THE
FIFTH
BOOK
OF
THE
SECOND
PART
:
Intreating
of
the
times
from
Philip
Emperour
in
the
West
,
and
the
French
Empire
in
the
East
,
till
Wenceslaus
the
German
Emperour
,
containing
the
History
of
200.
years
.
CHAP.
I.
1.
The
Troubles
of
Europe
under
Philip
,
Otto
the
Fourth
,
and
Frederick
the
Second
,
Emperours
of
the
West
.
2.
The
Affairs
of
the
Holy
Land.
3.
Of
the
Danish
and
other
Europeian
Affairs
.
THe
report
of
Henry's
death
being
come
,
Philip
hasteth
from
Hetruria
into
Germany
,
sending
the
Peers
of
the
Empire
before
,
desiring
them
to
fulfill
the
will
of
the
deceased
Otto
,
Philip
falls
upon
them
with
fire
and
sword
;
he
forced
also
the
Cities
upon
the
Rhine
,
even
Colen
it self
to
yield
,
so
that
Adolphus
the
Bishop
was
fain
to
crown
him
at
Aix
,
notwithstanding
K.
Richard
and
K.
Iohn
of
England
stood
entirely
for
Otto
,
being
his
Uncles
:
Otto
thrusts
Adolphus
out
of
his
Bishoprick
,
Philip
maintains
him
;
hereupon
another
Battel
is
fought
by
Conradus
Bishop
of
Mentz
was
lately
returned
from
Palestina
;
he
for
siding
with
Philip
,
is
stript
of
his
Bishoprick
by
the
Pope
,
and
so
was
his
successour
Ludolphus
,
and
Sigifrid
,
Philips
enemy
,
is
made
Bishop
:
but
an
end
was
shortly
after
put
to
these
Civil
wars
by
the
Marriages
of
Philips
Daughters
;
for
the
two
eldest
he
bestowed
upon
the
King
of
Bohemia
and
Duk●…
of
Brabant
,
the
third
he
married
to
Richard
the
Popes
Nephew
by
his
brother
,
and
the
fourth
to
his
Competitor
Otto
,
who
upon
this
left
off
prosecuting
his
right
in
the
Empire
:
By
this
last
Marriage
Philip
bought
his
peace
,
but
lost
his
life
;
for
one
Otto
Wittelsbachius
who
had
been
a
suiter
to
this
daughter
,
and
was
by
Philip
encouraged
in
the
suit
,
but
afterward
rejected
,
in
a
rage
gets
into
the
room
where
Philip
was
at
Bamberg
with
a
private
friend
,
and
thrusts
his
Dagger
(
which
he
had
under
his
cloak
)
into
the
Emperours
throat
,
of
which
wound
he
dyed
,
having
reigned
ten
years
almost
;
the
Paricide
escaped
by
means
of
Erbert
Bishop
of
Bamberg
,
but
afterward
he
was
apprehended
and
Otto
succeeded
to
Philip
,
for
so
they
had
covenanted
,
that
Otto
should
not
meddle
with
the
Empire
whilest
Philip
lived
;
but
he
did
not
enjoy
it
long
quietly
,
for
shortly
after
he
had
been
crown'd
by
Pope
Innocent
the
second
at
Rome
,
(
where
his
Gold
prevailed
more
then
his
Sword
)
there
arose
a
quarrel
about
the
Principality
of
Maud
,
sometime
the
wife
of
Henry
the
Fourth
;
this
she
had
bequeathed
on
the
Church
of
Rome
,
but
the
Emperours
still
claimed
it
as
their
due
;
therefore
Otto
resolves
to
recover
by
Armes
both
that
Marquisat
and
the
other
Territories
with-held
from
Frederick
the
Second's
Tutors
.
At
this
resolution
of
Otto's
,
Pope
Innocent
was
highly
offended
,
and
because
he
would
not
leave
off
his
claim
,
he
is
excommunicated
;
therefore
Otto
sets
Guards
upon
the
Pope
,
suffering
none
to
have
access
to
him
,
which
caused
such
a
tumult
in
the
City
,
that
Otto
,
not
without
great
slaughter
,
was
fain
to
flie
thence
into
Lombardy
,
where
he
collects
his
Forces
and
invades
Romandiola
,
Tuscia
,
and
the
Marquisat
of
Ancona
;
thence
he
marched
into
Apulia
to
recover
what
the
Pope
had
detained
from
the
Empire
:
in
the
mean
season
the
Popes
curse
is
published
in
Germany
,
and
the
Princes
are
desired
to
thrust
the
Excommunicate
Emperour
out
of
his
Government
.
Hence
ariseth
a
new
War
,
which
drew
Otto
home
out
of
Italy
,
some
do
side
with
him
,
but
more
with
the
Pope
;
hereupon
the
chief
German
Princes
,
with
the
Bohemian
,
send
for
Frederick
the
Second
out
of
Sicily
,
remembring
the
promise
they
had
made
to
Henry
his
father
,
about
setling
his
son
in
the
Empire
.
Frederick
comes
into
Alsatia
;
Otto
with
his
Army
prepares
to
encounter
him
,
but
most
of
his
Souldiers
forsook
him
,
so
that
he
returns
into
Spain
;
Frederick
in
the
interim
takes
in
all
upon
the
Rhine
,
then
being
crowned
at
Aix
,
he
makes
a
League
with
Philip
the
French
King
;
the
King
of
England
assists
Otto
with
men
and
money
;
upon
this
the
War
is
renewed
;
but
it
lasted
not
long
,
for
Otto
being
defeated
by
the
French
,
and
forsaken
by
his
men
,
resigned
up
his
In
these
Civil
wars
of
Germany
,
the
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
drew
the
Sclavi
to
rebell
against
Canutus
King
of
Denmark
.
Peter
Bishop
of
Rosehild
arrived
Peter
,
Hamburg
is
surprised
by
him
,
and
in
it
Adolphus
.
Canutus
being
dead
,
Valdemor
the
second
is
saluted
at
Lubec
,
King
of
Denmark
and
Sclavia
,
and
Lord
of
Nordalbingia
.
Adolphus
for
his
ransome
delivers
up
the
strong
Fort
of
Lavenburg
to
the
King.
About
the
same
time
Philip
of
France
recovered
all
Normandy
again
,
the
270.
year
after
it
had
been
given
to
Rollo
the
Dane
,
from
whom
till
this
time
were
reckoned
twelve
Dukes
,
six
whereof
were
Kings
of
England
.
Odoacer
King
of
Bohemia
,
for
siding
with
the
Pope
,
is
deposed
by
Otto
the
Emperour
at
the
Dyet
of
Norimberg
,
and
his
son
set
up
in
his
place
.
The
Waldenses
,
called
commonly
the
poor
men
of
Lions
,
Albigenses
and
Beggini
,
were
busie
about
these
times
in
opposing
the
corruptions
of
Rome
,
against
whom
the
Dominicans
and
Franciscans
were
imployed
by
Argument
,
and
the
Earl
of
Montsfort
with
some
other
Princes
by
the
Sword
,
many
of
them
were
slain
,
and
many
burned
for
Hereticks
:
the
Saxons
,
Westfalians
,
Frislanders
,
and
Austrians
were
making
an
Expedition
against
them
,
but
changing
their
mind
,
they
assisted
Spain
against
the
Moores
or
King
of
Morocco
.
Peter
King
of
Arragon
lost
his
life
in
assisting
the
Albigenses
.
Frederick
having
setled
Germany
,
and
annexed
again
Belgium
and
Lorain
to
the
Empire
,
was
fain
to
be
crowned
the
second
time
at
Aix
,
and
to
take
a
solemn
Oath
to
the
Pope
,
that
he
would
raise
all
the
strength
he
could
to
recover
the
Holy-Land
;
for
which
purpose
also
he
assembled
the
Councel
of
Lateran
,
and
promised
to
declare
Frederick
Emperour
;
but
before
this
could
be
performed
,
Innocent
died
at
Perusium
,
as
he
was
going
to
compose
the
War
between
the
Pisans
and
Genuois
:
At
last
Innocents
promise
was
performed
by
his
Successor
Honorius
.
After
this
,
Frederick
returns
to
Italy
,
to
take
order
with
the
Tuscians
and
Apulians
,
who
by
the
assistance
of
the
Bishops
,
had
invaded
and
spoiled
the
Emperours
Territories
;
these
he
subdued
,
and
removed
the
Bishops
out
of
their
places
,
which
fled
to
the
Pope
for
remedy
,
who
desired
Frederick
to
restore
them
;
which
he
refusing
,
and
withall
inveighing
against
the
Popes
pride
,
covetousness
,
and
frauds
,
gave
occasion
of
new
troubles
,
by
which
all
Italy
banded
against
the
Emperour
,
and
at
last
the
French
were
called
in
to
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
(
these
troubles
were
presaged
by
Earth-quakes
,
and
blood
mingled
with
dust
,
out
of
the
clouds
,
at
Rome
.
)
The
Emperour
is
excommunicate
;
the
Sicilians
take
up
Armes
against
Frederick
,
having
shaken
off
his
Government
,
therefore
Frederick
is
forced
to
leave
Italy
,
and
to
pass
over
into
Sicily
,
which
he
quieted
,
and
performed
Funeral
obsequies
to
his
wife
Constantia
lately
dead
:
Thence
he
returned
into
Germany
,
where
he
held
a
Dyet
at
Wurceburg
,
and
made
his
son
Henry
by
Constantia
his
Colleague
in
the
Empire
,
but
afterward
condemned
him
to
perpetual
imprisonment
in
Calabria
,
with
his
two
sons
,
by
consent
of
the
German
Princes
(
where
he
died
the
next
year
after
)
because
he
aimed
to
dethrone
his
Father
,
against
whom
by
the
Popes
instigation
Iohn
de
Bregna
K.
of
Ierusalem
,
who
acquainted
the
Pope
with
the
danger
of
Asia
,
and
that
if
Damiata
had
not
been
surrendred
again
to
the
Sultan
,
the
Christian
Army
had
been
drowned
by
opening
the
sluces
of
Nilus
.
He
also
bestowed
his
daughter
Iole
upon
Frederick
,
with
the
Kingdom
of
Ierusalem
for
her
dowry
,
to
engage
his
son-in-law
against
the
Sarazens
in
Asia
;
Frederick
having
undertaken
the
Expedition
,
sends
his
son
Henry
into
Germany
,
to
have
a
Dyet
called
for
raising
of
mony
horse
and
men
towards
this
Expedition
.
Ludovic
Lantgrave
of
Thuringia
is
by
the
Princes
made
chief
Commander
of
the
German
Forces
.
Frederick
invites
the
German
Princes
into
Cremona
,
to
Germany
;
Brundusium
was
the
Rendevouz
for
the
Souldiers
,
where
the
Lantgrave
of
Thuringia
,
with
divers
others
fell
sick
&
died
;
Frederick
also
himself
was
ill
disposed
,
by
reason
of
the
unseasonable
weather
,
and
when
he
put
to
Sea
,
was
beat
back
again
by
contrary
winds
,
so
that
he
was
forced
to
stay
at
Brundusium
;
the
Pope
notwithstanding
rageth
against
him
,
accusing
him
of
perjury
,
adultery
,
and
cruelty
to
his
wife
;
of
treachery
also
,
in
suffering
Damiata
to
be
lost
;
therefore
he
curseth
him
,
and
denounceth
war
against
him
,
to
that
purpose
calleth
Bregna
or
Brennus
his
father-in-law
into
Romandiola
,
giving
him
the
Title
of
Exarch
;
he
armes
also
the
Tuscians
and
Lombards
against
him
.
Frederick
to
purge
himself
from
the
Popes
criminations
,
calls
the
Princes
together
at
Ravenna
,
but
the
tumults
of
Lombardy
hindred
that
meeting
,
therefore
he
clears
himself
by
writing
.
So
having
repaired
his
Fleet
,
he
sets
saile
for
Asia
,
having
sent
before
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
Army
,
Reinold
D.
of
Bavaria
,
and
Master
of
the
Horse
;
the
charge
of
Italy
was
committed
to
Reinold
D.
of
Ierusalem
,
Bethleem
,
&
Nazareth
.
This
Brennus
or
Bregna
had
married
Mary
the
daughter
of
Almaricus
King
of
Cyprus
and
Ierusalem
,
and
with
her
received
the
Title
of
King
:
he
did
good
service
in
Asia
;
but
being
forsaken
of
Andrew
King
of
Hungary
,
who
having
washed
himself
three
times
in
Iordan
,
thought
he
had
sufficiently
paid
his
vow
,
returns
home
with
his
Army
:
being
(
I
say
)
thus
forsaken
,
and
hopeless
to
recover
Palestina
,
he
intrencheth
himself
between
Caesaria
and
the
hill
Caiapha
,
and
grew
so
strong
with
the
continual
aid
of
Pilgrims
,
that
he
much
infested
the
Barbarians
;
then
having
got
a
Fleet
of
Ships
,
he
sailes
to
Damiata
(
of
old
Heliopolis
)
in
Aegypt
,
breaks
down
the
Chain
which
kept
off
Ships
from
entring
Nilus
,
and
at
last
,
not
without
much
labour
and
blood
took
the
Barbarians
strongest
Hold.
Here
Saphadinas
was
slain
;
his
son
wanting
provision
,
retreats
from
the
place
with
his
Army
.
Conradin
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
and
Ierusalem
,
and
the
son
of
Saphadin
,
offers
conditions
of
peace
,
and
promiseth
restitution
of
the
Cross
,
and
all
that
the
Christians
had
lost
in
Cyria
,
or
Phenicia
;
this
was
liked
by
all
the
Latines
,
except
by
Pelagius
the
Cardinal
,
who
would
yield
to
no
tearms
till
Egypt
were
first
subdued
:
At
this
,
Conradin
in
a
rage
demolisheth
the
walls
and
chief
buildings
of
Ierusalem
,
Caesaria
,
and
other
places
,
that
they
might
not
be
serviceable
to
the
Christians
,
who
lost
many
men
by
the
Plague
and
Famine
;
at
last
,
Damiata
after
a
years
siege
and
a
half
,
is
taken
;
Pelagius
claims
it
as
the
Popes
due
;
King
Brennus
retires
to
Ptolemais
,
who
with
much
intreaty
of
the
Princes
returns
;
Pelagius
the
Legat
urgeth
the
subduing
of
Egypt
,
and
first
of
the
regal
City
Cayre
,
whom
Brennus
resisteth
,
alledging
they
came
not
for
Egypt
,
but
for
recovering
the
Holy-Land
;
but
the
Legat
would
have
his
will
;
therefore
commands
Lodovick
of
Bavaria
to
go
before
,
and
the
rest
to
follow
,
threatning
to
curse
those
that
obeyed
him
not
;
about
70000.
went
for
fear
of
his
curse
;
no
sooner
had
they
pitched
their
Tents
about
ten
miles
from
the
City
Cayre
,
when
the
Nile
is
let
in
upon
them
,
many
were
drowned
,
and
the
rest
forced
to
forsake
Damiata
,
and
to
leave
Egypt
;
the
Sultan
of
Damascus
made
Truce
with
them
for
ten
years
;
upon
this
Brennus
repairs
to
the
Pope
for
new
supplies
.
About
these
times
,
Waldemar
the
second
,
King
of
Denmark
,
was
surprised
and
carried
away
with
his
Son
by
Henry
Earle
of
Suerinum
,
whose
Wife
the
King
had
abused
whilest
Henry
was
absent
at
the
holy
War
,
notwithstanding
he
had
intrusted
her
with
the
King
,
hoping
she
could
not
have
been
any
where
so
safe
.
This
King
having
recovered
by
his
Armies
,
and
subdued
the
Sclavian
coast
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
and
having
regained
Hamburgh
from
Otto
the
fourth
,
was
in
his
sleep
seized
upon
by
night
,
carried
away
in
a
Ship
,
and
imprisoned
in
the
Castle
of
Daneberg
;
so
that
two
years
after
he
was
forced
to
ransome
himself
with
35.
Talents
of
Silver
;
so
he
recovered
his
Kingdome
,
but
in
the
interim
lost
the
Town
of
Vandalia
,
which
revolted
from
him
.
Frederick
having
returned
from
Asia
,
shewed
that
he
was
not
dead
,
as
was
Sicily
,
Gregory
on
the
Teutons
;
who
being
again
pursued
by
the
Romans
,
aiming
at
their
antient
liberty
,
stoutly
defended
himself
:
At
Reatum
a
bloody
battel
is
fought
,
in
which
30000.
were
slaine
:
After
this
,
he
sends
his
Preachers
about
for
raising
of
men
and
money
again
for
the
Holy
Land.
A
great
Army
is
raised
under
Theobald
King
of
Navarre
and
other
Commanders
;
They
march
by
land
,
suffering
much
hardship
and
losse
by
the
way
;
but
shortly
after
they
were
come
to
Ptolemais
,
the
Turks
Army
overthrew
them
,
so
that
few
escaped
,
who
returned
home
with
dishonour
.
About
this
time
Ferdinand
King
of
Castile
took
Hispalis
and
Corduba
from
the
Sarazens
;
and
Iames
King
of
Arragon
,
Valentia
and
Majorca
,
driving
the
Frederick
in
the
mean
space
takes
Beneventum
by
storm
,
and
overthrows
it
;
he
drives
the
Benedictines
out
of
their
Monastery
at
Cassinum
,
and
gives
Nuceria
in
Apulia
to
the
Sarazens
(
whom
he
drove
out
of
Sicily
:
)
He
fals
suddenly
upon
Ravenna
and
subdues
it
.
Upon
this
Gregory
cals
a
Synod
at
Lateran
for
deposing
of
Frederick
,
who
by
his
Letters
to
the
Princes
shewed
,
that
both
the
time
,
place
,
and
persons
,
and
other
circumstances
were
for
Gregories
advantage
,
but
all
to
his
prejudice
;
therefore
he
shuts
up
all
passages
to
Rome
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
and
intercepts
some
Cardinals
going
thither
,
whom
he
imprisoned
,
with
divers
Bishops
;
which
so
grieved
Gregory
,
that
he
fell
sick
and
died
,
the
15.
year
of
his
Pontificat
,
and
almost
100.
of
his
life
.
Then
did
Faventia
after
a
long
siege
yield
to
Frederick
:
his
two
sons
,
Conradus
and
Henry
drove
the
Tartars
from
Danubius
;
these
had
plundred
Poland
,
Hungaria
,
&
Silesia
;
the
Church
wants
a
Pope
for
twenty
one
moneths
,
in
which
vacancie
Frederick
removes
the
University
of
Bononia
into
Padua
;
at
last
the
Emperour
by
the
intreaty
of
Baldwin
,
who
had
left
Asia
,
and
of
Raimund
the
Tolosan
,
being
both
now
in
Italy
,
dismisseth
the
imprisoned
Bishops
and
Cardinals
,
wishing
them
to
choose
a
new
Pope
,
which
they
neglecting
to
doe
,
were
forced
by
Fredericks
Armes
,
and
Lewis
the
French
Kings
threatnings
;
at
length
Innocent
the
Fourth
is
chosen
at
Anagnia
,
now
called
Campagnia
di
Roma
;
he
pretending
that
Frederick
meant
to
kill
him
,
fled
to
Genua
from
Rome
,
and
The
Pope
in
this
mean
while
chooseth
new
Cardinals
,
whom
he
honoureth
with
Scarlet
Garments
and
Hats
;
then
he
fals
with
his
Curses
upon
Frederick
,
and
invites
the
Germans
to
choose
Henry
Lantgrave
of
Thuringia
for
their
Emperour
,
which
was
hindred
by
Fredericks
Armies
;
this
not
succeeding
,
the
Pope
cals
a
general
Council
at
Lions
,
there
Petrus
de
Vineis
with
others
stoutly
pleaded
for
Frederick
,
yet
notwithstanding
he
is
anathematized
:
Conradus
Fredericks
Son
opposeth
with
an
Army
;
but
his
Commanders
being
bribed
forsook
him
,
so
that
he
was
fain
to
return
with
dishonour
to
his
Father
:
after
this
,
the
Lantgrave
by
the
help
of
the
Bishops
,
playes
the
Emperour
,
and
as
he
was
going
to
receive
his
Inauguration
at
Ulma
,
was
set
upon
by
Conradus
;
the
Landgrave
had
the
better
,
but
a
Reserve
of
15000
Conradus
had
laid
in
Ambush
,
breaking
out
suddenly
on
the
Lantgrave
,
defeated
his
Army
,
in
which
he
received
a
wound
,
and
of
that
died
shortly
after
.
Innocent
being
much
troubled
at
this
,
sends
his
Oratours
abroad
to
sollicite
the
Princes
to
rise
unanimously
against
Frederick
,
and
withall
sends
a
great
Italy
,
Frederick
the
bastard
Prince
of
Antioch
and
Governour
of
Tuscia
,
and
Hensius
King
of
Sardinia
;
he
had
also
received
Elephants
and
some
other
wilde
beasts
out
of
Africa
,
with
these
he
made
publick
shews
at
an
unseasonable
time
,
and
spent
his
treasure
vainly
;
so
that
he
was
faine
to
turn
his
new
stampt
Gold
into
Leather
money
,
promising
to
repay
it
again
in
Gold
:
The
Citizens
of
Parma
proffered
to
surrender
upon
Articles
,
which
were
denyed
them
by
Frederick
;
wishing
them
in
scorn
to
eat
sparingly
,
and
make
much
of
their
provision
,
for
that
should
be
the
last
that
ever
they
should
eat
;
this
so
exasperated
them
,
that
desperately
they
salley
out
upon
the
Caesarians
(
Frederick
being
then
retired
for
healths
sake
,
with
some
part
of
his
Army
)
whom
they
defeat
and
put
to
flight
,
seise
upon
15000.
Horse
,
and
cut
Thaddaeus
the
General
in
pieces
,
and
the
new
City
Victoria
they
overthrow
and
level
with
the
ground
.
William
of
Holland
in
the
mean
space
,
desirous
to
be
consecrated
,
laid
siege
to
●…ix
,
the
Dukes
of
Saxony
and
Bavaria
were
against
him
;
but
he
had
the
Bishop
of
Colen
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Clergy
,
for
him
,
whose
Armes
and
purses
were
at
his
command
;
by
their
help
,
and
by
an
inundation
of
water
,
the
City
yielded
,
and
received
William
.
About
this
time
Petrus
de
Vineis
,
who
had
pleaded
so
much
for
Frederick
,
was
ill
rewarded
by
him
,
upon
suspition
that
Pope
Innocent
had
hired
him
to
poyson
the
Emperour
by
his
Physician
,
who
having
brought
the
potion
,
and
willed
by
Frederick
first
to
take
it
,
poured
it
on
the
ground
;
upon
this
,
Peters
eyes
were
thrust
out
,
who
to
avoid
further
punishment
,
or
else
mad
for
being
falsly
accused
,
beat
out
his
own
brains
against
a
pillar
.
In
the
mean
while
Frederick
begins
to
prevail
again
;
he
drove
William
back
into
Holland
;
he
subjected
Parma
,
being
secure
,
with
other
Cities
in
Italy
.
People
began
to
murmure
,
that
the
Popes
persecuting
of
Frederick
kept
him
from
Asia
,
where
all
was
now
in
danger
to
be
lost
,
many
revolted
from
Christ
to
Mahumet
:
Hereupon
Innocent
is
desired
to
receive
Frederick
into
favour
again
,
that
he
might
heal
these
sores
of
Christendome
,
or
else
that
he
should
be
gone
from
Lions
,
but
he
remained
inexorable
;
and
therefore
sends
to
the
King
of
England
to
have
Burdeaux
for
his
residence
,
being
he
was
banished
from
his
own
Church
.
In
this
mean
season
Frederick
died
in
Apulia
,
He
was
a
Prince
eminent
both
in
vertue
and
vice
:
he
was
a
good
Scholler
and
Linguist
;
he
caused
Aristotle
,
Galen
,
Ptolomy
,
and
Avicenna
to
be
translated
into
Latine
out
of
the
Greek
and
Arabick
;
he
erected
an
University
at
Naples
,
corrected
many
of
the
Laws
,
and
was
a
lover
of
learned
men
:
he
had
three
wives
,
the
first
was
Constantia
Queen
of
Arragon
,
of
whom
he
had
Henry
the
elder
Duke
of
Suevia
and
King
of
the
Romanes
;
the
other
was
Iole
,
Bregna's
daughter
King
of
Ierusalem
,
whence
the
Title
of
King
of
Ierusalem
was
annexed
to
the
Kings
of
Sicily
and
Naples
,
of
her
he
had
Conradus
,
on
whom
Frederick
conferred
the
titles
of
his
brother
Henry
,
and
bequeathed
him
Sicily
and
Naples
:
The
third
was
King
Iohns
daughter
of
England
,
of
whom
he
had
Henry
the
younger
:
he
had
also
,
besides
divers
daughters
,
bastard-sons
;
Manfred
prince
of
Tarentum
,
who
stifled
him
for
giving
away
Naples
from
him
;
Hensius
King
of
Sardinia
,
whom
the
Bonanians
killed
,
being
shut
up
in
an
iron
Cage
;
and
Frederick
Prince
of
Antioch
.
CHAP.
II.
1.
The
true
estate
of
the
Eastern
Empire
.
2.
The
affaires
of
France
,
Tartary
,
Denmark
,
Poland
,
England
,
Scotland
,
Spaine
,
and
other
places
.
3.
The
Popes
of
these
times
.
THe
Greeks
having
lost
the
Eastern
Empire
,
Balduinus
Earl
of
Flanders
,
being
but
32.
years
old
,
is
made
Emperour
of
Constantinople
;
who
to
inlarge
his
Empire
,
passeth
into
Asia
,
having
sent
his
brother
Henry
before
,
against
whom
Prusa
of
Bithinia
shut
her
gates
.
Baldwin
was
quickly
called
back
out
of
Asia
,
upon
the
revolt
of
some
Cities
in
Macedonia
and
Thracia
,
among
the
rest
Hadrianopolis
,
which
held
out
so
long
,
till
Iohn
Duke
of
Mysia
came
with
his
Army
to
raise
the
siege
;
the
Latine
Army
is
overthrown
,
and
Baldwin
with
divers
Commanders
taken
prisoners
;
he
had
reigned
but
one
year
,
when
he
was
laid
in
irons
,
at
last
they
cut
off
his
hands
and
feet
,
and
so
left
him
alive
for
a
prey
to
the
Birds
,
but
he
died
the
second
day
after
.
The
Latines
to
be
revenged
,
rob
and
murther
both
by
sea
and
land
,
so
that
they
Henry
,
Baldwins
brother
,
succeeds
in
the
Empire
;
and
Boniface
the
Marquis
having
lost
most
of
his
Townes
,
shuts
himself
up
in
Thessalonica
.
Miserable
was
the
condition
of
Greece
at
this
time
,
men
devouring
one
another
,
as
Wolves
do
sheep
.
In
the
East
,
Prusa
,
Nicha
,
Smyrna
,
Ephesus
,
and
divers
other
places
,
with
the
Lydians
,
submitted
themselves
to
Theodorus
Lascaris
,
who
having
got
together
a
Fleet
of
Ships
,
subdued
divers
Islands
.
David
and
Alexus
,
brothers
,
the
Nephews
of
Andronicus
sometimes
Tyrant
,
Aldobrandinus
the
Italian
,
and
the
Genuois
who
took
Crete
,
tore
away
divers
limbs
from
the
Greek
Empire
.
Henry
made
peace
with
the
Bulgarians
,
and
married
with
the
prince
of
Bulgaria's
daughter
;
so
returning
with
his
Army
to
Byzantium
,
he
fortified
the
City
,
where
having
lest
a
Garrison
,
went
to
Thessalonica
,
where
the
Marquis
of
Montsferrat
was
,
whom
he
made
King
there
;
and
then
returned
to
Constantinople
;
where
he
died
the
11.
year
of
his
Reign
,
having
betrothed
his
daughter
Iolanta
to
Petrus
Antisiodorensis
,
who
in
her
right
claimed
the
Empire
,
and
then
he
went
to
Rome
to
be
crowned
by
the
Pope
.
In
the
mean
time
Theodorus
Lascaris
,
who
had
overthrown
the
Turks
in
a
great
battel
,
and
killed
the
Martinus
Michael
,
the
Venetian
Pretor
,
out
of
his
love
to
the
people
,
to
be
his
Colleague
in
the
Empire
;
but
he
lived
not
long
,
sor
he
died
in
Achaia
,
as
he
was
returning
after
his
inauguration
,
from
Rome
;
his
son
Baldwin
was
as
yet
too
young
for
Government
,
and
the
Lascarins
with
the
Comnins
were
busie
in
using
all
means
possible
to
recover
the
City
;
which
danger
the
Venetians
perceiving
,
entred
into
a
League
with
the
one
to
destroy
the
other
;
therefore
they
advised
the
young
Emperour
to
marry
with
the
daughter
of
Alexius
Comnenus
;
but
the
French
Peers
fearing
a
change
of
Government
in
a
Grecian
affinity
,
rejected
this
wholsome
advice
,
and
by
the
suggestion
of
Pope
Gregory
,
they
made
a
match
between
the
young
Emperour
to
Martha
the
daughter
of
Brennus
King
of
Ierusalem
,
whose
sister
,
or
(
as
others
say
)
daughter
Iole
,
Frederick
married
.
So
long
as
Brennus
lived
,
Baldwin
was
strong
enough
for
his
enemies
;
but
after
his
death
the
enemies
increasing
,
and
his
treasures
being
spent
,
which
should
have
maintained
the
Venetian
Fleet
,
he
was
forced
to
repair
into
Italy
,
hoping
for
aide
from
Frederick
(
then
before
Parma
)
and
the
Pope
,
but
both
failed
him
;
yet
when
he
heard
of
the
death
of
Theodorus
Lascaris
,
he
took
courage
,
and
returned
to
Constantinople
,
hoping
to
quell
his
enemies
;
but
Michael
Palaeologus
forced
him
into
the
City
,
which
he
besieged
,
and
at
last
by
treachery
took
;
Baldwin
escaped
narrowly
in
the
night
,
and
got
into
Italy
by
Euripus
&
Eubola
,
then
in
the
Venetian
possession
.
Thus
was
Constantinople
lost
by
Baldwin
the
second
,
the
60.
year
after
it
had
been
possessed
by
Baldwin
the
first
.
Theodorus
Lascaris
Emperour
of
Nicha
,
having
defeated
the
Turkish
Sultan
,
(
whose
head
he
carried
upon
a
long
pole
about
his
Army
,
to
the
teriour
of
the
Turks
,
who
fainted
at
the
sight
thereof
,
and
submitted
to
him
)
reigned
18.
years
,
and
then
died
,
leaving
for
his
successor
Iohannes
Ducas
his
son-in-law
,
Theodorus
Lascaris
succeeded
,
who
died
the
Michael
Palaeologus
usurping
the
Empire
,
In
France
,
Philip
raised
an
Army
against
the
Albigenses
,
who
were
defended
by
the
King
of
Arragon
,
and
Raimond
Earl
of
Tholouse
.
In
this
war
,
Simon
Montfortius
,
General
of
the
Catholike
Forces
,
gave
divers
defeats
to
the
Albigenses
,
and
at
last
was
killed
at
the
siege
of
Tholouse
,
which
was
given
him
by
the
Lateran
About
these
times
the
Tartars
,
under
the
conduct
of
their
King
Hoccottas
,
did
in
great
swarmes
enter
Asia
and
Europe
;
they
subdued
Persis
,
and
all
the
Countries
between
that
and
Tanais
;
at
length
they
over-ran
Poland
and
Hungary
,
even
to
Austria
:
upon
this
,
Pope
Innocent
sends
some
choise
Franciscans
and
Dominicans
,
to
try
if
they
could
bring
these
Barbarians
to
the
knowledge
of
Christ
,
which
they
did
accordingly
,
so
that
their
new
King
Mago
,
or
Meto
,
was
baptized
:
Halon
,
King
Meto's
brother
,
having
defeated
the
Turks
,
recovers
Syria
,
and
was
in
possibility
to
have
setled
the
Christians
again
in
Ierusalem
,
had
not
their
own
discords
hindred
,
and
his
departure
thence
;
for
at
that
time
his
brother
Meto
died
,
and
he
was
called
away
to
inherit
the
Kingdome
.
In
Denmark
to
Waldemar
the
3.
succeeded
Ericus
,
whose
brother
Abel
was
made
Duke
of
Iutia
;
this
Ericus
,
as
he
was
preparing
to
chastise
Lubeck
and
Hamburg
,
who
had
entred
into
confederacie
against
him
,
was
treacherously
murthered
by
his
brother
Abel
,
who
having
leigned
two
years
,
was
in
Gods
just
judgement
slain
by
the
Frisones
in
a
tumult
,
as
he
was
raising
an
Army
against
them
,
for
refusing
to
submit
to
his
unjust
exactions
.
To
him
succeeded
Christopher
,
the
third
brother
;
against
him
his
subjects
rebelled
,
and
threw
down
his
Castles
and
Houses
;
he
imprisoned
his
Archbishop
,
for
which
his
Kingdome
was
under
the
Popes
curse
nine
years
.
Poland
at
this
time
was
afflicted
with
Civil
Warrs
:
for
Conradus
and
Henry
the
two
Tutors
of
young
Boleslaus
the
King
,
strove
for
the
Principality
;
divers
battels
were
fought
,
till
at
length
Conradus
the
Kings
Uncle
prevailed
;
but
the
Queen
and
her
son
were
more
inclined
to
Henry
;
wherefore
Conradus
seiseth
on
the
King
,
and
shuts
him
up
in
a
Monastery
,
where
he
made
an
escape
,
having
intoxicated
his
Keepers
with
wine
,
and
so
betakes
himself
to
Henry
,
who
with
much
trouble
setled
him
again
in
his
Kingdome
,
both
the
Tutors
submitting
.
In
the
interim
,
the
Tartars
break
in
upon
Poland
,
destroying
all
with
fire
and
sword
;
so
that
the
King
with
his
wife
fled
into
Hungary
Moravia
.
Boleslaus
was
glad
to
hide
himself
in
a
Castle
;
in
the
mean
while
,
the
son
of
Henry
the
Kings
Tutor
,
upon
the
death
of
his
Father
,
who
was
slain
in
the
war
,
takes
possession
of
Poland
,
whom
Conradus
,
Boleslaus
his
Uncle
,
drove
out
;
but
he
did
not
enjoy
the
kingdome
long
,
for
he
grew
odious
to
the
people
,
for
laying
heavy
taxes
on
them
,
that
a
way
was
made
for
Boleslaus
to
return
,
who
upon
the
death
of
Conradus
,
which
fell
out
shortly
after
,
possessed
the
Kingdome
quietly
.
In
England
,
Iohn
Plantagenet
,
youngest
son
of
King
Henry
the
2.
succeeded
to
Richard
,
albeit
Arthur
Plantagenet
his
Nephew
,
and
son
to
Geosfrey
his
elder
Iohn
Gray
Bishop
of
Norwich
,
in
whose
behalf
the
King
sent
to
the
Pope
,
intreating
him
to
ratifie
this
last
choyce
;
but
the
Pope
slighted
the
Kings
Letters
,
and
confirmed
the
first
election
;
yet
understanding
that
divers
of
the
Monks
disliked
the
first
election
,
because
it
was
done
in
the
night
,
advised
the
Monks
to
elect
Steven
Langton
the
Cardinal
of
Chrysogone
,
which
was
done
accordingly
,
albeit
the
K.
prohibited
the
choice
,
who
storming
that
he
was
thus
slighted
,
writes
to
the
Pope
,
that
he
would
not
from
thenceforth
suffer
him
or
his
Kingdom
to
be
thus
enslaved
to
Rome
:
The
Pope
answers
,
that
the
election
should
stand
,
requiring
the
King
to
give
him
quiet
possession
,
and
to
recall
the
banished
Monks
,
and
authorised
4.
Bishops
to
interdict
the
King
and
Kingdom
,
if
he
did
not
obey
;
the
King
upon
this
seised
on
these
Bishops
lands
and
goods
,
promising
to
do
the
like
to
all
that
should
have
any
recourse
to
Rome
;
wherefore
the
Pope
sends
his
two
Legats
,
Pandulphus
and
Durant
,
wishing
the
King
to
submit
himself
to
the
Pope
,
and
to
be
reconciled
to
the
four
Bishops
,
and
the
Monks
of
St.
Austin
,
which
he
was
willing
to
do
,
conditionally
that
he
might
not
allow
the
Cardinals
election
;
upon
this
the
Legats
pronounce
the
Popes
Curse
against
the
king
,
absolving
his
Subjects
from
their
allegiance
,
and
withall
gave
his
Crown
to
Philip
the
French
king
:
Philip
,
Lewis
,
and
the
English
that
sided
with
them
:
Hereupon
the
common
Souldiers
forsook
their
Leaders
,
and
went
home
,
and
divers
of
the
Countrey
people
fell
to
robbing
and
plundring
the
houses
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
that
were
accursed
;
which
caused
them
,
being
destitute
of
means
,
and
forsaken
of
their
friends
,
to
submit
to
King
Iohn
,
who
pardoned
them
,
and
restored
them
to
their
Honours
and
Lands
;
and
so
after
this
followed
peace
.
The
Pope
shortly
after
,
in
the
Councel
of
Lateran
,
published
,
that
the
tenure
of
England
was
to
be
of
the
Church
of
Rome
.
At
the
same
time
Otho
the
Emperour
,
Peter
King
of
Arragon
,
and
Raymund
Earl
of
Tholouse
,
with
some
other
Princes
,
were
excommunicated
for
heresie
,
as
was
pretended
,
but
indeed
to
subject
their
temporalties
to
the
Pope
;
and
therefore
it
was
decreed
,
that
no
man
should
be
made
Emperour
,
untill
he
had
sworn
his
homage
to
the
Pope
.
But
the
Clergy
was
never
heartily
reconciled
to
King
Iohn
,
against
whom
they
still
bore
a
private
grudge
;
therefore
in
the
Abbey
of
Swinsted
neer
Lincoln
he
was
poysoned
by
a
Monk
of
Saint
Bernards
Order
,
who
to
make
sure
work
,
drank
first
to
the
King
,
and
poysoned
himself
for
company
;
some
think
he
died
of
a
surfeit
of
Peaches
and
new
Ale.
King
Iohn
reigned
17.
years
,
and
was
buried
at
Winchester
.
In
the
7.
year
of
his
reign
he
went
into
Ireland
,
and
reduced
that
revolted
people
to
his
obedience
.
In
the
9.
year
he
renews
the
Londoners
Charter
for
the
annual
electing
of
a
Maior
and
two
Sheriffs
.
The
next
year
London-Bridge
was
built
.
Scots
;
Elianor
,
wife
to
Simon
Earl
of
Leicester
;
and
Isabel
the
youngest
,
who
was
married
to
the
Emperour
.
Henry
,
King
Iohns
son
,
was
crowned
at
the
age
of
9.
years
,
whose
Protector
Hugh
de
Burgh
Master
of
the
Cinque-Ports
rigs
out
a
Fleet
,
and
beats
the
French
;
wherefore
Prince
Lewis
makes
peace
with
the
English
,
and
for
a
sum
of
money
received
,
he
surrenders
all
the
Forts
and
Towns
he
had
taken
,
and
returns
to
France
.
Upon
his
departure
,
a
Parliament
is
called
,
in
which
King
Edwards
Laws
were
established
,
and
the
grand
Charter
,
or
Magna
Charta
,
the
Wardships
and
Marriages
of
Wards
granted
of
old
to
King
Edgar
and
Edward
the
Confessor
,
were
revived
,
and
a
voluntary
Tax
given
to
the
King
for
raising
of
Forces
to
be
conducted
by
Richard
Earl
of
Cornwal
,
the
Kings
brother
,
for
recovering
of
Poyteers
and
Gascoign
again
from
the
French
;
which
Provinces
were
shortly
after
recovered
by
the
same
Richard
,
but
invaded
again
,
and
taken
by
the
French
,
and
re-taken
afterward
by
the
said
Richard
the
second
time
;
at
last
a
peace
is
made
between
the
two
Kings
.
After
this
the
Barons
of
England
were
discontent
with
King
Henry
,
for
applying
himself
meerly
to
strangers
,
and
neglecting
them
;
which
error
the
King
perceiving
,
he
reconciled
himself
to
his
Nobles
,
and
resumed
the
Earldom
of
Chester
into
his
own
hands
,
Iohn
Scot
the
Earl
thereof
being
dead
without
issue
male
;
the
four
daughters
of
this
Earl
were
,
by
way
of
exchange
,
enriched
with
other
Territories
and
Honours
.
Prince
Edward
,
the
Kings
son
,
is
married
to
Elianor
the
King
of
Spains
sister
,
on
whom
he
bestowed
Guian
,
Ireland
,
Chester
and
Wales
;
these
two
last
dignities
he
annexed
to
the
eldest
sons
of
the
English
Kings
.
Not
long
after
a
Scholler
in
Oxford
intended
to
murther
the
King
,
but
missed
him
,
for
that
night
he
lodged
not
in
his
usual
bed-chamber
;
so
the
Traitor
was
apprehended
and
put
to
death
.
In
the
24.
year
of
Henry's
reign
,
Lewis
the
9.
invadeth
Guian
,
against
whom
King
Henry
carried
over
an
Army
;
divers
skirmishes
there
were
,
with
diverse
success
:
After
King
Henries
return
into
England
,
the
French
King
married
his
brother
to
the
daughter
of
the
Earl
of
Tholouse
,
to
whom
he
gave
Poytiers
and
the
English
Territories
in
Alberne
;
he
invades
also
the
Earldome
of
March
;
king
Henry
upon
this
transporteth
an
Army
unto
Burdeaux
,
and
neer
to
that
place
fought
the
French
,
but
lost
the
Field
;
whereupon
the
Earl
of
March
submitted
himself
to
the
French
king
.
Henry
upon
his
return
,
married
his
sister
to
Alexander
king
of
Scots
.
The
Popes
exactions
were
so
great
upon
this
Land
,
and
his
demands
so
unreasonable
,
in
sending
his
Mandate
to
have
300.
Romans
preferred
to
the
Benefices
which
should
be
first
vacant
in
England
,
that
the
Clergy
generally
murmured
;
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
Edmund
,
in
discontent
gives
over
all
,
and
retires
to
the
Abbey
of
Pontiniac
in
France
;
and
the
king
was
fain
to
complain
in
the
Lateran
Councel
against
the
Pope
,
who
had
no
other
satisfaction
from
him
but
this
,
Let
us
first
kill
the
great
Dragon
,
(
that
is
,
Frederick
the
Emperour
)
and
then
we
shall
quickly
trend
down
these
petty
snakes
,
that
is
,
the
inferiour
Kings
and
Princes
.
In
Scotland
,
to
king
William
succeeded
his
son
Alexander
16.
years
old
;
he
being
invited
into
England
by
the
oppressed
Clergy
under
king
Iohn
,
falls
upon
the
Royalists
and
their
Lands
with
fire
and
sword
.
King
Iohn
in
requital
enters
Scotland
,
wasting
all
before
him
in
Lothian
.
Alexander
was
deterred
by
the
Popes
curse
,
from
assisting
Prince
Lewis
of
France
against
King
Iohn
,
who
had
now
resigned
his
Kingdome
to
the
See
of
Rome
;
therefore
he
returns
to
Scotland
,
but
with
great
difficulty
,
king
Iohn
having
caused
the
Bridges
over
Trent
to
be
broken
down
;
but
his
death
(
by
poyson
,
)
did
facilitate
Alexanders
return
,
who
being
absolved
by
the
Popes
Legat
from
his
curse
,
makes
peace
with
King
Henry
of
England
,
whom
the
Pope
had
now
established
in
his
Kingdome
.
The
Scots
restore
Carlile
which
they
had
taken
in
the
former
war
,
and
the
English
surrender
Berwick
.
The
Legat
by
his
excommunication
raiseth
a
great
sum
of
money
from
the
Scotish
Clergy
,
who
joyning
with
the
Clergy
of
England
,
send
Messengers
to
Rome
with
complaints
against
the
Legates
sordid
and
unjust
carriage
,
on
whom
the
Pope
set
a
great
fine
.
A●…gidius
the
Cardinal
after
him
was
sent
to
raise
more
money
in
both
Kingdomes
,
which
when
he
had
lavishly
spent
,
returns
empty
to
Rome
,
pretending
In
Rome
to
Clemens
the
third
succeeded
Celestine
the
third
,
who
sate
four
years
:
his
successor
was
Innocent
the
third
,
who
was
Pope
18.
years
;
In
his
time
the
Greek
Church
,
by
means
of
Baldwin
Emperour
of
the
East
,
was
reconciled
to
the
Latine
,
and
Thomas
the
first
of
the
Latine
Church
,
was
made
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
against
whom
the
Greeks
chose
Michael
the
fourth
who
sate
without
the
City
.
The
Venetians
take
Crete
or
Candy
from
the
Greeks
,
but
permit
them
to
retain
their
Greek
Ceremonies
.
This
Island
was
the
cause
of
70.
years
war
between
the
Venetians
and
Genuois
,
which
by
Gregory
the
10.
was
at
last
composed
,
so
that
the
Island
remained
in
the
power
of
the
Venetians
.
Peter
the
second
,
king
of
Arragon
,
was
crowned
by
this
Innocent
at
Rome
,
who
authorised
the
Arch-bishop
of
Tarracon
to
crown
his
Successors
at
Caesarangusta
.
His
Successour
Iames
took
from
the
Moors
the
kingdome
of
Valentia
,
and
Murtia
,
with
the
Baleares
.
Alexius
Comnenus
,
father-in-law
to
Theodorus
Lascaris
,
erected
a
new
Empire
at
Traperuntinum
,
containing
Cappadocia
and
Colchis
.
St.
Clara
,
a
Disciple
of
St.
Francis
,
sets
up
a
new
Order
of
Nuns
.
To
Celestine
succeeded
Gregory
the
9.
who
sate
14.
years
:
He
Canonized
St.
Dominick
and
St.
Francis
,
and
forbad
the
Civil
Law
to
be
read
at
Paris
:
He
digested
the
5.
Books
of
Decretals
into
that
method
they
now
have
;
he
forbad
Lay-men
to
preach
.
Power
is
given
to
the
Archbishop
of
Mentz
to
consecrate
the
kings
of
Bohemia
,
which
continued
long
,
till
one
of
them
sold
that
priviledge
to
the
Church
of
Prague
.
To
Gregory
succeeded
Celestine
the
4.
who
sate
but
18.
dayes
;
then
followed
the
vacancy
of
one
year
nine
moneths
,
in
which
time
S.
Ferdinand
drives
the
Moors
almost
quite
out
of
Spain
;
having
obtained
both
the
kingdome
of
Castile
and
Legion
,
with
Corduba
and
Hispalis
,
he
erects
the
University
of
Salmatica
.
Innocent
the
4.
is
chosen
Pope
;
he
sate
11.
years
.
About
this
time
the
Bible
was
distinguished
into
Chapters
,
as
now
we
have
them
,
the
distinction
before
was
uncertain
.
Robert
Sorbona
,
a
Divine
,
founded
and
enriched
the
Colledge
of
Sorbon
at
Paris
.
To
Innocent
succeeded
Alexander
the
4.
who
sate
6.
years
;
he
reconciled
again
the
Greeks
and
Latines
in
the
Councel
of
Lions
.
CHAP.
III.
1.
Fredericks
posterity
.
2.
The
Affairs
of
the
Western
Empire
under
Rodulphus
,
and
others
.
3.
Of
France
,
England
,
Scotland
,
and
other
places
.
4.
Of
the
Popes
of
these
times
,
and
other
memorable
things
.
FRederick
the
second
,
before
his
death
,
had
made
his
Son
Conradus
king
of
of
the
Romans
and
of
Sicily
;
to
his
Son
Henry
,
whom
he
had
by
his
English
Lady
,
he
bequeathed
the
kingdome
of
Ierusalem
,
and
to
Manfred
the
government
of
Italy
.
Conradus
fell
furiously
upon
those
Towns
,
which
after
his
Fathers
death
revolted
to
Pope
Innocent
:
He
overthrew
Naples
after
eight
moneths
siege
,
driving
from
thence
all
the
Nobility
;
he
plundred
Capua
and
unwalled
it
,
and
burned
Aquinum
.
But
Manfred
aiming
at
the
Empire
of
Conradinus
being
now
of
years
,
and
having
raised
an
Army
of
Germans
,
with
whom
divers
Italian
Townes
joyned
:
Conradus
also
,
his
brother
,
Prince
of
Antioch
,
helped
him
to
recover
Sicily
;
the
Sarazens
likewise
assisted
him
;
all
Sicily
yielded
,
except
Panormus
,
Messina
,
and
Syracusa
.
Conradinus
after
this
,
fighting
with
Charles
,
is
defeated
and
taken
,
and
so
was
Frederick
Duke
of
Austria
,
both
whom
upon
the
Popes
perswasion
he
caused
to
be
beheaded
;
Nicolas
,
(
Charles
his
enemy
)
as
also
with
Iohn
Palaeologus
Emperour
of
Constantinople
,
(
who
had
lately
taken
Byzantium
from
the
French
)
and
with
Peter
king
of
Arragon
,
Manfreds
son-in-law
,
they
all
agree
to
cut
off
the
French
,
and
to
confer
Sicily
on
the
Arragonians
;
a
Fleet
for
this
purpose
is
prepared
by
both
kings
,
and
the
business
kept
close
for
two
years
together
,
till
the
very
hour
that
all
the
French
throughout
the
whole
Island
were
destroyed
,
as
it
were
,
in
a
moment
,
except
a
few
who
were
in
the
strong
Castle
of
Spirlinga
;
it
is
thought
,
that
in
the
space
of
two
hours
,
above
8000.
were
slain
by
the
Sicilians
,
who
spared
not
women
great
with
child
,
but
ript
up
their
bellies
,
and
William
the
Emperour
being
slain
,
ashe
was
preparing
an
Army
against
the
Frislanders
,
Germany
was
divided
into
Factions
about
a
new
Emperour
;
some
were
for
Richard
Earl
of
Cornwal
,
k.
Iohn
of
Englands
son
,
others
for
Alphonsus
king
of
Castile
,
both
had
made
parties
by
giving
large
bribes
,
and
both
are
nominated
;
Richard
,
by
the
Bishops
of
Mentz
,
Colen
,
and
the
Palatine
;
but
he
being
too
eager
and
violent
against
those
that
were
for
Alphonsus
,
and
having
run
himself
out
of
all
his
monies
by
his
too
much
bounty
,
.
is
forsaken
of
his
own
party
,
and
so
forced
to
return
to
England
.
Alphonsus
being
sent
for
into
Germany
by
his
own
party
,
to
wit
,
by
the
Bishop
of
Trevers
,
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
,
and
king
of
Bohemia
;
but
delighting
more
in
Mathematicks
then
in
Dominions
,
and
being
fearful
to
meddle
with
the
distracted
estate
of
Germany
,
staid
so
long
in
France
,
that
he
lost
both
the
Empire
and
his
own
kingdome
,
which
his
son
Sanciu
seised
on
;
therefore
he
returns
discontented
to
Sivil
,
where
with
grief
he
died
,
having
advanced
the
knowledge
of
Physick
and
Astronomy
,
to
his
great
charges
,
and
the
benefit
of
posterity
;
for
he
spent
above
40000.
Crowns
in
compiling
of
his
Tables
,
and
interpreting
of
Arabick
,
and
other
books
into
Latine
.
Germany
being
exposed
to
every
great
mans
violence
,
for
want
of
a
Head
,
and
both
Fredericks
faction
and
the
Popes
were
so
strong
there
,
that
no
man
durst
venture
to
meddle
with
the
Imperial
Government
:
Pope
Gregory
is
at
last
moved
with
the
afflictions
and
complaints
of
that
Countrey
,
so
that
he
gives
order
to
the
Electors
to
choose
them
a
king
of
the
Romans
,
otherwise
he
would
provide
one
for
them
:
When
they
met
at
Franckfort
,
they
unanimously
pitched
upon
Rodulphus
of
Habspurg
,
who
was
then
besieging
of
Basil
;
upon
the
news
of
his
Election
,
which
at
first
he
did
hardly
believe
,
he
makes
peace
with
the
Basilians
,
repairs
to
Aix
,
where
he
is
crowned
with
his
wife
Anna.
As
soon
as
he
was
setled
,
he
applyes
himself
to
compose
the
differences
of
Germany
;
complaint
was
made
against
Ottocar
king
of
Bohemia
,
for
invading
and
seising
upon
Austria
.
The
Hungarians
had
invaded
the
lower
,
and
the
Bavarians
upper
Austria
;
their
oppressions
were
such
,
that
the
people
resolved
to
invite
thither
,
either
Henry
Marquess
of
Mysnia
,
the
husband
of
Constarea
,
who
was
sister
to
Frederick
the
last
,
or
else
one
of
his
two
sons
.
Wenceslaus
king
of
Bohemia
perceiving
this
,
married
his
son
Ottocar
to
Margaret
the
Widow
,
who
had
born
two
sons
to
Henry
,
Frederick
the
Emperours
son
:
Upon
this
Match
,
Ottocar
pretending
a
Title
,
invades
Austria
,
which
he
did
not
long
enjoy
,
for
Rodolphus
the
Emperour
overthrew
him
,
brought
him
on
his
knees
,
and
took
Austria
from
him
,
which
he
bestowed
on
his
son
After
this
,
Ralph
forceth
the
Bernens
,
Helvetians
,
and
Burgundians
to
submit
to
him
,
and
having
in
fourteen
several
Battels
got
the
better
still
,
he
is
honoured
with
the
Title
of
VICTORIOUS
;
In
Thuringia
and
the
neighbouring
places
he
pulled
down
66.
Castles
of
the
Rebels
;
He
reigned
18.
years
,
in
all
that
time
he
never
saw
Italy
,
affirming
that
the
former
Emperours
went
thither
rejoycing
,
but
returned
sorrowing
:
He
bestowed
Romandiola
upon
the
Pope
;
He
sold
to
the
Bononians
,
Florentines
,
Genuois
,
and
Lucans
their
liberty
for
gold
;
He
destroyed
all
the
High-way
Robbers
in
Germany
,
29.
he
put
to
death
at
one
time
.
There
was
one
who
resembled
somewhat
Frederick
Duke
of
Suevia
,
who
was
beheaded
with
Conradinus
;
this
fellow
began
to
draw
people
into
Rebellion
,
so
that
the
Emperour
being
afraid
,
left
off
the
siege
of
Columbaria
,
and
made
shew
as
if
he
would
submit
to
this
new
Caesar
,
whose
knavery
when
he
found
out
,
he
caused
him
to
be
burnt
alive
.
But
the
Pope
fearing
his
greatness
,
renewes
the
Decree
for
recovering
the
Holy-Land
,
which
was
almost
gone
,
for
in
three
years
after
it
was
all
swallowed
up
by
the
Egyptians
.
He
also
set
out
an
Edict
for
the
defence
of
Italy
,
the
Sea-coast
of
which
,
for
want
of
Garrisons
,
was
exposed
to
Piracies
.
Another
order
he
publisheth
for
expelling
the
French
and
Spaniards
out
of
Sicily
and
Naples
;
and
if
the
Emperour
made
not
haste
to
reform
these
disorders
,
he
threatens
to
invade
Hetruria
and
the
Exarchal
or
Romandiola
in
Picenum
,
Flaminia
,
and
Aemilia
;
he
allowed
also
for
the
holy
Knights
,
the
fourth
part
of
the
yearly
Revenues
;
but
Ralph
not
being
willing
to
quarrel
with
the
Pope
,
parted
with
the
Exarchal
,
as
we
said
.
Ralph
the
Emperour
being
aged
and
sickly
,
calls
a
Diet
of
the
Princes
,
wherein
he
moved
that
his
son
Albert
might
be
his
Successor
;
but
not
prevailing
,
and
finding
himself
ill-disposed
,
removes
from
Frankfort
towards
Spire
,
saying
,
Let
us
go
to
the
other
Emperours
,
and
so
died
by
the
way
,
the
19.
year
of
his
Reign
,
and
was
buried
at
Spire
,
neer
Philip
of
Suevia
.
He
had
by
Anna
,
Albert
Duke
of
Austria
,
Ralph
Duke
of
Suevia
,
with
divers
other
sons
and
daughters
:
In
his
time
Ptolemais
was
onely
left
to
the
Christians
,
about
which
,
whilst
the
Patriarch
of
Ierusalem
,
the
kings
of
Cyprus
and
Sicily
,
the
Hospitallers
,
Templars
,
and
Teutonick
Knights
strived
for
superiority
,
Sultan
Melech
Sapherates
(
that
is
to
say
,
the
illustrious
King
)
besieged
it
two
moneths
,
the
Christians
within
not
being
able
to
hold
out
longer
,
got
away
privately
by
Sea
,
and
so
the
Town
was
utterly
destroyed
,
196.
years
after
the
Conquest
by
Godfrey
of
Bulloign
;
so
that
in
Asia
,
onely
Cilicia
,
now
called
Armenia
minor
,
retained
the
Christian
Profession
.
A
main
cause
of
our
losses
in
Phaenicia
,
and
the
Levant
,
was
the
quarrel
between
the
Venetians
and
Genuois
,
upon
suspition
that
Philip
of
Montferrat
Governour
of
Acre
or
Ptolemais
was
more
favourable
to
the
Venetians
then
the
Genuois
:
There
was
also
in
the
Town
a
Church
of
Saint
Saba
,
for
which
they
strove
;
the
Pope
understanding
this
difference
,
decreed
that
the
Church
should
be
common
to
them
both
;
whereupon
the
Genuois
got
into
it
first
,
filled
it
with
Souldiers
,
and
turned
it
into
a
Garrison
:
The
Venetians
hearing
of
this
,
in
a
rage
parted
from
Tyre
In
France
S.
Lewis
reforms
the
Laws
and
the
Judges
;
ordaines
that
all
blasphemers
and
profane
swearers
by
Gods
Name
,
should
be
burnt
in
the
forehead
with
a
hot
iron
,
wishing
he
might
be
so
burnt
himself
,
conditionally
he
might
purge
his
kingdome
of
that
hainous
sin
:
He
built
and
finished
divers
Religious
Houses
,
as
that
of
the
Iacobins
at
Paris
,
of
the
Cordaliers
,
of
the
Carthusians
,
and
others
:
he
married
his
son
Philip
to
the
Infanta
Elizabeth
,
daughter
to
Iames
king
of
Arragon
;
he
reconciled
the
difference
that
was
between
the
children
of
Margaret
Countess
of
Flanders
.
Having
setled
his
kingdome
and
house
,
he
goeth
on
Ship-board
at
Marsiles
,
with
his
three
sons
,
Philip
,
Iohn
and
Syria
.
Tunis
being
now
besieged
by
Italians
,
French
,
and
English
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
the
Moors
within
,
who
used
to
make
daily
sallies
before
,
do
now
begin
to
faint
and
yield
;
the
Christians
being
weary
and
sickly
,
yielded
to
a
peace
,
that
the
Barbarous
king
should
permit
the
Gospel
to
be
freely
taught
through
all
his
Dominions
,
and
that
he
should
pay
yearly
to
the
king
of
Sicily
40000.
Ducats
,
which
was
the
sum
due
from
Sicily
to
the
Pope
:
After
this
,
the
Christians
resolve
to
go
for
Sicily
,
there
to
refresh
themselves
with
the
change
of
aire
,
but
they
were
surprised
by
the
way
with
such
a
storm
,
that
all
their
Ships
were
scattered
sundry
wayes
,
and
many
of
them
sunk
and
torn
;
besides
,
the
Plague
was
so
hot
amongst
them
,
that
they
resolved
every
man
to
his
own
home
,
and
to
give
off
their
voyage
intended
for
the
Holy-Land
.
To
Saint
Lewis
succeeded
his
son
Philip
the
third
,
sirnamed
the
Bold
:
the
next
year
after
his
return
from
Africk
he
was
crowned
at
Rhemes
;
he
made
Peter
de
la
Broche
,
who
accused
the
Queen
,
Philips
second
wife
,
of
the
murther
,
as
if
she
had
done
it
,
that
her
children
might
succeed
to
the
Crown
:
The
King
sends
to
an
old
Wizard
in
Brabant
,
famous
for
divination
,
who
excused
the
Queen
,
and
laid
the
blame
on
La
Broche
,
whom
upon
this
he
caused
to
be
hanged
.
He
reduced
the
Gascoigns
:
He
raised
a
great
Army
against
Arragon
,
whose
King
Peter
had
seised
upon
Sicily
,
and
was
excommunicate
by
the
Pope
,
and
his
Philip
Valois
,
king
Philips
son
.
At
the
siege
of
Gerunda
,
which
Philip
took
,
Peter
was
killed
;
but
Roger
Admiral
of
the
Arragonian
Fleet
falls
unexpectedly
on
the
French
,
as
they
were
removing
thence
,
because
of
the
Plague
,
and
sets
both
the
Town
and
Fleet
on
fire
,
and
so
they
make
their
way
through
the
Pyrenaean
Straits
with
their
swords
.
Philip
at
this
news
fell
sick
and
died
at
Perpinianum
,
or
Parpignan
,
and
was
buried
at
S.
Denis
.
This
year
was
famous
for
the
death
of
three
Kings
,
namely
,
of
Charles
King
of
Sicily
,
Charles
Valois
;
of
his
second
wife
Mary
the
Brabantine
,
he
left
Lewis
alive
.
Philip
the
Fair
had
almost
continual
wars
with
England
and
Flanders
,
that
were
Confederates
:
by
his
brother
Charles
Valois
,
he
defeated
the
Forces
of
Edward
the
Second
,
and
recovered
Gascoign
.
Guy
Earl
of
Flanders
,
who
took
part
with
Edward
,
was
overthrown
with
him
at
Turnae
by
the
same
Valois
,
and
Robert
,
Guy's
eldest
son
,
for
the
Father
was
dead
in
France
.
About
this
time
,
Cassan
the
Tartarian
Prince
,
who
was
become
Christian
,
having
defeated
the
Persians
,
and
chased
the
Sultan
out
of
Syria
,
writes
to
the
Pope
and
French
king
for
their
aide
,
and
alliance
with
the
Latine
Princes
,
for
recovering
of
Ierusalem
:
Upon
this
,
Pope
Boniface
the
8.
sends
menacing
Letters
to
Philip
,
to
promote
with
all
speed
this
Expedition
:
which
Letters
the
king
slighted
,
and
withall
imprisoned
the
Bishop
of
Palmiers
(
which
place
he
had
lately
erected
into
a
Bishoprick
for
the
Province
of
Narbon
)
for
holding
correspondency
with
the
Pope
against
him
;
and
forbids
any
of
his
Clergy
to
repair
to
the
Councel
which
the
Pope
had
call'd
:
Hereupon
he
is
excommunicated
,
and
his
Subjects
absolved
from
their
Allegiance
;
so
that
the
king
was
forced
to
set
the
Bishop
at
liberty
.
But
Boniface
not
yet
contented
stirs
up
Albert
Duke
of
Austria
,
elected
Emperour
,
to
invade
France
;
but
he
stirred
not
:
He
solliciteth
also
the
king
of
England
,
but
he
could
not
,
being
imployed
in
his
Scottish
wars
.
Philip
sends
an
Embassador
to
the
Pope
to
be
reconciled
;
the
French
Clergy
send
also
three
Deputies
in
their
names
to
excuse
their
not
waiting
on
his
Holiness
at
the
Councel
;
In
the
mean
while
the
Pope
was
seised
on
at
Anagnis
,
a
City
of
Abruzzo
,
by
Sciarra
Coloness
,
a
Bandito
of
Rome
,
by
the
French
Kings
aide
,
and
carried
to
Rome
,
where
he
died
In
England
,
king
Henry
the
third
hearing
of
St.
Lewis
his
captivity
,
and
that
he
was
willing
to
resign
Normandy
,
if
Henry
would
come
to
his
rescue
;
Upon
this
,
he
presently
undertakes
the
Cross
,
and
demands
the
Tenth
of
his
Clergy
and
Laity
,
for
defraying
of
the
charges
,
exhorting
the
people
to
attend
him
;
but
he
found
the
Londoners
backward
;
a
Parliament
is
called
,
in
which
the
demanded
Tenth
is
denied
by
the
Bishops
and
Lords
;
but
such
were
the
kings
wants
,
and
Gascoign
was
upon
revolt
,
that
another
Parliament
is
called
,
and
a
Tenth
is
granted
by
the
Clergy
for
three
years
,
and
Scutage
three
Marks
of
every
knights
fee
by
the
Laity
for
that
year
.
The
king
resumes
Gascoign
from
his
brother
Richard
,
who
had
possessed
it
now
27.
years
,
and
gave
it
to
his
eldest
Son
Edward
.
Richard
was
unwilling
to
part
with
his
possession
,
and
so
were
the
Gascoigns
to
part
with
him
:
Whereupon
Simon
Monfort
Earl
of
Chester
,
a
stern
man
,
is
sent
with
a
Charter
for
6.
years
,
to
curb
them
.
Three
years
after
the
Gascoigns
accuse
him
of
Tyranny
;
the
king
sends
for
him
,
but
he
being
supported
by
the
Nobility
,
contests
with
the
king
,
who
is
fain
to
send
him
back
again
to
his
charge
,
with
promise
to
the
Gascoigns
,
that
Prince
Edward
should
come
shortly
after
;
but
Monfort
tyrannizeth
more
then
ever
;
wherefore
Henry
goes
over
into
Gascoign
with
300.
Ships
,
and
deposeth
Monfort
;
and
because
the
Gascoigns
had
put
themselves
under
the
protection
of
the
king
of
Spain
,
who
claimed
Title
to
Aquitane
,
Henry
proposeth
a
Match
between
his
son
Edward
,
and
Elinor
the
Spaniards
sister
;
The
Marriage
is
agreed
upon
and
solemnised
at
Burgos
,
where
the
king
of
Spain
knights
the
Prince
,
and
quits
his
claim
to
Aquitane
.
Henry
invests
the
Prince
and
his
wife
therein
,
and
gives
besides
to
him
Ireland
,
Wales
,
Bristol
,
Stamford
,
and
Grantham
.
After
this
,
king
Henry
returns
homeward
by
Paris
,
with
one
thousand
Horse
,
and
is
feasted
by
Saint
Lewis
lately
returned
from
captivity
.
Upon
king
Henry's
arrival
into
England
,
he
fines
the
Londoners
,
though
they
had
presented
him
with
a
hundred
pound
in
mony
,
and
two
hundred
pound
in
plate
.
After
this
,
Elinor
the
Princes
wife
arrives
with
a
great
Train
.
There
comes
also
from
the
Pope
Alexander
the
Fourth
,
the
Bishop
of
Bononia
,
with
a
proffer
of
Sicily
to
Edmond
the
kings
second
son
.
Then
comes
Rustandus
with
power
to
collect
the
tenth
of
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
which
is
denied
him
;
he
comes
also
with
power
to
absolve
the
king
from
his
Oath
for
the
Holy
War
,
if
he
would
destroy
Manfred
son
to
Frederick
the
Emperor
,
now
king
of
Sicily
and
Apulia
;
but
the
Apulians
angry
that
the
Pope
should
give
away
their
Land
to
a
stranger
;
help
Manfred
to
defeat
the
Popes
forces
.
In
the
mean
while
,
Richard
Earl
of
Cornwal
is
elected
King
of
the
Romans
,
and
crowned
at
Aix
.
King
Henry
demands
a
Tax
for
attaining
the
kingdome
of
Sicily
for
his
son
Edmund
;
two
and
fifty
thousand
Marks
are
granted
;
but
this
contents
him
not
,
he
demands
a
greater
summe
,
which
is
denied
him
.
Hereupon
Prince
Edward
is
fain
to
mortgage
Stamford
,
and
other
Towns
,
to
William
de
Valence
,
to
supply
the
Kings
wants
.
After
this
a
Parliament
is
called
at
Oxford
,
called
the
Mad
Parliament
,
where
many
wrongs
are
complained
of
,
and
many
things
established
tending
to
the
weakning
of
the
Kings
Prerogative
:
Twelve
Peers
are
chosen
,
whereof
the
Earls
of
Leicester
and
Gloucester
were
chief
,
to
whom
power
was
given
to
maintain
the
Laws
made
lately
,
which
were
ratified
by
the
King
unwillingly
;
but
he
being
displeased
that
the
twelve
Peers
should
remove
from
him
most
of
his
chief
Servants
,
calls
another
Parliament
,
where
he
complains
of
this
wrong
;
but
they
so
little
regarded
the
kings
displeasure
,
that
they
ratified
the
Laws
formerly
concluded
on
:
This
made
the
King
comply
with
France
and
Scotland
for
aide
.
He
resigns
Normandy
,
with
the
Lordships
of
Anjou
,
Poytiers
,
and
Mayn
,
to
Lewis
;
in
Roger
Mortimer
,
who
counselled
the
King
to
withstand
them
.
The
Prince
levieth
another
Army
,
which
is
beat
by
the
Barons
,
who
remain
Masters
of
the
Field
.
After
this
Victory
,
they
are
joyfully
received
at
London
;
and
two
Constables
elected
by
some
Citizens
gathered
a
multitude
together
,
who
spoiled
the
houses
of
Richard
King
of
the
Romans
,
lately
returned
from
Germany
,
whom
the
Barons
forced
to
swear
to
maintain
their
cause
:
But
now
he
becomes
their
enemy
,
who
before
was
mediating
a
peace
.
The
King
in
the
interim
surpriseth
Northampton
,
and
in
it
Sir
Peter
Montfort
,
and
Simon
,
Leicesters
eldest
son
,
who
had
raised
an
Army
thereabout
for
the
Barons
.
Another
Battel
after
this
was
fought
neer
Lewis
in
Sussex
,
where
the
King
with
his
brother
Richard
,
Prince
Edward
,
with
many
Knights
and
Gentlemen
are
taken
prisoners
,
and
more
then
20000.
slain
.
After
this
,
a
peace
is
made
,
and
agreed
that
the
King
should
confirm
the
twelve
Peers
authority
;
which
being
granted
,
the
two
Kings
are
set
at
liberty
,
and
their
two
sons
left
for
Hostages
with
the
Barons
,
who
send
them
to
Dover
Castle
.
Then
did
the
King
call
a
Parliament
,
in
which
he
swore
to
maintain
the
Barons
rights
,
untill
they
should
be
reformed
,
if
any
thing
were
amiss
.
Hereupon
the
Princes
were
enlarged
.
Shortly
after
the
two
heads
of
the
Faction
,
Leicester
and
Gloucester
,
did
jarre
about
these
Ordinances
.
Prince
Edward
,
upon
this
,
with
Gloucester
,
Warrein
,
and
Sir
Roger
Mortimer
Hugh
Spencer
,
with
many
other
prime
men
were
slain
;
the
Earls
carkass
was
inhumanely
mangled
by
the
Souldiers
,
who
cut
off
his
head
,
hands
,
feet
,
and
privy
members
.
Upon
this
Victory
,
the
King
calls
a
Parliament
,
in
which
he
recovers
his
former
power
,
and
the
Barons
utterly
lost
theirs
:
The
King
also
instigated
by
his
brother
Richard
,
resolved
to
consume
London
with
fire
;
but
the
Citizens
came
humbly
submitting
their
lands
,
goods
,
and
lives
to
his
mercy
;
but
he
was
so
implacable
,
that
he
would
not
hearken
to
them
,
nor
to
any
for
them
,
till
at
last
the
Prince
mediated
in
their
behalf
,
and
so
the
King
was
content
with
a
fine
of
one
thousand
Marks
;
he
pardoned
also
the
Cinque-ports
,
for
their
robbing
at
Sea
,
during
the
troubles
.
But
the
Earl
of
Glouoester
,
who
by
his
revolt
from
the
Barons
,
had
furthered
the
kings
good
success
,
being
slighted
for
all
his
good
service
,
grew
desperate
,
goeth
to
London
,
and
there
the
rascality
flock
to
him
,
and
having
committed
divers
outrages
,
falls
upon
the
Kings
house
at
Westminster
,
which
they
ransack
and
plunder
;
but
the
Prince
again
interceded
both
for
the
Earl
,
and
the
other
offenders
:
The
Earle
desirous
to
be
imployed
,
requests
that
he
might
be
sent
with
an
Army
to
the
Holy-Land
,
which
was
granted
,
because
the
K.
was
willing
to
be
rid
of
him
;
but
he
using
too
long
delayes
,
lost
this
opportunity
,
which
was
laid
hold
upon
by
Prince
Edward
,
who
conducted
the
Army
into
the
Holy-Land
,
where
he
did
brave
service
,
and
raised
the
siege
of
Acon
;
he
was
traiterously
wounded
with
a
poisoned
knife
by
a
Sarazen
,
but
recovered
.
His
Cousin
Henry
,
son
to
the
king
of
the
Romans
,
was
slain
in
the
Church
of
Viterbo
in
time
of
divine
Service
,
by
his
own
cousin-german
Guy
de
Montfort
son
to
Simon
Earl
of
Leicester
,
in
revenge
of
his
fathers
death
:
king
Richard
died
shortly
after
;
and
the
next
year
following
k.
Henry
the
3.
departed
this
life
,
the
65.
year
of
his
age
,
and
the
57.
To
Henry
succeeds
his
Son
Edward
,
being
now
in
Syria
,
who
three
years
after
his
departure
from
England
,
begins
his
voyage
homewards
;
he
lands
in
Sicily
,
where
he
is
royally
feasted
by
Charles
King
thereof
;
he
is
also
in
Italy
honourably
used
by
the
Pope
and
Princes
;
and
in
France
entertained
by
Philip
the
third
,
to
whom
he
did
homage
for
his
lands
held
of
that
Crown
;
at
last
arrives
in
England
after
six
years
from
his
setting
out
:
Alexander
King
of
Scots
,
and
Iohn
Duke
of
Brittain
were
present
at
his
Coronation
:
He
began
betimes
to
clip
the
Clergies
wings
,
by
causing
the
Statute
of
Mortmain
to
be
enacted
,
against
which
afterward
the
Clergy
petitioned
the
King
,
when
they
had
raised
him
a
great
sum
of
money
,
but
they
were
not
heard
:
he
abridged
also
divers
Monasteries
of
their
Liberties
,
and
took
from
the
Abbot
of
Westminster
the
Return
of
Writs
granted
him
by
King
Henry
the
3.
He
resolves
to
subdue
Wales
which
had
alwayes
been
a
receptacle
for
the
English
Rebels
:
he
summons
Leolin
their
Prince
to
be
present
at
the
Parliament
who
refused
,
therefore
he
enters
Wales
with
fire
and
sword
,
and
forceth
Leolin
to
sue
for
peace
,
which
he
had
,
paying
a
Fine
of
50000
lib.
and
1000
lib.
per
ann
.
but
withall
delivers
him
Elinor
,
Simon
Monforts
daughter
Earle
of
Leicester
,
with
whom
he
was
in
love
,
she
comming
from
France
was
taken
at
Sea
;
yet
for
all
this
,
within
three
years
he
rebels
again
with
his
brother
David
,
on
whom
the
King
had
bestowed
divers
graces
;
an
Army
is
raised
against
him
,
Leolin
is
slain
in
the
battell
,
and
his
head
is
sent
to
King
Edward
,
who
caused
it
to
be
crowned
with
Ivie
,
and
set
upon
the
Tower
of
London
:
thus
ends
the
last
of
the
Welch
Princes
;
his
brother
David
is
apprehended
,
drawn
at
a
horses
tail
about
the
City
of
Shrewsbury
,
then
beheaded
,
his
heart
and
bowels
burnt
,
his
head
sent
to
the
Tower
,
and
his
four
quarters
to
Bristol
,
Northampton
,
York
,
and
Winchester
.
In
this
interim
Alphonsus
the
Kings
eldest
Son
twelve
years
old
dyeth
,
so
Edward
born
at
Carnarvan
is
heir
of
the
Crown
,
and
first
of
the
English
who
was
stiled
Prince
of
Wales
.
After
this
,
King
Edward
at
the
death
of
Philip
the
Bold
,
passes
over
into
France
,
there
to
do
homage
to
the
new
King
Philip
the
fourth
for
Aquitain
;
then
he
reconciles
the
King
of
Arragon
Stamford
,
Waltham
,
West-cheap
,
Charing
,
and
elsewhere
in
memory
of
her
,
with
her
statue
thereon
.
After
this
,
he
returns
to
the
North
,
and
by
his
means
Baliol
is
made
king
of
Scots
,
who
afterward
upon
an
affront
offered
him
in
the
Court
of
England
,
defies
king
Edward
,
so
a
long
War
begins
;
king
Edward
enters
into
a
League
with
Guy
Earle
of
Flanders
,
with
Adolph
the
Emperour
,
to
whom
he
William
Wallas
▪
had
almost
regained
that
Kingdome
,
makes
a
new
invasion
,
and
defeats
the
Scots
in
a
great
battel
at
Tonkirk
;
during
this
time
,
the
Exchequer
In
Scotland
,
Robert
Abbot
of
Dumferling
.
was
removed
by
King
Alexander
the
third
from
his
Chancellorship
,
for
legitimating
the
bastard
daughter
of
King
Alexander
Stewart
grandfather
to
him
who
was
first
of
that
name
King
of
Scotland
,
was
sent
with
an
Army
;
he
after
a
long
skirmish
defeats
the
Danes
,
kills
sixteen
thousand
on
the
place
,
and
drives
the
rest
on
ship-board
,
all
the
ships
were
cast
away
on
the
Isles
of
Orkney
by
storms
,
except
four
which
came
safe
home
to
Norway
;
shortly
after
this
king
Acho
died
of
grief
;
his
Son
Magnus
was
glad
to
make
peace
with
the
Scots
,
and
resign
all
his
right
in
the
Western
Islands
,
for
which
he
was
to
receive
4000
marks
presently
and
a
hundred
marks
yearly
,
besides
a
match
is
made
between
Margaret
king
Alexanders
daughter
,
and
Hangonan
king
Magnus
his
Son
:
about
this
time
king
Alexander
took
the
Isle
of
Man
,
it
was
there
agreed
that
it
should
be
under
the
protection
of
Scotland
,
and
that
the
king
of
Man
should
furnish
the
Scots
with
ten
ships
when
he
should
be
required
:
After
this
,
Alexander
sends
five
thousand
Scots
to
aid
king
Henry
against
his
Barons
in
England
,
where
most
were
killed
,
the
rest
taken
prisoners
.
At
that
time
there
was
great
emulation
in
Scotland
between
the
Nobility
and
Clergy
,
whose
wealth
and
power
was
much
envied
;
complaints
of
wrongs
done
by
some
young
Lords
to
the
Clergy
were
brought
to
Alexander
,
which
he
slighted
;
but
the
Clergy
threatning
to
complain
to
the
Pope
,
king
Alexander
was
forced
to
comply
with
them
,
for
avoiding
further
trouble
,
and
caused
satisfaction
to
be
made
them
;
in
the
interim
a
Legate
from
the
Pope
comes
to
collect
money
for
the
Holy
War
,
but
he
was
not
suffered
to
enter
the
kingdome
,
and
answer
was
made
him
,
that
the
king
would
himself
raise
money
,
and
send
Souldiers
to
Syria
;
therefore
an
Army
is
sent
under
the
Earles
of
Carrie
and
Athol
to
the
French
king
Lewis
,
&
to
the
Pope
a
thousand
marks
.
Not
long
after
,
the
king
lost
his
wife
,
and
both
his
sons
;
first
David
,
and
then
Alexander
,
who
had
married
the
Earl
of
Flanders
daughter
:
Margaret
also
his
daughter
the
Queen
of
Norway
died
,
who
left
one
daughter
,
called
the
Maid
of
Norway
,
By
his
second
wife
the
Earl
of
Drux
his
daughter
in
France
,
he
had
no
issue
;
for
the
same
year
of
his
second
marriage
,
he
fell
from
his
Horse
neer
Kingorne
,
and
dyed
the
five
and
After
Alexanders
death
,
Six
Governours
are
set
over
the
kingdome
,
three
for
the
South-side
,
and
three
for
the
North-side
of
Forth
.
In
the
mean
time
,
King
Edward
finding
an
opportunity
to
unite
the
two
kingdomes
,
sends
Ambassadours
into
Scotland
,
with
Propositions
of
a
match
between
his
Son
and
the
Maid
of
Norway
,
Inheritrix
of
Scotland
;
the
match
is
agreed
on
,
and
Ambassadours
sent
to
Norway
to
bring
away
the
young
Queen
;
but
she
was
dead
before
they
came
,
to
the
great
trouble
of
England
,
and
almost
the
ruine
of
Scotland
,
which
was
torn
into
many
factions
by
divers
Competitor
;
the
two
chief
of
which
were
Iohn
Balliol
and
Robert
Bruce
;
Iohn
had
the
better
right
,
but
Robert
the
most
affections
,
and
both
strong
parties
to
side
with
them
;
Bruce
had
lands
in
England
,
Balliol
in
France
,
and
both
had
great
possessions
in
Scotland
:
To
avoid
civil
wars
,
the
controversie
by
generall
consent
is
referred
to
king
Edward
of
England
,
both
,
because
of
his
fathers
affection
and
alliance
to
Scotland
,
and
of
his
own
desire
to
have
renewed
this
affinity
with
a
new
match
:
King
Edward
upon
this
comes
to
Barwick
,
cals
the
Nobility
thither
,
not
as
Subjects
,
but
as
Friends
;
they
sent
their
Deputies
;
He
first
swears
the
Competitors
to
stand
to
their
award
,
then
he
swears
the
Peers
to
obey
him
that
should
be
named
king
;
this
oath
he
caused
to
be
ratified
by
their
Hands
and
Seals
;
then
he
chooseth
out
twelve
prime
men
of
Scotland
,
as
many
of
England
,
whom
he
swears
to
give
their
Verdict
justly
and
sincerely
;
the
chief
Lawyers
of
France
are
sent
to
,
for
their
opinion
in
this
difficulty
,
but
their
answer
was
not
satisfactory
:
the
twenty
four
were
enclosed
in
a
Church
alone
,
to
determine
the
controversie
;
in
the
mean
while
Edward
deals
with
Bruce
apart
,
whose
title
was
weakest
,
and
proffers
him
the
Kingdome
,
if
he
would
become
his
Vassal
,
which
he
refused
;
then
he
deals
with
Balliol
,
who
accepts
the
proffer
;
so
Balliol
six
years
and
nine
moneths
after
Alexanders
death
is
declared
king
of
Scotland
,
and
crowned
at
Score
;
but
Bruce
and
divers
others
refused
to
swear
Allegiance
to
him
,
who
repairs
to
King
Edward
at
New-Castle
,
to
whom
as
he
promised
,
swears
Fealty
,
to
the
great
grief
of
the
Lords
,
who
could
not
now
tell
how
to
help
it
:
But
not
long
after
,
the
Earle
of
Fifes
brother
having
his
lands
wrongfully
given
away
by
Balliol
,
and
his
brother
murthered
by
the
Abernethies
without
justice
,
appears
to
king
Edward
sitting
then
in
Parliament
:
Balliol
was
called
upon
to
answer
to
his
accusation
,
and
to
come
down
to
the
Bar
,
(
for
he
sate
next
the
king
)
at
which
indignity
he
so
stormed
,
that
he
went
home
,
cals
a
Parliament
,
at
which
were
present
Ambassadors
from
France
,
desiring
a
renovation
of
the
old
League
;
and
also
from
England
,
demanding
assistance
against
the
French
according
to
their
allegiance
.
The
French
League
was
preferred
and
renewed
,
being
at
that
time
of
five
hundred
years
continuance
;
and
the
English
allegiance
rejected
,
as
being
extorted
from
a
king
without
consent
of
his
Parliament
.
Upon
this
,
a
defiance
is
sent
to
king
Edward
,
who
having
a
Fleet
ready
,
intended
for
France
,
sends
it
to
Scotland
,
which
the
Scots
overthrew
in
the
mouth
of
the
river
toward
Barwick
:
this
so
exasperated
king
Edward
,
that
he
invites
Bruce
to
accept
of
the
kingdome
,
and
withall
besiegeth
Barwick
,
which
after
a
long
siege
by
a
slight
was
taken
;
for
king
Edward
making
shew
of
a
retreat
,
the
Town-gates
were
openopened
,
the
souldiers
went
out
to
refresh
themselves
;
in
the
interim
,
the
English
Horse
return
suddenly
,
enter
the
town
and
put
all
to
the
sword
:
then
he
besiegeth
Dunbar
and
takes
it
,
and
defeats
the
Scots
army
that
came
to
relieve
it
:
Upon
this
Edinburgh
and
Sterlin
are
surrendered
;
at
last
,
Balliol
submits
himself
and
kingdome
to
Edward
:
who
sends
him
by
sea
into
England
,
and
causeth
the
Scots
Lords
to
swear
Fealty
again
to
him
:
Balliol
is
imprisoned
,
the
fourth
year
after
he
was
crowned
,
but
upon
the
Popes
intreaty
is
sent
into
France
,
whither
king
Edward
also
went
with
a
great
army
.
In
this
mean
space
Iohn
Cumin
Earle
of
Buchan
is
sent
by
the
Scots
with
forces
into
England
,
who
with
Fire
and
Sword
fall
upon
Cumberland
and
Northumberland
;
Wallas
also
,
a
private
man
,
but
well
descended
,
of
a
high
spirit
,
and
strong
body
,
pittying
his
countries
sad
condition
,
gathers
an
army
together
,
and
assaults
the
English
Garrisons
beyond
Forth
,
which
he
took
in
;
then
fights
Crassingham
(
whom
king
Edward
had
left
to
be
Treasurer
of
Scotland
)
defeats
his
forces
by
Sterlin
,
and
with
his
army
enters
England
,
where
he
stayed
without
opposition
three
moneths
,
and
returns
home
with
much
bootie
.
Upon
the
report
of
these
proceedings
,
king
Edward
hasteneth
out
of
France
,
raiseth
a
great
army
,
and
marcheth
to
Stammor
or
Stainsmoore
;
the
English
seeing
the
carriage
of
Wallas
and
his
Captains
,
with
the
order
of
his
army
,
which
consisted
of
30000.
retreated
without
fighting
;
Wallas
fearing
some
treachery
did
not
pursue
;
Hereupon
,
the
Scots
Lords
who
held
for
King
Edward
,
envying
Wallas
his
valour
and
successe
,
gave
out
that
he
aimed
to
be
King
himself
,
and
that
it
were
better
for
the
Scots
to
be
subject
to
king
Edward
,
then
to
a
new
upstart
;
besides
,
the
Scots
army
began
to
mutiny
among
themselves
,
which
was
the
cause
of
their
overthrow
six
miles
from
Sterling
;
in
which
conflict
ten
thousand
Scots
were
slaine
:
Wallas
upon
this
dismisseth
his
forces
,
and
king
Edward
returns
into
England
.
The
Scots
that
stood
upon
their
liberty
,
send
to
king
Philip
of
France
to
mediate
for
a
peace
with
King
Edward
,
which
was
granted
for
seven
moneths
;
during
which
time
,
the
Ambassadors
that
were
sent
to
Pope
Boniface
the
eighth
were
intercepted
by
the
English
and
imprisoned
;
this
with
some
other
wrongs
incensed
the
Scots
again
,
who
drove
all
the
English
,
and
Scots
that
were
for
King
Edward
,
out
of
their
Garrisons
:
another
army
is
sent
into
Scotland
,
which
being
divided
into
three
bodies
,
were
all
three
defeated
in
one
day
by
an
army
of
eight
thousand
Scots
;
which
so
enraged
Scotland
.
Wallas
keeps
himself
in
safe
places
,
till
he
was
betrayed
by
his
friend
Montieth
to
king
Edward
,
who
caused
him
to
be
put
to
death
in
London
,
and
his
quarters
to
be
dispersed
to
divers
parts
of
both
Kingdomes
.
King
Edward
now
thought
all
sure
;
but
he
found
afterward
that
he
had
to
to
doe
with
a
slippery
Kingdome
,
which
he
could
not
long
hold
:
For
Robert
Bruce
the
son
of
Balliols
competitor
,
and
Iohn
Cumin
Balliols
Cousin-german
,
taking
the
oath
of
secresie
from
each
other
,
combine
to
revolt
;
they
agree
that
Bruce
should
be
King
,
and
Cumin
next
in
dignity
;
and
should
also
enjoy
all
Bruces
possessions
,
which
were
very
great
;
yet
Cumin
repenting
of
his
bargain
reveals
the
Plot
to
king
Edward
,
who
resolves
when
opportunity
served
,
to
have
him
questioned
for
high
treason
:
Earle
Gomer
or
Glocester
,
Bruces
old
friend
,
advertiseth
him
of
his
danger
,
not
by
word
or
writing
,
for
he
durst
not
,
but
by
sending
him
a
pair
of
gilt
Spurs
with
some
money
by
his
servant
,
pretending
he
had
borrowed
these
of
him
:
Bruce
understanding
the
meaning
,
causeth
three
Horses
presently
to
be
shod
backward
,
that
in
the
Snow
the
tracks
might
not
be
known
,
and
with
his
two
servants
rides
post
into
Scotland
,
where
by
the
way
he
intercepts
Cumins
Letters
going
to
King
Edward
,
in
which
he
found
,
that
Cumin
did
instigate
the
King
to
dispatch
Bruce
,
with
what
speed
he
could
,
for
he
was
a
dangerous
and
active
man
,
popular
and
potent
in
Scotland
:
Upon
this
Bruce
goeth
to
finde
out
Cumin
,
who
was
then
in
the
Gray-Friers
Church
at
Dumfrise
,
and
sheweth
him
his
own
Letters
,
which
In
Rome
,
Alexander
the
Fourth
was
Pope
six
years
;
in
whose
time
Daniel
Duke
of
Russia
made
the
Popes
Legate
in
Polonia
believe
,
that
he
and
his
Countrey
would
be
of
the
Romish
communion
,
and
would
maintain
the
Christian
Religion
against
the
Tartars
,
whose
power
was
grown
formidable
to
the
Christian
Princes
;
but
as
soon
as
he
obtained
what
he
sought
for
,
to
wit
,
the
Crown
and
Title
of
King
,
he
continued
in
the
Greek
communion
.
To
Alexander
succeeded
Urban
the
fourth
,
a
Coblers
son
;
he
sate
three
years
;
he
ordained
Corpus
Christi
day
:
In
his
time
Byzantium
was
taken
with
eight
hundred
men
,
by
Palaeologus
,
from
the
Latines
,
in
whose
Family
it
continued
almost
two
hundred
years
,
till
it
was
taken
by
Mahumet
the
Turk
.
To
Urban
succeeded
Clemens
the
fourth
;
he
was
Pope
three
years
,
and
had
two
daughters
by
his
wife
,
who
was
now
dead
.
After
two
years
and
nine
moneths
vacancy
Gregory
the
tenth
was
elected
,
who
sate
four
years
;
he
ordained
the
use
of
the
Conclave
in
the
Election
of
the
Pope
,
to
prevent
future
vacancies
;
for
the
Cardinals
must
not
go
out
of
the
Conclave
,
till
they
have
chosen
a
Pope
:
He
ordained
in
the
Councel
of
Lions
,
that
none
should
undertake
the
Thomas
Aquinas
,
being
fifty
years
of
age
;
and
the
Whipping
Hereticks
arose
,
who
preferred
their
Whipping
to
Martyrdome
.
Pope
Innocent
the
fifth
succeeded
,
he
sate
six
moneths
;
he
was
the
first
Pope
of
the
Praedicants
Order
.
Adrian
the
fifth
succeeded
,
who
sate
but
one
moneth
and
nine
dayes
;
he
died
before
his
Consecration
,
and
revoked
the
Decree
of
the
Conclave
,
which
revocation
was
confirmed
by
his
Successor
Iohn
the
one
and
twentieth
;
and
so
without
the
Conclave
were
elected
Nicholaus
the
third
,
Martin
the
fourth
,
Honorius
the
fourth
,
Nicholaus
the
fourth
,
Celestine
the
fifth
,
who
renewed
the
Conclave
,
and
Boniface
the
eighth
confirms
it
.
Iohn
the
twenty
one
,
or
as
some
say
,
twenty
two
,
sate
eight
moneths
:
To
him
succeeded
Nicholaus
the
third
,
who
sate
three
years
,
eight
moneths
:
In
his
time
the
Turks
,
after
they
had
been
suppressed
by
the
Tartars
,
gather
new
strength
,
and
invade
the
remainders
of
the
Greek
Empire
.
Pope
Martin
the
fourth
succeeded
four
years
.
Honorius
the
fourth
followed
two
years
;
he
confirmed
the
Carmelites
Savoy
.
Nicholaus
the
fourth
succeeded
four
years
;
he
was
the
first
Pope
of
the
Franciscans
.
To
him
Celestine
the
fifth
succeeded
five
moneths
,
who
was
deluded
by
a
voice
through
a
Cane
,
as
if
it
had
been
from
Heaven
,
willing
him
to
resign
his
Pontificat
to
Boniface
:
he
decreed
,
that
the
Popes
and
Cardinals
should
ride
on
Asses
,
as
Christ
did
,
and
not
on
Mules
and
Horses
;
he
openly
in
the
Consistory
laid
down
his
Mitre
,
Rings
and
Sandals
,
and
so
resigned
his
Pontificat
to
Boniface
the
eight
,
who
came
in
as
a
Fox
,
reigned
like
a
Lion
,
and
died
like
a
Dog
in
prison
;
he
Canonized
S.
Lewis
;
and
ordained
the
Jubilee
to
be
every
hundreth
year
:
In
his
time
the
streets
of
Paris
were
overflowed
with
the
Sein
,
so
that
there
was
no
passage
through
them
without
boats
:
He
put
on
both
the
Pontifical
and
Princely
habit
,
causing
two
swords
to
be
carried
before
him
.
The
Tartars
imbrace
Mahumetanism
,
and
so
lost
both
Christianity
,
and
Asia
together
.
Hence
the
Ottomans
began
to
flourish
.
Selymus
the
Turk
married
with
the
daughter
of
the
Prince
of
the
Precopit
Tartars
,
who
seated
themselves
in
Taurica
Chersonesus
.
This
Match
produced
Solyman
.
And
much
about
the
rising
of
the
Ottoman
Family
,
arose
the
House
of
Austria
.
CHAP.
IV.
1.
The
Eastern
Affairs
under
Michael
Palaeologus
,
Andronicus
the
elder
,
and
younger
.
2.
The
Turkish
and
Tartarian
Affairs
.
3.
The
Affairs
of
Hungary
,
Poland
,
Denmark
,
the
Low-Countries
,
chiefly
Holland
,
and
the
Switzers
.
IN
the
East
,
Michael
Palaeologus
having
blinded
Iohannes
Lascarus
,
invaded
the
Empire
,
and
drove
the
French
out
of
Byzantium
;
he
gave
Pera
or
Galata
,
over-against
Byzantium
,
to
the
Genuois
for
their
good
service
.
Azatines
Sultan
of
Iconium
being
driven
out
of
his
Kingdome
by
the
Tartars
,
fled
to
this
Michael
.
Twenty
thousand
Bulgarians
invade
Thracia
,
and
plunder
it
.
The
Sultan
of
Iconium
,
whom
Michael
had
kept
in
strait
custody
,
escaped
by
help
of
the
Scythians
.
The
Sultan
of
Egypt
and
Arabia
having
the
Hellespont
open
,
carries
away
many
of
the
Scythian
slaves
,
about
Tanais
and
Meotis
,
into
Egypt
,
by
whose
help
he
drove
the
remaining
Latines
out
of
the
East
.
Michael
to
strengthen
himself
by
the
Pope
and
Italian
Princes
,
against
his
enemies
,
repairs
to
the
Councel
of
Lions
(
leaving
his
son
Andronicus
to
rule
the
Empire
)
and
there
acknowledgeth
the
Popes
Supremacy
,
and
reconciles
the
Greek
and
Latine
Churches
:
but
upon
his
return
home
,
he
was
hated
for
yielding
to
the
Pope
;
and
being
dead
,
was
denied
the
honour
of
burial
by
his
own
son
.
He
lived
eight
and
fifty
years
,
and
reigned
five
and
thirty
.
He
had
two
sons
,
Andronicus
his
successor
,
and
Constantine
,
a
good
Souldier
,
who
had
fought
successfully
against
the
Turks
;
but
Andronicus
,
upon
suspition
that
he
affected
the
Empire
,
put
him
in
prison
.
Andronicus
hired
the
Alani
that
dwelt
along
the
coast
of
the
Euxine
Sea
,
against
the
Turks
:
These
Alani
being
impatient
of
the
slavery
they
were
in
under
the
Scythian
Tartars
,
repair
in
great
multitudes
to
Andronicus
,
for
some
new
habitations
within
his
Dominions
;
These
he
armed
against
the
Turks
in
Asia
,
by
whom
they
were
defeated
;
and
so
many
as
escaped
the
Turks
fury
,
saved
themselves
over-against
Lesbos
on
the
coast
of
Greece
.
Rogerius
Laurea
,
Admiral
of
the
Arragonian
or
Spanish
Fleet
,
against
the
French
in
Sicily
,
was
invited
by
Andronicus
with
his
Fleet
against
the
Turks
.
He
gets
leave
of
the
Arragonian
,
having
made
peace
with
the
French
,
to
go
with
his
Colleague
Piringerius
Terza
.
Andronicus
,
to
make
them
both
the
more
cordial
to
him
,
creates
Rogerius
,
Caesar
;
and
Piringerius
,
the
great
Duke
:
These
did
beat
the
Turks
in
divers
battels
,
but
for
want
of
pay
they
became
enemies
,
and
fell
to
plunder
the
Greek
Territories
.
Rogerius
is
killed
in
the
tumult
,
and
his
Colleague
was
taken
afterward
by
the
Genuois
,
who
stript
him
both
of
his
Admiralty
and
life
.
The
Catalani
,
descended
of
the
ancient
Catti
and
Alani
,
much
infested
Andronicus
,
against
whom
he
raiseth
an
Army
of
Thracians
and
Macedonians
;
but
he
was
put
to
the
worse
,
and
forced
to
flie
.
These
Catalans
,
by
the
help
of
the
Turks
,
wasted
Macedon
,
and
without
them
over-run
Thessaly
;
thence
passing
into
Boeotio
and
Attica
,
surprised
Athens
and
Thebes
,
where
they
seat
themselves
,
having
killed
the
Prince
of
Athens
.
At
this
time
Iohn
Prince
of
Thessaly
dyed
without
issue
,
having
lived
three
years
with
his
wife
Irene
,
the
bastard
of
Andronicus
the
Emperour
;
and
so
the
dominion
of
the
Angeli
ceased
in
Thessaly
,
Epirus
,
and
Aetolia
,
a
part
of
which
returned
to
the
Emperour
,
and
the
rest
the
Princes
and
the
Catalans
tore
away
.
Some
of
the
Turks
who
turned
Christians
,
went
to
the
Prince
of
Servia
:
the
rest
made
a
league
with
Andronicus
,
for
a
safe
convoy
to
the
Hellespont
,
and
from
thence
to
Chersonesus
with
their
booties
;
but
the
Emperor
kept
not
promise
with
them
,
and
so
they
were
cut
off
by
the
Genuan
and
Bulgarian
forces
;
for
which
perfidiousnesse
the
Turks
were
enraged
against
the
Christians
in
Asia
.
In
the
mean
while
Maria
Domicilla
,
who
by
right
of
blood
claimed
title
to
Ierusalem
,
resigns
her
right
to
Charles
King
of
Sicily
,
though
Hugh
King
of
Cyprus
claimed
it
.
The
Armenian
Christians
being
deserted
by
the
Cyprus
.
Tyr●…
▪
Sidon
,
Beritus
,
and
whatsoever
the
Christians
had
in
Syria
was
destroyed
.
This
Seriphus
afterward
,
as
he
was
preparing
a
Fleet
to
invade
Cyprus
,
was
murthered
by
his
own
Captains
,
who
fell
at
variance
among
themselves
.
Cazanus
the
son
of
Argon
Prince
of
Tartary
,
was
invited
by
the
Sarazens
to
embrace
Mahumetanisme
;
which
he
did
for
a
while
to
obtain
his
ends
,
therefore
permitted
the
Christian
churches
to
be
destroyed
:
but
when
he
had
increased
his
wealth
and
power
,
he
sell
upon
the
Mahumetans
and
killed
them
:
upon
this
Melech
Nasor
the
Tyrant
of
Egypt
sights
him
;
but
he
,
though
almost
defeated
,
so
carried
himself
,
that
he
left
20000
Sarazens
dead
on
the
place
,
and
drove
the
Sultan
into
Baldac
or
Babylon
of
Egypt
.
This
victory
gave
a
short
breathing
to
the
Christian
affairs
.
The
Greek
Church
was
now
divided
into
three
Factions
;
some
holding
with
Becus
the
Patriarch
of
the
Latine
profession
,
some
with
Ioseph
the
other
Patriarch
who
was
put
out
,
and
some
with
Arsenius
who
was
dead
.
Whereupon
to
quiet
all
,
Andronious
makes
Gregory
of
Cyprus
Patriarch
;
Becus
and
the
Pontifician
party
are
banished
;
Gregory
also
shortly
after
is
deposed
,
and
Athanasius
the
Eremite
is
substituted
,
who
because
he
sent
every
Bishop
home
to
look
to
his
own
flock
,
foure
years
after
he
also
is
deposed
,
and
driven
into
the
desarts
.
Andronicus
by
evil
counsel
destroyed
the
Grecian
fleet
as
uselesse
,
being
now
affianced
by
marriage
to
Spain
,
which
had
the
kingdome
of
Sicily
;
but
the
want
of
a
fleet
gave
occasion
for
all
pirats
to
plunder
the
Greek
coasts
The
Venetians
of
Byzantium
pretending
some
losses
they
received
by
Andronicus
,
plundred
both
by
land
and
sea
;
which
gave
occasion
to
Othoman
a
petty
Prince
in
Carmania
,
(
but
of
an
active
spirit
,
and
strong
body
)
to
mise
an
army
against
the
Christians
;
so
that
he
with
other
Turkish
Commanders
divided
a
great
part
of
the
Greek
Empire
amongst
them
.
In
the
battel
that
was
fought
in
Chersonesus
between
the
Greeks
and
Turks
,
for
the
booties
which
the
Turks
carried
from
Greece
under
the
safe
conduct
of
Andronicus
,
his
son
Michael
lost
the
day
,
and
withall
the
Imperial
ornaments
,
which
the
Turks
disgracefully
used
.
They
brake
into
Thracia
with
such
multitudes
,
that
they
plundred
it
all
,
so
that
in
two
years
the
Byzantines
durst
not
go
out
of
their
gates
:
The
most
of
the
Cities
of
Bythinia
are
taken
by
Ottoman
,
who
makes
Prusia
the
capital
city
of
his
new-erected
Monarchy
;
so
the
Christian
Empire
in
the
East
is
but
a
meer
Sceliton
.
The
calamities
that
fell
on
this
Empire
by
the
Turks
,
were
presaged
by
frequent
earthquakes
,
comets
and
ecclipses
in
the
sun
and
moon
.
Andronious
lived
till
he
was
seventy
years
of
age
,
and
saw
not
only
these
publike
calamities
,
but
also
the
private
miseries
of
his
own
family
;
for
his
sonnes
and
grand-children
proved
both
flagitious
,
and
factious
against
each
other
,
and
most
ungracious
to
himself
;
for
Andronicus
the
younger
,
sonne
to
Michael
,
and
grandchild
to
this
Andronicus
the
elder
,
thrust
his
grandfather
,
being
almost
blind
with
age
and
sorrow
,
into
a
Monastery
,
where
he
dyed
;
Michael
the
father
of
this
younger
Andronicus
,
was
dead
before
;
Manuel
the
other
sonne
of
this
Michael
,
was
killed
by
the
City-guard
,
whilst
in
the
night
he
went
to
find
out
this
dissolute
brother
Andronicus
the
younger
.
Cazanus
the
Tartar
(
as
we
said
)
having
beaten
the
Egyptian
Sultan
,
was
master
of
Asia
.
He
was
by
profession
a
Christian
,
and
therefore
married
the
King
of
Armenia's
daughter
.
Finding
that
his
Kinsman
Caydon
was
raising
a
Faction
in
Persia
,
sends
Ambassadors
to
the
Pope
and
French
king
,
for
a
union
with
the
Latine
Princes
,
towards
the
regaining
of
the
Holy-Land
.
But
he
committed
a
great
error
,
when
he
intrusted
Caycaphus
a
Saracen
fugitive
with
the
government
of
Damascus
,
having
been
governour
before
in
that
place
under
the
Egyptian
:
for
this
Saracen
revolted
from
him
,
and
brought
all
Syria
into
the
obedience
of
the
Egyptian
Sultan
.
And
so
now
the
thousand
yeares
are
ended
,
in
which
the
Church
did
reign
with
Christ
;
for
Mahumets
religion
prevailed
so
fast
,
that
it
drove
Christianity
out
of
the
East
.
The
Armenians
and
Cyprians
endeavoured
to
recover
Syria
,
but
could
do
nothing
,
because
Cazanus
fell
sick
.
The
Egyptian
Sultan
carried
away
all
provisions
from
the
Christian
quarters
,
and
poisoned
the
grasse
and
fodder
.
After
the
death
of
Cazanus
,
his
brother
Campanda
turned
Mahumetan
;
and
so
the
Turks
over-ran
all
,
even
to
the
gates
of
Byzantium
.
Michael
Palaeologus
father
to
Andronicus
the
younger
,
being
in
Thessaly
,
and
understanding
how
his
younger
son
Manuel
was
killed
,
died
for
griefe
.
Old
Iohn
Cantacuzenus
,
and
Syrgiannes
the
bastard
son
of
Constantine
,
and
grandchild
of
old
Andronicus
,
who
was
now
hated
for
the
continual
taxes
which
he
was
forced
to
lay
on
the
people
against
the
Turks
,
raised
an
Army
against
his
Grandfather
:
therefore
young
Andronicus
,
promising
exemption
from
all
taxes
,
drew
almost
all
Thracia
and
Macedon
to
side
with
him
;
so
that
the
old
man
was
glad
to
content
himselfe
with
Byzantium
,
and
a
part
of
Macedon
,
leaving
the
rest
to
his
grandchild
.
Upon
this
rent
,
the
Turks
build
ships
,
with
which
they
infest
the
coasts
of
Thrace
and
Macedon
.
Wherefore
old
Andronicus
,
to
furnish
himself
with
mony
against
them
,
was
forced
to
sell
the
ornaments
of
the
antient
Emperors
.
But
Syrgiannes
,
angry
that
he
was
not
Colleague
with
young
Andronicus
in
the
Empire
,
flies
to
the
old
man
,
and
puts
him
in
hope
to
recover
all
again
.
Young
Andronicus
at
this
raiseth
an
Army
,
and
brings
it
to
the
gates
of
Byzantium
,
pretending
his
grandfather
was
dead
;
and
to
deliver
his
mother
Xene
,
whom
Constantine
the
Despot
or
Lord
had
carried
away
by
ship
from
Thessalonica
to
Byzantium
,
and
there
imprisoned
her
:
But
her
delivery
caused
a
new
peace
;
and
the
rather
,
because
Philadelphia
was
now
besieged
by
the
Turks
.
Young
Andronicus
is
now
crowned
and
made
Consort
of
the
Empire
with
the
old
man
;
but
Syrgiannes
is
imprisoned
and
plundred
.
In
the
interim
,
Ottoman
subdues
almost
all
Bythinia
;
who
having
reigned
●…8
years
,
died
,
and
was
buried
in
a
Silver-tomb
by
his
son
Orcanes
,
after
he
Theodorus
Synadenus
made
him
abjure
his
Empire
,
and
change
his
name
from
Andronicus
to
Antonius
.
But
young
Andronicus
recovers
,
and
was
invited
by
the
Bulgarian
against
the
Triballi
,
but
refused
to
go
,
being
content
to
sleep
in
a
whole
skin
.
This
Bulgarian
Lord
had
married
Andronicus
his
sister
(
as
was
said
)
and
therefore
put
away
his
other
wife
,
sister
to
the
King
of
Servia
;
whereupon
this
King
made
war
upon
the
Bulgarian
,
thrust
him
out
of
his
principality
,
and
put
Alexander
his
kinsman
in
his
place
.
About
this
time
,
Orcanes
the
Turk
took
Nicaea
of
Bythinia
,
after
a
long
siege
.
Macedonia
.
Andronicus
not
able
to
suppress
him
by
force
,
murthers
him
by
an
assasinate
:
the
Triballian
Prince
being
bribed
by
the
Emperor
makes
peace
with
him
,
and
so
Macedon
returns
again
to
the
obedience
of
Caesar.
The
Genuois
in
Peru
were
grown
so
strong
,
that
they
slighted
Andronicus
.
Catanes
a
Genuan
seiseth
upon
Mytilene
,
but
not
long
after
Andronicus
recovers
it
,
having
brought
the
Phocaeans
into
subjection
.
The
Scythians
beyond
Isther
overrun
Thracia
,
and
carried
away
for
slaves
30000.
Greeks
and
Turks
.
Orcanes
did
lie
in
wait
to
surprise
Byzantium
;
but
Cantacuzenus
with
70
Greek
horsinen
overthrew
a
great
number
of
the
Turkish
infantry
.
Andronicus
calls
in
the
Turks
upon
the
Illyrians
,
who
had
offended
him
:
And
whilst
he
is
subdoing
Aetolia
and
Epirus
(
which
shortly
after
he
lost
)
Orcanes
takes
Nicomedia
of
Bythinia
,
and
so
the
next
year
,
the
Turks
without
resistance
overrun
Thracia
;
a
while
after
they
passe
over
the
Hellespont
,
and
by
the
help
of
Soliman
,
Orcanes
his
eldest
son
,
took
it
.
Shortly
after
,
Andronicus
died
of
the
Spleen
,
being
45
Almain
,
Iohn
&
Manuel
,
over
whom
he
appointed
governor
Iohn
Cantacuzenus
,
whom
he
made
swear
to
be
faithful
in
preserving
the
Empire
to
his
young
pupil
Iohn
;
but
he
shortly
after
forgot
his
oath
,
slighted
the
young
Caesar
,
and
to
make
himself
great
,
humoured
the
Greek
Princes
,
and
married
his
daughter
to
Orcan
the
Turkish
Sultan
.
Orcanes
having
reigned
30
years
,
died
.
In
Hungary
,
K.
Ladislaus
with
Boleslaus
had
scarce
driven
out
the
Tartars
,
who
had
overrun
Hungary
and
Poland
;
when
the
people
,
who
hated
the
tyrannical
deportment
of
Ladislaus
,
choose
for
their
King
Andrew
,
called
Venetus
,
from
his
mother
and
education
,
being
Venetian
:
he
was
grandchild
of
K.
Andrew
by
his
son
Steven
.
After
the
death
of
this
Andrew
Venetus
,
Charls
Nephew
to
Claudus
of
Sicily
,
Robert
Uncle
to
Charls
,
and
Wenceslaus
the
Bohemian
,
became
Competitors
for
the
kingdom
:
but
the
Peeres
chose
Otto
the
Bavarian
,
who
being
taken
by
the
Transilvanian
,
escaped
by
the
help
of
his
wife
,
and
returned
home
:
Albert
establisheth
Charls
in
the
kingdome
,
who
banished
many
of
the
Nobility
,
and
so
he
prevailed
over
his
Competitors
.
In
Poland
was
the
like
contestation
:
For
to
K.
Boleslaus
succeeded
Lescus
Niger
,
who
had
subdued
the
Iazyges
and
Russians
,
and
his
Competitor
Conradus
Masovius
,
whom
divers
of
the
Nobility
had
chosen
for
their
King.
This
Lescus
died
without
issue
;
wherefore
Boleslaus
Masovius
,
Henry
Vretislave
,
and
Ladislaus
Locticus
brother
to
Lescus
,
strove
for
the
succession
.
●…n
the
mean
while
,
Wenceslaus
the
Bohemian
invaded
the
Territories
of
Cracovia
and
Sendomiria
,
in
right
of
the
Queen
,
who
had
bequeathed
them
to
him
;
the
Tartars
fall
upon
some
other
places
of
that
distracted
kingdom
:
in
these
tumults
,
Henry
Vretislave
dieth
,
and
Primislaus
is
chosen
King
by
the
Polanders
,
who
lived
not
above
seven
moneths
after
.
Then
was
Ladislaus
chosen
:
but
he
who
with
so
much
toile
and
trouble
got
the
kingdome
,
with
too
much
ease
and
luxury
lost
it
;
for
the
Peers
deposed
him
,
and
conferred
the
kingdome
upon
Wenceslaus
the
Bohemian
.
In
Denmark
,
Ericus
the
sixth
,
Grandchild
to
Waldemar
by
his
son
Christopher
,
was
treacherously
murthered
,
to
whom
succeeded
his
son
Ericus
the
seventh
,
being
a
child
;
in
his
minority
,
the
Kingdome
was
well
governed
by
Agnes
of
Brandenburg
and
the
Nobility
.
The
Kings
murtherers
were
all
banished
;
Pyrats
severely
punished
;
the
Holsatians
and
Vandals
reconciled
;
the
Territories
of
Rostoch
,
and
other
places
over-gainst
Denmark
,
reduced
into
the
Kings
obedience
.
This
Ericus
afterward
became
tyrannical
and
sacrilegious
,
who
for
his
wicked
life
,
and
the
whoredomes
he
committed
upon
divers
Noble
Matrons
,
was
murthered
in
a
Barn
,
where
he
was
found
sleeping
,
by
seven
assasinats
,
who
gave
him
seventy
wounds
.
He
married
his
Daughter
Sophia
to
Waldemar
King
of
Swethland
,
who
for
incest
with
his
sister
was
driven
out
of
his
kingdome
;
to
whom
succeeded
his
brother
Ladislaus
.
To
Ericus
the
seventh
in
Denmark
succeeded
Ericus
the
eighth
,
who
obtained
some
Victories
In
the
Low-Countries
,
Iohn
Duke
of
Brabant
buyeth
the
Earldome
of
Nemours
and
Dutchy
of
Limburg
.
The
Earl
of
Geldre
next
heir
opposeth
.
A
war
followeth
,
in
which
neer
Colen
,
the
Earl
is
defeated
,
and
taken
prisoner
,
with
the
Bishop
of
Colen
,
Adolph
of
Nassovia
,
and
Henry
of
Lucelburg
.
The
Earl
of
Geldre
,
upon
renouncing
of
the
Dukedome
,
is
released
.
Henry's
son
married
the
Duke
of
Brabants
daughter
,
and
with
her
had
the
Earldome
.
Not
long
after
,
Iohn
was
slain
in
Tornament
.
Holland
,
called
by
the
Romans
,
Batavia
,
in
the
time
of
Charles
the
Great
,
was
Mose
,
Alrad
brother
to
the
Duke
of
Lorain
with
fresh
Forces
falls
upon
the
Earl
,
whom
they
killed
with
two
thousand
and
six
hundred
of
his
men
.
This
murther
was
afterward
repaid
by
the
Citizens
of
Dort
,
who
killed
all
the
murtherers
.
The
Earls
widow
,
Gertrudis
,
during
his
sons
minority
,
for
two
years
ruled
the
State.
She
married
Robert
the
Frislander
,
so
called
,
because
he
with
his
wife
ruled
Holland
,
which
was
then
called
Frisia
;
this
Robert
was
son
to
Baldwin
Earl
of
Flanders
,
against
whom
William
Bishop
of
Utricht
raised
a
war
,
which
ruined
Holland
.
Henry
the
fourth
Emperour
bestowed
this
Province
upon
William
,
who
to
obtain
it
the
easier
,
procured
Godfrey
(
from
his
low
stature
and
crookedness
,
called
Gibber
)
Duke
of
Lorain
,
to
assist
him
,
who
with
a
great
Army
overthrew
the
Hollanders
,
and
drove
Robert
with
his
wife
and
children
into
Flanders
;
so
by
the
Bishop
of
Utricht
,
Godfrey
was
made
Protector
of
Holland
.
After
this
,
he
falls
upon
the
West-Frislanders
with
fire
and
sword
,
and
in
a
Battel
kills
eight
thousand
of
them
;
but
afterward
,
as
he
was
on
the
close-stoole
at
Antwerp
,
he
was
murthered
;
his
death
was
shortly
after
accompanied
with
the
Bishops
,
who
was
a
great
Favourite
of
Henry
the
4.
and
an
enemy
to
Heildebrand
.
Didericus
the
fifth
,
son
to
Florentius
,
being
now
of
age
,
is
assisted
by
Robert
Frislander
,
and
the
Flandrians
,
to
recover
his
Fathers
Province
:
Him
the
Bishop
of
Utricht
opposed
with
an
Army
,
assisted
by
Conradus
the
Sueve
,
whom
the
Emperour
had
made
Earl
of
Holland
;
but
they
were
both
defeated
by
Didericus
,
and
forced
to
Colen
,
Limburg
,
and
Flanders
,
set
upon
the
Earl
of
Holland
,
and
took
him
prisoner
.
In
the
mean
while
,
the
Bishop
of
Utricht
fell
upon
Geldre
and
Holland
with
fire
and
sword
;
but
shortly
after
,
the
Duke
,
the
Earl
,
and
the
Bishop
were
made
friends
.
Then
the
Earl
died
,
having
ruled
Holland
thirteen
years
;
Utricht
.
Middleburg
also
in
Zeland
was
besieged
by
the
Flandrians
.
The
young
Earl
of
Holland
having
married
King
Edwards
daughter
of
England
,
was
much
carried
away
by
his
Favourite
Wolfardus
,
who
caused
him
to
infringe
the
Liberties
of
Dort
,
upon
which
arose
a
Civil
War
:
Dort
will
not
lose
her
priviledges
;
therefore
the
Earl
besiegeth
it
,
but
is
beat
off
with
loss
.
Wolfardus
is
so
hated
by
the
people
,
that
they
hanged
him
by
a
long
rope
out
of
a
high
window
,
where
he
was
imprisoned
,
disgracefully
abusing
and
wounding
his
body
.
The
West-frislanders
being
wearied
with
a
continual
About
this
time
the
Switzers
or
Helvetians
began
to
Cantonize
themselves
;
they
for
their
good
service
in
Italy
against
the
Sarazens
,
were
permitted
by
the
Pope
and
the
Emperour
Ludovic
,
son
to
Charles
the
Great
,
to
live
after
their
own
Lawes
;
which
liberty
they
enjoyed
till
Italy
and
the
neighbouring
Countries
were
distracted
by
the
Guelphs
and
Gibellines
;
then
Barbarossa
took
them
into
the
protection
of
the
Empire
;
but
when
the
House
of
Austria
began
to
oppress
them
,
and
infringe
their
Laws
,
they
revolted
,
and
vindicated
Switzers
)
Ury
,
and
Underval
,
which
with
Lucerne
,
Zugh
,
and
Soleerre
retain
the
Catholike
Religion
;
but
Friburg
,
Basil
,
Bernu
,
Zurich
,
and
Schaffouz
are
Calvinists
;
the
other
two
,
Glaris
and
Appentzel
profess
both
Religions
.
CHAP.
V.
1.
The
affairs
of
Germany
under
Adolphus
,
Albertus
,
Henry
the
seventh
,
and
Ludovic
of
Bavaria
.
2.
The
affairs
of
Sicily
;
Naples
,
Florence
,
Rome
,
and
Millain
,
and
other
parts
of
Italy
,
with
the
adjacent
Countries
,
from
the
year
1298.
till
1347.
ADolphus
of
Nassovia
,
Kinsman
to
Gerhard
Bishop
of
Mentz
,
is
by
his
means
declared
Emperour
:
Count
Palatine
stood
for
Albertus
of
Austria
,
but
could
not
prevail
,
and
was
hated
for
this
ever
after
by
the
Bishops
Faction
,
whose
creature
Adolphus
was
;
he
to
strengthen
himself
in
the
Empire
,
desires
to
marry
his
son
to
Albertus
the
Austrian
,
which
motion
is
rejected
;
whereupon
a
war
is
raised
between
Adolphus
and
Albertus
,
both
for
this
repulse
,
and
because
the
Emperour
had
bought
the
Principality
of
Thuringia
with
the
money
which
he
received
of
King
Edward
of
England
,
upon
hope
that
he
would
assist
him
and
Guy
of
Flanders
against
the
French
;
but
he
failed
both
;
wherefore
both
(
having
made
peace
with
the
French
)
became
his
enemies
.
The
German
Princes
scorned
that
their
Emperor
should
become
a
mercenary
Souldier
to
the
English
Kingdome
;
and
the
Thuringians
stormed
that
they
should
be
bought
and
sold.
Albertus
of
Austria
shewed
that
he
had
reason
to
serve
the
French
,
if
the
Emperour
would
abase
himself
to
serve
the
English
:
Hereupon
forces
are
raised
against
Adolphus
,
whom
the
same
Bishop
of
Mentz
that
made
him
Emperour
,
deposeth
,
and
setteth
up
against
him
Albert
of
Austria
,
with
whom
the
Princes
joyn
;
onely
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
and
Rodolphus
Count
Palatine
,
who
was
son-in-law
to
Adolphus
,
adhered
to
him
.
Neer
Spira
the
battel
is
fought
;
Adolphus
too
hastily
with
his
Horse
,
Pope
Boniface
the
eighth
,
who
speaking
through
a
long
Cane
in
the
wall
,
had
made
Celestine
lay
down
his
Pontificat
,
endeavoured
to
make
peace
between
the
French
and
Arragonians
,
perswading
Iames
to
restore
Sicily
to
Charls
the
Lame
;
but
Frederick
,
brother
to
Iames
,
came
in
the
interim
with
a
Fleet
from
Spain
into
Sicily
,
and
is
saluted
King
by
the
people
.
When
Iames
was
dead
,
Robert
,
son
to
Charles
the
Lame
,
came
over
into
Sicily
,
and
took
Catana
;
but
the
Sicilians
,
who
favoured
the
Spaniards
more
then
the
French
,
in
a
Sea-fight
defeat
Philip
,
the
brother
of
Robert
,
whom
they
took
and
imprisoned
.
Frederick
recovers
in
a
short
time
both
Sicily
and
Calabria
in
Hetruria
.
The
Genuois
were
so
incensed
against
the
Pisans
,
that
they
sunk
great
ships
in
the
mouth
of
the
River
,
to
hinder
their
Navigation
:
About
which
time
,
there
were
such
fearful
Earth-quakes
,
that
the
Pope
being
at
Mass
,
was
forced
to
give
off
,
and
run
out
of
the
Church
into
a
small
Cottage
,
fearing
the
earth
would
open
;
then
also
appeared
a
Comet
.
The
Gibellines
and
Guelphs
now
raged
in
Italy
,
but
under
new
names
,
of
White
and
Black
;
the
Gibellines
were
named
White
,
whom
the
Florentines
drove
out
of
their
City
,
with
Dantes
the
Poet.
The
Pope
,
to
be
out
of
danger
,
removed
his
Seat
to
Avenion
in
France
,
which
Clement
the
sixth
bought
;
the
Italian
affairs
he
committed
to
the
care
of
three
Cardinals
;
the
Popes
abode
in
France
was
seventy
years
,
in
which
time
divers
Schismes
were
in
the
Church
,
the
Italians
choosing
a
Pope
of
their
Nation
,
and
the
French
of
theirs
.
This
time
the
Italians
called
the
seventy
years
Captivity
of
Babel
.
Albertus
having
slain
Adolphus
,
is
made
Emperour
;
such
was
the
concourse
of
people
to
see
him
,
that
the
Duke
of
Saxony
was
squeezed
to
death
with
the
press
.
He
reconciled
himself
with
Otto
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
whose
Unkle
he
had
killed
:
But
this
friendship
lasted
not
long
,
for
Otto
being
called
to
be
King
of
Hungary
fell
upon
Syria
;
but
shortly
after
,
Otto
is
by
the
Hungarians
banished
.
Albertus
desires
to
be
confirmed
by
the
Pope
in
his
Empire
,
which
Boniface
refused
to
do
,
shewing
by
the
Crown
on
his
head
;
and
the
sword
by
his
side
,
that
he
was
both
Pope
and
Emperour
himself
;
yet
shortly
after
in
hatred
of
Philip
the
Fair
,
he
declared
him
Emperor
,
and
withall
conferred
on
him
the
title
of
France
:
but
Philip
to
elude
the
Popes
fury
,
bestowed
in
marriage
his
daughter
Blanca
upon
Ralph
Alberts
Son
;
this
Albert
made
his
Son
Ralph
King
of
Bohemia
,
Wenceslaus
the
seventh
being
in
a
tumult
slain
in
Moravia
;
but
Ralph
in
the
very
beginning
of
his
Reign
,
was
murthered
in
his
chamber
;
Henry
Duke
of
Carinthia
,
and
Son
in
law
to
Wenceslaus
the
sixth
,
having
seized
on
the
Kingdome
,
notwithstanding
that
Frederick
Alberts
other
Son
was
elected
King
by
the
Peers
.
Albert
had
wars
with
Otto
of
Bavaria
,
whom
Conradus
Bishop
of
Saltsburg
assisted
,
and
withall
so
endangered
the
Emperors
life
with
a
poysoned
cup
,
that
had
he
not
vomited
presently
,
he
had
dyed
;
yet
he
never
throughly
recovered
.
Afterward
the
same
Emperor
was
slain
,
and
cut
in
peeces
by
means
of
the
Duke
of
Carinthia
,
whilst
Albert
was
making
war
against
Frederick
of
Mysia
,
which
Country
he
aimed
at
,
as
being
a
convenient
inlet
to
Bohemia
.
This
Frederick
was
Son
to
Albert
Earle
of
Thuringia
,
a
wicked
man
,
who
would
have
murthered
his
wife
,
daughter
to
Frederick
the
second
,
Emperor
,
being
animated
thereto
by
a
harlot
whom
he
doted
on
:
Alberts
Lady
fled
to
save
her
life
,
and
as
she
kissed
her
Son
Frederick
in
her
flight
;
whom
she
bore
to
this
Albert
,
in
her
passion
she
bit
his
cheek
,
the
mark
whereof
he
still
retained
.
Dietricas
Marquess
of
Mysia
,
Alberts
brother
,
commiserating
this
disconsolate
Lady
,
gave
her
entertainment
,
and
made
her
Son
Frederick
his
heir
to
Mysia
,
at
which
Albert
the
Father
stormed
,
and
caused
this
his
Son
to
be
imprisoned
a
whole
year
,
till
by
the
favour
of
his
Keepers
who
pitied
his
case
,
he
was
let
go
.
After
this
his
Father
Albert
dyed
miserably
.
Frederick
subdued
all
his
enemies
at
last
,
and
among
the
rest
Albert
the
Emperor
,
and
so
obtained
both
the
Earldome
of
Thuringia
,
and
the
Marquisat
of
Mysia
.
The
Emperor
was
set
upon
first
by
Iohn
his
brothers
Son
,
whom
he
had
removed
for
his
loose
life
from
the
government
of
Suevia
.
This
Iohn
gave
the
first
blow
,
thrusting
his
Dagger
in
the
Emperors
throat
;
after
him
came
others
who
clave
his
head
in
the
middle
,
and
others
gave
him
divers
wounds
in
the
breast
;
he
dyed
the
tenth
year
of
his
Empire
.
Albertus
being
dead
,
Philip
the
Fair
of
France
was
now
in
hope
to
be
Emperor
,
having
the
Pope
within
his
Dominions
;
wherefore
by
his
brother
Charles
Valoise
,
he
raiseth
an
Army
:
but
the
Pope
considering
how
dangerous
the
translation
of
the
Empire
might
prove
to
the
Italian
Princes
;
sends
secretly
to
the
seven
Electors
to
hasten
the
election
of
a
German
Emperor
;
which
was
done
accordingly
;
and
Henry
Earl
of
Lucelburg
was
chosen
upon
the
commendations
of
his
brother
Baldwin
Archbishop
of
Trevers
;
the
Pope
by
his
Legats
declares
him
Emperor
,
conditionally
that
within
two
years
he
would
repair
to
Italy
,
and
there
compose
the
long
differences
with
which
it
was
almost
ruined
:
he
to
that
purpose
sets
himself
,
but
first
resolves
to
settle
Germany
;
therefore
he
confirms
Frederick
the
Sonne
of
Albert
in
his
possession
of
Austria
,
conditionally
that
he
would
resign
his
right
in
Bohemia
,
which
when
he
had
assented
to
,
the
Emperor
by
consent
of
the
Electors
,
deposed
Henry
the
Carinthian
,
and
made
his
own
son
Iohn
King
,
by
marrying
him
to
Elizabeth
the
daughter
of
Wenceslaus
the
eldest
,
and
neece
to
Ralph
the
Emperor
.
Henry
after
this
,
composed
the
wars
of
Mysia
or
Mysina
,
so
that
Frederick
should
content
himself
with
Thuringia
and
Mysia
,
and
should
leave
the
lower
Lusatia
to
the
Bohemians
:
so
Germany
being
quieted
,
he
raiseth
an
Army
for
Italy
;
but
first
he
performs
the
Funeral
ceremonies
to
Albert
and
Adolph
,
whose
bodies
he
translated
to
Spire
,
and
declared
all
those
to
be
Traitors
who
had
a
hand
in
the
murther
of
Albert
,
all
which
dyed
miserably
.
In
Italy
most
of
the
Cisalpin
Cities
had
changed
their
Governours
;
the
Scaligers
had
seised
on
Verrona
,
the
Passerins
on
Mantua
,
the
Carrarians
on
Padua
,
the
Venetians
on
Ferrara
,
and
the
Florentines
on
Pistoriue
;
in
Millain
the
Turrians
chief
of
the
Guelphs
under
Guido
had
suppressed
the
Gibellins
,
and
driven
out
thence
Matthew
the
Viscount
,
who
complains
to
the
Emperor
,
being
on
his
march
towards
Millain
,
he
restores
them
both
to
their
ancient
patrimony
and
sets
the
City
at
liberty
;
but
because
Henry
placed
Matthew
on
his
right
hand
,
and
Guido
on
his
left
,
as
he
was
going
to
receive
his
iron
Crown
,
Guido
raiseth
a
tumult
in
the
City
which
had
indangered
the
Emperor
,
but
that
Matthew
suddenly
raised
all
his
friends
,
and
by
the
help
of
the
German
forces
fell
upon
the
Turrians
,
and
drove
them
out
of
the
City
;
the
charge
of
which
was
solely
committed
to
Matthew
.
Cremona
,
Phacenza
,
Parma
,
Papia
,
and
Brixium
,
who
favoured
the
Guelphs
,
were
reduced
by
Caesar
,
to
whom
the
Cremonians
with
ropes
about
their
necks
acknowledged
their
fault
,
and
paid
their
Fine
.
Brixium
also
was
punished
with
a
mulct
,
and
demolition
of
their
walls
;
and
one
Theobald
who
had
caused
them
to
rebel
,
was
torn
in
peeces
by
horses
.
Lombardy
and
other
places
being
setled
,
Henry
goeth
for
Genua
,
and
from
thence
by
Sea
to
Pisae
,
the
Army
he
sent
by
land
towards
Rome
,
where
the
two
families
of
the
Ursini
and
Columni
for
three
months
together
skirmished
daily
,
that
the
streets
ran
with
blood
;
Robert
King
of
Apulia
son
to
Charles
the
lame
,
aided
the
Ursins
against
the
Gibellins
who
stood
for
Caesar
,
and
strove
to
keep
him
out
of
the
City
,
but
the
Columni
prevailed
and
brought
him
in
,
where
he
was
crowned
the
third
time
with
much
difficulty
and
reluctancy
of
the
Cardinal
Legats
.
Caesar
after
his
Coronation
made
haste
out
of
that
turbulent
Bononians
,
Ferrarian●…
,
and
other
Cities
held
out
against
the
Emperor
,
who
burned
their
fields
and
provision
,
that
they
might
for
want
be
forced
to
yeeld
the
sooner
:
He
summoneth
Robert
to
appear
and
answer
to
his
accusations
,
but
he
refused
to
come
,
and
so
is
condemned
of
Treason
and
Rebellion
,
his
Arms
are
torn
,
and
his
right
and
name
of
King
taken
away
.
This
sentence
Pope
Clement
shortly
after
repealed
,
as
may
be
seen
in
his
Constitutions
called
Clementines
,
set
forth
by
his
successor
Iohn
the
23.
Henry
having
laid
siege
to
Florence
,
and
preparing
to
go
against
Robert
upon
the
invitation
of
the
Neapolitans
,
is
poysoned
by
one
Bernard
a
predicant
Friar
,
being
hired
thereto
by
the
Florentines
;
the
murtherer
,
who
poysoned
the
cup
,
or
as
some
say
the
Sacramental
bread
,
was
flia'd
alive
.
Henries
body
two
years
after
his
death
was
translated
to
Philip
Valoise
,
and
of
the
Germans
under
Henry
Duke
of
Austria
.
Iohn
after
his
fathers
death
raised
an
Army
,
and
confirmed
the
Caesarian
forces
in
Italy
:
He
enlarged
also
Bohemia
by
the
addition
of
Lusatia
,
and
a
great
part
of
Silesia
;
which
Country
lying
between
Poland
and
Bohemia
,
fell
off
from
both
,
and
made
themselves
free
;
but
having
abused
their
freedome
with
intestine
broils
,
the
Bohemians
subdued
them
:
This
Iohn
was
afterward
killed
in
the
battel
of
Cressy
,
in
which
were
slain
also
Charles
Valoise
,
and
thirty
thousand
French.
After
the
death
of
Henry
the
seventh
,
the
Empire
wanted
an
head
fourteen
months
,
because
of
the
rent
among
the
Electors
;
for
the
Bishop
of
Mentz
and
of
Trevers
,
with
the
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
stood
for
Ludovic
of
Bavaria
;
but
M.
Antonius
and
L.
Verus
,
Valentinian
and
Valens
,
Gratian
and
Theodosius
,
with
many
others
,
reigned
together
as
Colleagues
.
Ludovic
thrust
his
brother
Ralph
the
Palsgrave
out
of
his
inheritance
,
because
he
preferred
Frederick
to
him
;
This
Ralph
afterwards
dyed
in
England
.
But
these
two
Emperors
could
not
agree
;
Germany
is
divided
into
two
factions
,
which
last
eight
years
;
these
troubles
were
presaged
by
a
Comet
,
and
accompanied
with
famine
and
mortality
:
five
several
battels
were
fought
;
the
two
greatest
were
,
that
at
Esling
in
Suevia
,
which
was
besieged
by
Frederick
for
adhering
to
Ludovic
;
in
this
conflict
many
of
the
Nobility
were
slain
and
taken
on
both
sides
,
for
the
victory
inclined
to
neither
,
however
the
siege
was
raised
.
The
other
great
battel
was
fought
near
Muldorffe
in
Bavaria
,
which
Frederick
had
invaded
with
ten
thousand
Hungarians
,
and
twenty
Austrians
:
Ludovic
meets
him
with
the
strength
of
Bohemia
,
and
the
neighbouring
parts
;
great
flaughter
is
committed
on
both
sides
;
at
last
the
Hungarians
are
forced
to
give
ground
,
and
though
the
Austrian
horse
held
out
a
while
longer
,
yet
they
yeeld
at
length
;
Frederick
with
his
brother
Henry
are
taken
prisoners
;
three
years
was
this
Emperor
detained
a
prisoner
,
then
was
set
at
liberty
,
conditionally
that
he
would
be
content
with
the
bare
title
of
Emperor
whilst
he
lived
,
but
should
not
not
meddle
with
the
Government
,
nor
enter
into
Italy
:
Seven
years
after
he
dyed
,
his
brother
was
released
by
restoring
of
some
Towns
and
Forts
in
Moravia
,
which
in
this
War
the
Austrians
had
taken
from
the
Bohemians
.
After
this
victory
of
Ludovic
,
Pope
Iohn
the
22.
or
23.
accuseth
him
for
aiding
Galeacius
of
Millain
against
the
Guelphs
,
and
for
exercising
his
Emperial
right
without
the
Popes
confirmation
;
his
answer
was
,
that
as
soon
as
he
was
elected
,
he
was
to
administer
justice
,
and
to
defend
Galeacius
,
who
had
a
just
cause
;
upon
this
Ludovic
is
condemned
by
the
Pope
as
an
heretick
,
and
the
sentence
declared
against
him
at
Avenion
,
for
maintaining
that
the
Pope
was
not
to
meddle
with
secular
affairs
.
Leopoldus
brother
to
Frederick
,
who
came
not
in
time
to
aid
him
,
doth
much
hurt
in
Alsatia
and
Helvetia
,
afterward
he
became
mad
and
dyed
.
Iohn
King
of
Bohemia
,
and
Charles
King
of
Hungary
,
with
Otto
Fredericks
other
brother
over-run
Austria
;
shortly
after
Otto
dyed
,
and
so
did
Frederick
,
being
consumed
by
a
Love-potion
.
Four
years
after
the
Iohn
,
Mark
,
Luchin
,
and
Steven
,
Viscounts
of
Millain
,
the
sons
of
Matthew
.
Galeacius
had
taken
Placenza
from
Albertus
Sootus
:
upon
this
;
King
Robert
,
the
Pope
,
and
the
Florentines
,
who
had
been
molested
by
Castrucius
,
a
great
friend
of
the
Galeacii
,
entred
into
a
League
,
with
whom
the
French
King
joyned
,
in
hatred
to
the
Emperor
,
to
re-establish
the
Guelphs
in
Italy
;
the
Gibelins
understanding
that
Philip
Valois
and
his
Confederates
were
raising
Forces
against
them
,
they
beseech
the
Emperor
to
hasten
into
Italy
,
who
did
so
;
he
was
met
at
Verona
by
Mark
,
who
complained
of
his
brother
Galeacius
,
that
he
did
assume
the
sole
command
over
Milain
,
infringing
their
liberties
.
This
accusation
Ludovic
put
off
,
till
a
more
convenient
time
:
in
the
interim
he
goeth
to
Milain
,
where
he
is
pompously
received
by
Galeacius
,
and
in
the
Church
of
S.
Ambrose
receives
his
Ironcrown
from
the
Bishop
of
Aretin
a
great
Gibelline
.
Here
was
present
at
that
time
Caius
Scaliger
,
with
a
thousand
Horse
and
some
Foot-companies
,
to
wait
on
the
Emperor
;
who
having
heard
his
accusation
and
Marks
against
Galeacius
,
understanding
also
that
the
Millanois
would
pay
his
Army
,
if
their
Republike
might
be
free
,
and
having
intercepted
some
Letters
of
Galeacius
entertaining
correspondency
with
the
Pope
,
he
puts
him
with
Luchin
and
Iohn
his
brothers
,
his
son
Actius
,
and
some
others
in
close
prison
;
Then
were
chosen
four
and
twenty
men
out
of
every
Tribe
or
Ward
to
rule
the
Common
wealth
.
And
so
having
left
Montfortius
with
some
German
forces
to
guard
the
City
,
Ludovic
passeth
into
Hetruria
,
and
so
to
Rome
,
where
he
complains
to
the
Cardinals
and
Senate
of
the
wrongs
done
him
by
Pope
Iohn
22.
withall
he
makes
one
Peter
Corbarius
a
Franciscan
,
Antipope
,
by
whom
he
and
his
wife
Margaret
Lady
of
Holland
and
Frisland
,
are
crowned
in
the
Vatican
.
But
no
About
this
time
the
Emperor
takes
Castrutius
Duke
of
Luca
out
of
prison
,
and
bestows
honours
on
him
;
at
whose
request
the
Vicounts
are
restored
.
But
all
this
could
not
secure
the
Emperor
in
Italy
;
for
he
found
them
,
upon
the
Popes
displeasure
,
to
fall
from
him
;
besides
,
Rome
had
received
King
Robert
of
Naples
,
his
forces
in
Germany
were
defeated
,
the
Catti
and
Saxons
had
revolted
;
And
fearing
an
Italian
fig
or
pill
,
makes
haste
away
into
Germany
;
where
having
assembled
the
Peers
,
he
makes
confession
of
his
faith
,
as
he
had
done
at
Rome
before
the
Cardinals
,
and
complains
of
the
Popes
injustice
and
tyrannie
,
desiring
the
continuance
of
their
allegiance
to
him
:
withall
he
useth
the
best
means
he
could
to
be
reconciled
to
Pope
Benedict
the
ninth
,
Iohns
successor
;
who
sent
him
word
,
that
he
could
not
absolve
him
,
being
hindered
by
the
Kings
of
France
and
Naples
.
Ludovic
,
to
be
revenged
on
the
French
king
,
who
sollicited
the
Pope
to
make
him
Lieutenant
of
Italy
,
joins
himself
in
league
to
King
Edward
of
England
,
to
the
great
prejudice
of
France
,
which
was
wasted
by
their
forces
.
Wherefore
the
French
King
cunningly
got
the
Emperors
wife
to
take
him
off
from
the
English
,
assuring
him
by
oath
and
promise
that
he
would
reconcile
him
to
the
Pope
,
which
he
did
not
:
He
procured
also
Iohn
King
of
Bohentia
to
forsake
him
,
who
with
a
great
Army
enters
Italy
,
pretending
that
he
went
to
settle
the
troubles
of
Lombandy
,
where
the
Lieutenants
or
Vicounts
of
those
cities
which
Ludovic
had
left
to
their
government
,
strove
for
the
dominion
of
them
.
King
Iohn
suddenly
seiseth
upon
Brixia
,
Cremona
,
Papia
,
and
divers
other
cities
;
whereupon
the
Guelphs
and
Gibellines
(
being
affrighted
at
this
successe
,
and
fearing
lest
Philip
Valois
and
the
Pope
had
conspired
with
King
Iohn
to
subdue
all
the
Italian
cities
,
and
to
divide
the
dominion
amongst
them
)
of
long
enemies
became
now
friends
,
and
enter
into
league
against
Iohn
,
whom
they
defeated
at
Ferrara
and
drove
him
out
of
Italy
;
yet
he
retained
Parma
,
Regium
,
and
Mutina
,
which
he
committed
to
his
Son
Charles
.
Ludovic
having
conferred
the
Dukedome
of
Corinthia
upon
the
Austrian
,
which
King
Iohn
hoped
should
have
been
given
to
his
son
in
right
of
his
wife
,
the
daughter
of
Henry
of
Carinthia
;
he
declares
himself
an
open
enemy
to
Ludovic
,
and
joyns
with
France
,
where
he
lost
his
life
.
Pope
Clement
the
sixth
who
succeeded
Benedict
,
renews
the
sentence
of
Excommunication
,
delivered
by
Pope
Iohn
against
Ludovic
,
and
urges
the
Electors
to
choose
another
Emperour
;
and
because
the
Bishop
of
Mentz
would
not
call
the
Princes
together
for
a
new
Election
,
he
is
first
excommunicated
,
and
then
deposed
,
and
another
Bishop
put
in
his
place
;
but
the
Elector
of
Trevers
,
who
had
been
Ludovicks
chief
Counsellor
and
supporter
,
fell
off
from
him
,
and
encouraged
Charles
Prince
of
Bohemiae
to
undertake
the
Empire
:
The
like
did
the
Duke
of
Saxon.
The
new
Bishop
of
Mentz
assembleth
the
Princes
.
Charles
Marquess
of
Moravia
(
whose
Font-name
was
Wenceslaus
,
but
afterward
called
Charles
by
Charles
the
French
King
,
who
had
married
this
Bohemians
Aunt
)
King
Iohns
son
is
elected
,
and
is
conveyed
to
Aix
to
be
crowned
;
but
the
City
denied
him
entrance
;
wherefore
he
is
,
by
the
Bishop
of
Colen
,
crowned
at
Bonna
,
a
Town
upon
the
Rhine
neer
Colen
:
Notwithstanding
that
Ludovic
,
by
confession
of
his
faith
,
had
refelled
the
Heresies
objected
against
him
,
and
had
straightly
charged
,
upon
pain
of
proscription
,
that
none
should
obey
the
Popes
Orders
,
nor
leave
off
performing
of
Divine
Service
,
because
of
his
Excommunications
.
The
French
King
did
labour
to
reconcile
the
Pope
and
Emperour
,
but
in
vain
;
for
the
Pope
would
not
absolve
him
,
except
he
would
openly
confess
his
Heresies
,
resign
his
Imperial
Crown
,
and
hold
it
of
him
;
which
Ludovic
refused
,
affirming
,
that
though
he
had
his
Consecration
from
the
Pope
,
yet
the
right
of
the
Empire
was
not
in
him
,
but
in
the
Electors
;
but
Ludovic
died
the
next
year
after
this
new
Election
,
by
a
fall
from
his
horse
as
he
was
hunting
,
or
rather
by
poison
,
which
he
could
not
vomit
up
,
therefore
he
thought
by
riding
and
agitation
of
his
body
to
dispel
it
;
but
the
poison
was
so
strong
,
that
it
put
him
into
a
Convulsion
fit
,
in
which
he
fell
from
his
About
this
time
the
Florentines
being
oppressed
by
Castrutius
and
their
own
civil
discords
,
yielded
themselves
to
Charles
Duke
of
Calabria
,
son
to
Robert
King
of
Naples
.
Ludovic
Gonzaga
invaded
the
Dominion
of
Mantua
,
having
killed
Passerinus
Lord
thereof
.
Caius
Scaliger
,
Lord
of
Verona
,
having
taken
in
Padua
,
and
Tarvisium
,
from
the
Carrarii
,
died
,
whose
son
Mastinus
succeeded
.
Galeacius
also
died
with
grief
,
having
lost
his
fathers
Principality
by
Castrutius
Duke
of
Luca
,
and
Lord
of
Pisae
and
Pistorium
;
whom
the
Pope
excommunicated
,
as
he
was
riding
in
triumph
into
Luca
for
his
Victory
over
Pistorium
,
upon
which
he
died
with
grief
,
and
his
children
stript
of
their
inheritance
by
the
Emperour
,
who
had
for
Castrutius
sake
incurred
the
Popes
displeasure
.
Mastinus
Scaliger
to
his
fathers
inheritance
added
Vicetia
,
Brixia
,
Bergomus
,
Parma
,
and
Luca
,
and
aimed
also
at
Venice
,
which
was
his
undoing
;
for
the
Venetians
took
from
him
Padua
and
Tarvisium
.
Luchinus
the
Vicount
stript
him
of
Brixia
and
Bergomus
.
Benedict
the
eleventh
sends
his
Legat
to
pacifie
the
tumults
in
Rome
,
where
by
his
command
Francis
Petrarch
the
Poet
is
carried
in
pomp
to
the
Capitol
,
and
there
crowned
with
Bayes
.
He
confirmes
Scaliger
with
the
other
Princes
in
their
late
purchased
Dominions
:
but
a
dangerous
war
arose
between
the
Florentines
and
Pisans
,
in
which
Florence
was
like
to
be
surprised
by
Valter
Duke
of
Athens
,
who
was
sent
by
Robert
King
of
Naples
to
assist
them
;
for
he
undertaking
to
settle
things
,
was
made
Protector
by
the
Republike
,
but
he
made
himself
absolute
Lord
;
whereupon
the
Bishop
of
Florence
raiseth
the
people
against
him
,
who
both
drove
him
out
of
the
City
,
and
the
Nobility
with
him
.
The
Kingdome
of
Naples
at
this
time
was
in
great
trouble
;
for
King
Robert
Margaret
,
Ioans
sister
,
who
suddenly
enters
Italy
before
Anjou
was
ready
,
defeats
Otto
of
Brunswick
,
and
imprisons
him
;
and
Ioan
,
who
had
yielded
her self
,
by
his
command
is
stifled
with
a
pillow
held
on
her
face
.
Three
years
after
Otto
escaped
out
of
prison
,
and
recovers
Naples
;
but
shortly
after
died
.
Lewis
of
Anjou
,
by
the
help
of
Clement
the
seventh
,
raised
30000.
men
,
with
which
he
makes
war
against
Charles
two
years
together
,
takes
in
Tarentum
,
with
some
other
places
,
and
was
like
to
carry
the
whole
kingdome
;
but
being
poisoned
by
a
draught
of
infected
water
,
died
;
and
so
the
Army
,
and
withall
the
kingdome
fell
to
Charles
without
blood-shed
,
who
shortly
after
is
called
back
into
Hungary
against
Sigismund
,
where
he
is
treacherously
killed
by
the
Queen
widow
.
His
son
Ladislaus
took
Rome
twice
,
being
divided
into
factions
.
Against
him
,
Alexander
the
fifth
,
and
the
Florentines
call
in
Lewis
of
Anjou
,
son
to
the
former
,
who
defeats
Ladislaus
;
but
afterward
Anjou
was
worsted
,
and
the
Florentines
forced
to
make
peace
on
disadvantagious
tearms
.
Ladislaus
is
poisoned
at
Rome
;
to
him
succeeded
his
sister
Ioan
in
the
kingdome
,
who
adopted
Alphonsus
,
king
Ferdinands
son
of
Arragon
,
and
afterward
dis-inherited
him
,
she
promiseth
the
kingdome
to
Lewis
of
Anjou
,
grandchild
to
the
first
Lewis
:
Hereupon
a
war
is
raised
between
Alphonsus
and
Lewis
,
in
which
Alphonsus
at
last
got
the
victory
,
and
left
the
possession
of
the
kingdome
to
his
base
son
Ferdinand
.
Lewis
,
by
Ioans
consent
,
makes
his
brother
Renatus
Heir
to
the
Crown
;
but
she
dying
,
he
lost
his
right
.
His
son
Iohn
was
defeated
at
Troy.
Renatus
the
father
conferred
his
right
upon
his
brother
Charles
his
son
,
who
was
onely
left
alive
of
the
stock
of
Anjou
;
he
left
his
right
by
will
to
Lewis
the
11.
of
France
.
Charles
the
eighth
,
the
son
of
Lewis
,
by
claiming
his
Right
,
occasioned
great
wars
between
Arragon
and
France
.
Rome
,
in
the
Popes
absence
,
is
torn
in
sunder
by
the
Columnii
and
Ursini
.
One
Nicholaus
a
Scrivener
did
so
insinuate
himself
into
the
foolish
multitude
,
by
his
wit
,
that
he
made
them
beleeve
they
might
recover
the
Cities
ancient
Monarchy
,
by
adhering
to
him
;
whereupon
he
took
upon
him
the
Titles
of
Augustus
,
Severus
,
and
Clemens
;
then
seiseth
upon
the
Capitol
;
multitudes
both
of
the
City
,
and
abroad
,
adhere
to
him
:
he
sends
his
Edicts
to
the
Italian
Princes
to
submit
themselves
to
him
;
he
sends
to
the
Pope
to
repair
into
the
City
within
the
prefixed
time
of
a
year
,
or
else
to
lose
his
Pontificat
;
he
commands
the
seven
Electors
,
and
other
Princes
of
Germany
to
wait
on
him
,
or
else
he
would
proceed
against
their
contumacy
;
but
the
next
year
this
short-lived
Emperour
was
by
the
Popes
forces
driven
out
of
Rome
and
Italy
,
and
afterward
being
apprehended
,
was
sent
in
chaines
to
the
Pope
.
About
this
time
the
Pestilence
so
raged
through
Europe
,
that
it
swept
away
the
third
part
of
mankind
:
The
Jews
were
accused
and
burned
for
infecting
the
Springs
.
CHAP.
VI.
1.
The
Eastern
Affairs
under
the
Palaeologi
.
2.
A
brief
History
of
the
Turks
,
till
the
year
1412.
3.
The
brief
Historie
of
Sweden
,
Denmark
and
Norway
,
till
the
same
year
1412.
AFter
the
death
of
Andronicus
senior
the
son
of
Michael
,
the
Palaeologi
began
Andronicus
junior
having
(
as
is
already
said
)
deposed
his
Grandfather
,
reigned
eight
years
,
and
left
Iohn
Cantacuzenus
Tutor
to
his
two
sons
,
Iohn
Palaeologus
and
Manuel
.
Sixteen
years
after
Cantacuzenus
was
driven
out
,
and
Iohn
Palaeologus
reigned
seven
and
twenty
years
,
whose
successor
was
Manuel
;
he
ruled
four
and
thirty
years
,
to
whom
suceeded
his
son
Iohn
seven
and
twenty
years
,
whose
Successor
was
Constantine
the
eighth
and
last
,
for
in
the
eight
year
of
his
reign
Constantinople
was
taken
by
the
Turks
.
Cantacuzenus
,
for
his
ambition
in
aiming
at
the
Empire
,
is
banished
;
whereupon
he
raised
an
Army
,
with
which
he
vexed
Iohn
,
and
his
Mother
a
widow
,
five
years
together
;
at
last
took
Byzantium
by
treachery
,
and
made
himself
Emperour
,
and
Iohn
his
Colleague
,
on
whom
he
bestowed
his
daughter
in
marriage
;
but
he
disliking
his
father-in-law's
greatness
,
fled
to
Tenedos
to
raise
Forces
against
him
,
and
procured
Francis
Cataluscus
the
Genuan
to
assist
him
,
for
whose
service
he
gave
him
the
Isle
Lesbos
with
Mitylene
,
which
his
Venetians
,
Catalanians
,
and
King
of
Sicily
against
the
Genuois
.
A
war
is
begun
,
the
Genuois
in
a
Sea-fight
at
Scutari
,
between
Byzantium
and
Chalcedon
,
get
the
Victory
,
under
Auria
Admiral
of
their
Fleet
;
but
the
next
year
the
Genuois
at
Corsica
are
overthrown
by
Pisanus
the
Venetian
who
sunk
one
and
forty
of
their
Gallies
.
After
this
Auria
renewes
his
Fleet
,
and
fights
Pisanus
neer
Peloponnesus
,
defeats
and
takes
him
prisoner
with
5000.
more
,
whom
he
carrieth
in
triumph
into
Genua
.
Upon
this
Cantacuzenus
remits
the
Empire
to
his
eldest
son
Andronicus
,
and
shuts
himself
up
in
a
Monastery
.
His
youngest
son
Manuel
he
makes
Despot
,
and
Governour
of
Sparta
in
Laconia
:
His
daughter
he
had
married
before
to
Orchanes
the
Turk
;
but
Andronicus
is
driven
out
of
his
Empire
by
Palaeologus
,
and
flies
to
Rhodes
,
hoping
to
finde
assistance
of
the
great
Master
;
but
failing
of
this
he
repaires
to
his
brother
at
Peloponnesus
,
where
he
spent
the
rest
of
his
life
in
private
.
Iohn
having
obtained
the
Empire
,
or
shadow
of
it
rather
,
went
to
Italy
for
assistance
,
but
being
slighted
there
,
returns
to
Byzantium
and
seeing
he
could
not
maintain
himself
against
the
Bulgarian
and
Servian
Forces
in
Armes
against
him
,
he
makes
a
league
with
Amurathes
,
to
whose
protection
he
both
submits
himself
and
Kingdome
,
promising
a
yearly
tribute
,
for
the
payment
whereof
he
delivers
his
youngest
son
Theodorus
as
hostage
:
By
this
means
the
Greek
Emperours
became
Vassals
to
the
Turk
.
Iohn
,
in
his
absence
had
made
his
eldest
sonne
Andronicus
Governour
of
the
Empire
;
and
his
other
sonne
Emanuel
,
Ruler
of
Thessalonica
.
Andronicus
was
accused
of
Treason
,
as
if
he
had
conspired
with
Amurathes
his
sonne
to
kill
the
Emperour
;
therefore
with
scalding
Vinegar
his
eyes
were
put
out
.
Bajazet
sent
Theodorus
into
Peloponnesus
,
having
put
the
Cantacuzeni
to
death
.
Blinde
Andronicus
,
having
recovered
a
little
sight
,
complains
of
his
father
and
brother
to
Bajazet
,
who
thrust
both
the
Father
and
the
sonne
into
a
dark
Dungeon
,
and
conferred
the
Empire
on
Andronicus
;
but
three
years
after
Emanuel
escaped
out
of
prison
,
and
by
the
help
of
Bajazet
thrust
him
from
his
government
,
and
sent
him
bound
with
his
son
Iohn
to
the
Turks
Court.
Emanuel
having
profferred
a
yearly
tribute
of
three
millions
of
Crowns
to
Bajazet
,
obtaines
the
Kingdome
;
he
is
enjoyned
to
deliver
up
Philadelphia
which
had
been
divers
times
besieged
in
vain
,
to
give
hostages
,
and
to
bind
himself
by
oath
to
aid
the
Turks
with
Auxiliaries
upon
all
occasions
.
But
not
long
after
,
Iohn
the
son
of
Andronicus
accuseth
his
Uncle
to
Bajazet
,
and
alienates
him
so
from
Emanuel
,
that
be
besieged
Byzantium
,
and
seeing
he
could
not
take
it
by
force
,
resolves
to
gain
it
by
famine
;
but
the
sudden
breaking
in
of
Tamerlan
the
Scythian
,
diverted
him
from
his
enterprise
.
Emanuel
intending
for
Italy
to
procure
men
and
money
of
the
Latine
Princes
against
the
Turks
▪
leaves
Iohn
the
son
of
Andronicus
governour
of
the
Kingdome
in
his
absence
;
for
he
was
now
out
of
the
Turks
favour
,
for
complying
secretly
with
his
brother
:
Theodorus
,
the
other
brother
,
fearing
lest
Bajazet
would
have
taken
Byzantium
,
when
he
lay
before
it
,
sold
Argos
and
Nauplium
to
the
Venetians
,
and
Sparta
to
the
Rhodians
;
But
the
Turks
afterward
destroyed
Argos
,
and
Sparta
returned
to
the
Palaeologi
.
This
Emanuel
had
seven
sons
,
by
his
Turkish
wife
,
widow
to
the
King
of
Trapezuntum
;
Iohn
his
successour
,
Andronicus
governour
of
Thessalonia
,
which
he
after
sold
to
the
Venetians
,
and
so
in
Peloponesus
obtained
Mantinaea
of
his
brothers
;
His
third
son
was
Michael
;
the
fourth
Theodorus
Prince
of
Peloponesus
,
he
strove
with
his
brother
Iohn
for
the
Empire
,
choosing
Amurathes
for
Arbitrator
;
the
fifth
Demetrius
,
He
took
from
the
Albans
Peloponnesus
by
the
Turks
help
,
for
which
he
paid
a
yearly
tribute
of
fifteen
thousand
Crowns
,
at
last
he
yeelded
himself
and
Sparta
to
Mahumet
;
The
sixth
Thomas
,
who
after
Byzantium
was
taken
,
and
Pelopounesus
lost
,
lived
obscurely
in
Rome
;
The
seventh
Constantine
,
succeeded
Iohn
in
the
Empire
.
About
these
times
Greece
was
torn
in
peeces
by
the
Venetians
,
Genuois
,
Neapolitans
,
Spaniards
,
Bulgarians
,
and
Servians
,
or
Triballians
,
every
one
of
these
snatching
away
a
share
of
that
wretched
Country
;
not
long
after
the
Venetians
lost
Athens
to
Antonius
the
son
of
Reinerius
the
Florentine
:
The
widow
of
this
Anthony
after
her
husbands
death
,
bought
the
Principality
from
Mahumet
,
and
falling
in
love
with
a
Venetian
Merchant
(
who
for
her
sake
poysoned
his
former
wife
)
made
him
Prince
,
who
being
accused
by
the
Gentry
of
Athens
for
Tyranny
,
is
by
Mahumet
commanded
to
be
slain
,
and
his
wife
also
,
and
then
commands
the
President
of
Thessaly
to
take
possession
of
Athens
;
which
afterward
,
because
of
the
often
seditions
of
the
Citizens
,
he
destroyed
with
its
Tower
,
and
so
endeth
this
famous
City
for
Arts
and
Arms
,
having
flourished
from
Solon
to
this
Mahumet
two
thousand
years
:
now
it
is
a
poor
Fisher-town
.
Theodorus
Emanuels
fourth
son
kept
out
the
Turks
by
land
from
Peloponnesus
by
building
a
wall
in
Isthmus
reaching
between
the
Ionian
and
Aegaean
Seas
,
where
stood
the
two
Cities
Corinth
and
Megara
.
To
Emanuel
succeeded
his
eldest
son
Iohn
,
who
being
stript
of
all
power
could
act
nothing
memorable
;
he
went
to
the
Councel
of
Florence
,
and
shortly
after
his
return
dyed
,
to
whom
succeeded
Constantine
the
seventh
his
youngest
brother
.
He
had
done
good
service
against
the
Turks
before
he
was
Emperor
;
but
when
Amurathes
had
taken
Heraclea
,
he
was
forced
to
submit
to
the
Conqueror
,
and
to
beat
down
the
wall
again
of
Peloponnesus
,
which
afterward
the
Venetians
set
up
,
but
Mahumet
totally
overthrew
it
.
In
him
ended
the
Greek
Empire
,
Byzantium
being
taken
by
Mahumet
.
The
Turks
,
originally
Schytians
,
or
Sarmatians
,
who
had
broke
into
Asia
through
the
Caspian
straits
,
and
had
served
Heraclius
against
the
Persians
,
who
afterward
served
the
Persians
,
and
subdued
them
,
and
withall
received
from
their
conquered
subjects
Mahumetanisme
:
whom
afterwards
the
Tartars
much
weakned
;
but
after
their
departure
;
the
Turks
recovered
all
that
they
had
lost
in
Asia
,
and
much
more
,
dividing
themselves
into
divers
Tetrarchies
according
to
their
Families
,
of
which
the
four
chief
were
,
the
Assimbei
,
Candelori
,
Caramanus
,
and
Ottomanus
.
The
first
possessed
Cappadocia
with
Armenia
the
lesse
;
The
second
had
the
Country
Sinope
about
Pontus
;
The
Carmans
had
Cilicia
,
and
the
Ottomans
Bithinia
,
and
the
Country
about
Olympus
:
but
in
time
Mahumet
the
Ottoman
swallowed
up
the
Candelorians
and
Caramans
Countries
,
who
fled
to
the
Assimbeans
for
help
;
of
these
came
Ussumcassanes
who
subdued
the
Kingdome
of
Persia
,
and
had
long
wars
withthe
Ottomans
,
as
we
shall
see
hereafter
.
The
occasion
of
the
quarrel
were
Hali
and
Homar
,
the
two
Interpreters
of
Mahumets
Alcoran
;
The
Ottomans
followed
Hali
,
the
rest
Homar
.
The
first
Ottoman
began
to
flourish
about
the
year
1300.
and
reigned
Phrygia
,
Sinope
in
Galatia
,
where
King
Mithridates
was
born
and
buried
,
and
Sebastia
in
Cappadocia
,
it
is
at
this
day
called
Siva
;
He
subdued
also
Prusia
the
Metropolis
of
Bythina
,
and
there
made
his
residence
,
though
some
adscribe
this
to
his
son
Orchanes
.
A
little
before
his
death
,
eight
thousand
Turks
brake
into
Europe
,
having
passed
the
Hellespont
,
and
joyned
themselves
with
the
Catallani
.
Ottoman
left
three
sons
;
the
youngest
Orchanes
,
(
the
other
two
brothers
being
slain
,
)
succeeded
.
Orchanes
subdued
Mysia
,
Lydia
,
Lycaonia
,
Phrygia
,
and
Caria
,
extending
his
conquest
to
the
Hellespont
and
Euxin
sea
,
whilst
Cantacuzenus
,
and
the
Palaeologi
are
striving
for
mastery
;
some
think
he
was
slain
by
an
arrow
at
the
siege
of
Prusia
,
others
that
he
was
killed
in
a
battell
against
the
Tartars
;
Some
write
he
reigned
two
and
thirty
years
,
others
but
two
and
twenty
.
To
him
succeeded
Amurathes
the
first
,
whose
elder
brother
Solyman
,
that
first
of
the
Turks
entred
Europe
with
an
Army
,
was
dead
of
a
fall
from
his
horse
,
as
he
was
coursing
an
Hare
.
This
Amurathes
overcame
the
Triballians
,
enemies
to
the
Greeks
,
and
took
in
divers
Towns
of
Thracia
;
multitudes
of
Christians
fled
into
Adrianopolis
,
whom
he
besieged
and
took
.
Then
desirous
to
transport
them
into
Asia
,
he
was
advised
by
his
Priests
to
pick
out
every
fifth
man
that
was
most
handsome
and
sound
;
these
were
distributed
among
the
Turks
,
to
learn
their
discipline
and
exercises
,
and
after
three
years
to
be
brought
to
the
Port
and
made
Ianisars
,
in
which
consisteth
the
Turkish
strength
against
Christendome
.
He
makes
Adrianopolis
the
seat
of
his
Kingdome
.
He
plunders
Macedonia
,
and
gives
the
booty
to
his
Souldiers
;
but
understanding
that
the
Mysians
and
Triballians
had
raised
a
great
Army
against
him
,
was
resolved
to
restore
to
the
Greeks
their
Cities
again
,
and
to
return
into
Asia
,
had
not
the
Earthquake
which
overthrew
the
walls
of
many
Townes
,
invited
the
Turkes
to
possess
them
.
He
falls
upon
the
Triballi
as
they
were
in
drink
,
and
subdues
them
.
Susman
King
of
Mysia
,
to
pacifie
Amurathes
,
bestows
his
daughter
on
him
,
the
other
he
marrieth
to
Andronicus
the
son
of
Iohn
,
who
became
stipendary
and
tributary
to
the
Sultan
.
After
this
,
Amurathes
subdues
the
Governours
of
Asia
who
had
revolted
from
him
.
Whilst
he
with
Iohn
the
Emperour
were
absent
in
Asia
,
his
son
Sanzes
,
with
Andronicus
Iohns
son
,
combine
against
their
Fathers
,
who
were
rewarded
both
with
the
losse
of
their
eyes
.
Amurathes
at
last
subdued
Lararus
the
Despot
of
Servia
or
Triballia
,
and
put
him
in
prison
:
to
revenge
this
wrong
,
a
servant
of
Lazarus
faining
himself
a
fugitive
,
got
access
to
the
Sultan
,
whom
presently
he
run
through
with
his
sword
;
and
so
dyed
Amurathes
,
after
he
had
fought
seven
and
thirty
Battels
,
and
reigned
two
and
thirty
years
,
some
say
but
three
and
twenty
.
His
sonne
Bajazet
succeeded
.
Bajazet
the
first
,
with
strangling
his
brother
Iagupe
,
begins
his
Reign
:
he
enters
with
a
great
Army
the
Bulgarian
and
Servian
Countries
,
called
anciently
Mysia
and
Triballia
,
along
Isther
to
the
Pontic
sea
,
and
defeats
Marcus
the
Despot
with
all
the
Nobility
,
and
so
rangeth
through
Illiricum
,
Macedonia
and
Albania
,
even
to
Hungary
without
opposition
,
driving
thence
multitudes
of
Christians
,
and
infinite
store
of
plunder
.
Shortly
after
,
he
over-runs
Thessaly
and
Thrace
,
even
to
Bosphorus
,
then
destroyes
the
Suburbs
of
Byzantium
,
and
so
affrighteth
Iohn
Palaeologus
,
that
he
is
forced
to
seek
out
aid
of
the
French
;
Charles
the
sixth
then
reigning
,
sends
Iohn
Earl
of
Nivern
his
Cousin-german
,
who
afterward
got
the
Dutchy
of
Burgundy
with
an
Army
to
assist
Sigismund
King
of
Hungary
against
the
common
enemy
;
divers
Princes
of
France
and
Germany
accompanied
Iohn
.
After
they
had
joyned
their
forces
with
Sigismund
,
they
march
through
Servia
,
and
obtained
some
small
victories
by
the
way
.
Then
they
laid
siege
to
Nicopolis
,
which
gave
time
to
Bajazet
to
arm
himself
,
who
having
gathered
together
two
hundred
thousand
,
sent
before
eight
thousand
light
horsemen
,
which
the
French
set
upon
,
and
after
them
the
Hungarians
and
Germans
;
but
on
a
sudden
they
were
encompassed
Mytilene
.
Iohn
upon
his
return
ordained
the
Order
of
the
Golden-Fleece
,
in
memory
of
his
banishment
in
that
Country
where
the
Golden-Fleece
was
found
by
●…ason
,
and
where
Peter
and
Andrew
the
Apostles
preached
:
Their
garment
is
of
crimson
Velvet
,
with
a
Mantle
of
the
same
lined
with
white
,
and
richly
embroidered
round
about
with
a
border
of
Flames
and
Fleeces
;
the
Hood
also
is
of
crimson
Velvet
,
the
Collar
of
gold
,
the
Toison
or
Fleece
hanging
thereat
,
either
in
memory
of
Iasons
,
or
of
Gideons
Fleece
.
Some
think
this
order
was
instituted
afterward
by
Philip
Duke
of
Burgundy
and
Earl
of
Flanders
in
the
year
1429.
having
a
resolution
to
conquer
the
Holy-Land
.
Bajazet
after
this
victory
returns
to
the
siege
of
Constantinople
,
which
he
was
forced
to
give
over
,
upon
the
entring
of
Tamerlan
into
Asia
,
having
four
hundred
thousand
horse
,
and
six
hundred
thousand
foot
.
This
Tamerlan
,
called
by
the
Greeks
Timyres
,
was
a
Citizen
of
Samarcanda
Metropolis
of
the
Zagatains
in
Tartary
.
He
entring
Asia
takes
in
some
Towns
of
Armenia
,
and
sets
on
fire
Sultania
called
of
old
Tygranocerta
sometime
the
seat
of
the
Persian
Kings
.
So
having
crossed
Euphrates
,
he
enters
Cappadocia
where
he
took
Sebastia
now
called
Suias
,
and
in
it
put
to
death
Orthobules
Bajazets
son
.
He
caused
his
horse
to
tread
to
death
all
the
Captives
,
being
innumerable
.
Bajazet
with
a
great
Army
met
him
at
mount
Stella
,
where
Pompy
overthrew
Mithridates
,
at
the
foot
of
Antitaurus
,
a
cruel
battel
is
fought
,
in
which
a
hundred
and
forty
thousand
were
slain
;
Bajazet
is
taken
,
his
horse
being
shot
under
After
this
victory
Tamerlan
having
passed
over
Taurus
,
enters
Mesopotamia
,
subduing
all
before
him
even
to
the
Syrian
sea
.
He
defeated
the
Egyptian
Sultan
,
not
far
from
Pelusium
.
All
the
Cities
of
Syria
,
even
Damascus
at
last
yeelded
to
him
.
His
custome
was
to
present
a
white
Flag
the
first
day
that
he
sate
down
before
any
place
,
the
next
day
a
red
one
,
and
the
third
a
black
;
the
first
did
signifie
mercy
,
the
second
punishment
,
and
the
third
death
to
those
that
held
out
three
dayes
against
him
.
So
having
glutted
himself
with
spoils
and
victories
,
and
the
plague
raging
in
his
Army
upon
the
desarts
of
Egypt
,
he
returns
in
triumph
to
Samarcanda
,
where
he
died
;
he
reigned
forty
years
,
and
Bajazet
24.
others
say
26.
What
Tamerlan
suddenly
got
,
was
as
suddenly
Scandia
or
Scandinavia
,
from
whence
of
old
issued
out
upon
the
Roman
Empire
,
Swedes
,
Normans
,
Vandals
and
Goths
,
contains
now
three
Kingdomes
,
Swethland
,
Denmark
,
and
Norway
:
Swethland
is
the
ancienter
,
giving
original
to
the
Kings
of
Denmark
and
Norway
;
for
Dan
the
first
king
of
Denmark
,
which
from
him
was
called
Dania
,
was
the
son
of
Humel
the
sixteenth
King
of
Sweden
;
but
there
had
been
five
and
twenty
Kings
in
Sweden
,
before
there
was
any
King
in
Norway
.
Haland
and
others
who
succeeded
him
were
but
petty
Kings
,
Harald
the
first
was
the
first
Monarch
there
.
Sweden
was
governed
by
its
own
Kings
,
till
Erichson
(
otherwise
Smeck
)
King
of
Sweden
and
Norway
was
deposed
by
his
subjects
,
and
Albert
Duke
of
Megapolis
his
sisters
sonne
made
King
,
who
oppressing
the
Nobility
,
and
filling
the
kingdome
with
Germans
,
the
Peers
fell
off
from
him
to
Margaret
Queen
of
Denmark
and
Norway
,
who
was
then
in
arms
against
Albert
,
and
so
the
three
kingdoms
were
united
;
till
the
Kings
began
to
despise
the
Swedes
,
and
commit
all
power
to
the
Danes
;
whereupon
the
Swedes
and
Norwegians
chose
Charls
the
son
of
Canutus
,
a
Noble
man
of
Swethland
,
for
their
King
:
but
the
Norwegians
being
enticed
by
Christiern
the
first
,
King
of
Denmark
,
submitted
to
the
Danes
.
In
Swethland
,
Gustavus
the
first
descended
from
the
ancient
Swedish
kings
,
freed
his
country
from
the
Danish
yoke
;
in
thankful
remembrance
of
which
benefit
,
his
posterity
are
allowed
by
the
Swedes
to
inherit
the
kingdome
.
The
first
Christian
King
of
Swethland
was
Biornus
;
before
whom
though
they
reckon
an
hundred
Kings
,
yet
are
their
stories
so
defective
,
that
most
of
their
names
and
actions
are
buried
in
oblivion
.
This
Biornus
lived
about
the
year
816.
in
the
time
of
Lewis
son
to
Charls
the
Great
.
The
next
we
find
after
him
is
Ericus
Sanctus
,
whom
they
reckon
their
124.
King.
After
him
the
posterity
of
Suercherus
and
Ericus
reigned
by
turns
:
for
Suercherus
king
of
the
Goths
and
Swedes
,
being
murthered
by
his
own
servant
,
Ericus
obtained
the
kingdome
by
his
worth
and
prowesse
;
He
made
good
lawes
,
converted
the
Finlanders
to
Christ
,
and
governed
his
kingdom
in
peace
and
justice
;
yet
he
was
murthered
by
his
Nobility
.
To
whom
succeeded
Charls
the
son
of
Suercherus
,
after
he
had
reigned
two
years
over
the
Ostrogoths
,
who
fell
off
from
the
Swedes
for
choosing
Ericus
to
be
their
King
;
after
whose
death
he
governed
both
kingdoms
eight
years
:
but
being
hated
for
his
affection
to
the
Daes
,
he
was
murthered
by
Canutus
the
sonne
of
Ericus
Sanctus
,
who
believed
that
Charls
had
conspired
with
the
Danes
to
murther
his
father
:
He
died
in
the
year
1168.
Cauutus
succeeded
,
the
son
of
Ericus
Sanctus
,
who
died
with
grief
for
murthering
Charls
,
in
the
year
1192.
Suercherus
the
son
of
Charls
succeeded
;
He
intended
to
revenge
his
fathers
death
upon
the
posterity
of
Canutus
,
but
his
Danish
forces
were
overthrown
,
and
he
in
another
battel
was
killed
by
his
subjects
,
an.
1210.
Ericus
the
sonne
of
Canutus
,
having
escaped
the
fury
of
Suercherus
,
reigned
6
years
and
died
,
an.
1216.
His
son
Iohn
,
a
youth
of
great
hopes
,
died
the
third
year
of
his
reign
.
Ericus
Balbus
,
great
grandchild
to
Ericus
Sanctus
,
succeeded
;
His
kinsman
Canutus
conspired
against
him
,
and
drove
him
out
of
his
kingdome
;
but
he
raised
an
army
,
defeated
and
killed
Canutus
,
and
returned
in
peace
to
his
kingdom
;
He
subdued
and
converted
the
Tavestii
,
by
the
help
of
Birgerus
Prince
of
the
Ostrogoths
,
and
then
died
,
an.
1250.
Valdemarus
the
son
of
Birgerus
was
chosen
King
in
his
fathers
absence
,
who
returning
from
the
Tavestii
challenged
the
kingdome
,
as
being
rather
due
to
him
then
to
his
son
;
but
was
resisted
by
the
Army
,
and
contented
to
be
Tutor
or
Protector
during
his
sons
minority
.
Valdemar
after
his
fathers
death
,
by
the
instigation
of
his
Danish
wife
,
tyrannizeth
over
his
brothers
,
for
which
he
is
deposed
by
the
Swedes
,
and
stript
also
of
the
kingdom
of
the
Goths
.
His
brother
Magnus
Ladolus
succeeded
,
an.
1276.
who
took
his
brother
Valdemar
prisoner
,
and
so
the
quarrel
about
the
dominion
ended
;
He
murthered
at
a
feast
the
chief
men
amongst
the
Folchungi
:
then
giving
himself
to
devotion
and
works
of
piety
,
died
.
Brigerus
his
son
succeeded
,
an.
1282.
the
murtherer
of
his
brothers
,
whom
he
accused
of
treason
;
they
to
defend
themselves
,
raised
an
army
against
this
Tyrant
,
and
took
him
prisoner
;
afterward
reconciling
himself
to
them
,
invites
them
to
a
feast
,
and
treacherously
layeth
hold
on
them
and
puts
them
in
a
dungeon
,
where
they
perished
with
stench
and
famine
,
(
for
he
flung
the
keyes
of
the
prison
into
the
deep
river
hard
by
,
that
none
might
have
accesse
to
help
them
)
upon
this
his
subjects
take
arms
and
drive
him
out
of
his
kingdome
into
Denmark
,
where
he
died
miserably
with
his
wife
.
Magnus
Smeech
son
of
Ericus
,
killed
by
his
brother
Birgerus
,
succeeded
an.
1319.
He
was
a
wicked
and
libidinous
Prince
:
In
his
wars
against
Norway
he
was
taken
prisoner
by
Haquin
the
Norwegian
king
,
from
whom
being
delivered
he
fled
into
Denmark
;
there
he
proscribes
all
the
Swedish
Peers
;
which
they
slighting
,
call
in
Albert
the
Megapolitan
,
whom
by
publike
consent
they
confirmed
in
the
kingdom
at
Stockholm
;
He
proffers
reconciliation
to
Magnus
,
which
he
rejected
,
preferring
war
to
peace
;
wherefore
he
is
taken
prisoner
,
and
kept
in
custody
seven
yeares
,
till
he
was
freed
by
his
son
Haquin
.
Albert
afterward
began
to
slight
the
Swedes
,
therefore
is
slighted
by
them
,
and
in
his
wars
with
Margaret
Queen
of
Denmark
is
taken
and
detained
seven
yeares
a
prisoner
,
at
last
is
forced
to
absolve
the
Swedes
from
their
allegiance
,
an.
1394.
Margaret
the
Dane
,
wife
to
Haquin
king
of
Norway
succeeds
,
and
is
now
Lady
In
Denmark
,
Waldemar
the
third
,
whom
they
reckon
their
94.
King
,
succeeds
his
father
Christopher
;
he
was
sirnamed
the
Reprobate
,
for
his
wicked
life
.
In
the
begining
of
his
reign
,
an.
1340.
he
cuningly
got
the
possession
of
Scania
from
King
Magnus
,
and
his
Castles
which
were
kept
by
the
Germans
.
The
next
year
he
invaded
Onland
and
Gotland
,
having
slain
in
that
500.
in
this
2000.
and
lost
them
both
again
the
same
yeare
.
He
found
his
kingdom
much
impoverished
and
wasted
by
foraign
incursions
,
but
he
left
it
rich
and
flourishing
:
He
was
a
cruel
Tyrant
against
his
Nobility
,
which
he
endeavoured
to
extinguish
,
therefore
they
often
rebelled
against
him
;
but
his
daughter
Margaret
Queen
of
the
three
kingdomes
afterward
severely
punished
those
rebellious
Lords
.
This
Waldemar
being
threatened
with
an
Interdict
by
the
Pope
for
his
tyrannie
and
perfidiousnesse
,
returns
this
Answer
:
Waldemar
King
of
Denmark
to
the
Pope
of
Rome
,
sends
greeting
.
We
have
our
nature
from
God
,
our
Kingdome
from
our
Subjects
,
wealth
from
our
Parents
,
and
our
faith
from
thy
Predecessors
,
which
if
thou
wilt
not
let
us
enjoy
quietly
,
we
send
it
back
again
by
these
presents
.
Farewel
.
He
died
,
An.
1375.
To
him
succeeded
his
daughter
Margaret
,
who
by
her
father
had
Denmark
;
by
her
husband
Haquin
,
the
son
of
Magnus
Smeec
,
or
Smeg
,
Swetbland
and
Norway
:
She
reigned
32.
years
after
her
husbands
death
;
she
finished
the
war
begun
by
Haquin
against
Albert
King
of
Sweden
,
whom
sho
Canutus
.
Margaret
being
childless
,
(
for
her
son
Olaus
was
dead
)
she
sends
for
Ericus
her
Nephew
out
of
Pomerania
,
and
makes
him
King
at
fifteen
years
of
age
;
so
they
CHAP.
VII
.
1.
The
affairs
of
Italy
,
Germany
,
Bohemia
,
the
Netherlands
,
under
Charles
the
Fourth
,
and
Wenceslaus
,
Emperours
.
2.
The
Wars
between
Venice
and
Genua
for
the
Isle
of
Tenedos
,
from
the
year
1349.
till
1400.
ALthough
Charles
the
Fourth
,
son
to
King
Iohn
of
Bohemia
,
had
been
crowned
at
Bonna
before
the
death
of
Ludovic
the
Emperour
;
yet
he
now
being
dead
,
divers
of
the
Electors
make
void
Charles
his
Election
as
fraudulent
;
wherefore
in
the
Dyet
of
Frankfort
,
Mentz
,
Palsgrave
,
Saxon
,
and
Brandeburg
proffer
the
Empire
to
King
Edward
the
third
of
England
,
who
had
lately
beat
the
French
and
Scots
;
but
he
prudently
considering
the
difficulties
of
that
great
place
,
and
the
danger
his
own
Kingdome
might
incur
by
the
French
and
Scots
in
his
absence
,
waved
that
proffer
:
Then
they
invited
Frederick
Marquess
of
Mysnia
,
a
rich
and
potent
Prince
;
but
he
refused
the
motion
,
knowing
that
he
could
not
enjoy
the
Empire
(
being
Charles
was
already
chosen
)
without
much
trouble
;
therefore
Charles
presents
Frederick
with
a
gift
of
10000.
Marks
.
The
Electors
at
last
set
up
Gunter
Earl
of
Swarceburg
in
Thuringia
,
who
came
with
an
Army
to
Frankfort
,
whither
Charles
also
Charles
in
his
younger
dayes
was
educated
in
France
with
King
Charles
;
therefore
brought
many
French
customs
into
Germany
,
and
parted
with
the
rights
of
the
kingdom
of
Arles
to
the
French
,
to
the
great
detriment
of
the
Empire
.
This
Arles
is
the
chief
city
of
Narbon
,
which
the
Burgundians
made
the
metropolis
of
their
kingdome
;
in
this
three
famous
Councels
have
been
held
.
Charles
also
to
weaken
the
greatnesse
of
the
German
Princes
,
armed
divers
Cities
against
them
with
immunities
and
priviledges
;
he
inlarged
Bohemia
with
Silesia
and
Lusatia
,
and
made
divers
Countries
thereabout
feudatory
to
Bohemia
.
He
made
Iohn
and
Albert
,
Princes
of
the
Henets
on
the
Baltick
sea
,
Dukes
of
the
Empire
.
He
advanced
the
power
of
the
Senate
in
Norimbergh
,
which
had
hitherto
been
oppressed
by
the
popular
fury
.
Being
invited
by
divers
Letters
from
Petrarch
and
others
,
to
settle
the
tumults
of
Rome
,
he
repairs
thither
;
After
he
had
been
crowned
at
Milain
with
iron
,
is
there
crowned
with
gold
.
There
he
stayed
but
a
short
while
,
for
so
he
had
promised
by
the
Iohn
Galeacius
allowed
large
stipends
to
Baldus
and
the
two
Raphaels
to
read
the
Law
,
to
Marsilius
to
professe
physick
,
and
to
Emanuel
Chrysoloras
to
read
the
Greek
tongue
.
Charles
having
returned
into
Germany
,
calls
a
Diet
of
the
Princes
,
where
he
contracts
and
digests
all
the
ancient
rights
,
customs
,
priviledges
and
constitutions
belonging
to
the
Empire
,
into
an
Epitome
and
method
:
this
was
called
Lex
Carolina
,
&
Aurea
bulla
,
the
golden
Patent
.
This
contains
all
the
rites
and
lawes
concerning
the
Emperors
election
,
and
shewes
how
far
each
Princes
authority
extends
;
By
this
all
contentions
about
the
Emperors
election
are
cut
off
,
and
each
Prince
confined
within
his
own
bounds
.
This
Patent
or
Bul
was
made
and
proclaimed
at
Norimbergh
.
After
this
Diet
,
Charles
repairs
to
Pope
Urban
5.
at
Avenion
,
whose
stirrop
he
held
,
and
followed
him
on
foot
.
Then
dedicated
the
rest
of
his
life
to
works
of
charity
and
piety
;
To
setling
of
About
this
time
,
the
Dukedome
of
Gelder
fell
from
Reynold
for
want
of
issue
male
,
to
William
Earl
of
Iulia
,
who
married
his
daughter
Mary
.
Afterward
,
for
want
of
issue
,
William
of
Monts
seised
upon
both
Gelder
and
Iulia
;
and
because
Arnold
of
Egmont
laid
claim
to
Gelder
,
Gerard
the
son
of
William
gave
up
his
right
to
Charles
Duke
of
Burgundy
.
Not
long
after
this
,
Cleve
fell
to
the
Earles
of
Marca
,
for
want
of
issue
male
.
Burgundy
was
then
in
the
possession
of
Philip
the
Bold
,
brother
to
Charles
the
fifth
of
France
,
who
bestowed
Burgundy
on
him
,
that
he
might
the
more
easily
obtain
the
marriage
of
Margaret
of
Flanders
.
This
Dutchy
fell
to
Iohn
Father
of
Philip
,
by
the
death
of
Otto
Duke
of
Burgundy
.
Brabant
was
in
controversie
between
Wenceslaus
of
Lucelburgh
,
and
Lewis
Earle
of
Flanders
,
in
right
of
their
Wives
;
Lewis
prevailed
,
and
left
to
his
daughter
Margaret
,
who
married
with
Philip
the
Bold
,
Flanders
,
Artois
,
the
County
of
Burgundy
,
Nivern
,
Rethelin
,
Salina
,
and
Mechlin
.
Philip
left
Flanders
,
Burgundy
,
and
Artois
to
his
son
Iohn
;
Brabant
and
Lucelburgh
to
his
son
Antony
;
to
his
third
son
Philip
,
Nivern
and
Rethelin
.
Antonies
son
Iohn
Duke
of
Brabant
,
founded
the
University
of
Lovain
.
The
Emperor
Charles
having
sold
and
given
away
so
many
Towns
,
lands
and
priviledges
from
the
Empire
,
much
weakned
it
;
his
chief
care
was
to
enrich
and
honour
Bohemia
;
he
carried
to
Prague
(
which
he
had
beautified
and
enlarged
)
the
Lance
with
which
Christs
side
was
pierced
,
the
Nails
,
the
sponge
,
and
part
of
the
Cross
,
with
the
sword
of
Charles
the
Great
,
and
a
Tooth
of
Iohn
Baptist
,
which
the
Pope
had
honoured
with
a
solemn
Holy-day
.
He
gave
to
the
eldest
of
his
Predecessours
sons
the
Principality
of
Upper-Bavaria
,
to
his
other
son
Brandeburg
,
to
William
the
third
son
Holland
and
Hannonia
,
to
Margaret
the
widow
their
mother
a
yearly
pension
:
but
she
discontented
for
the
loss
of
Holland
,
requires
it
again
from
her
son
William
,
which
he
refused
;
upon
this
a
war
is
raised
,
and
a
cruel
battel
fought
between
the
Mother
and
Son
;
at
last
Hannonia
is
given
to
the
Empress
for
her
life
,
after
whose
death
William
grew
distracted
,
and
so
continued
many
years
.
Charles
before
his
death
divided
Bohemia
into
twelve
Counties
,
and
abolished
the
new
sect
of
Whippers
;
he
bought
the
Marquisat
of
Brandeburg
from
the
posterity
of
Bavare
,
and
bestowed
it
on
his
sonne
Sigismund
:
when
he
sent
his
sonne
Wenceslaus
to
be
christened
at
Aix
,
he
sent
with
him
his
weight
in
gold
,
to
make
him
the
more
welcome
to
the
Virgin-Mary
;
at
two
yeares
old
he
gave
him
the
Crowne
of
Bohemia
;
at
fifteen
he
made
him
Augustus
;
having
promised
to
each
Elector
a
hundred
thousand
Crowns
,
for
payment
of
which
he
made
over
to
them
the
publike
tributes
of
the
Empire
:
he
married
his
son
Sigismund
to
Mary
the
daughter
of
Hungary
,
therefore
sent
him
thither
to
be
educated
in
the
language
and
custome
of
the
Country
,
in
hope
that
he
should
be
King
;
he
made
Lunenburg
a
Dutchy
,
and
punished
those
that
imprisoned
any
Clergy-men
.
About
this
time
,
the
Venetians
and
the
Genuois
quarrelled
,
because
Petrinus
King
of
Cyprus
at
his
Coronation
,
had
preferred
the
Venetians
to
the
Genuois
;
whereupon
Cyprus
is
wasted
,
and
Tamagusta
taken
by
the
Genuois
.
Shortly
after
the
Florentines
being
offended
with
the
Popes
Legat
,
caused
many
Cities
of
Italy
to
fall
off
from
the
Pope
,
who
in
their
Banners
carried
the
word
Liberty
;
with
those
the
Bononians
joyned
;
Pope
Gregory
sent
an
Army
of
Britons
to
reduce
them
to
obedience
,
but
in
vain
;
wherefore
being
perswaded
by
Catherine
of
Sena
,
and
perceiving
what
losse
Italy
sustained
by
his
absence
,
returns
to
Rome
,
and
so
much
the
rather
,
because
one
day
reproving
a
Bishop
for
being
so
long
absent
from
his
charge
,
who
answered
,
And
why
do
you
who
should
give
example
to
others
,
stay
so
long
away
from
your
Bishoprick
?
Divers
Towns
of
Germany
finding
no
favour
or
assistance
from
their
Princes
,
enter
into
a
mutual
confederacie
;
these
are
called
Hans-towns
,
whereof
there
be
six
in
Vandalia
,
eight
in
Pomerania
,
six
in
Prutenia
,
four
in
Livonia
,
thirteen
in
Saxony
,
ten
in
Westphalia
,
six
in
Clivia
and
Monts
,
seven
in
Geldria
,
three
in
Transilvania
,
and
three
in
Frisia
,
besides
fourteen
other
Towns
that
fell
off
afterward
an.
1554.
To
Charles
succeeded
his
son
Wenceslaus
in
the
Empire
:
when
he
was
baptized
he
fouled
the
water
with
his
dung
,
and
so
he
did
the
Altar
two
years
after
when
he
was
crowned
King
;
this
presaged
his
foul
and
vicious
life
,
for
he
was
notorious
in
drunkenness
,
tyranny
,
cowardise
,
and
letchery
:
In
his
time
most
Cities
were
infested
with
seditions
,
and
the
high-way
with
robbers
,
whilst
he
lay
wallowing
in
lust
and
pleasures
;
nor
durst
any
man
admonish
him
,
he
was
so
cruel
,
that
he
spared
not
to
murther
them
at
his
table
;
he
carried
about
a
Hangman
with
him
,
whom
he
called
Gossip
,
because
he
christened
his
childe
;
many
times
he
would
make
him
light
from
his
horse
in
the
high-way
,
and
murther
some
whom
he
met
,
when
he
had
a
minde
to
it
:
He
was
so
offended
with
his
wife
the
daughter
of
Albert
of
Holland
,
that
because
she
reproved
him
for
his
whoredomes
,
he
drowned
her
Confessor
for
that
he
refused
to
discover
her
sins
she
had
confessed
;
and
then
he
set
his
Mastif-dog
which
he
kept
and
fed
in
his
chamber
,
upon
her
,
and
murthered
her
:
He
permitted
many
thousand
Iews
to
be
murthered
in
a
tumult
at
Prague
;
for
which
cruelties
that
City
was
so
visited
with
the
plague
,
that
in
one
Parish
in
the
space
of
four
months
,
there
dyed
three
thousand
five
hundred
:
about
which
time
was
found
out
by
Bertholdus
Niger
a
Monk
,
the
diabolical
art
of
shooting
with
Guns
,
worse
then
the
plague
:
The
Venetians
were
the
first
that
made
use
of
them
against
the
Genuois
.
The
people
being
impatient
of
such
a
Tyrant
,
notwithstanding
his
strong
guards
,
which
he
was
stil
changing
out
of
jealousie
and
fear
,
seised
upon
him
,
and
imprisoned
him
four
months
at
Prague
:
at
last
,
by
much
intreaty
he
was
permitted
by
the
Senate
to
bathe
himself
,
and
to
wash
away
Sigismund
.
Ludovic
of
Austria
was
slain
by
the
Switzers
.
Wenceslaus
willing
to
escape
,
promised
great
matters
to
a
Fisher-man
,
who
used
to
bring
the
prisoners
sometimes
small
Fishes
,
out
of
pity
:
this
Fisher-man
by
the
help
of
a
long
string
got
him
into
his
Boat
,
and
brought
him
to
Vicegrad
,
whence
he
got
away
in
a
Beggers
habit
to
Prague
,
where
having
got
within
the
Castle
,
cries
out
,
He
was
the
King
,
and
wished
all
Royalists
to
assist
him
;
upon
this
,
above
twenty
repaire
to
him
,
and
seise
upon
the
Governour
,
whom
they
put
in
irons
:
Then
did
Wenceslaus
force
him
to
write
Letters
,
and
to
seal
them
with
his
own
Seal
,
inviting
divers
Magistrates
into
the
Castle
,
who
not
dreaming
of
the
Kings
being
there
,
were
by
his
command
apprehended
and
put
to
death
:
the
Fisherman
was
Knighted
.
Then
to
strengthen
himself
,
he
marrieth
with
Sophia
the
daughter
of
Iohn
Duke
of
Bavaria
:
but
the
Electors
perceiving
that
he
grew
rather
worse
then
better
,
did
unanimously
depose
him
from
the
Empire
,
having
reigned
two
and
twenty
Among
other
wrongs
done
by
him
to
the
Empire
,
the
selling
away
of
the
Principality
of
Millan
,
was
not
the
least
;
for
whereas
till
now
the
Governours
of
Millan
were
the
Emperours
Lieutenants
and
Deputies
,
Iohn
Galeacius
the
Viscount
,
for
a
sum
of
money
,
is
made
Duke
and
absolute
Lord
for
him
and
his
posterity
,
and
the
Cap
with
the
Scepter
are
sent
him
from
Wenceslaus
.
Under
his
father
Charles
the
Empire
was
weakned
by
great
quarrels
The
great
quarrel
between
the
Venetians
and
Genuois
fell
out
upon
this
occasion
.
The
two
brothers
Andronicus
and
Manuel
strove
for
the
Greek
Empire
;
Andronicus
the
elder
claimed
it
by
right
of
primogeniture
,
Manuel
the
younger
by
his
fathers
last
will
,
who
bequeathed
it
to
him
:
With
Andronicus
the
Genuois
sided
,
with
Manuel
the
Venetians
.
The
one
bestows
the
Isle
Tenedos
on
the
Genuois
,
the
other
on
the
Venetians
,
who
presently
seised
on
it
,
lying
in
the
mouth
of
the
Hellespont
,
convenient
for
Trade
.
Upon
this
,
Legats
are
sent
from
Genua
to
Venice
,
demanding
restitution
of
the
Island
;
the
Venetians
refused
,
affirming
they
had
it
of
him
who
had
most
right
to
it
:
wherefore
the
Genuois
sent
a
Fleet
of
ten
Gallies
under
Arnus
Strupa
to
Tenedos
,
which
took
some
of
the
Venetian
Ships
and
burned
them
,
but
could
do
no
good
upon
the
Fort
,
being
strongly
manned
;
therefore
they
went
to
infest
the
Venetian
Islands
in
the
Aegaean
Sea
;
hereupon
the
Venetians
rig
out
a
Fleet
,
and
the
Genuois
add
ten
Gallies
more
to
their
Fleet
under
Lewis
Fliscus
,
who
meeting
the
Venetians
,
fell
unadvisedly
with
five
of
his
Gallies
upon
them
before
the
rest
could
come
up
;
a
cruel
conflict
ensues
,
in
which
many
were
killed
on
both
sides
;
at
last
the
five
Genuoy
Gallies
were
taken
,
the
rest
escaped
save
one
which
fell
upon
a
rocke
,
and
was
sunke
:
The
Genuois
hearing
of
the
overthrow
,
were
solicitous
for
Famangusta
in
Cyprus
,
which
they
had
taken
from
the
King
of
that
Island
,
fearing
lest
the
Venetians
would
seise
on
it
,
or
assist
the
King
to
recover
it
,
therefore
they
send
one
of
the
Gallies
that
escaped
thither
with
Arms
and
Men
;
the
other
three
were
committed
to
the
charge
of
Peter
Picconus
,
with
command
to
repair
to
their
other
Fleet
;
with
this
Peter
sails
into
the
Adriatic
sea
,
where
he
did
much
annoy
the
Venetians
,
who
enter
into
a
league
with
Bernabos
Prince
of
Millan
,
knowing
that
he
being
a
near
neighbour
to
Genua
,
could
much
annoy
them
,
and
hinder
provisions
from
them
by
land
out
of
Gallia
,
and
all
commerce
thence
;
they
wisely
also
make
a
league
with
Ianus
King
of
Cyprus
,
angry
with
the
Genuois
for
the
losse
of
Famangusta
:
the
Genuois
being
much
troubled
at
this
league
of
the
Venetians
with
the
Millanois
,
which
would
hinder
all
Trade
with
Gallia
,
Cisalpina
,
and
besides
force
them
to
employ
their
men
in
Land-service
,
which
they
should
send
abroad
to
Sea
;
they
resolve
to
make
a
league
with
Henry
the
Emperour
,
being
offended
with
Venice
for
Illiricum
,
which
they
took
from
him
:
They
also
send
Legats
to
the
Patriarch
of
Aquilaea
,
from
whom
the
Venetiàns
had
taken
Trioli
;
and
to
Francis
Carraria
Prince
of
Padua
,
on
whom
Venice
did
still
incroach
.
The
Legats
of
Genua
complain
to
the
Emperour
of
the
wrongs
done
by
the
Venetians
to
the
Empire
;
of
their
insolencies
in
maintaining
the
younger
brother
against
the
elder
,
and
in
seising
upon
Tenedos
,
and
that
their
aim
was
to
invade
the
Empire
:
Henry
answers
them
,
That
the
Turkish
wars
kept
him
off
from
punishing
the
Veuetians
,
yet
as
soon
as
the
season
of
the
year
permitted
,
he
would
either
come
or
send
an
Army
against
him
.
With
this
answer
the
Genuois
were
pleased
;
therefore
they
cause
two
and
twenty
great
Ships
to
be
built
;
and
because
the
Auriae
,
chiefly
Lambas
and
Pagnanus
had
done
good
service
heretofore
against
Venice
;
they
pitch
upon
Lucianus
Auria
,
whom
they
make
Admiral
of
their
Fleet
,
and
call
home
all
that
had
been
proscribed
or
banished
for
robbing
in
the
high-wayes
.
In
the
meane
while
,
Dominicus
Fregosus
Governour
of
Genua
,
is
removed
by
a
contrary
faction
from
his
place
,
and
Nicolaus
Goarcus
made
Governour
:
shortly
after
,
all
the
Fregosan
family
are
banished
the
City
;
Dominic
Fregosus
and
Peter
imprisoned
,
but
Peter
escaped
.
The
King
of
Cyprus
who
had
lately
married
his
daughter
by
the
the
Venetians
means
to
Bernabos
of
Millan
,
attempted
by
the
help
of
five
Venetian
Gallies
to
take
Famangusta
,
but
the
Garrison
within
had
notice
of
the
plot
,
and
prevented
it
by
their
vigilancie
.
Aruns
Strupa
having
returned
with
his
ten
Gallies
from
the
Aegaean
Sea
,
Lucianus
Auria
is
sent
into
the
Adriatic
with
two
and
twenty
Saile
,
which
much
annoyed
the
Venetians
.
In
the
interim
,
the
Emperours
Army
enters
into
the
Teritory
of
Frioli
;
Francis
Carraria
besets
Tarvisium
with
Horse
and
Foot
,
the
Towne
held
out
a
while
,
but
seeing
no
succour
come
from
Venice
,
yeelded
themselves
to
the
Emperour
,
by
the
permission
of
Francis.
The
Venetians
upon
this
,
began
to
despaire
of
their
Townes
in
Illiricum
and
Frioli
;
but
they
were
more
solicitous
after
their
Sea
affaires
;
therefore
having
rigg'd
out
twenty
Gallies
fraighted
with
five
hundred
Souldiers
,
besides
Mariners
,
under
Victor
Pisanus
:
Lucianus
encounters
with
them
near
Polla
;
the
fight
continued
long
and
doubtfull
,
the
greatest
slaughter
was
on
the
Venetian
side
,
which
so
heartened
Lucian
,
that
he
pull'd
off
his
Helmet
,
hoping
the
victory
had
been
got
,
and
in
the
interim
was
shot
through
the
head
,
and
so
dyed
instantly
:
They
that
were
next
to
him
,
for
feare
lest
the
Souldiers
should
be
disheartned
,
or
the
Enemy
encouraged
,
convey
him
aside
,
and
place
another
in
his
Arms
where
he
stood
.
Victor
held
out
as
long
as
he
could
,
at
length
having
lost
fifteen
Gallies
,
flyeth
backe
to
Venice
with
the
remainder
of
his
Fleet.
The
news
of
this
victory
wrought
great
joy
in
Genna
,
which
was
quickly
quailed
by
the
report
of
the
Emperours
death
,
to
whom
they
appointed
yearly
supplications
at
the
Altar
of
Iohn
the
Evangelist
in
St.
Georges
Church
,
with
yearly
salaries
out
of
the
publike
Treasure
to
his
son
and
posterity
.
Then
they
make
Peter
Auria
their
Admiral
,
who
repaires
with
one
Galley
onely
to
the
Fleet
in
the
Adriatic
.
The
Venetians
were
much
troubled
for
their
losses
,
therefore
they
send
to
Bernabos
to
invade
the
Genuois
by
land
,
they
might
be
forced
to
call
home
their
Fleet
out
of
the
Adriatic
.
Barnabos
raiseth
an
Army
,
invades
the
Territories
of
Genua
with
such
celerity
,
that
they
plundered
about
the
City
before
they
had
news
of
his
comming
;
he
seised
also
on
divers
Citizens
,
who
were
that
time
of
the
year
in
their
Country
houses
.
The
City
was
in
a
great
fear
and
uproar
;
Nicolaus
the
governour
fearing
lest
his
adversaries
would
take
occasion
to
thrust
him
out
of
his
Principality
,
commands
that
none
should
take
up
Arms
but
those
whom
he
trusted
;
and
then
having
paid
a
great
summe
of
money
,
easeth
the
State
of
the
Enemy
,
and
prevents
sedition
against
himself
:
In
the
mean
while
the
Venetians
send
nine
Gallies
to
molest
the
coasts
of
Genua
,
which
plundered
some
small
Islands
,
and
Sea-towns
of
the
Enemy
.
The
Genuois
upon
this
rig
out
nine
Gallies
,
because
they
would
not
call
home
their
Fleet
out
of
the
Adriatic
.
The
Venetians
perceiving
this
,
set
sail
presently
to
their
Islands
in
the
Agaean
Sea
;
and
the
Genuois
missing
the
Enemy
,
sail
immediately
to
Petrus
Auria
in
the
Adriatic
,
so
that
now
they
make
up
thirty
Gallies
besides
other
vessels
for
carriage
,
by
which
Venice
is
shut
up
.
About
a
mile
from
Venice
on
the
Adriatic
shore
,
stands
the
Church
of
St.
Nicolas
,
which
fenced
them
with
a
strong
wall
,
and
a
deep
ditch
;
along
the
shore
were
divers
forts
:
hither
Peter
came
with
his
Fleet
to
straiten
the
Enemy
;
having
landed
his
men
,
he
falls
on
the
wall
before
the
Church
,
and
with
much
losse
gains
it
,
and
with
it
the
Church
.
Then
he
comes
to
the
Town
called
Clodia
Fessa
,
at
this
day
Chiogia
,
with
his
Fleet
;
Francis
marched
along
the
shore
with
his
Land-forces
.
The
Venetians
had
filled
the
Towne
with
hired
Souldiers
.
Peter
and
Francis
with
all
their
Forces
fall
to
storming
of
the
Towne
,
which
was
strongly
defended
by
the
Souldiers
,
with
much
expence
of
blood
on
both
sides
;
at
last
the
Townes-men
being
wearied
out
,
and
over-powered
with
multitudes
,
delivered
up
the
Town
and
Garrison
.
The
Venetians
hearing
of
this
loss
,
and
calling
to
mind
the
loss
of
Tarvistum
,
and
of
their
Fleets
,
the
exhausting
of
their
Treasure
,
the
want
of
commerce
and
decay
of
trade
,
with
the
small
hopes
they
had
in
Bernabos
,
they
send
Letters
to
Peter
in
Clodia
,
to
intreat
for
peace
,
alledging
to
him
the
inconstancy
of
Fortune
,
the
good
that
Genua
should
get
by
this
peace
,
and
the
glory
that
Peter
had
purchased
to
the
Genuois
,
it
making
Venice
sue
for
peace
,
which
had
hitherto
been
so
often
victorious
,
and
had
never
been
forced
in
seven
hundred
yeares
till
now
,
to
sue
for
peace
.
Peter
replies
,
that
he
was
not
ignorant
either
of
the
inconstancie
of
Fortune
,
or
of
their
ancient
greatness
,
but
that
now
they
must
consider
not
what
they
have
been
,
but
what
they
are
,
and
that
the
conquered
must
accept
of
such
a
peace
as
pleaseth
the
Conquerour
to
give
;
but
the
conditions
were
such
,
that
the
Venetian
Senate
rejected
them
with
scorne
,
preferring
all
extremities
of
warre
to
such
unjust
conditions
of
peace
;
therefore
they
resolve
to
send
Legates
to
Bernabos
,
complaining
of
the
miseries
they
were
driven
to
,
and
that
they
had
no
other
hope
left
but
in
him
,
who
by
his
Land-forces
wasting
the
confines
of
Genua
,
might
occasion
the
calling
home
of
their
Fleet
:
So
the
Romanes
by
invading
the
Carthaginians
drew
Halciar
out
of
Sicily
,
and
Annibal
out
of
Italy
:
Upon
this
Bernabos
assures
them
,
that
he
will
not
faile
them
in
this
their
extremity
,
and
therefore
presently
hireth
three
thousand
horse-men
,
who
had
been
high-way
robbers
,
these
suddenly
make
inroads
upon
the
Genuan
Territories
,
which
so
affrighted
the
Countrey-people
,
that
some
fled
into
the
hills
,
some
into
the
Cities
;
the
Genuois
presently
put
themselves
in
Armes
,
with
a
resolution
to
assault
these
Robbers
,
which
when
they
perceived
,
they
resolve
to
be
gone
,
but
ambushes
are
laid
for
them
,
and
all
by-wayes
and
Groves
are
intercepted
,
so
that
few
of
these
Robbers
escaped
alive
:
In
memory
of
this
defeat
an
annual
supplication
is
appointed
at
S.
Georges
Church
.
In
the
mean
while
Peter
shut
up
the
Adriatick
,
so
that
Venice
was
in
danger
to
be
starved
for
want
of
provision
.
Manuel
the
son
of
Calciannes
,
the
Venetians
friend
,
besiegeth
Pera
the
Genuan
Colony
by
Bizantium
;
whereupon
the
Genuois
send
Nicholaus
Marcus
with
three
Gallies
thither
,
but
the
siege
was
raised
before
they
came
;
in
the
way
Nicholaus
meets
with
some
Greek
Gallies
,
and
beats
them
.
The
Venetians
understanding
that
the
Genuois
were
careless
and
secure
in
Clodia
,
and
that
most
of
their
Fleet
were
sent
abroad
,
they
in
the
dead
of
the
night
go
to
Clodia
in
smal
boats
,
and
were
scaling
the
walls
,
but
were
discovered
by
the
clashing
of
their
armour
,
and
so
forced
to
return
with
some
loss
.
Upon
the
coming
back
of
the
Genuan
Fleet
to
Clodia
,
one
of
their
Gallies
appproaching
too
neer
Saint
Georges
Church
,
within
halfe
a
mile
of
Venice
,
stuck
fast
as
the
Sea
ebbed
,
and
was
seised
on
by
the
Venetian
Boats
;
they
lost
also
to
the
Venetians
a
great
Ship
richly
laden
,
as
she
was
riding
at
Anchor
neer
Rhodes
.
The
Venetians
resolve
to
try
once
more
with
Genua
,
for
their
lives
and
liberties
;
therefore
privately
they
prepare
a
Fleet
of
three
and
thirty
Gallies
,
within
their
Arsenal
,
with
other
Vessels
of
burthen
,
intending
if
they
could
not
master
the
enemy
,
to
transport
themselves
into
Candy
with
their
wealth
and
Families
;
for
effecting
of
this
work
,
because
the
Treasure
was
exhausted
,
many
private
rich
men
cheerefully
brought
in
their
Gold
and
Silver
to
the
Senate
,
for
which
piety
they
were
made
Senators
.
Andrew
Contarenus
then
Duke
of
Venice
,
an
expert
Sea-man
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
Senate
,
and
four
of
the
Nobility
,
arrive
at
Clodia
in
the
night
unexpectedly
;
the
Genuois
then
had
in
the
Harbor
nine
and
twenty
Gallies
,
the
rest
were
dispersed
in
the
Adriatick
;
the
fight
begins
with
exhortations
,
Peter
wishing
the
Genuois
to
remember
their
former
successes
.
Andrew
desiring
the
Venetians
to
fight
for
their
liberty
,
for
their
parents
wives
,
children
and
countrey
:
the
skirmish
was
doubtful
a
great
while
;
but
the
Venetians
at
last
were
worsted
and
forced
to
flie
back
to
Venice
:
the
Genuois
supposing
the
enemy
had
been
totally
defeated
and
disheartened
,
grew
secure
,
and
neglected
to
guard
the
Clodian
Harbour
;
Upon
this
the
Venetians
finding
that
some
Keels
of
their
great
Ships
which
the
Genuois
had
burned
,
were
sunk
in
the
mouth
of
the
Harbour
,
resolve
to
sink
some
more
filled
with
stones
,
in
the
same
place
,
so
that
the
Genuan
Fleet
could
not
get
out
:
the
Venetians
having
done
this
,
they
gave
a
great
shout
,
at
which
the
Genuans
were
amazed
,
not
dreaming
the
Venetian
Fleet
had
been
so
neer
;
therefore
they
get
presently
on
Ship-board
,
intending
to
fight
the
enemy
;
but
as
they
were
sailing
out
of
the
Harbour
,
their
Ships
stuck
on
the
sunk
vessels
,
and
could
go
no
further
;
so
they
perceived
their
errour
,
of
which
they
repented
,
but
too
late
:
those
in
Genua
not
knowing
of
this
stratagem
in
the
Adriatick
,
had
sent
thirteen
more
Gallies
under
Math.
Marrufus
to
joyn
with
Peter
,
who
finding
his
Fleet
useless
,
that
he
could
not
get
out
,
exposeth
his
Forces
on
the
shore
,
and
made
excursions
upon
the
enemies
Territories
;
but
as
he
was
besieging
the
Castle
Brondulum
,
he
was
shot
in
the
head
,
and
so
died
;
yet
the
Castle
was
taken
by
the
Genuois
,
who
understanding
of
their
disasters
in
the
Adriatick
,
were
much
grieved
,
knowing
that
their
treasury
was
exhausted
,
and
that
the
vigilant
enemy
would
not
rest
here
;
therefore
they
choose
Gasper
Spinola
,
a
brave
man
,
for
their
Governour
,
who
prepares
to
encounter
the
Venetians
by
land
.
Venice
having
lost
almost
three
years
the
possession
of
the
upper
Sea
,
which
now
they
had
recovered
,
resolve
to
besiege
Clodia
,
being
furthered
by
the
Plebcians
,
and
women
,
who
brought
in
their
Plate
and
Jewels
;
their
Army
sits
down
between
Brondulum
and
Clodia
,
to
hinder
all
provision
from
the
Clodians
.
Spinola
who
was
now
come
to
Clodia
,
fearing
the
loss
of
Brondulum
,
made
a
bridge
to
relieve
it
,
and
perceiving
the
enemy
advancing
towards
him
,
exhorts
his
Souldiers
to
be
couragious
,
a
bloody
battel
ensueth
,
in
which
the
Genuans
being
defeated
,
flie
disorderly
back
to
Clodia
;
in
this
flight
many
were
drowned
,
the
Bridge
which
they
had
lately
made
breaking
under
them
with
their
weight
.
The
Venetians
having
thus
defeated
the
enemy
,
fall
to
the
siege
of
Brondulum
,
which
presently
yielded
;
then
they
besiege
Clodia
by
Sea
and
Land
:
The
Genuois
were
much
disheartened
,
having
no
Land-Army
,
nor
any
by
Sea
,
but
their
thirteen
Gallies
under
Marrufus
,
who
durst
not
come
neer
to
Clodia
,
for
fear
of
the
Venetian
Fleet
;
and
suspecting
that
Bernabos
with
an
Army
would
invade
their
Countrey
,
they
build
a
Tower
five
miles
off
from
the
City
in
a
narrow
passage
,
to
keep
off
Bernabos
.
Marrufus
meets
at
Sipontum
six
Venetian
Gallies
,
and
twelve
Ships
of
burthen
,
these
he
sets
upon
and
bumes
,
and
takes
the
Admirall
Thadaeus
,
whom
he
sends
prisoner
to
Genua
,
and
makes
his
way
through
fourty
Venetian
Gallies
.
Ianisius
with
five
Gallies
is
sent
from
Genua
to
joyne
with
Matthew
,
but
they
could
not
get
to
Clodia
,
by
reason
of
the
enemies
Fleet
;
in
the
interim
Bernabos
had
sent
some
Troops
of
horse
to
plunder
the
Genuois
Countrey
,
but
they
were
beat
back
with
loss
.
The
Clodians
having
now
sustained
six
moneths
siege
,
and
being
forced
for
want
of
food
to
eat
dogs
and
cats
,
and
finding
all
passages
for
their
relief
〈◊〉
,
〈◊〉
,
Pola
,
with
other
Towns
and
Castles
they
had
lost
.
The
Genuois
perceiving
that
they
were
all
bent
upon
their
Land-service
,
and
neglected
the
Sea
,
rig
out
thirteen
new
Gallies
,
appointing
no
Admiral
,
but
that
each
Captain
should
be
Admiral
by
turns
for
some
dayes
.
These
are
commanded
into
the
Adriatick
to
joyn
with
Matthew
;
they
much
annoyed
the
Venetians
.
But
Nicolaus
Goarcus
Prince
of
Genua
,
understanding
that
Peter
Fregosus
his
enemy
,
who
had
escaped
out
of
prison
,
had
raised
Forces
and
joyned
himself
with
Bernabos
against
him
and
the
State
,
sends
for
Spinula
and
Marulus
to
come
home
with
some
part
of
their
Fleet
:
These
having
set
their
Forces
on
shore
,
Peter
with
his
Companies
run
away
.
After
this
,
the
Venetians
by
land
,
the
Genuois
by
sea
,
do
much
annoy
each
other
.
Vpon
this
,
Amatus
the
7.
Prince
of
Savoy
endeavours
to
reconcile
these
two
States
;
to
this
purpose
Ambassadors
are
sent
to
him
from
both
,
to
whom
the
Prince
makes
a
speech
in
commendation
of
peace
and
concord
,
of
the
mischief
of
war
,
and
of
the
vanity
in
striving
for
a
barren
Island
with
the
expence
of
so
much
blood
and
treasure
.
At
last
it
was
agreed
that
both
States
should
renounce
their
claim
to
the
Isle
Tenedos
,
seeing
there
could
be
no
peace
so
long
as
either
of
them
possessed
it
;
The
Bishop
of
Aquileia
was
to
enjoy
his
right
in
Friuli
:
so
the
peace
is
concluded
,
the
fourth
year
of
this
war.
The
Genuan
Fleet
is
called
home
from
the
Adriatick
:
The
Venetians
send
to
the
governour
of
Tenedos
,
to
come
away
with
his
garrison
,
and
to
slight
the
castle
;
which
he
refusing
to
doe
,
the
Genuois
were
permitted
to
storm
the
castle
,
and
to
demolish
it
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
1.
The
lives
of
the
Popes
,
from
the
year
1305.
till
1389.
2.
The
history
of
Holland
and
the
next
Provinces
,
from
the
year
1298.
till
1404.
The
history
of
Savoy
,
from
the
beginning
till
the
year
1397.
WE
will
now
speak
a
little
of
the
Popes
of
these
times
.
To
Boniface
the
8.
succeeded
Benedict
10.
some
say
11.
he
sate
eight
moneths
and
seventeen
dayes
;
He
excommunicated
all
those
who
had
a
hand
in
the
death
of
his
Predecessor
;
he
reconciled
Iames
and
Peter
de
Colona
(
whom
his
Predecessor
had
degraded
from
their
Cardinalship
)
to
the
Church
again
;
he
absolved
also
the
French
king
,
whom
Boniface
had
excommunicated
,
and
his
kingdome
from
the
interdict
.
About
this
time
Ottoman
laid
the
foundation
of
the
Turkish
Empire
;
which
Nation
had
been
now
five
hundred
years
Flavius
Melfensis
in
the
Kingdome
of
Naples
,
found
out
the
use
of
the
Load-stone
,
and
Mariners
Compasse
.
To
Benedict
succceded
Clemens
the
fifth
,
of
Burdeaux
;
he
sate
eight
years
and
ten
moneths
;
he
had
been
Archbishop
of
Burdeaux
:
This
was
he
that
translated
his
seat
to
Avenion
,
where
his
successors
continued
seventy
years
,
till
Gregory
the
11.
Jt
was
at
his
Coronation
,
that
the
wall
fell
down
,
which
killed
the
Duke
of
Britain
with
many
others
;
the
Popes
Crown
fell
from
his
head
,
by
which
he
lost
a
Carbuncle
worth
6000
Florens
.
He
made
26
Cardinals
,
among
which
were
Iames
and
Peter
de
Colona
,
whom
Boniface
had
degraded
.
He
confirmed
the
King
of
Arragon
in
the
kingdome
of
Sardinia
.
In
the
Councel
of
Lions
(
which
was
the
15
gen
.
Councel
)
he
condemned
the
Begards
&
Beguins
,
who
denyed
the
Popes
power
,
and
held
Lewis
Utinus
received
them
again
.
Rhodes
is
taken
after
4.
years
siege
from
the
Turk
.
The
painted
Horse
of
Constantinople
,
to
the
great
terrour
of
the
people
,
neighed
twice
in
one
night
.
Iohn
King
of
Armenia
left
his
Kingdom
to
his
brother
,
and
became
a
Minorite
.
Clemens
confirms
the
University
of
Orleans
,
which
Philip
erected
.
To
Clement
succeed
Iohn
the
22.
who
sate
nineteen
years
and
four
moneths
;
he
erected
the
Arch-bishoprick
of
Toledo
,
under
whom
he
appointed
six
Suffragans
:
He
set
up
in
Portugal
a
new
Order
of
Knights
,
and
also
in
Algarbia
,
called
the
Knights
of
Jesus
Christ
,
on
whom
the
Templars
estates
there
were
bestowed
,
to
resist
the
Sarazens
:
He
set
out
the
Constitutions
called
Extravagantes
:
Thomas
Aquinas
:
He
confirmed
Burgundian
Colledge
in
Paris
,
erected
by
Ioan
wife
to
Philip
,
the
fifth
daughter
to
the
Earl
of
Burgundy
:
In
his
time
Alphonsus
the
eleventh
king
of
Spain
,
by
the
assistance
of
Alphonsus
the
fourth
king
of
Portugal
,
his
father-in-law
,
overthrew
the
king
of
Morocco
,
and
five
other
barbarous
Princes
,
besides
450000
Sarazens
,
with
the
loss
of
20
Christians
onely
.
The
Plessean
Colledge
at
Paris
is
erected
by
Godfrey
Plessy
.
The
Earl
of
Burbon
is
made
a
Duke
.
Uladislaus
receiveth
the
Crown
at
Cracovia
from
the
Pope
,
whose
predecessors
,
for
the
murther
of
Stanilaus
,
had
lost
it
.
Against
this
Pope
was
set
up
Nicholaus
the
fifth
,
by
Ludovic
the
Emperour
,
who
having
sate
three
yeares
and
three
moneths
,
died
in
prison
at
Avenion
.
To
Iohn
succeeded
in
the
Popedome
Benedict
the
eleventh
or
twelfth
;
he
sate
seven
years
three
moneths
:
He
founded
the
Colledge
and
Temple
of
the
Phil.
Valois
for
40000
Crowns
by
Prince
Humbert
who
became
a
Dominican
,
upon
this
condition
,
that
the
French
kings
eldest
son
should
be
called
the
Delphin
,
and
that
Humbert
for
his
life
should
be
allowed
yearly
10000.
Florens
.
About
this
time
in
France
was
instituted
the
knighthood
of
the
Star
,
and
in
England
the
knighthood
of
the
Garter
.
This
Clemens
was
a
great
enemy
to
Ludovic
the
Emperor
.
To
him
succeeded
Innocent
the
sixth
,
who
sare
nine
years
eight
moneths
;
●…he
reconciled
the
Kings
Iohn
Wickliff
began
to
broach
his
opinions
in
England
.
To
Innocent
succeeded
Urban
the
fifth
,
who
sate
eight
years
four
moneths
;
this
Pope
consecrated
Marius
the
Nestorian
Patriarch
,
who
came
purposely
Navar
●…imed
as
his
inheritance
;
this
Charles
the
fifth
afterward
bestowed
it
on
his
brother
Philip
the
Bold
.
This
Pope
confirmed
the
Order
of
Mount-Olivet
.
To
him
succeeded
Gregory
the
eleventh
,
who
sate
seven
years
two
moneths
;
he
brought
back
his
Chair
from
Avenion
to
Rome
,
upon
the
revolting
of
his
Towns
in
Italy
.
Charles
the
wise
about
this
time
ordained
,
that
the
sons
and
heirs
of
the
Iohn
Galleacius
having
bought
the
Dukedome
of
Millan
from
Wenceslaus
,
took
away
Verona
and
Vincentia
from
the
Scaligers
;
Padua
,
Tarvisium
,
and
other
Towns
from
the
Cararians
,
and
subdued
Trent
,
Perusium
,
and
other
places
;
he
defeated
also
the
Florentines
,
with
their
Auxiliaries
the
French.
The
Polanders
for
900.
years
,
even
till
the
death
of
Casimir
the
Great
,
had
enjoyed
their
own
Kings
and
Princes
,
that
is
till
the
year
1370.
except
Wenceslaus
the
Bohemian
;
but
now
Casimir
dying
without
issue
male
,
Ludovic
the
Hungarian
,
and
his
son-in-law
Uladislaus
Iagello
the
Lituanian
obtained
that
Crown
,
which
his
posterity
enjoy
till
this
day
.
After
this
Gregory
had
returned
into
Italy
,
there
arose
a
great
Schisme
in
the
Church
,
for
the
Italians
chose
an
Italian
Pope
,
to
wit
,
Urban
;
the
French
chose
a
Frenchman
,
Clement
the
seventh
,
who
betook
himself
to
Avenion
;
this
schisme
lasted
36.
years
,
even
till
the
Councel
of
Constance
.
To
Clement
succeeded
Benedict
the
13.
of
Arragon
,
who
sate
in
Avenion
.
About
thirty
years
after
Urban
the
Italian
Cardinal
chose
Bonifàce
the
ninth
,
Innocent
the
seventh
,
Gregory
the
twelfth
;
France
,
Spain
,
England
and
Scotland
followed
the
French
Pope
,
Italy
and
other
places
the
Italian
.
To
Gregory
succeeded
Urban
the
sixth
a
Neapolitane
,
who
sate
eleven
years
,
he
appointed
the
Feast
of
the
Visitation
of
our
Lady
;
In
his
time
Iagello
Prince
of
Lituania
,
after
the
death
of
Ludovic
King
of
Hungary
and
Polonia
,
whose
daughter
he
married
;
he
imbraceth
Christianity
,
and
is
crowned
King
of
Poland
in
Cracovia
,
and
is
named
Uladislaus
;
his
Countrey
Lituania
was
the
last
in
Europe
that
received
Christianity
.
Great
contestation
arose
between
Iohn
the
first
King
of
Castile
and
Legian
who
had
married
the
daughter
of
Ferdinand
King
of
Portugal
,
and
Iohn
the
bastard
of
this
Ferdinand
,
about
the
Crown
of
Portugal
;
but
Iohn
the
Bastard
in
the
end
carried
it
,
and
of
a
Monk
became
a
King.
This
Pope
allowed
and
confirmed
the
Monkish
Order
of
Jesuites
,
so
called
for
often
using
the
Name
of
JESUS
.
Iohn
Columbanus
and
Francis
Vincentius
of
Seva
were
the
first
Authors
of
this
Order
,
they
wore
a
white
coat
,
girt
with
a
leather
girdle
,
and
a
cloak
of
fine
wooll
over
their
coat
;
they
went
bare-footed
,
only
they
used
wooden
soles
.
Charles
the
sixth
of
France
reduced
the
many
Lillies
in
his
Armes
to
three
:
In
his
minority
the
Clergy
lost
their
Tithes
,
which
were
employed
upon
the
wars
.
The
University
of
Cracovia
is
instituted
by
King
Iagello
,
and
confirmed
by
the
Pope
.
Professors
Emanuel
Chrysoloras
,
by
the
Popes
allowance
,
brought
back
into
Italy
the
Greek
Tongue
,
which
had
been
banished
thence
700.
years
.
The
University
of
Erfurd
is
erected
,
and
four
Colledges
more
at
Paris
.
At
Avenion
to
Clement
the
7.
succeeded
Benedict
the
13.
Antipope
,
who
was
deposed
by
the
Synod
of
Paris
.
We
said
before
,
that
to
Iohn
the
fourth
of
Holland
succeeded
Iohn
the
Hanonian
,
who
descended
from
King
William
by
his
sister
;
this
Hanonian
was
opposed
by
Iohn
Renessius
heretofore
condemned
for
Treason
;
he
drew
to
his
side
most
of
the
Nobility
,
and
seised
upon
Walachria
;
the
controversie
is
referred
to
Charles
the
French
King
,
by
the
Earle
of
Renessius
;
but
he
perceiving
Charles
inclined
to
the
Earl
,
appeals
to
Albert
the
Emperour
,
pretending
that
Holland
did
now
fall
to
the
Empire
,
the
Earles
Family
having
failed
;
Upon
this
Albert
raiseth
an
Army
,
whom
the
Earl
meets
with
his
Forces
;
when
they
were
ready
to
fight
,
the
Bishop
of
Colen
interceded
,
and
a
peace
concluded
,
conditionally
that
the
Earl
should
hold
Holland
in
see
of
the
Empire
;
so
Renessius
his
hopes
were
frustrated
,
and
commanded
to
forbear
medling
with
Zeland
;
yet
he
raised
some
troubles
afterward
in
Holland
,
but
he
was
defeated
and
driven
into
Brabant
.
After
this
the
Earl
had
wars
with
the
Bishop
of
Utricht
,
in
which
the
Bishop
was
killed
,
and
another
substituted
in
his
place
.
At
last
the
Earle
desirous
to
live
quiet
,
bestowed
Holland
upon
his
eldest
son
,
and
Zeland
upon
William
,
and
so
went
back
to
Hanonia
or
Nervia
,
but
his
tranquility
was
interrupted
by
the
wars
of
Flanders
with
Philip
of
France
;
for
the
Earl
of
Artois
,
son-in-law
to
this
Hanonian
,
had
involved
himself
in
this
war
,
in
which
he
lost
his
life
.
The
Flandrians
having
defeated
the
French
,
invaded
Hanonia
,
because
it
sided
with
the
French
;
whereupon
Holland
,
to
help
the
Hanonian
,
and
to
call
back
the
Flandrian
Forces
thence
,
falls
upon
Flanders
:
under
the
conduct
of
William
,
the
Flandrians
in
the
interim
invaded
Walachria
,
William
is
forced
to
encounter
them
;
but
his
success
failed
,
for
he
was
defeated
,
and
hardly
escaped
to
Middleburgh
,
which
he
was
also
forced
to
quit
to
the
Fleming
,
who
had
now
got
all
Walachria
,
onely
Zirizea
remained
,
which
was
a
shelter
for
William
;
this
Town
held
out
a
siege
,
and
at
last
with
a
few
resolute
Souldiers
slew
and
drowned
1500.
of
the
enemies
.
Guy
of
Flanders
upon
this
resolved
to
invade
Holland
,
and
first
he
defeats
the
Battavian
Army
;
then
takes
in
all
the
Towns
of
North-Holland
,
except
Harlem
.
The
Duke
of
Brabant
claimes
title
to
South-Holland
,
which
submits
to
his
Forces
,
except
Dort
;
this
Town
not
onely
held
out
against
him
,
but
at
length
,
with
incredible
success
,
drove
him
quite
out
of
Holland
.
Guy
returnes
into
Zeland
,
besiegeth
again
Zirizea
,
which
stoutly
resisted
,
though
much
oppressed
by
the
enemy
without
,
and
famine
within
.
A
French
Fleet
is
sent
to
joyn
with
the
Zelanders
against
the
Flemings
;
Four
of
the
French
Ships
stuck
upon
the
shelves
,
which
the
enemy
intended
to
burn
with
some
fire-ships
;
but
the
wind
turning
about
,
drove
the
fire
upon
the
enemy
;
a
great
fight
ensued
,
in
which
the
Flandrians
were
defeated
,
and
Guy
carried
prisoner
into
France
:
so
Zirizea
and
all
Zeland
are
now
at
liberty
.
Renessius
the
prime
incendiary
,
who
had
fled
to
Utricht
,
not
daring
to
trust
the
Town
,
was
making
an
escape
by
boat
,
which
in
the
River
by
the
weight
of
the
passengers
was
sunk
,
and
so
they
were
all
drowned
.
Hannonius
hearing
of
the
great
success
of
his
son
,
fell
sick
with
sudden
joy
,
and
died
.
After
this
Robert
Earle
of
Flanders
intended
to
renew
the
warre
with
Holland
,
but
is
reconciled
by
the
mediation
of
friends
.
About
this
time
it
rained
for
ten
moneths
together
,
upon
which
followed
a
general
Plague
and
Famine
.
William
after
this
had
some
controversie
with
Utricht
upon
the
death
of
Guy
the
Bishop
,
who
held
some
Lands
belonging
to
Holland
;
he
joyned
himself
afterward
to
Ludovic
the
Emperour
,
against
Frederick
the
Austrian
,
and
then
forces
the
rebellious
Frislanders
to
pay
tribute
to
Holland
.
At
last
this
Earle
died
,
and
was
buried
in
Valenciens
.
He
was
so
just
,
that
he
put
to
death
To
him
succeeded
William
the
4.
he
married
the
D.
of
Brabants
daughter
,
by
whom
he
had
no
children
;
he
assisted
Edw.
of
England
against
the
French
,
the
Borussians
against
Casimir
of
Poland
,
and
the
Spaniard
against
the
Sarazens
;
he
visited
the
Holy-Land
;
to
him
was
offered
the
Empire
,
when
Ludovic
was
cast
out
by
the
Pope
,
which
he
refused
to
accept
;
in
his
wars
against
Utricht
he
received
a
wound
in
the
foot
;
and
as
he
was
fighting
against
the
Frislanders
,
he
was
slain
,
and
his
head
cut
off
in
disgrace
,
and
his
whole
Army
defeated
;
he
being
dead
without
issue
,
his
sister
Margaret
,
wife
to
Ludevic
the
Emperour
succeeded
,
who
having
ruled
that
Province
one
year
returns
to
her
husband
Ludovic
,
and
commits
the
care
of
the
State
to
her
son
William
of
Bavaria
,
conditionally
that
he
should
pay
yearly
to
her
10000
Scutati
;
about
which
time
Utricht
and
Holland
fell
out
,
and
the
Hollanders
were
beat
;
but
by
means
of
the
Duke
of
Brabant
and
Earl
of
Cleve
,
the
Bishop
was
forced
to
make
peace
with
Holland
.
About
this
time
Margaret
pretending
that
her
son
did
not
keep
his
Articles
,
demands
her
Earldome
again
,
which
he
upon
this
forsook
,
to
the
great
discontent
of
Holland
,
for
they
loved
him
better
then
the
Mother
:
hereupon
a
Civil
war
ariseth
between
those
who
favoured
the
son
,
and
them
who
adhered
to
the
mother
:
Leiden
,
Amsterdam
,
and
most
of
the
Cities
held
with
William
,
King
Edward
of
England
assisted
Margaret
;
there
ensued
a
cruel
Sea-fight
between
the
Brill
and
Gravesend
in
the
mouth
of
the
Mosa
.
At
last
it
was
agreed
upon
,
that
Margaret
should
have
Hanonia
,
Earle
Albert
having
buried
his
former
wife
,
marrieth
with
Margaret
the
daughter
of
Adolphus
of
Clive
,
of
whom
he
had
no
children
;
he
doted
upon
Alitha
a
Strumpet
,
who
was
killed
by
the
consent
of
the
Nobility
;
these
the
Earle
threatned
with
death
;
the
Earls
sonne
interceding
for
them
,
was
forced
to
flie
into
France
from
his
fathers
wrath
;
but
Iohn
of
Bavaria
obtained
pardon
for
them
all
.
At
length
Albert
died
,
and
was
buried
at
the
Savoy
or
Sabandia
,
of
old
Allobroges
,
from
a
King
of
that
name
,
was
in
the
Romanes
time
a
Kingdome
,
whose
king
Bitulto
was
taken
by
Fab.
Max.
After
the
Romanes
,
the
Burgundians
obtained
this
kingdome
,
and
was
a
part
of
Gallia
Narbonensis
,
and
of
the
Kings
of
Arles
;
it
was
a
member
of
the
Empire
till
the
year
999.
when
Berald
of
Saxony
,
brother
to
Otho
the
third
,
for
killing
Mary
his
Uncles
wanton
wife
,
fled
from
Germany
,
and
seated
himself
here
in
the
City
Morienna
,
to
whom
succeeded
his
sonne
Humbert
first
Earle
of
this
City
,
which
title
he
obtained
from
Conradus
,
some
say
Henry
the
second
Emperour
,
because
his
father
Berald
had
recovered
it
with
the
kingdome
of
Arles
to
the
Dukedome
of
Burgundy
from
his
enemies
,
and
had
made
the
way
through
the
Alpes
,
clear
from
Theeves
and
Robbers
;
he
married
the
daughter
of
the
Marquess
of
Segusia
,
by
which
he
with
his
wife
became
his
Heirs
.
He
died
at
fifty
years
of
age
,
to
whom
succeeded
his
son
Amadeus
.
Humbert
was
buried
in
S.
Iohns
Church
of
Morienna
,
which
he
had
beautified
and
inriched
.
To
Humbert
succeeded
his
Sonne
Amadeus
Earle
of
Maurienna
,
and
Marquess
of
Susa
;
he
was
called
Candatus
by
Henry
the
Third
,
Emperour
,
because
of
his
long
Traine
or
Taile
of
young
Gentlemen
that
alwayes
followed
him
.
He
assisted
William
Earle
of
Burgundy
against
the
Prince
of
Loraine
.
After
he
had
given
good
proofe
of
his
valour
in
that
war
,
he
died
,
and
is
buried
with
his
Father
.
To
him
succeeded
Humbert
To
Humbert
succeeded
his
son
Amadaeus
the
second
:
for
his
valour
and
good
service
to
the
Empire
,
he
is
made
by
Henry
the
fifth
Emperour
,
Earle
of
Savoy
,
which
was
held
in
fee
of
the
Empire
,
of
old
it
depended
upon
Burgundy
;
but
when
this
was
a
part
of
the
Empire
,
Savoy
was
governed
by
the
Emperours
officers
,
who
abusing
their
power
in
oppressing
the
people
,
were
put
out
,
and
this
Amadaeus
made
Earle
.
He
subdued
the
Earle
of
Geneva
,
who
out
of
spleen
,
because
Amadaeus
would
not
marry
his
daughter
,
invaded
his
Territories
with
a
great
Army
,
which
was
defeated
,
and
the
Genevan
himself
killed
.
He
had
quarrels
with
Lewis
the
Grosse
of
France
,
which
were
taken
up
by
St.
Bernard
:
Afterward
he
went
against
the
Sarazens
in
Asia
,
with
the
same
Lewis
,
and
Conradus
the
third
,
Emperour
;
but
in
his
return
home
he
died
in
Cyprus
.
He
erected
two
Abbies
.
To
him
succeeded
his
son
Humbert
the
third
,
who
so
grieved
for
the
death
of
his
wife
the
Earle
of
Flanders
daughter
,
that
he
could
receive
no
comfort
,
till
by
the
advice
of
the
Bishop
of
Geneva
,
he
went
to
two
holy
men
who
had
retired
themselves
from
the
world
,
and
professed
a
strict
kinde
of
life
,
near
the
lake
Lemannus
;
from
these
he
received
so
much
comfort
,
that
in
memory
thereof
,
he
erected
a
Monastery
in
the
same
place
,
called
Altacomba
,
which
he
richly
endowed
,
and
furnished
it
with
twenty
Monks
taken
out
of
the
Cistercien
Abbey
;
there
did
the
Earle
himself
live
a
monastical
life
with
these
Monks
for
one
years
space
,
and
then
returned
to
his
government
.
By
the
earnest
intreaty
of
his
people
,
he
was
induced
to
marry
again
;
his
second
wife
dyed
,
and
his
daughter
he
had
of
her
,
which
so
renewed
his
grief
,
that
he
retired
privately
to
his
former
course
of
life
in
a
solitary
place
near
the
same
lake
,
where
he
founded
an
Abbey
to
the
Virgin-Mary
,
and
having
placed
certain
Monks
there
,
resolves
to
live
and
die
with
them
;
but
that
he
was
again
overcome
Philip
Augustus
,
fell
into
a
lingering
disease
,
and
then
died
:
He
was
interred
in
the
Monastery
of
Altacomba
which
he
built
to
the
Virgin.
To
him
his
son
Thomas
succeeded
,
being
yet
a
childe
.
The
Earle
of
Burgundy
,
Uncle
to
this
Thomas
,
undertook
his
tuition
,
which
he
performed
faithfully
,
keeping
off
all
the
storms
which
use
to
fall
upon
States
in
the
Princes
minority
.
Thomas
being
now
of
years
,
suppresseth
the
forces
of
Guy
Earle
of
Geneva
,
him
he
takes
prisoner
with
his
daughter
,
whom
he
was
conveying
to
Philip
Augustus
the
French
King
to
be
married
;
but
the
Maid
was
so
in
love
with
Thomas
,
that
she
married
him
against
her
fathers
consent
,
therefore
Thomas
would
not
set
Guy
at
liberty
,
because
he
refused
to
give
his
consent
,
till
he
had
made
the
Earldome
of
Geneva
a
Fee-farm
to
Savoy
.
After
Thomas
had
returned
from
his
expedition
against
the
Albigenses
,
whose
doctrine
was
much
spread
through
Narbon
,
he
joyned
the
Principality
of
Piemont
(
which
was
fallen
into
divers
factions
for
want
of
a
successor
,
the
Princes
issue
being
extinct
)
to
his
Earledome
of
Savoy
.
In
Piemont
he
built
many
Castles
to
keep
the
Country
in
obedience
,
and
eased
them
of
their
heavy
Taxes
,
and
so
prevented
all
occasions
of
rebellion
.
He
subdued
also
the
Marquess
of
Montsferrat
,
and
the
Astenses
,
who
were
confederate
with
Piemont
.
At
last
grieving
for
being
forced
to
side
with
Frederic
2.
Emperor
against
the
Pope
,
fell
sick
,
and
died
.
To
Thomas
succeeded
his
son
Amadaeus
the
third
:
he
took
divers
places
in
Lombardy
upon
the
civil
quarrels
of
that
people
,
and
killed
the
governour
for
imprisoning
his
Ambassadours
as
they
were
going
from
Amadaeus
to
Rome
.
He
restored
the
Country
of
Valesia
to
the
Church
of
Sedun
:
At
last
,
returning
from
Lions
,
after
he
had
saluted
the
Pope
,
and
had
conveyed
his
sisters
daughter
to
be
married
to
Charles
Saint
Lewis
his
brother
,
he
died
,
and
was
buried
with
his
Ancestors
in
the
Monastery
of
Altacomba
:
whose
son
Boniface
succeeded
;
Though
Boniface
had
a
sister
,
yet
she
was
not
permitted
to
succeed
,
because
of
her
sex
;
therefore
his
uncle
Peter
is
made
Earl
of
Savoy
.
Henry
the
third
of
England
,
who
had
married
Elianor
his
sisters
daughter
,
made
him
Earle
of
Richmond
.
For
his
fortitude
and
successe
,
this
Peter
was
called
Iunior
Charles
the
Great
.
He
purposed
to
be
revenged
of
Taurinum
for
the
death
of
Boniface
,
therefore
layes
a
strait
siege
to
it
;
which
was
relieved
with
victuals
strangely
;
two
hundred
Boat-men
,
for
a
great
summe
of
money
,
chained
certain
barrels
full
of
provision
,
which
they
sank
into
the
river
Po
,
so
artificially
,
that
neither
did
they
sink
to
the
bottom
,
nor
appeare
above
the
water
;
behind
them
certain
Divers
swimmed
under
water
,
which
thrust
the
Casks
forward
;
and
before
there
dived
others
,
who
pulled
the
Casks
into
the
town
:
but
at
last
this
trick
being
either
found
out
or
suspected
,
a
bridge
of
boats
is
made
over
the
river
,
and
great
peeces
of
timber
driven
into
the
ground
,
that
nothing
could
passe
that
way
;
so
the
Town
having
spent
her
provision
,
was
forced
to
surrender
.
The
first
thing
Peter
did
,
was
the
punishing
of
those
who
had
a
hand
in
the
death
of
Boniface
;
afterward
this
City
of
Turin
was
bestowed
by
the
Emperor
upon
Peter
.
After
this
,
Peter
subdued
many
of
the
neighbouring
places
,
took
in
divers
Forts
and
towns
upon
the
Lake
of
Geneva
,
and
dismissed
all
his
prisoners
without
ransome
,
having
sworn
fealty
to
him
.
So
Peter
quieted
all
about
him
,
and
takes
a
journey
for
England
to
see
Queen
Elianor
his
sisters
daughter
.
The
Earl
of
Geneva
takes
occasion
by
Peters
absence
to
stir
a
rebellion
against
him
,
and
therefore
seiseth
upon
some
of
his
castles
,
giving
out
he
was
dead
.
Vpon
the
report
of
these
doings
,
Peter
procures
4000.
English
foot
,
which
he
transported
by
sea
to
Savoy
;
his
coming
was
so
sudden
,
that
none
knew
of
it
till
he
was
there
:
He
first
takes
in
the
Castles
that
were
revolted
,
and
puts
the
Governors
to
death
;
then
falls
upon
the
Territories
of
Geneva
;
but
by
the
mediation
of
the
Earl
of
Burgundy
a
peace
is
concluded
between
the
Savoyan
and
Genevan
,
so
that
the
Genevan
should
pay
a
great
summe
of
mony
to
the
Savoyan
for
the
charges
he
had
been
at
in
this
war
,
and
withall
Amadeus
should
keep
the
Castles
which
he
had
regained
.
Then
he
builds
a
Town
called
Margesus
,
upon
the
bank
of
the
Lake
and
four
Castles
in
the
Territories
of
Vienna
;
afterward
he
makes
a
journy
into
Germany
to
visit
Richard
Earl
of
Cornwal
,
who
had
married
Elianors
sister
Queen
of
England
,
and
was
in
competition
with
Alphonsus
for
the
Empire
.
Peter
having
sworn
fealty
to
Richard
,
obtains
of
him
full
power
and
right
over
the
Taurini
,
Ueragri
,
Salassii
,
and
Uaulxii
,
for
him
and
his
posterity
;
but
at
length
Peter
being
returned
from
Germany
into
Savoy
,
fell
into
a
lingring
malady
,
of
which
he
dyed
,
having
made
his
Philip
having
received
the
ring
of
S.
Maurice
,
(
which
had
been
given
to
Peter
by
a
certain
Abbot
)
succeeds
in
the
Earldorne
;
he
was
a
Church-man
,
and
held
the
Bishopricks
of
Lions
and
Valentium
in
Commendam
;
but
this
Churchlife
he
forsook
,
and
married
.
Those
of
Berne
and
Friburgh
,
having
made
their
peace
with
the
Emperor
Ralph
of
Habspurgh
,
who
had
made
war
upon
the
Switzers
,
he
takes
some
towns
and
forts
from
this
Philip
,
who
complained
thereof
to
the
Pope
,
hoping
he
would
have
dealt
with
the
Emperor
for
satisfaction
;
but
finding
none
,
he
fell
sick
with
discontent
,
and
so
for
ten
yeares
together
pined
away
,
and
died
.
He
divided
his
estate
before
he
died
,
among
To
Philip
succeeded
Amadeus
4.
his
brothers
second
son
.
He
had
long
war
with
the
Earl
of
Geneva
,
and
Humbert
the
Delphin
of
Uienna
:
the
Genevan
laboured
to
incense
Thomas
,
under
pretext
of
wrong
done
him
by
Amadeus
his
younger
brother
,
for
accepting
Savoy
;
but
Thomas
was
so
faithful
,
that
he
would
not
stir
against
his
brother
;
wherefore
the
Delphin
got
him
with
some
of
his
forces
which
he
had
raised
in
defence
of
his
brother
,
into
an
ambush
,
and
slew
him
:
but
fearing
lest
Amadeus
would
be
revenged
upon
his
Country
for
this
slaughter
,
he
invites
the
Genevan
to
fall
with
fire
and
sword
upon
the
lands
of
Lewis
the
youngest
brother
,
hoping
by
this
to
keep
off
the
Savoyan
forces
from
his
own
land
.
Amadeus
seeing
that
one
of
his
brothers
was
killed
,
and
the
lands
of
the
other
wasted
,
fals
suddenly
with
an
army
upon
the
Genevan
territories
,
seiseth
on
the
bridge
which
joyned
Savoy
with
his
brothers
country
,
and
guards
it
;
the
Genevan
being
amazed
at
this
sudden
coming
of
Amadeus
,
presently
flies
;
the
Savoyan
takes
in
some
forts
and
castles
,
which
he
furnisheth
with
men
and
provision
to
keep
off
any
more
incursions
into
his
brothers
country
;
the
territories
on
both
sides
are
miserably
wasted
with
fire
and
sword
,
and
the
inhabitants
with
plague
and
famine
,
till
peace
was
concluded
by
the
Popes
Legats
,
and
the
English
and
Burgundian
Ambassadors
:
Whilst
Amadeus
was
employed
in
besieging
Entremontium
,
the
Earle
of
Geneva
by
the
help
of
a
faction
in
the
City
,
got
possession
of
it
,
which
did
properly
belong
to
the
Bishop
of
Geneva
,
not
to
the
Earle
;
but
in
a
short
time
the
City
declaring
for
the
Savoyen
,
drove
out
the
faction
,
and
the
Earle
was
fain
to
flie
:
Many
were
laid
in
irons
,
and
their
houses
pulled
down
,
whom
Amadeus
put
to
death
as
soon
as
he
came
,
and
took
the
Castle
which
held
out
against
him
,
putting
all
within
it
to
the
sword
,
except
the
women
:
shortly
after
the
Bishop
was
banished
for
plotting
to
bring
in
the
Earle
of
Geneva
again
,
and
his
Castle
pulled
down
:
Not
long
after
the
Earle
of
Geneva
dieth
,
and
so
doth
the
Delphin
,
whose
sons
conspired
to
continue
their
fathers
quarrel
against
the
Savoyen
,
who
hereupon
sends
his
son
Edward
with
a
puissant
Army
against
them
;
Edward
obtains
a
glorious
victory
,
and
returns
to
his
father
with
great
joy
:
At
length
the
Countries
being
wasted
with
long
war
,
a
peace
is
concluded
,
and
the
Savoyens
daughter
is
married
to
William
Earle
of
Geneva
;
but
this
peace
lasted
not
above
two
years
;
for
the
Delphin
perceiving
that
he
could
not
perswade
the
Genevan
to
break
with
his
father
in
law
,
labours
by
treachery
to
get
the
Town
and
Abbey
of
Ambrunaya
,
for
that
purpose
deals
secretly
with
three
wicked
Monks
of
that
Abbey
,
born
in
Delphiny
,
to
betray
the
place
,
which
they
did
,
by
letting
in
through
a
back-gate
the
Delphins
forces
;
this
being
done
,
the
three
Monks
seise
on
the
Abbot
in
the
Church-porch
betimes
in
the
morning
as
he
was
going
to
Masse
,
and
hanged
him
from
a
high
window
,
because
he
was
alwayes
averse
from
their
wicked
courses
;
the
Savoyen
hearing
of
this
wicked
act
,
sends
a
considerable
Army
thither
,
who
suddenly
seised
on
Ambrunaya
,
puts
all
to
the
sword
that
were
for
the
Delphin
,
and
sends
the
three
Monks
to
the
Ecclesiastick
Magistrate
to
be
punished
.
The
Delphin
upon
this
,
takes
by
treachery
from
the
Savoyen
the
Castle
Mirebellum
,
which
he
strongly
garrisons
,
and
returns
to
Delphiny
,
when
he
heard
that
the
Savoyen
was
upon
his
march
with
a
great
Army
,
who
sits
down
before
the
strong
Town
of
St.
German
in
the
Delphinat
;
but
perceiving
the
place
was
well
provided
of
all
things
to
endure
a
long
siege
,
he
useth
this
stratagem
:
He
riseth
with
his
Army
pretending
to
besiege
Languienum
;
when
those
of
St.
German
seeing
the
danger
Langienum
was
in
,
sent
out
their
chief
provisions
and
forces
to
relieve
it
:
Upon
this
,
the
Savoyen
returns
with
his
Army
to
S.
German
,
which
he
takes
with
ease
,
being
destitute
of
their
aid
,
which
could
not
get
in
to
them
,
yet
the
Towns-men
fought
till
they
were
almost
all
slain
;
the
Castle
also
at
last
yeelded
:
then
Amadeus
besiegeth
and
taketh
the
Town
Amberievum
.
The
loss
of
these
two
places
so
grieved
the
Delphin
,
that
shortly
after
he
fell
sick
and
died
.
About
which
Flemings
;
Philip
to
make
himself
so
much
the
stronger
,
got
the
Savoyen
and
Delphin
to
resign
both
their
Armies
to
him
,
which
they
did
;
and
after
a
long
war
peace
is
concluded
.
Amadeus
made
his
son
Edward
General
of
the
Savoy
forces
.
This
Amadeus
for
his
good
service
at
Rhodes
was
honoured
with
the
title
of
Great
,
and
a
silver
Crosse
(
the
Arms
of
the
Knights
of
S.
Iohn
of
Ierusalem
)
was
added
to
his
Arms.
He
instituted
a
Colledge
for
six
little
children
in
the
Monastery
of
Cluny
,
who
were
to
pray
for
the
Earles
of
Savoy
;
because
the
Earle
and
his
wife
both
dreamed
at
one
time
,
that
they
saw
six
little
children
pray
to
God
to
send
the
Earl
and
his
Countess
issue
which
hitherto
they
wanted
:
This
Colledge
was
called
the
Holy
Covent
.
At
last
,
Amadeus
,
as
he
was
going
to
Avenion
to
procure
aid
for
his
son
in
law
,
the
Emperour
of
Byzantium
,
against
the
Turks
,
died
,
and
was
buried
in
Altacomba
.
Edward
the
ninth
,
Earle
of
Savoy
,
received
the
Ring
,
and
succeeded
to
his
Amadeus
the
fifth
,
brother
to
Edward
being
at
Avenion
with
Pope
Iohn
22.
is
called
home
against
his
will
,
and
invested
in
the
Earldome
by
the
Ring
;
Edwards
daughter
,
by
the
Salique
law
,
is
put
by
;
but
her
husband
the
Duke
of
Britan
would
not
suffer
her
to
give
up
her
right
till
she
received
a
great
summe
of
money
for
it
.
The
Delphin
growing
insolent
for
the
victory
he
got
a
while
ago
over
Edward
,
began
now
with
fire
and
sword
to
waste
the
borders
of
Savoy
.
Hereupon
Amadeus
,
though
otherwise
a
peaceable
Prince
,
is
forced
to
take
Arms
in
his
subjects
right
,
having
first
made
a
league
with
the
Earl
of
Geneva
;
he
therefore
first
sets
upon
the
Castle
Monthousiun●…
,
which
he
took
with
great
resolution
and
courage
,
for
he
was
the
first
that
scaled
the
walls
,
and
leapt
down
thence
upon
a
Plain
,
keeping
off
the
Enemy
till
his
forces
came
to
his
assistance
:
after
this
he
built
and
took
in
other
Castles
.
The
Delphin
to
requite
Amadeus
,
besiegeth
the
Castle
Perrieria
in
Savoy
;
but
as
he
was
coming
too
near
to
view
the
works
,
is
killed
with
an
arrow
;
whereupon
the
Castle
was
the
more
fiercely
assaulted
,
and
at
last
surrendered
,
upon
condition
that
they
should
have
their
lives
;
but
the
Articles
were
presently
broken
by
the
besiegers
,
who
put
all
the
besieged
to
death
,
for
the
losse
of
their
Commander
,
having
no
regard
of
sexe
or
age
:
the
Castle
also
is
totally
demolished
.
But
when
Humbert
the
Delphins
brother
succeeded
,
Philip
Valoise
makes
a
firm
peace
between
Savoy
and
the
Delphinat
:
So
Amadeus
gives
himself
totally
to
building
,
repairing
,
and
enriching
of
Religious
houses
;
he
gathered
together
all
his
Ancesters
bones
which
had
been
buried
abroad
,
and
laid
them
up
in
the
Chappel
of
Altacomba
.
At
last
he
died
,
having
lost
a
young
son
Amadeus
nine
years
old
.
Amadeus
6.
succeeded
,
surnamed
the
Green
,
because
he
and
his
Court
did
wear
Mor●…a
.
Roberts
Neece
being
rejected
by
the
Salique
law
.
The
first
act
Amadeus
did
,
was
the
restoring
of
the
Bishop
of
Sednuum
to
his
place
,
being
wrongfully
thrust
out
by
the
giddy
multitude
.
After
this
,
new
quarrels
arise
between
him
and
the
Delphin
,
because
Hugh
of
Geneva
had
got
the
Baronry
of
Geisium
,
which
was
given
by
Hugard
Lord
thereof
to
Amadeus
the
fifth
of
Savoy
.
Amadeus
the
sixth
sends
to
Hugh
that
he
should
come
and
do
his
homage
for
that
Baronry
;
this
he
refused
,
saying
,
that
he
was
bound
to
do
his
homage
to
the
Delphin
,
not
to
him
.
Whereupon
the
Savoyen
takes
the
Castle
of
Florimontum
by
storm
,
and
shortly
after
the
strong
Town
Geisium
.
Hugh
of
Geneva
to
requite
this
,
takes
some
Forts
in
Savoy
,
and
puts
all
to
the
Sword.
Great
slaughter
and
spoil
is
done
on
both
sides
,
till
the
Delphin
resigned
his
interest
in
the
Delphinat
to
Philip
Valoise
the
French
King.
Upon
this
,
the
limits
of
Savoy
,
and
the
Delphinat
are
so
setled
,
that
all
occasion
of
future
quarels
are
taken
away
.
The
river
of
Guyerus
is
made
the
bounder
of
their
Territories
:
But
no
sooner
had
Amadeus
disbanded
his
forces
,
when
the
Archbishop
of
Millan
took
occasion
to
lay
claim
to
Piemont
,
therefore
entertains
the
disbanded
Souldiers
,
with
a
multitude
of
high-way
men
,
whom
he
employed
to
invade
Piemont
;
yet
in
this
action
he
would
not
be
seen
himself
.
But
the
Savoyen
quickly
suppressed
these
Robbers
,
and
hanged
up
David
and
Robert
their
Captains
,
with
many
others
whom
they
took
alive
.
After
this
he
bought
the
Baronry
of
Vaulxium
,
and
made
war
upon
the
Prince
of
Morea
,
for
killing
the
Earls
messenger
sent
to
summon
the
Prince
:
He
took
divers
Forts
and
Castles
from
this
Prince
,
which
afterward
he
restored
,
being
reconciled
to
him
,
having
lost
Baumeus
and
Chalantius
,
his
two
chief
friends
in
this
war.
This
Earle
instituted
the
order
of
the
Anunciada
,
in
memory
of
the
Annunciation
of
our
Lady
:
He
ordained
fourteen
of
the
prime
Nobibity
to
be
of
this
Colledge
,
on
each
of
whom
he
bestowed
a
golden
Collar
,
with
the
Virgins
effigies
hanging
at
it
;
within
the
links
of
the
Collar
,
are
engraven
these
four
letters
,
F.
E.
R.
T.
which
was
the
Motto
of
Amadeus
the
Great
,
who
took
Rhodes
;
for
the
meaning
is
,
Fortitudo
ejus
Rhodum
tenuit
.
The
annual
solemnity
is
held
on
our
Lady-day
in
the
Castle
of
S.
Peter
in
Turin
:
this
example
was
followed
by
Lewis
the
eleventh
of
France
,
who
instituted
the
order
of
S.
Michael
;
Philip
the
governour
of
Burgundy
,
author
of
the
order
of
the
Golden-Fleece
;
and
Edward
the
third
of
England
,
who
ordained
the
order
of
the
Garter
.
This
Earl
erected
a
Monastery
of
Carthusians
to
pray
for
the
safety
of
this
order
of
the
Annunciation
.
After
this
,
the
Earl
goeth
against
the
Marquess
of
Saluzzes
,
who
had
conspired
with
the
Archbishop
of
Millan
against
him
,
whom
having
besieged
,
he
forced
him
to
come
into
his
Pavilion
in
an
humble
way
,
with
a
napkin
bound
about
his
neck
,
and
publikely
to
beg
pardon
,
and
to
take
again
the
oath
of
Allegiance
.
Afterward
peace
being
concluded
in
France
,
the
English
souldiers
going
to
help
the
Marquess
of
Montsferrat
against
the
Vicount
of
Millan
,
were
forced
to
march
through
Piemont
;
at
which
the
Earl
being
offended
takes
up
Arms
against
them
:
the
English
upon
this
take
many
of
his
Forts
,
and
besiege
the
Earl
in
Lansa
;
but
upon
the
payment
of
two
thousand
and
four
hundred
pounds
,
the
English
are
content
to
leave
off
the
siege
,
to
restore
the
Forts
and
prisoners
,
and
to
march
peaceably
through
the
Country
.
After
this
he
raiseth
a
great
Army
,
and
so
did
Lewis
Duke
of
Burbon
against
Peter
K.
of
Castile
,
who
to
please
his
whore
Mary
,
had
stifled
his
own
wife
Blanca
sister
to
the
Duke
of
Burbon
,
and
to
the
wife
of
Amadeus
:
but
hearing
that
Peter
was
killed
by
Henry
his
bastard
brother
,
they
alter
their
resolution
from
invading
Castile
,
and
intend
to
set
upon
the
Despot
of
Bulgaria
,
who
under
pretence
of
friendship
had
imprisoned
Iohn
Paleologus
Emperour
of
Constantinople
;
he
transports
his
men
to
Callipolis
,
which
Amurathes
had
invaded
:
the
Barbarians
resisted
his
landing
a
while
,
but
at
last
were
forced
to
give
way
.
As
soon
as
the
Christian
Army
was
landed
,
they
had
divers
skirmishes
with
the
Turks
and
Bulgarians
,
whom
Amadeus
defeated
,
and
took
in
divers
of
their
Forts
;
afterwards
he
besiegeth
Varna
,
which
caused
the
Bulgarian
to
set
the
Emperor
at
liberty
,
who
with
Amadeus
were
received
into
Bizantium
with
great
joy
:
But
the
Savoyen
disliking
divers
of
the
Greek
Ceremonies
in
their
Divine-service
,
urgeth
the
Emperour
to
unite
the
Greek
Church
with
the
Latine
,
to
which
he
condescended
;
and
to
let
the
Earle
see
he
was
reall
,
he
sends
to
Pera
,
where
Amadeus
was
,
the
sons
of
his
chief
Nobility
as
hostages
,
and
withall
the
Imperial
Diadem
,
and
shortly
after
he
goeth
himself
to
Rome
for
that
purpose
;
but
being
denied
by
the
Pope
a
few
Gallies
against
Amurathes
the
Turk
,
he
returnes
home
without
any
thing
done
in
the
union
,
which
might
then
have
been
easily
effected
.
Whilst
Amadeus
was
absent
in
Constantinople
,
Barnabas
Viscount
of
Millan
,
with
his
brother
Galeacius
invade
Piemont
,
to
whom
joyned
the
Marquess
of
Salussia
,
and
Philip
son
of
Iames
,
Prince
of
Morea
;
Earl
Amadeus
hearing
of
this
,
was
forced
to
leave
off
prosecuting
the
union
of
the
Greeks
and
Latine
Churches
,
and
repair
with
all
speed
to
Savoy
,
at
whose
comming
the
Enemy
retreats
back
to
Lombardy
;
but
the
Salussian
,
and
Philip
of
Morea
staying
too
long
behinde
,
were
cut
off
by
the
Savoyen
.
After
this
,
the
Marquess
of
Montsferrat
with
the
Savoyen
help
,
overthrew
the
Viscounts
Army
,
which
had
taken
some
Towns
from
the
Marquess
,
and
besieged
Asta
;
upon
this
defeat
,
the
siege
is
raised
.
After
this
,
Amadeus
is
employed
by
Charles
the
fourth
,
Emperour
,
Pope
Gregory
the
eleventh
,
and
Ioan
Queen
of
Naples
,
all
whose
lands
were
invaded
by
Barnabo
of
Millan
,
and
his
brother
Galeacius
:
against
these
the
Earle
marcheth
,
takes
Coma
,
and
restores
it
to
the
Queen
;
then
takes
divers
Towns
from
the
Enemy
,
and
forceth
Galeacius
to
make
his
peace
,
which
was
granted
conditionally
he
should
not
help
his
brother
,
and
so
all
the
forces
joyn
together
against
Barnabo
,
who
upon
this
hasteneth
to
Millan
,
fearing
the
Enemy
would
besiege
it
,
which
indeed
the
Savoyen
intended
,
had
the
Popes
forces
come
in
time
,
which
were
now
upon
their
march
,
but
could
not
joyn
with
Amadeus
,
because
Barnabo
had
opened
the
sluces
,
and
drowned
all
the
passages
;
yet
afterward
Amadeus
made
a
shift
,
and
got
with
great
difficulty
to
the
Popes
Army
▪
at
Bononia
.
These
together
plundered
the
Countries
of
Placentia
and
Parma
,
and
were
preparing
to
sit
down
before
Placentia
;
but
Amadeus
fell
suddenly
sick
,
so
that
he
was
forced
to
be
carried
in
a
Litter
to
Murina
;
and
upon
this
the
Army
dissolved
.
Afterward
Amadeus
being
recovered
,
and
now
in
the
Kingdome
of
Naples
with
an
Army
against
Pope
Urban
the
sixth
,
in
defence
of
Lewis
of
Andes
,
fell
suddenly
sick
again
,
with
the
Duke
of
Andes
,
and
a
multitude
of
souldiers
and
horses
that
had
drunk
of
a
water
which
the
Enemy
had
poysoned
,
all
Amadeus
the
seventh
,
son
to
the
former
,
having
received
the
ring
,
succeeds
:
he
was
now
three
and
twenty
years
of
age
,
and
had
already
given
good
testimony
of
his
valour
in
his
fathers
time
,
by
taking
in
some
Towns
and
Forts
upon
the
River
Araris
;
his
dominions
were
enlarged
by
the
Isle
of
Tene●…os
,
which
was
given
to
his
father
by
the
Venetians
and
Genuois
,
between
whom
he
made
peace
,
after
they
had
quarrelled
long
for
this
Island
,
as
we
have
said
;
the
City
Coma
also
was
bestowed
upon
the
same
Amadeus
the
father
,
by
legacy
from
the
Queen
of
Naples
.
This
young
Earle
made
war
,
with
good
success
,
upon
the
Marquess
of
Montsferrat
,
for
causing
some
of
the
Savoyen
subjects
to
rebel
.
He
took
Sedun
with
their
Forts
,
and
made
them
receive
again
their
Bishop
,
Edward
the
Prince
of
Morea's
son
,
whom
they
had
thrust
out
:
he
defeated
the
Marquess
of
Saluzes
forces
which
had
invaded
his
Country
;
the
Seigniority
of
Nicea
chose
him
for
their
Prince
,
and
so
did
some
other
Princes
thereabout
.
But
after
Amadeus
was
returned
home
,
one
day
as
he
was
hunting
the
Bore
,
he
fell
from
his
horse
,
and
sorely
wounded
his
thigh
,
which
a
Montebank
out
of
Africa
,
who
then
waited
on
the
Duke
of
Burbon
,
undertook
to
cure
,
but
it's
thought
he
poysoned
him
,
for
so
the
Earl
Savoy
,
France
,
Burgundy
and
Germany
,
into
England
.
The
Earl
is
buried
in
Altacomba
.
CHAP.
IX
.
The
French
Story
from
the
year
1313.
till
1380.
interwoven
with
divers
passages
of
England
,
Flanders
,
Spain
,
Germany
,
Italy
,
&c.
IN
France
,
to
Philip
the
Fair
succeeded
his
son
Lewis
Hutin
,
who
had
before
Ammian
Marcellin
writes
,
that
in
his
time
there
were
a
people
in
France
called
Salies
;
therefore
though
the
Duke
of
Burguny
uncle
to
this
Princess
stood
for
her
right
a
while
,
yet
at
last
yeelded
to
the
other
Peers
of
France
,
and
acknowledged
Philip
le
Long
,
the
deceased
Kings
brother
,
lawful
heir
,
who
was
crowned
without
contradiction
;
he
bestowed
his
eldest
daughter
on
this
Odon
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
with
her
the
Country
of
Burgundy
:
his
second
he
gave
to
Lewis
Count
Roberts
son
of
Flanders
,
who
in
right
of
his
mother
was
Count
of
Nivern
:
the
third
was
espoused
to
the
Delphin
of
Vienna
:
Iane
the
defunct
Kings
daughter
,
was
married
to
Lewis
Count
of
Evreux
,
who
by
her
obtained
the
Kingdome
of
Navarre
.
In
the
mean
while
,
the
Pope
confirms
the
peace
between
France
and
Flanders
,
by
which
it
is
agreed
that
the
Earle
of
Flanders
should
pay
to
the
French
a
million
of
Crowns
in
twenty
years
by
equal
portions
.
The
design
for
the
Holy-war
is
hindred
,
by
the
debate
that
was
between
Lewis
of
Bavaria
,
and
Frederic
of
Austria
;
the
Gibellins
that
were
banished
out
of
Genua
procure
Mark
son
to
Matthew
chief
of
the
Gibellin
faction
,
and
Vicar
of
the
Empire
to
besiege
Genua
,
which
sent
to
the
Pope
for
his
protection
:
the
Pope
commands
Mark
to
cease
from
molesting
those
who
sought
his
protection
;
Mark
refused
to
obey
,
whereupon
he
is
declared
an
heretick
,
and
an
enemy
to
the
Church
,
and
so
denounceth
war
against
him
;
for
effecting
of
which
he
reconciles
King
Robert
with
the
King
of
Arragon
,
whom
he
makes
to
resigne
Rhege
to
Robert
,
who
thereupon
presents
himself
before
Genua
with
fifteen
Gallies
of
his
own
,
and
ten
of
the
Popes
,
but
these
could
not
make
Mark
raise
the
siege
,
till
an
Army
was
sent
against
Millan
,
which
caused
the
Millanois
return
home
to
save
their
City
:
Philip
also
,
son
to
Charles
of
Valois
,
and
to
King
Roberts
sister
,
marcheth
with
an
Army
into
Italy
,
upon
whose
approach
Galeas
Viscount
,
and
son
to
Matthew
,
proffers
to
submit
himself
to
the
French
Kings
Arbitrator
,
which
this
young
Prince
believing
,
returned
with
his
forces
into
France
,
where
he
found
the
King
dangerously
sick
,
and
a
great
mortality
every
where
caused
by
the
Iews
,
who
poysoned
the
waters
,
partly
hired
by
the
Turks
and
Saracens
,
and
partly
to
be
revenged
for
their
banishment
under
Philip
the
Fair
;
the
Iews
are
apprehended
and
imprisoned
,
who
that
they
might
not
fall
into
the
Christians
hands
did
hang
one
another
in
the
prison
;
the
last
man
being
left
alone
thought
to
escape
by
a
rope
,
but
the
rope
brake
,
and
he
was
found
maimed
,
but
the
Charles
the
Fair
,
Philips
brother
succeeded
:
He
falls
presently
to
execution
of
justice
,
being
omitted
by
reason
of
the
great
mortality
,
and
the
short
livesof
the
late
Kings
.
He
caused
one
Iordain
,
a
kinsman
of
Pope
Iohn
,
to
be
hanged
for
murther
.
Lewis
Count
of
Nevers
is
imprisoned
for
his
presumptuous
behaviour
toward
the
King.
One
Hugh
occasioneth
great
troubles
in
France
,
for
building
a
Fort
in
Guien
without
the
Kings
leave
,
pretending
it
was
English
ground
;
At
last
,
it
was
after
much
debate
demolished
by
Charles
Valoise
,
who
with
an
Army
defeated
Hugh
,
and
his
English
forces
.
This
Charles
was
he
who
caused
Enguerranum
his
special
friend
to
be
hanged
for
which
fact
afterward
he
grew
so
discontented
,
that
he
fell
sick
,
and
died
;
but
before
his
death
,
he
procured
of
the
King
leave
to
take
down
the
corps
from
the
Gibbet
,
and
to
bury
it
magnificently
.
In
the
mean
while
,
Charles
the
Fair
having
reigned
seven
years
,
died
,
and
left
his
wife
great
with
childe
:
King
Edward
of
England
,
son
to
Philip
the
Fairs
daughter
,
sister
to
the
last
King
,
claimed
title
to
the
Regency
,
as
being
next
of
kin
;
but
the
French
told
him
that
he
was
too
young
to
govern
such
a
Kingdome
,
and
that
he
had
need
to
have
a
governour
himself
.
Philip
son
to
Charles
of
Valoise
told
him
plainly
,
that
France
was
not
to
be
governed
by
women
,
and
that
it
was
unreasonable
for
a
daughter
of
France
married
in
England
to
claim
that
right
,
which
was
denied
to
her
that
was
married
to
the
●…rgundian
,
which
was
alwaies
accounted
French
;
much
was
debated
to
and
fro
about
this
business
:
In
the
interim
,
the
Queen
Dowager
brought
to
bed
of
a
daughter
;
upon
which
,
Philip
of
Valoise
is
declared
King
,
and
consecrated
at
Rhemes
,
and
crowned
at
S.
Dennis
,
thence
he
rides
in
great
state
to
Paris
,
where
he
is
received
by
the
Nobility
,
City
,
Clergy
and
University
,
in
great
pomp
;
and
a
match
is
made
between
this
new
Kings
youngest
son
Philip
being
setled
,
resolves
to
make
wars
upon
Flanders
,
for
not
paying
the
million
of
Crowns
agreed
upon
;
Earle
Lewis
sent
his
collectors
to
raise
the
money
,
but
they
were
slighted
,
and
he
forced
to
flye
,
because
of
a
fire
that
happened
at
Turney
whilst
he
was
there
,
the
people
supposing
that
he
had
set
the
Town
on
fire
.
The
French
King
raiseth
an
Army
and
besiegeth
Cassel
,
upon
the
borders
where
he
Flemings
had
put
a
Garrison
;
but
he
could
not
either
take
the
Town
,
or
draw
the
besieged
to
fight
,
wherefore
he
falls
with
fire
and
sword
upon
the
Country
all
about
,
hoping
to
draw
the
besieged
out
of
their
strong
hold
,
but
could
not
:
At
length
the
Souldiers
returning
with
great
booties
to
their
Tents
,
began
to
make
merry
,
and
be
careless
;
the
Flemings
seeing
this
,
issue
so
suddenly
out
of
the
Town
upon
the
Camp
,
that
they
had
almost
surprised
the
King
;
but
the
alarm
being
made
,
and
the
King
on
horse-back
,
the
French
fall
furiously
on
the
Flemings
,
routs
them
,
and
kills
eighteen
thousand
;
so
Cassel
is
taken
,
sackt
and
burned
,
and
Count
Lewis
is
resetled
in
his
Country
,
where
the
authors
of
the
rebellion
are
put
to
death
;
William
Canute
one
of
the
chiefest
,
was
fled
to
the
Duke
of
Brabant
,
but
he
was
forced
to
deliver
him
up
to
the
King
,
who
caused
his
head
to
be
cut
off
at
Paris
.
In
the
Kings
absence
the
Clergy
incroached
much
upon
the
secular
Courts
,
of
which
complaint
was
made
to
the
King
;
but
he
favouring
the
Clergy
was
content
to
let
them
go
on
in
their
judicatures
.
Shortly
after
there
met
at
Amiens
four
Kings
,
to
wit
,
of
France
,
of
England
,
of
Bohemia
,
and
of
Majorea
:
King
Edward
came
to
do
homage
for
the
Dutchie
of
Guien
.
The
French
King
prepares
for
his
expedition
into
the
Holy-Land
,
therefore
goeth
to
Avenion
to
consult
with
the
Pope
about
it
,
and
withall
makes
his
son
Iohn
,
now
fourteen
years
old
,
Duke
of
Normandy
and
Regent
of
France
.
Then
he
sends
to
the
King
of
England
to
joyn
with
him
in
this
holy
expedition
,
but
he
found
that
he
was
otherwaies
bent
,
and
intended
to
invade
France
,
wherefore
the
expedition
into
Palestine
is
laid
aside
.
Robert
Earl
of
Artois
,
who
had
been
so
hot
for
the
Salique
law
,
in
the
right
of
King
Philip
against
the
English
Ambassadours
,
is
now
quite
changed
,
and
altogether
for
the
English
Title
;
whereupon
to
secure
himself
from
Philips
indignation
,
conveys
his
chief
wealth
to
Burdeaux
,
then
in
the
English
possession
,
and
repairs
himself
to
King
Edward
in
England
,
who
had
already
made
war
upon
David
King
of
Scotland
,
whereby
the
French
King
is
ingaged
in
honour
to
assist
his
friend
and
allie
;
and
now
open
acts
of
hostility
are
committed
by
the
French
and
English
on
each
other
both
by
Sea
and
Land
;
in
the
interim
king
Philip
to
strengthen
himself
the
more
,
bestowes
his
daughter
upon
the
young
Duke
of
Brabant
,
who
was
aimed
at
by
William
of
Henault
,
for
one
of
his
daughters
,
and
drawes
in
all
his
ancient
Confederates
to
joyne
with
him
in
this
war
;
for
this
purpose
he
reconciles
the
Savoyans
and
Delphinats
;
there
is
also
alliance
made
by
marriage
between
France
and
Bohemia
;
and
for
fear
lest
the
Flemings
should
side
with
the
English
,
the
Pope
confirmes
a
solemn
league
between
the
French
and
Flemings
,
these
swearing
fidelity
to
France
,
which
they
promise
to
keep
,
or
to
forfeit
a
million
of
Crownes
;
peace
also
is
made
between
Arragon
and
Navar
,
both
kings
engaging
themselves
to
stand
for
France
;
but
Lewis
of
Bavare
the
Emperour
takes
part
with
king
Edward
against
the
French
,
because
he
thought
the
French
king
kept
off
the
Pope
from
absolving
him
;
William
of
Henault
also
was
against
the
French
,
because
he
intercepted
the
Duke
of
Brabant
,
with
whom
he
meant
to
marry
his
daughter
;
the
Duke
of
Guelders
,
the
Marquess
of
Iuliers
,
and
Bishop
of
Colen
were
also
enemies
to
France
;
but
the
Earl
of
Flanders
stood
firm
to
the
French
,
he
beheaded
Le
Courtisien
a
French
Lord
at
Gaunt
,
for
keeping
correspondency
with
the
English
,
upon
which
the
Commons
fell
to
mutiny
,
and
killed
some
of
the
Earls
Officers
,
and
the
Earl
himself
,
pretending
he
was
going
to
hunt
,
fled
to
France
;
the
English
in
the
mean
time
take
some
Townes
from
the
French
;
these
invade
England
,
and
plunder
and
burn
Southampton
:
Cambray
is
summoned
to
surrender
to
king
Edward
,
as
Vicar
or
Lieutenant
of
the
Empire
,
alledging
that
the
City
belonged
to
the
Empire
,
not
to
France
,
but
the
French
Garrison
within
refused
to
obey
.
The
French
Army
consisted
of
four
Kings
,
to
wit
,
of
France
,
Scotland
,
Bohemia
,
and
Navar
;
of
six
Dukes
,
among
which
were
the
Duke
of
Britany
and
Lorain
,
six
and
twenty
Earls
,
four
thousand
Knights
or
Cavaliers
,
in
all
100000
Souldiers
;
the
English
and
German
Camp
consisted
of
60000.
which
by
the
advice
of
Robert
of
Artois
was
raised
from
the
siege
of
Cambray
,
because
he
thought
such
a
gallant
Army
would
do
better
service
in
the
Field
,
then
to
lie
idle
a
whole
Summer
before
so
strong
a
place
.
The
Count
of
Henault
,
upon
the
borders
of
France
,
took
his
leave
of
King
Edward
,
shewing
that
he
waited
on
him
so
long
as
he
was
within
the
limits
of
the
Empire
,
being
the
Emperors
Lieutenant
,
but
he
would
not
enter
into
France
to
make
war
against
his
Uncle
:
The
two
Armies
being
within
two
leagues
of
each
other
,
prepare
to
fight
;
the
Challenge
is
sent
by
an
Herald
from
the
English
,
and
entertained
by
the
French
;
but
king
Philip
is
advised
by
Robert
king
of
Sicily
,
and
his
wife
Councel
,
not
to
fight
with
the
English
,
and
hazard
France
upon
the
fortune
of
a
Battel
;
the
Dutch
being
weary
of
the
French
delayes
,
began
to
think
of
returning
home
;
King
Edward
gave
them
leave
,
and
retires
to
Flanders
with
his
Army
,
purposely
to
draw
the
Flemings
from
the
French
to
his
side
,
which
they
were
unwilling
to
do
,
because
of
their
engagement
and
promise
;
Upon
this
King
Edward
takes
the
title
of
France
upon
him
,
and
weares
the
Lillies
in
his
Colours
,
by
this
telling
the
Flemings
,
that
they
did
not
violate
their
oath
in
submitting
to
him
,
being
both
King
of
France
and
England
,
and
so
got
the
Flemings
to
side
with
him
,
for
which
they
are
excommunicated
by
the
Pope
.
After
this
,
King
Edward
went
over
to
England
to
raise
money
,
having
left
his
Queen
at
Gaunt
ready
to
lye
in
;
in
his
absence
,
King
Philip
by
his
Neece
the
Empress
,
got
the
Emperour
Lewis
of
Bavaria
to
renounce
the
English
,
and
to
take
away
from
Edward
the
Lieutenantship
of
the
Empire
,
because
he
had
not
paid
the
summe
he
promised
to
the
Emperour
;
in
the
mean
while
the
French
and
Flemings
made
daily
excursions
upon
each
others
borders
;
the
Earle
of
Salisbury
before
Lisle
is
taken
prisoner
,
and
carried
to
Paris
,
two
hundred
of
his
men
being
cut
off
by
the
French
,
who
took
the
Towns
of
Escandure
and
Thin
.
The
French
sent
a
Fleet
of
380
saile
to
lie
before
the
Sluce
in
Flanders
,
which
now
sided
with
the
English
:
King
Edward
encounters
this
Fleet
with
another
It
fell
out
well
for
Spain
,
that
this
peace
was
made
;
otherwise
the
three
African
Kings
who
had
joyned
their
Forces
with
the
Sarazen
King
of
Grenada
,
and
had
defeated
the
Spaniards
divers
times
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
were
like
totally
to
have
subdued
the
Countrey
,
but
that
the
two
Alphonsus
Kings
of
Castile
and
Portugal
,
with
the
French
and
Navar
Forces
in
a
great
battel
totally
defeated
the
Barbarians
,
seised
upon
all
their
rich
plunder
,
and
carried
the
African
Banners
in
triumph
to
the
Pope
at
Avenion
,
where
they
were
hung
up
in
the
chief
Church
.
About
this
time
Count
Evreux
king
of
Navar
died
;
and
immediately
began
the
war
of
Britany
,
upon
the
death
of
Duke
Iohn
,
who
died
,
as
is
said
,
going
home
from
Tournay
;
he
had
married
his
onely
daughter
before
to
Charles
son
of
the
Count
De
Blois
,
and
of
Margaret
sister
to
Philip
the
French
king
;
but
Duke
Iohns
third
brother
Count
de
Montfort
laid
Title
to
the
Dutchy
of
Brittany
,
and
for
that
cause
seised
upon
Nantes
,
Brest
,
Rhemes
,
Venuez
,
and
the
treasure
of
Limoges
.
Charles
de
Blois
in
right
of
his
crooked
wife
,
claimed
the
Dutchy
,
both
appeal
to
the
Peers
of
France
and
Parliament
of
Paris
,
who
declare
the
Right
to
be
in
Charls
:
At
which
,
Iohn
de
Montfort
in
a
discontent
goeth
into
England
,
and
entertaines
a
league
with
king
Edward
;
but
when
he
was
returned
into
Brittany
,
he
is
accused
for
doing
homage
to
king
Edward
for
that
Dutchy
,
this
he
denied
;
yet
when
the
king
had
commanded
him
to
stay
in
Paris
,
he
stole
away
thence
by
night
,
which
so
exasperated
the
king
,
that
presently
he
sent
his
sonne
,
Prince
Iohn
Duke
of
Normandy
with
an
Army
to
settle
Charles
de
Blois
in
his
possession
of
Brittany
,
who
laid
siege
to
Nantes
,
and
took
it
upon
composition
,
and
in
it
Iohn
de
Montfort
,
who
is
sent
to
Paris
,
and
imprisoned
in
the
Louvere
.
Clanda
,
the
masculine
wife
of
Montfort
,
took
up
Armes
in
her
husbands
quarrel
,
sends
to
England
for
aide
,
seiseth
upon
Hembont
whilst
Charles
is
besieging
Rhemes
,
which
being
surrendred
he
brings
his
Army
to
Hembont
,
where
as
he
was
assaulting
the
wall
,
Clauda
slips
out
with
a
party
at
a
gate
,
and
enters
the
enemies
camp
,
which
she
plunders
and
sets
on
fire
;
but
upon
the
comming
of
the
English
supplies
,
Charles
raiseth
the
siege
.
Pope
Clement
the
sixth
being
newly
elected
,
procures
a
truce
of
two
years
between
Charles
and
Montfort
.
Clauda
upon
this
goeth
over
to
England
,
where
a
Match
is
proposed
between
her
young
son
and
the
kings
daughter
:
then
she
procures
a
fleet
from
England
,
under
the
conduct
of
Robert
of
Artois
:
the
English
being
landed
,
seise
upon
Vennes
;
the
French
with
an
army
besiege
it
;
but
as
Robert
was
striving
to
raise
the
siege
,
he
re●…ived
a
hurt
,
of
which
he
shortly
afterward
died
,
at
which
king
Edward
was
much
grieved
,
and
with
an
army
passeth
himself
into
Britany
,
where
having
taken
some
townes
,
upon
the
Popes
desire
a
truce
for
three
yeares
is
concluded
between
France
and
England
;
wherefore
Montfort
is
set
free
,
and
shortly
after
died
.
King
Philip
in
the
interim
caused
a
strict
search
to
be
made
for
such
as
favoured
the
English
in
the
former
war
;
divers
of
the
Nobility
of
Normandy
and
Britany
are
sent
to
Paris
and
beheaded
,
Ieoffry
de
Harcourt
escapes
into
England
.
About
this
time
,
one
Iames
de
Arteuel
a
Fleming
,
at
Gaunt
,
made
a
speech
against
the
French
in
favour
of
the
English
,
and
adviseth
the
people
to
drive
out
their
Earl
for
favouring
the
French
,
and
to
choose
a
new
one
,
or
to
admit
of
him
whom
king
Edward
should
send
.
Upon
this
the
Flemings
were
so
enraged
,
that
they
tore
him
in
peeces
and
flung
his
carkasse
to
the
dogs
.
King
Edward
in
the
mean
time
with
a
thousand
sail
arrives
in
Normandy
,
de
Blois
,
and
de
Sancerre
,
with
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
and
king
of
Bohemia
with
all
his
forces
were
slain
,
besides
twelve
hundred
Chevaliers
,
all
of
antient
families
;
the
King
himself
had
his
horse
shot
under
him
,
and
being
mounted
again
by
Count
de
Beaumont
,
fled
to
Broy
,
and
from
thence
to
Amiens
.
Ieoffry
de
Harcourt
hearing
that
his
brother
was
killed
,
fell
off
from
the
English
,
came
to
king
Philip
with
a
rope
about
his
neck
,
and
cast
himself
at
his
feet
craving
mercy
for
his
rebellion
,
for
which
the
king
pardoned
him
.
King
Edward
finding
Calice
a
fit
port
for
his
passage
into
England
,
sate
down
before
it
with
his
Army
,
and
having
besieged
it
eleven
moneths
,
at
last
took
it
upon
composition
;
sixe
of
the
chief
Burghers
were
demanded
by
the
king
to
be
put
to
death
,
who
willingly
offered
themselves
,
whose
courage
when
the
king
perceived
,
he
pardoned
them
all
.
The
French
king
during
the
siege
came
with
an
Army
hoping
to
raise
it
,
and
therefore
presented
battel
,
but
the
English
would
not
leave
their
trenches
,
whereupon
the
French
retreated
.
Charles
de
Blois
and
his
two
sonnes
were
prisoners
in
England
;
but
he
was
set
free
upon
the
earnest
request
of
his
cousin-german
the
Queen
of
England
.
The
same
year
died
king
Philip
of
France
,
who
left
two
sons
,
Iohn
his
successor
,
Charles
d'Espagne
is
made
Constable
,
whom
Charles
king
of
Navar
so
hated
,
that
he
caused
him
to
be
murthered
in
the
night
time
;
and
withall
,
gave
out
that
he
was
forced
to
do
it
in
his
own
defence
,
and
that
the
Constable
intended
to
murther
him
:
Upon
this
King
Charles
is
summoned
to
answer
in
person
to
his
accusers
,
which
he
refused
●…o
do
;
but
at
last
upon
better
advice
he
came
to
Paris
,
his
fact
was
pleaded
before
the
French
King
,
and
being
found
guilty
he
is
seised
upon
by
Iames
brother
to
the
Duke
of
Burbon
,
who
was
made
Constable
of
France
after
the
death
of
d'Espagne
,
and
delivered
to
the
Officers
,
who
were
to
carry
him
to
prison
;
but
by
the
intercession
of
three
Queens
,
to
wit
,
of
Iane
widow
to
Charles
the
Fair
,
this
King
of
Navars
Aunt
,
Blanch
the
Kings
mother-in-law
,
and
Iane
the
King
of
Navars
wife
,
and
the
French
kings
daughter
,
he
was
pardoned
;
but
yet
he
took
this
accusation
for
an
affront
,
and
therefore
carried
a
grudge
ever
after
to
his
father-in-law
,
who
when
he
was
raising
some
Taxes
on
his
Subjects
,
to
suppress
the
English
,
who
out
of
Bourdeaux
and
Calice
did
plunder
the
Countries
,
this
King
Charles
did
what
he
could
to
hinder
the
Taxes
,
which
notwithstanding
were
raised
,
though
with
some
difficulty
and
opposition
,
chiefly
of
Arras
,
which
was
quickly
quieted
.
King
Edward
understanding
that
an
Army
of
30000
French
was
raising
,
returnes
to
England
;
in
the
interim
King
Iohn
makes
his
eldest
son
the
Delphin
Duke
of
Normandy
,
whom
he
sends
thither
to
take
possession
,
where
he
is
met
at
Rouen
by
the
chief
Nobility
of
that
Countrey
,
and
by
the
king
of
Navar
,
as
being
Count
D'
Evreux
;
King
Iohn
hearing
of
Navars
being
there
,
makes
haste
to
Rouen
,
seiseth
upon
him
and
Iohn
de
Harcourt
,
who
was
of
Charles
his
counsel
,
for
which
his
head
was
there
presently
cut
off
,
and
King
Charles
sent
prisoner
to
Paris
:
Upon
this
the
Townes
of
Evreux
and
Harcourt
stood
out
against
king
Iohn
,
and
all
Normandy
ready
to
mutiny
.
King
Edward
being
advertised
of
this
opportunity
,
sends
the
Earl
of
Gloucester
thither
with
a
great
Army
,
with
whom
joyned
Philip
,
brother
to
Navarre
,
and
Geoffrey
Harcourt
Uncle
to
Iohn
who
was
beheaded
,
these
fall
to
taking
and
plundering
K.
Iohn
is
received
in
England
with
great
magnificence
;
in
the
mean
while
the
D.
of
Normandy
assembles
the
chief
men
of
France
at
Paris
,
out
of
which
fifty
Deputies
are
chosen
to
advise
how
the
King
should
be
set
free
:
there
it
was
proposed
,
that
the
King
of
Navar
should
be
set
at
liberty
;
that
six
of
the
Clergy
,
six
of
the
Nobility
,
and
six
of
the
third
estate
should
govern
the
young
Delphin
;
but
he
disliking
this
way
,
dissolved
the
Assembly
.
The
Parisians
murmure
for
raising
the
value
of
money
.
The
king
of
Navar
being
let
out
of
prison
by
some
of
his
own
faction
,
strives
to
raise
new
troubles
in
France
,
shewing
that
he
had
more
right
to
the
Crown
then
the
k.
of
England
,
which
made
k.
Edward
backward
in
aiding
the
Navarrois
.
David
k.
of
Scotland
,
who
had
been
taken
prisoner
,
was
ransomed
for
10000
Crowns
.
The
French
king
was
content
to
pay
his
ransome
,
but
not
to
part
with
the
right
of
his
Crown
.
The
Delphin
went
about
from
Town
to
Town
,
raising
all
the
money
he
could
for
his
fathers
ransome
.
Languidoc
and
the
Champerois
were
very
forward
,
even
the
women
to
part
with
their
rings
and
jewels
▪
but
the
Parisians
were
hindred
by
the
k.
of
Navar
,
who
in
all
things
opposed
himself
to
the
Delphin
,
who
was
in
danger
of
his
life
whilst
he
was
there
,
having
some
of
his
servants
killed
in
his
presence
.
The
k.
of
Navar
raised
great
Forces
in
Normandy
,
and
sent
for
10000
Navarrois
,
which
took
divers
small
Towns
;
the
Pesants
also
began
to
mutiny
and
to
take
up
Armes
against
the
Gentry
,
which
made
the
Delphin
leave
Paris
,
and
having
raised
an
Army
of
Gentlemen
,
defeated
the
Pesants
;
then
he
brings
30000
men
neer
to
Paris
to
curb
their
Factions
;
the
Provost-Marshal
who
stood
for
Navar
,
being
demanded
the
keyes
of
the
City-Gates
by
some
of
the
Delphins
friends
,
is
presently
slain
for
refusing
,
and
the
Gates
are
opened
for
the
Delphin
,
who
caused
two
chiefmen
of
the
Faction
to
be
hanged
,
and
then
prepares
to
suppress
the
k.
of
Navar.
The
Truce
between
France
and
England
being
ended
,
king
Edward
passeth
over
to
Calice
,
and
from
thence
to
Rhemes
,
a
hundred
thousand
Crowns
are
sent
him
to
forbear
spoiling
and
plundring
the
Countrey
;
thence
he
marcheth
to
Paris
,
and
offers
battel
to
the
Delphin
,
who
will
not
hazard
his
strength
,
therefore
king
Edward
burns
and
spoils
all
about
Paris
,
intending
to
ruine
all
,
or
to
bring
France
in
subjection
;
but
when
he
understood
the
difficulty
of
this
work
by
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
and
being
also
affrighted
with
Thunder
and
Lightning
,
which
killed
some
of
his
men
,
he
desisted
from
his
enterprise
,
desiring
pardon
from
God
for
what
he
had
already
done
;
so
now
a
final
peace
is
thought
upon
,
which
was
concluded
on
these
Articles
,
That
k.
Edward
and
his
son
should
quit
the
right
they
claimed
over
Anjou
,
Tourain
,
Mayne
,
and
Normandy
,
and
that
the
French
should
render
Guien
to
them
,
and
that
they
should
pay
three
millions
of
Crowns
to
the
English
,
and
so
the
Armies
to
be
disbanded
on
both
sides
;
which
being
performed
,
king
Iohn
returns
to
France
after
four
years
captivity
,
where
having
saluted
the
Pope
,
he
binds
himselfby
a
vow
to
make
an
Expedition
against
the
Infidels
,
but
first
he
means
to
settle
his
kingdome
,
and
having
occasion
to
go
into
England
about
some
weighty
Affairs
,
he
died
at
London
,
and
was
buried
at
S.
Dennis
.
Charles
the
fifth
son
to
king
Iohn
succeeded
:
he
made
his
chief
abode
at
Paris
,
committing
the
managing
of
the
war
to
his
brothers
,
and
other
Lieutenants
;
he
defeated
the
king
of
Navar
,
by
Bertrand
du
Guescon
a
valiant
Commander
.
King
Peter
of
Lusignan
came
from
the
East
into
France
,
solliciting
the
King
to
further
the
Holy-war
intended
by
king
Iohn
;
but
he
could
not
prevail
,
for
the
Souldiers
were
employed
in
the
Civil
wars
of
Brittany
:
at
last
peace
being
made
between
Iane
the
widow
of
Charles
de
Blois
,
who
was
slain
,
and
Mountfort
,
he
is
declared
Duke
of
Brittany
.
Peter
of
Castile
having
allied
himself
with
France
,
by
marrying
the
French
Queens
sister
,
daughter
to
the
Duke
of
Burbon
,
fell
off
from
the
French
,
and
sided
with
the
English
;
his
wife
he
slighted
and
abused
,
accusing
her
that
she
had
procured
of
a
Jew
that
was
a
sorcerer
,
an
inchanted
Girdle
,
to
bewitch
him
,
whereby
he
might
be
made
uncapable
to
govern
,
and
so
she
might
rule
;
shortly
after
she
died
;
he
in
the
mean
time
having
stript
Henry
his
Bastard-brother
of
all
his
Lands
left
him
by
his
father
,
drove
him
out
of
his
kingdome
,
and
then
makes
war
upon
the
king
of
Arragon
,
a
friend
to
France
.
The
Bastard
is
brought
back
by
Bertrand
du
Guesquin
,
and
crowned
,
having
chased
away
king
Peter
.
The
Prince
of
Wales
restores
Peter
to
his
kingdome
.
In
the
interim
the
king
of
Navar
is
surprised
,
as
he
was
shewing
the
way
to
the
English
Army
through
the
Spanish
countrey
,
and
brought
prisoner
to
the
king
of
Arragon
.
The
English
defeated
Guesquin
,
and
took
him
prisoner
,
then
drove
out
Henry
,
and
replaced
Peter
in
his
kingdome
.
Navar
having
given
his
son
for
Hostage
,
is
set
free
,
and
so
is
Guesquin
for
a
ransome
.
Henry
being
furnished
with
another
Army
from
France
,
returnes
into
Castile
,
where
finding
Peter
forsaken
by
the
English
for
want
of
their
pay
,
he
defeats
and
kills
him
,
and
then
made
himself
king
by
consent
of
the
whole
kingdome
.
The
Prince
of
Wales
being
necessitated
,
imposeth
heavier
Taxes
on
Guien
then
the
French
used
to
do
,
whereupon
they
complain
to
the
French
king
and
Parliament
at
Paris
,
who
would
not
seem
to
countenance
their
complaint
till
their
Hostages
were
returned
from
England
;
then
did
king
Charles
upon
reiterated
complaints
send
a
summons
to
the
Prince
at
Burdeaux
,
and
open
war
is
denounced
against
king
Edward
;
hereupon
divers
Townes
revolt
from
the
English
;
king
Edward
to
defend
Guien
,
sends
over
an
Army
to
Burdeaux
,
who
took
the
Dutchess
of
Burbon
,
the
French
Queens
Mother
,
with
divers
other
Dames
,
prisoners
,
and
let
them
not
go
without
great
ransomes
;
another
English
Army
lands
at
Calice
,
burning
and
wasting
all
before
them
;
they
took
and
burnt
Limoges
for
revolting
to
the
French
;
but
at
this
time
the
English
Army
had
no
great
success
at
Land
,
and
less
at
Sea
,
for
their
Fleet
of
five
and
thirty
saile
was
overthrown
by
the
French
and
Castilian
Navy
neer
Rochel
.
S.
Severe
is
taken
by
Guesquin
.
Poictou
and
Sainctonge
are
given
to
the
Duke
de
Berry
▪
Rochel
is
surrendred
to
the
French
,
and
a
part
of
the
English
Army
under
Capral
de
Bus
is
defeated
.
The
D.
of
Britany
,
k.
Edwards
son-in-law
,
strives
to
draw
the
Britains
to
the
English
side
,
but
is
resisted
by
some
great
Lords
,
which
made
Robert
Canol
an
Englishman
Governour
of
Britany
,
whom
the
French
besiege
in
the
Castle
of
Brest
,
and
his
cousin
Hugh
in
Derval
;
these
both
accorded
to
surrender
their
Forts
,
if
they
had
not
succors
from
England
within
two
moneths
,
and
so
Hostages
are
given
;
in
this
mean
time
supplies
come
from
England
,
which
would
not
land
,
though
invited
by
the
French
,
but
stayed
on
ship-board
till
the
two
months
were
expired
,
&
then
Canol
received
the
English
Army
into
Brest
;
the
Fench
threaten
to
kill
their
hostages
;
Canol
replies
,
that
then
he
would
kil
all
the
French
prisoners
in
Britany
.
The
English
Embassadors
complain
to
the
Pope
,
of
the
wrongs
done
them
by
the
French
,
in
breaking
the
peace
,
and
falsifying
their
Oaths
;
the
French
defend
themselves
,
clearing
both
King
Charles
and
his
father
from
perjury
;
the
Pope
would
not
take
notice
of
their
differences
,
but
was
content
to
hearken
to
the
French
touching
the
affairs
of
Flanders
;
for
king
Edward
desirous
to
marry
one
of
his
sons
to
the
Earle
of
Flanders
onely
daughter
,
sent
to
the
Pope
for
a
dispensation
,
which
was
denyed
,
because
it
would
cause
perpetuall
warre
between
France
and
England
;
for
Flanders
had
thitherto
been
a
dependant
of
France
;
so
this
Match
being
broken
,
Philip
le
Hardy
Duke
of
Burgundy
married
the
Lady
,
whom
if
the
French
King
had
married
,
the
addition
of
Flanders
would
have
been
a
great
strength
to
France
.
After
this
the
King
of
Navar
made
his
peace
with
France
,
who
shortly
after
by
some
assasinates
(
who
were
put
to
death
for
this
villany
)
intended
to
have
poisoned
the
French
King.
Navars
wife
dieth
about
this
time
,
and
he
is
declared
enemy
to
France
,
from
whom
they
take
the
City
Evreux
.
Shortly
after
died
Prince
Edward
of
Wales
,
and
the
year
following
King
Edward
his
father
.
k.
Charles
remembring
the
insolencies
that
were
acted
in
Paris
during
his
minority
and
his
fathers
imprisonment
,
ordained
that
after
the
kings
death
his
eldest
son
should
immediately
succeed
,
and
that
he
should
be
crowned
at
the
age
of
Philip
le
Hardy
on
the
other
took
all
from
them
round
about
Calice
,
so
that
he
hem'd
them
in
from
making
excursions
.
For
maintenance
of
the
war
,
subsidies
are
laid
upon
salt
and
wine
;
all
Eritany
except
Brest
is
now
under
the
French
:
hereupon
Ambassadors
are
sent
from
England
to
the
German
Princes
,
complaining
of
the
wrongs
done
by
France
;
the
French
Ambassadors
on
the
other
side
defend
themselves
,
and
complain
of
the
wrongs
they
sustained
from
the
English
,
chiefly
that
they
exacted
more
for
the
ransom
ofk.
Iohn
then
the
Egyptians
did
for
S.
Lewis
,
and
withall
they
desire
the
German
Princes
to
renew
their
alliance
with
France
,
which
was
urged
also
by
Charles
the
Emperour
,
Uncle
to
the
French
king
,
and
by
Wenceslaus
his
son
;
who
to
make
an
agreement
between
the
two
kingdomes
went
themselves
into
France
,
where
they
were
magnificently
received
in
all
places
where
they
came
,
chiefly
at
Paris
,
where
great
joy
and
pomp
was
shewed
,
and
all
prison
doors
let
open
;
but
these
joyes
and
the
Treaty
of
peace
were
crossed
by
the
Queens
death
and
one
of
her
daughters
.
After
this
,
the
Emperors
,
French
and
English
Embassadors
,
with
the
Archbish.
of
Ravenna
the
Popes
Legat
met
at
Gaunt
,
to
advise
about
the
same
peace
;
but
this
meeting
was
also
dissolved
by
the
schisme
of
the
Church
,
which
lasted
30
years
;
for
Pope
Gregory
who
removed
his
seat
from
Avenien
to
Rome
,
being
dead
,
great
debate
arose
between
the
Italian
and
French
Cardinals
about
the
election
of
his
successor
,
as
we
have
already
shewed
,
Urban
the
6.
being
chosen
by
the
one
,
and
Clement
by
the
other
,
who
held
his
residence
at
Avenion
.
About
this
time
D.
Thomas
,
uncle
to
k.
Richard
of
England
,
went
over
to
Calice
with
8000
English
,
who
from
thence
passed
into
Brittany
to
assist
the
Duke
in
Flanders
.
The
Gantois
complain
against
their
Earl
for
raising
new
Taxes
upon
their
Merchandises
,
for
infringing
their
liberties
,
and
too
much
favouring
of
Bruges
who
cut
a
channel
for
the
river
Lis
to
flow
through
their
Lands
:
this
occasioned
a
war
;
for
the
Gantois
taking
Armes
and
white
Caps
,
were
met
with
by
the
Earl
and
his
Army
,
who
upon
their
Petition
promised
to
take
off
their
Taxes
,
and
to
maintain
their
ancient
priviledges
;
and
so
they
laid
down
their
,
Armes
and
white
Caps
;
but
Iohn
Leon
their
Captain
disswaded
them
from
laying
down
their
Caps
,
the
badges
of
their
liberty
,
whereupon
they
took
up
their
Armes
and
Caps
again
,
and
killed
the
Earls
Governour
of
Gaunt
;
this
was
done
by
the
meaner
sort
,
but
the
richer
and
wiser
chose
12.
men
whom
they
sent
to
the
Earl
at
Bruges
,
who
faling
at
his
feet
beseech
him
to
take
pity
on
their
Town
,
like
to
be
ruined
by
factious
people
:
Iohn
Leon
hearing
of
this
,
and
that
his
case
was
desperate
,
if
he
should
be
seised
on
by
the
Earl
,
assembleth
his
white-Caps
together
,
and
falls
upon
the
Earls
Palace
full
of
wealth
in
the
Suburbs
of
Gaunt
,
which
they
pillage
and
set
on
fire
;
the
Earl
highly
displeased
at
this
,
resolves
to
raise
an
Army
,
and
for
that
cause
goeth
to
Terremond
:
Leon
in
his
absence
marcheth
with
his
white-caps
to
Bruges
,
to
whom
the
faint-hearted
Towns-men
surrender
themselves
,
and
opened
their
Gates
;
thence
he
marcheth
to
Dam
,
where
he
is
received
,
and
shortly
after
,
as
its
thought
,
was
poisoned
:
notwithstanding
the
death
of
their
Captain
,
the
White-caps
labouring
to
draw
all
the
Flemings
to
their
side
,
went
and
besieged
Hypre
,
where
the
Earle
had
some
Companies
of
Foot
,
and
Troops
of
Horse
,
which
defended
the
Town
a
while
,
at
last
were
forced
by
the
Towns-men
to
yield
,
but
Audenard
held
out
against
them
.
D.
Philip
of
Burgundy
fearing
his
own
loss
in
these
troubles
of
Flanders
,
if
his
father-in-law
should
be
worsted
by
his
people
,
goeth
to
his
brother
the
French
K.
of
whom
he
obtains
leave
to
mediate
a
peace
between
the
Earle
and
his
people
,
for
this
cause
he
goeth
to
Tournay
,
whence
he
sends
to
the
White-Caps
to
lay
down
Arms
,
and
then
he
would
procure
them
a
general
pardon
and
act
of
oblivion
,
conditionally
they
would
rebuild
the
Earles
Palace
at
Gaunt
;
so
Arms
were
laid
down
on
both
sides
,
and
the
Earle
received
with
great
joy
into
Gaunt
.
In
the
mean
while
,
Oliver
,
Cousin-german
to
Roger
governour
of
Gaunt
,
who
was
killed
,
in
revenge
of
his
brothers
death
,
took
forty
vessels
of
provisions
going
for
Gaunt
,
which
caused
a
war
between
the
Gentry
and
commons
of
Flanders
;
the
like
commotion
was
beginning
in
France
,
for
those
of
Montpellier
killed
the
Kings
receivers
and
collectors
of
Subsidies
,
and
were
taking
up
Arms
,
but
the
Duke
of
Anjou
quickly
suppressed
them
,
and
hanged
up
the
chief
mutiners
,
and
laid
a
great
fine
upon
the
Town
:
then
was
Duke
de
Berry
,
the
Kings
brother
removed
from
the
government
of
Languedoc
,
and
Count
de
Foix
(
to
please
the
people
)
put
in
his
place
.
This
year
died
King
Charles
,
having
left
three
children
,
Charles
,
Lewis
,
and
Catherine
;
Duke
d'
Anjou
is
made
Protector
,
the
young
King
being
as
yet
but
thirteen
years
old
;
CHAP.
X.
A
prosecution
of
the
French
History
from
the
year
1380.
till
1407.
In
which
are
interlaced
divers
passages
of
Italy
,
Flanders
,
Navarre
,
Afric
,
Britany
,
England
,
Scotland
,
Spain
and
Hungary
.
CHarles
the
sixth
is
confirmed
in
his
Kindome
by
the
Peers
assembled
at
Paris
;
so
are
the
Dukes
of
Burgundy
,
the
Kings
uncle
by
the
father
,
and
of
Burbon
by
the
mother
,
established
governours
to
the
children
.
That
day
the
King
was
crowned
at
Rhemes
,
being
to
dine
(
as
the
custome
was
)
at
the
Archbishops
house
,
a
contestation
arose
between
Duke
Anjou
and
Burgundy
about
precedency
;
Anjou
claiming
it
as
governour
of
the
Kingdome
,
but
Burgundy
in
respect
of
his
Dutchy
,
and
being
Dean
of
the
Peers
of
France
.
The
King
,
to
avoid
further
disturbance
of
that
solemnity
,
ordered
that
Burgundy
for
that
time
should
sit
next
the
King
;
wherefore
Anjou
being
set
down
first
,
Burgundy
thrusts
himself
between
him
and
the
King.
At
this
time
the
English
had
laid
siege
to
Nantes
in
Britany
,
but
having
lost
before
it
some
prime
Commanders
upon
the
sallying
out
of
the
Garrison
,
they
raised
the
siege
:
the
Britons
being
wearied
with
war
,
desire
their
Duke
to
make
his
peace
with
the
French
King
,
or
else
they
would
forsake
him
;
whereupon
he
was
forced
to
send
Ambassadours
to
beg
for
peace
,
which
he
obtained
,
and
swore
fealty
to
the
King
,
but
would
not
acknowledge
Pope
Clement
;
so
the
English
return
home
.
Anjou
the
Regent
of
France
did
much
favour
Pope
Clement
,
because
he
promised
to
give
him
the
Kingdome
of
Sicily
,
which
depended
on
the
Church
;
for
his
adversary
Pope
Urban
had
sent
for
the
Hungarian
to
selfe
on
that
Kingdome
,
and
to
revenge
the
death
of
his
brother
Andrew
,
murthered
by
his
wife
Queen
Iane
:
but
Pope
Clement
who
had
received
Avenion
from
her
,
was
willing
to
support
her
cause
,
therefore
adviseth
her
to
make
Duke
d'
Anjou
her
son
and
heir
,
which
she
did
:
he
to
raise
an
Army
,
got
the
King
to
grant
him
Subsidies
,
which
did
much
vex
the
people
,
so
that
at
Paris
they
mutiny
,
yet
are
appeased
by
good
words
;
but
finding
no
deeds
,
they
fall
upon
the
Iews
,
whom
they
plunder
;
and
then
upon
the
Kings
collectors
and
receivers
of
his
rents
,
whom
they
rob
of
all
their
monies
,
and
burn
their
books
of
accounts
:
by
this
example
,
other
Towns
deny
to
pay
more
Taxes
.
Languedoc
refuseth
to
receive
the
Duke
of
Kerry
for
their
governour
,
and
caused
Count
de
Foix
to
raise
an
Army
against
him
,
which
defeated
some
of
the
Dukes
companies
,
after
which
he
adviseth
them
to
submit
to
him
for
avoiding
further
troubles
,
which
they
did
the
more
willingly
,
because
he
was
the
Kings
uncle
.
Pope
Clement
to
strengthen
Anjou's
cause
in
Sicily
,
imposeth
a
tenth
upon
the
French
Clergy
,
at
which
they
storm
,
protesting
both
against
him
and
his
Cardinals
,
chiefly
the
Sorbon
:
Iohn
Gerson
declaimed
in
the
University
of
Paris
against
this
Popes
proceedings
,
which
so
angred
Anjou
,
that
he
sent
to
apprehend
Gerson
,
but
the
Schollers
rescued
him
,
upon
this
he
retires
to
Rome
,
where
he
is
entertained
by
Pope
Urban
;
a
trap
was
also
laid
to
apprehend
the
Rector
of
the
University
,
but
he
escaped
;
the
Schollers
grew
so
discontent
,
that
multitudes
of
them
forsook
that
University
.
Divers
Ambassadours
came
to
Paris
complaining
against
Clement
for
upholding
a
schisme
to
the
great
hurt
of
Christianity
,
seeing
Urbans
election
was
generally
approved
a
more
lawful
then
that
of
Clement
:
Anjou
stood
up
,
and
maintained
that
Urbans
election
was
▪
forced
by
the
Romans
,
whereas
that
of
Clement
was
peaceable
.
In
the
mean
time
,
Charles
whom
the
King
of
Hungary
had
sent
with
an
Army
into
Italy
against
the
Venetians
,
having
made
peace
with
them
,
goeth
to
Rome
,
where
he
is
by
Urban
crowned
King
of
Sicily
;
this
Charles
was
descended
from
Charles
the
Lame
,
and
Mary
his
wife
Queen
of
Hungary
:
he
without
great
opposition
,
obtained
Sicily
and
Naples
,
took
Queen
Iane
and
Duke
of
Brunswick
her
husband
prisoners
.
Anjou
in
the
interim
tries
all
means
possible
to
raise
money
,
and
imposeth
in
the
Kings
name
a
gabel
upon
the
twentieth
part
of
Merchants
goods
,
which
is
generally
refused
:
At
last
,
as
he
was
endeavouring
by
other
means
to
raise
money
,
a
dangerous
mutiny
arose
in
Paris
;
some
of
the
collectours
are
killed
,
the
City
Magazine
broke
open
,
and
the
people
having
armed
themselves
,
they
chain
all
the
streets
,
open
the
prison
doors
;
and
let
loose
all
the
prisoners
:
The
Bishop
being
fled
,
they
broke
open
his
prisons
▪
and
let
out
one
Aubri●…t
whom
they
make
their
Commander
;
he
had
been
Provost
of
Paris
,
and
done
much
good
in
repairing
and
building
some
publike
places
;
but
being
accused
of
heresie
,
he
was
imprisoned
by
the
Bishop
:
being
now
delivered
unexpectly
,
he
promised
the
people
that
if
they
would
return
to
their
houses
,
he
would
the
next
day
be
ready
to
serve
them
;
but
knowing
what
danger
there
was
in
being
Captain
to
a
mutinous
people
,
he
stole
away
that
night
out
of
Paris
:
the
like
mutiny
there
was
at
Rouen
,
where
the
people
made
one
Gras
their
King
,
commanding
him
to
abolish
all
taxes
and
impositions
whatsoever
.
The
Parisians
seeing
that
Aubriot
was
gone
,
were
advised
by
Iohn
des
Marais
,
to
send
him
with
some
others
that
were
not
criminals
to
the
King
to
beg
for
pardon
,
which
was
assented
to
,
and
pardon
granted
conditionally
that
they
paid
sixty
thousand
Crowns
,
and
that
the
authours
of
this
sedition
be
put
to
death
;
Marais
returns
with
this
answer
to
Paris
,
onely
he
concealed
the
putting
to
death
the
incendiaries
,
some
of
which
he
caused
in
the
night
to
be
●…lung
into
the
River
,
which
made
a
new
mutiny
:
hereupon
the
corporal
punishment
is
put
off
,
and
the
King
is
content
with
the
sixty
thousand
Crowns
.
In
this
mean
while
Duke
d'
Anjou
is
crowned
at
Avenion
by
Pope
Clement
,
King
of
Sicily
and
Ierusalem
;
then
he
goeth
about
the
Towns
of
Province
,
desiring
them
to
acknowledge
him
for
their
Lord
,
shewing
that
he
was
the
adopted
heir
of
Queen
Iane
,
their
lawful
Countess
;
but
when
he
saw
them
unwilling
;
he
forced
them
,
then
marcheth
into
Italy
with
thirty
thousand
horse
,
not
against
Pope
Urban
,
left
the
Country
should
rise
,
but
against
King
Charles
at
Naples
,
who
forbore
fighting
with
Anjou
,
purposely
to
weary
his
Army
by
delayes
:
in
the
mean
while
Anjou
dieth
,
some
say
by
poyson
,
so
his
Army
without
fighting
returns
with
his
corps
to
France
.
King
Charles
reigned
four
years
at
Naples
;
in
the
interim
King
Lewis
of
Hungary
dieth
:
the
Peers
of
that
kingdome
call
home
King
Charles
,
notwithstanding
Sigismond
the
Emperours
son
had
married
King
Lewis
his
eldest
daughter
:
King
Charles
having
left
at
Naples
his
wife
and
two
sons
,
hastes
to
Hungary
,
where
he
is
crowned
,
and
shortly
after
murthered
in
the
house
of
the
Queen
,
widow
of
Hungary
,
who
stormed
that
her
daughter
should
be
deprived
of
her
inheritance
:
upon
this
Sigismund
is
crowned
in
Hungary
,
and
Ladislaus
the
son
of
King
Charles
at
Naples
.
About
this
time
a
new
war
began
in
Flanders
,
upon
the
taking
of
the
forty
ships
of
Gaunt
by
Oliver
Cousin
to
Roger
who
was
killed
:
One
Iohn
Pruneau
gave
out
,
that
Oliver
durst
not
seise
on
these
ships
without
the
Earles
command
,
therefore
assembleth
the
White-Caps
,
and
marcheth
to
Audenard
,
and
suddenly
surpriseth
it
;
the
Earle
hearing
of
this
at
Lisle
,
complains
to
the
Gantois
,
that
they
had
broken
the
peace
made
by
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
;
they
answer
,
that
he
broke
it
first
,
by
suffering
Oliver
to
take
their
ships
without
reproof
or
punishment
:
the
Earle
willing
to
recover
Audenarde
,
and
to
live
quietly
,
agrees
with
the
Gantois
,
that
he
would
banish
Oliver
,
conditionally
that
they
banished
Pruneau
,
which
was
done
,
and
Audenarde
restored
again
to
the
Earle
,
who
presently
sent
to
rebuild
the
demolished
walls
,
and
placed
a
strong
Garrison
in
it
:
after
this
Pruneau
is
apprehended
by
the
Earls
Cousin
the
Duke
of
Brabant
,
whom
he
sends
to
Lisle
in
chains
,
where
he
is
beheaded
and
his
body
broken
on
the
wheel
;
the
like
end
had
divers
others
of
Bruges
,
and
elsewhere
,
who
had
animated
the
White-Caps
:
the
Gantois
fearing
their
turn
would
be
next
in
these
punishments
,
conspire
unanimously
against
their
Earle
in
desence
of
their
lives
and
liberties
;
and
to
make
sure
work
,
they
demolish
the
houses
of
the
Gentry
who
favoured
the
Earle
,
they
alter
the
form
of
government
,
and
make
new
offices
both
for
Civil
and
Military
affairs
;
a
war
began
,
which
lasted
seven
years
,
in
which
died
above
two
hundred
thousand
men
.
The
Gantois
understanding
that
the
Earl
was
about
to
besiege
Hypre
which
held
with
them
,
sent
three
thousand
men
thither
,
and
withal
nine
thousand
were
armed
to
fall
upon
the
rear
of
the
Earls
Army
,
who
was
on
his
march
with
twenty
thousand
against
Hypre
,
whilst
they
within
should
sally
out
upon
the
Vantguard
:
but
the
Earle
having
laid
many
Ambuscadoes
,
defeated
the
Hypreans
,
of
whom
two
thousand
and
foure
hundred
were
slain
,
the
rest
fled
,
and
so
both
Hypre
and
Courtray
,
are
surrendred
to
him
,
who
put
to
death
seven
hundred
of
the
chief
criminals
in
Hypre
,
and
took
two
hundred
hostages
of
Courtray
:
then
he
went
to
besiege
Gaunt
,
which
he
could
not
so
inclose
,
but
two
gates
were
free
to
receive
supplies
from
Liege
and
Bruxels
:
the
Gantois
being
no
whit
dismayed
at
the
Earles
strength
,
send
out
a
party
by
one
of
their
gates
which
was
not
besieged
,
and
went
immediately
to
Terremunde
which
they
took
,
this
made
the
Earl
raise
his
siege
:
but
the
Gantois
shortly
after
received
some
losse
,
for
two
Captains
with
their
forces
marched
out
upon
some
design
,
one
of
them
was
assaulted
and
defeated
by
the
Earl
,
so
that
six
thousand
Gantois
were
partly
slain
,
and
partly
burned
in
a
Church
,
whither
they
fled
;
the
other
Captain
not
being
able
to
help
these
by
reason
of
the
marish
ground
between
them
.
Hereupon
the
Gantois
chose
one
General
who
should
have
absolute
power
,
his
name
was
Philip
Artenel
,
because
many
Generals
did
oftentimes
crosse
one
another
;
this
Philip
by
the
mediation
of
the
Bishop
of
Liege
,
the
Duke
of
Brabant
,
and
Albert
Count
of
Henault
,
endeavoured
to
make
peace
between
the
Earle
and
his
subjects
:
Philip
proffered
to
the
Earle
at
Tournay
,
where
the
Assembly
was
kept
,
full
power
over
the
bodies
and
estates
of
his
subjects
to
banish
and
fine
whom
he
pleased
,
so
that
he
would
spare
their
lives
;
the
Earl
would
not
have
his
power
confined
,
but
would
have
all
,
both
men
and
women
above
fifteen
years
of
age
,
to
come
out
of
Gaunt
onely
with
one
garment
apeece
,
and
ropes
about
their
necks
,
to
be
disposed
as
he
pleased
:
Artenel
acquaints
the
Citizens
,
that
either
they
must
suffer
their
throats
to
be
cut
,
or
else
take
up
Arms
to
defend
their
liberties
;
for
his
part
he
was
resolved
to
die
in
maintenance
of
their
cause
;
whereupon
they
all
agreed
to
take
Arms
:
with
this
he
chuseth
out
of
the
white
Caps
five
thousand
of
the
stoutest
and
strongest
,
with
these
he
marcheth
toward
Bruges
;
they
that
remained
were
resolved
,
that
if
these
five
thousand
were
cut
off
,
they
would
burn
themselves
and
City
,
rather
then
yeeld
to
slavery
:
the
Earl
at
Bruges
understanding
of
Artenels
marching
thither
,
slighting
his
small
number
,
met
him
in
a
place
disadvantagious
to
him
,
with
his
Army
,
which
was
defeated
and
driven
back
into
the
Town
,
whither
the
Gantois
entered
pel mel
with
their
enemies
:
Artenel
makes
diligent
search
for
the
Earl
,
whom
he
meant
to
have
used
with
all
respect
,
and
to
have
brought
him
to
Gaunt
with
all
possible
honour
,
to
induce
him
to
shew
mercy
to
his
subjects
;
but
the
Earl
hid
himself
in
a
poor
house
,
and
thence
escaped
to
Lisle
:
Artenel
gave
charge
that
no
hurt
should
be
done
to
any
strangers
within
Bruges
,
because
he
would
not
provoke
forreigne
Princes
against
him
.
After
this
he
pillaged
Hypre
,
and
seised
on
the
Earls
treasure
,
and
divers
Towns
yeelded
to
him
;
its
thought
that
now
he
had
above
a
hundred
thousand
men
in
Arms
,
so
that
the
Earl
was
forced
to
implore
help
from
the
French
King
,
and
acknowledgeth
himself
to
be
his
vassal
;
the
French
were
not
unwilling
to
assist
him
(
though
he
had
hitherto
befriended
the
English
)
because
the
Flemings
made
excursions
upon
the
French
borders
;
order
therefore
is
given
for
taking
out
the
sacred
Standard
,
called
the
Auriflamme
:
this
was
of
red
silke
interwoven
with
flames
,
it
was
of
old
sent
from
Heaven
to
King
Clouis
,
to
be
carried
in
the
wars
against
Infidels
:
this
Standard
was
not
to
be
used
but
in
great
necessity
,
and
to
be
carried
by
some
holy
Knight
,
but
afterward
it
was
brought
out
upon
all
occasions
,
and
therefore
at
last
in
a
battel
against
the
Flemings
,
it
was
lost
,
none
knowing
what
became
of
it
.
This
Standard
being
received
by
the
King
with
great
devotion
from
the
Abbot
,
he
gave
it
to
one
Peter
Villiers
to
be
carried
;
then
having
placed
the
reliques
of
the
Martyrs
on
the
Altar
,
he
begins
his
march
with
a
gallant
Army
through
Artois
.
The
Flemings
hearing
of
the
French
march
,
brake
down
presently
all
their
bridges
upon
the
River
Lis
,
except
one
which
they
strongly
fortified
:
the
King
sends
the
Constable
Clisson
with
the
Vantguard
to
gain
the
bridge
,
the
Flemings
being
hardly
pressed
,
were
forced
to
break
down
this
also
;
in
the
interim
whilst
they
were
skirmishing
,
a
party
of
French
in
boats
get
over
the
River
who
charged
the
enemy
in
the
Rear
,
whom
they
utterly
defeated
,
and
killed
three
thousand
on
the
place
;
so
the
bridge
was
gained
and
repaired
,
and
the
whole
Army
got
over
.
Artenel
upon
this
,
leaving
a
party
to
continue
the
siege
of
Audenarde
,
marcheth
with
sixty
thousand
against
the
French
,
and
fights
them
;
the
fog
was
so
thick
that
morning
that
scarce
could
any
perfectly
discern
their
next
neighbours
,
till
the
Auriflamme
was
displayed
,
and
then
(
if
you
will
believe
)
the
mist
vanished
:
The
French
Army
is
divided
into
three
battalions
;
that
of
the
Kings
is
charged
by
the
Flemings
,
hoping
to
take
him
prisoner
,
as
the
English
did
King
Iohn
;
but
the
other
two
battalions
falling
on
the
Flanks
of
the
Flemings
,
did
so
presse
them
that
their
ranks
were
disordered
,
who
both
hindred
and
hurt
one
another
,
and
so
at
last
they
are
totally
routed
by
the
French
;
thirty
thousand
were
killed
on
the
place
,
and
ten
thousand
in
the
pursuit
;
the
body
of
Artenel
was
found
yet
breathing
,
who
refused
to
have
his
wounds
dressed
,
not
desiring
to
live
after
the
losse
of
his
Fellow-citizens
,
so
presently
died
,
and
his
body
was
hanged
on
a
Gibbet
.
The
report
of
this
defeat
caused
the
siege
before
Audenarde
to
rise
in
haste
;
then
Dam
,
Bruges
,
and
other
Towns
yeelded
to
their
Earl
;
but
the
French
burned
Countray
,
because
they
found
in
their
great
Church
the
golden
Spurs
of
the
French
Gentry
that
were
killed
in
that
place
eighty
years
before
:
There
were
also
found
some
Letters
written
from
the
mutiners
of
Paris
to
the
White-Caps
,
which
hastened
the
Kings
return
thither
;
by
the
way
he
stopped
at
St.
Dennis
,
to
give
thanks
to
God
and
the
Martyrs
for
his
victory
,
and
then
restored
the
Auriflamme
to
the
Abbot
;
thence
he
marched
through
Paris
with
his
Army
,
without
taking
notice
of
the
Provost
and
Sheriffs
that
met
him
;
having
at
last
sung
Te
Deum
,
in
Nostre
Dame
,
he
caused
the
Townsmen
to
assemble
in
one
place
,
whom
he
environeth
with
his
Army
;
then
did
the
Chancellor
upbraid
them
with
their
rebellions
,
and
the
King
threatned
to
cut
them
all
off
,
but
his
Uncles
being
there
begged
their
pardons
;
the
Townesmen
on
their
knees
cried
for
mercy
,
which
they
obtained
,
onely
a
fine
was
put
upon
them
,
and
three
hundred
of
the
chief
incendiaries
were
beheaded
;
the
chains
of
the
streets
were
carried
into
the
Loure
,
and
the
King
ordered
that
henceforth
they
should
have
no
more
Provost
nor
Sheriffs
:
but
five
years
after
,
their
priviledges
were
restored
,
with
a
Provost
and
Sheriffs
.
Shortly
after
this
,
the
Gantois
and
English
,
who
held
for
Pope
Urban
,
enter
into
a
league
against
France
,
and
Pope
Clement
:
Urban
had
granted
to
the
King
of
England
the
tithes
of
the
benefices
within
his
kingdome
,
towards
this
war
;
eight
hundred
English
horse
,
and
ten
thousand
foot
are
transported
into
Flanders
,
who
made
war
with
divers
parts
of
Flanders
,
and
yet
pretended
they
came
to
assist
the
Gantois
;
complaint
is
made
against
them
,
but
no
redresses
:
having
taken
Bourburg
and
Gravelin
,
they
sit
down
before
Hypre
;
but
hearing
the
French
Army
was
comming
,
set
the
Suburbs
on
fire
,
and
went
their
way
towards
Cassel
,
but
could
not
stay
to
besiege
it
,
because
the
Constable
of
France
was
drawing
towards
them
with
his
Army
,
who
pursues
them
to
Gravelin
,
and
thence
to
Bourbourg
,
where
they
are
besieged
,
and
forced
to
surrender
,
having
leave
to
depart
wi●…h
their
baggage
.
At
which
time
Lewis
Earl
of
Flanders
died
at
St.
Omer
,
and
is
buried
in
Lisle
;
his
daughter
Margaret
,
wife
to
Philip
le
Hardy
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
is
his
sole
heir
,
by
which
means
Philip
is
now
Lord
of
all
Flanders
,
except
Gaunt
,
which
would
not
yet
submit
.
Shortly
after
Dam
is
surprised
by
one
Arteman
a
Captain
of
the
Gantois
,
whilst
the
governour
was
gone
to
the
Court.
About
Limosin
also
and
Poictou
there
was
a
great
insurrection
of
malecontents
under
one
Peter
Bruiers
their
Captain
;
these
did
much
mischief
till
the
Duke
de
Berry
suppressed
them
in
a
battel
,
and
hanged
the
chief
incendiaries
.
The
French
King
having
an
intention
a
long
time
to
invade
England
,
prepared
a
great
Fleet
at
the
Sluce
,
which
Arteman
the
Gantois
Captain
resolved
to
burn
,
but
the
plot
was
discovered
,
divers
of
the
plotters
were
imprisoned
and
escaped
,
s●…me
were
hanged
.
Then
the
French
besieged
Dam
a
whole
month
;
at
last
Arteman
within
not
able
to
hold
out
longer
,
got
away
with
his
forces
in
the
night
,
the
next
morning
the
French
enter
,
and
having
plundered
the
Town
,
utterly
destroy
it
;
then
they
fall
upon
Zealand
with
a
Fleet
,
which
they
pillage
for
aiding
Gaunt
,
so
that
they
were
forced
to
beg
pardon
and
peace
from
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
which
was
granted
them
.
From
the
Sluce
,
where
the
French
had
built
a
Castle
to
guard
the
harbor
,
the
King
sends
Iohn
de
Vienne
his
Admiral
with
sixty
great
ships
,
to
help
the
king
of
Scots
against
the
English
;
this
Fleet
,
with
the
Scots
forces
,
burnt
and
spoiled
many
places
in
England
;
but
upon
a
falling
out
between
the
French
and
Scots
,
the
Admiral
returned
home
,
and
told
the
King
that
he
durst
not
stay
long
in
Scotland
,
because
the
people
banded
against
him
,
and
that
England
was
in
a
good
condition
to
be
conquered
,
because
the
D.
of
Lancaster
,
son
in
law
to
Peter
k.
of
Castile
(
who
was
killed
by
his
bastard
brother
Henry
)
was
gone
into
Spain
with
the
best
souldiers
,
to
settle
his
wife
in
Castile
:
for
,
saith
he
,
The
English
can
easily
be
conquered
at
home
,
but
hardly
abroad
:
upon
this
the
French
king
,
with
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
prepare
twelve
hundred
sail
to
invade
England
;
but
Duke
de
Berry
the
kings
other
uncle
was
against
this
expedition
,
and
disswaded
the
king
from
venturing
his
person
,
wealth
,
and
Nobility
,
upon
uncertain
success
,
besides
that
the
English
were
all
in
Arms
to
resist
his
landing
;
upon
this
the
voyage
is
put
off
,
and
the
great
Fleet
dispersed
without
action
.
The
next
year
Lewis
Duke
Tourain
the
Kings
brother
,
married
with
Valentine
daughter
to
Iohn
Galeacius
Duke
of
Millan
;
and
shortly
after
the
King
went
to
〈◊〉
Clement
at
Avenion
,
where
Lewis
of
Anjou
(
son
to
that
Lewis
who
died
Naples
.
Languedoc
complains
to
the
King
against
Duke
de
Berry's
exactions
,
therefore
Count
de
Foix
is
made
their
governor
,
who
married
the
King
of
Navars
sister
,
whom
he
slighted
,
because
her
brother
owed
him
a
great
sum
of
money
,
which
either
he
would
not
,
or
could
not
pay
,
therefore
sent
her
with
her
son
to
him
back
again
,
because
she
took
it
ill
that
her
husband
should
prefer
his
bastard
son
to
his
legitimate
son
by
her
;
when
she
came
to
Navar
,
and
had
acquainted
her
brother
of
her
husbands
bad
conditions
,
he
gives
her
son
a
bag
of
powder
,
which
he
wished
him
to
bestow
on
his
father
,
and
that
he
would
mix
it
with
wine
,
for
it
would
procure
his
love
to
his
wife
again
:
the
young
man
simply
carried
the
powder
to
his
father
,
who
finding
it
to
be
poyson
,
caused
him
to
be
put
to
death
in
a
prison
.
This
King
of
Navar
was
also
extreamly
hated
of
his
people
whom
he
impoverished
with
continual
exactions
;
hereupon
he
is
one
night
burned
in
his
bed
,
some
say
by
accident
,
some
say
purposely
;
for
being
feeble
with
age
and
letchery
,
his
body
was
anointed
with
certain
unguents
,
and
wrapt
in
a
linnen
cloth
d●…t
in
Aqua
vitae
,
which
presently
took
fire
by
a
candle
that
was
in
the
hand
of
one
of
his
servants
then
by
his
bed
,
and
so
he
was
burnt
,
and
within
two
dayes
died
:
Count
Armignac
also
died
about
this
time
as
he
was
on
his
journey
from
Italy
,
with
an
Army
of
French
sent
to
help
the
Florentines
,
who
were
like
to
be
suppressed
by
the
Millanois
.
After
the
two
Kings
of
France
and
England
had
made
peace
,
and
disbanded
their
Armies
;
many
French
souldiers
who
could
not
live
but
by
the
sword
,
assembled
together
,
and
made
to
themselves
Commanders
,
then
in
companies
dispersed
themselves
into
divers
Countries
,
forcing
the
Inhabitants
by
paying
contributions
to
buy
their
peace
of
them
.
Count
Armignac
having
raised
a
great
sum
of
money
,
procures
fifteen
thousand
horse
and
ten
thousand
foot
of
the
Bandito's
to
accompany
him
into
Piemont
against
the
Millanois
:
Iames
Verme
the
Duke
of
Millans
General
,
shut
himself
up
in
Alexandria
,
not
finding
it
time
yet
to
fight
this
fresh
enemy
;
who
perceiving
he
would
not
fight
,
falls
to
plundering
,
and
so
being
laden
with
store
of
wealth
were
marching
away
securely
:
Verme
being
advertised
of
this
,
chargeth
them
in
the
Rear
unexpectedly
,
kills
six
thousand
,
and
puts
the
rest
to
flight
,
Armignac
is
taken
prisoner
,
and
died
presently
after
of
his
wounds
;
so
France
was
quieted
by
the
defeat
of
these
unruly
souldiers
,
yet
some
of
them
returning
made
new
troubles
,
till
they
were
all
surprised
and
hanged
,
and
the
Castle
of
Vantadour
in
Limosin
(
which
they
had
taken
)
surrendered
.
About
this
time
the
Genuois
being
much
molested
by
the
African
Pirats
,
which
they
could
not
of
themselves
suppresse
,
except
they
would
neglect
their
trading
with
forreign
Nations
,
wherein
the
greatnesse
of
their
City
consisted
sends
Ambassadors
to
the
French
king
for
aid
against
these
Barbarians
,
alleadging
many
reasons
for
their
assistance
,
as
the
vicinity
of
Liguria
to
France
,
the
greatnesse
and
wealth
,
and
ancient
glory
of
the
French
in
subduing
the
enemies
of
Christ
,
and
the
danger
that
Christendome
is
in
by
the
greatnesse
of
the
Barbarians
,
and
that
the
Ports
,
ships
and
wealth
of
Genua
was
at
the
French
service
;
besides
,
that
the
passage
from
France
to
Afric
was
short
.
The
motion
was
hearkned
to
by
the
French
Gentry
,
the
Duke
of
Burbon
is
chosen
General
;
England
is
invited
to
joyn
with
the
French
in
this
honourable
France
is
now
quiet
,
but
in
Britany
begin
new
troubles
:
for
the
two
sons
of
Iohn
Montfort
being
ransomed
by
the
Constable
of
France
a
Britain
,
and
the
eldest
of
the
two
married
to
his
daughter
,
gave
occasion
to
the
Duke
to
suspect
that
the
Constable
aimed
at
the
Dutchy
for
his
son
in
law
;
therefore
one
day
invited
the
Constable
to
a
feast
,
and
after
dinner
pretending
to
shew
him
a
new
house
that
he
had
built
,
detained
him
there
as
a
prisoner
,
at
which
the
king
was
highly
displeased
;
the
Duke
excused
himself
,
that
he
did
this
to
be
revenged
of
some
affronts
done
him
by
the
Constable
,
being
a
Britain
born
:
this
answer
did
not
content
the
king
;
but
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
mediated
for
this
Duke
of
Britany
,
who
let
the
Constable
go
,
after
he
had
parted
with
a
great
summe
for
his
ransome
,
and
divers
of
his
lands
.
After
this
,
Peter
Craon
the
kings
favourite
,
is
banished
the
Court
,
upon
some
discontent
taken
against
him
by
the
kings
brother
the
Duke
of
Orleans
.
Craon
suspecting
the
Constable
,
that
this
affront
he
received
by
his
procuring
,
watched
him
one
night
as
he
came
late
from
the
kings
lodgings
,
fell
upon
him
,
and
so
wounded
him
that
he
left
him
for
dead
,
yet
afterward
recovered
.
The
king
was
so
enraged
at
this
Craon
,
that
he
caused
his
goodly
house
at
Paris
to
be
pull'd
down
,
and
turned
to
a
Church-yard
;
and
suspecting
that
the
Duke
of
Britany
had
animated
Craon
,
he
raiseth
an
Army
against
him
;
the
Duke
sent
to
excuse
and
clear
himself
,
but
could
not
be
heard
:
therefore
the
25.
of
Iuly
,
in
the
extream
heat
of
the
year
,
he
takes
horse
and
marcheth
before
his
Army
with
a
thin
cap
on
his
head
;
his
Physitians
and
Peers
disswade
him
from
going
in
such
dangerous
weather
,
but
in
vaine
:
he
was
scarce
gone
a
mile
from
the
City
Mans
,
the
Metropolis
of
Maine
,
when
he
was
taken
with
such
a
phrensie
,
that
he
killed
two
of
those
that
were
next
him
,
and
hurt
divers
others
,
laying
about
him
,
till
he
fainted
and
fell
from
his
horse
,
and
is
carried
back
to
Mans
,
where
he
at
last
was
cured
,
but
not
totally
:
the
Duke
of
Britany
with
his
wife
and
children
,
and
chiefest
goods
,
had
taken
shipping
at
St.
Mallo
for
England
,
but
understanding
of
this
accident
,
returns
home
again
.
About
this
time
the
people
began
to
murmure
against
the
Constable
,
that
he
could
not
have
gathered
together
so
much
wealth
as
he
had
,
without
robbing
them
:
wherefore
he
to
stop
their
mouths
,
reconciles
himself
to
the
D.
and
so
all
former
wrongs
are
forgot
and
forgiven
.
The
King
being
returned
to
Paris
,
the
government
of
France
by
general
assent
of
the
Peers
is
conferred
upon
the
kings
uncles
,
though
the
D.
of
Orleans
the
Kings
brother
laboured
much
for
it
;
but
he
was
too
young
for
that
employment
.
Many
Playes
and
Masks
were
performed
at
Court
to
drive
away
the
kings
melancholy
;
in
one
of
the
Masks
,
the
king
with
five
others
disguised
themselves
in
the
shape
of
Lions
,
their
linnen
covers
were
pitched
,
that
the
threds
which
resembled
the
hairs
of
wilde
beasts
might
stick
the
faster
;
as
these
were
dancing
the
round
,
and
singing
nuptial
songs
in
honour
of
a
great
favourite
lately
married
,
the
Duke
of
Orl●…ans
stood
so
near
with
his
torch
,
that
a
spark
fell
on
the
king
which
set
all
on
fire
;
every
one
running
to
save
the
king
,
left
the
others
to
shift
for
themselves
,
two
of
which
were
burned
presently
,
and
died
with
horrible
skritches
,
two
others
died
the
next
day
:
the
fifth
was
saved
by
water
and
wine
flung
upon
him
;
the
Dutchess
of
Berry
instantly
stayed
the
fire
on
the
king
by
the
long
train
of
her
gown
which
she
flapt
upon
it
;
the
Duke
of
Orleans
excused
himself
,
that
what
he
did
,
was
against
his
will
:
but
this
accident
increased
the
kings
disease
,
for
whose
recovery
many
vows
and
prayers
are
made
to
God.
Clement
the
Antipope
being
dead
,
Ambassadours
are
sent
from
the
kings
uncles
to
the
Cardinals
of
Avenion
,
to
desire
that
no
Pope
should
be
chosen
till
the
schisme
were
first
remedied
;
they
all
swore
,
that
if
he
at
Rome
would
lay
down
his
Pontificat
,
he
should
do
the
like
at
Avenion
,
that
was
to
be
chosen
:
Pierre
de
la
Lune
a
Castilian
is
chosen
,
to
whom
the
kings
uncles
repair
,
beseeching
him
to
make
a
peace
in
the
Church
,
and
that
he
would
submit
himself
to
a
general
Council
;
he
answered
,
that
he
would
not
leave
the
helm
of
Christs
ship
,
so
long
as
he
lived
,
and
so
the
Princes
returned
without
effecting
any
thing
,
which
much
discontented
the
king
;
but
the
Pope
,
to
please
him
,
authorizeth
him
to
raise
a
tenth
from
the
Clergy
,
this
made
him
more
odious
;
whereupon
command
is
given
that
no
Bulls
shall
be
received
from
him
,
and
that
no
Clergy
man
should
acknowledge
him
,
and
withal
an
Army
is
sent
to
besiege
him
;
whereupon
he
removes
from
Avenion
,
and
returns
home
to
Spain
,
having
the
Eucharist
carried
all
the
way
before
him
,
that
none
might
hurt
him
.
Great
debate
arose
about
the
kingdome
of
Arragon
,
between
divers
Princes
descended
from
king
Peter
by
differentbran
ches
:
Duke
de
Anjou
laid
claim
to
it
in
right
of
his
wife
Iobant
,
the
daughter
of
Iohn
eldest
son
to
king
Peter
;
all
parties
were
contented
to
submit
themselves
to
the
arbitration
of
some
holy
and
learned
men
,
these
adjudged
the
kingdome
to
Ferdinand
youngest
son
to
the
king
of
Castile
,
and
Leonar
daughter
to
Peter
king
of
Arragon
,
whose
eldest
son
was
dead
,
having
left
one
son
named
Iohn
of
Castile
.
The
kings
of
England
and
France
meet
near
Calis
,
where
a
match
is
concluded
between
the
daughter
of
France
,
and
the
king
of
Englands
son
.
After
the
Christians
were
defeated
at
Nicapolis
by
the
Turk
,
young
Sigismund
king
of
Hungary
,
who
had
escaped
,
returned
into
his
Country
:
he
it
was
for
whose
cause
king
Charles
of
Naples
was
murthered
by
one
Nicon
at
the
command
of
the
old
Queen
,
both
which
were
shortly
after
put
to
death
by
Charles
his
friends
.
This
Sigismund
returning
,
found
that
in
his
absence
the
people
had
been
much
wronged
by
the
Nobility
,
wherefore
he
cut
off
the
heads
of
two
and
thirty
of
his
chief
Lords
;
some
think
this
execution
was
done
before
the
battel
of
Nicopolis
;
but
he
was
so
hated
for
this
,
and
slighted
for
his
overthrow
at
Nicopolis
,
that
two
of
the
chief
Lords
of
Hungary
conspired
against
him
,
and
took
him
prisoner
,
committing
him
to
the
custody
of
Nicons
two
sons
,
hoping
they
would
keep
him
sure
:
then
they
sent
to
Ladislaus
king
of
Naples
to
accept
of
the
Crown
,
but
he
remembring
the
disaster
of
his
father
Charles
made
no
haste
thither
;
in
the
interim
the
widow
of
Nicon
intreats
her
two
sons
to
set
free
the
king
,
lest
Ladislaus
obtaining
the
Crown
might
revenge
his
fathers
death
on
them
;
so
Sigismund
is
set
free
,
who
instantly
cuts
off
the
heads
of
those
two
Lords
who
apprehended
him
.
About
this
time
Wenceslaus
the
Emperour
being
deposed
,
Robert
his
successour
made
war
with
the
Duke
of
Millan
,
by
whom
he
was
defeated
and
driven
back
to
Germany
:
two
years
after
the
Duke
of
Millan
died
.
During
the
French
kings
indisposition
,
there
arose
a
great
debate
between
the
Dukes
of
Orleans
and
Burgundy
about
the
government
of
France
:
shortly
after
,
Philip
le
Hardy
Duke
of
Burgundy
died
;
but
the
feud
between
these
two
houses
grew
hotter
,
so
that
Paris
was
much
disturbed
with
the
two
factions
,
which
came
to
that
height
,
that
one
night
the
Duke
of
Orleans
as
he
went
late
from
the
Queens
lodgings
,
was
murthered
in
the
streets
,
by
some
that
fled
immediately
into
the
Duke
of
Burgundies
house
;
the
Duke
himself
fled
to
Arras
,
and
from
thence
into
his
own
Country
,
where
he
found
an
CHAP.
XI
.
The
History
of
England
,
interwoven
with
some
passages
of
France
and
Scotland
,
from
the
year
1301.
till
1350.
A
Peace
being
made
between
France
and
England
,
King
Edward
the
first
makes
a
third
expedition
into
Scotland
,
where
he
did
nothing
but
besiege
Nicholas
Segrave
being
accused
by
Sr.
Iohn
Cromwel
for
treason
,
offers
to
justifie
himself
in
a
duel
,
which
the
King
denied
him
;
whereupon
he
leaves
the
Kings
camp
,
and
goeth
beyond
sea
to
fight
his
enemy
,
for
this
he
is
adjudged
guilty
of
death
,
but
by
the
intercession
of
the
Peers
is
pardoned
:
then
the
King
makes
inquisition
for
intruders
on
other
mens
lands
(
this
writ
was
called
Trailbaston
)
for
batteries
,
ravishers
,
murtherers
,
&c.
He
terrifies
divers
of
the
Nobility
for
their
former
insolencies
,
and
got
great
summes
of
them
:
He
got
the
Pope
to
unty
the
Covenants
made
between
him
and
his
subjects
,
after
he
had
sent
him
some
golden
vessels
for
his
Chamber
.
But
when
he
heard
that
Bruce
was
king
of
Scotland
,
he
was
startled
,
and
begins
to
comply
again
with
his
people
:
Pembrook
,
Clifford
and
Percy
are
sent
with
an
Army
to
relieve
his
Wardens
of
Scotland
;
he
follows
after
with
another
Army
:
three
hundred
sons
of
Earls
,
Barons
and
Knights
,
assemble
to
wait
upon
the
Prince
in
this
expedition
,
all
whom
he
girds
with
a
Military
belt
,
as
the
King
did
likewise
the
Prince
,
whom
then
he
Knighted
:
then
the
King
made
a
solemne
vow
to
be
revenged
on
Bruce
for
the
death
of
Cumin
.
The
thirtieth
penny
of
the
Clergy
and
Laity
,
and
the
twentieth
of
all
Merchants
being
granted
,
the
King
makes
his
last
expedition
into
Scotland
;
before
whose
arrival
,
Bruce
was
defeated
by
the
frauds
and
family
of
Cumin
,
assisted
by
the
English
forces
that
were
sent
before
:
Bruce
escapes
,
his
brother
and
some
Lords
are
found
out
and
executed
;
the
wife
of
Robert
Bruce
is
sent
prisoner
to
London
:
the
Countess
of
Buchan
is
put
into
a
wodden
Cage
,
and
hung
out
upon
the
walls
of
Barwick
.
The
King
calls
a
Parliament
at
Carlisle
,
in
which
he
yeelds
to
the
Pope
the
first
fruits
of
all
Churches
within
his
Dominions
,
and
the
Pope
granted
the
King
all
the
Tenths
of
those
Churches
for
two
years
.
In
the
mean
while
King
Bruce
recovers
new
Forces
,
assailes
the
Earl
of
Pembroke
,
and
defeats
him
;
then
three
dayes
after
chases
the
Earle
of
Gloucester
into
the
Castle
of
Ayer
,
where
he
besiegeth
him
;
but
the
siege
is
raised
by
King
Edwards
forces
,
who
at
last
,
having
shed
so
much
blood
,
dieth
of
a
Bloody-flux
,
upon
the
sands
of
Scotland
by
Burrough
,
by
which
we
may
see
,
that
the
Kingdomes
of
this
world
are
built
upon
sandy
foundations
;
he
reigned
four
and
thirty
years
seven
moneths
,
his
age
was
sixty
eight
:
his
successor
was
Edward
the
second
,
on
whom
was
conferred
the
Earldome
of
Cornwall
,
Edmund
King
Richards
son
of
the
Romans
being
dead
without
issue
;
but
this
Earldome
young
King
Edward
bestowed
on
Pierce
Gavestone
,
whom
he
recalled
from
his
banishment
,
notwithstanding
his
father
had
forbid
him
,
being
he
had
corrupted
his
youth
,
and
caused
this
young
Prince
to
commit
divers
riots
,
for
which
Prince
Edward
had
been
a
while
imprisoned
by
his
Father
.
King
Edward
the
second
presently
upon
his
entring
into
his
Government
,
displeased
his
people
by
recalling
Gavestone
,
and
bestowing
on
him
not
onely
Cornwal
,
but
also
the
Bishop
of
Chesters
goods
,
who
had
been
his
Fathers
Treasurer
;
him
he
arrests
,
imprisons
,
and
bestowes
all
his
estate
upon
this
Gavestone
,
because
the
Bishop
had
complained
against
the
Princes
riots
to
his
Father
;
then
makes
a
new
Treasurer
,
and
removes
all
his
Fathers
Officers
without
consent
of
his
Councel
;
he
calls
a
Parliament
at
Northampton
,
in
which
a
fifteenth
of
the
Clergy
,
and
a
twentieth
of
the
Laity
are
granted
him
.
After
his
fathers
Funerals
,
he
is
married
to
Isabel
,
Philip
the
Fair's
Daughter
;
the
Nuptials
are
performed
at
Bulloign
with
great
solemnity
;
in
the
second
year
of
his
reign
he
is
crowned
,
which
was
like
to
have
been
hindred
by
the
Lords
,
because
he
suffered
himself
to
be
totally
ruled
by
Gavestone
,
who
corrupted
both
him
and
his
Court
with
all
manner
of
excess
and
debauchery
;
but
he
promised
the
Lords
,
that
he
would
perform
their
desires
the
next
Parliament
.
Shortly
after
his
Coronation
,
all
the
Knights-Templars
in
England
are
arrested
and
imprisoned
.
Gavestone
is
prosecuted
by
the
Lords
,
whom
he
slights
and
nicknames
.
A
Parliament
is
called
,
Magna
Charta
confirmed
,
ill
Counsellors
and
strangers
are
removed
,
the
Kings
power
restrained
,
and
Gavestone
banished
Gilbert
de
Clare
Earle
of
Gloucester
,
and
daughter
to
Iohn
de
Aeres
,
and
bestowes
on
him
the
Jewels
of
the
Crown
,
which
he
sold
to
strangers
,
and
conveyed
away
much
treasure
.
The
Barons
threaten
the
King
with
a
war
,
unless
he
put
away
his
minion
,
who
therefore
is
banished
again
,
and
threatned
with
death
,
if
ever
hereafter
he
be
found
within
the
Kingdome
;
he
shelters
himself
a
while
in
Flanders
,
but
finding
no
security
there
,
nor
elsewhere
,
returnes
to
the
King
,
who
joyfully
receives
him
;
the
Lords
upon
this
combine
against
him
,
an
Army
is
raised
,
the
King
is
besought
to
deliver
up
Gavestone
;
but
he
conveyes
him
to
New-Castle
,
where
understanding
of
the
Barons
Army
,
they
both
remove
by
Sea
to
Scarborough
Castle
,
where
the
King
leaves
him
guarded
,
and
goeth
himself
to
Warwickshire
;
Scarborough
is
besieged
,
Gavestone
is
taken
,
whom
the
Lords
(
notwithstanding
the
King
sollicited
for
his
life
)
condemned
him
to
the
block
,
and
beheaded
.
After
this
the
Lords
threaten
the
King
,
that
unless
he
would
ratifie
the
last
Articles
,
they
would
force
him
:
The
Prelates
,
with
the
Earl
of
Gloucester
,
and
two
Cardinals
sent
from
the
Pope
,
labour
to
reconcile
the
King
and
Lords
;
the
Cardinals
are
checked
for
intermedling
with
business
concerned
them
not
;
yet
the
Lords
yield
to
deliver
up
to
the
king
the
Treasures
and
Jewels
which
they
took
from
Gavestone
,
so
that
he
would
grant
their
Petitions
.
About
this
time
Queen
Isabel
at
Windsor
is
delivered
of
a
son
named
Edward
;
a
Parliament
shortly
after
is
called
,
in
which
the
King
complaines
against
the
Lords
,
and
they
against
him
;
at
last
they
are
perswaded
to
crave
pardon
of
the
king
,
which
they
obtained
,
and
their
Articles
are
confirmed
.
In
this
mean
while
king
Bruce
growes
strong
in
Scotland
,
which
he
had
almost
totally
regained
,
and
with
an
Army
invades
England
;
king
Edward
raiseth
an
Army
of
one
hundred
thousand
against
him
:
Neer
Sterling
upon
the
River
Bannock
,
Bruce
with
thirty
thousand
horse
and
foot
encountred
king
Edward
;
the
Scots
had
digged
trenches
which
they
pitched
full
of
sharp
stakes
,
and
covered
them
over
with
hurdles
and
turfe
,
by
which
the
English
horse
were
confounded
,
and
their
whole
Army
utterly
defeated
;
here
were
killed
divers
Lords
and
Earls
of
England
,
seven
hundred
knights
,
Esquires
and
Gentlemen
,
of
common
Souldiers
ten
thousand
,
many
prime
men
taken
prisoners
,
but
the
king
escaped
back
to
York
,
who
desired
to
be
revenged
on
the
Scots
,
but
could
not
;
the
English
borderers
run
all
away
,
leaving
their
Not
only
did
Robert
Bruce
overthrow
the
king
twice
,
and
obtain
the
Crown
of
Scotland
,
but
he
sends
over
his
brother
also
with
an
Army
into
Ireland
,
a
great
part
whereof
he
conquered
,
and
made
himself
king
,
which
he
held
three
years
.
K.
Edward
it
seems
intended
to
have
had
the
Earl
of
Lancaster
murthered
by
the
Scots
,
as
appeared
by
a
Letter
sent
from
him
to
the
Scots
k.
which
was
intercepted
,
and
the
messenger
executed
.
The
Scots
plunder
as
far
as
York
:
Hereupon
a
Parliament
is
called
at
London
,
money
and
men
are
raised
,
but
the
English
Army
mutined
and
came
to
nothing
;
Barwick
is
surrendred
to
the
Scots
;
k.
Edward
beleaguers
it
;
but
the
Scots
to
raise
the
siege
,
enter
with
new
Forces
upon
England
,
and
had
almost
surprised
the
Queen
neer
York
;
the
Earl
of
Lancaster
withdrawes
himself
from
the
siege
of
Barwick
,
because
the
king
promised
the
Towne
to
Hugh
Spencer
his
minion
;
this
Spencer
with
his
father
so
exasperated
the
Lords
,
that
they
took
up
Armes
against
the
king
,
and
forced
him
to
banish
them
both
.
Ten
thousand
English
are
defeated
again
by
the
Scots
,
who
killed
3000
of
them
;
wherefore
K.
Edward
concludes
a
Truce
with
them
for
two
years
,
and
returns
with
dishonour
home
.
The
Queen
is
denied
lodging
in
the
Castle
of
Leeds
,
belonging
to
the
Lord
Badlesmore
,
as
she
was
going
towards
Canterbury
,
whereupon
the
King
besiegeth
and
takes
it
,
hangs
up
the
Keeper
,
Badlesmores
wife
and
children
are
sent
to
the
Tower
,
and
all
his
estate
seised
on
;
then
the
king
raiseth
an
Army
against
the
Barons
,
whereof
divers
submitted
themselves
to
him
,
chiefly
the
two
Roger
Mortimers
;
The
Lords
that
held
out
are
discomfited
by
the
kings
Forces
;
the
Earl
of
Lancaster
with
many
other
Lords
are
taken
and
executed
.
Presently
upon
this
the
King
marcheth
with
a
mighty
Army
into
Scotland
,
whence
he
was
forced
for
want
to
return
without
blowes
;
the
Scots
pursue
him
,
and
had
almost
taken
him
,
as
they
did
his
treasure
with
the
Earl
of
Richmond
;
so
having
wasted
all
as
far
as
the
walls
of
York
,
return
richly
laden
into
Scotland
.
Sir
Andrew
Harkley
,
who
for
taking
Lancaster
prisoner
at
Borough-Brigs
,
was
made
Earle
of
Carlile
;
upon
suspition
for
combining
with
the
Scots
,
is
drawn
,
hanged
,
and
quartered
for
treason
,
at
London
.
And
now
the
king
and
his
Clergy
fall
asunder
about
the
Bishop
of
Hereford
,
Roger
Mortimer
lately
escaped
out
of
the
Tower
of
London
,
acquaints
the
king
therewith
;
he
upon
this
sends
presently
for
them
;
but
they
neglecting
to
come
,
are
proclaimed
enemies
to
the
king
,
and
order
taken
at
all
the
Ports
,
that
they
shall
not
be
suffered
to
land
;
The
Queen
,
upon
suspition
that
her
brother
would
betray
her
to
the
Spencers
,
who
had
bribed
his
Counsellors
thereto
,
withdraws
to
the
Earl
of
Henault
and
Holland
,
whose
daughter
Philip
she
contracts
with
her
son
the
Prince
;
by
the
Earls
means
she
is
transported
over
into
England
,
lands
at
Harwich
,
with
the
Prince
,
the
Earle
of
Kent
the
kings
brother
,
Pembroke
,
Mortimer
,
Iohn
the
the
Earl
of
Henaults
brother
,
and
2500
Flemings
;
she
is
received
by
divers
of
the
discontented
Lords
,
and
by
the
Bishops
of
Hereford
and
Lincoln
.
The
king
upon
this
craved
aide
of
London
,
but
found
none
;
Death
is
proclaimed
to
those
that
assisted
the
Queen
;
all
her
adherents
are
commanded
to
be
destroyed
,
except
the
Queen
,
Prince
,
and
Earle
of
Kent
;
a
thousand
pounds
proffered
for
Mortimers
head
.
So
leaving
the
City
,
he
departs
towards
the
west
,
where
he
is
slighted
,
without
hope
of
any
aide
;
the
Queen
marcheth
with
her
increasing
Army
to
Oxford
;
the
Bishop
of
Hereford
preached
,
and
concluded
from
his
Text
,
2
King.
24.
My
head
aketh
,
that
the
aking
and
sick
head
of
a
kingdom
was
to
be
taken
off
.
The
Queen
proffers
2000
pound
for
young
Spencers
head
,
and
proclaims
,
that
the
Souldiers
should
not
take
from
the
subject
any
thing
without
ready
money
,
otherwise
to
be
punished
with
the
loss
of
a
finger
,
hand
,
or
head
,
if
the
value
of
the
thing
taken
came
to
three
pence
,
six
pence
,
or
twelve
pence
.
The
king
finding
no
aide
,
and
being
persecuted
by
the
Queen
,
upon
suspition
that
he
would
have
murthered
her
,
secures
old
Hugh
Spencer
in
the
Castle
of
Bristol
,
and
commits
himself
to
the
Sea
,
lands
in
Wales
,
and
is
hid
in
the
Abbey
of
Neth
:
the
Queen
is
met
at
Gloucester
with
aide
from
the
North
,
then
wins
the
Castle
of
Bristol
;
Hugh
Spencer
Earle
of
Winchester
,
is
taken
,
drawn
,
hanged
in
his
Coat-Armour
,
headed
and
quartered
;
at
Hereford
she
proclaimes
,
that
if
the
king
would
return
and
rule
the
State
as
he
should
,
he
should
be
restored
to
all
again
;
but
he
came
not
,
wherefore
the
Prince
is
made
Guardian
of
the
kingdome
,
hath
fealty
sworn
to
him
;
a
new
Chancellor
and
Treasurer
are
chosen
.
The
king
is
at
last
found
,
and
by
Henry
Earl
of
Lancaster
,
brother
to
the
late
Thomas
,
is
conveyed
to
the
Castle
of
Kenelworth
;
the
younger
Spencer
now
Earle
of
Gloucester
,
is
drawn
and
hanged
on
a
Gallows
fifty
foot
high
,
and
had
the
like
execution
which
his
father
had
;
the
Earl
of
Arundel
,
with
two
Barons
,
and
others
that
adhered
to
the
king
,
were
executed
at
Hereford
;
Baldock
the
Chancellor
,
being
a
Priest
,
was
pined
to
death
in
Newgate
.
The
Londoners
force
the
Maior
,
who
held
for
the
king
,
to
take
their
part
;
all
prisoners
are
let
out
;
the
Tower
is
taken
,
and
Iohn
Weston
the
Constable
put
to
death
;
the
Bishop
of
Exeter
,
the
kings
Treasurer
,
is
murthered
:
the
Queen
returning
with
the
Prince
to
London
,
call
a
Parliament
,
in
which
the
King
is
deposed
,
as
Vox
populi
vox
Dei
;
the
Queen
seems
discontented
at
this
election
;
the
Prince
to
comfort
her
,
swore
he
would
not
accept
of
the
Crown
without
his
fathers
consent
;
wherefore
three
Bishops
,
two
Earls
,
two
Abbots
,
and
four
Barons
,
three
Knights
of
each
Shire
,
and
Burgesses
of
every
City
and
Borough
are
sent
to
the
imprisoned
King
to
require
the
renunciation
of
his
Crown
,
which
he
assented
to
,
having
excused
his
misgovernment
,
and
thanked
them
for
electing
his
son
.
After
this
he
is
removed
to
the
Castle
of
Corff
,
where
he
was
murthered
by
his
Keepers
,
who
through
a
horn
,
which
they
put
in
his
fundament
,
pierced
his
guts
with
a
burning
spit
,
having
reigned
nineteen
years
and
about
eight
moneths
:
After
his
deposing
he
was
the
Founder
of
Orial
Colledge
and
S.
Mary
Hall
in
Oxford
;
he
had
two
sons
,
P.
Edward
,
and
Iohn
of
Eliham
Earl
of
Cornwal
,
who
died
young
in
Scotland
;
his
daughter
Ioan
married
to
David
Prince
of
Scotland
,
and
Elianor
to
the
Duke
of
Gelders
:
Some
write
that
he
was
carried
up
and
down
from
one
Castle
to
another
,
that
his
friends
might
not
find
him
,
and
all
plots
disappointed
▪
and
that
he
was
murthered
in
Barkley
Castle
;
but
I
will
not
strive
about
circumstances
.
King
Edward
the
third
being
but
fourteen
years
old
when
he
began
his
reign
was
thought
unfit
as
yet
to
manage
the
kingdome
;
therefore
five
Bishops
and
seven
Lords
are
chosen
to
govern
the
kingdome
;
but
the
Queen
and
Roger
Lord
Mortimer
ruled
all
.
The
strangers
that
came
over
with
the
Queen
under
the
Earl
of
Henaults
brother
,
are
sent
to
joyn
with
the
English
Army
at
York
against
Scotland
,
but
a
quarrel
arose
between
the
English
and
the
strangers
,
so
that
nothing
was
effected
,
and
the
Scots
Army
returned
.
The
next
year
the
Robert
Bruce
;
Sr
Roger
Mortimer
is
made
Earl
of
March
,
the
Instrument
or
Charter
of
the
Scots
fealty
is
restored
:
In
the
Parliament
held
shortly
after
at
Winchester
,
Edmund
Earl
of
Kent
this
young
Kings
Uncle
,
for
intending
to
restore
the
King
his
brother
,
is
condemned
;
he
stood
four
hours
on
the
Scaffold
for
want
of
an
Executioner
,
at
last
one
was
found
.
The
next
year
a
Parliament
is
held
at
Nottingham
,
in
which
the
Queen
loseth
her
great
Joynture
,
being
three
parts
of
the
kings
Revenues
,
and
is
put
to
a
pension
of
a
thousand
pounds
per
annum
.
Mortimer
is
accused
for
procuring
the
late
kings
death
,
for
receiving
a
bribe
of
20000
pounds
from
the
Scots
by
which
the
Army
escaped
at
Stanhop-Park
;
for
making
a
dishonourable
peace
with
Scotland
,
for
being
too
familiar
with
the
Queen
,
and
for
the
death
of
the
kings
Uncle
;
for
these
he
is
condemned
,
drawn
,
and
hanged
at
Tyburne
,
where
his
body
hung
two
dayes
as
a
spectacle
.
After
this
,
king
Edward
being
summoned
by
Philip
Valois
now
k.
of
France
,
goeth
over
to
do
his
homage
for
the
Dutchy
of
Guien
;
by
this
he
acknowledged
the
right
of
his
Competitor
for
that
kingdome
,
because
king
Charles
being
dead
without
issue
male
,
the
Crown
by
the
Salique
Law
fell
to
Philip
Valois
the
Cousin-german
,
and
not
to
king
Edward
,
though
neerer
,
and
the
Nephew
of
the
said
king
Charles
,
as
we
have
already
shewed
in
the
History
of
France
.
King
Edward
then
did
his
homage
,
by
presenting
himselfin
person
in
the
great
Church
of
Amiens
,
in
a
crimson
Velvet
Gown
embroidered
with
Leopards
,
having
his
Crown
on
his
head
,
a
sword
by
his
side
,
and
golden
spurs
on
his
heels
;
king
Philip
sate
in
his
Chair
of
estate
in
a
violet-coloured
Velvet
Gown
embroidered
with
golden
Lillies
,
his
Crown
on
his
head
,
and
Scepter
in
his
hand
,
in
the
midst
of
his
Peers
;
king
Edward
by
command
of
the
Chamberlain
of
France
puts
off
his
crown
,
sword
and
spurs
,
then
kneeling
on
a
crimson
velvet
cushion
before
king
Philip
,
promiseth
to
be
loyal
as
Duke
of
Guyen
and
Peer
of
France
,
to
King
Philip
;
the
Chamberlain
pronouncing
the
words
of
homage
before
,
and
puting
his
hands
together
between
the
French
kings
hands
;
then
king
Edward
riseth
,
and
kisseth
the
French
king
(
as
the
Lord
of
the
Fee
)
in
the
mouth
.
After
this
,
k.
Edward
returns
to
England
,
and
aids
Edward
Baliol
son
to
Iohn
,
who
32
years
before
had
usurped
the
crown
,
and
was
deposed
.
This
Edward
Baliol
,
whilst
the
young
k.
David
Bruce
was
in
France
,
got
himself
to
be
crowned
king
at
Scone
,
having
first
defeated
the
Bruceans
,
by
the
help
of
those
Scots
that
were
for
Baliol
;
yet
this
new
King
is
driven
out
of
Scotland
by
the
Bruceans
.
King
Edward
comes
with
a
great
Army
,
and
after
three
moneths
siege
takes
Berwick
,
and
defeats
the
Scots
army
at
Halidown-hill
,
who
came
to
raise
the
siege
;
here
were
slain
7
Earls
,
900
Knights
and
Baronets
,
400
Esquires
,
and
32000
common
souldiers
,
(
the
Scotish
writers
mention
but
14000.
)
The
Lord
Seaton
,
who
was
governour
of
Berwick
,
conditions
with
king
Edward
,
that
if
rescue
came
not
by
such
a
day
,
he
would
render
him
up
the
Town
,
in
assurance
of
which
he
delivers
him
two
of
his
sons
;
but
when
king
Edward
saw
the
Scots
forces
come
before
the
day
,
he
summons
Seaton
to
render
the
Town
presently
,
or
else
he
should
see
his
two
sons
executed
:
The
Lord
being
doubtful
what
to
doe
,
is
encouraged
by
his
wife
rather
to
lose
their
two
sons
,
then
his
faith
to
his
Prince
,
charity
to
his
Country
,
and
dignity
of
his
Family
.
And
so
the
two
young
Gentlemen
were
hanged
.
K.
Baliol
being
setled
in
Scotland
,
at
Newcastle
doth
homage
to
the
king
of
Lombards
,
Cluneaques
,
and
Cistercians
,
are
given
to
the
king
towards
this
expedition
into
France
;
the
Emperour
and
divers
German
Princes
side
with
him
.
Then
the
King
with
his
Queen
and
Children
go
over
to
Flanders
,
thence
enter
France
;
the
two
Armies
look
upon
each
other
,
nothing
was
acted
,
only
a
Hare
started
before
the
head
of
the
French
army
,
which
occasioned
a
new
knighthood
,
call'd
knights
of
the
Hare
:
other
particulars
we
have
mentioned
in
the
French
story
.
K.
Edward
after
a
years
absence
returns
into
England
,
leaving
the
Queen
in
Brabant
:
He
lands
about
midnight
at
the
Tower
,
which
he
found
unguarded
.
He
calls
a
Parliament
,
and
receives
great
subsidies
of
Clergy
&
Laity
,
and
hath
loans
of
many
wealthy
men
:
For
his
mighty
subsidies
,
divers
pardons
are
granted
,
and
the
great
Charter
confirmed
.
The
English
are
worsted
at
Lisle
,
but
the
French
fleet
is
beat
at
sea
.
Tournay
is
besieged
by
the
English
;
A
challenge
is
sent
by
k.
Edward
to
k.
Philip
,
but
rejected
.
After
Tournay
is
besieged
3
months
,
by
the
mediation
of
Philippa's
mother
(
a
Nun
)
truce
is
concluded
for
one
year
.
So
Q.
Philippa
after
3
years
absence
returns
to
England
with
the
king
:
she
had
two
sons
in
Flanders
;
Lionel
D.
of
Clarence
,
and
Iohn
(
born
at
Gaunt
)
D.
of
Lancaster
.
The
king
complains
that
he
was
forced
to
raise
the
siege
from
Tournay
,
for
want
of
mony
,
for
which
he
accuseth
Iohn
Stratford
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
;
he
by
his
letters
(
for
he
durst
not
come
to
the
king
in
person
)
cleares
himself
,
and
accuseth
the
king
of
tyrannie
and
oppression
,
chiefly
of
the
Clergy
,
divers
of
whom
he
had
imprison'd
:
the
king
is
forc'd
to
collogue
with
his
Parliament
for
more
supplies
of
monies
,
&
confirms
divers
grants
,
which
when
his
turn
was
served
,
he
revoked
.
Shortly
afterthis
,
Iohn
of
Montfort
being
in
competition
with
Charles
de
Blois
about
the
Dutchy
of
Britany
,
craves
aid
of
king
Edward
,
as
we
have
shewed
before
.
Many
bickerings
there
were
between
the
French
and
English
in
Britany
,
till
a
Truce
of
three
years
was
conluded
.
K.
Edward
after
this
drives
k.
David
out
of
Scotland
into
the
Islands
.
William
Montacute
Earl
of
Salisbury
conquers
the
Isle
of
Man
,
whom
k.
Edward
stiled
king
thereof
.
A
Society
of
the
knights
of
the
Round-table
,
in
imitation
of
k.
Arthur
is
designed
,
and
a
chamber
of
200
foot
round
erected
at
Windsor
for
the
same
:
then
began
the
Order
of
the
Garter
at
Windsor
,
occasioned
by
the
garter
of
the
Countess
of
Salisbury
,
taken
up
by
the
king
in
dancing
with
her
,
the
number
In
a
Parliament
at
Westminster
complaint
is
made
against
the
collation
of
Benefices
on
strangers
,
therefore
a
Letter
is
sent
to
Pope
Clement
the
6.
from
the
Lords
and
Commons
,
seconded
by
the
Kings
Letters
,
by
Sir
Iohn
Shordich
a
civil
Lawyer
,
desiring
the
Pope
to
recall
all
such
collations
and
reservations
;
all
Patrons
also
are
prohibited
to
grant
such
collations
under
pain
of
imprisonment
or
death
;
in
this
Parliament
Archbishop
Stratford
upon
submission
is
reconciled
to
the
King
,
and
P.
Edward
about
the
age
of
13.
is
created
P.
of
Wales
,
a
tenth
is
granted
by
the
Clergy
,
and
a
fifteenth
by
the
Laity
,
then
general
musters
are
taken
through
the
whole
kingdom
;
then
k.
Edward
goeth
over
to
Flanders
,
Iames
Artevile
is
imployed
by
him
to
induce
the
Flemings
to
revolt
from
their
Earl
,
but
he
had
his
brains
beaten
out
at
Gaunt
for
his
labour
,
and
so
the
kings
design
failed
him
.
And
now
the
wars
break
out
again
between
France
and
England
;
K.
Edward
left
the
Lords
Piercy
and
Nevil
Wardens
of
England
,
and
takes
with
him
the
young
Prince
being
aged
18
years
,
and
an
Army
of
4000
men
at
Armes
,
10000
Archers
,
besides
Welsh
and
Irish
;
he
lands
in
Normandy
,
and
divides
his
men
into
three
battails
,
one
to
march
on
his
left
hand
along
the
sea-coast
,
the
other
on
the
right
conducted
by
the
two
Marshals
,
and
himself
in
the
midst
with
the
main
Army
;
the
Earl
of
Huntington
is
Admiral
of
the
Fleet
,
he
first
sacks
Caranton
and
burns
it
,
having
found
the
heads
of
Bacon
,
Piercy
,
and
others
there
massacred
by
K.
Philip
,
then
he
takes
Lo
,
Cain
,
and
other
Towns
,
then
he
goeth
over
the
river
Some
and
defeats
the
French
which
were
sent
to
hinder
his
passage
,
being
1000
French
horse
and
6000
foot
;
the
English
Army
consists
of
30000.
the
Prince
hath
the
Vantguard
,
wherein
were
800
men
at
Armes
,
2000
Archers
and
1000
other
;
the
second
battel
was
committed
to
the
Earls
of
Arundel
and
Northampton
,
the
Lords
Rosse
,
Willoughby
,
S.
Alban
,
Multon
,
and
others
,
wherein
were
800
men
at
Armes
,
and
2000
Archers
,
the
third
battail
was
led
by
the
K.
having
700
men
at
Armes
and
2000
Archers
;
the
French
Army
consisted
of
60000.
wherof
there
were
above
3000
Barons
,
Knights
and
Gentlemen
,
besides
1000
more
of
the
Earle
of
Savoys
,
the
Vantguard
he
commits
to
his
brother
Count
de
Alanson
,
the
Rear
to
the
Earle
of
Savoy
,
the
main
battel
he
leads
himself
;
Alanson
contrary
to
the
k.
of
Bohemia's
advice
would
not
suffer
the
Genoves
Infantry
(
which
consisted
of
1500
Cross-Bows
)
should
make
the
first
front
,
therefore
by
changing
the
seat
of
the
Army
he
caused
disorder
and
discontent
,
besides
a
sudden
rain
fell
which
dissolved
their
strings
,
and
made
their
Bowes
useless
.
King
Edward
from
a
Windmill-hill
perceiving
the
enemy
disordered
,
sends
to
charge
the
Genoves
,
who
presently
recoil
;
Alanson
with
Savoy
,
Lorain
,
and
the
Delphin
de
Vienois
,
through
the
Genoves
rush
furiously
upon
the
English
battel
where
the
Prince
was
;
the
French
king
seeing
his
brother
like
to
be
wors●…ed
by
the
English
,
makes
up
to
dis-ingage
him
;
the
fight
grew
hot
and
doubtful
;
King
Edward
is
sent
for
to
come
up
with
his
aide
,
but
refused
,
when
he
knew
the
Prince
was
alive
,
for
he
desired
that
the
honour
of
the
day
should
be
his
;
the
French
Kings
horse
being
slain
,
and
he
convey'd
out
of
the
field
,
the
rest
were
disheartned
,
and
so
the
English
got
the
day
,
30000
were
slain
,
of
which
were
15000
Earles
,
Barons
,
and
Gentlemen
;
other
particulars
we
have
touched
in
the
French
story
:
the
next
morning
King
Edward
sent
out
three
hundred
Lances
,
and
two
thousand
Archers
,
to
discover
what
was
become
of
the
enemy
,
who
found
some
Troops
comming
to
the
Army
,
being
ignorant
of
what
had
hapned
;
these
are
also
defeated
.
The
English
Forces
sent
to
aide
Montfort
against
Charles
de
Blois
,
prevailed
,
and
took
Charles
prisoner
with
some
Lords
and
Knights
.
That
year
also
King
David
of
Scotland
is
overthrown
by
the
Queen
of
England
and
her
forces
;
fifteen
thousand
Scots
were
slain
,
the
Earles
of
Fife
,
Menteth
,
Murrey
,
Sutherland
,
with
the
Lord
Douglass
,
the
Arch-bishop
of
Saint
Andrews
,
and
others
are
taken
prisoners
.
Henry
of
Lancaster
with
an
Army
of
six
thousand
pillageth
the
countrey
of
Poictou
.
King
Edward
besiegeth
Calice
.
The
French
King
having
punished
his
Treasurers
and
Collectors
,
raiseth
a
great
sum
of
money
,
and
with
it
an
Army
,
but
could
not
raise
the
siege
from
Calice
,
and
so
breaks
up
his
Army
and
returnes
to
Paris
;
two
Cardinals
are
sent
to
make
peace
,
but
could
not
:
Calice
is
surrendred
,
which
continued
with
the
English
two
hundred
and
ten
years
after
;
so
a
Truce
being
made
for
some
moneths
,
King
Edward
returnes
triumphing
home
.
These
wars
were
accompanied
with
great
plagues
and
famine
,
so
that
in
a
short
time
half
of
the
people
died
.
King
Edward
goeth
over
again
to
Calice
,
understanding
it
was
like
to
be
betrayed
by
the
Governour
for
20000
crowns
,
Monsieur
de
Charney
sent
the
money
before
,
and
he
comes
after
with
some
Forces
,
the
money
is
received
,
and
the
King
goeth
out
with
his
Forces
to
meet
him
;
a
sharp
encounter
there
was
,
the
King
was
disguised
,
and
twice
beaten
down
by
one
Riboumont
,
whom
afterward
he
took
prisoner
,
and
for
his
valour
rewarded
,
and
set
him
free
without
ransome
.
After
this
the
King
got
the
Castle
of
Guisnes
neer
Calice
for
a
sum
of
money
,
and
shortly
after
the
French
King
died
.
CHAP.
XII
.
A
prosecution
of
the
English
story
from
the
year
1350.
till
1399.
THe
Spaniards
had
taken
some
English
Ships
laden
with
wines
in
the
River
Garoune
,
wherefore
King
Edward
seised
on
some
Spanish
Ships
laden
with
cloath
,
as
they
were
passing
from
Flanders
.
The
Monies
here
are
abated
in
weight
,
and
yet
pass
according
to
the
former
value
,
which
caused
much
murmuring
among
the
people
.
The
Staple
of
Woolls
is
withdrawn
from
Flanders
,
and
set
up
in
England
,
because
the
young
Earl
Lewis
on
whom
King
Edward
would
have
bestowed
his
daughter
,
was
got
away
and
married
to
the
Duke
of
Brabants
daughter
.
A
Parliament
is
held
at
Westminster
,
in
which
Weares
,
Mills
,
and
other
stoppages
of
Rivers
hindring
boats
,
are
commanded
to
be
removed
,
all
common
Whores
are
injoyned
to
wear
hoods
striped
with
divers
colours
,
and
the
wrong
sides
of
their
garments
outward
.
Henry
Lord
Derby
is
made
Duke
of
Lancaster
.
Charles
de
Blois
is
set
free
to
procure
his
ransome
of
40000
Florens
.
The
Pope
labours
to
make
peace
between
the
two
Kings
,
but
could
not
,
because
the
French
king
would
not
part
with
the
Homage
due
for
the
Dutchy
of
Aquitain
.
The
Prince
of
Wales
sets
forth
with
300
sail
for
Gascoign
,
with
1000
men
at
Arms
,
2000
Archers
,
besides
the
Welch
foot
.
Three
moneths
after
K.
Edward
passes
over
to
Calice
with
another
Army
,
where
he
was
met
with
1000
German
&
Flemish
Mercinaries
,
his
Army
consisted
of
3000
men
at
Arms
;
2000
horse-Archers
besides
the
foot
;
London
sent
300
men
at
Armes
and
500
Archers
:
but
this
Army
returned
without
effecting
any
thing
,
for
the
French
king
would
not
fight
.
After
this
,
King
Edward
is
invited
over
into
France
by
the
King
of
Navar
,
whom
the
French
king
had
imprisoned
,
as
we
have
shewed
;
for
this
expedition
fifty
shillings
is
granted
to
the
king
upon
every
sack
of
Wool
for
six
years
:
but
before
he
goeth
to
France
,
he
marcheth
with
an
Army
to
recover
Berwick
which
had
been
taken
by
the
Scots
whilst
he
was
last
at
Calis
;
he
regains
the
Town
,
and
Baliol
resigns
his
share
of
Scotland
to
him
:
In
the
interim
Prince
Edward
wasteth
much
of
the
French
Territories
,
so
that
the
French
king
is
forced
to
raise
another
Army
,
which
encounters
with
the
English
near
Poytiers
,
and
is
overthrown
by
them
;
the
particulars
we
have
set
down
in
the
French
story
:
the
French
king
is
brought
over
to
England
,
and
lodged
in
the
Savoy
:
King
David
of
Scotland
is
ransomed
:
Paris
rebels
against
the
Dolphin
,
causeth
him
to
release
the
king
of
Navar
;
the
Provost
assaults
the
Dolphins
house
with
three
thousand
Artificers
;
he
rusheth
into
his
chamber
,
and
slew
two
Marshals
of
France
,
and
withall
takes
and
puts
on
the
Dolphins
hat
edged
with
gold
on
his
own
head
,
and
sets
his
own
party-coloured
hat
on
the
Dolphins
head
,
and
so
he
goeth
out
,
causing
the
two
dead
bodies
to
be
trailed
along
the
streets
for
the
people
to
gaze
on
:
then
he
writes
to
the
other
Cities
of
France
to
joyn
with
him
,
and
to
take
his
livery
as
the
Dolphin
had
done
;
but
they
refused
:
the
Dolphin
in
the
mean
while
escapes
from
Paris
,
raiseth
an
Army
,
and
quels
the
Parisians
.
These
troubles
hindred
the
Kings
ransome
.
King
Edward
having
kept
the
French
king
four
years
prisoner
,
and
finding
that
there
was
no
haste
to
ransome
him
,
and
that
he
would
not
yeeld
to
do
homage
for
the
kingdome
of
France
,
resolves
to
take
possession
by
the
sword
;
therefore
he
passeth
over
to
Calis
with
a
Fleet
of
eleven
hundred
sail
;
he
divides
his
Army
into
three
battalies
,
one
he
commits
to
the
Prince
,
another
to
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
the
third
he
leads
himself
;
he
marcheth
to
Paris
,
and
took
divers
Towns
by
the
way
;
the
Dutchie
of
Burgoyne
redeems
it self
from
spoil
for
two
hundred
thousand
florins
of
gold
:
the
Dolphin
was
now
at
Paris
which
he
had
mastered
,
king
Edward
could
not
get
him
to
fight
,
wherefore
he
returns
to
Britany
,
where
having
refreshed
and
increased
his
Army
returns
to
Paris
,
which
he
found
so
well
fortified
by
the
Dolphin
that
he
could
do
no
good
on
it
:
at
last
,
being
terrified
with
thunder
,
vows
to
make
his
peace
with
France
,
which
was
done
,
and
king
Iohn
ransomed
:
king
Edward
calls
He
was
visited
shortly
after
by
Iohn
the
French
king
,
who
died
here
,
as
likewise
by
the
king
of
Scots
and
the
king
of
Cyprus
.
Prince
Edward
after
his
going
over
to
Burdeaux
,
assisted
Peter
of
Castile
against
his
brother
Henry
,
whom
the
French
aided
;
he
beat
the
French
,
established
Peter
in
his
Throne
,
and
returned
victorious
to
Burdeaux
;
but
not
long
after
Peter
is
overthrown
and
killed
by
his
brother
,
so
the
Prince
is
deceived
of
the
great
rewards
promised
by
Peter
;
hence
the
souldiers
murmure
for
want
of
their
pay
,
to
pacifie
whom
the
Prince
is
forced
to
raise
taxes
on
the
Country
of
Aquitain
;
complaint
is
made
to
Charles
the
fifth
the
French
king
,
who
summons
the
Prince
to
appear
before
him
at
Paris
,
contrary
to
the
Articles
of
agreement
between
the
two
Kings
,
the
Prince
refuseth
to
come
,
hereupon
most
of
his
Country
revolt
to
the
French
,
so
that
what
king
Edward
with
much
blood
and
treasure
had
been
getting
in
two
years
,
is
lost
in
one
.
After
this
,
the
French
king
sends
a
Navy
to
trouble
the
coast
of
England
:
king
Edward
sends
Iohn
of
Gaunt
with
an
Army
unto
Calis
,
which
marched
without
any
great
opposition
to
Burdeaux
to
the
Prince
his
brother
,
wasting
the
Country
as
he
went
:
another
English
Army
is
sent
unto
St.
Omers
under
Sir
Robert
Knowles
,
depopulating
all
in
his
way
till
he
came
to
Paris
;
he
took
some
Towns
in
the
Earldome
of
Anjou
,
which
again
revolted
to
the
French
upon
a
defeat
given
to
the
English
by
king
Charles
.
King
Edward
upon
this
disorder
,
calls
a
Parliament
,
in
which
the
Temporality
grants
him
a
Subsidie
of
fifteen
thousand
pounds
,
but
refused
by
the
Clergy
,
wherefore
the
king
in
anger
removes
them
from
their
places
of
trust
and
profit
:
the
Prince
being
sickly
returns
home
to
England
,
with
his
wife
and
son
Richard
,
born
at
Burdeaux
,
and
resigns
the
Dutchy
of
Aquitain
to
his
father
;
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
being
left
behinde
,
and
having
buried
his
wife
two
years
before
in
the
great
sickness
,
in
which
also
Queen
Philippa
died
,
he
marrieth
Constance
,
eldest
daughter
to
Peter
king
of
Castile
,
by
whom
hee
had
the
empty
Title
of
King
of
Castile
and
Leon
,
but
their
daughter
Katherine
afterward
became
Queen
of
Castile
and
Leon
,
being
married
to
Henry
3.
who
was
in
possession
:
her
posterity
were
kings
of
Spain
.
Edmund
Earl
of
Cambridge
married
Isabel
king
Peters
youngest
daughter
;
Lionel
Duke
of
Clarence
marrieth
the
Duke
of
Millans
daughter
,
and
shortly
after
died
:
the
other
two
returned
to
England
with
their
wives
.
Rochel
is
besieged
by
sea
and
land
;
the
Earl
of
Pembrook
is
sent
with
forty
ships
well
manned
and
monied
,
but
he
is
defeated
there
by
the
Spanish
Armado
,
and
taken
prisoner
;
King
Edward
sent
forth
an
Army
to
recover
these
losses
,
but
was
beat
back
by
contrary
winds
;
nine
hundred
thousand
marks
spent
in
this
expedition
.
Shortly
after
this
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
lost
his
Army
among
the
mountains
of
France
,
before
he
came
to
Burdeaux
:
the
next
year
he
returns
,
having
effected
nothing
,
but
lost
all
the
Towns
of
Gascoigne
,
except
Burdeau●…
and
Bayon
.
King
Edward
being
supplied
with
a
new
Subsidie
,
desires
to
end
the
quarrel
with
France
by
Treaty
;
two
years
are
spent
about
this
at
●…ruges
,
but
nothing
done
;
for
the
French
demand
Calis
,
and
great
sums
of
money
,
which
could
not
be
granted
:
In
the
mean
time
the
Staple
is
removed
from
Calis
,
because
of
the
danger
of
Merchants
goods
.
Another
Parliament
is
called
at
Westminster
;
the
King
calls
for
money
,
the
people
for
redress
of
abuses
in
his
officers
,
and
that
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
Lord
Latimer
the
Chamberlain
,
Alice
Pierce
the
Kings
Concubine
,
and
some
others
might
be
removed
from
Court
;
to
which
the
King
assented
.
Another
Jubilee
is
kept
in
this
Parliament
,
being
the
fiftieth
year
of
the
Kings
reign
;
another
general
pardon
is
granted
,
onely
William
Wicham
Bishop
of
Winchester
is
excepted
by
procurement
of
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
;
but
this
Jubilee
is
turned
to
sorrow
by
the
death
of
the
Prince
,
upon
which
the
excluded
parties
return
to
Court
,
the
Speaker
of
the
House
of
Commons
la
Mare
is
committed
to
perpetual
imprisonment
at
Nottingham
at
the
suit
of
Alice
Pierce
,
who
now
took
upon
her
to
sit
and
intermedle
in
the
Courts
of
Justice
;
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
now
manageth
all
:
but
to
prevent
mischief
,
Richard
of
Burdeaux
in
Parliament
is
created
Earle
of
Chester
and
Cornwall
,
and
then
Prince
of
Wales
,
lest
Iohn
of
Lancaster
should
supplant
him
;
the
Earl
of
March
is
commanded
by
Lan
caster
over
to
guard
Calis
,
which
he
refuseth
,
therefore
his
Office
of
Marshal
is
given
to
Sir
Henry
Piercy
.
Prince
Richard
is
set
in
the
Kings
seat
in
Parliament
by
Lancaster
,
who
demands
of
the
people
more
Subsidies
,
which
is
denied
till
la
Mare
the
Speaker
be
enlarged
:
then
the
Duke
demands
aid
from
the
Bishops
,
that
is
also
refused
till
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
be
restored
.
At
this
time
Iohn
Wickliffe
,
being
deprived
justly
of
his
Benefice
in
Oxford
by
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
did
begin
to
inveigh
against
the
pride
and
wealth
of
the
Clergy
and
Monks
,
which
hath
at
most
times
been
a
pleasant
doctrine
to
covetous
mindes
;
he
got
presently
store
of
disciples
,
afterward
called
Lollards
,
professing
poverty
,
going
bare-footed
,
and
meanly
apparelled
;
he
taught
,
that
in
times
of
necessity
Lay-men
might
seise
on
the
Churches
and
Monks
revenues
.
These
opinions
he
preached
boldly
,
being
supported
by
Lancaster
and
Piercy
;
wherefore
he
is
cited
to
answer
in
Pauls
before
the
Bishops
:
at
the
day
appointed
he
is
accompanied
by
Lancaster
and
the
Lord
Marshal
,
who
animated
him
against
the
Bishops
;
some
harsh
language
fell
out
between
the
Bishop
of
London
&
Piercy
,
because
he
commanded
Wickliffe
to
sit
down
before
his
Ordinary
;
Lancaster
took
the
Marshals
part
,
who
threatned
to
pull
down
the
pride
of
the
Bishops
,
and
to
pull
London
out
of
the
Church
by
the
hair
of
his
head
;
this
so
exasperated
the
Londoners
,
that
they
vowed
rather
to
lose
their
lives
,
then
suffer
their
Bishop
to
be
thus
used
;
the
more
incensed
they
were
against
the
Duke
,
because
he
threatned
to
take
away
the
Maior
of
Londons
power
.
The
next
morning
the
Citizens
assemble
,
and
being
animated
by
the
Lord
Fitzwater
(
whom
at
first
they
suspected
to
be
their
enemy
)
take
Arms
,
assail
the
Marshals
Inne
,
broke
open
the
gates
,
and
set
a
prisoner
at
liberty
,
but
found
not
the
Marshal
,
who
with
the
Duke
dined
that
day
at
the
Savoy
,
which
by
the
multitude
is
assailed
;
the
Duke
and
Piercy
escape
by
a
boat
,
and
complain
to
the
Princess
,
who
then
was
at
Hennington
near
Lambeth
,
with
the
young
Prince
:
a
Priest
for
speaking
against
Peter
la
Mare
was
wounded
to
death
;
the
people
thinking
he
had
been
the
Marshal
disguised
;
the
Bishop
of
London
was
fain
to
go
himself
and
appease
the
people
,
who
upon
his
exhortation
,
and
being
the
time
of
Lent
,
forbare
to
assault
the
Dukes
house
,
whose
arms
with
the
Marshals
they
hung
up
reversed
in
sign
of
treason
:
they
also
were
perswaded
by
the
Princess
to
make
their
peace
with
the
Duke
,
which
they
assented
to
,
if
he
would
have
permitted
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
and
la
Mare
to
come
to
their
answer
.
They
sent
also
to
the
sick
King
,
excusing
this
tumult
,
and
that
it
was
raised
upon
information
that
the
Londoners
should
lose
their
liberties
,
which
the
King
assures
them
was
never
in
his
thoughts
,
but
rather
to
enlarge
them
.
The
Parliament
considering
the
Kings
wants
,
grants
him
a
Subsidie
,
which
was
to
be
committed
to
certain
Earls
and
Barons
to
see
it
issued
;
every
one
above
the
age
of
14.
years
was
to
pay
four
pence
,
only
Almesmen
excepted
;
every
beneficed
Parson
was
to
pay
12.
pence
,
and
other
religious
persons
four
pence
the
head
.
The
Maior
and
Aldermen
are
brought
to
the
King
at
Shene
,
and
commanded
to
crave
pardon
of
the
Duke
for
their
offences
;
they
again
excuse
their
innocency
,
and
promise
to
bring
in
the
malefactors
who
should
make
satisfaction
,
but
for
all
this
they
were
put
out
of
their
places
,
and
others
put
in
their
room
:
in
the
interim
,
the
Kings
Concubine
and
other
his
attendants
,
perceiving
him
dying
,
snatcht
what
they
could
,
even
the
rings
from
his
fingers
,
and
pack
away
,
leaving
him
alone
with
a
poor
Priest
,
who
willed
him
to
ask
mercy
for
his
offences
,
and
to
remember
his
Saviour
,
which
he
did
,
and
so
died
at
Shene
near
Richmond
the
sixty
fourth
year
of
his
age
,
having
reigned
fifty
years
and
four
months
.
He
founded
East-minster
an
Abbey
near
the
Tower
,
a
Nunnery
at
Detford
,
Kings-hall
in
Cambridge
,
an
Hospital
at
Calice
,
St.
Stevens
Chappel
at
Westminster
,
with
the
endowment
of
three
hundred
pound
per
annum
to
that
Church
,
besides
his
augmenting
of
Windsor
Chappel
,
with
provision
for
the
Church-men
and
poor
Knights
;
He
enlarged
also
Windsor
Castle
,
and
that
of
Queenborough
,
with
the
Fortifications
of
Calice
:
his
wife
built
Queens
Colledge
in
Oxford
,
who
bare
him
seven
sons
,
five
of
them
had
issue
;
Edward
Prince
of
Wales
,
Lionel
Duke
of
Clarence
,
Iohn
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
Edmund
Earl
of
Cambridge
,
Duke
of
York
afterward
,
and
Thomas
of
Woodstock
;
she
had
five
daughters
,
four
lived
to
be
married
;
Isabel
the
eldest
to
Ingelra●…
Earl
of
Soissons
and
Bedford
,
Ioan
to
Alphonso
11.
King
of
Castile
,
Mary
to
Montfort
Duke
of
Britany
,
and
Margaret
to
Hastings
Earl
of
Pembrook
.
Richard
2.
son
to
the
black
Prince
succeeded
,
being
eleven
years
old
.
In
the
first
year
of
his
reign
,
King
Charles
of
France
assisted
by
the
Spaniard
,
ransackt
Plymouth
,
Dartmouth
,
Portsmouth
,
Rye
,
and
other
Maritine
Towns
;
but
they
were
driven
to
their
ships
by
the
Earls
of
Cambridge
,
Buckingham
and
Salisbury
.
Alexander
Ramsey
in
the
night
with
forty
other
Scots
,
scaled
the
walls
of
Berwick
Castle
,
and
took
it
,
intending
also
to
surprise
the
Town
,
but
were
prevented
by
the
Townesmen
,
who
hewed
away
the
stayes
of
Draw-bridge
,
which
fell
into
the
ditch
,
and
so
the
Scots
were
imprisoned
;
the
English
besiege
the
Castle
with
ten
thousand
men
,
at
last
it
was
with
much
difficulty
yeelded
,
Ramsey
onely
was
pardoned
for
his
valour
.
Shortly
after
the
French
land
again
,
who
spoil
Dover
,
Winchelsay
,
Hastings
,
and
Gravesend
,
and
return
home
with
great
booty
:
To
be
revenged
of
these
wrongs
,
a
Parliament
is
called
,
a
Subsidie
granted
of
four
pence
by
every
man
and
woman
above
fourteen
years
of
age
,
(
but
the
levying
of
this
caused
much
trouble
)
eight
thousand
men
are
sent
over
into
France
who
spoil
all
in
their
way
till
they
come
to
Britany
,
where
they
were
kindly
received
by
the
Duke
Iohn
Montfort
.
Upon
the
payment
of
the
foresaid
Subsidie
,
a
dangerous
rebellion
began
,
which
was
promoted
by
Iohn
Wall
a
factious
Priest
,
who
told
the
meaner
sort
of
people
that
they
were
the
sons
of
Adam
,
and
had
as
great
right
to
the
wealth
of
the
land
as
the
chief
Lords
thereof
;
whereupon
multitudes
of
the
baser
sort
both
in
the
City
and
Country
flock
together
,
who
make
Wat
Tyler
a
Taylor
their
Captain
;
Wall
the
Priest
,
Iack
Straw
,
Iack
Shepherd
,
and
others
are
made
their
directors
;
they
march
towards
London
,
rifling
and
pulling
down
the
Lawyers
houses
,
and
force
the
Gentry
either
to
flye
or
joyn
with
them
;
they
beheaded
Sr
Iohn
Cavendish
chief
Justice
of
the
Kings-bench
,
and
Iohn
of
Cambridge
the
Prior
;
causing
the
Covent
to
surrender
up
their
Charters
granted
to
them
by
Canutus
their
Founder
.
They
require
of
the
king
being
then
in
the
Tower
,
to
come
and
speak
with
them
,
who
went
as
far
as
Gravesend
with
his
chief
Lords
;
but
fearing
the
unruliness
of
that
mad
rout
,
ventured
no
further
,
but
returned
to
the
Tower
:
the
next
day
they
came
to
London
,
and
if
the
gates
had
not
been
opened
to
them
,
they
threatned
to
burn
Southwark
,
so
they
are
let
in
,
feasted
,
and
rich
gifts
presented
to
them
to
pacifie
their
fury
;
they
rifled
and
burned
the
Savoy
,
Iohn
of
Gaunts
house
,
killed
all
his
officers
,
robbed
the
Innes
of
Court
,
burned
their
Law-books
,
and
sacrilegiously
rifled
the
Churches
;
they
robbed
all
strangers
about
London
,
and
open
all
the
prisons
.
Wat
Tyler
caused
the
head
of
his
old
Master
,
a
grave
Citizen
,
to
be
struck
off
,
for
some
correction
he
received
of
him
for
his
offences
when
he
served
him
,
his
head
was
born
before
Wat
upon
a
Lance
:
they
grew
to
be
sixty
thousand
in
number
,
and
affrighted
the
king
,
as
they
lay
at
S.
Katherines
near
the
Tower.
The
next
morning
the
king
goeth
to
Mile-end
Green
to
speak
with
the
Rebels
;
in
the
interim
Wat
Tylar
enters
the
Tower
with
forty
more
,
robs
the
kings
mother
and
broke
her
head
,
and
beheaded
Simon
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
because
upon
the
beginning
of
this
commotion
he
had
imprisoned
Iohn
Wall.
At
Mile-end
Green
they
desire
the
King
,
that
they
and
their
posterity
might
be
made
Free-men
,
which
the
king
granted
,
and
gave
them
his
Banners
for
their
safe
conduct
,
and
withall
pardons
them
;
this
promise
the
king
performs
by
instruments
in
writing
;
but
Wat
Tyler
,
with
twenty
thousand
,
resolves
first
to
ransack
and
burn
London
,
and
so
they
come
to
Smithfield
,
the
king
repairs
thither
promising
them
pardon
and
liberty
;
Tyler
demands
the
kings
sword
from
the
Esquire
that
bare
it
;
the
Esquire
told
him
,
that
the
kings
sword
should
not
be
given
to
a
knave
;
whereupon
Tyler
swore
to
have
his
head
off
before
he
did
eat
and
drink
:
Iohn
Hadley
Maior
of
London
then
with
the
King
,
drew
his
sword
and
cut
Tyler
in
the
head
,
and
felled
him
to
the
ground
;
upon
this
,
the
rest
resolve
to
be
revenged
for
their
Captains
death
:
the
Londoners
to
save
themselves
and
the
King
,
sent
him
an
Army
of
eight
thousand
men
;
before
they
gave
the
charge
,
the
King
desires
the
Rebels
to
submit
,
or
else
to
redeliver
his
Banners
,
pardons
and
manumissions
,
which
being
in
scorn
redelivered
,
the
king
in
their
view
caused
them
to
be
cancelled
and
torn
,
which
so
discouraged
the
rout
,
that
they
ran
all
away
,
the
chief
of
which
were
by
their
companions
delivered
to
justice
afterward
,
who
with
fifteen
hundred
more
were
put
to
cruel
deaths
.
After
this
,
the
king
married
Anne
sister
to
Wenceslaus
the
Emperour
;
then
calls
a
Parliament
,
in
which
his
two
uncles
,
Edmund
of
Langley
is
made
Duke
Glocester
;
Henry
of
Bullingbrook
son
to
Iohn
of
Gaunt
,
is
made
Earl
of
Derby
;
Edward
Plantagenet
son
to
Edmund
of
Langley
,
is
created
Earl
of
Rutland
.
At
this
time
the
king
was
mi●…ed
by
his
favourites
,
De
la
Pool
the
Chancellour
,
whom
he
made
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
and
De
Vere
Earl
of
Oxford
,
and
Marquess
of
Dublin
,
whom
he
would
have
made
Duke
of
Ireland
,
if
his
Lords
had
consented
thereunto
:
he
caused
his
cousin
Sir
Roger
Mortimer
,
Earl
of
March
,
son
to
the
daughter
of
Lionel
Duke
of
Clarence
,
to
be
proclaimed
heir
apparent
to
the
Crown
,
but
he
was
afterward
slain
in
Ireland
by
the
Rebels
.
The
king
now
slights
his
Nobility
and
their
counsel
,
and
intended
to
surprise
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
with
the
Earls
of
Warwick
and
Arundel
at
a
banquet
,
but
was
prevented
by
the
Maior
of
London
;
and
afterward
in
Parliament
,
they
were
so
strongly
guarded
,
that
he
could
not
seise
on
them
:
De
la
Pool
demands
four
fifteens
for
the
king
,
which
is
denied
by
the
Parliament
,
who
declare
,
that
as
the
king
once
a
year
may
call
a
Parliament
,
so
the
Members
thereof
may
break
up
and
depart
,
if
the
king
absent
himself
for
forty
dayes
together
;
they
demand
also
la
Pool
to
prison
for
his
wicked
counsels
,
and
require
an
account
of
the
kings
revenues
how
they
were
wasted
;
the
king
requires
fifty
of
their
choisest
men
to
be
sent
him
to
consult
with
,
which
is
refused
,
shewing
that
publike
affairs
must
be
handled
publikely
in
Parliament
:
the
king
at
this
was
so
incensed
,
that
he
swore
he
would
rather
subject
himself
to
France
then
to
his
own
subjects
;
the
two
Lords
which
were
sent
to
him
,
namely
,
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
and
Thomas
Arundel
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
so
qualified
the
king
,
that
he
returns
to
his
Parliament
,
and
then
was
De
la
Pool
condemned
,
fined
and
imprisoned
for
cousening
the
King
,
to
whom
all
his
lands
are
given
,
and
twenty
thousand
marks
besides
,
his
Chancellorship
taken
from
him
,
and
bestowed
upon
Canterbury
;
thirteen
Commissioners
are
appointed
to
examine
the
Kings
officers
concerning
their
behaviour
,
this
the
King
swears
to
allow
;
all
that
should
perswade
the
King
to
the
contrary
,
should
be
executed
as
Traitors
:
so
a
Subsidie
of
one
half
fifteen
is
granted
.
The
Parliament
being
ended
,
La
Pool
,
and
De
Vere
Duke
of
Ireland
,
with
divers
others
are
released
by
the
King
;
and
at
Notingham
the
Kings
uncle
Thomas
of
Woodstock
,
and
Thomas
Arundel
Archbishop
,
are
pronounced
by
the
kings
Judges
guilty
of
High-treason
:
the
Nobility
petition
the
king
that
he
would
ratifie
his
former
oath
,
and
thrust
his
evil
Counsellours
from
him
,
which
he
refused
to
do
:
hereupon
the
Lords
raise
a
strong
Army
,
which
these
evil
Counsellours
perceiving
,
perswade
the
king
to
surrender
Calice
to
the
French
,
whereby
he
shall
reconcile
himself
to
France
,
and
shall
master
his
Lords
,
who
otherwaies
will
master
him
;
but
the
king
would
not
hearken
unto
this
counsel
,
yet
endeavours
to
curb
his
Lords
,
by
commanding
the
Maior
of
London
to
raise
him
a
speedy
Army
of
fifty
thousand
men
;
but
the
wiser
Londoners
would
not
yeeld
that
they
should
take
Arms
against
the
kings
faithful
Lords
,
who
advised
him
to
nothing
but
what
tended
to
his
and
his
kingdomes
happiness
:
hereupon
the
king
relents
,
and
sends
to
his
Lords
,
acquainting
them
that
he
would
call
a
Parliament
,
in
which
his
favourites
should
be
brought
to
answer
to
their
accusers
,
and
to
be
punished
,
if
guilty
:
upon
this
the
Lords
disband
their
Army
,
which
the
King
perceiving
,
caused
Robert
de
Nicholas
Brembre
lost
their
heads
,
Tresilian
the
chief
Justice
was
hanged
at
Tiburn
;
the
other
Judges
were
spared
upon
the
Queens
importunity
,
but
banished
.
The
truce
between
England
and
France
being
near
an
end
,
the
French
Admiral
is
sent
into
Scotland
with
a
thousand
of
the
French
Gentry
and
Nobility
,
and
two
thousand
Arms
;
these
were
slighted
by
the
Country
people
who
loved
not
wars
,
but
were
entertained
by
the
Scots
Army
,
which
consisted
of
thirty
thousand
,
these
march
into
England
wasting
all
before
them
;
but
hearing
that
the
King
was
marching
towards
them
with
sixty
thousand
Archers
,
and
eight
thousand
men
at
Arms
,
they
went
over
the
mountains
into
Wales
using
there
all
kinde
of
hostility
,
as
king
Richard
used
the
like
in
Scotland
,
having
sacked
and
burned
some
of
their
chief
Towns.
When
the
Scots
Army
returned
home
,
the
Country
people
were
mad
at
the
French
for
comming
thither
,
knowing
that
France
had
engaged
Scotland
in
these
wars
to
serve
their
own
turns
,
and
not
for
the
good
of
Scotland
;
whereupon
they
strip
the
French
of
their
horses
,
arms
and
money
,
and
so
sent
them
home
;
the
Admiral
and
some
other
honourable
Personages
they
kept
as
pawns
,
till
satisfaction
was
made
for
their
losses
in
this
war.
The
French
king
sent
the
money
that
was
demanded
,
and
so
the
Admiral
,
Barons
,
and
Gentry
are
dismissed
.
The
French
king
pretending
to
conquer
England
,
rigs
out
twelve
hundred
ships
with
a
formidable
Army
;
king
Richard
prepares
to
welcome
him
with
a
hundred
thousand
fighting
men
.
The
French
Army
is
accursed
by
their
own
Country-men
for
their
plunderings
as
they
marched
;
and
when
they
came
to
the
Low-countries
,
for
want
of
food
they
sold
their
arms
,
horses
and
cloaths
,
for
their
numbers
were
so
great
,
and
the
Duke
of
Berry
the
kings
uncle
,
who
liked
not
this
expedition
,
was
so
slow
in
comming
,
and
the
French
were
grown
so
odious
for
their
outrages
in
those
Countries
,
that
this
great
Army
dissolved
and
came
to
nothing
.
After
this
the
Scots
invade
England
,
king
Richard
prepares
to
go
against
them
;
but
by
the
mediation
of
forreign
Princes
,
a
truce
for
three
years
is
concluded
between
England
,
Scotland
and
France
,
and
afterward
enlarged
to
four
years
more
:
and
now
king
Richard
having
made
peace
with
his
neigbours
,
sends
Iohn
of
Gaunt
his
uncle
with
an
Army
into
Spain
,
to
demand
the
kingdome
of
Castile
in
right
of
his
wife
Constance
eldest
daughter
to
king
Peter
;
in
this
expedition
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
carried
himself
so
bravely
,
that
the
king
of
Spain
married
the
Dukes
eldest
daughter
by
his
said
wife
,
and
gave
him
eight
waggons
laden
with
gold
,
and
a
yearly
pension
of
ten
thousand
marks
;
and
then
the
Duke
married
his
youngest
daughter
to
the
king
of
Portugal
,
who
had
aided
him
in
these
wars
,
and
then
returned
home
with
wealth
and
honour
.
In
this
interim
the
king
and
Pope
quarrelled
,
and
then
it
was
in
Parliament
enacted
,
that
the
Popes
authority
should
here
cease
,
and
no
more
appeals
be
made
to
Rome
upon
the
penalty
of
a
Praemunire
extending
to
perpetual
imprisonment
,
and
forfeiture
of
lands
and
goods
.
Shortly
after
Queen
Anne
died
,
and
two
years
after
this
the
king
married
to
Isabel
daughter
of
Charles
6.
of
France
,
which
caused
a
peace
of
thirty
years
;
the
two
kings
met
between
Calice
and
Arde
,
and
then
did
the
king
surrender
Brest
to
the
Duke
of
Britain
,
a
place
which
had
cost
much
English
blood
.
Thomas
of
Woodstock
reproves
the
King
for
this
,
and
so
procures
his
anger
,
which
set
the
King
upon
plotting
his
death
,
who
also
intends
to
destroy
his
Barons
;
for
he
was
made
believe
,
that
if
he
did
so
,
he
should
be
made
Emperour
:
upon
this
,
Glocester
,
Arundel
and
Warwick
are
apprehended
,
and
then
he
calls
a
Parliament
,
in
which
Iohn
Bush
Speaker
in
the
lower
House
,
in
a
flattering
speech
impeacheth
the
Lords
,
and
chiefly
Thomas
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
of
Treason
,
who
was
counselled
by
the
King
to
absent
himself
,
with
an
oath
and
promise
that
he
should
receive
no
prejudice
,
yet
for
want
of
his
presence
to
answer
for
himself
,
is
condemned
and
banished
;
Arundel
is
beheaded
;
Warwick
upon
his
submission
and
repentance
is
confined
to
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
where
he
died
in
great
want
and
misery
;
the
Duke
of
Glocester
is
sent
to
Calice
,
though
unsentenced
,
Bullinbrook
,
Iohn
of
Gaunts
son
and
heir
,
Duke
of
Hartford
,
his
cousin
Ed.
Plantagenet
Duke
of
Aubemarle
,
and
Thomas
Mowbray
Marshal
of
England
,
with
divers
others
,
on
whom
he
bestowed
the
lands
belonging
to
his
uncle
Thomas
of
Woodstock
,
and
to
the
two
deceased
Earls
of
Arundel
and
of
Warwick
;
he
granted
also
pardon
to
all
except
fifteen
whom
he
would
not
nominate
,
to
keep
his
Nobility
in
fear
,
lest
any
of
them
might
be
one
of
the
fifteen
.
Bullinbrook
Duke
of
Hartford
being
grieved
at
the
Kings
mis-government
,
acquainted
Mowbray
Duke
of
Norfolk
therewith
,
purposely
that
he
might
inform
the
King
;
with
this
he
treacherously
mis-informs
the
King
,
as
if
Bullinbrook
aimed
to
dishonour
the
King
,
which
was
not
his
intention
;
wherefore
Hartford
is
sent
for
,
and
confesseth
to
the
king
what
he
said
,
but
denied
the
untrue
suggestions
which
were
added
,
and
to
clear
himself
challengeth
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
to
a
duel
,
which
was
accepted
,
the
king
did
not
suffer
them
to
fight
,
but
exiled
the
Duke
of
Hartford
for
six
years
,
and
banished
Norfolk
for
ever
;
Hartford
is
honourably
received
in
France
by
king
Charles
6.
on
whom
for
his
excellent
parts
,
he
would
have
bestowed
his
uncles
daughter
the
Duke
of
Berry
in
marriage
,
had
not
king
Richard
hindred
it
.
Not
long
after
this
,
Duke
Hartfords
father
Iohn
of
Gaunt
died
,
whose
lands
and
moveables
the
king
seised
on
,
and
bestowed
them
on
his
sycophants
;
for
which
unjust
dealing
,
his
uncle
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
the
Duke
of
Aubemar
le
his
cousin
forsook
the
Court.
Shortly
after
the
king
farmeth
out
his
kingdome
to
his
favourites
,
raiseth
an
Army
and
saileth
into
Ireland
,
which
he
subdued
.
In
his
absence
,
Hartford
,
with
Thomas
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
returns
into
England
to
make
claim
to
his
Dutchy
of
Lancaster
;
at
his
landing
,
both
Lords
and
Commons
flock
to
him
in
such
numbers
,
that
he
had
quickly
a
great
Army
,
which
he
leads
to
London
,
where
he
is
feasted
,
thence
he
marcheth
Westward
.
K.
Richard
being
returned
,
and
perceiving
the
Dukes
strength
,
and
that
Scrope
Earl
of
Wiltshire
,
with
Bush
and
Green
his
three
evil
Counsellours
had
lost
their
The
authentick
copy
of
these
Articles
is
sent
to
the
King
,
who
confessed
them
,
and
his
own
insufficiency
in
government
,
and
withall
under
his
hand
and
seal
resigns
his
Crown
to
his
cousin
Henry
of
Bullingbrook
Duke
of
Lancaster
:
which
being
read
and
approved
by
the
Parliament
,
King
Richard
is
deposed
,
and
the
said
Duke
made
King
,
who
was
installed
by
Arundel
Archbishop
,
his
companion
in
banishment
:
then
was
king
Richard
sent
to
Pomfret
Castle
;
but
shortly
after
by
the
new
kings
command
,
who
thought
himself
unsafe
whilst
Richard
lived
,
he
was
treacherously
murthered
;
Sir
Pierce
Exton
,
and
eight
other
armed
men
more
set
upon
him
,
from
one
of
whom
he
wrested
a
brownbill
,
and
therewith
slew
four
of
them
,
then
fought
with
all
the
rest
,
till
the
cowardly
knight
struck
him
in
the
hinder
part
of
his
head
with
a
pole-axe
,
of
which
blow
he
presently
died
:
king
Henry
caused
to
be
proclaimed
,
that
he
was
lawful
king
by
conquest
,
by
resignation
,
and
by
inheritance
as
next
heir
to
king
Richard
:
But
indeed
Edmund
Mortimer
Earl
of
March
,
son
to
that
Roger
who
was
slain
in
Ireland
,
and
declared
heir
to
the
Crown
by
king
Richard
,
had
more
right
,
as
being
descended
from
Lionel
Duke
of
Clarence
,
eldest
brother
to
Iohn
Duke
of
Lancaster
king
Henries
father
,
and
third
son
to
Edward
the
third
;
but
he
perceiving
that
there
was
no
contesting
against
the
sword
and
possession
,
betook
himself
to
a
private
life
,
wherein
is
lesse
glory
,
but
more
security
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
The
history
of
Scotland
from
the
year
1306.
till
the
year
1377.
RObert
Bruce
having
made
his
peace
with
the
Pope
for
killing
Cumin
in
the
Church
,
got
himself
to
be
crowned
at
Scone
,
but
he
had
hard
beginnings
;
Iohn
Cumin
Earl
of
Buchan
hearing
of
Bruce
his
successe
,
raiseth
an
Army
of
Scots
and
English
,
and
marcheth
towards
Bruce
;
but
finding
how
resolute
the
Bruceans
were
,
and
that
he
could
not
confide
in
his
own
Army
,
because
many
favoured
Bruce
,
he
makes
a
truce
with
him
,
in
the
interim
sends
for
more
forces
out
of
England
.
Shortly
after
king
Edward
dieth
,
and
king
Bruce
falls
desperately
sick
,
whereupon
Cumin
raiseth
an
Army
,
hoping
that
either
Bruce
was
dead
,
or
unable
to
fight
,
and
therefore
a
fit
time
to
set
upon
his
forces
;
but
he
knowing
how
needful
the
presence
of
a
Commander
was
in
an
Army
,
causeth
himself
to
be
set
on
horseback
,
though
unable
to
sit
but
as
he
was
upheld
by
two
of
his
servants
;
this
sight
so
encouraged
his
souldiers
,
that
they
fought
desperately
,
and
defeated
Cumins
Army
near
Ennernry
.
Shortly
after
Bruce
recovered
his
health
,
and
led
his
Army
into
Argile
,
which
he
plundered
,
and
drove
Alexander
Lord
thereof
into
England
,
where
he
died
in
great
want
.
Galloway
also
is
subdued
by
King
Roberts
brother
Edward
Bruce
.
The
report
of
Bruce
his
victories
drew
King
Edward
2.
of
England
with
his
Army
into
Scotland
,
which
was
increased
by
the
Scots
that
adhered
to
England
,
but
this
great
preparation
came
to
nothing
;
for
the
English
for
want
of
provision
were
forced
to
retreat
,
King
Robert
having
removed
all
the
corn
and
cattel
thereabouts
to
places
of
safety
.
The
next
year
Bruce
having
regained
the
Forts
which
the
English
held
Robert
;
Roseburgh
,
Edinburgh-Castle
,
and
other
strong
holds
,
with
the
Isle
of
Man
are
surrendred
.
The
English
that
were
in
Sterling
Castle
,
being
besieged
by
Edward
Bruce
,
capitulated
to
surrender
within
a
year
,
if
no
supply
came
from
England
in
that
time
,
which
was
assented
to
by
Edward
,
for
which
King
Robert
was
angry
,
yet
yeelded
to
the
conditions
that
he
might
not
dishearten
his
brother
.
In
the
mean
time
King
Edward
of
England
provides
an
Army
of
one
hundred
thousand
men
,
consisting
of
English
,
Scots
,
French
,
Flemings
,
and
Hollanders
:
The
Scots
Army
under
Bruce
was
thirty
thousand
,
these
pitch
their
camp
near
the
English
by
Bannocbarn
,
two
miles
from
Sterling
;
before
the
battel
the
English
send
eight
hundred
horse
towards
Sterling
,
which
were
encountred
and
defeated
by
five
hundred
Scots
horse
under
Iames
Douglasse
:
the
next
morning
isappointed
for
the
main
encounter
,
the
Scots
are
divided
into
three
battels
,
the
right
wing
was
led
by
the
Kings
brother
,
the
left
by
Randolph
,
and
the
main
battel
by
the
King
himself
;
the
particulars
of
this
fight
we
have
shewed
in
the
English
story
,
onely
here
is
one
passage
not
touched
there
,
to
wit
,
that
the
English
perceiving
afar
off
upon
the
mountaines
the
Scotch
Carriages
with
great
store
of
cattel
,
and
servants
that
attended
on
the
Army
,
supposed
fresh
forces
had
been
comming
to
assist
the
Scots
;
this
conceit
,
after
the
overthrow
they
had
in
the
ditches
,
so
disheartned
them
,
that
they
betook
themselves
to
a
disorderly
flight
,
in
which
multitudes
were
killed
and
taken
;
so
great
was
the
loss
,
that
for
three
years
after
the
English
were
quiet
,
though
provoked
divers
times
by
the
Scots
incursions
upon
England
,
200
of
the
English
Nobility
and
Gentry
were
slain
,
about
as
many
more
taken
prisoners
;
the
King
escaped
by
means
of
the
Earl
of
March
into
Dunbar
,
and
from
thence
to
Barwick
,
whom
Douglas
pursued
with
four
hundred
horse
,
but
could
not
overtake
him
;
in
this
battel
four
thousand
Scots
were
slain
,
of
the
English
fifty
thousand
;
Sterling-Castle
,
according
to
promise
,
is
surrendred
.
About
this
time
Iohn
Monteth
,
who
for
betraying
Wallis
was
made
Governour
of
Dunbritton
Castle
by
the
English
,
intended
by
surrendring
that
Castle
to
King
Robert
,
to
have
surprised
him
,
for
he
hid
had
a
great
many
English
in
a
low
wine-cellar
,
who
should
have
suddenly
seised
on
the
King
at
dinner
,
and
transported
him
to
England
in
a
ship
which
they
had
ready
for
that
purpose
;
the
plot
was
discovered
to
the
King
by
a
Lock-smith
;
at
the
day
appointed
the
Castle
is
surrendred
,
and
by
Monteth
the
King
is
invited
to
dinner
,
who
desired
first
to
see
what
store
of
wine
was
in
the
Cellar
;
after
some
tergiversations
used
by
Monteth
,
the
cellar-door
is
broken
open
,
and
the
English
Souldiers
brought
out
,
who
having
confessed
the
plot
,
were
put
to
death
,
and
Monteth
imprisoned
,
but
his
life
spared
,
because
he
was
allied
to
some
great
men
,
whom
the
King
at
that
time
would
not
offend
.
The
next
Spring
Barwick
is
taken
by
the
Scots
,
having
been
twenty
years
in
the
English
possession
:
then
a
Parliament
is
called
at
Ayer
,
in
which
the
Kingdom
is
confirmed
upon
Robert
;
and
because
he
had
but
one
daughter
,
to
avoid
more
controversies
about
the
title
to
the
Kingdome
,
it
was
decreed
that
Edward
the
Kings
brother
,
after
his
decease
,
should
succeed
,
and
his
children
;
but
if
he
should
die
chiidless
,
that
then
Mary
the
kings
daughter
and
her
posterity
should
inherit
,
therefore
they
think
of
providing
a
fit
husband
for
her
.
After
this
,
Edward
Bruce
is
sent
over
to
Ireland
with
an
Army
,
where
he
is
made
king
,
and
presently
subdueth
Ulster
,
then
marcheth
with
his
Army
through
the
West
of
Ireland
;
an
Army
is
sent
thither
from
England
;
king
Bruce
goeth
himself
into
Ireland
with
another
Army
to
aide
his
brother
,
who
was
already
defeated
and
killed
by
the
English
before
he
could
come
to
help
him
.
King
Edward
of
England
understanding
that
king
Bruce
and
much
of
the
Scotish
strength
was
in
Ireland
,
sends
an
Army
into
Scotland
,
which
was
defeated
by
Douglas
,
Governour
of
the
Marches
;
this
Land-Army
miscarrying
,
the
English
Fleet
land
their
Sea
forces
,
and
infest
the
coast
;
the
Earl
of
Fife
with
five
hundred
horse
went
to
encounter
them
,
but
seeing
the
English
stronger
then
he
thought
;
was
retreating
,
but
being
met
by
the
Bishop
of
Dunkel
with
sixty
horse
,
was
encouraged
by
him
to
return
against
the
English
;
and
with
that
the
Martial
Bishop
takes
his
Lance
,
puts
spurs
to
his
horse
,
and
with
his
company
falls
furiously
on
the
English
,
whom
he
routed
,
many
of
whom
by
pressing
into
the
boats
,
were
drowned
about
five
hundred
;
this
Bishop
Sinclar
ever
after
was
called
the
Kings
Bishop
.
That
Summer
the
English
besiege
Barwick
,
and
the
Scots
march
as
far
as
York
wasting
all
before
them
;
the
Archbishop
of
that
place
raiseth
an
Army
of
Priests
,
Artificers
,
and
Husbandmen
,
all
which
were
overthrown
by
the
Scots
;
the
Archbishop
with
a
few
more
escaped
;
this
was
called
the
white
battel
,
because
in
it
so
many
Priests
were
slain
.
King
Edward
hearing
of
this
defeat
,
raised
his
siege
from
Barwick
,
and
returned
with
his
Army
into
England
,
and
then
a
short
truce
was
made
between
the
two
Kings
.
King
Robert
after
this
calls
a
Parliament
,
in
which
he
wills
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
to
shew
by
what
evidences
they
held
their
Lands
;
at
this
they
were
much
troubled
,
most
of
them
having
lost
their
evidences
in
the
late
wars
;
therefore
suddenly
they
all
stood
up
in
Parliament
,
and
drew
their
swords
,
crying
out
that
they
had
their
evidences
in
their
hands
;
the
King
at
this
was
very
angry
,
yet
smothered
it
,
till
he
found
a
time
to
revenge
himself
,
which
shortly
after
fell
out
,
for
many
of
the
Lords
being
guilty
,
and
fearing
the
Kings
wrath
,
conspire
to
betray
the
kingdome
to
the
English
;
the
King
hears
of
the
plots
,
divers
Letters
are
found
to
that
purpose
,
whereupon
the
plotters
are
apprehended
,
a
Parliament
called
,
and
the
Letters
produced
,
so
all
of
them
are
condemned
of
High-treason
,
among
whom
was
David
Brechen
the
Kings
sisters
son
;
many
were
grieved
at
his
punishment
,
because
of
his
blood
,
youth
,
courage
,
and
strength
of
body
,
who
had
done
good
service
in
the
Holy-war
,
and
because
he
was
no
actor
in
this
plot
,
but
onely
concealed
it
.
About
this
time
came
the
Popes
Legats
,
upon
king
Edwards
procurement
,
to
mediate
a
peace
between
the
two
kingdomes
,
which
when
the
Scots
would
not
yield
to
,
they
are
excommunicated
,
who
to
shew
how
little
they
regarded
this
excommunication
,
follow
the
Legats
as
they
were
returning
into
England
with
an
Army
,
spoiling
all
in
their
way
with
fire
and
sword
;
King
Edward
in
requital
of
this
wrong
,
marcheth
into
Scotland
with
an
Army
,
but
provisions
failing
them
,
they
were
forced
to
return
,
for
King
Robert
had
conveyed
all
provision
into
Garrisons
and
the
mountaines
;
the
English
in
their
return
spoil
and
burn
some
Monasteries
;
the
Scots
follow
and
destroy
all
as
far
as
York
,
so
that
K.
Edward
hardly
escapes
,
his
Army
being
defeated
,
so
the
Scots
return
with
rich
spoils
,
and
king
Edwards
Treasure
.
After
this
,
the
Scots
send
away
two
Embassadours
,
one
to
the
Pope
to
appease
his
anger
,
which
was
quickly
effected
,
when
he
understood
that
without
ground
King
Edward
the
1.
had
begun
this
war
in
claiming
superiority
over
Scotland
,
which
was
a
free
kingdome
:
the
other
Embassadour
was
sent
to
France
,
to
renew
the
old
League
,
which
was
also
done
,
and
withall
it
was
agreed
,
that
if
any
controversie
should
arise
about
the
Title
of
the
Crown
,
the
Parliament
should
decide
it
,
and
whom
they
elected
the
French
king
would
maintaine
.
About
this
time
,
one
Hanton
an
English
Gentleman
,
for
commending
king
Robert
Bruce
,
was
hurt
by
one
Spencer
,
whom
the
next
day
he
killed
,
and
with
that
fled
into
Scotland
,
where
he
was
rewarded
by
king
Robert
with
large
Territories
,
and
made
a
Peer
of
the
land
,
from
him
came
the
family
of
the
Hamiltons
.
King
Edward
of
England
being
murthered
,
and
king
Robert
growing
old
,
a
Parliament
is
called
,
in
which
King
Roberts
young
son
is
confirmed
his
successor
,
to
whom
Robert
Stuart
the
kings
Nephew
by
his
sister
was
to
succeed
,
if
his
own
son
should
die
without
issue
;
and
to
avoid
all
future
quarrels
about
the
Crown
,
Iames
Douglas
is
sent
to
Iohn
Baliol
in
France
with
some
presents
,
to
the
end
he
might
resign
his
title
to
the
Crown
,
which
he
did
willingly
,
acknowledging
the
wrong
he
had
done
in
accepting
that
Crown
;
and
Robert
Bruce
.
King
Edward
the
third
of
England
sends
Embassadors
into
Scotland
to
conclude
a
peace
;
but
the
Scots
perceiving
some
fraudulent
dealing
,
instead
of
making
peace
,
proclaimed
war
with
England
:
Thomas
Randulph
and
Iames
Douglas
are
sent
into
England
with
twenty
thousand
horse
without
foot
,
that
they
might
run
through
the
Countrey
without
impediment
;
King
Edward
provides
an
Army
of
sixty
thousand
Dutch
and
English
;
Carlile
and
Newcastle
are
guarded
to
keep
in
the
Scots
from
passing
the
river
,
but
in
vain
,
for
they
passed
the
river
where
it
was
fordable
;
the
two
Armies
were
within
three
miles
of
each
other
eight
dayes
together
,
before
either
knew
of
it
,
by
reason
of
stormes
,
rain
,
and
overflowing
of
the
Rivers
,
onely
the
English
were
alarm'd
divers
times
in
the
night
by
the
Stags
running
in
heards
to
and
fro
,
which
they
thought
had
been
the
enemy
;
at
last
the
English
found
that
the
Scotch
Army
was
pitched
on
the
side
of
a
hill
,
from
which
they
could
not
perswade
them
to
come
down
into
even
ground
;
but
one
night
the
Scots
perceiving
the
English
Army
careless
,
Douglas
is
sent
with
two
hundred
choise
horse
,
which
got
through
the
Army
even
to
the
Kings
Tent
,
and
had
cut
two
cords
thereof
;
but
the
Alarm
being
suddenly
given
,
the
Scots
returned
safe
to
their
own
Camp
,
having
killed
three
hundred
of
the
enemy
:
the
English
expecting
hourly
when
the
Scots
would
give
onset
,
at
last
they
understood
that
Douglas
with
all
his
forces
were
marched
back
into
Scotland
,
the
English
resolve
to
return
home
likewise
;
and
not
long
after
Embassadours
are
sent
The
next
year
,
in
a
Parliament
at
Northampton
peace
is
made
with
the
Scots
,
the
Articles
we
have
mentioned
in
the
English
story
.
King
Robert
having
celebrated
the
marriage
of
his
son
with
the
king
of
Englands
sister
,
and
being
now
aged
and
sickly
,
he
commits
the
Government
of
the
kingdom
to
Tho.
Randulph
his
sisters
son
,
and
Iames
Douglas
,
and
betakes
himself
to
a
private
life
,
then
he
makes
his
will
,
in
which
he
names
David
his
son
his
successor
,
being
now
eight
years
old
,
and
next
to
him
Robert
Stuart
;
he
exhorted
his
Lords
to
mutual
love
,
and
wished
them
rather
to
send
yearly
Governours
unto
the
Islands
called
Aebudae
,
then
to
appoint
one
Lord
over
them
,
because
there
would
be
less
corruption
,
and
more
quietness
;
likewise
that
they
should
not
in
their
wars
with
England
hazard
all
upon
one
battel
,
but
rather
tire
them
with
alarms
and
skirmishes
;
and
lastly
he
forbids
them
to
make
long
peace
with
England
,
lest
for
want
of
Military
exercise
they
grow
either
careless
and
effeminate
,
or
else
fall
out
into
intestine
quarrels
;
he
recommends
also
to
Iames
Douglas
his
Vow
which
he
had
made
for
an
Expedition
into
the
Holy-Land
,
which
by
reason
of
his
age
and
troubles
he
could
not
perform
,
therefore
wisheth
him
to
carry
his
Heart
to
Ierusalem
,
there
to
be
interred
,
which
Iames
undertook
the
next
year
with
a
company
of
resolute
young
Gallants
,
who
joyn
themselves
with
the
king
of
Arragon
being
then
ready
for
the
same
Expedition
;
in
this
war
against
the
Sarazens
he
did
good
service
,
but
at
last
rushing
too
desperately
upon
the
enemy
neer
an
Ambush
,
he
lost
his
life
;
king
Robert
was
Randulph
Earl
of
Murrey
is
made
Protector
,
as
the
king
had
ordained
;
he
so
cleared
the
kingdome
of
theeves
,
High-way-robbers
,
and
idle
wanderers
,
that
the
country-people
could
securely
keep
open
their
doors
,
and
leave
their
rural
utensils
all
night
in
the
open
fields
;
if
any
goods
were
lost
,
the
Country
Justices
were
to
make
reparation
,
and
the
king
to
satisfie
them
out
of
the
goods
of
those
that
were
found
guilty
;
one
cunning-fellow
had
stole
his
own
goods
,
went
to
the
Justice
for
reparation
,
which
he
had
,
but
after
being
found
to
be
stealer
of
his
own
goods
,
he
was
hanged
for
his
labour
,
and
all
his
estate
confiscate
;
it
was
lawful
for
any
publike
Officer
to
kill
him
that
made
resistance
.
King
Edward
of
England
perceiving
he
could
do
no
good
upon
Scotland
so
long
as
this
wise
and
vigilant
Viceroy
was
alive
,
sent
a
Monk
who
professed
Physick
thither
,
who
understanding
that
Randulph
was
troubled
with
the
Stone
,
got
access
to
speak
with
him
,
and
undertook
the
cure
;
Physick
is
given
mixt
with
poison
,
which
wrought
gently
;
the
Monk
pretending
he
wanted
some
drugs
,
got
money
to
buy
them
,
and
to
defray
his
charges
,
he
returns
to
king
Edward
,
assures
him
that
by
such
a
day
Randulph
would
be
dead
;
upon
this
an
Army
is
levied
,
and
sent
into
Scotland
;
king
Edward
sends
spies
to
view
the
Scots
posture
,
who
finding
they
had
an
Army
,
and
that
the
Viceroy
was
there
yet
alive
,
return
and
acquaint
king
Edward
therewith
,
who
causeth
the
lying
Monk
to
be
punished
,
and
the
Army
to
retreat
,
leaving
some
Garrisons
on
the
borders
to
keep
off
excursions
;
Randulph
not
being
able
,
because
of
his
sickness
to
pursue
the
enemy
,
disbands
his
Forces
,
and
presently
after
died
at
Musselburg
,
having
been
Viceroy
two
years
.
The
King
now
being
but
ten
years
old
,
Duncan
Earl
of
Marre
is
elected
Protector
:
that
very
day
newes
is
brought
,
that
Edward
Baliol
was
entred
the
Forth
with
a
great
Fleet
of
Ships
;
he
had
been
encouraged
by
one
Laurence
Twine
an
English-man
,
who
lived
in
Scotland
,
but
for
his
misdemeanors
was
forced
to
flie
over
to
France
;
he
acquaints
Baliol
of
the
distractions
in
Scotland
,
of
the
weakness
of
the
King
,
and
the
sickness
of
his
Protector
Randulph
,
of
the
aide
which
he
should
have
from
King
Edward
,
and
of
many
friends
he
should
find
in
Scotland
;
upon
these
perswasions
,
Baliol
obtains
a
Fleet
of
ships
and
six
thousand
men
from
King
Edward
:
As
Baliol
was
landing
his
men
at
Kinghorn
,
Alexander
Seaton
a
Nobleman
of
those
parts
,
with
some
Forces
opposeth
him
,
but
Seaton
was
killed
with
a
great
part
of
his
Forces
;
Baliol
having
refreshed
his
Souldiers
,
which
now
were
increased
to
ten
thousand
,
marcheth
towards
Perth
,
and
sits
down
neer
the
river
,
the
Scots
Army
was
divided
into
two
bodies
on
each
side
of
the
river
;
Baliol
fearing
to
be
inclosed
,
resolves
to
fight
with
one
of
those
bodies
a
part
,
and
first
on
the
Viceroy
which
was
farthest
off
,
and
seemed
most
secure
;
one
Andrew
Murrey
in
the
night
guided
Baliol
over
the
river
where
it
was
fordable
,
who
falling
unexpectedly
on
the
Viceroy's
Army
,
routed
them
,
though
at
first
some
resistance
was
made
,
yet
the
disorder
in
the
Scots
Camp
was
so
great
,
that
instead
of
opposing
the
Enemy
,
they
fell
foul
among
themselves
,
three
thousand
Scots
were
slain
,
the
rest
fled
to
Perth
,
but
shortly
after
yield
the
Town
to
the
English
,
which
Dumbar
with
the
other
Army
resolved
to
besiege
,
but
upon
better
advice
they
retreat
;
Baliol
upon
this
good
success
,
and
finding
multitudes
of
Scots
to
flock
to
him
,
resolves
to
declare
himself
King
,
to
whom
divers
Lords
whom
he
had
taken
prisoners
,
were
forced
to
swear
fealty
.
Baliol
finding
himself
sufficiently
strong
,
goeth
to
Scone
,
where
he
is
crowned
.
Andrew
Murrey
,
King
Robert
Bruce
his
sisters
son
,
Viceroy
,
who
presently
raiseth
an
Army
,
and
besiegeth
Perth
,
which
after
three
moneths
siege
they
took
;
the
Earl
of
Fife
,
who
held
the
town
for
Baliol
,
is
sent
to
prison
with
his
wife
and
children
;
Murrey
of
Tilibardin
,
for
guiding
Baliol
over
the
river
,
is
executed
;
the
walls
of
Perth
are
demolished
;
a
thousand
horse
are
sent
into
Anandel
(
where
Baliol
was
secure
)
by
the
Viceroy
,
these
fell
suddenly
on
his
forces
in
the
night
,
so
that
he
was
forced
to
flie
away
half
cloathed
upon
a
horse
without
bridle
or
saddle
,
divers
of
whose
friends
were
killed
;
Alexander
Bruce
,
King
Davids
kinsman
,
who
had
taken
part
with
Baliol
,
was
taken
,
but
pardoned
:
the
Brucians
knowing
that
Baliol
acted
all
for
and
by
the
King
of
England
,
fortifie
Barwick
,
where
they
put
Alexander
Seaton
Governour
;
an
Embassadour
is
sent
into
France
,
to
see
the
young
king
,
and
to
require
aide
;
but
the
the
Brucians
are
twice
defeated
by
the
Baliolans
;
king
Edward
sends
Forces
to
aide
Baliol
,
who
otherwise
could
not
subsist
against
the
other
faction
,
not
regarding
his
affinity
with
Bruce
,
nor
the
peace
that
was
made
,
nor
the
oath
which
he
took
;
and
to
make
shew
of
a
just
war
,
he
demands
Barwick
,
which
Bruce
had
by
right
of
Arms
gained
from
the
English
;
king
Edward
besiegeth
the
Town
by
Sea
and
Land
,
Douglas
brings
an
Army
to
raise
the
siege
,
he
was
advised
to
go
with
his
Army
into
England
;
but
he
to
be
revenged
on
king
Edward
for
hanging
up
Seatons
two
sons
,
would
needs
fight
upon
unequal
ground
and
tearms
,
and
so
lost
the
day
;
in
that
conflict
ten
thousand
Scots
were
slain
,
the
English
also
lost
many
,
besides
their
Fleet
,
which
was
fired
by
the
Scots
.
After
this
,
Baliol
had
divers
bickerings
with
the
Brucians
,
sometimes
prevailing
,
sometimes
yielding
;
in
the
interim
a
new
Army
from
England
enters
Scotland
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land
;
in
the
Forth
,
the
English
Admiral
,
with
most
of
the
other
ships
,
were
battered
against
the
Rocks
with
stormes
;
the
Land-army
marcheth
as
far
as
Glasco
,
where
an
English
Parliament
is
called
,
there
David
Cumin
Earl
of
Athol
is
made
Governour
of
Scotland
,
and
King
Edward
carried
with
him
Baliol
into
England
,
for
he
durst
not
confide
in
him
.
Cumin
seiseth
upon
all
the
Lands
of
the
Stuarts
,
and
having
the
Southern
parts
at
his
devotion
,
he
marcheth
Northward
,
where
the
Counties
of
Buchan
and
Murrey
submit
to
him
.
All
Patents
went
under
the
stile
of
Edward
and
Baliol
;
but
whilst
Cumin
was
so
far
North
,
Robert
Stuart
who
had
hid
himself
in
Dumbritton
began
to
appear
,
and
having
raised
four
hundred
of
the
Cambels
in
Arguile
went
to
take
in
some
of
the
next
Forts
,
which
they
did
with
good
success
;
upon
this
some
of
the
neighbour
Counties
began
to
side
with
him
,
so
that
his
Army
increased
like
a
snow-ball
,
besides
Iohn
Randulph
Earl
of
Murrey
was
returned
from
France
with
assurance
of
aide
from
thence
;
so
now
having
taken
courage
,
they
make
two
Viceroy's
,
to
wit
,
this
Robert
Stuart
,
and
Iohn
Randulph
;
he
with
a
considerable
Army
marched
Northward
,
at
whose
approach
David
Cumin
being
forsaken
by
divers
of
his
Souldiers
fled
to
Lochaber
,
where
he
was
besieged
,
and
forced
to
yield
,
and
withall
to
swear
fealty
to
king
Bruce
,
and
trusting
to
his
promises
left
him
there
as
his
Lieutenant
,
then
being
returned
to
Lothien
,
he
with
the
other
Viceroy
calls
a
Parliament
,
in
which
was
great
emulation
between
Cumin
and
Douglas
lately
returned
from
England
.
Shortly
after
King
Edward
with
Baliol
invades
Scotland
by
Sea
and
Land
;
a
Fleet
of
a
hundred
and
sixty
saile
enters
the
Forth
;
King
Edward
by
land
marcheth
towards
Perth
;
in
the
mean
time
Robert
,
one
of
the
Viceroyes
falls
sick
,
so
the
whole
burthen
lay
upon
Randulph
,
who
with
a
part
of
his
Forces
encounters
the
Gelderlanders
neer
Edenburgh
,
and
defeated
them
,
for
they
came
to
assist
the
English
,
but
he
used
them
kindly
for
Philip
Valois
his
sake
;
but
as
he
was
conveying
of
them
,
he
was
intercepted
by
the
English
Faction
,
and
brought
to
King
Edward
then
besieging
Perth
,
which
being
surrendred
,
King
Edward
returns
to
England
,
having
had
some
loss
by
stormes
in
his
Fleet.
David
Cumin
is
by
him
left
Viceroy
,
for
he
carried
Baliol
with
him
.
Cumin
who
had
found
favour
before
,
shews
none
now
,
but
persecutes
the
Brucians
with
all
cruelty
;
yet
a
party
took
head
against
him
,
under
the
Earl
of
March
,
Murrey
and
Douglas
,
who
never
would
yield
to
Baliol
;
these
with
considerable
Forces
defeat
the
Cuminians
;
upon
this
Victory
Andrew
Murrey
is
made
Viceroy
,
for
Stuart
was
sick
,
and
Randulph
a
prisoner
.
New
supplies
are
sent
of
English
,
to
relieve
Cumins
wife
,
who
was
besieged
by
the
Brucians
;
they
march
as
far
as
Elgin
in
Murrey
,
burn
Aberden
,
take
divers
Forts
,
and
relieve
Cumins
Lady
;
they
enjoyn
the
six
next
Monasteries
to
rebuild
the
walls
of
Perth
.
No
sooner
were
the
English
gone
home
,
but
Andrew
Murrey
with
new
supplies
regaines
all
the
Forts
and
Castles
beyond
Forth
,
except
Perth
and
the
Castle
of
Cupre
,
then
enters
England
,
and
returns
with
great
booties
:
the
Garrison
of
Cupre
,
for
want
of
provision
,
was
forced
to
be
gone
,
who
returning
homeward
through
Lothian
over
the
sands
,
were
all
drowned
upon
the
comming
in
of
the
tide
.
The
next
year
,
Dumbar-Castle
is
besieged
by
the
Earles
of
Arundel
Alexander
Ramsey
in
the
dark
of
the
night
.
Murrey
having
beaten
out
the
English
from
most
parts
of
Scotland
in
two
yeares
and
a
half
,
died
,
whom
Stuart
succeeded
as
Viceroy
,
who
by
the
help
of
Douglas
got
divers
Victories
over
the
English
and
their
parties
in
Scotland
.
Perth
is
besieged
above
four
months
by
the
Scots
,
at
last
the
Earl
of
Rosse
takes
it
;
the
English
are
dismissed
with
bag
and
baggage
;
Sterling
also
is
surrendred
by
the
English
,
and
Edenburgh-Castle
is
taken
by
Douglas
.
Fraser
and
twelve
more
,
being
disguised
in
sea-mens
apparel
,
as
if
they
had
come
lately
from
an
English
Ship
then
in
the
Forth
with
wine
and
other
provision
were
let
in
,
who
presently
killed
the
Porter
,
took
away
the
keyes
,
opened
the
Gates
,
and
let
in
some
companies
who
lay
in
ambush
;
after
a
great
skirmish
,
the
English
were
forced
to
yield
:
In
the
mean
while
Alexander
Ramsey
enters
Northumberland
with
an
Army
,
which
plunders
the
Country
,
and
returns
with
great
booty
;
he
is
pursued
by
English
Forces
,
which
he
defeats
by
drawing
them
into
an
ambush
,
where
he
had
hid
great
store
of
foot
,
and
so
brings
home
his
plunder
;
then
he
takes
in
Roxburg
;
after
this
,
he
with
Randulph
and
Douglas
David
Bruce
with
his
Queen
,
after
nine
years
absence
.
King
Edward
having
made
peace
with
France
for
three
years
,
prepares
all
the
strength
he
can
to
invade
Scotland
;
he
had
then
in
his
Army
6000
horse
,
and
40000
foot
,
besides
a
great
Fleet
,
which
was
so
shattered
with
stormes
,
that
it
did
him
little
service
.
Upon
King
Davids
return
,
Scotland
is
divided
into
factions
,
caused
by
the
murther
of
Alexander
Ramsey
,
whom
Douglas
treacherously
killed
,
because
he
had
got
from
him
the
government
of
Teviot
:
This
much
troubled
King
David
,
who
made
search
for
Douglas
,
and
found
him
,
but
by
the
mediation
of
Robert
Stuart
,
and
others
,
he
was
pardoned
and
made
Governour
of
Roxburg
and
Teviot
,
for
such
then
was
the
power
of
Douglas
,
that
the
King
durst
do
no
otherwise
.
Differences
being
thus
composed
,
David
contrary
to
the
advice
of
his
Lords
raiseth
an
Army
against
England
,
into
which
he
made
three
several
excursions
,
and
returned
with
great
spoiles
;
At
last
a
peace
for
two
years
is
concluded
with
England
,
conditionally
that
King
Philip
of
France
would
ratifie
it
,
without
whom
King
David
could
make
no
peace
,
nor
King
Philip
with
England
,
without
the
Scots
;
but
the
French
being
defeated
by
the
English
,
stir
up
King
David
against
England
,
who
invades
and
spoiles
all
as
far
as
Durham
,
in
an
unseasonable
time
,
his
own
Countrey
being
distracted
by
civil
broils
between
the
Earl
of
Rosse
and
the
Lord
of
the
Islands
;
the
English
Army
come
unexpectedly
upon
King
David
,
a
battel
is
fought
,
in
which
many
of
the
Scots
Lords
were
taken
or
killed
;
King
David
was
taken
prisoner
by
Copland
,
two
of
whose
teeth
he
strook
out
with
his
fist
after
he
had
lost
his
weapons
;
upon
this
Victory
divers
of
the
South
Countries
of
Scotland
yielded
to
the
English
,
the
rest
being
employed
in
civil
broiles
against
each
other
;
but
the
English
shortly
after
lost
these
Countries
again
.
King
Iohn
of
France
sends
money
into
Scotland
to
raise
Souldiers
,
desiring
also
that
the
Scots
would
make
no
peace
with
England
,
they
receive
the
money
,
a
few
Souldiers
are
raised
which
make
excursions
upon
England
;
they
take
also
Barwick
and
burn
it
;
the
English
enter
Louthien
with
fire
and
sword
;
Baliol
again
swears
fealty
to
king
Edward
.
The
English
being
again
driven
out
of
Scotland
,
king
David
is
ransomed
,
who
upon
his
return
dis-inherits
Robert
Stuart
,
his
elder
sisters
son
,
and
makes
Alexander
the
Earl
of
Sutherlands
son
,
and
his
Nephew
by
the
younger
sister
,
his
heir
;
but
he
dying
shortly
after
,
king
David
is
reconciled
to
Stuart
;
after
this
Scotland
is
much
afflicted
with
great
inundations
of
water
,
and
the
Plague
;
king
David
wanting
issue
,
in
a
Parliament
proposed
,
that
for
the
good
of
both
kingdomes
,
the
king
of
England
or
his
son
should
succeed
to
the
Crown
of
Scotland
;
this
motion
was
so
disliked
,
that
it
was
presently
hushed
:
In
the
mean
while
the
High-landers
continue
in
arms
amongst
themselves
,
whom
when
the
king
could
not
reconcile
,
he
increaseth
their
quarrels
,
to
the
end
they
might
destroy
each
other
,
and
so
the
kingdom
should
be
quiet
;
At
last
the
king
dieth
in
Edenburgh-Castle
,
the
nine
and
forty
year
of
his
life
,
and
the
CHAP.
XIV
.
A
prosecution
of
the
Scotish
History
,
from
the
year
1377.
till
the
year
1400.
KIng
Robert
Stuart
succeedeth
to
his
uncle
David
Bruce
:
his
Coronation
was
opposed
by
William
Earl
Douglasse
,
who
claimed
the
Crown
in
right
of
Baliol
,
and
the
Cumins
,
of
whom
he
was
descended
;
but
his
claim
was
so
distasted
by
the
Lords
,
that
he
was
glad
to
give
off
and
submit
to
King
Robert
,
and
to
confirm
his
allegiance
;
the
King
marrieth
his
daughter
to
Earl
Williams
son
.
This
year
,
the
fourteen
years
peace
between
the
two
kingdomes
is
broken
by
the
English
,
who
at
a
Fair
killed
a
friend
of
George
Dumbar
;
he
being
denied
satisfaction
,
the
next
day
with
some
forces
he
plunders
the
Fair
,
burns
the
Town
and
kills
many
in
it
:
the
English
to
be
revenged
,
fall
with
fire
and
sword
upon
the
lands
of
Sir
Iohn
Gordon
,
who
in
requital
invades
England
,
fights
with
Iohn
Liburn
,
whom
he
takes
prisoner
with
many
other
,
and
carrieth
them
with
great
booties
to
Scotland
.
Henry
Pierce
Earl
of
Northumberland
raiseth
seven
thousand
men
,
and
with
them
marcheth
to
Dunce
in
Scotland
,
where
Iohannes
Scotus
subtilis
was
born
,
this
Village
is
six
miles
from
England
:
the
Country
people
thereabout
in
the
night-time
upon
the
hills
made
such
a
noise
with
their
rattles
,
which
they
use
in
driving
away
the
Deer
from
their
Corn
,
that
the
English
horse
being
affrighted
,
broke
their
halters
,
and
ran
away
;
the
English
also
fearing
more
danger
then
there
was
,
took
their
flight
,
and
left
their
baggage
behinde
them
;
the
same
day
Gordon
by
ambush
took
Thomas
Musgrave
governour
of
Berwick
,
with
some
of
his
Troops
which
were
going
to
joyn
with
Piercy
.
Shortly
after
this
Ambassadours
arrive
from
France
,
to
renew
the
old
League
with
King
Robert
,
and
to
perswade
him
to
invade
England
:
In
the
mean
while
Alexander
Ramsey
takes
Berwick
Castle
,
and
afterward
surrendred
it
.
Iames
Earl
Douglasse
invades
England
with
twenty
thousand
horse
and
foot
,
and
returns
with
great
booties
:
the
English
in
requital
enter
Scotland
with
fifteen
thousand
under
Talbot
,
who
as
they
were
returning
through
a
narrow
valley
with
their
spoil
,
in
the
night
time
were
set
upon
by
five
hundred
Scots
;
the
English
thinking
the
number
of
Scots
had
been
far
greater
,
fled
disorderly
,
many
in
the
flight
were
slain
,
many
more
drowned
in
the
River
,
two
hundred
and
forty
taken
.
Iohn
Duke
of
Lancaster
is
sent
into
Scotland
to
mediate
a
peace
,
which
was
concluded
for
three
years
;
Lancaster
hearing
of
the
civil
broils
in
England
,
upon
the
publike
Faith
stayed
in
Scotland
till
the
English
storm
was
over
.
The
three
years
Truce
being
ended
,
Douglasse
Lord
of
Galloway
,
with
the
Douglasse
,
Lindsey
and
Dumbar
stole
away
privately
from
the
Court
,
and
unknown
to
the
king
,
raise
an
Army
of
fifteen
thousand
,
with
which
they
enter
England
,
wasting
all
with
fire
and
sword
to
Newcastle
;
then
having
returned
with
great
booties
,
and
many
prisoners
,
they
cause
a
peace
to
be
proclaimed
.
About
the
end
of
the
peace
,
the
French
Admiral
with
two
thousand
souldiers
,
and
pay
for
six
months
,
comes
into
Scotland
;
he
brought
also
four
hundred
compleat
Arms
for
so
many
Gentlemen
;
these
with
the
Scots
aid
invade
Northumberland
,
overthrow
three
Castles
,
but
by
reason
of
the
great
rains
and
floods
,
were
fain
to
return
with
their
booty
:
King
Richard
of
England
,
in
revenge
of
this
wrong
,
enters
Scotland
with
sixty
thousand
foot
,
and
eight
thousand
horse
,
besides
with
a
great
Fleet
by
sea
,
these
with
fire
and
sword
waste
the
Country
of
Lothian
.
The
Scots
unwilling
to
encounter
so
great
an
Army
,
resolve
to
draw
King
Richard
out
of
Scotland
by
invading
England
,
therefore
they
enter
Cumberland
,
spoiling
all
the
Country
thereabout
:
King
Richard
would
have
pursued
the
Scots
Army
,
but
could
not
by
reason
of
the
rocky
and
mountainous
waies
between
them
,
and
the
difficulty
to
finde
the
Scots
Army
,
therefore
he
returns
home
the
same
way
he
came
;
and
the
Scots
also
retire
out
of
England
,
who
with
the
French
resolve
to
take
the
Town
and
Castle
of
Rosburgh
;
but
because
the
French
would
have
had
the
Town
to
themselves
if
it
had
been
taken
,
which
the
Scots
would
not
yeeld
too
,
they
gave
off
their
intended
siege
;
the
French
souldiers
being
sent
home
,
and
the
Admiral
retained
as
a
prisoner
till
satisfaction
were
made
for
the
wrongs
they
had
done
to
the
Country
people
of
Scotland
.
William
Douglasse
son
to
Archibald
Lord
of
Galloway
,
sails
over
to
Ireland
with
an
Army
to
requite
the
wrongs
he
had
suffered
by
the
Irish
,
who
had
made
excursions
into
Galloway
.
Douglasse
having
landed
his
forces
near
Kerlinford
,
so
affrighted
the
Town
,
that
they
sent
to
article
with
him
:
Douglasse
accepts
of
a
Treaty
;
in
the
interim
the
Town
sends
to
Dundalk
for
aid
,
five
hundred
horse
are
procured
,
with
these
and
their
own
forces
they
march
out
against
Douglasse
,
hoping
to
subdue
his
Army
,
and
to
seise
on
his
ships
;
but
they
were
subdued
themselves
,
their
Town
sacked
and
burned
,
fifteen
ships
then
in
the
harbour
are
taken
and
laden
with
booty
,
so
Douglasse
returns
victorious
to
Galloway
,
having
plundered
the
Isle
of
Man
by
the
way
.
At
his
return
,
when
he
understood
that
his
father
was
marched
upon
an
expedition
into
England
,
he
follows
him
:
the
Scots
being
willing
to
be
revenged
on
the
English
for
the
spoil
done
on
Lothian
the
former
year
by
King
Richard
,
desire
King
Robert
that
an
Army
might
be
sent
:
he
being
now
aged
and
willing
to
be
quiet
,
would
not
yeeld
to
any
invasion
of
England
,
therefore
the
Lords
repair
to
the
Earl
of
Fife
he
Kings
second
son
,
(
for
the
eldest
Iohn
was
lamed
by
a
horse
,
and
unfit
for
action
)
these
resolve
to
raise
an
Army
without
the
knowledge
of
either
King
;
but
they
could
not
carry
the
matter
so
close
from
King
Richard
,
who
by
Spies
was
advertised
of
the
Scots
proceedings
,
and
therefore
wills
the
Northern
Countries
to
be
in
readiness
:
the
Scots
Army
consisted
of
thirty
thousand
;
the
English
sent
a
Spie
disguised
in
a
Scots
habit
,
to
discover
the
Armies
intention
;
he
having
found
out
all
,
and
returning
to
his
horse
which
he
had
tied
to
a
tree
,
missed
him
being
stoln
,
so
that
he
was
fain
to
foot
it
,
which
caused
suspition
,
therefore
he
is
pursued
and
brought
back
and
forced
to
reveal
the
whole
English
plot
,
which
made
the
Scots
alter
their
resolutions
.
Two
Armies
being
raised
,
the
bigger
marcheth
by
the
way
of
Carlisle
under
the
Earls
of
Fife
,
Iernia
,
Mar
and
Sutherland
,
and
Douglasse
Lord
of
Galloway
;
the
other
enters
Northumberland
under
the
Earls
of
Murrey
and
March
,
this
lesser
Army
wastes
the
Bishoprick
of
Durham
;
Henry
and
Ralph
Piercies
,
the
old
Earl
of
Northumberlands
two
sons
,
are
sent
with
some
forces
to
secure
Newcastle
;
thither
the
Scots
march
,
some
light
skirmishes
for
two
daies
together
they
had
with
the
English
:
At
last
Iames
Douglasse
and
Henry
P●…cy
fought
a
duel
in
sight
of
both
the
Armies
;
Piercy
is
beat
off
from
his
horse
,
and
his
spear
taken
by
Douglasse
,
which
he
carried
away
with
him
:
the
Scots
were
marching
away
with
their
booties
,
with
an
intent
to
joyn
with
the
bigger
Army
;
but
because
Piercy
bragged
,
that
Douglasse
should
not
carry
his
Lance
to
Scotland
,
therefore
he
resolves
to
stay
two
or
three
dayes
to
see
what
Piercy
would
do
,
who
was
very
eager
to
pursue
the
Scots
to
recover
his
Lance
,
but
was
advised
not
to
do
so
for
fear
of
Ambushes
,
for
they
could
not
think
that
so
small
an
Army
would
have
ventured
upon
Newcastle
,
but
that
they
had
greater
forces
at
hand
;
yet
finding
there
was
no
ambush
,
Piercy
with
ten
thousand
horse
and
foot
pursues
the
Scots
,
which
were
scarce
half
so
many
;
a
cruel
fight
ensueth
,
which
continued
till
it
was
dark
,
the
dayes
being
then
at
longest
;
so
having
rested
a
while
,
and
the
morning
appearing
,
the
conflict
is
renewed
,
in
which
Douglasse
is
slain
,
but
his
death
concealed
;
at
last
both
the
Piercies
being
wounded
and
taken
prisoners
,
the
English
are
disheartned
and
flie
,
of
whom
one
thousand
and
eight
hundred
are
slaine
,
and
a
thousand
wounded
,
and
one
thousand
and
forty
taken
prisoners
;
of
the
Scots
one
hundred
are
slaine
,
and
two
hundred
taken
.
And
now
the
Bishop
of
Durham
with
his
forces
were
come
,
they
should
have
joyned
with
Piercy
,
but
he
would
not
stay
for
them
,
so
earnest
he
was
to
regaine
his
Lance
:
The
Bishop
understanding
that
Piercies
Army
was
defeated
,
was
in
a
doubt
what
to
do
:
At
last
being
encouraged
by
the
Country
,
which
made
up
his
Army
ten
thousand
,
hee
pursues
the
Scots
,
hoping
to
finde
them
carelesse
upon
their
former
successe
,
or
else
wearied
with
fighting
.
The
Earl
Murrey
,
who
now
had
the
charge
of
the
Army
,
Douglasse
being
dead
,
understanding
that
the
Bishops
Army
was
comming
upon
his
forces
,
calls
a
Councel
of
war
concerning
the
prisoners
;
some
would
have
had
them
put
to
death
,
being
dangerous
to
keep
so
many
,
but
this
was
held
cruelty
,
therefore
an
oath
is
taken
of
them
that
they
should
not
stir
during
the
time
of
the
fight
;
then
they
put
themselves
in
battel-array
,
each
one
is
commanded
to
sound
a
horn
,
which
by
the
eccho
of
the
neighbouring
hills
made
a
hideous
noise
,
so
that
the
English
supposed
the
Scots
to
be
more
numerous
then
they
were
;
this
noise
,
and
the
sight
of
so
many
dead
bodies
before
them
killed
in
the
former
conflict
,
the
unskilfulness
of
the
Commanders
,
and
rawness
of
the
souldiers
,
so
disheartned
the
English
,
that
they
retreated
:
Upon
this
the
Scots
return
homeward
,
Ralph
Piercy
not
being
able
to
travel
by
reason
of
his
wounds
,
got
leave
with
six
hundred
of
the
other
prisoners
to
return
home
upon
their
parol
,
the
poorer
prisoners
were
let
go
without
ransome
;
Henry
Piercy
with
four
hundred
more
are
carried
into
Scotland
,
and
shortly
after
ransomed
.
The
other
Army
which
was
in
Cumberland
,
was
not
so
glad
for
this
victory
,
as
sad
for
the
death
of
Douglasse
,
a
man
highly
honoured
and
beloved
for
his
valour
,
and
so
much
the
more
because
he
was
killed
in
the
prime
of
years
.
And
so
much
of
this
battel
fought
at
Otterburn
,
not
far
from
Newcastle
.
Upon
the
return
of
the
Scots
,
King
Robert
by
reason
of
his
age
finding
himself
slighted
by
his
Lords
,
and
unfit
for
action
,
calls
a
Parliament
,
in
which
Robert
his
younger
sonne
is
declared
Lieutenant
and
Governour
of
Scotland
.
Not
long
after
this
King
Robert
died
,
the
seventie
fourth
year
of
his
George
Dumbar
Earl
of
March
had
betrothed
his
daughter
to
David
king
Roberts
son
,
and
had
already
paid
a
great
part
of
the
portion
;
At
this
Arohibald
Earl
Douglasse
being
offended
,
complained
to
the
Parliament
that
the
king
had
bestowed
his
son
without
their
consent
,
and
withall
proffers
his
daughter
with
a
greater
portion
,
which
is
accepted
:
Upon
this
Dumbar
with
his
family
removes
in
great
discontent
into
England
,
joynes
himself
with
Piercy
,
raises
forces
,
and
invades
Douglasse
his
lands
:
hereupon
Dumbar
is
proclaimed
Traitor
,
and
his
estate
confiscate
;
a
Herauld
is
sent
to
king
Henry
of
England
to
demand
Dumbar
,
and
to
complain
that
the
peace
was
broken
;
king
Henry
having
given
no
satisfaction
to
the
Herauld
,
besides
,
because
Piercy
and
Dumbar
with
two
thousand
horse
and
foot
had
entred
Scotland
,
(
but
were
driven
out
again
with
the
losse
of
their
booty
by
Douglasse
)
open
wars
are
proclaimed
against
England
.
THE
SIXTH
BOOK
OF
THE
SECOND
PART
:
Intreating
of
the
Histories
of
the
World
,
from
the
Year
,
1400.
CHAP.
I.
1.
The
Affairs
of
Italy
,
Germany
,
Hungary
and
Bohemia
under
Wenceslaus
,
Rupert
,
Sigismund
,
Emperours
.
2.
The
Councels
of
Constance
and
Basil
,
with
some
other
passages
from
the
year
,
1400.
till
the
year
,
1439.
IN
the
time
of
Wenceslaus
fell
out
the
year
of
Jubilee
,
which
Iohn
Husse
,
or
Goose
(
for
so
the
word
signifies
)
having
read
Wickliffs
books
sent
him
from
England
,
began
to
preach
openly
in
the
University
of
Prague
against
Jubilees
and
Indulgences
,
against
Purgatory
,
Image-worship
,
Transsubstantiation
,
and
other
points
held
by
the
Church
;
this
new
Doctrine
of
his
made
such
a
distraction
in
the
University
,
that
most
of
the
Schollers
went
away
thence
to
Erford
and
Lipsia
,
where
out
of
the
ruines
of
Prague
sprung
up
these
two
Universities
.
About
a
hundred
years
after
out
of
this
Goose's
egg
was
hatched
that
Gosling
,
which
did
more
hurt
to
new
Rome
,
then
the
Goose
of
the
Capitol
did
good
to
old
Rome
.
Husse
being
driven
by
the
Bishop
from
Prague
,
retires
to
the
Village
where
he
was
born
,
and
preacheth
there
openly
the
same
doctrine
;
complaint
is
made
against
him
to
Wenceslaus
,
but
he
neither
could
nor
did
any
thing
against
him
,
for
he
was
shortly
after
deposed
by
the
Electors
of
Mentz
,
Colen
,
Trevers
,
and
the
Palsgrave
.
Iodocus
Barbatus
Marquess
of
Brandeburg
,
is
named
Emperour
by
Colen
and
Mentz
,
which
election
was
approved
by
Wenceslaus
his
Cousin-german
;
but
he
was
never
crowned
,
for
within
six
moneths
of
his
election
he
died
;
then
was
Frederick
of
Brunswick
named
by
the
Electors
,
but
as
he
was
coming
to
be
crowned
,
the
Bishop
of
Mentz
set
upon
him
in
the
way
and
murthered
him
;
at
length
Rupert
of
Bavaria
Elector
Palatine
is
made
Caesar
,
and
crowned
at
Colen
by
the
Bishop
,
for
Aix
which
favoured
Wenceslaus
,
would
not
open
their
Gates
;
but
them
and
other
Towns
which
held
with
Wenceslaus
,
shortly
after
Rupert
brought
under
;
this
Rupert
was
descended
from
Ludovic
the
Fourth
.
The
Pope
upon
the
Florentines
request
,
who
were
molested
by
Iohn
Galeas
of
Millan
,
gave
way
to
Rupert
to
require
from
the
Priests
of
Germany
their
Tenths
for
raising
of
an
Army
against
Galeacius
,
whose
wealth
and
power
was
become
formidable
both
to
the
Pope
and
the
other
Italian
Princes
;
but
Rupert
was
resisted
by
the
Bishop
of
Millan
,
who
also
made
Leopold
of
Austria
and
the
Bishop
of
Colen
his
enemies
:
Trevers
likewise
made
resistance
,
yet
he
raised
an
Army
,
being
promised
by
the
Florentines
two
hundred
thousand
Florens
;
as
soon
as
his
forces
had
touched
the
Territories
of
Galeacius
,
he
marcheth
thence
into
the
Country
of
Brixia
,
but
was
beaten
back
into
Trent
by
the
Dukes
Army
;
thence
he
came
to
Padua
upon
the
desire
of
the
Venetians
,
where
he
was
met
by
the
Florentine
Ambassadours
with
some
forces
and
money
to
renew
the
war
;
but
not
finding
the
forces
and
money
answerable
to
his
expectation
,
and
that
neither
the
Pope
nor
Venetians
would
openly
assist
him
,
he
returns
into
Germany
:
Whereupon
Galeacius
sends
his
forces
against
Bononia
,
assisted
by
the
Florentines
,
he
obtains
the
victory
and
the
City
withall
,
which
had
been
the
occasion
of
fifty
years
war
;
Bentivolus
the
tyrant
of
that
City
was
slain
.
He
besiegeth
Francis
Gonzaga
at
Mantua
,
and
forceth
him
to
yeeld
the
Town
,
being
almost
drowned
by
letting
in
the
Rivers
Po
and
Athesis
;
he
took
from
Scaliger
,
Verona
and
Vincentha
,
and
shortly
after
Padua
from
Cararius
whom
at
first
he
assisted
against
Scaliger
.
After
he
had
taken
in
Bononia
,
he
crossed
the
Apinines
with
his
victorious
Army
,
and
struck
a
great
terrour
at
Florence
,
but
a
violent
feaver
stopt
the
career
of
his
victories
,
whereof
he
died
in
this
expedition
,
having
left
behinde
him
Iohannes
Maria
,
and
Philip
,
who
were
the
last
Dukes
of
Millan
of
that
race
of
Vicounts
,
and
one
daughter
Valentina
married
to
Lewis
Prince
of
Orleans
,
son
to
Charles
5.
of
France
.
After
the
death
of
Galeacius
,
the
Guelphs
and
Gibellins
at
Millan
fell
again
to
destroy
each
other
with
fire
and
sword
;
the
Cities
lately
taken
by
Galeacius
,
fell
off
from
his
sons
,
and
the
jurisdiction
of
Millan
,
to
their
several
governours
;
Brixia
to
Pandulphus
,
Papia
to
Facinius
Canis
,
Cremona
to
Benzones
,
&c.
Among
the
rest
Bononia
fell
off
to
the
Pope
,
so
did
Assisinum
and
Perusia
Cities
of
Umbria
.
The
Florentines
with
their
money
purchased
Pisae
from
Gabriel
the
Bastard-son
of
Iohn
Galeacius
.
Sena
having
killed
Corregius
their
Governour
,
reassumed
their
liberty
,
which
was
accompanied
with
many
bloody
seditions
.
The
Venetians
upon
these
changes
,
promoted
their
Territories
as
far
as
Forum
,
Iuly
and
Istria
,
so
they
grew
great
by
the
ruines
of
the
Scaligers
and
Carrarii
;
for
Novellus
Carrarius
the
son
of
Francis
,
having
recovered
Padua
by
the
Venetian
assistance
,
forgetting
his
benefactors
,
stirs
up
William
Scaliger
to
recover
Verona
,
which
when
William
had
obtained
,
Carrarius
poysoneth
him
,
and
then
murdereth
his
two
sons
,
that
without
opposition
he
might
enjoy
the
Empire
of
Verona
;
and
not
content
with
this
,
he
assaied
to
take
in
Vincentia
,
which
hating
his
tyranny
,
cast
her self
upon
the
Venetians
patrocine
;
they
being
glad
of
this
occasion
,
make
open
war
against
Carrarius
,
whose
forces
they
subdue
,
and
drive
him
within
the
walls
of
Padua
,
where
being
straitly
besieged
,
he
with
his
two
sons
were
forced
to
yeeld
to
the
Venetians
,
who
caused
them
all
there
to
be
strangled
,
his
other
two
sons
escaped
,
but
died
shortly
after
in
Hetruria
:
Upon
this
the
Venetians
obtain
Verona
,
Vincentia
,
Colonia
,
Feltrium
,
Bellunum
and
Padua
.
And
thus
was
the
greatness
of
Millan
which
had
swallowed
up
almost
all
Italy
on
this
side
of
Latium
,
torn
in
peeces
.
Iohannes
Maria
became
a
most
bloody
Tyrant
,
taking
delight
to
fling
to
hungry
Mastiffs
condemned
persons
,
or
such
as
he
hated
;
these
dogs
he
used
to
feed
with
mens
flesh
,
and
then
to
keep
them
hungry
that
they
might
prove
the
more
fierce
and
cruel
;
but
he
was
at
last
by
some
Assassinates
murthered
in
the
Church
,
who
cleft
his
skull
close
to
his
eyes
,
and
cut
off
his
right
leg
,
a
grateful
spectacle
to
the
people
,
who
extreamly
hated
him
:
his
brother
and
successour
Philip
revenged
his
death
,
and
recovered
Brixia
,
Placentia
,
Comus
,
Cremona
,
and
some
other
places
,
but
lost
quite
Hetruria
,
Umbrio
,
Aemylia
and
Picenum
;
he
beheaded
Fundulius
the
governour
of
Cremona
,
who
being
upon
the
Scaffold
;
was
exhorted
to
repent
,
answered
,
That
he
was
so
far
from
repenting
,
that
he
was
sorry
he
had
not
broke
the
necks
both
of
Sigismund
the
Emperour
,
and
Pope
Iohn
23.
when
he
entertained
them
with
a
banquet
upon
the
battlements
of
his
high
Tower.
Rupert
the
Emperour
seeing
but
little
good
to
be
done
in
Italy
;
returns
,
as
we
said
,
to
Germany
,
permitting
the
Italians
to
decide
their
own
quarrels
;
who
were
then
distracted
into
Italian
and
French
factions
by
means
of
the
Antipopes
.
Ladislaus
King
of
Naples
,
seeming
to
favour
the
faction
of
Gregory
12.
came
suddenly
upon
Rome
,
being
then
in
great
distractions
,
and
took
it
,
with
some
other
Towns
belonging
to
the
Church
;
he
threatned
also
the
Florentines
;
but
Lewis
of
Anjou
being
invited
by
the
Popes
letters
,
comes
and
joyns
his
Forces
with
those
of
Florence
and
Seva
,
upon
hope
to
obtain
the
Kingdome
of
Naples
;
so
he
recovers
the
City
for
Alexander
5.
and
drives
out
Ladislaus
,
who
not
long
after
,
with
greater
forces
returns
and
takes
Rome
,
having
suppressed
the
Pontificans
and
French
Auxiliaries
;
he
killed
many
of
the
Citizens
,
overthrew
the
walls
,
took
the
Castle
of
S.
Angelo
,
with
divers
Towns
belonging
to
the
Church
,
and
kept
them
till
his
dying
day
,
notwithstanding
that
he
was
anathematized
by
Pope
Alexander
;
he
left
by
will
the
Kingdome
to
his
sister
Ioan
,
who
as
is
said
,
repudiated
her
husband
Iames
Burbon
Earle
of
Marchia
,
and
adopted
Alphonsus
King
of
Arragon
,
thinking
thereby
to
make
her
party
strong
against
the
Pope
,
and
those
of
Anjou
;
Alphonsus
having
slighted
her
,
was
rejected
by
her
,
who
sent
for
Lewis
of
Anjou's
eldest
son
,
after
whose
death
she
surrogated
his
brother
Renatus
,
whence
arose
bloody
To
Rupert
succeeded
Sigismund
the
son
of
Charles
4.
whom
Ludovic
King
of
Hungary
had
adopted
for
his
son
,
intending
to
make
him
heir
to
the
Crown
,
and
husband
to
his
daughter
;
but
Ludovic
being
dead
,
and
Sigismund
as
yet
a
childe
,
the
Queen-mother
governed
the
Kingdome
;
the
Nobility
disliking
her
government
,
send
for
Charles
King
of
Naples
,
son
to
Andrew
King
Ludovicks
brother
,
who
being
received
with
general
applause
,
was
by
the
Queen-widow
poysoned
,
and
the
Italians
driven
out
of
Hungary
;
but
his
death
was
revenged
by
Iohn
governour
of
Croatia
,
who
put
to
death
the
murtherers
,
and
having
dragged
the
young
Queen
with
her
mother
by
the
hair
upon
the
ground
,
caused
the
old
Queen
to
be
drowned
,
and
her
daughter
he
imprisoned
;
whom
shortly
after
,
fearing
an
insurrection
,
he
set
at
liberty
:
Sigismund
upon
this
comes
out
of
Bohemia
with
a
great
Army
,
invades
Hungary
without
opposition
,
and
being
now
20.
years
of
age
,
is
crowned
and
married
to
the
young
Queen
.
After
this
he
repairs
to
Croatia
,
besiegeth
the
governour
whom
he
took
and
beheaded
,
with
32.
more
that
sided
with
him
in
his
rebellion
against
the
young
Queen
:
the
Hungarians
repining
at
this
severity
imprisoned
him
,
committing
the
charge
of
him
to
one
of
the
widows
of
those
whom
he
had
beheaded
;
but
upon
great
promises
made
to
her
,
she
dismissed
him
,
who
having
again
obtained
the
Kingdome
,
which
he
secured
with
garrisons
in
all
places
,
he
put
to
death
Steven
Veivodas
the
chief
author
of
his
imprisonment
,
by
which
he
quieted
the
rest
.
Concerning
Sigismunds
bad
successe
against
Bajazet
the
Turk
,
we
have
already
spoken
,
whose
fortune
was
no
better
in
a
second
Battel
against
Celebin
Bajazets
sonne
,
who
had
got
over
the
Hellespont
,
and
had
faln
upon
Bulgaria
and
Macedonia
.
Sigismund
encountred
with
the
Turks
near
Samandria
,
not
farre
from
the
Banks
of
Danubius
,
but
lost
the
battel
by
comming
too
late
.
Notwithstanding
this
bad
successe
,
he
is
called
to
the
Empire
by
the
Electors
;
his
chief
care
was
to
settle
peace
in
Christendome
now
distracted
by
three
Antipopes
,
to
wit
,
Benedict
13.
Gregory
12.
and
Iohn
23.
whose
residence
was
at
Bononia
,
Gregories
at
Areminum
,
and
Benedicts
at
Avenion
.
Sigismund
finding
that
a
Synod
was
fitter
then
Armes
to
compose
these
distractions
,
procured
by
the
consent
of
the
Christian
Princes
,
a
Synod
to
be
called
at
Constance
,
where
were
present
all
the
Princes
or
their
Legats
,
even
from
Byzantium
and
Trapezund
.
Here
Adolphus
2.
Earle
of
Cleve
,
and
Amadeus
Earle
of
Savoy
,
were
created
Dukes
of
the
Empire
;
the
Marquisiat
of
Brandeburg
,
with
the
Electoral
dignity
is
sold
to
Friderick
Burgrave
of
Noriberg
,
who
had
done
good
service
for
Sigismund
against
the
Hungarians
and
Bohemians
.
Albert
the
Septemvir
of
Saxony
died
about
this
time
,
whose
Dominion
and
Electorship
Sigismund
transferred
upon
Frederic
,
surnamed
the
Stout
;
Marquesse
of
Mysnia
for
his
charges
and
good
service
in
the
Bohemian
warres
:
he
erected
out
of
the
ruines
of
the
University
of
Prague
,
that
of
Lipsia
.
The
Synod
being
dissolved
,
Sigismund
intended
to
make
warre
against
the
Turk
,
and
to
repaire
his
honour
lost
in
the
two
former
battels
,
but
he
was
taken
off
from
this
designe
by
the
commotions
of
Bohemia
,
therefore
having
made
Moravia
sure
to
him
,
and
Silesia
,
he
put
to
death
the
seditious
Citizens
of
Uratislavia
the
Metropolis
of
that
Country
for
invading
the
Government
,
and
flinging
downe
the
Senators
from
an
high
Tower.
The
Bohemian
warre
was
hastened
on
by
the
violence
of
the
Hussits
,
who
were
enraged
for
Husse's
death
;
therefore
they
persecuted
with
all
hostility
the
Priests
and
Monks
,
some
of
which
they
banished
,
others
they
murthered
,
having
pulled
downe
and
burned
the
Religious
houses
,
and
broken
to
peeces
the
Images
and
Statues
in
their
Churches
.
Divers
battels
were
fought
,
but
the
Hussits
under
the
command
of
Zisca
obtained
the
victory
;
the
Emperour
enters
Bohemia
with
his
forces
to
suppresse
these
tumults
;
Bavarians
,
Suevians
,
and
others
,
by
the
Archbishop
of
Trevers
:
All
these
Forces
by
a
sudden
panick
fear
were
dissipated
;
the
like
successe
had
that
Army
which
was
raised
by
Iulianus
Caesarinus
the
Cardinal
;
divers
other
attempts
were
made
upon
the
Bohemian
Hussits
,
but
with
ill
successe
.
Upon
this
the
Councel
of
Basil
is
called
;
the
Emperour
with
great
promises
is
invited
into
Italy
by
Philip
Maria
Viscount
of
Millan
,
against
whom
the
Venetians
and
Florentines
made
war
both
by
Sea
and
Land
;
being
Iohn
Francis
Gonzaga
Lord
of
Mantua
,
Marquesse
.
Thence
he
returnes
through
Basil
into
Hungarie
,
and
from
thence
into
Bohemia
which
now
was
quieted
by
the
Councel
of
Basil.
Here
having
obtained
of
the
Peers
that
Albertus
Austriacus
his
sonne
in
law
should
succeed
him
to
the
Crowne
,
he
retires
to
his
daughter
in
Moravia
,
There
was
nothing
more
commendable
in
this
Emperour
,
then
the
paines
he
took
with
the
Christian
Princes
in
calling
the
Synod
of
Constance
,
to
settle
the
distracted
estate
of
the
Christians
caused
by
the
three
Antipopes
:
The
Cardinals
at
Pisa
had
conferred
their
Papacie
on
Iohn
23.
Gregory
and
Benedict
being
excluded
,
who
slighted
this
act
of
the
Cardinals
;
therefore
to
take
all
quarrels
off
,
the
Pontificat
is
conferred
on
Otto
Columnius
,
and
is
named
Martin
5.
the
other
three
being
forced
to
yeeld
;
in
this
Synod
Petrus
de
Aliaco
Cardinal
,
and
Gerson
Chancellour
of
Paris
laboured
for
a
reformation
of
the
Clergy
and
Court
of
Rome
,
but
to
no
purpose
:
here
Wickliffs
doctrine
is
condemned
;
so
are
Iohn
Husse
and
Hierome
of
Prague
;
Husse
was
first
degraded
,
and
then
delivered
up
to
the
Secular
power
;
upon
his
head
was
put
a
paper-Miter
,
with
the
picture
of
three
Divils
,
and
this
Inscription
,
[
This
is
the
Arch-heretick
:
]
Some
write
,
that
he
should
say
before
his
death
,
That
out
of
his
ashes
should
arise
a
Swan
which
they
should
not
burne
as
they
did
the
Goose
,
and
that
a
hundred
years
after
they
should
answer
to
God
and
him
.
Which
words
the
Pohemians
stamped
upon
some
of
their
coin
:
he
was
burned
in
Iuly
,
and
Hierome
of
Prague
the
next
September
after
.
In
this
Synod
was
renewed
the
decree
of
Communicating
under
one
kinde
:
It
was
also
ordered
,
that
the
fifth
year
after
the
end
of
this
Synod
should
be
the
beginning
of
another
,
and
afterward
every
tenth
year
a
Councel
should
be
held
;
by
virtue
of
this
constitution
a
Synod
was
held
at
Papia
,
which
from
thence
,
because
of
the
plague
,
was
translated
to
Sena
.
This
was
dissolved
by
Pope
Martin
5.
because
Alphonsus
King
of
Arragon
,
who
hated
Martin
,
endeavoured
to
restore
Petrus
Lunensus
to
the
Pontificat
,
which
at
Constance
hee
had
lost
:
therefore
Basil
is
designed
for
the
next
Synod
.
Iulianus
the
Cardinal
is
sent
into
Germany
to
promote
the
Bohemian
war
,
and
to
call
the
Synod
.
In
this
Councel
of
Basil
,
at
which
divers
learned
Bohemians
were
Iohn
Palaeologus
Emperour
of
Constantinople
,
who
came
for
aid
against
the
Turks
,
he
enjoyned
the
Synod
to
be
translated
to
Ferraria
,
and
from
thence
to
Florence
;
this
displeased
the
Fathers
of
Basil
,
who
desired
the
Greeks
to
repair
thither
,
if
they
meant
to
do
any
good
towards
their
union
with
the
Latine
Church
;
but
Eugenius
hindred
their
comming
,
and
now
Sigismund
being
dead
,
he
stirs
up
the
Dolphin
of
France
,
who
afterward
was
called
Lewis
the
11.
to
raise
the
Synod
with
a
great
Army
;
these
committed
great
insolencies
in
Alsatia
,
but
in
their
journey
to
Basil
were
worsted
by
the
Switzers
,
who
also
lost
their
lives
there
.
This
tumult
drove
away
from
Basil
the
Princes
Legats
;
the
Greeks
were
perswaded
in
this
assembly
at
Florence
to
assent
to
the
Procession
of
the
Holy
Ghost
,
CHAP.
II.
The
History
of
Swethland
and
Denmark
,
from
the
year
1412.
till
the
year
1587.
Of
Denmark
and
of
Swethland
,
till
1590.
IN
Swethland
(
as
we
have
said
)
to
Margaret
succeeded
her
nephew
Ericus
Charles
Canutus
,
and
fearing
the
Danish
forces
,
surrenders
himself
to
his
people
,
amongst
whom
afterward
he
reigned
peaceably
fourteen
years
from
his
Coronation
:
To
him
succeeded
Christopher
Palatin
,
Duke
of
Bavaria
nephew
to
Ericus
by
his
sister
;
he
had
wars
with
England
,
but
returning
victoriously
home
fell
upon
Sabec
without
any
successe
;
he
lost
his
Fleet
by
shipwrack
upon
the
coast
of
Suecia
,
as
he
was
striving
to
surprise
the
Vandalic
Cities
:
In
his
time
the
Kingdome
was
ruined
with
plague
and
famine
.
At
last
having
lost
in
the
sea
all
his
wealth
dieth
in
Denmark
childless
.
Swethland
being
governed
some
years
without
a
King
,
at
length
by
the
consent
of
the
Peers
who
were
weary
to
be
ruled
any
longer
by
Charles
Canutus
for
their
King
:
He
subdueth
Norway
,
and
layeth
heavy
Fines
upon
the
Danes
for
making
war
against
him
;
the
people
being
irritated
by
the
tyranny
of
their
Governours
,
and
animated
by
the
Archbishop
of
Upsalen
,
a
rebellion
is
raised
,
which
to
suppress
,
Charles
removes
to
Gedanum
,
where
he
expected
aide
from
Poland
;
in
the
interim
the
people
obtrudes
the
Kingdome
upon
Christiern
King
of
Denmark
and
crownes
him
.
Catillus
Bishop
of
Lincopen
,
and
the
Archbishops
Nephew
having
raised
an
Army
,
drives
out
of
the
kingdome
all
that
sided
with
Christiern
;
and
in
a
memorable
battel
defeats
Christiern
;
upon
this
Charles
is
called
home
out
of
Prussia
,
and
by
the
popular
breath
re-established
;
he
placed
milder
Governors
over
them
;
at
last
,
being
full
of
years
and
peace
,
died
,
to
whom
succeeded
Steno
Sture
,
Nephew
to
Charles
by
the
sister
;
he
defeated
the
Fleet
which
Christiern
had
sent
against
Stockholm
,
and
overthrew
his
Army
which
had
set
down
before
the
walls
,
so
that
after
this
he
never
made
any
attempt
against
Sweden
;
but
his
son
Iohn
,
by
the
assistance
of
the
Russians
,
and
taking
occasion
by
the
factions
between
Steno
and
Suanto
,
a
great
man
,
invaded
Swethland
,
where
by
a
Faction
he
was
crowned
;
but
shortly
after
suppressed
by
Steno
,
who
brought
back
to
Smalanda
the
Queen
of
Denmark
,
whom
Iohn
had
carried
away
and
married
;
but
shortly
after
at
a
feast
he
sickned
and
died
the
30
year
of
his
government
;
he
was
well
beloved
for
his
excellent
parts
,
but
chiefly
for
refusing
Suanto
Prince
of
the
Ostrogoths
,
and
Chancellor
of
the
Kingdome
,
is
elected
Prince
of
Swethland
.
Gaddus
Bishop
of
Lincopen
conveyed
privately
the
body
of
Steno
to
Stockholm
.
Suanto
having
entred
into
a
confederacy
with
the
Lubikers
,
Steno
Sture
the
younger
Suantons
son
succeeded
,
who
whilst
he
was
fighting
stoutly
against
Christiern
which
had
invaded
Swethland
with
a
new
Army
,
was
killed
by
a
cannon
bullet
;
he
being
dead
,
and
the
Swedish
Army
defeated
,
Christiern
was
invited
by
the
Danish
faction
,
&
is
crowned
,
but
the
Peers
whom
he
suspected
on
that
very
day
of
his
Coronation
are
treacherously
by
him
murthered
at
a
feast
,
having
caused
first
the
Town
gates
of
Stockholm
to
be
shut
,
that
none
might
escape
,
about
94
were
massacred
,
whose
bodies
were
left
unburied
three
dayes
on
the
ground
,
to
the
horror
of
the
spectators
;
the
body
of
Steno
but
lately
buried
,
by
the
command
of
this
new
Tyrant
is
digged
up
,
and
burned
with
the
rest
;
at
length
he
plundred
the
widows
and
sons
of
the
murthered
Nobility
;
but
hearing
In
the
mean
time
Gustavus
the
son
of
Ericus
who
had
escaped
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Dane
,
under
pretence
of
negotiating
for
Christina
the
widow
of
Steno
,
marrieth
with
Steno's
daughter
,
and
by
the
consent
of
the
Peers
,
and
wealth
of
the
Lubikers
,
enters
upon
the
possession
of
the
vacant
kingdome
;
after
this
he
abolisheth
the
old
religion
;
and
embraceth
the
doctrine
of
the
Augustine
confession
;
at
last
having
governed
the
kingdome
prudently
eight
and
thirty
years
,
he
departs
this
life
,
leaving
for
his
successor
Ericus
whom
he
begot
of
his
wife
Katharine
the
Duke
of
Saxons
daughter
;
after
he
was
crowned
at
Stockholm
,
he
made
wars
upon
the
Danes
and
Lubikers
;
by
which
Livonia
;
Ericus
being
suspitious
,
thought
his
brother
had
entred
into
league
with
the
Polonian
and
Dane
against
him
,
therefore
makes
war
upon
him
,
and
having
apprehended
him
with
his
wife
and
whole
family
at
Abo
a
Town
in
Finland
,
causeth
him
to
be
brought
to
Holmia
,
where
being
publikely
condemned
,
was
imprisoned
,
and
most
of
his
chief
friends
put
to
death
;
after
four
years
imprisonment
he
was
set
free
;
about
a
year
after
he
seiseth
on
his
brother
Ericus
,
devests
him
of
his
kingdome
,
and
commits
him
to
perpetual
imprisonment
:
hereupon
Iohn
is
made
king
of
Swethland
by
general
Poland
;
Iohn
was
of
his
fathers
religion
,
consonant
to
the
Augustine
confession
,
but
he
suffered
his
son
Sigismund
to
be
instructed
privately
by
his
mother
Katherine
in
the
Catholick
faith
,
yet
would
not
suffer
any
other
profession
but
Lutheranisme
publikely
in
his
own
kingdom
;
therefore
he
left
his
brother
Charles
Duke
of
Finland
,
a
rigid
Lutheran
,
as
an
hostage
with
his
people
,
that
no
innovation
should
be
in
their
Religion
,
and
withall
in
his
sons
absence
appointed
him
executor
In
Denmark
,
Margaret
,
as
is
already
said
,
being
dead
,
Ericus
reigned
alone
,
To
him
succeeded
Christianus
the
first
,
son
of
Theodoricus
Earl
of
Adenburg
,
To
him
succeeded
his
son
Iohn
the
first
;
he
married
Christina
daughter
of
Ernestus
Duke
of
Mysnia
,
who
bare
him
two
sons
Christiernus
and
Frederick
,
and
one
daughter
,
Elizabeth
,
who
was
married
to
Ioachim
Marquess
of
Brandeburg
;
this
Iohn
almost
reigned
two
and
thirty
years
over
Denmark
;
in
the
beginning
of
his
reign
,
some
of
the
prophane
Peers
stirred
him
up
against
the
Clergy
,
but
when
he
perceived
that
it
was
out
of
malice
and
covetousness
these
profane
men
desired
the
overthrow
of
the
Church
,
which
is
still
exposed
to
the
hatred
of
the
Laity
,
he
took
all
Ecclesiastick
persons
into
his
protection
ever
after
;
but
what
these
covetous
wretches
could
not
effect
by
this
King
against
the
Church
,
they
afterward
did
perform
by
Christiern
and
Frederick
the
first
.
Iohn
intended
war
against
Steno
Stura
Governour
of
Swede
,
which
his
mother
Dorothy
kept
off
whilst
she
lived
,
but
after
her
death
he
fought
and
subdued
the
Swedes
,
yet
scarce
injoyed
he
that
kingdome
three
years
,
for
Steno
and
Suanto
rebelled
,
to
the
hurt
of
both
kingdomes
.
Phalaris
,
Nero
,
or
Scylla
,
for
having
found
a
peaceable
and
plentiful
kingdom
,
he
left
it
most
calamitous
,
by
his
sacriledge
,
impieties
,
cruelties
and
perfidiousness
,
sparing
neither
ecclesiastick
nor
secular
persons
,
but
raging
on
the
dead
as
well
as
on
the
living
,
for
which
his
Nobility
were
so
offended
,
that
by
the
help
of
his
Uncle
and
Lubekers
,
they
drove
him
out
of
his
kingdome
,
the
9.
yeare
of
his
Francis
Sfortia
Duke
of
Millan
,
and
after
him
of
Francis
Duke
of
Loraine
.
Frederick
the
first
succeeds
King
of
Denmark
and
Norway
;
by
his
fathers
last
will
he
was
made
Duke
of
Slesvic
,
Holsatia
,
Stormaria
,
Wagria
,
and
Ditmarschia
;
but
being
a
child
of
nine
years
,
his
brother
the
king
divides
these
Countries
with
him
;
when
he
came
to
mans
estate
,
he
demanded
of
his
brother
the
Legacies
his
father
left
him
,
and
complained
for
detaining
his
Dominions
from
him
,
but
receiving
an
unpleasing
answer
,
he
was
contented
to
sit
quiet
so
long
as
his
brother
lived
,
whom
he
aided
also
in
his
wars
against
the
Ditmarshians
;
at
last
entring
into
a
confederacie
with
the
Danish
Nobility
,
drives
him
out
of
his
kingdome
for
his
tyranny
,
and
undertakes
the
Government
of
Denmark
and
Norway
;
Hafnia
surrendred
to
him
,
whither
calling
the
Nobility
together
,
he
held
a
Parliament
,
in
which
Christiern
for
his
tyranny
and
treachery
is
deposed
,
and
Frederick
elected
,
who
presently
confirmed
the
priviledges
Iohn
,
Adolphus
,
and
Frederick
,
and
three
daughters
,
Elizabeth
mother
to
Sophia
,
who
was
wife
to
Frederick
the
second
,
King
of
Denmark
,
Anna
that
died
of
the
Plague
,
and
Dorothy
the
second
.
Christianus
the
third
succeeded
;
he
first
of
all
took
care
to
settle
the
Churches
of
his
kingdom
,
committing
the
charge
of
a
general
visitation
of
Ecclesiastick
persons
to
Widenscius
Doctor
in
Divinity
,
whom
he
sent
for
out
of
Magdeburg
,
and
to
Hermannus
Tastius
Pastor
of
Flensburg
,
with
whom
were
joyned
some
of
the
Nobility
;
he
was
crowned
by
Iohn
Bugenhagius
of
Pomerania
,
Denmark
,
Anna
wife
to
Augustus
Elector
of
Saxony
and
Marquess
of
Mysnia
,
Magnus
Duke
of
Holsatia
,
Dorothy
wife
to
William
Duke
of
Brunswick
,
and
Iohn
the
younger
Duke
of
Frederick
the
second
succeeded
;
he
had
wars
7
years
together
with
Ericus
the
14.
King
of
Swethland
,
till
the
year
1570.
at
length
by
the
mediation
of
some
Princes
,
peace
is
concluded
between
him
and
Iohn
brother
to
Ericus
14.
all
the
rest
of
his
reign
he
lived
peaceably
;
at
last
he
fell
sick
of
a
lingring
disease
,
Octob.
3.
and
died
the
4.
of
April
following
,
having
first
received
the
Sacrament
,
Elizabeth
,
Anna
,
Christianus
,
Ulricus
,
Augusta
,
Hedewiges
,
and
Iohn
;
his
Successor
was
Christianus
the
Fourth
,
of
whom
we
will
speak
hereafter
.
CHAP.
III.
The
History
of
Holland
;
and
the
neighbouring
places
,
from
the
year
1404.
till
1514.
with
some
passages
of
Utricht
till
1580.
IN
Holland
,
Earl
Albert
being
dead
,
his
son
William
succeeded
,
commended
for
a
good
souldier
,
a
just
Prince
,
and
a
munificent
benefactor
to
the
poore
;
To
him
succeeded
his
onely
daughter
Iacoba
,
whose
whole
life
was
nothing
else
but
a
wrestling
with
bad
fortune
:
for
her
first
husband
the
Dolphin
of
France
,
Iohn
by
name
,
son
to
Charles
the
sixth
,
shortly
after
her
hasty
marriage
with
him
,
died
of
poyson
;
she
was
then
about
sixteen
years
old
,
in
the
prime
of
her
youth
,
when
she
gave
her
consent
to
marry
with
Iohn
of
Brabant
,
though
she
was
retarded
from
that
by
Religion
and
propinquity
of
blood
;
yet
Pope
Martin
the
sifth
gave
her
a
dispensation
,
which
was
revoked
again
by
the
authority
of
Sigismund
the
Emperour
.
This
being
unknown
to
Iacoba
,
she
consummates
the
matrimony
at
the
Hague
:
In
the
interim
,
Iohn
of
Bavaria
aiming
at
higher
matters
,
resignes
his
Episcopal
seat
to
the
Pope
,
and
marrieth
with
the
widow
of
Anthony
Duke
of
Brabant
;
besides
,
Sigismund
the
Emperour
confers
upon
Iohn
of
Bavaria
the
Arms
of
Holland
,
to
whom
that
Earldome
seemed
to
appertain
,
he
being
the
next
heir
male
,
to
whom
the
female
sex
was
to
give
place
:
Upon
this
,
he
enters
Holland
with
an
Army
,
notwithstanding
the
Grandees
resisted
his
claim
,
affirming
that
the
woman
was
capable
by
their
antient
laws
of
the
government
of
that
Earledome
:
But
Iohn
of
Burgundy
made
peace
between
them
upon
these
terms
;
that
what
the
Bavarian
did
possesse
,
he
should
enjoy
by
the
right
of
Fee
:
yet
the
next
year
,
the
war
was
renewed
by
the
City
of
Leyden
,
which
sided
with
Iacoba
;
but
the
inhabitants
being
pinched
with
a
strait
siege
,
were
forced
to
yeeld
,
and
submit
their
necks
to
a
new
Lord.
Iohn
of
Brabant
was
forced
,
though
without
his
wives
knowledge
,
to
deliver
up
the
whole
government
of
the
Country
to
the
Bavarian
;
hereupon
arose
divers
jealousies
and
quarrels
between
the
married
couple
,
so
that
she
grew
carelesse
,
out
of
indignation
,
both
of
her
husband
and
of
the
government
;
besides
,
the
sinistrous
wales
used
in
making
up
of
this
match
stuck
in
her
stomack
,
and
so
using
this
for
a
pretence
,
she
marrieth
the
D.
of
Glocester
,
without
the
Popes
dispensation
;
this
exasperated
her
former
husband
,
so
that
he
having
undertaken
the
government
of
Holland
upon
the
death
of
Iohn
of
Bavaria
,
goeth
into
Hannonia
,
and
being
assisted
by
the
Forces
of
Philip
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
overthrew
in
several
skirmishes
the
Army
of
Iacoba
,
whom
he
took
prisoner
and
delivered
her
to
the
Burgundian
,
till
the
Popes
opinion
or
judgement
was
known
concerning
this
match
;
but
she
escaped
to
Holland
in
a
mans
habit
,
where
she
was
joyfully
received
by
those
Cities
of
the
Hoecks
that
sided
with
her
,
but
many
other
Townes
adhered
to
Philip
the
Burgundian
:
Hence
followed
a
cruel
war
,
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
assisted
Iacoba
,
but
Philip
at
last
got
the
better
;
After
this
the
Popes
sentence
followed
,
making
her
divorce
from
her
former
husband
unlawful
,
with
a
command
that
she
should
commit
her self
to
the
custody
of
Amadeus
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
till
things
were
peaceably
composed
.
Hunfred
of
Gloucester
having
repudiated
his
wife
,
marrieth
with
another
:
After
this
Iacoba
laid
siege
to
Harlem
,
which
she
was
forced
to
raise
again
,
and
fight
with
Philip
of
Burgundy
,
whom
at
last
in
a
long
battel
she
overcame
,
and
drove
him
into
Leyden
.
In
the
mean
while
as
she
was
making
greater
preparations
,
Iohn
of
Brabant
,
from
whom
she
had
divorced
her self
,
died
,
which
now
put
her
in
great
hopes
of
obtaining
Holland
again
;
but
these
hopes
were
quickly
blasted
by
her
overthrow
she
received
neer
Wiringa
in
a
battel
against
Philip
,
with
whom
she
Articles
,
that
he
should
be
Protector
of
Holland
,
but
the
dominion
should
remain
in
her
,
besides
,
she
should
never
marry
without
the
consent
of
Philip
;
and
withall
,
if
she
died
childless
,
he
should
be
her
sole
Heir
:
so
the
Countrey
enjoyed
peace
a
while
,
which
afterward
broke
out
into
new
discords
;
for
Iacoba
being
of
a
libidinous
nature
,
fell
in
love
with
Francon
Borsalius
,
which
when
Philip
understood
,
suddenly
he
seiseth
on
him
,
and
sends
him
prisoner
to
Rupelmond
,
with
command
that
he
should
have
his
head
cut
off
;
but
the
Governour
of
the
Castle
being
loath
to
meddle
with
the
blood
of
so
great
a
man
,
gave
out
that
Borsalius
was
beheaded
;
Philip
repenting
of
his
rash
sentence
,
when
he
heard
of
this
,
was
much
grieved
,
and
wept
,
for
he
delighted
not
in
blood
;
but
when
he
heard
that
Borsalius
was
alive
,
he
rejoyced
exceedingly
,
and
withall
,
ratified
the
marriage
between
him
and
Iacoba
,
on
these
conditions
,
that
she
should
totally
resign
her
right
,
that
Borsalius
should
lay
claim
to
the
Earldome
of
Osterband
;
if
they
had
children
,
they
should
enjoy
their
ancient
Dominions
,
if
they
had
none
,
that
then
all
these
Countries
should
devolve
to
the
Heirs
of
Philip
the
Burgundian
;
and
so
she
dying
childless
,
the
House
of
Burgundy
became
Lords
of
Hannonia
,
Holland
,
Zeland
,
and
West-Friesland
;
and
thus
Philip
became
a
most
potent
Prince
,
his
first
Marriage
with
Michaelia
the
daughter
of
Charles
the
sixth
of
France
was
sterile
,
and
so
was
his
second
Matrimony
;
but
by
the
third
match
with
Elizabeth
of
Portugal
he
had
three
sons
,
one
of
whom
,
Martin
by
name
(
the
rest
being
dead
)
succeeded
him
.
Philip
after
this
had
long
wars
with
the
French
,
at
last
a
peace
is
concluded
upon
this
condition
,
that
Philip
should
endeavour
to
recover
amongst
other
territories
the
Earledome
of
Gisen
,
but
from
this
he
was
hindred
by
the
English
out
of
Calice
,
which
was
then
under
them
.
At
this
time
,
the
tumults
of
Gaunt
and
Bruges
filled
the
whole
Country
with
disorders
:
One
day
as
Philip
was
passing
through
Bruges
,
the
Citizens
fell
upon
his
Company
,
killed
the
chiefest
of
his
Nobility
,
and
if
he
had
not
broken
open
the
gates
,
he
had
been
murthered
there
himself
,
so
that
he
narrowly
escaped
.
This
high
indignity
he
could
not
digest
,
till
he
had
besieged
the
town
so
closely
,
that
it
was
pinched
both
with
poverty
and
hunger
,
for
want
of
trading
and
provision
:
whereupon
the
town
is
surrendred
,
eighteen
of
the
chief
plotters
were
put
to
death
,
and
the
rest
forced
to
redeem
their
lives
,
and
the
Princes
favour
with
a
great
sum
of
money
:
after
this
he
suppresseth
the
Gantois
,
and
other
factions
thereabout
;
he
made
his
natural
sonne
David
Bishop
of
Utricht
,
though
the
Citizens
withstood
him
;
he
also
assisted
by
his
power
Lewis
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
at
which
time
the
solemnity
and
ceremonies
of
the
golden
Fleece
were
performed
at
the
Hague
;
this
Order
was
first
instituted
at
the
Nuptials
of
Philip
and
Isabel.
In
the
mean
time
those
of
Liege
offered
divers
wrongs
to
the
Earls
hereditary
countries
,
and
drove
Lewis
Burbon
out
of
his
Bishoprick
.
The
Earls
son
Charles
,
sirnamed
Bellicous
,
or
Hardy
,
was
sent
with
an
Army
to
suppress
them
,
which
he
did
,
but
they
presently
rebelled
again
,
whereupon
the
City
Dinan●…um
,
a
famous
place
then
,
is
made
the
object
of
the
Souldiers
fury
,
who
killed
many
of
them
with
the
sword
,
and
drowned
multitudes
in
the
Mose
;
they
overthrow
the
Towers
and
Walls
of
the
City
,
and
burned
down
the
houses
with
fire
;
so
at
last
the
Citizens
of
Liege
were
forced
by
this
exemplary
punishment
to
submit
,
and
beg
the
Princes
favour
.
After
these
wars
,
this
good
Earl
died
with
age
and
sickness
at
Brugis
the
73
year
of
his
age
,
to
whom
succeeded
Charles
Mortin
,
called
the
Bellicous
;
he
was
three
times
To
him
succeeded
his
onely
daughter
Mary
,
the
last
of
the
house
of
Burgundy
,
from
which
the
right
of
those
Countries
were
translated
to
the
House
of
Austria
,
and
so
to
Spain
;
her
tuition
Iohn
of
Clive
undertook
,
till
she
was
married
to
Maximilian
son
to
Frederick
the
third
,
Emperour
,
which
was
the
originall
of
the
House
of
Austria's
greatness
.
Lewis
the
French
King
sought
her
for
his
son
,
but
was
rejected
,
for
which
he
was
highly
incensed
.
The
troubles
arose
again
between
the
Hoecks
who
took
Leyden
,
&
the
Cabillans
who
seised
upon
Dort.
The
Princess
in
hunting
was
flung
from
her
horse
,
with
which
fall
she
broke
a
rib
,
and
died
of
an
Imposthume
,
she
was
buried
at
Bruges
,
to
the
great
grief
of
her
husband
,
to
whom
she
bare
Philip
of
Austria
,
Francis
who
died
an
infant
,
and
Margaret
.
Philip
the
second
,
Heir
of
these
Dominions
,
being
scarce
as
yet
four
years
old
,
had
Maximilian
his
father
for
his
Governour
,
by
whose
prudence
the
factions
of
the
Hoecks
and
Cabillans
were
quieted
,
the
rebellion
of
the
Geldrians
suppressed
,
the
Townes
of
Ruremund
and
V●…nloa
having
submitted
;
he
extinguished
also
the
differences
with
France
,
by
betrothing
his
daughter
Margaret
to
the
Dolphin
,
who
was
deluded
by
him
,
affecting
rather
the
D.
of
Britanies
onely
daughter
,
whom
he
married
.
Maximilian
had
also
wars
with
Gaunt
and
Brugis
,
whose
stout
stomack
he
at
last
suppressed
;
but
after
he
was
called
to
the
Empire
,
he
left
the
care
of
Belgium
to
his
son
Philip
,
now
almost
sixteen
years
of
age
;
he
by
Iohanna
daughter
to
Ferdinand
King
of
Spain
begot
Charles
the
fifth
,
Ferdinand
King
of
Charles
,
by
the
death
of
Maximilian
Emperour
,
his
Grandfather
,
is
chosen
by
the
general
suffrage
of
the
Electors
,
Emperour
of
the
Romanes
;
who
was
no
sooner
gone
into
Germany
,
but
the
Spaniards
rebelled
,
by
meanes
of
the
insolent
Government
of
William
Croijus
Chierius
,
whom
Charles
had
left
as
Viceroy
of
Spain
;
the
Nobility
envied
the
government
of
a
stranger
.
Peter
Gironius
,
being
aided
by
the
Peers
,
under
colour
of
vindicating
the
liberty
of
Spaine
,
goeth
to
Valledolid
,
where
he
seiseth
upon
Ioan
Mother
of
Charles
,
and
carried
her
away
as
his
prisoner
;
but
suddenly
an
Army
of
Imperialists
being
levied
,
they
regained
the
Queen
,
set
her
at
liberty
,
and
put
to
death
the
chief
rebels
,
Charles
finding
how
requisite
his
presence
was
,
to
extinguish
the
fire
of
intestine
seditions
,
makes
a
journey
to
Spain
,
where
he
stayed
eight
years
;
but
whilst
his
presence
quieted
Spaine
,
his
absence
occasioned
troubles
in
the
Netherlands
,
raised
by
the
Geldrians
,
and
Zutphanians
,
who
being
at
last
subdued
,
were
forced
to
submit
to
the
pleasure
of
the
Conquerour
,
which
was
,
that
Gelderland
and
Zutphania
being
escheated
to
the
Emperour
,
they
should
be
held
in
fee
from
him
;
this
Zutphan
is
a
town
in
Gelderland
,
and
hath
Ysle
.
Groyning
also
a
Towne
of
West-Friesland
,
which
had
been
wrested
from
the
Duke
of
Saxony
by
the
Earle
of
East-Friesland
,
and
sold
to
Charles
Duke
of
Gelders
,
was
to
be
surrendred
to
Charles
the
Empe●…
;
to
whom
also
Henry
of
Bavaria
,
the
last
Bishop
of
Utricht
,
being
expelled
by
the
Citizens
thereof
and
Duke
of
Gelders
,
resigned
his
jurisdiction
;
the
first
temporal
Lord
of
it
was
Charles
,
who
built
a
fair
strong
Castle
here
;
yet
I
finde
in
Bell-Forest
upon
Guicciardin
,
that
William
Enckewort
Cardinal
,
and
Bishop
of
Tortona
in
Spain
,
CHAP.
IV.
The
History
of
Savoy
,
and
the
neighbouring
parts
,
from
the
year
1397.
till
the
year
1452.
IN
Savoy
,
Amadeus
the
8.
succeeded
to
his
father
Amadeus
the
7.
There
was
Bona
Biturica
his
mother
,
Bona
Borbonia
his
grandmother
,
Lewis
of
Savoy
Prince
of
Morea
(
who
had
married
his
sister
)
the
Earl
of
Geneva
,
and
Philip
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
did
all
claim
an
interest
in
this
childs
tuition
,
and
government
of
his
Earldome
:
this
gave
occasion
of
great
differences
,
which
were
not
ended
till
Amadeus
himself
being
now
of
age
,
and
having
married
Mary
of
Burgundy
(
according
to
the
desire
of
both
parents
whilst
they
lived
)
undertook
the
government
:
He
was
a
Prince
of
great
hopes
,
and
on
whose
prudence
and
power
his
neighbours
did
much
relie
.
Italy
at
this
time
was
grievously
afflicted
with
plagues
,
sudden
deaths
,
Civil
wars
,
and
schismes
in
the
Church
,
all
which
were
portended
by
a
direful
Comet
,
and
other
fearful
meteors
.
For
mitigating
of
Gods
wrath
,
and
removing
of
these
judgements
,
supplication
and
processions
were
made
through
all
Towns
and
Villages
,
multitudes
of
people
going
about
in
white
garments
,
and
such
as
did
not
wear
this
colour
and
go
about
with
them
,
were
counted
prophane
;
this
garment
was
of
white
linnen
;
which
covered
them
all
over
head
and
foot
:
All
ages
,
sexes
and
conditions
of
people
,
from
the
meanest
sort
to
the
Princes
,
undertook
this
Penance
freely
,
chiefly
the
Clergy
of
all
degrees
,
so
that
for
three
whole
months
there
was
no
other
publike
exercise
performed
;
neither
during
that
time
,
were
there
any
quarrels
or
Law-suits
.
This
Amadeus
bestowed
upon
the
Celestine
Order
all
that
building
called
the
Savoy
at
Lions
,
which
heretofore
had
belonged
to
the
Knights
Templers
,
but
after
their
abolition
to
the
Knights
of
S.
Iohn
of
Ierusalem
,
which
buildings
these
Knights
had
bestowed
upon
Amadeus
4.
for
his
good
service
in
recovering
the
Isle
of
Rhodes
to
the
Christians
:
The
same
Amadeus
8.
gave
order
to
his
son
Lewis
to
build
a
Chappel
in
that
place
,
and
to
increase
the
revenew
of
those
few
Monks
which
he
had
invited
thither
,
having
as
yet
no
more
but
seventy
five
crowns
per
annum
allowed
them
,
which
was
performed
by
Lewis
accordingly
,
who
also
enlarged
the
bounds
of
the
Monastery
;
this
was
in
honour
of
Peter
Celestin
not
long
before
canonized
.
About
this
time
Iohn
Bishop
of
Liege
was
expelled
his
Bishopprick
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
pursued
also
in
a
hostile
manner
:
this
wrong
William
Earle
of
Henault
did
highly
resent
(
for
this
Iohn
was
his
brother
)
and
presently
implores
aid
from
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
who
had
married
their
sister
,
against
the
Liegers
;
the
Burgundian
assents
,
and
withall
invites
to
the
confederacie
Amadeus
,
who
had
married
his
sister
:
these
raised
a
great
Army
,
a
cruel
battel
is
fought
,
in
which
Pierweisius
the
chief
author
of
the
Bishops
expulsion
,
and
his
son
,
who
assumed
the
title
of
Bishop
of
Liege
,
with
eight
and
twenty
thousand
Liegers
were
slain
,
and
Iohn
the
Bavarian
restored
again
to
his
Bishopprick
:
Virius
General
of
the
Savoyan
forces
,
with
the
Gentry
of
Savoy
that
were
with
him
,
behaved
themselves
so
gallantly
in
this
conflict
,
that
the
Burgundian
invited
three
hundred
of
them
allowing
large
stipends
to
be
of
his
Life-guard
,
setting
Virius
over
them
as
Captain
;
but
not
long
after
,
some
differences
falling
out
between
Amadeus
and
Lewis
Duke
of
Burbon
about
the
Principality
of
Dumbar
,
which
the
Savoyan
claimed
as
a
part
of
his
dominon
,
Virius
boldly
by
a
Herauld
denounces
war
against
Lewis
of
Burbon
,
at
which
the
Duke
wondred
that
a
private
man
durst
be
so
bold
,
therefore
he
suspected
that
Amadeus
had
authorized
him
to
do
so
,
and
the
rather
,
because
Virius
had
seised
upon
some
Castles
in
the
Country
of
Dumbar
:
Some
think
that
he
was
encouraged
by
Iohn
Duke
of
Burbon
;
however
it
was
,
the
Burbonian
with
an
Army
before
Virius
was
aware
,
regained
all
the
Castles
which
he
had
taken
,
and
withall
threatens
to
proclaim
war
against
the
Savoyan
,
if
Virius
be
not
delivered
up
to
him
:
the
Savoyan
who
disclaimed
altogether
this
rashness
and
boldness
of
Virius
,
delivers
him
up
to
the
Burbonian
,
conditionally
that
he
should
be
used
as
a
prisoner
of
war
,
and
dismissed
again
after
he
had
received
satisfaction
from
him
for
the
losses
sustained
;
this
was
agreed
upon
,
and
the
difference
about
the
right
of
homage
which
the
Savoyan
demanded
of
the
Burbonian
,
was
composed
by
the
Duke
of
Berry
;
but
this
accord
was
not
long-lived
,
for
Charles
6.
King
of
France
being
offended
with
the
Dukes
of
Orleans
and
Burbon
upon
suspicions
and
jealousies
,
invites
Iohn
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
Amadeus
to
fall
upon
the
lands
of
Orleans
and
Burbon
with
fire
and
sword
,
which
was
done
accordingly
:
Amadeus
employes
Virius
,
giving
him
the
charge
of
five
hundred
Curisers
,
Fierbourgius
is
sent
by
the
Burgundian
,
these
make
havock
of
all
whither
they
went
:
Berry
,
Burbon
and
Orleans
being
highly
incensed
at
these
wrongs
,
enter
into
a
league
both
against
the
Burgundian
,
whose
greatness
they
hated
,
and
the
rather
because
his
power
was
greater
with
the
French
King
then
all
the
other
Princes
;
and
likewise
against
the
Savoyan
,
who
had
married
the
Burgundians
sister
.
What
miseries
and
desolation
fell
upon
France
by
this
confederacie
,
may
be
seen
at
large
in
the
French
Histories
.
This
Amadeus
waited
upon
Sigismund
the
Emperour
,
as
the
second
Earle
of
the
Empire
,
when
he
went
to
France
about
a
Synod
for
removing
of
the
Papal
schisme
;
the
Emperours
Ambassadours
could
do
no
good
,
therefore
he
was
fain
to
go
himself
,
being
attended
upon
(
according
to
the
ancient
custome
when
the
Emperour
travels
out
of
the
Imperial
bounds
)
by
the
Princes
Electors
,
four
Dukes
,
four
Lantgraves
,
four
Marquesses
,
and
four
Earles
of
the
Empire
:
Amadeus
in
his
journey
fell
sick
;
some
think
truly
,
some
think
fainedly
,
as
being
unwilling
to
meet
or
converse
with
Orleans
,
the
Burgundians
Barnabas
Guanon
the
new
elected
governour
of
Genua
(
George
Adurinus
the
ancient
governour
having
freely
laid
down
his
office
in
these
tumults
)
is
apprehended
and
condemned
of
treason
;
but
before
the
expiration
of
one
year
,
this
Barnabas
was
by
Thomas
Fregosius
thrust
out
of
his
office
,
and
banished
from
Genua
.
Though
Now
Amadeus
being
sixty
five
years
old
,
and
growing
weary
of
the
world
,
reputing
with
himself
the
hazard
,
vanity
,
and
uncertainty
of
humane
affairs
,
resolves
to
change
his
course
of
life
,
and
to
perswade
some
of
those
Knights
on
whom
he
had
alwayes
most
relied
,
to
do
the
like
;
but
first
he
picks
out
two
of
them
,
whom
he
took
aside
into
a
private
place
,
and
acquainted
them
[
That
he
alwayes
truly
loved
them
,
so
that
he
still
rejoyced
in
their
company
and
presence
when
he
was
in
all
his
glory
;
and
now
desirous
to
live
a
private
and
retired
life
from
the
tumults
of
the
world
,
he
was
in
good
hope
they
would
not
forsake
him
,
promising
that
he
would
never
forget
their
kindnesse
in
this
,
and
that
for
diet
and
cloathing
they
should
do
no
worse
then
he
.
]
These
two
Gentlemen
wondring
much
at
this
resolution
of
the
Duke
,
[
gave
him
humble
thanks
for
his
good
opinion
of
them
,
and
his
affection
to
them
;
but
with
all
they
wished
him
to
consider
,
that
God
had
inlarged
his
Dominions
and
Titles
also
,
that
now
he
was
at
peace
with
all
his
neighbours
,
that
he
had
dutiful
and
obedient
subjects
,
and
a
fair
issue
of
children
,
and
that
nothing
was
wanting
to
make
him
truly
happy
;
therefore
humbly
desired
that
he
would
not
prefer
a
private
life
to
the
welfare
of
his
people
committed
to
his
charge
,
whom
he
ought
to
rule
and
keep
in
peace
,
to
advance
the
good
,
and
punish
the
bad
,
to
chuse
out
such
men
as
might
administer
justice
without
partiality
,
that
this
was
the
high
way
to
eternal
happiness
;
This
they
thought
good
,
out
of
their
duty
,
to
put
him
in
minde
of
,
yet
no
wayes
willing
to
crosse
his
designs
.
]
To
this
the
Duke
replied
,
[
That
they
were
mistaken
in
placing
true
happiness
in
outward
splendor
and
dominion
;
for
(
saith
he
)
There
is
no
felicity
but
where
is
liberty
,
which
is
onely
to
be
found
in
the
private
life
,
being
secluded
from
the
tumults
and
disquietness
,
cares
and
fears
,
the
unseparable
companions
of
greatness
;
for
a
private
man
enjoyes
more
happiness
in
a
day
,
then
a
Prince
doth
in
a
year
;
for
the
one
can
travel
up
and
down
the
world
securely
,
and
satisfie
his
eyes
and
minde
with
those
delights
,
which
the
other
cannot
without
much
fear
and
danger
both
to
his
own
person
and
subjects
;
for
how
many
Princes
have
been
taken
travelling
out
of
their
own
dominions
,
imprisoned
,
and
shamefully
murthered
,
even
to
the
hazarding
of
their
people
,
who
by
this
means
have
been
exposed
as
a
prey
to
their
enemies
;
besides
,
Princes
ears
are
still
abused
by
flattering
Parasites
,
so
that
they
seldome
hear
the
truth
,
and
are
made
believe
they
are
adorned
with
most
vertues
,
and
blessed
with
greater
happiness
then
all
other
men
,
which
is
most
false
,
and
meer
mockery
:
Again
,
private
men
are
for
the
most
part
longer-lived
and
healthier
then
Princes
,
as
being
contented
with
more
simple
fare
,
having
better
stomacks
by
reason
of
exercise
,
and
the
fresh
air
which
they
still
enjoy
;
whereas
we
are
cloyed
with
variety
of
dishes
,
sauces
,
and
drinks
,
so
that
many
times
we
loath
our
meat
,
and
are
oppressed
with
surfeitting
and
drunkenness
,
and
those
bad
effects
which
ensue
from
thence
.
Now
if
you
will
look
upon
the
actions
of
Princes
,
whatsoever
good
successe
they
have
in
wars
and
government
,
is
ascribed
to
fortune
,
or
to
their
Counsellours
,
or
the
courage
of
their
souldiers
;
but
if
any
thing
falls
out
amisse
,
if
a
battel
or
City
be
lost
,
the
fault
is
presently
imputed
to
the
Prince
,
as
being
either
careless
,
or
treacherous
,
or
timorous
:
I
will
say
nothing
of
the
continual
jealousies
and
suspitions
of
Princes
;
in
time
of
war
they
are
still
fearful
lest
their
counsels
may
be
betraied
,
or
their
persons
delivered
up
to
the
enemy
,
in
time
of
peace
they
are
afraid
of
insurrections
;
they
are
also
still
molested
with
the
unbridled
desire
of
domination
,
preferring
that
to
all
rights
of
affinity
and
consanguinity
:
it
is
also
madness
to
count
them
happy
because
they
possess
much
,
for
the
greater
their
possessions
are
,
the
greater
are
their
molestations
,
and
the
more
they
have
,
the
more
they
covet
;
whereas
private
men
are
content
with
little
,
and
their
desires
are
comprehended
within
a
narrow
circumference
.
I
will
not
deny
,
but
there
is
some
happiness
in
those
Princes
that
can
by
their
milde
and
just
government
procure
the
good
will
of
their
subjects
,
but
this
holds
not
long
,
for
they
are
forced
oftentimes
to
punish
Delinquents
,
and
to
impose
heavy
taxes
and
payments
on
their
subjects
,
by
which
they
forfeit
the
love
and
good
opinion
they
should
have
of
their
people
,
and
so
they
live
still
in
fears
and
jealousies
,
though
they
have
about
them
strong
guards
;
therefore
if
you
duely
consider
the
condition
of
Princes
,
you
will
finde
much
more
felicity
in
rejecting
then
accepting
of
a
Crown
,
which
is
stuft
with
so
many
cares
and
fears
,
that
if
you
should
finde
it
on
the
ground
,
you
would
scare
stoop
to
take
it
up
.
These
are
the
reasons
(
my
friends
)
why
I
desire
to
withdraw
my self
out
of
the
tempestuous
sea
of
publike
employments
,
into
the
safe
and
quiet
harbour
of
a
private
life
,
hoping
to
injoy
more
happiness
then
heretofore
,
and
the
rather
if
I
can
have
the
fruition
of
your
society
:
I
will
therefore
commit
the
burthen
of
government
to
my
son
Lewis
,
yet
reserving
to
my self
the
chiefest
power
and
command
.
]
The
two
Knights
hoping
that
the
Duke
would
not
continue
long
in
this
resolution
,
but
that
it
was
a
sudden
conceit
,
which
upon
more
serious
thoughts
he
would
change
,
assented
to
his
desires
,
professing
they
would
never
forsake
,
but
follow
him
withersoever
he
went
,
humbly
thanking
him
for
counting
them
worthy
of
so
great
honour
as
to
impart
to
them
his
resolutions
,
and
to
chuse
them
as
his
companions
.
Upon
this
,
the
Duke
about
midnight
accompanied
onely
with
these
two
,
and
a
few
more
of
his
domesticks
,
removes
to
Ripallium
,
where
about
a
mile
from
the
Town
stood
a
large
and
pleasant
building
upon
the
bank
of
the
lake
Lausanna
,
which
Amadeus
in
his
younger
years
had
built
there
for
pleasure
;
there
stood
also
a
Monastery
dedicated
to
S.
Maurice
,
whom
Amadeus
his
ancestours
highly
honoured
as
their
titular
Saint
:
Hither
the
Duke
having
entred
,
puts
on
the
same
Monastical
habit
which
the
Monks
of
that
place
wore
;
the
garment
was
long
,
of
an
ash-colour
,
which
was
girt
with
a
rich
girdle
,
over
this
a
cloak
with
a
golden
cross
on
it
;
the
garment
had
a
long
hood
,
which
when
the
Monks
let
fall
on
their
shouldiers
,
they
wore
on
their
heads
red
hats
like
Cardinals
;
they
used
also
to
bear
in
their
hand
a
writhed
and
knobbed
staffe
:
Aeneas
Sylvius
,
afterward
Pope
Pius
the
2.
saw
this
Duke
in
this
habit
,
attended
upon
by
ten
Knights
in
the
same
habit
,
and
of
the
same
order
.
But
this
sudden
departure
and
resolution
of
the
Duke
did
much
amaze
his
Nobility
,
being
no
wayes
acquainted
with
his
counsels
in
this
;
all
his
subjects
also
were
much
troubled
that
he
should
forsake
his
glory
and
dominions
to
imbrace
such
a
life
,
who
sent
to
acquaint
him
how
unpleasing
this
act
of
his
was
to
his
people
of
all
sorts
,
and
how
unbeseeming
his
own
greatness
and
wisdome
;
but
he
returns
answer
,
That
by
this
departure
he
had
neither
diminished
his
greatness
nor
judgement
,
nor
his
care
of
them
,
but
would
provide
that
the
State
of
Savoy
should
receive
no
damage
thereby
,
therefore
wished
them
to
persevere
in
their
wonted
allegiance
;
In
the
interim
he
sends
for
all
the
chief
men
of
his
dominions
,
desiring
his
two
sons
might
be
brought
to
him
;
then
he
declares
Lewis
his
eldest
son
Prince
of
Piemont
,
and
his
younger
Earl
of
Geneva
,
and
so
delivers
over
to
Lewis
the
government
of
all
his
Provinces
on
both
sides
of
the
Alpes
,
but
reserving
to
himself
the
supreme
power
,
neither
did
he
lay
aside
the
title
of
Duke
,
nor
would
he
have
any
thing
of
concernment
acted
without
his
knowledge
and
approbation
.
At
last
he
dismisses
the
Assembly
or
Parliament
,
wishing
them
to
retire
to
their
homes
,
and
to
be
obedient
to
his
Sons
;
twenty
of
his
domestick
servants
he
retained
with
him
,
the
rest
departed
with
great
sorrow
.
The
Duke
took
great
pleasure
in
conferring
with
the
Prior
of
that
Covent
,
telling
him
,
That
now
his
life
did
much
resemble
the
condition
of
those
who
having
escaped
shipwrack
,
sate
securely
on
the
shore
,
beholding
those
ships
that
were
strugling
with
the
winds
and
waves
,
fearing
every
hour
to
be
swallowed
up
by
the
impetuous
billows
of
that
angry
element
.
To
whom
the
Prior
replied
gravely
;
[
There
is
nothing
(
saith
he
)
Excellent
Prince
,
that
more
resembles
the
wretched
life
of
man
then
Navigation
;
for
we
see
that
they
who
are
not
accustomed
to
the
sea-life
,
nauseate
and
grow
sick
with
the
agitation
of
the
ship
,
who
thinking
to
aleviate
and
ease
themselves
,
get
into
the
Cock-boat
,
as
if
the
cause
of
their
nauseating
proceeded
from
the
greatness
of
the
ship
,
not
the
agitation
thereof
:
just
so
are
we
,
who
being
troubled
and
disquieted
in
minde
as
it
were
with
the
assiduous
waves
and
storms
of
the
tumultuous
sea
of
this
world
,
think
that
the
laying
aside
our
greatness
,
dignities
,
wealth
and
publike
imployments
will
ease
us
,
and
that
we
shall
live
happily
and
securely
in
solitudes
,
cloysters
,
and
retirements
;
but
we
delude
our selves
with
shews
and
appearances
,
for
storms
may
as
well
attend
on
him
who
lives
in
a
cottage
,
as
in
a
Palace
.
Pardon
me
,
most
Illustrious
Prince
,
if
I
speak
freely
,
for
I
am
bound
by
my
Allegiance
and
Order
,
to
speak
truth
without
flattery
,
which
is
the
bane
of
Princes
,
and
doth
more
mischiefe
to
them
,
then
open
enemies
:
It
is
no
great
matter
to
forsake
your
Palace
,
State
and
Honours
,
if
you
forsake
not
your selfe
,
for
he
that
follows
Christ
must
deny
himselfe
;
he
that
retires
into
a
desart
,
and
carries
with
him
his
unsetled
thoughts
,
and
unruly
affections
,
what
benefit
hath
he
more
then
they
who
remove
out
of
one
place
or
air
into
another
?
We
must
therefore
above
all
things
clear
and
purifie
our
mindes
from
all
grosse
and
terrene
thoughts
,
before
we
can
be
fit
for
heavenly
meditations
:
Christs
souldiers
must
not
be
intangled
with
the
affairs
of
the
world
,
saith
the
Apostle
;
for
as
the
eye
cannot
at
the
same
time
look
upward
and
downward
,
neither
can
the
soul
elevate
it self
to
Heaven
,
whilst
it
is
depressed
with
the
weight
of
earthly
thoughts
,
as
they
are
whom
the
delights
,
honours
,
and
riches
of
this
world
have
wholly
possessed
,
whom
the
world
forsakes
before
they
forsake
it
.
Married
men
are
still
perplexed
with
cares
for
their
family
and
children
;
single
men
have
a
continual
conflict
with
their
unbridled
lusts
:
some
are
incessantly
troubled
with
desire
of
wealth
,
others
of
revenge
,
some
of
honours
,
others
are
never
satisfied
with
pleasures
;
how
many
do
we
see
expose
their
lives
to
the
dangers
of
the
sea
in
their
long
Navigations
to
remote
Countries
,
for
a
little
gain
?
few
dayes
passe
in
which
the
serenity
of
our
souls
is
not
obnubilated
with
the
clouds
and
fogs
of
terrene
affections
,
so
that
sometimes
we
are
deprived
of
our
nights
rest
;
our
best
course
therefore
is
to
bid
adieu
to
the
world
,
to
despise
her
flatterings
,
to
divorce
the
body
from
the
soul
,
and
not
to
suffer
any
commerce
in
spiritual
things
between
them
,
and
withal
to
account
the
storms
(
which
sometimes
seise
on
us
,
and
which
we
canno●…
avoid
in
our
Navigation
through
this
tempestuous
Ocean
)
sent
by
God
to
drive
us
home
the
sooner
to
the
wished
for
haven
of
happiness
:
Let
us
so
use
the
world
as
if
we
used
it
not
;
let
us
not
so
set
our
affections
on
friends
,
country
,
wealth
,
honours
,
and
other
mundane
emoluments
,
as
to
grieve
or
to
be
troubled
when
we
are
separated
from
them
;
let
us
part
without
repining
with
our
wealth
,
lands
and
possessions
,
by
which
oftentimes
the
minde
is
clogged
,
Gods
anger
provoked
,
and
much
mischief
procured
;
so
shall
we
finde
a
new
light
shine
in
our
souls
;
and
we
shall
become
new
creatures
,
having
put
off
the
skin
of
our
old
natures
,
so
shall
our
souls
be
fitted
like
wax
to
receive
new
impressions
of
grace
,
when
the
old
characters
of
our
froward
and
perverse
dispositions
are
obliterated
,
which
is
effected
by
the
benefit
of
a
retired
life
,
by
which
our
exorbitant
and
boyling
affections
are
cooled
,
and
the
unruly
motions
of
our
mindes
,
like
so
many
wilde
beasts
are
tamed
;
by
this
means
the
venomous
weeds
of
pride
,
lust
,
hatred
,
covetousness
,
and
such
like
will
be
eradicated
,
that
the
tender
plants
of
grace
and
piety
may
prosper
and
flourish
in
us
;
our
tongues
shall
be
accustomed
to
praise
God
,
our
ears
to
hear
his
will
,
our
eyes
to
behold
his
glory
,
wisdome
and
power
in
the
Creation
and
Government
of
the
Universe
;
our
whole
senses
,
faculties
and
imployments
will
be
totally
taken
up
in
spiritual
delights
and
comfortable
fruition
of
our
God
,
whose
sweetness
will
make
us
account
all
things
else
bitter
and
unpleasant
;
to
attain
which
happiness
,
the
readiest
way
is
to
devote
our selves
to
prayer
,
reading
,
and
meditation
on
the
writings
and
holy
lives
of
those
blessed
souls
,
who
by
fighting
the
good
fight
,
have
now
attained
the
Crown
of
righteousness
:
For
as
Painters
who
take
the
copy
of
a
choice
picture
,
look
stedfastly
on
it
,
and
take
notice
of
the
least
lineament
;
so
must
we
diligently
observe
and
follow
exactly
the
lives
and
behaviour
of
those
holy
men
,
conforming
our selves
as
near
as
may
be
to
their
strictness
of
life
;
this
course
if
we
take
,
we
shall
doubtless
obtain
our
desires
,
but
if
we
give
off
and
faint
,
our
labours
will
be
lost
,
and
our
end
miserable
.
This
was
the
summe
of
the
Priors
speech
,
with
which
the
Duke
was
much
delighted
.
The
Councel
of
Basil
(
a
Town
in
Helvetia
upon
the
Rhine
)
being
called
first
by
Pope
Martin
,
then
by
Pope
Eugenius
,
for
setling
the
controversies
of
Husse
,
as
we
have
already
said
;
after
the
controverted
points
were
determined
by
Iulian
the
Cardinal
,
Pope
Eugenius
his
Apostolical
Legat
,
a
reformation
of
the
Hierarchie
was
urged
:
Philip
Duke
of
Millan
a
great
enemy
to
Eugenius
,
stirred
up
the
Princes
and
Cardinals
against
him
,
accusing
him
of
divers
crimes
;
being
cited
,
he
refuseth
to
come
,
but
sends
his
Legats
,
whereupon
the
Cardinals
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Synod
,
depose
Eugenius
,
and
substitute
in
his
place
this
Amadeus
,
who
for
his
sanctity
and
piety
was
now
grown
famous
;
Eugenius
in
vain
goeth
about
to
dissolve
the
Synod
,
and
calls
another
at
Ferraria
,
which
because
of
the
plague
was
translated
to
Florence
.
Amadens
,
now
called
Felix
the
5.
is
sent
unto
by
his
son
in
law
the
Duke
of
Millan
,
and
the
Fathers
of
the
Synod
to
acquaint
him
with
his
election
;
he
modestly
desired
to
be
excused
,
in
regard
he
was
unfit
for
so
great
a
burthen
and
honour
,
having
now
renounced
the
world
,
and
being
bred
a
souldier
,
he
was
altogethet
ignorant
of
Ecclesiastick
affairs
;
that
office
is
fittest
for
one
(
saith
he
)
who
hath
spent
his
whole
time
in
Church
matters
,
otherwise
it
may
prove
as
unfortunate
as
it
did
to
Peter
Moravius
,
an.
1294.
who
though
a
professed
Anachorite
of
the
Celestine
Order
,
yet
accepted
of
the
Pontificat
,
being
altogether
ignorant
what
belonged
to
that
high
imployment
,
and
so
having
sat
six
months
,
was
deposed
,
and
ended
his
life
in
prison
;
prosperity
is
more
dangerous
then
adversity
;
this
is
oftentimes
mastered
,
that
is
harder
to
be
overcome
:
Thus
he
excused
himself
;
but
at
last
by
the
importunity
of
the
Legats
sent
by
Duke
Philip
of
Millan
,
and
the
earnest
intreaty
of
his
other
friends
,
and
chiefly
his
sons
,
who
thought
this
dignity
conferred
on
the
father
for
his
worth
,
redounded
to
the
childrens
honour
,
he
submitted
himself
to
the
pleasure
of
the
Synod
:
so
,
the
election
being
ratified
,
he
is
honoured
by
the
Pontificial
habits
which
the
Legats
cloathed
him
with
.
Shortly
after
hee
takes
his
journey
for
Basil
,
being
accompanied
with
all
his
Nobility
;
when
he
came
,
all
the
Cardinals
,
Archbishops
,
Bishops
,
Abbots
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Clergy
,
Lawyers
,
and
all
that
were
there
in
the
City
flock
in
great
multitudes
to
meet
him
,
so
that
many
were
killed
in
the
presse
;
he
receiveth
his
sacred
Orders
by
degrees
and
intervals
of
time
;
then
being
by
the
accustomed
ceremonies
made
Bishop
,
he
is
brought
between
two
Cardinal
Deacons
to
a
Theatre
erected
over
against
the
Town-hall
;
after
he
was
set
down
,
the
Cardinal
on
his
left
hand
takes
off
his
Episcopal
Mitre
,
and
the
other
Cardinal
on
his
right
hand
sets
upon
his
head
the
Pontificial
;
the
rest
of
the
Cardinals
and
Clergy
in
their
Ecclesiastick
habits
stood
round
about
him
,
the
multitude
in
the
interim
with
joyful
shouts
and
acclamations
wishing
all
happiness
to
the
new
Pope
;
then
the
two
Cardinals
that
crowned
him
published
the
Popes
indulgences
,
the
one
in
Latine
,
the
other
in
the
vulgar
tongue
;
thence
he
is
conveyed
to
the
Black-friars
Monastery
,
after
this
manner
:
First
,
the
Cardinals
domestick
servants
and
officers
went
on
horseback
,
after
them
went
the
Popes
servants
,
among
which
his
Chamberlains
carried
each
one
a
red
bag
like
a
shepherds
pouch
:
after
these
went
the
Cardinals
kindred
,
whom
twelve
grooms
of
the
horse
followed
,
every
one
holding
his
red
banner
,
bearing
in
them
the
Popes
Arms
:
after
these
the
City
Magistrates
followed
,
with
one
of
the
Teutonic
Knights
carrying
a
banner
with
a
black
crosse
in
a
silver
field
upon
it
,
which
are
the
Arms
of
that
Order
:
after
him
went
a
Nobleman
of
Savoy
carrying
a
banner
,
in
which
were
the
Pontifical
and
Savoyan
Arms
conjoyned
:
after
him
rode
one
who
carried
a
banner
,
and
in
it
the
Arms
of
the
Knights
of
Ierusalem
:
the
horses
of
these
Standard-bearers
were
in
rich
trapings
,
and
themselves
in
compleat
Armour
(
except
their
heads
)
covered
with
copes
or
rich
robes
of
silk
,
on
which
were
imbroidered
their
Arms
:
after
these
twelve
milk-white
horses
richly
traped
with
silk
and
gold
were
led
,
then
four
Gentlemen
with
Targets
,
every
one
carrying
a
red
hat
on
a
spear
,
these
were
followed
by
the
Popes
Chamberlains
,
after
whom
went
the
Princes
Ambassadours
,
and
Roman
Nobility
,
whom
the
Apostolical
Sub-deacon
carrying
the
crosse
followed
,
he
was
ushered
by
two
Apparitors
with
their
Maces
;
then
went
twelve
of
the
Popes
intimate
friends
in
scarlet
,
each
one
bearing
a
white
Taper
,
two
others
bore
before
the
Host
two
silver
candlesticks
or
lamps
,
with
the
lights
burning
,
the
Host
it self
was
carried
on
a
white
horse
under
a
Canopy
,
encompassed
with
rich
Tapestry
of
silk
and
gold
,
with
the
Popes
Arms
on
them
:
after
the
Host
came
the
Sacrist
,
and
after
him
the
Scribes
or
Secretaries
of
the
Synod
,
among
whom
was
Aenaeas
Sylvius
,
afterward
Pope
:
after
these
followed
the
Advocates
of
the
Consistory
,
the
singing
men
,
&c.
and
after
them
two
Sub-deacons
,
a
Greek
and
a
Latine
;
then
rode
the
Archbishops
,
Bishops
,
Abbots
,
&c.
next
to
them
the
Cardinals
,
and
last
of
all
,
the
Pope
on
a
white
horse
richly
adorned
with
gold
and
scarlet
,
eight
Noblemen
carrying
a
Canopy
over
him
,
with
a
numerous
guard
of
Gentlemen
in
Arms
:
after
these
the
Marshal
flings
money
among
the
people
to
keep
them
off
from
pressing
on
the
Popes
guard
.
As
soon
as
the
Pope
had
entred
the
Black-friars
Church
,
he
blessed
the
people
,
and
presented
his
foot
to
be
kissed
by
the
Cardinals
and
Nobility
:
after
this
he
entertains
them
all
with
a
most
sumptuous
feast
in
the
Episcopal
palace
of
Basil
;
then
having
named
who
should
be
the
Officers
and
Ministers
of
his
Court
,
he
createth
some
eminent
and
learned
men
Cardinals
,
among
the
rest
was
Panormitan
the
great
Doctor
of
the
Decrees
,
who
was
imployed
by
Pope
Eugenius
to
plead
for
his
right
in
the
Councel
of
Basil
,
but
when
he
came
thither
he
pleaded
against
him
;
he
afterward
was
fain
to
lay
down
his
Cardinalship
,
and
live
obscurely
at
home
.
Amadeus
by
accepting
of
the
Pontificate
,
gave
occasion
to
a
new
schisme
,
which
is
reckoned
the
27.
The
French
,
Switzers
,
Millanois
,
Neapolitans
,
and
those
of
Piemont
sided
with
Felix
and
the
Savoyans
;
but
the
Venetians
favored
Eugenius
,
being
born
there
,
so
did
the
Florentines
and
Thuscians
.
Hence
ensued
a
long
war
between
Eugenius
,
the
King
of
Spain
,
and
the
Duke
of
Millan
.
Philip
Duke
of
Burgundy
adhered
to
Eugenius
,
though
he
was
the
son
of
Felix
his
wife
.
Frederick
the
Emperor
first
held
with
Felix
,
but
afterward
he
sided
with
Eugenius
,
who
was
now
become
a
new
man
,
and
by
his
elemency
and
bounty
had
got
most
mens
affections
from
Felix
.
Upon
this
the
Italian
Princes
enter
into
a
confederacie
,
with
whom
joyned
also
the
Duke
of
Millan
,
that
he
might
not
seem
to
be
singular
.
About
this
time
,
Balthasar
Offida
Governor
of
Bononia
,
for
his
cruclties
and
injustice
is
apprehended
by
Francis
Sfortia
,
(
author
of
the
confederacie
between
the
Venetians
and
Florentines
)
and
sewed
within
a
Bears
skin
raw
as
yet
and
bloody
,
so
that
he
had
no
use
of
hands
or
feet
,
whereby
he
was
poysoned
by
the
stench
and
vermine
which
that
raw
skin
begot
,
and
so
dyed
miserably
.
Philip
Duke
of
Burgundy
not
only
got
most
of
the
Princes
to
fall
off
from
Felix
,
but
likewise
perswaded
Charles
the
French
king
to
do
the
same
:
hereupon
Charles
sends
Ambassadors
to
Rome
,
Basil
and
Savoy
,
to
mediate
for
an
accord
between
the
two
Popes
;
in
the
mean
The
next
Iuly
after
,
there
arrived
at
Lions
,
besides
the
Kings
Ambassadors
,
the
Archbishop
of
Trevers
,
and
Legats
from
Colen
and
Saxony
;
Pope
Felix
sent
Lewis
Alleman
the
Cardinal
:
these
consulted
till
November
;
at
last
it
was
agreed
,
they
should
give
Felix
a
meeting
at
Geneva
;
thither
when
they
came
,
they
met
with
other
Legats
sent
from
France
,
England
,
Sicily
,
and
other
parts
.
Felix
,
who
against
his
will
accepted
of
the
pontificate
by
the
perswasion
of
Panormitan
the
Abbot
,
and
some
Cardinals
who
were
unwilling
to
be
deposed
,
doth
resolve
willingly
to
devest
himself
of
it
;
therefore
openly
in
the
Synod
of
Lausanna
(
for
that
of
Basil
was
dissolved
by
the
Dolphin
)
Felix
aiming
more
at
the
general
good
,
then
his
own
honour
and
emolument
,
renounceth
the
papacie
,
transferring
all
his
right
he
had
to
it
upon
Pope
Nicholas
;
which
fact
was
highly
commended
and
admired
by
the
Synod
,
as
may
be
seen
by
the
testimony
they
gave
him
,
and
which
they
left
upon
record
to
all
posterity
,
the
summe
of
which
was
this
:
Having
blessed
him
,
and
wished
him
all
happiness
,
they
commend
him
for
his
piety
,
modesty
,
love
of
peace
,
and
liberality
towards
the
Church
,
who
in
such
a
time
of
distraction
would
rather
suffer
himself
then
she
should
suffer
,
who
by
his
humility
hath
advanced
her
peace
and
dignity
;
therefore
they
thought
good
to
nominate
and
create
him
Bishop
of
Sabinia
,
Cardinal
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
perpetual
Vicar
and
Apostolical
Legat
over
Savoy
,
Piemont
,
Montsferrat
,
Salusses
,
Asten
,
the
province
of
Lions
,
Auspurgh
,
Lausanna
,
Basil
,
Strasburgh
,
Constance
,
and
some
other
neighbouring
cities
and
diocesses
,
and
withall
to
appoint
him
in
the
Church
of
God
the
second
place
after
the
Pope
,
who
was
to
rise
whensoever
Felix
came
into
his
presence
,
and
to
present
his
mouth
(
not
his
foot
)
to
be
kissed
:
And
because
he
preferred
peace
to
the
greatest
honour
on
earth
,
they
decree
therefore
that
he
shall
wear
the
Pontifical
habits
and
arms
,
except
the
Fishers
ring
,
the
Crosse
on
his
Sandals
,
the
Canopy
,
and
the
gestation
of
Corpus
Christi
must
be
left
for
the
Pope
;
besides
,
whensoever
he
passeth
beyond
the
borders
of
his
own
Legatship
,
he
may
use
the
Arms
and
power
of
a
Legate
;
they
exempt
him
also
from
his
personal
appearance
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
or
at
a
General
Councel
.
These
honours
and
priviledges
the
Synod
thought
him
worthy
of
,
CHAP.
V.
A
Prosecution
of
the
Savoyan
History
,
from
the
yeare
1452.
till
the
yeare
1503.
TO
Amadeus
succeeded
his
son
Lewis
,
a
great
follower
of
his
fathers
vertues
.
He
performed
exemplary
justice
upon
Bolomerius
the
Chancellor
of
Savoy
,
a
wicked
and
covetous
man
,
who
had
made
himself
extream
rich
by
oppression
,
who
for
his
own
ends
and
gain
kept
Felix
longer
in
the
Pontificate
then
he
was
willing
,
for
had
it
not
been
for
this
wretch
he
had
resigned
it
long
before
.
Lewis
commands
him
to
be
apprehended
,
who
being
convicted
of
high
crimes
,
is
condemned
to
be
drowned
in
the
lake
with
a
great
stone
at
his
neck
,
to
the
great
content
of
the
Nobility
,
to
whom
he
had
been
a
main
enemy
.
About
this
time
,
Philip
Maria
Duke
of
Millan
died
:
He
had
beheaded
his
former
wife
,
to
marry
with
Mary
the
sister
of
this
Lewis
.
But
the
people
being
weary
of
tyrannie
,
which
they
had
suffered
under
him
and
his
predecessors
,
resolve
now
to
assert
their
liberty
;
therefore
they
choose
a
Government
of
twelve
men
in
their
city
,
overthrow
the
castle
,
and
tear
Philips
last
will
in
peeces
;
and
withal
they
send
to
Frederick
3.
Emperor
a
Cup
of
gold
of
great
price
,
with
promise
to
send
him
every
year
such
another
,
that
he
would
not
suffer
any
to
bear
rule
over
them
hereafter
.
The
Venetians
upon
this
took
occasion
with
a
great
Army
to
seise
upon
Placentia
,
Cremona
,
and
other
cities
belonging
to
the
Dutchy
of
Millan
.
Francis
Sfortia
,
Philips
son
in
law
,
after
their
example
fals
upon
some
other
places
in
the
same
Dutchy
;
which
Lewis
of
Savoy
perceiving
,
he
seiseth
upon
Valentia
a
city
neer
to
him
,
and
some
other
places
.
About
this
time
also
a
war
was
raised
by
Charles
7.
of
France
,
against
this
Lewis
of
Savoy
and
Philip
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
because
Lewis
had
betrothed
his
daughter
Carola
without
his
knowledge
to
the
Dolphin
his
sonne
,
and
because
Philip
had
received
and
entertained
the
Dolphin
when
he
fled
out
of
France
;
and
withall
the
King
sends
him
this
message
,
That
in
entertaining
his
sonne
,
he
cherished
a
Foxe
in
his
bosome
,
which
would
hereafter
devoure
his
Chickens
,
which
proved
a
true
prophesie
.
The
Dolphin
being
impatient
of
delayes
,
deals
with
the
Burgundian
to
send
to
Savoy
,
that
he
might
at
last
enjoy
his
wife
,
being
now
kept
off
from
her
full
five
yeares
.
When
the
Ambassador
came
to
Savoy
,
Duke
Lewis
thought
his
message
very
just
and
reasonable
,
therefore
sends
his
Daughter
with
a
great
train
to
the
Dolphin
at
Namurs
,
where
she
was
presently
married
to
him
.
The
French
king
was
much
troubled
at
this
match
;
therefore
the
Army
which
he
had
provided
for
taking
in
some
Towns
of
Picardy
,
and
some
places
from
the
Burgundian
,
he
turns
against
the
Savoyan
;
the
rather
,
because
he
could
do
no
good
against
the
Burgundian
,
who
had
foreseen
and
prevented
the
French
plots
:
besides
,
the
King
pretended
that
the
Dutchy
of
Millan
belonged
to
the
French
crown
,
therefore
by
a
Herald
demands
from
the
Savoyan
Valentia
and
other
towns
which
he
had
taken
there
;
he
also
accused
the
Savoyan
for
making
incursions
upon
France
,
and
some
write
that
the
Savoyan
Nobility
under-hand
stirred
up
the
French
against
Lewis
,
because
he
used
them
roughly
for
advising
his
father
to
retain
his
right
to
the
Papacie
:
but
at
last
the
controversie
was
taken
up
by
the
Popes
Legate
at
Lions
,
who
was
sent
to
make
peace
between
France
and
England
.
Lewis
the
second
son
of
this
Duke
Lewis
,
married
with
Carola
the
onely
daughter
of
Iohn
King
of
Cyprus
,
by
whom
he
obtained
that
Kingdome
:
but
Iames
the
bastard
brother
of
Carola
,
being
assisted
by
the
Sultan
of
Aegypt
,
thrust
Lewis
out
of
his
kingdome
,
and
overthrew
his
army
,
which
Duke
Lewis
and
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
had
sent
thither
;
and
so
this
wicked
bastard
obtained
the
kingdome
.
Queen
Carola
fled
to
Rome
,
where
she
was
entertained
by
Pope
Pius
the
second
,
who
said
,
that
justly
her
husband
had
lost
that
kingdome
,
whose
father
Duke
Lewis
had
been
so
averse
,
and
slow
in
sending
aide
against
the
Turks
and
Sarazens
.
Amadeus
the
eldest
son
of
this
Duke
Lewis
,
resembling
much
his
father
and
grandfathers
qualities
,
delighting
more
in
peace
then
wars
,
in
a
retired
and
monastick
life
then
in
publique
employments
,
was
slighted
by
the
people
,
whose
eyes
and
hopes
were
fixed
upon
the
youngest
sonne
Philip
,
a
youth
of
a
comely
presence
and
stature
,
and
of
an
active
heroick
spirit
:
Duke
Lewis
the
father
understanding
how
his
peoples
affections
were
set
upon
Philip
,
began
to
be
jealous
of
him
,
the
rather
because
he
himself
was
grown
infirm
and
unweildy
,
his
son
young
active
and
lusty
;
therefore
he
undertakes
His
son
Amadeus
the
ninth
,
and
third
Duke
of
Savoy
succeeded
,
a
prince
To
him
succeeded
Philbert
his
Son
,
the
first
of
that
name
,
and
fourth
Duke
of
In
the
mean
while
,
Iolanda
desirous
of
liberty
,
and
to
see
her
children
,
employes
a
Nobleman
of
Piemont
in
a
message
to
her
brother
of
France
,
for
that
purpose
;
who
though
he
had
no
good
correspondency
with
his
Sister
,
yet
sends
her
word
,
that
ere
long
he
would
send
for
her
into
France
,
who
accordingly
sends
Charls
Amboise
governour
of
Campagnie
with
some
forces
,
who
passing
without
resistance
through
the
Burgundians
country
,
enters
the
Castle
of
Roveretia
which
was
carelesly
kept
,
and
brings
away
Iolanda
with
her
family
into
Savoy
,
neer
to
the
French
Territories
.
King
Lewis
goeth
from
Lions
to
Turou
,
there
to
receive
his
Sister
,
where
having
provided
fair
lodgings
for
her
,
sends
divers
of
his
Nobility
to
meet
her
,
and
he
himself
with
all
his
train
at
the
town
gates
receives
and
salutes
her
merrily
by
the
title
of
Lady
of
Burgundy
.
After
some
complements
,
he
brings
her
to
her
lodging
,
giving
order
that
she
should
be
used
with
all
respect
and
accommodations
:
yet
for
all
this
,
they
were
jealous
of
each
other
,
and
she
longed
to
be
out
of
his
claws
;
but
a
league
at
last
was
made
between
them
,
and
confirmed
by
Oath
;
so
after
eight
dayes
entertainment
,
he
dismisseth
her
with
her
children
.
After
this
he
desires
his
Sister
to
permit
her
son
Philbert
to
be
instructed
in
the
Delphinat
by
Luisius
a
Noble-man
there
,
in
the
French
tongue
and
manners
,
that
so
he
might
have
the
greater
affection
to
France
:
To
this
the
mother
assented
;
but
when
the
King
perceived
that
the
Savoyan
Nobility
intended
to
exclud
Luisius
,
and
to
undertake
the
care
of
the
Childe
themselves
,
he
causeth
him
to
be
removed
from
Turin
(
called
of
old
Taurinum
,
a
City
in
Piemont
,
and
which
anciently
was
the
seat
of
the
Longobards
)
to
Grenoble
or
Gratianopolis
,
so
called
from
the
Emperour
Gratian
that
enlarged
and
beautified
it
;
now
it
is
the
chief
City
of
the
Delphinat
,
and
honoured
by
Lewis
II
with
a
Parliament
.
There
Philbert
was
married
to
Blanca
Maria
daughter
to
Galeacius
Duke
of
Millan
,
being
both
young
and
of
the
same
age
:
therefore
Galeacius
undertook
the
tuition
of
his
young
son
in
law
,
which
he
performed
carefully
,
and
with
great
commendations
,
in
spight
of
Iohannes
Ludovicus
Bishop
of
Geneva
the
Childs
Uncle
,
who
by
sinistrous
ends
endeavoured
to
get
him
into
his
custody
;
but
Galeacius
by
a
plot
seized
upon
this
turbulent
Bishop
at
Vercellis
,
and
sent
him
prisoner
to
Turin
;
so
the
Childe
escaped
this
danger
,
which
the
year
after
he
could
not
avoid
:
for
having
made
a
journey
to
see
Charles
the
eighth
of
France
,
his
Uncles
son
at
Lions
,
he
fell
suddenly
sick
,
not
without
suspition
of
Poyson
given
him
by
some
of
the
Bishops
friends
,
and
so
died
the
fourteenth
year
of
his
age
,
and
the
tenth
of
his
Principality
,
to
the
great
grief
of
his
To
Philbert
succeeded
his
brother
Charles
the
first
,
the
fifth
Duke
of
Savoy
,
a
young
Prince
no
lesse
eminent
in
vertues
and
naturall
endowments
then
any
of
his
predecessors
;
but
in
the
flower
of
his
age
and
fortunes
,
having
scarce
been
Duke
seven
years
,
he
was
taken
away
by
untimely
death
:
It
was
suspected
that
Lewis
Marquesse
of
Salusses
had
secretly
(
Charles
being
now
dead
)
he
recovers
by
the
Duke
of
Millans
means
his
estate
again
.
This
young
Prince
also
subdued
the
Gabiens
,
a
people
inhabiting
the
Alpes
of
Liguria
:
he
left
behinde
him
one
son
called
Charles
the
second
,
or
Iohannes
Carolus
,
being
yet
scarce
one
year
old
;
his
mother
Blanca
,
because
of
the
Dukes
infancy
,
retained
the
government
of
Savoy
,
to
the
great
content
of
the
people
;
for
she
was
a
vigilant
,
milde
,
and
just
Princesse
,
whose
chief
care
was
to
breed
her
sonne
in
vertue
and
piety
,
therefore
suffered
none
to
converse
with
him
in
his
minority
,
but
such
as
were
eminently
pious
and
prudent
,
knowing
how
dangerous
it
is
for
young
Princes
,
being
yet
but
tender
plants
,
apt
to
receive
any
impression
,
to
be
ill
seasoned
;
and
how
prone
they
are
by
nature
to
drink
in
the
poyson
of
evill
counsell
.
About
this
time
Charles
the
eighth
of
France
undertook
his
Expedition
into
Apulia
,
against
the
kingdome
Savoy
,
Blanca
in
her
best
equipage
met
him
,
and
presented
him
with
a
goodly
Horse
,
which
did
him
great
service
in
that
war
,
and
carried
him
out
of
many
dangers
;
she
bestowed
also
upon
him
towards
his
charges
great
summes
of
gold
and
silver
.
The
year
after
Duke
Charles
died
,
the
seventh
year
of
his
Dukedome
.
To
him
succeeded
Philip
Earl
of
Bressa
,
and
governour
of
the
Delphinat
under
King
Charles
;
this
was
a
wise
man
,
whose
counsell
Blanca
alwayes
followed
.
CHAP.
VI.
The
Helvetian
History
,
from
the
beginning
till
the
year
1481.
THe
Switzers
in
the
Romans
time
were
a
warlike
people
,
which
they
shewed
by
the
overthrow
they
gave
to
L.
Cassius
the
Consul
;
they
intended
to
have
forsaken
their
country
;
and
to
seat
themselves
elswhere
;
but
Caesar
then
being
Proconsul
of
France
,
puts
a
stop
to
their
proceedings
,
by
hewing
down
the
Bridge
of
Geneva
,
and
raising
a
Fort
between
the
Lake
and
Mount
Iura
;
first
,
by
intreaties
,
then
by
their
strength
,
they
strove
to
move
Caesar
for
a
passage
;
but
when
they
saw
they
were
still
defeated
by
the
Romans
,
they
cast
themselves
at
Caesars
feet
,
who
upon
delivery
of
Pledges
,
commanded
them
to
return
home
,
and
rebuild
their
demolished
Cities
,
which
they
did
,
and
lived
afterward
in
obedience
,
and
within
their
own
borders
,
till
the
comming
of
the
Sarazens
into
Italy
;
then
their
aid
was
desired
by
the
Pope
(
as
we
have
already
said
)
which
was
assented
to
,
conditionally
they
might
freely
enjoy
their
laws
and
antient
customes
:
To
this
the
Pope
willingly
condescended
,
and
withall
sent
them
a
red
Banner
with
the
Crucifix
on
it
,
in
token
of
their
valour
and
good
service
against
the
Sarazens
.
After
this
they
lived
quietly
at
home
,
imploying
themselves
in
Husbandry
,
untill
such
time
as
their
Nobility
began
to
tyrannize
over
them
;
then
being
conscious
of
their
antient
valour
and
continued
liberty
,
made
resistance
.
About
the
year
1300.
the
Counts
of
Auspurge
(
afterward
Dukes
)
had
placed
a
debauched
Gentleman
in
one
of
their
Castles
of
Uro
,
Zurich
and
Underwald
,
entred
into
confederacy
:
the
Nobility
,
to
suppresse
in
time
this
increasing
power
,
raise
all
the
forces
they
can
,
but
with
ill
successe
;
Leopold
Duke
of
Austria
was
defeated
by
them
,
and
so
not
long
after
was
Charles
Duke
of
Burgundy
:
Thus
for
their
valour
they
were
courted
by
divers
Princes
,
chiefly
by
the
French
,
for
whom
they
did
good
service
against
the
Spaniard
,
both
in
Italy
and
France
;
since
Lewis
11.
they
have
been
pensioners
to
that
Crown
,
receiving
yearly
thence
forty
thousand
Florens
,
twenty
thousand
to
the
Cities
,
and
twenty
thousand
to
particular
persons
.
These
Cantons
are
now
so
divided
,
that
eight
of
them
are
of
the
Catholick
Faith
,
and
in
pension
with
the
King
of
Spain
,
the
other
five
are
of
the
Protestant
Religion
,
and
serve
the
French
King
;
who
when
he
demandeth
any
forces
,
they
call
a
Diet
at
the
kings
charges
,
who
also
defraieth
the
souldiers
wages
.
Albertus
of
Austria
had
many
bickerings
with
the
Switzers
,
after
they
had
Cantonized
themselves
,
and
was
preparing
a
great
army
against
them
,
but
being
murthered
by
some
assassinates
,
and
his
children
busie
in
revenging
his
death
,
there
was
nothing
acted
against
the
Switzers
,
Henry
the
seventh
of
Lutrelburg
who
succeeded
,
confirmedthe
priviledges
of
the
three
Cantons
,
who
were
so
vigilant
to
prevent
the
plots
of
Albertus
his
sons
,
that
they
could
do
them
no
hurt
.
These
three
had
first
made
a
league
for
ten
years
,
but
upon
a
Helvetian
Cantons
are
confiscated
to
the
Emperour
,
and
the
Cantons
liberties
confirmed
,
and
then
they
swear
homage
to
him
;
who
sent
Iohn
Albergius
to
be
their
governour
:
he
promised
to
defend
them
from
the
power
&
claim
of
Austria
,
and
that
they
should
have
their
own
Courts
of
Judicature
in
their
own
Country
,
both
in
civil
and
criminal
causes
.
The
Austrians
having
received
so
great
an
overthrow
by
the
Switzers
,
and
finding
the
Emperour
raising
war
against
them
,
they
were
forced
to
make
a
Truce
with
these
Cantons
,
whom
shortly
after
the
Pope
and
Bishop
of
Constance
excommunicated
;
and
Frederick
of
Austria
,
who
named
himself
Emperour
,
proscribed
them
:
but
by
command
from
Ludovick
the
Emperour
,
they
were
absolved
by
the
Arch-bishop
of
Mentz
.
The
Pope
having
excommunicated
Tigurum
,
Berne
,
and
Basil
,
should
make
peace
between
them
;
who
by
their
Legats
made
a
Truce
of
thirty
moneths
,
which
after
this
was
renewed
:
some
Tigurum
at
first
adhered
to
Frederick
of
Austria
,
against
Ludovick
of
Bavaria
,
but
after
fell
off
to
Ludovick
,
when
the
other
had
resigned
the
Empire
for
a
great
sum
of
mony
,
for
payment
of
which
Tigurum
with
three
other
towns
were
pawned
by
Ludovick
.
The
Tigurans
to
free
themselves
,
promise
to
be
no
lesse
faithfull
to
the
Bavarian
,
then
they
were
to
the
Austrian
:
this
so
offended
the
Austrians
and
the
Pope
,
that
the
town
was
excommunicated
,
and
continued
so
18
years
together
,
the
Priests
having
forsaken
it
,
with
the
Monks
,
onely
the
Franciscans
went
out
at
one
gate
,
and
entred
at
the
other
:
In
the
mean
while
,
they
take
and
demolish
some
Castles
that
annoyed
them
;
and
the
year
after
they
alter
their
form
of
government
,
choosing
12
chief
men
,
and
12
inferiour
Magistrates
under
them
,
to
rule
their
City
,
which
occasioned
much
trouble
;
for
the
Commons
disliked
their
government
,
and
accused
them
of
oppression
and
briberies
;
wherefore
some
of
them
being
guilty
,
fled
out
of
the
City
;
others
laid
down
their
offices
;
these
were
fined
and
banished
for
some
time
,
and
Magistrates
chosen
out
of
each
Tribe
.
And
because
the
town
Rapersvila
who
had
a
harbour
for
all
Tigurin
fugitives
;
who
there
being
but
twenty
miles
distant
,
did
much
annoy
the
Magistrates
of
Tigurum
,
therefore
they
raise
an
Army
and
lay
siege
to
Rapersvila
,
which
they
were
forced
to
raise
again
,
because
their
provision
failed
,
and
hearing
that
the
Earl
of
Habespurg
a
great
Patron
of
the
fugitives
was
gone
to
Grinovium
a
Castle
at
the
head
of
the
Tigurin
lake
,
they
hastened
thither
under
the
conduct
of
Earle
Toggius
;
in
the
first
encounter
the
Tigurins
were
worsted
,
and
Toggius
taken
prisoner
;
but
after
they
had
better
manned
and
fitted
their
ships
,
they
fell
again
upon
the
enemy
,
and
gave
them
a
great
defeat
,
in
which
Earle
Habespurg
was
slain
,
with
divers
Gentlemen
;
in
revenge
of
whose
death
,
Toggius
at
Rapersvil
is
cut
in
peeces
:
the
next
year
a
peace
was
concludeded
between
The
Inhabitants
of
the
lesser
Town
upon
the
left
side
of
the
River
,
fought
stoutly
against
the
enemy
upon
the
bridge
,
which
they
had
prepossessed
by
means
of
a
Fisher-man
who
discovered
the
plot
to
them
;
this
Fisher-man
carried
some
of
the
plotters
in
his
boat
,
and
having
overheard
a
whispering
that
they
meant
to
kill
him
lest
he
should
betray
them
,
overturned
the
boat
and
so
left
them
in
the
River
,
he
got
on
shore
and
alarms
the
people
;
the
enemies
after
a
hot
dispute
were
worsted
,
fifteen
of
them
were
slain
,
37.
taken
,
among
whom
was
Earle
Habespurg
,
the
rest
by
means
of
the
darkness
escaped
,
the
dead
bodies
were
kicked
and
trod
upon
three
dayes
together
;
the
day
after
,
seventeen
of
the
prime
plotters
were
broken
on
the
wheel
,
some
beheaded
,
the
Earl
was
imprisoned
,
and
his
Army
without
the
Town
in
fear
and
confusion
ran
home
.
Shortly
after
the
Consul
Brunius
with
an
Army
besiegeth
Rapersvil
,
the
nest
and
harbour
of
the
plotters
,
the
Town
on
the
third
day
yeelded
,
some
of
the
plotters
in
it
were
killed
,
some
escaped
;
the
Townsmen
swear
the
same
fealty
to
Tigurum
,
which
they
used
to
give
to
their
Earl
:
after
this
they
fall
upon
Marchia
the
Earls
Country
with
fire
and
sword
,
so
that
the
Inhabitants
were
forced
to
swear
fealty
to
the
Tigurins
;
but
when
they
heard
that
Albert
of
Austria
was
raising
forces
to
aid
the
Habespurgians
,
and
to
keep
their
Rendevouz
at
Rapersvil
,
they
burn
the
Town
to
the
ground
.
Some
Towns
of
Alsatia
made
league
with
Frederick
of
Austria
against
the
Tigurins
,
who
had
taken
an
hundred
and
seventy
Townsmen
of
that
Country
prisoners
,
the
Alsatians
to
recover
their
prisoners
raised
an
Army
by
the
help
of
their
neighbours
,
the
Tigurins
wisely
declined
this
war
,
being
already
exhausted
,
and
therefore
restored
the
prisoners
:
After
this
the
Tigurins
send
a
petition
to
Charles
the
4.
Emperour
,
complaining
of
the
wrongs
done
them
by
Earl
Habespurg
and
his
confederates
,
excusing
their
own
actions
,
shewing
their
innocency
,
and
desiring
his
assistance
for
the
maintenance
of
their
liberty
,
being
willing
to
submit
to
his
Imperial
commands
,
if
so
be
the
Austrian
would
be
quiet
;
the
Emperour
answers
that
he
would
endeavour
to
pacifie
the
Austrian
,
and
their
other
enemies
,
but
could
not
force
them
,
being
their
power
was
greater
then
his
,
therefore
wishes
them
to
use
some
moderate
transaction
with
their
enemies
;
upon
this
the
Tigurins
send
Legats
with
presents
to
Albert
of
Austria
,
who
at
first
gave
them
good
words
,
but
at
the
second
meeting
was
rough
with
them
,
being
incensed
by
the
Nobility
,
accusing
them
for
destroying
both
the
old
and
new
Rapersvil
,
for
wasting
Marchia
which
belonged
to
him
as
supreme
Lord
,
therefore
wishes
them
to
restore
what
they
had
taken
,
to
rebuild
what
they
had
demolished
,
and
to
make
pecuniary
satisfaction
for
what
they
had
wasted
,
and
so
he
would
pardon
them
;
the
Legats
replied
,
that
their
City
had
suffered
much
wrong
by
these
places
in
harbouring
and
aiding
the
fugitives
and
rebels
,
therefore
they
humbly
beseech
him
,
that
he
would
not
urge
them
to
such
inconveniences
;
the
Prince
in
anger
told
them
,
that
if
the
Tigurins
did
not
make
reparation
for
these
wrongs
willingly
,
they
should
be
forced
to
do
it
.
The
Tigurins
understanding
by
their
Legats
the
Princes
resolution
;
of
his
forces
now
raising
,
of
their
great
danger
and
weakness
,
and
that
there
was
no
hope
of
help
from
Caesar
;
they
resolve
to
enter
into
a
confederacy
with
the
Helvetian
Towns
,
seeing
they
all
had
the
same
common
enemy
the
Austrian
;
and
Tigurum
,
by
reason
of
the
Lake
lay
so
fit
for
commerce
with
those
The
Switzers
finding
no
hope
of
peace
,
resolve
with
joynt
forces
to
seise
upon
Glarona
a
Town
and
valley
of
twelve
miles
in
length
,
encompassed
with
the
Alpes
except
in
one
place
,
which
after
this
expedition
was
fortified
with
a
wall
and
trench
:
the
people
here
being
weary
of
the
Austrian
government
,
submit
themselves
without
resistance
to
the
confederate
Towns
,
and
swear
to
be
firm
in
their
league
with
them
;
mean
while
the
Tigurins
send
an
Army
against
Bada
a
garrison
of
the
Austrians
,
which
had
done
them
much
hurt
,
they
fire
the
Suburbs
,
and
plunder
the
Country
thereabout
;
but
as
they
were
returning
with
the
booty
,
they
were
encountred
by
4000.
Austrians
,
whom
they
overthrew
,
being
themselves
not
above
1300.
strong
,
they
slew
700.
of
the
enemy
.
The
next
year
the
Austrian
in
hope
to
recover
Glarona
,
is
defeated
by
the
Inhabitants
,
the
like
success
he
had
in
Suitia
;
divers
places
on
both
sides
are
spoiled
:
about
this
time
also
the
City
of
Tugium
made
league
with
the
Switzers
:
this
Town
stands
between
the
Tigurins
and
Suitians
,
and
used
to
do
them
much
hurt
;
at
last
being
weary
of
the
Austrian
government
,
after
fifteen
dayes
siege
surrendered
,
conditionally
swearing
that
if
the
Austrian
within
so
many
dayes
should
send
relief
,
they
might
return
again
to
his
obedience
,
therefore
they
send
to
the
Duke
for
help
,
but
the
Legats
found
him
more
careful
in
providing
food
for
his
hawks
,
then
aid
for
his
people
;
therefore
having
obtained
his
good
will
to
surrender
the
Town
to
the
Switzers
,
they
made
league
with
them
:
presently
upon
this
Tigurum
is
besieged
again
by
the
Austrian
;
but
a
month
after
by
the
Marquess
of
Brandeburgs
means
a
peace
is
made
on
these
Articles
,
That
Iohn
of
Habespurg
now
three
years
a
prisoner
should
be
released
without
ransome
,
and
that
the
Austrian
should
freely
dismisse
the
imprisoned
hostages
;
that
Glarona
and
Tugium
should
be
released
from
their
oath
,
and
return
to
the
obedience
of
Austria
,
in
other
things
the
Switzers
league
should
stand
:
Habespurgius
is
released
without
ransome
,
but
so
were
not
the
hostages
,
who
were
forced
to
pay
1600.
crowns
;
Rapersvil
is
fortified
with
a
garrison
which
invaded
the
Tigurin
Teritories
,
and
killed
fifty
of
their
men
;
this
bred
a
new
war
,
Tugium
is
again
taken
by
the
Switzers
,
and
Bern
sides
with
them
.
Bern
built
by
Berchtold
Duke
of
Zermgia
,
who
meeting
with
a
Bear
in
that
place
,
called
it
Bern
in
Dutch
;
this
City
he
bestowed
upon
the
Empire
,
which
Frederick
the
2.
Emperour
endowed
with
divers
priviledges
;
afterward
it
being
oppressed
by
Earl
Kyburgius
,
it
took
the
Earl
of
Savoy
for
its
protector
;
he
restored
to
this
City
her
former
liberty
for
the
good
service
the
Bernats
had
done
the
Savoyan
against
the
Burgundian
:
After
this
they
had
divers
wars
with
Godofrid
and
Rodolph
of
Habespurg
,
with
the
Turks
,
Austrians
,
and
others
of
their
neighbours
,
they
beat
the
Underwalds
in
a
battel
:
afterward
they
both
made
a
league
with
the
confederate
Towns
of
Switzerland
,
upon
which
Tigurum
is
the
third
time
besieged
by
Charles
the
4.
Emperour
,
and
Albert
of
Austria
:
the
Tigurins
petition
Charles
that
he
would
not
persecute
them
being
an
Imperial
City
,
desiring
nothing
but
the
conservation
of
their
liberties
,
and
willing
to
yeeld
to
any
reasonable
demands
;
Charles
upon
this
deals
with
the
Austrian
for
an
accord
,
which
being
by
him
refused
,
the
siege
was
raised
without
doing
any
thing
,
and
five
years
after
peace
was
concluded
between
the
Austrian
and
Tigurins
,
on
these
Articles
:
1.
That
restitution
be
made
on
both
sides
.
2.
That
none
of
the
Austrian
subjects
be
made
free
of
Tigurum
.
3.
That
none
meddle
with
the
Fee-lands
of
others
.
4.
That
the
Tigurins
hereafter
make
no
leagues
with
the
Austrian
subjects
.
5.
That
the
Switzers
injoy
their
own
confederacies
.
Some
controversies
after
this
arose
about
Tugium
whether
that
was
the
Austrians
,
or
included
within
the
Switzers
confederacie
:
Charles
his
opinion
was
,
that
Tugium
was
not
in
the
confederacie
,
the
Suiti
were
of
the
contrary
minde
;
the
matter
was
long
debated
,
at
last
a
Truce
of
a
11.
years
was
made
,
during
which
time
,
Tugium
and
Glarona
●…ained
in
the
Helvetian
league
,
yet
they
yeelded
subjection
and
fealty
to
the
Austrian
,
who
placed
governours
over
them
yearly
;
this
Truce
was
continued
for
more
years
after
:
Albert
being
dead
,
his
son
Leopold
who
hated
the
Switzers
,
and
durst
not
himself
make
war
,
set
the
English
of
Angles
upon
them
;
these
wasted
both
the
Austrian
and
Helvetian
Territories
,
but
were
at
length
beaten
and
driven
home
:
After
this
Earl
Kyburgius
made
war
upon
Berus
,
but
being
worsted
,
was
glad
to
make
his
peace
with
him
.
Some
years
after
Austrian
●…ell
out
with
the
Lucernat's
,
and
hanged
their
Legats
which
they
sent
for
reparation
of
wrongs
done
by
the
Governours
;
upon
this
they
desire
the
help
of
the
confederate
Towns
,
who
joyning
their
forces
,
seise
upon
Rottenburg
belonging
to
the
Austrian
,
and
demolish
the
walls
and
forts
thereof
.
The
Austrian
Governours
willing
to
fish
in
troubled
waters
,
forced
the
Verbigenum
,
Bada
,
and
some
other
places
of
Austria
were
taken
by
the
Switzers
.
In
the
year
1422.
the
Switzers
sent
an
Army
over
the
Alpes
to
recover
the
In
the
mean
time
Lewis
11.
of
France
,
who
hated
the
Burgundian
,
underhand
stirs
them
up
against
him
,
and
furnisheth
them
with
mony
;
to
this
end
he
makes
a
league
with
them
,
and
by
his
means
also
Sigismund
is
reconciled
to
the
Switzers
;
Renatus
Duke
of
Lorain
,
the
Cities
of
Strasburgh
and
Basil
,
with
their
Bishops
,
enter
into
a
league
with
them
,
and
so
doe
many
other
Towns.
Mean
while
Hagenbachius
is
taken
prisoner
,
and
beheaded
;
The
Austrian
having
paid
the
mony
he
borrowed
,
recovers
again
his
lands
.
In
the
interim
Charles
makes
war
upon
the
Bishop
of
Colen
,
claiming
a
title
to
that
Bishoprick
;
against
him
Frederick
the
Emperor
raiseth
an
army
,
and
commands
the
Switzers
to
hold
the
Burgundian
play
at
home
;
but
no
sooner
had
they
entred
Burgundy
and
defeated
the
Burgundians
,
but
the
Austrian
makes
peace
with
the
Burgundian
,
out
of
which
the
Helvetians
were
excepted
.
Upon
this
,
Charles
turns
all
his
forces
against
the
Confederates
;
in
the
first
battel
the
Duke
was
beaten
,
who
a
little
before
had
against
his
promise
hanged
the
souldiers
in
the
garison
of
Gramson
,
who
upon
quarter
had
surrendred
to
him
:
In
a
second
battel
the
Duke
was
again
defeated
,
having
lost
26000
men
:
In
the
third
conflict
at
Nancy
in
Lorain
,
which
was
then
besieged
by
the
Burgundian
,
(
against
whom
Renatus
D.
of
Lorain
was
assisted
by
the
Helvetians
)
Charles
was
killed
in
the
flight
,
and
so
by
his
death
the
war
ended
.
The
next
year
after
this
Burgundian
war
,
the
Duke
of
Millan
and
the
Helvetians
fell
at
odds
,
about
some
wrongs
done
by
his
subjects
to
the
inhabitants
of
the
Valley
of
Lepontium
;
in
this
battel
the
Millanois
were
defeated
,
but
the
next
year
by
means
of
the
French
king
were
reconciled
to
the
Switzers
,
with
whom
the
same
year
Pope
Sixtus
made
a
league
,
and
granted
them
large
indulgences
and
priviledges
.
About
three
years
after
this
,
Tigurum
,
Bern
,
Lucerna
,
Friburgh
,
and
Salodorum
made
a
private
league
among
themselves
,
because
in
the
last
Burgundian
war
they
thought
they
were
partially
dealt
with
by
their
fellows
,
who
took
an
equal
share
in
the
booty
,
but
were
not
at
half
the
charges
and
trouble
that
these
forenamed
Towns
were
:
At
this
league
the
other
Towns
were
offended
,
shewing
that
the
Lucernates
and
their
fellowes
had
not
power
to
make
a
league
without
the
general
consent
of
all
the
confederates
:
The
matter
after
much
debate
is
referred
to
Nicholas
Underwald
an
Eremite
of
great
esteem
among
them
,
who
disannulled
the
new
league
,
and
perswaded
them
in
a
free
Assembly
or
Parliament
to
end
the
controversie
,
and
withal
that
Friburgh
and
Salodor
should
be
CHAP.
VII
.
A
prosecution
of
the
Helvetian
History
,
till
the
yeare
1521.
FRiburg
was
built
by
Berchtold
4.
Duke
of
Zeringium
,
some
few
years
before
Bern
:
after
his
death
,
Bern
fell
to
the
Empire
,
and
Friburg
to
the
Earls
of
Kyburg
,
by
whom
afterward
this
Town
was
sold
to
Ralph
the
Emperor
,
and
since
it
hath
continued
under
the
house
of
Austria
almost
two
hundred
years
:
yet
in
the
year
1403.
being
oppressed
by
the
Austrian
Nobility
,
they
made
a
perpetual
league
with
Bern
,
but
yet
continued
under
the
Austrian
dominion
:
for
though
the
Helvetian
Cantons
made
a
league
among
themselves
for
one
anothers
aid
and
supportation
against
their
enemies
,
yet
they
did
not
abridge
or
abrogate
the
just
and
old
rights
of
their
ancient
Lords
:
this
league
of
Friburg
with
Bern
lasted
45
years
;
but
afterward
in
the
wars
between
Savoy
and
Friburg
,
the
Bernats
adhered
to
the
Savoyans
,
with
whom
they
had
been
a
long
time
in
league
;
but
a
year
after
the
war
began
,
the
Friburgers
being
worsted
,
were
reconciled
to
Savoy
,
by
the
mediation
of
the
French
,
Burgundian
,
and
Helvetians
.
The
next
year
after
this
peace
was
made
,
the
Austrian
comes
to
Friburg
,
to
see
if
he
could
perswade
them
to
make
war
upon
Bern
;
which
when
he
could
not
do
,
but
perceived
that
they
began
to
incline
to
the
Helvetian
league
,
and
fearing
he
should
not
long-retain
them
in
his
obedience
,
he
sends
thither
the
High-Steward
of
his
house
,
to
acquaint
them
that
he
was
to
be
there
shortly
himself
;
therefore
all
the
gold
and
silver-Plate
,
with
rich
Hangings
and
other
Ornaments
,
were
borrowed
of
the
Townsmen
,
to
adorn
the
State-house
where
the
Prince
was
to
be
entertained
:
All
this
wealth
privately
the
Steward
conveyed
out
of
the
town
,
and
on
the
day
named
for
the
Princes
coming
,
he
with
his
attendants
and
chiefest
of
the
town
went
out
on
horseback
to
meet
him
;
the
Prince
came
not
,
but
sent
some
horse-men
,
who
having
met
the
Steward
and
his
train
,
a
stop
was
made
,
and
a
speech
by
him
to
the
Townsmen
,
shewing
,
That
since
their
affections
were
more
inclined
to
the
Bernan
and
Helvetian
league
then
to
their
antient
Lord
,
he
thought
good
to
reap
some
benefit
by
them
;
And
so
he
departed
to
the
Prince
with
his
plunder
.
Upon
this
the
Friburgers
made
a
league
with
Bern
,
and
the
Switzers
;
therefore
these
in
the
Burgundian
war
sent
a
garrison
of
a
thousand
men
to
guard
Friburg
.
After
which
,
Salodor
entred
into
a
confederacie
with
the
Cantons
.
Salodor
,
an
antient
City
,
as
appears
by
the
Roman
monuments
in
it
,
was
upon
the
incursions
of
the
Huns
and
Francons
into
France
demolished
;
but
when
the
French
grew
great
,
this
Town
was
rebuilt
,
and
placed
under
the
Bishop
of
Geneva
;
Under
the
German
Emperors
,
this
hath
alwayes
been
one
of
the
Imperial
cities
.
When
Ludovick
the
Bavarian
,
and
Frederick
the
Austrian
were
in
competition
for
the
Empire
,
Salodor
adhered
to
the
Barbarian
,
whereupon
they
were
excommunicate
by
the
Pope
,
and
besieged
by
the
Austrian
;
in
that
war
the
Bernats
sent
them
a
garrison
of
four
hundred
souldiers
:
they
had
war
also
with
Earl
Kyburgius
,
and
were
by
him
defeated
:
at
last
in
the
year
1351.
they
made
a
perpetual
league
with
Bern
;
there
the
Austrian
war
being
ended
,
in
which
Leopold
was
slain
,
they
were
reconciled
to
the
Austrians
.
Lastly
,
after
the
Burgunian
war
,
they
were
with
the
Friburgers
admitted
into
the
Helvetian
league
;
after
which
the
Helvetian
Army
was
overthrown
by
the
Millanois
upon
the
Alpes
:
the
next
year
after
they
aided
Sigismund
Duke
of
About
three
years
after
this
,
a
Civil
war
arose
among
the
Switzers
by
means
Lewis
Sfortia
Duke
of
Millan
,
a
peace
is
made
,
in
which
the
Helvetian
liberty
,
and
possession
of
their
places
taken
from
the
Austrian
is
confirmed
.
This
was
the
last
great
war
which
they
made
against
forreign
Princes
in
defence
of
their
liberty
,
except
that
they
made
against
Iames
Medices
Lord
of
Mussium
.
As
soon
as
the
peace
was
made
,
Galcacius
Viscount
of
Millan
raised
five
thousand
Switzers
against
the
Magistrates
will
,
who
told
them
they
were
bound
by
league
to
aid
the
French
,
but
by
the
help
of
these
Switzers
Duke
Lewis
recovered
Millan
;
yet
afterward
the
Switzers
not
being
able
to
resist
the
great
forces
of
the
French
before
Novaria
a
Town
of
no
strength
,
they
made
their
peace
and
went
home
;
Duke
Lewis
thought
to
escape
in
the
habit
of
an
Helvetian
common
souldier
,
but
he
was
discovered
,
taken
,
and
carried
away
prisoner
into
France
:
the
same
year
Ulricus
,
Duke
of
Wirtenberg
,
makes
a
league
of
twelve
years
with
the
Switzers
:
Maximilian
also
the
Emperour
makes
an
hereditary
peace
,
or
renews
rather
that
which
was
made
before
by
his
father
Duke
Sigismund
,
with
the
four
Cantons
of
Tigurum
,
Bern
,
Urania
,
and
Underwald
.
The
next
year
after
,
Basil
and
Scaphusa
were
taken
into
the
Rhene
;
Basil
is
the
biggest
of
all
the
confederate
Towns
,
and
very
ancient
,
for
we
read
of
it
in
Ammianus
Marcellinus
;
it
was
honoured
with
divers
priviledges
by
the
German
Emperours
,
also
with
a
Bishoprick
and
University
;
it
first
was
in
league
with
Tigur
,
Bern
,
and
the
three
first
Cantons
,
in
the
German
troubles
when
Ludovic
the
Bavarian
was
excommunicated
by
the
Pope
1327.
then
afterward
with
the
Tigurins
particularly
,
1347.
When
the
English
plundered
Alsatia
under
Leopold
of
Austria
,
and
were
preparing
to
besiege
Basil
,
the
Cantons
sent
a
strong
garrison
to
defend
it
,
so
that
the
English
were
fain
to
leave
off
their
enterprise
,
and
the
rather
because
Charles
4.
was
marching
with
his
Army
against
them
.
In
the
Austrian
war
,
which
Katherine
of
Burgundy
the
wife
of
Leopold
made
against
them
,
they
received
aid
from
Bern
and
Salodor
,
an.
1409.
(
in
the
Councel
of
Basil
)
with
sixteen
hundred
men
they
defeated
the
whole
French
Army
;
they
assisted
also
the
Switzers
against
Charles
of
Burgundy
;
but
in
the
war
between
Maximilian
and
the
Switzers
,
Basil
stood
neuter
,
in
which
City
at
last
peace
was
concluded
between
the
Emperor
and
Switzers
by
the
mediation
of
Lewis
Maria
Duke
of
Mantua
;
in
fine
,
being
hated
and
wronged
by
the
Austrian
,
and
the
Nobility
,
they
made
a
perpetual
league
with
the
Switzers
,
anno
1501.
Scaphusa
so
called
from
Scapha
a
boat
,
because
the
boats
that
come
from
the
lake
of
Constance
along
the
Rhene
,
do
unload
here
,
by
reason
of
the
great
precipice
of
the
River
f●…m
high
rocks
;
the
Town
receiveth
by
this
means
great
customes
:
at
first
the
Abbot
〈◊〉
that
place
was
the
chief
governour
,
afterward
obtaining
divers
priviledges
from
the
Emperours
,
they
shook
off
the
Abbots
power
,
but
it
was
sold
afterward
by
Lewis
of
Bavaria
to
the
Austrian
,
under
whom
it
remained
eighty
five
years
,
till
the
Councel
of
Constance
,
where
Frederick
of
Austria
for
conveying
away
pope
Iohn
22.
was
proscribed
by
Sigismund
the
Emperour
,
and
his
estate
confiscated
,
and
so
this
Town
was
added
to
the
Empire
:
afterward
Frederick
3.
of
the
Austrian
family
,
being
Emperour
,
bestowed
it
upon
Duke
Sigismund
of
Austria
,
who
sent
his
Legats
to
take
the
oath
of
Allegiance
to
the
Austrian
,
which
they
refused
,
except
they
might
retain
their
priviledges
;
this
would
not
be
granted
;
whereupon
they
made
a
league
with
the
Switzers
,
an.
1454.
which
they
constantly
observed
after
,
wherefore
they
were
divers
times
assaulted
and
molested
by
the
Austrian
,
and
at
last
proscribed
for
assisting
the
Helvetians
against
Sigismund
of
Austria
,
by
the
command
of
Pope
Pius
,
but
they
were
afterward
released
from
this
proscription
at
the
Austrians
charges
:
About
the
year
1479.
the
league
between
the
Switzers
and
Scaphusia
was
renewed
for
25.
years
,
in
which
the
Urii
and
Underwaldins
were
comprehended
:
At
last
having
assisted
the
Helvetians
both
in
the
Burgundian
and
Suevian
war
,
a
league
between
them
and
the
11.
Cantons
is
concluded
for
ever
,
an.
1501.
After
the
Switzers
had
made
a
league
with
France
,
they
assisted
Charles
8.
and
Lewis
in
the
Neapolitan
wars
,
which
proved
unfortunate
to
Helvetia
;
for
in
the
first
war
they
lost
their
health
,
being
infected
with
the
Neapolitan
disease
or
French
pox
,
and
in
the
second
they
lost
their
lives
by
the
sword
of
the
enemy
,
who
in
two
great
battels
overthrew
them
.
An.
1507.
they
assisted
the
French
against
the
Ligurians
,
and
refused
to
aid
the
Emperour
Maximilian
against
the
French.
An.
1509.
they
aided
the
French
in
the
confederacy
they
made
with
Spain
,
Pope
Iulius
and
the
Emperor
,
against
the
Venetians
.
The
next
year
after
,
Pope
Iulius
2.
made
a
league
with
the
Switzers
,
who
sent
him
6000.
men
into
Italy
against
the
Duke
of
Ferraria
,
who
had
seised
on
some
Church-lands
,
but
indeed
his
aim
was
to
drive
the
French
out
of
Millan
,
which
the
Switzers
perceiving
forsook
the
Pope
,
and
returned
home
without
their
pay
:
next
year
1511.
a
perpetual
league
is
made
between
the
Switzers
,
and
the
houses
of
Austria
and
Burgundy
;
the
French
upon
the
expiration
of
their
league
desired
to
renew
it
again
with
the
Switzers
,
who
were
unwilling
because
they
feared
the
Popes
anger
,
for
the
French
then
were
his
enemies
;
besides
,
the
French
had
refused
to
continue
the
Switzers
pay
,
after
the
league
was
expired
;
they
drowned
also
the
Suitens
Post
with
his
letters
,
and
sold
in
open
Market
the
Cantons
Badge
,
which
the
Posts
use
to
wear
.
The
French
having
beaten
Pope
Iulius
at
Ravenna
,
the
Switzers
send
into
Italy
for
his
aid
twenty
thousand
men
,
who
joyning
with
the
Venetians
(
then
reconciled
to
the
Pope
)
took
Cremona
and
Ticinum
,
and
drove
the
French
quite
out
of
Millan
,
so
that
they
had
nothing
left
them
but
the
Castle
;
upon
this
,
Pope
Iulius
honours
the
Switzers
with
the
title
of
[
Defenders
of
the
Church
:
]
Then
sent
to
them
Banners
adorned
with
certain
Images
,
with
a
sword
and
Cap
of
maintenance
,
the
Ensigns
of
liberty
:
Maximilian
Sfortia
by
them
being
restored
to
his
fathers
dominion
,
makes
a
league
with
them
,
and
withall
bestows
on
them
Lugano
,
Locarne
,
Mendrise
,
and
the
valley
of
Madie
;
he
gave
also
to
the
Confederate
Rheti
or
Grisons
the
Val-Telin
,
or
Vol●…urene
.
Charles
also
Duke
of
Savoy
,
whose
Ancestors
had
made
a
private
league
with
some
of
the
Cantons
,
makes
now
a
new
league
for
five
and
twenty
years
,
with
the
twelve
Cantons
:
The
French
also
desired
their
amity
,
which
was
refused
,
because
they
kept
still
the
Castle
of
Millan
,
and
were
found
to
corrupt
some
of
them
with
bribes
;
wherefore
the
French
Legats
are
commanded
to
depart
out
of
their
Territories
:
Hence
the
war
is
renewed
,
the
French
besiege
Sfortia
in
Novaria
with
a
great
Army
,
in
which
Town
were
four
thousand
Switzers
,
and
eight
thousand
more
were
sent
to
them
;
these
obtained
a
great
victory
over
the
French
,
whom
they
drove
out
of
Italy
;
in
this
battel
fourteen
hundred
Switzers
were
lost
:
after
this
victory
Maximilian
Emperour
falling
off
from
the
French
Covenant
,
raised
an
Army
of
sixteen
thousand
Switzers
,
with
whom
as
many
more
voluntaries
joyned
,
these
were
conducted
into
Burgundy
against
the
French
,
to
them
Caesar
added
some
Regiments
of
horse
under
the
Prince
of
Wirtenberge
;
these
besieged
Divio
or
Diion
,
the
capital
City
of
Burgundy
;
Trimonil
the
Governour
not
being
able
to
hold
out
,
made
his
peace
with
the
Switzers
on
these
conditions
,
that
the
King
should
quit
his
claim
to
the
Dutchy
of
Millan
,
and
should
at
certain
times
pay
them
six
hundred
thousand
crowns
;
for
performance
of
this
four
Noblemen
are
given
for
Hostages
,
yet
the
King
would
not
ratifie
this
agreement
,
because
he
would
not
part
with
his
claim
to
Millan
;
whereupon
the
Switzers
resolve
to
put
the
Hostages
to
death
,
if
the
King
did
not
the
sooner
confirm
the
agreement
,
and
withall
intended
the
next
winter
to
invade
France
;
the
King
upon
this
sends
Legats
to
conclude
a
perpetual
peace
with
the
Switzers
,
but
the
Kings
conditions
were
so
unreasonable
that
nothing
was
done
,
save
onely
that
he
gained
time
,
and
hindred
the
invasion
of
France
:
in
these
meetings
Abbatiscella
or
Appenzel
was
added
as
the
thirteenth
Canton
.
Abbatiscella
is
the
name
of
the
Country
,
and
chief
Town
thereof
;
the
Country
is
seated
above
the
Town
of
S.
Gall
,
among
high
mountains
upon
the
frontiers
of
the
Grisons
,
it
hath
eight
principal
Towns
or
Parishes
,
the
chief
is
Abbatiscella
,
that
is
the
Abbots
Cel
or
Chamber
;
for
the
Abbots
of
S.
Gall
,
Lords
of
this
Country
,
made
their
chief
residence
in
this
Town
:
these
of
Appenzel
made
themselves
free
first
by
the
sword
,
then
by
their
money
to
the
Abbot
;
they
had
seven
years
war
with
Cuno
Abbot
of
S.
Gall
,
who
was
aided
by
the
Inhabitants
about
the
lake
Acronium
or
of
Constance
,
as
also
by
Frederick
Duke
of
Austria
,
the
Bishop
of
Constance
,
the
Earl
of
Wirtenberg
,
with
divers
others
of
the
Nobility
:
these
were
defeated
by
Appenzel
,
which
at
last
the
Inhabitants
of
S.
Gall
assisted
against
the
Abbot
;
they
took
five
Towns
,
and
above
sixty
Castles
,
some
of
which
they
demolished
;
in
this
war
the
Abbatiscellans
joyned
league
with
the
Helvetians
:
at
last
Rupert
the
Emperour
made
peace
between
the
Abbatiscillans
and
their
enemies
,
at
Constance
,
an.
1408.
after
which
they
became
a
Commonwealth
,
the
form
whereof
they
retain
till
this
day
;
before
this
every
Town
had
their
peculiar
Ensign
,
and
Assembly
or
Parliament
,
now
they
have
but
one
Ensign
,
and
one
Assembly
for
all
.
Three
years
after
this
peace
,
the
Abbot
of
S.
Gall
began
to
trouble
the
Appenzellians
with
new
process
,
whereupon
they
make
a
league
with
six
of
the
Cantons
;
therefore
upon
complaint
made
by
the
Abbot
,
they
are
proscribed
by
the
Emperour
,
and
excommunicated
by
the
Pope
,
for
which
they
cared
not
,
being
naturally
fenced
with
mountains
,
and
having
little
commerce
with
strangers
;
the
Priests
that
refused
to
do
their
office
,
in
obedience
to
the
Popes
command
,
were
some
banished
,
and
some
put
to
death
by
them
.
The
Abbot
complains
again
to
the
Imperial
Electors
,
who
wrote
letters
to
the
German
Princes
,
and
Helvetian
Cantons
,
to
force
the
Appenzellians
to
their
duty
:
the
Switzers
utterly
refused
to
make
war
upon
their
confederates
,
but
they
mediated
for
a
peace
,
which
was
concluded
the
fourth
year
of
their
excommunication
,
after
the
Earl
of
Toggenburg
had
defeated
them
in
two
several
battels
:
this
peace
held
not
long
,
for
the
Gentry
that
were
their
neighbours
about
the
lake
Acronium
,
or
of
Constance
,
intended
to
invade
the
Abbatiscellians
with
their
Cavalry
,
but
they
could
do
no
good
this
way
,
for
the
Abbatiscellians
seised
upon
Rineck
,
and
the
valley
of
Regusce
,
an.
1445.
the
Lords
of
these
Helvetian
Cantons
against
the
Austrians
,
Burgundians
,
and
the
Suevians
or
Suaubeans
:
At
last
an.
1513.
they
were
received
in
the
number
of
the
Cantons
.
Now
the
five
last
Cantons
,
except
Basil
,
were
long
before
their
admission
into
this
rank
,
confederate
with
the
old
Cantons
;
and
this
priviledge
the
Cantons
have
above
their
confederates
,
that
they
can
give
their
advice
and
suffrages
in
all
publike
assemblies
,
they
govern
with
equal
authority
those
that
are
under
them
,
and
are
equal
sharers
in
all
booties
got
in
the
wars
.
Francis
of
Valois
son-in-law
to
Lewis
12.
of
France
,
having
succeeded
to
that
crown
,
resolves
to
prosecute
the
war
against
Millan
,
begun
by
Lewis
.
Against
him
Maximilian
the
Emperor
,
Ferdinand
King
of
Spain
,
Sfortia
Duke
of
Millan
,
with
the
Switzers
,
enter
into
a
league
,
to
whom
was
joyned
Pope
Leo
10.
The
Switzers
Army
consisted
of
30000
foot
;
the
French
unwilling
to
encounter
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
the
Helvetian
Confederates
,
till
the
year
1602.
HAving
spoken
of
the
Helvetian
Cantons
,
we
will
now
briefly
relate
the
Confederates
and
Allies
of
Switzerland
:
And
1.
of
the
Abbot
of
S.
Gall.
Gallus
was
a
Gentleman
of
Scotland
,
disciple
to
Columbanus
the
Abbot
,
with
whom
he
travelled
into
France
,
and
thence
into
Germany
;
he
preached
the
Gospel
,
and
converted
many
from
Idolatry
,
at
a
place
called
Tuggen
near
the
head
of
the
Lake
of
Zurich
,
and
then
at
Bregents
at
the
head
of
the
Lake
of
Constance
,
and
in
other
places
of
Switzerland
sixteen
years
:
being
invited
to
the
Bishoprick
of
Constance
,
he
refused
it
,
recommending
one
of
his
disciples
to
it
,
and
so
he
retired
himself
to
an
Hermitical
life
,
an.
630.
on
the
mountains
above
the
Lake
of
Constance
,
where
now
is
the
Town
and
Covent
of
S.
Gall
;
there
with
some
of
his
disciples
,
he
built
a
Cell
,
and
in
holy
meditations
spent
his
dayes
;
there
did
his
disciples
remain
,
whose
piety
was
rewarded
with
rich
gifts
from
the
French
Kings
,
and
Dukes
of
Aleman
or
Suaube
:
at
last
the
fraternity
increasing
in
number
and
wealth
,
S.
Galls
Cell
is
turned
into
a
Monastery
,
eighty
years
after
his
death
.
Pipinus
the
son
of
Charles
Martel
made
Othomar
a
Priest
,
the
first
Abbot
of
S.
Gall
,
who
with
his
brethren
began
to
professe
the
rule
of
S.
Benedict
.
The
wealth
and
power
of
this
Monastery
did
so
increase
,
that
the
Abbot
thereof
was
reckoned
among
the
Princes
,
and
was
of
old
under
the
protection
of
the
Emperors
,
who
out
of
the
Gentry
of
Suanbe
or
Aleman
used
to
send
governours
of
that
Abbey
;
but
afterward
being
neglected
in
the
troubles
between
the
Popes
and
Emperors
,
and
quarrels
arising
between
the
Abbot
and
Appenzel
,
to
which
the
Town
of
S.
Gall
was
joyned
,
and
some
of
the
Abbots
own
vassals
,
and
therefore
stood
in
need
of
some
powerful
protector
,
Caspar
Landenberg
the
52.
Abbot
desired
to
be
joyned
in
league
with
the
four
Helvetian
Cantons
of
Tigurum
or
Zurich
,
Lucern
Suits
,
and
Glaris
or
Glarona
,
whom
they
chose
for
their
protectors
and
defenders
their
liberties
,
rights
,
customes
,
and
possessions
:
This
power
also
is
given
to
these
Cantons
,
that
all
places
in
that
seigniory
belonging
to
the
Abbot
,
shall
give
free
accesse
to
the
Cantons
when
they
please
,
and
that
in
all
controversies
the
Abbot
shall
stand
to
their
verdict
:
Abbot
Ubricus
,
Landenbergs
successour
,
ordered
that
each
of
the
four
Cantons
in
their
order
,
should
send
one
of
their
Councel
to
stay
with
the
Abbot
two
years
,
and
to
be
Captain
of
all
his
Country
,
and
to
be
present
at
all
pleadings
,
and
that
the
half
of
all
mulcts
and
fines
should
belong
to
the
Switzers
,
likewise
that
all
the
Abbots
subjects
should
assist
the
Cantons
in
their
wars
;
this
league
was
renewed
by
Ulricus
,
when
the
Townsmen
of
S.
Gall
and
Appenzel
had
pulled
down
the
begun
Monastery
of
Rosac
,
who
by
the
Cantons
were
suppressed
,
and
reduced
to
the
Abbots
obedience
,
this
league
continues
yet
;
and
though
the
Abbot
and
Cantons
be
of
different
Religions
,
yet
they
send
according
to
their
league
a
Captain
to
govern
his
subjects
in
civil
affairs
,
and
to
maintain
the
Abbies
rights
.
The
town
of
S.
Gall
oweth
her
original
to
the
Abby
,
and
her
privileges
to
the
Emperors
her
protectors
,
though
the
Abbots
subjects
,
with
whom
sometimes
the
Townsmen
use
to
quarrel
about
their
privileges
and
liberties
,
which
they
were
forced
for
sums
of
money
to
redeem
of
the
Abbot
.
Afterward
the
town
of
S.
Gall
,
in
imitation
of
Abbot
Landenberg
,
united
themselves
in
league
to
six
Cantons
,
namely
Zurich
,
Bern
,
Lucerne
,
Suitz
,
Tugium
or
Zug
,
and
Glaris
.
This
league
was
made
perpetual
and
confirmed
by
oath
,
an.
1454.
They
had
made
leagues
before
this
time
with
some
of
these
Cantons
,
which
was
only
for
some
years
.
The
Rheti
or
Grisons
are
antient
:
for
before
Christ
,
the
Tuscans
being
driven
from
their
homes
by
the
Gauls
under
the
conduct
of
their
Captain
Rhetus
,
they
possessed
the
Alpes
,
and
from
his
name
they
called
themselves
Rhetians
;
in
the
Romans
time
there
were
two
Countries
called
Rhetia
,
the
first
and
second
;
and
not
onely
the
Alpes
,
but
a
great
part
of
Suevia
or
Suaube
and
Bavaria
were
called
Rhetia
;
the
first
and
old
Rhetia
containing
the
springs
of
Rhene
,
a
great
part
of
the
Alpes
,
with
the
neighbouring
valleys
on
both
sides
,
is
called
now
Grisons
,
and
of
old
Cani
:
there
are
three
leagues
of
the
Grisons
,
the
first
is
called
the
High-league
,
and
it
contains
nineteen
Commonalties
,
ten
of
which
are
lost
;
the
second
is
called
the
League
or
Covenant
of
Gods
house
,
because
of
the
Bishop
of
Curia
or
Coire
who
is
comprehended
within
it
,
this
contains
nineteen
Commonalties
,
two
of
which
speak
Dutch
,
the
rest
broken
Italian
;
the
third
is
called
the
League
of
the
ten
Jurisdictions
,
because
of
the
ten
Commonalties
in
it
;
these
people
have
divers
times
made
leagues
with
their
neighbour
Switzers
;
the
two
former
have
made
a
perpetual
league
with
seven
of
the
Cantons
;
the
third
entertains
constant
friendship
,
though
not
a
solemn
league
with
them
:
the
upper
League
or
Grison
,
entred
into
a
confederacie
with
the
seven
old
Cantons
for
ever
;
the
next
year
after
,
the
league
of
Gods
house
joyned
themselves
to
the
same
Cantons
;
these
had
long
Iohn
Iames
of
Medices
,
afterward
Marquess
of
Marignan
,
had
taken
the
Castle
of
Musse
upon
the
lake
Larius
or
Come
,
and
Clavenne
from
the
Grisons
;
the
Switzers
sent
them
aid
,
by
which
the
enemy
was
driven
out
of
their
Territories
:
at
this
day
the
Grisons
as
well
as
the
Cantons
are
in
league
with
the
French
,
and
serve
him
in
his
wars
,
but
they
have
their
Commanders
and
Regiments
apart
from
those
of
the
Switzers
.
The
Valesians
are
three
distinct
people
,
inclosed
with
high
mountains
,
and
inhabiting
the
valley
between
the
springs
of
Rhene
and
lake
Leman
;
these
were
called
anciently
Viberi
or
Iuberi
,
Seduni
,
and
Veragri
;
the
two
former
are
now
called
the
high
Valesians
,
&
are
divided
into
seven
Dioceses
;
the
Veragri
or
lower
Valesians
are
subject
to
the
other
;
but
the
Bishop
of
Sedun
or
Syon
is
their
chief
both
in
Church
and
State-affairs
,
he
is
called
Count
and
Governor
of
Valais
;
they
made
their
first
league
with
the
three
Cantons
of
Uri
,
Lucerne
and
Underwald
,
an.
1417.
when
they
had
wars
with
William
Raromus
the
Bishop
,
and
his
father
Guiscard
whom
they
had
banished
,
Bern
helped
the
Bishop
;
the
other
Cantons
who
were
neuters
,
fearing
lest
this
siding
of
Bern
with
the
Valesians
might
cause
a
quarrel
between
Bern
and
the
three
above-named
Cantons
,
they
with
much
adoe
made
up
a
peace
,
in
which
the
Raronii
were
restored
:
after
this
war
the
Valesians
made
a
temporary
league
with
Bern
,
which
in
the
year
1475
was
made
perpetual
;
two
years
before
this
,
they
joyned
themselves
to
the
three
above-named
Cantons
,
ann.
1533.
At
Friburg
a
league
is
concluded
between
Adrian
Bishop
of
Sion
,
and
seven
Diocesses
of
the
Valetians
,
with
seven
Cantons
,
to
wit
Lucerne
,
Uri
,
Suits
,
Underwald
,
Zug
,
Friburg
,
and
Salodor
or
Saleurre
,
to
defend
the
Roman
Religion
against
all
opposers
.
Rotvil
is
seated
beyond
Danube
in
Germany
,
on
the
left
side
of
the
river
Nicre
:
It
is
an
Imperial
Chamber
or
place
of
judicature
,
whither
the
neighbourring
countries
make
their
appeals
;
which
if
any
contumaciously
do
resist
,
they
are
liable
to
the
Imperial
Ban
or
proscription
.
The
first
league
these
of
Rotvil
made
with
the
Switzers
,
was
for
fifteen
years
,
under
Frederick
the
third
Emperour
,
ann.
1463.
which
afterward
they
renewed
upon
occasions
:
at
last
,
the
league
is
made
perpetual
with
all
the
Cantons
,
ann.
1519.
Now
because
Rotvil
is
seated
far
from
the
borders
of
Helvetia
,
so
that
an
Army
cannot
be
conducted
Mulhouse
a
City
in
the
County
of
Ferrat
or
Sequana
,
is
thought
to
be
the
same
that
Ariabinum
of
old
;
it
was
anciently
an
Imperial
City
,
yet
governed
by
the
Bishop
of
Strasburg
;
but
in
the
wars
between
Ralph
of
Habspurg
and
the
Bishop
of
Strasburg
,
Mulhouse
was
taken
from
the
Bishop
,
and
his
Castle
in
the
City
demolished
;
since
which
time
it
hath
been
one
of
the
Cities
of
the
Empire
:
Their
first
league
they
made
with
the
Switzers
,
was
in
the
year
1464.
for
this
City
being
infested
by
the
Nobility
,
to
be
freed
of
their
tyranny
,
they
make
a
league
of
fifteen
years
with
Friburg
,
Bern
,
and
Salodor
;
and
by
the
mediation
of
Bern
,
the
other
seven
Helvetian
Cantons
receive
them
into
protection
.
This
so
incensed
the
Gentry
thereabouts
,
that
they
took
up
arms
against
this
City
;
but
the
Cantons
so
aided
them
with
garrisons
within
,
and
forces
abroad
,
and
so
straitly
besieged
Waldshout
a
town
of
Austria
,
that
the
Gentry
were
glad
to
make
their
peace
.
Then
in
year
1506.
the
Mulhousians
were
united
to
Basil
;
nine
years
after
they
made
a
league
with
the
whole
thirteen
Cantons
.
Bienna
stands
pleasantly
,
upon
a
Lake
full
of
Fish
,
and
beset
with
Vines
,
and
is
under
the
Bishop
of
Basils
jurisdiction
,
but
enjoys
her
own
priviledges
.
In
the
year
1303.
this
City
made
league
with
Bern
,
Strasburg
,
Basil
,
Friburg
,
and
Soluerre
,
to
suppresse
the
highway-robbers
which
infested
all
that
country
;
three
years
after
,
they
made
a
particular
confederacy
with
Bern
;
their
third
league
was
made
ann.
1532.
and
fifteen
years
after
they
renewed
it
,
when
Iohn
of
Viana
Bishop
of
Basil
,
a
man
of
an
unquiet
spirit
,
made
war
upon
his
neighbours
,
and
being
offended
at
this
Union
of
Bienna
with
Bern
,
falls
suddenly
upon
the
Town
,
and
imprisoneth
the
Bernois
that
were
authors
of
this
society
;
but
the
Bernois
in
revenge
,
fall
upon
the
Bishps
Castle
in
the
Town
,
and
freed
their
Citizens
:
then
they
made
war
upon
the
Bishop
and
his
confederates
the
Salodorians
,
wasting
many
places
of
his
bishoprick
.
Geneva
the
last
City
of
the
Allobroges
,
of
which
Caesar
speaks
,
lieth
neer
the
Switzers
upon
Lake
Leman
,
at
the
head
of
Rhon
;
it
hath
been
subject
often
times
to
Fire
;
in
the
time
of
Heliogabalus
it
was
burnt
down
:
Aurelian
repaired
it
,
and
endowed
it
with
divers
priviledges
,
and
called
it
by
his
name
Aurelian
;
it
was
wasted
by
the
barbarous
Nations
that
made
irruption
into
France
:
About
two
hundred
&
seventy
years
ago
,
it
was
twice
burned
.
The
Bishoprick
had
great
immunities
,
and
so
had
the
City
;
yet
they
kept
good
correspondency
with
the
Bishop
:
The
Earls
of
Geneva
were
great
enemies
to
her
liberty
,
who
notwithstanding
were
the
Bishops
Vassals
,
and
held
their
Earldome
from
him
in
Fee
:
She
was
also
often
troubled
by
the
Earls
of
Savoy
,
so
that
ann.
1420.
Amadeus
Duke
of
Savoy
strove
to
obtain
of
Pope
Martin
the
right
of
superiority
over
Geneva
by
way
of
exchange
;
but
Iohn
who
was
then
Bishop
,
agreed
with
the
Citizens
for
himself
and
successors
,
that
the
liberties
of
Geneva
should
never
be
exchanged
or
alienated
;
if
any
should
endeavour
an
exchange
,
that
he
be
accounted
a
traitour
.
Afterward
,
when
the
Emperour
Maximilian
had
made
Philbert
Duke
of
Savoy
and
his
son
in
law
,
Lieutenant
of
the
Empire
in
those
parts
,
he
and
his
brother
Charls
endeavoured
upon
this
title
,
to
subject
Geneva
to
them
,
pretending
that
the
priviledges
of
Lieutenantship
were
granted
to
the
Princes
of
Savoy
by
Charls
the
fourth
;
who
notwithstanding
had
taken
away
from
Amadeus
their
Earl
,
all
power
over
Geneva
:
These
troubles
made
the
City
enter
into
league
with
Bern
,
and
Friburg
,
which
was
renewed
and
made
more
firm
ann.
1536.
at
which
time
,
the
Duke
of
Savoy
and
Bishop
of
Geneva
raised
war
against
the
Town
,
for
changing
their
Religion
.
There
hath
been
oftentimes
intentions
to
confederate
Geneva
with
the
Cantons
,
which
hath
not
yet
been
effected
.
Neocomum
or
Neufchastel
is
in
the
Country
of
Avanches
,
on
the
Lake
bearing
the
towns
name
.
In
the
war
between
Lewis
the
twelfth
of
France
and
the
Switzers
,
Bern
in
behalf
of
all
the
Cantons
seised
upon
the
town
and
the
whole
County
,
placing
a
governour
there
,
which
the
other
Cantons
did
in
order
,
except
those
of
Zurich
;
at
last
Ioan
Hoochbergia
Duke
Longovils
widow
,
upon
certain
conditions
procured
the
County
to
be
restored
to
her
(
for
it
belonged
anciently
to
the
Earls
of
Hoochberg
)
which
was
done
in
the
year
1529.
before
this
time
it
was
annexed
to
the
Cantons
of
Bern
,
Lucerne
,
Friburg
,
and
Solieurre
,
on
certain
articles
,
which
upon
this
rendition
were
confirmed
.
At
this
day
the
Lords
of
this
County
are
by
a
peculiar
league
allied
to
Bern.
Besides
these
confederate
Towns
,
there
be
others
belonging
to
the
Helvetian
common-wealth
,
which
may
be
called
stipendiary
,
because
they
serve
the
Switzers
in
their
wars
upon
their
own
charges
;
these
have
their
own
laws
and
Magistrates
,
but
the
soveraignty
remains
in
the
Cantons
,
whose
publique
Edicts
they
are
bound
to
obey
;
these
towns
anciently
belonged
to
the
Austrian
,
but
the
Switzers
in
their
wars
with
Austria
obtained
them
,
upon
certain
conditions
,
that
they
should
enjoy
under
the
Cantons
the
same
priviledges
they
had
under
the
Austrian
;
these
are
five
in
number
,
namely
Bada
,
Bremgartan
,
Frauvenfeld
,
Mellingen
,
and
Rapersvil
.
Bada
on
the
river
Limag
is
so
called
from
the
hot
baths
there
,
it
is
therefore
named
Thermopolis
;
this
town
is
mentioned
in
Cor.
Tacitus
,
it
had
anciently
two
castles
,
the
one
upon
a
high
rock
,
demolished
by
the
Switzers
,
the
other
is
garrisoned
by
them
;
it
had
also
Earls
of
old
,
who
are
now
extinct
,
to
whom
succeeded
the
Lords
of
Habspurg
,
who
joyned
this
and
other
things
to
the
House
of
Austria
;
at
last
,
it
fell
from
them
to
the
Switzers
,
in
the
council
of
Constance
,
because
Frederick
of
Austria
maintained
Pope
Iohn
22.
against
the
Emperour
and
Council
;
therefore
he
is
excommunicate
,
and
proscribed
.
Sigismund
the
Emperour
with
the
Prince
of
Bavaria
made
war
against
him
:
the
Switzers
are
commanded
to
war
against
him
also
,
notwithstanding
the
fifty
years
peace
they
had
lately
made
with
him
,
because
he
was
excommunicate
and
an
enemy
to
the
Church
and
state
;
if
they
refuse
to
break
the
peace
,
they
should
be
excommunicated
also
with
the
Austrian
:
the
breach
of
this
peace
was
also
warranted
by
the
Princes
Legats
at
the
council
,
and
the
Jurisconsults
,
because
the
Emperours
subjects
,
in
all
their
actions
,
must
except
either
expresly
or
tacitly
the
Emperours
Majesty
and
Rights
.
The
copy
of
this
Decree
was
sent
them
,
and
withall
is
shewed
them
,
that
whatever
they
have
pawned
to
the
Austrian
heretofore
,
doth
now
belong
to
the
Empire
,
and
that
the
Emperour
will
make
no
peace
with
the
Austrian
,
except
he
confirm
the
Helvetian
peace
:
to
this
war
at
last
they
assented
;
but
withall
they
desired
pay
,
because
they
were
poor
;
the
Emperour
told
them
his
money
was
short
,
but
he
would
bestow
on
them
whatever
goods
of
the
Austrians
they
possessed
,
or
should
obtain
in
this
war
till
they
had
their
pay
;
he
exhorts
also
Zurich
to
take
arms
,
promising
them
that
Austrian
Country
beyond
Mount
Albius
in
perpetuall
Fee
:
Upon
this
the
Tigurins
in
the
year
1415.
besiege
Mellinga
,
and
the
third
day
take
it
:
thence
they
went
to
Brengarten
,
where
the
Cantons
of
Suits
and
Zug
joyned
with
them
,
to
whom
this
Town
also
surrendred
it self
,
under
the
protection
of
the
Empire
;
divers
other
Towns
the
Switzers
took
from
the
Austrian
.
Then
the
Tigurins
by
the
help
of
the
other
Cantons
,
except
Bern
,
besiege
Bada
the
strongest
place
belonging
to
the
Austrian
,
and
which
had
often
done
them
much
hurt
by
excursions
:
after
three
weeks
siege
,
the
Town
surrenders
;
the
Castle
held
out
some
time
after
,
till
all
necessaries
began
to
fail
them
:
at
last
,
they
capitulate
to
surrender
if
the
Austrian
do
not
relieve
them
at
such
a
time
;
mean
while
,
the
Austrian
makes
his
peace
with
the
Emperour
,
and
command
is
sent
to
the
Switzers
to
disband
their
Army
,
but
they
would
not
give
off
the
siege
of
this
Castle
till
they
took
and
burned
it
,
because
of
the
much
mischiefe
they
had
heretofore
suffered
by
it
;
the
Gentry
stormed
at
this
,
but
could
not
now
tell
how
to
help
it
.
Now
the
Emperour
intending
for
Spain
,
to
bring
from
thence
Peter
de
Luna
,
otherwayes
Benedict
the
ninth
,
to
be
Pope
;
and
his
treasure
being
exhausted
both
on
the
Council
and
on
his
wars
,
he
ingaged
Beda
with
some
other
Towns
and
Lands
to
them
belonging
,
for
a
summe
of
mony
to
Zurich
;
likewise
to
Bern
he
pawned
the
Country
of
Ergow
,
which
they
at
this
day
doe
solely
possesse
.
The
next
year
after
,
Zurich
made
the
Cantons
of
Lucerne
,
Suits
,
Underwald
,
Zug
,
and
Glaris
,
sharers
of
this
Pawn
or
Mortgage
:
but
those
of
Uri
at
first
refused
to
share
,
thinking
it
a
breach
of
the
peace
;
but
being
better
informed
of
the
lawfulnesse
thereof
,
grounded
on
the
Emperours
and
Councils
authority
,
were
content
to
pay
their
money
and
share
with
the
rest
,
and
so
did
Bern
also
.
Bremgarten
one
of
the
mortgaged
towns
,
is
seated
on
the
river
Russe
,
two
German
miles
below
Lucern
;
it
was
first
under
the
Empire
,
then
it
came
to
the
Habspurgs
,
from
them
to
the
Austrian
Princes
,
who
derive
their
beginning
from
them
.
Mellingen
another
of
these
pawned
Towns
on
the
same
river
,
one
German
mile
below
Bremgarten
,
it
belonged
to
the
Earls
of
Habspurg
;
these
two
Towns
with
Bada
were
taken
by
the
Switzers
for
the
Emperour
:
Now
they
are
under
the
eight
Cantons
,
who
suffer
them
to
retain
their
ancient
priviledges
.
Rapersvil
stands
on
the
Lake
of
Zurich
or
Tigurum
;
it
first
belonged
to
the
Earls
of
Rapersvil
,
then
to
the
Habspurgs
;
it
fell
to
the
Switzers
ann.
1458.
Here
were
two
factions
,
the
one
Austrian
,
the
other
Helvetian
;
of
these
Duke
Sigismund
carried
away
some
prisoners
to
Oenipont
or
Inspruc
,
which
made
the
other
joyn
with
the
Switzers
;
but
the
prisoners
were
restored
by
the
Switzers
threatnings
and
intercession
:
After
,
the
Switzers
war
against
Constance
;
those
of
Uri
,
Suits
,
Underwald
,
and
Glaris
,
obtained
leave
to
march
with
their
Army
through
Rapersvil
;
who
when
they
came
,
seised
on
the
Town
;
which
by
reason
of
the
Helvetian
prevailing
faction
there
,
swore
Allegiance
to
those
foure
Cantons
,
under
whom
they
are
yet
,
and
enjoy
their
ancient
priviledges
which
they
had
under
the
Austrian
.
Two
years
after
the
taking
of
Rapersvil
,
the
seven
Cantons
seised
on
Frawenfield
,
the
chief
City
of
Turgea
or
Turgow
,
in
their
war
against
Sigismund
of
Austria
;
to
this
war
the
Cantons
were
incited
by
Pope
Pius
or
Aeneas
Silvius
,
who
excommunicated
Sigismund
for
imprisoning
Cardinal
Cusan
,
Bishop
of
Brixia
or
Bresse
.
Vitodurum
or
Winterdur
,
is
a
town
in
Kyburg
belonging
to
the
Canton
of
Zurich
,
it
was
then
under
the
Austrian
;
this
town
suspecting
that
the
Tigurins
would
surprise
them
,
shut
their
Gates
on
the
Fare-day
of
S.
Gall
against
the
Country
people
,
and
would
not
open
them
upon
any
intreaties
of
the
Governour
of
Zurich
:
Hereupon
Zurich
forbids
all
commerce
with
this
Town
,
and
the
Austrian
strengthens
it
with
a
garrison
:
The
Tigurins
with
the
other
Cantons
besiege
Vitodurum
;
so
at
last
the
Switzers
obtain
,
ann.
1460.
the
Country
of
Turgow
with
the
Towns
of
Diessenhow
on
the
Rhine
,
and
Frawenfield
:
this
war
also
of
the
Cantons
with
the
Austrian
was
hastned
on
by
two
brothers
,
Vigil
and
Bernard
Gradlers
,
who
being
oppressed
by
Sigismund
,
appealed
for
justice
to
the
Cantons
.
There
are
also
under
the
Switzers
nine
Bailiages
or
governments
,
to
wit
,
the
County
of
Bade
,
the
free
Provinces
,
Turgow
,
Sarunetes
or
Sargaris
,
Rhegus●…i
or
the
Valley
of
Rhin
,
Lugano
,
Locarne
,
Mendrise
,
and
the
Valley
of
Madie
;
the
last
four
are
beyond
the
Alpes
in
Italy
,
and
speak
Italian
,
the
rest
speak
Dutch.
Bada
is
subject
to
the
Cantons
of
Zurich
,
Lucern
,
Uri
,
Suits
,
Underwald
,
Zug
,
Glaris
,
and
Bern
;
these
are
also
Lords
of
Turgow
,
except
Bern
:
the
judicature
of
criminal
causes
was
taken
from
Frederick
of
Austria
in
the
Council
of
Constance
,
and
pawned
by
Sigismund
the
Emperour
to
the
City
of
Constance
;
but
ann.
1490.
Maximilian
Emperour
bestowed
it
on
the
Switzers
;
the
free
Provinces
are
these
Castles
and
Villages
upon
the
left
side
of
the
river
Russ
,
above
and
beneath
Bregmarten
;
these
are
called
free
Provinces
,
because
the
three
Villages
of
Megenberg
,
Richenfer
,
and
Ergow
or
Villa
Verbigena
had
their
several
jurisdictions
and
officers
,
as
distinct
provinces
,
but
now
are
made
one
.
This
part
anciently
was
called
the
County
of
Rore
,
it
is
now
under
the
Cantons
,
namely
Zurich
,
Lucerne
,
Uri
,
Suits
,
Underwald
,
Zug
,
and
Glaris
;
it
was
taken
by
Lucern
in
the
war
between
the
Helvetian
and
Frederick
of
Austria
;
but
the
other
Cantons
claimed
an
equal
share
in
the
government
with
Lucerna
,
according
to
their
ancient
agreement
,
that
all
should
be
common
,
whatsoever
was
taken
in
that
war
;
the
matter
was
referred
to
Bern
,
whose
verdict
was
for
the
equal
sharing
of
the
jurisdiction
by
the
other
Cantons
:
The
Country
is
smal
,
therefore
the
governour
who
comes
hither
some
times
in
the
year
hath
his
residence
in
the
Abbey
of
Muren
.
Sarnuetes
or
Sargans
,
so
called
from
the
river
Sara
hard
by
them
;
this
Town
and
Country
belonged
anciently
to
the
Earls
of
Werdenberg
,
then
to
the
Austrian
;
who
sold
it
to
the
Earls
of
Tog
,
from
whom
the
Earls
of
Sargans
or
Werdenberg
redeemed
it
:
At
last
,
ann.
1483.
George
of
Werdenberg
sold
it
to
the
seven
ancient
Cantons
,
who
send
thither
governours
by
turn
,
under
whom
the
Town
enjoys
its
old
priviledges
.
Rhegusci
on
the
Rhene
,
are
a
part
of
the
Grisons
,
they
that
dwell
on
the
right
side
of
the
Rhene
,
are
under
the
Austrian
;
but
the
inhabitants
on
the
left
side
belong
to
the
Switzers
.
Frederick
Togg
took
all
this
Country
from
the
Austrian
by
the
Emperours
command
,
at
the
Council
of
Constance
.
Afterward
this
country
was
divers
times
pawned
and
sold
,
till
at
last
the
Cantons
of
Zurich
,
Lucerne
,
Suits
,
Glaris
,
Uri
,
Underwald
,
Zug
,
having
aided
the
Abbot
of
S.
Gall
against
Apenzel
,
obtained
for
their
pay
this
country
:
afterward
they
admit
the
Abbatiscellans
the
ancient
Lords
thereof
to
a
share
in
the
government
,
so
that
now
it
is
under
eight
Cantons
.
Beyond
the
Alpes
,
the
Cantons
have
four
Bailiages
or
Governments
in
Italy
;
the
first
is
Lugano
,
upon
the
Lake
;
the
second
is
Locarne
,
where
was
a
strong
Castle
,
not
inferiour
to
that
of
Millain
;
the
third
is
Mendrisi
;
and
the
four
is
the
Valley
of
Madia
;
Maximilian
Sfortia
Duke
of
Millain
bestowed
these
upon
The
Switzers
have
made
divers
leagues
with
their
neighbours
:
with
Millain
ann.
1466.
between
Galeacius
and
Blanca
Maria
his
wife
,
and
the
eight
Cantons
;
then
between
Galeacius
Maria
Sfortia
,
and
those
of
Uri
about
the
Valley
of
Lepontia
or
Liviner
:
the
Duke
grants
to
Uri
the
civil
jurisdiction
of
that
Valley
,
who
were
for
this
to
pay
the
Duke
a
yearly
tribute
,
four
Hawks
and
a
cross-Bow
.
Ferdinand
Gonzaga
ann.
1552.
governour
of
Millain
,
in
the
name
of
Charls
the
fifth
Emperour
,
renews
the
league
with
the
Switzers
,
which
was
to
continue
four
years
:
after
the
death
of
Charls
the
fifth
,
this
league
hath
not
been
renewed
by
the
Kings
of
Spain
,
now
Lords
of
Millain
,
with
the
Helvetian
,
though
amity
is
carefully
entertained
between
them
;
yet
Philip
the
second
of
Spain
made
a
confederacy
with
the
six
Catholick
Cantons
,
to
wit
,
Lucern
,
Urania
,
Suits
,
Silvania
,
Zug
,
and
Friburg
,
for
maintenance
of
the
old
Faith
;
this
was
confirmed
at
Millain
,
ann.
1588.
the
Catholicks
of
Appenzel
were
admitted
into
the
same
society
,
ann.
1597.
Sigismund
of
Austria
made
a
perpetual
league
with
the
Switzers
,
which
was
confirmed
by
the
Emperours
Maximilian
,
Charles
the
fifth
,
and
Ferdinand
.
This
Sigismund
was
the
son
of
Frederick
,
who
carried
away
Pope
Iohn
from
the
council
of
Constance
:
he
had
many
battles
with
the
Switzers
,
by
whom
being
often
beat
,
he
labours
to
draw
aid
from
King
Lewis
of
France
;
but
he
who
had
felt
the
Switzers
valour
at
the
council
of
Basil
,
would
not
meddle
in
the
busines
:
then
he
implores
the
Burgundian
,
to
whom
he
mortgageth
some
countries
neer
Helvetia
,
that
he
might
purposely
quarrel
with
the
Switzers
;
but
the
Burgundian
governour
was
so
tyrannical
,
that
Sigismund
was
glad
upon
the
earnest
entreaty
of
his
oppressed
subjects
to
redeem
again
the
mortgage
,
and
to
make
a
league
,
that
was
to
be
renewed
every
ten
years
with
the
Switzer
against
the
Burgundian
,
whose
power
was
too
great
for
either
of
them
apart
.
Ann.
1474.
not
onely
Sigismund
of
Austria
,
but
also
Renatus
of
Lorrain
,
with
the
Bishops
of
Strasburg
,
Basil
,
and
divers
cities
,
entred
into
confederacy
with
Helvetia
against
the
Burgundian
:
but
after
he
was
slain
,
Sigismund
being
childlesse
,
resignes
his
principality
to
Maximilian
the
Emperour
,
reserving
onely
to
himself
an
annual
pension
;
this
Emperour
renews
the
Austrian
league
with
Helvetia
,
ann.
1511.
in
which
was
comprehended
the
house
of
Burgundy
,
and
his
Nephew
Charles
now
under
his
tuition
,
with
the
twelve
Cantons
,
Appenzel
,
the
Abbot
and
Town
of
S.
Gall.
Maximilian
also
promiseth
for
his
Nephew
Charles
,
that
he
will
yearly
pay
to
each
Canton
two
hundred
crowns
as
a
present
in
Zurich
;
to
the
Abbot
and
Town
of
S.
Gall
,
and
to
Appenzel
,
to
each
of
them
100.
crowns
,
till
Charls
be
of
years
that
he
can
manage
his
Dominions
himself
,
who
was
also
to
confirm
this
League
,
which
he
did
,
ann:
1543.
●…o
far
as
concerned
the
house
of
Burgundy
,
for
Austria
was
then
under
the
government
of
his
brother
Ferdinand
.
The
Dukes
of
Savoy
did
anciently
entertain
amity
with
Bern
,
Friburg
,
and
Soluerre
;
and
Charls
father
to
Philbert
made
a
league
of
twenty
five
years
with
all
the
Cantons
,
ann.
1512.
during
which
,
the
Duke
was
to
pay
yearly
to
each
Canton
at
Bern
two
hundred
crowns
:
about
the
end
of
this
league
,
Duke
Charls
lost
the
greatest
part
of
his
Dutchie
to
King
Francis
of
France
;
in
this
war
Bern
in
defence
of
their
confederats
of
Geneva
,
seised
upon
some
part
of
the
Dutchy
:
the
renewing
of
this
league
was
interrupted
by
the
wars
of
Charls
5.
now
protector
of
Savoy
,
against
the
French
in
Piemont
;
but
afterward
Philbert
son
to
Duke
Charles
being
restored
to
his
Dominions
by
the
French
,
made
a
perpetual
league
with
six
Cantons
of
Lucern
,
Suits
,
Uri
,
Underwald
,
Zug
,
and
Soluerre
,
and
after
this
,
the
other
Cantons
joyned
in
this
confederacy
.
Of
the
French
kings
,
Lewis
11.
was
the
first
that
made
a
league
with
,
and
paid
to
the
Switzers
an
annual
pension
:
this
was
after
he
had
tried
their
valour
at
Basil
,
where
he
lost
6000
men
by
1600
Switzers
;
In
hatred
also
of
the
Burgundian
,
by
whom
he
had
been
lately
beaten
,
he
makes
this
league
for
ten
years
,
promising
to
each
Canton
a
stipend
of
7000
Franks
.
Charles
8.
sonne
to
this
Lewis
,
renewed
the
league
an.
1483.
and
imployed
the
Switzers
in
his
war
against
the
Duke
of
Britany
,
whom
he
overcame
,
and
also
in
the
Neapolitan
war.
Lewis
12.
his
successor
made
a
league
of
twelve
years
with
them
,
that
by
their
help
he
might
again
recover
Millan
.
This
war
being
ended
,
Lewis
refuseth
to
pay
any
more
the
Switzers
pension
,
wherefore
they
in
anger
make
a
league
with
Pope
Iulius
2.
an.
1510.
by
this
means
Sfortia
is
repossessed
of
Millan
,
and
the
French
beat
out
.
Francis
Valois
son-in-law
to
Lewis
succeeded
,
who
beat
the
Switzers
,
and
carried
the
Duke
of
Millan
prisoner
into
France
;
but
shortly
after
he
made
a
stable
league
with
the
Cantons
,
considering
how
conducible
their
amity
was
to
France
,
and
promiseth
to
pay
yearly
to
each
Canton
2000
franks
,
and
as
much
to
the
Valesians
;
to
the
Grisons
as
much
as
Lewis
12.
paid
them
,
and
2000
franks
over
and
above
;
to
the
Abbot
of
S.
Gall
and
to
his
subjects
,
and
to
those
of
Toggenburg
,
600
franks
;
to
the
City
of
S.
Gall
,
400.
to
Mulhouse
,
400.
to
those
of
the
County
of
Gruer
,
600.
and
it
is
agreed
,
that
the
places
heretofore
under
the
protection
of
Millan
shall
enjoy
now
under
France
their
ancient
privileges
:
many
other
articles
were
concluded
between
them
,
and
ratified
at
Friburg
,
in
the
yeare
1516.
It
was
further
agreed
five
years
after
,
That
the
French
king
might
at
his
pleasure
,
when
he
was
threatned
with
war
,
raise
six
thousand
Switzers
at
least
,
and
not
above
sixteen
thousand
without
the
Magistrates
permission
;
these
levies
the
Cantons
must
not
hinder
or
call
back
,
except
they
be
in
danger
themselves
of
invasion
;
but
the
French
king
is
not
to
imploy
the
Switzers
in
any
sea-service
,
but
on
the
land
onely
;
if
the
Switzers
be
invaded
,
the
French
king
is
to
furnish
them
on
his
own
charges
with
two
hundred
men
compleatly
armed
,
or
else
two
thousand
crowns
every
three
moneths
,
besides
twelve
peeces
of
ordance
,
and
a
thousand
franks
yearly
to
each
Canton
during
this
league
,
which
was
to
continue
three
yeares
after
the
death
of
King
Francis
:
his
son
Henry
who
succeeded
made
a
new
league
with
the
Switzers
,
on
the
same
articles
which
were
agreed
upon
by
his
father
;
this
continued
five
yeares
after
his
death
;
in
this
the
Switzers
were
not
to
aid
the
French
in
recovering
their
lost
dominions
in
Italy
,
but
were
to
help
him
in
regaining
the
town
and
province
of
Bolon
in
Picardy
:
this
league
was
made
at
Salodor
,
an.
1549.
in
which
all
the
Cantons
were
included
except
the
Tigurins
and
Bernois
.
Lastly
,
Charles
9.
sonne
to
King
Henry
,
renewed
the
former
league
;
so
did
Henry
4.
who
promised
to
pay
the
Switzers
for
their
arrears
due
to
them
,
a
million
of
gold
.
The
sixe
Catholike
Cantons
are
allowed
CHAP.
IX
.
The
Swedish
History
,
from
the
year
1590.
till
the
year
1631.
SIgismund
son
to
Iohn
is
declared
King
of
Swethland
,
an.
1590.
He
returns
from
his
kingdom
of
Poland
,
and
is
crowned
at
Upsalia
king
of
Swethland
.
Francis
Malaspina
Bishop
of
Urbin
and
the
Popes
Legat
,
was
earnest
to
inaugurate
the
King
after
the
Pontifician
manner
,
hoping
thereby
to
reduce
the
Roman
religion
into
that
kingdome
;
but
he
was
opposed
by
the
Parliament
,
chiefly
by
Adam
Andracan
Archbishop
of
Upsalia
,
who
told
the
Legat
,
that
it
was
against
the
custome
and
lawes
of
that
kingdom
,
for
any
except
the
Archbishop
of
Upsalia
to
set
the
Crown
on
the
Kings
head
,
besides
(
saith
he
)
the
King
must
swear
to
maintain
the
Augustine
Confession
exhibited
to
Charls
5.
sixty
four
years
ago
,
and
no
other
Religion
in
that
kingdom
but
that
which
was
established
by
Gustavus
and
Iohn
3.
the
Kings
late
predecessors
;
in
the
Parliament
of
Upsalia
.
The
King
perceiving
that
all
the
Assembly
sided
with
Adam
,
he
was
content
to
receive
his
inauguration
from
him
;
his
Coronation-oath
was
given
him
by
the
Chancellor
of
Swethland
,
by
which
he
promiseth
to
maintain
justice
and
truth
,
to
suppresse
vice
,
to
govern
the
kingdome
with
P.
Charles
and
the
Swedish
parliament
,
to
admit
no
strangers
into
his
counsels
or
chief
offices
of
his
kingdom
;
that
he
will
lay
no
taxes
on
his
people
except
he
be
thereto
necessitated
by
wars
,
or
the
marriages
of
his
children
,
or
reparation
of
decayed
castles
;
that
he
will
maintain
the
priviledges
of
the
Nobility
,
Clergy
and
people
,
and
their
peace
and
welfare
.
Then
in
the
Parliament
some
lawes
were
enacted
for
governing
of
the
kingdom
in
the
Kings
absence
,
who
the
next
Iune
after
returned
to
Poland
.
But
within
few
years
after
,
in
the
Parliament
held
at
Stockholm
he
was
deposed
by
the
States
of
Swethland
;
and
The
six
moneths
prefixed
for
the
Kings
resolution
being
past
,
and
no
answer
from
him
,
a
Parliament
is
called
,
in
which
Duke
Charles
is
desired
to
undertake
the
kingdom
,
which
he
refused
,
till
the
other
six
moneths
were
expired
,
in
which
the
young
Prince
was
to
be
sent
to
be
instructed
in
the
new
religion
and
laws
of
the
kingdome
,
that
when
he
should
attain
the
full
age
of
24
years
,
he
might
be
crowned
,
and
not
before
.
In
the
mean
time
they
desire
Duke
Charls
to
manage
the
State-affairs
during
the
Princes
minority
,
whether
he
come
or
not
;
and
withall
they
are
resolved
,
if
D.
Charls
die
before
this
time
,
to
choose
three
eminent
men
to
govern
the
State
,
and
to
breed
the
young
Princes
in
the
Protestant
faith
;
it
is
also
enacted
,
that
if
Sigismunds
son
succeeds
to
the
crown
,
he
shall
provide
an
honorable
maintenance
for
his
Uncle
Duke
Iohn
,
in
his
Dutchy
of
Ostrogoth
,
and
that
he
shall
permit
D.
Gustavus
Adolphus
son
to
D.
Charles
to
inherit
without
molestation
his
fathers
Dukedome
in
as
ample
manner
as
his
father
possessed
it
;
it
is
likewise
ordered
,
that
if
the
King
suffers
himself
to
be
dethroned
,
that
Duke
Charles
shall
succeed
;
and
if
he
die
before
any
of
the
young
Princes
be
fit
for
government
,
he
shall
be
governour
whom
Duke
Charles
shall
name
in
his
last
will
and
testament
;
but
if
he
neglect
to
name
any
,
then
the
State
will
chuse
two
or
three
faithful
governours
,
till
the
young
Princes
descended
of
Prince
Iohn
,
or
of
Duke
Gustavus
Adolphus
shall
be
of
years
,
it
being
in
the
power
of
the
State
to
chuse
which
of
them
they
shall
think
fittest
for
government
.
In
the
mean
while
,
because
King
Sigismund
had
falsified
his
oath
,
departed
twice
out
of
the
Kingdome
without
leave
,
sent
Armies
of
aliens
against
his
native
Country
,
and
hath
refused
to
give
any
answer
to
their
petition
,
therefore
they
disinherit
him
and
his
posterity
;
they
also
order
that
Prince
Iohn
shall
have
for
his
maintenance
the
Dutchy
in
Othrogoth
,
which
once
was
possessed
by
Duke
Magnus
,
except
such
Territories
as
belong
to
Duke
Charles
by
patent
,
instead
of
which
Duke
Iohn
shall
have
other
lands
of
the
same
value
,
so
that
Duke
Iohn
shall
content
himself
with
these
,
expecting
nothing
else
in
this
Kingdome
,
except
what
he
can
claim
by
right
of
inheritance
:
It
is
also
ordered
that
the
Duke
shall
entertain
none
that
goeth
about
to
sow
discord
between
the
Regal
and
Ducal
families
,
but
such
only
as
study
the
peace
and
welfare
of
both
families
so
nearly
linked
in
blood
;
withall
they
humbly
beseech
Duke
Charles
for
the
present
to
accept
of
the
Crown
,
as
being
most
worthy
thereof
by
reason
of
his
many
good
offices
he
hath
done
to
this
Kingdome
,
especially
in
promoting
the
Protestant
faith
against
all
opposition
,
to
the
hazard
of
his
life
and
estate
;
and
this
they
make
known
by
their
Legats
to
foreign
Princes
,
that
Duke
Charles
used
not
any
sinistrous
means
to
attain
this
Crown
,
but
was
again
and
again
urged
and
pressed
by
the
joynt
importunity
of
Peers
and
people
to
accept
the
same
,
and
therefore
they
resolve
to
admit
of
none
other
for
their
King
,
but
Duke
Charles
,
to
whom
they
swear
allegiance
,
and
resolve
to
give
him
all
the
rights
and
honours
belonging
to
the
Crown
of
Sweden
,
though
he
should
refuse
the
ceremony
of
Coronation
:
They
also
enact
,
that
after
the
death
of
Duke
Charles
,
his
sonne
Gustavus
Adolphus
shall
succeed
to
the
Crown
,
and
after
him
his
lawful
heirs
male
successively
;
but
if
Duke
Charles
his
heirs
male
should
fail
,
then
Duke
Iohn
and
his
heirs
shall
succeed
so
long
as
that
line
shall
remain
;
which
Iohn
and
his
successours
shall
swear
never
to
make
any
league
or
union
with
King
Sigismund
,
or
his
heirs
,
tending
to
their
obtaining
any
foot
again
in
the
government
of
this
Kingdome
:
Iohn
also
must
take
heed
that
he
never
go
about
to
promote
Papacie
,
except
he
with
his
whole
progeny
will
lose
their
interest
for
ever
in
this
Kingdome
:
They
also
advise
Duke
Charles
,
that
during
his
sonnes
minority
,
he
would
nominate
a
faithful
and
prudent
Governour
and
Tutor
,
who
after
his
death
might
wisely
administer
the
Kingdome
,
till
his
sonne
attain
the
age
of
four
and
twenty
,
and
that
this
governour
shall
be
a
Swede
,
and
no
alien
.
After
the
States
had
sworn
fealty
and
allegiance
to
Duke
Charles
the
son
of
Gustavus
Duke
of
Suderman
,
Nericia
,
and
Wermeland
;
he
undertook
the
government
of
the
Kingdome
,
but
without
the
name
or
title
of
King
,
and
so
continued
till
the
year
1607.
when
by
the
joynt
consent
of
the
States
,
he
was
crowned
King
of
Sweden
,
to
whom
,
and
to
his
son
Gustavus
after
him
,
and
to
his
successours
the
inheritance
of
the
Crown
is
confirmed
by
a
solemn
oath
of
Parliament
.
He
had
before
this
taken
from
the
Polonian
a
great
part
of
Livonia
.
Upon
his
second
son
Duke
Charles
Philip
they
confer
his
fathers
Dutchy
of
Suderman
,
Nericia
and
Wermeland
,
with
other
spiritual
and
secular
jurisdictions
possessed
by
Duke
Charles
his
father
,
before
he
attained
the
Crown
;
Duke
Iohn
shall
inherit
the
Dutchy
of
Duke
Magnus
:
If
Duke
Gustavus
Adolphus
dye
without
issue
male
,
then
his
brother
Duke
Charles
Philip
,
and
the
males
of
his
body
lawfully
begotten
,
shall
succeed
to
the
Crown
;
if
these
fail
,
then
Duke
Iohn
and
his
heirs
male
shall
inherit
the
Kingdome
;
in
default
of
these
,
he
shall
succeed
that
is
next
to
them
in
blood
:
but
if
the
whole
Gustavian
masculine
race
fail
,
then
the
females
shall
possesse
the
Crown
in
as
ample
manner
as
the
males
,
and
it
shall
be
lawful
for
them
to
chuse
their
own
husbands
,
so
that
they
are
not
Papists
,
nor
enemies
to
the
State
,
nor
strangers
,
but
of
some
Noble
family
of
Sweden
,
or
some
German
Prince
descended
from
Gustavus
,
of
the
Augustan
faith
;
if
the
Queen
shall
do
otherwise
,
she
must
look
to
be
dethroned
:
they
promise
also
to
provide
honourable
maintenance
for
the
other
Royal
or
Ducal
daughters
,
who
must
not
marry
without
consent
of
Parliament
;
neither
must
any
of
the
Kings
or
Dukes
sons
take
to
themselves
wives
of
another
Religion
,
or
marry
of
their
own
head
,
without
acquainting
the
States
,
and
if
any
shall
perswade
or
counsel
them
to
do
otherwise
,
or
to
change
his
Religion
,
he
shall
be
guilty
of
High-treason
;
and
whosoever
refuses
to
imbrace
the
Augustan
confession
,
shall
forfeit
his
estate
to
the
next
of
blood
,
and
shall
be
banished
the
Kingdome
:
It
is
also
enacted
,
that
none
of
the
Blood-royal
of
Sweden
shall
inherit
this
Crown
,
if
he
accepts
of
any
forreign
Kingdome
,
except
he
make
his
perpetual
residence
in
the
Kingdome
of
Sweden
;
seeing
Sigismunds
accepting
of
the
Kingdome
of
Poland
,
and
residing
out
of
this
his
native
Kingdome
,
hath
occasioned
so
much
mischief
,
as
hath
almost
ruined
it
.
The
Kingdome
being
established
in
King
Charles
and
his
heirs
,
he
reigned
four
years
,
in
which
time
he
had
war
with
the
Danes
;
in
this
he
fell
into
a
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
and
Carolus
Philippus
,
with
one
daughter
;
he
had
wars
with
the
Polonian
in
Livonia
,
where
he
was
defeated
:
He
had
better
success
before
he
was
King
,
when
he
killed
two
thousand
of
Sigismunds
Army
,
seised
on
his
camp
and
money
,
and
caused
him
to
deliver
up
the
Chancellour
,
and
other
incendiaries
to
punishment
:
nor
was
he
successeful
in
his
wars
against
the
Danes
,
for
Christianus
9.
of
Denmark
,
having
sent
a
Herauld
to
Charles
for
restoring
of
the
Danish
ships
he
took
,
was
slighted
,
and
no
answer
at
all
returned
;
whereupon
the
Dane
besiegeth
Calmaria
a
strong
Town
in
Swethland
;
and
at
last
takes
it
by
storm
,
in
which
men
women
and
children
were
put
to
the
sword
by
the
inraged
souldier
;
though
the
Town
was
taken
,
yet
the
Castle
held
out
.
In
the
interim
the
Swedes
took
Christianopolis
from
the
Danes
by
a
stratagem
:
for
this
Town
had
sent
letters
to
the
King
for
some
Auxiliaries
;
these
letters
being
intercepted
by
the
Swede
,
a
garrison
is
sent
with
Danish
colours
lately
taken
;
so
the
Town
is
surprised
,
burnt
,
and
most
of
the
Inhabitants
slain
;
the
Dane
takes
divers
ships
from
the
Swede
,
and
beats
him
again
out
of
Calmaria
,
after
he
had
retaken
it
:
upon
this
the
governour
of
the
Castle
surrenders
that
also
to
the
Dane
,
where
were
a
hundred
and
eight
brasse
Guns
,
and
six
war-ships
,
with
all
their
furniture
;
divers
other
Castles
also
surrendred
to
the
Dane
,
which
so
incensed
Charles
,
that
he
sends
a
challenge
to
Christianus
for
a
duel
,
which
was
rejected
and
laughed
at
by
the
Dane
,
wherefore
King
Charles
with
grief
and
age
fell
sick
and
died
the
next
moneth
;
about
the
end
of
that
year
most
of
the
Swedish
ships
were
taken
by
the
Danes
at
Elsburg
,
the
other
Key
as
it
were
of
Sweden
,
and
five
months
after
the
Castle
is
surrendred
.
To
Charles
succeeded
his
son
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
he
was
crowned
at
four
and
twenty
years
of
age
;
three
years
after
he
married
with
Mary
Eleonor
sister
George
William
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
she
bare
him
a
daughter
Christiana
by
name
,
who
died
the
same
year
she
was
born
in
;
then
she
bare
him
another
daughter
called
also
Christiana
,
who
now
reigns
,
she
was
declared
heir
to
the
Crown
in
the
Diet
at
Stockholm
;
for
Duke
Charles
Philip
hereditary
Prince
of
Elias
Tripus
;
the
Polander
recovered
again
Newburg
,
who
laid
siege
also
to
Strasburg
,
but
was
beaten
off
by
Oxenstern
the
Chancellor
;
from
Meva
he
was
driven
back
by
the
King
of
Swede
,
notwithstanding
the
Polander
was
assisted
by
the
Imperial
forces
,
therefore
he
was
forced
to
make
peace
with
Gustavus
,
who
restored
to
him
Strausburg
,
Dirsavia
,
and
Fraeberg
,
but
retained
what
he
took
in
Livonia
and
Borussia
,
some
Towns
were
sequestred
into
the
hands
of
Brandenburg
;
the
two
Kings
promise
mutual
assistance
to
each
other
against
any
third
party
that
shall
make
war
upon
either
of
them
.
Gustavus
being
angry
that
the
Emperour
Ferdinand
2.
had
sent
aid
to
the
Polander
against
him
in
Borussia
,
and
had
rejected
his
Ambassadours
at
the
Treaty
of
Lubec
;
he
complains
by
his
Legat
to
General
Walstein
,
of
the
Army
sent
against
him
under
Aruheim
:
Walstein
answers
the
King
scornfully
,
that
because
Caesar
had
so
many
Armies
,
he
was
forced
for
want
of
other
employment
to
send
this
to
his
friend
the
King
of
Poland
against
the
Swede
;
besides
Gustavus
was
earnestly
invited
by
the
banished
Princes
of
Germany
,
and
chiefly
by
the
Protestants
who
daily
complained
of
the
wrongs
they
suffered
,
to
come
to
their
assistance
;
he
was
also
jealous
of
some
plots
intended
against
his
Kingdome
,
when
Duke
Albert
of
Fridland
,
in
the
Emperours
right
,
arrogated
to
himself
the
title
of
High-admiral
of
the
Ocean
and
Baltick
seas
,
which
title
never
any
Emperour
had
before
usurped
;
the
pyracies
also
exercised
upon
the
Swedish
ships
did
much
afflict
and
grieve
him
,
therefore
he
complains
to
the
Imperial
Electors
(
who
in
right
of
the
Empire
were
to
take
notice
of
the
differences
between
Princes
)
but
when
he
saw
no
redresse
,
nor
hopes
of
peace
,
he
sends
abroad
his
Declarations
,
that
all
might
take
notice
how
he
was
necessitated
to
take
Arms
;
therefore
having
prepared
a
Navy
,
he
enters
the
Isle
of
Rugia
on
Midsummer-day
,
where
as
soon
as
he
came
on
shore
,
he
fell
on
About
this
time
a
Diet
is
called
at
Ratisbone
;
the
Protestant
Electors
of
Saxony
and
Brandenburg
refuse
to
be
there
in
person
,
but
send
their
Ambassadours
;
the
Popes
Legats
were
there
,
by
whom
the
league
is
renewed
;
and
it
is
ordered
that
a
great
Army
shall
be
raised
to
force
the
Princes
to
make
restitution
of
the
Church-goods
;
the
Emperor
by
his
Edict
complaining
of
the
wrongs
done
him
by
the
Swede
,
whom
he
never
offended
,
in
making
an
hostile
invasion
upon
Germany
,
threatneth
proscription
of
all
those
who
shall
any
wayes
assist
him
;
he
commands
also
that
all
shall
be
ready
with
men
,
money
and
provision
against
the
Swedes
:
The
King
on
the
other
side
protests
,
that
he
desires
nothing
more
then
the
peace
of
the
Church
,
and
that
the
Emperor
would
admit
a
Treaty
to
that
purpose
;
but
in
the
mean
while
he
prosecutes
the
war
,
for
he
takes
in
the
Castle
of
Wolgasten
,
and
by
that
means
got
a
great
part
of
Pomerania
to
side
with
him
;
then
he
falls
upon
divers
other
places
which
made
resistance
,
as
Tratsund
,
Barth
,
and
the
Castle
of
Damgart
,
which
he
took
by
storm
,
and
put
the
Garrison
to
the
sword
;
upon
this
Ribbenitza
a
Town
in
the
Dutchy
of
Megapolis
on
the
confines
of
Pomerania
,
opened
her
gates
to
him
:
then
the
King
by
his
Edict
wisheth
the
Megapolitans
to
forsake
the
Fridlanders
,
and
to
receive
again
their
lawful
Dukes
Adolphus
Frederick
,
and
Iohn
Albert
,
unjustly
driven
out
,
otherwayes
he
will
proceed
against
them
as
Rebels
with
fire
and
sword
,
this
his
demand
being
grounded
on
Justice
,
Consanguinity
and
Religion
:
The
same
Edict
he
sends
to
Rostoch
three
miles
off
,
but
there
he
was
prevented
by
a
thousand
Imperial
horse
,
who
desiring
leave
to
passe
through
the
City
staid
there
,
and
seised
on
it
for
the
Duke
of
Fridland
,
and
furnished
it
with
all
kinde
of
provision
;
but
Francis
Charles
Duke
of
Lavenberg
,
having
raised
some
forces
about
Albis
,
took
in
Bousenburg
,
Winshem
and
other
places
for
the
Swede
;
but
the
sudden
comming
of
Remacrus
Colonel
of
a
thousand
Imperialists
,
made
him
retreat
to
Raceburg
,
where
being
denied
entrance
into
the
Castle
,
is
taken
prisoner
by
Count
Pappenheim
,
who
pursued
him
with
some
troops
.
Colberg
mean
while
,
a
Sea-port
in
Pomerania
,
is
besieged
by
the
Swedes
;
Torquatus
General
of
the
Caesarian
forces
in
those
parts
did
what
he
could
to
raise
the
siege
,
which
continued
all
that
bitter
Winter
till
the
end
of
February
,
during
which
time
there
was
great
execution
on
both
sides
,
but
at
last
the
King
took
it
by
Gustavus
Horn
,
and
put
to
flight
the
Imperialists
:
in
the
interim
the
Diocesse
of
Magdeburg
which
Christian
William
governour
thereof
had
recovered
,
is
again
invaded
by
the
Imperialists
,
who
with
their
multitudes
over-ran
many
places
thereabouts
,
and
at
length
laid
siege
to
Magdeburg
Metropolis
of
Saxony
;
thither
the
King
sent
Theodoricus
Falkenberg
to
assist
the
governour
;
all
the
provision
and
Arms
that
were
in
Alensleb
lately
taken
,
were
transported
to
Magdeburg
;
but
being
besieged
by
Pappenhem
,
he
is
forced
to
give
up
the
Town
,
who
with
his
souldiers
swear
never
to
bear
Arms
thenceforth
against
the
Emperor
.
The
ruine
of
this
City
was
presaged
by
the
fall
of
one
of
the
Towers
of
S.
Katharines
Church
,
and
shortly
after
,
Novem.
26.
by
the
overthrow
of
the
other
Tower
caused
by
a
violent
wind
;
about
the
same
time
the
Tower
of
S.
Iohns
Church
fell
,
and
with
its
weight
beat
down
the
roof
of
the
Church
;
the
same
ruine
befel
the
Churches
of
S.
Ann
,
Gertrudis
,
and
Sudenburg
;
the
arched
Gallery
or
Cloyster
from
the
Bishops
Palace
to
the
Cathedral
Church
fell
down
at
the
same
time
;
five
Wind-mils
,
and
six
Water-mils
were
overthrown
by
the
winds
,
besides
great
hurt
done
to
divers
houses
:
Thus
God
doth
use
to
shew
his
sword
before
he
strikes
,
that
he
may
excite
us
to
repentance
,
prepare
us
with
patience
,
or
make
us
inexcusable
if
we
slight
his
warnings
.
Germany
at
this
time
was
in
a
sad
condition
,
being
torn
in
peeces
by
so
many
Armies
.
About
the
end
of
this
year
,
the
King
of
Swede
had
twelve
thousand
horse
,
and
four
and
thirty
thousand
foot
,
his
Army
then
consisted
of
Germans
,
Swedes
,
Finlanders
,
besides
three
Troops
of
Laplanders
who
in
the
midst
of
Winter
came
to
him
in
skins
,
these
were
all
Archers
;
the
Emperors
Armies
were
far
more
numerous
,
but
lesser
disciplined
,
and
more
rapacious
.
George
Elector
of
Brandeburg
,
being
pressed
on
the
one
side
by
the
Emperor
,
on
the
other
by
the
King
who
married
his
sister
,
within
his
Provinces
molested
by
theeves
and
robbers
,
without
affrighted
with
the
Northern
guests
who
sought
to
quarter
with
him
;
to
save
his
Country
from
ruine
,
he
commands
his
subjects
to
be
in
Arms
,
and
to
seise
upon
all
high-way
men
,
though
in
souldiers
apparrel
.
On
Christmasse-day
the
same
year
,
the
King
takes
by
storm
Griffenhage
of
Pomerania
,
so
that
this
Country
is
now
cleared
from
the
Imperialists
,
who
were
all
killed
or
fled
,
and
forced
to
leave
their
plunderings
behinde
them
:
the
King
upon
this
giveth
solemne
thanks
to
God
at
Stetin
,
and
causeth
his
Army
in
their
camp
to
do
the
like
,
to
whom
he
prescribed
certain
forms
of
prayer
,
all
praising
God
for
this
former
years
successe
.
About
the
beginning
of
the
next
year
,
Lewis
13.
of
France
sends
Hercules
de
Charnace
Ambassador
,
to
take
up
the
difference
between
the
Kings
of
Poland
and
Swede
,
and
to
make
a
league
of
five
years
between
France
and
Swethland
,
for
defence
of
the
Ocean
and
Baltick-seas
,
for
restitution
of
the
afflicted
and
banished
Princes
of
Germany
,
and
for
demolishing
the
Forts
which
have
been
built
among
the
Grisons
since
the
beginning
of
this
German
War
;
for
this
end
the
Swede
shall
maintain
thirty
thousand
foot
,
and
six
thousand
horse
,
towards
the
charges
of
which
the
French
will
pay
him
yearly
forty
thousand
Imperials
;
that
levies
of
men
shall
be
permitted
in
either
Kingdome
,
and
that
the
Religion
in
Germany
shall
be
exercised
as
hitherto
it
was
by
the
Imperial
Edicts
;
King
Charles
also
of
Britain
sends
some
Forces
under
the
conduct
of
Marquesse
Hamilton
into
Pomerania
.
About
this
time
the
charge
of
the
Imperial
Army
is
taken
from
Albert
Duke
of
Fridland
,
because
the
Catholick
Princes
did
suspect
him
,
and
is
conferred
upon
Count
Tilly
,
who
is
made
Generalissimo
of
all
,
both
Caesarian
and
confederate
Armies
;
he
presently
views
the
Armies
,
reforms
the
Military
discipline
now
grown
loose
,
buyes
up
all
kinde
of
provision
,
and
furnisheth
such
places
as
he
found
weak
with
Men
and
Arms
:
the
King
sends
some
Regiments
to
Gustavus
Horne
for
taking
in
of
Landsberg
,
hee
marcheth
himself
with
sixteen
thousand
to
Demmin
,
and
in
his
way
takes
upon
surrender
New-Brandenburg
,
with
some
Castles
:
Treptovia
is
forsaken
by
the
Imperialists
:
Malchin
is
surrendred
to
the
Swedes
.
About
the
midst
of
February
,
Demmin
is
besieged
,
seated
in
the
confines
of
Merchlenberg
;
so
is
Colberg
in
Pomerania
,
and
Landsberg
in
Merchia
,
all
three
at
the
same
time
by
the
Kings
Forces
:
Demmin
not
being
able
to
hold
out
,
is
surrendred
by
the
Governour
with
the
Castle
,
where
was
good
store
of
ordnance
and
victuals
;
the
Governour
with
the
Garrison
is
permitted
to
march
whither
they
will.
About
the
end
of
February
,
Colberg
yeeldeth
,
the
Governour
with
nine
companies
of
foot
,
and
six
of
horse
,
have
leave
to
march
away
,
but
without
their
colours
,
to
Landsberg
;
in
Colberg
was
great
store
of
Ammunition
,
but
no
victuals
,
so
that
the
Garrison
was
forced
by
famine
to
yeeld
;
five
dayes
after
the
surrender
,
some
Forces
were
comming
with
provision
to
relieve
the
Towne
,
these
narrowly
escaped
from
being
taken
by
the
Swedes
:
Landsberg
held
out
the
siege
till
the
end
of
April
.
A
strange
thing
fell
out
at
Rostoch
;
for
one
Varmeier
a
Townsman
killed
Hatzfield
the
Governour
with
a
blow
of
an
axe
in
the
neck
,
affirming
he
was
induced
thereto
by
an
Angel
;
neither
would
he
acknowledge
any
fault
he
had
done
in
this
,
though
he
was
tortured
with
divers
torments
to
death
.
Count
Tilly
,
to
retaliate
these
losses
,
takes
New-Brandeburg
by
storm
,
and
puts
the
Garrison
to
the
sword
;
he
takes
Kniphus
the
Governour
with
his
wife
and
daughters
prisoners
;
in
the
very
Church
was
the
Consul
with
the
Townsmen
murthered
,
nine
Colours
were
taken
,
the
Town
exposed
to
plunder
,
and
then
forsaken
;
he
lost
in
this
siege
and
storm
about
two
thousand
of
his
men
:
thence
Tilly
returnes
to
Magdeburg
,
because
hee
could
not
set
upon
the
King
being
intrenched
;
in
his
march
he
lost
some
of
his
men
by
the
Swedish
horse
,
which
took
Liebenwald
and
New-Brandeburg
disarmed
by
the
Tillians
;
the
Magdeburgers
in
Tillys
absence
had
made
some
excursions
,
and
furnished
their
City
with
Arms
and
Victuals
;
but
when
he
returned
about
the
end
of
March
,
they
were
quickly
driven
out
of
their
works
which
they
had
made
without
the
Town
,
therefore
finding
they
were
not
strong
enough
to
oppose
Tilly's
forces
,
they
set
fire
on
Sudenburg
,
and
the
new
City
,
which
were
their
Suburbs
;
mean
while
the
Swedish
King
besiegeth
Francofurt
upon
the
river
Viadrus
whose
Suburbs
also
the
Garrison
burned
down
,
but
the
King
unexpectedly
taketh
the
City
by
force
upon
Palmsunday
,
where
he
found
much
provision
and
wealth
,
two
thousand
Imperialists
were
here
killed
,
and
eight
hundred
taken
prisoners
,
Scaumburg
,
Tieffenbach
,
and
Monticaculas
the
chief
Commanders
,
with
the
common
souldiers
fled
;
the
City
was
so
miserably
plundered
,
that
the
enemy
was
sorry
to
see
it
,
who
with
much
ado
made
the
souldiers
give
off
;
seventeen
dayes
after
,
Landsberg
is
surrendred
to
the
King
,
five
and
twenty
companies
of
foot
,
and
twelve
of
horse
,
went
out
with
their
colours
flying
:
Silesia
is
now
laid
open
to
the
Swedish
souldiery
;
Old-Brandeburg
about
the
end
of
April
is
forsaken
by
the
Tillians
,
the
Elector
of
Brandeburg
is
summoned
by
the
King
to
deliver
up
the
two
chief
holds
of
his
Electorate
Gustrinum
and
Spandavia
to
the
Swede
,
who
promiseth
to
restore
them
as
soon
as
he
shall
raise
the
siege
from
Magdeburg
;
to
this
the
Elector
would
not
assent
till
he
saw
Berlinum
besieged
,
and
then
he
was
content
to
give
up
Spandavia
,
where
the
Garrison
took
the
oath
of
Allegiance
to
both
Princes
;
the
Elector
of
Saxony
Iohn
George
is
desired
by
the
King
to
let
him
have
free
passage
through
his
Country
,
and
to
joyn
his
forces
with
him
in
raising
the
siege
from
Magdeburg
;
the
Elector
would
yeeld
to
neith
demand
,
fearing
to
make
his
Country
the
seat
of
warre
,
which
hitherto
had
been
quiet
,
nor
did
he
think
it
either
safe
or
warrantable
to
maintain
the
Magdeburgers
against
the
Emperor
,
though
they
complained
of
the
wrongs
offered
them
by
Caesar
,
notwithstanding
they
shewed
all
obedience
to
him
;
therefore
now
they
were
in
hope
to
be
assisted
by
their
own
Prince
,
and
the
Swedish
victorious
Army
,
but
their
security
deceived
them
,
for
whilst
the
King
was
doubting
whether
he
might
safely
relieve
the
Magdeburgers
or
not
,
Count
Pappenhem
comes
with
more
forces
to
the
siege
;
if
the
Town
had
foreseen
this
,
they
would
have
strengthened
their
Garrison
with
more
men
,
for
now
they
had
not
above
two
thousand
foot
that
were
sound
,
and
two
hundred
and
fifty
horse
,
yet
they
made
divers
sallies
out
of
the
Town
,
even
three
in
one
day
,
to
the
losse
of
the
besiegers
:
Tilly
summons
them
to
surrender
,
or
else
they
should
look
for
no
mercy
;
their
answer
was
that
they
would
submit
if
so
be
they
could
have
liberty
to
send
to
the
Electors
and
confederate
Cities
for
their
advice
herein
;
mean
while
the
Imperialists
draw
nearer
with
their
works
to
the
City
,
and
prepare
to
storm
;
at
the
first
the
Townsmen
and
Garrison
stoutly
beat
them
off
,
but
their
power
failing
them
,
they
could
make
no
use
of
their
great
Guns
:
the
Caesarians
on
the
tenth
of
May
,
the
fatal
day
of
that
City
,
perceiving
the
works
towards
the
new
Town
,
low
,
and
the
watch
asleep
,
who
did
not
think
the
enemy
would
have
stormed
so
great
a
Town
,
that
day
being
already
past
seven
of
the
clock
,
resolve
to
fall
first
on
there
;
then
was
the
Bishop
with
Falkenberg
and
the
Senate
in
the
Councel-house
,
conferring
about
sending
of
a
Trumpeter
to
Tilly
,
who
proffered
to
save
the
Town
,
and
procure
their
pardon
,
if
they
would
deliver
up
their
Bishop
and
Ministers
to
him
,
and
receive
thirty
Roman
Catholick
Doctors
,
pay
a
hundred
thousand
Dollers
,
and
admit
a
garrison
;
but
this
was
rejected
,
whereupon
Pappenhem
with
his
forces
falls
upon
that
part
of
the
works
which
was
weakest
;
his
word
was
Iesus
Maria
,
their
mark
or
badge
,
a
white-ribban
about
the
arm
;
in
the
very
first
encounter
,
Falkenberg
who
came
to
make
good
that
place
which
Pappenhem
had
assaulted
,
was
slain
,
and
so
that
part
of
the
City
is
lost
;
the
Garrison
and
Townsmen
fought
stoutly
so
long
as
they
were
able
,
till
the
Caesarians
to
quiet
them
set
the
City
on
fire
,
which
proved
as
prejudicial
to
the
besiegers
,
who
thereby
lost
their
plunder
,
as
to
the
Townsmen
who
lost
their
habitations
;
for
the
fire
was
so
violent
by
reason
of
the
wind
,
that
this
great
and
stately
City
was
in
the
space
of
four
and
twenty
hours
burnt
down
to
the
ground
,
in
which
six
Parish
Churches
were
consumed
in
the
same
fire
,
all
the
Churches
,
streets
and
high-wayes
were
covered
with
dead
bodies
,
in
the
Cathedral
of
S.
Catherine
were
found
three
and
fifty
murthered
,
the
Governour
being
wounded
in
his
head
and
thigh
is
carried
away
prisoner
,
with
most
of
the
chief
men
and
Ministers
;
the
barbarous
souldier
spares
neither
sex
nor
age
,
abusing
even
young
girles
to
death
;
yet
the
High-church
,
and
the
Monastery
of
S.
Mary
were
saved
from
the
fire
,
and
so
were
139.
houses
,
but
all
the
inhabitants
were
either
slain
or
taken
,
the
number
of
the
slain
is
not
certain
,
but
it
is
reported
that
two
and
twenty
thousand
were
flung
into
the
river
Albis
which
flows
by
the
City
;
six
hundred
Townsmen
were
chained
,
though
they
were
able
to
ransome
themselves
;
some
made
an
escape
by
a
sudden
fire
in
the
enemies
camp
,
a
great
many
being
stript
of
all
were
forced
to
beg
,
most
of
the
Ministers
were
preserved
and
provided
for
by
their
Fellow-protestants
;
the
destruction
of
this
City
(
which
had
now
stood
,
and
been
a
Metropolitan
about
seven
hundred
years
since
Otho
the
first
,
who
fenced
,
adorned
,
and
honoured
it
with
this
dignity
)
was
presaged
by
a
Throne
set
in
Cassiopaea
,
by
sounds
in
the
air
like
the
discharging
of
Ordnance
,
by
strange
obscurity
in
the
air
,
by
the
fall
of
divers
Towers
,
and
by
a
monstrous
birth
which
was
taken
out
of
the
dead
mother
,
the
childs
head
was
covered
with
a
peece
of
flesh
like
a
helmet
which
could
be
easily
taken
off
,
he
was
cloathed
with
a
skin
like
a
souldiers
jacquet
,
with
round
kernels
like
bullets
in
it
,
he
had
also
boots
on
his
legs
:
God
by
this
would
let
us
see
,
that
as
the
birth
of
this
Monster
was
the
death
of
the
mother
,
so
that
Town
or
Country
which
breeds
armed
souldiers
within
them
,
are
at
last
destroyed
by
them
.
CHAP.
X.
The
prosecution
of
the
Swedish
History
under
Gustavus
,
from
1631.
till
the
midst
of
1633.
THe
same
day
that
Magdeburg
was
buried
in
her
own
ashes
,
the
Caesarians
burnt
down
the
bridge
of
Dessavia
,
with
the
Fort
joyning
to
it
,
to
hinder
the
Swedes
passage
that
way
,
who
were
much
perplexed
for
the
estate
of
that
City
which
they
neglected
to
relieve
,
the
King
being
busie
upon
a
Treaty
with
the
two
Electors
of
Saxony
and
Brandenburg
,
whose
confederacie
he
desired
;
a
great
part
of
his
Army
took
up
their
quarters
about
Crosna
and
Glogove
in
Silesia
:
Gustavus
Horn
was
raising
new
forces
in
Marchia
,
therefore
Spandavia
is
again
demanded
by
the
King
,
Custrinum
is
delivered
up
to
him
;
upon
Marchia
is
laid
a
monthly
taxe
of
thirty
Dollers
towards
the
charges
of
the
war.
In
Iune
news
was
brought
to
the
King
that
Ghryphiswald
which
he
meant
to
take
in
,
was
already
subdued
by
the
Swedish
horse
who
were
riding
up
and
down
the
Country
,
about
the
Town
,
for
fodder
:
Perusius
the
governour
,
Knight
of
the
Golden-fleece
,
hearing
some
Musquets
shot
off
,
runs
out
to
know
what
the
matter
was
,
and
was
suddenly
killed
with
a
Musquet
bullet
,
not
thinking
he
had
been
so
near
the
enemy
;
upon
this
the
Town
is
presently
besieged
by
the
Swedes
,
who
send
a
summons
to
the
Townsmen
and
Garrison
to
surrender
;
the
Souldiers
within
,
though
they
had
lost
their
Captain
,
yet
venture
to
sally
out
upon
the
enemy
,
but
are
beat
back
again
into
the
Town
,
who
despairing
of
any
succour
,
resolve
to
preserve
themselves
;
therefore
Iune
16.
they
deliver
up
the
Town
to
the
Swedes
,
who
found
in
it
great
store
of
military
provision
.
So
now
the
Imperialists
are
quite
driven
out
of
Pomerania
.
This
Country
being
now
secured
,
the
Swedes
march
into
Marchia
,
where
they
seise
upon
Werbena
,
a
place
fit
for
their
encamping
,
and
for
all
sorts
of
provision
.
The
Imperialists
under
Gotzius
invade
the
Town
Cotbus
in
the
dark
which
they
take
and
plunder
.
Tilly's
Army
quarters
at
Mansfield
,
and
plunders
the
neighbour
country
of
Thuringia
.
The
Elector
of
Saxony
cals
a
Diet
at
Lipsick
,
of
both
the
Saxonies
,
Marchia
,
Hassia
,
Franconia
,
&
Suevia
,
wherein
was
proposed
,
what
was
the
best
and
next
expedient
for
restoring
peace
into
Germany
:
There
were
present
the
Legats
of
the
two
Dukes
of
Megapolis
,
Adolphus
Frederick
,
and
Iohn
Albertus
,
whom
Caesar
had
driven
out
of
their
ancient
possessions
;
these
raised
an
Army
,
and
being
assisted
by
the
Swedes
,
resolve
to
retake
their
possessions
again
.
Albert
took
in
Severin
,
Adolphus
Frederick
Butzovium
a
Bishops
seat
being
forsaken
by
the
Wallenstenians
who
as
they
were
going
to
Rostoch
with
their
booty
,
were
stript
of
all
.
The
King
himself
did
accompany
the
two
Dukes
his
kinsmen
,
in
great
state
to
Gustrovia
,
where
he
gave
them
possession
of
their
ancient
inheritance
:
thence
he
marcheth
to
Magdenberg
,
and
by
the
way
seiseth
on
Tangermund
;
then
he
pitches
his
Camp
neer
Werben
,
and
gives
charge
to
some
Commanders
to
take
in
Haverberg
,
and
resolves
to
be
revenged
for
the
losse
of
Magdenberg
,
with
all
the
strength
he
hath
;
in
the
mean
time
,
Queen
Maria
Elenor
arrives
at
Wolgast
with
some
young
souldiers
out
of
Swethland
;
Marquesse
Hambleton
,
and
Alexander
Lesly
bring
eight
hundred
Scots
and
English
into
Pomerania
.
At
Lipsick
it
is
ordered
that
the
Imperial
Army
,
which
made
but
a
prey
of
Germany
,
should
not
be
admitted
within
any
of
their
Towns
,
Castles
,
or
Towers
;
and
withall
,
they
resolve
not
to
part
with
any
of
the
Church-lands
now
in
possession
of
the
Evangelical
Princes
,
because
the
Pope
claimed
them
not
by
way
of
justce
and
law
,
but
by
violence
and
the
sword
;
besides
,
it
was
a
businesse
to
be
decided
in
a
full
Diet
of
Princes
,
and
not
by
the
Emperour
alone
;
therefore
,
William
Lantgrave
of
Hassia
raiseth
an
forces
for
the
defence
of
his
borders
:
to
hinder
this
levy
,
Tilly
hastneth
to
Erford
,
which
he
so
affrighted
,
that
the
town
presently
openeth
the
gates
to
him
;
then
he
draws
neerer
to
the
borders
of
Cattie
to
hinder
the
raising
of
the
Hassians
;
but
Pappenhem
,
who
did
yet
remain
about
Magdeburg
,
got
him
to
divert
his
army
elsewhere
,
for
the
King
had
marched
over
old
Marchia
,
where
he
took
divers
Towns
,
and
was
come
to
Wolmarstad
to
seise
upon
the
strengths
of
Magdenburg
,
but
that
he
was
kept
off
by
a
greater
power
.
Tilly
perceiving
there
was
no
other
way
but
with
his
whole
Army
to
fall
upon
the
King
,
sends
a
part
of
his
Horse
before
,
he
follows
after
with
the
body
of
his
Army
;
Gustavus
having
intelligence
of
his
march
,
and
not
being
able
to
encounter
with
so
vast
an
Army
,
intends
to
weaken
some
part
of
it
;
therefore
he
sends
Rheingravius
,
with
some
other
Cornets
of
Horse
,
who
fell
upon
and
discomfited
three
Imperial
regiments
,
and
return
with
rich
booty
;
but
Charls
Ludovick
the
Palatine
,
who
in
this
war
served
under
the
King
,
was
shot
,
to
the
said
Kings
great
grief
.
Tilly
,
to
recover
his
losse
,
began
to
draw
neer
the
Swedish
Camp
,
but
could
not
draw
the
King
to
fight
;
yet
for
three
dayes
together
there
was
discharging
of
Ordinance
,
and
divers
sharp
velitations
:
at
last
,
Tilly
recedes
with
some
losse
.
In
Mansfield
,
Eggo
Furstenbergius
with
his
Italian
forces
joyns
himself
to
Tilly
:
he
compels
Suevia
,
and
Franconia
,
to
renounce
the
League
of
Lipsic
,
and
to
pay
tribute
to
the
Emperour
.
The
Swedish
Kings
army
is
increased
by
the
addition
of
these
forces
under
Horn
and
Tottus
:
He
gives
two
regiments
to
William
the
Lantgrave
for
Hassia
,
which
was
courted
by
the
Imperialists
to
side
with
them
.
But
to
my
purpose
:
at
Franckfort
on
the
Main
an
assembly
was
held
of
both
parties
for
an
accommodation
,
which
proved
fruitlesse
.
Tilly
to
incourage
his
drooping
souldiers
,
fals
upon
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
whose
assistance
he
demands
,
and
requires
also
an
abolition
of
the
decrees
of
Lipsick
;
this
being
denied
by
the
Duke
,
Tilly
fals
upon
Meresburg
,
sets
Frebrug
on
fire
,
and
plunders
Mistnia
far
and
neer
,
to
the
undoing
of
the
inhabitants
.
The
Elector
accuseth
Tilly
for
these
wrongs
;
shewing
how
he
had
violated
the
Imperial
Laws
:
he
commemorates
also
his
good
services
to
the
Emperour
,
and
manifest
that
he
hath
been
faithfull
to
him
hitherto
in
every
thing
that
belonged
to
him
as
Emperor
,
who
therefore
ought
not
to
do
any
thing
contrary
to
justice
and
his
oath
,
which
if
he
doe
,
he
shall
not
escape
the
hand
of
a
revenging
God
;
but
when
the
Duke
saw
that
this
way
he
could
not
prevaile
,
he
makes
a
firm
league
with
the
King
of
Sweden
,
and
lets
him
enter
his
provinces
;
he
openeth
the
gates
Witteberg
for
him
about
the
beginning
of
September
:
The
Elector
of
Brandeberg
having
his
Country
exhausted
with
●…ributions
and
plunders
,
promiseth
to
aid
him
with
all
the
provision
and
money
he
can
raise
;
in
this
interim
Tilly
loses
no
time
,
but
encompasses
Lipsick
wasting
all
the
Country
about
it
,
and
summons
the
City
to
open
the
gates
to
him
;
which
returned
answer
,
they
could
not
without
the
consent
of
their
Prince
;
whereupon
Tilly
prepares
to
storm
,
the
Townsmen
burn
down
their
Suburbs
,
and
make
all
things
ready
for
defence
:
but
the
fresh
example
of
Magdeburgs
destruction
,
which
was
threatned
to
Lipsick
,
so
terrified
them
,
that
they
yeelded
;
the
publique
Faith
is
given
to
preserve
Religion
and
the
Common
wealth
;
new
garrisons
are
put
in
the
City
and
Castle
,
the
Electoral
garrison
is
discharged
:
But
Fortune
which
hitherto
fawned
upon
Tilly
,
begins
now
to
frown
,
for
the
Saxon
perceiving
that
he
had
lost
a
great
part
of
his
jurisdiction
,
held
it
needfull
for
him
to
fight
;
for
he
thought
with
himself
that
if
Saxony
,
Thuringia
,
and
Misnia
should
maintain
three
Armies
all
the
Winter
,
they
should
be
undone
;
he
knew
his
cause
was
just
,
and
resolves
to
rely
on
Gods
Providence
.
But
the
King
thought
it
not
safe
to
hazard
upon
one
battel
two
electorats
,
nor
to
venture
the
new
and
raw
souldiers
of
Saxony
against
the
old
and
beaten
Imperial
Troops
;
therefore
held
it
better
to
procrastinate
:
yet
at
last
,
being
overcome
by
the
Dukes
importunity
,
prepares
to
fight
,
and
first
having
solemnly
called
upon
God
in
his
prayer
,
he
exhorts
his
Souldiers
to
piety
and
fortitude
;
his
word
was
(
God
with
us
)
his
bage
or
mark
,
a
green
bough
fastned
in
their
Helmets
;
he
undertakes
the
leading
of
the
right
wing
himself
,
the
charge
of
left
,
he
commit
to
the
Duke
;
neer
Podelvitza
a
Village
,
foure
miles
from
Lipsick
,
is
the
place
designed
for
the
Battle
;
the
Imperialists
took
the
advantage
of
the
ground
,
sun
and
wind
,
which
the
Sweds
by
degrees
gained
of
them
by
wheeling
about
;
the
King
mingled
his
Horse
and
Musketiers
so
,
that
they
galled
the
Cesarians
and
beat
them
off
.
The
Swedish
left
Wing
,
consisting
most
of
the
new
levied
forces
of
Saxony
,
began
to
give
ground
,
and
to
put
Tilly
in
hope
of
victory
;
but
they
were
opportunely
aided
by
Horns
foot
,
which
lay
in
ambush
in
a
little
wood
,
that
upon
the
encouragement
of
A●…ruheim
the
fight
is
reneued
,
and
the
Cesarian
horse
put
to
flight
,
so
that
in
a
short
time
,
the
whole
Army
was
rooted
:
the
night
comming
on
,
and
the
ayre
being
obscured
with
dust
,
and
the
smoak
of
powder
,
made
the
king
forbear
pursuing
of
the
enemy
,
fearing
least
there
might
be
some
treachery
or
ambush
,
therefore
resolves
the
next
day
to
fight
again
;
but
when
the
morning
came
,
they
found
the
enemy
was
totally
defeated
,
by
his
Ordinance
,
bag
,
and
baggage
left
behinde
,
there
were
found
about
fifteen
thousand
slain
body's
;
Tilly
himself
was
wounded
,
both
Armies
were
almost
equall
in
number
,
in
all
sixty
thousand
;
the
most
of
Tilly's
force
were
old
souldiers
.
This
victory
was
presaged
by
a
white-Dove
that
lighted
upon
one
of
the
Saxon
colours
:
some
report
that
before
the
fight
,
water
was
turned
into
blood
at
Hall
and
Merseburg
;
above
one
hundred
Imperial
Colours
were
taken
;
Tilly
shot
with
a
Bullet
,
which
onely
bruised
his
skin
,
but
could
not
peirce
it
,
being
made
impenitrable
,
as
the
Chyrurgion
thought
,
by
diabolical
art
;
he
escaped
,
not
without
great
pain
of
his
bruise
,
to
Hamelia
.
The
King
seised
presently
after
this
upon
divers
towns
,
and
the
Duke
upon
Lipsick
,
who
gave
publique
thanks
to
God
for
recovering
so
soon
again
his
lost
territories
:
then
it
was
agreed
,
that
the
King
should
march
into
upper
Germany
,
the
Duke
into
Silesia
and
Bohemia
.
The
King
in
his
march
takes
in
divers
Towns
and
Castles
,
as
Sueinfurt
,
Herbipolis
,
forsaken
by
the
Bishop
,
with
the
Tower
well
furnished
with
all
things
;
the
garrison
were
all
killed
for
resisting
so
long
,
but
the
women
by
the
Kings
Proclamation
were
preserved
both
from
death
and
abuse
:
the
Bishop
of
Bamberg
out
off
fear
,
shakes
of
his
catholique
confederacy
,
and
bindes
himself
by
oath
to
the
King
,
and
to
keep
off
plundring
pays
a
great
summe
of
money
;
divers
other
places
also
were
taken
by
the
Swedes
and
Hassians
,
most
towns
of
Francony
sware
allegiance
to
the
King
,
who
permitted
to
the
subjects
liberty
of
Conscience
.
In
November
also
Hanovia
is
taken
in
for
the
King
by
Christopher
Haubaldus
.
The
Cesarian
forces
of
lowerSaxony
are
much
dejected
upon
the
report
of
the
Lipsick
victory
;
Rostoch
is
delivered
up
to
the
Megapolitans
;
here
were
five
hundred
horse
,
and
fourteen
foot
companies
,
which
made
their
peace
,
and
marched
away
:
Wismaria
held
out
a
while
,
and
made
some
sallies
upon
the
Swedes
;
but
at
last
,
on
St.
Thomas
day
,
Gramminus
the
governour
was
forced
to
surrender
,
who
marched
out
with
three
thousand
souldiers
towards
Gryphiswald
,
divers
of
which
swear
allegiance
to
the
Swede
.
The
Imperialists
every
where
take
their
flight
,
supposing
Tilly
had
been
dead
of
his
wounds
,
of
whom
there
was
no
news
a
long
time
;
at
length
it
is
reported
,
that
he
was
recovered
,
and
had
raised
a
new
Army
.
At
Rottenberg
another
battel
is
fought
,
in
which
the
Imperialists
are
again
worsted
;
hereupon
divers
other
towns
submit
to
the
Swedes
;
even
Frankfort
,
famous
for
its
Mart
,
and
the
Emperours
Inauguration
,
opened
her
gates
for
the
Swedish
Army
to
passe
.
Upon
the
uniting
of
the
Hassian
forces
,
divers
other
places
surrender
,
the
Bishops
of
Mentz
and
Worms
,
with
Anshelm
,
Casimire
,
retire
to
Colen
.
About
the
7
of
December
the
King
sends
his
army
over
the
Rhene
;
five
hundred
of
the
first
that
got
over
,
set
upon
fourteen
troops
of
Spanish
horse
and
chased
them
,
which
made
the
King
thank
God
for
the
danger
his
men
had
escaped
:
Having
passed
the
Rhene
,
he
takes
in
Oppenhem
;
Stenie
is
forsook
by
the
Spaniards
,
and
Worms
by
the
Lorrenois
.
Mentz
after
a
fierce
storm
for
divers
dayes
is
surrendred
to
the
King
,
with
the
Tower
and
Fortifications
;
December
23.
where
he
kept
his
Christmasse
with
great
solemnity
,
and
heard
a
Sermon
in
the
Castle-Church
:
many
other
towns
also
shortly
after
the
surrender
of
Mentz
,
submitted
to
the
King
,
whose
victorious
Army
over-run
almost
all
Germany
from
the
Baltick
Sea
to
Mentz
in
one
year
;
in
which
also
fell
out
a
great
Earthquake
in
the
kingdome
of
Naples
,
the
eruption
of
Vesuvius
,
flinging
great
stones
twenty
miles
off
,
and
the
ruine
of
the
towers
on
the
Jesuits
Church
in
Vienna
by
the
wind
,
even
in
the
Emperours
presence
.
The
next
year
,
Ambassadours
are
sent
to
the
Swedish
king
;
from
France
,
England
,
and
Ragotzius
the
new
Prince
of
Transilvania
;
the
French
Embassie
was
for
a
truce
between
the
Swede
and
Maximilian
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
with
the
Catholick
confederats
;
which
was
granted
;
for
these
made
shew
,
as
if
they
meant
to
stand
neuters
;
but
Pope
Urban
was
against
this
neutrality
,
therefore
he
raiseth
great
sums
of
money
upon
the
Clergy
of
Italy
,
which
he
sent
to
the
Emperour
,
and
makes
a
league
between
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
and
the
German
Prelats
.
What
the
English
Embassie
was
,
we
know
not
;
but
shortly
after
Frederick
the
fifth
,
Palsgrave
,
was
furnished
with
Gold
out
of
England
,
and
Souldiers
out
of
Holland
for
the
recovering
of
his
Patrimony
;
for
which
end
,
he
joyns
himself
with
Gustavus
.
Ragotzius
had
discovered
a
plot
intended
against
him
by
the
Cesarians
,
which
made
him
fall
off
and
to
seek
occasion
of
excursion
upon
Hungary
and
Silesia
,
if
he
could
have
found
any
aide
from
the
confederate
Protestants
.
In
Bohemia
,
the
Saxon
Army
under
Aruhem
takes
Prague
and
divers
other
Towns
thereabout
;
the
Elector
himself
repaires
thither
and
sets
up
again
the
Protestant
religion
;
the
heads
of
those
which
were
set
upon
the
bridge
at
Prague
,
he
caused
to
be
taken
down
,
and
decently
buried
;
the
banished
Bohemians
return
to
their
homes
again
,
and
great
joy
every
where
there
was
,
but
of
short
continuance
;
for
Albert
Wallensten
Duke
of
Fridland
,
whom
the
Emperour
had
laid
aside
upon
the
Petition
of
the
confederate
Catholiques
,
is
now
made
Generalissimo
,
and
suddenly
furnished
with
a
great
Army
;
Iacobus
Gallas
and
Count
Sultzen
joyn
their
forces
with
him
,
waste
and
plunder
all
the
Country
about
Prague
,
which
caused
great
dearth
and
scarcity
of
Victuals
:
so
sudden
a
fear
seised
on
Bohemia
and
Silesia
,
that
both
Countries
became
a
prey
to
the
Imperialists
,
who
could
not
for
the
Snow
doe
any
great
hurt
in
Misnia
:
the
cold
winter
could
not
refrigerate
the
souldiers
courage
;
the
Swedish
forces
brak
in
upon
Alsatia
;
the
Caesarians
plunder
the
country
about
Strasburg
,
whom
a
party
of
Horse
from
the
City
defeated
and
plundered
;
the
fear
of
the
conquerour
over-ran
the
Dukedome
of
Wirtenberg
,
and
the
Marquisat
of
Bada
:
the
Imperialists
are
killed
and
chased
every
where
;
Frankindal
in
the
Lower
Palatinate
is
besieged
,
and
sundry
other
places
are
taken
by
the
Swedes
.
In
lower
Saxony
,
the
people
rise
against
the
Romanists
.
Iohn
Frederick
storming
that
he
should
have
the
title
of
Archbishop
of
Breme
,
and
all
the
revenews
of
his
Diocesse
to
be
taken
from
him
by
the
Caesarians
,
raiseth
some
forces
,
fals
upon
Verda
and
Burg
which
he
took
,
and
shortly
after
he
lost
,
and
again
recovered
them
;
so
miserably
were
those
places
tossed
to
and
fro
,
like
tennisbals
.
Pappenhem
also
raiseth
new
forces
,
and
takes
in
divers
places
.
The
ruines
of
Magdeburg
are
left
to
the
Swedes
,
who
place
a
garrison
there
:
many
parts
of
Germany
are
laid
waste
by
the
rapacious
souldiers
on
both
sides
,
many
towns
taken
and
retaken
;
A
peace
in
the
mean
while
is
in
agitation
at
Torgave
,
but
to
no
purpose
:
the
Duke
of
Saxonies
daughter
is
betrothed
to
Christianus
5.
Prince
of
Denmark
;
her
eldest
sister
was
married
to
the
Lantgrave
of
Hessen
;
and
Mary
the
second
,
to
the
Duke
of
Holsatia
:
Ulricus
brother
to
this
Christianus
the
second
,
conducted
a
regiment
to
the
assistance
of
the
Electoral
provinces
.
Tilly
is
now
again
recruited
,
and
marcheth
towards
Bavaria
.
Noriberg
had
received
within
their
gates
five
troopes
of
Protestants
,
Ulm
also
joyns
with
the
Swede
:
at
Ausburg
Tilly
is
furnished
with
Ammunition
,
Victuals
and
Money
,
by
which
he
is
made
able
to
rage
with
fire
and
sword
upon
Northgavia
,
and
the
higher
Palatinate
.
Horn
takes
Bamburg
,
the
Bishop
escapes
to
Bavaria
,
thither
Tilly
marcheth
:
whereupon
Horn
withdraws
his
forces
in
the
night
,
but
not
without
some
losse
to
the
Tillians
,
and
marcheth
to
Sueinfuri
;
whither
also
the
King
comes
with
his
whole
Army
,
and
is
royally
entertainted
at
Noriberg
:
His
comming
hither
made
Tilly
remove
back
to
the
upper
Palatinate
,
wasting
all
the
Countryes
and
Towns
through
which
he
marched
.
The
King
goeth
to
the
Danow
,
and
taketh
by
storm
Donaverd
;
Tilly
follows
him
at
the
heels
,
and
takes
the
strong
Tower
Raina
on
the
river
Lycus
,
over
which
the
King
makes
a
bridge
:
the
Tillians
took
possession
of
a
wood
hard
by
,
whence
they
discharged
their
great
Ordnance
on
the
Swedes
,
to
hinder
their
making
of
the
bridge
;
but
they
were
so
intrenched
,
that
they
did
more
hurt
then
received
,
for
in
letting
play
their
Cannon
against
the
wood
,
so
tore
the
Trees
,
that
the
boughs
and
splinters
of
them
spoiled
many
of
the
enemy
;
so
that
Tilly
received
a
hurt
in
the
thigh
,
and
Altringer
in
the
head
;
therefore
in
the
night
,
they
flie
to
Newburg
and
Ingoldstad
,
having
lost
one
thousand
men
.
The
King
having
finished
the
bridge
,
and
transported
his
Army
,
sent
a
party
to
take
possession
of
Newburg
,
forsaken
by
Maximilian
of
Bavaria
and
Tilly.
Then
summons
Auspurg
to
open
their
gates
,
where
were
eighteen
Companies
of
foot
,
and
two
of
horse
,
placed
there
by
Caesar
and
the
Bavarian
,
to
keep
under
the
Protestants
,
whom
they
had
disarmed
,
and
forced
to
leave
off
their
publike
exercises
;
the
Citizens
desire
the
King
to
propose
honourable
tearms
to
the
Garrison
,
otherwayes
it
was
not
in
their
power
to
force
them
,
nor
to
open
their
gates
to
him
;
four
dayes
after
,
Articles
being
concluded
between
the
King
and
the
Garrison
,
they
march
away
with
bag
and
baggage
,
with
their
Arms
and
Colours
flying
:
As
soon
as
the
King
had
entred
,
he
removes
all
the
Pontifician
Magistrates
,
and
commits
the
government
of
the
City
to
the
Protestants
,
having
taken
of
them
the
oath
of
allegiance
:
from
thence
he
marcheth
towards
Ingolstad
,
where
Tilly
lay
sick
,
and
by
the
way
takes
in
some
Towns
:
mean
while
the
Danes
and
Swedes
were
like
to
break
out
into
an
open
war
,
by
reason
of
some
insolencies
committed
by
some
Swedish
souldiers
in
Holsatia
,
as
well
upon
the
Kings
as
the
Dukes
subjects
;
but
the
Swedish
Commanders
making
it
appear
,
that
these
wrongs
were
offered
by
some
private
souldiers
without
the
knowledge
of
their
Captains
,
or
of
the
King
,
the
former
league
between
these
two
Crowns
was
renewed
by
their
Ambassadors
.
In
lower
Saxony
,
Tottus
the
Kings
Lieutenant
there
took
in
Buxtehud
,
and
intended
to
fall
upon
Stada
,
but
that
he
was
hindred
by
Pappenhem
,
who
with
his
flying
Army
over-runs
all
Saxony
and
Westphalia
,
with
the
Diocesse
of
Breme
,
wasting
all
with
fire
and
sword
,
who
having
received
some
opposition
and
losse
by
Tottus
,
returns
into
higher
Germany
:
Tottus
is
sent
for
by
the
King.
Arnheim
General
of
the
Electoral
Armies
in
higher
Germany
,
was
almost
intrapped
by
Wallensten
,
under
pretence
of
making
peace
;
for
he
had
recovered
Prague
about
the
beginning
of
May
,
whence
he
dismissed
the
garrison
with
their
swords
by
their
sides
,
being
two
and
twenty
companies
of
foot
,
and
two
troops
of
horse
,
they
marched
to
Leutmeritz
where
the
strength
of
the
Saxon
Army
lay
;
but
if
Arnheim
had
not
departed
the
sooner
thence
,
he
had
been
encompassed
by
Duke
Fridlands
Army
,
therefore
he
escapes
over
the
bridge
of
Leutmeritz
in
the
night
,
and
comes
to
Pirna
.
Whilst
these
doings
were
at
Albis
,
there
was
much
action
upon
the
Danow
between
the
Swedish
King
,
and
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
who
having
left
Tilly
at
Ingolstad
,
cunningly
encompasseth
Ratisbone
:
he
makes
shew
of
mustering
one
of
the
Garrison
troops
without
the
gate
;
but
whilst
the
Citizens
were
going
to
Church
,
that
Garrison
seised
on
the
gate
,
and
suddenly
nine
troops
of
horse
enter
the
Town
,
who
plundered
the
Townsmen
of
their
best
goods
and
money
:
the
Bavarian
afterward
made
this
his
chief
seat
;
in
the
interim
Count
Tilly
dieth
at
Ingolstad
of
the
wound
he
received
at
Lycus
:
the
King
begins
to
lay
siege
to
Ingolstad
,
but
as
he
was
viewing
of
the
works
,
his
white
horse
was
shot
under
him
;
Christopher
Durlacenus
,
a
Marquesse
,
was
killed
with
a
bullet
,
and
one
of
the
Kings
chief
Commanders
was
mortally
wounded
,
wherefore
the
Swedes
held
it
best
to
give
off
their
enterprise
,
so
they
march
from
thence
to
Monachium
,
the
Bavarians
chief
seat
,
which
with
some
other
Towns
submitted
to
the
Swede
;
in
Monachium
were
found
a
hundered
and
forty
brasse
Ordnance
,
and
other
great
Guns
,
in
one
of
which
were
hid
thirty
thousand
Crowns
;
the
Country
people
were
so
inraged
against
the
Swedes
,
that
they
cut
off
the
noses
and
ears
of
divers
straglers
,
and
killed
many
of
them
;
the
Boors
rise
in
great
numbers
and
kill
divers
garrisons
,
but
they
were
quickly
suppressed
by
the
souldiers
,
and
their
chief
incendiaries
put
to
death
:
but
when
the
King
understood
that
the
Ratisbonians
made
divers
excursions
,
and
had
taken
Weissenburg
,
he
leaves
Bavaria
,
and
returns
to
Donaverd
,
into
which
he
puts
a
strong
garrison
,
the
like
he
did
in
Ausburg
and
Raina
.
And
now
the
Imperialists
being
strong
,
all
Germany
is
in
a
flame
;
Ossa
the
Emperors
Lieutenant
rageth
with
fire
and
sword
through
Alsatia
,
some
Towns
he
burns
down
to
the
ground
;
Spire
is
taken
,
and
plundered
:
Oxenstern
at
Newstad
falls
upon
a
party
of
the
Caesarians
,
from
whom
he
took
three
colours
and
some
part
of
their
plunder
;
Duke
Fridland
having
taken
in
Egra
and
Ellenbog
,
prepares
to
unite
his
forces
with
the
Bavarians
;
Pappenhem
having
wasted
the
borders
of
Hassia
,
threatens
Thuringia
;
Strasburg
which
now
sided
with
the
Swede
,
sends
to
King
Gustavus
three
troops
of
horse
,
and
six
hundred
Musquetiers
:
the
Bavarian
having
left
a
garrison
in
Ratisbone
,
marcheth
with
an
hundred
thirty
four
Cornets
of
horse
,
and
eight
and
fifty
companies
of
foot
,
which
he
joyned
to
the
Walestine
forces
;
this
made
the
King
,
being
now
near
Noriberg
,
to
intrench
,
and
to
send
for
all
his
dispersed
forces
;
in
the
mean
time
Tupatelius
one
of
the
Swedish
Colonels
was
intercepted
by
the
Wallasten
forces
,
who
took
him
prisoner
,
and
cut
in
peeces
his
whole
Regiment
,
at
which
the
King
grieved
exceedingly
;
at
length
in
Iuly
,
upon
the
drawing
near
of
both
Armies
,
divers
skirmishes
and
light
encounters
were
made
,
neither
of
the
Commanders
being
willing
to
hazard
the
whole
Army
;
Fridland
endeavoured
to
keep
off
provision
from
the
Swedes
,
but
the
Swedish
Auxiliaries
who
were
comming
to
joyn
with
their
main
body
intercepted
the
Caesarian
provisions
.
About
the
end
of
Iuly
,
the
Caesarians
had
laid
up
great
store
of
corn
and
other
provision
in
Freistad
,
which
when
the
King
knew
by
a
Captain
whom
he
took
prisoner
,
he
sends
Tupatelius
lately
dismissed
by
Wallestine
with
some
Dragoons
thither
,
he
breaking
open
the
gates
with
petards
,
enters
the
town
in
the
night
,
burnt
all
the
corn
,
and
drove
away
the
cattel
;
the
King
comming
to
aid
Tupatelius
with
more
forces
,
makes
an
ambush
for
the
Caesarians
who
were
comming
to
revenge
their
losses
,
out
of
which
he
suddenly
sallies
,
and
put
the
enemy
to
flight
,
having
killed
divers
.
About
the
midst
of
August
,
the
King
of
Sweden
was
fifty
thousand
strong
,
so
that
they
dared
the
Caesarians
who
were
entrenched
;
after
the
Armies
had
thundered
three
dayes
together
with
their
ordnance
against
each
other
,
the
Wallestenians
began
to
march
away
;
the
King
therefore
August
24.
falls
upon
the
Imperialists
,
all
that
day
they
fought
till
the
night
parted
them
;
of
the
Imperialists
were
slain
a
thousand
,
of
the
Swedes
seven
hundred
:
Fridlands
own
horse
was
shot
under
him
:
at
last
about
the
eight
of
September
,
Gustavus
for
want
of
victuals
was
forced
to
rise
first
and
march
away
to
Newstad
;
at
Noriberg
were
left
three
hundred
horse
and
eight
Regiments
of
foot
:
Fridland
being
out
of
hope
to
recover
Noriberg
,
sets
fire
on
the
neighbouring
villages
,
and
marcheth
to
Forcheim
,
whose
rear
was
set
upon
by
the
garrison
of
Noriberg
.
Out
of
the
Diocesse
of
Trevers
issueth
a
new
Army
,
which
Ossa
and
Monticuculus
joyn
to
their
own
forces
,
with
these
they
waste
and
spoil
all
the
Country
about
,
but
they
were
resisted
by
Horne
,
who
pursues
them
into
upper
Alsatia
,
where
he
took
Benfeld
and
other
places
;
the
Duke
of
Saxonies
forces
had
been
sent
away
,
some
to
Silesia
,
others
to
the
Swedish
camp
:
hereupon
Holkius
one
of
the
Caesarian
commanders
,
with
8000.
resolute
men
,
falls
with
fire
and
sword
upon
Saxony
,
Misnia
and
Naristi
,
burning
and
plundring
as
far
as
Dresda
the
Dukes
seat
;
he
exacteth
great
sums
of
money
from
the
Town
of
Anneberg
,
and
puts
a
garrison
in
Zuiccavia
;
Walstein
divides
his
Army
,
and
sends
the
Bavarian
forces
into
Bavaria
,
Gallas
with
a
party
is
sent
into
Bohemia
,
and
Franconia
Walstein
retains
to
himself
;
Gallas
subdues
all
the
places
he
went
through
to
the
Emperor
,
and
wastes
Noricum
;
Walstein
takes
in
Columbac
and
Coburg
,
but
the
Castle
held
out
for
the
Duke
of
Saxony
:
the
King
also
divides
his
Army
,
a
part
whereof
he
sends
to
attend
the
motions
of
Fridland
:
Reina
was
delivered
up
to
the
Bavarians
by
Mutsefall
the
Swedish
governour
,
wherefore
by
the
Kings
command
he
loseth
his
head
,
and
the
Town
is
retaken
by
the
Swedes
in
October
;
Bernhard
of
Vinaria
falls
suddenly
on
the
Caesarian
Croats
,
defeats
them
,
and
takes
ten
colours
from
them
,
which
made
Fridland
change
his
resolution
,
who
thought
to
break
in
upon
Thuringia
;
the
King
cuts
off
the
Bavarian
Auxiliaries
that
were
going
to
relieve
Lausena
,
which
at
length
Kniphusius
took
for
the
Swede
:
in
Saxony
,
Gallas
and
Holk
waste
all
,
who
take
in
Freiberg
for
the
Emperor
,
the
Citizens
were
forced
to
pay
100000.
Dollers
to
keep
off
the
souldiers
from
plundering
;
and
the
Elector
redeemed
his
Chappel
and
Tombs
of
his
Ancestors
from
spoiling
for
eighty
thousand
Dollers
.
Arnhem
subdues
the
lower
Alsatia
for
the
Swedes
;
Fridland
doth
the
like
in
Saxony
for
the
Emperor
.
Lipsic
,
Octob.
22.
is
surrendred
to
Holk
,
the
Inhabitants
are
disarmed
and
pay
to
the
Emperor
50000.
Dollers
.
Voppelius
delivers
up
Pleissenburg
to
the
Caesarians
,
for
which
afterward
he
lost
his
head
.
Many
other
Towns
,
to
avoid
present
ruine
,
submitted
to
the
Imperial
yoke
in
Saxony
;
which
Pappenhem
also
threatens
with
fire
and
sword
,
being
now
returned
from
his
fruitlesse
expedition
to
Utricht
;
the
King
perceiving
that
his
confederate
Duke
of
Saxony
was
in
danger
to
lose
all
his
Country
,
makes
haste
to
relieve
it
before
the
two
Armies
of
Walstein
and
Pappenhem
were
conjoyned
.
The
fatal
battel
was
fought
at
Lutzen
the
6.
of
November
;
after
some
light
skirmishes
,
the
next
day
as
soon
as
the
Sunne
had
dispersed
the
clouds
,
the
King
having
called
upon
God
,
and
refusing
to
eat
any
thing
,
leads
out
his
Army
,
which
the
enemy
encounters
with
great
fury
;
the
heat
of
the
battel
was
about
ten
of
the
clock
;
the
left
wing
of
the
Caesarian
Army
began
to
give
ground
,
which
the
King
observing
,
presseth
on
them
the
more
eagerly
,
and
pursueth
them
so
far
in
their
flight
,
that
he
received
divers
wounds
,
of
which
he
died
immediately
the
eight
and
thirtieth
year
of
his
life
,
to
the
great
grief
of
his
Army
,
but
to
the
encouragement
of
the
Croats
,
who
wheeling
about
the
Kings
victorious
wing
,
fell
upon
the
Swedish
carriage
,
but
were
beat
back
with
losse
:
Bernehard
who
had
the
charge
of
the
left
wing
,
behaved
himself
so
bravely
,
that
he
put
the
enemy
to
flight
:
and
now
the
battel
seemed
to
be
at
an
end
;
but
Pappenhem
,
to
his
owne
ruine
,
makes
haste
from
Hall
,
rallies
again
the
disordered
and
running
Caesarian
Troops
,
with
whom
he
joyns
his
owne
forces
,
and
begins
a
more
furious
conflict
in
the
darke
,
then
that
which
was
fought
by
day-light
,
in
which
he
lost
his
life
honourably
;
the
fight
continued
till
eight
of
the
clock
,
and
then
the
Caesarians
gave
ground
,
retreating
to
Lipsic
,
they
left
behinde
them
some
part
of
their
Ordnance
and
baggage
;
about
nine
thousand
of
both
sides
were
killed
,
and
two
of
the
best
souldiers
of
their
time
,
King
Gustavus
and
Pappenhem
;
the
King
presaged
his
own
death
,
and
wished
his
friends
not
to
trust
in
him
,
whose
breath
was
in
his
nostrils
,
but
rather
in
Christ
Iesus
,
who
promised
he
would
be
with
his
Church
to
the
end
of
the
world
.
Duke
Fridland
the
next
day
after
the
battel
left
Lipsic
,
and
being
highly
displeased
that
some
of
his
officers
had
forsaken
their
colours
,
and
plundred
their
fellow-souldiers
,
he
afterward
at
Prague
condemned
them
to
death
by
a
Councel
of
war.
Holk
delivers
up
the
City-keyes
to
the
Senate
of
Lipsic
,
of
which
the
Saxons
,
Novem.
10.
took
possession
,
being
surrendred
to
them
.
The
Kings
Army
,
though
their
head
was
gone
,
yet
resolve
to
prosecute
the
work
,
they
take
Chemnitz
,
Pleissenburg
and
Zuiccavia
,
under
the
command
of
Bernhard
,
Kniphus
and
Horne
;
the
same
Horne
took
also
the
Imperial
City
Colmaria
,
which
had
been
taken
five
years
before
by
the
Imperialists
,
the
Protestant
Religion
is
there
set
up
again
,
and
their
liberties
confirmed
by
Articles
.
Haggenove
admits
a
Swedish
garrison
.
Frankendale
is
restored
Novem.
26.
to
the
Palsgrave
,
the
Spanish
garrison
is
thence
transported
to
Lucemberg
.
Frederick
the
Palsgrave
,
having
by
the
Swedish
aid
recovered
a
great
part
of
his
Patrimony
,
departeth
this
life
at
Mentz
,
November
19.
hee
left
tenne
Children
behinde
him
,
begot
of
the
Lady
Elizabeth
daughter
to
King
Iames
;
his
brother
Ludovic
Philip
,
who
had
also
lost
his
estate
undertakes
the
administration
of
the
Electorate
lands
:
Oxenstern
Chancellour
of
Swethland
,
is
made
Protector
of
that
Kingdome
,
and
of
Christiana
the
Kings
only
daughter
and
heir
,
being
now
seven
years
old
.
About
this
time
the
Diocesse
of
Colen
which
had
been
the
sanctuary
of
the
exiled
Prelates
,
is
now
much
molested
by
William
of
Nassaw
,
and
Henry
Baudis
,
who
took
divers
Towns
there
;
a
certain
souldier
being
a
prisoner
in
St.
Urbans
Church
,
sets
fire
to
some
barrels
of
Gunpowder
there
,
which
was
the
death
of
300.
persons
;
the
Duke
of
Luneburg
having
an
Army
of
16000.
falls
suddenly
upon
the
Imperialists
,
of
which
he
takes
400.
prisoners
,
the
rest
being
above
a
1000.
he
puts
to
flight
,
William
Landgrave
of
Hassia
defeats
the
Caesarians
that
were
comming
to
the
relief
of
the
Town
,
of
these
7000.
were
killed
,
the
rest
fled
,
and
Hamelia
at
length
is
taken
.
Horn
this
year
did
great
service
for
the
Crown
of
Swede
by
taking
in
divers
Towns
in
Germany
,
but
in
Alsatia
the
Boors
made
another
insurrection
,
in
which
divers
souldiers
were
killed
and
tortured
by
them
,
but
Rheingravius
suppressed
4000.
of
them
,
and
hanged
up
130.
At
Bibrac
were
seen
two
swords
in
the
Aire
,
the
one
was
bloody
,
and
the
other
fiery
;
so
the
year
before
in
Germany
,
the
Lakes
were
seen
all
bloody
;
in
their
bread
,
and
on
their
trees
blood
was
seen
;
a
two-headed
calfe
,
and
a
two-headed
childe
were
ingendered
in
March.
Raina
is
by
the
treachery
of
the
Townsmen
delivered
up
to
the
Bavarians
again
.
Horns
and
the
Vinarian
forces
being
joyned
make
up
28.
thousand
foot
,
and
12000.
horse
,
with
these
they
fall
upon
Bavaria
,
they
defeat
Iohn
de
Werds
horses
,
and
take
in
divers
Towns
;
mean
while
the
Caesarian
and
Bavarian
forces
do
joyn
near
Ratisbone
:
Fridland
with
a
great
Army
enters
Silesia
;
the
Polonian
forces
are
overthrown
by
the
Swedes
:
Ulricus
the
Danish
Prince
defeats
2000.
Caesarian
horse
,
and
takes
Braura
From
them
;
the
King
of
Denmark
,
and
the
new
elected
King
of
Poland
Uladislaus
4.
son
to
Sigismund
labour
much
for
a
general
peace
in
Christendome
;
fearing
lest
the
Turk
having
defeated
the
Persian
,
should
fall
upon
them
;
but
the
French
and
Protestant
party
in
Germany
would
not
hearken
to
any
till
the
liberty
of
Germany
should
be
restored
;
Oxenstern
is
made
President
of
the
Councel
of
war
:
the
French
renew
their
league
with
the
Swedish
party
.
Heidelberg
with
the
Castle
is
retaken
by
the
Protestants
.
In
Swethland
the
act
is
renewed
for
dis-inheriting
Sigismunds
heirs
from
that
Crown
,
and
the
Augustan
confession
is
again
confirmed
;
the
care
of
the
young
Queen
is
committed
to
the
chief
officers
of
that
Kingdome
,
and
the
war
against
the
Caesarians
is
continued
till
a
firm
peace
be
concluded
,
for
this
purpose
the
taxes
on
the
mills
and
houses
are
established
;
the
Kings
corps
is
sent
home
to
be
interred
in
his
Ancestors
tombe
.
CHAP.
XI
.
The
Savoyan
History
from
the
year
1504.
till
the
year
1580.
CHarles
the
third
,
the
ninth
Duke
of
Savoy
,
succeeded
to
his
brother
Philbert
,
he
was
son
to
Duke
Philip
the
second
:
the
first
year
of
his
government
Philip
Chabot
Admiral
of
France
,
who
stript
the
Duke
of
a
great
part
of
his
Dutchie
,
notwithstanding
he
had
the
help
of
the
Emperour
Charls
5.
the
cause
of
this
quarrel
proceeded
from
the
claime
which
Francis
laid
to
the
Dutchie
of
Savoy
by
his
mother
,
the
daughter
of
Margaret
of
Burbon
,
first
wife
to
Philip
,
father
of
this
Duke
Charls
;
to
his
said
mother
Francis
alledged
the
Dutchy
belonged
,
and
not
to
Charls
,
because
she
was
the
eldest
;
and
upon
the
Articles
of
marriage
between
Philip
their
father
,
and
the
friends
of
Margaret
,
it
was
agreed
,
that
without
difference
of
sex
,
the
children
of
their
bodies
should
succeed
.
Whereupon
,
for
ten
years
together
,
Ambassadours
were
sent
to
demand
that
Dutchy
,
which
Francis
said
belonged
to
him
in
right
of
his
mother
,
notwithstanding
the
woman
was
excluded
by
the
Salique
law
among
the
Savoyens
:
at
last
,
he
desired
so
much
of
it
as
lay
in
France
,
on
this
side
of
the
river
of
Rohan
,
being
given
to
his
grandmother
Margaret
of
Burbon
,
in
right
of
her
marriage
:
He
demands
also
Bressa
,
and
forty
years
arrears
,
amounting
to
180000
crowns
with
all
the
interest
;
besides
,
some
part
of
Piemont
as
belonging
to
Province
:
he
complains
likewise
that
Taurinum
and
other
towns
beyond
the
Po
,
were
annexed
to
the
Dutchy
of
Savoy
,
during
the
heat
of
this
war
,
and
after
the
death
of
Robert
king
of
Sicily
,
Count
of
Province
,
and
Prince
of
Piemont
;
besides
,
he
saith
,
that
the
county
of
Nice
,
and
Haven
of
Ville
Franc
,
did
alwaies
appertain
to
the
county
of
Province
,
but
now
by
the
treachery
of
the
inhabitants
,
under
the
power
of
Savoy
;
that
divers
places
also
of
the
Marquisat
of
Salusses
were
violently
taken
away
from
the
Dolphin
by
the
Savoyen
:
moreover
,
that
the
Duke
had
scornfully
rejected
the
badge
of
St.
Michael
,
sent
to
him
by
the
French
king
,
with
the
Captainship
of
100
Courizers
,
and
a
pension
of
twelve
thousand
crowns
;
and
lastly
,
that
in
hatred
of
the
French
D.
Charls
had
assisted
the
Spainard
and
Burgundian
,
and
had
alwaies
been
〈◊〉
league
with
the
Emperour
Charls
5.
and
at
that
time
too
when
he
was
unfortunately
taken
prisoner
by
him
,
at
the
battel
of
Papia
:
For
these
reasons
,
Savoy
is
made
a
prey
to
the
French
,
who
seise
upon
the
high
countries
thereof
;
to
the
Bernois
who
invade
the
low
and
fruitfullest
parts
;
and
to
Charls
the
Emperour
,
who
takes
possession
of
the
chief
Cities
.
Others
doe
give
these
reasons
,
why
Francis
was
so
offended
with
D.
Charles
.
1.
Because
he
pawned
his
Plate
to
assist
Charles
of
Burbon
,
then
a
Rebel
and
enemy
to
the
crown
of
France
.
2.
Because
he
preferred
the
counsels
of
his
wife
,
a
Lusitanian
,
and
sister
to
Charles
the
fifths
wife
,
before
Francis
his
uncle
.
3.
For
sending
gratulatory
letters
to
Caesar
,
after
his
victory
at
Papia
.
4.
For
endeavouring
to
break
off
the
league
between
France
and
Helvetia
.
5.
Because
he
received
the
city
of
Asta
,
the
French
patrimony
above
a
hundred
years
,
in
Italy
:
this
Caesar
gave
to
the
Duke
,
to
keep
out
the
French
from
ever
entring
again
into
Italy
.
6.
Because
he
would
not
part
with
the
city
Nicaea
,
a
Colony
of
the
Massilians
in
Province
,
which
the
French
had
pawned
to
him
for
a
sum
of
mony
,
though
the
mony
was
tendred
by
the
King
,
who
was
not
willing
to
part
with
that
●…wn
,
both
because
of
its
strength
,
harbour
,
and
situation
,
as
parting
Italy
from
France
.
7.
Because
upon
intreaty
he
would
not
give
way
that
the
Pope
should
give
the
French
king
a
meeting
there
.
8.
For
denying
passage
through
his
country
to
the
King
,
when
he
was
hastening
to
Millan
to
be
revenged
on
the
Duke
of
that
place
,
for
causing
his
Ambassador
to
be
put
to
death
.
For
these
causes
the
Duke
so
incensed
the
French
king
,
that
he
ruined
his
country
.
His
policie
had
been
better
(
say
some
)
to
have
held
in
with
France
,
both
by
reason
of
its
vicinity
,
of
its
power
,
and
also
of
the
neernesse
of
blood
between
the
King
and
Duke
,
then
to
hearken
so
much
to
the
Emperor
,
and
to
be
led
away
by
him
,
who
was
too
far
off
to
do
him
either
hurt
or
good
.
The
Switzers
also
,
upon
the
request
of
Geneva
,
threaten
war
against
Savoy
,
if
the
Duke
offer
to
trouble
that
city
,
which
was
in
league
with
them
.
Charles
having
sent
a
crabbed
answer
to
the
Switzers
,
and
perceiving
what
danger
he
was
in
,
sends
privately
to
Charles
the
Emperor
,
being
then
at
Panormum
after
his
victory
at
Tunis
,
for
aid
:
but
the
matter
was
not
carried
so
closely
,
as
to
conceale
it
from
the
French
king
,
who
was
the
more
enraged
against
D.
Charles
,
because
he
demanded
of
the
Emperor
some
places
in
Italy
,
promising
him
in
lieu
thereof
all
that
he
possessed
in
France
behind
the
Alps
,
with
the
city
of
Geneva
,
so
that
he
might
have
easie
accesse
to
the
confederate
countries
.
If
this
had
succeeded
,
France
had
been
undone
,
the
Emperor
having
an
entrance
made
for
him
:
but
the
King
a
while
took
no
notice
of
this
,
till
he
had
answer
from
the
Savoyan
to
his
demands
,
which
were
▪
That
he
might
have
a
free
passage
to
Millan
.
This
being
denied
,
he
claimed
the
Dutchy
of
Savoy
as
his
due
;
and
the
rather
,
because
he
could
not
trust
the
Duke
with
such
places
,
as
might
let
in
his
enemies
upon
him
when
he
pleased
.
Mean
while
,
because
the
King
suspected
he
should
receive
no
good
answer
from
the
Duke
,
he
makes
ready
a
strong
army
under
Philip
Chabotius
his
Admiral
;
he
first
seised
on
the
trans-alpin
towns
,
then
having
passed
the
Alps
he
takes
in
some
of
the
sub-alpin
places
.
But
the
French
victories
had
a
check
given
them
by
the
Millanois
,
who
staid
his
progresse
,
otherwise
Vercelliz
and
a
great
part
of
the
subalpin
territories
had
been
brought
under
the
French
yoke
;
besides
,
Philip
was
stopt
by
Iohn
Cardinal
of
Lorain
,
whom
the
Emperor
had
sent
with
propositions
of
peace
,
and
therefore
wished
Philip
to
go
no
further
then
the
river
Duria
,
and
that
he
should
not
offer
any
act
of
hostility
to
hinder
the
peace
,
left
he
incur
the
Emperors
displeasure
.
Philip
did
as
he
was
counselled
,
thinking
the
Emperor
thereby
would
be
the
more
tractable
,
and
that
he
would
not
act
any
thing
dishonorable
to
him
:
but
a
little
while
after
,
the
war
broke
out
again
,
and
in
a
short
time
,
by
the
valour
of
Count
Fanus
Paulinus
,
Francis
obtained
almost
all
Savoy
.
The
French
writers
strive
to
excuse
king
Francis
his
invasion
of
Savoy
,
and
to
blame
the
Duke
;
but
indeed
,
the
kings
reasons
were
but
specious
pretences
,
and
the
true
reason
was
his
unbridled
desire
of
domination
;
otherwayes
he
would
have
preferred
that
neernesse
of
blood
with
the
Duke
to
any
title
;
but
indeed
it
seems
he
had
none
;
for
it's
unlikely
that
either
Duke
Philip
would
have
acted
any
thing
against
the
Salique
law
,
or
that
his
people
would
have
assented
thereto
,
being
carefully
from
the
beginning
observed
by
them
;
so
that
with
much
adoe
would
they
suffer
at
any
time
the
mother
,
during
the
nonage
of
the
Duke
,
to
rule
that
Dutchie
:
neither
can
Duke
Charls
be
blamed
for
entertaining
a
league
with
the
Emperor
,
considering
his
power
and
greatnes
,
as
also
the
many
and
long
leagues
between
the
Houses
of
Burgundy
and
Savoy
,
and
that
faithfull
correspondency
between
the
Empire
and
Savoy
;
besides
,
Duke
Charls
thought
there
needed
no
other
league
with
king
Francis
then
that
which
nature
had
already
made
,
to
wit
,
consanguinity
.
The
losse
therefore
of
Savoy
cannot
be
imputed
to
the
Dukes
want
of
policy
,
or
any
negligence
,
but
rather
to
that
all-ruling
Providence
which
hath
prescribed
certain
periods
of
time
to
all
powers
and
principalities
,
which
ar●…o
lesse
subject
to
change
and
mortality
then
the
men
themselves
of
which
they
are
composed
.
And
although
King
Francis
was
a
good
Prince
,
yet
in
this
he
was
no
good
man
,
to
invadeand
challenge
anothers
right
;
and
much
lesse
could
he
be
a
good
Christian
,
who
would
make
a
league
with
that
great
Antichrist
,
and
call
in
the
Turk
upon
Christendome
,
because
he
could
not
otherwayes
be
revenged
on
the
Emperor
;
this
was
an
act
ill-beseeming
the
most
Christian
King.
Duke
Charles
made
no
resistance
to
the
French
forces
,
for
indeed
he
could
not
,
having
exhausted
all
his
treasury
on
the
Genevan
war
;
for
that
City
took
occasion
to
rebel
upon
this
discord
between
France
and
Savoy
,
therefore
the
Duke
did
what
he
could
to
reduce
them
to
obedience
,
which
he
could
not
because
of
Berne
which
took
the
Genevans
part
;
besides
the
Duke
relied
on
the
Emperors
power
and
authority
,
thinking
the
French
would
have
submitted
to
what
agreement
he
should
make
:
the
Emperor
indeed
was
much
incensed
against
the
French
,
of
whom
he
complained
to
the
Pope
in
the
assembly
of
the
Cardinals
,
that
Francis
had
invaded
the
Territories
of
a
Prince
joyned
so
nearly
to
the
Empire
by
affinity
,
and
under
the
protection
of
the
Empire
,
yea
the
Empires
Lieutenant
;
the
hainousnesse
of
which
act
he
aggravates
,
in
that
it
was
against
the
Kings
own
Uncle
:
having
complained
,
he
marcheth
towards
France
with
his
Army
,
whence
ensued
a
long
war
between
Charles
the
Emperor
had
called
a
Diet
at
Ratisbone
(
anciently
Augusta
Tiberia
)
Hariaden
Aenobarb
a
notorious
Pyrat
;
these
having
spent
most
part
of
the
Summer
in
that
harbour
,
upon
the
French
kings
desire
,
for
whom
Solyman
had
sent
them
,
besiege
Nicaea
a
haven
Town
in
Province
both
by
sea
and
land
;
hither
the
Bishop
of
Geneva
being
driven
out
,
translated
his
seat
:
this
Town
,
after
the
great
ordnance
had
battered
down
the
walls
and
forts
,
fought
stoutly
against
the
Turks
,
whose
standard
they
took
,
the
standard-bearer
being
killed
;
but
at
last
the
Town
is
taken
,
plundered
and
burned
,
yet
the
Castle
standing
on
a
high
cliffe
,
held
out
by
the
valour
of
Paul
Simeon
the
governour
thereof
,
and
one
of
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
.
Alphonsus
Gustavus
hearing
that
the
Town
was
besieged
,
but
not
taken
,
(
he
was
the
Emperors
Lieutenant
in
Italy
,
and
Vice-roy
of
Millan
)
makes
haste
to
relieve
it
,
with
him
were
joyned
D.
Charls
his
forces
,
these
seeing
the
Town
destroyed
,
relieve
the
Castle
with
all
necessaries
for
a
long
siege
,
commending
the
valour
of
Simeon
and
the
souldiers
that
held
out
,
and
preserved
the
Townsmen
;
Aenobarb
now
out
of
all
hope
to
gain
the
Castle
,
returns
to
Marsiles
:
Guastius
mean
while
layeth
siege
to
Montevic
one
of
the
chief
sub-alpin
Cities
,
whose
defection
from
the
Empire
had
drawn
many
others
after
it
;
at
last
after
a
long
siege
the
Town
yeelds
,
and
shortly
after
85.
Castles
submitted
to
the
Imperial
yoke
.
Aenobarb
sends
out
of
the
Port
of
Tholon
(
of
old
Tarenta
,
which
is
towards
Marsiles
)
two
passage-Barks
to
Solyman
at
Constantinople
laden
with
captives
,
among
which
were
divers
boyes
and
handsome
maids
,
these
had
been
perpetual
slaves
to
the
Turk
and
Devil
,
had
not
Garcias
Toletanus
the
Vice-roy
of
Naples
his
son
with
some
Gallies
fallen
upon
the
Turkish
convoy
,
which
he
overcame
,
and
so
rescued
the
two
Barks
;
these
he
sent
home
with
a
strong
convoy
,
and
so
Solyman
came
short
of
this
booty
,
as
also
of
the
rich
presents
which
Aenobarb
had
appointed
for
him
,
all
which
were
taken
by
Garcias
:
About
this
time
Luxenburg
which
Charles
D.
of
Orleans
,
and
son
to
King
Francis
had
taken
two
years
before
,
was
retaken
by
the
Caesarians
,
with
divers
other
Towns.
The
French
lay
siege
to
Carigna
which
Guastus
endeavoured
to
raise
;
a
hot
skirmish
lasted
an
hour
,
in
which
the
Marquess
was
worsted
,
and
hardly
escaped
with
his
life
;
in
this
fight
9000.
were
slain
,
and
almost
2000.
were
taken
;
the
Town
being
tired
out
with
continual
duty
and
famine
,
at
last
surrenders
.
The
same
year
To
Duke
Charls
succeeded
his
son
Emanuel
Philbert
:
he
was
bred
from
his
childhood
in
the
Court
of
Charles
5.
Emperor
,
who
loved
him
exceedingly
for
his
eminent
parts
,
and
made
him
Captain
of
his
Life-guard
,
consisting
of
4000.
horse
:
afterward
when
the
Emperor
Charls
transferred
all
his
Kingdomes
and
power
upon
his
son
Philip
,
the
same
Emanuel
was
by
Philip
made
governour
of
the
Low-countries
,
in
which
office
he
so
behaved
himself
for
the
France
,
Emanuel
was
restored
to
his
full
estate
,
and
withall
married
with
Margaret
Henries
sister
;
but
the
French
retained
a
while
in
their
hands
Turin
,
Villanova
,
Aslen
,
Guierse
and
Chivali
,
which
at
last
he
demands
by
his
Legats
from
King
Charls
9.
of
France
,
who
succeeded
his
brother
Francis
;
but
the
French
loth
to
part
with
them
,
put
off
the
Duke
with
long
delayes
and
excuses
,
alleadging
that
Nicea
and
Villafranca
,
with
their
dependances
,
were
anciently
annexed
to
the
County
of
Province
,
and
subject
alwayes
to
the
Counts
of
Province
,
and
that
Queen
Ioan
Neece
to
Robert
king
of
Naples
and
Earl
of
Province
,
and
after
her
Lewis
the
first
Duke
of
Amdes
whom
she
had
made
her
heir
,
did
possesse
these
now
when
the
houses
of
Amdes
and
Arragon
fell
at
variance
for
the
kingdome
of
Naples
,
the
Savoyan
upon
this
took
occasion
to
seise
on
Nicea
and
Villafranca
,
having
no
title
to
them
,
and
would
never
since
that
time
be
induced
to
part
with
them
;
but
the
French
kings
have
right
to
them
by
the
last
will
of
Charles
Duke
of
Amdes
,
Earl
of
Province
,
and
king
of
Naples
,
the
last
of
that
family
:
This
Charles
bequeaths
his
whole
estate
to
Lewis
11.
of
France
,
and
to
his
son
Charles
,
whom
with
all
the
succeeding
kings
of
France
he
makes
his
heirs
;
therefore
the
Savoyan
must
part
with
these
places
to
the
French
,
before
he
can
have
possession
of
the
Towns
which
the
king
holds
from
him
;
so
likewise
the
Principality
of
Piemont
did
of
old
belong
to
Province
,
and
was
possessed
by
the
above
named
Q.
Ioan.
The
French
also
prove
the
County
of
Asten
belongs
to
them
,
because
Iohn
Galeacius
Viscount
of
Millan
gave
it
in
Dowry
with
his
daughter
Valentine
,
when
she
married
with
Lewis
D.
of
Orleans
,
great
grand-father
to
K.
Charls
;
this
County
Charls
5.
Emperor
injuriously
seised
upon
,
and
the
Savoyen
against
all
right
hath
hitherto
enjoyed
it
;
they
shew
also
that
there
have
been
many
debates
between
the
French
and
Savoyen
,
about
the
Marquisat
of
Salusses
,
that
the
Counties
of
Geneva
and
Foucignium
depend
upon
the
Delphinat
,
and
are
held
in
fee
of
the
French
,
therefore
the
Savoyen
ought
to
do
homage
to
K.
Charls
for
them
,
as
his
ancestors
had
done
heretofore
.
Lastly
,
the
French
Ambassadors
shew
,
that
whereas
Philip
of
Savoy
having
married
with
Margaret
of
Burbon
,
and
that
Ludovica
mother
to
K.
Francis
was
the
daughter
of
this
Margaret
,
and
that
it
was
agreed
upon
articles
of
marriage
,
that
the
children
of
Philip
and
Margaret
should
have
shares
in
their
estate
;
that
therefore
the
French
king
had
reason
to
lay
claim
to
some
parts
of
Savoy
.
These
and
other
reasons
were
alledged
why
the
French
king
might
retain
these
controverted
towns
;
yet
for
quietnesse
sake
,
because
France
then
had
many
enmies
,
both
intestine
and
forraign
,
King
Francis
the
second
brother
to
King
Charls
sends
to
Burdiloun
Governour
of
Piemont
to
deliver
these
towns
to
the
Savoyen
,
conditionally
that
he
will
part
with
Savillianum
,
and
Pignerol
with
the
adjacent
Abbey
Burdillonius
;
upon
this
he
cals
together
the
chief
Captains
and
Governours
of
those
places
,
acquainting
them
with
the
kings
pleasure
,
it
was
at
last
agreed
,
not
to
obey
presently
the
kings
command
,
but
to
stay
for
further
order
,
seeing
he
was
as
yet
under
age
,
not
fit
to
meddle
with
the
affaires
of
the
kingdom
,
and
that
this
was
a
matter
of
great
concernment
,
chiefly
seeing
it
was
agreed
upon
in
the
last
meeting
at
Lions
between
the
Kings
and
Dukes
Ambassadors
,
that
Nicea
with
the
tower
and
subjacent
places
should
be
restored
to
the
King
,
and
that
Fossanum
with
the
adjacent
places
,
as
likewise
the
County
of
Austen
,
and
whatsoever
by
right
of
inheritance
belonged
to
Francis
the
first's
mother
,
likewise
the
Marquisat
of
Salusses
,
and
all
places
appertaining
thereto
,
which
the
Savoyen
heretofore
took
away
injuriously
from
the
Earls
of
Province
,
whilest
they
were
imployed
in
the
holy
war
;
all
these
they
held
fit
should
be
restored
to
the
King.
As
for
Turin
,
when
the
inhabitants
saw
themselves
forsaken
by
D.
Charls
,
they
of
their
own
accord
submited
to
the
French
king
Francis
,
petitioning
earnestly
they
might
hereafter
be
under
the
protection
of
France
,
which
was
assented
to
by
king
Francis
:
Upon
these
considerations
,
Burdillonus
thought
it
fit
to
acquaint
king
Charls
his
mother
,
the
king
of
Navar
then
Lieutenant
over
all
France
,
the
Princes
of
the
Blood
,
the
Constables
,
the
Marshals
,
and
Chancellor
,
and
the
kings
Counsellours
with
these
passages
,
And
humbly
beseecheth
them
that
the
kings
Patent
might
be
mended
,
and
all
their
names
added
to
it
,
that
the
blame
may
not
lie
on
him
,
if
hereafter
any
thing
should
fall
out
amisse
;
withall
he
desires
,
that
what
shall
be
concluded
by
them
concerning
this
businesse
,
may
be
confirmed
also
by
all
the
Parliaments
of
France
,
chiefly
that
of
Paris
:
This
was
the
sum
of
his
Petition
,
which
to
most
of
the
kings
Councel
seemed
Emanuel
Philbert
Duke
of
Savoy
,
by
which
marriage
they
have
children
to
inherit
these
lands
.
Therefore
the
opinion
of
the
Councel
was
,
that
restitution
should
be
presently
made
to
the
Duke
without
any
further
delays
;
for
this
cause
a
new
Order
is
sent
,
which
confirmed
the
former
,
shewing
withall
that
what
was
concluded
by
the
Councel
of
State
,
alwayes
attending
on
the
king
,
was
not
to
be
ratified
or
questioned
by
any
Parliament
of
France
,
seeing
by
the
custom
of
that
kingdom
,
the
kings
Councel
is
of
greater
dignity
and
authority
then
any
French
parliament
.
The
king
to
satisfie
Burdillon
,
caused
the
king
of
Navar
and
the
rest
of
the
Senators
to
put
their
Hands
and
Seals
to
the
kings
order
,
though
without
president
or
custome
;
he
is
commanded
therefore
presently
to
restore
the
controverted
places
,
conditionally
that
the
king
be
put
in
possession
by
the
Duke
of
the
places
,
agreed
on
in
the
last
conference
at
Lions
,
to
wit
,
Savillan
,
Petrousie
,
Pyneroll
,
and
Ginoll
;
but
the
two
former
were
restored
by
Henry
3.
at
Turin
,
where
he
was
magnificently
entertained
by
the
D.
Emanuel
in
his
journy
from
Poland
,
when
he
was
comming
to
receive
the
Crown
of
France
,
his
brother
Charls
being
dead
;
this
he
gave
as
a
gift
to
his
Aunt
,
the
Dukes
wife
,
and
her
son
Charls
.
About
six
years
after
,
Emanuel
Philbert
departed
this
life
at
Turin
,
whose
body
was
buried
at
Vercelles
,
in
his
fathers
tomb
.
To
him
succeeded
his
son
Charls
4.
sirnamed
Emanuel
,
he
was
born
the
61.
year
of
this
Century
,
and
in
the
80.
year
succeeded
.
In
the
8
year
of
his
government
,
he
invades
and
takes
the
towns
of
Carmaniola
and
Salusium
,
which
were
CHAP.
XII
.
The
History
of
Hungary
from
the
beginning
till
the
year
1532.
THe
Huns
a
people
of
Scythia
,
transported
themselves
into
this
part
of
Panonia
,
which
from
them
is
called
Hungary
;
it
was
inhabited
by
the
Goths
,
who
by
the
Huns
were
driven
out
thence
:
Many
of
the
Ostrogoths
joyned
with
the
Huns
,
and
so
made
up
one
Nation
:
the
Vestrogoths
went
into
Mysia
and
Thracia
,
by
the
consent
of
Valence
the
Emperour
,
conditionally
that
they
should
defend
the
borders
of
the
Empire
from
the
Huns
;
but
the
covetousnesse
and
negligence
of
the
Roman
Governours
gave
occasion
both
to
Goths
and
Huns
to
invade
the
Empire
,
so
that
after
divers
battels
,
the
Romans
were
forced
to
let
the
Huns
enjoy
all
Panonia
quietly
,
where
as
soon
as
they
were
setled
,
they
chose
themselves
a
King
,
Attila
by
name
,
who
much
molested
the
Romans
:
in
his
absence
he
left
his
brother
Buda
to
govern
his
kingdome
,
whom
after
his
return
from
the
wars
of
Mysia
,
Thrace
,
Macedon
,
and
Illyricum
,
he
caused
to
be
strangled
,
upon
suspicion
that
he
affected
the
kingdom
.
After
this
,
he
invadeth
Germany
and
France
,
with
a
numerous
Army
,
spoiling
all
before
him
with
fire
and
sword
,
but
was
met
and
overthrown
by
Aetius
,
in
this
battel
180000
Huns
were
slain
,
Attila
fled
by
night
into
his
Camp
,
commanding
those
that
were
about
him
to
burn
him
,
if
the
enemy
should
obtain
the
Camp
,
because
he
would
not
fall
into
their
hands
alive
:
But
when
he
saw
the
enemy
was
retreated
,
he
fals
furiously
upon
all
the
neighbouring
countries
,
sparing
neither
sex
nor
age
;
then
he
goeth
to
Sicambria
,
now
called
Buda
,
where
he
gave
himself
to
his
delights
;
but
he
could
not
be
long
without
action
:
therefore
aiming
at
the
Empire
of
the
world
,
he
invades
Italy
with
a
hugh
Army
,
which
struck
such
a
terrour
there
,
that
after
he
had
taken
Aquileia
after
three
years
siege
,
many
out
of
all
parts
of
Italy
fled
to
the
Islands
of
the
Adriatick
sea
,
where
they
built
them
a
City
,
now
the
Queen
of
the
Sea
:
many
other
Cities
of
Italy
submitted
to
him
;
he
abstained
from
Rome
upon
the
intreaty
of
Pope
Leo.
Being
returned
to
Panonia
,
he
died
of
an
Apoplexie
,
and
sudden
erruption
of
blood
.
After
his
death
,
his
children
striving
for
his
Dominions
,
lost
all
:
so
that
the
Goths
seised
upon
Panonia
,
whose
power
after
this
grew
so
great
,
that
they
had
got
almost
the
whole
Empire
of
Italy
.
Odoacer
the
Gothish
king
made
Augustulus
resigne
the
Empire
;
so
that
he
,
and
eight
Gothish
kings
that
succeeded
to
him
,
enjoyed
the
Western
Empire
with
Panonia
,
whom
the
Lombards
drove
out
of
Panonia
first
,
then
out
of
Italy
:
These
being
wholly
addicted
to
Italy
,
left
Panonia
to
the
remainder
of
the
Huns
,
conditionally
,
that
if
their
affairs
should
not
succeed
in
Italy
,
they
might
be
received
again
into
Panonia
;
they
under
their
King
Albonius
erected
a
kingdome
in
Italy
.
The
Huns
make
eruptions
upon
divers
parts
of
Germany
,
with
great
losse
to
both
Countries
.
In
this
mean
time
,
two
hundred
and
sixteen
thousand
Scythians
breake
in
upon
Panonia
through
Muscovia
and
Sarmatia
.
In
Dacia
,
Almus
descended
of
Attila
,
did
reign
:
to
him
being
slain
succeeded
Arpadius
,
who
sends
to
Suates
then
Prince
of
Sarmatia
,
a
horse
richly
trapped
,
and
a
request
,
that
he
would
spare
some
of
his
waste
lands
to
his
people
,
who
wanted
ground
;
Suates
at
first
assented
,
but
hearing
of
the
rapacity
and
multitude
of
that
people
,
refused
;
whereupon
he
raiseth
an
Army
:
but
the
strangers
challenging
that
land
as
due
to
them
,
and
bought
by
the
horse
that
was
sent
,
march
out
against
Suates
,
whom
they
defeated
and
drove
into
the
Danow
,
where
he
was
drowned
.
Arpadius
seiseth
on
the
Country
,
and
divides
it
among
his
Captains
:
these
being
setled
,
and
the
Stythian
yoke
cast
off
,
they
call
themselves
Hungarians
,
and
had
divers
wars
with
the
Polonians
,
Bohemians
,
and
Moravians
.
Charls
the
great
being
molested
by
the
Hungarians
invades
their
Country
,
and
by
his
son
Pipin
drives
them
out
of
all
the
higher
Hungary
.
Gaba
their
King
,
at
Buda
,
in
the
midst
of
his
jollity
and
pleasures
is
taken
and
imprisoned
,
where
he
killed
himself
.
Charls
causeth
the
idols
of
Mars
and
Hercules
there
to
be
destroyed
,
and
Christ
to
be
preached
;
he
disarmed
the
people
,
dismantled
the
towns
,
and
laid
heavy
taxes
on
them
.
When
Charls
was
dead
Lindentus
a
potent
and
factious
man
,
endeavoured
to
shake
off
the
yoke
,
and
to
restore
Hungary
to
its
ancient
liberty
;
therefore
Lewis
the
Pious
,
to
whom
Hungary
and
the
adjacent
Countries
were
bequeathed
by
his
fathers
Will
,
raiseth
an
Army
against
him
;
Lindentus
marcheth
with
his
forces
,
having
wasted
Carinthia
,
Dalmatia
,
and
Bavaria
:
but
he
was
defeated
and
driven
to
the
mountains
by
Lewis
,
to
whom
at
last
he
submitted
,
and
was
pardoned
.
After
this
,
the
Hungarians
were
quiet
for
some
years
;
but
they
break
out
again
,
invade
Italy
,
and
made
Berengarius
who
came
against
them
,
to
buy
his
peace
.
After
them
the
Sarazens
fall
upon
Italy
,
whom
Albert
Duke
of
Etruria
defeated
;
but
being
slighted
for
his
good
service
,
he
cals
the
Hungarians
again
into
Italy
,
which
they
miserably
afflicted
,
and
made
Berengarius
tributary
the
second
time
;
thence
they
fell
upon
Germany
,
and
having
defeated
the
German
forces
,
they
plunder
Bavaria
and
Franconia
;
the
havock
and
waste
they
made
in
Germany
,
broke
the
heart
of
Lewis
the
Emperour
:
Conradus
his
successor
became
tributary
to
Hungary
;
Henry
his
successour
denyed
to
pay
this
tribute
,
wherefore
they
lay
waste
many
parts
of
Germany
;
but
at
last
they
are
overthrown
,
and
their
Captain
taken
,
whose
life
they
would
have
redeemed
,
but
could
not
.
Then
a
peace
of
nine
years
is
agreed
on
;
but
before
these
were
expired
,
they
demand
their
tribute
of
the
Emperour
,
who
instead
thereof
sent
them
a
lame
and
mangie
Dog
:
they
to
be
revenged
,
send
three
hundred
thousand
men
,
whose
cruelty
in
Germany
was
unspeakable
;
at
length
Henry
defeats
the
,
mone
hundred
&
fifty
thousand
are
slain
,
&
fifty
thousand
of
them
taken
prisoners
:
thus
Germany
rested
a
while
;
then
they
return
into
Italy
,
and
are
quieted
by
a
silver
sop
from
Berengarius
3.
Toxis
their
K.
not
forgetful
of
their
overthrow
in
Germany
,
&
hearing
that
Henry
was
dead
,
resolves
to
fall
upon
Saxony
,
but
Otho
the
Emperor
kept
them
out
thence
:
some
years
after
,
when
Otho
was
distracted
with
civil
wars
,
Toxis
invades
Germany
in
divers
places
;
but
when
the
Princes
were
reconciled
,
Otho
raiseth
a
great
army
,
and
overtakes
the
Hungarians
laden
with
spoile
neer
Auspurg
,
where
a
cruel
battel
is
fought
,
and
the
Hungarian
army
quite
routed
,
multitudes
of
them
were
drowned
in
the
river
,
some
that
had
escaped
were
burned
in
the
houses
where
they
hid
themselves
;
king
Toxis
is
taken
with
four
other
Princes
,
who
all
afterwards
lost
their
heads
.
The
kings
of
Hungary
,
after
they
received
the
Christian
faith
,
were
these
:
Prague
;
Steven
his
son
was
baptized
by
the
same
Bishop
,
and
afterward
canonized
;
the
Emperor
Henry
married
his
sister
to
this
Steven
,
and
so
all
Hungary
became
Christian.
This
king
lived
a
holy
life
;
he
built
a
fair
Church
on
the
hill
Strigon
,
and
endowed
it
he
erected
also
the
Monastery
of
S.
Martin
,
and
another
goodly
Church
,
the'
burying
place
of
the
Polonian
kings
,
with
divers
other
monuments
of
his
piety
;
he
was
buried
in
his
temple
at
Strigon
.
To
him
succeeded
his
sisters
son
Geicza
,
Ladislaus
,
Geicza
Bela's
eldest
son
succeeded
;
in
his
time
Hungary
was
visited
with
a
great
famine
.
His
Colomannus
Geicza's
son
succeeded
;
he
was
first
a
Bishop
,
Bela
2.
called
the
blind
,
because
Colmannus
had
blinded
both
him
and
his
father
Almus
,
succeeded
;
he
was
a
good
,
though
a
blind
King
:
he
had
four
sons
:
He
overthrew
and
put
to
flight
Colmannus
his
bastard
,
who
had
raised
forces
against
him
:
He
died
an.
1141.
and
was
buried
at
Alba
regalis
or
Stuluneissenburg
,
Saxons
,
Austrians
,
and
Bavarians
,
who
had
invaded
Hungary
;
he
was
a
pious
Prince
,
and
built
divers
Churches
,
leaving
four
sons
behind
him
;
he
died
an.
1161.
his
eldest
son
Steven
3
Charles
Martel
father
of
that
Charles
who
afterward
was
king
of
Hungary
.
Steven
was
buried
in
the
Isle
Buda
;
his
son
Ladislaus
4.
succeeded
;
in
his
time
the
Scythians
again
invade
Hungary
,
wasting
all
with
fire
and
sword
,
and
two
years
after
returned
home
with
great
booty
.
This
king
was
murthered
by
the
Cumani
.
Andrew
4.
succeeded
;
he
was
the
son
of
Steven
Venetus
,
and
grandchild
of
Andrew
2.
father
Charles
Martel
king
of
Hungary
;
but
the
Hungarians
chose
Wenceslaus
or
Ladislaus
the
king
of
Bohemia's
son
for
their
King
,
whom
afterward
his
father
called
home
into
Bohemia
.
Hungary
at
this
time
was
divided
into
three
factions
;
some
were
for
Charls
,
some
for
Wenceslaus
,
and
a
third
party
for
Otho
D.
of
Bavaria
,
who
was
crowned
at
Alba
regalis
,
and
reigned
almost
three
years
;
but
Ladislaus
Vayroda
carried
him
away
prisoner
to
Iazygum
or
Transilvania
,
and
spoiled
him
of
his
kingdom
.
Charles
Robert
son
of
Charles
Martel
and
Mary
daughter
of
K.
Steven
5.
is
crowned
:
He
was
a
great
souldier
,
and
amplified
Casimir
king
of
Poland
made
a
journey
to
visit
this
king
Charles
his
kinsman
,
and
because
he
was
childlesse
,
he
names
Ludovic
(
son
to
K.
Charles
who
married
his
sister
)
to
the
kingdom
of
Poland
,
so
that
this
Ludovic
became
king
of
both
kingdoms
;
He
had
two
daughters
only
,
to
wit
Mary
who
married
with
Sigismund
Alba
Regalis
,
in
the
Chappel
which
he
built
.
To
Ludovic
succeeded
his
daughter
Mary
,
who
married
with
Sigismund
Albert
Arch-duke
of
Austria
,
by
marrying
King
Sigismunds
onely
daughter
,
obtained
both
the
Crown
of
Hungaria
and
Bohemia
,
and
besides
is
chosen
Emperor
;
he
had
two
daughters
,
Elisabeth
wife
to
Casimir
King
of
Poland
,
and
Anna
who
married
with
William
Duke
of
Saxony
:
The
year
after
Sigismunds
death
,
Amurath
the
Turk
invaded
Hungary
;
Albert
intending
to
give
him
battel
,
pitched
his
camp
beyond
Danubius
,
where
being
taken
with
a
loosness
,
hasteneth
for
Vienna
,
but
he
died
by
the
way
thither
;
he
left
his
wife
with
childe
,
who
intended
to
marry
with
Uladislaus
the
King
of
Polands
brother
Ladislaus
Alberts
son
was
five
years
old
,
then
at
Vienna
.
Iohn
Hunniades
or
Corvinus
is
made
Viceroy
,
and
by
Ladislaus
for
his
valour
deputed
Vayvod
of
Transilvania
,
for
he
had
beaten
Amurath
;
when
the
young
king
,
being
twelve
years
old
,
came
to
Hungary
,
he
made
the
same
Iohn
,
for
his
good
service
,
Earl
of
Bistria
.
After
this
Iohn
put
again
Mahumet
to
flight
,
took
from
him
a
hundred
great
field-pieces
;
Matthias
Corvinus
son
to
Iohn
Hunniades
is
ransomed
out
of
prison
by
the
Bishop
of
Waraden
for
60000
Scrutati
,
and
withall
is
elected
King
of
Hungary
.
Frederick
3.
Emperor
layeth
claim
to
the
Kingdome
,
as
being
next
heir
to
the
defunct
King
:
Matthias
now
was
17.
years
old
,
and
capitulated
with
Frederick
,
that
the
house
of
Austria
should
by
his
last
will
inherit
the
Crown
of
Hungary
if
he
died
childless
;
his
first
marriage
was
with
the
King
of
Bohemia's
daughter
.
Alba
regalis
,
the
marriage
is
kept
at
Buda
;
in
the
interim
the
Turk
subdues
Dalmatia
,
makes
Malachia
,
Moldavia
,
Bulgaria
,
or
the
lower
Mysia
,
Servia
or
the
higher
Misia
,
and
Transilvania
were
meant
of
old
:
when
the
nuptial
solemnities
were
expired
,
Matthias
invades
Austria
,
because
he
was
slighted
by
Frederick
the
Emperor
when
he
was
a
Suiter
to
his
daughter
Kunegund
;
here
he
takes
in
some
Towns
and
Forts
:
the
Caesarians
are
overthrown
at
Haymburg
by
Matthias
,
which
presently
after
he
besiegeth
;
the
Emperor
Frederick
sends
3000.
horse
to
raise
the
siege
,
a
battel
is
fought
,
in
which
the
Caesarians
had
the
better
;
Stephen
Bathor
one
of
Matthias
his
Captains
being
carried
away
prisoner
by
two
souldiers
,
watching
an
opportunity
,
pulls
out
the
sword
which
was
hanging
at
one
of
his
keepers
side
,
with
which
he
runs
them
both
through
,
and
so
escapes
to
his
fellows
:
Haymburg
on
the
confines
of
Hungary
and
Austria
is
surrendred
to
Matthias
,
and
so
is
the
Castle
for
a
sum
of
money
:
after
this
he
takes
Pruck
a
strong
Town
on
the
river
of
Leythe
;
having
taken
in
many
Towns
and
Forts
about
Vienna
,
he
forceth
it
at
last
by
famine
to
surrender
;
after
7.
months
siege
he
takes
Neustad
.
At
last
betaking
himself
to
his
rest
a
while
,
and
to
be
merry
,
upon
Palmsunday
at
table
after
his
mirth
,
he
fell
into
Alba
regalis
;
he
was
both
a
good
scholler
,
and
a
lover
of
schollers
,
with
which
he
furnished
his
kingdome
;
he
erected
a
great
Library
,
and
took
much
delight
in
the
company
of
Regi-Montanus
.
Ladislaus
2.
who
was
K.
of
Bohemia
,
marrieth
with
Matthias
his
widow
,
and
so
Vienna
,
Neustad
and
Pruck
,
with
almost
all
Austria
;
then
he
takes
Alba
,
with
some
other
Towns
and
Castles
,
which
afterward
he
restored
to
Ladislaus
,
whose
former
wife
being
dead
,
he
marrieth
a
French
Lady
,
of
whom
he
had
Ludovic
and
Anna
;
it
was
agreed
between
Maximilian
and
him
,
that
if
the
K.
should
die
childless
,
Maximilian
and
his
posterity
should
successively
enjoy
the
Crowns
of
Hungary
and
Bohemia
.
After
this
a
great
sedition
was
raised
in
Hungary
;
for
whilst
the
Cardinal
of
Strigon
was
preaching
the
Cross
for
raising
of
Forces
against
the
Turk
,
the
Ambassador
of
Ladislaus
at
that
time
was
making
peace
with
Solyman
:
many
had
taken
Arms
against
the
Turk
,
which
they
would
not
lay
down
again
,
but
elected
for
their
King
,
Captain
George
Zeck
,
who
had
heretofore
given
some
defeats
to
the
Turk
;
these
like
mad
men
run
through
Hungary
,
demolishing
divers
Forts
and
Monasteries
,
murthering
the
Gentry
with
their
wives
and
children
,
plundring
their
goods
,
and
deflouring
of
virgins
;
they
hale
the
Bishop
of
Chona
,
with
which
death
they
threaten
the
Archbish.
of
Strigon
and
others
;
but
shortly
after
,
this
new
K.
George
,
with
his
Captains
,
were
apprehended
by
Count
Iohn
the
Vayvod
,
who
used
them
with
deserved
rigor
,
he
causeth
a
burning
iron
Crown
to
be
set
on
his
head
,
then
two
of
his
veins
to
be
opened
,
the
blood
whereof
he
presents
to
his
brother
Luke
to
drink
;
besides
he
caused
30.
Boors
who
had
been
kept
from
food
three
daies
,
to
fall
upon
their
yet
living
king
with
their
teeth
,
whose
flesh
they
tore
and
eat
;
but
the
king
seemed
to
be
no
waies
dejected
or
afraid
,
he
only
desired
his
brother
might
be
excused
,
being
by
him
compelled
to
this
war
;
at
length
when
all
his
limbs
were
torn
,
they
bowelled
him
,
and
having
cut
his
body
in
pieces
,
they
rost
some
parts
,
and
boil
the
rest
,
which
they
present
to
his
souldiers
to
eat
,
who
having
filled
themselves
were
tortured
to
death
with
Luke
Zeck
.
King
Ladislaus
died
at
Buda
,
and
was
buried
in
Alba
regalis
.
To
hm
succeeded
his
son
Ludovic
2.
in
the
Kingdoms
of
Hungary
and
Bohemia
;
in
his
time
Solyman
the
Turk
invadeth
Hungary
with
a
great
Army
,
wasting
all
before
him
;
the
place
that
lay
first
open
to
his
fury
was
the
Archbishoprick
of
Colonza
,
therefore
the
King
by
the
Popes
aid
makes
Paul
Tomori
(
now
a
Franciscan
,
but
heretofore
a
publike
and
stout
Champion
against
the
Turk
)
Archbishop
of
that
place
,
for
those
times
required
such
a
man
there
.
King
Ludovic
married
with
Mary
,
Maximilian
the
Emperors
kinswoman
,
who
afterwards
was
governess
in
Belgium
:
King
Ludovicks
sister
Anna
was
bestowed
on
Ferdinand
,
who
afterward
was
King
of
Hungary
.
King
Strigon
,
Paul
Tomori
the
Monk
;
the
king
having
escaped
,
fell
with
his
horse
into
a
bog
,
where
he
died
miserably
;
two
months
after
his
body
in
armour
,
with
his
horse
were
found
;
he
was
carried
and
buried
in
Alba
regalis
:
the
Turk
pursues
his
victory
,
raging
with
fire
&
sword
till
he
came
to
Buda
the
Metropolis
,
which
was
quickly
surrendred
to
him
,
the
Queen
with
the
chief
of
the
City
being
fled
to
Vienna
:
the
Castle
held
out
,
in
which
was
a
garrison
of
●…rmans
,
who
perceiving
that
the
Turks
went
about
to
spring
mines
,
articuled
〈◊〉
they
might
depart
with
their
baggage
;
this
was
assented
to
,
but
promise
〈◊〉
●…ept
,
for
all
of
them
were
cut
in
peeces
by
the
Turks
cimiters
,
onely
the
Captain
escaped
,
because
the
souldiers
against
his
will
,
had
delivered
up
the
Castle
to
the
enemy
;
into
the
woods
were
fled
above
25
thousand
Christians
,
besides
women
and
children
,
against
whom
the
Turks
discharged
their
great
ordnance
,
and
almost
destroyed
them
all
.
After
the
Turk
had
wasted
higher
Panonia
,
he
returns
unto
Constantinople
.
After
the
death
of
Ludovic
,
Iohn
the
Vayvod
of
Transilvania
is
by
some
elected
king
,
against
the
will
of
the
Palatine
of
Hungary
,
and
the
chief
Prelates
,
who
had
called
in
Ferdinand
brother
to
Charles
5.
Emperor
,
so
that
now
there
were
two
kings
elected
:
the
Vayvod
sent
to
the
French
king
for
aid
against
king
Ferdinand
,
of
whose
injustice
he
complained
by
his
letters
to
the
Emperor
Charles
and
the
Electors
,
protesting
that
if
he
should
be
forced
to
seek
for
aid
elsewhere
,
that
he
was
not
to
be
blamed
;
wherefore
when
he
saw
no
help
,
he
swore
allegiance
to
Solyman
,
desiring
his
protection
,
which
he
had
long
since
proposed
,
if
Ferdinands
power
should
be
too
great
for
him
.
Ferdinand
Archduke
of
Austria
and
king
of
Bohemia
is
elected
king
of
Hungary
,
he
with
a
strong
Army
marcheth
to
Buda
,
which
he
taketh
,
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
kingdome
;
after
this
he
is
crowned
at
Alba.
Casimir
Marquess
of
Brandeburg
his
General
,
in
this
expedition
dieth
at
Buda
,
where
he
is
honourably
interred
.
The
Vayvod
invites
Solyman
the
Turk
into
Hungary
,
CHAP.
XIII
.
1.
A
prosecution
of
the
Hungarian
Historie
,
from
the
year
,
1532.
till
1629.
SOlyman
being
enraged
for
his
great
loss
at
Vienna
,
and
that
he
was
forced
to
raise
his
siege
,
returns
with
a
great
power
,
to
wit
,
300000
men
,
and
120
great
Canon
.
He
first
besiegeth
Nicholas
Iurith
,
an
Hungarian
,
and
Governour
,
who
would
not
yeild
,
though
the
Town
was
almost
battered
to
the
ground
with
great
Guns
,
invites
him
to
a
surrender
upon
fair
tearms
;
That
he
should
remain
Governour
as
he
was
;
and
that
all
the
Inhahitants
shall
stay
and
enjoy
all
that
they
ow
without
any
hurt
.
The
Hungarian
accepts
of
the
conditions
:
Then
the
Turk
removes
to
the
borders
of
Stiria
:
He
permits
his
chief
Bashai
,
with
fifteen
thousand
,
to
wast
and
plunder
the
Countrey
before
him
;
but
as
he
was
returning
to
the
Army
with
his
spoiles
,
he
was
so
circumvented
between
the
Mountains
by
some
Caesarian
Horse
going
for
Vienna
,
that
scarse
two
hundred
of
fifteen
thousand
Turks
escaped
.
The
Emperor
in
a
short
time
raiseth
an
Army
of
thirty
thousand
Horse
,
and
two
hundred
thousand
foot
,
which
when
the
Turk
understood
,
he
retreats
with
all
speed
to
his
own
confines
.
About
five
years
after
,
Ferdinand
raiseth
an
other
Army
of
eight
thousand
Horse
,
and
sixteen
thousand
foot
,
under
the
conduct
of
Catrian
,
who
perfidiously
betrayed
the
Army
to
the
Turk
.
Not
long
after
,
this
Traytor
labours
to
perswade
Count
Nicholas
of
Serinum
,
with
whom
he
was
intimate
,
to
side
with
the
Turks
;
But
Nicholas
caused
his
head
to
be
cut
off
,
which
he
sent
to
King
Ferdinand
as
a
present
,
for
which
,
he
was
rewarded
with
all
Catrians
Estate
.
Iohn
,
the
Vayvod
of
Transylvania
,
dyeth
at
Buda
:
he
left
behinde
him
a
young
son
,
in
whose
Non
age
,
his
Mother
undertook
the
Government
.
Alba
Regalis
upon
surrender
:
It
was
Articled
,
That
the
Inhabitants
should
be
dismissed
without
hurt
:
but
Soliman
causeth
them
all
to
repair
to
the
Castle
,
where
he
disarms
them
;
then
picks
out
the
strongest
bodied
of
them
,
the
rest
he
commanded
to
be
hewed
in
pieces
:
Then
he
makes
Mahomet
Zaoglis
Governour
of
all
Hungaria
.
Four
years
after
,
Anna
,
Queen
of
Hungaria
,
King
Ferdinand's
wife
▪
died
in
Child-bed
.
The
next
year
after
King
Ferdinand
took
Agria
,
and
divers
Forts
:
Shortly
after
,
in
upper
Panonia
,
by
the
Earl
of
Salm
,
Anno
,
1550.
Teufel
,
Ferdinands
General
is
defeated
by
the
Turk
,
who
takes
divers
places
this
year
from
the
King
,
and
besiegeth
Agria
,
an
Episcopal
Seat
,
with
all
the
strength
he
Iohn
Sigismund
,
son
of
the
above
named
Vayvod
:
and
two
years
after
,
Ferdinand
is
chosen
Emperor
of
the
Romans
.
After
the
Turk
had
taken
Felica
,
a
strong
Town
in
the
higher
Panonia
:
a
●…eace
is
concluded
between
Ferdinand
and
Soliman
.
Four
years
Hungaria
▪
upon
this
,
a
command
is
sent
to
the
Bashai
of
Buda
,
to
George
Thurin
,
and
relieved
by
George
of
Helfenstein
.
The
Turks
seeing
new
Forces
comming
,
run
all
away
,
leaving
behind
them
their
Ordn●…nce
,
and
all
their
Provision
,
after
they
had
full
eight
days
together
battered
the
walls
,
which
are
now
again
repaired
.
The
Christians
shortly
after
take
Vesprin
,
and
put
all
the
Turks
,
except
five
,
to
the
sword
:
they
take
also
some
Castles
.
The
same
year
the
Scythians
upon
Solymans
invitation
and
the
Vayvods
,
fall
with
fire
and
sword
on
the
higher
Panonia
,
carrying
thence
many
Christians
;
but
Lazarus
of
Schwend
with
some
small
Forces
defeated
ten
thousand
of
them
,
and
then
takes
divers
places
from
George
Bebec
▪
an
Hungarian
Peer
,
who
had
revolted
to
the
Turk
.
Mean
while
the
Emperor
makes
an
expedition
into
Hungaria
,
to
relieve
the
lower
Panonia
which
the
Turk
was
now
wasting
:
he
fortifieth
some
places
which
were
in
danger
to
be
surprised
at
Taurinum
,
where
the
Emperor
was
:
there
happened
such
a
fire
,
that
the
whole
city
was
almost
burned
down
;
the
souldiers
instead
of
quenching
the
fire
,
carryed
away
the
Merchants
goods
:
but
the
Emperor
raised
a
great
summe
to
rebuild
the
town
again
.
Anno
1567.
At
Constantinople
,
a
peace
for
eight
years
is
concluded
between
Maximilian
the
second
,
and
Solymus
Sultan
.
One
of
the
Articles
was
,
That
each
one
should
keep
quietly
what
he
had
gotten
:
this
pacification
was
afterwards
prolonged
.
Iohn
Sigismund
the
Vayvod
dyed
Stephen
Bathori
,
who
was
to
continue
the
annual
tribute
to
the
Turk
.
This
is
he
who
afterward
by
the
Sultans
recommendation
,
was
elected
K.
of
Poland
.
The
Turk
before
the
peace
was
expired
,
fell
upon
Hungaria
,
where
he
killed
above
one
thousand
Christians
,
and
returned
with
great
booty
Anno
1579.
The
Turks
fall
upon
a
great
many
unarmed
Christians
,
being
at
a
fair
in
Sixo
:
Some
they
hacked
and
hewed
with
their
Cimiters
,
Anno
1582.
During
the
peace
,
an
Army
of
sixty
thousand
Turks
,
under
Sanzacus
,
broke
in
upon
the
higher
Panonia
,
wasting
with
fire
and
sword
all
that
lay
in
their
way
:
but
as
they
were
returning
home
with
their
spoiles
and
plunder
,
the
Caesarian
Forces
set
upon
them
near
Agria
,
killed
most
of
them
,
and
recovered
the
Plunder
.
The
news
of
this
overthrow
did
highly
move
and
incense
the
great
Turk
at
Byzantium
:
but
when
he
understood
how
the
Turks
without
any
ground
or
provocation
began
the
quarrel
,
he
was
satisfied
and
appeased
,
and
of
his
own
accord
desired
a
continuation
of
the
peace
,
which
was
effected
between
Rodolph
the
second
,
Emperor
,
and
Amurath
the
third
,
for
eight
years
,
beginning
the
first
of
Ianuary
,
Anno
1584.
Yet
three
years
after
the
Turks
George
Serin
recovered
the
bootie
,
with
the
losse
of
two
thousand
Turks
.
Some
few
years
after
,
Matthias
,
the
Emperors
brother
,
with
a
great
Army
out
of
Germany
,
fell
upon
the
truce-breaking
Turks
of
Hungaria
:
Novigrad
Mathias
.
Serin
,
takes
divers
castles
.
Tiefenbach
,
having
slaughterd
divers
Turks
,
took
Iasprin
by
assault
.
Mathias
fell
upon
Strigon
,
and
took
the
old
town
;
but
whilst
he
was
beleaguering
the
new
town
,
and
hearing
that
Sinan
the
Turk
was
coming
,
he
riseth
with
his
Army
against
the
Germans
will.
This
Sinan
,
with
one
hundred
thousand
Turks
,
and
sixty
thousand
Tartars
,
besiegeth
Iavernum
.
A
terrible
battle
is
fought
,
in
which
Sinan
lost
one
hundred
thousand
men
.
But
Hardeckins
,
notwithstanding
he
was
promised
by
Mathias
to
be
relieved
within
two
days
,
delivers
up
Iaurin
to
the
Turk
:
For
which
fact
,
afterward
he
lost
his
head
.
In
this
strong
town
were
one
hundred
fifty
great
guns
,
six
thousand
of
the
Garrison
were
killed
,
three
thousand
dismissed
.
The
Island
Comora
,
over
against
the
town
was
stoutly
defended
by
the
Germans
.
Sinan
being
dead
with
griefe
for
his
many
losses
,
Mahumet
the
Sultan
prepares
to
invade
Panonia
with
a
great
army
.
Mean
while
the
Christians
take
Hatuana
,
using
there
all
manner
of
Philip
Emanuel
of
Lorrain
imployeth
his
army
against
the
Turks
,
from
whom
he
took
by
force
Alba
Regalis
,
but
the
souldiers
defaced
and
ransacked
the
town
,
not
sparing
the
ancient
Regal
bones
and
Monuments
of
Hungary
.
The
Turks
striving
to
regain
the
City
,
were
beat
back
with
great
loss
,
but
the
next
year
the
Conqueror
being
dead
,
they
retake
the
place
.
George
Basta
,
growing
bold
upon
the
Turks
weakness
,
(
for
the
Sultan
was
yet
a
childe
,
and
the
Persians
had
over-run
his
Dominions
as
far
as
Babylon
)
raiseth
an
intestine
War
between
Hungaria
,
and
Dacia
.
He
forceth
Rodolphus
.
Bethleem
Gabor
,
having
married
the
Widow
of
Moyses
,
the
Ciculian
,
was
in
hope
to
become
master
of
Transylvania
,
but
his
hopes
were
blasted
by
the
victory
which
Tampirius
had
over
him
.
Sthephen
Botscatus
,
a
kinseman
of
Battors
,
stood
up
for
liberty
of
Conscience
,
in
defence
of
the
Protestants
:
acknowledgeing
Caesars
right
no
otherways
,
then
upon
this
liberty
.
But
the
intestin
Wars
caused
such
sterility
and
devastation
,
that
for
want
of
other
food
,
parents
did
eat
their
children
;
which
was
presaged
by
a
new
star
,
as
Kepler
observes
.
Mathias
being
established
in
Andrew
Gietzius
to
the
great
Turk
for
aid
;
but
Andrew
promiseth
to
the
Sultan
some
Castles
,
if
he
would
confer
the
Principality
on
him
:
order
presently
upon
this
motion
,
is
given
to
Mahumet
Bassai
,
that
he
should
turn
out
Battorius
,
and
settle
Gietzius
in
his
place
:
Which
Battorius
perceiving
desires
assistance
from
the
Palatine
of
Hungaria
,
and
Protection
from
King
Mathias
;
at
which
the
Turk
was
offended
,
Gabriel
Battor
,
willing
to
retain
Dacia
,
halted
so
long
between
the
Emperor
,
and
Turk
,
that
Bethleem
Gabor
rebels
against
him
,
and
at
last
by
the
Turks
aid
,
utterly
defeats
him
,
Hungaria
.
Gabor
in
Hungaria
and
Dacia
,
subjected
Lippa
,
and
some
other
places
to
the
Turk
;
and
would
also
have
delivered
up
Waradin
to
the
Sultan
for
a
reward
of
his
protection
;
about
which
,
he
and
Humanoius
fell
at
variance
.
Near
Agria
,
Mathias
,
King
of
Hungaria
,
and
Bohemia
,
who
was
also
Emperor
,
caused
Hungaria
.
Bethleem
Gabor
,
the
Turks
Vassal
,
having
by
letters
imparted
his
resolutions
to
the
Bohemians
,
and
gaping
after
the
Crown
of
Hungaria
,
enters
that
Kingdom
with
a
great
Army
,
and
takes
Cassovia
,
Poson
,
and
other
places
,
some
by
storm
,
some
by
surrender
:
he
assumes
the
title
of
Prince
of
Hungaria
,
and
seizeth
on
the
Crown
,
which
was
usually
kept
at
Poson
,
and
useth
the
Papists
Alba
Iulia
shewed
how
unwilling
they
wear
to
break
with
the
Emperor
;
therefore
they
send
to
him
,
who
at
Vienna
receiveth
the
Commissioners
kindly
,
and
sends
the
Bishop
of
Nitria
to
Dacia
,
where
a
new
peace
is
concluded
between
Caesar
,
and
Transylvania
.
But
not
long
after
,
Gabor
with
an
Army
of
60000.
over-runns
Hungaria
,
at
last
he
makes
a
truce
of
ten
monthes
with
the
Imperialists
.
The
next
year
,
Caesar
raiseth
an
Army
of
50000.
to
invade
Hungaria
,
which
made
the
Turk
jealous
,
but
Caesars
Ambassador
assured
him
,
that
the
Emperor
intended
no
hurt
to
the
Port
,
but
onely
to
recover
what
Gabor
had
taken
from
The
Prince
joyns
his
Forces
with
the
Bashai
of
Buda
.
Walstein
endeavored
to
keep
them
from
joyning
with
Count
Mansfielt
,
but
could
not
:
so
after
divers
skirmishes
,
the
Imperialists
are
beaten
.
But
shortly
after
,
Gabor
sends
to
Caesar
,
to
excuse
his
taking
up
Armes
,
because
some
Articles
were
not
observed
.
Then
he
sends
to
the
Port
,
to
excuse
his
making
of
peace
with
Caesar
,
because
the
Bashai
of
Buda
was
called
away
from
him
by
the
Sultan
.
So
Ianus
like
,
he
looks
both
ways
.
Yet
underhand
he
aids
the
confederate
Princes
,
and
stirs
up
the
Turk
against
Caesar
,
fearing
too
much
his
greatnesse
.
For
this
cause
,
the
Basha
of
Buda
is
continued
in
his
place
,
and
order
given
,
that
when
occasion
served
he
should
aid
Gabor
,
Caesar
sends
a
private
Agent
to
the
Port
,
complaining
against
Gabor
,
and
that
he
was
the
chiefe
CHAP.
XIV
.
The
affaires
of
Germany
,
Hungaria
,
Poland
,
Turky
,
Bohemia
,
Austria
,
Millan
,
Naples
,
Cyprus
,
and
Borussia
,
under
Albert
and
Frederick
,
Emperors
,
from
the
year
one
thousand
four
hundred
thirty
eight
,
till
the
year
one
thousand
four
hundred
eighty
.
ALbert
,
son
in
Law
to
Sigismund
,
in
the
space
of
a
few
months
,
being
but
Duke
of
Austria
,
became
Duke
of
Lucemburge
,
Marquess
of
Moravia
,
King
of
Hungaria
,
and
Bohemia
,
and
He
was
fain
to
fight
for
the
Kingdom
of
Bohemia
;
For
some
of
the
Nobility
had
called
in
the
Polander
,
against
whom
,
the
Emperor
imployed
Albert
,
Marquiss
of
Brandenburge
,
who
defeated
the
Polander
,
and
made
him
sue
for
peace
,
and
leave
Bohemia
:
to
which
Kingdom
,
Albert
had
a
twofold
Title
;
one
by
his
Wife
Elizabeth
,
of
the
Royall
blood
;
the
other
,
by
vertue
of
a
Covenant
between
the
Austrians
,
and
Bohemians
;
That
when
in
either
House
the
issue
Male
did
fail
,
the
other
should
enjoy
the
Crown
.
The
Hungarians
were
not
content
that
their
King
should
meddle
with
the
Empire
,
because
that
whilest
Sigismund
was
busie
about
the
Imperial
affairs
,
Hungaria
was
exposed
to
the
fury
of
the
Turks
.
The
reason
why
Ptarsco
,
Chief
of
the
Hussites
,
called
into
Bohemia
,
Casimir
,
Brother
to
Ladislaus
of
Poland
,
was
,
for
that
Albert
was
much
addicted
to
the
Roman
faith
,
and
a
bitter
enemy
to
Husse
:
therefore
he
fortified
all
the
Cities
of
the
Hussits
,
and
joyned
the
Thaborits
with
the
Polanders
,
but
they
were
(
as
we
have
said
)
defeated
,
and
divers
Hussits
carried
away
prisoners
by
Frederick
,
Elector
of
Saxony
.
Caesar
having
left
a
Vice-roy
in
Bohemia
,
falls
upon
Poland
with
Fire
and
Sword
;
but
his
sickness
caused
a
peace
.
He
left
two
daughters
behinde
him
;
Anna
,
who
married
William
,
Duke
of
Saxonie
;
and
Elizabeth
,
wife
of
Casimir
,
King
of
Poland
:
he
had
also
a
Post-humus
son
,
Ladislaus
,
whom
his
Mother
Crowned
the
4.
month
of
his
age
,
which
Crown
she
had
secretly
conveyed
,
and
hid
for
that
purpose
.
But
the
Coronation
of
this
young
King
,
could
not
keep
Hungaria
from
troubles
;
For
Amurath
,
who
lately
had
deprived
George
Despot
of
Servia
,
(
whose
daughter
he
married
)
both
of
his
Principality
,
and
two
sonnes
,
whom
he
left
at
Sanderovia
,
which
town
the
Turk
took
,
and
the
two
sons
he
caused
to
be
both
emasculated
,
and
exoculated
,
pretending
they
were
about
to
raise
new
Forces
for
their
Father
:
I
say
,
this
Amurath
invades
Hungaria
,
with
Fire
and
sword
:
the
Hungarians
to
encrease
their
strength
,
propose
a
Treaty
between
their
Queen
and
Ladislaus
of
Poland
.
The
Q.
willing
to
preserve
the
Crown
entire
for
her
son
,
refuseth
to
marry
,
which
occasioned
a
great
War
;
For
divers
of
the
Hungarian
Peers
sided
with
Ladislaus
,
others
with
the
Post-humus
King.
The
Polander
by
the
help
of
the
Hungarian
Peers
,
take
many
places
in
Hungaria
:
the
Queen
on
the
other
side
was
busie
in
retaking
the
same
places
.
Mean
while
Amurath
was
not
idle
,
but
brings
his
Army
through
Mysia
,
and
Triballiae
,
and
sits
down
before
Belgrade
of
old
Taururum
,
the
chief
Fort
of
that
Kingdom
Ladislaus
gave
the
charge
of
Transylvania
,
to
Iohn
Huniades
,
to
keep
off
the
Turks
on
that
side
.
George
,
he
sends
to
the
borders
,
to
keep
the
Turks
at
Belgrade
from
excursions
.
The
Christian
Princes
understanding
their
danger
,
strove
to
take
up
the
difference
between
Ladislaus
and
the
Queen
Mother
;
and
withall
,
to
bestow
her
two
daughters
on
the
two
brothers
,
Castmer
and
Ladislaus
:
in
the
interim
,
Huniades
defeats
the
Turks
,
recovers
all
Moldavia
,
and
a
part
of
Servia
,
with
Bulgaria
,
by
the
help
of
Ladislaus
.
Huniades
in
one
day
,
defeated
the
Turks
in
five
several
Battels
,
and
towards
night
,
he
utterly
routed
the
Bashai
of
A●…a
,
Amuraths
his
kinsman
.
30000
Turks
were
here
lost
.
Amurath
,
to
repair
this
loss
,
sends
Carambeius
the
Basha
of
Phrygi●…
,
with
a
great
Army
,
which
Ladislaus
by
the
prudence
of
Huniades
,
totally
discomfited
in
the
Valley
of
Hemus
.
This
so
allrighted
Amurath
,
that
he
was
about
to
have
killed
himself
had
not
Halibaeus
Basha
,
who
succeeded
Carambeius
encouraged
him
to
raise
a
new
army
,
and
to
elude
,
Fabius
like
,
with
long
delays
,
the
courage
of
Huniades
,
by
shutting
up
the
Streights
of
Mount
Rodope
,
which
Ladislaus
pereeiving
,
returns
in
a
tryumphing
way
,
but
against
the
will
of
Huniades
,
to
Belgrade
,
shewing
his
booties
to
the
people
,
and
with
them
,
captive
Carambeius
.
Upon
the
reporte
of
these
Victories
,
Caramannus
,
Prince
of
Cilicia
is
encouraged
to
invade
Pontus
,
and
Bithynia
,
the
Turks
Provinces
in
Asia
,
Amuraths
being
unable
to
undertake
two
Wars
at
once
,
and
fearing
the
greatness
of
the
European
enemy
,
sends
Ambassadors
to
treat
with
Ladislaus
for
peace
,
upon
what
conditions
he
pleaseth
.
It
was
agreed
,
that
Amuraths
should
depart
out
of
Servia
;
deliver
up
all
the
Towns
and
Garrisons
he
had
taken
there
,
and
restore
to
George
,
the
Despot
,
his
sonnes
,
and
whole
Estate
,
and
for
the
time
to
come
,
should
offer
him
no
wrong
:
and
that
he
should
not
meddle
with
Moldavia
,
and
that
part
of
Bulgaria
which
was
lost
.
Amuraths
desired
,
that
he
might
onely
retain
Bulgaria
,
to
which
Ladislaus
assented
,
and
so
the
peace
was
concluded
for
ten
years
,
and
ratified
by
a
solemn
Oath
.
But
Ladislaus
,
a
fiery
spirited
young
Prince
,
more
Ambitious
of
War-like
glory
,
then
of
peaceable
security
,
soon
after
Amuraths
was
gone
into
Asia
,
breaks
the
League
by
the
instigation
of
Pope
Eugenius
,
and
Iulian
the
Cardinal
,
who
perswaded
him
he
might
lawfully
violate
the
Oath
he
took
to
an
enemy
of
Christ
,
and
that
he
should
have
Absolution
,
and
withall
the
assistance
of
the
Pope
,
Philip
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
the
Venetian
Fleet
,
which
should
stop
Amuraths
from
conveying
aid
by
the
Hellespont
,
out
of
Asia
into
Europe
.
Upon
these
perswasions
and
hopes
,
that
Ladislaus
should
recover
again
the
Greek
Empire
,
and
presuming
on
his
former
fortunes
,
marcheth
with
his
Army
through
Walachia
,
and
Bulgaria
,
till
he
stayed
at
Varna
,
of
old
Dionysiopolis
,
a
town
in
Bulgaria
,
where
he
fell
sick
,
Amuraths
upon
these
news
,
leaves
Caramannus
,
and
returns
to
the
Hellespont
with
all
speed
,
and
at
Calliopolis
,
transmits
his
Army
into
Europe
,
in
the
sight
of
the
Italian
Fleet
,
which
perfiduously
sufferd
them
to
pass
.
The
ships
that
transported
them
,
were
these
of
Genua
.
The
Turks
with
an
incredible
celerity
,
march
towards
Adrianopolis
,
and
be●…ore
Ladislaus
knew
of
any
thing
,
lying
yet
at
Varna
;
They
pitch
their
Camp
close
by
him
:
the
Christian
Army
was
so
ordered
by
Huniades
,
that
one
side
of
it
was
defended
by
a
Lake
,
the
other
by
Waggons
and
Chariots
,
chained
together
like
a
Wall
:
the
hills
behind
them
guarded
the
Rear
:
the
fight
continued
three
days
and
nights
together
with
such
violence
,
that
the
fields
run
with
bloud
.
The
Victory
was
inclining
to
the
Christians
,
for
the
Turks
began
to
give
ground
,
and
to
fly
away
disorderedly
:
the
Prelates
too
rashly
drew
the
rest
of
the
Army
to
pursue
farther
then
was
safe
;
for
the
Turk
perceiving
that
now
the
Christians
lay
open
,
who
before
were
in
a
manner
enclosed
with
Fences
,
he
causeth
all
his
Archers
to
let
flie
at
them
,
by
which
means
they
were
presently
disordered
,
and
inclosed
by
the
Turks
Legions
.
The
young
King
having
got
into
the
Turks
Life-guard
,
had
his
Horse
shot
under
him
,
and
he
himself
was
slain
,
with
many
wounds
.
The
Prelates
in
their
flight
fell
into
Bogges
,
and
were
drowned
.
Huniades
,
with
much
difficulty
escaped
,
and
that
part
of
the
Army
that
fled
,
dyed
miserably
:
some
with
cold
and
hunger
in
the
Woods
:
some
with
toyl
and
watching
,
and
many
drowned
in
Lakes
and
Pools
.
Iulian
,
the
Author
of
breaking
the
Oath
,
was
found
dead
in
the
way
,
of
many
wounds
:
some
think
he
was
murthered
of
his
own
party
.
Huniades
,
the
scourge
of
Turky
,
the
defendor
of
Hungaria
,
and
Bulwark
of
Christendom
,
was
preserved
by
God
for
more
work
:
He
after
this
defeated
Mahumet
,
Amuraths
successor
at
the
siedge
of
Belgrade
,
where
forty
thousand
Turks
were
slain
;
but
having
overwearied
himself
,
with
two
days
fight
,
he
fell
sick
,
who
commenin
gthe
care
of
his
Countrey
to
Christ
,
and
exhorting
his
sons
to
virtue
,
departed
this
life
.
Ladislaus
,
Albertus
his
Post-hume
,
was
educated
by
Frederick
the
Emperor
,
who
would
not
suffer
the
Hungarians
to
enjoy
him
,
though
they
had
often
Petitioned
,
till
he
was
of
years
and
understanding
,
fit
for
Government
;
in
which
he
was
altogether
ruled
by
Ulricus
his
kinsman
,
Earl
of
Cilia
,
which
encreased
the
peoples
ill
opinion
of
the
King
,
and
their
old
hatred
against
Ulricus
,
who
alwaies
envied
Huniades
for
his
valor
and
happiness
,
and
used
all
opportunities
he
could
,
to
disgrace
and
murther
him
:
and
being
neither
satisfied
with
his
virtues
,
nor
content
with
his
death
,
he
persecutes
his
Children
,
Ladislaus
and
Matthias
,
whom
by
false
calumnies
he
thought
to
oppress
.
Therefore
one
day
Ladislaus
coming
to
expostulate
with
the
Earl
,
from
words
,
they
fell
to
blows
:
Ulricus
,
that
began
the
quarrel
,
and
drew
first
,
was
killed
by
Ladislaus
,
who
cleared
himself
to
the
King
,
and
upon
that
received
the
publique
faith
,
and
a
pardon
,
with
a
purple
garment
:
yet
afterward
upon
new
calumniations
,
the
King
causeth
both
the
Brothers
to
be
apprehended
:
He
put
Ladislaus
to
death
,
causing
his
head
to
be
cut
off
in
that
purple
Garment
he
gave
him
.
He
was
three
times
struck
by
the
Executioner
,
and
three
times
he
lifts
himself
up
,
though
his
hands
were
bound
,
calling
upon
God
,
and
pleading
his
innocency
,
but
the
fourth
stroke
out
off
his
head
.
The
King
perceiving
how
he
was
hated
of
the
people
for
this
murther
,
and
finding
no
security
for
his
abode
in
Hungaria
,
goeth
to
Bohemia
,
whither
he
carried
with
him
Matthias
,
the
other
son
of
Huniades
,
fearing
least
the
people
might
have
in
the
Kings
absence
tumultuously
set
him
free
;
besides
he
could
put
him
to
death
more
safely
in
Bohemia
,
then
in
Hungaria
,
where
he
was
so
well
known
.
But
before
the
King
had
pronounced
sentence
of
death
against
Matthias
,
as
he
was
celebrating
his
Nuptials
with
Margaret
,
King
Ch●…rles
the
seveuths
daughter
of
Thrace
,
at
Prague
,
he
was
poysoned
,
of
which
he
died
within
few
hours
.
Boiebracius
,
one
of
the
greatest
men
in
that
Kingdome
,
seized
on
the
Crown
:
who
restored
upon
the
desire
of
the
Hungarians
,
Matthias
to
his
Liberty
,
and
bestowed
his
daughter
on
him
,
with
many
rich
gifts
,
by
which
he
was
fitted
to
receive
the
Crown
of
Hungaria
,
which
was
set
on
his
head
by
the
general
consent
of
the
people
,
who
had
not
forgot
what
his
Father
had
done
for
them
.
But
though
Matthias
was
thus
Honourably
dealt
with
,
by
the
Bohemian
,
yet
he
sufferd
himself
to
be
perswaded
by
the
Pope
,
to
take
up
Arms
against
him
,
to
the
great
prejudice
of
Christianity
.
To
Albert
in
the
Empire
succeeded
Frederick
the
third
,
of
Austria
,
whose
inauguration
was
accompanied
with
some
Austrian
troubles
:
for
he
had
after
the
death
of
Albert
,
undertaken
the
tuition
of
Ladislaus
King
of
Hungaria
,
and
Bohemia
,
and
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
.
But
Ulricus
,
Earl
of
Cilia
,
great
Uncle
to
the
Childe
,
challengeth
the
right
of
Tuition
:
with
him
Albert
sides
:
He
was
Fredericks
Brother
who
demanded
a
share
of
his
Fathers
inheritance
;
but
the
two
bsothers
were
reconciled
by
the
German
Princes
,
and
Vlricus
is
commanded
to
lay
down
his
Arms.
After
this
Frederick
endeavors
to
compose
the
schism
raised
by
Pope
Eugenius
,
in
calling
a
Synod
at
Florence
,
against
that
of
Basil
;
but
when
the
Dolphin
brought
his
Armeniac
Forces
,
(
so
called
from
the
Earl
of
Armenia
in
Gascoin
,
who
was
their
Leader
)
against
Basil
,
he
did
not
stir
,
because
he
hated
the
Switzers
,
whom
he
suffers
to
be
all
cut
off
,
being
1600.
in
number
,
by
the
French.
Nor
did
stir
in
that
War
which
was
between
Albert
the
Marquiss
,
and
the
Noribergers
.
In
8.
battels
,
Albert
had
the
better
,
in
the
9.
he
was
beaten
,
and
then
he
made
peace
with
the
confederat
Cities
.
Frederick
having
perswaded
Foelix
,
to
resigne
the
Pontificat
to
Nicholas
,
and
him
to
confirm
the
decrees
of
Basil
,
he
repairs
to
Rome
for
his
Coronation
,
with
Albert
his
brother
,
and
Ladislaus
the
young
King.
In
his
journey
he
bestowed
many
Dignities
,
and
titles
of
Honour
upon
the
Italians
,
by
which
he
procured
much
love
among
them
.
He
entertained
his
Spouse
,
Lonora
,
King
Edwards
daughter
of
Portugal
,
at
Cenae
;
thither
she
came
by
sea
,
and
from
thence
he
conveys
her
to
Rome
,
where
he
was
Crowned
first
King
of
the
Lombards
.
(
For
Millan
was
fallen
to
Francis
Sfortia
upon
the
death
of
Philip
Maria
Visecount
,
which
succession
Frederick
would
not
allow
.
)
Two
days
after
,
with
his
new
Bride
,
He
was
Crowned
Emperor
of
the
Romans
.
Upon
his
return
homeward
,
the
Venetians
,
and
Ferrarians
did
Royally
entertain
him
:
for
which
he
made
the
Marquiss
of
Ferraria
,
Duke
;
and
with
the
Venetians
he
made
a
league
.
Mean
while
,
there
were
no
small
troubles
at
home
by
the
plottings
of
Cilian
,
and
the
Austrians
,
who
demande
the
young
King
Ladislaus
to
govern
them
:
so
that
he
was
foreced
,
being
suddainly
beset
with
an
Army
,
to
dismisse
Ladislaus
.
Frederick
also
had
much
trouble
with
Albert
his
brother
,
and
Sigismund
Exerch
of
Austria
,
about
the
Principality
of
that
Countrey
:
for
these
were
Cosin
Jermans
,
or
sons
of
two
brothers
,
and
claimed
an
equal
right
:
but
after
a
long
War
,
the
Emperor
at
last
obtained
all
Austria
.
After
this
he
had
troubles
with
Matthhias
Huniades
,
about
the
Kingdom
of
Hungaria
:
this
was
like
to
break
out
into
open
War
,
had
not
the
differences
been
composed
by
the
German
Princes
.
For
though
some
of
the
Hungarian
Peers
desired
Frederick
to
be
their
King
,
Ladislaus
being
dead
,
yet
the
major
part
were
for
their
Countreyman
Huniades
,
who
yet
could
not
obtain
the
Crown
,
which
was
delivered
to
Frederick
with
the
tuition
of
the
child
,
by
Elizabeth
the
Mother
,
till
he
had
redeemed
it
for
80000
Crowns
.
Mean
while
,
Pius
the
second
,
the
Pope
,
who
had
been
Secretary
to
Frederick
the
Emperor
,
had
deposed
Isebergius
,
Bishop
of
Mints
,
for
resisting
the
Levies
of
Money
in
Germany
,
enjoyned
by
the
Pope
for
the
Turkish
War
:
and
because
he
refused
to
take
the
Oath
imposed
on
him
,
which
was
,
That
he
,
nor
his
successors
should
not
without
the
Popes
leave
assemble
the
Princes
for
election
of
a
new
Emperor
,
or
for
any
thing
that
concerned
the
state
of
the
Empire
:
this
occasioned
matter
for
a
new
War.
Frederick
Count
Palatin
of
the
Rhene
,
and
Ludovic
of
Bavaria
,
both
hated
by
the
Emperor
,
side
with
the
Bishop
against
the
Pope
:
but
Albert
,
Marquiss
of
Brandeburg
with
divers
other
Princes
,
take
part
with
Adolphus
,
the
new
elected
Bishop
:
who
in
a
battel
were
defeated
by
the
old
Bishops
faction
,
which
was
lesse
numerous
then
the
other
.
This
War
was
scarse
ended
,
when
a
more
dangerous
arisieth
between
Matthias
Corvinus
,
King
of
Hungaria
,
about
the
Kingdom
of
Bohemia
,
which
the
Pope
had
bestowed
on
Matthias
against
Boiebracius
,
the
Hussits
Patron
.
But
the
Emperor
would
not
assent
to
this
grant
;
whereupon
Matthias
is
highly
displeased
,
and
the
rather
because
the
Bohemians
and
Emperor
,
had
chosen
Ladislaus
,
son
to
Casimer
,
King
of
Poland
,
by
Elizabeth
,
daughter
to
Albert
of
Austria
.
In
this
War
Matthias
had
got
almost
all
Austria
from
Frederick
.
But
Albert
,
Duke
of
Saxony
,
recovered
it
all
again
to
the
Empire
,
except
Vienna
,
which
Albert
was
loth
to
meddle
with
,
because
of
the
strength
and
power
of
that
City
.
In
these
troubles
of
Germany
,
Frederick
,
makes
a
journey
to
Rome
,
that
he
might
perform
his
vow
:
but
Pope
Pius
was
dead
,
and
had
for
his
successor
,
Paul
the
second
,
a
man
of
an
evil
report
.
After
this
,
Frederick
had
troubles
with
Charles
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
that
high
spirited
and
turbulent
Prince
,
who
was
much
incensed
because
the
Emperor
would
not
confer
on
him
,
the
Title
,
Crown
,
and
dignity
of
a
King
:
nor
would
he
consent
that
Charles
should
be
Lieutenant
,
or
Vicar
of
the
Empire
.
Upon
this
,
Charles
raiseth
an
Army
,
with
wich
he
besiegeth
Novesium
,
or
Neuiss
,
a
confederate
City
four
miles
below
Colen
.
Frederick
on
the
other
side
Levieth
80000
men
,
among
which
were
most
of
the
Imperial
Princes
.
The
Duke
of
Saxony
was
Standerd
bearer
.
But
whilst
both
armies
were
preparing
to
fight
,
Frederick
and
Charls
having
had
privat
conference
by
the
mediation
of
the
Belgic
Princes
,
peace
is
proclaimed
in
both
Armys
;
and
it
is
agreed
,
That
Charles
his
onely
daughter
,
should
marry
with
Maximilian
,
the
Emperors
son
,
who
was
to
enjoy
all
the
Provinces
belonging
France
,
Sigismund
Exarch
of
Austria
,
the
Emperors
Cosin
Jerman
,
Renatus
,
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
and
the
Switzers
,
who
had
broke
in
upon
Burgundy
by
the
instigation
of
King
Lewis
,
and
had
taken
two
Towns.
Charles
then
removing
his
Camp
from
Nuiss
,
fell
upon
the
Lorrainer
,
whom
he
drove
out
of
most
part
of
his
countrey
.
Then
he
falls
upon
the
Switzers
,
Lorrains
Confederates
,
and
takes
from
them
the
town
and
Castle
of
Granson
;
but
at
last
his
Army
is
totally
routed
by
them
,
so
that
he
hardly
escaped
himself
.
The
next
year
he
was
overthrown
again
by
the
Switzers
:
and
the
year
after
that
,
being
the
3.
Warre
he
had
with
the
Helvetians
,
he
both
lost
his
Army
and
life
by
them
.
The
perfidiousness
of
Campobassus
,
the
Neapolitan
,
who
forsook
him
,
was
the
cause
of
his
overthrow
,
thus
revenging
himself
The
death
of
Charles
bred
a
new
War
between
Maximilian
,
and
the
French.
He
claimed
the
marriage
of
Mary
,
Charles
his
Daughter
,
according
to
the
Articles
of
pacification
:
and
withall
,
the
Provinces
belonging
to
her
.
The
French
on
the
contrary
,
assisted
by
some
Belgic
Princes
,
whose
Chief
was
Philip
Ravesten
,
wasted
Burgunay
and
Flanders
,
and
changed
the
Dukes
Provinces
:
but
at
last
Maximilian
prevailed
,
though
often
times
in
danger
by
his
seditious
Subjects
,
chiefly
at
Brugis
,
where
they
had
beset
him
.
In
8.
years
space
he
recovered
all
his
Father
in
law's
Countries
;
chiefly
by
the
help
of
Albert
,
Duke
of
Saxony
.
Ravesten
is
driven
into
France
,
where
he
was
made
Admiral
of
a
Fleet
,
which
he
lost
in
a
Sea-fight
with
the
Turks
near
the
Isle
of
Lesb●…s
.
Frederick
,
after
the
death
of
Mathias
,
returns
to
Austria
,
where
he
suppressed
the
High-way-men
.
He
was
much
troubled
with
a
running
Canker
in
the
Foot
,
called
by
Physitians
,
Phagedena
,
and
having
overthrown
his
stomack
with
Musk-Millions
,
he
fell
into
a
looseness
that
killed
him
the
78.
year
of
his
life
,
and
of
his
Empire
,
the
54.
He
left
onely
two
Children
behinde
him
,
Maximilian
,
who
succeeded
,
and
Cunigunda
,
that
In
Bohemia
,
Boiebracius
,
against
whom
the
Pope
had
incensed
Mathias
of
Hungaria
,
being
dead
,
Ladislaus
is
made
King
,
who
makes
War
with
the
Hungarian
for
Moravia
,
and
Silesia
,
which
in
hatred
of
the
Bohemian
Religion
,
submitted
themselves
to
the
Hungarian
.
But
the
controversie
was
taken
up
by
the
Princes
,
without
effusion
of
bloud
:
and
it
was
agreed
that
a
part
of
Silesia
,
lying
next
to
Bohemia
,
with
both
Lusatia's
,
should
belong
to
Ladislaus
,
but
Matthias
should
possesse
the
rest
of
Silesia
,
with
Moravia
,
conditionally
,
That
if
he
died
without
an
Heir
Male
,
it
should
return
to
Ladislaus
;
if
he
had
an
Heir
,
That
then
it
should
be
free
both
to
him
,
and
to
Ladislaus
,
either
to
leave
,
or
buy
these
Provinces
for
200000
Crowns
.
In
Italy
,
the
differences
about
the
Principalities
of
Millan
,
made
way
for
Francis
Sfortia
,
a
Mercenary
Souldier
,
to
invade
it
.
For
Philip
being
dead
,
in
whom
the
ancient
Race
of
Viscounts
,
from
Matthew
the
great
,
failed
;
so
that
none
of
that
race
was
remaining
,
except
Valentina
,
Philips
sister
,
whom
Iohn
Galeatius
the
Father
,
had
married
to
Lewis
of
Orleans
,
son
to
Charles
the
fift
of
France
;
with
whom
he
gave
the
Citie
Asta
for
her
portion
,
with
this
condition
,
That
if
her
Brothers
should
die
childeless
,
her
children
should
be
lawfull
Heirs
to
the
Principality
of
Insubria
.
This
grant
was
not
Confirmed
by
the
Emperor
,
but
by
the
Pope
.
Duke
Philip
had
another
Daughter
,
Blance
,
named
by
his
Concubin
,
whom
he
bestows
upon
Francis
Sfortia
,
and
withall
,
Cremona
for
her
portion
:
many
laid
claim
to
this
Dukedom
.
Frederick
the
Emperor
by
the
Law
of
Feuds
,
which
gives
Title
of
Lands
to
the
Lords
,
when
there
is
no
Heir
;
Charles
of
Orleans
,
by
the
righ
t
of
his
mother
Valentina
,
to
whose
Heirs
that
Dutchie
belonged
by
the
will
of
Galeatius
,
Confirmed
by
the
Pope
;
Alphonsus
of
Arragon
,
who
seised
on
Naples
,
laveth
claim
by
the
last
will
of
Duke
Philip
,
who
named
him
Heir
for
assisting
him
against
the
Venetians
,
when
they
threatened
Millan
.
Francis
Sfortia
in
the
right
of
his
Wife
,
the
Bastard
of
Philip
,
and
by
his
last
Will
challenges
the
Dutchie
.
Mean
while
,
the
Millanois
aimed
at
liberty
.
Frederick
,
being
troubled
with
Domestick
broiles
,
sleights
his
Title
.
Charles
of
Orleans
sends
an
Army
into
Italy
,
under
the
command
of
Reinaldus
,
but
he
was
taken
,
and
his
Army
overthrown
by
the
Millanois
and
so
he
lost
that
Principalily
.
Alphonsus
,
finding
it
too
far
from
him
,
and
beset
with
so
many
Competitors
,
lets
fall
his
claim
.
Mean
while
,
the
Venetians
finding
divers
Cities
of
that
Dutchie
,
unwilling
to
be
under
Millan
,
begin
to
fish
in
these
troubled
Waters
.
Placentia
and
Lauden
,
freely
submit
to
Venice
.
Papia
and
Derthona
,
receive
F.
Sfortia
.
Navarr
,
lying
next
to
Vercelle
,
come
under
the
Savoyen
:
but
Sfortia
being
hired
by
the
Millanois
,
took
Placentia
and
Lauden
from
the
Venetians
,
whom
he
overthrows
in
a
great
Battel
:
then
they
make
peace
with
him
,
and
assist
him
against
the
Millanois
,
and
afterward
they
help
the
Millanois
against
him
,
aiming
at
that
Principality
themselves
:
but
Sfortia
deceived
their
hopes
,
for
by
his
Arms
and
Fame
,
he
made
all
the
Cities
of
that
Principality
submit
to
him
.
Then
he
called
in
Bajazet
the
Turk
,
against
the
Venetians
:
but
at
last
,
the
French
King
apprehended
him
at
Novaria
,
as
he
was
raising
of
Forces
out
of
Germany
,
Switserland
,
and
the
Grisons
Countrey
.
He
carried
him
into
France
,
where
he
imprisoned
him
:
he
died
miserably
,
and
was
justly
punished
for
his
parricid
and
ambition
,
the
5.
year
of
his
imprisonment
.
Frances
,
also
,
Grand-childe
of
Iohn
Galeacies
,
was
brought
into
France
,
and
there
shut
up
within
a
Monastery
.
So
Lewis
the
12.
obtained
the
Principality
of
Insubria
;
and
to
corroborat
his
Title
,
he
bribed
some
about
the
Emperor
Maximilian
with
gold
,
to
get
his
approbation
,
That
Lewis
with
his
posterity
,
and
Successors
,
should
hold
the
Dutchie
of
Millan
in
Fee
of
the
Emperor
.
Lewis
obtained
to
this
purpose
,
the
Emperors
Patent
,
but
with
this
clause
,
That
he
should
hold
this
Dutchie
in
Fee
,
so
it
might
not
prejudice
anothers
Title
:
upon
this
,
Pope
Iulius
(
that
he
might
drive
the
French
quite
out
of
Italy
,
who
had
already
overthrown
the
Ligurian
,
&
Venetian
power
by
land
)
joyns
his
Forces
with
the
Venetians
and
Switzers
,
and
restores
Maximilian
to
his
Fathers
Principality
,
which
he
held
til
the
coming
of
King
Francis
,
who
having
taken
Prosperus
Columnus
,
at
the
foot
of
the
Alpes
,
and
beaten
the
Switzers
near
Millan
,
he
takes
the
City
,
and
by
a
strict
Siege
,
forces
Maximilian
to
surrender
,
who
by
poyson
lost
the
use
of
his
understanding
.
He
was
carried
to
France
,
where
he
dyed
of
Melancholy
and
a
Fever
.
There
now
remains
his
Brother
Francis
,
whom
Charles
the
5.
Emperor
,
brought
back
;
having
in
two
several
battels
defeated
the
French
,
and
taken
King
Francis
prisoner
▪
But
after
Charles
had
put
Francis
of
Millan
in
possession
of
his
principality
,
he
dispossesseth
him
again
upon
suspition
of
Treason
:
Pope
Clement
,
the
Venetians
,
and
the
French
also
,
upon
this
are
made
friends
;
for
they
thought
it
not
safe
,
that
Charles
the
Emperor
should
have
too
much
footing
in
Italy
:
therefore
they
resolve
to
maintain
Sfortias
cause
,
but
finding
that
Charles
was
too
potent
to
be
forced
by
Arms
to
this
,
they
work
upon
him
by
intreaties
to
restore
Sfortia
to
his
principality
,
to
which
Charles
assented
.
Sfortia
is
invited
to
Bonona
,
upon
the
publick
faith
,
where
he
receives
his
Dutchie
,
and
withall
the
Emperor
betroths
to
him
his
Neece
by
his
Sister
,
to
wit
,
the
Daughter
of
Christiern
,
King
of
Denmark
.
By
this
double
knot
,
Sfortia
was
tyed
to
the
Emperor
against
the
French
:
but
the
Duke
dyed
shortly
after
his
marriage
;
then
,
when
Caesar
having
taken
Tunis
,
was
returning
to
Naples
,
and
from
thence
,
in
a
triumphant
manner
to
Rome
:
the
Sfortian
race
being
extinct
in
this
Francis
of
Millan
,
King
Francis
demands
from
Caesar
,
the
principality
of
Millan
for
him
and
his
Heirs
,
being
his
right
by
inheritance
,
and
Maximilians
grant
.
This
was
denyed
by
Charles
,
except
Francis
would
restore
the
D.
of
Savoy
to
his
Lands
which
were
violently
taken
from
him
by
the
French
,
most
of
which
Lands
were
restored
;
but
Caesar
in
the
mean
time
parts
not
with
his
Hold
of
Millan
,
which
he
enjoyed
whilest
he
lived
,
and
then
transfers
it
upon
his
son
Philip.
About
these
times
Apulia
is
in
great
trouble
,
by
reason
of
the
Wars
between
Arragon
and
Anjou
,
which
lasted
twenty
years
,
occasioned
at
first
by
the
impudent
lechery
of
Queen
Ioan
,
whom
Pope
Martin
,
and
Lewis
of
Aniou
,
did
pursue
with
all
Hostility
.
Hereupon
Ioan
implores
the
aid
of
Alphonsus
,
King
of
Arragon
,
now
in
Corsica
:
he
upon
her
intreaties
arives
at
Naples
,
with
a
Fleet
of
twenty
sail
,
and
beats
the
Forces
of
France
,
and
those
of
Sfortia
;
for
which
service
,
she
adopts
Alphonsus
:
he
was
the
Son
of
Ferdinand
,
and
Grand-childe
of
Iohn
,
King
of
Castile
,
Arragon
,
and
Sicily
.
This
Alphonsus
being
the
wisest
,
and
learnedst
Prince
of
his
time
could
not
endure
the
insolence
and
impudence
of
Queen
Ioan
,
therefore
he
forceably
drives
her
out
of
Naples
,
who
presently
repairs
to
the
Pope
,
accusing
Alphonsus
of
his
ingratitude
,
and
impiety
;
therefore
shee
cuts
of
her
former
Adoption
,
and
makes
Lewis
of
Anjou
her
Heir
,
whence
arose
great
Wars
;
in
which
sometimes
the
Ar●…agonian
,
somtimes
the
Andegeven
,
was
master
of
Naples
.
Upon
the
death
of
Lewis
,
his
brother
Renatus
undertook
the
War
;
but
he
was
so
employed
in
the
Wars
of
Britany
,
that
he
left
the
Neapolitan
War
to
his
son
Iohn
,
who
for
divers
years
,
but
with
ill
success
,
had
Wars
with
Ferdinand
,
the
Bastard
son
of
Alphonsus
,
whom
he
made
Heir
of
Naples
by
his
last
will.
At
length
near
Troy
Iohn
was
quite
defeated
,
having
lost
both
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
Island
Aenaria
,
now
Iscla
.
Not
long
after
,
being
conveyed
to
France
in
a
ship
,
he
dyed
of
a
Fever
;
his
Father
Renatus
dyed
shortly
after
,
childeless
;
his
Heir
was
Charles
Main
,
his
brothers
son
,
who
being
also
childeless
,
made
Lewis
the
11.
of
France
,
Charles
the
8.
Father
,
his
Heir
,
who
could
never
be
perswaded
to
recover
his
right
of
Naples
by
Arms
,
affirming
,
that
he
would
first
quiet
all
at
home
,
pull
down
the
greatness
of
the
Princes
of
the
bloud
,
and
leave
the
Kingdom
to
his
son
,
free
from
trouble
and
fear
.
Alphonsus
dyed
at
Naples
the
65.
year
of
his
age
:
he
left
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
.
Charles
the
8.
made
War
,
but
before
any
action
,
Ferdinand
dyed
,
having
left
two
sons
,
Alphonsus
his
successor
,
and
Frederick
,
and
a
Grand-childe
,
Ferdinand
of
Alphonsus
.
Iohn
of
Arragon
,
Brother
to
Alphonsus
,
the
elder
,
left
Sicily
to
his
son
Ferdinand
,
of
a
second
venter
,
and
married
him
to
the
sister
of
Henry
,
King
of
Castile
,
by
whom
he
had
afterward
,
upon
the
death
of
Henry
,
and
his
son
Alphonsus
,
the
Kingdom
of
Castile
,
Henrys
daughter
being
excluded
,
because
she
was
born
in
Adultery
.
So
Ferdinand
is
now
King
of
Sicily
,
and
of
both
Spains
.
Shortly
after
by
his
conquering
Arms
,
he
added
the
Kingdom
of
Granado
and
Naples
,
all
which
he
transferred
upon
Charles
the
5.
his
Grand
child
by
his
daughter
.
This
is
that
Ferdinand
who
subdued
and
drove
out
the
Moors
,
by
the
advice
of
Cousalvus
the
great
,
after
they
had
inhabited
Spain
almost
700.
years
,
from
the
time
that
Miramolinus
,
King
of
the
Moors
,
was
called
in
against
Roderick
,
King
of
the
Goths
.
For
this
Service
,
and
for
causing
the
Moors
that
remained
in
Spain
,
to
imbrace
the
Christian
faith
,
he
obtained
the
title
of
Catholick
.
The
dissention
of
two
Kings
in
Granado
,
on
of
which
submitted
himself
as
Vassal
to
Ferdinand
,
the
other
fled
into
Mauritania
,
made
this
Conquest
easie
to
Ferdinand
,
who
had
both
the
assistance
and
councel
of
Cousalvus
in
obtaining
this
,
and
recovering
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
from
the
French.
These
great
changes
and
troubles
of
Europe
were
accompanied
with
3.
great
Comets
,
which
appeard
in
the
space
of
16.
years
.
About
the
year
1454.
the
Borussians
fell
off
from
the
Marian
Knights
,
to
Casimir
,
King
of
Poland
,
who
some
years
before
had
much
weakned
the
power
of
these
knights
by
divers
victories
he
had
over
them
:
the
cause
of
their
defection
,
was
the
Tyrannical
Government
of
the
Marians
,
occasioned
by
their
often
Wars
,
[
of
which
when
people
grow
weary
,
they
kick
off
their
Governors
.
]
The
Borussians
joyn
themselves
to
the
Polander
,
on
these
conditions
,
That
they
shall
be
equally
capable
of
all
Honours
,
Offices
,
and
places
in
the
Kingdom
:
they
shall
have
the
suffrages
in
Parliaments
,
and
in
election
of
the
King
;
That
their
Merchants
shall
traffick
in
Poland
safely
;
That
all
Customes
and
imposts
imposed
by
the
Marians
,
shall
be
abolished
;
That
no
strangers
be
admitted
to
be
Governors
in
their
Towns
or
Castles
:
they
shall
enjoy
their
own
goods
,
as
heretofore
,
and
shall
be
ruled
by
their
own
laws
.
But
the
Borussians
cunningly
to
cut
of
all
occasion
,
either
in
the
Polonian
to
set
up
,
or
in
the
Marian
,
to
renew
their
Tyranny
,
discharge
all
their
Garrisons
,
and
destroy
all
their
Forts
,
Castles
,
and
Cittadels
,
before
they
made
this
union
with
Poland
.
This
defection
of
the
Borussians
,
was
the
occasion
of
12.
years
War
,
between
the
Marians
,
and
Polonians
;
at
last
a
peace
is
concluded
between
Casimir
of
Poland
and
Lewis
Erlings
huss
Master
of
the
Marian
Family
,
on
these
Articles
,
That
the
Castles
and
Towns
of
Marieburg
,
Stuma
,
and
Christeburg
;
with
some
other
places
and
Towns
lying
upon
Pomerania
,
should
be
delivered
up
to
the
Polander
,
the
Marians
should
retain
the
rest
so
long
as
they
would
be
faithfull
and
subject
to
Poland
.
This
was
the
250.
year
since
first
the
Marians
under
Hermanuus
Salcensis
,
were
called
in
by
Conradus
Masovius
,
against
the
rebelious
Borussians
,
on
this
condition
,
That
what
they
did
subdue
by
force
of
Arms
,
should
be
their
own
.
Since
that
time
then
that
they
began
to
destroy
the
inhabitants
,
and
their
Idolatry
,
and
to
replenish
the
Countrey
with
Germans
,
it
became
a
part
of
the
Empire
under
Frederick
,
till
now
the
Polander
hath
obtained
it
.
About
this
time
,
Iohn
,
King
of
Cyprus
,
married
his
daughter
Carolota
,
to
Lewis
of
Savoy
,
to
whom
he
promised
that
Kingdom
for
her
portion
:
after
King
Iohns
death
,
Iames
,
his
Bastard
son
seizeth
on
the
Kingdom
:
shortly
after
,
upon
the
invitation
of
the
Cypri●…ns
,
Lewis
arrives
,
and
Iames
avoyds
the
Island
.
But
shortly
after
he
returns
with
an
Army
out
of
Egypt
,
and
drives
Lewis
,
with
his
wife
,
and
Rhodian
forces
,
out
of
the
Island
:
to
make
his
Title
the
surer
,
he
marrieth
with
A●…catarina
,
daughter
to
Mark
Cornelius
the
Venetian
,
to
which
the
Senate
assented
,
and
withall
,
adopted
her
for
their
daughter
,
that
by
her
they
might
have
the
easier
access
to
that
Kingdom
.
Not
long
after
the
marriage
,
Iames
dyeth
,
and
leaves
his
wife
great
with
childe
to
the
Senat
;
this
childe
dyed
also
shorly
after
his
birth
,
whereupon
the
mother
returns
home
,
and
delivers
the
possession
of
Cyprus
to
the
Senat.
In
the
year
1440.
when
Frederick
began
his
Empire
,
the
Art
of
Printing
was
found
out
at
Mintz
in
Germany
.
In
the
year
1477.
Eberhard
,
Earl
of
Wirteberg
,
whom
afterwards
Maximilian
made
Duke
,
erected
the
University
of
Tubinga
.
CHAP.
XV.
The
prosecution
of
the
affaires
of
Germany
,
Italy
,
France
,
Spain
,
and
the
other
neighboring
places
,
under
Maximilian
the
Emperor
,
with
the
Coronation
of
Charles
the
fifth
,
from
the
year
one
thousand
four
hundred
eighty
six
,
till
one
thousand
five
hundred
twenty
.
MAximilian
was
made
Coleagu
with
his
Father
Frederick
in
the
Empire
by
the
Electoral
suffrages
.
He
was
a
wise
Prince
,
a
great
Scholar
,
and
a
good
man.
In
his
time
the
University
of
Witteberg
In
the
begining
of
these
Belgick
Wars
,
Maximilian
found
much
difficulty
for
two
years
after
his
election
:
he
was
taken
and
kept
a
close
prisoner
in
Brugis
,
where
he
was
discracefully
used
,
and
forced
to
look
upon
the
tortures
,
and
cruel
deaths
of
his
servants
,
till
he
was
set
at
liberty
by
his
Father
,
and
the
whole
strength
of
the
Empire
:
after
the
death
of
Matthias
,
Maxymilian
makes
War
upon
Hungaria
,
but
at
last
is
contented
to
give
way
to
the
Election
of
Ladislaus
,
King
of
Bohemia
,
reserving
the
right
of
succession
to
himself
,
and
successors
,
if
Ladislaus
should
die
without
issue
,
male
.
After
this
,
he
makes
War
in
Italy
,
but
with
ill
success
,
so
that
he
lost
all
he
possessed
there
.
First
,
he
Warred
in
Hetruria
in
defence
of
Pisa
,
against
the
French
and
Florentins
;
being
invited
thither
by
the
Pope
,
Lewis
Sfortia
,
and
the
Venetians
.
He
was
carried
to
that
expedition
in
a
Fleet
of
Genua
,
but
finding
that
he
could
not
take
the
Town
and
Port
of
Liburnum
,
though
he
attempted
it
to
the
loss
of
many
of
his
men
,
he
sent
away
his
Army
to
Lombardy
,
and
he
followed
after
,
and
so
returned
into
Germany
:
But
greater
wars
were
kindled
by
Charls
the
8.
of
France
,
a
high
spirited
and
hot
young
prince
.
He
hoped
to
gain
all
Italy
by
his
right
he
had
to
Naples
.
Lewis
Sfortia
had
oportunely
implored
his
aid
against
the
Arragonians
.
Charles
,
to
make
all
sure
at
home
,
makes
a
League
with
two
of
his
enemies
,
to
wit
,
with
Maximilian
,
whom
he
had
incensed
by
repudiating
his
daughter
Margaret
,
and
by
carrying
away
Ann
of
Britany
(
his
Spouse
)
by
Lewis
Sfortia
,
who
betrothed
Blance
Mary
(
sister
of
Iohn
Galacius
)
to
him
,
after
he
was
defeated
of
his
British
marriage
:
then
he
ingratiated
Ferdinand
of
Spain
,
by
restoring
the
rich
City
of
Perpennian
,
in
the
very
entry
of
Spain
;
and
those
lands
which
his
Father
Iohn
in
the
Celtiberian
War
had
mortgaged
for
money
to
Lewis
the
11.
Charles
then
enters
Italy
with
a
formidable
army
,
and
sets
at
liberty
Pisa
,
from
the
power
of
the
Florentins
;
and
these
from
the
Medices
,
and
Sena
from
Bandulphus
Petrutius
.
He
also
brought
his
Army
into
Rome
,
and
caused
the
Pope
enter
into
League
with
him
,
and
to
deliver
up
Gemes
,
the
brother
of
Ba●…azet
:
thence
he
marched
with
unexpected
celerity
to
Naples
,
upon
whose
approach
,
Alphonsus
,
with
his
son
Ferdinand
,
and
his
Unckle
Frederick
,
retreated
;
so
that
he
without
great
difficulty
obtained
the
kingdom
,
and
entered
Naples
in
Triumph
the
first
of
Ianuary
.
The
neighbouring
Princes
,
astonished
at
this
unexpected
successe
,
enter
into
a
league
against
the
French
:
chiefly
the
Pope
,
Maximilian
Caesar
,
the
Senate
of
Venice
,
Lewis
Sfortia
,
with
Ferdinand
of
Spain
;
which
made
Charles
retreat
;
and
perceiving
that
the
way
by
which
he
was
to
return
,
was
shut
up
by
the
Venetians
and
Sfortia
,
(
whom
Lewis
of
Orleans
in
the
interim
had
invaded
,
and
seized
on
Novaria
)
he
makes
his
passage
by
the
sword
,
and
so
having
overthrown
them
in
a
bloudy
battel
,
near
the
River
Tarus
,
he
returns
safe
into
France
.
But
Charles
continued
not
long
master
of
Naples
,
for
Ferdinand
,
son
of
Alphonsus
,
renews
the
War
,
being
assisted
by
Consalvus
,
whom
Ferdinand
of
Spain
had
sent
with
a
strong
Fleet
to
defend
Sicily
:
but
in
the
middest
of
his
victories
,
about
two
years
after
the
Victory
of
Charles
,
he
dyed
of
a
Fever
,
the
right
to
that
Kingdom
being
transferred
upon
his
Unckle
Frederick
.
Against
him
a
league
is
made
between
Lewis
Sfortia
,
Pope
Alexander
,
Lewis
the
12.
of
France
,
son
to
Charles
of
Orleans
,
successor
to
Charles
lately
dead
,
Ferdinand
of
Spain
,
the
Venetians
,
and
Florentines
,
on
this
condition
,
That
Millan
should
be
restored
to
King
Lewis
,
who
claimed
it
by
right
of
inheritance
;
and
Cremona
to
the
Venetians
:
That
Caesar
Bergia
,
Pope
Alexanders
son
,
should
be
assisted
to
destroy
the
Flaminian
,
Aemilian
,
and
Umbrian
Noblity
,
by
which
slaughter
he
aimed
at
the
Principality
of
Cisalpin
Gallia
,
and
that
Ferdinand
and
Lewis
should
divide
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
between
them
.
Ferdinand
preferred
a
Kingdom
to
Consanguinity
,
in
respect
of
which
,
he
should
have
assisted
Frederick
.
The
hatred
of
the
Venetians
against
Sfortia
,
caused
this
League
:
for
the
Pope
a
little
before
,
with
Sfortia
,
and
Venice
,
were
in
league
against
France
and
Florence
,
in
defence
of
Pisa
:
for
which
cause
they
drew
in
Maximilian
the
Emperor
;
but
when
success
failed
them
,
and
the
Venetians
aimed
at
the
superiority
of
Pisa
,
Sfortia
fell
off
,
and
opposed
himself
to
the
Venetians
;
which
incensed
them
,
and
made
them
enter
into
league
with
the
Princes
against
him
.
Sfortia
being
now
in
a
great
strait
,
and
finding
no
help
from
Maximilian
,
whom
the
Switzers
and
Grisons
had
made
War
upon
,
he
most
wickedly
incited
Bajazet
against
Venice
,
which
was
his
ruin
:
For
when
he
returned
into
Lombardy
,
having
the
assistance
of
the
Switzers
Foot
,
and
Burgundian
Horse
,
he
was
betrayed
to
Tramulius
the
French
General
,
and
by
him
conveyed
into
France
to
perpetual
imprisonment
.
His
brother
also
,
Ascanius
,
the
Cardinal
,
as
he
was
flying
to
Placentia
,
was
intercepted
by
the
Venetians
,
and
delivered
up
to
the
French
;
and
so
Millan
within
one
year
changed
her
Lords
thrice
.
Frederick
of
Arragon
,
who
was
now
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
being
ignorant
of
the
league
between
the
two
Kings
of
Spain
,
and
France
,
and
that
they
had
parted
this
Kingdom
between
them
,
sent
to
Consalvus
for
aid
;
but
in
vain
,
for
he
was
suddenly
surprised
by
the
French
,
who
were
come
down
into
Campania
,
so
that
he
was
forced
with
his
wife
and
children
to
get
over
into
the
Castle
of
Aenaria
for
safety
:
Naples
being
surrendered
,
he
obtains
leave
of
Mamurcius
and
Obegnius
,
the
French
Generals
,
to
repair
by
sea
unto
King
Lewis
of
France
,
hoping
to
finde
some
favor
from
him
.
This
request
was
quickly
granted
,
for
they
knew
that
he
should
be
there
imprisoned
.
He
left
his
young
sone
Ferdinand
at
Tarentum
,
to
keep
it
with
a
strong
Garrison
,
who
surrendered
both
the
town
and
himself
to
Consalvus
,
who
sent
him
into
Spain
to
partake
of
his
Fathers
fortune
.
According
to
the
agreement
,
the
kingdome
of
Naples
was
divided
between
the
two
Kings
:
the
two
Provences
of
Campania
,
or
Terra
laboria
,
Aprutia
,
or
Praecutina
,
fell
to
the
French
,
with
the
City
of
Naples
,
the
Regall
seat
of
Campania
.
The
other
two
,
namely
Brutij
,
and
Apulia
,
to
the
Spaniard
.
But
afterwards
,
because
one
kingdome
could
not
satisfie
two
Kings
,
the
French
and
Spaniard
fell
out
about
the
division
,
and
so
the
Spaniard
having
quite
expelled
the
French
,
obtained
the
whole
kingdom
.
Caesar
Borgia
,
having
nefariously
murtherd
the
Italian
Nobility
,
and
poysoned
his
Father
Alexander
by
a
Cup
,
which
he
had
prepared
for
the
Cardinals
,
but
by
the
mistake
of
the
Cup-bearer
,
was
presented
to
the
Pope
,
by
command
from
Ferdinand
of
Spain
was
apprehended
,
and
there
imprisoned
3.
years
in
the
Castle
of
Medina
,
whence
he
escaped
by
ropes
,
out
of
a
window
,
and
fled
to
Iohn
,
King
of
Cantabria
,
in
whose
Wars
,
with
Alarinus
,
he
was
shot
with
a
musket
bullet
,
and
so
dyed
.
Upon
the
irruption
of
the
French
into
Italy
,
Maximilian
calls
a
Dyet
of
the
Princes
at
Worms
,
for
making
War
against
the
Turks
;
but
he
could
not
effect
any
thing
:
shorly
after
he
makes
War
against
the
Helvetians
,
in
which
20000
men
were
consumed
.
Eight
battels
were
fought
,
in
which
Maximilian
had
the
worst
,
whose
aim
was
to
suppress
the
growing
greatness
of
the
Switzers
,
to
recover
the
Territories
taken
from
Austria
by
the
Switzers
,
and
to
reduce
them
to
the
obedience
of
the
Empire
.
At
last
a
pacification
is
made
at
Basil.
Then
began
the
Bavarian
War
,
occasioned
by
Rupert
the
Palatin
,
sonne
to
Philip
the
Elector
,
who
married
Rupert
to
George
,
Duke
of
Bavaria's
Daughter
,
with
whom
he
obtained
from
George
,
a
part
of
the
Dutchy
of
Bavaria
George
,
Maximilian
would
have
a
3.
part
of
the
lands
granted
to
be
assigned
over
to
Albert
of
Bavaria
,
another
3.
to
Rupert
for
his
Wifes
portion
,
and
the
rest
to
the
Palatines
Family
for
the
losses
they
had
received
from
Lewis
of
Bavaria
.
Philip
refused
these
conditions
,
therefore
he
takes
up
Arms
:
Maximilian
proscribes
him
,
and
raiseth
an
Army
which
much
weakened
the
Palatine
Family
:
Rupert
was
assisted
by
the
Bohemians
,
2000
of
whom
were
slain
.
At
last
,
the
Palsgrave
being
worsted
,
Frederick
,
Elector
of
Saxony
,
reconciles
him
to
Caesar
,
causing
him
at
the
Dyet
of
Colen
to
make
his
submission
to
Maximilian
,
for
which
he
incurred
a
while
the
Emperors
displeasure
;
in
that
he
would
mediate
for
such
an
enemy
of
the
Empire
:
yet
Caesar
pardoned
the
Palatin
,
and
gave
to
Ruperts
sons
,
a
part
of
that
controverted
countrey
.
The
Venetian
War
was
undertaken
by
almost
all
the
Kings
of
Christendum
,
at
the
instigation
of
Pope
Iulius
,
who
had
lately
driven
out
of
When
Ferdinand
understood
his
son
in
law
was
dead
,
having
setled
Naples
,
he
returns
into
Spain
,
and
by
the
way
meets
with
the
French
King
,
with
whom
he
consults
about
the
Venetian
War
,
which
the
Princes
wer●…
willing
to
undertake
,
that
they
might
curb
the
growing
estate
of
that
City
,
which
used
to
raise
her selfe
by
the
fall
of
others
,
and
aimed
at
the
Dominion
of
all
Italy
.
Therefore
Maximilian
Caesar
,
Pope
Julius
,
Lewis
of
France
,
Ferdinand
of
Spain
,
and
Alphonsus
of
Ferraria
,
enter
into
a
Confederacy
against
them
.
Caesar
was
willing
to
be
revenged
on
Venice
,
for
stopping
his
passage
into
Italy
,
when
he
was
travelling
to
Rome
for
his
Inauguration
.
He
took
from
the
Venetians
by
Ralph
Prince
of
Anhalt
,
his
General
,
Vincentia
,
Verona
,
and
Padua
,
and
defeated
the
Venetian
Army
,
whereof
9000.
were
slain
.
But
shortly
after
they
poysoned
him
at
Verona
,
and
so
the
Cities
revolted
to
the
Venetians
again
.
Lewis
of
France
Maximilian
Sfortia
unto
his
Fathers
principality
,
whence
he
was
unjustly
expelled
.
The
French
King
on
the
other
side
,
sleighting
the
Popes
curses
,
calls
a
Synod
at
Pisae
,
in
which
,
after
the
example
of
the
Synods
of
Constance
and
Basill
,
he
desires
the
Popes
actions
may
be
questioned
:
to
this
the
Florentines
at
first
assented
,
but
shortly
after
they
recanted
;
whereby
the
Cardinals
and
French
Garrison
by
a
popular
tumult
are
expelled
the
City
,
so
that
they
repair
to
Millan
.
The
Pope
was
assisted
by
the
Venetians
,
Switzers
,
and
Ferdinand
of
Spain
,
who
expelled
out
of
Cantabria
,
Iohn
,
King
of
Navar
,
being
of
the
French
Faction
.
Behinde
,
France
was
invaded
by
King
Henry
of
England
.
The
French
and
German
Army
defeat
the
Venetians
near
Athesis
,
then
they
march
to
Ravenna
,
where
they
totally
rout
the
Popes
army
,
of
whose
men
there
were
slain
sixteen
thousand
the
rest
flung
down
their
Armes
and
submitted
.
After
this
,
the
Emperor
calls
home
his
forces
,
and
makes
a
league
with
Spain
and
England
,
which
furnished
the
French
with
work
at
home
:
wherefore
the
French
Army
is
called
out
of
Italy
,
but
as
they
were
marching
,
they
are
set
upon
by
the
Switzers
and
Venetians
upon
the
Popes
instigation
,
and
driven
quite
out
of
Lombardy
.
So
the
Pope
recovers
again
Bononia
,
and
casts
out
the
Beutivoli
.
Genua
asserts
her
own
liberty
:
Maximilian
Sfortia
is
restored
to
the
principality
of
Millan
,
and
so
are
the
Medic●…s
brought
back
into
Florence
,
whom
the
French
had
driven
out
:
and
so
endeth
the
Confederacie
against
the
Venetians
.
After
this
,
Leo
10.
takes
from
Sfortia
,
Placencia
,
and
Parma
,
extending
the
Churches
Territories
as
far
as
Po.
Lewis
of
France
,
and
Ferdinand
of
Spain
,
secretly
make
a
league
,
confirming
Cantabria
upon
the
Spaniard
,
and
Millan
upon
the
French
:
but
the
French
King
dyeth
not
long
after
,
and
the
year
ensuing
,
the
Spanish
followed
:
in
whom
ended
the
race
of
the
Arragonian
Kings
,
which
had
reigned
from
the
Berengary
Earls
of
Barcebona
,
370
years
,
and
230
in
Sicily
.
His
death
was
portended
by
a
Commet
.
To
Ferdinand
succeeded
Charles
the
fift
,
his
Grandchild
by
his
daughter
.
To
Lewis
succeeded
,
Francis
,
Duke
of
Angoulesme
,
his
son
in
law
:
he
began
his
reign
with
the
Italian
Maximilian
Sfortia
at
Millan
:
the
battel
lasted
two
days
;
of
25000
men
,
scarse
one
halfe
escaped
.
He
takes
from
the
Pope
Parma
and
Placentia
,
restoring
them
to
the
ancient
jurisdiction
of
the
Insubrians
:
the
Castle
of
Millan
is
surrendered
to
him
,
and
Maximilian
conveyed
into
France
.
Upon
this
success
,
Francis
intends
to
invade
the
kingdome
of
Naples
,
had
not
Maximilian
Caesar
called
him
out
of
Italy
,
by
stirring
up
the
Switzers
and
English
against
him
.
The
Venetian
War
begun
by
Maximilian
,
was
ended
by
Charles
,
in
the
league
between
him
and
Francis
,
on
these
Articles
;
That
Charles
should
restore
the
kingdom
of
Navar
to
his
son
Iohn
,
if
the
Arbitrators
should
think
fit
,
and
withall
100000
crowns
yearly
to
the
French
King
out
of
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
for
confirming
of
his
right
to
that
Crown
:
also
that
Verona
should
be
restored
to
Venice
upon
the
payment
of
200000
crowns
to
Caesar
at
two
times
.
Maximilian
being
now
old
,
confirmed
these
Articles
,
and
the
rather
,
becaus
he
had
no
hope
of
aid
from
Switzerland
.
But
when
Charles
was
elected
Emperor
,
which
Francis
aimed
at
,
this
league
was
broke
,
and
great
Wars
fell
out
between
Charls
and
Francis
,
in
which
the
poss●…ssion
of
Naples
,
and
Millan
was
recovered
by
Charles
.
About
this
time
,
Charles
Duke
of
Gelderland
,
upon
the
instigation
and
charges
of
the
French
,
made
Wars
against
the
Brabantins
,
in
hatred
of
the
house
of
Burgundy
.
About
these
times
in
the
Diocess
of
Spire
,
the
people
began
to
mutiny
for
their
liberties
,
after
the
example
of
the
Switzers
:
but
this
sparkle
hid
25
years
under
the
Cinders
,
brake
out
into
a
flame
through
all
Germany
.
At
Vienna
there
was
a
meeting
between
Maximilian
Caesar
,
Ladislaus
,
King
of
Hungaria
and
Bohemia
,
and
Sigismund
,
King
of
Poland
,
who
renew
the
old
league
,
which
they
confirm
by
mutual
marriages
,
That
Mary
,
Neece
to
Maximilian
,
should
marry
with
Lewis
,
the
son
of
Ladislaus
:
Anna
the
daughter
of
Ladislaus
should
chuse
either
of
his
Nephews
for
her
Husband
,
with
hope
of
succession
to
the
Kingdom
of
Hungaria
,
if
Lewis
should
dye
without
issue
male
:
That
after
the
death
of
Ladislaus
,
Maximilian
and
Sigismund
should
have
the
protection
of
the
children
and
kingdom
,
but
the
Hungarian
Nobility
,
after
the
death
of
Ladislaus
,
which
followed
shortly
,
neglected
both
these
Guardians
,
and
fell
into
Factions
about
the
Tuition
of
the
young
King
,
scarse
yet
ten
years
old
;
dividing
his
Revenews
and
power
among
them
,
which
gave
occasion
to
the
Turk
(
Maximilian
being
dead
,
and
the
Polonian
involved
in
a
three-fold
War
,
to
wit
,
the
Tartarian
,
the
Russian
,
and
Borusnacetu
)
to
invade
Hungaria
,
and
take
Belgrade
,
the
chief
strength
of
that
kingdom
.
Maximilian
held
his
last
Dyet
at
Auspurg
,
in
which
a
consultation
is
had
about
the
Turkish
Warre
;
for
Selymus
having
overthrown
the
Sultans
kingdom
,
did
threaten
Christendom
.
He
recommended
his
Nephew
Charles
to
the
Princes
to
take
care
of
him
after
his
death
,
which
followed
shortly
after
,
having
fallen
into
a
Fever
,
and
loosness
the
59.
year
of
his
age
,
and
the
32.
of
his
Empire
.
Blanca
Maria
,
Daughter
to
Galleacius
of
Millan
,
and
sister
of
Iohn
Galeas
,
by
whom
he
had
no
issue
.
Some
few
years
before
Caesars
death
,
Sigismund
,
King
of
Poland
,
and
Constantine
,
Duke
of
Ross
,
or
Rossia
,
defeated
the
great
Army
of
the
Muscovits
,
having
killed
about
40000
of
the
enemies
near
Borysthenes
.
About
this
time
arose
the
quarrel
between
the
Franciscans
,
holding
the
Virgin
Mary
to
be
conceived
without
sin
,
and
the
Dominicans
,
who
held
the
contrary
:
which
troubled
the
world
,
till
some
Monks
were
burned
for
speaking
through
hollow
Images
of
the
Virgin
,
and
deluding
the
people
.
An.
1517.
Martin
Luther
began
to
oppose
the
Popes
indulgences
:
100
years
after
,
the
burning
of
Iohn
Husse
at
the
Councel
of
Constance
,
being
encouraged
thereto
by
Frederick
,
Duke
of
Saxony
,
and
seconded
by
Erasmus
,
Melancthon
,
Bugenhagius
,
and
others
.
His
intention
at
first
,
was
onely
to
oppose
the
abuse
of
Pardons
,
but
being
exasperated
by
Tecelius
the
Dominican
,
who
burned
his
papers
,
and
stirred
up
other
Monks
to
write
invectives
against
him
:
he
writes
to
Pope
Leo
,
and
Albert
,
Arch-bishop
of
Magdeburg
,
Primat
of
Germany
,
that
he
would
submit
his
Theses
to
the
Judgement
and
Censure
of
the
Roman
Church
;
and
at
the
last
Dyet
of
Maximilian
,
held
at
Ausburg
,
he
promiseth
to
Cardinal
Cajetan
that
he
would
be
silent
,
if
his
adversaries
would
be
quiet
:
but
they
still
incensed
his
fiery
spirit
,
with
more
oyle
,
so
that
now
he
proceeds
further
in
opposing
Image
worship
,
Purgatory
,
Transubstantiation
,
and
other
controverted
points
.
After
the
death
of
Maximilian
,
the
Turk
having
setled
Syria
and
Egypt
,
prepares
to
invade
Panonia
:
the
French
King
having
beat
the
Switzers
,
and
possessed
himself
of
Millan
,
aims
at
Naples
,
and
strives
to
translate
the
Empire
from
Germany
to
France
:
Therefore
he
raiseth
an
Army
,
makes
way
with
Pope
Leo
the
tenth
:
desires
the
Title
of
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
and
promiseth
to
make
War
against
the
Turk
.
For
this
purpose
,
the
Venetians
are
invited
to
joyn
with
him
:
Ambassadors
are
sent
into
Germany
to
treat
with
the
Electors
for
the
Empire
.
The
Arch-Bishop
of
Mints
sends
to
acquaint
the
Electors
that
the
Emperor
was
dead
,
and
that
they
should
meet
at
Franckfort
about
his
successor
,
who
all
met
at
the
day
appointed
,
and
place
,
in
the
Church
of
S.
Bartholemew
,
where
the
Pattent
called
the
Golden
bull
,
was
read
,
the
Decrees
of
which
,
the
Electors
standing
at
the
Altar
,
swear
to
observe
.
After
this
,
they
go
from
the
Altar
to
the
Chappel
,
where
the
Election
useth
to
be
;
there
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Mints
having
prayed
for
direction
from
God
,
and
a
blessing
on
their
proceedings
,
he
makes
a
speech
to
them
,
shewing
the
weight
and
necessity
of
that
business
they
were
now
about
;
of
that
concord
which
ought
to
be
amongst
them
:
how
dissenting
suffrages
have
heretofore
caused
much
civil
War
:
how
much
bloud
had
been
shed
about
the
succession
of
the
Emperor
,
till
Otho
the
3.
by
the
Popes
approbation
established
this
Electoral
Colledge
,
by
which
these
500
years
,
the
Imperial
possession
hath
remained
in
this
Nation
:
He
alleadgeth
many
examples
of
misery
and
destruction
in
Germany
,
by
disagreeing
Elections
;
and
how
needful
at
this
time
concord
is
,
when
Germany
hath
so
many
enemies
,
and
the
Turk
is
threatning
Christendom
:
when
the
eyes
of
all
Nations
are
now
fixed
upon
this
Election
:
When
the
Bishop
had
ended
his
speech
,
the
Electors
commended
him
for
his
wisdom
and
eloquence
,
and
promise
to
follow
his
directions
.
Mean
while
the
Ambassadors
of
Charles
,
King
of
Spain
,
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
and
Burgundy
,
with
some
German
Princes
,
come
to
Mints
,
recommending
to
the
Electors
,
the
wisdom
,
courage
,
moderation
,
and
other
virtues
of
this
Prince
;
likewise
his
power
and
ability
above
othe
Christian
Kings
,
which
Maximilian
perceiving
,
recommended
him
to
the
Electors
:
this
so
wise
a
Prince
,
so
loving
to
Germany
would
not
have
done
had
he
known
the
contrary
.
But
the
French
Legates
at
Confluence
,
with
great
promises
,
strive
to
procure
the
Electors
suffrages
,
shewing
that
they
should
not
prejudice
the
Laws
if
they
Elected
Francis
for
their
Emperor
,
if
they
consider
the
great
union
heretofore
of
the
German
and
French
Nation
,
under
the
Family
of
Pipin
and
Charles
,
almost
100
years
:
how
by
their
united
strength
they
suppressed
the
Lombards
,
Sarazens
in
Italy
and
France
:
how
needful
their
union
is
now
to
suppress
the
Turks
greatness
;
how
much
Francis
was
affected
to
the
well-fare
of
Italy
,
whereof
he
had
now
a
good
part
,
which
being
united
with
France
,
and
Germany
,
would
master
the
Turk
both
by
Land
and
Sea.
Besides
that
,
no
Prince
in
Christendom
was
so
fit
to
be
Emperor
as
Francis
,
both
in
respect
of
his
power
,
as
of
his
Militarie
skil
,
valor
,
and
happiness
,
whereof
he
hath
given
good
experience
in
recovering
of
Insubria
;
and
that
the
Germans
should
lose
nothing
of
their
Liberties
by
this
Election
,
but
rather
increase
them
by
obtained
offices
and
places
of
Command
in
France
,
promising
that
no
French
Garrisons
should
be
kept
in
Germany
,
but
the
natives
of
Germany
onely
.
The
Electors
thanked
the
King
for
his
good
will
to
Germany
,
promising
to
proceed
in
the
Election
according
to
their
Laws
,
and
Oath
which
they
had
taken
.
Not
long
before
this
,
the
French
King
had
sent
Legates
to
the
Switzers
,
shewing
them
how
needfull
it
would
be
to
the
peace
of
Christendome
,
and
destruction
of
the
Turk
,
if
Francis
were
chosen
Emperor
,
that
therefore
they
would
be
no
hinderance
to
this
Election
,
which
was
so
much
desired
by
the
Christian
Princes
,
and
the
Pope
himself
for
suppressing
of
the
Turk
who
was
aiming
at
the
total
subversion
of
Christian
laws
,
and
religion
:
He
promiseth
also
that
the
Switzers
shall
be
great
gainers
by
this
Union
.
To
this
the
Switzers
answer
,
That
they
would
not
hinder
or
molest
the
liberty
of
the
Electors
in
their
choise
.
They
send
Letters
also
to
the
German
Princes
,
shewing
how
the
French
were
busie
to
procure
suffrages
,
and
withall
disswade
them
from
Electing
Francis
,
for
that
would
cause
much
trouble
in
Germany
,
and
that
there
was
no
need
to
chuse
strangers
,
having
so
many
able
men
of
their
own
Nation
fit
for
that
high
imployment
.
They
write
also
to
Pope
Leo
the
10.
That
he
would
not
perswade
the
Electors
to
chuse
Francis
,
for
that
would
cause
great
Wars
between
France
and
Germany
,
to
the
great
prejudice
of
Italy
.
The
Pope
by
his
answer
seems
to
be
inclined
rather
to
Charles
,
then
Francis
,
though
he
nameth
neither
.
Mean
while
the
Electors
proceed
to
the
Election
,
the
Bishop
of
Mints
speaks
first
,
shewing
that
it
was
against
their
Oath
,
the
liberty
,
Honour
,
and
safety
of
Germany
to
chuse
Francis
being
a
stranger
,
&
wohse
aim
was
to
transferre
the
Empire
into
France
,
which
could
not
be
possessed
in
Germany
heretofore
by
Charles
the
Grosse
,
and
the
Otho's
,
without
great
Wars
.
If
then
Frances
be
chosen
,
the
French
will
domineer
in
Germany
,
and
will
set
it
all
on
fire
of
Civil
Wars
:
for
he
hath
already
denounced
War
against
Charles
,
and
hath
broken
the
old
league
between
France
and
Burgundy
;
and
threatened
War
against
Naples
;
besides
,
the
Austrians
and
Belgians
have
already
refused
to
be
under
the
French
yoak
:
and
there
is
no
more
reason
for
France
to
demand
the
German
Empire
,
because
they
derive
the
Originall
of
their
Kings
from
the
Germans
,
then
they
have
to
demand
Troy
from
the
Turk
,
because
they
derive
themselves
from
Hectors
son
.
If
Francis
(
saith
he
)
be
chosen
,
then
must
the
Electors
make
war
against
Austria
,
so
well
deserving
of
Germany
,
and
violate
the
Will
of
Maximilian
.
They
will
arm
Francis
,
who
is
too
ambitious
of
domination
,
with
power
to
raise
War
in
the
bowels
of
the
Empire
.
As
for
his
suppressing
of
the
Turks
,
in
that
he
can
do
nothing
,
except
first
he
suppress
the
Belgians
at
home
,
and
the
Neopolitans
in
Italy
.
He
concludes
then
Negatively
,
against
the
Election
of
Francis
:
as
for
Charles
he
is
doubtfull
,
because
Spain
is
so
remote
from
Germany
,
which
by
reason
of
the
Turks
,
or
of
civill
dissentions
,
requires
the
Emperors
presence
.
Besides
,
it
is
to
be
feared
that
Spain
having
once
got
the
Empire
,
will
not
part
with
it
again
,
nor
will
they
ever
suffer
Germany
to
enjoy
Millan
,
which
they
have
conpuered
by
their
bloud
.
Therefore
he
thinks
it
might
be
safer
to
chuse
one
of
their
own
German
Princes
,
if
any
one
had
power
enough
to
buckle
with
Spain
or
France
;
but
if
these
two
Kingdoms
fall
out
,
Germany
will
be
wronged
for
want
of
a
potent
Emperor
:
which
was
the
cause
that
in
Frederick
the
3.
time
,
the
Burgundians
marched
without
controle
through
a
great
part
of
Germany
:
Philip
Maria
domineered
in
Italy
;
and
the
Emperor
himselfe
was
beset
even
in
Austria
,
who
was
beholding
to
Bohemia
for
his
liberty
:
and
lastly
he
was
driven
out
of
Austria
by
the
Hungarians
;
besides
the
late
controversies
in
Religion
are
like
to
make
great
broiles
in
Germany
,
which
cannot
be
suppressed
without
a
generall
Councel
,
and
a
prince
more
potent
then
any
of
the
German
Peers
,
who
must
both
assemble
and
defend
the
Councel
:
and
no
small
power
is
required
against
the
Turk
;
therefore
he
concludes
in
the
Affirmative
,
that
in
respect
of
power
,
Charls
is
the
fittest
for
the
Empire
;
and
the
rather
because
he
is
a
German
prince
,
as
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
,
and
not
a
stranger
:
and
besides
,
a
prince
of
excellent
parts
and
temper
for
government
,
whereof
he
hath
given
ample
testimony
in
setling
Spain
,
and
composing
the
differences
thereof
:
discended
also
of
brave
princes
,
if
you
look
upon
the
virtues
either
of
Philip
his
Father
,
or
of
Maximilian
his
Grand-Father
:
He
is
also
of
an
age
fit
for
Action
and
Government
;
not
a
childe
,
nor
an
old
decrepit
man.
As
for
his
remoteness
from
Germany
,
he
may
be
so
dealt
with
,
(
in
respect
of
many
urgent
occasions
,
and
of
his
large
principalities
in
Germany
,
and
Belgium
)
to
make
his
oftnest
residence
there
,
seeing
he
will
finde
employment
enough
in
driving
the
French
out
of
Italy
,
in
keeping
off
the
Turks
from
Austria
,
and
in
setling
Religion
.
Having
finished
,
the
other
Electors
desire
the
Bishop
of
Trevers
to
speak
,
being
a
man
of
learning
,
judgement
,
and
experience
,
as
one
accustomed
to
publick
employments
both
in
Rome
and
Germany
,
and
well
acquainted
with
the
estate
of
France
.
He
therefore
having
commended
the
Bishop
of
Mints
for
his
wise
speech
,
sheweth
,
That
if
his
opinion
be
followed
,
the
old
prophesie
will
be
fulfilled
,
which
was
,
That
Maximilian
should
be
the
last
German
Emperor
.
But
saith
he
,
there
should
be
no
need
of
a
forreign
prince
,
if
the
princes
of
Germany
were
not
idle
and
lasie
,
but
would
imitate
the
valor
of
their
progenitors
:
Yet
if
there
must
be
a
forreign
Emperor
,
he
prefers
Francis
to
Charles
,
because
Spain
is
farther
off
,
which
having
got
once
the
Empire
,
will
hardly
part
with
it
again
;
besides
,
if
Charls
should
be
elected
,
because
of
his
principalities
in
Germany
,
then
Francis
may
be
chosen
,
who
hath
the
Dutchy
of
Millan
,
and
Kingdom
of
Arles
,
anciently
belonging
to
the
German
Emperors
.
Again
,
the
benefit
that
will
redownd
to
all
Europ
,
by
the
Union
of
France
with
Germany
is
very
great
;
for
so
Italy
will
be
quieted
,
the
pope
satisfied
,
and
the
Turks
suppressed
:
the
French
also
,
and
German
natures
do
sympathise
in
love
,
manners
and
opinions
;
but
Spain
as
it
is
more
distant
in
place
,
so
it
is
more
different
in
qualities
,
and
in
respect
of
longinquity
,
less
able
to
help
Germany
at
a
pinch
,
and
to
endure
our
cold
climat
:
besides
,
That
Spain
will
have
the
glorie
of
all
our
Victories
,
and
make
us
their
slaves
;
whereas
the
French
will
share
with
us
:
if
Francis
be
Emperor
,
Millan
will
be
as
well
ours
as
theirs
,
and
the
Belgians
will
be
less
able
to
stir
against
him
,
and
he
will
have
the
less
cause
to
War
against
them
,
or
to
trouble
Italy
seeing
Francis
enjoyeth
Millan
quietly
;
so
that
he
will
have
no
thing
to
hinder
him
from
falling
on
the
Turk
.
But
if
we
chuse
the
Spaniard
,
troubles
will
arise
in
Italy
,
and
so
the
Turkish
War
will
be
hindred
.
The
French
will
fall
upon
Naples
,
and
if
he
prevail
,
will
force
the
Pope
to
annihilate
our
Election
,
which
will
cause
unspeakable
troubles
;
besides
,
how
hard
it
will
be
to
get
the
Empire
out
of
the
Spaniards
hands
having
once
hold
of
it
,
may
be
conjectured
by
the
Carthaginians
,
who
having
once
got
footing
in
Sicily
,
could
not
in
many
years
be
driven
out
thence
,
nor
the
Spaniards
out
of
Naples
,
nor
can
the
Turks
yet
be
expelled
Europe
.
If
we
compare
these
two
Kings
together
,
we
will
finde
that
Francis
is
the
better
Scholar
,
the
wiser
man
,
and
more
experienced
,
because
more
aged
:
in
Charles
there
is
but
an
inclination
and
disposition
as
yet
,
to
princely
and
military
arts
;
but
in
Francis
there
is
a
habit
who
hath
with
such
felicity
managed
his
Wars
in
Italy
,
as
to
overthrow
the
Switzers
,
and
subdue
Millan
:
Therefore
he
concludes
in
the
affirmative
,
for
Francis
,
shewing
what
inconveniences
will
arise
to
Germany
,
by
the
remoteness
of
Charles
:
but
he
prefers
to
both
a
Native
Prince
of
Germany
,
who
is
such
in
Habitation
,
Language
,
Manners
and
Original
:
such
a
man
may
be
potent
enough
,
saith
he
,
if
there
be
but
worth
and
courage
in
him
,
and
unity
among
us
:
for
when
one
told
Lewis
of
France
,
That
Maximilian
was
but
Consul
of
Auspurbg
signifying
his
weakness
,
true
,
saith
the
King
,
but
when
he
beats
his
Drum
all
France
trembles
;
intimating
the
Emperors
power
,
which
is
formidable
to
the
neighbouring
Nations
,
for
(
saith
he
)
inferior
Princes
,
such
as
Albert
Duke
of
Saxony
,
Albert
Marquiss
of
Brandeburg
,
the
Bavarian
and
others
,
have
upon
occasion
raised
great
Forces
,
why
then
should
we
mistrust
the
Emperors
power
,
or
prefer
a
stranger
to
a
Native
.
After
he
had
spoken
,
the
Electors
sat
silent
a
while
,
musing
what
was
best
to
be
done
:
at
last
Frederick
,
Duke
of
Saxony
,
delivered
his
opinion
,
That
Francis
by
their
law
could
not
be
chosen
:
that
Charles
was
a
German
prince
,
and
that
they
stood
in
need
of
a
powerfull
Emperor
in
those
turbulent
times
,
and
that
Charles
was
in
this
respect
to
be
preferred
before
all
others
:
but
yet
that
certain
conditions
for
the
liberty
and
safety
of
Germany
,
must
be
proposed
to
him
.
To
this
the
other
Electors
assented
.
The
Bishop
of
Trevers
told
them
,
that
he
foresaw
the
Fate
of
Germany
,
and
change
of
the
Empire
,
therefore
wished
them
seriously
to
consider
,
but
withall
for
quietness
sake
,
he
would
joyn
his
suffrage
with
them
,
so
that
day
was
spent
in
debates
.
The
next
day
they
meet
to
consult
about
the
conditions
to
be
proposed
to
Charles
his
Ambassadors
then
at
Mints
,
which
being
accepted
,
a
day
for
the
election
is
set
in
S.
Bartholemews
chappel
:
Mints
is
first
asked
whom
he
thought
fit
should
be
Emperor
,
answers
Charles
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
;
then
he
asks
the
rest
,
they
all
answer
the
same
.
These
suffrages
were
indorsed
and
sealed
,
and
then
publikely
proclaimed
:
whereupon
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Mints
made
a
speech
to
the
Nobility
and
people
,
thanking
God
for
chusing
a
Prince
so
eminent
in
Virtue
,
so
excellent
in
power
,
so
sweet
in
his
own
nature
and
disposition
,
who
being
now
of
the
same
age
with
Alexander
when
he
began
his
Empire
,
was
fit
for
great
Actions
,
and
Heroick
exploits
.
He
thanked
God
also
for
the
unanimous
assent
of
the
Electors
;
whereas
heretofore
their
disagreeing
Elections
have
been
the
cause
of
much
bloudshed
and
Civil
Wars
in
Germany
;
therefore
he
wisheth
the
people
to
be
thankful
,
joyful
,
dutiful
,
and
obedient
to
such
a
Prince
,
who
is
no
stranger
to
them
but
of
the
Austrian
Family
,
which
for
above
80.
years
had
deserved
so
well
of
Germany
,
who
hath
given
already
testimonies
of
his
princely
Virtues
,
by
setling
and
uniting
the
factions
and
warlike
spirits
of
Spain
,
which
now
was
to
be
united
to
the
German
Empire
.
When
the
speech
was
ended
,
all
gave
a
shoot
,
and
with
joyful
acclamations
allowed
the
Election
,
and
prayed
for
the
prosperity
of
the
Emperor
.
The
Embassadors
of
Charles
are
sent
for
,
and
their
advice
is
required
about
setling
of
the
Empire
in
quietness
from
the
French
Factions
,
till
Charles
should
be
ready
to
come
himself
:
upon
this
Casimir
,
Marquiss
of
Brandeburg
is
appointed
to
place
Garrisons
where
there
was
suspition
,
and
to
have
an
Army
ready
if
need
should
require
:
some
Electors
were
joyned
with
him
as
his
councellors
:
the
Ambassadors
are
accompanied
by
the
Electors
to
Mintz
,
who
returning
to
Franckford
,
send
Frederick
,
Palatine
of
the
Rhen
,
with
some
other
Princes
,
as
their
Ambassadors
to
Charles
,
one
of
whom
made
such
hast
that
he
came
to
Barcinum
,
or
Barellona
from
Franckford
in
nine
days
:
He
found
the
King
in
Bed
,
in
the
morning
,
whom
he
acquaints
with
the
glad
news
of
his
Election
,
for
which
he
is
rewarded
with
good
store
of
Gold
:
the
Palatin
is
met
with
by
the
King
almost
three
miles
without
the
town
,
to
whom
he
delivers
his
letters
,
in
which
the
Princes
express
their
good
will
to
,
and
great
hopes
they
have
of
him
,
whom
they
humbly
desire
to
accept
of
the
Empire
,
and
to
hasten
his
coming
into
Germany
.
Charles
,
by
his
Orator
Mercurinus
,
answers
the
Ambassadors
,
That
he
was
very
joyfull
for
the
good
will
of
his
Countrey
towards
him
,
and
their
good
opinion
in
conceiving
him
onely
worthy
of
that
high
employment
,
and
honour
,
therefore
promiseth
to
return
mutual
love
to
his
countrey
,
and
perpetual
good
will
to
the
Princes
his
Cosins
.
In
the
mean
while
,
Charles
was
perplexed
within
himself
,
when
he
considered
the
great
weight
that
lay
on
him
if
he
accepted
the
Empire
,
to
wit
,
Wars
both
with
France
and
the
Turks
,
and
the
offence
he
should
give
Spain
in
forsaking
them
:
on
the
other
side
,
he
thought
it
hard
to
refuse
what
God
,
and
the
free
Election
of
his
Countrey
had
cast
upon
him
,
tending
so
much
to
the
honour
of
his
Family
,
and
well-fare
of
Christendom
:
Therefore
he
wisheth
Frederick
to
acquaint
the
German
Princes
,
that
he
would
accept
the
Empire
:
then
he
calleth
to
God
for
wisdom
,
with
Solomon
to
rule
his
people
,
Grace
to
imitate
the
virtues
of
Trajan
and
Theodosius
,
two
Spanish
Princes
called
to
be
Emperors
:
then
having
writ
his
Letters
to
the
Princes
,
promises
to
act
nothing
without
them
,
and
to
be
with
what
speed
he
can
in
Germany
.
He
dismisseth
the
Palatine
,
after
he
had
bestowed
rich
gifts
on
him
.
In
the
begining
of
the
spring
,
Caesar
set
sail
,
and
arrives
in
England
,
where
he
is
Royally
entertained
by
King
Henry
the
8.
who
promised
to
wait
on
him
at
his
Coronation
:
so
a
league
is
confirmed
between
them
.
Then
he
comes
into
Belgium
,
where
he
is
received
with
joyful
acclamations
,
finding
him
now
a
man
,
who
went
from
them
a
childe
.
He
made
some
stay
there
to
settle
the
Countrey
,
and
to
receive
King
Henry
who
came
not
,
being
hindred
by
the
French
,
with
whom
he
enters
into
a
league
.
At
last
Charles
comes
to
Aix
,
attended
by
the
flower
of
the
Burgundian
,
and
Belgian
Nobility
.
He
was
met
by
the
Electors
,
and
rest
of
the
German
Princes
:
by
the
Priests
also
,
carrying
the
Monuments
of
Charles
the
great
.
The
next
day
,
being
the
12
of
October
,
he
was
crowned
,
though
the
plague
was
in
the
town
.
Mints
and
Colen
put
on
his
Robe
,
and
led
him
to
the
Altar
,
the
Palatine
carrying
before
him
the
Globe
of
the
world
;
Saxony
,
the
Sword
,
and
Brandeburg
,
the
Scepter
:
Trevers
Annoynted
him
:
Colon
and
Mints
Crowns
him
.
After
he
had
sworn
at
the
Altar
,
then
the
Sword
and
Scepter
were
delivered
to
him
:
after
this
,
the
great
Feast
is
prepared
,
in
which
Mints
standeth
with
the
great
Seal
in
his
hand
;
Brandeburg
with
the
Scepter
;
the
King
of
Bohemia's
Ambassador
is
Cup-bearer
;
and
the
Palatine
,
Sewer
.
Mean
while
,
the
Duke
of
Saxony
distributes
Hay
in
the
Market
place
to
the
Horses
:
awhole
Ox
,
stuffed
with
all
sorts
of
Birds
,
is
rosted
,
of
which
the
first
dish
is
presented
to
the
new
Crowned
King
of
the
Romans
:
after
the
Coronation
,
Caesar
,
CHAP.
XVI
.
The
affairs
of
Italy
,
Germany
,
Netherlands
,
with
the
actions
of
the
Popes
of
those
times
,
and
the
Councel
of
Trent
,
&c.
under
Charles
the
5.
Ferdinand
and
Maximilian
,
from
the
year
one
thousand
five
hundred
twenty
,
till
one
thousand
five
hundred
seventy
six
.
CHarles
the
fifth
being
Crowned
(
as
is
said
)
in
his
first
Dyet
held
at
Wormes
,
proscribes
Luther
to
ingratiate
himself
with
Pope
Leo
:
but
Frederick
the
Elector
hid
him
at
Wartberg
till
the
troubles
were
past
over
,
raised
by
Carolostadius
for
breaking
down
the
Images
;
then
Luther
returns
to
Viteberg
.
Mean
while
the
Pope
makes
a
League
with
Charles
to
drive
the
French
out
of
Insubria
,
and
all
Italy
,
which
was
easie
to
be
done
,
by
reason
the
Switzers
had
fallen
off
from
the
French
for
want
of
pay
.
Millan
is
restored
by
Caesar
to
Francis
Sfortia
,
brother
of
Maximilian
;
Parma
and
Placentia
to
the
Pope
,
who
shortly
after
dyed
not
without
suspition
of
poyson
given
him
by
his
Chamberlain
,
in
whose
place
was
set
up
Hadrian
,
Bishop
of
Utricht
,
sometimes
Caesars
School-master
,
but
then
Governor
of
Spain
:
He
gave
way
for
a
general
Synod
to
suppress
the
differences
in
Religion
,
and
to
correct
the
corruptions
of
the
Clergie
.
He
made
a
League
between
Charles
Caesar
,
Henry
of
England
,
Lewis
of
Hungaria
,
and
some
of
the
Italian
Princes
,
having
excluded
the
French
,
from
whom
the
Venetians
fell
off
:
in
the
interim
,
Adrian
dyeth
the
second
year
of
his
Pontificate
.
In
his
time
the
Inquisition
begins
to
burn
Lutherans
as
Hereticks
:
two
Monks
were
burned
at
Bruxels
.
Luther
rageth
at
Henry
the
8.
for
writing
against
him
,
and
assuming
from
the
Pope
the
Title
of
Defendor
of
the
Faith.
Zuinglius
,
a
Canon
of
Tigurum
,
caused
the
Senate
of
that
City
to
cast
off
the
Roman
Religion
.
King
Francis
of
France
taking
occasion
upon
the
Commotions
of
Spain
,
seiseth
almost
all
Navar
,
and
sends
a
great
Army
against
Millan
:
but
Caesar
drives
the
French
again
out
of
Italy
,
and
sends
Charles
of
Burbon
into
Province
,
who
in
vain
attempted
Massyles
.
Francis
retakes
Millan
,
being
forsaken
by
Sfortia
,
but
in
the
siege
of
Papia
is
taken
himself
prisoner
,
having
seperated
his
Army
by
the
advice
of
Clements
7.
who
succeeded
Adrian
.
Hereupon
Clements
fearing
that
Caesar
would
be
too
great
in
Italy
,
makes
a
League
with
the
French
&
Venetians
,
to
restore
Sfortia
.
Caesar
sets
Francis
again
at
liberty
on
such
conditions
as
he
would
not
perform
,
and
being
angry
with
the
Pope
abolishes
his
power
throughout
all
Spain
.
He
takes
the
Castle
of
Millan
,
and
the
Columnii
invade
Rome
,
where
they
besiege
the
Pope
in
his
Castle
S.
Angelo
,
and
plunder
his
Palace
of
the
Vatican
.
The
Churches
are
spoiled
,
the
priests
abused
,
the
rich
men
plundered
,
the
Pope
forced
to
yeild
upon
Caesars
conditions
,
and
the
Cardinals
Caps
are
openly
sold.
Thus
was
Clement
punished
for
breaking
his
League
with
the
Emperor
.
Mean
while
the
Florentines
turn
out
the
Medices
,
and
set
themselves
free
:
Genua
is
forced
to
submit
to
the
French
power
,
which
after
this
layeth
siege
to
Naples
,
but
the
sickness
so
raged
in
his
Army
,
that
it
consumed
20000.
the
rest
were
dispersed
.
Neither
was
their
French
Fortune
better
in
Insubria
,
for
they
lose
Genua
again
with
the
Castle
,
and
are
driven
out
of
Savona
,
and
Burbon
taken
prisoner
,
so
that
the
Confederates
are
now
forced
to
think
of
Peace
with
Caesar
:
but
Germany
is
much
troubled
now
with
Controversies
of
Religion
:
the
Protestants
are
divided
among
themselves
;
Carolostadius
,
with
Zuinglius
,
and
Oecolampadius
,
in
poynts
of
the
Eucharist
oppose
themselves
to
Luther
:
many
Lutherans
are
burned
for
Hereticks
:
the
Rusticks
and
servants
,
under
shew
of
Evangelical
lib●…rty
,
rebel
against
their
Lords
and
Masters
:
Luther
with
all
his
preaching
and
writing
,
could
not
reclaim
them
,
but
they
in
great
flocks
drive
out
the
Gentry
,
pull
down
their
Castles
,
kill
and
butcher
all
that
make
resistance
.
At
last
by
the
confederat
Swevians
are
overthrown
near
Ulme
,
Franconie
,
and
other
place
.
About
50000
of
them
are
slain
,
and
their
Ring-leader
is
rosted
alive
at
a
gentle
fire
:
yet
shortly
after
they
fly
out
again
by
the
instigation
of
one
Thomas
Munzerus
,
a
mad
Preacher
,
but
are
utterly
defeated
by
Philip
,
the
Landgrave
:
Munzerus
preaching
is
spoiled
by
the
loss
of
his
head
.
Another
Rebellion
against
the
Bishop
of
Trevers
,
is
quieted
by
the
punishment
and
death
of
their
Captain
Siccingus
.
Mean
while
Luther
goeth
on
boldly
in
his
Reformation
.
He
sets
out
the
New
Testament
,
and
Psalms
in
Dutch
,
and
causeth
Divine
service
to
be
performed
in
the
Vulgar
tongue
,
whose
labor
in
this
is
commended
by
Iohn
Duke
of
Saxony
,
who
suceeded
his
brother
Frederick
by
George
of
Brandeburg
,
by
Ernestus
and
Francis
of
Luneburg
,
by
Philip
the
Landgrave
,
Philip
of
Pomerania
,
and
some
others
.
These
protested
against
the
decrees
of
Ratisbon
,
and
Spire
,
in
prejudice
to
religion
:
hence
came
the
name
of
Protestants
.
Albert
,
Master
of
the
Teutonick
order
,
and
Duke
of
Borussia
,
Charles
preparing
against
the
Turk
,
makes
a
League
with
the
Pope
at
Barcellona
,
wherein
it
was
agreed
,
That
Caesars
Daughter
Margaret
,
should
marry
with
Alexander
of
Medices
,
and
that
he
may
be
restored
to
his
ancient
Dominion
of
Florence
.
The
Venetians
also
joyn
in
this
League
,
and
delivered
up
the
towns
they
had
among
the
Samnites
,
in
Picenum
,
and
Apulia
.
It
is
also
agreed
,
That
Francis
paying
200000
Crowns
,
should
receive
his
Children
again
which
were
his
Hostages
.
Then
after
Caesar
had
beaten
Solyman
,
he
is
Crowned
at
Bononia
with
great
state
by
the
Pope
,
to
whom
he
swore
to
destroy
the
Lutherans
,
who
at
Marpurg
tryed
to
be
reconciled
to
Zuinglius
,
but
could
not
.
Shortly
after
in
the
Dyet
at
Auspurg
,
they
exhi
bited
the
confession
of
their
faith
▪
from
the
place
called
Augustana
,
which
was
openly
read
,
but
then
rejected
by
Caesar.
The
Lutheran
Princes
are
enjoyned
to
restore
all
to
the
Church
again
,
under
pain
of
proscription
,
and
not
to
write
or
speak
against
the
Roman
Doctrine
.
But
Luther
publisheth
a
book
,
exhorting
the
Germans
to
reject
that
impious
Edict
of
the
Dyet
,
and
to
oppose
the
Roman
Tenets
,
and
to
defend
the
Protestant
Princes
by
the
sword
.
Caesar
,
to
retain
the
Empire
in
his
Family
,
caused
his
Brother
Ferdinand
,
at
Colen
to
be
proclaimed
King
of
the
Romans
.
The
same
year
Florence
,
after
a
long
siege
is
surrendered
to
Caesar
,
and
according
to
the
Agreement
between
Caesar
and
the
Pope
,
Alexander
of
Medices
,
the
Bastard
son
of
Laurence
,
is
made
Duke
of
Florence
;
but
Charles
finding
the
Turk
preparing
against
him
,
makes
peace
with
the
Lutherans
,
by
the
mediation
of
Albert
,
Arch
Bishop
of
Mints
,
and
Ludovick
,
the
Palsgrave
.
In
his
Army
arose
a
great
mutiny
for
want
of
pay
,
which
made
him
alter
his
resolution
,
and
return
by
Italy
into
Spain
.
The
Turks
wast
and
plunder
all
where
they
came
;
but
in
their
return
lose
both
their
spoiles
and
lives
in
Helvetia
.
The
Bernois
after
the
Example
of
Zurich
and
Basil
,
shake
off
the
Roman
religion
:
whereupon
by
the
instigation
of
Ferdinand
and
Clement
,
great
troubles
are
raised
,
which
the
French
endeavoured
to
compose
,
but
could
Bernard
Rotman
,
Minister
of
Monaster
,
cavilled
against
Baptisme
of
Infants
,
braging
much
of
Enthusiasmes
and
the
Spirit
:
A
great
part
of
Monaster
sided
with
him
.
No
disputation
nor
councel
could
work
on
these
men
;
but
to
strengthen
themselves
they
call
in
many
strangers
,
they
thrust
out
the
old
Senate
,
and
choose
new
Senators
;
they
call
the
City
Ierusalem
,
and
dream
of
new
Apostles
,
Kings
,
and
Judges
:
but
the
Bishop
by
the
German
forces
so
besieged
their
new
Ierusalem
,
that
it
was
vexed
with
as
great
a
Famine
as
the
old
,
and
all
kinde
of
calamities
and
outrages
.
At
length
after
sixteen
months
siege
the
Town
is
taken
;
the
Souldiers
are
put
to
the
sword
,
King
Iohn
,
Knipperdolling
,
Beruh
,
and
their
Minister
Kretchting
,
are
nipped
with
hot
burning
pincers
,
and
hanged
upon
a
high
tower
.
Pope
Clement
confirms
a
new
Order
of
Capuchins
,
and
procrastinates
the
promised
Synod
,
leaving
that
burthen
by
his
death
to
Alexander
Fernesius
his
successor
,
whose
pontifical
name
was
Paul
the
third
:
he
seemed
very
desirous
to
have
a
general
councel
:
He
makes
his
Nephewes
Cardinals
:
Mantua
is
the
place
first
named
for
a
Councel
,
then
Vicentia
.
Fifteen
of
the
protestant
Princes
,
and
30
Cities
do
remonstrate
to
his
Embassador
Vergerius
:
That
a
general
Synod
is
the
Tribunall
of
the
whole
Church
,
not
of
the
Pope
alone
;
and
that
the
Pope
was
a
party
,
therefore
no
competent
Judge
:
that
he
ought
not
first
of
himself
to
condemn
Luther
,
and
then
force
the
Synod
to
do
the
like
.
Luther
at
Smalcald
,
frames
some
Articles
,
subscribed
by
certain
Divines
,
which
he
exhibits
to
the
Synod
at
Mantua
.
Mean
while
Caesar
makes
an
expedition
into
Africa
,
to
restore
Muleasses
to
his
Kingdom
of
Tunis
,
being
turned
out
by
Barbaross
,
the
pyrate
of
Mitylene
,
whom
Solyman
had
furnished
with
a
fleet
,
himself
being
employed
in
the
Persian
War.
Barbaross
is
overthrown
,
the
Moor
restored
to
his
Kingdom
,
and
the
Castle
Guleta
built
by
Charles
,
which
made
the
Christians
Navigation
the
more
secure
.
The
Turk
took
Seleucia
,
but
in
his
return
lost
the
most
part
of
his
Army
by
Famin
and
Want.
When
Caesar
was
returned
from
Afric
,
he
seizerh
on
Millan
,
(
now
void
by
the
death
of
Sfortia
)
as
being
Lord
of
the
Fee.
The
French
King
on
the
other
side
claims
it
as
his
inheritance
,
and
because
the
Duke
of
Savoy
adhered
to
the
Emperor
,
he
drives
him
out
of
a
great
part
of
his
Territories
,
which
so
moved
Gaesar
,
that
he
made
a
great
complaint
to
the
Pope
at
Rome
against
the
French
,
and
withall
sends
an
Army
into
France
:
but
Pope
Paul
,
understanding
that
the
Turk
had
taken
Clissa
in
Dalmatia
,
Corcyra
from
the
Venetians
,
and
subdued
Moldavia
,
makes
a
peace
of
ten
years
between
Caesar
and
the
French
at
Nicaea
,
a
town
of
Province
,
where
he
procures
for
his
Nephew
Octavius
,
the
Widow
of
Alexander
Medices
,
who
for
his
intemperate
Letchery
,
was
murthered
by
his
Cosin
Jermin
,
Lawrence
.
Cosmus
Medices
,
is
by
Caesar
made
Duke
of
Florence
,
but
against
the
Popes
will.
The
fleet
which
the
Emperor
,
Pope
and
Venesian
sent
against
the
Turk
,
is
overthrown
by
Barbarossa
and
stormy
weather
.
Luther
translates
the
Bible
into
Dutch
,
and
prints
it
;
whose
example
in
this
,
was
followed
by
divers
other
Caesar
not
long
after
this
,
having
buried
his
Emperess
Isabel
,
King
Iohn
of
Portugall's
sister
,
makes
a
journey
into
France
,
where
he
is
royally
received
by
King
Francis
at
Paris
,
and
Eleanor
his
sister
,
King
Francis
his
wife
;
he
sends
Ambassadors
to
Venice
to
incite
them
against
the
Turk
,
whose
metropolis
Constantinople
was
almost
burned
down
;
but
the
Castle
of
Guleta
was
recovered
by
Barbarossa
;
then
Caesar
hastneth
to
Belgium
to
suppress
the
rebellion
of
Gaunt
,
whose
old
Priviledges
he
took
away
,
and
put
to
death
the
seditious
Authors
,
he
appoints
a
conference
at
Wormes
,
between
the
Catholicks
and
Protestants
,
which
was
interrupted
by
the
Pope
fearing
a
Schisme
.
After
this
Charls
growing
more
milde
towards
the
Protestants
,
indeavoured
to
have
a
conference
of
moderate
Divines
at
Ratisbon
,
for
reconciling
some
controvered
points
;
but
Catarenus
the
Cardinall
fearing
the
Popes
displeasure
,
averted
the
Emperors
minde
,
who
referrs
it
to
the
general
Synod
,
for
he
was
then
preparing
of
a
fleet
for
Algier
in
Africk
against
the
Turks
,
which
came
to
nothing
,
for
the
winds
and
storms
so
spoiled
the
ships
before
Algier
,
that
they
were
forced
to
return
into
Spain
with
great
loss
;
so
likewise
Ferdinand's
preparation
in
Germany
against
the
Turks
did
miscarry
,
by
the
sickness
in
the
Army
,
and
for
want
of
discipline
:
About
this
time
also
,
Francis
finding
that
Charls
deluded
him
about
the
restitution
of
Millan
,
and
that
he
had
put
to
death
his
Legats
going
to
the
Turks
,
breaks
off
the
league
,
and
drawes
William
of
Cleveland
,
to
whom
Charls
had
denied
the
possession
of
Gelderland
,
to
side
with
him
,
who
therefore
endeavoured
to
seise
upon
Antwerp
;
for
Charls
of
Egmund
heir
of
his
fathers
quarrell
with
the
house
of
Burgundy
,
left
Gelderland
by
his
last
will
to
William
of
Iuliers
,
and
to
his
onely
daughter
Mary
his
wife
,
whose
son
William
became
heir
of
Iuliers
,
Cleveland
,
Gelderland
,
and
other
places
;
this
wealth
,
that
he
might
the
more
easily
enjoy
and
retain
,
against
the
great
power
of
Caesar
,
he
thought
it
his
safest
way
to
enter
into
a
league
with
France
,
which
caused
afterwards
great
warrs
.
Ch●…ls
to
strengthen
his
cause
against
France
,
strives
to
make
the
Pope
on
his
side
,
therefore
he
labours
to
suppress
the
Protestants
;
yet
he
would
not
part
with
Parma
and
Placentia
,
parcels
of
the
Dutchie
of
Millan
,
to
Octavius
,
Farnesius
,
Pauls
Nephew
.
He
prepares
then
to
make
warr
upon
France
and
Cleveland
,
for
this
purpose
he
restores
to
Cosmus
Medices
his
Castles
for
two
hundred
thousand
crowns
:
The
French
are
assisted
by
Christian
3ᵈ.
of
Denmark
,
and
Gustavus
the
Swede
,
for
some
wrong
they
had
received
from
Charls
;
But
Francis
unwisely
divides
his
Army
into
5.
parts
,
and
falls
upon
5.
several
Imperiall
Territories
,
by
which
he
weakned
his
power
,
and
lost
quickly
the
places
he
took
;
Cleveland
lost
so
many
of
his
Townes
,
that
he
was
forced
to
submit
to
Caesar
,
and
to
content
himself
with
the
loss
of
Gelderland
:
But
the
French
take
Laudress
and
Luceburg
,
and
assist
the
Turk
in
the
siege
of
Nicea
,
and
defeat
the
Cesarians
in
Piemont
;
wherefore
Caesar
at
Spire
gives
peace
to
During
the
quietness
which
the
Protestants
had
under
Charls
,
they
erect
in
divers
places
Colledges
,
and
Schools
for
learning
;
but
those
Halcyonian
days
held
not
long
;
for
Caesar
and
Francis
combine
together
to
restore
the
old
Religion
,
and
to
suppress
all
gainsayers
:
Therefore
Proclamations
are
made
through
all
their
dominions
against
Protestanisme
:
One
Peter
Brulius
for
opposing
the
Roman
Faith
,
is
burned
at
Turnay
;
The
Waldenses
are
massacred
in
Provence
:
Their
extirpation
was
urged
in
the
Dyet
at
Wormes
.
Paul
assembleth
the
Synod
at
Trent
;
with
him
Caesar
,
the
French
,
and
Polonian
joyn
in
league
,
Caesar
is
reproved
and
threatned
in
a
sharp
Letter
,
which
Luther
answered
,
for
conniving
so
long
at
the
Protestants
.
Henry
of
Brunswig
;
for
raising
new
troubles
,
is
taken
prisoner
with
his
son
by
the
Land-grave
;
the
Trent
.
Mints
and
Trevers
fall
off
from
Herman
of
Colen
,
and
Frederick
Palatine
,
who
were
lately
turned
Lutherians
:
Caesar
raiseth
an
Army
,
Colen
is
proscribed
by
the
Pope
,
a
truce
is
made
with
Solyman
,
lest
he
should
hinder
the
warr
intended
against
the
Protestants
:
The
Pope
promiseth
to
assist
Caesar
with
12
thousand
Foot
,
500
Horse
,
and
good
store
of
gold
.
Charls
declares
that
his
raising
of
Forces
was
not
against
the
Cities
,
but
some
Princes
who
obstructed
justice
and
the
peace
:
The
Saxon
and
Landgrave
,
whom
Caesar
aimed
at
,
remonstrate
that
they
were
free
from
all
crimes
except
Heresie
,
which
was
the
onely
cause
of
the
Popes
war
:
most
of
the
Princes
side
with
the
Emperor
.
Denmark
was
now
in
league
with
Charls
,
and
the
house
of
Burgundy
;
therefore
to
avoid
offence
,
Christian
the
third
,
would
not
assist
the
Protestants
.
The
Saxon
and
Landgrave
are
proscribed
by
Caesar
,
who
hath
now
a
great
Army
of
Pontificians
,
Spaniards
,
and
Germans
,
with
which
,
great
Forces
of
the
Belgians
do
joyn
near
Ingolsta
notwithstanding
the
Protestants
endeavoured
to
hinder
this
conjunction
:
Caesar
to
distract
the
Protestant
Army
,
assists
Maurice
the
Saxons
Cosin
German
,
with
Forces
against
the
Elector
,
with
whom
before
he
had
a
quarrell
:
Hereupon
the
Protestants
are
necessitated
to
transferr
their
Army
into
Saxony
,
and
to
leave
a
Garison
in
Saevia
:
The
Landgrave
returns
home
with
his
Forces
,
unwilling
to
fight
against
Maurice
his
son
in
Law
;
So
it
was
easie
for
Caesar
to
subdue
the
Sueves
and
Noricks
.
Frederick
Palatine
,
a
friend
but
lately
to
the
Protestants
,
now
reconciles
himself
to
the
Emperor
,
so
many
others
submit
to
him
:
In
the
mean
while
the
Protestant
doctrins
of
traditions
,
Apochripha
books
,
originall
sin
,
justification
by
faith
alone
,
and
their
opinions
of
the
Sacraments
are
condemned
in
the
Councell
of
Trent
.
The
Saxon
recovers
what
Maurice
had
taken
from
him
,
and
withall
surpriseth
divers
of
his
Towns
,
he
drawes
to
his
side
the
Bishopricks
of
Halberstad
and
Magdeburg
,
Caesar
puts
a
mulct
upon
Ausburg
and
Strasburg
,
and
receives
them
into
favour
;
But
Herman
Bishop
of
Colen
,
upon
perswasion
of
his
friends
,
resignes
his
Bishoprick
:
His
successor
Adulphus
presently
abolished
the
begun
reformation
:
Caesar
takes
in
divers
Towns
in
Saxony
,
in
the
interim
his
great
Enemy
King
Francis
dies
,
a
friend
to
the
Protestants
,
not
out
of
love
to
them
,
but
of
hatred
to
Charls
,
therefore
he
used
sometimes
underhand
to
furnish
them
with
money
:
Saxon
being
now
destitute
of
the
friendship
of
France
,
is
exposed
to
the
Emperors
fury
,
who
with
the
Forces
of
his
brother
Ferdinand
and
Maurice
,
falls
upon
his
Countrey
;
the
Duke
had
sent
most
part
of
his
Army
into
the
Cities
,
therefore
makes
haste
to
shelter
himself
in
Witteberg
,
but
Caesar
foording
over
Albis
,
overtakes
him
,
and
forceth
him
to
fight
:
In
this
conflict
the
Duke
is
wounded
and
taken
,
and
by
a
Councell
of
Warr
condemned
to
die
,
but
he
redeems
his
life
by
resignation
of
his
Electroship
,
and
by
surrendring
Witteberg
and
Gotha
to
Caesar
;
his
estate
was
confiscate
,
and
bestowed
upon
Ferdinand
and
Maurice
;
a
yearly
pension
was
allowed
him
.
At
Dracenburg
,
though
the
Protestants
had
the
better
of
the
day
from
the
Cesarians
,
yet
they
were
much
dejected
for
the
affliction
of
the
Saxon.
The
Landgrave
by
perswasion
of
Maurice
his
son
in
Law
,
and
Brandeburg
humbly
submits
himself
to
Caesar
,
who
detained
him
prisoner
:
Caesar
carried
away
out
of
Germany
into
his
Provinces
,
about
500.
piece
of
Ordnace
,
and
exacted
of
the
Protestant
160000
thousand
crowns
;
Ferdinand
also
punished
the
Bohemians
,
for
not
invading
,
but
rather
defending
the
Saxons
Territories
:
The
Protestants
are
forced
to
submit
to
the
Counsell
of
Trent
in
many
places
;
but
some
jarrs
arise
between
the
Pope
and
Caesar
,
for
indeavouring
to
moderate
the
Counsell
upon
the
Protestants
request
,
Maurice
,
for
his
fidelity
to
Caesar
,
is
made
Elector
of
Saxony
,
he
repairs
the
University
of
Witteburg
;
in
all
other
places
of
his
Jurisdiction
he
causeth
the
Protestant
Ministers
,
to
be
either
deposed
,
banished
,
or
killed
:
The
example
of
Francis
Spier
,
who
falling
off
from
Protestanisme
,
fell
into
dispair
at
Padua
,
was
the
occasion
that
divers
were
converted
.
Bucer
,
Fagius
,
and
Martyr
,
passe
over
into
England
:
Brentius
,
Musculus
,
and
others
,
are
strangely
preserved
.
The
Captive
Saxon
,
Brandeburg
and
the
Palatine
,
favour
the
Protestants
.
Magdeburg
,
Brem
,
and
some
other
places
of
Saxony
,
stand
upon
their
libertie
:
Flaccus
Illyricus
leaves
Witteburg
,
where
he
condemned
Melancthons
Faith
,
and
goeth
to
Magdeburg
;
which
City
Caesar
proscribed
,
and
commanded
the
Elector
Maurice
to
besiege
it
.
The
Electors
are
Philip
,
Caesars
son
,
by
Mary
of
Portugall
,
but
they
would
not
recede
from
their
first
Act.
The
Magdeburgers
overthrow
some
Forces
of
their
enemies
,
among
which
were
200
Gentlemen
.
Mean
while
Paul
3d
d
dieth
with
grief
;
his
son
Peter
Loisius
being
slainbefore
by
Ferdinand
Gonzaga
.
After
three
months
alteration
,
to
Paul
succeeded
Iulius
3d
d
whose
name
before
was
Iohannes
Maria
Montanus
,
he
had
been
President
or
Moderator
of
the
Counsell
.
Henry
2d
of
France
,
son
to
Francis
,
strives
to
stir
up
the
German
Princes
against
Charls
,
chieflly
Maurice
,
who
was
offended
for
the
imprisonment
of
his
Father
in
Law
the
Landgrave
;
Maurice
combines
with
Albert
of
Brandeburg
,
and
the
Megapolitans
with
France
;
for
the
German
liberty
,
he
is
leader
of
the
Magdeburg
Army
,
who
having
made
his
peace
,
leaves
the
Magdeburgers
to
Caesars
mercy
,
who
layeth
a
heavy
fine
on
them
,
leaving
them
to
their
Religion
and
Liberty
.
The
Protestant
Divines
exhibit
their
Positions
to
the
Counsell
of
Trent
,
but
they
were
rejected
.
The
Elector
Maurice
having
often
Petitioned
Caesar
for
the
Landgraves
libertie
,
but
still
in
vain
,
makes
war
against
Charls
,
seiseth
upon
Auspurg
;
and
having
affrighted
the
Trent
Fathers
,
with
the
report
of
his
coming
thither
,
they
all
fled
.
Crescentius
the
Cardinall
,
President
of
the
Counsell
,
was
affrighted
in
the
night
by
a
black
dog
.
The
French
take
some
Townes
of
the
Empire
,
and
by
Lorrain
break
in
upon
Alsatia
,
and
extorts
provision
from
Straisburg
.
Maurice
propounds
a
league
with
Ferdinand
and
the
Bavarian
.
The
French
King
understanding
that
the
Cesarians
out
of
Belgium
,
were
got
into
Champany
,
wasting
all
with
fire
and
sword
,
turns
nside
to
Lucemburg
.
The
Saxon
having
taken
the
Alpin
Straits
,
kills
and
takes
about
3000.
of
the
Caesarians
,
which
so
affrighted
Charls
and
Ferdinand
,
that
by
the
light
of
their
matches
,
they
stole
away
from
Oenipont
to
Villacum
by
night
:
Oenipont
being
taken
,
all
goods
belonging
to
Caesar
or
the
Spaniards
,
were
plundered
,
but
the
goods
of
Ferdinand
and
Germans
,
were
not
touched
.
A
truce
is
made
at
last
,
and
then
peace
.
The
Landgrave
is
dismissed
from
his
Belgick
prison
.
A
free
and
perpetuall
exercise
of
Protestanisme
in
Germany
is
granted
,
and
all
proscriptions
are
abolished
.
Before
this
transaction
,
Ulme
,
Noriberg
,
with
the
Bishops
of
Bamberg
,
Herbipolis
,
and
Mints
,
had
suffered
much
loss
and
dammage
by
Albert
,
who
had
also
subdued
Wormes
and
Spire
,
and
taken
Trivers
by
surprisall
.
Maurice
sends
his
Army
into
Hungary
against
the
Turks
,
who
had
taken
there
divers
Towns
in
revenge
of
Caesars
taking
of
Lephs
in
Affrick
against
the
peace
.
Ferdinands
losses
were
so
great
,
that
he
was
forced
to
buy
his
peace
from
Solyman
for
an
yearly
pension
of
30000.
crowns
.
Caesar
goeth
against
the
French
,
but
loseth
most
part
of
his
Army
by
sickness
,
and
his
fortune
began
still
to
decline
,
he
made
war
against
Parma
and
Mirandula
,
being
assisted
by
the
Pope
,
where
he
lost
many
men
,
but
did
no
good
.
Sena
fell
off
from
Caesar
to
the
French
,
because
the
Caesarians
built
a
Castle
in
that
Town
.
The
Territories
of
Sena
with
long
War
was
laid
waste
,
and
at
last
subdued
by
Cosmus
Medices
,
who
by
Famin
took
Sena
,
and
added
it
to
his
Principallitieby
Caesars
permission
.
Henry
,
by
the
Turks
assistance
,
took
the
Isle
of
Corsica
from
the
Germois
,
and
wasts
with
fire
and
sword
,
Caesars
Territo●…ies
,
who
on
the
other
side
destroyeth
some
French
Towns.
About
the
beginning
of
the
year
51
of
this
Century
,
the
Pope
dieth
,
to
whom
succeeded
Marcellus
2d
he
also
the
two
and
twentieth
day
of
his
Pontificate
,
Iohn
Peter
Caraffa
,
now
called
Paul
4th
a
great
Antilutherian
and
promoter
of
the
Inquisition
,
the
consumer
of
150
thousand
Protestants
in
30.
years
space
:
he
imposed
heavy
tributes
on
the
Iewes
,
and
caused
them
for
distinction
sake
,
to
wear
yellow
caps
,
being
angry
with
Caesar
for
opposing
his
Election
,
he
raiseth
an
Army
against
Naples
,
his
own
Countrey
,
but
Charls
being
weary
of
the
world
,
after
the
Example
of
Dioclesian
layeth
down
his
imperiall
dignitie
,
leaveth
his
hereditary
Kingdoms
to
Philip
his
son
,
and
the
Empire
to
Ferdinand
his
brother
,
then
retires
himself
into
the
Monastery
of
S.
Hieroms
Order
,
dedicated
to
S.
Laurence
by
his
son
Philip
,
in
memory
of
the
great
Victory
he
had
over
the
French
at
S.
Quintins
;
this
Covent
is
in
the
Escuriel
near
Madrid
.
Here
Charls
spent
two
years
in
devotion
,
and
then
died
the
38
year
,
or
as
some
say
,
the
40
of
his
Empire
,
and
the
54
of
his
life
,
his
death
was
presaged
by
a
Commet
:
Mean
while
the
Pope
assisted
by
the
French
,
makes
war
against
Philip
,
who
in
revenge
,
strips
the
Pope
of
almost
all
Latium
,
wherefore
he
finding
Philip
too
potent
to
buckle
with
;
now
the
French
being
defeated
,
and
the
most
of
their
Nobility
taken
at
S.
Quintins
,
and
that
Octavius
Fernesius
was
in
favour
with
Philip
from
whom
he
had
received
Placentia
,
admits
of
peace
which
was
accompanied
with
the
innundation
of
Tibris
,
that
did
more
hurt
then
the
war.
In
Charls
his
time
,
Ferdinand
Magellan
found
out
the
Strait
,
so
called
from
his
name
,
and
in
two
years
space
sailed
about
the
world
,
and
returned
again
to
Sivill
.
In
the
space
of
20
years
Ferdinand
Cortes
,
took
multitudes
of
Towns
,
the
chief
whereof
is
Mexico
,
with
many
Provinces
:
The
Country
also
of
Peru
is
subjugated
by
Varga
and
Pizzarus
,
in
which
is
the
great
City
Cusco
:
The
Portugalls
also
take
many
places
in
the
East
Indies
.
Castrius
obtains
a
great
Victory
against
the
King
of
Cambaia
,
and
withall
takes
Dio
,
the
rich
and
great
City
of
that
Country
which
became
the
chief
Seat
of
the
Portugalls
under
King
Emanuel
,
and
King
Iohn
who
looked
more
strictly
to
the
Government
of
that
place
then
Charls
did
to
the
Government
of
America
,
being
intangled
with
the
wars
of
Europ
,
which
occasioned
the
Spaniards
to
Tyrannize
over
the
poor
Americans
.
To
Charls
succeeded
his
brother
Ferdinand
,
King
of
Hungary
and
Bohemia
.
He
confirms
the
peace
of
Germany
,
advanceth
the
University
of
Sena
,
erected
before
,
by
Iohn
Frederick
the
Elector
,
appoints
a
conference
at
Wormes
between
the
Papists
and
Protestants
,
which
took
no
effect
because
Melancthon
and
other
Lutherans
would
not
condemn
(
as
the
Romanists
desired
)
Calvin
,
Osiander
and
the
rest
who
had
receded
from
the
Augustan
confession
;
Yet
the
peace
of
Germany
was
not
by
this
interrupted
:
But
Livonia
,
a
Province
of
the
German
Empire
,
is
much
shaken
by
Iohn
Basilides
D.
of
Muscovia
,
because
upon
their
civill
Warrs
they
had
neglected
to
pay
the
tribute
,
they
owed
by
promise
to
the
Muscovit
;
therefore
he
takes
Narva
by
surprisall
,
layeth
waste
the
Countrey
of
Derbat
,
and
threatens
the
ruine
of
Livonia
,
which
at
last
paid
the
gold
,
but
yet
could
not
pacifie
the
Tyrant
.
Therefore
the
Rivaliens
desired
Christian
3d
d
of
Denmark
to
be
their
protector
against
the
Russian
by
reason
Estonic
had
anciently
been
subject
to
Denmark
;
but
he
After
4
months
debate
,
Pius
4th
called
before
Iohn
Angel
of
the
house
of
Medices
,
is
made
Pope
.
At
his
Inauguration
18
men
were
killed
,
as
they
were
scrambling
for
the
money
flung
that
day
among
the
people
,
and
about
40
hurt
,
an
ominous
initiation
to
his
Pontificate
:
he
pardoned
those
that
abused
his
predecessors
,
but
was
very
rigid
against
his
friends
and
nephews
.
He
put
Cardinall
Caraffa
to
death
,
and
divers
other
prime
men
,
upon
suspition
of
Treason
.
He
confirmed
Ferdinand
in
the
Empire
,
absolves
Charls
5th
and
his
son
Philip
from
Pope
Pauls
criminations
.
Abdisu
Patriarch
of
the
Eastern
Christians
came
to
him
,
with
a
resolution
to
imbrace
the
Roman
Faith
,
which
he
did
,
and
was
sent
back
into
Affrica
with
rich
presents
.
He
ordereth
the
general
Counsell
to
sit
again
at
Trent
,
and
sent
his
Legats
to
invite
the
Protestants
thither
;
but
the
Palsgrave
and
Saxon
with
some
other
Teutonick
Princes
,
meet
at
Naumburg
,
and
return
this
answer
to
Ferdinand
Caesar
;
that
they
would
willingly
yeild
to
a
nationall
or
generall
Counsell
if
it
were
free
,
which
they
could
not
acknowledge
this
to
be
:
And
they
tell
the
Popes
Legats
,
that
he
had
no
power
over
Princes
,
nor
authority
to
call
a
Synod
.
When
they
came
to
Lubeck
,
they
were
rejected
by
the
King
of
Denmark
,
because
the
Pope
had
accounted
him
an
Heretick
;
But
Philip
King
of
Spain
,
and
Francis
2d
of
France
,
persecute
the
Protestants
;
under
whose
successor
Charls
9th
they
had
some
rest
,
and
withall
a
new
name
,
for
they
are
now
called
Hugonits
,
from
one
Hugo
,
in
whose
house
they
used
to
have
their
meetings
.
In
the
Counsell
of
Trent
there
is
some
debate
between
the
Pope
and
Spanish
Bishops
,
who
would
scarce
yeild
that
their
dependance
should
be
from
him
.
The
Kings
also
of
Spain
and
France
,
did
strive
there
for
precedencie
,
the
one
preferring
the
Title
of
Catholick
,
the
other
of
most
Christian
:
The
matter
being
referred
to
the
Pope
,
he
gives
the
precedencie
to
France
.
There
was
also
much
altercation
about
the
residence
of
Bishops
,
and
the
peculiar
care
of
their
Flocks
,
which
they
should
have
;
but
nothing
in
that
point
was
determined
:
At
last
the
Synod
is
concluded
.
27
Years
after
it
was
called
by
Paul
3d
d
at
Mechlin
,
Cameray
,
Utricht
,
Harlem
,
Middelburg
,
Antwerp
,
Brugis
,
and
elsewhere
,
which
promoted
not
,
but
hindred
the
Pontifican
cause
,
and
raised
a
rebellion
against
Philip
;
which
shook
off
the
Spanish
Yoke
.
About
these
times
,
King
Philip
was
beat
at
Sea
by
Solyman
the
Turk
,
who
took
the
Isle
Meninges
on
the
coast
of
Affrick
,
in
which
the
Viceroy
of
Sicily
,
the
Duke
of
Medina
had
strongly
fortified
the
Castle
.
For
Pialis
the
Bassai
that
defeated
the
Spanish
fleet
which
had
besieged
Tripolis
,
takes
in
the
Castle
being
weakly
manned
and
victualled
,
killed
and
carried
away
18000
Christians
,
therefore
Cosmus
Duke
of
Florence
erects
a
new
Order
of
Knights
,
called
Stephanits
against
the
Turks
,
&
assignes
for
their
habitation
the
Isle
Ebusa
:
Upon
the
Petition
of
William
of
Orange
,
Egmund
and
Horn.
K.
Philip
removes
from
the
Government
of
Belgium
,
Antony
Perenot
,
and
Atrelacius
the
Cardinall
,
and
gives
a
fuller
power
to
his
sister
Margaret
of
Parma
.
Ferdinand
having
ruled
the
Empire
6
years
in
peace
,
died
,
leaving
his
son
Maximilian
to
succeed
.
David
George
his
heresie
is
detected
at
Basil
,
who
taught
he
was
the
promised
son
of
David
,
and
his
body
is
burned
to
ashes
;
about
that
time
Francis
Xaverius
the
Jesuit
is
sent
to
Iapan
and
other
Eastern
parts
,
to
convert
the
Indians
.
Maximilian
2d
succeeded
to
his
Father
Ferdinand
,
both
in
the
Kingdoms
of
Hungary
and
Bohemia
,
as
also
in
the
Empire
,
when
Iohn
Sigismund
of
Trasilvania
,
relying
on
the
protection
of
Solyman
,
gave
himself
out
to
be
King
of
Hungary
,
he
was
by
Maximilian
suppressed
;
by
reason
Solyman
was
then
before
Malta
with
a
fleet
of
205
sail
;
so
that
the
aid
he
sent
to
the
Transilvanian
came
too
late
.
The
Turk
upon
that
enterprise
lost
22
thousand
,
Malta
holding
out
all
the
while
stoutly
against
him
,
under
the
command
of
Iohn
Valet
great
master
of
the
Rhodian
Knights
.
The
Turks
after
six
months
siege
,
being
repulsed
,
convert
their
totterd
&
torn
forces
,
upon
the
Isle
Chias
,
which
had
been
under
the
Genuois
above
200
years
,
but
now
by
Pialis
Bassai
is
brought
under
the
Turkish
Yoke
,
at
which
time
Paul
4th
died
,
who
having
exhausted
his
treasures
on
the
Counsell
of
Trent
,
and
magnificent
buildings
,
was
necessitated
to
exact
upon
his
subjects
,
and
to
wink
at
Symone
.
To
him
succeeded
Michael
Chisserius
,
who
called
himself
Pius
5th
.
In
Belgi●…n
the
seeds
of
a
long
lasting
war
are
cast
by
the
Spanish
harsh
severity
,
a
mitigation
whereof
was
Petitioned
for
by
Henry
Bredenrod
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Gentry
;
these
Petitioners
were
called
Geusies
,
that
is
,
beggers
from
their
mean
apparel
which
nickname
they
retained
afterward
.
When
they
had
entred
into
a
confederacie
for
Libertie
of
conscience
;
this
wise
course
of
the
Gentry
was
marred
by
the
inconsiderate
zeal
of
the
Calvinian
multitude
,
who
setting
up
Pulpits
every
where
,
of
their
own
privat
motion
threw
down
the
Images
;
But
William
of
Orange
caused
a
form
of
rites
and
doctrin
to
be
compiled
for
the
Protestants
Parma
.
Ferdinand
Alvares
Duke
of
Alba
,
a
fierce
natured
man
,
is
by
him
made
Governor
.
William
being
affrighted
at
his
comming
,
departs
thence
to
his
Teutons
:
Egmund
and
Horne
are
cunningly
apprehended
and
beheaded
.
A
Garrison
and
Castle
are
forced
upon
the
Antwerpians
.
Orange
wanting
help
,
obtained
Conde's
Army
,
who
had
lately
extorted
peace
to
his
Hugonots
from
Charls
,
By
the
assistance
of
Iohn
Casimer
.
Alba
proscribes
Orange
as
a
Traitor
,
and
puts
many
of
the
Nobility
to
death
;
he
also
overthrew
in
a
battell
Lewis
of
Nassau
Orange
his
brother
.
An
Army
is
suddenly
raised
by
this
William
,
intending
to
win
or
loose
all
.
Alba
an
old
beaten
Soldier
knowing
so
great
an
Army
could
not
be
sustained
without
pay
,
avoided
fighting
;
so
that
William
is
forced
to
lead
his
Army
into
France
for
pay
,
which
in
the
interim
mouldred
away
.
The
Belgians
having
pai'd
in
Taxes
twentie
hundred
thousand
crowns
,
labour
to
ease
themselves
of
this
burthen
,
and
to
avoid
the
Tyrants
crueltie
;
therefore
divers
undertook
a
voluntary
exile
;
where
consulting
with
Orange
,
who
was
also
banished
,
they
first
seise
upon
Briel
in
Holland
,
then
they
make
Ulushing
,
Enchusen
,
and
other
Townes
to
take
their
part
.
Lewis
of
Nassau
by
a
Stratagem
,
takes
Monts
in
Henault
.
William
obtains
Ruremund
,
Lovan
,
and
Mechlin
,
whilst
Alba
〈◊〉
be
sieging
of
Monts
:
But
William
not
being
able
to
raise
the
siege
and
relieve
his
brother
,
finding
also
that
the
French
,
wholly
intent
in
persecuting
of
the
Protestants
,
were
about
to
desert
and
betray
him
,
he
removes
presently
to
Holland
,
which
with
Zeland
he
makes
his
own
:
So
Monts
is
restored
to
Alba.
Mean
while
the
Ulushingers
and
Encusers
beat
the
Spaniard
by
Sea.
Harl●…
is
besieged
7
months
;
at
last
being
forced
by
Famin
yeilds
to
the
Spaniard
▪
In
the
midst
of
these
troubles
,
Alba
is
called
into
Spain
,
after
his
arrivall
into
Belgium
6
years
.
Lewis
Requiesensius
succeeded
him
;
who
shortly
after
lost
Middleburg
,
the
Metropolis
of
Zeland
;
but
by
Avila
and
Mandragon
h●…
defeats
the
Belgian
Auxiliaries
at
Neomag
,
and
besiegeth
Leyden
,
which
being
almost
famished
,
Orange
relieved
by
opening
the
banks
,
and
letting
in
the
water
,
by
which
also
provision
was
brought
;
after
this
,
he
honors
the
Town
with
an
University
.
Requesensius
being
dead
,
and
a
Commonwealth
to
be
guided
by
States
,
is
setled
,
till
the
coming
of
Iohn
of
Austria
,
the
Belgians
resolve
unanimously
,
by
force
of
Arms
to
drive
out
the
Spaniard
:
Alba's
Statues
are
abolished
;
the
〈◊〉
perceiving
how
the
Spaniards
out
of
the
Cittadel
had
plundred
〈◊〉
,
castout
their
Garrison
,
and
make
themselves
free
,
whose
exampe
the
other
Towns
follow
.
Not
long
after
died
Pope
Pius
5th
and
Sigismund
King
of
Poland
,
in
whom
ended
the
race
of
the
Iagellons
,
though
he
married
two
sisters
.
Cyprus
is
lost
by
the
Christians
,
but
the
battell
of
Lepanp●…
is
won
by
them
:
the
Protestants
are
massacred
at
Paris
,
Poland
being
Maximilian
Caesar
,
some
for
Iohn
Bator
Prince
of
〈◊〉
after
Iohn
Sigismund
was
dead
.
Caesar
by
staying
too
long
in
suspence
,
and
doubting
whether
he
should
swear
or
not
to
the
Polonian
Laws
brought
to
him
by
the
Legats
,
was
prevented
by
Bator
,
who
marrying
with
Ann
the
sister
of
King
Sigismund
,
obtained
the
Kingdom
.
Maximilian
shortly
after
died
,
the
12th
year
of
his
Empire
,
a
moderate
and
just
Prince
,
he
besstowed
divers
priviledges
on
the
Universitie
of
Helmestad
,
his
saying
was
wont
to
be
:
[
To
compell
the
conscience
is
to
force
heaven
]
About
this
time
Iohn
of
Austria
,
Charls
the
5
th
'
s
Bastard
,
restored
Amidas
to
his
Kingdome
of
Tunis
,
after
he
had
been
flung
out
by
the
Turks
,
and
built
a
new
Fort
;
but
perceiving
that
there
was
little
trust
to
be
given
to
Amidas
,
he
makes
his
brother
Fiduciarie
King
of
Affrick
,
but
to
no
purpose
,
for
the
Turk
by
S●…an
Bassi
suprised
Golet
and
the
new
Fort
,
takes
500
pieces
of
Ordnance
,
with
other
rich
spoiles
,
kills
and
beats
the
Spaniards
out
of
Affrica
.
40.
Years
after
Charls
●…
th
had
added
Tunis
to
his
dominions
.
The
same
year
Cosmus
to
whom
the
Pope
gave
the
Title
of
great
Duke
of
Etruria
,
died
,
to
him
succeeded
his
son
Francis
:
The
Venesians
fortifie
Corcyra
against
the
Turks
.
Charls
Prince
of
Spain
for
pittying
the
hard
usage
of
the
Netherlanders
,
is
by
his
father
Philip
,
pretending
Treason
,
imprisoned
,
where
he
died
.
Iohn
Frederick
the
younger
,
Duke
of
Saxony
,
for
aiding
some
whom
Caesar
had
proseribed
,
was
proscribed
himself
,
and
imprisoned
,
where
he
ended
his
life
:
Hamburg
is
fined
in
100
thousand
Jochims
to
King
Frederick
for
spoiling
the
Freedom
of
Trade
.
Rostoch
by
their
intestin
discords
,
is
subjected
to
the
Megapolitan
Dukes
;
But
upon
acknowledgement
of
their
fault
,
is
restored
to
their
freedom
:
In
Maximilian's
time
the
Protestant
Faith
is
prohibited
through
France
,
England
,
Scotland
,
Hungary
,
Poland
,
and
Belgium
,
in
the
Bishopricks
also
of
Magdeburg
,
Halberstad
,
Verdava
,
and
Dukedom
of
Brunswick
:
But
as
they
began
to
increase
in
wealth
and
ease
,
they
fell
into
divers
Factions
caused
by
needless
disputes
and
controversies
,
with
which
the
world
hath
been
too
long
troubled
;
at
which
the
Elector
of
Saxony
was
so
vexed
,
that
he
thrust
out
of
his
University
of
Witteberg
divers
professors
,
and
imprisoned
Caspar
Peucerus
his
Physitian
,
with
Cracovius
his
Secretary
.
Valentine
Gentilis
for
Blasphemy
against
the
Son
of
God
,
is
burned
at
Beru
.
CHAP.
XVII
.
The
Affairs
of
Portugall
,
Affrick
,
Germany
,
the
Netherlands
,
Spain
,
Poland
,
Hungary
,
Transylvania
,
Bohemia
,
Russia
,
Venice
,
&c.
under
Rodolphus
2d
Emperor
,
from
the
year
1576.
till
1612.
ROdolphus
2d
succeeded
to
his
Father
Maximilian
,
both
in
his
Kingdome
and
Vertues
.
About
the
beginning
of
his
time
,
Sebastian
King
of
Portugall
made
an
unluckie
expedition
into
Affrica
,
to
restore
Mahumed
King
of
Mauritania
,
whilst
he
warreth
with
Abdelmelech
Uncle
to
the
banished
Mahumed
,
he
lost
both
his
life
and
Kingdome
:
In
this
battell
three
Kings
fell
,
and
the
Christian
Army
defeated
.
Abdelmelech
in
the
fight
died
suddenly
of
an
Apoplexie
,
Mahumed
was
drowned
in
the
bogs
,
and
Sebastian
slain
.
Hameth
the
other
Uncle
of
Mahumed
enjoyed
the
Fruit
of
the
victory
,
with
the
Kingdome
of
Fesse
:
Portugall
fell
to
Henry
the
Cardinall
,
an
aged
man
;
and
Sebastians
great
Uncle
,
who
died
about
a
year
after
,
on
whose
Kingdom
Philip
King
of
Spain
,
Henry's
sisters
son
seised
by
the
Duke
of
Alba
;
Anthony
being
driven
away
,
whom
Lewis
,
Henry's
brother
begot
in
Fornication
:
Lisbon
proclaimed
him
King
,
but
he
was
forced
to
flie
,
and
as
he
was
pursued
,
flung
money
behind
him
,
to
hinder
his
pursuers
:
He
by
the
help
of
France
and
England
,
hoped
to
recover
his
lost
Kingdom
,
but
could
not
;
for
he
was
beaten
both
by
land
and
sea
;
and
with
Portugall
he
lost
also
the
Islands
Azores
:
The
Lowcountrey
wars
under
Iohn
of
Austria
,
and
William
of
Nassau
,
was
portended
by
a
Commet
:
Iohn
had
deluded
the
Gantois
with
hopes
of
peace
;
but
they
being
impatient
of
Tyrannie
and
mock'ry
,
reject
the
Spaniards
,
send
for
French
and
Germans
,
and
resolve
to
make
a
Commonwealth
of
their
own
;
they
invite
into
Belgium
,
Mathias
brother
to
Ralph
the
2d
Emperor
,
and
who
afterward
was
Emperor
himself
,
to
be
their
Governor
,
hoping
thereby
to
finde
the
Emperor
Ralphs
more
favourable
towards
them
;
till
he
came
William
discharged
his
place
,
who
took
in
Amsterdam
,
Mechlin
,
Deventry
,
and
other
Sconces
,
whilst
the
Austrian
was
busie
in
subduing
Brabant
,
shortly
after
they
send
for
Iohn
Casimir
the
Palatine
with
an
Army
,
and
then
fall
upon
robbing
and
defacing
of
Churches
,
and
invading
the
Clergies
Revenues
:
but
shortly
after
peace
is
proclaimed
between
the
Catholicks
and
Protestants
throughout
Belgium
,
with
Liberty
of
Conscience
;
but
the
people
of
Henault
and
Artois
,
upon
this
were
offended
,
and
therefore
called
themselves
The
Austrian
being
dead
of
a
Feaver
,
his
Nephew
Alexander
Farnesius
,
Duke
of
Parma
and
Placentia
succeeded
in
the
Government
,
whose
beginning
was
accompanied
with
an
Epidemicall
disease
in
his
Army
,
which
by
a
loosness
swept
away
12
thousand
:
He
reduced
Utricht
to
the
Spaniard
,
and
laboured
what
he
could
to
foment
the
intestin
discords
among
the
Belgians
in
the
mean
while
Caesar
sends
into
Colen
3
Bishops
,
and
2
Princes
to
treat
with
the
States
Ambassadors
about
a
peace
between
the
Spaniard
and
them
,
but
to
no
purpose
;
for
Orange
would
not
hearken
to
any
peace
without
the
enjoyment
Francis
Alanson
the
French
King's
brother
is
invited
into
Belgium
,
who
gaping
long
for
that
imployment
,
hastneth
thither
,
but
whilst
Orange
and
he
were
together
at
Antwerp
,
a
desperat
young
fellow
set
on
by
the
Spaniard
,
shoots
Orange
with
a
bullet
through
the
cheeks
,
so
that
he
hardly
escaped
with
his
life
.
Alanson
having
got
supplies
from
England
,
promised
much
in
defence
of
Belgium
,
but
performed
nothing
,
having
more
regard
of
his
French
,
then
of
those
whose
defence
he
undertook
,
and
swore
to
;
which
appeared
in
Brabant
and
Flanders
,
where
at
Antwerp
he
received
a
notable
defeat
;
by
means
of
the
French
,
his
jugling
was
much
more
detected
at
Newport
,
Dunkirk
,
and
other
places
,
which
give
occasion
to
Parma
to
recover
Newport
,
and
divers
other
Towns
for
the
Spaniard
.
Hereupon
the
Government
is
taken
from
him
by
the
States
,
and
he
returns
into
France
with
his
French
Forces
;
but
not
long
after
,
Orange
and
the
States
were
necessitated
to
send
for
him
again
,
who
died
before
he
had
done
any
thing
for
the
Commonwealth
;
'tis
thought
he
was
poysoned
,
because
they
found
he
was
sorry
for
his
former
double
dealing
with
the
States
.
About
a
month
after
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
is
murthered
by
a
Burgundian
,
Balthasar
Gerard
,
who
had
been
lately
received
into
Orange
his
service
,
he
shot
him
with
a
musket
at
Delph
,
not
without
the
knowledg
(
as
'tis
thought
)
of
Parma
,
the
murtherer
was
cruelly
put
to
death
:
Shortly
after
this
,
Brugis
,
Gaunt
,
and
all
Flanders
almost
is
reduced
to
the
Spaniard
.
In
Germany
the
Protestant
Princes
and
Cities
,
strive
by
Conferences
and
Synods
,
to
take
up
the
controversies
among
themselves
:
Gebhard
Bishop
of
Colen
,
professing
himself
of
the
Augustan
confession
,
permitted
freedom
of
the
Gospel
to
his
people
,
and
falls
in
love
with
Agnes
Mansfield
,
whom
he
intends
to
marrie
;
but
he
is
upon
this
deposed
by
the
Pope
,
and
forsaken
by
most
of
his
Diocesse
;
Ernest
of
Bavaria
being
set
up
in
his
room
:
Gebhard
in
maintenance
of
his
right
,
and
Ernest
on
the
other
side
,
raised
opposit
Forces
.
They
fight
upon
doubtfull
terms
divers
battels
,
in
one
Skirmish
Ernest
lost
2000
old
Soldiers
,
at
length
Gebhard
is
worsted
,
and
upon
the
taking
of
Bonna
,
totally
defeated
of
his
Bishoprick
by
Ernestus
.
A
nationall
Synod
of
Protestants
is
desired
in
Germany
,
but
hindred
by
factious
spirits
.
Steven
Bator
the
new
Polonian
King
makes
war
against
Dantsick
,
for
refusing
to
swear
Fealtie
to
him
,
till
first
he
confirmed
their
Priviledges
:
after
much
slaughter
George
Frederick
,
Duke
of
Borussia
having
paid
a
sum
of
money
to
the
Dane
,
possessed
himself
of
the
Diocess
of
Curion
as
a
Polonian
fee.
The
next
year
Iohn
Basilides
the
Russian
Tyrant
,
having
knockt
his
son
on
the
head
with
his
Cudgell
,
of
which
wound
he
died
,
and
after
25
years
war
with
Livonia
,
he
died
also
,
exhorting
his
son
Theodor
to
live
peaceably
with
his
neighbours
.
The
same
year
the
Praecopit
Tartars
,
of
the
Turks
confedrates
becom
theirslaves
.
Pope
Gregory
the
17th
about
this
time
reformed
the
Calendar
,
by
thrusting
10
days
out
of
the
month
of
October
:
Amurath
the
Turk
,
began
to
suspect
some
plot
upon
compliance
between
the
Pope
and
Byzantin
Patriarch
,
therefore
banisheth
the
Patriarch
,
and
takes
away
from
the
Christians
two
of
their
Temples
in
Constantinople
;
for
approving
this
reformation
of
the
Calendar
;
which
caused
some
troubles
at
Auspurg
in
Germany
,
and
Riga
in
Livonia
;
divers
Protestants
,
rather
out
of
pride
,
then
Judgement
rejected
it
:
This
Gregory
erected
divers
Colledges
of
Jesuits
,
whose
learning
and
holyness
began
to
be
held
in
admiration
:
In
Rome
is
instituted
a
Colledg
or
Seminary
of
all
Nations
,
to
propagate
the
Roman
Faith.
3.
Ambassadors
of
Iapon
sent
by
the
Jesuits
,
arrive
at
Rome
,
after
3
years
travel
,
offering
their
service
to
the
Pope
who
having
royally
entertained
them
,
died
within
the
space
of
two
hours
of
a
Squinzee
;
who
all
his
time
could
not
suppress
the
insolencies
and
robberies
committed
daily
by
his
Soldiers
,
and
those
that
had
been
proscribed
;
But
Batorius
King
of
Poland
,
by
putting
to
death
some
of
his
Nobility
,
curbed
the
insolencies
of
the
great
men
in
his
Kingdome
.
So
Frederick
2d
of
Denmark
brought
the
Rostokers
to
submit
to
Ulricus
the
Megapolitan
.
The
Farnesian
Family
of
the
Dukes
of
Parma
,
grew
famous
by
the
happie
Hamburg
.
Mechlin
and
divers
other
Towns
submit
to
the
Spaniard
:
A
The
year
ensuing
was
fatall
to
many
Princes
.
Maximilian
was
thrust
out
Sigismund
,
Frederick
the
second
of
Denmark
died
,
Maurice
son
to
William
(
murthered
at
Delph
)
and
grand-child
by
the
mother
to
Maurice
of
Saxony
is
by
the
united
States
of
Holland
,
made
their
Governor
.
The
Spanish
Armado
consisting
of
125
great
ships
,
20000
Soldiers
,
10000
marriners
2000
Ordnance
is
defeated
:
Henry
3d
d
King
of
France
is
murthered
by
Iames
Clements
,
a
Dominican
;
the
Polander
is
molested
by
the
Muscovit
,
who
took
some
Forts
from
him
;
and
by
the
Tartarian
,
who
with
fire
and
sword
invaded
his
borders
;
so
that
he
was
fain
to
buy
his
peace
of
the
Tartar
with
a
great
summe
of
Money
.
Gregory
the
13th
being
dead
,
Faelix
Montalt
Iohn
Baptista
Castanaeus
succeeded
,
called
Urban
7th
his
inauguration
was
accompanied
with
an
Earthquake
through
Austria
,
Moravia
,
and
Bohemia
,
and
a
great
siccitie
with
heat
,
by
which
some
rivers
were
dried
up
;
he
died
within
14
days
of
a
burning
feaver
:
To
whom
succeeded
Michelas
.
Sfondrat
called
Gregory
14th
:
he
was
born
the
7th
month
,
and
therefore
had
a
weak
sickly
body
,
he
died
the
10th
Grave
Maurice
mean
while
seiseth
upon
Breda
his
native
towne
in
Brabant
,
by
a
turf
boat
,
within
which
lay
hid
many
armed
men
.
And
shortly
after
he
takes
divers
other
Towns.
To
Gregory
14th
succeeded
Iohn
Antonius
or
Piemont
,
who
assumed
the
name
of
Gregory
9th
;
he
was
of
the
Spanish
Faction
against
France
,
and
lived
but
two
months
in
the
Pontificate
.
Hippolytus
Aldabrandinus
or
Clement
8h
:
Grave
Maurice
attempteth
to
take
the
Sluice
and
Utricht
,
but
could
not
;
yet
he
takes
Steinvick
,
and
Covord
,
and
divers
other
places
upon
the
death
of
Parma
.
To
whom
succeeded
Peter
Ernest
of
Mansfield
,
who
sent
his
son
Charls
into
About
this
time
Sigismund
Bator
the
Transylvanian
denies
to
pay
the
promised
tribute
to
the
Turk
,
and
so
by
the
Jesuits
perswasion
incurs
the
displeasure
of
a
potent
enemy
,
to
the
grief
of
his
friends
;
some
of
which
he
kills
for
disswading
him
.
The
Despots
of
Walachia
and
Moldavia
revolt
to
him
:
The
Walachians
fight
the
Turks
and
beat
them
,
Strigon
and
Vicegrad
are
taken
by
the
Christians
:
Lippa
also
submits
to
the
Transylvanian
,
and
in
a
battell
Sinan
looseth
10000
of
his
men
.
Bator
being
now
allied
to
the
Emperor
,
is
aided
by
him
to
take
Tergovistia
,
the
seat
of
the
Princes
of
Walachia
.
After
many
defeats
given
to
Sinan
,
he
chaseth
him
beyond
the
river
Agrius
,
where
he
died
with
age
and
grief
.
Albert
Arch
Duke
of
Austria
,
Caesars
brother
,
of
a
Cardinall
becomes
husband
to
Isabella
Clara
Eugenia
,
Philips
daughter
,
and
enters
Belgium
in
great
state
.
Upon
the
death
of
Ernestus
he
besiegeth
Callis
,
and
takes
it
:
A
league
is
made
between
England
,
France
and
Holland
,
against
Spain
,
and
confirmed
by
a
victory
obtained
by
the
English
and
Holland
Fleet
,
against
the
Spaniard
at
Cadiz
.
The
Hollanders
send
a
fleet
to
Bentam
,
a
Town
in
Iava
the
less
:
And
another
to
finde
out
the
North-east
passage
;
to
no
purpose
,
except
to
their
own
hurt
,
having
lost
the
most
of
their
men
with
cold
.
In
the
mean
time
Albert
takes
Hulst
from
the
confederates
,
and
they
beat
his
Forces
at
Torvahut
,
having
taken
38
Colours
of
foot
,
and
two
of
horse
with
their
baggage
and
money
:
About
this
time
died
Philip
the
2d
of
Spain
,
as
they
write
of
the
lowsie
disease
:
To
whom
succeeded
Philip
3d
,
who
married
Margaret
daughter
to
Charls
the
Arch
Duke
;
and
then
also
died
Theodor
Prince
of
Russia
in
whom
ended
the
Basilidan
race
.
Boris
Federovitzius
the
Queen
of
Russia's
brother
;
dealt
so
with
the
people
;
that
they
preferred
him
to
the
Nobility
in
competition
for
that
Scepter
,
which
by
their
favour
he
obtained
,
and
after
this
confirmed
it
by
his
successfull
expedition
against
the
Tartars
;
but
afterward
his
government
proved
Tyrannicall
:
Palfias
and
Barnestein
;
Imperiall
Commanders
defeat
the
Tartars
in
Panonia
,
and
besiege
Iavarin
,
but
upon
the
coming
of
the
Turks
,
the
siege
is
raised
.
The
Popes
Forces
which
were
levied
against
the
Turks
in
Panonia
,
were
imployed
against
Caesar
Atestinus
barstard
,
son
to
Alphonsus
of
Ferraria
,
who
by
the
sword
sought
to
obtain
the
antient
Titles
of
that
Dutchie
,
though
he
was
Anathematized
by
the
Pope
,
yet
he
fights
the
Romans
and
beats
them
:
but
at
last
finding
his
friends
fall
off
from
him
,
he
resignes
Ferraria
to
the
Pope
;
so
the
war
is
continued
against
the
Turk
,
and
Iaverin
taken
by
Swart-zemburg
,
with
the
loss
of
1600.
Turks
.
Sigismund
Batorius
for
fear
of
the
Turks
,
delivers
up
Ducia
or
Transylvania
to
Caesar
,
afterward
his
minde
changed
,
upon
the
perswasion
of
Andrew
Bator
Cardinall
,
his
kinsman
,
on
whom
he
confers
this
Principality
,
and
the
rather
,
because
the
promised
pension
was
not
paid
him
.
Hence
arose
wars
between
him
,
and
Maximilian
,
Caesar's
brother
,
which
incouraged
the
Turks
,
who
with
60000
men
beleaguer
Varadin
,
but
are
beat
off
again
;
and
so
is
Andrew
Bator
driven
out
of
Transylvania
by
the
Austrians
,
who
took
Alba
Iulia
,
or
Wasisngburg
,
with
divers
other
Towns.
Francis
Mendoza
the
Spanish
Mendoza
▪
On
the
other
side
,
Grave
Maurice
takes
divers
places
from
the
Spaniard
:
About
this
time
a
Monster
was
seen
at
Paris
like
a
Satyre
,
with
a
horn
on
his
head
.
Some
maids
,
both
in
France
and
Germany
,
fasted
3
years
or
more
.
A
strange
disease
called
Pl●…oa
,
or
Cirragra
,
invaded
Poland
and
Hungary
.
Ferdinand
Arch
Duke
,
son
of
Charls
that
was
Ralphs
Uncle
,
at
this
time
was
Governor
of
Styria
:
He
goeth
to
Rome
,
being
the
year
of
Iubilee
,
and
swears
to
the
Pope
,
to
extirpate
the
Protestants
within
his
jurisdiction
;
which
upon
the
Jesuits
instigation
,
he
did
accordingly
,
by
pillaging
and
banishing
all
of
the
Augustin
confession
throughout
Styria
,
Carinthia
and
Carniola
,
though
they
had
paid
for
their
freedome
of
conscience
a
great
sum
of
money
:
Cams●…
the
chief
Fort
of
Styria
is
besieged
by
the
Catholicks
,
who
were
forced
by
reason
of
the
cold
frost
,
(
which
in
one
night
killed
one
thousand
horsemen
)
to
raise
their
siege
,
to
leave
their
Artilery
and
baggage
behinde
them
.
In
Belgium
Albert
the
Arch
Duke
having
brought
his
wife
Isabel
to
Bruxels
,
is
sollicited
by
the
Confederates
to
send
away
all
the
Spaniards
out
of
the
Netherlands
,
if
he
would
have
peace
setled
there
.
To
this
he
would
not
assent
,
Ostend
.
Maurice
strives
to
prevent
him
:
At
Newport
a
battel
is
fought
,
in
the
beginning
of
which
,
Albert
had
the
better
;
till
the
Confederates
by
their
danger
grew
desperate
;
for
being
almost
inclosed
by
the
Sea
,
they
fell
so
furiously
on
their
enemies
,
that
the
vanquished
put
the
vanquishers
to
flight
,
having
killed
above
4000
,
with
the
loss
of
2000
of
their
own
;
one
hundred
Colours
were
taken
from
the
enemy
.
In
Transylvania
Michael
Valachus
Caesars
Generall
,
in
a
long
and
doubtfull
battel
,
defeats
Bators
Forces
,
and
subdues
also
a
great
part
of
Moldavia
:
He
was
much
envied
by
George
Basta
,
who
accused
him
to
Caesar
as
one
that
was
ambidexter
,
and
who
aimed
at
the
principality
of
Transylvania
himself
:
upon
this
,
the
chief
command
over
the
army
is
committed
to
Basta
,
whom
Valachus
scorns
to
be
under
,
therefore
he
goeth
to
the
Emperor
to
clear
himself
,
in
the
interim
Sigismund
is
again
received
by
his
people
,
and
acknowledged
for
Duke
of
Transylvania
;
hereupon
Valachus
is
sent
back
with
more
Forces
,
who
falls
on
the
Batorians
as
they
were
carelesly
marching
down
a
hill
,
and
with
his
great
Ordnance
so
galled
them
,
that
they
were
forced
to
run
;
ten
thousand
of
them
at
least
were
killed
,
and
so
being
incouraged
by
this
Victory
,
thrusts
Basta
out
of
his
command
,
by
whom
not
long
after
he
was
murthered
:
and
Dacia
now
swears
allegeance
to
Caesar.
Ba●…orius
is
driven
into
the
Town
Bistricia
,
Alba
Iulia.
But
at
last
in
a
Battel
he
is
killed
,
and
his
army
having
lost
128
Colours
,
quite
defeated
:
Mean
while
Mars
rageth
at
Ostend
for
almost
40
months
together
;
all
which
time
the
besieged
behaved
themselves
gallantly
,
by
often
sallies
,
and
bringing
in
Provision
through
the
mid'st
of
their
enemies
,
by
digging
a
new
harbour
,
when
the
old
was
obstructed
,
by
building
a
new
town
,
whilst
the
old
is
assaulted
;
by
their
many
conflicts
they
had
,
not
only
with
the
enemy
,
but
also
with
famin
and
sickness
,
during
which
siege
,
one
hundred
and
44
thousand
men
lost
their
lives
;
at
last
it
was
taken
by
the
art
and
industry
of
Ambrose
Spinola
:
For
which
one
Town
,
Maurice
took
Grave
the
Sluice
,
and
divers
other
places
.
After
this
the
Hollanders
,
and
the
other
confederate
provinces
About
this
time
almost
all
Livonia
is
made
subject
to
Charls
Suderman
,
except
a
few
Towns
on
the
borders
of
Muscovia
,
which
acknowledged
still
the
Polonian
Scepter
.
Such
devastation
was
every
where
in
the
fields
,
that
thirty
thousand
people
died
with
cold
and
famin
,
which
perswaded
some
of
them
to
eat
their
on
children
.
Charls
at
last
returns
to
Swede
,
and
accepts
of
that
Scepter
he
had
before
refused
.
King
Henry
4th
of
France
makes
a
Law
against
Duels
.
The
Savoyen
attempted
in
the
night
time
to
surprise
Geneva
,
two
Spain
:
Friesland
is
now
made
the
seat
of
the
war
:
Command
is
given
to
Count
Bucquoi
,
to
raise
Forces
about
the
Rhene
,
which
being
passed
over
by
Spinola
,
divers
Towns
are
taken
for
the
Spaniard
:
Maurice
attempts
Antwerp
,
and
Spinola
Berg
upon
Som
,
but
in
vain
:
Bucquoi
also
takes
some
places
.
Peace
again
is
proposed
by
the
Austrians
,
but
rejected
by
the
Hollanders
,
as
not
daring
to
trust
the
Spaniard
.
The
antient
City
of
Aix
,
as
also
Marpurg
of
Hessia
,
were
much
shaken
and
weakned
upon
the
change
of
Religion
,
and
admittance
of
Calvinisme
.
Brunswig
was
at
first
like
to
be
betrayed
,
but
the
Plot
was
discovered
and
prevented
:
Then
Henricus
Iulius
,
the
neighbouring
Prince
,
thought
to
have
surprised
it
by
hiding
of
armed
men
in
Waggons
within
the
works
,
but
the
Townsmen
defeated
and
slew
them
:
at
last
this
broke
out
into
an
open
war.
The
Duke
besiegeth
Brunswig
,
dams
up
the
river
that
it
had
almost
drowned
the
Town
,
till
a
strong
winde
broke
down
the
banks
,
and
gave
way
for
the
water
to
return
into
its
old
channel
:
At
last
by
Caesars
command
,
a
truce
is
made
,
and
the
differences
referred
to
Arbitration
:
In
Rome
Pope
Clement
8th
being
dead
,
great
contestation
ariseth
about
the
election
of
a
new
Pope
;
The
French
faction
stood
for
Caesar
Baronius
the
great
Annalist
;
but
the
Spaniard
opposed
him
,
because
he
had
no
good
opinion
of
his
claim
,
and
Title
to
Scicily
:
Some
were
for
Bellarmin
the
great
Catholick
Champion
,
but
he
was
withstood
by
the
Montaltan
Faction
:
At
length
Alexander
Medices
being
70
years
old
,
is
chosen
;
who
calls
himself
Leo
,
but
he
died
the
25
day
after
;
whose
successor
was
Camillus
Burgesius
,
afterward
called
Paul
5th
.
In
Russia
great
commotions
were
raised
by
one
Demetrius
,
who
gave
out
he
was
the
son
of
Iohannes
Basilides
,
who
was
thought
to
have
been
murthered
by
Boris
Fedrovitzius
long
agoe
:
He
appearing
on
the
Scene
,
gave
out
that
he
was
hid
in
Monasteries
,
and
educated
by
the
Jesuits
,
that
he
might
be
the
more
inabled
for
Government
:
The
King
of
Poland
believed
this
had
been
the
true
heir
,
therefore
assists
him
with
an
Army
,
and
bestowes
his
daughter
on
him
.
Shortly
after
he
marcheth
with
his
Forces
into
Russia
,
gets
the
Cossacks
to
side
with
him
.
Many
Towns
and
Castles
fall
off
to
him
,
in
hatred
of
Fedrovitzius
his
Tyranny
:
In
his
first
Incounter
with
Boris
he
was
worsted
,
but
in
the
second
he
got
the
Victory
,
and
withall
the
life
of
Boris
,
who
was
slain
and
his
children
poysoned
.
Demetrius
with
the
great
acclamations
of
the
people
,
enters
Mosqua
,
where
he
is
Crowned
;
then
he
makes
a
league
with
the
Polander
,
whose
daughter
he
brings
in
great
state
from
Poland
and
married
her
:
But
the
Russian
Nobility
storming
at
the
Polonian
insolencies
and
pride
,
conspire
against
them
,
and
the
rather
,
because
they
are
perswaded
that
this
Demetrius
is
a
counterfeit
:
The
people
also
siding
with
the
Peers
,
fall
to
murthering
of
the
Polonians
,
whereof
1200
were
massacred
,
besides
400
Russians
disguised
in
Polonian
habits
.
Demetrius
is
wounded
in
many
places
of
his
body
,
and
disgracefully
used
;
his
Bride
stript
of
all
her
wealth
and
ornaments
,
and
sent
back
to
Poland
in
a
poor
habit
.
Basilius
Iohanides
,
the
chief
man
of
the
Conspirators
,
is
by
the
consent
of
all
the
Peers
,
proclaimed
Prince
.
And
Demetrius
his
carcass
drawn
naked
up
and
down
by
a
rope
tied
to
his
privities
.
At
Venice
some
antient
Laws
were
renewed
;
among
the
rest
,
that
none
should
erect
Churches
or
Monasteries
,
nor
bestow
lands
or
houses
on
the
Clergy
,
without
the
Senats
approbation
;
they
had
also
imprisoned
some
scandalous
Priests
.
The
Jesuits
acquaint
Claudius
Aquavia
the
Generall
of
their
Order
,
with
these
proceedings
.
Pope
Clement
8th
being
a
moderate
man
,
winks
at
the
business
;
But
Paul
5th
of
a
more
violent
spirit
,
Commands
the
Venetians
to
abrogate
those
Laws
,
which
they
refusing
to
do
,
were
excommunicated
,
and
their
whole
Territories
put
under
an
interdict
:
Yet
most
of
the
Clergy
took
no
notice
of
the
Pope's
anger
,
but
officiated
as
before
.
The
Jesuits
offended
at
this
,
remove
thence
to
other
places
,
and
write
bitterly
,
(
chiefly
Bellarmin
and
Baronius
)
against
the
Venetians
,
whose
cause
is
maintained
by
Francis
Paulis
Servita
,
and
Iohannes
Marsilius
:
At
last
they
fell
from
words
to
blowes
,
Armies
are
raised
on
both
sides
,
the
Spaniards
assist
the
Pope
,
and
the
Hollanders
the
Venetian
;
at
length
the
controversie
is
taken
up
by
the
French
King
:
The
Venetians
are
injoyned
to
set
free
the
prisoners
,
and
not
to
stretch
the
execution
of
their
Lawes
,
further
then
their
Ancestors
intent
and
meaning
;
So
the
Pope's
curse
was
revoked
,
and
the
Jesuits
banished
out
of
the
Venetian
Territories
.
In
Poland
,
Iohn
Samoiscius
had
thrown
the
Jesuits
out
of
his
Colledge
;
after
whose
death
they
grew
very
great
with
the
King
,
stopping
his
ears
against
the
Protestants
complaints
,
whose
Church
at
Posomium
they
burned
;
upon
this
,
the
Nobility
calls
a
Parliament
,
and
shortly
after
these
Parliamentier
s
,
or
Rachosians
(
for
so
they
were
called
)
take
up
arms
against
the
King
;
one
thousand
of
whose
men
they
killed
,
and
put
the
rest
to
flight
,
and
had
not
most
of
the
Parliaments
Army
fallen
off
to
the
King
,
they
had
been
absolutely
victorious
.
Then
arms
being
laid
down
on
both
sides
,
the
differences
are
referred
to
a
free
Parliament
;
meanwhile
the
people
tumultuously
thrust
the
Jesuits
out
of
their
Monastery
of
St
Briget
at
Gedanum
;
and
at
Thorun
they
Alepo
,
Damascus
,
and
Tripolis
,
was
willing
to
make
peace
with
the
Christians
,
therefore
it
is
resolved
there
should
be
peace
for
20
years
,
during
which
time
,
Achmet
Sultan
should
call
Caesar
Father
;
and
he
Achmet
his
son
:
That
likewise
both
Caesars
should
every
third
year
entertain
friendship
,
by
saluting
each
other
with
presents
:
Botscadus
the
chief
promoter
of
this
transaction
,
shortly
after
died
.
Ragotscius
is
elected
,
whose
help
the
Rachokans
of
Poland
required
,
but
he
refused
,
holding
it
unlawfull
for
them
to
rise
against
their
Prince
:
And
to
shew
how
little
he
regarded
dominion
,
he
laid
down
again
his
Principalitie
,
and
trasmitted
it
to
Gabriel
Batorius
;
at
which
time
the
Persian
Ambassador
at
Prague
,
highly
commending
the
power
of
his
Master
,
and
shewing
how
resolved
he
was
to
overthrow
the
Ottoman
Family
,
made
Rudolph
slow
in
entring
into
league
with
the
Turk
.
Mean
while
Mathias
grew
gracious
with
the
Hungarians
,
and
makes
way
with
the
Nobility
for
his
election
.
This
same
year
was
seen
a
Commet
over
Germany
,
portending
ensuing
troubles
there
;
for
at
Donaverd
,
a
Town
in
Suevia
upon
the
Danow
,
the
Towns
people
contumeliously
abused
the
Abbot
,
as
he
was
carrying
the
Banner
and
Cross
in
procession
:
For
which
cause
they
are
proscribed
by
Caesar
,
and
subdued
by
Maximilian
of
Bavaria
,
though
they
had
proferred
satisfaction
to
the
Abbot
.
This
occasioned
some
differences
among
the
Princes
of
the
Empire
;
the
Protestants
desiring
the
Town
to
be
restored
again
to
its
liberty
,
which
the
Catholicks
would
not
hearken
to
.
Mean
while
,
in
Belgium
the
War
continues
,
and
divers
Towns
are
taken
and
re-taken
;
A
military
sedition
is
raised
in
Alberts
Army
,
which
could
not
bee
appeased
,
till
Diesta
was
pawned
to
them
for
their
pay
,
which
they
received
shortly
after
.
Divers
of
the
Mutineers
were
banished
,
and
some
that
stay'd
behinde
executed
.
The
Hollanders
prepare
a
Fleet
for
the
West-Indies
,
which
made
the
Spaniard
and
Archduke
propose
a
peace
,
to
which
the
united
States
were
inclined
,
if
they
Iohn
Naius
a
Franciscan
,
is
sent
to
King
Philip
,
but
he
staid
so
long
,
that
the
French
and
Danish
Agents
went
away
;
and
so
the
peace
came
French
,
English
,
and
other
Princes
Ambassadors
,
in
which
libertie
of
commerce
was
left
to
the
pleasure
of
the
Spaniard
in
his
dominions
without
Europe
;
Yet
he
was
not
to
debar
the
Hollanders
that
were
imployed
by
Forraign
Princes
,
in
their
commerce
to
the
Indies
.
In
Germany
,
Mathias
Caesar's
brother
comes
with
an
Army
into
Bohemia
,
to
disappoint
(
as
it
was
given
out
)
the
Spanish
intent
,
who
had
resolved
to
settle
Ferdinand
the
Archduke
in
Hungary
,
and
the
other
Principalities
of
Austria
,
because
he
was
more
addicted
to
the
Pope
then
the
rest
.
The
Bohemians
promise
to
maintain
Caesar's
Title
with
their
arms
,
if
he
would
after
the
example
of
Maximilian
,
permit
them
to
injoy
their
conscience
,
this
their
Petition
was
deferred
,
therefore
Mathias
was
to
receive
Hungary
and
Austria
,
who
presently
forbids
the
exercise
of
the
Protestant
Religion
:
The
Bohemians
take
arms
with
intent
to
defend
themselves
,
but
withall
,
they
humbly
petition
that
they
might
have
the
same
liberty
in
Religion
which
Hungary
and
Austria
injoyed
:
To
this
the
Prince
assented
,
and
the
Emperor
by
his
Letters
Pattents
confirmed
;
who
also
committed
to
them
the
ordering
of
the
Universitie
of
Prague
.
The
not
observing
of
this
Grant
,
was
the
occasion
of
future
warrs
.
Shortly
after
followed
the
troubles
of
Iuliers
,
for
Iohannes
Gulielmus
dying
childless
,
The
Elector
of
Brandeburg
,
the
Palatine
of
Newburg
,
and
divers
others
laid
claim
to
it
in
right
of
their
marriages
with
the
sisters
of
Iohn
defunct
;
but
the
Emperor
pretending
that
it
was
in
his
power
to
decide
the
controversie
,
sends
Leopolde
of
Austria
,
to
rule
Iuliers
in
his
right
,
and
in
the
name
of
the
Empire
.
Leopold's
part
is
maintained
by
the
Catholick
Princes
,
but
Brandeburg
,
and
Newburg
,
by
the
Protestants
:
Hence
were
divers
meetings
of
Catholicks
and
Protestants
,
a
part
;
at
Hala
in
Suevia
the
Protestants
meet
,
at
Herlipolis
the
Catholicks
:
hence
confederacies
with
forraign
Princes
to
the
ruine
of
Germany
.
Brandeburg
and
the
Palatine
raise
Forces
,
and
take
in
most
Towns
of
that
Dutchie
,
except
Iuliers
,
the
City
which
Leopold
Grave
Maurice
,
after
two
months
siege
;
at
length
both
sides
lay
down
arms
,
who
choose
certain
Judges
at
Golen
to
decide
the
controversie
,
but
to
no
purpose
.
About
this
time
Gambalot
the
Satrapa
of
Alepo
being
defeated
by
the
Turks
,
and
deserted
by
his
friends
,
obtains
pardon
from
Achmet
,
upon
promise
that
he
would
turn
his
Forces
against
the
Persian
;
who
notwithstanding
continues
his
expeditions
,
and
desires
the
Pope's
aid
,
by
promising
him
power
over
all
the
Christians
within
his
Dominions
:
He
sollicites
Caesars
assistance
by
shewing
what
advantage
it
will
be
for
him
to
joyn
with
so
potent
a
friend
as
the
Persian
,
against
the
Turk
:
For
this
cause
the
Pope
injoynes
the
Religious
houses
to
maintain
some
professers
of
the
Hebrew
and
Arabick
tongues
,
that
he
may
imploy
them
among
the
Eastern
Christians
.
The
Polander
having
composed
his
differences
with
the
Rackosians
,
prepares
to
be
revenged
,
both
on
the
Russian
and
Swede
,
for
the
wrongs
received
from
them
;
and
with
prosperous
success
he
defeats
the
Sweds
in
Livonia
,
and
the
Russians
in
Lituania
.
He
besiegeth
also
Smolenscum
,
the
Metropolis
of
Lituania
,
and
after
two
years
siege
,
takes
it
,
where
200
thousand
Muscovits
lost
their
lives
.
Novograd
submits
to
Sigismund
,
and
so
doth
the
Cham
of
Tartar.
Vilna
is
burned
by
the
Muscovits
.
In
Holland
Arminius
being
called
from
his
Ministeriall
charge
in
Amsterdam
,
to
be
Divinity
professor
in
Leyden
,
conferred
with
Iunius
by
Letters
,
about
the
point
of
Predestination
,
and
some
other
Articles
,
he
was
opposed
by
Gomarus
the
other
Divinity
professor
,
who
with
Iunius
stood
stifly
to
Calvin's
doctrine
:
Divers
disputes
and
conferences
were
held
about
these
points
,
so
that
Schollars
,
Magistrates
,
and
inferior
people
fell
out
into
factions
,
Arminius's
Disciples
were
called
Remonstrantes
;
Calvin's
Contraremonstrantes
.
This
controversie
was
like
to
have
ruined
these
Provinces
,
so
violent
was
the
contestation
between
them
.
Arminius
mean
while
died
,
the
9th
year
of
this
last
century
.
About
whose
successor
Vorstius
,
there
was
no
small
trouble
,
some
stifly
maintaining
him
,
others
accusing
him
as
a
Schismatick
and
Heretick
in
his
opinions
of
the
divine
attributes
,
but
at
length
King
Iames
got
him
to
be
removed
from
Leyden
;
threatning
to
renounce
all
friendship
and
league
with
them
,
if
he
were
not
deposed
;
So
he
was
sent
to
Gauda
,
and
Arminianisme
by
degrees
suppressed
.
This
year
1612
,
died
Caesar
Rodolphus
,
in
whose
Bohemia
,
Buduise
is
taken
by
Stratagem
,
and
the
lesser
Prague
by
storm
.
Mathias
comming
to
aid
the
Bohemians
,
obtains
that
Kingdome
from
Caesar
,
upon
promise
of
payment
of
a
yearly
pension
.
Leopold's
army
fearing
the
power
of
Mathias
,
having
received
their
pay
,
remove
from
thence
.
Rodolphus
died
as
the
Civill
wars
of
Germany
were
beginning
to
break
out
,
having
reigned
35
years
,
he
left
behinde
him
a
rich
treasure
,
he
was
a
good
Prince
,
but
too
much
addicted
to
women
,
yet
without
Legitimate
children
:
His
3
brothers
Mathias
,
Maximilian
,
and
Albert
,
were
also
childless
;
Therefore
his
cousin
German
was
his
heir
.
So
the
estate
of
Maximilian
is
devolved
upon
the
children
of
his
brother
Charls
,
who
by
Mary
of
Bavaria
had
5
sons
,
and
10
daughters
,
the
eldest
son
Ferdinand
,
after
Matthias
,
obtained
the
Transylvania
Batorius
lost
the
greatest
part
of
Valachia
;
but
he
overthrew
Thorgascius
,
who
strove
to
make
King
Matthias
Master
of
Transylvania
,
but
he
was
defeated
by
Batorius
,
and
driven
into
the
woods
,
there
he
lived
in
great
misery
,
till
he
went
to
Poland
,
where
he
expected
preferment
,
Sutscius
being
sent
thence
with
an
army
against
Muscovia
,
which
was
overthrown
by
the
Russians
,
and
withall
the
Polander
lost
Smolenscum
:
Batorius
in
hatred
to
the
Turks
,
applies
himself
to
the
Austrians
,
so
that
Gabor
by
the
Sultans
assistance
,
makes
way
to
invade
that
Principalitie
.
A
conference
between
the
Roman
Catholicks
and
Protestants
was
held
at
Ratisbon
,
but
to
no
purpose
,
for
the
one
would
have
the
Church
,
the
other
the
Scripture
,
to
be
judge
;
the
one
would
have
traditions
with
Scripture
,
the
other
Scripture
alone
,
to
be
the
rule
of
controversies
.
About
this
time
,
the
brothers
of
the
Rosie
Cross
,
bragging
much
of
their
perfection
and
knowledge
appeared
awhile
,
and
then
vanished
.
In
Affrica
,
Fesse
and
Maroco
being
worne
out
with
mutuall
wars
,
are
both
subdued
by
Mule
Sidan
King
of
Fesse
,
who
had
been
driven
out
of
his
Kingdome
by
his
brothers
.
This
mans
Uncle
Schequus
,
in
recompence
of
the
money
and
aid
he
had
from
Spain
,
delivers
over
to
the
King
of
Spain
,
the
strong
Fort
Alarachia
on
the
Affrican
shore
,
near
Hercules
his
Pillars
.
Philip
drives
out
of
Spain
the
Moores
,
who
had
been
ancient
Inhabitants
,
upon
pretence
that
they
had
invited
the
Affricans
,
and
Turks
into
Spain
.
These
being
stript
of
all
except
a
little
Viaticum
,
are
shipped
at
sundry
times
(
for
there
were
900
thousand
of
them
)
and
exposed
on
the
Affrican
shore
to
hunger
,
cold
,
and
the
sword
.
CHAP.
XVIII
.
The
affairs
of
Germany
,
Denmark
,
Swedland
,
Holland
,
Russia
,
Italy
,
Hungary
,
Bohemia
,
Transylvania
,
Poland
,
Grisons
,
France
,
Switzers
,
&c.
under
Matthias
and
Ferdinand
2d
,
Emperors
;
from
the
yeare
1612.
till
1626.
MAtthias
succeeded
to
his
brother
Rodolphus
in
the
Empire
:
He
calls
a
Diet
at
Ratisbon
,
at
which
were
present
all
the
Protestant
Princes
,
except
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
who
had
lost
the
possession
of
Iuliers
:
And
Lodowick
of
Hassia
,
German
,
Maurice
was
stript
of
the
Government
of
Marpurg
;
therefore
were
both
discontented
.
Here
the
protestants
complain
,
that
in
Spire
,
Vienna
,
and
other
places
of
Judicature
,
the
Judges
were
all
,
or
most
of
them
Catholicks
,
and
that
therefore
the
protestants
were
subject
to
all
inconveniences
,
having
no
other
Judges
but
their
enemies
.
Achmat
Sultan
,
against
Batorius
,
for
siding
with
Caesar
,
and
indeavouring
to
deliver
the
possession
of
Dacia
to
him
.
Upon
this
the
Turk
strives
to
make
Bethleem
Gabor
Fiduciarie
Prince
of
Transylvania
under
him
.
Batorius
having
weakned
himself
by
his
cruelty
upon
the
Saxons
in
Dacia
,
putting
to
death
promiscuously
every
one
that
was
but
suspected
of
treachery
,
was
for
want
of
strength
defeated
by
Gabor
,
assisted
with
the
Turks
Forces
,
and
at
last
was
killed
at
Varadinum
,
by
the
treachery
of
his
servants
.
Gabor
satisfieth
the
Turk
by
giving
him
Lippa
with
some
other
Forts
,
and
pacified
Cesar
by
swearing
fealty
to
him
.
Achmet
had
a
great
mind
to
pick
a
quarrel
with
the
Panonians
,
but
was
hindred
by
the
Arabian
sedition
;
in
which
the
Sultan
lost
Adenum
:
the
Governour
also
of
Damascus
was
overthrown
in
a
great
battel
,
by
the
son
of
Emeris
Saida
,
who
derived
his
pedigree
from
Godfred
of
Bullion
.
After
Christian
of
Denmark
,
had
taken
Calmaria
and
Elsburg
,
the
Swedes
two
chief
Forts
,
upon
the
Baltic
and
the
Hesperian
sea
,
a
great
mortality
by
the
plague
ensued
,
which
occasioned
a
peace
;
wherein
was
articled
that
the
Swede
should
relinquish
his
title
of
Lapponia
,
and
should
pay
12
Tuns
of
gold
to
the
Dane
,
for
his
expences
on
the
last
war
;
till
the
payment
of
which
sum
,
Elsburg
should
be
left
in
pawn
.
The
Hollanders
at
Constantinople
,
make
a
League
with
the
Turk
for
commerce
.
At
Aix
and
Colen
,
a
sedition
is
raised
against
the
Catholicks
;
at
Francfort
,
At
Colen
many
who
were
forbid
the
exercise
of
their
religion
,
remove
to
Mulheim
two
miles
from
the
City
;
they
of
Colen
fearing
lest
that
new
Town
of
Mulheim
should
out-run
in
wealth
,
inhabitants
,
and
priviledges
,
their
ancient
City
,
they
labour
to
hinder
the
building
and
increase
thereof
.
Brandeburg
and
Newburg
,
are
inhibited
by
Cesar
from
the
building
of
that
place
,
and
the
inhabitants
are
threatned
with
destruction
.
Mean
while
,
Wolfgangus
Gulielmus
of
Newburg
,
and
Georgius
Gulielmus
Marquess
,
the
Electors
son
,
Princes
near
of
kin
,
fell
out
about
the
possession
of
their
mothers
lands
;
and
withall
differed
in
religion
:
for
Newburg
having
married
Magdalen
of
Bavaria
,
becomes
Catholick
,
the
other
a
Calvanist
,
who
by
the
assistance
of
Holland
,
fortifies
Iuliers
,
as
Newburg
had
done
the
same
at
Dusseldorp
.
Cesar
proscribes
Aix
for
turning
out
their
ancient
Senators
,
and
the
execution
of
this
Edict
is
committed
to
Albert
Cesars
brother
.
Newburg
puts
Cesars
sentence
in
execution
concerning
Mulheim
,
which
he
destroyeth
;
the
Elector
of
Brandeburg
complains
of
these
Edicts
;
as
being
against
law
;
in
the
interim
,
Spinola
seizeth
upon
Aix
,
and
restores
the
Senators
;
the
Protestants
fly
,
they
that
remained
,
were
punished
;
he
overthrows
the
remainders
of
Mulheim
,
and
brings
under
the
subjection
of
Newburg
,
Vesalia
,
upon
the
Rhen
,
and
other
Towns
of
the
Principality
of
Iuliers
.
Maurice
being
called
upon
by
Brandeburg
,
takes
in
Emerec
and
some
other
places
.
Newburg
upon
the
death
of
his
Father
Philip
Ludovick
,
sets
up
the
Roman
Religion
in
his
Dominions
,
and
Brandeburg
advanceth
Calvinism
in
his
Lands
;
that
he
might
remove
as
much
in
opinion
,
as
he
was
in
affection
from
Newburg
.
At
Berlin
the
people
mutiny
for
changing
Lutheranism
into
Calvanism
,
which
they
hated
.
The
Iews
for
their
great
extortion
are
driven
out
of
Francfort
,
but
brought
back
again
in
great
pomp
.
At
Wormes
also
some
Iews
are
banished
:
at
Salinae
in
Thuringia
,
one
Ezekiel
Meth
,
gave
himself
out
to
be
the
great
Michael
,
and
Immortal
Word
of
God
;
but
by
experience
,
he
found
himself
to
be
mortal
and
miserable
.
Smalcius
a
Socinian
,
denyeth
Christs
Divinity
,
which
blasphemy
is
entertained
in
Sarmatia
and
Dacia
,
at
this
day
.
About
this
time
Russia
is
much
infested
by
the
Polander
and
Swedes
,
many
Russians
did
now
serve
the
Polander
in
this
war
,
in
hope
his
son
Laudislaus
should
be
Prince
of
Muscovia
:
but
those
mutinying
for
want
of
pay
,
gave
occasion
to
the
Tartars
to
invade
Podolia
.
But
these
Muscovites
being
pacified
by
gold
and
large
promises
,
overthrew
three
several
Armies
of
their
Countrey-men
.
Neuda
,
Plescovia
,
and
other
Russian
Towns
,
are
taken
by
the
Polander
and
Swede
.
Mosqua
is
burned
by
the
Polonians
,
the
Russians
resenting
these
losses
,
Michael
Federovitius
,
who
sends
Embassadors
to
Cesar
and
the
Polander
for
peace
;
to
which
both
assented
.
The
death
of
Francis
Duke
of
Mantua
,
caused
a
war
in
Italy
;
for
Cardinal
Ferdinand
Gonzaga
,
the
defuncts
brother
,
puts
aside
his
hat
,
thinks
of
marriage
,
and
layeth
hold
upon
his
Ancestors
Principality
;
from
him
Charles
Emanuel
,
of
Savoy
,
demands
his
daughters
Dowry
,
who
had
been
married
to
Francis
:
and
withall
the
Marchionat
of
Montferrat
the
Mantuan
,
being
assisted
by
the
vice
Duke
of
Millan
,
who
was
a
Spaniard
,
did
claim
Montferrat
for
himself
;
and
having
raised
an
Army
of
Spaniards
,
opposeth
the
Savoyen
,
who
stoutly
made
resistance
,
till
a
peace
was
made
,
and
the
Mantuan
promised
to
pay
the
Dowry
or
portion
to
Margaret
;
the
other
differences
were
referred
to
arbitration
.
But
when
the
Spaniard
proposed
hard
conditions
to
the
Savoyen
,
the
war
broke
out
more
violently
then
before
,
to
the
great
effusion
of
bloud
;
the
French
and
Switzers
held
with
the
Savoyen
,
the
Italians
and
Spaniards
,
with
the
Mantuan
.
The
Vice
Duke
gains
Vercellae
for
the
Spaniard
,
when
in
the
interim
the
Savoyen
wasts
many
places
in
the
Dutchy
of
Millan
.
At
last
,
the
eighteenth
year
of
this
Century
,
restitution
was
made
on
both
sides
,
and
a
peace
concluded
in
Germany
.
Henry
of
Iuliers
,
offended
with
Brunswick
,
obtains
a
proscription
against
that
City
,
from
Ralph
the
Emperor
;
the
Dukes
son
Frederick
had
made
peace
with
them
,
if
they
would
have
delivered
him
a
key
to
open
their
city
gate
at
his
pleasure
;
this
being
denyed
,
he
besiegeth
them
.
During
which
time
,
12000
of
the
besiegers
,
and
3000
of
the
besieged
,
were
slain
.
At
length
about
the
fourth
moneth
after
the
siege
began
,
a
peace
is
made
,
in
which
it
was
agreed
,
that
the
City
,
as
their
Ancestors
had
done
,
should
swear
Allegeance
to
the
Duke
.
The
proscription
should
be
cancelled
,
the
old
commerce
between
the
Duke
and
City
should
be
renued
,
and
that
future
controversies
shall
be
decided
by
Law
,
not
by
the
sword
.
The
Venetians
were
infested
both
on
sea
and
land
,
by
the
Croats
plundring
Matthias
Cesar
,
is
made
King
of
Bohemia
,
by
the
consent
of
his
two
brothers
Albert
and
Maximilian
,
on
this
condition
,
that
whilst
the
Emperour
lived
,
he
should
not
meddle
with
the
government
.
Hereupon
he
is
crowned
,
nobly
entertained
by
the
Saxon
,
and
fealty
sworn
to
him
by
the
Moravians
▪
Silesians
,
and
Lusatians
.
After
a
bloudy
war
between
him
and
Venice
,
a
peace
is
concluded
;
and
the
mercenary
Croats
,
thieves
rather
then
soldiers
,
must
avoid
Senga
,
in
which
Town
Ferdinand
was
to
place
a
Garison
of
Germans
.
The
confederate
Belgians
had
now
redeemed
from
the
English
Flissing
and
Briel
,
which
were
pawned
to
Queen
Elizabeth
.
At
Amsterdam
and
Delph
great
troubles
about
Arminianism
.
The
Excise
of
Wine
being
diminished
,
and
of
Corn
encreased
,
so
enraged
the
people
,
that
they
brake
in
upon
the
State
,
or
Councel-House
flung
the
Excise
money
up
and
down
,
and
forced
the
Senate
to
take
off
that
Excise
.
In
this
scuffle
,
the
women
there
plaid
the
Amazons
,
and
no
wonder
when
one
of
them
had
been
married
successively
to
twenty
five
husbands
.
The
Arminians
finding
their
adversaries
too
strong
,
and
that
a
Synod
was
called
against
them
,
were
advised
by
Barnevilde
,
Grotius
and
others
,
to
raise
forces
at
Utricht
,
Leyden
and
Harlem
,
for
their
defence
,
alledging
that
each
Congregation
had
power
to
choose
their
own
Pastor
:
but
Grave
Maurice
sooner
then
was
expected
,
came
upon
Utricht
,
seizeth
on
the
watch
,
disarms
the
Citizens
,
imprisons
the
conspirators
,
and
placeth
there
Calvinian
ministers
;
which
much
disheartned
the
Remonstrants
.
In
this
mean
while
,
the
Holland
ships
finde
out
another
passage
to
the
Moluccas
beyond
the
Strait
of
Magellan
:
in
two
years
space
they
pass
the
Line
five
times
.
In
Russia
before
the
peace
was
made
,
the
Polonians
out
of
Smolenscum
,
made
an
irruption
on
the
Russians
,
of
Gustavus
Adolphus
King
of
Swede
,
should
retain
five
Towns
:
that
neither
of
them
should
assist
the
Polander
with
arms
.
In
Livonia
some
Towns
are
taken
by
the
Swede
,
but
by
the
treachery
of
Furnesbec
they
are
surprised
by
the
Polander
.
The
protestants
in
Germany
celebrate
a
Jubilee
this
year
1617.
being
a
full
Century
since
Luther
began
to
oppose
indulgences
.
At
this
the
Roman
Catholicks
did
much
storm
,
and
indeed
this
Evangelical
Jubilee
(
as
they
call
it
)
hath
occasioned
much
sorrow
in
Germany
ever
since
:
for
then
the
Pope
and
Princes
began
to
consult
about
suppressing
of
Lutheranism
;
the
brand
was
set
on
fire
in
Bohemia
,
which
caused
that
woful
conflagration
in
Germany
,
presaged
The
Papists
in
Hungary
and
Bohemia
,
taking
offence
at
some
Churches
lately
erected
by
the
Protestants
,
shuts
them
up
,
or
defaceth
them
.
The
Protestants
complain
to
the
Bishop
of
Prague
and
Abbot
of
Brunonia
,
that
this
was
against
the
Laws
of
Rodolphus
and
Matthias
;
it
was
answered
that
none
had
power
to
build
Churches
in
their
Territories
,
without
their
consent
,
and
that
therefore
the
protestants
were
justly
punished
.
Then
they
appeal
to
Cesar
,
who
gave
them
no
satisfaction
:
he
being
now
gone
from
Vienna
,
to
be
neerer
Ferdinands
Coronation
in
Hungary
,
the
protestant
Princes
call
a
Diet
,
to
consult
about
preserving
of
their
religion
:
upon
this
,
Cesar
is
made
believe
that
such
conventicles
as
they
called
them
,
were
of
dangerous
consequence
,
tending
to
the
Emperors
overthrow
;
and
that
therefore
under
pain
of
his
highest
displeasure
,
they
should
be
dissolved
.
At
this
they
were
so
exasperated
,
that
they
flung
their
Scribe
,
and
two
more
out
of
the
Castle
window
,
accusing
them
as
betrayers
of
their
countries
liberties
,
in
appealing
to
Cesar
,
yet
their
lives
were
saved
.
They
set
a
guard
of
soldiers
upon
Sternberg
,
the
Governor
of
the
Castle
and
Kingdom
;
they
secure
Prague
,
and
throw
the
Iesuits
out
of
Bohemia
;
and
presently
by
their
letters
to
Cesar
,
and
their
publick
declarations
,
they
justifie
what
they
had
done
.
But
Cesar
condemns
their
proceedings
as
seditious
,
exhorts
the
Princes
not
to
countenance
them
,
and
forbids
levying
of
soldiers
,
promising
that
if
the
Bohemians
would
be
quiet
,
he
would
not
stir
,
otherwise
he
would
raise
such
an
army
as
should
chastise
their
contumacy
.
With
this
the
people
were
contented
,
promising
to
be
peaceable
,
and
desiring
no
force
might
be
raised
.
Nor
was
Cesar
averse
to
peace
,
but
some
turbulent
spirits
who
could
place
no
security
in
peace
,
being
guilty
of
the
breach
thereof
,
and
fearful
of
Cesars
displeasure
,
resolve
to
make
war.
Hereupon
Cesar
by
Tampir
and
Bucquoi
,
raiseth
an
army
,
Bohemia
draws
the
Silesians
and
Lusatians
to
joyn
with
them
;
they
besiege
Budvise
a
Town
wholly
Cesarian
,
and
place
a
Garison
in
Crumavia
.
Tampir
takes
in
Bistricium
,
and
being
repulsed
from
Newhouse
,
plunders
the
Suburbs
,
then
takes
Pilgron
:
Count
Bucquoi
comes
with
a
bigger
army
to
Saslavia
,
where
a
doubtfull
battell
is
fought
,
many
slain
on
both
sides
;
the
Palatin
and
Saxon
Electors
would
fain
have
hid
the
sparkles
under
the
ashes
.
But
it
was
now
too
late
,
for
the
fire
was
broke
out
into
a
flame
.
Mansfield
takes
Pilsna
for
the
Bohemians
,
Bucquoi
fights
him
;
and
comes
to
Budvise
,
takes
Crumavia
:
Tampir
returning
with
great
plunder
to
Vienna
,
is
met
by
the
enemy
,
and
plundred
of
his
plunder
.
Turren
makes
excursions
upon
Austria
;
the
protestants
there
being
angry
with
Cesar
,
for
undertaking
so
rash
a
war
,
without
their
knowledge
.
The
Saxon
Elector
laboureth
for
a
cessation
,
till
peace
be
concluded
:
the
Bohemians
doubt
of
Cesars
fidelity
in
keeping
the
peace
.
Divers
Commanders
at
Vienna
Ferdinand
2d
,
succeeded
in
the
Empire
,
he
was
grand
child
to
Ferdinand
first
by
his
son
Charls
.
In
his
first
Letters
Patents
he
establisheth
the
priviledges
of
Bohemia
,
and
the
publick
Officers
of
the
kingdom
,
setting
by
Matthias
,
but
now
thrust
out
by
the
Peers
.
This
was
disliked
by
the
Bohemians
,
therefore
they
resolve
to
stand
upon
their
guard
.
The
inhabitants
whom
Bucquoi
affrighted
with
divers
irruptions
,
are
commanded
to
be
in
arms
.
Turren
breaks
in
upon
Moravia
,
and
forceth
them
to
side
with
Bohemia
.
Wallenstein
goeth
to
Hungary
for
aid
from
thence
.
Turren
having
over-run
Austria
,
faces
Vienna
,
and
takes
the
Suburbs
,
where
he
quartered
some
days
as
it
were
in
the
Kings
presence
.
But
whilst
he
is
drawing
the
Hungarian
,
and
Austrian
protestants
to
confederate
with
him
,
Bucquois
army
increaseth
by
new
supplies
from
Italy
,
Hungary
,
and
Belgium
:
With
these
he
fights
Mansfield
,
and
defeats
him
.
Upon
this
divers
Towns
open
their
gates
to
him
,
who
laden
with
spoil
enters
triumphantly
Budveisa
;
this
caused
Turren
to
hasten
his
return
into
Bohemia
.
Bucquois
army
now
consisting
of
17000
,
takes
divers
Towns
upon
surrender
.
Tampir
is
sent
against
Moravia
.
Turren
being
beaten
back
from
Vienna
,
King
Ferdinand
comes
to
Francfort
,
where
the
Elector
of
Mintz
,
calls
a
Diet
for
installing
of
the
Emperour
.
This
troubled
the
Bohemians
,
that
Ferdinand
whom
they
went
about
to
un-King
,
should
sit
among
the
Electors
as
King
of
Bohemia
:
therefore
they
send
Agents
and
Letters
,
to
keep
him
off
from
voting
,
whom
they
held
to
be
no
King.
But
their
labour
was
in
vain
,
for
not
only
was
he
acknowledged
one
of
the
Electors
,
but
also
was
chosen
and
consecrated
Emperor
.
The
Bohemians
on
the
contrary
,
kill
the
Tampirians
in
Moravia
,
and
throw
the
Iesuits
out
of
Silesia
,
Moravia
,
and
Hungary
.
Besides
,
the
very
next
day
that
Ferdinand
was
made
Cesar
,
they
depose
him
at
Prague
,
and
in
his
place
chose
Frederic
the
Palatin
.
When
as
the
Electors
had
cited
them
to
Ratisbon
,
for
deciding
of
the
differences
;
the
Palatin
though
he
was
disswaded
by
the
Electors
,
yet
unadvisedly
accepts
of
the
Bohemian
Crown
.
Bucquoi
being
inraged
,
beleaguers
Pisseca
,
storms
it
,
and
puts
all
the
Townsmen
to
the
sword
.
Mansfield
is
proscribed
by
the
new
Cesar
,
who
rageth
up
and
down
the
Country
,
doing
more
hurt
to
innocent
people
,
then
good
to
his
new
king
Frederic
that
employed
him
.
Gabriel
Bethlem
,
or
Bethleem
Gabor
Pr.
of
Transylvania
did
most
hurt
to
Ferdinand
,
who
conspiring
with
the
Bohemians
,
and
gaping
after
the
Kingdome
of
Hungary
,
took
Lassovia
,
Posonium
,
and
other
places
;
he
used
the
Cath
olicks
barbarously
,
and
transferring
the
Crown
of
Hungary
to
himself
,
took
upon
him
the
title
of
Prince
of
Hungary
:
Afterwards
meetings
were
held
among
the
Correspondents
(
for
so
they
were
called
who
sided
with
the
Palatin
and
Bohemia
)
at
Norimberg
,
and
of
the
Catholicks
at
Herbipolis
,
about
the
way
of
promoting
,
their
severall
interests
and
religions
.
Bucquoi
been
pinched
with
want
,
and
forsaken
of
the
Hungarian
robbers
,
went
aside
into
Austria
,
where
the
Protestants
seperating
themselves
from
the
Papists
,
had
an
eie
on
the
fortune
of
Bohemia
.
In
Holland
a
Synod
is
called
at
Dort
,
at
which
were
present
Divines
out
of
Great
Britain
,
Switzerland
,
Palatinat
,
Hassia
,
Geneva
,
Brem
,
and
Embden
;
In
which
these
5
controverted
Articles
were
debated
.
1.
Whether
Election
and
reprobation
were
absolute
,
or
had
respect
to
faith
and
infidelitie
.
2ᵈ.
If
Christ
died
for
all
.
3ᵈ.
If
in
God
there
are
two
contrary
wills
;
to
wit
,
revealed
and
secret
.
4th
.
If
effectuall
Grace
can
be
resisted
.
5th
.
If
the
faithfull
can
finally
,
and
totally
fall
from
Grace
.
The
Remonstrants
refused
to
stand
to
their
verdict
,
who
were
both
Judges
and
Parties
,
exhibiting
a
confession
of
their
Faith
with
a
protestation
,
would
not
recant
their
opinion
,
therefore
they
were
condemned
of
error
,
divers
of
them
imprisoned
,
and
most
banished
.
Iohn
Bernevild
above
70
years
of
age
,
and
who
had
been
a
good
patriot
,
looseth
his
head
,
for
favouring
the
Arminian
doctrin
and
plots
,
for
violating
the
Belgick
Laws
;
for
accusing
Maurice
as
if
he
aspired
at
the
sole
dominion
of
Belgium
.
Ledenboroius
one
of
the
plotters
killed
himself
:
Grotius
and
Hogerbetins
condemned
to
perpetuall
imprisonment
;
and
their
goods
confiscate
;
but
Grotius
by
his
wife
was
conveyed
out
of
prison
in
a
chest
.
Caesar
by
his
declarations
doth
nullifie
the
Palatins
Coronation
,
because
it
was
not
done
by
them
,
who
had
the
power
to
do
it
,
nor
was
it
done
[
solio
vacante
]
much
less
did
it
become
the
Palatin
to
take
his
Crown
,
whom
he
had
acknowledged
Baron
Wartenburgius
,
there
perished
shee
,
and
Slavata
,
with
certain
Judges
,
in
all
about
one
hundred
persons
:
Whilst
Frederick
is
busie
in
making
the
Moravians
,
Cilesians
,
and
Lusatians
swear
Fealty
to
him
.
Maradas
conducts
from
Caesar
new
Forces
into
Bohemia
,
Bucquoi
falls
upon
the
Mansfieldians
out
of
order
,
for
want
of
pay
in
the
night
,
and
makes
a
great
slaughter
amongst
them
.
The
Transylvanian
makes
truce
with
Caesar
for
some
months
.
Bucquoi
is
forced
by
the
Bohemians
to
retreat
to
Gremsa
:
The
Cossacks
which
were
the
Polonian
Auxiliaries
,
spoyle
all
the
Lutheran
Countries
with
fire
and
sword
,
multitudes
of
people
are
driven
into
the
woods
,
where
they
are
killed
with
cold
and
hunger
,
or
the
merciless
enemie
.
Moravians
.
Baron
Felsius
as
he
was
pursuing
those
Cossacks
,
fell
unwarily
into
Bucquoi's
quarters
,
where
he
lost
his
life
,
with
many
of
his
Soldiers
.
The
Elector's
pittying
the
misery
of
Germany
labor
(
except
Brandeburg
)
to
perswade
the
Palatine
to
renounce
his
Title
of
Bohemia
,
otherwise
they
threaten
to
take
arms
against
him
.
Frederick
replies
that
the
cognizance
of
the
Bohemian
cause
was
not
in
a
few
Electors
,
nor
●…n
Ferdinand
Archduke
of
Austria
,
but
in
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
,
or
rather
the
whole
Empire
:
Neither
had
he
any
quarrel
with
Caesar
,
but
with
the
Archduke
;
therefore
saith
he
,
forraign
Princes
desire
the
matter
may
be
heard
in
a
full
Diet
:
But
the
Bohemians
were
so
little
moved
with
the
Electors
threatnings
,
that
they
named
Henry
Fredericks
eldest
son
now
six
years
old
,
successor
to
his
Father
in
the
Kingdome
of
Bohemia
.
Caesar
to
vindicate
this
wrong
offered
to
his
Family
,
sollicites
the
Pope
to
furnish
him
with
money
,
Spain
and
Poland
with
Forces
.
The
Palatine
finds
not
that
supply
from
England
which
he
expected
,
The
French
King
thought
it
best
to
reconcile
the
differences
,
therefore
sends
Ambassadors
to
desire
them
to
be
reconciled
:
Maximilian
of
Bavaria
,
who
had
a
great
army
of
Papists
,
agrees
with
the
Protestant
army
under
Ioachim
Ernest
,
that
the
seat
of
the
war
should
be
contained
within
the
borders
of
Bohemia
,
and
the
Provinces
unite
to
it
;
presently
the
Bavarian
marcheth
against
the
Austrians
that
were
in
league
with
Bohemia
,
and
forceth
them
to
renounce
their
league
.
Iohn
George
Elector
of
Saxony
,
who
had
exhorted
before
Bohemia
and
the
Palatin
to
submit
to
Caesar
;
is
by
him
imployed
against
the
upper
and
lower
Lusatia
,
both
of
which
he
subjugates
to
the
Emperor
,
which
greatly
advanced
Caesar's
cause
.
At
the
same
time
Spinola
with
an
army
out
of
Belgium
,
by
the
King
of
Spain's
command
invades
the
Palatinat
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
with
a
strong
army
marcheth
into
Vesalia
,
his
brother
Henry
Frederick
into
the
Palatinate
.
In
Hungary
,
Gabor
is
proclaimed
King
by
a
Diet
of
his
own
Faction
:
Thence
he
falls
upon
Austria
,
and
sends
aid
to
Bohemia
,
he
shoots
Tampire
dead
,
as
he
was
attempting
to
take
in
Posonium
.
Bavare
having
quieted
Austria
,
joynes
his
whole
Forces
with
Bucquois's
;
many
towns
by
them
are
taken
,
multitudes
of
the
inhabitants
slain
,
many
of
the
countrey-people
take
arms
against
their
land-lords
,
wasting
their
Mannors
,
and
plundring
their
houses
:
the
Bohemian
army
conducted
by
the
King
,
did
somewhat
retard
the
enemies
proceedings
,
some
light
velitations
there
were
,
but
the
Soldiers
were
unruly
for
want
of
pay
,
whereas
the
Imperial
army
by
reason
of
their
great
plunders
,
and
the
wealth
of
Maximilian
the
Bavarian
,
was
duely
payed
:
The
Palatine
then
marcheth
with
all
his
Forces
towards
Prague
,
and
encampeth
but
in
a
tumultuary
way
on
a
hill
not
farr
off
,
with
a
purpose
to
fight
the
Enemy
,
and
to
drive
him
out
of
Prague
;
but
most
of
his
army
put
more
confidence
in
their
heels
then
hands
,
for
whilst
they
were
intrenching
themselves
,
Count
Tilly
,
with
the
Bavarian
and
Caesarian
army
hastneth
towards
them
:
presently
about
9000
Hungarians
laden
with
plunder
,
run
away
;
in
the
very
first
incounter
of
the
two
armies
,
the
Regiments
of
Turrin
and
Hollach
are
cut
off
,
which
so
disheartned
the
rest
,
that
they
began
to
grow
disordred
,
and
in
a
confused
way
being
struck
with
a
panick
terror
,
run
towards
the
City
.
Anhalden
and
Count
Hollach
,
prevent
the
rest
,
and
bring
sad
newes
to
the
King
that
the
day
was
lost
,
and
that
his
chief
safety
consisted
in
his
horse-heels
.
He
procures
with
much
difficulty
truce
for
8
hours
,
either
to
renounce
his
claim
of
Bohemia
,
or
to
fight
again
:
He
found
it
unsafe
to
put
all
on
the
hazard
of
another
incounter
,
therefore
having
put
his
wife
,
children
,
and
best
things
in
coaches
and
waggons
,
he
hastneth
into
Silaesia
:
The
Crown
and
Records
of
the
Kingdom
being
left
behinde
.
This
victory
fell
out
the
8th
of
November
after
Give
to
Caesar
the
things
that
are
Caesars
.
The
next
day
,
the
Imperialists
enter
Prague
in
a
triumphant
way
;
so
in
a
short
time
Bohemia
submits
to
Caesar
:
In
this
battell
were
killed
of
the
Bohemians
8000.
and
2000.
Caesarians
.
The
Palatin
Soldiers
being
destitute
of
their
pay
,
and
forsaken
by
their
Commanders
,
curse
Bohemia
that
ever
they
saw
it
,
and
so
by
flight
every
one
shifts
for
himself
.
Shortly
after
this
,
Maximilian
of
Bavaria
,
returns
home
,
the
charge
of
the
army
,
is
Committed
to
Tillie
,
and
of
the
Kingdom
to
Lichtenstein
.
Of
the
Protestant
side
,
Mansfield
had
some
Soldiers
in
Pilsna
,
Hermanus
Francus
in
Thabor
,
and
old
Turren
in
Moravia
,
in
Valachia
and
Moldavia
,
Gratian
,
at
this
time
was
Vaivod
,
whom
the
Polonians
protected
,
the
Turks
and
Tartars
opposed
,
because
he
had
conspired
with
the
Polander
against
the
Turk
;
two
battels
were
fought
;
in
the
first
the
Polanders
,
in
the
second
the
Turks
had
the
better
,
in
which
Gratian
with
his
Auxiliaries
were
cut
off
.
Hereupon
Osman
having
made
peace
with
the
Parthian
,
turns
out
of
his
Court
the
Poland
Ambassador
,
and
denounceth
war
against
the
King
,
who
hardly
escaped
with
his
life
,
being
assaulted
by
an
Assasin
,
as
he
was
going
into
the
Church
;
by
providence
the
blow
was
averted
,
the
Assasin
tortured
,
and
open
war
against
the
Turk
is
proclaimed
.
In
the
Valtelin
,
Ralph
Plant
being
proscribed
by
the
Grisons
,
enters
into
a
secret
plot
with
the
Catholicks
,
to
kill
all
the
Protestants
there
,
as
well
strangers
,
as
natives
,
which
massacre
was
effected
accordingly
:
Then
being
assisted
by
the
Duke
of
Feria
,
Governor
of
Millan
with
4000
Soldiers
,
seiseth
on
the
whole
valley
from
Lake
Comon
to
Tirol
,
and
beats
off
the
Grisons
united
with
the
Valtebinois
:
The
Duke
of
Feria
mean
while
builds
in
fit
places
strong
Forts
.
The
Venetians
could
not
endure
that
the
gate
of
Italy
should
be
shut
up
against
the
French
and
Switzers
;
The
French
King
by
his
Ambassadors
,
desires
the
King
of
Spain
to
open
the
passage
again
.
Upon
this
,
divers
consultations
were
held
,
but
diversly
interrupted
:
In
the
interim
Pompy
Plant
with
his
friends
are
murthered
in
his
own
Castle
.
In
the
beginning
of
the
next
year
Frederick
the
Palsgrave
is
proscribed
by
Bethleem
Gabor
,
whose
election
to
the
Crown
of
Hungary
,
Caesar
maketh
nul
.
The
Palatin
of
Segeberg
sueth
for
aid
from
the
Dane
and
Saxon
,
but
in
vain
;
for
Caesar
having
declared
he
would
maintain
the
peace
and
liberty
of
Germany
;
neither
the
Dane
nor
Saxon
would
stir
,
onely
Christian
of
Brunswick
;
Bishop
of
Halberstad
raiseth
an
Army
,
which
he
conducted
into
the
Countrey
of
Mints
,
the
Pallatin
now
was
gon
for
Holland
.
Bucquoi
had
subdued
Moravia
;
the
Saxon
Silesia
,
which
was
pardoned
upon
acknowledging
of
their
errors
,
the
Moravians
were
left
to
Caesar's
mercy
:
Spinola
broke
the
league
that
was
between
the
Princes
of
Onoltzbac
,
Wirtenburg
,
Durlacen
,
and
Hasse
with
some
others
that
were
united
;
these
procured
peace
for
their
own
Territories
,
and
truce
for
the
Palatinat
,
till
means
was
used
for
a
transaction
.
Mean
while
Tilly
in
Bohemia
fights
with
Mansfield
,
who
had
yet
the
possession
of
some
Towns
there
,
and
of
the
upper
Palatinat
.
But
for
want
of
money
,
the
Captains
sold
their
Towns
to
Tilly.
Mansfield
being
reduced
to
great
streights
,
upon
promise
of
pardon
,
money
and
honours
▪
submits
to
Caesar
;
but
having
strengthned
himself
,
he
revolts
and
violates
his
faith
,
and
so
through
the
Bavarian
Territories
,
he
breaks
in
upon
the
lower
Palatinat
,
and
raiseth
the
siege
of
Frankenthal
;
then
he
plunders
the
Territories
of
Spire
and
Straisburg
,
and
possesseth
himself
of
Hagenoa
:
The
Palsgrave
publisheth
a
declaration
,
wherein
he
sheweth
the
causes
why
he
accepted
the
Crown
of
Bohemia
,
and
withall
,
how
desirous
he
was
of
peace
,
if
it
could
be
obtained
upon
terms
of
honor
and
safety
.
Count
Bucquoi
having
subdued
Moravia
,
marcheth
towards
Hungary
,
where
Gabor
cunningly
refuseth
to
be
Crowned
.
Presburg
,
Posonium
,
and
other
Towns
,
are
taken
in
by
Bucquoi
,
who
perswades
Seastin
George
to
fall
off
from
Gabor
,
he
under-hand
reconciles
himself
to
Caesar
,
and
doth
a
great
deal
of
mischief
to
Gabor
,
whilst
he
was
expecting
aid
from
the
Turk
;
for
he
intercepted
the
Auxiliaries
that
were
sent
to
him
:
Gabor
at
this
time
was
in
a
low
condition
,
when
Bucquoi
besieging
Neusolum
was
killed
with
16
wounds
,
the
recovering
of
his
body
from
the
Hungarians
,
cost
the
Gaesarians
much
blood
;
his
death
gave
occasion
to
Gabor
to
regain
many
of
his
lost
Towns
and
forts
:
But
about
the
end
of
this
year
,
at
the
Diet
of
Niclasburg
,
an
accord
is
made
between
Cesar
and
him
,
and
the
Crown
of
Hungary
is
restored
to
Ferdinand
.
Divers
Towns
are
left
to
Gabor
,
to
be
governed
by
him
under
Cesar.
He
obtains
also
some
places
in
Silesia
,
and
the
title
of
a
Prince
of
the
Empire
.
Religion
is
left
in
the
same
condition
it
was
,
when
Ferdinand
undertook
the
Government
of
that
kingdom
.
In
the
interim
Silesia
is
much
infested
by
Iegerndorff
,
who
layeth
heavy
Taxes
on
them
,
and
fights
the
Saxon
with
divers
success
.
Twenty
five
Incendiaries
are
apprehended
by
the
Saxon
,
and
for
Treason
are
condemned
at
Prague
.
Whilest
the
Polonian
is
at
war
with
the
Turk
,
the
Swedes
take
Riga
in
Livonia
,
and
Mitovia
,
which
afterward
was
re-taken
by
the
Polander
,
and
then
a
Truce
was
made
.
The
twelve
years
peace
between
Spain
and
Holland
,
is
this
year
21
,
expired
in
April
.
The
Arch-Duke
by
his
Agent
,
wisheth
the
Hollanders
to
return
to
the
obedience
of
Spain
,
they
answer
,
that
it
was
too
late
to
expect
obedience
of
them
,
whom
Spain
had
confessed
to
be
free
States
.
Hereupon
Spinola
in
September
sits
down
before
Iuliers
,
and
takes
it
the
next
February
,
notwithstanding
Orange
did
what
he
could
to
help
the
besieged
.
Whilst
the
Grisons
strive
to
defend
,
the
Valtelin
are
beaten
themselves
by
the
Spaniard
;
by
which
means
Leopold
of
Austria
on
the
one
side
,
and
the
Duke
of
Feria
on
the
other
,
took
occasion
to
plant
the
Roman
faith
there
.
The
King
of
Morocco
in
Africa
,
about
to
take
the
Fort
,
built
by
the
Spaniard
neer
Alarachia
,
is
beaten
off
with
the
loss
of
his
army
,
by
the
Spanish
Fleet
,
which
in
the
Straits
of
Cadiz
,
took
32
Holland
ships
.
Out
of
the
Molucca
Islands
the
Spaniards
and
English
beat
the
Hollander
.
This
year
died
Pope
Paul
5th
,
of
an
Apoplexy
,
the
69
year
of
his
life
,
and
of
his
Pontificat
the
16.
To
him
succeeded
Alexander
Ludovisius
of
Bononia
,
who
made
the
peace
between
Spain
and
Savoy
,
whom
after
a
few
days
Cosmus
Exarch
of
Hetruria
,
followed
;
he
left
many
In
Iuly
after
died
Albert
the
Arch-Duke
,
and
in
September
following
,
Bellarmine
that
famous
Divine
,
being
almost
80
years
of
age
:
he
was
sisters
son
to
Pope
Marcellus
2ᵈ.
Gregory
15
made
a
Law
that
the
Pope
should
be
chosen
by
the
Cardinals
only
,
without
any
respect
had
to
the
Letters
of
Kings
and
Princes
.
Brunswic
did
much
mischief
this
year
in
Westphalia
,
he
took
in
many
Towns
,
persecuted
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
abused
the
Clergy
,
defaced
Churches
,
and
made
mony
of
consecrated
Ornaments
;
thence
he
goeth
into
Eisfeldia
and
Watteravia
,
and
other
places
thereabout
,
spoiling
all
with
fire
and
sword
.
Mean
while
the
Palatin
returns
into
his
own
country
disguised
.
Mansfield
and
the
Marquis
of
Baden
,
defeat
Tilly
near
Wissoch
:
but
afterward
the
same
Tilly
did
totally
rout
the
Mansfieldians
,
and
took
all
their
Artillery
,
●…aggage
and
Mony.
Shortly
after
,
Mansfield
takes
Ladenburg
,
and
defeats
the
Leopoldians
,
as
they
were
besieging
Hagenoa
.
Then
he
hastneth
to
joyn
with
Brunswic
,
but
Tilly
did
so
hotly
pursue
him
,
that
he
retreats
to
Manheim
.
Then
Tilly
seeks
out
Brunswick
,
where
he
finds
him
with
a
great
Army
,
but
without
Ordnance
,
near
the
River
Moen
,
where
he
forceth
them
all
to
fly
.
The
Duke
escapes
over
the
Bridge
,
and
was
so
eagerly
pursued
by
the
Tillians
,
that
with
the
weight
of
the
soldiers
the
Bridge
broke
,
and
many
were
drowned
in
the
River
.
Brunswicks
other
Troops
were
cut
in
pieces
by
the
Cesarians
:
Besides
those
that
were
drowned
,
three
thousand
were
killed
;
Hochsta
was
regained
presently
.
The
Palatin
wanting
mony
to
furnish
Mansfield
and
Brunswick
,
and
finding
that
his
condition
was
deplorable
,
he
supports
his
hopes
with
the
agreement
at
Brussels
,
then
in
agitation
by
Digby
Embassador
for
King
Iames
;
he
cashiered
Mansfield
,
being
desirous
of
the
same
,
many
Towns
&
forts
submit
to
Cesar
;
Wormes
and
Spire
admit
Garisons
;
Heidelberg
is
besieged
;
the
Palatin
is
conveyed
to
Sedan
by
the
Mansfieldians
,
who
joining
with
Brunswicks
Forces
,
brake
in
through
France
upon
Henault
,
where
they
had
a
sharp
encounter
with
Consalvus
of
Corduba
,
in
which
Brunswicks
arm
was
so
torn
and
shattered
,
that
the
Chirurgions
were
fain
to
cut
it
off
.
Thence
they
make
their
way
towards
Breda
in
Brabant
;
sharp
Skirmishes
there
were
,
and
many
slain
on
both
sides
.
Brunswick
was
like
to
cary
the
Victory
,
had
not
the
Mansfieldians
for
want
of
pay
,
refused
to
fight
.
Not
long
after
on
the
sixt
of
September
Heidelberg
after
a
stout
defence
,
was
taken
by
Tilly
,
the
Garison
all
put
to
the
sword
,
the
Town
miserably
defaced
and
plundred
,
so
that
Tilly
was
fain
to
command
the
soldiers
to
give
off
.
The
King
of
Denmark
sends
an
Embassador
to
the
Emperor
,
desiring
him
to
pardon
the
Palatins
temerity
,
for
publick
peace
sake
,
and
to
restore
him
to
his
Electorat
,
upon
his
renunciation
of
the
Bohemian
Crown
.
But
Cesar
refers
the
Embassador
to
the
agreement
of
Brussels
,
which
went
on
with
so
slow
a
pace
,
that
in
the
mean
while
the
Palatin
lost
all
his
Country
;
for
Sir
Horace
Vere
dispairing
of
any
aid
,
delivers
up
Manheim
Tilly
,
upon
honourable
tearms
.
In
October
following
,
Leopold
subdues
the
Territory
of
Spire
,
and
other
parts
.
The
Lands
of
the
Marquisat
of
Baden
suffered
all
kind
of
hostility
by
the
Bavarian
soldiers
,
chiefly
the
Croats
and
Cosaoks
.
These
Cosacks
for
their
cruelty
are
cashiered
by
Cesar
;
for
wheresoever
they
went
,
like
mad
dogs
,
they
raged
on
all
sorts
of
people
,
sex
and
ages
,
their
cruelties
,
rapacity
,
and
leachery
,
which
Germany
suffered
is
unspeakable
.
But
they
were
met
sometimes
by
the
Silesians
,
and
rewarded
according
to
their
merits
.
The
Mansfieldians
were
little
better
in
Westphalia
,
and
East
Friesland
:
plundring
and
spoiling
all
places
as
they
came
,
and
imposing
Taxes
at
their
pleasure
;
whereupon
the
lower
Saxony
by
Cesars
consent
,
take
arms
for
their
own
defence
.
All
the
Protestant
Ministers
are
banished
out
of
Bohemia
,
and
Moravia
.
In
France
the
Pacification
is
broken
by
the
King
,
who
not
without
great
slaughter
takes
Montpelier
,
and
other
Protestant
Towns
,
with
which
afterwards
he
makes
an
agreement
.
The
same
year
the
Pope
Canonizeth
Isidor
,
Ignatius
Loyola
,
Francis
Tresia
,
Foundress
of
the
bare-footed
Carmelites
,
and
one
Philip
Author
of
the
Congregation
of
the
Oratory
.
He
decrees
it
a
sin
,
to
say
,
the
Virgin
Mary
was
conceived
in
sin
.
He
erects
a
new
Colledge
for
propagating
the
faith
.
He
sends
into
Denmark
some
Parsonated
Divines
,
to
season
the
Schools
and
Pulpits
with
their
Doctrine
of
Rome
,
but
with
small
success
;
two
Danish
ships
richly
loaden
,
return
that
year
home
from
Ceilan
in
the
East
-
Indies
.
Spinola
before
Bergen
ap
Zo●…
,
loseth
8000
men
,
and
at
last
is
forced
to
break
up
his
siege
.
Maximilian
of
Bavaria
is
honoured
with
the
Palatin
Electorat
,
against
the
will
of
Mints
,
Saxon
,
and
Branburg
,
but
with
this
caution
,
that
hereby
the
Palatins
sons
and
●…indred
should
not
be
prejudiced
.
This
was
done
at
Ratisbon
the
15
of
February
.
The
Popish
Doctors
are
detected
in
Denmark
,
and
banished
.
A
silver
Mine
is
found
in
Norway
,
and
a
new
Academy
erected
Brevord
.
Meppena
is
surrendred
to
Tilly.
Frisia
is
still
molested
by
the
Mansfildians
,
till
Count
Oldenburg
obtained
their
pardon
from
Caesar
:
For
Tilly
did
not
meddle
with
these
cunning
Harpies
,
yet
some
of
them
return
to
the
Province
of
Munster
in
Westphalia
where
they
loose
15
Colours
.
Limbaus
with
most
of
his
Commanders
surrender
themselves
:
From
that
time
the
Mansfieldians
fell
off
daily
,
their
Commander
accompanied
with
a
few
,
flies
back
to
Holland
,
and
Brunswick
to
Saxony
.
This
year
died
Gregory
15th
of
the
Palsie
at
Rome
:
His
successor
was
Cardinall
Maphaeus
Barberinus
,
who
took
the
name
of
Urban
8th
.
Old
Turren
assisted
by
the
Turks
,
did
much
mischief
in
Moravia
,
so
did
Gabo●…
,
till
the
Turks
fell
off
from
him
,
and
his
German
aid
not
appearing
,
he
was
forced
to
make
peace
with
the
Emperor
,
who
afterward
took
from
the
title
of
Princes
of
the
Empire
.
The
Turks
returning
heavy
with
plunder
,
are
killed
every
where
by
the
Caesarians
,
and
stript
of
their
spoyles
:
The
next
year
peace
is
renewed
between
Caesar
and
Transylvania
;
so
at
last
Iegerndorff
is
turned
out
of
Silesia
,
Turren
out
of
Moravia
,
and
Gabor
out
of
Hungary
.
This
year
strange
things
were
seen
in
Germany
,
portending
yet
more
troubles
.
For
in
divers
Poles
water
was
congealed
into
blood
,
drops
of
blood
fell
from
the
beams
and
rafters
of
some
houses
,
the
bread
,
the
tables
,
and
books
in
some
places
sweat
blood
:
Armies
fighting
were
seen
and
heard
in
the
aire
,
and
corn
grew
upon
trees
.
Shortly
after
this
the
sparkles
of
war
Brittan
,
France
,
Swethland
,
and
the
Netherlands
,
to
stand
up
in
defence
of
Kingly
right
.
The
Hollanders
send
a
great
fleet
this
year
into
America
,
which
seisng
upon
some
Spanish
Vessels
,
take
the
Bay
or
port
of
All
Saints
,
with
the
Town
,
where
they
met
with
rich
booties
:
Spinola
about
the
end
of
August
,
sits
down
before
Baieda
.
Maurice
takes
the
antient
Town
of
Clive
,
with
some
other
places
;
he
aimed
also
at
the
Cittadell
of
Antwerp
,
but
his
Stratagem
failed
.
Breda
having
held
out
siege
9
months
,
in
which
time
Iustin
of
Nassau
made
many
eruptions
,
and
Henry
Frederick
with
a
great
army
strove
to
raise
the
siege
,
but
could
not
,
therefore
the
Town
was
forced
by
sickness
and
famin
,
to
yeild
May
26.
the
Soldiers
marched
out
with
their
arms
,
and
the
Townesmen
had
their
liberties
granted
,
but
not
their
Religion
,
after
such
a
day
.
A
little
before
,
Frederick
of
Toledo
,
recovered
again
their
Bay
of
Brasil
to
the
Spaniards
.
Philip
4th
inhibited
commerce
between
the
Spaniards
,
and
his
subjects
of
Belgium
.
About
the
beginning
of
the
25th
year
,
the
storms
and
windes
were
so
violent
France
,
Venice
,
and
Savoy
vexed
that
a
Province
,
so
convenient
for
them
,
should
be
wholly
subject
to
any
other
:
Therefore
they
enter
into
a
Confederacy
for
regaining
it
:
To
whom
4
Towns
and
2
Counties
come
in
and
submit
.
Many
that
had
betrayed
their
Countrey
were
put
to
death
,
but
the
Catholick
Switzers
put
themselves
under
the
protection
of
Austria
.
Presently
Cleve
being
taken
,
the
whole
Valtelin
falls
off
to
the
confederates
.
There
is
also
war
made
against
Genua
,
for
furnishing
the
Spaniard
with
money
and
provisions
:
This
War
was
eagerly
persued
in
the
beginning
by
the
French
,
and
Savoyen
,
in
which
the
Ligurians
were
sometimes
worsted
:
Preton
and
Albinga
are
surrendred
,
but
the
French
were
diverted
by
an
intestin
War
at
home
,
between
the
Papists
and
Hugonots
;
in
which
Duke
Sonli
〈◊〉
beat
the
King's
ships
at
sea
,
and
shortly
after
is
beaten
himself
,
and
driven
into
England
.
Rochel
is
besieged
both
by
Sea
and
Land
:
Pope
Urban
confirms
the
new
Militia
,
which
began
the
19th
year
of
his
age
at
Vienna
,
and
gives
it
the
name
of
Saint
Marie's
Conception
.
In
Austria
,
Bohemia
,
Moravia
,
and
elsewhere
,
the
Protestant
books
are
burned
,
their
Church-service
disturbed
,
and
the
professors
of
Reformation
banished
.
In
France
,
books
were
cast
abroad
that
the
Hugonots
intended
to
kill
the
King
,
and
to
recover
their
Liberty
.
Marcus
Antonius
de
Dominis
,
who
had
wrote
against
the
Church
of
Rome
,
whilst
he
was
in
England
,
is
inticed
over
to
Brussels
by
the
Spanish
Ambassador
,
upon
great
promises
,
but
from
thence
he
is
sent
to
Rome
where
he
died
;
some
say
he
was
strangled
in
prison
,
and
in
the
beginning
of
December
was
burned
.
Shortly
after
the
Pope
began
his
Iubilee
,
at
which
was
present
Uladislaus
the
Prince
of
Poland
.
Ferdinand
the
Emperor
having
made
truce
with
the
Turk
for
12
years
,
sends
Tilly
and
Fridland
with
their
Armies
to
invade
the
lower
Saxony
,
although
the
King
of
Denmark
had
conducted
an
Army
of
24
thousand
to
Vis●…rois
without
hurting
any
man
;
but
declaring
that
his
intent
was
onely
to
defend
the
Saxon
Liberties
.
Till
the
10th
of
Iuly
there
passed
no
Act
of
hostility
on
either
side
:
The
Tillians
made
the
first
breach
by
seising
upon
a
Fort
of
Saxony
,
built
near
Huxaria
.
10
Days
after
the
King
riding
carelesly
upon
the
Rampire
,
fell
with
his
horse
into
a
cave
29
foot
deep
,
where
powder
was
kept
,
onely
covered
over
with
deal-boards
,
where
after
two
houres
he
was
found
alive
,
but
for
three
daies
together
he
was
accounted
no
better
then
a
dead
man
;
wherefore
the
Enemy
drawing
near
,
the
Danes
retreat
towards
the
Diocess
of
Verdana
:
Mean
while
Tilly
with
all
his
Forces
breaks
in
upon
Brunswick
,
notwithstanding
the
Saxons
by
their
Agents
deprecated
the
contrary
:
He
placeth
Garrisons
in
divers
Towns
,
and
makes
havock
of
the
Inhabitants
of
Brunswick
,
who
therefore
take
Arms
in
their
own
defence
;
The
King
also
requires
in
Caesar's
name
,
that
he
would
remove
his
Army
out
of
Saxony
,
but
in
vain
;
for
Tilly
besiegeth
Niemburg
,
which
the
King
being
well
now
recovered
defended
so
stoutly
,
that
Tilly
was
fain
to
give
off
the
siege
with
the
loss
of
4000
of
his
men
:
Yet
Stoltzenavia
revolted
to
him
,
by
means
of
a
certain
Captain
who
was
bribed
.
In
the
interim
Mansfield
gets
recruits
from
England
,
which
now
was
fallen
out
with
Spain
for
not
restoring
the
Palatinat
.
These
Forces
(
but
much
diminished
by
the
way
)
with
some
French
and
Flemins
,
he
conducts
into
Saxony
,
where
he
takes
up
his
quarters
at
Lavemburg
upon
Albis
,
when
a
little
before
,
Brunswick
with
good
supply
of
horse
,
joynes
with
the
King.
In
this
mean
time
Fridland
enters
the
Diocess
of
Magdeburg
,
where
he
seiseth
upon
Hall
,
his
Soldiers
also
make
inroads
upon
the
Territories
of
Iohn
Ernest
of
Vinaria
,
the
Kings
Lieutenant
,
takes
in
divers
Towns.
Leopold
upon
the
death
of
his
brother
Charles
in
Spain
,
resignes
his
Bishopricks
of
Strasburg
,
and
Padua
,
and
marries
with
Claudia
of
Medices
,
the
Duke
of
Urbins
Widow
;
the
younger
son
of
Sigismund
,
King
of
Poland
,
obtains
the
Bishoprick
of
Uratislavia
.
About
this
time
died
King
Iames
in
March
,
and
Maurice
Prince
of
Orange
,
the
next
April
after
,
both
of
a
Feaver
,
whose
deaths
was
accompanied
with
a
great
plague
and
mortality
through
Great
Britain
,
and
many
other
places
of
Europe
.
The
King
of
Sweden
falls
upon
Livonia
suddenly
,
and
takes
divers
Towns
from
the
Polander
,
who
laboured
to
recover
Riga
,
with
the
loss
of
600
Citizens
,
by
Turren
the
yonger
;
the
Swede
also
alarms
Borussia
in
Iuly
with
a
Fleet
of
eighty
Sail.
He
takes
in
there
divers
Towns
;
he
injoins
the
Dantiscans
to
put
away
the
Polonian
ships
,
and
to
pay
him
the
Tribute
due
to
the
Polander
,
but
this
City
resisted
him
stoutly
,
and
retarded
his
proceedings
.
CHAP.
XIX
.
A
Continuation
of
the
History
of
Germany
,
Denmark
,
Swedland
,
Holland
,
Poland
,
Italy
,
&c.
under
Ferdinand
2d
,
from
the
year
1626.
till
the
end
of
1630.
THE
flame
of
the
Saxon
war
did
this
year
break
out
into
a
great
George
Lunebarge
possessor
thereof
,
who
was
raising
Forces
for
Cesar
,
and
fortifieth
divers
places
with
Garisons
;
besides
,
he
beats
in
Hassia
George
his
new
Levies
.
The
Emperor
by
a
Herauld
proclaims
at
Magdeburg
proscription
against
all
of
the
Roman
Empire
,
that
shall
assist
the
Dane
.
Tilly
takes
Munda
the
key
of
Brunonia
,
and
puts
all
to
the
sword
,
except
a
few
that
hid
themselves
in
Vaults
,
or
on
the
House
tops
,
who
after
the
fury
of
the
soldiers
was
past
,
ransomed
their
lives
for
mony
.
This
was
in
the
end
of
May
;
and
about
the
sixt
of
Iune
Prunswick
died
,
some
think
he
was
poisoned
:
the
19
of
Iuly
his
mother
followed
him
,
the
Dane
Garisons
,
the
Castle
of
Vorda
.
Tilly
delivers
Hassia
to
William
the
Land-grave
,
and
marcheth
to
Gottinga
,
which
was
surrendred
to
him
,
though
the
Dane
was
coming
with
all
his
Forces
to
raise
the
siege
.
The
two
Armies
meet
;
the
Kings
first
velitations
were
successful
,
Tilly
having
lost
above
six
hundred
of
his
men
,
with
some
Colours
.
The
King
pursues
Tillies
Reare
,
and
had
now
at
Lottera
found
a
fit
place
for
defence
,
where
he
was
advised
to
hault
,
and
not
to
follow
the
Enemy
,
who
had
got
the
winde
and
advantage
of
the
ground
.
But
he
would
go
on
,
with
a
resolution
to
fight
the
Enemy
.
The
Avant
Guard
advanceth
so
couragiously
towards
Tillies
Artillery
,
put
him
in
some
fear
,
till
he
was
strengthned
with
George
Luneburgs
Auxiliaries
;
then
falling
with
all
his
Forces
upon
the
Kings
Foot
,
so
gals
them
,
that
the
Horse
pretending
want
of
pay
,
wheeled
about
,
and
refused
to
fight
,
notwithstanding
they
had
received
their
pay
not
long
before
.
The
King
did
what
he
could
to
make
them
fight
,
but
in
vain
,
for
they
shamefully
rid
away
,
and
left
the
Foot
naked
;
whereof
1200
were
slain
by
the
Enemy
,
and
1800
taken
prisoners
,
with
28
Colours
.
Many
prime
men
were
slain
,
Lottera
forced
to
surrender
;
many
also
of
the
Tillians
were
slain
:
the
King
escaped
narrowly
from
being
taken
;
this
Buttel
was
fought
August
1.
Tillies
Victory
was
greater
then
his
Booty
,
for
he
durst
not
venture
too
far
in
the
pursuit
,
because
he
feared
Ambuscadoes
.
Two
days
after
Duke
Brunswick
renounceth
the
Association
of
Saxony
,
and
surrenders
all
Brunonia
to
Cesar.
Tilly
understanding
that
Wolferlyt
,
whither
the
King
retreated
in
his
flight
,
was
strongly
fortified
,
would
not
besiege
it
,
for
fear
of
losing
too
much
time
,
but
falls
to
taking
in
of
other
places
.
In
the
interim
the
King
recollects
his
dispersed
Forces
,
and
provides
another
Army
for
a
fresh
encounter
with
Tilly.
The
Vinarien
and
Mansfield
having
joyned
their
Forces
,
which
consisted
of
16000
,
brake
in
upon
Silesia
,
whom
Bechman
followed
▪
but
could
doe
no
good
,
because
the
Silesians
by
reason
of
his
violence
,
were
alienated
from
him
;
therefore
divers
places
submit
to
the
Vinarien
:
and
now
Mansfield
being
encouraged
by
the
addition
of
Gabors
Forces
,
and
the
marriage
of
Katherin
of
Brandeburg
,
marcheth
into
Moravia
;
and
trusting
to
the
Turks
aid
,
being
animated
by
one
of
the
Bassais
,
enters
Hungary
.
Thither
Fridland
being
sent
with
an
Army
,
is
repulsed
at
Neutra
,
by
the
Turks
,
and
hath
divers
doubtful
encounters
with
Mansfield
;
who
fearing
some
collusion
between
Fridland
and
the
Transylvanian
,
resolves
to
go
for
Venice
,
with
the
choicest
of
his
men
;
the
rest
of
his
Army
he
delivers
to
the
Vinarien
.
But
in
his
journey
he
fell
sick
of
the
bloudy
flux
,
at
Bosnia
,
(
its
thought
he
was
poisoned
)
and
there
died
.
The
Vinarien
also
grieving
that
the
Transylvanian
had
faln
off
to
Cesar
,
died
suddenly
,
the
32
year
of
his
age
.
In
Moravia
the
Bores
rise
against
Count
Herbersdorff
,
for
abusing
them
;
they
first
flung
stones
at
him
,
then
they
fall
upon
his
guard
of
1500
men
,
and
killed
most
of
them
;
then
they
take
in
divers
Towns
,
and
the
mean
while
Petition
Cesar
for
a
free
enjoyment
of
the
Gospel
.
At
last
they
grew
so
strong
by
the
confluence
thither
,
of
the
banished
Gentry
,
and
others
that
had
suffered
in
these
Wars
,
that
they
became
Masters
of
all
Austria
,
above
Oenus
.
But
their
Victories
made
a
stop
at
Lintzium
,
for
they
could
not
keep
off
either
provision
or
men
from
the
Bavarian
Army
.
At
length
they
were
so
pressed
upon
by
Herbersdorff
,
Brenner
,
and
Lobel
,
and
encompassed
by
their
Forces
,
that
they
submitted
and
flung
down
their
Arms.
But
shortly
after
being
incensed
by
the
cruel
punishments
,
which
many
of
them
suffered
,
and
the
burning
of
their
Houses
by
the
Duke
of
Holsatia's
Regiments
,
they
fall
upon
them
betimes
in
the
morning
,
disperst
,
and
kill
above
4000.
They
defeat
the
Bavarians
divers
times
,
some
of
whose
Captains
they
killed
.
Lobel
and
Brenner
are
beat
to
pieces
by
the
Boores
iron
cudgels
,
and
above
2000
men
were
destroyed
.
Cesar
being
much
troubled
at
these
disasters
,
promiseth
liberty
of
Religion
to
the
Austrians
,
and
by
his
Proclamations
at
Prague
,
calls
home
the
Bohemians
that
were
banished
for
their
conscience
.
Afterward
whilst
these
Boores
labour
to
bring
others
into
their
society
,
they
fall
to
quarrelling
and
destroying
each
other
,
till
〈◊〉
came
upon
them
with
a
Brigade
of
8000
,
disperses
,
kils
,
and
destroys
them
;
some
escaped
,
and
some
were
taken
and
reserved
for
publick
punishment
.
Mean
while
the
Wars
remove
from
the
Grisons
to
the
French
,
who
fall
out
among
themselves
about
matters
of
Religion
.
Barbarinus
the
Cardinal
perswades
the
French
King
to
make
Peace
with
Spain
,
and
that
the
Va●…n
be
left
in
deposito
with
the
Pope
,
and
that
a
Passage
in
the
Grisons
Straits
,
be
opened
for
both
Kings
.
But
the
Venetians
and
Sav●…yen
were
at
enmity
with
the
Genuois
.
The
French
and
English
fall
out
about
sending
away
Queen
Maries
Priests
,
which
hindred
the
pay
promised
to
the
King
of
Denmark
;
to
wit
,
140000
Joachims
monethly
from
the
English
,
and
100
thousand
Crowns
from
the
French
;
yet
the
King
not
willing
to
be
a
meer
spectator
of
the
German
misery
,
gathered
again
6000
Foot
,
and
4000
Horse
,
and
suddenly
assaults
Hoia
,
which
he
took
,
though
he
was
shot
through
the
arm
with
a
Bullet
.
Christian
5.
Prince
of
Denmark
,
hastneth
provision
into
Niemburg
;
then
the
King
goeth
into
Holsatia
,
where
he
calls
a
Diet
at
Redensburg
,
about
continuing
the
War.
Rantzovius
the
Vice
Duke
,
promiseth
his
best
assistance
.
Christianus
Thomaeus
,
is
sent
Embassador
into
Belgium
and
France
,
but
is
taken
by
the
way
,
and
set
at
liberty
again
by
Isabella
.
He
obtains
from
the
confederate
Belgians
some
Forces
for
the
Dane
.
The
King
had
exhausted
a
great
Treasure
,
and
borrowed
large
sums
of
his
people
,
in
maintenance
of
this
war
,
which
tended
both
to
the
defence
of
Denmark
and
Saxony
.
Mean
while
the
Vice-Duke
died
,
whose
Funeral
the
King
in
his
own
person
honoured
:
Then
he
builds
Forts
upon
Visurgis
and
Albis
,
to
keep
off
provisions
George
Luneburg
takes
Brandeberg
by
storm
.
Sla●…ersdorff
possesseth
the
Black
Friars
Church
in
H●…velberg
,
and
fortifieth
it
;
from
thence
he
killed
with
Musquet
shot
above
4000.
The
Marquess
of
Durlac
,
and
old
Turr●…n
whom
the
Venetians
honourably
discharged
,
now
the
Italian
War
being
almost
ended
,
are
entertained
by
the
King
;
the
Country
of
Lunaeburg
is
pitifully
wasted
by
the
royal
&
Cesarian
parties
,
burning
each
others
Corn
;
and
almost
through
all
Germany
,
there
was
nothing
but
wasting
,
plundring
,
and
murthering
;
so
that
the
three
Ecclesiastick
Electors
desired
peace
,
before
Germany
be
totally
ruined
.
The
B●…ors
of
Brunswick
,
rob
and
destroy
about
the
Hyrcinian
Woods
,
whom
the
Cesarians
defeated
.
N●…theim
is
surrendred
Iune
17.
Mean
while
the
Tillians
are
pinched
for
want
of
provisions
,
by
reason
the
Rivers
Albis
,
Visurgis
,
and
Havila
were
guarded
by
the
Danes
:
Therefore
Tilly
to
open
a
way
,
marcheth
towards
Albis
,
takes
in
some
places
by
the
way
.
About
the
end
of
Iuly
,
whilst
the
King
is
at
the
Diet
of
Redensburg
,
Tilly
observing
the
neglect
and
paucity
of
the
Watch
upon
Albis
,
before
break
of
day
,
Ferries
over
a
Company
of
soldiers
,
with
as
great
silence
and
privacy
,
as
could
be
,
when
he
perceived
the
Watch
did
not
stir
.
He
sends
over
another
Company
,
the
Watch
awaked
;
which
seeing
one
Company
coming
,
and
another
already
Landed
,
they
out
of
fear
run
away
,
and
withall
affright
B●…nburg
,
near
to
which
Town
were
divers
praetorian
cohorts
,
who
in
stead
of
encoun●…ring
with
the
Enemy
,
falls
to
plundring
of
their
friends
,
so
that
without
resistance
,
Tilly
passeth
over
with
his
whole
Army
,
and
withall
seizeth
upon
the
Bridge
,
which
the
Dane
had
built
;
so
all
that
Country
on
this
side
of
Albis
,
becomes
a
prey
to
the
Cesarians
.
In
Holsatia
also
a
controversie
arose
between
the
King
and
his
sisters
son
Duke
Frederick
,
who
fearing
the
storm
that
was
coming
on
his
Country
,
and
understanding
that
Tillies
Army
was
got
over
,
repairs
speedily
to
him
to
make
his
peace
.
All
that
he
could
obtain
,
was
this
,
that
if
he
would
forsake
the
K
▪
his
Country
&
friends
should
fare
the
better
,
which
promise
was
scarce
performed
.
In
Silesia
Cesar
having
pacified
Bethleem
Gabor
,
the
Danes
could
look
for
no
aid
thence
,
but
what
they
should
get
by
the
sword
.
Therefore
Fridland
seizeth
upon
divers
Towns
and
Forts
.
Him
Count
Merodius
,
and
Bechman
follow
,
with
7000.
A
hot
skirmish
ensueth
,
in
which
the
Danes
had
the
better
,
but
when
the
Polonian
Foot
,
and
Croats
were
come
to
aid
the
Cesarians
,
Baudisius
with
his
Regiments
,
betake
them
to
their
heels
,
upon
which
the
prisoners
are
released
.
Brandeburg
wisheth
the
Danes
to
be
gone
,
who
having
got
the
Isle
Paela
,
took
sh●…pping
at
Grotenbrod
:
and
now
about
the
end
of
August
,
Fridland
joyns
with
Tilly
,
and
Luneberg
,
who
by
the
River
Alstria
brake
in
upon
Stormaria
;
the
Holsatians
who
had
seated
themselves
near
Hamburg
upon
the
confines
of
Albis
,
return
home
.
Hamburg
victualleth
the
Cesarian
Camp.
From
Hamburg
they
march
to
Pippenberg
,
a
Castle
in
Stormaria
,
where
Tilly
was
dangerously
wounded
with
a
Musquet
bullet
,
yet
took
the
Castle
,
by
reason
its
powder
was
spent
.
There
were
not
in
Stormaria
above
3
Towns
that
could
hold
out
a
while
,
and
in
Holsatia
only
Redensburg
;
so
that
the
strength
of
Holsatia
consisted
in
the
Marchian
and
Silesian
Troops
,
most
of
which
were
gone
from
their
own
homes
to
Denmark
,
Holland
,
Frisland
,
Lubec
,
Hamburg
,
and
those
of
other
places
.
Those
of
Merchia
had
neither
powder
,
nor
shot
,
nor
hearts
to
fight
;
yet
the
Holsatian
Horse
,
and
the
Scots
Foot
,
fought
stoutly
,
till
they
were
cut
off
.
The
K.
of
Denmark
finding
Gods
judgments
so
heavy
against
him
,
and
his
people
,
caused
a
fast
for
3
days
,
besides
daily
prayers
and
supplications
to
be
had
through
his
two
Kingdoms
.
In
the
interim
at
Rendensburg
the
Enemy
received
some
loss
;
the
K.
being
forsaken
by
most
,
betook
himself
into
Fionia
,
he
permits
the
town
to
make
an
honorable
surrender
.
The
Castle
of
Bredenberg
held
out
a
great
while
,
to
the
loss
of
4000
of
the
Enemies
;
at
last
its
taken
by
storm
,
and
the
whole
Garison
put
to
the
sword
by
Fridland
.
Marsia
and
Iutia
are
exposed
to
pillage
,
not
only
of
the
Enemy
,
but
even
of
their
own
Country
men
,
which
made
most
of
the
Gentry
take
shipping
,
and
remove
farther
into
Denmark
,
or
else
to
Norway
;
thinking
it
safer
and
more
honorable
to
forsake
their
houses
and
lands
,
then
their
Allegiance
and
conscience
.
They
only
grieved
at
this
,
that
they
were
conquered
before
they
fought
,
and
banished
before
they
took
arms
.
The
country
thereabouts
with
the
Diocess
of
Brem
,
submit
and
deliver
up
their
Colours
to
Tilly
,
whose
victories
are
stopt
upon
the
shoar
of
Fionia
:
Stada
which
was
stoutly
defended
by
Sir
Charles
Morgan
,
was
for
want
of
food
delivered
up
to
Tilly
April
.
Niemburg
by
the
Kings
permission
is
delivered
up
to
the
D.
of
Lunaeburg
.
The
Cesarians
labour
to
perswade
the
Hans
Towns
to
joyn
with
Cesar
and
the
Spaniard
,
against
Denmark
;
but
they
knowing
how
powerful
the
K.
of
Denmark
was
by
Sea
,
did
wisely
decline
such
an
union
,
yet
shewed
their
readiness
to
serve
Cesar
against
Denmark
and
Holsatia
,
by
carying
to
them
all
kind
of
provision
,
and
performing
such
offices
as
they
were
injoined
:
yet
some
Hans
Towns
,
either
inveigled
by
promises
,
or
affrighted
with
threatnings
,
submit
their
necks
to
the
Imperial
yoak
;
such
were
Rostok
,
Wismaria
,
and
all
the
Towns
of
Pomerania
,
except
Stralsound
,
and
Stetin
,
which
with
those
mighty
cities
of
Saxony
,
Lubec
,
Hamburg
,
Brunswick
,
Magdeburg
,
and
Brem
,
retain
their
ancient
priviledges
.
Pomerania
,
Marchia
,
and
East
Frisland
,
with
all
the
lower
Saxony
,
are
subject
to
heavy
Taxes
,
and
domineering
soldiers
.
Hamburg
was
careful
to
give
all
content
possible
to
the
Cesarian
Army
.
The
King
in
the
Month
of
April
,
recovers
by
a
strong
Fleet
Femaria
,
a
rich
Island
in
the
Baltick
Sea
,
having
slain
or
taken
the
Garison
consisting
of
seven
hundred
.
He
takes
also
some
Towns
,
and
faces
Wagria
:
but
upon
the
coming
of
the
Cesarian
Army
,
he
returns
with
his
Fleet
into
Denmark
,
having
put
a
Garison
in
Femaria
.
The
Imperialists
impose
a
heavy
Tax
upon
Stralsound
;
whereof
though
they
offered
a
part
,
yet
a
Garison
is
put
upon
them
by
Arnheim
an
Imperial
Commander
.
He
under
pretence
of
Peace
,
labours
under-hand
to
seize
upon
Denhoim
,
but
the
Townsmen
perceiving
his
treachery
,
presently
seize
themselves
of
the
place
,
and
insist
upon
a
new
agreement
.
At
last
,
not
being
able
of
themselves
to
resist
his
strength
,
they
admit
into
their
Town
the
Danish
Auxiliaries
;
by
these
they
stoutly
resisted
all
his
assaults
,
and
slew
many
of
his
men
.
Holk
the
Commander
of
the
Danish
Auxiliaries
,
understanding
,
that
Arnheim
had
been
tampering
with
some
to
betray
the
town
to
him
,
he
causeth
Letters
to
be
sent
,
intimating
to
Arnheim
what
hower
,
and
into
what
place
he
should
come
.
Arnheim
not
knowing
his
plot
,
was
detected
,
came
at
the
hower
appointed
,
when
the
Townsmen
broke
out
upon
him
,
and
drove
him
back
to
his
great
loss
.
They
also
sprung
a
Mine
under
his
works
,
which
they
blew
up
with
many
of
his
men
.
Holk
being
one
day
absent
at
a
Wedding
,
the
Senate
had
almost
yeilded
to
surrender
the
Town
;
which
he
understanding
,
returns
and
breaks
off
the
Treaty
,
as
soon
as
it
began
;
which
the
Town
was
the
more
willing
to
break
off
,
because
a
Fleet
of
Danes
was
now
in
sight
of
them
.
In
one
night
during
this
siege
,
there
were
5
several
assaults
upon
the
Town-works
,
by
Fridlands
whole
Forces
,
and
so
many
repulses
;
presently
the
King
with
his
two
sons
,
Prince
Christian
and
Duke
Frederick
,
came
to
relieve
Holk
.
Whereupon
Fridland
broke
off
the
siege
,
leaving
his
Works
for
the
Danes
to
possess
;
who
in
a
short
time
took
divers
places
,
so
that
Pomerania
now
was
in
hope
of
liberty
,
till
the
22
of
August
,
when
Fridland
routed
the
Kings
Army
,
and
slew
400
of
them
.
Upon
this
the
King
,
with
the
remainder
of
his
Army
,
takes
shipping
and
returns
to
Denmark
,
and
Fridland
to
the
siege
;
this
being
the
third
year
since
it
began
.
At
last
a
Garison
of
the
Swedes
is
admitted
into
the
Town
by
the
perswasion
of
Oxinstern
Chancelour
of
Swedland
,
who
for
that
end
was
sent
into
Denmark
.
Tychopolis
is
stoutly
defended
by
Rantzovius
;
but
the
Forts
on
the
River
Store
,
which
the
French
carelesly
lost
to
the
Cesarians
,
so
kept
off
all
provisions
,
that
the
Town
Cremus
after
13
months
siege
,
was
surrendred
by
Alefeldius
the
Governour
,
to
Fridland
,
upon
tearms
of
safety
for
himself
,
the
townsmen
and
Garison
.
But
Tychopolis
notwithstanding
the
plague
was
in
it
,
held
out
so
long
,
that
in
a
short
time
Fridland
lost
above
three
thousand
of
his
men
,
and
was
fain
at
last
to
burn
his
Huts
,
and
raise
the
siege
.
The
Cesarians
August
18.
are
beaten
at
Colmaria
,
where
they
lost
many
men
,
besides
a
thousand
wounded
.
In
Stormaria
,
and
Dithmarsia
,
all
places
far
and
near
,
are
wasted
by
the
Imperial
Garisons
there
.
A
strange
thing
fell
out
at
Itzeho
;
the
Gate
of
the
Monastery
which
the
Cesarians
took
,
flew
open
,
with
a
terrible
noise
and
clamour
in
the
night
.
The
plundred
Oxen
kept
there
,
were
suddenly
strangled
,
their
necks
being
turned
round
,
their
horns
fastned
in
the
ground
.
In
the
29
year
of
this
Century
,
the
Danish
King
held
a
Diet
at
Hafnia
,
about
Cimbria
,
Slesvigia
,
Holsatia
,
and
all
Hereditary
places
,
belonging
to
the
Holsatian
,
taken
from
him
in
these
last
Wars
,
are
restored
to
the
Dane
.
The
King
renounceth
all
the
other
Provinces
of
the
Saxons
.
The
day
before
the
Peace
was
made
,
Wilstria
is
taken
by
the
Danes
,
who
by
a
messenger
sent
from
the
King
,
are
commanded
to
lay
down
Arms.
The
news
of
Peace
was
joyfully
welcomed
by
the
people
,
and
solemn
thanks
given
to
God
;
especially
by
the
Dithmarsians
,
who
the
year
before
,
strove
to
vindicate
their
liberty
,
but
could
not
;
for
finding
no
end
of
their
exactions
,
and
other
pressures
,
in
a
rage
took
Arms
,
broke
in
upon
some
Garisons
,
and
killed
above
an
hundred
of
them
.
The
Country
people
rising
,
slew
many
of
the
Cesarians
,
which
brought
greater
misery
and
servitude
upon
them
;
for
the
inraged
soldier
hackt
some
,
drowned
others
,
and
shot
divers
with
poisoned
bullets
,
by
which
they
were
tortured
to
death
.
They
were
glad
then
to
be
eased
of
such
cruel
Masters
,
but
sorry
that
the
Saxons
,
Pomeranians
,
and
Megapolitans
,
for
whose
defence
they
took
Arms
,
did
not
enjoy
the
same
happiness
of
Peace
,
for
the
Megapolitan
Lands
were
taken
from
Adolphus
,
Frederick
,
and
Iohn
Albert
,
brothers
,
and
deposited
in
the
hands
of
Fridland
at
first
;
but
now
their
inheritance
is
taken
away
,
as
if
those
brothers
had
been
guilty
of
Treason
,
for
joyning
their
Forces
and
Councel
with
the
Dane
against
Cesar
:
but
they
made
it
appear
,
they
entred
into
League
with
the
Dane
,
for
defence
of
Saxony
only
,
and
withall
that
they
shewed
their
obedience
to
Cesar
,
by
leaving
the
Dane
,
when
by
the
Emperours
Letters
,
they
were
called
away
.
The
Protestants
were
much
troubled
about
Cesars
Edict
,
whereby
he
restores
to
the
Roman
Catholicks
all
Lands
withheld
and
taken
from
them
,
since
the
transaction
of
Passavia
,
that
is
75
years
.
The
Hollanders
seized
upon
22
Spanish
ships
belonging
to
the
Plate
Fleet
,
and
loaden
with
American
wealth
;
these
they
spoiled
,
and
brought
with
them
into
Holland
so
much
plate
and
other
things
,
as
was
esteemed
worth
200
talents
of
Gold.
This
loss
disheartned
the
Spanish
soldiers
,
as
much
as
it
encouraged
the
Hollander
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
layeth
siege
to
Sylva
Ducis
,
or
Hertogenbosch
,
by
the
French
called
Bulduc
,
which
had
been
often
heretofore
attempted
in
vain
;
but
now
after
4
months
siege
,
it
was
fain
to
yeild
to
the
Prince
,
but
not
till
some
of
the
Gates
were
blown
up
by
Mines
.
It
was
surrendred
upon
honourable
tearms
about
the
beginning
of
September
.
A
little
before
this
,
Vesalia
a
rich
and
potent
Town
upon
the
Rhene
,
was
taken
by
the
Hollander
,
with
one
thousand
two
hundred
Foot
,
and
eight
hundred
Horse
in
the
night
.
Some
bold
spirits
swimmed
over
the
Moat
,
get
into
the
Fort
not
yet
finished
,
and
kill
the
watch
;
then
they
broke
open
the
Gates
,
and
let
in
the
soldiers
.
Losanus
the
Governour
,
being
suddenly
surprised
,
was
fain
to
deliver
up
the
keys
.
The
Townsmen
who
had
been
dis-armed
before
,
and
were
angry
with
the
Spaniards
for
abridging
their
liberty
of
conscience
,
did
not
at
all
assist
the
Garison
.
There
was
taken
much
wealth
;
the
soldiers
were
dismissed
,
but
the
chief
Commanders
detained
prisoners
.
In
Iune
,
Hein
who
seized
on
the
Plate
Fleet
,
had
a
Sea
fight
with
the
Dunkarkers
,
in
which
he
lost
his
life
by
a
Bullet
,
but
got
the
Victory
,
which
not
he
,
but
his
Country
injoyed
.
The
Magdeburgers
having
studied
to
please
the
Cesarians
in
the
Saxon
War
,
and
permitted
the
bones
of
Norbert
an
ancient
Arch-Bishop
,
to
be
taken
out
of
his
Tomb
,
and
caried
to
Prague
;
yet
they
were
wronged
by
the
Cesarian
soldiers
,
who
seized
on
their
Farms
and
Villages
near
the
Town
,
and
are
kept
off
from
all
provision
,
even
from
the
benefit
of
the
River
Albis
.
Hereupon
some
of
the
Townsmen
in
a
rage
bring
away
into
the
Town
some
Vessels
laden
with
Corn
,
and
put
to
flight
the
Croat
Thieves
,
which
were
driving
away
the
Town-Cattle
.
Hence
arose
a
War
,
though
unknown
to
Cesar
,
as
that
was
of
Stralsound
:
Magdeburg
is
besieged
,
Fridland
commands
them
to
receive
a
Garison
,
adding
high
threatnings
;
but
they
behaved
themselves
so
stoutly
,
and
killed
so
many
Cesarian
by
sallies
,
that
by
the
intervening
of
some
Princes
and
Cities
,
the
Duke
was
quickly
pacified
,
and
the
City
restored
to
her
liberty
.
Stralsound
strives
also
to
defend
her
freedom
,
though
she
was
much
weakned
by
sickness
.
Hatzfield
makes
an
attempt
upon
the
City
,
but
is
beat
off
again
with
loss
.
The
King
of
Swedes
having
obtained
divers
Victories
against
the
Polander
,
at
last
concludes
a
Peace
for
six
years
with
his
Uncle
,
he
had
the
year
before
subdued
Newburg
,
and
Straisburg
,
with
Leather
Ordnance
,
the
invention
of
one
Elias
Tripus
.
The
Polander
recovered
Newburg
,
but
was
beat
from
the
siege
of
Straisburg
by
Oxenstern
the
Chanceller
,
and
from
Meve
by
the
King
himself
:
For
peace-sake
the
Swede
restores
to
Poland
,
Straisburg
,
Dirsavia
,
and
Frauberg
,
but
retains
what
he
had
got
in
Livonia
,
and
Borussia
;
some
Towns
were
left
in
the
hands
of
Brandeburg
,
as
it
were
in
deposito
;
so
an
offensive
and
defensive
peace
is
made
about
the
end
of
this
year
1629.
The
Hollanders
take
divers
places
from
the
enemy
;
and
drive
the
Spaniards
out
of
Velavia
:
They
take
also
Farnambuck
in
Brasil
,
with
much
bootie
,
and
defeat
the
Spaniards
at
Mulheim
,
whose
Commander
Iohannes
Nassovius
was
mortally
wounded
.
Charls
Duke
of
Nivern
about
this
time
,
by
the
death
of
Vincentius
his
cousin
German
,
takes
possession
of
Mantua
,
by
right
of
consanguinitie
,
and
by
will
also
,
but
without
Cesar's
knowledge
,
who
is
Lord
of
the
Fee.
The
Spaniard
and
Savoyen
Storm
at
this
,
who
have
had
old
quarrels
with
the
Dukes
of
Mantua
about
Monsferrat
;
so
the
old
Factions
between
France
and
Spain
are
renewed
.
The
Savoyen
takes
the
Spaniards
part
.
Genua
in
the
interim
is
full
of
intestin
plots
and
treacheries
,
which
lighted
heavy
at
last
upon
the
contrivers
:
To
Mantua's
side
are
joyned
the
Venetians
,
the
Viceroy
of
Sicily
and
Naples
,
with
the
Vice
Duke
of
Millan
;
these
troubles
were
attended
on
by
terrible
Earth-quakes
in
Apulia
,
which
devoured
above
17000
people
,
there
were
also
prodigious
innundations
and
blood
gushing
out
of
springs
.
Gasall
the
chief
City
of
the
Marquisat
of
Monsferrat
was
by
Consalvus
Vice
Duke
of
Millan
streightly
besieged
,
till
he
was
forced
to
rise
thence
by
the
innundation
of
Po
,
having
lost
above
6000
of
his
men
;
the
Mantuan
is
content
to
refer
his
cause
to
Cesar
,
conditionally
arms
be
laid
down
on
both
sides
:
This
was
rejected
by
the
Spaniard
,
who
could
not
endure
that
the
French
should
have
any
footing
in
Italy
:
And
by
the
Savoyen
also
,
who
had
obtained
almost
all
Monsferrat
.
Upon
this
Nivern
supported
by
France
,
goeth
on
more
coragiously
:
Mean
while
the
Grisons
submit
to
the
Austrians
,
slighting
the
Switzers
friendship
,
at
which
they
were
offended
;
but
afterward
pacified
by
the
Grisons
Agents
,
shewing
that
Caesar
acted
nothing
that
was
prejudicial
to
the
ancient
league
.
Merodius
was
Generall
of
the
Imperial
forces
;
which
went
from
the
Grisons
to
Monsferrat
,
but
the
Plague
consumed
a
third
part
of
them
;
yet
recruits
came
daily
out
of
Germany
,
by
which
they
subdued
a
great
part
of
Mantua
,
and
besieged
the
City
it self
;
but
the
Citizens
Transylvania
upon
the
death
of
Gabor
,
seemes
to
be
more
inclined
to
the
Sultan
,
then
to
Caesar.
The
French
,
English
,
and
Hollander
,
urge
earnestly
for
the
restitution
of
the
Palatin
.
The
Belgian
Forces
increas
still
,
and
incroach
more
and
more
upon
Germany
.
The
Swede
is
angry
with
the
Caesarians
,
for
making
war
upon
him
;
therefore
by
his
Manifesto
shews
,
he
hath
just
cause
to
invade
Germany
:
He
inhibits
all
importation
of
victuals
into
the
Sea-Towns
of
Pomerania
and
Megapolis
,
being
possessed
by
the
Caesarian
Soldiers
.
At
Dantsick
,
a
Treaty
for
peace
was
begun
,
but
before
the
Ambassadors
could
meet
,
it
was
broke
off
:
The
Famin
in
Pomerania
and
Rugia
,
was
also
great
,
that
some
like
Caniballs
fed
on
mens
flesh
.
Whilst
things
were
in
this
condition
,
the
Swedish
King
enters
upon
Rugia
,
having
defeated
in
some
battels
the
Caesarian
Forces
,
and
Garrisons
:
Then
having
seised
on
some
Ports
,
with
his
fleet
comes
to
Stetin
;
the
Governor
delivers
up
the
Town
to
him
,
complaining
how
Pomerania
had
suffered
by
the
Cesarian
Soldiers
,
taking
no
care
of
the
safety
of
those
that
were
under
them
.
Cesar
drove
Protestanisme
out
of
Bohemia
,
Austria
,
Moravia
,
Glogovia
,
many
Principalities
of
Silesia
,
Stiria
,
Carinthia
,
Croatia
,
Iuliers
,
Cleve
,
Grisons
;
Bavare
doth
the
like
in
both
Palatinats
.
The
Spaniard
having
deluded
King
Iames
,
retains
Frankinthal
to
himself
,
which
was
depositat
in
the
hands
of
Isabel
,
Archdutchesse
;
thence
Calvinisme
is
banished
,
and
Manheim
destroyed
.
The
Towns
of
Iuliers
,
Westphalia
,
and
the
Grisons
under
the
Spaniard
,
receive
Poperie
;
The
Lutheran
Cities
are
spoyled
and
plundred
by
Cesar.
Episcopall
rights
possessed
by
the
Protestant
Princes
many
years
,
are
demanded
by
the
first
owners
:
A
way
is
making
for
creating
Ferdinand
3d
,
King
of
the
Romans
,
he
being
Cesar's
eldest
son
by
his
Lady
Mary
of
Bavaria
;
and
two
years
before
this
was
Crowned
King
of
Hungary
and
Bohemia
.
Cesar's
other
son
Leopold
is
made
Bishop
of
Magdeburg
,
Christianus
Gulielmns
being
thrust
out
.
In
this
distempered
condition
was
Germany
,
when
the
King
of
Sweden
came
into
it
.
The
King
of
Denmark
had
3
ships
in
the
River
Albis
,
or
Elve
,
which
with
the
great
Ferrie-Boat
,
were
seised
upon
by
the
Hamburgers
,
pretending
that
the
King
had
begun
to
exact
a
new
Custom
at
Tychopolis
from
the
Sea-men
,
trading
in
that
River
,
which
they
held
to
be
theirs
by
ancient
right
;
whereas
indeed
the
Dukes
of
Holsatia
are
Masters
of
that
River
,
as
Princes
of
the
Empire
,
and
Lords
of
Hamburg
:
The
King
also
declares
that
he
imposed
no
Tribute
or
Custom
upon
Ships
,
but
required
satisfaction
for
the
hurt
done
by
the
Hamburgers
against
all
right
,
upon
the
Holsatians
,
by
exacting
a
new
Excise
for
vendible
commodities
and
victuals
.
Shortly
after
this
,
the
King
foughts
3
battels
on
Albis
with
the
Hamburgers
,
in
which
he
had
the
victory
,
and
drove
them
out
of
that
River
,
the
benefit
whereof
they
had
kept
4
months
from
the
Tychopolitans
.
CHAP.
XX.
A
continuation
of
the
Affairs
of
Turky
,
Persia
,
Aegypt
,
Greece
,
Armenia
,
and
other
adjacent
parts
under
Mahumet
1
st
,
Amurath
2ᵈ.
Mahumet
2d
,
Baiazet
and
Selymus
,
from
the
year
1412
,
till
1520.
WE
have
clearly
shewed
that
Baiazet
the
Turk
,
whom
Tamerlan
Tamerlan
.
Adriannoclis
the
chief
City
of
Thracia
was
his
seat
.
To
him
succeeded
Amurath
the
2d
,
son
to
Mahumet
:
His
chief
care
was
to
Alibaus
Bassa
,
to
whose
care
he
was
committed
by
his
father
Mahumet
.
The
Greeks
having
furnished
him
with
an
Army
,
he
takes
Nicea
of
Bithynia
,
where
he
was
betrayed
to
Amurath
by
his
Guardian
,
and
then
strangled
:
These
competitors
being
gone
,
Amurath
resolves
to
be
revenged
on
the
Greeks
their
abertors
;
having
therefore
overrun
Thracia
,
and
taken
the
remainder
of
those
Towes
which
belonged
to
the
Greek
Emperor
,
he
layeth
siege
to
Thessalonica
committed
to
the
Venetian
care
and
protection
,
which
he
takes
by
storm
and
utterly
defaces
;
presently
upon
this
,
he
subdues
with
incredible
celerity
,
Phocis
,
Attina
,
Boeotia
,
Aaetolia
,
Acannania
,
and
the
whole
Countrey
from
Peloponnesus
to
Corinth
.
Iohn
Castriot
did
then
reigne
in
that
part
of
Macedon
which
lieth
upon
the
Adriatick
,
at
this
day
known
by
the
name
of
Albania
;
he
considering
his
own
weakness
,
and
the
Turks
greatness
,
makes
his
peace
,
by
delivering
up
the
Town
Croia
,
and
giving
for
hostages
his
3
sons
,
Constantin
,
Reposius
,
and
George
,
who
for
his
comely
personage
,
and
other
excellent
parts
,
was
in
high
account
with
Amurath
,
who
gave
him
the
best
breeding
Turky
could
afford
,
and
called
him
Scandorbei
,
or
Scanderbeg
,
that
is
,
Alexander
the
great
;
before
he
was
scarce
fit
to
bear
Arms
,
he
is
imployed
against
Carmannus
the
Cilician
,
which
war
he
managed
with
great
dexterity
,
and
withall
,
killed
two
of
the
chief
Combattants
,
who
provoked
him
to
a
Duell
:
The
one
was
a
Scythian
Foot-man
,
the
other
a
Persian
Horse-man
,
relying
on
the
Turks
favour
,
upon
the
newes
of
his
Fathers
death
,
he
Petitions
Amurath
for
his
ancient
Inheritance
,
which
was
granted
him
.
But
George
doubting
the
Turk
was
not
reall
,
makes
an
escape
into
Epirus
,
where
by
counterfeit
Letters
he
gets
Croia
,
with
other
places
of
Epirus
and
Macedon
.
For
many
years
together
he
so
defended
his
Dominions
against
Amurath
,
and
Mahumet
;
that
still
he
defeated
the
Turkish
Armies
.
Amurath
having
subdued
partly
,
and
partly
wasted
Illyrus
,
Albania
,
and
Bofna
,
marcheth
against
the
Bulgarians
,
Walachians
,
and
Servians
,
upon
hopes
to
subdue
Hungary
.
George
Despot
of
Servia
humbly
Petitions
Amurath
for
peace
,
proffering
his
daughter
to
him
in
marriage
,
which
he
accepts
,
and
makes
peace
;
which
shortly
after
he
breaks
,
and
drives
him
out
of
his
Kingdome
,
taking
from
him
his
chief
towns
,
and
his
two
sons
,
whose
eye-sight
he
barbarously
put
out
;
by
holding
near
them
a
hot
burning
brass
bason
:
George
flyeth
into
Hungary
to
Albert
of
Austria
,
who
having
raised
an
Army
died
of
a
dissenterie
:
Hungary
being
full
of
intestin
broyls
,
calls
in
Laudislaus
of
Poland
.
The
Turk
sets
upon
Belgrada
,
but
is
beat
off
with
great
losse
.
Amurath
by
his
two
Bassais
wasts
the
places
about
Belgrada
,
and
makes
incursions
into
Transylvania
;
both
these
were
defeated
and
cut
off
by
Iohn
Hunniades
,
who
recovered
a
good
part
of
Servia
and
all
Moldavia
.
The
Turk
also
is
beat
in
Panonia
,
so
that
he
is
forced
to
sue
for
peace
,
and
to
restore
George
Despot
of
Servia
.
Then
he
marcheth
against
Carmannus
in
Cilicia
,
but
is
called
back
into
Europ
upon
the
breach
of
the
10
years
peace
by
Ladislaus
,
who
by
the
perswasion
of
Iulian
the
Cardinall
,
in
the
Turks
absence
had
invaded
his
Europian
Dominions
:
The
Christian
Army
was
defeated
,
and
Ladislaus
slain
,
as
we
have
already
said
.
Amurath
puft
up
with
this
Victory
,
marcheth
into
Peloponnesus
,
to
be
revenged
on
the
Greeks
who
animated
Ladislaus
against
him
,
there
he
breaks
down
the
strong
wall
Hexamilium
,
built
by
the
Greeks
and
Venetians
,
with
5
Castles
on
it
,
to
divide
this
Isthmus
(
6
miles
of
length
between
the
two
seas
)
from
the
main
land
of
Greece
.
The
Emperors
brother
of
Byzantium
,
with
his
whole
Army
appointed
to
guard
this
wall
,
are
overthrown
by
the
Turk
.
After
this
Constantin
Paleologus
the
Greek
Emperor
,
repaired
this
wall
,
which
shortly
by
command
from
Amurath
,
he
pulls
down
again
.
Here
divers
Forts
and
Towns
are
taken
by
the
Turk
,
who
upon
a
Petition
for
peace
,
made
the
Countrey
tributary
,
and
withdrew
his
Army
thence
to
their
winter-quarters
.
George
Castriot
so
manfully
maintained
the
Epirotick
war
and
his
fathers
patrimony
against
Amurath
,
that
during
this
space
,
he
overthrew
seaven
severall
armies
sent
thither
under
the
command
of
so
many
Bassaies
,
and
at
last
forced
Amurath
himself
,
who
had
Beleaguered
Croia
with
a
formidable
army
,
to
raise
his
siege
,
having
lost
multitudes
of
his
Turks
.
After
this
disaster
they
write
that
Amurath
vowed
a
solitary
life
,
with
a
few
Priests
in
a
Cave
of
Bithynia
,
where
he
gave
himself
to
Contemplation
,
committing
the
care
of
his
Dominions
to
Hali
Bassai
.
But
,
he
was
quickly
called
off
from
his
Contemplation
by
Huniades
and
Scanderbeg
;
The
one
having
raised
a
vast
Army
of
Hungarians
,
Bohemians
,
and
Germans
to
repay
the
loss
of
Christians
at
Varna
;
The
other
had
subdued
all
Macedonia
,
and
restored
to
Bosna
,
Rascia
,
and
Illyris
,
their
Despots
,
and
thrown
out
the
Turk's
Garrisons
,
which
Plunder
Illyricum
and
Istria
,
to
the
affrighting
of
Venice
.
George
that
perfideous
Despot
of
Servia
,
forgetfull
of
the
help
Hungary
afforded
him
,
betrays
all
the
Counsells
of
Huniades
to
the
Enemy
,
so
that
by
this
means
he
lost
two
battels
,
yet
was
strangely
preserved
himself
;
for
being
taken
by
two
Turks
,
he
killed
one
,
and
made
the
other
fly
;
and
when
he
was
interrupted
by
the
same
George
,
he
was
restored
by
him
to
the
Hungarians
,
which
occasioned
a
new
war
between
the
Turk
and
him
;
but
Huniades
to
shew
his
gratitude
,
came
and
assisted
him
when
he
was
almost
defeated
,
and
obtained
a
signall
victory
over
the
Turks
.
Afterward
in
Epirus
,
Amurath
received
so
many
losses
,
that
he
fell
melancholy
and
sick
,
then
being
removed
from
the
Camp
to
Adrianopolis
,
he
became
mad
,
and
so
died
,
having
reigned
thirty
two
years
,
and
lived
seventy
five
.
He
was
the
first
of
the
Ottomans
Macedonion
Phalanx
:
This
Militia
as
the
Mamalucks
of
Egypt
,
was
made
up
of
Christian
children
taken
violently
from
their
parents
,
brought
up
in
the
Turkish
discipline
and
superstition
,
and
forced
to
renounce
Christianity
,
by
receiving
circucmision
;
these
the
Turks
call
Janizaries
,
they
guard
the
Sultans
person
:
At
first
they
were
but
8000
armed
with
arrows
and
spears
,
now
they
are
almost
double
that
number
,
and
their
arms
are
musquets
.
He
left
behind
him
three
sons
,
Mahumet
,
Tursin
,
and
Calepin
,
Mahumet
being
spectator
himself
,
made
Moyses
Bassai
choak
Tursin
(
being
but
18
months
old
)
in
the
water
,
when
the
child's
mother
cried
out
upon
the
barbarous
Tyrant
,
uttering
many
curses
against
him
,
he
to
please
this
his
step-mother
,
delivers
into
her
hand
the
author
of
this
paricide
bound
;
she
in
the
presence
of
the
Tyrant
,
thrust
a
knife
into
his
heart
,
and
ripping
up
his
body
,
pulls
out
his
liver
,
which
she
flung
to
the
doggs
:
Amurathes
had
committed
Calepin
his
third
son
,
to
Hali
Bassai
,
a
man
of
great
esteem
with
him
:
Mahumet
caused
the
childe
delivered
up
to
him
by
Hali
,
to
be
strangled
.
Afterward
Hali
himself
was
stranged
,
being
first
tortured
by
Mahumet
,
upon
pretence
that
he
held
corespondencie
with
the
Christians
;
but
indeed
he
was
excessively
rich
,
which
is
crime
enough
to
a
covetous
Prince
.
Some
think
that
this
Calepin
whom
Mahumet
killed
,
was
supposititious
,
and
not
the
son
of
Amurath
,
who
was
conveyed
to
Byzantium
,
and
from
thence
where
it
was
taken
,
to
Venice
,
thence
to
Rome
by
the
Order
of
Pope
Calixtus
,
who
caused
him
to
be
baptized
,
to
take
a
Christian
name
,
and
to
be
instructed
in
Christian
doctrin
;
afterward
he
went
to
Frederick
the
Emperor
,
who
used
him
honorably
:
The
rest
of
his
life
he
spent
in
Austria
.
Mahumet
then
the
second
,
began
his
reigne
with
parricid
,
after
the
example
of
his
Ancestors
,
and
continued
in
his
barbarous
cruelties
;
his
mother
who
was
the
Despot
of
Servia's
daughter
;
had
instructed
him
in
the
Christian
faith
,
but
he
adhered
more
to
Mahumetanisme
,
at
last
turned
plain
Atheist
,
scoffing
at
providence
,
and
acknowledging
no
other
deitie
but
good
luck
:
He
was
most
addicted
to
Militarie
parts
;
and
first
of
the
Ottomans
that
made
use
of
sea-fights
,
and
ships
of
war
,
by
which
he
strove
with
Venice
for
command
of
the
sea
;
his
first
and
most
terrible
warlick
exploit
was
that
against
Constantinople
,
which
after
fifty
four
days
siege
he
took
the
29
of
May
:
Within
the
walls
besides
the
Townes-people
,
there
were
but
six
thousand
Greek
Soldiers
,
and
three
thousand
Venetian
and
Genuan
Auxiliaries
;
whereas
Mahumets
army
consisted
of
four
hundred
thousand
men
,
most
of
which
were
gathered
out
of
the
Christian
Territories
,
he
assaulted
the
City
both
by
land
and
sea
,
he
made
three
severall
breaches
in
the
walls
,
where
the
Turks
gave
furious
assaults
,
but
were
stoutly
resisted
by
the
Christians
,
till
Pera
over
against
Byzantium
,
which
the
Lattins
had
in
posssession
,
is
surrendred
to
the
Turks
.
Three
days
after
,
Mahumet
enters
the
City
,
and
pacifieth
all
Tumults
:
Hee
made
search
for
some
Prime
men
who
had
concealed
themseves
,
these
he
commanded
to
be
cut
in
pieces
.
In
their
feasts
,
they
abused
divers
matrons
and
virgins
,
and
then
barbarously
murthered
them
:
This
end
had
that
famous
City
wherein
the
Gospel
flourished
from
the
first
,
to
the
last
Constantin
,
about
eleven
hundred
and
twenty
years
;
that
light
went
out
,
being
overwhelmed
with
Mahumetan
darkness
,
which
was
presaged
by
that
flame
from
heaven
,
shining
one
night
over
the
City
,
and
the
next
vanishing
away
,
as
the
Turks
in
their
siege
observed
.
Yet
Mahumet
invited
the
Christians
to
dwell
there
,
and
to
use
their
Religion
,
for
that
cause
he
confirmed
their
Patriarch
which
they
had
chosen
,
by
delivering
to
him
the
Pastorall
staff
openly
:
This
he
did
that
so
great
a
City
might
not
lie
desolate
for
want
of
Inhabitants
.
Three
years
after
,
Mahumet
(
but
not
with
the
like
success
)
attempted
Belgrade
,
where
after
two
days
fight
he
received
a
wound
under
the
left
pap
,
and
was
carried
for
dead
out
of
the
camp
,
which
the
Turks
lost
with
all
their
baggage
David
Comuenus
.
The
Tyrant
offended
that
an
inferior
Lord
should
give
him
the
Law
,
and
envying
his
new
obtained
happiness
,
provides
an
Army
both
by
land
and
sea
against
him
:
A
part
of
his
fleet
he
sends
before
to
Pontus
,
and
Synope
towards
Trapezund
,
and
follows
himself
by
land
;
he
overruns
a
great
part
of
Asia
with
wonderfull
celerity
,
and
before
he
was
dreamed
of
,
pitcheth
his
camp
near
Usumcassanes
:
Two
great
battels
are
fought
near
Euphrates
,
Amurath
Bassai
the
Turks
Generall
,
a
Greek
born
,
was
here
killed
,
and
the
Turks
Forces
much
weakned
;
but
the
third
battel
that
Mahumet
fought
,
was
more
successfull
,
for
in
it
the
Persians
,
with
the
unacquainted
noyse
of
the
Ordnance
were
dispersed
,
and
Usumcassanes
forced
to
flye
,
having
lost
his
son
Zeinald
who
was
shot
there
:
Shortly
after
this
Victory
Mahumet
subdues
Synope
,
and
all
Paphlagonia
,
then
he
besiegeth
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
Trapezund
the
Royall
City
,
and
takes
it
,
with
the
Kings
Treasure
;
King
David
himself
,
his
two
sons
,
and
Cousin
German
Calo
Iohannes
,
whom
he
sent
before
to
Byzantium
,
and
there
in
his
triumph
cruelly
murthered
,
and
with
them
the
whole
race
of
the
Comueni
:
Then
having
of
these
Kingdomes
made
Provinces
,
he
subdues
Caramannus
,
and
takes
Cilicia
from
him
,
thence
returned
to
Byzantium
;
Islanders
.
Catalusius
Prince
of
Lesbos
a
Genuan
,
was
by
his
command
cruelly
put
to
death
:
Then
by
his
Land
Forces
,
he
invades
Dracula
,
Prince
of
Walachia
,
by
whom
he
was
like
to
have
been
surprised
and
his
Army
,
but
that
Mahumet
Bassai
,
who
succeeded
to
Hali
Bassai
in
Office
and
dignity
,
got
off
the
Army
,
but
with
great
loss
.
Then
having
recruited
his
Army
,
he
falls
upon
the
upper
Mysia
,
and
Illyricum
,
and
drives
Steeven
King
of
Bosua
out
of
his
Kingdome
,
and
kills
him
:
But
this
Kingdome
was
shortly
after
recovered
by
Mathias
Corvinus
,
with
divers
other
places
in
Dalmatia
and
Croatia
,
possessed
by
the
Turks
.
Before
his
Asiatin
expedition
,
he
entred
Peloponnesus
,
where
he
took
away
the
Principalitie
of
the
Paleologi
from
the
two
brothers
,
Thomas
and
Demetrius
,
being
then
at
variance
:
Demetrius
complied
with
the
Enemy
,
to
whom
he
married
his
daughter
:
Thomas
having
lost
all
,
fled
to
Rome
;
In
the
interim
the
Venetians
repair
the
wall
Hexamilium
,
to
keep
their
possessions
in
Peloponnesus
from
the
Turks
incursions
;
which
he
perceiving
,
breaks
in
upon
them
with
80
thousand
men
,
wasts
all
the
Countrey
about
defeats
the
Venetians
,
takes
in
the
whole
Peleponnese
,
and
throwes
down
the
wall
;
shortly
after
he
casts
the
Venetians
out
of
Lesbos
,
having
slain
5000
men
,
for
they
had
lately
recovered
it
with
Lemnus
.
He
takes
also
the
Isle
Eubaeo
from
them
,
having
made
a
bridge
over
Eurypus
,
then
takes
Chalis
the
30
day
after
it
was
besieged
,
the
Venetian
Gallies
not
daring
to
give
assistance
,
who
having
the
winde
favourable
,
might
have
seised
on
,
or
demolished
the
bridg
;
the
Tyrant
being
enraged
at
the
loss
of
40000
of
his
army
slain
this
siege
in
divers
skirmishes
,
commanded
that
all
in
the
Town
above
20
years
old
,
should
be
put
to
the
Sword.
This
Tyrant
not
yet
glutted
enough
with
bloud
,
sends
Homaris
and
Malrecius
,
2
armies
into
Dalmatia
,
Homaris
being
a
Genuan
by
his
father
,
naturally
hated
the
Venetians
.
In
this
invasion
Novellus
the
Venetian
General
was
slain
:
Stiria
and
Corinthia
are
not
free
from
the
Turks
fury
.
The
truce
being
ended
between
Mahumet
and
Scanderbeg
;
he
sits
down
before
Croia
and
Scodra
,
and
after
a
long
siege
,
takes
them
both
.
Scodra
was
surrendred
by
the
Venetians
,
at
which
time
Solyman
Bassa
takes
Capha
the
head
City
of
Bosphorus
,
and
a
Colony
of
the
Genuois
in
Tauraca
Chemsonesus
,
he
makes
also
the
Praecopit
Tartars
(
who
had
thence
driven
out
the
Goths
)
tributarys
to
Mahumet
:
He
cut
off
the
heads
of
two
Gothish
Princes
that
were
brothers
;
the
rest
of
that
Nation
afterward
Baiazet
subdued
.
Scanderbeg
being
driven
out
of
his
Countrey
,
went
to
Italy
,
where
he
took
part
with
Ferdinand
King
of
Naples
against
the
French
:
After
this
he
died
of
a
Feaver
,
as
he
was
consulting
with
the
Venetians
about
renewing
the
war
against
the
Turk
;
he
died
the
63d
d
year
of
his
life
:
On
his
death-bed
he
commended
the
care
of
his
young
son
Iohn
to
the
Senat
of
Venice
.
It's
recorded
of
this
Scanderbeg
,
that
out
of
the
vehemency
Peloponnesus
,
Mysia
and
Illyricum
,
makes
peace
with
the
Venetians
on
these
conditions
;
that
they
should
deliver
up
to
him
Scodra
,
Fenarus
a
promontorie
of
Laconia
,
with
Lemnus
,
and
pay
yearly
8
thousand
crowns
,
for
their
trading
in
the
black
Sea.
After
this
he
undertakes
three
expeditions
at
the
same
time
,
gaping
at
an
universal
Monarchy
;
to
wit
,
against
Rhodes
by
Mesithes
Bassai
of
the
race
of
the
Palaeolegi
,
by
Acomathes
Bassai
,
against
Italy
and
Rome
,
he
himself
marched
into
Asia
.
Mesithes
after
many
and
bloody
attempts
(
but
in
vain
)
upon
Rhodes
,
returned
with
the
loss
of
30000
and
disgrace
:
Acomathes
onely
affrighted
Italy
,
and
made
the
people
flye
out
of
Rome
.
Mahumet
himself
at
Nicomedia
,
fell
into
tormenting
fits
of
the
Colick
,
which
in
three
days
put
an
end
both
to
his
life
and
victories
,
the
53d
d
year
of
his
age
,
and
of
his
reigne
31
:
He
subdued
the
two
Royal
Seats
of
Syria
,
Peloponnesus
,
Armenia
,
and
Sclavonia
.
He
took
from
the
Christians
20
Provinces
,
and
two
hundred
Towns
,
he
was
a
most
cruel
and
bloody
Tyrant
;
For
when
he
took
Hydruntum
in
Apulia
,
he
caused
the
Arch-Bishop
of
that
place
to
be
cut
with
a
wooden
saw
,
and
tortured
many
to
death
;
he
was
a
notorious
whore-monger
,
and
Sodomit
;
it's
thought
he
caused
above
twenty
thousand
to
be
put
to
death
at
times
,
besides
those
that
were
killed
in
the
wars
;
at
last
he
was
poysoned
,
who
himself
was
the
greatest
poyson
of
mankinde
,
chiefly
of
Christians
and
Christianity
.
The
Turkish
Garison
in
Hydruntum
,
understanding
Mahumet
was
dead
,
delivered
up
the
Town
to
Matthias
Corvinus
and
the
Italians
that
besieged
it
,
upon
condition
they
might
have
their
lives
;
though
they
knew
Acomathis
was
returning
with
25
thousands
Turks
:
The
Greek
Muses
which
were
banished
by
these
barbarous
Scythians
,
found
an
habitation
for
them
in
Italy
,
and
other
Western
Countries
,
being
transplanted
thither
by
Chrysoloras
,
Trapezuntius
,
Gaza
,
Argyropilus
,
Chalcondyles
,
Lasearas
,
&c.
To
Mahomet
succeeded
his
son
Bajazet
,
who
was
when
his
Father
died
,
at
his
charge
in
Cappadocia
,
being
their
Governour
.
His
Brother
Gemes
also
was
then
at
Iconium
;
the
chief
City
of
Lacaonia
,
that
Province
being
under
his
command
.
The
elder
brother
Mustapha
,
who
had
been
employed
by
his
Father
against
Vsumcassanes
,
and
had
put
to
flight
Ioseph
the
Persian
General
,
the
great
supporter
of
King
Carmannus
,
was
dead
at
Iconium
,
by
intemperance
and
letchery
.
Some
difference
arose
among
the
Bassaies
and
Ianisares
,
about
the
succession
,
so
that
the
quarrel
broke
out
into
blowes
:
at
last
the
Ianisares
or
Praetorians
proclaimed
Bajazet
Emperour
,
by
means
of
the
Beglerbeg
of
Graecia
,
and
the
Aga
or
Captain
of
the
Praetorians
,
Bajazets
sons
in
Law.
Some
of
the
prime
Commanders
of
the
Horse
set
up
Corchatus
Bajazets
son
,
by
placing
him
in
the
Throne
,
and
delivering
to
him
the
Treasures
and
Castles
of
the
Empire
.
Achmet
Bassa
,
who
lately
took
Hydruntum
,
joined
with
these
.
Bajazet
rides
post
from
Cappadocia
,
complaining
with
tears
,
of
the
wrong
done
him
,
by
debarring
him
of
his
right
.
But
he
could
not
prevail
till
his
young
son
of
his
own
accord
submitted
the
Government
to
his
Father
.
The
Ianisares
whom
the
Bassais
out
of
malice
had
stirred
up
,
were
pacified
by
large
bribes
.
Gemes
also
makes
haste
out
of
Lycaonia
,
a
neer
Province
,
but
being
prevented
by
Bajazet
,
is
kept
out
of
Bizantium
;
wherefore
he
makes
War
,
being
assisted
by
Carmannus
,
and
the
Egyptian
Sultan
,
against
his
brother
;
who
overthrew
him
in
three
Battels
:
whereupon
out
of
despaire
,
he
fled
to
Rhodes
,
leaving
at
Carrae
his
mother
,
and
his
son
and
daughter
,
that
were
Twins
,
whom
Bajazet
put
to
death
.
The
Knights
of
Rhodes
sent
Gemes
to
Rome
,
upon
the
desire
of
Pope
Innocent
4.
Lewis
11.
of
France
,
and
Matthias
King
of
Hungary
,
in
hope
of
some
great
Victory
against
Bajazet
.
He
lodged
in
the
Vatican
,
and
was
given
as
an
Hostage
to
Charles
8.
of
France
,
with
Valentin
Borgias
,
the
Popes
son
,
by
Alexander
6.
when
Charles
marched
out
of
Rome
to
the
siege
of
Naples
.
But
Gemes
died
by
the
way
,
being
poisoned
by
Pope
Alexander
,
fearing
lest
Charles
in
delivering
him
up
to
his
brother
,
should
thereby
obtain
Bajazets
favour
.
Achmet
Bassa
,
who
had
preserved
the
Empire
for
Bajazet
against
his
brother
,
was
for
his
good
service
strangled
by
the
same
Bajazet
,
pretending
that
he
meant
to
advance
Gemes
to
the
Throne
:
but
indeed
Achmet
had
great
Treasures
,
which
caused
his
ruine
,
but
to
the
good
of
Christians
,
whose
mortal
Enemy
he
was
.
This
Bajazet
delighted
more
in
Scholarship
,
then
Arms
;
yet
to
maintain
the
power
he
had
got
,
makes
war
first
against
the
Christians
,
and
in
the
third
year
of
his
reign
subdued
Walachia
.
Afterward
transfers
his
War
into
Asia
,
to
punish
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
for
aiding
his
brother
Gemes
with
Victuals
,
Men
,
and
Money
,
against
him
.
For
Carmannus
of
Cilicia
was
already
subdued
,
and
his
Country
made
a
Province
.
Caithbaeius
at
this
time
was
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
by
birth
a
Circassian
,
and
by
condition
a
servant
.
From
his
childhood
he
was
instructed
in
the
Arts
,
and
Manners
of
the
Mamalucs
,
and
by
the
Law
of
Mahomet
was
made
free
.
These
Mamalucs
were
Christians
of
the
Muscovite
,
or
Roxalan
profession
.
Out
of
them
the
Sultans
were
chosen
out
of
the
Circassian
slaves
,
who
dwelt
upon
the
Fuxin
Sea
,
and
were
chosen
after
the
extirpation
of
Saladius
posterity
.
Now
,
these
Mamalucs
are
the
children
of
Christians
,
and
must
be
baptized
,
and
educated
in
Christian
Religion
,
which
they
are
to
aband
on
and
forswear
,
before
they
can
be
Mamalucs
.
This
Caithbaeius
was
made
Sultan
for
his
Valour
;
the
Egyptians
standing
in
need
of
such
a
man
,
for
suppressing
the
Arabian
Thieves
,
and
curbing
the
Persians
,
who
made
divers
irruptions
upon
Comagene
and
Syria
;
and
keeping
the
Turks
from
breaking
out
of
Cilicia
upon
the
Egyptian
Territories
.
All
these
Wars
he
happily
undertook
;
for
he
subdued
the
Arabians
,
and
made
them
Tributaries
.
Then
in
two
battels
drove
back
the
Persians
beyond
Euphrates
,
and
mastered
the
Turks
twice
in
Cilicia
by
the
help
and
councel
of
two
Italian
Mamalucs
,
the
two
chief
Turkish
Commanders
,
Mesithes
Palaeologus
,
and
Cherseogles
,
were
taken
.
This
was
the
son
of
Chetsechius
,
Prince
of
Illyricum
,
who
took
away
his
sons
wife
from
him
,
which
so
exasperated
his
son
,
that
he
renounced
Christianity
,
and
betook
himself
to
Bajazet
,
whose
daughter
he
married
.
In
this
Battel
of
Tharsis
,
scaree
the
third
part
of
an
hundred
thousand
Turks
escaped
.
Bajazet
being
weary
of
the
Asian
wars
,
returns
back
into
Europe
,
where
he
takes
Dyrrachium
,
and
in
the
large
fields
of
Liburnis
,
in
Croatia
,
overthrew
the
united
Forces
of
Illyrium
,
Panonia
,
and
Croatia
.
Then
he
made
Iohn
Castriot
,
Scanderbegs
son
,
who
had
defeated
the
Garison
soldiers
of
Bajazet
in
Croatia
,
and
driven
the
Turks
out
of
his
Territories
.
Besides
,
the
Venetians
had
prohibited
Bajazets
ships
in
his
Syrian
Expedition
,
to
harbour
in
Cyprus
,
though
he
earnestly
intreated
them
.
Also
Lewis
Sforsia
,
a
great
Enemy
of
the
Venetians
,
egged
him
on
.
The
beginnings
of
this
war
succeeded
well
to
the
Turk
;
for
Schenderus
Bassa
,
by
Land
made
excursions
as
far
as
Tarvisium
,
and
Deuches
the
Turks
Admiral
,
by
Sea
,
entred
even
to
Iadra
in
Dalmatia
,
and
caried
thence
a
great
multitude
of
captives
.
He
was
once
in
danger
to
have
been
Two
years
after
Bajazet
with
an
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
men
,
brake
in
upon
Peloponnesus
;
he
divided
his
Army
into
three
parts
about
Methon
.
After
divers
Skirmishes
on
both
sides
,
he
gets
within
the
Town
,
when
unhappily
the
Townsmen
spying
three
Venetian
Gallies
,
coming
towards
them
with
Arms
,
Men
,
and
Provision
,
forsook
their
station
,
and
went
down
to
the
shoar
,
to
receive
the
Supplies
sent
them
.
They
were
all
taken
prisoners
,
being
above
a
thousand
of
them
,
and
in
the
presence
of
the
Tyrant
massacred
,
except
some
patricii
,
whose
lives
were
begged
by
Cherseogles
,
Bajazets
son
in
Law.
Some
other
places
being
affrighted
at
this
cruelty
,
yeilded
to
the
Tyrant
,
one
of
those
was
Pilus
,
where
Nestor
of
old
lived
.
Bajazet
after
this
,
returns
as
a
Conquerour
to
Byzantium
,
but
Spain
and
France
resolve
to
aid
Venice
.
Pisaurius
the
Venetian
Admiral
,
by
the
advice
and
courage
of
Consalvus
the
Spaniard
,
took
Cephalonia
,
in
the
Ionian
Sea
,
having
a
double
Harbour
,
and
a
rich
Soil
.
He
took
also
by
storm
Leucade
,
and
Nericum
,
and
put
the
whole
Turkish
Garison
to
the
Sword.
But
the
French
Fleet
at
Lesbos
,
attempting
Mitylene
,
had
not
the
like
success
,
for
the
ships
were
so
torn
,
scattered
,
and
wrackt
by
a
storm
,
that
much
adoe
they
had
to
escape
to
Tarentum
.
At
last
a
Peace
is
concluded
on
these
conditions
,
that
Cephalonia
should
continue
in
the
Venetian
jurisdiction
,
as
it
was
before
the
Turkish
Empire
.
Leucas
and
Nericum
should
be
restored
to
the
Turk
.
This
Peace
was
the
more
easily
obtained
,
because
in
Persia
Ismael
the
Sophi
,
descended
from
Usumcassanes
by
the
mother
,
had
made
himself
King
upon
the
death
of
Iacuppus
,
the
son
of
Usumcassanes
,
whom
his
libidinous
wife
perfidiously
murthered
.
This
change
of
the
State
came
in
with
the
change
of
Mahometan
superstition
,
which
by
the
wavering
and
credulous
multitude
,
was
greedily
embraced
.
These
new
Sectaries
,
with
great
success
,
over-run
Cappadocia
,
and
Lycaonia
,
kills
Bajazets
two
Nephews
,
Orchanes
and
Mahumet
,
two
Bassais
,
the
Beglerbeg
of
Asia
,
and
Hali
,
and
overthrows
two
Armies
,
before
Bajazet
knew
of
the
danger
.
Ismael
was
the
son
of
Harduellis
,
a
Persian
Prince
,
and
of
Martha
the
daughter
of
Usumcassanes
,
who
was
the
first
of
the
Assimbaean
Turks
,
that
after
the
murther
of
Malconches
,
the
Persian
King
possessed
himself
of
that
Kingdom
.
Harduelles
the
Father
,
would
have
the
Mahumetan
Law
expounded
after
the
mind
of
Hali
,
that
was
Mahumets
Interpreter
,
and
Companion
;
and
not
after
the
way
of
Homer
,
whom
the
other
Turks
followed
.
Harduelles
by
his
affected
holiness
and
strictness
of
life
,
above
all
other
men
,
drew
admiration
,
and
innumerable
Disciples
after
him
,
which
eagerly
maintained
his
Dictates
,
rejecting
the
ancient
Rites
.
Usumcassanes
being
yet
scarce
warm
in
his
Kingdom
,
began
to
suspect
those
great
Meetings
,
and
Assemblies
of
people
,
who
many
times
under
pretence
of
Religion
,
plot
Innovasion
;
when
therefore
he
finds
,
that
by
force
he
could
not
suppress
Harduelles
,
he
makes
him
his
son
in
Law
,
by
marying
him
to
his
daughter
;
of
which
mariage
came
this
son
Ismael
:
but
Iacuppus
Usumcassanus
his
son
,
after
his
Fathers
death
,
by
some
Assasins
murthered
Harduellis
,
and
banished
or
killed
his
followers
,
thinking
this
way
to
free
himself
of
fear
and
danger
.
Ismael
being
yet
a
child
,
got
out
of
his
Uncles
reach
,
into
Hircania
;
and
one
of
the
chief
Disciples
Techelles
,
(
called
from
his
red
Cap
,
or
Turban
Cuselbas
,
which
he
wore
for
distinctions
sake
)
escaped
over
Euphrates
unto
the
lesser
Armenia
.
These
two
overthrew
the
posterity
of
Usumcassanes
,
and
so
busied
the
Turks
,
that
they
could
have
no
leisure
to
prosecute
their
Victories
in
Europe
.
Ismael
by
maintaining
his
Fathers
Doctrine
,
obtained
no
less
love
and
admiration
,
then
he
;
so
that
Iacuppus
being
poisoned
by
his
wife
,
he
resolves
to
recover
his
Fathers
patrimony
,
and
his
Mothers
Dowry
;
to
this
purpose
,
he
arms
his
Followers
,
and
procured
Auxiliaries
from
Pyrchales
,
a
Prince
of
Hircania
,
to
whom
he
had
fled
.
So
in
a
short
time
he
recovered
his
Fathers
Estate
,
and
daily
increasing
in
strength
,
took
by
storm
Symachia
,
on
the
borders
of
Media
.
Then
upon
hopes
of
obtaining
the
Kingdom
of
Persia
,
marcheth
with
his
Army
to
Taurisium
,
or
Taura
,
a
flourishing
City
of
the
Persians
in
the
greater
Armenia
,
where
Alvantes
the
son
of
Iacuppus
(
who
drove
his
brother
Miratchamus
out
of
Armenia
and
Persia
)
dwelt
.
He
was
hated
by
the
Citizens
,
because
he
murthered
many
of
them
for
adhering
to
his
brother
.
This
City
upon
the
flight
of
Alvantes
thence
,
yeilded
without
blowes
to
Ismael
,
with
the
Kings
whole
Treasure
.
Then
hearing
that
Alvantes
had
raised
an
Army
,
he
fights
him
.
Alvantes
lost
both
his
life
and
his
Army
.
Upon
the
fame
of
this
Victory
,
the
neighbouring
places
and
people
submit
to
his
Law
and
Government
.
Thence
he
marcheth
into
Mesopotamia
against
Moratchamus
,
the
other
brother
,
who
had
an
Army
at
Babylon
,
but
he
fearing
Ismaels
power
,
and
his
own
weakness
,
flies
with
his
wife
and
children
,
and
all
the
wealth
he
could
convay
,
into
Arabia
.
Ismael
having
with
his
conquering
Army
over-run
a
great
part
of
the
East
,
he
marcheth
out
of
Assyria
into
Media
,
where
he
takes
in
some
Garisons
of
Alvantes
,
and
returns
into
Armenia
.
The
Albanians
,
Iberians
,
and
Scythians
,
beyond
the
Caspian
Sea
,
being
Tributaries
to
the
Persian
,
had
not
paid
their
Tributes
in
four
years
,
nor
had
they
sent
all
this
while
any
Embassador
to
congratulate
the
Sophies
Victories
,
therefore
he
reduced
them
to
their
duty
by
force
of
Arms.
In
this
mean
while
Techelles
by
Preaching
and
Prophecying
,
drew
Cappadocia
to
join
both
in
Arms
and
Doctrine
with
him
;
and
by
the
Persian
help
,
he
breaks
in
upon
Lycaonia
,
a
rich
and
populous
Country
,
where
he
overthrew
Orchanes
and
Mahumet
,
Bajazets
Nephews
;
then
he
marcheth
through
lesser
Asia
,
where
Corchutus
,
Bajazets
son
,
was
with
an
Army
,
but
refused
to
fight
:
then
through
Galatia
,
he
breaks
in
upon
Bithynia
,
where
he
met
with
Caragius
Bassa
,
Commander
of
the
Asiatick
Horse
,
whom
they
call
Belerbei
,
him
Techelles
put
to
flight
,
and
pursues
him
to
Cauthia
,
a
town
in
the
midst
of
Asia
minor
,
and
there
beleaguered
him
.
At
last
he
takes
the
town
,
and
Caragius
alive
in
it
,
with
his
wife
.
From
thence
he
intended
to
take
in
Prusia
,
the
Metropolis
of
Bithynia
,
but
was
hindred
by
Bajazets
new
Forces
under
Halt
Bassa
,
the
Maceaontan
Eunuch
,
whom
Techelles
unexpectedly
meets
,
and
to
keep
him
off
from
fighting
,
took
Caragius
the
Beglerbeg
,
whom
he
caried
about
in
chains
,
and
paled
him
in
the
High-way
,
that
they
might
be
affrighted
at
this
sad
spectacle
;
but
indeed
Hali
Bassa
was
so
inraged
at
this
sight
,
that
because
he
could
not
overtake
him
with
his
whole
Army
,
pursues
him
eagerly
with
eight
thousand
Horse
,
and
fights
him
.
In
the
first
encounter
,
Techlles
was
worsted
,
but
shortly
after
,
he
got
the
Victory
,
and
killed
Hali
Bassa
.
To
whom
succeeded
Iunus
Bassa
,
of
Epirus
,
whom
Achmet
,
Bajazets
son
,
furnished
with
Forces
.
He
at
last
drove
Techelles
out
of
Asia
:
Thus
doe
the
Enemies
of
Christ
destroy
each
other
.
Bajazet
being
much
troubled
with
the
disasters
of
this
War
,
with
the
Gout
,
and
old
Age
,
likewise
with
the
great
calamities
of
that
time
,
caused
by
Earth-quakes
,
and
the
plague
,
began
to
consult
with
his
Bassaes
about
his
successor
,
which
occasioned
Civil
Wars
;
for
Bajazet
had
three
sons
alive
,
Achmet
,
Corchut
,
and
Selymus
,
besides
divers
grandchildren
.
Achmet
was
beloved
of
his
Father
,
but
the
Bassais
and
Ianizaries
inclined
in
their
affections
most
to
Selymus
,
by
their
incitation
and
assistance
of
the
Praecepit
Tartar
,
(
whose
daughter
Selymus
had
already
maried
against
his
Father
Bajazets
will
)
Selymus
takes
Arms
most
unnaturally
against
his
Father
,
but
was
defeated
,
and
by
the
Bassais
intercession
,
reconciled
again
to
him
:
yet
afterward
in
spight
of
his
Father
,
he
was
proclaimed
Emperour
by
the
soldiers
,
who
swore
Allegiance
to
him
:
He
began
his
Government
from
Paricide
;
for
having
thrust
his
Father
out
of
his
Empire
,
poisoned
him
by
one
Haman
a
Iew
,
the
66
year
of
his
life
,
and
of
his
reign
32.
he
was
a
better
Selymus
began
his
Reign
,
not
only
from
the
murther
of
his
Father
,
but
of
his
two
Brothers
also
,
and
their
children
.
He
strangled
Achmet
and
Corchut
,
his
two
Brothers
,
having
first
overthrown
Achmet
in
a
battel
,
and
treacherously
seized
upon
Corchut
,
thinking
no
hurt
,
but
following
his
privat
study
;
onely
when
he
heard
that
his
life
was
sought
after
,
he
endeavoured
to
escape
into
Rhodes
.
Mustuphus
Bassa
,
by
whose
help
Selymus
had
got
the
Empire
,
was
for
this
his
good
service
,
first
strangled
,
and
then
flung
to
the
dogs
;
his
crime
was
,
that
his
affections
seemed
to
incline
more
to
Achmet
,
then
to
himself
.
Achmets
two
sons
,
Amurath
and
Aladin
,
both
fled
;
Amurath
to
Ismael
the
Sophi
,
and
Aladin
to
Campso
Caurius
the
Egyptian
Sultan
;
whence
arose
new
Wars
,
which
kept
Selymus
off
from
invading
Christendom
.
Amurath
with
a
Persian
Army
,
breaks
in
upon
Cappadocia
;
Ismael
coming
softly
after
,
and
was
like
to
have
caried
all
this
Country
,
the
people
came
in
so
fast
to
him
,
had
not
Chendemus
Bassa
,
Governour
of
Asia
,
suppressed
them
with
a
great
power
.
Whereupon
Selymus
passeth
over
into
Asia
,
where
he
fell
upon
the
united
Forces
of
Amurath
,
the
Turk
,
and
Ustaogle
the
Persian
Commanders
,
with
whom
also
Ismael
joins
his
Army
.
When
he
heard
that
Selymus
was
come
,
a
bloudy
battel
is
fought
,
in
which
Ismael
was
shot
in
the
shoulders
,
and
so
was
forced
to
withdraw
himself
out
of
the
Army
,
whom
the
soldiers
followed
;
by
which
the
Turk
obtained
the
Victory
,
but
to
the
loss
of
thirty
thousand
of
his
men
,
whereof
many
of
them
were
of
Egyptian
Sultan
at
Alepo
,
on
Ismael
the
Sephi
by
Armenia
the
less
,
on
the
Turks
by
Orpha
,
or
Edessa
,
famous
for
its
Springs
against
Leprosies
,
and
for
the
Tombe
of
Balowin
,
Godsry
of
Bullions
Brother
.
First
,
then
Selymus
takes
the
Town
Cyammassus
,
the
Key
of
Armenia
,
on
the
farther
Bank
of
Euphrates
.
After
that
,
he
subdues
the
Garisons
that
kept
the
narrow
passages
between
the
Hils
,
then
he
fights
Aladolus
,
who
being
affrighted
with
the
multitude
of
Musqueteers
,
flies
with
his
Forces
into
the
next
Woods
.
Aladolus
was
betrayed
by
his
neighbours
,
and
a
kinsman
of
his
to
Selymus
,
who
caused
him
to
bee
drawn
out
of
the
Cave
where
he
hid
himself
,
and
his
head
to
be
chopped
off
,
which
he
caried
about
upon
a
long
Pole
,
through
Asia
,
in
ostentation
of
his
Victory
;
then
transmits
it
to
the
Senate
of
Venice
.
Aladolus
his
eldest
son
escaped
to
Egypt
.
Selymus
divided
his
Kingdom
into
three
Lieutenantships
.
Then
he
returns
into
Europe
,
to
defend
the
borders
of
his
Dominions
from
the
Hungarians
,
whom
he
quickly
suppressed
,
in
two
incursions
he
made
upon
them
.
The
same
of
his
Victories
,
and
preparations
he
was
making
for
subduing
of
Christendom
,
caused
Maximilian
,
Cesar
,
Laudislaus
of
Hungary
,
and
Sigismund
of
Polonia
,
to
call
a
Diet
for
raising
an
Army
through
all
their
Dominions
for
the
defence
of
Christianity
.
But
the
Turk
understanding
,
that
the
Christians
meant
only
to
stand
upon
their
own
defence
,
and
not
to
invade
,
returns
to
his
Army
in
Lycaonia
,
with
a
resolution
to
prosecute
the
Persian
Wars
,
and
utterly
to
overthrow
Ismael
.
The
Egyptian
Sultan
being
sollicited
by
the
daily
prayers
and
tears
of
the
exiled
Princes
,
chiefly
of
Aladin
,
the
son
of
Achomat
,
and
Aladols
eldest
son
,
had
raised
a
great
Army
of
Egyptians
and
Iews
,
and
was
now
on
his
March
neer
the
River
Orontes
,
ready
to
join
with
the
Persian
.
The
Turk
sends
Embassadors
to
desire
either
his
amity
,
or
at
least
neutrality
.
At
this
time
Campson
Gaurus
was
Sultan
by
the
Votes
of
the
Mamalucks
,
after
divers
tumults
and
slaughters
raised
by
Caithbei
and
his
Arabian
wife
Dultiba
,
who
would
have
had
the
Kingdom
confirmed
on
their
son
,
against
the
Mamaluc
Laws
,
which
made
the
Sultans
Elective
,
not
Hereditary
;
this
Law
Caithbei
abrogated
,
after
whose
death
his
son
Mahumet
invaded
the
Kingdom
,
whilest
two
prime
men
Achbardin
and
Campso
,
disputed
for
it
.
The
Mamalucs
being
offended
that
their
Law
and
Priviledge
was
thus
infringed
,
caused
Mahumet
at
a
Feast
to
be
murthered
.
Upon
this
divers
slaughters
of
the
prime
men
ensued
.
At
last
the
Mamalucs
conferred
the
dignity
on
Campson
Gaurius
,
a
man
of
great
worth
:
He
remembring
the
Victory
he
had
over
the
Turks
at
Tarsus
,
answers
threatningly
to
the
Turks
request
,
that
he
would
not
lay
down
Arms
,
except
Selymus
would
restore
the
son
of
Aladolus
,
to
his
Kingdom
,
and
forbear
to
meddle
with
any
of
Ismaels
Provinces
;
he
also
desires
to
be
Arbitrator
of
the
differences
between
him
and
the
Sophi
;
this
so
exasperated
Selymus
that
he
diverts
his
War
from
Persia
,
and
falls
unexpectedly
upon
Comagena
,
an
Egyptian
Province
,
and
incamps
himself
not
farre
from
Alepo
.
Campson
brings
his
Army
from
Damascus
,
and
encounters
with
the
Turks
;
but
Cajerbeius
Governour
of
Alepo
and
Comagena
,
not
only
persidiously
forsook
,
but
also
pursued
Campson
,
so
that
the
Mamalucs
were
defeated
,
and
Campson
himself
being
heavy
with
arms
,
and
troubled
with
a
rupture
in
his
belly
,
fell
with
his
horse
,
and
was
troad
to
death
in
the
dust
.
Of
the
Turks
3000
were
killed
,
of
the
Mamalucks
1000
,
among
which
were
the
Governors
of
Damascus
and
Tripoli
,
but
a
great
slaughter
was
committed
in
the
flight
,
whilst
the
Peeres
and
Gentry
were
posting
towards
Hierapolis
,
finding
Tripoly
,
Berytus
,
Sydon
,
Ptolemais
,
and
other
places
did
submit
to
Selymus
.
Selymus
having
obtained
Syria
so
suddenly
,
resolves
to
pursue
the
remainders
of
the
Mamalucks
,
who
having
escaped
to
Memphis
,
had
made
Tomumbejus
the
Circassian
Sultan
there
in
the
place
of
Campson
.
The
Arcadian
high-way
robbers
are
suppressed
by
Sinan
Bassai
,
who
opens
a
way
to
Gaza
.
Tomumbejus
had
sent
Gazellus
thither
with
an
army
,
who
were
defeated
by
Selymus
,
all
the
Egyptian
Colours
were
taken
,
the
Governor
of
Alexandria
,
the
Praetor
of
Memphis
,
one
thousand
horse
,
and
great
numbers
of
Arabians
were
slain
,
Sinan
Bassai
lost
2000
horse
,
.
and
many
prime
men
.
But
the
Arabians
recruiting
fell
upon
the
Turks
at
Gaza
,
and
killed
many
of
them
,
till
Selymus
brought
his
whole
army
into
Iudea
,
where
he
joynes
with
Sinan
Bassai
,
and
takes
Gaza
upon
surrender
:
Then
he
marcheth
within
six
miles
of
Memphis
,
where
he
is
encountred
by
Tomumbejus
,
whose
Counsels
were
betrayed
to
the
Turk
by
some
Fugitives
;
so
that
Selymus
got
the
victorie
,
most
of
the
Egyptian
prime
men
being
lost
:
The
choicest
of
their
horse
affrighted
with
the
Turkish
Canons
,
fled
and
got
into
the
City
,
the
streets
whereof
they
Barracadoed
with
great
pieces
of
timber
;
but
this
could
not
keep
out
Selymus
,
who
breaks
through
all
impediments
,
and
in
three
days
fight
destroys
in
a
manner
the
whole
race
of
Mamalucks
:
Some
that
had
escaped
into
a
Church
and
submitted
themselves
to
the
Turks
mercy
,
were
all
by
his
command
cut
off
.
Tomumbejus
beyond
Nilus
recruited
his
Forces
,
another
battel
is
fought
,
and
in
it
the
Egyptians
quite
defeated
,
Tomumbejus
was
found
lurking
among
reeds
up
to
the
middle
in
water
,
after
the
Turk
had
a
long
time
tortured
him
,
to
make
him
confess
where
his
treasures
lay
;
he
set
him
on
a
poor
Jade
which
carried
him
about
the
City
;
then
he
causeth
him
to
be
strangled
,
and
hanged
up
on
an
iron
hook
in
one
of
the
Gates
,
for
a
spectacle
to
all
passengers
,
of
the
one's
Victory
,
and
the
other's
miserie
:
And
Egypt
and
Syria
being
subdued
,
Caierbejus
for
a
reward
of
his
Treacherie
at
Alepo
,
is
made
Governour
of
Egypt
;
and
Gazelles
,
who
upon
the
overthrow
of
the
Mamalucks
,
submitted
to
the
Turk
,
is
set
over
Syria
:
Out
of
Memphis
or
Alcair
,
above
500
of
the
chiefe
Families
,
besides
multitudes
of
Women
and
Children
of
the
Mamalucks
Progente
,
and
all
that
could
be
found
of
that
race
,
are
at
Alexandria
cut
in
peeces
by
Selymus
his
Command
.
Then
he
returnes
in
Triumph
to
Byzantium
and
threatens
Christendom
;
But
in
his
preparation
for
Warre
,
he
is
arrested
by
a
Cankering
Ulcer
in
his
Kidneys
,
which
spreading
,
putrified
his
whole
body
,
so
that
he
died
miserably
in
that
same
place
of
Thracia
,
where
he
endevoured
to
intrap
his
Father
Bajazet
.
He
lived
forty
six
years
,
and
reigned
eight
.
As
he
was
breathing
out
his
cruel
soul
,
he
commended
his
son
Solyman
to
the
care
Pyrrhus
Bassa
,
of
Cilicia
,
injoyning
him
to
forbear
the
Persians
,
and
to
make
war
upon
the
Christians
.
He
was
a
most
barbarous
Tyrant
,
who
spared
neither
Father
,
Brothers
,
nor
any
of
his
kindred
,
nor
his
chief
Commanders
,
that
did
him
best
service
;
nor
his
own
son
,
whom
he
would
have
murthered
with
a
poisoned
Coat
,
which
the
mother
suspecting
,
gave
it
not
to
Solyman
,
but
to
one
of
his
Chamber
,
who
by
it
was
quickly
killed
.
CHAP.
XXI
.
The
Turkish
History
under
Solyman
,
Selymus
,
Amurath
3d
,
Mahumet
3d
,
Achmat
,
Mustapha
,
Osman
and
Amurath
4th
,
from
the
year
1520
,
till
the
end
of
1636.
SOlyman
the
only
son
of
Selymus
,
succeeded
Gazelles
,
Governour
Fardtes
Bassai
,
with
an
Army
into
Syria
,
which
so
affrighted
Gazelles
,
that
though
he
had
taken
Tripoli
,
and
other
Garisons
from
the
Turk
,
yet
he
betakes
himself
into
Damascus
;
hither
Farates
repairs
,
with
all
speed
.
Gazelles
resolves
to
hazard
all
in
one
battel
,
and
either
to
get
the
victory
,
or
else
to
die
honourably
:
both
Armies
joyned
;
in
this
conflict
,
both
he
and
his
Mamalucs
were
cut
off
by
this
victory
;
Syria
is
recovered
,
and
the
fidelity
of
Cairbeius
is
confirmed
.
The
next
year
after
this
victory
,
by
the
perswasion
of
the
Ianizarles
,
Solyman
resolves
to
fall
upon
Belgrad
in
Hungary
,
where
were
set
up
many
Trophies
taken
from
the
Turks
;
Solyman
sends
an
Army
to
Sophia
,
a
City
in
Servia
,
and
he
hasteneth
after
,
so
that
he
was
come
before
the
Hungarians
knew
any
thing
.
Eudovick
the
young
King
,
was
totally
ruled
by
others
,
so
that
he
was
in
effect
but
a
titular
King
:
Hence
an
Army
could
not
be
suddenly
raised
;
whereupon
Solyman
took
Belgrad
without
opposition
;
who
after
this
victory
rested
a
year
,
then
he
resolves
to
try
his
fortune
upon
Rhodes
,
though
he
was
disswaded
by
his
friends
who
were
not
unmindful
of
the
losse
,
disgrace
,
and
repulse
Mahumet
received
there
,
besides
the
danger
that
might
ensue
to
the
Sultans
own
person
by
the
Christian
Fleet.
Notwithstanding
Solyman
would
in
this
be
ruled
by
none
,
but
by
his
own
Genius
▪
therefore
about
the
end
of
Iune
,
he
repairs
thither
with
400
ships
,
and
200000
Turks
,
with
great
Rore
of
Egypt
Cajerbeius
did
,
to
whom
succeeded
Acomath
Bassa
,
who
thought
to
have
made
himself
Sultan
,
but
his
plot
was
detected
,
and
he
justly
punished
with
death
.
Habraim
Bassa
,
Solymans
Favorite
,
is
sent
to
quiet
Egypt
,
which
he
did
with
great
wisdom
;
wherefore
he
was
shortly
after
called
home
to
Constantinople
,
by
Solyman
,
and
honoured
with
the
Title
of
Beglerbeg
,
or
Lord
of
Lords
.
After
this
,
Solyman
proclaims
war
against
Hungary
:
King
Ludowic
raises
an
Army
of
twenty
four
thousand
Horse
and
Foot
,
of
raw
and
unskilfull
men
;
Paul
Tomor
,
Arch-Bishop
of
Collocen
,
who
had
heretofore
in
some
light
Skirmishes
,
beat
the
Turk
,
but
never
encountred
him
before
in
any
set
Battel
.
In
the
end
,
this
unfortunate
King
,
as
we
have
said
already
,
was
drowned
in
a
Bog
,
not
being
able
by
reason
of
his
heavy
Arms
,
to
get
out
from
under
his
Horse
;
the
thousand
Horse
,
his
Life-guard
in
defending
the
Waggons
and
Baggage
,
were
cut
off
,
the
Arch-Bishop
,
with
the
other
Bishops
slain
,
and
the
whole
Army
utterly
defeated
,
so
that
few
escaped
with
their
lives
,
notwithstanding
that
the
Turkish
Ordnance
did
no
hurt
;
for
the
Gunners
being
Christians
,
shot
purposely
over
their
heads
.
The
Battel
being
fought
,
Solyman
marcheth
to
Buda
,
where
the
Castle
was
surrendred
to
him
,
the
Garison
dismissed
with
life
and
goods
.
Two
brazen
Statues
set
up
by
Matthias
,
were
caried
thence
to
Constantinople
as
a
Trophy
of
Solymans
Victory
,
who
stayed
not
long
after
in
Hungary
,
because
of
the
Winter
,
but
returned
home
;
nor
African
Syrtes
,
the
Castle
whereof
was
defended
by
the
Duke
of
Medina
,
Viceroy
of
Sicily
.
Pialis
Bassa
,
defeated
the
Spanish
Fleet
,
that
besieged
Tripoli
,
and
forced
the
Castle
to
surrender
,
for
want
of
water
and
victuals
;
about
18
thousand
Christians
were
slain
and
caried
away
prisoners
to
Constantinople
,
where
at
that
time
Busbequius
Ferdinands
Embassador
was
Resident
and
relieved
many
of
them
with
necessaries
.
But
as
Solyman
was
happy
in
his
Victories
abroad
,
so
he
was
unfortunate
in
his
affairs
at
home
;
for
he
committed
Paricide
upon
the
false
accusation
of
Rossa
or
Roxelana
,
his
beloved
wife
,
who
hated
Mustapha
Solymans
son
by
another
venture
;
this
Mustapha
had
done
excellent
service
for
his
Father
against
the
Persian
,
and
was
generally
well
beloved
for
his
excellent
parts
,
especially
by
the
Ianizaries
,
wherefore
he
was
accused
for
affecting
the
Empire
,
which
his
Father
was
too
apt
to
believe
,
therefore
marcheth
towards
him
with
an
Army
:
sends
for
Mustapha
into
his
Pavilion
,
who
trusting
to
his
own
innocency
,
came
boldly
.
Solyman
gave
order
to
some
Mutes
that
were
strong
men
,
but
dumb
,
to
fall
upon
him
,
and
strangle
him
,
which
they
did
at
last
not
without
much
strugling
;
for
Mustapha
being
young
and
strong
,
made
resistance
a
long
time
;
the
cruel
Father
,
Authour
and
Spectator
of
the
execution
,
caused
his
body
to
be
laid
before
the
Pavilion
,
for
the
Ianizaries
to
behold
,
that
they
might
see
in
what
condition
he
was
now
,
whom
they
meant
to
make
Emperor
.
At
which
sight
they
were
much
struck
with
terror
and
sorrow
,
but
knew
no
way
to
help
it
.
Solyman
also
was
much
afflicted
by
his
other
son
,
which
he
had
of
Roxolana
,
his
name
was
Bajazet
,
he
partly
hated
,
partly
feared
his
elder
brother
Selymus
,
who
was
to
succeed
in
the
Empire
:
These
two
brothers
had
the
command
of
two
Provinces
,
which
lay
neer
together
;
this
neighbourhood
gave
occasion
of
quarrels
,
which
coming
to
Solymans
ears
,
with
complaints
of
some
who
hated
Bajazet
,
that
he
intended
to
invade
the
Empire
,
to
destroy
his
brother
Selymus
,
that
he
might
not
be
destroyed
by
him
,
when
hee
should
come
to
reign
,
and
that
he
meant
also
to
depose
his
old
Father
.
Presently
command
is
given
by
Solyman
,
that
the
two
brothers
should
be
removed
from
their
Provinces
,
and
two
other
assigned
them
,
that
might
be
of
a
greater
distance
.
Selymus
in
obedience
to
his
Father
,
accepted
of
his
new
Province
,
which
Bajazet
refused
to
do
,
and
withal
set
up
a
false
Mustapha
against
his
Father
,
whereby
he
incurred
his
Fathers
displeasure
,
and
danger
of
strangling
;
but
by
the
inreaty
of
Roxellana
,
he
was
reconciled
to
his
son
,
who
sending
for
him
,
checkt
him
severely
for
his
insolency
,
both
against
him
and
his
brother
,
wishing
him
not
to
use
any
sinistrous
means
to
obtain
the
Empire
;
which
if
God
had
appointed
for
him
,
it
should
be
his
in
spight
of
all
the
world
;
but
if
God
had
otherwise
determined
,
all
his
labour
in
attaining
to
it
,
would
be
in
vain
:
with
this
Stoical
Doctrine
,
did
he
work
upon
his
son
a
while
;
then
after
he
had
acknowledged
his
fault
,
and
begged
pardon
,
a
cup
of
liquour
was
presented
to
him
which
he
was
fearful
to
drink
,
thinking
it
had
been
poison
;
yet
perceiving
his
mother
looked
cheerfully
on
him
,
did
drink
thereof
,
and
his
Father
pledged
him
in
the
same
cup.
But
afterward
this
Bajazet
flew
out
again
in
rebellion
,
and
was
forced
to
flie
into
Persia
for
shelter
,
where
he
was
apprehended
and
imprisoned
;
and
at
last
upon
the
Turks
intreaty
,
the
Persian
having
received
satisfaction
for
the
hurt
he
had
sustained
by
Bajazet
,
with
a
rich
present
from
Solyman
,
delivers
him
up
to
Halsan
,
the
Turks
Agent
,
who
caried
him
thence
away
by
a
Turkish
Garison
,
and
strangled
him
.
The
same
fate
of
the
Father
fell
upon
his
four
sons
also
,
who
were
all
slain
.
This
Solyman
also
having
had
good
success
against
Rhodes
,
attempts
Malta
with
a
Fleet
of
205
Sail
;
but
Iohn
Valet
the
great
Master
,
so
stoutly
with
his
forces
defended
it
,
by
the
assistance
of
Garcas
the
Spanish
Admiral
,
that
the
Turks
after
six
months
siege
,
and
the
loss
of
twenty
three
thousand
men
,
were
forced
with
shame
to
depart
,
who
wrackt
their
anger
upon
the
Isle
Chios
,
which
had
been
in
he
possession
of
Genua
,
above
200
years
;
now
it
is
brought
under
the
Turkish
yoke
by
Pialis
Bassa
.
And
though
Solymans
body
grew
weak
by
age
,
being
now
almost
fourscore
,
yet
his
ambitious
thoughts
were
not
at
all
weakned
,
but
even
then
being
solicited
by
the
Transylvanian
,
besiegeth
Sigethum
,
a
city
in
Hungary
,
with
200
thousand
men
,
but
in
the
midst
of
his
vain
hopes
,
death
cuts
him
off
,
having
reigned
47
years
,
he
was
a
Prince
temperate
in
his
diet
,
comely
in
personage
,
carefull
of
his
word
,
and
generous
in
his
actions
:
his
death
was
concealed
by
Mahumet
Bassai
from
the
Soldiers
,
least
they
should
be
thereby
disheartned
.
About
this
time
the
Tartars
beaking
in
upon
Hungary
,
kept
Lazarus
Suendius
from
relieving
the
besieged
Towne
which
at
last
was
taken
,
but
not
without
the
loss
of
30000
Turks
in
a
sally
made
by
Nicholas
Serinius
,
who
in
that
action
was
cut
off
with
his
Garrison
.
To
Solyman
succeeded
his
son
Selymus
2d
,
he
also
sends
aid
to
the
Transylvanian
against
Hungary
;
mean
while
Suendius
takes
divers
Townes
from
the
Tartar
,
whom
he
beats
quite
out
of
Panonia
,
then
takes
some
Townes
from
the
Turk
,
and
enlargeth
the
Territories
of
Caesar
Maximilian
,
with
whom
Selymus
makes
a
peace
for
8
years
;
about
which
time
Cyprus
submits
to
the
Turkish
yoke
:
For
Selymus
pretended
that
this
Isle
was
a
member
of
the
Kingdome
of
Egypt
,
whereof
now
he
was
supreme
Lord
;
and
that
the
Venetians
in
that
regard
paid
a
yearly
tribute
into
his
Exchequer
;
but
now
having
falsified
their
faith
to
the
Turks
,
they
were
bound
to
make
restitution
.
The
Venetians
though
much
troubled
at
the
burning
of
their
Arsenal
lately
,
yet
resolve
not
to
loose
that
noble
Island
which
had
now
been
one
hundred
years
in
their
possession
;
therefore
they
enter
into
league
with
Pope
Plus
5th
and
the
King
of
Spain
,
who
rigg
out
a
strong
Fleet
into
the
sea
;
but
the
ambition
and
quarrels
of
the
Commanders
staying
at
Crete
,
lost
all
opportunity
of
doing
good
;
for
in
this
interim
Cyprus
is
wasted
by
Mustapha
and
Plalis
the
Turkish
Generals
:
Then
the
City
Nicosia
,
after
a
months
siege
is
taken
.
Famagusta
,
called
Antoninus
Bragadimus
his
ears
and
nose
to
be
cut
off
,
his
body
to
be
flead
alive
,
and
his
skin
to
be
stuft
with
straw
,
and
hanged
at
the
main
yard
of
his
Galley
:
Of
the
Venetians
that
were
bound
for
Crete
,
he
made
Gally-slaves
,
the
chief
prisoners
and
spoiles
are
sent
to
Selimus
,
but
a
Cyprian
Lady
appointed
for
the
Sultans
lust
,
set
fire
by
some
barrels
of
gunpowder
on
the
two
ships
,
that
neither
she
,
nor
the
other
prisoners
,
nor
spoiles
,
were
ever
seen
or
enjoyed
by
Selimus
.
This
Island
the
Turks
bought
at
a
dear
rate
,
for
they
lost
about
60000
men
in
this
War
besides
what
they
lost
the
year
after
,
in
the
battel
of
Lepanto
,
at
the
Islands
called
Echinadae
,
fought
by
the
Christian
Fleet
,
under
the
command
of
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
,
Charls
the
5
th
'
s
bastard
.
Sebastian
Venerus
,
afterward
Duke
of
Venice
,
and
M.
Antonius
Columna
,
25
thousand
Turks
were
then
slain
,
and
4000
taken
;
14
thousand
Christian
slaves
were
released
,
the
whole
Turkish
Fleet
of
250
Saile
,
was
either
torne
or
taken
;
onely
Uluzal
with
30
Gallies
escaped
.
And
Constantinople
,
Selymus
died
,
having
reigned
8
years
;
a
little
before
his
death
he
took
Moldavia
by
treason
,
killed
the
Vayvod
and
annexeth
it
to
Walachia
.
To
Selymus
succeeded
his
son
Amurath
3d
d
who
began
his
reigne
with
the
parricide
of
his
5
brothers
,
whom
he
caused
to
be
murthered
in
his
own
presence
:
He
intends
to
make
War
upon
the
Persians
;
over
whom
reigned
Ismael
the
son
of
Techmases
,
who
also
slew
his
brothers
:
He
for
his
crueltie
is
poysoned
by
his
own
sister
,
and
so
Maumet
Hodabandes
obtained
his
fathers
Kingdome
.
Against
him
Amurath
was
incensed
,
because
he
fomented
and
maintained
the
Assyrians
against
the
Turks
;
Besides
,
Amurath
had
some
Dreams
animating
him
to
raise
arms
against
the
Persians
as
Hereticks
.
The
Tartars
and
Georgians
,
or
Iberian
Christians
took
part
with
the
Parthian
against
the
Turk
.
These
Iberians
aided
by
the
Colchs
,
Armenians
and
Medes
had
divers
and
doubtfull
incounters
with
Mustapha
that
cruel
Turkish
Generall
:
The
first
year
of
this
War
70
thousand
Turks
lost
their
lives
by
the
sword
,
famin
,
and
water
,
besides
the
Europaean
Tartars
,
the
Turks
Auxiliaries
were
all
cut
off
;
wherefore
Mustapha
is
removed
from
his
Generalship
,
and
Sinan
Bassai
is
made
chief
Visier
or
Counceller
,
whose
success
in
this
War
was
no
better
then
Mustapha's
,
who
fearing
publick
punishment
,
put
violent
hands
on
himself
,
his
estate
by
this
,
fell
to
the
Sultan
.
Sinan
Bassai
also
for
his
bad
success
is
put
out
of
his
place
and
banished
;
neither
was
the
luck
of
his
successor
Ferates
much
better
.
About
this
time
also
the
Praecopit
Tartars
,
who
inhabit
Taurica
,
Chersonesus
,
of
the
Turks
confederates
are
made
their
slaves
,
which
is
the
effect
commonly
of
the
Turks
friendship
.
For
because
Mahumet
the
Tartar
,
would
not
upon
Amurath's
perswasion
assist
Prince
Osman
in
his
Wars
,
but
went
home
pretending
to
suppress
the
Cossacks
,
wasting
and
robbing
by
the
Euxin
sea
,
therefore
by
Osman
Bassai
,
and
Islan
the
Tartars
brother
,
now
let
out
of
prison
,
he
deprives
Mahumet
both
of
his
life
and
Kingdome
,
and
caused
both
his
sons
to
be
strangled
with
their
father
;
So
Islan
is
made
Fiduciary
King
of
these
Tartars
.
But
this
Mahumet
had
one
son
who
escaped
,
he
raised
an
Army
and
recovered
from
Islan
a
good
part
of
his
fathers
Kingdome
:
Amurath
in
the
interim
sends
Osman
against
the
Parthians
,
who
in
his
journey
had
many
disastures
,
at
last
he
escaped
into
Taurisium
,
which
he
fenced
,
and
5
days
after
died
of
a
Disenterie
,
whilst
in
the
mean
while
Amurath
being
taken
with
a
fit
of
the
falling
Sickness
,
to
which
he
was
subject
,
had
almost
brained
himself
by
the
beating
his
head
against
the
stones
.
In
Carneola
,
Amurath
is
beaten
by
the
Christians
,
therefore
is
forced
to
renew
the
peace
with
Caesar.
The
Turks
also
in
a
battel
with
the
Parthians
which
lasted
3
days
and
3
nights
,
lost
about
80
thousand
men
,
and
Taurisium
,
one
of
the
Parthian
Regall
Seats
is
recovered
again
by
them
:
After
this
Victory
,
the
Parthian
King
betakes
himself
to
a
privat
life
,
and
shortly
after
died
.
Ibrahim
the
Aegyptian
Bassai
,
subdues
the
Maronits
of
Libanus
,
and
the
Trusi
of
the
Christian
profession
,
who
were
never
till
now
brought
under
the
Turks
yoke
;
but
the
Panonian
Turks
,
whilst
they
break
Matthias
,
Tiefeubachius
and
other
Christian
Commanders
in
Hungary
make
War
against
the
truce
breaking
Turks
under
Serinius
and
Sinan
,
Amurath
weakned
with
leachery
and
fits
of
the
stone
,
was
conveyed
by
death
to
Mahumets
Paradise
,
there
to
satiate
himself
with
all
kinde
of
carnall
pleasures
;
he
reigned
21
years
,
in
his
time
the
Turks
break
the
league
twice
with
the
Hungarians
,
for
which
the
Bassai
of
Buda
is
strangled
,
and
Sinan
his
successor
displaced
.
Poland
also
was
by
them
invaded
,
with
whom
a
peace
is
concluded
.
In
a
mutiny
among
the
Janisaries
at
Constantinople
15
thousand
houses
are
burned
:
Rascia
,
Valachia
and
Moldavia
fall
off
from
the
Turk
.
To
Amurath
3d
d
succeeded
his
son
Mahumet
3d
,
who
was
circumcised
by
his
father
:
He
initiated
his
reigne
with
the
murther
of
18
of
his
brothers
whom
he
strangled
.
The
Valachians
who
had
revolted
,
fought
succesfully
against
the
Turks
,
Strigon
and
Vicegrade
are
taken
by
the
Christians
:
Feratus
was
strangled
for
his
wealth
,
and
bad
success
together
.
Lippa
is
taken
by
the
Transylvanian
:
Sinan
in
a
sharp
conflict
is
beaten
,
and
loseth
10
thousand
of
his
men
;
at
last
after
many
disastures
he
is
driven
beyond
the
river
Agrius
,
where
he
died
with
age
and
grief
:
Upon
whose
death
,
Mahumet
the
Sultan
marcheth
toward
Hungary
with
a
great
army
,
where
he
takes
Agria
,
and
defeats
Maximilian
at
Cassovia
,
this
great
victory
was
obtained
200
years
after
that
other
at
Nicopolis
:
After
this
he
returns
triumphing
to
Constantinople
;
this
victory
cost
him
50
thousand
Turks
.
Maximilian
lost
20000
with
120
pieces
of
Ordnance
and
all
the
baggage
.
Omat
Bassai
with
60
thousand
Turks
besiegeth
Varadin
,
from
whence
he
is
beat
off
by
the
Christians
with
loss
;
Mahumet
being
informed
that
his
Sultanesse
did
enquire
of
some
Sooth-sayers
what
should
be
her
sons
fate
,
first
caused
his
son
to
be
strangled
in
her
presence
,
and
then
commanded
French
,
English
,
and
Venice
Ambassadors
,
upon
a
sedition
of
the
Janizaries
.
To
Mahumet
succeeded
his
son
Achmet
being
yet
under
age
.
Upon
intestin
Wars
between
the
Hungarian
and
Transylvanian
,
raised
by
George
Basta
;
Pestum
is
regained
by
the
Turks
,
and
so
is
Strigonium
which
had
been
10
years
in
the
possession
of
Rodulphus
.
Achmet
made
20
years
peace
with
Caesar
:
Matthias
having
obtained
Hungary
,
confirmed
the
peace
.
20000
Turks
are
overthrown
by
the
Persians
at
Babylon
;
they
have
divers
encounters
,
and
various
success
in
the
Mediterranean
sea
with
the
Florentins
and
Maltesses
;
Batorius
being
accused
before
the
Sultan
,
that
he
held
correspondence
with
Caesar
,
and
purposed
to
deliver
up
Datia
to
him
;
therefore
Andrew
Gretzius
,
then
Bethleem
Gabor
as
Fiduciarie
Prince
of
Dacia
;
then
he
makes
a
truce
for
a
time
with
the
Parthian
He
also
renewes
the
20
years
peace
with
Caesar
,
that
he
might
be
without
disturbance
,
revenged
on
the
Cossacks
,
who
having
wasted
the
chief
Cities
of
Muscovia
,
and
many
places
in
Tartary
,
they
burned
24
Turkish
Gallies
in
the
Black
sea
:
And
being
threatned
by
the
Sultan
,
grew
more
insolent
;
so
that
they
over-run
Thracia
,
plundring
all
,
even
almost
to
the
Walls
of
Byzantium
;
they
waste
also
Bithynia
and
Paphlagonia
,
and
destroy
Trapezund
,
with
it's
Harbour
,
Gallies
and
Arsenall
;
they
burn
Sinope
of
Pontus
,
and
so
laden
with
rich
bootie
,
return
to
Sarmatia
or
Poland
.
Achmet
sends
to
the
King
of
Poland
to
have
restitution
for
these
losses
,
whose
answer
was
that
he
was
ignorant
of
those
passages
:
But
that
the
Turk
could
not
revenge
himself
upon
the
Polander
,
was
,
by
reason
of
the
Persian
,
who
prevailed
mightily
in
Asia
,
for
by
the
revolt
of
a
Turkish
Bassai
,
he
did
waste
with
fire
and
sword
the
Sultan's
Territories
far
and
near
;
and
had
almost
driven
the
Georgian
King
out
of
his
Dominion
,
for
adhering
to
the
Sultan
.
In
the
sixteenth
year
of
this
last
century
,
the
Turks
had
many
disasters
both
by
sea
and
land
;
for
in
the
Mediterranian
they
were
beaten
by
the
Spaniards
,
Florentins
,
and
Maltesses
in
Moeotis
by
the
Cossacks
,
in
Asia
by
the
Persians
,
where
they
lost
40000
by
the
plague
and
the
sword
:
But
being
assisted
by
the
Tartars
,
they
invade
Podolia
,
and
drove
thence
great
booties
.
After
Spain
:
7
Turkish
Gallies
taken
by
the
Viceroy
of
Sicily
.
The
Bassai
of
Siden
for
favouring
the
Florentin
,
is
pursued
by
Achmet
,
whereupon
he
flyeth
to
Florence
with
14●…00
weight
of
gold
.
Nassuff
Bassai
is
executed
for
holding
intelligence
with
the
Persian
.
Iacaia
,
the
supposed
son
of
Mahumet
3d
,
joyned
with
the
Asiatick
rebels
,
hoping
thereby
to
recover
his
right
:
Achmet
besides
his
Circasian
Sultanesse
,
maintained
400
Concubins
,
he
died
the
30
year
of
his
age
.
Achmet
dying
,
resignes
the
Government
to
his
brother
Mustapha
,
who
had
been
shut
up
in
a
Cell
to
follow
his
devotions
;
so
being
preferred
to
his
brother
Achmets
sons
performes
his
Funerall
Ceremonies
,
but
he
was
envied
The
Turks
to
be
revenged
on
the
Cossacks
,
break
in
upon
Podolia
,
where
they
defeat
the
Governor
of
that
Countrey
with
three
thousand
men
.
In
Vayvod
Gratian
,
had
conspired
with
the
Polander
against
the
Turks
,
therefore
Osman
endeavoured
to
destroy
him
;
for
this
cause
he
sends
Campagius
as
his
Lieutenant
.
Two
battels
are
fought
,
in
the
first
the
Polonian
prevailed
,
and
Campagius
is
killed
;
In
the
second
the
Turks
have
the
better
,
and
Gratian
with
his
Auxiliaries
cut
off
:
Hereupon
Osman
turns
the
Poland
Ambassador
out
of
his
Court
,
and
denounceth
open
war
against
him
,
who
at
the
same
time
was
like
to
be
murthered
by
a
Villain
.
In
Moldavia
a
battell
is
fought
,
wherein
the
Turks
defeat
the
Polander
:
But
the
next
March
Amurath
4.
Osmans
brother
being
16
years
of
age
;
so
in
the
space
of
16
months
,
Turkie
saw
three
Sultans
,
whose
large
bribes
exhausted
the
treasury
:
For
the
Spachi
and
Janizaries
esteem
their
Emperors
according
to
their
bribes
and
donatives
.
The
tumults
of
Turkie
fell
heavie
upon
the
greatest
and
wealthiest
men
,
whose
baggs
were
emptied
and
estates
plundered
.
Arzironius
Bassai
to
punish
the
Janizaries
insolencies
,
in
offering
to
put
their
Lord
to
death
,
raised
a
formidable
army
in
Asia
,
with
which
he
threatned
and
affrighted
the
Royall
City
:
The
Persians
laying
hold
on
this
opportunity
,
brake
in
upon
the
Turkish
dominions
,
seiseth
on
Babylon
,
layeth
siege
to
Edessam
Mesopotamia
.
Arziron
besiegeth
Prusia
and
Augeronia
:
A
great
army
is
sent
against
the
Parthian
,
which
by
him
is
much
weakned
and
shaken
.
The
Tartars
to
be
revenged
on
the
Cossacks
,
for
the
wrongs
done
by
them
to
the
Hungarian
Turks
break
in
upon
Podolia
:
Their
first
expedition
succeeded
wel
;
but
in
the
second
they
were
drawn
into
an
Ambuscado
by
the
Polander
,
who
killed
multitudes
of
them
.
The
Sultan
understanding
that
Sias
Abas
the
Parthian
King
,
and
husband
of
800
Concubins
was
dead
,
resolves
to
make
a
lasting
&
firm
peace
with
the
Parthians
:
therefore
caused
Arzironius
to
submit
,
whom
he
made
Governor
of
Bosnia
then
he
sets
Iambetus
Girain
at
liberty
from
his
prison
at
Rhodes
,
and
having
defeated
his
competitor
,
makes
him
again
King
of
Tartary
.
The
French
Ambassador
who
was
imprisoned
by
Mustapha
upon
the
escape
of
Prince
Coresky
the
Moldavian
out
of
the
Black
Tower
,
was
released
by
Osman
.
About
which
time
the
Turks
take
Manfredonia
in
Sicily
,
and
Vats
in
Hungary
,
notwithstanding
the
peace
;
Prince
Coresky
is
apprehended
and
strangled
in
prison
:
After
two
years
of
durance
,
he
was
a
Lord
of
Poland
,
taken
prisoner
in
the
last
war.
The
Turks
Gallies
return
from
the
Black
Sea
with
170
poor
Cossacks
in
triumph
:
The
great
Defterdar
or
Treasurer
of
Turky
is
strangled
and
flung
out
in
his
shirt
into
the
streets
;
for
being
too
rich
.
The
Sultan
flatters
the
Tarter
to
enter
Poland
,
but
could
not
prevail
:
The
Georgians
defeat
the
Persians
,
and
send
many
of
their
heads
to
the
Port
;
wherefore
presently
a
league
is
made
with
those
Georgians
:
8000
Persians
defeated
by
the
Turks
neare
Mosul
,
or
Ninivie
;
at
the
siege
of
Babylon
were
killed
between
5
and
6000
Turks
:
Newes
also
comes
to
the
Port
from
Babylon
,
that
the
Persians
had
besieged
the
Viziers
camp
Chimacham
George
Mehemet
Bassai
,
whom
the
Sultan
(
who
would
fain
have
protected
him
)
was
forced
to
deliver
up
to
their
fury
,
who
first
strangled
him
,
and
then
cut
off
his
eares
and
nose
,
carrying
them
about
in
Triumph
;
some
other
great
Officers
also
they
execute
in
spite
of
the
grand
Seignior
;
nor
were
they
yet
pacified
,
for
those
Janizaries
who
had
no
hand
in
the
death
of
these
men
,
in
a
tumultuous
way
flock
to
the
Seraglio
petitioning
with
threatnings
that
the
Sultan
would
do
Justice
on
Segman
Bassai
,
Lieutenant
to
their
Aga
,
and
others
who
had
bin
authors
of
the
last
murthers
and
mutinies
,
the
Sultan
is
brought
out
into
his
Court
,
and
placed
in
his
Throne
,
who
at
last
with
good
words
and
wholsome
advice
pacifieth
the
tumult
,
Segman
Bassai's
head
is
cut
off
before
the
Court
doore
,
by
the
Sultan's
command
,
afterward
divers
Spachi
and
Janizaries
,
were
strangled
and
flung
into
the
Sea.
About
this
time
the
Prince
of
Dacid
to
make
his
credit
the
greater
,
procures
the
Sultan
to
write
a
Letter
to
the
King
and
Princes
united
for
the
liberty
of
Germany
,
that
they
would
persevere
in
the
union
,
and
hold
correspondencie
with
Bethleem
Gabor
,
and
the
Visier
or
Governor
of
Buda
.
The
King
of
Great
Britain
also
sends
a
Letter
to
the
Great
Turk
,
concerning
the
Treaty
of
Algier
and
Tunis
,
complaining
also
of
divers
wrongs
done
to
his
Subjects
,
and
requiring
Justice
.
To
which
the
Turk
by
his
Letter
answers
,
that
there
shall
be
nothing
wanting
in
him
towards
the
maintaining
of
peace
and
union
between
themselves
and
their
Merchants
,
that
satisfaction
shall
be
made
for
wrongs
done
,
and
prevention
used
for
the
future
:
Overtures
of
peace
are
made
by
the
Viceroy
of
Naples
in
the
King
of
Spaine's
name
with
the
Great
Turk
,
and
promises
to
set
free
all
Turkish
slaves
,
to
secure
the
Sultan's
Subjects
in
the
Mediterranian
Sea
,
to
serve
Turky
with
East
-
India
Commodities
,
by
the
Red
Sea
,
and
to
procure
the
King
of
Poland
to
restrain
the
Cossacks
,
from
making
excursions
into
the
Black
Sea
;
but
this
negotiation
came
to
nothing
,
being
found
fraudulent
,
and
onely
to
affright
Gabor
,
and
to
divert
the
Turks
Forces
from
aiding
the
enemies
of
the
house
of
Austria
.
At
Babylon
the
Turks
fled
in
the
night
,
burned
their
Tents
,
and
flung
their
Artillery
in
Euphrates
;
the
Persian
pursuing
,
killed
multitudes
of
them
.
Tarta
Han
is
openly
declared
a
rebell
and
enemy
to
the
Turkish
Empire
:
Sir
Thomas
Roe
the
English
Ambassador
at
the
Port
is
called
home
,
after
some
contestations
between
him
and
the
French
Agent
,
about
the
Jesuits
,
which
by
his
procurement
,
and
the
other
Romish
Orders
in
Turky
were
banished
the
Turk's
Dominions
,
except
two
which
the
French
Ambassador
retained
for
his
own
Familie
:
The
Jesuits
order
had
been
25
years
at
Galata
,
they
first
quarrelling
with
Cyrillus
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
for
maintaining
the
Doctrine
of
the
Greek
Church
,
(
which
the
Pope
by
his
Emissaries
out
of
the
Greek
Colledge
in
Rome
,
erected
by
Gregory
,
endeavoured
to
subvert
)
procured
the
deposition
of
Cyril
,
and
the
instalment
of
another
.
Then
Cyril
being
restored
to
his
place
,
they
got
him
to
be
banished
and
imprisoned
,
who
afterward
clearing
himself
,
was
re-established
;
upon
this
the
French
Ambassador
,
got
the
stamp
brought
from
England
,
for
Printing
of
some
Bookes
of
the
Greek
Faith
,
to
be
plundred
:
but
this
being
restored
again
by
the
Vizier
,
upon
complaint
made
by
the
English
,
the
Jesuits
are
seized
on
,
and
sent
away
in
ships
,
with
all
their
books
and
goods
.
The
new
erected
Vizier
Husseruph
Bassa
,
in
the
place
of
Halil
Bassa
,
passeth
Vizier
,
Halis
Achmat
Bassa
,
is
made
:
some
contestation
fell
out
this
year
between
the
English
and
Turks
,
at
Sea
,
which
procured
some
intercourse
of
Letters
,
and
Complements
between
the
Turk
and
King
Charles
of
Great
Britain
;
and
so
the
differences
were
reconciled
.
The
old
Vizier
is
displaced
,
and
a
Cessation
of
the
War
with
Persia
for
two
years
,
is
published
.
Halis
Achmat
Bassa
is
made
Vizier
,
to
the
discontent
of
the
Ianizaries
who
hated
him
,
therefore
one
day
they
knockt
him
down
from
his
Horse
with
stones
;
and
though
the
Sultan
Husreff
Bassa
,
who
was
discontented
for
being
deposed
:
He
was
well
beloved
of
the
soldiers
for
his
bounty
,
therefore
Mortesa
Bassa
hath
secret
instructions
given
him
by
the
Sultan
to
strangle
Husreff
,
and
to
send
his
Head
privately
to
the
grand
Seignour
;
which
was
done
accordingly
,
yet
not
so
secretly
,
but
that
the
knowledge
thereof
came
to
the
soldiers
ears
,
who
presently
assemble
,
and
rudely
enter
the
house
of
the
Vizier
Regeb
Bassa
,
who
shewing
that
he
had
no
hand
nor
knowledge
in
the
murther
,
is
forced
to
go
with
them
to
the
Sultan
,
and
to
know
of
him
who
were
the
murtherers
of
Husreff
:
they
stay
all
the
while
in
the
outward
Yard
;
he
in
the
Evening
returns
and
assures
them
,
that
the
Sultan
would
satisfie
them
the
next
Morning
.
Then
they
gave
out
that
the
Sultan
had
murthered
About
this
time
Fleas
Bassa
rebelled
against
the
Sultan
,
and
spoiled
all
the
Country
near
Smyrna
,
so
that
the
Consul
and
Merchants
were
forced
to
Transport
themselves
,
and
goods
to
Scio.
This
Rebellion
was
suppressed
by
an
army
sent
thither
from
the
Sultan
.
Regeb
Bassai
the
Visier
,
who
was
thought
the
first
acter
in
these
troubles
,
is
strangled
in
the
Seraglio
,
without
any
mutiny
of
the
Soldiers
,
because
most
of
them
were
abroad
upon
service
.
The
year
following
was
memorable
for
the
fight
between
two
English
ships
in
the
Bay
of
Cassandra
,
and
30
Turks
Gallies
.
In
this
fight
the
English
Ships
took
fire
and
were
burned
,
divers
were
killed
;
the
two
Masters
,
Harris
and
Wilde
with
60
more
,
indeavouring
to
get
to
shore
,
were
taken
and
put
to
the
Oare
.
Of
the
Turks
were
slain
1700.
the
France
;
England
,
Venice
and
Holland
,
were
carried
to
the
Arsenall
,
and
accused
for
building
new
houses
with
Chappels
without
the
Sultan's
leave
;
wherefore
the
French
Chappel
is
commanded
to
be
pulled
down
,
which
was
done
the
next
day
:
The
Merchants
are
imprisoned
,
and
are
forced
to
pay
2000
dollars
apiece
for
their
ransome
:
The
English
payment
came
to
20000
dollars
,
the
4
Ambassadors
are
again
convented
,
and
desired
to
deliver
up
what
arms
they
had
in
their
houses
upon
pain
of
death
;
all
other
sorts
of
people
were
exacted
upon
,
but
at
last
the
Sultan
perceiving
his
error
,
and
danger
he
was
brought
in
if
this
Tyrannicall
act
should
be
known
abroad
,
promised
to
make
restitution
of
other
arms
,
though
not
of
the
same
that
were
taken
(
this
not
consisting
with
his
honor
)
and
satisfaction
for
the
monys
seised
on
,
excusing
his
fact
,
as
being
done
of
want
,
urged
to
raise
money
for
his
necessitie
.
These
troubles
at
last
were
known
to
proceed
from
the
French
Ambassadors
debts
,
which
they
neglected
to
pay
,
though
money
was
raised
in
Marselles
to
that
purpose
;
this
made
the
Creditors
call
to
the
Sultan
for
Justice
.
The
Sultan
fearing
a
new
insurrection
of
the
Janizaries
,
caused
the
Muffti
who
had
all
this
while
protected
himself
under
the
great
Turk
,
from
their
fury
,
CHAP.
XXII
.
The
Affaires
of
France
under
Charls
6th
Charls
7th
,
and
Lewis
11th
,
from
the
year
1407
,
till
the
year
1483
,
enterwoven
with
the
History
of
Burgundy
,
and
other
bordering
places
.
WE
have
shewed
how
during
the
indisposition
of
Charls
the
sixt
:
The
Duke
of
Burgundy
caused
the
Duke
of
Orleans
to
be
murthered
,
and
how
he
fled
into
his
own
Countrey
of
Flanders
,
where
he
found
an
Army
ready
,
which
he
conducted
against
the
Ligeois
,
because
they
would
not
receive
the
Bishop
,
who
being
of
a
great
house
,
and
Angolesme
,
Orleans
his
brother
into
England
,
where
he
was
kept
32
years
.
Mean
while
France
is
full
of
troubles
by
reason
of
the
King's
weakness
,
the
Duke
of
Burgundie's
greatness
,
the
heavy
taxes
laid
on
the
people
,
which
the
Duke
promised
to
take
off
,
and
the
English
Forces
in
Rohan
.
Burgundy
having
got
one
of
the
gates
of
Paris
by
the
treachery
of
Iohn
de
Villiers
,
to
be
opened
to
him
,
enters
with
a
party
of
horse
,
and
seiseth
on
the
King
;
the
Dolphin
escaped
,
a
great
massacre
is
committed
,
for
all
those
who
had
not
the
Saint
Andrews
Cross
(
which
was
the
badg
of
Burgundy
)
were
murthered
,
among
which
were
Count
Armignac
Constable
;
and
Henry
de
Marle
Chanceller
;
who
there
lost
their
lives
:
This
taking
of
Paris
caused
almost
all
the
rest
of
the
Kingdome
to
side
with
Burgundy
.
The
Dolphin
finding
the
troubles
of
France
could
not
end
without
the
death
of
the
Burgundian
,
made
means
to
have
a
Parley
with
him
;
which
being
granted
,
the
Duke
is
presently
murthered
by
the
Dolphin
;
whereupon
Philip
,
Burgundie's
son
,
to
be
revenged
for
his
Father's
death
,
enters
into
league
with
the
King
of
England
,
who
at
that
time
had
taken
Rohan
by
Famin
,
after
7
months
siege
,
and
withall
delivers
up
to
him
Paris
,
Charters
,
Troy
in
Champanie
,
the
King
,
Queen
,
and
their
yong
daughter
Catherin
;
then
he
cites
the
Dolphin
to
appear
at
Paris
,
there
to
be
tried
for
this
murther
,
but
he
not
appearing
,
King
Henry
as
Regent
of
France
takes
in
some
Towns
,
and
leaves
his
brother
Owen
Tudar
,
a
Welch
Gentleman
.
In
this
Charles
his
time
,
the
French
reduced
the
Millanois
that
had
rebelled
,
to
obedience
of
the
Dutchess
his
brothers
wife
.
This
King
gave
the
Dutchy
of
Nemours
to
the
King
of
Nevar
.
The
Dolphin
and
Iohn
his
Brother
died
,
and
Charles
the
youngest
succedeth
.
This
mad
King
reigned
forty
two
years
.
To
him
succeeded
Charles
7.
at
the
age
of
21.
He
contained
himself
sometime
Charles
being
nothing
dismayed
at
the
English
proceedings
,
goeth
on
in
taking
in
of
Towns
,
and
the
rather
because
he
finds
Duke
Philip
grow
slack
in
maintaining
the
English
cause
.
France
in
the
interim
is
in
a
miserable
condition
.
Multitudes
fall
off
from
the
English
to
the
Burgundian
,
whose
anger
was
now
pretty
well
satiated
with
blood
and
misery
.
A
Peace
therefore
is
now
propounded
at
Artebates
,
or
Aras
,
the
French
Gentry
remonstrating
that
France
,
France
,
all
the
people
presently
takes
Arms
:
the
English
being
amazed
at
this
,
and
seeing
the
French
Army
breaking
in
all
the
Gates
,
presently
fly
for
shelter
to
the
Bastile
.
The
streets
are
chained
,
all
the
English
,
and
their
adherents
,
that
could
be
found
,
men
,
women
,
and
children
,
were
massacred
.
These
in
the
Bastile
yeilded
upon
promise
of
life
,
and
safe
conduct
to
the
next
Towns
held
by
the
English.
Burgundy
besiegeth
Calice
,
but
could
doe
no
good
,
because
of
the
unruliness
of
his
own
soldiers
,
and
some
differences
that
fell
out
between
him
and
his
subjects
at
Bruges
;
wherefore
he
brings
his
Army
straight
thither
.
He
was
let
into
the
Town
,
and
so
many
as
they
thought
they
could
master
;
the
rest
were
excluded
:
but
the
soldiers
within
,
breaking
open
one
of
their
Gates
,
got
out
again
,
and
so
kept
the
Town
from
all
provision
,
that
they
were
forced
to
beg
pardon
of
the
Duke
bare
headed
,
and
bare
footed
,
and
withall
to
pay
him
a
great
sum
of
money
.
In
the
interim
,
the
French
are
now
in
case
to
send
Forces
into
Italy
,
for
recovering
of
Naples
,
albeit
the
English
as
yet
were
not
quite
driven
out
of
France
.
About
this
time
Lewis
3d
,
whom
Queen
Iane
of
Naples
adopted
,
died
,
and
Iane
her self
the
year
after
.
Ferdinand
of
Arragon
,
is
advised
by
his
friends
to
go
for
Naples
;
but
they
who
stood
for
Anjou
,
counsel
the
Duke
of
Bar
,
Brother
to
the
said
Lewis
,
is
wished
to
hasten
thither
,
upon
hopes
he
might
prevail
before
the
rest
,
because
Queen
Iane
had
named
his
Brother
heir
to
the
Crown
.
But
he
was
prisoner
to
the
Burgundian
,
who
had
raised
his
ransome
to
a
greater
sum
then
was
at
first
demanded
,
because
now
he
was
Duke
of
Anjou
,
and
Earl
of
Province
,
by
the
death
of
his
Brother
Lewis
.
Therefore
that
he
might
take
the
speedier
order
for
his
ransome
,
is
set
at
liberty
upon
his
Parol
,
which
he
was
careful
to
perform
.
But
his
wife
Isabel
,
a
Princess
of
great
courage
,
goeth
into
Province
with
her
two
sons
,
raiseth
men
,
and
provideth
Vessels
for
her
Transportation
to
Naples
;
from
whence
Alphonsus
was
repulsed
by
the
contrary
Faction
to
the
Isle
of
Ischia
.
But
recruting
himself
with
more
supplies
,
he
besiegeth
Cajet
both
by
Sea
and
Land.
The
Genuois
who
had
great
store
of
wealth
in
that
Town
,
and
who
stood
for
Anjou
,
desire
help
from
Philip
Duke
of
Millan
,
under
whose
protection
they
were
.
Philip
sends
help
by
Land
,
the
Genuois
by
Sea
:
Alphonsus
raiseth
all
the
strength
he
can
in
Spain
,
Sicily
,
and
Naples
;
to
wit
,
nineteen
great
ships
,
three
Gallies
,
and
one
Gallion
:
the
Genuois
were
scarce
half
so
many
,
either
in
number
,
or
greatness
of
Vessels
:
the
fight
was
sharp
,
and
doubtful
at
first
,
but
at
length
,
some
of
the
Genua
ships
getting
the
wind
of
the
Enemy
,
fell
so
furiously
upon
the
Arragon
Admiral
,
where
the
King
and
his
Brother
,
the
King
of
Navarre
were
,
with
six
hundred
soldiers
;
that
both
the
Kings
were
forced
to
yeild
.
So
the
siege
upon
the
report
of
this
defeat
,
is
raised
from
Naples
:
the
two
Kings
and
three
hundred
Donns
,
are
led
away
prisoners
to
Millan
,
where
they
are
most
magnificently
received
,
entertained
,
and
dismissed
with
rich
Presents
by
the
Duke
,
to
whom
King
Alphonsus
sheweth
reasons
why
Millan
should
rather
hold
with
Arragon
then
Anjou
,
because
at
last
France
will
become
Masters
of
Millan
,
whose
dispositions
doe
not
sort
so
well
with
the
Millanois
,
as
those
of
Arragon
do
,
as
was
observed
by
Iohn
Galeas
the
last
Duke
of
Millan
.
Mean
while
Isabel
Dutchess
of
Anjou
,
arrives
at
Cajet
,
and
from
thence
at
Naples
,
where
she
assembles
all
the
chief
of
her
Faction
;
but
Burgundy
would
not
release
Duke
Rene
her
Husband
,
till
he
had
delivered
up
Cassel
for
his
Ransom
.
At
which
the
Genuois
stormed
,
who
were
in
good
hope
the
two
Captive
Kings
should
have
paid
the
Dukes
Ransom
,
therefore
were
mad
,
that
they
should
obtain
a
victory
to
their
great
cost
and
pains
,
and
Duke
Philip
should
have
the
honour
of
it
;
of
whom
they
complain
for
dismissing
the
prisoners
without
Ransom
,
and
for
using
the
Genuois
(
hitherto
a
free
people
,
and
who
had
made
the
remote
Princes
,
and
Kings
of
the
East
afraid
of
them
)
as
slaves
.
Hereupon
they
revolt
,
and
assume
their
former
liberty
;
then
with
their
Gallies
they
accompany
Duke
Rene
to
Naples
,
where
they
made
him
to
be
Crowned
presently
.
Which
Act
was
approved
and
ratified
by
Pope
Eugenius
,
for
which
cause
he
was
hated
by
the
Duke
of
Millan
,
and
Alphonsus
King
of
Arragon
,
who
besiegeth
Naples
again
,
and
in
it
Duke
Rene
of
Anjou
;
but
the
City
was
so
stoutly
defended
,
that
Arragon
was
fain
to
raise
the
siege
,
having
lost
his
brother
by
a
Canon
Bullet
from
the
walls
.
But
before
the
siege
was
quite
raised
,
a
Runegado
out
of
the
City
shews
Alphonsus
a
passage
through
a
common
shoar
or
kennel
;
by
this
the
Arragonians
enter
the
City
,
Anjou
flies
to
the
Castle
where
having
little
hopes
,
makes
his
Composition
with
Alphonsus
,
and
so
returns
by
Florence
,
where
he
saluted
the
Pope
into
France
.
There
he
finds
his
brother
Prince
Charles
in
so
great
favour
with
the
King
,
that
the
whole
Kingdom
was
ruled
by
his
Councel
,
which
offended
About
this
time
Rene
,
or
Renatus
of
Anjou
,
returns
from
Italy
,
whose
daughter
Margaret
is
maried
to
the
King
of
England
,
and
a
three
years
Peace
concluded
between
the
two
Nations
.
The
County
of
Main
is
restored
again
by
the
English
to
the
French
,
and
some
other
places
:
during
which
Truce
,
supplies
are
sent
to
the
D.
of
Millan
against
the
Venetians
,
and
the
County
of
Ast
is
first
promised
,
then
rendred
by
the
Duke
to
his
sisters
son
the
Duke
of
Orleans
:
and
the
same
day
Duke
Philip
of
Millan
died
,
of
sickness
and
grief
;
the
Duke
of
Orleans
claimed
the
next
succession
to
Millan
,
by
his
defunct
Uncle
,
Duke
Philip.
The
Millanois
aimed
at
their
liberty
;
Regnauld
the
French
Commander
there
,
before
supplies
could
be
sent
him
from
France
,
besiegeth
Bosto
,
but
being
beaten
by
the
Millanois
,
was
forc't
to
rise
and
retreat
to
Ast
,
with
loss
and
disgrace
:
but
Francis
Sforsa
,
who
had
maried
Blanch
,
Duke
Philip
of
Millans
daughter
,
and
received
with
her
the
City
and
Principality
of
Cremona
,
who
defeated
the
Venetians
,
enemies
to
Millan
,
doth
now
fall
off
from
Millan
to
the
Venetians
,
and
taking
opportunity
by
the
divers
Factions
of
the
Citizens
,
besiegeth
the
City
,
which
for
want
of
victuals
yeildeth
,
and
receiveth
Sfosra
for
their
Duke
,
before
France
could
send
any
Forces
thither
,
for
their
Truce
with
England
was
now
broke
by
the
English
,
who
took
Tongeres
.
Upon
this
the
French
took
divers
places
from
the
English
,
and
Rouen
among
the
rest
,
with
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
in
it
,
who
to
have
his
liberty
was
forced
to
deliver
up
five
French
Towns
,
which
were
in
his
possession
;
and
upon
the
surrender
of
Falaise
to
the
French
,
Talbot
is
delivered
out
of
prison
.
A
Battel
is
fought
between
Bayeux
and
Carenton
,
in
which
the
French
beat
the
English
,
and
by
degrees
got
all
Normandy
again
from
them
.
Then
the
French
King
marcheth
with
his
Forces
into
Guien
,
where
he
layeth
siege
to
four
Towns
at
one
time
.
Mean
while
Burdeaux
sends
to
capitulate
with
the
King
,
and
is
surrendred
on
their
own
conditions
,
which
occasioned
the
other
Towns
to
surrender
also
.
And
so
all
Guienne
returns
again
to
the
French
,
except
Bayonne
;
which
at
last
upon
the
sight
of
a
white
Cross
in
the
Clouds
,
or
a
Meteor
like
a
white
Cross
,
which
is
the
Arms
of
France
,
as
the
red
is
of
England
,
they
deliver
up
themselves
to
the
French
,
preferring
the
white
Crosse
to
the
red
.
Not
long
after
,
Bourdeaux
falls
off
again
from
the
French
,
and
sends
to
Talbot
,
who
coming
with
five
thousand
Foot
to
the
gates
,
was
let
in
.
Upon
this
report
the
King
sends
Prince
Iohn
,
the
Duke
of
Burbons
son
,
with
an
Army
:
A
battel
is
fought
,
in
which
both
Talbot
and
his
son
,
lost
their
lives
,
and
Burdeaux
withall
,
which
the
King
by
building
two
Castles
,
did
so
bridle
,
that
they
could
not
afterward
revolt
to
the
English
,
who
were-all
dismissed
by
the
King
,
and
suffered
quietly
to
return
home
,
having
lost
all
their
holds
in
About
this
time
the
Gantois
rebelled
against
their
Duke
,
because
he
exacted
of
them
a
new
Gabel
of
Salt
,
and
incroached
on
their
liberties
;
therefore
they
cruelly
kill
their
Governour
,
but
they
were
defeated
by
the
Duke
in
a
battel
,
having
lost
twenty
thousand
of
their
men
,
and
were
at
last
content
to
pay
a
great
sum
of
mony
,
and
to
accept
what
Laws
the
Duke
would
impose
on
them
.
In
France
,
the
King
was
forced
notwithstanding
the
wars
were
ended
,
to
maintain
in
Garisons
five
thousand
Foot
,
and
fifteen
hundred
Horse
,
to
suppress
the
rambling
soldiers
,
who
went
to
and
fro
plundring
the
Country
people
.
At
this
time
King
Alphonsus
made
war
in
Tuscany
,
upon
the
Florentins
,
for
their
aid
;
the
King
raiseth
two
thousand
Horse
,
intending
that
if
Alphonsus
were
worsted
,
to
march
to
Naples
for
the
claiming
a
title
to
that
Kingdome
:
the
Duke
of
Savoy
at
first
denyed
him
passage
through
his
country
,
because
he
was
in
League
with
Alphonsus
and
Venice
,
against
Millan
,
and
the
Florentins
;
but
the
Dolphin
,
his
son
in
law
,
wrought
so
upon
him
,
that
at
last
he
yeildeth
a
passage
.
But
this
Expedition
came
at
length
to
nothing
,
For
upon
the
sad
news
of
the
loss
of
Constantinople
,
the
Italian
Princes
made
Peace
among
themselves
.
Iohn
Duke
d'
Alanzon
is
declared
by
the
King
guilty
of
High
Treason
,
for
solliciting
the
English
to
return
into
France
,
but
afterward
is
pardoned
:
The
Dolphin
was
now
in
stead
of
four
months
,
absent
four
years
from
the
Court
,
carying
himself
like
a
King
in
his
own
Country
,
by
making
Laws
,
and
receiving
Ambassadors
;
the
King
sends
an
Army
with
command
to
bring
him
to
the
Court
;
the
young
Prince
fearing
the
worst
,
flyes
to
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
who
excuses
himself
to
the
King
that
being
his
Vassall
,
he
could
not
refuse
to
intertain
his
sonne
.
Peter
Fregose
Duke
of
Genua
,
being
crossed
by
the
contrary
Faction
,
and
fearing
the
greatnesse
of
Alphonsus
,
King
of
Arragon
,
conveys
himself
and
his
estate
into
France
.
Mean
while
Alphonsus
dieth
,
and
leaves
his
Fathers
kingdomes
to
his
Brother
Iohn
,
but
Naples
to
his
Bastard
son
Ferdinand
;
but
Naples
.
Ferdinand
alledgeth
that
Pope
Eugenius
on
this
condition
crowned
Alphonsus
,
that
Ferdinand
might
succeed
him
,
which
was
confirmed
by
Pope
Nicolaus
.
Pope
Pius
who
succeeded
Calixtus
,
to
avoid
further
trouble
,
fearing
lest
Sforza
and
Ferdinand
,
who
were
very
intimate
,
should
joyn
their
Forces
,
and
raise
a
new
War
in
Italy
,
Crowns
Ferdinand
King
of
Naples
,
conditionally
that
this
should
not
prejudice
those
that
could
shew
Title
to
that
Crown
.
Upon
the
report
of
this
Coronation
,
Iohn
son
to
Rene
of
Anjou
,
procures
a
great
Fleet
from
Genua
and
Province
,
to
make
War
against
Ferdinand
at
Naples
,
complaining
against
the
Pope
for
Crowning
his
Enemy
.
Not
long
after
Iohn
obtains
a
great
Victory
upon
Ferdinand
,
so
that
he
was
like
to
conquer
Naples
,
had
he
not
delayed
too
long
till
Ferdinand
had
recruted
himself
.
In
the
Interim
the
Genuois
revolt
from
Duke
Iohn
,
and
the
French
,
who
had
nothing
now
left
them
but
the
Castle
with
Savonne
.
Upon
this
King
Rene
marcheth
with
a
French
Army
against
Genua
;
but
being
defeated
,
and
two
thousand
of
his
men
cut
in
pieces
,
was
fain
to
retire
to
Savonne
.
Upon
report
that
the
Turk
had
taken
Trapezund
,
that
great
and
rich
City
in
Pontus
,
the
people
sends
to
the
Christian
Princes
for
aid
against
the
Turk
,
bewailing
the
miserable
condition
of
Christendome
.
The
Dolphin
being
in
the
Burgundians
Countrey
,
resolves
to
goe
against
the
Turks
:
His
Father
sends
first
to
have
him
come
and
speak
with
him
;
which
hee
refused
to
doe
,
wherefore
the
King
sends
to
the
Pope
,
to
know
which
way
he
might
disinherit
this
disobedient
son
;
the
Pope
commends
the
Dolphins
real
,
and
reproves
the
King
;
he
also
animates
the
French
to
stand
by
the
Dolphin
in
this
his
noble
intentions
,
shewing
to
them
the
valour
and
devotion
of
their
Predecessors
,
in
subduing
these
barbarous
Infidels
:
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
also
protests
to
make
a
Voyage
himself
,
or
to
send
an
Army
against
the
Turks
.
The
Dolphin
had
then
a
son
born
to
him
,
whom
hee
called
Duke
of
Normandy
:
The
King
mistrusting
he
had
been
poisoned
,
refused
to
touch
any
Victuals
;
At
last
being
importuned
to
eat
by
his
friends
,
tried
,
but
could
not
swallow
,
the
passages
were
so
narrow
,
and
clung
so
together
.
And
in
this
case
hee
died
,
thanking
God
that
hee
would
take
him
away
out
of
this
wretched
life
,
on
that
day
which
was
kept
in
memory
of
Mary
Magdalen
,
that
great
sinner
,
desiring
a
share
in
her
To
Charles
succeeded
his
son
Lewis
11.
who
had
been
a
long
time
out
of
France
;
he
changeth
all
the
Governours
and
Officers
of
the
kingdom
,
and
is
made
Umpire
of
a
difference
between
the
King
of
Castile
,
and
Bland
,
daughter
and
heir
to
the
King
of
Navarre
,
and
wife
to
the
King
of
Arragon
.
To
obtain
the
Popes
favour
,
he
renounceth
the
Pragmatical
Sanction
,
and
labours
to
make
the
Duke
of
Millan
his
Vassal
;
he
demands
of
the
Duke
of
Britany
,
that
he
forbear
the
title
of
[
By
the
Grace
of
God
Duke
of
Britany
]
and
that
his
subjects
acknowledge
the
French
King
for
their
Soveraign
and
Lord.
War
also
is
threatned
,
if
the
Duke
should
refuse
:
he
being
astonished
at
this
,
desires
of
the
King
some
time
to
assemble
and
consult
with
the
States
of
his
Dutchy
,
about
such
weighty
matters
.
Mean
while
he
sends
his
Agents
disguised
in
divers
habits
,
to
the
King
of
England
,
and
other
Forain
Princes
;
he
makes
also
a
strait
alliance
with
Charles
Count
of
Charolois
,
Duke
Philips
son
of
Burgundy
,
to
whom
the
King
sends
Ambassadors
,
accusing
his
son
for
allying
himself
with
the
Duke
of
Britany
,
a
great
friend
to
England
;
and
withall
they
cast
divers
foul
aspersions
upon
him
:
the
Duke
suffered
not
his
son
to
speak
,
fearing
his
rashness
,
but
spoke
himself
,
excusing
his
sons
actions
,
and
accusing
the
Kings
breach
of
promises
.
The
next
day
the
Count
spoke
for
himself
;
that
though
he
had
entertained
amity
with
the
Duke
of
Britany
,
yet
it
was
not
to
prejudice
France
,
but
to
advance
the
publick
good
.
But
shortly
after
it
appeared
,
that
the
Princes
were
much
discontented
,
among
the
rest
Charles
Duke
of
Berry
,
the
Kings
brother
,
who
had
all
conspired
to
restore
the
Gentry
and
Clergy
of
France
,
and
generally
Mont
l'
Hery
,
where
a
sharp
Skirmish
is
fought
,
to
the
loss
of
above
two
thousand
;
the
Count
was
wounded
in
the
stomach
and
throat
:
it
was
given
out
that
the
King
was
slain
,
upon
which
the
Count
d'
Main
fled
,
but
that
report
was
false
;
for
when
the
King
uncovered
his
Head
,
and
shewed
himself
,
his
soldiers
took
courage
again
,
and
fought
stoutly
.
After
the
Battail
was
fought
at
Mont
l'
Hery
,
the
King
returns
to
Corbeil
,
and
from
thence
to
Paris
,
where
he
ingratiates
himself
by
fair
words
and
promises
,
with
the
Citizens
;
for
so
Sforsa
Duke
of
Millan
,
who
had
sent
him
some
Auxiliaries
of
Horse
and
Foot
advised
him
.
By
his
affability
he
got
the
good
will
of
the
Parisians
,
and
then
he
goeth
into
Normandy
to
raise
strength
there
also
.
Mean
time
the
Dukes
,
Counts
,
and
Barons
,
had
sate
down
in
three
several
places
before
Paris
,
whether
they
sent
some
Heraults
to
desire
them
to
send
some
of
their
wisest
men
,
to
know
the
reasons
why
this
Army
sate
down
there
;
and
withall
to
deliberate
about
a
way
of
Accommodation
.
The
City
having
met
,
and
advised
upon
this
,
sends
the
Bishop
of
Paris
,
with
some
other
prime
men
;
to
whom
the
united
Princes
shew
,
that
the
Kings
insolent
Government
,
his
changing
of
the
Laws
and
Customs
,
his
despising
of
the
Nobility
,
and
oppressing
of
the
people
,
moved
them
to
take
Arms
,
that
things
might
be
righted
,
which
would
be
done
the
sooner
,
if
Paris
the
chief
City
,
would
by
joyning
with
them
,
shew
good
example
to
others
.
Hereupon
the
Parisians
thought
it
sit
the
City
Gates
should
be
opened
to
the
Princes
,
conditionally
that
their
soldiers
would
doe
no
wrong
,
but
pay
for
what
they
take
;
and
that
the
Kings
consent
may
be
required
in
this
matter
.
The
King
being
advertised
of
this
,
extreamly
was
i●…raged
,
and
repairs
to
Paris
with
some
Foot
Forces
,
where
hee
reproves
the
City
in
general
,
and
particularly
the
Bishop
,
for
offering
to
entertain
a
Parley
with
his
Enemies
:
For
this
cause
the
King
hated
him
ever
after
,
and
caused
his
Epitaph
over
his
Tomb
to
be
taken
down
.
The
Princes
failing
of
their
intentions
,
and
of
the
Cities
assistance
,
resolve
to
give
the
King
Battel
,
which
he
altogether
declined
,
not
willing
to
hazard
all
upon
an
uncertain
Battel
,
as
Sforsa
advised
him
;
but
he
mans
,
and
fortifies
all
the
Gates
,
Walls
,
and
Towns
of
the
City
;
great
hurt
was
done
at
Charenton
,
by
the
Ordnance
;
some
Sallies
and
Skirmishes
were
permitted
by
the
King
,
and
Fortifications
are
raised
on
both
sides
.
Charolois
makes
a
Bridge
of
Boats
,
for
Transporting
his
Army
,
which
presently
after
feizeth
on
some
of
the
Suburbs
,
and
drives
away
the
Kings
men
from
thence
.
Then
a
Truce
for
two
days
is
agreed
on
;
the
King
sends
his
Chancellor
to
know
the
Duke
of
Berries
minde
,
whom
nothing
will
content
but
the
Dutchy
of
Normandy
;
then
the
King
desires
a
Parley
with
Charolois
,
whom
he
flatters
,
and
makes
believe
,
that
he
was
sorry
his
Chancellour
,
whom
he
sent
to
his
Father
,
had
used
any
distastfull
words
,
having
no
such
Commission
.
By
this
he
gained
more
of
Charolois
,
then
he
could
doe
by
force
.
The
Truce
is
from
day
to
day
renued
;
so
that
now
there
is
intercourse
between
the
City
,
and
the
Camp
,
and
revolting
on
both
sides
,
chiefly
from
the
King
,
whose
pretences
were
not
so
specious
,
as
those
of
the
Princes
,
which
aimed
at
the
publick
good
;
therefore
the
King
gives
order
to
shoot
all
such
as
should
either
come
from
,
or
go
to
the
City
without
leave
.
A
false
report
was
brought
to
the
Princes
,
that
the
next
morning
the
King
meant
to
give
them
battel
,
which
presently
alarumed
them
,
so
that
all
night
they
stood
in
battell
Aray
,
for
fear
of
surprisal
;
but
this
was
only
a
false
fire
.
It
was
also
given
out
in
Nermandy
,
that
the
King
and
Princes
had
made
a
Peace
;
and
that
Berry
the
Kings
brother
,
should
be
Duke
of
Normandy
,
which
gladed
the
Normans
hearts
,
who
longed
to
have
a
Duke
.
Mean
while
the
Duke
of
Burbon
enters
Rohan
,
and
takes
it
in
the
name
of
the
Duke
of
Berry
.
Upon
this
,
the
King
desires
another
Parley
with
Count
Charolois
,
wherein
he
offers
Normandy
to
the
Duke
of
Berry
,
satisfaction
to
the
other
Princes
;
the
payment
of
his
sisters
mariage
portion
to
the
Duke
of
Burbon
,
and
assistance
to
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
for
recovering
of
Naples
;
so
a
peace
is
agreed
upon
,
which
the
Princes
willingly
accept
,
because
of
Winter
drawing
on
.
Sforsa's
Forces
understanding
that
the
Peace
was
concluded
,
returns
home
,
having
done
much
hurt
in
Burbons
Country
:
thus
the
begun
War
ended
,
but
not
the
private
grudges
.
The
Duke
of
Britain
grew
angry
at
this
peace
,
by
which
Charolois
obtained
all
the
chief
Towns
on
the
River
of
Some
,
and
the
Kings
brother
,
Normandy
for
Berry
;
whereas
he
who
had
been
at
more
charges
in
this
War
,
then
any
other
,
except
Charolois
,
had
nothing
advanced
himself
,
either
in
his
estate
or
honour
;
therefore
he
with
divers
Lords
,
begin
to
look
on
the
new
Duke
of
Normandy
,
as
a
rising
Sun
,
and
to
expect
advancement
by
his
means
.
The
King
who
was
cunning
to
sow
the
seeds
of
discord
among
the
Princes
,
caused
a
report
to
fly
abroad
,
that
whilst
the
Duke
of
Normandy
was
lodged
upon
S.
Katherins
Hill
neer
Rohan
,
till
the
City
was
fitted
for
his
reception
in
State
;
the
Britains
meant
to
cary
him
away
into
their
Countrey
,
whereupon
the
Rohaners
before
the
day
appointed
for
solemnity
,
brings
in
the
Duke
without
any
state
at
all
,
save
onely
that
the
Clergy
waited
on
him
with
the
Cross.
Britany
fearing
that
this
people
would
be
moved
against
him
,
returns
home
,
taking
some
towns
of
Normandy
by
the
way
,
which
he
fortified
with
Garisons
:
Mean
while
the
King
comes
with
an
Army
against
his
brother
in
Rohan
;
who
now
being
forsaken
by
Brittany
,
and
Charolois
employed
in
a
war
against
the
Liegeois
,
was
forced
to
submit
,
and
part
with
both
his
Dutchies
of
Berry
and
Normandy
,
and
to
retire
again
into
Brittany
,
where
he
had
his
first
assistance
in
this
late
war.
The
Government
of
Brittany
is
restored
to
Burbony
for
his
good
service
in
recovering
Normandy
to
the
King
:
Lorrain
having
received
men
and
mony
from
the
King
towards
the
recovering
of
Naples
,
did
wave
that
enterprise
,
in
regard
his
father
and
other
friends
,
had
so
bad
success
in
it
heretofore
;
he
intends
therefore
to
recover
the
right
his
ancestors
pretended
to
the
Kingdome
of
Arragon
,
having
crossed
the
Pyrenians
,
he
began
to
prosper
well
in
Spain
,
till
the
Plague
seised
on
his
Camp
,
of
which
disease
he
died
:
The
King
presently
upon
this
calls
back
his
Army
,
and
imploys
it
against
the
Duke
of
Brittany
,
whilst
Charolois
is
hindred
by
the
Liegeoian
war
;
for
upon
the
death
of
his
father
Duke
Philip
of
Burgundy
,
who
held
the
Liegeois
in
great
awe
,
imposed
a
tribute
on
them
,
and
took
divers
places
from
them
,
for
refusing
to
obey
their
young
Bishop
Lewis
of
Burbon
,
the
Duke
of
Burgundies
Nephew
,
whom
In
this
mean
time
King
Lewis
forceth
his
brother
Charls
and
the
Duke
of
Brittany
to
make
their
peace
with
him
,
promising
his
brother
an
yearly
pension
of
35
thousand
crowns
,
conditionally
he
quit
his
claim
to
the
Dutchie
of
Normandy
;
at
which
time
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
having
quieted
Liegeois
,
and
Gantois
,
prepares
to
assist
his
antient
friends
,
Berry
and
Britanny
.
As
he
was
on
his
march
,
newes
came
that
they
two
were
reconciled
to
the
King
,
which
he
did
not
at
first
believe
,
supposing
this
newes
had
been
given
out
by
the
King
,
to
hinder
his
march
;
but
at
last
by
Legats
from
the
King
and
these
two
Princes
,
he
was
assured
of
their
reconciliation
:
The
King
desires
Burgundy
to
meet
him
at
Peronne
,
for
finishing
this
last
peace
with
all
the
Princes
:
They
met
accordingly
,
and
as
they
were
in
treaty
about
the
peace
;
newes
came
that
the
Liegeois
had
again
taken
arms
:
Most
of
the
banished
men
being
returned
half
starved
,
and
like
savages
in
their
overgrown
haires
:
They
first
take
Tongres
an
antient
City
,
where
Lewis
of
Burbon
their
Bishop
,
was
with
the
Pope's
Legat
,
who
so
asswaged
the
furie
of
the
Soldiers
,
that
little
blood
was
shed
.
When
Duke
Charls
understood
that
this
rebellion
was
raised
by
the
French
King's
Ambassadors
;
in
a
rage
he
accuseth
the
King
of
his
treachery
and
hypocrisie
,
and
causeth
the
Gates
of
Peronne
to
be
shut
,
and
kept
with
a
strict
Guard
,
that
none
might
goe
out
or
in
,
pretending
that
a
Budget
with
Letters
of
consequence
was
lost
:
So
the
King
was
kept
prisoner
two
days
in
great
doubt
,
what
would
become
of
him
;
for
he
had
both
in
his
minde
and
eie
,
the
Tower
close
by
him
,
where
Charls
the
simple
King
of
France
was
fain
to
renounce
his
right
to
the
Crown
.
The
Duke
sat
in
Counsell
two
days
to
know
what
should
be
done
to
the
King
:
Some
thought
it
fitting
that
he
should
declare
himself
an
enemy
to
the
Liegeois
,
and
ass●…
the
Duke
with
an
Army
;
others
would
not
have
him
to
be
released
at
all
,
fearing
he
would
revenge
this
wrong
;
a
third
sort
would
have
his
brother
sent
for
,
to
have
a
confirmation
of
the
Conditions
in
the
peace
of
Conflans
:
The
Duke
was
content
to
let
the
King
goe
free
,
if
he
would
send
his
Ambassadors
to
Liege
for
a
peace
;
which
the
King
swore
to
do
,
and
promised
also
to
give
the
Counties
of
Brie
and
Champaigne
to
his
brother
,
which
pleased
the
Duke
well
,
because
these
Counties
joyning
to
his
,
would
make
him
the
stronger
,
to
resist
future
quarrels
with
the
French
King.
The
King
accompanies
the
Duke
to
the
siege
of
Leige
:
The
Citizens
at
first
made
some
sallies
on
the
besiegers
;
but
perceiving
their
present
dangers
,
and
strength
of
the
enemies
,
send
their
young
Bishop
to
his
Cousin
,
to
mediate
for
them
,
with
condition
he
should
return
if
he
could
not
prevail
;
but
the
Duke
was
so
incensed
,
that
neither
would
he
hearken
to
any
pardon
,
nor
would
permit
the
Bishop
to
return
,
though
he
was
tied
by
his
Oath
:
Then
the
Pope's
Legat
intercedeth
,
desiring
the
Duke
to
remember
the
Pope's
goodness
,
who
upon
the
earnest
request
of
his
father
,
conferred
this
Bishoprick
on
young
Burbon
;
that
therefore
he
would
be
pleased
to
bestow
this
City
upon
the
Pope
,
and
spare
their
lives
:
But
this
the
Duke
refused
,
accusing
the
Legat
for
pretending
to
the
Bishoprick
of
Leige
:
So
at
length
the
City
is
taken
,
plundred
,
and
burned
,
and
all
the
inhabitants
that
could
be
found
,
cut
in
pieces
:
Immediately
after
this
,
the
King
returns
into
his
Kingdome
,
and
deals
so
cunningly
with
his
brother
,
by
such
as
had
an
interest
in
him
,
that
he
got
him
to
refuse
Brie
and
Champaigne
bordering
upon
Burgundy
,
and
in
lieu
thereof
,
to
accept
of
Guienne
farther
off
.
Not
long
after
this
,
a
son
Lewis
,
Charls
by
name
:
The
King
willing
to
pick
a
quarrell
with
Burgundy
,
got
some
discontented
persons
to
Petition
him
against
the
Duke's
injustice
and
oppressions
,
shewing
also
that
he
had
incroached
upon
the
King's
Territories
,
and
broken
the
peace
:
The
King
upon
this
,
calls
a
Counsell
,
where
it
is
declared
that
the
Duke
had
violated
the
peace
;
wherefore
he
is
summoned
to
appear
,
which
he
took
so
hainously
that
he
imprisoned
the
Messenger
,
but
afterward
sent
him
home
:
In
the
interim
Amiens
and
Saint
Quintins
return
to
the
Kings
obedience
:
Who
shortly
after
began
openly
to
force
other
places
.
Here
upon
the
Duke
sends
to
his
friends
and
allies
for
aid
:
The
Duke
of
Guienne
sends
him
Letters
privatly
,
that
he
would
send
him
supplies
,
the
King
perceiving
how
earnest
Burgundy
was
to
recover
Amiens
,
and
S.
Quintins
,
sends
to
him
,
that
he
should
have
them
again
if
so
be
he
would
renounce
alliance
with
the
Dukes
of
Brittany
and
Guienne
,
and
not
assist
them
so
long
as
he
had
wars
with
them
:
To
this
the
Duke
condescended
.
The
King
in
the
interim
sends
under-hand
to
the
Governours
of
these
two
places
,
to
keep
off
the
Duke
with
fair
words
,
and
not
to
surrender
the
Towns
:
Burgundy
understanding
that
the
King
meant
to
cheat
him
,
and
that
he
had
already
begun
to
make
war
upon
the
Duke
of
Guienne
,
enters
France
with
his
Army
,
and
first
besiegeth
Beauvais
,
but
could
not
take
it
;
therefore
he
marcheth
towards
Normandy
,
to
joyn
his
Forces
with
Brittany
against
Rohan
;
but
on
the
way
newes
came
that
The
Constable
was
the
Duek's
great
enemy
,
and
he
was
suspected
to
blow
the
coles
for
this
flame
,
and
to
be
the
chief
fomenter
of
this
war
;
for
he
entring
into
Burgundy
,
caused
all
places
to
be
set
on
fire
,
whether
he
came
:
At
a
meeting
he
gave
the
lye
to
the
Duke's
Ambassadors
;
which
de
Armignack
,
who
not
long
after
is
put
to
death
for
incest
with
his
sister
,
and
they
were
hanged
who
betrayed
Burbon
.
The
Duke
of
Nemours
is
condemned
for
Treason
,
and
beheaded
.
Anne
the
King's
eldest
daughter
,
is
married
to
Burbon
,
and
Ieane
the
younger
who
was
crooked
and
deformed
,
to
Lewis
Duke
of
Orleans
,
afterward
Lewis
12.
About
this
time
the
Order
of
Saint
Michael
was
instituted
by
King
Lewis
11
which
he
sent
to
the
Duke
of
Brittany
,
but
he
refused
it
,
fearing
to
offend
the
King
of
England
,
and
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
his
true
friends
:
This
the
King
took
ill
,
that
a
Duke
should
scorn
to
be
his
brother
in
that
Order
:
This
Duke
of
Burgundy
helped
to
establish
King
Edward
of
England
in
his
Throne
,
to
make
himself
by
this
the
stronger
against
King
Lewis
.
The
Duke
of
Gelders
at
this
time
is
imprisoned
by
his
own
son
,
but
set
at
liberty
again
by
Charls
of
Burgundy
,
wherefore
Gelders
disinherits
his
son
,
and
makes
Burgundy
his
heir
:
Who
having
obtained
this
rich
Dutchie
,
sends
a
summe
of
money
to
Sigismund
Duke
of
Austria
,
the
Emperors
brother
,
who
mortgaged
the
Countie
of
Ferreste
for
this
money
:
Then
he
endeavonrs
to
obtain
all
the
land
lying
between
the
Dutchie
and
Countie
;
for
this
cause
proposeth
the
marriage
of
his
daughter
to
Maximilian
the
Emperor's
son
,
and
labours
what
he
could
to
be
Lieutenant
of
the
Empire
;
but
the
Emperor
perceiving
his
ambition
and
covetousness
forsook
him
,
at
the
meeting
in
Trevers
without
bidding
him
farewell
:
Yet
the
Duke
prosecutes
his
designe
.
There
was
then
great
contestation
about
the
Bishoprick
of
Colen
;
he
strives
to
put
in
Robert
his
kisman
,
who
had
been
driven
out
by
his
adversaries
:
This
was
not
well
resented
by
the
Emperor
,
that
a
stranger
should
meddle
with
the
affairs
of
Germany
.
Then
having
called
a
Diet
,
he
sends
aid
to
Nuz
,
at
that
time
besieged
by
Burgundy
:
In
the
interim
King
Lewis
by
his
Ambassadors
reconciles
Austria
and
the
Switzers
,
so
Sigismund
by
their
help
recovers
his
Countie
of
Ferrette
without
paying
the
summe
borrowed
.
At
the
same
time
also
Rhenatus
,
or
Rhene
,
grandchild
to
Rhence
,
King
of
Sicily
had
obtained
by
right
of
succession
the
Dutchie
of
Lorrain
:
He
by
the
French
King's
instigation
,
declares
war
against
Burgundy
,
and
pillaged
a
party
of
Luxemburg
which
belonged
to
him
.
The
Burgundian
is
now
full
of
troubles
,
for
the
French
King
takes
divers
of
his
Towns
:
Mean
while
the
Constable
of
France
lost
his
wife
,
the
King's
sister
,
by
which
he
began
to
be
more
in
danger
of
the
King
then
before
,
who
for
his
sisters
sake
winked
at
many
things
.
Wherefore
to
procure
the
Duke
of
Burgundie's
favour
,
he
desires
the
Duke
to
The
King
invites
the
Constable
to
make
war
upon
Henault
,
which
he
refused
to
do
,
because
he
knew
King
Lewis
meant
to
take
away
his
life
;
the
King
upon
this
desires
to
speak
with
him
;
he
returns
answer
,
that
if
the
King
would
swear
upon
the
Cross
of
Saint
La●…
.
which
is
in
the
Church
of
Angers
,
to
do
him
no
harm
by
himself
or
any
other
,
he
would
come
.
Now
the
Tradition
was
,
that
whosoever
swore
on
that
Crosse
,
and
perjured
himself
,
should
die
within
a
year
after
;
the
King
would
upon
no
tearms
sweare
,
which
increased
the
Constables
jealousie
.
Mean
while
the
King
of
England
comes
with
an
Army
to
Callis
upon
Burgundies
invitation
,
who
had
now
laid
siege
to
Nuz
a
whole
year
,
but
at
last
he
riseth
upon
the
perswasions
of
the
King
of
England
,
and
the
Popes
Legat
;
who
procured
that
during
the
difference
concerning
the
Bishoprick
of
Colen
,
Nuz
should
remain
depositat
in
the
Popes
hands
,
then
Burgundy
sends
his
Army
to
quarter
in
Lorrain
,
purposly
to
vex
Duke
Rene.
Burgundy
is
invited
again
by
the
Constable
to
seise
on
Saint
Quintin
;
some
English
to
this
purpose
are
sent
before
,
who
being
beaten
off
from
the
Town
with
great
Ordnance
,
disheartned
King
Edward
from
any
further
attempt
.
In
the
interim
whilst
Burgundy
was
gone
to
Lorrain
for
his
Army
,
to
joyn
with
the
English
:
a
peace
is
propounded
between
France
and
England
,
which
so
much
disquieted
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
that
he
sends
Letters
to
the
King
of
England
full
of
gall
,
accusing
his
ingratitude
towards
him
,
who
of
a
poor
banished
man
had
made
him
King.
The
French
King
mean
while
Courts
the
Constable
with
smooth
Letters
:
One
time
the
Constable
sent
a
messenger
to
the
King
,
who
being
called
into
the
Kings
Chamber
,
where
some
of
Burgundies
chief
servants
were
hid
behind
the
Hangings
,
told
the
King
openly
that
the
Constable
had
wrought
so
with
King
Edward
,
and
Duke
Charls
,
that
they
were
quite
parted
,
and
At
last
after
long
deliberation
,
he
resolves
to
cast
himself
upon
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
as
being
easier
to
be
appeased
then
the
King
,
therefore
retires
himself
into
Henault
to
those
that
commanded
there
under
the
Duke
,
who
was
then
before
Nancy
,
hoping
to
take
it
,
and
to
be
Master
of
all
that
Dutchie
:
Thither
came
some
Messengers
from
the
King
,
demanding
according
to
agreements
,
the
Constable
;
the
Duke
who
also
understood
that
the
King
had
now
an
Army
upon
the
borders
of
Campaigne
,
was
in
doubt
what
to
do
:
To
deliver
the
Constable
was
Treachery
,
to
retain
him
,
dangerous
,
and
a
means
to
loose
his
hopes
of
Nancy
,
therefore
sends
order
,
that
on
such
a
day
the
Constable
should
be
delivered
to
the
French
,
hoping
before
that
time
,
Nancy
would
be
taken
,
and
then
he
would
recall
his
Warrant
;
but
the
day
being
come
,
the
Constable
is
delivered
up
,
and
carried
away
;
and
within
three
houres
after
,
Newes
came
that
Nancy
was
taken
:
The
Constable
who
had
delivered
up
Saint
Quintin
,
and
other
places
to
the
Burgundian
,
is
Beheaded
at
Paris
;
But
after
this
,
the
Dukes
affaires
never
prospered
.
Sigismund
Duke
of
Austria
,
had
by
the
help
of
the
Switzers
retaken
Kerreth
from
Duke
Charls
:
Wherefore
he
denounceth
Warre
against
them
.
They
humbly
desire
peace
,
and
promise
all
faithfull
service
to
the
Duke
,
if
he
will
entertain
them
;
They
assisted
Sigismund
,
onely
to
recover
his
Right
;
they
shew
also
the
poverty
of
their
Countrey
,
not
worthie
to
be
Conquered
;
But
he
goeth
on
in
his
resolutions
,
and
would
not
be
disswaded
from
this
Warre
;
he
raiseth
a
formidable
Army
,
hoping
not
onely
to
subjugate
the
Switzers
,
but
also
to
make
himself
great
in
Italy
,
because
Frederick
,
Prince
of
Tarentum
,
son
to
Ferdinand
,
King
of
Naples
,
was
come
to
marry
his
daughter
;
besides
old
Rene
of
Anjou
,
King
of
Sicily
,
had
promised
to
quit
his
right
in
Sicily
to
Duke
Charles
,
and
would
also
put
into
his
hands
the
Countie
of
Provence
,
having
now
no
sonnes
of
his
owne
.
The
Duke
of
Millan
fearing
the
Burgundian
greatness
,
sends
to
confirm
his
League
with
France
.
The
King
of
Portugall
nearly
allied
to
Duke
Charles
,
comes
to
France
to
procure
a
generall
peace
.
The
old
King
of
Sicily
also
comes
to
see
his
Nephew
King
Lewis
.
Mean
while
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
takes
Lausanne
from
the
Switzers
;
and
shortly
after
Granson
,
where
he
hanged
five
hundred
and
twelve
Switzers
,
which
so
inraged
the
rest
of
that
Nation
;
that
they
raised
a
great
Army
,
fought
and
defeated
the
Duke
,
took
all
his
Baggage
and
ammunition
,
regained
Granson
,
unhanged
and
buried
their
Countrey
men
,
and
hanged
as
many
Burgundians
as
they
found
in
the
Towne
.
The
Duke
having
recollected
his
dispersed
Forces
,
and
raised
new
,
sends
to
Flanders
for
a
supply
of
money
,
which
was
promised
if
the
Dukes
person
or
Dominions
were
in
danger
,
but
not
on
a
Warre
so
remote
and
needless
:
Notwithstanding
he
returns
with
a
new
Army
,
and
besiegeth
Morat
.
Rene
Duke
of
Lorrain
then
in
France
,
is
made
Generall
of
the
Switzers
,
against
Duke
Charles
their
Common
Enemy
,
having
obtained
money
and
men
from
King
Lewis
;
because
he
was
to
pass
through
the
Burgundian
Territories
to
the
Switzers
.
A
second
battel
is
fought
,
and
a
second
overthrow
given
to
the
Duke
,
21
days
after
the
first
.
The
Dukes
high
spirit
could
not
be
broken
with
this
misfortune
,
but
swelled
bigger
,
raging
to
be
twice
beaten
by
a
young
unskilfull
Prince
,
and
a
base
beggarly
people
as
he
called
them
;
whereas
he
had
beaten
so
great
Potentates
heretofore
,
resolves
to
have
the
third
incounter
with
them
.
In
the
interim
,
by
the
Switzers
help
,
Lorrain
is
restored
again
to
his
own
Countrey
with
great
joy
:
Duke
Charles
could
not
be
disswaded
by
the
King
of
Portugall
,
nor
his
other
Friends
,
from
fighting
again
with
the
Switzers
,
nor
beleeve
that
King
Lewis
had
all
this
while
contrary
to
the
peace
aided
Lorrain
with
men
and
money
,
obstinately
goeth
again
with
a
Fresh
Army
,
and
besiegeth
Nancy
in
the
dead
of
Winter
,
where
he
lost
both
his
Army
and
life
.
The
newes
of
which
was
so
welcome
to
the
French
King
,
that
he
gave
the
Messenger
one
hundred
and
fifty
Marks
of
Silver
;
after
his
death
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
beeing
of
great
Power
and
wealthie
,
puts
into
the
Kings
hand
,
both
the
Dutchie
and
Countie
of
Burgundy
,
for
the
flower
of
the
Nobility
was
killed
in
the
last
three
Battels
:
so
little
resistance
could
be
feared
:
The
King
comes
with
an
Army
into
Piccardie
,
and
regains
his
Towns
there
,
which
the
Duke
had
kept
from
him
.
Mean
while
Mary
the
Duke's
heir
and
onely
daughter
,
sends
Ambassadors
to
the
King
,
desiring
him
to
remove
his
Army
from
her
borders
,
and
shewing
that
by
the
Salique
Law
of
France
,
she
could
not
be
excluded
from
the
Counties
of
Flanders
,
Artois
,
and
the
adjacent
places
,
that
he
ought
to
protect
and
not
injure
a
young
Lady
and
Orphan
,
who
would
make
a
fitter
match
for
his
son
the
Dolphin
,
then
the
daughter
of
England
can
.
These
Ambassadors
having
goods
and
lands
in
those
places
which
the
King
had
taken
,
in
favour
of
themseves
complyed
in
some
things
with
the
King.
Philip
Crevecure
Governor
of
Artois
is
absolved
by
King
Lewis
from
his
Oath
of
Allegeance
to
Duke
Charls
;
so
that
he
becomes
now
servant
wholly
to
the
French
,
by
his
means
the
King
recovers
Arras
,
and
Boulongue
.
The
King
sends
to
Princess
Mary
his
Barbar
,
one
Oliver
,
to
perswade
her
privatly
to
put
her self
under
the
protection
of
France
,
from
whence
she
is
both
by
the
Father
and
Mother
:
The
Princess
was
then
at
Gaunt
,
of
whom
the
Townesmen
were
so
carefull
,
that
they
suffered
none
to
speak
with
her
in
privat
;
wherefore
the
Barbar
being
suspected
,
was
commanded
to
depart
thence
,
who
presently
retired
to
Turnay
,
where
he
carried
himself
so
cunningly
,
that
he
got
thirty
of
the
stoutest
there
to
aid
him
upon
all
occasions
,
wherefore
he
writes
secretly
to
the
Captains
of
the
next
Garisons
,
that
they
fail
not
to
be
at
Turnay
by
break
of
day
the
next
morning
,
which
was
done
;
so
one
of
the
Gates
was
opened
,
they
were
let
in
,
and
the
Town
taken
.
Upon
this
the
Gantois
assemble
the
States
of
Flanders
,
who
appoint
a
Counsell
for
governing
the
Princess
:
Then
they
send
Ambassadors
to
France
,
to
acquaint
the
King
,
that
the
Princess
had
condescended
to
be
ruled
altogether
by
their
Counsell
.
The
King
willing
to
make
dissention
between
the
Flemins
and
the
Princess
Mary's
Counsellers
,
assures
the
Gantois
that
their
Chancellor
Hugonet
,
brought
him
Letters
from
their
Lady
quite
contrary
to
what
they
said
;
wherefore
when
the
Ambassadors
were
returned
to
Gaunt
,
the
Chancellor
Hugonet
is
accused
of
Treason
,
and
of
the
loss
of
Arras
,
and
so
is
beheaded
.
Shortly
after
this
,
the
Gantois
sets
at
liberty
the
Duke
of
Gelders
son
,
who
had
been
imprisoned
there
by
Duke
Charls
of
Burgundy
,
him
they
imploy
to
regain
Tournay
:
But
the
King's
Garison
there
sallies
out
upon
him
,
defeats
his
Forces
,
and
kills
him
on
the
place
.
Arras
hoping
to
be
aided
by
the
Gantois
,
rebelled
against
the
King
,
but
he
shortly
reduced
them
again
,
and
sends
away
the
Inhabitants
to
another
part
of
the
Kingdome
,
and
planted
French
men
there
.
About
this
time
,
Maximilian
the
Emperors
son
comes
into
Flanders
,
and
matcheth
with
the
Princess
Mary
:
A
little
before
the
Prince
of
Orange
who
had
hitherto
complied
with
the
French
upon
hope
to
recover
by
the
King
,
his
Grandfathers
lands
detained
from
him
by
Duke
Charls
;
and
now
perceiving
he
was
deluded
,
raiseth
Forces
,
and
fights
the
Governor
,
one
thousand
men
are
slain
on
both
sides
:
hereupon
a
great
part
of
the
Countrey
revolts
from
the
King
,
but
Charls
of
Ambois
the
new
Governour
sent
by
the
King
,
recovers
in
a
short
time
the
Towns
that
had
rebelled
,
and
burned
Dole
;
and
now
the
King
began
to
entertain
the
Switzers
,
6000
whereof
he
kept
in
pay
continually
,
and
put
down
the
Archers
instituted
by
Charls
7.
Great
troubles
arise
in
Millan
upon
the
death
of
Duke
Gabeas
,
who
was
murthered
in
a
Church
:
Hele●…
one
son
very
young
,
Robert
of
Saint
Severin
the
Duke's
next
kinsman
,
labours
to
perswade
the
French
King
to
attempt
Italy
,
but
he
was
unwilling
,
because
the
French
could
never
enjoy
any
thing
they
got
there
,
nor
could
he
ever
send
Forces
to
aid
the
Florentins
his
allies
,
but
still
they
were
set
upon
by
Pope
Sixtus
,
and
Ferdinand
King
of
Naples
;
yet
to
intimidat
the
Pope
,
he
calls
a
Gallican
Synod
at
Orleans
,
to
advise
about
the
reestablishing
of
the
Pragmatick
Sanction
in
France
,
and
abolishing
the
power
of
sending
money
thence
to
Rome
for
bulls
;
but
here
was
nothing
concluded
:
The
next
year
they
meet
again
at
Lions
;
mean
while
the
Pope
revokes
his
censures
against
the
Florentins
,
absolves
and
makes
peace
with
them
.
The
Kings
Ambassador
returning
from
Florence
,
goeth
for
Millan
,
where
he
receiveth
in
the
Kings
name
the
homage
due
to
him
from
Bonne
,
the
Dutchess
in
behalf
of
her
young
son
,
for
Genua
,
whereof
he
was
then
Lord
,
and
which
held
of
the
Crown
of
France
.
At
that
time
Province
fell
to
the
French
King
by
the
death
of
Rene
King
of
Sicily
.
in
whom
the
male
kinde
of
the
house
of
Anjou
failed
,
wherefore
Anjou
and
Main
return
to
the
King
and
Province
also
,
by
the
last
will
of
Rene
,
of
which
young
Rene
Duke
of
Lorrain
complained
.
In
the
interim
Maximilian
fights
the
French
at
Ter●…venne
,
defeats
them
,
and
becomes
Master
of
the
place
:
King
Lewis
not
willing
to
hazard
any
more
upon
uncertain
battels
,
desires
peace
,
which
was
obtained
by
the
death
of
Mary
the
Dutchess
,
Maximilians
wife
,
who
left
two
young
children
,
Philip
and
Margaret
,
the
Gantois
who
undertook
the
tuition
of
the
young
children
,
offer
the
French
King
,
that
if
he
would
quit
his
allyance
with
England
,
young
Princess
Margaret
now
three
years
old
,
should
be
conveyed
into
France
to
be
betrothed
to
the
Dolphin
,
with
whom
in
marriage
should
be
given
the
Counties
of
Artois
and
Burgundy
:
To
this
the
King
assented
.
The
peace
is
concluded
,
and
the
banished
Artoisuns
returned
again
to
Aras
,
which
since
the
banishment
was
new-named
French
Town
:
Not
long
after
this
,
King
Lewis
being
sickly
and
60
years
old
(
an
age
which
none
of
his
predecessors
since
Hugh
Capiel
the
first
King
CHAP.
XXIII
.
The
prosecution
of
the
History
under
Charls
8.
Lewis
12.
Francis
1.
Henry
2.
Francis
2.
Charls
8.
Henry
3.
Henry
4.
Lewis
13.
from
the
year
1483.
〈◊〉
1633.
wherein
the
lives
of
the
Popes
,
the
affairs
of
Italy
,
Spain
,
and
other
bordering
Countries
are
touched
.
TO
Lewis
11.
succeeded
his
son
Charls
8.
at
13
years
of
age
,
whom
his
Father
would
suffer
none
to
see
,
but
his
domestick
servants
,
nor
learn
any
more
Latin
but
this
sentence
,
qui
nescit
dissimulare
,
&c.
He
that
cannot
dissemble
,
cannot
reigne
.
In
the
beginning
of
his
reigne
he
calls
a
Parliament
at
Toures
,
where
each
man
had
liberty
to
speak
,
which
was
denied
by
the
former
King
;
here
complaints
are
made
against
him
(
though
dead
)
for
infringing
their
Liberties
,
and
antient
Customs
,
with
the
Taxes
laid
on
them
.
Among
other
things
that
were
desired
,
the
Pragmatick
Sanction
is
much
urged
,
and
received
.
It
is
ordered
that
Anne
the
Kings
eldest
sister
should
have
the
charge
of
his
person
,
and
a
Counsell
of
twelve
men
to
rule
the
Kingdome
;
some
would
have
had
Lewis
Duke
of
Orleans
,
first
Prince
of
the
blood
,
to
be
Governour
;
but
that
motion
was
rejected
,
because
he
was
too
young
,
being
twenty
four
years
old
onely
,
and
under
his
mothers
tuition
:
He
thinking
himself
wronged
by
being
rejected
from
the
government
,
endeavoured
to
force
it
,
therefore
began
to
raise
men
at
his
own
Town
of
Orleans
,
and
to
make
that
the
seat
of
the
War
;
which
the
Townsmen
perceiving
,
shut
their
Gates
against
him
:
so
he
was
forced
to
retire
,
and
raise
forces
elsewhere
,
which
when
he
had
done
,
were
presently
scattered
by
the
Kings
Proclamation
:
therefore
this
was
called
the
foolish
War.
In
Britany
Peter
Laudais
the
Dukes
great
Favorite
,
was
extreamly
hated
,
both
for
being
suspected
of
the
Chancelors
death
,
and
for
his
greatness
with
the
Duke
;
therefore
the
Nobility
of
that
Province
conspire
against
Laudais
,
whom
they
thought
to
apprehend
in
the
Dukes
Bed-chamber
,
but
he
had
escaped
by
a
back
door
;
a
great
commotion
is
in
the
Town
,
thinking
the
D.
had
been
slain
;
but
it
was
appeased
,
by
his
presence
exhibited
to
the
people
.
Things
being
quieted
,
these
Noble
men
that
occasioned
this
uproar
,
are
banished
;
and
Laudais
in
greater
favour
then
ever
:
So
that
an
order
is
made
for
pulling
down
the
Houses
and
Castles
of
all
that
had
a
hand
in
this
conspiracy
;
For
effecting
of
which
,
an
Army
is
raised
:
The
banished
Lords
understanding
this
,
return
to
Britany
,
and
raise
an
Army
of
their
faction
.
But
when
the
two
Armies
met
,
they
bethought
themselves
to
be
all
of
the
same
Country
and
Language
,
fling
down
their
Arms
in
pity
,
and
lovingly
imbrace
each
other
,
turning
all
their
hatred
against
Laudais
,
whom
they
understood
was
in
the
Castle
of
Nantes
;
they
resolve
then
to
pull
him
out
of
the
Dukes
Arms
;
yet
by
general
consent
they
choose
a
new
Chancelour
,
whom
they
sent
to
acquaint
the
Duke
,
that
the
peoples
fury
could
not
bee
satisfied
without
the
life
of
Laudais
,
yet
promising
that
he
should
have
a
fair
Triall
according
to
Law.
So
he
was
apprehended
,
imprisoned
,
and
attached
of
many
hainous
crimes
,
for
which
he
was
condemned
,
and
hanged
,
before
the
Duke
knew
his
Trial
was
begun
,
who
otherwise
meant
to
have
pardoned
him
;
this
exasperated
the
Duke
more
then
before
:
so
he
chooseth
a
new
Chancelor
.
About
this
time
the
Duke
of
Orleans
comes
into
Britany
,
with
a
great
Train
,
which
so
much
dismaid
the
Lords
,
that
they
repaired
to
the
French
King
;
then
went
out
a
report
,
that
Orleans
meant
to
repudiate
his
crooked
wife
,
the
Kings
sister
,
whom
he
was
forced
to
mary
,
and
resolved
to
have
for
his
wife
,
Anne
the
Duke
of
Britains
only
daughter
and
heir
.
The
exiled
Lords
striving
to
live
securely
in
their
own
countrey
,
provoke
the
King
to
raise
Arms
against
the
Duke
of
Britany
,
promising
their
best
service
and
assistance
,
which
they
did
so
well
,
that
suddenly
entring
Britany
,
they
caused
many
Towns
to
yeild
to
the
King
,
taking
many
prisoners
,
of
whom
they
exacted
great
ransoms
.
The
Britains
that
were
for
the
Duke
,
having
made
a
Body
of
six
hundred
Horse
,
and
sixteen
thousand
Foot
,
were
marching
against
the
Enemy
,
to
relieve
Plermel
,
then
besieged
;
but
in
their
march
,
one
of
the
Army
stood
up
,
and
wished
them
to
consider
that
their
Duke
was
altogether
ruled
by
the
French
,
and
yet
they
were
marching
against
the
French
;
and
that
therefore
it
were
best
every
man
should
return
to
his
own
home
,
and
live
quietly
.
Upon
this
they
all
disbanded
.
Plermel
is
taken
;
so
is
Venues
,
without
blow
.
Nantes
is
besieged
forty
six
days
;
from
which
they
rise
,
having
done
nothing
,
and
with
fire
and
sword
they
rage
over
all
the
countrey
,
driving
away
all
the
cattle
;
at
which
the
Britain
Lords
murmure
,
saying
,
they
were
better
return
to
their
Duke
,
who
had
proffered
pardon
to
them
,
and
enjoyment
of
their
goods
,
then
to
be
thus
used
by
the
French.
So
then
they
began
daily
to
fall
off
from
the
Kings
army
Divers
Towns
also
revolt
from
the
King
,
to
the
Duke
;
some
of
which
are
re-taken
again
by
the
French.
This
miserable
condition
of
Britany
made
the
Duke
send
Embassadors
to
the
King
,
being
then
eighteen
years
of
age
.
They
found
him
at
Angers
,
to
whom
Count
Dunois
remonstrates
the
miserable
condition
of
Britany
,
and
that
the
Duke
never
intended
any
War
against
France
,
English
Britains
;
the
Town
at
last
was
surrendred
upon
Articles
,
that
the
Garrison
should
depart
with
their
lives
and
goods
.
Then
followed
a
Skirmish
,
between
the
French
and
Britains
,
in
which
one
thousand
two
hundred
on
both
sides
were
killed
,
the
Duke
of
Orleans
,
and
Prince
of
Orange
are
taken
prisoners
.
At
last
the
Peace
is
concluded
,
upon
this
condition
,
that
the
French
shall
retain
what
Towns
they
had
taken
in
Britany
.
Shortly
after
,
the
Duke
died
,
whose
only
daughter
King
Charles
of
France
afterward
maried
,
having
About
this
time
,
Christopher
Columbus
,
a
Sea-man
of
Genua
,
understood
by
a
Shipwrackt
Mariner
,
that
in
the
Western
Sea
there
were
some
Lands
;
Neapolitans
,
Lewis
Sfortia
,
and
Pope
Alexander
,
now
angry
with
Alphonsus
,
incourage
King
Charles
to
make
an
Expedition
into
Italy
,
which
he
undertakes
,
with
an
Army
of
twenty
thousand
Foot
,
and
five
thousand
Horse
,
having
no
opposition
;
for
Maximilians
anger
was
pacified
for
the
losse
of
the
daughter
of
Britany
,
by
marying
with
Blanca
Maria
,
sister
to
Iohn
Galeas
,
Duke
of
Millan
.
Ferdinand
of
Spain
,
was
beholding
to
the
French
for
restoring
Perpenian
;
the
cities
of
Italy
were
not
against
him
;
the
Florentins
help
him
with
mony
;
Iohn
Galeas
Duke
of
Millan
was
now
dead
,
and
his
Uncle
Sfortia
succeeded
,
who
made
no
resistance
;
only
Pope
Alexander
being
reconciled
to
Alphonsus
,
entertains
his
son
Ferdinand
,
with
his
whole
Army
at
Rome
:
But
understanding
that
all
things
succeeded
well
with
Charles
,
and
that
he
had
gotten
Viterbium
,
he
dismisseth
the
Neapolitans
,
and
receiveth
Charles
into
the
city
;
having
first
for
safety
retired
to
the
Castle
of
S.
Anhelo
,
being
guilty
of
his
own
crimes
,
which
he
redeems
by
large
Bribes
given
,
and
promises
made
to
King
Charles
,
to
whom
all
the
Lewis
Sfortia
is
included
,
for
he
was
now
angry
with
the
French
for
the
loss
of
Novaria
,
taken
from
him
by
Lewis
Duke
of
Orleans
.
Charles
hearing
what
preparations
were
against
him
,
hastneth
out
of
Italy
,
having
exhausted
the
kingdom
of
Naples
;
but
before
his
departure
,
Ferdinand
of
Spain
had
fortified
Rhegium
in
Calabria
;
and
shortly
after
the
Arragonians
,
with
some
Sicilian
Forces
,
recover
all
Calabria
,
and
Apulia
.
Charles
his
Army
now
consisted
but
of
nine
thousand
,
a
part
whereof
he
sent
to
Sena
,
for
a
Garison
,
and
some
Troops
he
dismisseth
for
Genua
.
The
Florentîns
now
were
angry
with
him
,
because
he
would
not
restore
the
Towns
they
put
in
his
hands
;
the
Venetians
and
Sfortians
fight
him
,
but
are
worsted
.
Charles
indeed
got
the
Victory
;
but
shortly
after
lost
all
his
booty
,
being
caried
away
by
the
Mercenary
Greeks
,
under
the
Venetian
:
so
the
French
return
home
,
having
brought
nothing
with
them
but
the
Neapolitan
disease
,
which
the
Spaniards
conveyed
thither
from
America
.
Novaria
is
besieged
by
the
confederates
,
where
two
thousand
French
lost
their
lives
by
famine
.
At
last
the
Town
is
surrendred
,
upon
condition
the
besieged
should
have
their
lives
,
and
peace
should
be
made
with
Sfortia
,
and
the
Venetians
.
A
Peace
indeed
was
made
,
but
of
no
force
;
for
Sfortia
did
not
according
to
the
Articles
send
aid
into
France
,
but
rather
assisted
Ferdinand
.
Nor
would
the
Venetians
admit
any
other
conditions
then
these
,
to
wit
,
that
Charles
should
make
War
against
the
Turk
,
and
leave
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
to
Ferdinand
,
he
paying
an
yearly
Tribute
.
The
French
that
were
left
in
Italy
,
fell
off
to
Ferdinand
,
to
whom
they
delivered
up
their
strong
Holds
;
so
that
of
twenty
five
thousand
,
few
returned
home
,
and
those
very
infirm
.
Ferdinand
at
the
siege
of
Cajeta
,
died
of
a
Feaver
,
having
lost
his
father
not
long
before
,
whose
brother
Frederick
undertook
the
government
of
Naples
;
so
that
in
two
years
Naples
saw
five
Kings
;
to
wit
,
Ferdinand
,
Alphonsus
,
Ferdinand
2.
Charles
of
France
,
and
Frederick
;
many
disasters
befell
the
House
of
Spain
in
a
short
time
.
Ferdinand
of
Spain
his
onely
son
died
,
his
sons
wife
,
Maximilians
daughter
,
is
brought
to
bed
of
a
dead
child
,
his
son
in
Law
Alphonsus
,
the
King
of
Portugals
son
,
is
killed
with
a
fall
from
his
Horse
;
his
daughter
,
who
was
maried
to
Emanuel
,
cousin
German
of
Alphonsus
now
named
,
died
in
child-bed
:
so
the
inheritance
falls
to
Ioan
,
who
was
maried
to
Philip.
Nor
did
King
Charles
prosper
with
his
unlawfull
mariage
;
for
he
left
never
a
child
to
inherit
his
Crown
:
He
died
suddenly
of
an
Apoplexy
.
At
Amboise
his
death
was
foretold
by
Savonarila
,
whom
the
Florentins
burned
,
for
being
too
free
in
reproving
the
vices
of
the
Clergy
.
At
To
Charles
8.
succeeded
his
cousin
German
Lewis
12.
who
laid
claim
not
onely
to
Naples
,
but
to
Millan
also
,
by
his
Grandmother
,
the
daughter
of
Iohn
Galeas
;
therefore
he
makes
a
League
with
the
Pope
,
Venetian
,
Florentin
,
and
Ferdinand
King
of
Spain
,
against
Lewis
Sfortia
of
Millan
,
and
Frederick
of
Naples
.
It
was
then
agreed
,
that
if
Lewis
obtained
Millan
,
Cremona
should
be
delivered
to
the
Venetians
,
and
that
Cesar
Borgia
,
the
Popes
son
,
who
by
marying
Carlotta
,
the
French
Kings
Cousin
,
had
laid
aside
his
Cardinals
Hat
,
should
obtain
Aemilia
,
Flaminia
,
Picenum
,
and
Umbria
,
to
the
ruine
of
the
right
and
ancient
owners
,
and
that
the
King
of
Spain
and
France
,
should
divide
the
Kingdome
of
Naples
between
them
.
Thus
Charles
,
with
a
puissant
Army
,
drives
Sfortia
out
of
his
Dukedom
:
so
Borgia
by
turning
out
,
or
killing
the
Princes
of
Aemilia
,
and
Hetruria
,
obtains
a
large
dominion
in
Italy
,
under
whose
tyranny
many
execrable
oppressions
and
villanies
were
perpetrated
.
This
Pope
Alexander
bestowes
on
Ferdinand
of
Spain
,
the
West
,
and
on
Iohn
of
Portugal
,
the
East
-
Indies
:
to
Iohn
in
Portugall
,
succeeded
Emanuel
,
son
to
his
Uncle
Ferdinand
.
Americus
Vesputius
,
a
Florentin
,
discovered
then
the
continent
of
America
,
so
called
from
him
,
for
the
use
of
Ferdinand
of
Spain
.
Sfortia
with
the
Pope
,
and
Venetians
,
desires
Cesars
help
against
the
insulting
French
;
he
upon
promise
of
mony
,
marcheth
unto
Italy
,
but
for
want
of
pay
,
speedily
returns
again
,
and
makes
peace
with
King
Lewis
,
who
entring
Millan
,
in
great
splendor
,
was
called
Duke
of
Lombardy
;
but
Ascanius
the
Cardinal
,
Sfortia's
brother
,
in
short
time
recovers
what
was
lost
,
by
reason
the
insubrians
could
not
endure
the
French
insolencies
.
King
Lewis
upon
this
raiseth
a
new
Army
,
among
which
were
six
thousand
Switzers
Cesar
counselled
Sfortia
to
use
no
Helvetians
,
but
Savoyens
in
his
Army
,
which
wholesome
advice
was
rejected
,
and
he
thereby
ruined
;
for
when
the
two
Armies
met
,
the
Sfortian
Switzers
would
not
fight
against
the
French
Switzers
,
their
Countrey
men
,
but
shook
hands
,
and
left
Sfortia
for
a
prey
to
the
French
,
who
took
him
prisoner
,
as
the
Venetians
did
his
brother
the
Cardinal
,
both
these
pined
away
in
a
French
prison
.
Pope
Alexander
this
year
keeps
his
Jubilee
,
and
sets
up
again
the
Angel
on
his
Castle
at
Rome
,
which
the
Thunder
had
beat
down
:
the
next
year
after
,
Cesar
,
Spain
,
France
,
Ferrara
,
and
Mantua
;
but
afterward
upon
their
humble
submission
,
without
Cesars
knowledge
,
and
against
the
French
Kings
will
,
he
departs
from
the
League
and
makes
peace
with
the
Venetians
,
and
withall
falls
upon
Alphonsus
,
Duke
of
Ferrara
,
for
siding
with
the
French.
Cesar
and
King
Lewis
raging
at
the
Popes
insolencie
,
by
means
of
the
Cardinals
,
call
a
Synod
at
Pisae
,
whether
he
is
cited
to
appear
;
and
withall
they
take
from
him
Bononia
,
and
Mirandula
.
He
again
to
cross
these
Cardinals
,
convocates
a
Synod
at
Rome
,
and
excommunicates
those
that
refuse
to
come
;
he
stirs
up
also
Ferdinand
against
Cesar
and
the
French
,
and
calls
him
off
from
his
African
Victories
,
who
having
imposed
a
Tribute
upon
the
Numidians
,
transports
his
Army
into
Italy
,
where
he
took
in
some
strong
Forts
;
with
him
Henry
8.
of
England
,
is
perswaded
to
join
,
being
the
Spaniards
son
in
law
;
but
Henry
intends
to
recover
his
right
in
Guien
:
on
the
other
side
the
Spaniard
thrusts
Iohn
of
Navarre
out
of
his
kingdome
,
because
being
in
League
with
France
,
he
denyed
passage
to
the
Spaniard
,
and
his
Army
.
Pope
Iulius
also
calls
the
Switzers
into
Italy
,
and
makes
Iohn
Medices
,
banished
out
of
Florence
,
his
Legate
;
he
caused
a
rumour
to
be
spread
,
that
Maximilian
,
and
the
Venetians
,
were
agreed
purposely
that
the
Brixians
,
who
hated
the
French
,
might
deliver
the
Town
to
the
Venetians
,
which
they
did
,
not
without
a
great
massacring
of
the
French
:
But
shortly
after
,
the
French
recover
the
Town
again
,
kill
the
Venetian
Garison
,
and
make
a
sacrifice
of
the
Townsmen
.
King
Lewis
finding
his
kingdome
vexed
on
both
sides
by
the
Spanish
and
English
,
he
resolves
to
make
Italy
the
seat
of
the
War
;
therefore
he
besiegeth
Ravenna
;
the
Pontificians
and
Spaniards
come
to
raise
the
siege
;
a
great
battel
is
fought
on
Easter
day
,
which
proved
victorious
to
the
Cesarians
and
French
,
who
slew
nine
thousand
of
the
Enemy
,
and
lost
three
thousand
of
their
own
party
.
The
Viceroy
of
Naples
fled
,
Iohn
Medices
is
taken
,
Foxius
the
French
General
,
was
killed
,
in
whose
Funeral
eighteen
Colours
taken
from
the
Spaniards
,
were
caried
;
divers
Towns
submit
to
the
French.
Not
long
after
this
,
Pope
Iulius
causeth
the
League
between
Cesar
and
the
French
,
to
be
broken
.
Maximilian
sides
with
Iulius
and
Ferdinand
,
he
raiseth
an
Army
of
Switzers
,
who
were
incensed
against
the
French
,
for
killing
of
their
Agent
;
by
their
means
the
French
lose
Millan
,
which
they
had
possessed
thirteen
years
,
and
bring
back
Maximilian
Sfortia
,
the
son
of
Lewis
.
The
French
King
is
proscribed
by
the
Pope
,
who
notwithstanding
returns
to
Millan
with
a
fresh
Army
,
which
was
utterly
defeated
by
the
Switzers
,
and
the
French
driven
quite
out
of
Italy
.
The
Fathers
of
the
Councel
of
Pisa
,
for
fear
of
the
Switzers
,
remove
to
Lions
:
Mean
while
the
Pope
and
his
party
seize
upon
divers
Cities
of
Italy
,
by
the
Helvetian
help
.
But
when
Venice
refused
to
restore
to
Cesar
,
Verona
and
Vicentia
,
then
the
Pope
makes
a
League
with
him
against
the
Venetians
,
and
they
with
Lewis
against
the
Pope
and
Spaniard
.
But
when
Iulius
saw
that
the
Spaniard
and
French
were
like
to
agree
,
Iohn
Medices
,
the
Popes
Legat
,
who
had
been
banished
Florence
,
and
taken
prisoner
in
the
late
wars
at
Ravenna
.
He
is
now
called
Leo
the
tenth
;
it
was
this
Iulius
who
flung
Peters
keys
into
Tibris
,
and
drew
Pauls
sword
.
Leo
gave
way
that
the
stones
which
were
hewn
by
day
,
for
repairing
Saint
Peters
Church
,
begun
by
Iulius
,
should
be
caried
away
in
the
night
for
the
great
Palace
of
the
Medices
at
Florence
.
He
procured
Lewis
12.
to
leave
off
all
Reformation
of
the
Church
,
and
to
subscribe
to
the
Councel
of
Lateran
;
he
reconciled
the
Cardinals
that
fell
off
from
Iulius
;
he
was
much
indebted
to
his
sister
,
but
paid
her
out
of
the
indulgence
mony
.
About
this
time
Lewis
makes
Peace
with
England
,
repudiates
his
wife
Anne
of
Britany
,
and
marieth
another
,
and
shortly
after
died
.
To
Lewis
succeeded
by
the
Salic
Law
,
Francis
Valois
,
his
next
kinsman
and
son
in
Law
:
He
enters
into
League
with
England
and
Venice
,
and
obtains
Millan
,
having
first
defeated
the
Switzers
:
the
Pope
having
lost
Parma
and
Placentia
,
makes
peace
with
Francis
,
and
condescends
to
confirm
by
his
Bul
,
whomsoever
the
King
should
name
in
France
,
for
Bishop
or
Abbot
.
King
Ferdinand
the
Catholick
,
being
dead
,
and
his
heir
Charles
,
Prince
of
Belgium
;
Maximilian
knowing
how
needful
the
friendship
of
France
was
,
gives
off
the
Venetian
war
,
and
makes
peace
with
Francis.
The
Pope
takes
Urbin
from
Francis
Feltrius
;
causeth
Petruccius
the
Cardinal
for
plotting
against
him
,
to
be
strangled
,
and
those
that
knew
the
plot
,
to
be
deposed
:
For
compleating
the
Senate
,
he
makes
at
one
time
thirty
one
Cardinals
,
by
which
means
he
enriched
himself
.
Upon
the
falling
off
of
the
Switzers
from
the
French
,
Millan
was
re-taken
,
and
restored
to
Francis
Sfortia
,
Maximilians
brother
.
The
Pope
recovers
Parma
and
Placentia
,
with
joy
of
which
,
or
rather
with
poison
,
he
suddenly
died
;
to
whom
succeeded
Hadrian
6.
of
Utricht
,
Charls
Cesars
Tutor
;
but
the
next
year
after
his
Election
,
he
died
.
King
Francis
upon
the
commotions
of
Spain
,
regained
almost
all
the
kingdom
of
Navarre
,
and
sends
great
Armies
into
Italy
,
for
recovering
of
Millan
,
which
he
took
,
and
is
not
long
after
taken
himself
.
Having
besieged
Papia
,
and
separated
his
Medices
.
Genua
submits
to
the
French
,
who
besiege
the
Viceroy
of
Naples
,
being
then
in
Naples
;
the
Viceroy
of
Sicily
is
defeated
by
Auria
;
but
whilst
the
French
were
in
hope
to
take
Naples
,
they
were
so
wasted
with
sickness
,
which
swept
away
20000
of
them
,
that
they
were
forced
to
be
gone
who
were
left
;
their
General
also
Lautrecus
died
.
To
Pope
Clemens
succeeded
Alexander
Farnesius
,
who
took
the
name
of
Iohn
Maria
Montanus
,
who
called
himself
Iulius
3ᵈ.
King
Francis
holds
a
Treaty
at
Cambrey
,
where
his
ransom
is
paid
,
and
his
hostages
restored
;
he
instigateth
the
Turk
against
Charles
the
Emperour
,
and
about
the
same
time
advanceth
Learning
in
Paris
,
by
allowing
and
maintaining
new
Professors
in
that
University
.
He
makes
war
Piemont
,
Luxenburg
,
and
Roussillon
because
his
Ambassadors
were
killed
as
To
King
Francis
succeeded
his
son
Henry
2.
by
Katharin
Medices
:
He
falls
upon
the
Imperial
Territories
,
and
takes
divers
Towns
;
the
Imperialists
out
of
Belgium
over-run
and
waste
Campania
;
the
Pope
for
grief
that
the
Catholick
cause
in
England
died
with
Queen
Mary
,
falls
suddenly
sick
,
of
which
disease
he
died
;
to
whom
succeeded
Marcellus
2d
,
who
the
22
day
after
his
Election
,
died
of
an
Apoplexy
.
Petrus
Caraffa
succeeded
,
and
called
himself
Paul
4.
About
these
times
Ferdinand
Cortez
in
twenty
years
space
,
subdued
Mexico
;
Varga
and
Pizarus
,
all
Peru
,
with
the
City
of
Cusco
:
so
did
the
Portugals
take
divers
places
in
the
East
-
Indies
.
Charles
the
Emperour
being
dead
,
the
French
renue
the
war
with
his
son
Philip
;
therefore
a
great
Army
is
sent
under
Francis
Duke
of
Guise
,
into
Campania
and
Naples
:
at
S.
Quintin
a
cruel
battel
is
fought
,
in
which
the
French
are
utterly
defeated
,
and
most
of
their
Nobility
taken
,
upon
which
the
Town
presently
To
Henry
2d
,
succeeded
his
son
Francis
2d
,
who
though
he
was
young
,
yet
was
beginning
to
be
as
cruel
against
the
Hugonets
,
as
his
father
was
,
by
burning
Annas
Burgius
his
body
,
after
it
had
been
hanged
:
At
which
,
the
Protestants
were
so
incensed
,
that
they
conspire
to
seize
on
the
King
,
then
at
Amboise
,
and
to
cary
him
away
;
but
the
plot
was
discovered
and
prevented
.
Lewis
Burbon
Prince
of
Conde
,
is
suspected
to
have
had
a
hand
in
this
plot
,
therefore
is
imprisoned
:
But
whilst
at
Orleans
,
the
King
and
his
Peers
there
assembled
,
were
about
to
bring
him
to
his
Trial
,
the
King
fell
sick
and
died
,
not
having
reigned
full
two
years
;
his
mother
is
made
Regent
.
To
Pope
Paul
4.
succeeded
Iohn
Angelus
Medices
,
who
took
the
name
of
Pius
4.
King
Philip
of
Spain
,
causeth
28
Gentlemen
of
great
families
,
to
To
Francis
2d
,
succeeded
his
brother
Charles
9.
under
whom
the
Protestants
enjoyed
some
quietness
,
till
Beza
,
Martyr
,
and
Marlorat
,
had
exasperated
the
Pontificians
by
their
writings
;
then
Pens
were
turned
into
Swords
.
Francis
of
Guise
stood
up
for
the
Papists
,
and
Lewis
of
Conde
for
the
Hugonets
.
A
battel
is
fought
,
in
which
were
slain
on
both
sides
about
nine
thousand
.
Conde
was
taken
prisoner
,
and
Guise
shortly
after
killed
by
a
Pistoll
shot
.
Upon
this
,
the
Queen
Regent
gives
way
for
the
Protestant
Nobility
to
exercise
their
Religion
in
their
houses
,
and
the
people
in
the
suburbs
.
Pius
4.
died
,
to
whom
succeeded
Michael
Chisserius
,
called
by
the
name
of
Pius
5.
Conde
Gregory
13.
France
having
rested
a
while
from
Civil
broils
,
falls
to
Clandestin
butcheries
.
At
Paris
the
Nuptials
of
Henry
of
Navarre
,
with
Margaret
the
Kings
sister
,
are
solemnized
and
besprinkled
with
Protestant
blood
:
The
chief
Protestants
are
invited
to
the
Wedding
;
suddenly
by
command
from
King
Charls
the
ninth
,
all
the
Protestants
in
Paris
are
massacred
,
without
respect
of
age
or
sex
.
Caspar
Castilios
head
is
sent
as
a
present
to
the
Pope
,
and
letters
from
the
King
,
who
writes
,
that
in
few
days
he
put
to
death
above
seventy
Pope
Gregory
reformed
the
Calender
,
which
occasioned
some
troubles
in
divers
places
;
but
in
France
,
by
Proclamation
,
it
is
commanded
generally
to
be
received
:
Divers
Colledges
of
Jesuits
are
erected
under
Pope
Gregory
,
and
in
Rome
for
strangers
;
he
was
suddenly
taken
with
the
squinzy
,
which
suffocated
him
in
two
howres
.
Henry
of
Navarre
strives
to
have
a
National
Synod
of
Protestants
,
for
settling
of
their
differences
;
for
this
cause
he
sends
his
Ambassador
to
the
Princes
,
who
gave
him
good
words
,
but
nothing
could
be
done
by
reason
of
the
troubles
of
those
times
.
The
Cardinals
of
Katherin
Medices
,
Charles
Main
brother
to
the
Guises
,
Governour
of
Paris
,
and
of
the
Isle
of
France
,
leaving
out
the
Kings
name
:
but
the
Sorbonists
were
against
Main
.
He
having
raised
an
Army
,
declares
he
will
maintain
the
Roman
Religion
.
Lions
,
Orleans
,
Rohan
,
and
other
places
,
side
with
him
.
King
Henry
was
assisted
by
the
King
of
Navarres
forces
,
and
the
Nobility
;
by
which
the
Pontifician
Army
is
defeated
,
and
Paris
so
strictly
besieged
,
that
they
were
like
to
starve
within
.
When
in
the
mean
while
Iacob
Clement
,
a
Dominican
,
under
pretence
of
speaking
with
the
King
,
run
him
in
the
belly
with
a
poisoned
knife
,
whom
the
King
killed
immediatly
with
the
same
knife
.
King
Henry
died
of
his
wound
within
fourteen
howres
,
having
first
named
for
his
heir
Henry
of
Navarre
;
to
whom
the
Nobility
swore
Allegiance
,
conditionally
,
that
he
would
permit
Liberty
of
Conscience
;
then
he
falls
presently
to
weakning
the
Guisian
faction
,
and
taking
in
of
Towns.
In
the
time
of
King
Henry
the
third
,
the
order
of
the
Holy
Ghost
was
instituted
.
The
King
of
Navarre
and
Conde
are
by
the
Pope
excommunicated
:
Conde
at
last
is
poisoned
,
and
Navarre
excluded
from
succession
.
The
Battel
of
Courtrey
is
fought
,
in
which
Navarre
was
victor
,
and
the
Duke
Ioyeuse
slain
.
In
Henry
4.
King
of
Navarre
,
after
seven
Civil
Wars
,
the
Crown
of
France
is
transferred
to
the
House
of
Burbon
,
which
Henry
as
yet
could
not
quietly
enjoy
;
for
De
Main
troubles
him
,
till
he
was
defeated
at
Arque
.
The
Parliament
of
Rohan
pronounce
all
those
Traitors
,
who
side
with
the
King.
The
Popes
quarrel
with
him
for
his
Religion
;
to
wit
,
Gregory
13.
and
his
successor
Felix
Montaltus
,
or
Sixtus
5.
who
from
obscurity
,
was
elevated
to
this
high
dignity
:
yet
he
woud
be
at
no
charges
in
relieving
Paris
,
when
it
was
again
besieged
by
the
King
,
fearing
to
make
Spain
,
(
which
now
gaped
for
France
)
too
great
.
Yet
King
Henry
out
of
pity
to
his
people
,
permits
Alexander
Farnesius
,
to
cary
in
provisions
.
Pope
Sixtus
having
procured
the
Spaniards
displeasure
,
for
not
affording
his
assistance
to
them
,
fell
into
a
deep
melancholy
,
and
so
died
,
having
before
shewed
great
joy
for
the
conversion
of
the
Marquess
of
Baden
to
the
Roman
faith
;
which
Marquess
,
Iames
by
name
,
shortly
after
died
of
a
dyssentery
,
in
the
flower
of
his
youth
.
Presently
Iohn
Baptista
Castanaeus
,
is
elected
,
and
called
Urban
7.
whose
election
was
Austria
,
Moravia
,
and
Bohemia
,
with
an
extraordinary
dry
Summer
,
that
the
Rivers
were
like
scalding
water
This
Urban
being
taken
with
a
feaver
,
died
within
thirteen
days
,
leaving
the
Chair
to
Nicholas
Sfondratus
,
or
Gregory
14.
he
was
born
the
seventh
month
after
his
conception
,
and
died
the
tenth
month
after
his
election
.
About
which
time
the
plague
and
famin
so
raged
in
Italy
,
that
at
Rome
in
one
year
there
died
sixty
thousand
people
:
yet
this
Gregory
spent
on
the
French
wars
,
five
hundred
thousand
Crowns
of
the
publick
Treasury
,
and
forty
thousand
out
of
his
own
coffers
.
King
Henry
perceiving
that
Farnesius
would
not
fight
,
caused
his
Army
to
take
up
their
Winter
Quarters
all
about
Paris
.
Farnesius
after
four
furious
assaults
,
takes
Corbilium
upon
Sene
,
which
by
the
King
is
again
retaken
.
The
Spaniards
are
defeated
by
the
Momorancies
,
and
the
Savoyen
prepartions
in
Province
,
hindred
by
Digvier
.
The
Germanes
plunder
Lorrains
Country
,
and
are
now
on
the
borders
of
France
.
Parma
returns
to
the
Netherlands
,
having
enough
to
do
with
Grave
Maurice
.
The
Popes
Army
under
Sfondrat
,
the
Popes
Nephew
,
did
no
great
matter
;
for
Parma
not
being
able
to
come
and
join
with
them
,
they
retreated
,
upon
the
report
of
Pope
Gregories
death
;
to
whom
succeeded
Iohannes
Antonius
of
Piemont
,
called
by
the
name
of
Innocent
9.
he
sate
but
two
months
,
and
was
of
the
Spanish
faction
:
to
him
succeeded
Hippolitus
Aldobrandinus
,
or
Clement
the
8.
King
The
French
being
weary
of
their
Civil
wars
,
an
assembly
of
the
Guisian
faction
,
or
the
holy
Leaguers
,
is
called
,
for
electing
of
a
new
King.
Some
were
for
Isabella
,
the
Infanta
of
Spain
;
but
that
election
was
against
the
Salic
Law
:
others
for
Ernestus
the
Arch-Duke
,
Governour
of
Belgium
,
Farnesius
the
Duke
of
Parma
being
dead
;
which
Ernestus
was
also
appointed
Husband
for
the
Infanta
:
but
this
motion
was
generally
rejected
.
Others
again
,
will
have
him
to
be
King
,
whom
the
Spaniard
shall
nominate
,
and
that
he
shall
mary
the
Infanta
.
Henry
son
to
Guise
that
was
killed
,
is
nominated
King
by
some
;
Main
seeing
they
could
not
agree
about
the
Election
,
procured
three
months
Truce
with
Navarre
,
to
gain
so
much
time
for
settling
the
kingdom
.
This
Truce
was
disliked
by
the
Popes
Legat.
Upon
this
the
Nobility
perswade
the
King
to
profess
the
Roman
Faith
,
shewing
it
was
against
the
Salic
Law
,
that
an
Heretick
should
be
King
of
France
,
and
against
reason
,
that
he
should
be
called
the
most
Christian
King
,
who
was
the
chief
Patron
of
Heresie
,
and
an
enemy
to
that
Christian
profession
which
hath
continued
in
France
hitherto
since
the
beginning
of
Christianity
.
The
King
fearing
all
would
forsake
him
,
if
he
continued
a
Calvinist
,
desires
a
Conference
with
the
Bishops
,
and
other
Doctors
of
the
Church
.
At
length
after
five
hours
discourse
,
the
King
in
white
,
with
a
shining
Taper
before
him
,
goeth
to
S.
Dennis
Church
,
where
being
asked
by
the
Bishop
of
Biturix
,
what
his
desire
was
;
answered
,
his
desire
was
to
be
received
into
the
bosom
of
the
Catholick
,
Apostolick
,
Roman
Church
,
and
to
live
and
die
in
that
religion
:
So
being
led
to
the
Altar
,
he
is
absolved
,
to
the
great
indignation
of
the
Popes
Legat
;
and
the
Monks
,
esteeming
this
reconciliation
of
no
validity
:
but
to
the
great
joy
,
and
content
of
the
people
.
The
King
sends
Lewis
Gonzaga
,
Ambassador
to
the
Pope
,
who
in
all
humility
and
submission
,
desires
the
Popes
Benediction
:
who
answers
,
that
he
shall
never
be
perswaded
the
Kings
reconciliation
to
the
Church
to
be
sincere
,
till
an
Angell
from
heaven
come
down
,
and
tell
it
in
his
eare
;
but
the
Guisians
to
pacifie
Pope
Clement
,
cause
the
Counsell
of
Trent
,
purely
,
and
without
any
condition
to
be
proclaimed
and
observed
,
and
strengthen
their
own
side
as
well
as
they
could
;
but
some
Monks
suborne
one
Barterius
to
kill
the
King
,
who
was
prevented
at
Melodunum
,
Meux
,
Orleans
,
Bourges
,
and
others
fall
off
from
the
League
to
the
King
,
who
is
inaugurate
at
Chartres
by
Thuanus
Bishop
there
.
In
the
absence
of
Mayne
,
Brissacus
Governor
of
Paris
openeth
the
gates
and
delivers
the
Towne
to
the
King
with
such
order
and
care
,
that
there
was
no
killing
nor
plundering
at
all
;
The
Garrison
is
dismissed
without
the
least
affront
offered
them
.
Rowen
followes
the
example
of
Paris
,
so
doth
Poictiers
and
many
more
Townes
;
but
other
places
that
refused
,
are
forced
by
Arms
to
submit
.
Henry
of
Guise
reconciles
himself
to
the
King
,
who
perceiving
that
the
Spaniard
did
still
foment
Factions
in
his
Kingdome
,
upon
the
perswasions
of
Henry
of
Bullion
,
he
sends
supply
of
men
and
arms
to
Grave
Maurice
against
the
Spaniards
.
Shortly
after
one
Iohn
Castel
being
perswaded
the
King
was
yet
an
Heretick
,
and
not
truely
absolved
,
gets
into
the
crowd
at
Paris
where
the
King
was
,
whom
he
struck
at
with
his
knife
,
and
beat
out
two
of
his
teeth
,
intending
to
have
stabbed
him
in
the
throat
:
The
fellow
is
presently
apprehended
and
examined
,
he
confessed
his
intention
,
and
that
he
was
bred
in
the
Jesuits
Colledg
at
Paris
,
but
was
sorry
he
had
not
killed
that
Heretick
King
;
whereupon
he
is
condemned
and
tortured
to
death
.
The
Jesuits
are
banisht
France
,
and
it's
made
Treason
for
any
to
send
their
children
out
of
the
Kingdome
to
be
instructed
by
them
.
The
young
mans
father
is
banished
for
9
years
,
and
his
goods
confiscate
,
his
house
is
levelled
with
the
ground
,
and
a
Pyramide
of
Marble
erected
with
a
golden
Cross
,
and
the
4
Cardinall
vertues
on
it
,
as
a
perpetuall
monument
of
this
bold
fact
.
The
Protestants
Pattent
is
also
renewed
,
whereby
they
are
made
capable
of
all
honors
and
dignities
equally
with
Catholicks
.
Ernestus
being
Brussels
,
Peter
Gusman
undertakes
the
Government
of
Belgium
,
and
regains
Hoi
,
lately
taken
by
Henry
.
He
fights
a
great
battel
with
Bullion
,
near
Durlan
which
he
takes
with
divers
other
Townes
.
After
this
the
King
is
entertained
at
Lions
with
all
solemnity
,
and
at
Rome
by
the
intercession
of
Bishop
Perrone
,
and
many
other
Prelats
whom
he
had
sent
thither
,
he
obtains
the
Apostolicall
Benediction
,
and
is
absolved
from
his
Curse
;
so
being
received
into
the
bosome
of
the
Church
,
is
honored
with
the
Title
of
[
most
Christian
]
Charles
Mayne
,
Henry
of
Savoy
,
Ioyeuse
,
and
other
great
men
are
reconciled
to
the
King
,
who
freely
pardons
them
,
and
undertakes
to
pay
their
debts
,
but
to
the
grief
and
oppression
of
the
people
.
Cassal
Consul
of
Marsylles
is
slaine
,
for
intending
to
deliver
up
that
Citie
to
the
Spaniard
:
So
all
now
is
quieted
except
Britany
.
A
peace
between
France
and
Spain
is
at
last
concluded
.
Mercurian
with
his
Spanish
Faction
in
Britany
submits
to
King
Henry
,
to
whom
King
Philip
restores
Callis
,
Capel
,
and
divers
other
places
,
and
he
to
Philip
the
Principality
of
Carolotons
;
and
so
all
old
quarrels
are
composed
.
Savoy
hereafter
is
to
remain
free
of
it self
,
but
whereas
the
difference
about
the
dominion
of
Salusses
between
France
and
Savoy
,
was
not
yet
decided
,
but
left
to
the
Popes
arbitration
;
two
years
after
the
War
is
renewed
,
in
which
the
Duke
loseth
his
Cisalpin
Jurisdiction
,
his
Fort
of
Saint
Catherin
which
Philip
Mornays
Books
,
purposely
to
disgrace
him
and
his
profession
:
The
edict
of
Nan●…s
concerning
the
Protestants
Priviledges
,
procured
much
hatred
against
the
King
,
by
the
Pontificats
;
Charls
Ridicove
of
Gaunt
,
Peter
Angere
,
and
Nicholas
English
justly
suffered
death
.
At
this
time
was
seen
in
Paris
,
a
Cornuted
Monster
,
some
Virgins
also
in
France
and
Germany
,
were
known
to
endure
hunger
three
years
and
more
,
a
strict
Law
is
made
against
Duels
,
and
death
threatned
to
the
challenger
.
To
Clemens
the
8
at
Rome
,
succeeded
Alexander
Medices
,
called
by
the
name
of
Leo
,
who
died
25
days
after
,
his
successor
was
Leo
Camillus
,
or
Paul
5.
Duke
Ioyeuse
entreth
the
Order
of
Capuchins
,
after
a
while
takes
arms
,
and
then
returns
to
his
Monastery
.
Cardinal
Aldebrandin
comes
into
France
to
make
the
Duke
of
Savoys
peace
,
whom
the
French
had
subdued
for
not
restoring
the
Marquisat
of
Salusses
,
according
to
the
Articles
of
peace
at
Verv●…que
.
Marshall
Byron
intendeth
Treason
against
the
King
,
is
sent
for
,
and
denieth
all
that
Fin●…us
his
accuser
laid
against
him
;
but
the
proofs
were
King
Henry
the
fourth
of
France
being
dead
,
his
Queen
is
made
Regent
during
her
sons
Minority
,
who
is
publickly
proclaimed
heir
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
and
so
the
great
Army
is
disbanded
,
which
some
thought
had
been
intended
for
Cleve
,
,
others
for
Artois
,
others
for
the
Empire
.
The
Queen
Regent
brought
much
obloqui
and
envy
on
herself
,
by
preferring
Marquis
Ancre
her
favourit
;
and
of
the
Florentin
Familie
,
before
all
the
Princes
of
France
:
It
was
said
he
used
inchantments
,
he
held
indeed
the
young
King
,
the
Queen
,
and
the
whole
kingdome
in
subjection
:
Hee
exhausted
the
Exchequer
,
made
Laws
,
and
unmade
them
as
he
pleased
:
Which
caused
Henry
of
Burbon
,
Prince
of
Conde
,
Henry
of
Bullion
,
Nivern
,
and
others
to
forsake
the
Court
in
discontent
,
and
to
raise
Tumults
.
The
Decrees
of
the
Counsell
of
Trent
at
last
are
divulged
,
by
the
importunity
of
the
Italian
and
Pontificiall
Partie
;
but
the
Parliament
of
Paris
ordered
that
the
writings
of
Mariana
,
Suarez
,
Belarmin
and
others
concerning
the
Popes
power
of
deposing
Kings
,
should
be
suppressed
.
Cardinal
Perone
with
the
Clergy
,
and
most
of
the
Nobility
stand
up
in
defence
of
the
Counsels
Authority
;
but
King
Iames
by
his
writings
declared
he
Longueville
,
Bullion
,
Mayne
,
and
other
Princes
understood
that
Conde
was
detained
as
a
prisoner
in
Paris
by
Ancres
means
,
they
suddenly
depart
the
Court
,
and
are
proscribed
by
the
King
:
The
Parisians
being
madded
at
this
,
fall
presently
to
plundring
of
Ancres
treasures
,
and
spoyling
his
house
,
so
that
with
much
adoe
were
they
pacified
at
last
by
the
Kings
Guard.
The
Princes
publish
a
Remonstance
,
to
let
the
people
know
what
corruptions
were
now
maintained
,
both
in
Court
and
Kingdome
,
and
that
therefore
they
were
necessitated
to
take
armes
to
suppress
these
abuses
;
they
also
by
their
friends
,
privatly
acquaint
the
King
of
the
dangers
that
would
fall
on
him
and
his
Kingdome
,
After
these
sad
passages
,
some
joy
follows
in
France
upon
the
marriage
of
Victor
Amadeus
,
the
Duke
of
Savoys
eldest
son
,
Prince
of
Piemont
,
with
Christina
the
Kings
sister
,
the
King
was
married
already
to
the
Infanta
of
Spain
.
The
Queen-Mother
being
weary
of
her
abode
in
Blois
,
got
Duke
de
Espernon
to
convey
her
thence
to
Angolesme
without
the
Kings
knowledge
,
who
took
this
ill
,
and
as
a
slighting
of
his
Authority
,
therefore
he
raiseth
an
Army
purposely
to
be
revenged
on
Espernon
;
but
being
at
last
pacified
by
divers
messages
from
Espernon
and
the
Queen-Mother
to
him
,
she
is
permitted
to
stay
at
Andes
;
and
Conde
is
set
free
.
A
certain
Italian
being
found
teaching
of
Atheisme
at
Tholouse
,
is
by
the
Kings
de
Luine
the
Kings
Favorit
,
was
in
great
power
on
whom
he
had
conferred
all
Ancres
estate
:
This
was
ill
resented
by
the
Peers
,
chiefly
by
Longuevil
,
Nemours
,
Mayne
,
and
Rohan
,
who
betake
themselves
to
the
Queen
Mother
;
but
the
King
preventing
them
by
the
faithfull
service
of
Conde
,
possesseth
Cain
in
Normandy
,
before
the
Princes
could
unite
their
Forces
.
More
of
their
towns
submit
to
the
King
:
At
length
the
Queens
army
being
defeated
,
the
Princes
were
brought
to
such
a
strait
,
that
they
were
fain
to
Petition
for
pardon
,
and
the
Queen
Mother
to
acknowledge
her
sons
milde
Government
:
then
the
Kings
army
is
turned
upon
Gascony
;
those
of
Bearn
were
commanded
●…o
restore
to
the
Roman
Clergy
,
their
old
Rites
and
Revenues
,
which
they
refusing
to
do
,
were
suddenly
surprised
by
the
King
,
who
having
changed
their
Garisons
,
restores
to
the
Catholicks
their
Churches
,
Honors
,
and
Revenues
,
and
so
annexeth
that
Province
which
hitherto
had
enjoyed
much
freedome
,
to
the
Crown
of
France
.
This
put
the
Protestants
to
new
shifts
and
consultations
,
divers
meetings
to
this
purpose
were
had
;
a
Synod
is
called
at
Rotchel
,
which
contrary
to
the
Kings
strict
and
peremptory
command
is
held
,
to
the
undoing
afterward
of
that
town
,
and
the
Protestant
cause
in
France
;
for
the
King
subdued
the
Town
of
Saint
Iohn
after
a
hard
siege
of
20
days
,
and
beats
down
the
Walls
;
the
like
he
did
to
Clerak
in
Gascony
,
and
many
other
Protestant
Towns
to
the
number
of
60.
he
brings
under
his
subjection
,
not
without
great
slaughter
of
such
as
made
resistance
,
for
many
skirmishes
were
fought
.
Montalban
also
is
besieged
a
long
time
,
but
in
vain
;
for
sickness
and
the
winter
floods
forced
the
besiegers
to
rise
and
be
gone
:
Among
divers
that
lost
their
lives
here
,
Henry
of
Mayne
,
Viceroy
of
Gascony
was
one
.
After
this
,
whilst
the
King
was
beleaguering
Mugurt
,
Duke
d'
Luin
,
Master
of
the
Horse
(
which
place
Ancre
had
before
)
in
the
midst
of
his
honors
and
wealth
,
which
was
exceeding
great
,
died
in
December
:
A
sudden
fire
having
in
October
before
burned
down
the
two
bridges
of
the
goldsmiths
,
and
the
exchange
,
to
the
great
loss
of
the
Merchants
.
Pope
Paul
5
died
of
an
Apoplexie
the
69
year
of
his
age
,
and
the
16
of
his
Pontificat
:
K.
Lewis
,
the
pacification
being
broke
,
besiegeth
and
taketh
Montpelier
with
some
other
Protestant
towns
,
at
last
upon
the
sight
of
so
much
bloud
shed
,
and
so
many
slaughtered
men
,
he
comes
to
a
new
agreement
,
at
which
divers
of
the
Pontifician
side
were
offended
.
At
Rome
Gregory
15.
called
before
Alexander
Lodoisius
,
who
succeeded
Pope
Paul
5.
died
of
a
Palsie
:
To
whom
succeeded
Cardinall
Maphaeus
Berberin
,
he
took
the
name
of
Urban
8.
In
France
things
being
somewhat
quieted
,
King
Lewis
enters
into
league
with
the
Venetians
and
Savoyens
against
Spain
,
for
England
.
Rotchel
is
besieged
both
by
sea
and
land
,
divers
Forts
being
erected
against
it
,
divers
eruptions
are
made
from
the
town
,
divers
Petitions
are
exhibited
for
peace
,
but
all
in
vain
;
the
Protestants
complain
that
the
Articles
of
the
last
pacification
were
not
kept
by
the
King
,
that
they
had
not
as
was
promised
the
free
use
of
their
Religion
,
that
the
Forts
set
up
against
Rotchel
,
were
not
as
yet
demolished
,
that
the
Synodicall
meetings
of
the
Ministers
were
hindred
;
hereupon
the
two
brothers
,
Rohan
and
Sonlize
,
the
chief
of
the
Protestant
Party
in
France
,
implore
the
assistance
of
England
,
which
now
stood
not
upon
good
terms
with
France
,
since
the
sending
away
of
Queen
Maries
French
Clergy
,
for
being
too
busie
about
her
confessions
and
penances
;
the
English
also
had
taken
some
French
Ships
carrying
provision
for
the
Spaniard
,
and
the
French
had
made
a
stay
of
all
English
goods
there
,
for
satisfying
their
los.
ses
:
Hereupon
a
fleet
under
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
is
sent
to
the
Isle
of
Ree
,
lying
over
against
Rotchel
;
at
first
he
drove
the
French
into
the
Castle
,
but
afterward
out
of
carelesness
he
suffered
his
forces
to
be
cut
off
,
and
so
returns
home
with
loss
and
dishonor
.
Vendome
the
Kings
bastard
brother
is
imprisoned
.
Diguiers
lat●…y
converted
to
the
Church
of
Rome
,
is
made
Master
of
the
horse
,
Cardinal
Richelieu
being
Admirall
of
France
,
is
imployed
against
Rotchel
.
Conde
rageth
with
fire
and
sword
against
their
Protestant
towns
of
Gascony
,
putting
all
ages
and
sexes
promiscuously
to
death
;
but
at
last
hath
a
defeat
given
him
by
Rohan
;
the
Rotchelers
stoutly
resisted
the
siege
,
so
long
as
their
hopes
of
English
aid
,
and
their
provisions
France
being
now
at
peace
with
England
,
is
better
able
to
assist
the
Duke
of
Niverne
,
Charls
by
name
,
to
recover
his
right
in
Mantua
,
which
German
Vincentius
being
now
dead
)
as
his
due
both
by
will
and
propinquitie
of
blood
:
this
Principality
he
seised
on
without
acquainting
Caesar
Lord
of
the
Fee
;
the
Spaniard
and
Savoyen
stormed
at
this
,
who
had
an
old
quarrel
with
the
Dukes
of
Mantua
about
Montsferrat
;
so
now
France
and
Spain
renew
their
old
strife
.
The
Savoyen
sides
with
Spain
,
the
Venetians
with
Mantua
;
Naples
,
Sicily
,
Millan
prepare
for
war.
The
quarrel
in
France
between
Gasto
Duke
of
Orleans
,
and
Cardinal
The
King
by
the
Cardinalls
advice
,
set
a
Guard
upon
his
Brother
;
this
the
Duke
considering
to
be
both
dangerous
and
disgracefull
,
withdrawes
himselfe
privately
thence
,
and
raiseth
an
Army
of
Malecontents
:
A
battel
is
fought
,
in
which
the
Duke
is
defeated
,
and
Montmorancie
taken
in
the
skirmish
;
the
King
to
appease
all
civill
differences
,
is
content
to
pardon
his
brother
,
and
his
Courtiers
;
he
commands
CHAP.
XXIV
.
A
Prosecution
of
the
English
History
,
under
the
reigns
of
Henry
the
4th
,
Henry
the
5th
,
and
Henry
the
6th
;
from
the
year
1399.
till
the
year
1460.
containing
divers
passages
of
the
French
and
Scots
affairs
.
HEnry
the
fourth
of
Bullinbrook
,
Duke
of
Hartford
,
son
and
heir
to
Iohn
of
Gaunt
,
the
yonger
brother
of
Lionel
D.
of
Clarence
,
is
elected
and
Crowned
King
,
his
predecessor
Edw.
Plantaginet
Duke
of
Aumarle
,
Thomas
Holland
Duke
of
Surry
,
Iohn
Holland
his
brother
Duke
of
Exeter
,
both
half
brothers
to
King
Richard
,
Iohn
Montague
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
Hugh
Spencer
Earl
of
Gloucester
,
with
others
,
who
pretending
a
Triumph
,
intended
the
Kings
destruction
privately
,
by
Indentures
under
their
hands
and
seals
.
All
these
plotters
met
at
Oxford
,
attended
with
a
strong
guard
of
Archers
,
only
Aumarle
was
absent
,
because
his
father
the
old
Duke
,
having
found
out
the
plot
,
by
the
Indentures
,
which
by
chance
he
spied
in
his
sons
breast
,
made
haste
to
acquaint
the
King
therewith
,
which
the
young
Duke
perceiving
,
being
well
mounted
,
out-rod
his
father
,
and
came
to
Windsor
Castle
,
where
the
King
then
was
,
preparing
for
his
Oxford
journey
,
which
he
diverted
by
revealing
the
Treason
,
and
so
obtained
his
pardon
.
The
King
presently
raiseth
an
Army
to
suppress
those
conspirators
,
who
being
informed
that
their
plot
was
discovered
,
they
disguised
one
Magdalen
(
who
was
one
of
the
plotters
,
and
much
resembled
the
deposed
King
)
in
royal
robes
,
giving
out
he
was
King
Richard
;
and
so
with
all
their
Troops
The
King
being
delivered
from
this
danger
,
caused
Richard
to
be
murthered
(
as
is
said
)
left
in
his
name
the
like
Treason
might
be
attempted
:
Charles
the
sixt
of
France
,
Father
in
Law
to
King
Richard
,
hearing
of
his
sufferings
and
wrongs
,
but
not
as
yet
of
his
death
,
raiseth
an
Army
to
relieve
him
,
and
to
be
revenged
on
King
Henry
.
He
was
marched
as
far
as
Piccardy
,
where
he
understood
that
King
Richard
was
dead
,
whereupon
he
changeth
his
resolution
,
knowing
he
could
do
the
dead
no
good
,
and
disbandeth
his
Army
:
Yet
shortly
after
,
purposing
to
be
revenged
on
King
Henry
,
by
taking
his
towns
in
Aquitan
,
raiseth
another
Army
;
but
before
he
was
ready
,
King
Henry
was
landed
in
France
with
an
English
Army
,
conducted
by
Piency
Earl
of
Worcester
;
which
caused
King
Charles
alter
his
minde
,
and
disband
his
forces
.
Yet
Henry
distrusting
the
weakness
of
his
Title
,
desires
that
Isabel
King
Charls
his
daughter
,
and
wife
sometime
to
King
Richard
,
should
be
maried
to
his
eldest
son
Prince
of
Wales
;
which
Charles
refused
to
do
,
wherefore
she
is
conveied
into
France
,
and
maried
to
her
cousin
Charles
,
her
uncles
eldest
son
,
the
Duke
of
Orleans
.
The
noise
of
the
late
Treason
,
of
the
French
preparation
,
of
the
murther
of
King
Richard
,
animated
the
Scots
and
Welch
against
him
.
Owen
Glendor
spoils
the
Marches
near
him
:
The
Lord
Grey
of
Ruthen
,
and
Edmund
Mortimer
,
rightful
heir
to
the
Crown
,
are
sent
against
him
;
but
they
lost
the
battel
,
and
are
taken
prisoners
:
Edmund
is
kept
in
a
dark
Dungeon
,
on
Henry
Hotspur
son
and
heir
to
Henry
Piercy
,
fell
upon
them
,
killed
ten
thousand
,
and
took
five
hundred
prisoners
;
among
which
were
four
Earls
.
The
next
year
following
,
one
thousand
two
hundred
Gentlemen
are
sent
to
Glendor
,
from
France
,
to
be
Leaders
of
his
disordered
Rout
:
But
twelve
of
their
best
ships
were
drowned
in
a
storm
,
the
rest
returned
home
with
much
difficulty
.
After
this
,
twelv
thousand
French
are
sent
into
Wales
,
who
safely
landing
,
joyned
with
the
Welch
forces
,
consisting
of
ten
thousand
.
King
Henry
in
his
own
person
marcheth
with
a
strong
army
into
Wales
:
Upon
the
report
of
which
,
the
French
doubting
more
of
the
Welch
inconstancy
,
then
of
their
own
power
or
valour
;
return
to
their
ships
without
striking
stroak
.
Hereupon
the
Welch
fled
and
vanished
,
so
that
the
King
finding
no
enemy
to
fight
with
,
returns
in
peace
.
King
Henry
to
strengthen
himself
with
friends
abroad
,
against
his
troubles
Northumberland
,
Piercy
of
Worcester
,
and
Henry
Hotspur
,
are
required
by
the
King
to
deliver
up
to
him
their
Scots
prisoners
.
This
they
refuse
to
do
,
as
being
against
the
Law
of
Arms
,
which
caused
some
distaste
▪
so
that
discontent
daily
rising
,
the
Piercies
desire
the
King
to
ransom
Edmund
Mortimer
,
Earl
of
March
,
their
imprisoned
Cousin
,
hoping
thereby
to
restore
him
to
his
Crown
;
this
is
denyed
by
the
King
as
dangerous
to
his
own
safety
,
giving
out
that
he
voluntarily
become
Owens
prisoner
,
to
countenance
the
Welch
rebellion
,
and
treacheries
against
his
Crown
.
Upon
this
,
the
Piercies
in
anger
paid
his
ransom
,
and
set
him
free
on
their
own
cost
,
and
withal
made
a
League
with
Owen
Glendor
,
to
depose
King
Henry
,
with
whom
also
joyned
the
Scots
,
the
Earl
of
Stafford
,
and
Scroop
,
Arch-Bishop
of
York
,
the
beheaded
Earl
of
Salisburies
brother
,
with
many
others
;
then
they
published
and
sent
him
these
ensuing
Articles
:
1.
That
against
his
Oath
he
took
after
his
banishment
,
never
to
meddle
with
the
King
nor
Crown
,
hath
wickedly
seized
on
the
Crown
,
and
made
himself
King.
2.
That
he
had
imprisoned
King
Richard
,
and
caused
him
to
be
murthered
.
3.
That
he
hath
ever
since
unjustly
kept
the
Crown
from
Edmund
Mortimer
,
the
true
heir
,
as
being
of
Clarence
the
elder
brother
to
Iohn
of
Gant
,
father
to
the
usurping
King.
4.
That
he
had
imposed
on
the
people
divers
needless
and
heavy
Taxes
.
5.
That
against
his
Coronation
Oath
,
he
had
procured
Burgyships
for
the
Parliament
,
of
such
as
would
serve
his
turn
.
6.
That
he
hath
hitherto
denyed
to
ransom
his
Cousin
,
giving
out
falsly
he
was
become
a
voluntary
prisoner
,
to
colour
the
Welch
Treason
and
Rebellion
.
And
so
upon
these
Articles
,
they
defie
the
King
,
vow
his
destruction
,
and
the
Earl
Mortimers
restitution
.
Hereupon
Armies
are
raised
on
both
sides
;
and
near
Shrewsbury
a
battel
is
fought
,
in
which
a
great
part
of
the
Scots
who
bravely
assaulted
the
King
,
are
cut
off
;
Hotspur
,
with
some
other
prime
Leaders
,
and
many
thousands
more
are
slain
,
Worcester
is
taken
prisoner
,
the
rest
fled
:
On
the
Kings
part
were
lost
one
thousand
six
hundred
;
of
the
enemies
six
thousand
,
of
which
,
thirty
six
the
King
slew
with
his
own
hand
.
The
King
to
prosecute
his
Victory
,
sends
his
Army
under
the
Prince
of
Wales
,
against
the
Rebels
,
but
they
were
fled
:
Glendor
forsaken
,
and
at
last
famished
in
the
Woods
,
many
of
whose
consorts
were
taken
,
and
executed
.
Piercy
of
Northumberland
voluntarily
submits
to
the
Kings
mercy
,
protesting
his
ignorance
in
that
Treason
;
the
King
for
that
time
gave
him
good
words
,
with
liberty
to
come
and
go
,
because
he
had
the
Castle
of
Barwick
,
and
some
other
strong
holds
in
his
possession
.
After
this
,
Lewis
Duke
of
Orleans
,
sends
a
challenge
to
King
Henry
;
to
whom
he
returns
this
answer
,
that
his
former
actions
could
acquit
him
from
the
name
of
a
coward
;
that
Kings
ought
not
to
expose
themselves
to
danger
,
but
when
necessity
required
;
that
the
Duke
was
not
his
equal
,
&
that
notwithstanding
he
would
at
all
times
be
ready
to
repress
the
Dukes
insolencies
,
or
rash
attempts
on
him
or
his
people
.
The
Duke
hereupon
in
a
rash
passion
,
besiegeth
the
Town
of
Vergien
in
Guien
,
where
having
lost
many
of
his
men
after
three
months
siege
,
was
forced
to
rise
and
depart
with
dishonour
.
The
Duke
of
Burgoin
also
,
by
the
French
Kings
leave
,
raiseth
six
thousand
men
at
Armos
,
one
thousand
five
hundred
Cross-bows
,
and
twelve
thousand
foot
men
,
for
regaining
of
Callice
.
But
the
French
King
hearing
what
preparations
are
making
in
England
,
and
considering
the
difficultie
of
this
attempt
,
requires
the
Duke
to
desist
from
his
intended
enterprise
.
This
he
conceived
to
proceed
from
the
Duke
of
Orleans
,
who
was
jealous
of
Bourgoins
valour
.
King
Henry
having
escaped
two
dangers
by
rebellions
,
is
now
like
to
fall
into
the
third
,
plotted
by
Piercy
of
Northumberland
,
Scroop
Arch-Bishop
of
York
,
Mowbray
Earl
Marshal
,
and
by
the
Lords
Hastings
,
Faulconbridge
,
Bardolph
,
and
others
.
But
the
plot
in
the
infancy
of
it
,
was
discovered
;
therefore
the
King
comes
unexpectedly
into
the
North
,
with
an
Army
,
surprised
the
Lords
,
and
struck
off
their
heads
,
but
Piercy
and
Bardolph
fled
.
Piercy
afterwards
returns
from
France
into
Scotland
,
where
he
is
promised
aid
against
the
King
;
to
prevent
which
,
the
Prince
of
Wales
is
sent
Ralph
Rokesby
then
Sheriff
of
that
County
,
had
defeated
the
Scots
already
,
and
had
smote
off
the
two
Lords
heads
,
which
he
sent
to
the
King
for
presents
.
In
the
eleventh
year
of
his
Reign
,
a
Parliament
is
called
,
some
good
Laws
are
enacted
;
the
Kings
three
younger
sons
are
made
Thomas
Duke
of
Clarence
,
Iohn
Duke
of
Bedford
,
and
Humphry
Duke
of
Gloucester
.
The
rest
of
this
Kings
life
was
peaceable
;
he
intended
warres
against
the
Turk
,
and
was
for
that
purpose
providing
ships
,
men
,
mony
,
and
other
requisits
;
but
was
hindred
by
an
Apoplexy
,
which
at
last
killed
him
,
the
King
Henry
5.
succeeded
,
who
of
a
wild
and
loose
young
Prince
,
became
a
wise
and
solid
King
,
after
he
had
put
away
his
lewd
consorts
.
He
begins
his
Reign
with
the
honourable
Translation
of
king
Richards
body
from
Langlie
,
which
with
pomp
he
interred
at
Westminster
by
Queen
Anne
his
first
wife
.
The
next
year
he
calls
a
Parliament
at
Leicester
,
where
he
is
Petitioned
to
suppress
the
Religious
houses
of
the
kingdom
,
because
they
were
abused
;
the
Revenues
Aquitan
,
Normandy
,
and
Anjou
,
with
the
Counties
of
Poytou
and
Main
;
which
if
they
may
be
delivered
up
peaceably
,
then
King
Henry
will
mary
Katherin
the
French
Kings
daughter
,
and
endow
her
with
all
the
said
Dutchesse
and
Provinces
;
otherwise
he
would
gain
them
by
the
sword
.
The
French
King
amazed
at
this
message
,
desired
some
time
to
deliberate
,
promising
to
send
Ambassadors
of
his
own
to
King
Henry
,
whose
youth
the
Dolphin
so
slighted
,
that
he
sent
him
a
Tun
of
Tennis
Balls
as
a
present
,
fitter
for
him
to
play
with
,
then
the
Conquest
of
France
.
King
Henry
was
so
incensed
at
this
scoff
,
that
he
swore
he
would
ere
long
toss
so
many
Iron
Balls
in
France
,
that
the
strongest
Rackets
there
should
not
be
able
to
return
them
.
The
Dolphin
hearing
of
the
great
preparations
in
England
,
sends
to
King
Henry
,
that
if
he
would
live
peaceably
with
France
,
and
take
to
wife
his
sister
Katherin
,
then
he
should
have
with
her
a
large
sum
of
mony
,
with
some
small
Territories
in
that
kingdom
;
the
French
Ambassadors
were
honourably
used
and
entertained
at
the
Kings
Table
,
who
at
last
depart
with
no
other
answer
,
but
that
King
Henry
will
have
his
Provinces
and
Seigniories
which
he
demands
.
With
this
he
prepares
for
his
march
,
having
first
fortified
the
borders
from
Scottish
invasions
,
and
made
his
mother
Queen
Regent
of
England
,
in
his
absence
.
Then
he
sends
Letters
of
defiance
to
the
French
King
;
but
in
the
mean
while
Richard
Earl
of
Cambridge
,
brother
to
the
Duke
of
York
,
Henry
Lord
Scroop
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Gray
,
upon
great
rewards
promised
them
by
the
Dolphin
,
conspired
either
to
kill
king
Henry
in
his
Tent
,
or
to
deliver
him
unto
the
French
King
;
but
the
Treason
is
discovered
,
the
Traitors
apprehended
,
arraigned
,
and
executed
the
next
day
.
The
King
being
landed
in
Normandy
,
neer
Harslew
upon
the
Sein
,
besieged
it
thirty
seven
days
;
which
the
Dolphin
not
being
able
to
relieve
,
was
surrendred
to
Henrie
,
who
sacked
it
,
and
ransomed
the
inhabitants
,
which
mony
,
and
goods
,
he
bestowed
on
his
soldiers
.
Then
having
left
his
uncle
Thomas
Duke
of
Exeter
,
as
Governour
there
,
with
thirty
five
Knights
,
and
one
thousand
five
hundred
soldiers
,
resolves
to
go
to
Calice
by
Land
,
for
the
Winter
coming
sooner
then
usually
,
caused
fluxes
,
feavers
,
and
great
mortality
in
his
Army
;
for
there
died
above
one
thousand
five
hundred
men
,
besides
the
Earl
of
Stafford
,
Bishop
of
Norwich
,
and
some
other
Lords
;
the
Kings
strength
then
consisted
only
in
two
thousand
horse
,
and
thirteen
thousand
Archers
:
yet
the
French
durst
not
adventure
upon
them
,
though
the
Dolphin
who
managed
this
war
,
by
reason
of
his
fathers
infirmity
,
had
assembled
above
thirty
thousand
men
:
So
that
the
English
burned
and
spoiled
all
in
their
way
,
without
resistance
.
The
French
(
then
at
Rohan
)
being
unwilling
the
English
should
pass
through
France
unfought
with
,
adviseth
with
his
Councel
what
he
should
do
;
after
some
debate
,
he
was
advised
to
fight
,
who
presently
sends
a
defiance
Mark
,
Damp
,
and
others
,
King
Henris
Vaunt-guard
consisting
of
Archers
only
,
is
conducted
by
the
Duke
of
York
.
The
main
Battel
is
commanded
by
the
King
himself
,
in
which
were
his
strongest
Bill
men
;
with
him
were
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
Earl
Mashal
Oxford
and
Suffolk
:
the
rear-ward
is
directed
by
Thomas
Duke
of
Exeter
,
the
Kings
Uncle
.
And
to
keep
off
the
French
horse
from
the
English
foot
,
they
are
all
invironed
with
stakes
headed
with
sharp
irons
at
both
ends
,
for
the
easier
pitching
of
them
in
the
ground
.
An
Ambush
also
of
Though
the
K.
and
his
men
were
tired
with
that
days
service
,
yet
fearing
the
worst
,
he
puts
his
whole
Army
in
Battalia
,
when
presently
the
Earls
of
Marle
and
Faulconbridge
,
assailed
him
with
six
hundred
men
,
but
they
were
quickly
overthrown
and
slain
.
Towards
the
Evening
of
this
day
,
the
King
with
his
Army
gave
solemn
thanks
to
God
for
his
Victory
,
and
then
gave
leave
to
his
soldiers
to
riffle
those
they
had
slain
.
Which
being
done
,
he
marcheth
into
Calice
,
where
he
is
received
with
great
joy
.
In
this
battail
were
slain
the
Constable
and
Admiral
of
France
,
the
Duke
of
Alanson
,
the
Duke
of
Brabant
,
the
Duke
of
Barre
,
with
divers
Earls
,
twenty
five
Lords
,
eight
thousand
Knights
,
Esquires
,
and
Gentlemen
,
besides
multitudes
of
common
soldiers
;
the
Duke
of
Orleans
,
the
Duke
of
Burbon
,
with
divers
Lords
,
many
were
taken
prisoners
.
On
the
English
side
were
slain
the
Duke
of
York
,
the
Earl
of
Suffolk
,
with
six
hundred
others
:
So
after
the
King
had
refreshed
himself
and
Army
some
time
in
Calice
,
he
returns
with
much
spoil
and
wealth
into
England
,
and
is
received
into
London
with
much
triumph
.
Not
long
after
this
battail
,
the
Dolphin
died
;
the
Earl
of
Arminack
is
made
high
Constable
of
France
,
and
none
put
in
offices
but
stout
men
.
At
the
same
time
Thomas
Duke
of
Exeter
,
Governour
of
Harflew
,
issued
out
of
the
Town
with
three
King
Henry
understanding
that
the
French
Peers
were
fallen
out
into
divers
factions
,
upon
private
grudges
,
he
calls
a
Parliament
,
shewing
his
right
to
France
,
his
opportunity
now
to
regain
it
,
his
good
success
hitherto
,
the
many
wrongs
done
by
the
French
upon
the
English
,
and
withall
his
want
of
mony
.
These
motives
were
so
inducing
,
that
mony
is
presently
granted
,
and
with
chearfulness
levied
.
Hereupon
Iohn
Earl
of
Huntington
son
to
that
D.
of
Exeter
,
beheaded
under
King
Henry
the
4.
being
sent
out
to
scowre
the
seas
,
fell
upon
nine
Carricks
of
Genua
,
hired
for
the
French
Kings
service
;
six
of
which
he
sunk
,
the
other
three
he
took
with
great
store
of
mony
and
mony
worth
.
King
Henry
shortly
after
landeth
with
his
Army
in
Normandy
,
before
the
Castle
of
Tonque
,
which
he
took
;
the
report
of
this
made
the
Normans
flye
all
to
their
strong
Towns
,
so
that
the
English
without
resistance
,
march
,
and
pitch
before
Cane
,
which
after
long
and
stout
resistance
by
the
Normans
,
and
many
furious
assaults
by
the
English
is
taken
,
the
Towns-men
having
flung
down
their
arms
,
and
submitted
to
mercy
.
The
A
being
heaped
together
in
the
Market
place
,
and
kept
with
a
guard
of
English
,
the
King
enters
the
Town
,
and
in
the
great
Church
gives
solemn
thanks
for
his
victory
.
Then
he
assembles
the
inhabitants
at
their
Senate
,
where
he
censured
the
chief
of
those
who
refused
his
mercy
,
some
to
death
,
some
to
ransoms
,
Whilst
the
King
is
thus
imployed
,
he
understands
that
Rohan
is
manned
,
and
strongly
fortified
,
and
that
the
whole
wealth
of
the
Country
is
conveyed
thither
;
therefore
he
layeth
siege
to
that
City
,
and
chains
the
River
,
having
made
a
Bridge
also
over
it
,
to
keep
off
all
relief
by
water
.
The
Earl
of
Warwick
with
an
hundred
good
ships
enters
the
mouth
of
the
River
,
and
causeth
the
Town
of
Caodeback
give
them
a
quiet
passage
towards
Rohan
,
promising
to
yeild
it
to
King
Henry
,
if
he
took
Rohan
,
otherwise
to
let
him
return
peaceably
:
so
he
goeth
for
Rohan
.
At
this
siege
one
thousand
six
hundred
Irish
under
the
Lord
of
Kilmay
repair
to
the
King
,
and
are
entertained
by
him
.
The
King
at
first
assaulted
the
City
,
but
to
spare
his
men
,
resolves
to
starve
it
;
for
there
were
at
that
time
in
it
,
above
two
hundred
and
ten
thousand
souls
:
therefore
he
keeps
in
the
Townsmen
by
his
Archers
,
and
a
deep
Ditch
.
This
siege
continued
above
5
months
;
in
which
time
,
many
were
forced
to
eat
Dogs
,
Cats
,
and
such
vermin
;
multitudes
of
the
poorer
sort
were
thrust
out
of
the
gates
,
and
so
perished
with
famin
.
At
last
some
Commissioners
are
sent
to
desire
a
conference
,
which
was
granted
;
so
the
next
morning
four
Knights
,
four
learned
men
,
and
four
Burgesses
,
all
cloathed
in
black
,
repaired
to
the
King
,
and
told
him
,
that
it
stood
not
with
the
honour
of
a
brave
Commander
to
subdue
people
by
famin
,
but
by
valour
;
that
therefore
if
he
would
permit
the
sick
,
with
the
women
and
children
,
to
pass
through
his
Army
,
and
then
assault
their
walls
,
he
should
find
men
to
buckle
with
.
The
King
being
offended
at
this
boldnesse
,
replyed
,
that
he
was
not
to
be
taught
,
neither
when
to
assault
their
City
,
nor
with
what
weapon
,
fire
,
sword
,
and
famin
,
being
equal
instruments
of
destruction
,
and
in
differently
made
use
of
by
the
best
Commanders
of
all
ages
;
therefore
he
tells
them
,
that
neither
will
he
suffer
their
weak
people
to
pass
through
his
Army
,
nor
will
he
relieve
them
,
as
he
hath
done
some
already
,
being
uncharitably
thrust
out
,
and
exposed
to
all
misery
.
Lastly
,
he
tells
them
,
that
he
who
hath
ventured
through
all
their
Countries
,
and
taken
their
strongest
holds
,
dares
assault
the
Town
,
and
take
it
,
when
he
thinks
good
.
Thus
having
spoken
,
he
commanded
they
should
dine
with
his
Chief
Officers
of
State.
After
dinner
,
they
repair
to
the
King
again
,
humbly
desiring
a
Truce
for
eight
days
,
to
resolve
upon
the
best
course
;
which
was
assented
to
by
the
King.
During
the
eight
days
Cessation
from
Arms
,
many
consultations
were
had
,
but
nothing
done
.
One
day
more
is
desired
,
and
granted
;
mean
while
the
commons
do
mutiny
in
the
Town
,
accusing
and
threatning
their
Magistrates
,
and
Commanders
;
who
fearing
the
worst
,
made
them
all
meet
in
the
Market
place
,
and
demanded
what
they
would
have
;
they
answer
,
a
rendition
of
the
City
to
King
Henry
.
So
after
four
days
Truce
more
,
the
City
is
surrendred
.
Burgundy
fearing
insuing
dangers
,
strives
to
reconcile
the
two
Kings
,
hoping
thereby
to
avenge
himself
upon
the
Dolphin
,
and
the
Constable
.
Many
parlies
were
had
,
but
to
no
end
.
The
King
at
last
told
the
Duke
,
that
either
he
would
have
Katherin
the
Kings
daughter
,
with
all
the
Seignories
demanded
,
or
else
he
would
drive
both
his
Master
,
and
himself
out
of
that
kingdom
.
The
Duke
replyed
,
that
the
thing
was
not
so
soon
done
as
spoken
:
Hereupon
the
Duke
reconciles
himself
to
the
Dolphin
,
at
least
in
outward
shew
;
which
was
These
Articles
were
proclaimed
in
England
and
France
,
and
ratified
by
oaths
;
then
both
kings
accompanied
with
young
king
Iames
of
Scotland
,
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
twenty
one
Earls
,
forty
five
Barons
,
besides
multitudes
of
knights
and
others
,
make
war
in
Burgoin
,
taking
in
all
places
that
had
sided
with
the
Dolphin
.
The
murtherers
of
Iohn
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
are
apprehended
,
sent
into
Paris
,
where
shortly
after
they
were
sentenced
and
executed
.
King
Henry
is
proclaimed
Regent
and
heir
apparent
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
first
at
Paris
,
then
at
London
.
At
Paris
the
two
kings
kept
their
Christmass
:
Such
was
king
Henries
entertainment
and
bounty
,
that
he
wins
the
love
of
the
French.
The
late
murthered
Duke
of
Burgoins
widow
,
before
both
the
kings
at
Paris
,
complains
of
the
Dolphin
,
and
seven
others
,
as
murtherers
of
her
Husband
.
All
these
are
cited
to
appear
,
who
failing
,
are
proscribed
,
that
is
,
banished
,
degraded
,
and
divested
of
all
their
Estates
.
The
Dolphin
hearing
this
,
goeth
to
Languedoc
,
where
he
is
aided
with
men
and
mony
,
by
Arminac
,
the
Constable
that
was
.
After
this
king
Henry
and
his
wife
,
go
to
Rohan
,
where
they
receive
homage
of
the
Nobles
of
Normandy
;
for
that
Dutchy
then
having
left
his
brother
Thomas
Duke
of
Clarence
,
General
of
France
and
Normandy
,
and
Salisbury
the
said
Dukes
Deputy
;
he
with
his
wife
go
to
Calice
,
and
so
to
London
,
where
they
are
received
with
much
joy
:
and
shortly
after
,
the
Queen
is
Crowned
at
Westminster
.
Mean
while
Alanson
the
Dolphins
Lieutenant
General
,
levied
a
great
Army
,
against
whom
Clarence
marcheth
with
his
Normandy
Garisons
,
and
pitched
near
Angiers
in
Anjou
.
One
Forgusa
a
Lumbard
,
to
whom
Duke
Clarence
trusted
too
much
,
betrayed
him
,
by
making
him
believe
that
the
French
Army
was
small
,
disordered
,
and
inconsiderable
;
wherefore
he
marcheth
with
his
horse
only
,
leaving
his
Archers
behind
,
and
falling
into
the
Ambushments
of
his
enemies
unawares
,
was
forced
to
fight
upon
great
disadvantages
,
having
four
for
one
against
him
;
and
at
last
after
he
had
stoutly
a
long
time
defended
himself
,
was
totally
overthrown
.
In
this
battel
were
slain
of
the
French
,
above
1000
two
hundred
,
of
the
English
the
Duke
of
Clarence
,
the
Earls
of
Tankervile
,
and
Kent
,
the
Lord
Ross
,
and
about
two
thousand
more
.
The
Earls
of
Somerset
,
Suffolk
,
and
Perch
,
the
Lord
Fitzwater
,
and
many
others
are
taken
prisoners
;
Sir
Thomas
Beauford
,
Commander
of
the
Archers
,
understanding
that
Clarence
was
betrayed
,
hastned
to
succour
him
,
but
came
too
late
,
the
battel
was
fought
:
the
French
upon
the
news
of
Beaufords
coming
,
were
fled
,
with
their
prisoners
and
booty
.
So
finding
the
dead
bodies
,
he
buries
them
,
and
sends
the
corps
of
Duke
Clarence
into
England
,
where
it
was
buried
at
Canterbury
,
near
his
Father
King
Henry
4.
The
news
of
this
defeat
being
come
into
England
,
the
King
grieved
much
for
the
loss
,
chiefly
of
his
brother
.
Then
he
sends
into
Normandy
,
as
successor
to
Clarence
,
the
Earl
of
Mortaign
,
brother
to
Somerset
,
lately
taken
;
and
withall
calls
a
Parliament
,
shewing
how
needful
it
was
to
send
an
Army
against
the
Dolphin
:
For
undertaking
of
which
business
,
he
wanted
not
men
,
but
mony
.
Whereupon
the
Temporalty
gave
him
one
fifteen
,
and
the
Clergy
two
;
and
for
avoiding
expence
of
time
,
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
the
Kings
Uncle
,
disbursed
twenty
thousand
pounds
,
which
were
repaid
him
out
of
the
fifteens
.
An
Army
of
four
thousand
men
at
Arms
,
with
twenty
four
thousand
Archers
,
is
raised
and
sent
to
Calice
,
under
Iohn
Duke
of
Bedford
,
the
Kings
brother
,
whom
the
King
in
his
own
person
followed
.
Who
understanding
that
the
Dolphin
with
seven
thousand
men
had
besieged
Chartiers
,
he
marcheth
directly
thither
;
in
the
way
he
was
met
by
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
who
brought
four
thousand
men
to
him
.
But
the
Dolphin
distrusting
his
own
strength
,
raiseth
his
siege
.
Hereupon
the
King
sends
Burgundy
into
Piccardie
,
to
suppress
S.
Iacques
Harcourt
;
King
Iames
of
Scotland
in
the
mean
time
,
besiegeth
the
Town
of
Direx
,
and
by
storm
takes
it
.
King
Henrie
pursues
the
Dolphin
from
Tours
to
Burgys
in
Berrie
,
but
being
unwilling
to
tire
out
his
men
in
long
pursuits
,
he
returns
over
the
river
of
Loire
,
taking
in
Towns
and
Castles
by
the
way
.
Mean
while
news
is
brought
that
Queen
Katherin
was
delivered
of
a
young
Henry
at
Windsor
,
of
whom
the
King
spake
thus
▪
[
I
Henry
,
born
at
Monmouth
,
shall
remain
but
a
short
time
,
and
gain
much
;
but
Henrie
born
at
Windsor
,
shall
reign
long
,
and
lose
all
.
]
After
this
,
the
King
takes
by
force
the
Town
of
Meux
,
in
Brie
;
hereupon
the
other
Towns
yeilded
.
In
the
interim
,
the
Dolphin
falls
with
fire
and
sword
upon
Burgoins
Country
,
and
besiegeth
Cosney
,
the
Duke
sends
to
the
king
for
aid
,
who
himself
in
person
marcheth
thither
with
great
Forces
;
but
by
the
way
he
fell
sick
,
and
so
was
fain
to
send
his
brother
Iohn
Duke
of
Bedford
:
whereupon
the
Dolphin
raised
his
siege
,
and
retired
into
Berrie
;
the
King
is
caried
unto
Bois
in
Vincennis
,
where
he
died
;
before
his
death
,
he
called
to
him
Iohn
Duke
of
Bedford
,
and
Humphrie
Duke
of
Gloncester
,
his
brothers
:
he
makes
Iohn
Regent
of
France
,
and
Lieutenant
General
of
Normandie
;
and
Humphrie
Protector
of
England
,
and
of
his
sons
person
.
Then
exhorting
them
with
his
Nobles
that
were
present
,
to
keep
friendship
with
Burgundy
,
unity
among
themselves
,
loyalty
to
his
young
son
;
to
take
care
of
his
afflicted
Queen
,
to
maintain
what
he
had
conquered
,
to
prosecute
the
war
against
the
Dolphin
and
Alanson
;
he
thanked
God
for
all
his
conquests
,
and
so
departed
the
38
year
of
his
age
,
and
the
10
of
Owen
Teudor
,
by
whom
she
had
three
sons
,
Edmund
Earl
of
Richmond
,
Father
to
Henry
7.
King
of
England
.
2ᵈ.
Jasper
Earl
of
Pembrok
.
And
3ᵈ.
Owen
.
In
this
Kings
time
,
Sir
Iohn
Oldcastle
,
who
in
the
right
of
his
wife
,
was
called
Lord
Cobham
,
caused
great
troubles
in
the
Kingdome
,
by
maintaining
Wickliffs
opinions
,
which
could
not
be
suppressed
till
Sir
Robert
Acton
,
and
divers
others
were
condemned
by
the
Clergy
for
Heresie
,
by
the
laitie
for
Treason
,
and
so
were
hanged
,
and
then
burned
gallows
and
all
.
King
Henry
the
6.
at
his
Fathers
death
,
was
but
9
months
old
,
the
French
King
being
dead
,
the
people
there
began
to
shake
off
the
English
yoke
,
and
to
adhere
onely
to
their
new
King
Charles
.
The
Lord
Grandvyle
is
sent
to
Pont-Melance
,
which
he
surprised
;
but
not
long
after
,
Montacute
Earl
of
Salisbury
regained
it
to
the
English.
The
Parisians
send
to
England
for
protection
,
which
is
promised
.
The
league
is
renewed
between
the
Regent
,
and
the
Dukes
of
Burgundy
and
Britany
:
The
Regent
Anne
Burgundys
brother
,
but
the
wavering
Parisians
,
diffiding
in
the
English
protection
,
desire
King
Charls
to
receive
their
City
into
his
hands
;
which
the
Regent
understanding
,
comes
upon
them
suddenly
with
his
Army
,
seiseth
on
the
Citie
,
puts
to
death
many
of
the
chief
plotters
of
this
revolt
,
and
Masters
the
Citizens
with
English
Garisons
.
In
the
mean
time
the
Lord
William
Stewart
Constable
of
Scotland
,
with
a
strong
Army
besieges
the
Town
of
Cravant
in
Burgundy
,
which
siege
is
raised
by
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
with
the
loss
of
21
hundred
of
his
men
,
and
8000
of
his
enemies
.
After
this
the
Earl
is
made
Vicegerent
of
France
,
Bry
,
and
Champaigne
,
and
Sir
Iohn
Fastolfe
Deputy
of
Normandy
:
The
King
of
Scots
is
released
and
ransomed
,
who
marrieth
with
Iane
the
Kings
Cousin
German
,
and
daughter
to
the
deceased
Earl
of
Somerset
.
The
Protector
sends
10000
men
with
money
to
the
Regent
in
France
:
Divers
Towns
are
taken
and
retaken
;
the
Duke
of
Britany
revolts
to
the
French
,
and
so
did
his
brother
Arthur
Earl
of
Richmond
,
whom
Henry
5
had
made
Earl
of
Yury
in
Normandy
,
and
Governor
there
;
whereupon
the
Regent
besiegeth
the
Town
,
which
promised
to
yeild
,
if
help
came
not
from
the
French
King
at
a
certain
day
:
Messengers
are
permitted
to
goe
and
acquaint
the
enemy
of
all
things
.
Alanson
shortly
after
with
16000
French
made
shew
to
raise
the
siege
,
but
did
nothing
,
then
he
sits
down
before
Vernoyle
,
giving
out
that
he
had
defeated
the
Regents
Army
,
which
was
false
,
yet
by
this
falshood
he
got
the
Town
;
and
by
his
retreat
suffered
the
Regent
to
be
Lord
of
Yurie
:
Then
the
Regent
gave
battell
to
the
French
and
Scots
at
Vernoyle
:
the
fight
lasts
three
hours
;
in
the
end
the
English
got
the
day
,
who
lost
of
their
own
men
21
hundred
,
Scots
,
French
,
and
Britans
,
besiegeth
Saint
Iames
in
Benyon
defended
onely
by
600
English
;
but
this
handfull
sallying
out
furiously
on
the
enemy
,
and
crying
hidiously
Saint
George
,
Salisbury
,
presently
defeated
this
great
Army
,
supposing
Salisbury
with
his
Forces
had
been
got
into
the
Town
;
many
of
the
enemie
were
drowned
,
more
slain
,
some
taken
prisoners
,
but
most
ran
away
,
leaving
behinde
them
14
piece
of
Ordnance
,
40
barrels
of
powder
,
with
match
,
wine
,
and
other
provisions
;
The
new
Constable
to
redeem
his
lost
honor
,
burneth
a
few
Villages
in
Anjou
,
having
recollected
his
dispersed
Forces
.
But
at
home
fell
out
a
dangerous
difference
between
the
Protector
and
his
Uncle
Henry
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
and
Chancellor
of
England
:
For
appeasing
of
which
,
the
Regent
makes
a
journey
into
England
,
where
by
order
of
Parliament
,
the
differences
are
composed
and
ended
;
in
honor
whereof
the
King
kept
a
solemn
feast
.
In
the
interim
the
Earl
of
Warwick
the
Regents
Lieutenant
in
France
,
takes
many
places
in
Mayne
,
and
is
threatned
by
the
French
Bravadoes
,
to
no
purpose
,
for
having
made
shew
to
fight
,
they
run
away
:
Things
being
quieted
at
home
,
the
Regent
with
his
Uncle
,
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
returns
into
France
;
and
upon
Burgundies
intreaty
he
sets
Alanson
at
liberty
for
the
ransome
of
200
thousand
crowns
;
which
money
he
might
have
had
again
if
he
would
have
sworne
allegiance
to
King
Henry
of
England
,
which
he
would
upon
no
terms
consent
to
.
About
this
time
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
was
made
a
Cardinall
at
Callice
,
more
for
his
wealth
then
for
his
learning
,
for
he
was
a
rich
Prelat
,
but
a
poor
Schollar
.
Auranches
an
English
Garison
in
Normandy
is
besieged
by
Rustian
Marshall
of
Britany
;
but
the
English
sallied
and
defeated
the
Army
,
and
took
the
Marshall
prisoner
.
Pontorson
is
besieged
by
the
English
under
Warwick
and
the
Lord
Scales
,
who
forraged
the
enemies
Countrie
there
about
;
and
being
encountred
by
some
French
Lords
,
and
6000
other
Soldiers
,
he
defeats
them
,
and
takes
some
of
these
Lords
,
with
one
thousand
more
prisoners
:
The
Garison
of
Saint
Susan
surpriseth
the
Castle
of
Ramfort
;
which
twenty
thousand
French
appointed
to
raise
the
siege
of
Pontorson
,
regains
from
the
English
,
when
in
the
mean
while
Pontorson
is
taken
by
Warwick
,
the
City
of
Mouns
is
betrayed
by
some
of
the
Clergy
and
Magistrates
within
,
who
in
the
night
murthered
the
English
Guard
that
maintained
the
first
watch
,
opened
the
Gates
,
and
let
in
five
hundred
French
men
,
who
committed
great
slaughter
there
,
the
Earl
of
Suffolk
,
Governor
of
the
Town
,
with
most
of
the
English
Soldiers
enter
the
Castle
,
and
held
out
a
siege
,
till
the
Lord
Talbot
in
the
night
with
seaven
hundred
men
,
by
the
assistance
of
Suffolk
and
the
others
in
the
Castle
,
regained
it
;
the
English
crying
S.
George
Talbot
so
amazed
the
sleepie
French
in
the
dark
,
that
many
broke
their
necks
over
the
walls
,
thirty
Citizens
,
twenty
Priests
,
and
fifteen
Friers
who
had
betrayed
the
Citie
,
were
tortured
About
this
time
died
the
Duke
of
Exeter
,
the
Kings
Tutor
,
which
charge
was
conferred
on
Warwick
,
and
in
his
room
was
set
up
Thomas
Montacute
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
who
is
sent
into
France
with
five
thousand
men
,
to
which
number
as
many
more
were
added
;
with
these
he
marcheth
against
Orleans
,
seated
on
the
River
of
Loyre
,
it
was
strongly
fortified
by
the
Bastard
and
Bishop
of
that
place
,
a
Bulwark
was
erected
on
the
Bridge
,
out
of
which
issued
the
Bastard
of
Orleans
,
but
was
beaten
back
into
the
Town
with
the
loss
of
his
men
,
and
of
the
Fort
:
About
two
months
after
the
Town
was
besieged
,
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
looking
into
the
Town
out
at
a
window
of
the
Tower
within
the
Bulwark
,
was
unhappily
killed
with
a
great
shot
,
whose
death
was
fatall
to
the
English
,
who
began
now
to
decline
in
their
victories
.
Suffolk
is
made
Generall
in
that
siege
,
whom
the
Regent
furnisheth
with
new
supplies
by
Sir
Iohn
Falstolph
;
who
in
his
return
towards
the
siege
,
is
set
upon
by
9000
French
,
under
Delabreth
,
and
Steward
,
now
Constable
of
France
,
who
with
five
thousand
five
hundred
of
their
men
are
slain
,
and
eleven
thousand
taken
prisoners
.
This
was
called
by
the
French
the
battel
of
herrings
,
because
the
English
chief
provision
then
was
such
Lenten
Stuffe
.
Orleans
being
wearie
of
so
long
a
siege
,
and
finding
the
French
aid
failed
them
,
sent
to
the
Duke
of
Burgoin
,
to
take
them
into
his
protection
,
to
which
he
assented
if
the
Regent
would
so
agree
thereunto
;
but
he
refused
,
thinking
it
a
dishonour
for
King
Henry
to
beat
the
Bush
,
and
another
to
catch
the
Hare
:
Wherefore
the
Duke's
affection
to
the
English
began
to
grow
colde
.
At
last
Alanson
in
the
night
time
(
the
English
Watches
being
carelesse
)
conveyed
many
Regiments
of
men
,
and
Provisions
are
conveyed
into
the
Towne
,
so
that
shortly
after
they
Sallied
out
,
slew
six
hundred
of
our
men
,
and
tooke
two
Bulwarks
.
They
assaulted
also
Talboat
,
in
the
Bastile
,
who
beat
them
back
into
the
Towne
with
losse
of
their
men
.
The
next
day
Suffolke
quitted
the
Siege
;
and
was
himselfe
within
few
dayes
after
Besieged
,
and
taken
Prisoner
,
with
his
Brother
,
and
many
more
,
in
the
Towne
of
Iargzaux
,
by
Alanson
,
who
kills
all
his
Prisoners
,
except
the
former
two
.
Alansons
Army
consisting
of
twenty
three
thousand
men
,
was
increased
by
the
comming
of
Arthur
of
Brittan
,
Count
Vaudeme
,
and
many
more
,
who
fall
upon
Talbot
,
Scales
,
and
Hungerford
,
as
they
were
conducting
five
thousand
men
to
Fortifie
the
Towne
of
Meum
,
these
three
are
taken
Prisoners
after
some
Bloudie
blowes
,
and
twelve
hundred
of
their
Company
slaine
.
The
Report
of
the
French
good
Successe
,
made
many
Townes
and
Forts
revolt
to
them
:
Hereupon
the
French
King
with
a
great
Army
enters
Champaigne
,
takes
Troys
,
the
Chiefe
City
of
that
Province
;
Challons
and
Rhemes
revolt
to
King
Charles
;
upon
this
he
is
presently
Crowned
there
;
the
report
of
whose
Coronation
,
caused
many
places
to
rebell
,
and
submit
to
the
French
King.
The
Regent
finding
the
French
so
fortunate
in
recovering
their
Townes
,
meanes
to
trie
them
in
a
Pitch'd
Battell
,
therefore
Summons
King
Charles
to
a
Fight
,
who
accepts
of
the
Challenge
;
but
when
it
came
to
the
upshot
,
he
raised
his
Camp
in
the
night
,
and
run
away
;
the
next
morning
the
Regent
pursues
him
,
but
could
not
induce
him
to
fight
;
wherefore
he
returnes
with
his
Army
to
Paris
,
where
hearing
of
dayly
revolts
,
marcheth
out
againe
with
his
Army
of
ten
thousand
men
,
hoping
to
make
the
French
(
whose
number
was
more
then
double
)
to
ingage
,
but
could
not
;
about
this
time
King
Henry
was
Crowned
.
The
Regent
perceiving
that
the
Townes
of
France
generally
revolted
,
resolves
to
make
Normandy
sure
;
therefore
he
repaires
thither
,
calls
a
Parliament
,
and
lets
them
know
,
the
right
England
,
Ann
the
Regents
wife
,
and
sister
to
the
Burgundian
died
,
whereby
the
Dukes
affections
to
the
Regent
grew
cold
daily
;
the
truce
lately
concluded
,
is
broken
by
the
French
,
who
by
secret
underminings
possest
themselves
daily
of
towns
and
castles
;
they
secretly
convey
200
soldiers
into
the
castle
of
Rohan
,
hoping
to
surprize
it
,
but
the
treason
is
detected
,
and
the
conspirators
Talbot
,
Faulconbridg
,
and
sir
Thomas
Kyriel
with
5000
men
to
raise
the
siege
from
Crotoy
,
afore
which
Burgundy
lay
with
1000
men
.
The
D.
upon
this
flies
into
Albevyl
,
and
from
thence
into
Amiens
;
the
English
finding
that
he
would
not
fight
,
enter
Piccardy
and
Artois
,
spoiling
all
before
them
,
and
carrying
away
much
bootie
;
Kyriel
surprized
the
Dukes
carriages
and
ordnance
.
The
E.
of
Mortayn
,
Somersets
son
,
took
the
Richard
Beauchamp
E.
of
Warwick
and
Regent
of
France
died
;
so
Richard
D.
of
York
is
made
Regent
the
2d
time
,
who
with
a
great
army
repairs
to
the
siege
,
daring
the
French
K
▪
into
the
field
,
which
he
refused
;
so
leaving
his
Ordnance
in
the
Bastyl
of
S.
Martin
which
he
had
erected
,
raised
his
siege
in
the
night
,
and
went
to
Poysy
;
the
English
next
morning
seise
themselves
of
the
tents
and
provisions
left
behinde
,
so
having
fortified
the
town
,
the
Regent
with
his
army
goeth
towards
Poysy
and
dares
the
French
King
;
who
finding
it
good
sleeping
in
a
whole
skin
,
refused
to
fight
;
whereupon
the
Regent
forsakes
him
,
and
marcheth
to
Rohan
;
when
the
French
K.
heard
that
the
English
were
so
far
off
,
he
besiegeth
Ponthoys
the
2d
time
,
assaulting
it
almost
every
hour
,
he
lost
before
it
almost
3000
men
,
and
in
the
end
he
won
the
town
,
where
he
slew
400
English.
At
last
both
Kings
being
weary
of
war
,
desire
a
parley
,
for
which
Callis
was
appointed
,
because
Charls
of
Orleans
who
had
bin
a
prisoner
in
England
ever
since
the
battel
of
Agencourt
,
was
to
be
conveyed
thither
;
the
Ambassadors
could
not
agree
,
because
K.
Henrys
demands
were
thought
unreasonable
.
King
Henry
made
the
L.
Talbot
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
,
and
sent
him
into
Normandy
with
3000
choice
men
.
The
E.
of
Arminac
to
strengthen
his
title
of
inheritance
to
the
Countess
of
Comings
lands
,
offers
his
daughter
in
mariage
to
King
Henry
,
with
much
money
,
and
a
surrender
of
all
the
lands
in
Aquitan
belonging
to
him
;
this
offer
was
willingly
hearkned
unto
;
but
the
French
King
prevented
the
matoh
,
by
making
himself
owner
of
the
said
Earls
dominions
;
So
King
Henry
will
think
no
more
on
that
match
.
After
much
effusion
of
blood
,
a
peace
is
made
between
the
two
Kingdomes
Sicily
,
Naples
and
Ierusalem
.
He
demands
no
money
,
because
the
Duke
was
poor
,
he
also
consents
that
King
Henry
shall
freely
release
to
her
Father
,
all
his
right
to
the
Dutchie
of
Anjou
,
and
Countrey
of
Mayne
:
This
motion
was
well
liked
by
the
French
Lords
;
and
King
Henry
;
but
opposed
by
the
Protector
,
because
the
Duke
was
poor
,
his
honor
but
〈◊〉
.
●…ar
.
2.
That
the
King
was
ingaged
to
Mary
,
Arminacs
daughter
.
3.
〈◊〉
his
loss
would
be
great
to
part
with
his
interest
in
Anjou
and
Mayne
;
but
these
reasons
were
rejected
,
the
King
resolves
to
have
her
,
and
therefore
bestowes
new
honors
on
them
who
were
inclined
to
this
match
;
among
others
this
Earl
of
Suffolk
is
made
Marquis
,
whom
the
King
sends
richly
attended
into
France
,
to
receive
the
young
Queen
from
the
French
King
,
and
Reyner
her
Father
;
within
few
days
after
her
arrivall
she
was
married
,
and
Crowned
.
The
time
of
the
truce
is
almost
expired
,
great
preparations
in
France
for
renewing
the
War
,
King
Henry
to
incounter
those
preparations
,
calls
a
Such
was
the
condition
of
France
at
this
time
,
that
within
few
years
the
whole
Kingdome
with
Aquitan
and
Normandy
is
lost
to
the
English
;
partly
by
the
wise
Counsels
of
the
Duke
of
Orleans
,
who
had
he
been
kept
a
prisoner
still
,
it
had
been
better
for
England
,
and
partly
by
means
of
this
unfortunate
match
between
the
King
and
Queen
,
whereby
he
lost
Arminac
,
and
other
friends
,
nor
did
this
Lady
bring
either
money
or
new
friends
to
strengthen
his
cause
:
Besides
,
the
giving
up
of
his
right
of
Anjou
and
Mayne
,
lost
him
both
Normandy
and
Aquitan
.
The
murther
also
of
Glocester
his
wise
Counseller
,
and
the
Kings
own
milde
and
peaceable
disposition
,
were
main
causes
of
the
loss
of
France
;
now
the
Queen
being
of
a
haughty
and
revengefull
spirit
,
scorned
that
the
King
should
be
altogether
ruled
by
Glocester
the
Protector
,
therefore
she
being
incouraged
by
Buckingham
,
Suffolk
,
the
Cardinall
of
Winchester
,
and
the
Arch-Bishop
of
York
,
all
enemies
to
the
Protector
,
calls
him
in
question
,
for
the
treasure
spent
in
the
French
Wars
;
then
in
Parliament
they
condemn
him
to
imprisonment
,
for
high
Treason
;
and
the
next
day
he
was
found
dead
;
thus
was
that
good
Duke
of
Glocester
rewarded
for
his
faithfull
service
.
Upon
his
death
the
Duke
of
York
begins
secretly
to
set
on
foot
his
Title
to
the
Crown
,
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
fills
his
Coffers
with
the
peoples
money
.
The
Souldiers
are
neglected
,
the
Kings
Counsellers
disabled
,
and
the
people
discontented
.
The
Truce
with
France
is
violated
on
the
English
side
,
by
taking
the
Town
of
Tongyers
on
the
Frontiers
of
Normandy
,
belonging
to
the
Duke
of
Britany
,
without
satisfaction
given
to
the
Duke
,
and
on
the
French
side
,
by
taking
Pont-Larch
12
miles
from
Rohan
,
where
the
English
were
cruelly
slain
,
and
their
goods
rifled
;
so
within
a
few
years
after
,
the
most
Towns
in
Normandy
and
Guyan
are
delivered
up
to
the
French
among
the
rest
,
Harflew
,
and
The
Irish
expedition
hindred
the
affairs
of
Normandy
;
yet
Sir
Thomas
Kyriel
is
sent
thither
with
1400
men
,
who
regained
some
lost
places
,
and
Matthew
Gough
and
others
,
so
that
now
their
army
consists
of
5000
who
encountring
with
7000
of
the
enemies
marching
to
the
siege
of
Cane
were
overthrown
,
4000
of
them
being
slain
:
Cane
is
closely
besieged
,
and
assaulted
by
the
French
,
but
so
stoutly
defended
by
the
English
,
that
many
French
men
lost
their
lives
there
;
at
last
the
English
being
tired
out
,
and
Sommerset
importuned
by
his
wife
,
and
clamours
of
the
meaner
people
,
resolves
to
surrender
it
,
though
he
was
much
opposed
in
this
by
Sir
David
Hall
,
Captain
of
Cane
,
who
affirmed
that
this
Town
belonged
not
to
the
King
,
but
to
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
that
therefore
Sommerset
though
the
Kings
Lieutenant
there
,
could
not
surrender
it
;
but
at
last
it
is
yeilded
upon
Articles
:
And
so
now
all
Normandy
is
lost
.
Sir
David
Hall
in
anger
sailes
into
Ireland
,
and
incenseth
York
against
Sommerset
,
whom
he
persecuted
so
,
that
at
last
this
Sommerset
lost
his
head
.
The
Queen
is
blamed
for
the
loss
of
Normandy
;
The
Queen
to
prevent
the
Dukes
further
perill
,
who
could
not
clear
himself
of
these
Articles
,
caused
him
to
be
sent
to
the
Tower
,
and
then
concluding
the
Parliament
,
restored
him
to
high
favour
with
the
King
;
the
people
repine
at
this
,
and
then
openly
rebell
,
under
Blewbeard
their
Commander
,
but
this
rebellion
was
nipped
in
the
bud
,
and
the
Ring
leaders
executed
.
Upon
this
a
Parliament
is
called
ar
Leicester
,
where
in
the
lower
House
Justice
is
required
to
be
done
of
Suffolk
,
whom
the
King
to
please
the
people
exiled
for
5
years
,
but
as
he
was
sailing
to
France
,
he
is
taken
,
landed
on
Dover
sands
,
and
his
head
chopt
off
on
a
boats
side
:
Thus
was
the
blood
of
Humphry
Duke
of
Glocester
revenged
.
Mean
while
the
Dvke
of
York
in
Ireland
,
sets
on
foot
here
in
England
his
claim
to
the
Crown
,
as
being
descended
lineally
from
Philip
heir
of
George
Duke
of
Clarence
,
the
elder
brother
of
Iohn
of
Gaunt
,
great
Grand-father
to
King
Henry
6.
It
was
also
whispered
about
that
God
blessed
not
King
Henrys
usurped
succession
,
as
might
be
seen
by
the
loss
of
France
:
The
weakness
of
the
King
,
the
ambition
of
the
Queen
,
and
wickedness
of
the
Counsellers
;
hereupon
a
Kentisb
Rebel
,
Iack
Cads
,
who
falsly
called
himself
Mortimer
,
made
an
insurrection
there
,
and
with
his
armed
crew
marched
towards
Greanwich
,
where
the
King
then
was
,
to
whom
he
sent
messengers
,
to
inform
him
,
that
he
meant
not
to
hurt
his
person
,
but
to
remove
his
evil
Councellors
,
who
had
oppressed
the
people
.
The
King
upon
this
is
counselled
to
encounter
these
Rebels
,
not
with
words
,
but
swords
;
therefore
an
Army
is
suddenly
raised
,
the
Rebels
retreat
,
whom
the
Kin●…s
Forces
under
Sir
Humphry
Stafford
,
and
his
brother
,
pursued
:
the
Rebels
taking
advantage
of
place
and
time
,
confronted
and
overcame
many
of
the
Kings
Forces
.
After
this
victory
,
Iack
with
his
graceless
rout
,
came
to
black
Heath
,
thence
to
London
,
where
they
did
much
mischief
;
but
at
length
the
Kings
pardon
is
proclaimed
to
all
,
except
to
the
Ring-leaders
;
so
the
fearful
multitude
left
their
Captains
.
Iack
is
proscribed
,
and
a
thousand
Marks
promised
to
him
that
shall
bring
him
dead
or
alive
.
In
the
end
he
was
found
,
and
slain
;
as
he
fought
desperately
for
his
life
,
his
head
is
presented
to
the
King
,
who
paid
the
reward
.
The
Duke
of
York
being
advertised
by
his
friends
,
and
such
as
disliked
the
Edward
Tuthar
King
Henries
brother
by
the
mother
side
,
and
father
to
King
Henry
the
seventh
,
is
made
Earl
of
Richmond
.
The
Duke
of
York
complains
to
divers
of
the
Nobility
,
of
the
Treasons
and
Treacheries
of
Somerset
,
and
strengthens
himself
by
the
assistance
of
the
Earls
of
Salisbury
,
and
Warwick
;
then
he
causeth
Somerset
to
be
arrested
of
High
Treason
in
the
Queens
great
Chamber
,
whence
he
was
conveyed
to
the
The
Parliament
is
adjourned
by
reason
of
the
Kings
either
reall
or
feigned
sickness
:
Shortly
after
,
Somerset
is
inlarged
,
and
made
Governor
of
Calice
,
to
the
great
discontent
both
of
Lords
and
Commons
;
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
his
associats
,
raise
another
Army
within
the
Marches
of
Wales
,
both
to
be
revenged
on
Somerset
,
and
to
set
the
Crown
upon
Yorks
head
;
so
they
march
towards
London
.
The
King
to
prevent
his
coming
thither
,
meets
him
with
another
Army
at
Saint
Albons
;
a
bloudy
battail
is
fought
,
on
the
Kings
part
were
slain
Somerset
,
Stafford
,
Buckingham
,
Clifford
,
and
more
then
eight
thousand
Lords
,
Knights
,
and
others
.
The
King
is
taken
prisoner
,
and
brought
to
the
Duke
of
York
,
who
having
power
to
kill
him
,
yet
used
him
with
all
respect
,
and
brought
him
with
honour
to
London
;
where
upon
the
Dukes
request
,
a
Parliament
is
called
,
and
York
made
Protector
of
the
Kings
person
,
and
kingdom
.
Salisbury
is
made
Lord
Chancelour
,
and
his
son
Warwick
,
Captain
of
Calice
;
and
so
the
kingdom
was
governed
,
to
the
content
of
all
good
men
;
but
Humphrie
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
who
lost
his
eldest
son
in
the
battail
of
S.
Albons
,
and
Beauford
,
the
new
Duke
of
Somerset
,
who
then
lost
his
Father
,
inform
the
Queen
,
that
for
all
this
fair
shew
,
these
Triumviri
Hereupon
the
Queen
and
they
in
a
●…reat
Councel
held
at
Greenwich
,
remove
York
and
Salisbury
from
their
government
:
Hence
divers
broils
are
bred
;
the
Merchant-strangers
in
London
,
for
growing
richer
then
others
,
because
of
their
parcimony
,
and
vigilancy
,
are
robbed
,
but
the
chief
offendors
in
this
were
put
to
death
.
The
French
burn
and
rob
some
Frontier
Towns
in
this
kingdom
.
The
Scots
also
did
much
hurt
in
York
shire
,
till
the
Duke
came
against
them
with
a
great
Army
,
then
they
retreated
into
thei●…
own
Country
.
The
Queen
made
great
shew
of
love
to
York
,
but
meant
his
ruine
;
therefore
she
got
the
King
to
make
his
Progress
to
the
North
,
Hunting
and
Hawking
by
the
way
:
Mean
while
by
her
letters
she
requires
the
three
Lords
to
come
to
a
speedy
Conference
with
the
King
:
whereupon
they
came
,
suspecting
no
hurt
,
and
were
kindly
used
.
But
being
advertised
of
their
danger
,
the
Duke
of
York
fled
to
Wales
,
Salisbury
to
his
own
Country
,
and
his
son
Warwick
into
Calice
.
The
King
fearing
that
these
jars
among
his
Nobles
,
would
occasion
his
enemies
abroad
to
attempt
mischief
against
him
and
his
kingdom
,
caused
all
his
Lords
to
meet
at
London
.
The
Lancastrian
Faction
lodged
in
the
Suburbs
,
The
Duke
of
York
perceiving
that
his
life
was
secretly
aimed
at
,
raiseth
an
Army
,
and
claims
his
Title
to
the
Crown
in
the
open
Field
.
Therefore
he
The
Lords
understanding
their
two
chief
Captains
were
revolted
,
and
diffiding
in
their
cause
,
fled
from
their
Army
in
the
dark
;
the
Duke
into
Wales
,
and
thence
into
Ireland
,
the
other
two
into
Devonshire
,
and
from
thence
to
Calice
.
The
King
glad
at
their
flight
,
pursues
them
,
but
too
late
;
he
pardoneth
the
ordinary
soldiers
of
the
Yorkish
Faction
,
but
their
Captains
were
executed
.
The
Lords
are
proclaimed
Traitors
,
their
goods
and
lands
confiscated
,
the
government
of
the
North
is
committed
to
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
and
to
the
Lord
Clifford
.
Henry
the
young
Duke
of
Somerset
,
is
made
Commander
of
Calice
,
who
going
to
take
possession
,
not
thinking
his
Enemies
were
there
,
was
beat
off
by
the
great
Guns
from
the
Castle
.
The
Queen
hearing
of
this
,
prepares
to
send
a
new
Fleet
,
which
lay
ready
at
Sandwich
;
but
the
Mariners
,
who
favoured
the
Yorkish
Faction
,
boarded
these
Ships
,
as
they
lay
at
anchor
,
and
conveyed
them
with
the
Lord
Rivers
,
appointed
Admiral
of
them
,
to
Calice
;
Warwick
sails
in
them
to
Ireland
,
to
confer
with
the
Duke
of
York
.
In
his
return
,
the
Duke
of
Exeter
,
Admiral
of
the
Seas
,
intended
to
take
him
,
but
his
Mariners
,
Favorers
of
the
Yorkish
Faction
,
were
cold
in
the
pursuit
:
so
Warwick
returned
safe
to
Calice
.
The
King
upon
advice
of
his
Parliament
,
attainteth
all
the
Lords
of
the
Yorkish
Faction
,
of
high
treason
,
and
fills
all
the
Sea
Ports
with
Garisons
,
for
fear
of
Invasion
:
But
the
Earls
at
Calice
had
secret
notice
of
every
thing
done
in
the
Kings
Chamber
;
they
manned
divers
of
the
Kings
ships
,
which
Dynham
had
brought
thither
,
in
which
they
arrived
within
the
haven
of
Sandwich
,
and
took
Sir
Simon
Mountfort
prisoner
,
Warden
of
the
Cinque
Ports
,
vanquished
the
Town
,
and
caried
away
such
of
the
Kings
Ships
,
as
they
found
there
.
They
arrive
at
Sandwich
the
second
time
,
and
are
assisted
by
the
Lord
Cobham
,
with
twenty
five
thousand
men
,
who
march
towards
London
,
whither
the
Lord
Scales
is
sent
to
secure
it
for
the
King
:
but
the
Lord
Major
would
not
suffer
him
to
enter
,
shewing
he
had
power
sufficient
to
keep
the
City
for
the
King
;
so
Scales
in
anger
,
possesseth
the
Tower
,
and
annoics
the
Londoners
.
The
King
marcheth
with
Buckingham
and
Somerset
,
and
with
many
other
Lords
,
and
a
strong
Army
,
against
the
Enemy
:
the
two
Armies
met
near
Northampton
;
the
King
is
for
Peace
,
the
Queen
for
a
Battail
,
who
therefore
incourageth
the
soldiers
.
The
fight
began
,
and
lasted
two
houres
very
furiously
:
At
last
the
King
is
overthrown
,
two
thousand
of
his
men
slain
,
among
which
were
Buckingham
,
Shrewsbury
,
and
many
others
.
The
Queen
with
Somerset
and
the
Prince
,
fled
to
Durham
,
hoping
to
raise
a
new
Army
,
or
else
to
shelter
themselves
in
Scotland
.
The
King
is
taken
prisoner
,
and
caried
honourably
to
London
.
The
Tower
is
delivered
to
the
Lords
by
the
soldiers
,
against
the
will
of
the
Lord
Scales
,
who
striving
to
escape
disguised
in
a
wherry
,
is
taken
and
beheaded
.
The
Duke
of
York
hearing
of
his
Victory
,
repairs
to
London
,
calls
a
Parliament
in
the
Kings
name
,
and
sate
down
in
the
Kings
seat
in
the
upper
House
,
where
in
an
eloquent
speech
,
he
discovered
his
title
to
the
Crown
,
being
heir
to
Anne
daughter
of
Roger
Mortimer
,
son
and
heir
to
Philip
,
the
only
daughter
of
Lionel
Duke
of
Clarence
,
the
third
son
of
Edward
the
third
,
and
elder
brother
to
Iohn
of
Gant
,
who
was
Father
to
the
Usurper
,
King
Henry
the
fourth
.
He
related
also
the
several
calamities
that
fell
upon
this
kingdom
,
under
that
unlawful
government
.
Lastly
,
he
requires
no
favour
,
but
what
justice
will
afford
him
,
nor
other
possession
,
then
what
his
descent
and
title
will
allow
him
.
The
Lords
and
Commons
after
long
deliberation
,
enacted
,
that
King
Henry
should
continue
King
for
his
life
;
that
the
Duke
of
York
should
be
proclaimed
heir
apparent
of
the
Crown
;
that
he
should
be
Protector
both
of
King
,
and
kingdom
;
and
that
the
present
possession
of
the
Crown
,
should
be
delivered
to
him
,
if
at
any
time
King
Henry
,
or
his
friends
,
should
attempt
to
infringe
these
Acts
,
now
confirmed
by
Oaths
.
The
Duke
of
York
,
being
now
Protector
,
sends
to
Scotland
in
the
Kings
name
,
to
the
Queen
,
Somerset
,
Exeter
,
Devonshire
,
Clifford
,
and
Ross
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Lords
fled
thither
,
to
repair
to
the
Kings
presence
;
but
they
instead
of
obeying
this
command
,
come
to
the
Court
with
an
Army
of
eighteen
thousand
English
and
Scots
.
Hereupon
the
Duke
of
York
,
with
his
younger
son
,
the
Earl
of
Rutland
,
and
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
leaving
the
King
with
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
and
Earl
of
Warwick
,
march
with
five
thousand
men
,
and
met
the
Queen
at
Wakefield
.
The
Duke
in
expectation
of
his
eldest
son
Edward
,
Earl
of
March
,
with
a
great
Army
,
would
needs
fight
,
which
unfortunately
he
did
,
for
there
he
was
slain
,
and
almost
three
thousand
of
his
men
.
Rutland
being
but
twelve
years
old
,
kneeling
,
desired
mercy
,
but
was
cruelly
stabbed
by
the
Lord
Clifford
.
Salisburies
head
,
with
divers
others
,
are
struck
off
,
and
set
upon
the
walls
of
York
,
in
spight
of
the
Yorkish
Faction
.
The
young
Duke
of
York
after
this
,
with
three
thousand
men
,
fights
Pembroke
,
the
Kings
half
brother
,
and
some
other
Lords
,
with
their
companies
.
In
the
first
incounter
,
Pembroke
,
and
the
Earl
of
Ormond
fled
,
four
Owen
Tuthar
Father
in
law
to
King
Henry
,
is
taken
prisoner
,
with
many
others
,
and
put
to
death
.
Mean
while
the
Q.
Army
beats
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
and
rescues
King
Henry
from
his
power
.
But
when
she
heard
of
young
Yorks
victory
,
she
retreats
Northward
,
and
raiseth
sixty
thousand
men
,
and
near
Towton
,
is
met
by
York
,
Warwick
,
and
almost
forty
nine
thousand
men
;
a
cruel
battail
is
fought
,
in
which
above
thirty
six
thousand
English
are
slain
;
among
which
,
were
divers
Earls
,
and
Lords
,
the
two
Dukes
,
Somerset
and
Exeter
fled
,
Devonshire
,
with
many
others
,
taken
prisoners
;
the
King
,
Queen
,
Prince
Edward
,
and
others
,
are
fled
into
Scotland
,
where
they
are
friendly
intertained
by
the
young
King
;
in
recompence
of
which
favour
,
Barwick
is
delivered
to
the
king
of
Scots
.
The
Duke
of
York
being
Victor
,
rode
triumphantly
into
York
,
took
down
the
heads
of
his
Father
and
Friends
,
and
in
the
same
place
causes
the
heads
of
Devonshire
,
and
some
others
,
to
be
set
up
.
King
Henry
sends
his
Queen
,
with
Prince
Edward
,
to
her
Father
Reyner
,
desiring
him
to
procure
aid
from
the
French
king
:
In
the
mean
while
he
resolves
to
stay
in
Scotland
,
in
expectation
of
better
fortunes
.
These
troubles
were
presaged
by
a
blazing
star
,
divers
prodigious
births
,
and
a
monstrous
cock
out
of
the
sea
.
A
Porcland
crowed
three
times
,
turning
his
head
to
the
South
,
North
,
and
West
.
In
king
Henries
time
Pauls
steeple
was
fired
with
Lightning
,
and
Leaden
Hall
in
London
built
.
Upon
a
League
with
Spain
,
our
Sheep
are
transported
thither
.
The
white
and
red
Roses
began
to
be
the
badges
of
York
and
Lancaster
.
Whittington
Colledge
,
and
Newgate
are
built
.
The
Bishop
of
Salisbury
is
pulled
from
the
high
Altar
,
as
he
was
saying
Mass
,
and
on
the
top
of
a
Hill
near
Edington
,
is
barbarously
murthered
by
the
Wiltshire
men
.
Each
one
of
his
tenants
carying
away
in
triumph
,
a
piece
of
his
bloudy
shirt
.
In
this
kings
time
also
,
France
,
Normandy
,
and
Aquitain
,
are
lost
,
five
main
battails
fought
between
the
two
great
Factions
:
1.
At
Saint
Albons
,
in
which
the
Yorkish
prevailed
.
2.
On
●…loar
Heath
,
wherein
the
confederate
Lords
are
Victors
.
3.
At
Northampton
,
in
which
king
Henry
is
overthrown
.
4.
At
Wakefield
,
wherein
the
king
was
victorious
.
5.
At
Towton
,
in
which
the
new
Duke
of
York
prevailed
.
CHAP.
XXV
.
A
Prosecution
of
the
Scottish
History
under
Robert
Duke
of
Albany
,
and
Mardo
Earl
of
Fife
Governours
;
also
under
James
the
first
,
and
James
the
second
,
Kings
,
from
the
year
1400
,
till
the
year
1460.
WEE
shewed
before
,
that
the
peace
being
broken
by
Piercies
England
.
Archibald
Duglas
,
with
ten
thousand
men
,
rageth
with
fire
and
sword
as
far
as
New
Castle
.
Henry
Piercy
,
and
George
Dumbar
,
meets
him
with
a
strong
Army
;
a
battail
is
fought
,
the
Scots
are
defeated
,
and
Duglas
having
lost
one
eye
,
is
taken
prisoner
,
with
some
other
Lords
.
This
battail
was
fought
at
Hamildon
in
Northumberland
;
The
king
of
England
having
received
Letters
from
the
Scots
King
,
shewing
the
causes
of
his
sons
going
to
France
,
and
withall
desiring
he
may
not
be
detained
in
England
,
desires
to
be
advised
by
his
Councel
,
what
he
should
do
in
this
case
;
some
were
of
opinion
,
that
seeing
this
Prince
was
sent
away
to
secure
him
from
danger
,
and
that
there
was
now
a
peace
with
Scotland
,
the
Scots
Prince
should
be
set
free
,
and
hospitably
used
;
and
that
there
was
no
policy
at
that
time
to
exasperate
the
Scots
:
but
others
affirmed
,
that
his
detension
was
just
,
because
the
Scots
had
aided
Piercy
against
the
king
,
and
that
old
Piercy
being
a
traitour
,
is
maintained
and
sheltred
by
the
Scots
king
.
This
opinion
prevailed
;
Prince
Iames
is
retained
,
and
care
taken
for
his
education
.
But
when
news
came
of
his
captivity
to
king
Robert
his
father
,
being
then
at
Supper
,
he
fell
suddenly
so
ill
,
that
they
could
scarce
keep
life
in
him
;
so
grieved
he
was
,
that
within
three
days
he
died
,
the
16
year
of
his
Reign
.
The
Government
of
the
kingdom
is
committed
to
his
brother
Robert.
In
the
five
For
ten
years
after
this
,
no
memorable
action
is
recorded
between
the
two
kingdoms
;
either
because
of
the
Truce
,
and
the
English
imployments
in
France
,
under
Henry
the
fifth
,
or
else
because
the
Governour
of
Scotland
durst
not
stir
,
fearing
lest
the
king
of
England
should
send
home
the
right
heir
to
the
kingdom
Some
inroads
the
Borderers
made
now
and
then
upon
each
other
,
but
not
by
publick
Authority
:
The
Dolphin
of
France
being
disinherited
by
his
crazy-headed
father
,
sends
to
Scotland
for
aid
,
according
to
the
old
League
.
A
Parliament
is
summoned
,
and
seven
thousand
Voluntaries
under
Iohn
Earl
of
Buchan
are
sent
,
who
got
the
French
a
memorable
victory
against
the
English
,
for
which
,
he
is
made
High
Constable
of
France
,
the
highest
office
next
to
the
King.
Mean
while
,
Robert
Protector
of
Scotland
dieth
,
fifteen
years
after
the
death
of
king
Robert
the
third
.
In
his
place
is
set
up
his
son
Mordacus
,
a
man
unfit
for
Government
;
which
called
the
Earl
of
Buchan
home
from
France
,
who
shortly
after
was
invited
again
by
the
Dolphin
Orleans
.
Scotland
in
the
interim
,
is
untowardly
governed
by
Mordacus
,
and
his
three
unruly
sons
,
who
sleighted
their
old
father
.
Walter
the
eldest
,
being
in
love
with
one
of
his
fathers
Falcons
,
begged
him
,
but
having
received
a
denial
,
in
anger
wrung
off
his
neck
;
to
whom
the
old
man
thus
spake
Son
,
(
saith
he
)
because
thou
wilt
not
obey
me
,
I
will
send
for
one
whom
both
thou
and
I
shall
obey
.
Wherefore
he
resolves
to
send
for
his
Cousin
German
King
Iames.
A
Parliament
is
called
at
Perth
,
where
it
is
unanimously
concluded
,
that
the
King
must
be
sent
for
,
all
men
being
weary
of
the
present
Government
.
Ambassadors
are
dispatched
into
England
,
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
being
then
tector
of
the
young
King
,
calls
a
Parliament
;
in
which
it
was
resolved
the
Scots
King
should
be
sent
home
,
and
to
indear
him
the
more
to
England
,
the
Duke
of
Somersets
daughter
is
given
to
him
in
mariage
;
her
portion
should
be
retained
for
half
of
the
Kings
Ransom
,
for
paiment
of
the
other
half
,
some
Hostages
should
be
left
:
So
Iames
returns
home
the
eighteenth
year
of
his
Captivity
,
to
the
great
joy
of
the
people
,
who
complained
of
their
grievances
The
King
and
Queen
are
Crowned
about
the
twentieth
of
April
,
Mordac
set
the
King
in
his
Throne
,
a
ceremony
belonging
to
the
Earls
of
Fife
.
A
Parliament
is
held
,
and
some
good
laws
enacted
for
suppressing
of
high-way
men
,
who
were
become
very
bold
and
numerous
,
according
to
the
looseness
of
the
former
times
.
Subsidies
are
also
granted
,
for
paiment
of
the
moity
of
the
Kings
Ransom
,
which
because
it
was
unpleasing
to
the
people
,
some
part
thereof
was
remitted
by
the
King.
In
this
Parliament
,
Mordacus
Duke
of
Albany
,
with
his
two
sons
,
Walter
and
Alexander
,
and
divers
others
,
are
apprehended
,
and
sent
to
several
prisons
;
the
Dukes
Castles
are
seized
on
for
the
King.
Iames
the
Dukes
youngest
son
,
seeing
the
ruine
of
his
Fathers
Family
,
in
revenge
,
raiseth
some
Forces
,
and
burns
Dun-Britton
;
then
having
murthered
the
Kings
Uncle
,
with
thirty
more
,
flies
into
Ireland
,
where
shortly
after
he
died
.
Divers
prime
persons
also
fled
with
him
.
Shortly
after
,
a
Parliament
is
held
at
Sterling
,
where
.
Mordac
with
his
two
sons
,
and
his
wives
father
,
are
arraigned
of
High
Treason
,
and
beheaded
.
Not
long
after
this
,
Ambassadors
come
from
France
,
to
renue
the
old
League
,
and
to
make
a
match
between
Charles
the
sevenths
son
,
and
King
Iames
his
daughter
,
being
as
yet
children
.
The
next
year
after
,
the
King
makes
a
Progresse
into
the
Northern
parts
,
Donald
Baloc
,
to
revenge
his
Cousin
Alexanders
wrongs
,
makes
new
stirs
.
Against
him
the
Earls
of
Mar
and
Cathnesse
,
raise
some
Forces
,
whom
Donald
suddenly
overthrew
.
Alan
Earl
of
Cathness
,
was
killed
:
Alexander
of
Mar
,
fled
with
a
few
.
Donald
upon
this
good
success
,
goeth
with
fire
and
sword
,
through
all
Abria
,
or
Lochabor
,
but
hearing
the
Kings
Army
was
coming
,
hastneth
to
the
Isles
,
with
rich
booty
;
the
chief
of
these
Clans
repair
to
the
King
,
to
clear
their
innocency
,
but
he
will
admit
of
no
purgation
,
till
they
bring
to
punishment
,
the
Ring-leaders
of
these
Rebels
.
Upon
this
,
they
go
home
,
where
they
apprehend
many
of
them
,
whom
they
put
to
death
,
and
three
hundred
they
sent
in
chains
to
the
King
,
whom
he
commanded
to
be
hanged
;
Donald
himself
could
not
be
found
.
There
were
some
other
of
these
Clans
left
,
who
by
their
private
quarrels
,
destroyed
each
other
.
Mack
Donald
,
a
notable
Rebel
,
for
shooing
a
widow
,
whom
he
had
robbed
,
with
horse
shoos
,
was
so
shooed
himself
,
and
caried
about
the
streets
in
that
manner
,
with
twelve
of
his
companions
,
and
then
hanged
upon
Gallows
near
the
high-way
.
Mach
Donald
the
Islander
,
hid
himself
in
Ireland
;
where
his
head
was
cut
.
off
,
and
sent
to
the
King
for
a
present
:
and
so
the
kingdom
was
pretty
well
quieted
.
After
this
,
the
King
sends
divers
wise
and
sincere
men
about
the
kingdome
,
Lewis
,
Charles
the
sevenths
son
.
This
Ambassie
is
crossed
by
another
out
of
England
,
desiring
an
union
of
the
two
kingdoms
,
which
is
more
natural
,
then
with
France
,
that
neither
speaks
the
same
language
,
nor
is
consned
within
the
same
Island
.
This
union
was
then
earnestly
desired
,
because
Burgundy
was
fallen
off
from
England
,
and
France
was
beginning
to
grow
too
strong
.
Barwick
,
Rossburg
,
and
the
other
places
,
now
controverted
,
are
promised
to
the
Scots
,
if
they
will
assent
to
an
offensive
and
defensive
League
with
England
.
The
matter
is
referred
to
a
Parliament
,
wherein
it
was
conceived
,
that
Englands
aim
was
to
make
the
Scots
forsake
their
old
friends
,
to
the
end
they
should
be
wholly
subject
to
the
English.
Therefore
they
resolve
to
be
constant
to
their
old
League
.
This
being
denyed
,
the
Ambassador
threatneth
war
against
Scotland
,
shewing
there
was
already
a
Fleet
prepared
to
intercept
the
Lady
and
her
company
.
Notwithstanding
these
threats
,
the
King
sends
away
his
daughter
,
who
escaped
the
English
Fleet
,
because
that
was
ingaged
in
pursuit
of
some
Holland
Vessels
,
laden
with
wine
from
Rotchel
,
which
they
took
for
Prize
,
(
England
and
Burgundy
being
now
enemies
)
but
this
Prize
was
re-taken
by
the
Spaniard
.
The
Scots
ships
arrive
safely
at
Rotchel
,
from
whence
the
young
Lady
is
conveyed
by
the
French
Nobility
,
to
Turon
,
where
she
is
maried
,
to
the
content
of
both
Nations
.
The
King
of
England
had
now
twice
provoked
the
Scots
to
make
war
;
once
by
labouring
to
intercept
the
Scottish
Lady
;
and
then
by
sending
Piercy
with
four
thousand
men
to
plunder
the
borders
of
Scotland
,
who
was
met
by
Duglas
Earl
of
Angus
,
between
whom
was
a
hot
Skirmish
,
and
many
killed
on
both
sides
,
some
say
about
20●…
,
of
the
English
were
taken
1500.
K.
Iames
raiseth
a
great
Army
,
and
besiegeth
Roxburg
;
but
when
he
was
in
hope
of
a
surrender
,
the
Q.
comes
post
to
him
,
&
in
a
great
fright
assures
him
,
that
a
plot
was
intended
against
him
,
suddenly
to
take
away
his
life
:
Upon
this
,
he
riseth
from
the
siege
,
and
disbands
the
Army
,
for
which
he
was
much
blamed
,
in
that
he
would
be
so
uxorious
,
as
at
his
wives
report
to
dismisse
an
Army
raised
with
so
much
trouble
and
charge
.
The
King
in
his
return
,
retires
himself
into
the
Dominicans
Covent
at
Perth
,
to
try
what
he
could
learn
there
of
this
plot
.
Mean
while
the
Traitors
(
the
chief
of
which
was
Walter
of
Athol
,
the
Kings
uncle
)
hasten
to
bring
the
Treason
to
maturity
.
One
of
the
Kings
own
servants
makes
way
for
the
Traitors
entrance
into
the
Kings
Chamber
in
the
night
,
who
presently
assault
him
;
the
Queen
by
interposing
her self
to
keep
off
the
swords
,
received
two
wounds
;
but
being
forcibly
caried
away
,
and
the
King
left
to
himself
,
he
is
murthered
,
having
received
To
Iames
the
1.
succeeded
Iames
the
2d
,
and
youngest
of
the
Twins
,
for
Alexander
the
other
died
.
This
King
is
Crowned
at
Holy
Roods
in
Edinburgh
.
During
his
minority
,
Alexander
Leviston
is
made
Protector
or
Regent
.
Archbald
Earl
of
Duglas
,
being
angry
that
this
honour
was
not
conferred
on
him
,
suffers
,
or
rather
encourageth
the
Ananders
under
his
jurisdiction
,
to
spoil
and
plunder
the
Country
.
Complaints
are
made
against
him
,
which
he
sleighted
,
commanding
his
people
not
to
obey
the
Kings
Edicts
,
alledging
he
had
Regal
power
himself
.
Besides
there
were
private
quarrels
between
the
Regent
and
Chancelor
,
crossing
each
others
power
,
to
the
great
disturbance
of
the
people
;
which
at
last
broke
out
into
publick
hatred
,
to
pillaging
,
and
burning
of
Houses
and
Villages
.
The
Q.
being
much
troubled
at
this
distemper
,
and
willing
to
get
her
young
son
out
of
the
Chancelors
custody
,
who
kept
him
with
himself
in
Edinburgh
Castle
,
cunningly
insinuates
her self
so
much
into
his
good
opinion
,
as
that
she
got
leave
to
lie
in
the
same
Castle
with
her
son
,
whom
at
length
she
conveyed
away
in
her
Trunk
,
where
she
kept
her
Linen
,
to
Lieth
,
and
from
thence
in
a
ship
to
Sterlin
,
where
the
Regent
resides
.
Thither
the
chief
of
his
party
came
to
see
the
King
,
and
to
consult
,
how
the
Kingdom
should
be
freed
from
the
Chancelors
tyranny
,
who
had
abused
his
trust
,
wronged
the
King
,
oppressed
the
people
,
and
filled
his
own
Coffers
with
the
wealth
of
the
kingdom
.
There
the
Queens
wisdom
and
care
is
highly
commended
;
and
its
agreed
,
that
an
Army
be
raised
,
and
Edinburgh
Castle
besieged
,
before
the
Chancelour
know
any
thing
.
Presently
the
Regents
Faction
arm
themselves
and
beleaguer
the
Castle
.
The
Chancelor
knowing
his
own
danger
,
sends
to
Duglas
for
aid
,
assuring
him
that
the
Regent
aimed
at
the
ruine
of
them
both
.
Duglas
who
hated
them
both
equally
,
answers
him
that
both
the
Chancelour
and
Regent
were
perfidious
,
and
aimed
at
nothing
but
their
own
private
good
,
and
that
therefore
the
Kingdom
should
be
happy
if
they
were
both
dead
.
Upon
this
answer
,
the
Regent
and
Chancelour
make
Truce
for
two
days
,
and
came
to
a
parly
,
in
which
they
made
known
to
each
other
,
how
dangerous
it
would
be
for
them
to
jar
,
seeing
Duglas
desired
the
ruine
of
them
both
,
aiming
at
the
sole
rule
of
the
kingdom
,
which
he
would
easily
obtain
,
if
either
he
could
ruine
one
or
both
of
them
.
Thus
they
two
agreed
:
The
Chancelour
delivers
the
keys
of
the
Castle
to
the
King
,
where
he
supped
that
night
,
and
the
next
day
confirms
the
one
in
his
Chancelorship
,
the
other
in
his
Regency
.
But
not
long
after
,
Duglas
their
mortal
enemy
died
,
whose
son
being
fourteen
years
of
age
,
by
reason
of
his
great
wealth
and
power
,
and
pufft
up
also
with
flatterers
,
took
more
state
on
him
,
then
became
a
subject
.
His
Court
outvied
the
Kings
;
his
Guard
consisted
of
two
thousand
horse
,
he
made
Knights
;
and
Councellors
,
and
Officers
of
his
State
;
then
he
sends
Ambassadors
to
the
French
King
,
mentioning
the
merits
of
his
Progenitors
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
and
so
he
obtains
the
Title
of
Duke
of
Turon
,
or
Tours
.
Which
honour
his
Grand-father
received
from
Charls
7.
and
his
father
till
that
time
enjoyed
it
.
So
formidable
was
the
power
of
Duglas
,
that
the
Regent
and
Chancelour
committed
the
Queen
and
her
husband
Iames
Stuart
of
Lorn
to
prison
,
upon
suspition
that
they
complyed
with
him
.
Nor
were
they
set
free
,
till
they
had
cleared
themselves
,
and
promised
not
to
meddle
with
publick
business
,
without
the
Regents
knowledge
.
Whilst
the
kingdom
was
thus
distracted
,
the
Islanders
land
with
great
Forces
upon
the
main
land
,
and
with
fire
and
sword
,
spoil
all
before
them
,
sparing
neither
sex
nor
age
.
To
these
miseries
were
added
a
great
famin
and
pestilence
;
the
cause
of
all
these
calamities
is
ascribed
to
the
Regents
tyrannical
government
,
who
sleighting
the
Chancelor
,
ruled
all
by
himself
.
But
the
Chancelour
seeing
how
discontent
the
people
were
with
the
Viceroy
,
seizeth
himself
of
Edinburgh
Castle
,
and
then
watched
an
opportunity
,
to
get
the
King
out
of
the
Regents
custody
.
One
day
the
King
was
hunting
in
the
Woods
near
Sterlin
,
with
a
smal
company
,
the
Regent
also
then
was
out
of
the
way
;
the
Chancelor
with
some
Troops
of
horse
lighting
on
the
King
,
desires
him
not
to
fear
,
they
were
come
to
take
him
away
from
his
Imperious
Tutor
,
and
to
set
him
at
liberty
;
therefore
(
saith
the
Chancelour
)
play
the
King
,
and
strive
now
to
rule
both
your self
,
and
your
people
,
whose
disease
is
such
as
cannot
be
cured
but
by
your
own
immediat
hand
.
With
this
,
he
leads
the
Kings
Horse
by
the
bridle
,
to
a
place
not
far
off
,
where
four
thousand
horse
were
ready
to
convey
him
to
Edinburgh
,
where
he
is
received
with
great
acclamation
.
The
Viceroy
being
much
perplexed
,
that
he
was
thus
overreached
by
the
Chancelor
,
and
not
knowing
whom
to
trust
,
resolves
to
cast
himself
upon
the
Chancelour
:
therefore
with
some
of
his
retinue
rides
to
Edinburgh
,
and
by
the
intercession
of
the
Bishops
of
Aberden
and
Murrey
,
procured
the
Chancelour
to
give
him
a
meeting
in
the
church
of
Saint
Aegidius
;
where
having
met
,
the
Viceroy
desires
there
might
be
no
difference
between
them
,
seeing
they
both
aimed
at
the
same
thing
,
which
was
the
good
of
the
King
,
and
Kingdom
,
though
in
the
manner
there
might
be
some
diversities
.
He
wisheth
him
to
consider
how
many
enemies
they
had
,
how
glad
they
would
be
(
saith
he
)
of
our
jars
,
how
happy
might
both
we
and
the
Kingdom
be
,
if
we
accord
,
which
if
we
doe
,
we
shall
secure
our selves
,
disappoint
our
enemies
,
advance
the
Kings
,
and
Kingdoms
good
;
therefore
if
by
either
of
us
,
any
thing
hath
been
done
amiss
,
let
it
be
forgot
and
forgiven
,
for
the
publick
goods
sake
;
he
having
said
and
confessed
his
error
in
carying
away
the
yong
K.
(
whose
tuition
was
by
his
father
committed
to
the
Chancelor
alone
,
&
which
he
had
found
to
be
no
honor
but
a
burthen
to
him
)
&
the
Chancelor
being
glad
of
this
friendly
overture
,
lays
hold
on
it
,
&
so
they
are
recōciled
,
&
resolve
to
concur
equally
in
government
of
the
kingdom
.
Then
a
Parliament
is
called
,
in
which
many
grievances
and
complaints
are
exhibited
,
by
those
who
had
suffered
in
the
late
distractions
.
The
Regent
told
them
that
Duglas
might
quickly
remedy
these
evils
,
if
he
would
comply
with
the
Parliament
,
which
can
do
but
little
good
in
settling
of
affairs
,
so
long
as
so
potent
a
man
stood
out
against
them
.
Upon
this
,
an
Order
is
made
to
invite
him
to
the
Parliament
,
that
he
with
the
rest
might
act
for
the
publick
good
;
that
he
would
not
degenerate
from
his
noble
Progenitors
,
who
had
been
alway
faithful
Patriots
;
that
if
he
please
to
come
,
he
shall
have
what
share
in
the
Government
he
will
desire
.
Upon
this
invitation
,
and
perswasion
of
friends
,
and
desire
also
of
more
power
,
he
comes
.
The
Chancelour
met
him
divers
miles
from
the
City
,
and
entertains
him
for
two
days
together
at
his
house
,
called
Crichton
Castle
,
where
he
desires
him
to
acknowledge
the
Kings
power
and
government
,
and
to
submit
thereto
;
that
he
would
put
away
from
him
all
lewd
persons
,
and
not
protect
high-way
men
,
nor
oppress
the
Kings
subjects
.
What
hath
been
by
him
hitherto
acted
,
shall
be
imputed
to
his
ill
Councellors
,
and
his
own
inexperience
and
youth
.
By
these
fair
words
,
he
was
allured
to
go
;
who
also
had
brought
with
him
his
brother
David
:
But
some
of
his
wisest
friends
suspected
treachery
,
and
therefore
wished
him
to
return
,
or
at
least
to
send
back
his
brother
,
that
the
whole
Family
might
not
perish
together
.
But
these
men
were
quickly
silenced
by
the
Chancelor
;
and
the
two
young
Gentlemen
went
in
chearfully
,
suspecting
no
hurt
.
As
soon
as
Duglas
was
entred
Edinburgh
Castle
,
the
Vice-Roy
meets
him
,
and
makes
much
of
him
,
causing
him
to
sit
down
at
the
Kings
own
Table
.
About
the
midst
of
Dinner
,
some
of
the
Kings
Guard
in
Arms
,
brings
into
the
room
a
Bulls
head
in
a
Dish
,
which
they
set
down
before
him
.
In
those
times
,
this
was
a
sign
of
death
to
those
that
were
to
lose
their
heads
.
The
young
Gallant
being
affrighted
at
this
sight
;
began
to
withdraw
from
the
Table
;
but
he
was
presently
laid
hold
on
and
caried
out
into
the
Castle
Court
,
where
he
for
his
intemperate
youthfulness
,
is
beheaded
,
with
his
brother
.
When
the
King
heard
of
this
execution
,
he
wept
,
but
was
checkt
for
it
by
the
Regent
,
shewing
,
that
in
the
death
of
Duglas
,
consisted
the
Kings
security
and
happiness
.
Duglas
dying
without
issue
,
the
Earldom
being
intailed
,
fell
to
Iames
,
nick-named
Crassus
,
or
Grosse
;
and
his
other
Patrimonies
,
which
were
very
great
,
to
his
sister
Beatrix
.
Grosse
died
within
two
years
after
;
and
his
eldest
son
William
succeeded
,
who
Upon
this
answer
,
Duglas
got
a
Parliament
to
be
called
at
Sterling
,
in
which
the
Regent
and
Chancelour
are
proclaimed
publick
enemies
to
the
State
,
and
their
estates
confiscate
.
To
this
purpose
,
Forces
are
sent
to
demolish
the
Castles
,
or
to
new
Garison
them
;
which
was
done
accordingly
:
the
Chancelor
in
requital
,
raiseth
some
Troops
,
and
commits
great
spoil
in
the
enemies
Country
,
being
aided
by
Kennedy
,
Arch-Bishop
of
S.
Andrews
,
George
Earl
of
Angale
,
and
Iohn
Earl
of
Morton
.
Upon
these
Duglas
wracks
his
anger
,
one
quarrel
begets
another
;
so
divers
Forces
are
raised
by
these
parties
,
and
divers
Skirmishes
there
were
,
not
without
much
sheddin
of
bloud
.
Mean
while
the
Chancelour
Crichton
,
is
beleaguered
in
Edinburgh
Castle
by
Duglas
.
At
length
,
after
nine
months
siege
,
Crichton
is
pardoned
for
all
offences
of
his
against
the
King
,
and
is
permitted
to
march
away
with
his
Forces
;
so
the
Castle
is
surrendred
.
Not
long
after
,
Crichton
is
again
made
Chancelour
,
but
he
left
the
Court
,
and
all
publick
imploiments
:
every
one
knew
that
Duglas
was
the
cause
of
all
these
civil
broils
;
yet
so
great
was
his
power
with
the
King
,
that
no
man
durst
accuse
him
:
some
great
ones
he
caused
to
be
put
to
death
,
some
to
be
banished
.
Having
done
what
he
could
against
Crichton
,
he
tries
what
he
can
do
against
Leviston
the
Regent
,
whom
he
causeth
with
his
son
Iames
,
and
divers
others
,
to
be
summoned
to
the
Parliament
at
Edinburgh
,
where
they
are
accused
of
high
crimes
.
The
Regent
,
and
the
two
Dundasses
,
are
sent
to
prison
in
Dunbarton
Castle
,
the
rest
are
beheaded
.
Iames
the
Regents
son
,
on
the
Scaffold
,
complained
much
against
the
inconstancy
of
Fortune
,
and
vanity
of
worldly
Honours
;
shewing
,
that
notwithstanding
his
Father
had
been
Vice-Roy
of
Scotland
,
and
had
done
so
much
good
service
for
the
King
and
kingdome
,
yet
all
is
forgot
,
the
Kings
pardon
sleighted
,
the
intreaties
of
the
Nobility
for
his
life
rejected
;
therefore
wisheth
all
men
to
beware
of
publick
imployments
,
and
honours
,
being
the
deceitful
smiles
of
flattering
fortune
:
and
having
so
said
,
laid
down
his
neck
on
the
block
,
to
the
great
grief
of
the
Spectators
.
In
the
midst
of
these
Civil
broils
,
Crichton
the
Chancelour
is
sent
Ambassador
into
France
,
to
renue
the
old
League
,
and
to
get
a
wife
for
the
King.
About
this
time
Cameron
,
Arch.
Bishop
of
Glasgow
,
for
his
cruelties
and
oppression
of
his
tenants
,
was
called
upon
by
a
strange
voice
to
appear
before
Christs
Tribunal
;
being
then
asleep
,
he
awaketh
in
fear
,
and
calls
up
his
servants
,
who
sate
down
by
him
:
He
calls
for
a
Book
,
and
as
he
was
beginning
to
read
,
the
voice
summons
him
again
,
to
the
amazement
of
his
servants
;
but
when
the
voice
called
the
third
time
,
he
gave
a
hideous
groan
,
thrust
out
his
tongue
and
died
.
And
now
the
Truce
with
England
is
expired
:
whereupon
incursions
are
made
into
each
others
Territories
,
fire
,
and
sword
,
raging
on
both
sides
;
so
that
the
Country
for
many
miles
is
laid
waste
:
therefore
a
new
Truce
for
seven
years
is
concluded
;
before
the
expiration
of
which
,
the
Borderers
begin
to
spoil
and
rob
each
other
.
Complaints
being
made
on
both
sides
,
Armies
are
raised
;
a
battail
is
fought
,
in
which
the
Scots
had
the
better
;
three
thousand
of
the
English
being
slain
,
and
of
the
Scots
six
hundred
only
;
many
were
taken
prisoners
,
and
much
booty
is
caried
into
Edinburgh
.
This
battail
was
fought
at
a
place
called
Sarc
.
Upon
the
news
of
this
overthrow
at
London
,
a
new
Army
is
appointed
to
be
sent
against
the
Scots
,
for
re-gaining
of
what
was
lost
:
but
this
Expedition
was
hindred
by
the
intestin
commotions
in
England
;
therefore
Ambassadors
are
sent
to
Scotland
,
with
Propositions
of
Peace
:
upon
which
,
when
they
could
not
agree
,
a
Truce
is
made
for
three
years
;
and
presently
after
a
Messenger
is
Holy
Roods
.
After
this
,
Earl
Duglas
undertakes
a
journy
for
Rome
,
being
the
year
of
Jubilee
,
accompanied
with
many
Lords
and
Gentlemen
;
who
in
his
absence
is
complained
of
by
his
enemies
to
the
King
,
who
durst
not
in
his
presence
,
whisper
against
him
.
He
is
accused
of
divers
oppressions
.
The
King
was
not
willing
to
hear
any
complaints
against
him
,
being
absent
;
yet
to
stop
the
clamours
of
the
people
,
he
sends
to
the
Earls
Proctor
,
to
appear
,
and
to
take
notice
of
the
crimes
objected
against
his
Lord.
He
refuseth
to
come
,
wherefore
he
is
imprisoned
for
contempt
;
but
at
last
he
submits
,
and
comes
into
the
Court
,
who
Petitioned
,
that
the
Trial
be
put
off
,
till
the
Earl
come
himself
.
But
a
sentence
past
for
satisfaction
of
his
debts
.
To
this
purpose
,
Commissioners
are
appointed
to
take
up
his
Revenues
,
who
were
sleighted
by
the
Earls
Tenants
and
Vassals
;
therefore
the
King
sends
an
Army
into
Galloway
to
force
them
.
The
Earl
hearing
of
these
passages
at
Rome
,
was
much
perplexed
;
he
was
also
forsaken
by
divers
of
his
followers
:
so
that
he
returns
home
with
thin
Attendants
.
Before
he
came
to
the
King
,
he
premises
his
brother
Iames
to
sound
out
how
he
was
affected
towards
him
;
and
finding
he
stood
right
in
the
Kings
opinion
,
returns
home
;
and
upon
promise
that
he
would
suppresse
the
Annanders
,
who
were
notable
Robbers
,
he
is
so
highly
advanced
in
the
Kings
favour
,
that
he
confers
on
him
the
Title
of
Vice-Roy
of
Scotland
;
which
afterward
he
forfeited
,
by
having
secret
correspondency
with
the
King
of
England
.
Crichton
the
Chancelor
was
again
advanced
,
which
so
angerd
Duglas
,
that
he
set
some
of
his
followers
in
the
high-way
one
night
,
as
he
was
going
home
from
Edinburgh
,
to
murther
him
but
being
a
stout
man
,
he
escaped
,
by
killing
one
,
and
wounding
another
,
but
he
was
wounded
also
himself
.
Shortly
after
,
being
recovered
,
he
returns
unexpectedly
to
Edinburgh
,
with
a
great
Train
of
his
friends
and
servants
,
and
had
almost
surprised
Duglas
,
who
having
escaped
the
danger
,
to
make
his
party
the
stronger
,
enters
into
league
with
the
two
richest
Earls
of
that
time
;
to
wit
,
of
Rosse
,
and
Craford
.
So
that
now
he
began
to
sleight
the
King
;
for
one
Sir
Iohn
Harris
of
Galloway
complaining
to
Duglas
of
the
wrongs
he
had
suffered
by
the
Ananders
,
his
Vassals
,
and
finding
no
redresse
,
falls
himself
upon
them
with
some
Forces
,
which
he
had
raised
,
hoping
to
recover
his
losses
.
But
he
with
his
Train
was
surprised
by
the
Earls
Forces
,
and
hanged
,
notwithstanding
the
King
by
his
Letters
intreated
his
pardon
.
This
made
people
give
out
,
that
Duglas
aimed
to
be
King
himself
;
for
when
the
King
had
interceded
again
for
a
chief
man
of
the
Maclellans
,
whom
Duglas
kept
in
prison
for
killing
one
of
his
name
,
he
sleighted
the
Kings
request
,
&
executed
the
Gentleman
.
The
King
being
stirred
up
by
the
clamors
of
the
people
against
Duglas
,
sends
for
him
,
who
because
of
his
guilty
mind
,
refuseth
to
come
,
knowing
that
he
had
many
enemies
at
Court.
Yet
at
last
,
upon
the
publick
faith
,
confirmed
by
hand
and
seal
;
he
adventures
to
come
to
Sterlin
with
a
great
Train
,
where
he
is
kindly
used
by
the
King
,
who
after
Supper
,
calls
him
aside
,
and
reproves
him
for
his
ingratitude
,
and
insolencies
;
yet
promiseth
to
pardon
all
by-past
offences
,
if
he
will
break
off
the
league
with
Rosse
and
Craford
,
which
could
not
consist
with
the
Kings
safety
or
honour
.
At
this
the
Earl
began
to
boggle
,
and
use
tergiversation
,
saying
,
he
would
advise
with
his
friends
,
and
that
the
King
needed
not
to
be
so
hasty
or
pressing
.
At
this
he
was
so
incensed
,
that
he
told
the
Earl
plainly
,
if
you
will
not
(
saith
he
)
break
off
this
confederacy
,
I
will
,
and
with
that
stabs
him
in
the
breast
with
his
dagger
.
The
Courtiers
hearing
a
noise
,
presently
brake
into
the
room
,
each
one
giving
the
Earl
a
wound
.
Upon
the
report
of
this
slaughter
,
a
great
tumult
in
the
Town
is
raised
by
the
Earls
four
Within
few
days
this
inraged
multitude
falls
to
spoiling
of
all
the
Kings
lands
and
tenants
;
they
besiege
also
Dalketh
Castle
,
but
could
not
take
it
.
In
the
interim
the
King
raiseth
an
Army
,
but
because
the
Duglassians
were
too
strong
for
him
,
he
resolves
to
forbear
action
,
till
Alexander
Gordon
come
with
his
Northern
Forces
;
the
Earl
of
Craford
to
keep
these
from
joining
with
the
Kings
Southern
Forces
,
encounters
with
Gurdon
at
Brechin
in
Anguse
.
A
fierce
Battail
is
fought
,
in
which
the
Crafordians
are
defeated
,
many
prime
men
on
both
sides
were
killed
,
Gordon
here
lost
both
his
brothers
,
and
was
forced
to
return
home
with
his
victorious
Army
,
to
suppress
the
Earl
of
Murry
,
who
was
raging
with
fire
and
sword
in
Huntlies
Country
of
Bogy
;
but
the
Gordons
beat
him
not
only
thence
,
but
also
out
of
his
own
Country
of
Murry
.
Mean
while
a
Parliament
is
called
at
Edinburgh
,
to
which
Earl
Duglas
and
the
Lords
that
followed
him
,
are
summoned
to
appear
,
who
refuse
to
come
.
The
Earl
also
caused
a
paper
to
be
fastned
the
next
night
on
the
Church
door
,
wherein
he
renounceth
all
Allegiance
to
the
King
,
saying
,
that
he
will
never
trust
him
,
who
murthered
his
Cousins
at
Edinburgh
,
and
his
brother
at
Sterlin
,
being
allured
thither
upon
the
publick
faith
;
for
this
contumacy
,
this
Earl
Iames
,
with
his
brothers
,
and
Beatrix
,
his
deceased
brothers
wife
,
with
the
Earl
of
Crawford
,
are
proclaimed
Rebels
.
An
Army
is
raised
to
pursue
them
;
their
houses
are
plundred
,
fields
wasted
,
barns
fired
,
and
their
cattel
driven
away
.
Earl
Iames
in
the
mean
time
to
keep
the
wealth
once
gotten
,
still
in
his
Family
,
marieth
with
Beatrix
,
his
defunct
brothers
wife
,
and
deals
with
the
Pope
for
a
dispensation
,
which
the
King
by
his
Letters
hindred
.
The
three
ensuing
years
are
spent
in
destroying
each
other
with
fire
and
sword
;
wherupon
followed
the
famine
and
pestilence
.
Some
of
the
Earls
wisest
friends
,
advise
him
to
submit
to
the
King
,
rather
then
stand
out
to
the
ruine
of
himself
,
family
,
and
friends
:
but
he
is
resolved
never
to
trust
those
that
had
murthered
against
their
faith
,
his
Cousins
,
and
brother
:
Earl
Craford
being
weary
of
the
wars
,
and
of
the
injustice
of
the
cause
,
resolves
in
time
to
submit
to
the
Kings
mercy
;
therefore
one
day
bare-footed
,
and
bare-headed
,
he
comes
and
casts
himself
at
the
Kings
feet
,
desiring
pardon
for
what
was
past
,
and
promiseth
his
fidelity
and
loyalty
for
the
future
.
The
King
upon
this
submission
,
and
perswasion
withall
of
Arch-Bishop
Kennedy
,
his
wise
Councelour
,
considering
also
that
Crafords
falling
off
from
Duglas
,
would
weaken
that
party
,
receives
him
into
his
favor
,
which
Craford
ever
after
retained
till
his
dying
day
.
Duglas
perceiving
his
Forces
to
grow
weaker
daily
,
had
little
hope
left
him
now
,
but
in
the
King
of
England
,
from
whom
he
expected
help
;
therefore
sends
Hammilton
to
London
,
who
receives
this
answer
from
the
King
,
that
he
would
not
make
war
upon
Scotland
,
except
the
Earl
will
become
a
subject
of
England
,
and
trust
the
King
with
his
person
and
estate
:
This
hope
failing
him
,
and
being
weakned
every
day
by
the
Kings
Forces
,
who
plundred
his
Countries
,
and
beat
down
his
Castles
;
he
is
resolved
upon
the
advice
of
Hammilton
,
to
venture
his
Fortunes
upon
a
battail
.
Abrec●…
Castle
was
now
besieged
by
the
Kings
Army
.
The
Earl
raiseth
all
the
strength
he
could
to
relieve
the
Castle
;
but
when
he
came
within
view
of
the
Kings
Army
,
he
made
a
halt
,
and
kept
off
his
soldiers
so
long
from
fighting
,
that
they
grew
weary
with
delays
.
And
Hammilton
one
night
revolted
to
the
King
,
who
after
he
had
imprisoned
him
a
while
,
receives
him
to
his
favour
.
Others
also
following
the
example
of
Hamilton
,
forsook
Duglas
,
so
the
Castle
at
last
is
taken
by
the
King
,
and
demolished
.
The
Earl
being
forsaken
by
most
of
his
men
,
flyeth
to
England
,
with
a
few
of
his
friends
:
but
shortly
after
,
he
got
some
new
Forces
,
and
with
them
enters
Annandel
,
but
is
beaten
by
the
Kings
party
;
he
escapes
again
with
his
brother
Iohn
;
Archbald
Earl
of
Murrey
is
slain
,
and
George
is
wounded
,
and
afterward
beheaded
.
Then
a
Parliament
is
held
at
Edinburgh
,
in
which
the
Duglasses
,
Iames
and
Iohn
,
with
Beatrix
,
are
proscribed
.
Earl
Iames
having
lost
his
brothers
,
forsaken
by
his
Soldiers
,
slighted
Argile
,
Arran
,
Lechaber
and
Murray
,
which
they
waste
with
fire
and
sword
,
they
took
the
Castle
of
Innerness
and
fired
the
Town
.
Mean
while
the
English
invade
the
Scots
borders
,
and
carrie
away
great
booties
.
Beatrix
who
had
married
two
brothers
,
being
checkt
in
conscience
,
submits
her self
to
the
Kings
mercy
,
who
pardoned
her
:
The
like
did
the
wife
of
Donald
;
and
the
like
favour
she
obtains
.
Piercy
and
the
banished
Douglass
invade
Marcia
again
,
but
are
beat
back
with
loss
by
George
Douglass
E.
of
Anguse
;
Donald
being
weary
of
his
wicked
courses
,
sends
an
humble
Petition
to
the
King
by
his
friends
,
acknowledging
his
faults
,
and
promising
all
fidelitie
and
allegeance
for
the
future
,
presuming
his
Majestie
would
be
no
less
gracious
to
him
,
then
he
had
been
to
Crawford
and
others
:
The
King
upon
the
importunity
of
his
friends
,
and
the
necessity
also
that
lay
on
him
then
,
to
settle
his
distracted
Kingdome
,
sends
him
a
pardon
;
and
so
all
being
quieted
at
home
,
he
prepares
now
to
make
war
upon
England
.
In
the
interim
the
confederate
Lords
,
namely
the
Duke
of
York
,
the
Earls
of
Salisbury
and
Warwick
,
with
the
rest
,
send
Ambassadors
to
desire
the
Scots
aid
against
King
Henry
their
enemy
,
who
had
lost
France
,
oppressed
his
Kingdome
,
and
injured
the
Scots
,
withall
they
promise
restitution
of
what
had
been
lately
taken
from
the
Scots
;
this
proffer
is
accepted
by
King
Iames
,
who
having
raised
an
Army
,
and
being
now
on
his
march
,
is
met
by
an
English
Imposter
who
had
lived
long
in
Italy
;
he
feignes
himself
to
be
the
Popes
Legat
,
sent
from
his
holiness
,
to
forbid
him
to
make
war
upon
England
,
for
the
Pope
was
resolved
to
make
a
general
peace
in
Christendom
;
this
being
believed
,
the
King
disbands
his
Army
,
not
knowing
that
this
Imposter
was
sent
by
King
Henry
,
till
afterward
;
when
he
saw
he
was
deluded
,
he
assembleth
again
his
Forces
,
and
marcheth
straight
to
Roxburg
Town
,
which
he
took
and
demolished
;
then
he
sits
down
before
the
Castle
,
where
an
Ambassie
from
the
English
Confederates
assures
him
,
that
their
King
was
defeated
,
and
the
war
ended
;
therefore
having
thanked
him
for
his
good
will
towards
them
,
desires
him
to
raise
his
siege
from
Roxburg
;
otherwise
an
Army
will
be
sent
against
him
:
To
these
the
King
answers
,
that
as
hitherto
he
hath
not
made
use
of
the
Confederates
favour
,
so
for
the
future
he
will
not
fear
their
power
:
He
set
down
before
a
Castle
built
on
his
own
ground
,
from
which
he
is
not
to
be
removed
by
words
,
but
by
arms
:
Mean
while
Donald
of
the
Isles
with
fresh
Forces
repaires
to
the
King
,
proferring
his
service
and
fidelitie
,
which
the
King
accepted
;
the
Earl
of
Huntley
also
brings
some
more
supplies
;
the
King
growing
wearie
of
this
long
siege
,
falls
to
storming
of
the
Castle
with
great
Ordnance
,
but
whilst
he
was
giving
fire
to
one
of
the
pieces
himself
;
standing
too
near
was
suddenly
struck
dead
;
his
death
was
a
while
concealed
,
least
the
Soldiers
should
be
disheartned
,
the
Queen
calling
the
Lords
apart
,
desires
them
not
to
give
off
,
nor
be
dejected
for
the
Kings
death
,
she
would
bring
another
King
shortly
in
his
room
,
so
they
fall
furiously
on
the
Castle
;
in
the
interim
the
Kings
son
Iames
,
now
7.
years
old
,
is
brought
into
the
Camp
and
saluted
King
;
shortly
upon
this
the
Castle
is
surrendred
,
the
Garison
is
permitted
to
depart
with
their
baggage
:
And
that
this
Castle
may
breed
no
more
quarrel
,
it
is
levelled
to
the
ground
.
King
Iames
died
the
23
year
of
his
Reigne
,
and
of
his
life
the
29.
CHAP.
XXVI
.
The
English
History
under
King
Edward
4.
Edward
5.
and
Richard
3.
from
the
year
1460
,
till
the
year
1485.
VPon
the
overthrow
of
King
Henry
6.
Edward
Duke
of
York
is
proclaimed
King
,
and
Crowned
:
He
begins
his
Reign
with
many
good
Acts
;
Repeals
the
last
Ralph
Pery
,
submit
themselves
to
the
King
,
who
pardons
them
;
but
afterward
they
revolted
.
When
the
Queen
had
returned
with
new
Forces
from
France
,
and
in
Scotlrnd
had
raised
an
Army
to
invade
Northumberland
,
King
Edward
sends
a
Fleet
into
the
Northern
seas
,
and
an
K.
Edward
came
up
with
his
Forces
,
disordered
and
routed
the
Queens
Army
.
Somerset
with
divers
other
great
prisoners
are
taken
,
and
executed
.
King
Henry
with
many
more
fled
into
Scotland
;
an
Army
is
sent
into
Northumberland
,
where
divers
Castles
were
taken
;
in
one
of
which
,
was
Sir
Ralph
Grey
,
who
was
degraded
by
leaving
off
his
spurs
,
renting
his
Coat
of
Arms
,
and
breaking
his
sword
over
his
head
,
and
then
beheaded
.
Montacute
for
his
good
service
,
is
made
Earl
of
Northumberland
;
the
Earldom
of
Pembroke
is
given
from
Tuthar
to
the
Lord
Herbert
.
But
shortly
after
,
Northumberland
upon
submission
,
is
restored
to
his
possessions
and
honours
;
and
Montacute
was
contented
with
the
title
of
Marquesse
.
Then
the
King
rewards
his
Captains
and
Soldiers
with
the
enemies
lands
;
he
new
stamps
the
Coin
,
passeth
a
general
pardon
,
and
builds
Iohn
Grey
,
who
was
slain
in
the
battel
of
S.
Albons
,
as
he
was
fighting
for
King
Henry
,
and
at
last
marieth
her
;
then
he
makes
her
Father
the
Lord
Rivers
,
an
Earl
,
and
High
Constable
of
England
.
Her
son
,
Sir
Thomas
Grey
,
is
made
Marquess
Dorset
;
this
match
was
the
occasion
of
much
mischief
,
as
will
appear
.
The
news
of
this
hasty
mariage
highly
displeased
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
who
took
this
as
an
affront
;
yet
dissembles
his
anger
,
resolving
to
depose
the
king
,
when
time
served
.
The
King
fearing
the
power
of
this
Earl
,
indeavoured
secretly
to
abridge
him
of
his
Authority
.
Warwick
gets
leave
to
go
to
his
Castle
for
his
recreations
sake
,
where
he
hatcheth
some
plots
against
the
K.
About
which
time
was
born
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
afterward
the
wife
of
K.
Henry
7.
Suffolk
.
Warwick
aiming
to
restore
K.
Henry
,
got
his
two
brothers
,
the
Arch-B
.
of
York
and
Marq.
of
Montacute
,
to
join
with
him
;
yet
the
Marq.
was
still
a
secret
friend
to
K.
Edward
.
The
D.
of
Clarence
also
being
offended
with
his
brother
the
K.
joins
with
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
upon
the
Earls
perswasions
,
who
complained
of
the
K.
for
sleighting
his
own
kindred
,
and
preferring
the
kindred
of
his
wife
:
the
D.
also
marieth
with
the
Earls
daughter
,
being
then
at
Calice
;
and
a
rebellion
is
made
in
Yorkshire
by
the
Arch-bishop
of
York
and
Montacute
,
causing
the
country
people
to
believe
that
the
yearly
alms
of
Corn
which
they
gave
to
the
poor
of
S.
Leonards
Hospital
,
was
converted
by
the
Governor
and
Priests
thereof
,
to
their
own
private
benefit
:
Hence
the
Collectors
of
these
alms
were
beaten
by
the
Rusticks
,
with
whom
divers
good
people
sided
:
at
length
they
fly
to
arms
,
more
then
15000
,
who
came
and
faced
York
;
but
in
the
night
Montacute
sallied
out
upon
these
Rebels
,
killed
many
,
and
struck
off
their
Capt.
head
.
The
Rebels
weary
of
the
siege
,
march
to
London
,
conducted
by
S.
Iohn
Conyers
.
Herbert
Earl
of
Pembroke
,
and
Humphry
Lord
Stafford
,
with
9000
Welch
men
and
others
,
march
against
these
Northern
Rebels
,
2000
Archers
are
utterly
defeated
by
the
Yorkshire
men
.
A
division
also
fell
out
between
Pembroke
and
Stafford
,
so
that
Stafford
departs
with
his
Archers
from
Pembroke
,
who
being
hereat
troubled
,
but
not
dismaid
,
set
upon
the
Rebels
the
next
day
,
and
was
like
to
prevail
;
but
one
Clapham
carying
the
Earl
of
Warwicks
banner
,
and
accompanied
with
500
Northamptonians
,
crying
a
farre
off
,
a
Warwick
,
a
Warwick
,
so
affrighted
the
Welch
,
supposing
Warwick
had
bin
coming
with
another
Army
,
that
they
ran
away
,
and
were
utterly
routed
,
to
the
loss
of
5000
of
their
company
.
Sir
Richard
Herbert
,
and
8
more
,
are
beheaded
at
Banbury
,
by
the
rebels
;
so
was
Earl
Rivers
,
the
Q.
father
,
and
Sr
Iohn
his
son
,
being
apprehended
at
Grafton
,
without
any
legal
proceeding
.
The
Lo.
Stafford
is
executed
by
the
K.
command
,
for
deserting
the
Earl
of
Pembroke
.
At
last
,
the
K.
marcheth
on
with
his
Army
against
the
rebels
,
with
whom
were
joined
the
D.
of
Clarence
and
Earl
of
Warwick
.
A
Parly
is
proposed
for
peace
,
and
many
messengers
for
that
purpose
sent
to
and
fro
;
this
made
the
K.
secure
,
who
in
his
bed
was
seized
on
by
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
rushing
with
a
good
Guard
into
the
Kings
Camp
,
slew
his
watches
,
and
took
him
,
whom
secretly
he
conveyed
as
a
prisoner
to
the
Arch-Bishop
of
York
his
brother
,
who
gave
the
K.
so
much
liberty
to
hunt
,
that
he
made
shift
to
escape
to
London
:
at
which
Warwick
was
much
troubled
,
with
Clarence
and
the
confederates
,
who
had
upon
the
K.
Captivity
dismissed
their
Army
,
but
they
presently
raised
another
,
and
so
did
the
King
;
all
things
now
were
in
a
combustion
,
injustice
and
violence
raged
every
where
.
At
length
by
the
mediation
of
some
great
and
peaceable
Lords
,
a
parly
was
granted
between
the
K.
and
the
confederates
in
Westminster
Hall
,
but
to
no
purpose
,
such
bitterness
there
was
on
both
sides
.
The
K.
also
brought
much
envy
on
himself
,
by
cutting
off
the
heads
of
the
Lord
Wels
,
and
his
brother
in
law
Sir
Tho.
Dymock
,
because
they
could
not
perswade
Sir
Tho.
Wells
,
the
Lords
son
,
and
General
of
the
rebels
,
to
forsake
them
,
and
serve
under
him
,
Sir
Robert
to
revenge
his
fathers
and
uncles
death
,
ventured
too
rashly
upon
the
K.
great
army
,
with
his
handful
of
men
,
the
confederates
not
being
come
yet
with
their
army
,
so
that
the
K.
got
the
honor
of
that
day
.
In
this
battel
of
loose
coats
(
so
called
,
because
the
rebels
slung
off
their
coats
,
that
they
might
run
the
more
nimbly
)
were
slain
10000
men
;
Sir
Rob.
Wells
,
with
some
other
prime
men
lost
their
heads
.
Upon
the
report
of
this
overthrow
,
Warwick
and
Clarence
,
fled
to
Exeter
,
from
thence
to
Dartmouth
,
&
so
to
Calice
,
the
K.
was
much
grieved
that
they
escaped
.
But
to
prevent
their
landing
in
England
,
with
forain
forces
,
the
K.
intreats
his
brother
in
Law
the
D.
of
Burgoin
,
to
hinder
all
aid
from
the
said
Earl
,
and
to
surprise
him
with
a
Navy
;
to
which
the
D.
was
willing
enough
,
being
angry
with
the
Earl
for
hindring
his
mariage
with
Margaret
the
K.
sister
;
for
siding
with
K.
Lewis
of
France
,
the
D.
mortal
enemy
,
and
because
the
Earl
was
more
beloved
of
the
people
,
then
the
K.
himself
.
But
when
the
Duke
and
Earl
came
with
their
wives
and
friends
before
Calice
,
the
Earls
Deputy
Vawcler
beat
them
with
his
Ordnance
from
the
Castle
,
not
permitting
any
help
or
succour
to
be
afforded
from
the
Town
to
the
Dutchess
,
who
was
brought
to
bed
on
shipboard
.
The
King
was
so
glad
of
this
,
that
he
made
the
said
Deputy
chief
Captain
,
and
Burgoin
gave
him
an
annual
pension
of
1000
Crowns
;
yet
the
Deputy
incouraged
The
English
Lords
being
furnished
with
all
necessaries
from
the
French
K.
make
ready
for
their
voyage
,
but
are
met
with
by
a
Burgundian
Fleet
in
the
mouth
of
the
river
Sene
,
which
the
next
evening
a
sudden
storm
drove
into
the
sea
,
drowned
many
,
and
dispersed
most
of
them
.
Warwick
glad
at
this
mishap
of
the
Burgundian
,
and
understanding
by
Letters
that
he
was
howrely
expected
in
England
,
where
he
should
be
sufficiently
backt
,
makes
haste
,
leaving
the
Q.
and
Prince
behind
,
and
so
with
great
celerity
lands
at
Dartmouth
.
The
K.
mean
while
trusting
to
the
Burgundian
Fleet
,
which
he
did
not
know
was
spoiled
,
neglected
his
own
Fleet
,
and
gave
himself
to
dalliance
with
Ladies
.
Warwick
sends
out
Proclamations
,
commanding
all
in
K.
Henries
name
,
to
aid
him
,
and
to
oppose
Edward
the
Usurper
;
and
so
in
a
short
time
,
his
army
mightily
increased
,
and
marched
towards
London
.
K.
Edward
also
levied
a
strong
army
,
but
understanding
that
the
people
every
where
affected
K.
Henry
and
Warwick
,
his
heart
failed
him
,
so
that
he
mistrusted
his
own
army
,
wherefore
he
left
his
army
in
the
night
,
and
with
800
of
his
best
friends
,
posts
to
Lincolnshire
,
thence
to
Holland
,
resolving
to
stay
with
the
D.
of
Burgundy
till
times
were
better
;
the
Kentish
men
hearing
that
K.
Edward
was
fled
,
assembled
tumultuously
in
great
numbers
,
and
would
by
force
have
entred
London
Gates
,
but
being
resisted
,
they
fire
and
riffle
the
suburbs
,
and
murther
much
people
,
but
were
at
last
suppressed
and
punished
by
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
who
presently
goeth
to
the
Tower
,
sets
K.
Henry
at
liberty
,
and
conducts
him
triumphantly
thence
to
Pauls
,
where
having
performed
his
devotions
,
he
keeps
his
Court
in
the
Bishops
Palace
;
then
he
calls
a
Parliament
,
in
which
his
chief
adherents
are
attainted
of
high
treason
,
and
their
estates
confiscated
.
The
Dutchy
of
York
is
settled
on
the
D.
of
Clarence
,
though
the
second
son
;
the
Crown
is
intailed
to
K.
Henry
,
his
heirs
male
,
and
for
default
of
such
issue
,
to
Clarence
and
his
heirs
.
The
Q
and
her
son
Pr.
Edward
,
offer
divers
times
to
come
over
by
sea
,
but
are
hindred
by
cross
winds
and
storms
,
which
the
people
construed
as
a
judgement
on
her
,
for
her
cruelties
in
causing
so
much
bloud
shed
.
Burgundy
was
loth
at
first
to
furnish
K.
Edward
with
ships
and
mony
,
fearing
lest
Warwick
would
make
a
new
war
on
him
;
yet
understanding
that
K.
Edward
was
invited
by
his
friends
into
England
,
and
that
there
were
great
hopes
,
he
furnisheth
him
with
50000
Florence
of
gold
,
and
18
tall
ships
,
with
2000
land
soldiers
:
He
lands
in
Yorkshire
,
where
he
found
cold
welcome
,
the
people
being
more
addicted
to
King
K.
Edward
went
thence
towards
his
brother
Clarence
,
who
likewise
refused
to
fight
:
Hereupon
the
D.
of
Gloucester
,
brother
to
them
both
,
reconciled
them
and
their
armies
:
then
the
3
brothers
strive
to
win
Warwick
to
their
side
,
but
he
cursing
the
D.
perfidiousness
,
would
not
unite
with
them
.
Wherefore
King
Edward
to
increase
his
strength
,
repairs
to
London
,
which
excluded
him
a
while
.
But
when
they
considered
his
just
title
,
his
abilities
for
government
,
and
his
great
army
,
whereas
K.
Henry
was
weaker
every
way
,
chiefly
in
the
gifts
of
the
mind
,
they
open
their
gates
,
lets
him
in
,
and
salutes
him
K.
then
was
K.
Henry
seized
upon
again
,
and
committed
to
the
Tower.
Warwick
thought
to
have
surprised
the
K.
in
his
march
towards
London
,
but
was
prevented
;
therefore
he
marcheth
to
Barnet
10
miles
from
London
,
purposing
to
venture
all
upon
one
battel
.
K.
Edw.
army
being
furnished
with
all
things
needful
,
by
the
Londoners
,
marcheth
also
to
Barnet
.
The
right
Wing
of
Warwicks
army
was
commanded
by
his
brother
Montacute
,
and
Oxford
.
The
left
Wing
by
himself
,
and
the
D.
of
Exeter
;
the
main
battail
by
the
D.
of
Somerset
.
K.
Edw.
Vantguard
was
led
by
the
D.
of
Gloucester
,
the
main
battail
by
himself
,
&
Clarence
,
in
which
was
K.
Henry
;
the
Rereward
was
conducted
by
the
Lord
Hastings
.
A
cruel
battail
of
5
or
6
howres
is
fought
,
and
it
was
not
known
a
great
while
,
who
had
the
better
;
at
last
Warwick
perceiving
that
his
men
and
friends
could
not
hold
out
long
against
the
Kings
fresh
Forces
and
Supplies
,
pressed
so
far
among
his
enemies
,
killing
multitudes
of
them
,
that
at
last
he
was
killed
himself
,
and
so
was
Montacute
.
The
death
of
these
two
was
the
overthrow
of
the
whole
army
,
who
ran
away
,
and
left
the
Victory
for
K.
Edward
,
who
that
afternoon
enters
the
city
triumphantly
with
his
prisoner
K.
Henry
.
In
Pauls
he
offered
up
his
standard
,
with
thanks
to
God
for
his
Victory
;
in
this
battail
were
slain
almost
ten
thousand
men
.
The
K.
grieved
much
for
the
death
of
Montacute
,
his
true
friend
;
both
he
and
his
brother
Warwick
are
brought
to
London
,
where
in
Pauls
Church
they
lay
open
faced
for
3
days
,
that
the
people
might
see
they
were
truly
dead
;
then
they
were
both
buried
with
their
Ancestors
in
one
grave
.
Q.
Margaret
landed
at
Waymouth
,
with
some
Forces
,
before
she
heard
of
K.
Edwards
Victory
;
therefore
with
her
son
the
Prince
,
she
takes
sanctuary
in
the
Abby
of
Beaulieu
,
whither
the
D.
of
Somerset
Earl
of
Pembroke
,
Earl
of
Devonshire
,
with
divers
others
resorted
,
resolving
to
raise
a
new
Army
:
the
Q.
and
Somerset
levy
forces
about
Bristoll
and
Gloucester
,
intending
to
joyn
themselves
with
Pembrokes
Welch
men
;
but
the
K.
prevented
those
designs
,
who
sent
his
brother
the
D.
of
Gloucester
with
an
army
,
who
overthrew
the
D.
of
Somersets
forces
in
one
hour
,
of
whom
above
3000
were
slain
,
among
which
,
was
the
Earl
of
Devonshire
,
with
some
other
prime
men
.
The
Q.
and
Pr.
are
taken
prisoners
,
with
divers
others
,
who
the
next
day
are
beheaded
,
except
the
Q.
the
Pr.
is
murthered
by
Clarence
,
Gloucester
,
Dorset
,
and
Hastings
.
Not
long
after
,
Reyner
sold
Naples
&
Sicily
,
and
with
the
mony
of
that
sale
ransomed
his
daughter
Q.
Margaret
.
K.
Henry
in
the
mean
while
was
found
dead
in
his
Chamber
in
the
Tower
,
being
murthered
by
K.
Edw.
brother
,
the
D.
of
Gloucester
.
To
assure
the
people
he
was
dead
,
his
body
is
exposed
to
the
public
view
one
whole
day
in
S.
Pauls
Church
;
his
two
brothers
Clarence
&
Gloucester
for
their
perjuries
&
murthers
,
afterward
imbrewed
their
hands
in
their
own
bloud
.
Two
or
3
years
after
K.
Edw.
was
settled
his
brother
in
law
the
D.
of
Burgundy
,
perswades
him
to
renue
his
wars
The
K.
having
at
Dover
500
ships
and
boats
,
1500
Horse
men
,
and
15000
Archers
landed
at
Calice
;
but
the
D.
of
Burgundy
failed
him
,
who
promised
to
meet
the
K.
with
2000
Horse
,
who
after
he
had
triffled
away
much
time
in
the
siege
of
Nuyce
,
sent
his
forces
to
Berroys
in
Lorrain
,
to
be
revenged
on
Reyner
,
Q.
Margarets
father
,
for
some
ill
language
he
gave
him
.
Yet
K.
Edw.
marcheth
by
Bollen
to
Perone
,
where
he
had
no
provision
of
the
D.
for
his
Army
;
thence
he
goeth
to
S.
Quintins
,
but
is
beat
back
from
thence
,
contrary
to
promise
.
At
last
a
peace
is
concluded
with
the
French
K.
for
9
years
,
on
these
conditions
:
1.
That
the
Fr.
K.
pay
to
Edw.
75000
Crowns
,
and
50000
more
for
an
annuall
pension
.
2.
That
the
Fr.
K.
within
one
year
mary
the
K.
of
Englands
daughter
to
the
Dolphin
,
allowing
them
for
their
maintenance
yearly
50000
crowns
and
then
shall
deliver
the
quiet
possession
of
Guyan
to
them
.
3.
That
the
Lo.
Howard
and
S.
Iohn
Cheny
,
should
stay
with
the
Fr.
K.
as
Hostages
til
the
Engl.
army
be
landed
in
England
:
The
D.
of
Burgundy
storms
at
this
peace
,
shewing
it
was
a
dishonourable
act
in
K.
Edw.
who
replyed
that
it
was
more
dishonourable
in
the
D.
to
call
him
in
,
and
then
to
fail
him
.
So
the
D.
went
away
in
a
chafe
.
The
Fr.
K.
to
confirm
his
amity
with
England
,
sends
to
the
English
Army
100
Wagons
of
wine
,
and
gave
them
leave
for
3
or
4
days
to
solace
themselves
in
Amiens
,
where
they
found
good
chear
provided
for
them
.
And
because
they
caried
themselves
civilly
to
the
Townsmen
,
the
Fr.
K.
sends
to
the
chief
Commanders
,
plate
and
mony
.
Shortly
after
,
K.
Edw.
by
gifts
,
intreaties
,
and
protestations
,
that
he
would
mary
one
of
his
daughters
to
the
yong
Earl
of
Richmond
,
Peter
Landoys
to
S.
Malos
,
where
the
young
Earl
was
,
expecting
a
fair
wind
.
This
Peter
by
his
cunning
,
got
the
Earl
into
a
Sanctuary
,
so
was
the
sheep
delivered
,
and
the
woolf
deluded
of
his
mony
.
But
the
D.
promised
faithfully
to
retain
the
Earl
by
him
as
his
prisoner
,
which
in
some
sort
contented
K.
Edw.
After
this
the
D.
of
Clarence
,
K.
Edw.
brother
,
was
condemned
of
Treason
,
against
the
K.
life
,
and
is
imprisoned
in
the
Tower.
This
K.
the
5
last
years
of
his
life
,
grew
extream
wretched
and
covetous
,
so
that
with
his
exactions
,
he
lost
his
peoples
affections
.
In
the
20
year
of
his
K.
Lewis
deluded
him
with
frivolous
excuses
,
and
marieth
him
to
Maximilians
daughter
,
which
Maximilian
was
the
son
of
Frederick
the
Emperor
,
against
his
oath
and
articles
.
Iames
3d
d
K.
of
Scots
desires
a
match
between
his
son
and
K.
Edw.
daughter
,
which
was
willingly
assented
to
,
and
good
sums
of
mony
disbursed
aforehand
,
conditionally
it
should
be
repaid
if
the
match
broke
off
.
But
the
Scots
K.
after
things
were
concluded
,
sends
an
Army
to
invade
England
,
which
spoiled
all
before
them
with
fire
and
sword
;
against
whom
Gloucester
is
sent
with
21000
men
,
who
took
the
town
of
Barwic
,
and
besieged
the
Castle
,
but
could
not
take
it
;
thence
he
marcheth
into
Scotland
,
wasting
all
in
his
way
,
and
forced
K.
Iames
into
Edinburgh
Castle
;
the
Nobility
desire
peace
,
and
obtain
it
,
on
these
conditions
,
that
a
full
amends
be
made
for
the
hurt
done
;
2.
That
K.
Iames
would
restore
his
brother
the
D.
of
Albany
,
to
his
honors
and
possessions
.
3.
That
the
Castle
of
Barwick
be
delivered
up
;
and
4.
That
repaiment
be
made
of
K.
Edw.
mony
lent
to
K.
Iames.
The
3
last
conditions
were
assented
to
;
K.
Edw.
being
deluded
by
the
Fr.
K.
about
the
mariage
To
K.
Edw.
4.
succeeded
his
son
Edw.
5.
at
13
years
of
age
.
His
uncle
the
D.
of
Gloucester
(
a
man
as
deformed
in
body
,
as
crooked
in
conditions
,
who
had
murthered
both
K.
Henry
,
and
his
son
Pr.
Edw.
and
his
brother
also
the
D.
of
Clarence
)
resolves
with
the
D.
of
Buckingham
,
and
Lord
Hastings
,
to
remove
from
the
yong
K.
all
his
mothers
kindred
,
being
mean
people
,
and
to
undertake
the
charge
of
government
themselves
.
Therefore
when
he
understood
that
the
Q.
with
her
brother
the
Earl
Rivers
,
and
her
son
the
Lo.
Grey
,
intended
to
conduct
with
an
army
the
yong
K.
out
of
Wales
,
towards
London
,
there
to
be
crowned
.
He
wrote
to
the
Q.
advising
her
not
to
come
up
to
London
,
in
that
posture
,
for
fear
the
people
would
grow
jealous
,
and
raise
Civil
wars
;
therefore
wisheth
her
to
put
aside
that
Train
,
and
to
disband
her
Army
:
he
swears
withall
,
that
this
his
advice
proceeded
from
his
good
will
and
love
to
her
and
hers
.
The
Q.
being
too
credulous
,
and
thinking
he
had
spoke
as
he
meant
,
follows
his
advice
;
which
he
also
by
his
letters
gave
to
the
Earl
Rivers
,
and
the
Lord
Grey
.
So
the
army
is
dismissed
,
and
the
K.
is
accompanied
by
Rivers
,
Grey
,
and
some
other
friends
to
Northampton
,
and
thence
to
Stony
Stratford
,
which
little
town
not
being
capable
of
the
whole
train
,
the
Earl
with
his
followers
remained
that
night
in
Northampton
.
But
Gloucester
,
and
Buckingham
,
with
some
resolved
attendants
,
bore
Rivers
company
that
same
night
;
but
withal
in
the
night
time
,
the
two
D.
seized
upon
all
the
keys
of
the
Inn
,
and
caused
all
the
ways
between
these
two
towns
,
to
be
guarded
,
and
none
to
pass
that
way
;
then
they
fell
upon
the
Earl
,
who
was
confident
of
them
till
now
,
and
commits
him
to
safe
custody
.
The
2
D.
rode
to
Stony
Stratford
,
and
presented
their
service
to
the
K.
which
he
accepted
,
having
no
suspition
of
what
was
done
;
then
they
seize
on
the
Lo.
Grey
,
the
K.
half
brother
,
and
some
others
,
whom
they
sent
to
Pomfret
Castle
,
where
without
any
judicial
proceedings
,
they
lost
their
heads
;
they
remove
also
the
K.
menial
servants
&
officers
,
giving
out
that
the
Earl
with
the
rest
of
his
confederates
,
meant
to
destroy
all
the
Lords
of
K.
Edwards
bloud
,
and
to
rule
all
themselves
.
The
Q.
being
then
at
Westminster
,
hearing
of
these
tragical
passages
,
took
sanctuary
there
,
and
repented
she
had
advised
upon
Gloucesters
cunning
letters
,
to
dismiss
the
army
.
The
K.
also
grieved
much
,
but
the
2
D.
protested
,
they
acted
nothing
but
for
his
weal
;
and
that
they
would
be
faithful
to
him
till
their
lives
end
.
Then
they
brought
him
to
London
,
where
he
is
met
by
the
Major
and
his
brethren
,
in
whose
presence
Gloucester
demeaned
himself
so
submissively
to
the
king
,
that
they
all
,
and
most
of
the
Nobility
and
Councellors
of
State
,
were
perswaded
of
the
Dukes
real
intentions
for
the
kings
good
;
so
that
he
was
made
protector
of
king
and
kingdom
.
Gloucester
having
obtained
his
chiefest
desire
,
labours
next
to
get
the
young
D.
of
York
into
his
hands
;
for
that
end
,
he
complains
to
the
K.
Councel
of
the
wrong
the
Q.
did
both
to
the
K.
in
that
she
would
not
permit
him
to
enjoy
the
company
of
his
only
brother
,
and
to
the
kingd
.
in
detaining
the
said
D.
in
sanctuary
,
as
a
malefactor
in
prison
;
by
which
all
Councellors
&
Officers
of
State
,
are
scandalled
.
This
motion
so
well
pleased
the
Lords
,
that
presently
they
employ
the
Cardinal
Arch-B
.
of
York
,
who
was
gracious
with
her
to
desire
she
would
send
the
yong
D.
to
his
brother
the
K.
to
solace
him
,
for
these
reasons
:
1.
Because
it
was
dishonourable
to
the
whole
kingd
.
that
a
childe
so
near
to
the
K.
should
be
kept
in
prison
;
for
what
else
is
a
sanctuary
.
2.
Because
that
place
was
only
for
such
as
by
their
conscience
were
accused
of
some
crime
,
which
an
innocent
child
could
not
be
guilty
of
.
3.
Because
he
wants
discretion
to
demand
such
a
priviledge
.
Lastly
,
they
tell
her
that
any
person
may
be
taken
out
of
sanctuary
,
for
his
good
and
welfare
;
and
therefore
if
she
refused
to
let
him
go
,
that
he
must
be
taken
thence
without
her
leave
,
and
the
rather
because
it
is
suspected
she
meant
to
send
him
beyond
seas
.
The
queen
alledged
,
that
none
was
so
fit
to
tutor
so
yong
,
tender
,
and
sickly
a
child
,
as
the
mother
,
&
that
both
their
safeties
consisted
in
being
separated
;
but
perceiving
they
meant
to
have
him
by
force
,
after
she
had
wept
,
kissed
,
and
embraced
the
child
,
praying
for
his
safety
,
she
delivers
him
to
the
Arch-B
.
from
whom
the
Protector
in
the
Starre-Chamber
attending
then
the
queens
answer
,
took
the
child
,
kissed
and
hugged
him
,
protesting
that
from
his
soul
,
nothing
in
the
world
was
so
dear
to
him
,
except
the
king
;
whereas
indeed
he
meant
the
destruction
of
them
both
;
then
he
brought
him
to
the
K.
who
was
exceedingly
joyed
with
his
company
:
but
shortly
after
,
he
conveyed
them
both
through
London
in
great
pomp
to
the
Tower
,
pretending
he
did
this
out
of
his
care
to
them
during
the
troubles
of
the
kingdom
;
whereas
indeed
there
were
no
troubles
but
by
his
procurement
,
and
the
other
Lords
who
adhered
to
him
.
The
Protector
having
secured
the
two
young
Princes
,
next
bethinks
himself
how
he
shal
obtain
the
kingd
.
which
he
knew
would
be
difficult
without
the
D.
of
Buckingham
,
who
was
a
powerful
man
;
therefore
he
acquaints
him
with
his
intention
,
desiring
his
assistance
,
promising
to
mary
his
son
to
the
said
D.
daughter
,
to
give
him
the
Earldom
of
Hartford
,
to
which
the
D.
pretended
a
right
,
but
never
could
obtain
it
,
from
Edw.
4.
and
lastly
,
to
share
with
him
in
the
K
:
treasury
.
Upon
these
tearms
Buckingham
assented
to
,
and
assisted
him
in
the
plot
:
but
the
Lo.
Hastings
,
whom
the
Protector
had
made
Chamberlain
,
could
not
be
won
to
this
wicked
design
;
for
one
Catesby
a
Lawyer
,
and
a
Favorite
of
Hastings
,
was
employed
by
the
Protector
to
sound
his
inclination
,
which
when
he
had
craftily
done
,
he
informs
the
tyrant
there
was
no
possibility
to
win
him
.
Hereupon
the
Protector
calls
a
Councel
of
the
Lords
at
the
Tower
,
under
pretence
of
fitting
all
things
for
the
K.
Coronation
,
which
he
least
meaned
.
When
the
Lords
were
sit
,
the
Protector
at
last
came
,
and
chearfully
saluted
them
all
:
Chiefly
Dr
Morton
,
B.
of
Ely
,
whom
he
hated
,
yet
imploys
him
to
procure
som
Strawberries
out
of
his
garden
,
which
were
very
good
.
The
Bish.
glad
to
pleasure
him
,
hastneth
home
;
the
Protector
also
presently
went
out
,
and
returns
within
an
hour
,
but
with
a
discontented
countenance
,
and
troubled
minde
.
All
wondred
at
the
sudden
change
;
at
last
after
some
silence
,
he
asketh
what
punishment
he
deserved
,
that
intended
to
murther
the
K.
uncle
and
Protector
.
At
length
Hastings
answered
,
that
he
deserved
the
greatest
punishment
imaginable
.
Then
saith
the
Protector
;
that
sorceress
the
Q.
and
that
strumpet
Shores
wife
,
have
conspired
against
my
life
;
of
which
that
you
may
be
sure
,
you
shall
see
my
arm
,
which
is
already
consumed
,
and
with
that
he
shewed
his
naked
arm
,
as
if
they
had
not
all
known
,
that
his
arm
had
been
ever
so
from
his
Nativity
.
Besides
,
no
man
could
believe
,
that
the
Q.
so
vertuous
a
Lady
,
would
intend
such
a
mischief
,
or
that
she
would
have
consorted
with
her
deceased
husbands
concubine
,
Shores
wife
.
Hastings
who
after
K.
Edw:
death
,
conversed
with
Shores
wife
,
was
beginning
to
excuse
her
;
but
presently
the
Protector
interrupted
him
,
calling
him
traitor
for
doubting
of
that
which
he
spoke
,
and
with
that
clapping
his
hand
rudely
on
the
table
,
the
chamber
suddenly
was
filled
with
armed
men
,
one
of
which
,
knockt
down
the
Lord
Stanley
under
table
with
his
Holbard
,
but
killed
him
not
.
Hastings
is
arrested
by
the
Protector
,
accused
of
Treason
,
and
without
any
other
proceeding
,
caried
out
into
the
Green
,
where
his
head
is
chopped
off
.
This
execution
was
done
that
very
day
,
and
hour
,
that
the
Earl
Rivers
,
Lord
Grey
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Vaughan
,
were
executed
in
Pomfret
Castle
,
without
legal
proceeding
.
After
the
execution
,
the
Cardinal
of
York
,
the
Bish.
of
Ely
,
and
the
Lo.
Stanley
,
are
committed
there
to
several
prisons
.
The
Protector
and
Buckingham
,
put
themseves
presently
into
arms
,
and
sends
for
the
chief
Citizens
;
to
whom
the
Protector
complains
,
that
his
death
was
conspired
that
morning
by
Hastings
and
his
complices
;
therefore
they
are
required
to
certifie
the
City
of
the
true
cause
of
this
broil
and
execution
in
the
Tower.
Two
hours
after
the
execution
,
a
long
Proclamation
is
read
by
an
Herald
of
Arms
,
which
was
thought
to
have
been
written
and
sealed
some
days
before
.
Then
was
Dr
Shaa
imploid
to
Preach
the
next
Sunday
after
at
Pauls
Cross
,
a
Sermon
in
commendation
of
the
pedigree
,
vertues
and
valour
of
the
Protector
,
and
in
detestation
of
the
last
K.
Edw.
lascivious
acts
,
and
familiarity
with
Shores
wife
,
and
others
;
also
to
shew
his
children
were
bastards
,
and
born
in
adultery
,
because
he
was
contracted
to
the
Lady
Lucy
,
before
he
maried
the
Lady
Grey
,
and
was
also
affied
to
the
Lady
Bona
,
sister
in
law
to
the
Fr.
K.
he
also
accuseth
the
Protectors
own
mother
of
incontinency
,
in
the
generation
of
K.
Edw.
and
the
D.
of
Clarence
.
At
last
,
he
hoped
the
people
would
receive
the
Protector
,
as
their
Lo.
and
K.
But
the
Doctors
eloquence
could
not
prevail
with
the
people
,
to
accept
Richard
for
their
K.
yet
the
next
day
in
Guild-Hall
,
Buckingham
labours
by
arguments
to
make
the
Protector
right
heir
and
inheritor
of
the
Crown
,
and
with
much
reluctancy
,
got
divers
of
the
townsmen
to
go
with
him
to
the
Protector
at
Beynards
Castle
,
where
they
prayed
him
to
undergo
the
office
of
a
K.
which
he
refused
to
do
at
first
;
but
upon
their
importunity
,
he
assented
to
that
,
which
most
of
all
things
in
the
world
he
desired
.
K.
Richard
being
Crowned
,
to
insinuate
himself
into
the
good
opinion
of
his
Wales
,
Iohn
Howard
is
made
D.
of
Norfolk
,
his
eldest
son
Sir
Tho.
Howard
,
is
created
Earl
of
Surry
,
the
Lo.
Barkley
is
advanced
to
the
Earldom
of
Nottingham
,
and
the
Lord
Lovel
is
made
Viscount
Lovel
.
He
sends
also
Ambassadors
to
King
Lewis
of
France
,
to
conclude
a
peace
;
but
Lewis
would
not
admit
any
of
them
into
his
presence
.
Upon
this
he
began
to
think
,
that
so
long
as
the
two
young
Princes
lived
,
his
glory
would
be
eclipsed
;
therefore
he
makes
a
progress
to
Gloucester
,
appointing
that
the
children
should
be
murthered
in
his
absence
,
thinking
this
would
take
off
all
suspition
from
him
.
He
first
writes
to
Brakenbury
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
,
to
execute
his
bloudy
sentence
,
which
he
refused
to
do
.
Whereupon
cursing
the
Lieutenant
,
he
writes
to
one
Terril
,
promising
him
great
rewards
to
execute
this
murther
,
to
which
he
assented
,
and
by
the
K.
command
takes
the
keys
of
the
Tower
from
the
Lieutenant
,
and
then
the
next
night
he
sends
two
wicked
executioners
into
the
childrens
chamber
,
where
they
smothered
them
in
their
beds
,
and
buried
them
at
the
stairs
foot
.
The
news
of
the
two
young
Princes
found
dead
in
their
bed
,
much
perplexed
the
Nobility
and
people
,
but
most
of
all
the
dying
Queen
;
great
sorrow
was
expressed
every
where
,
except
amongst
the
Tyrants
confederates
.
But
this
wicked
Tyrant
is
crossed
and
tortured
,
not
only
with
continual
fears
and
jealousies
;
and
torments
of
conscience
,
attending
on
his
bloudy
soul
,
but
also
the
next
year
,
by
the
loss
of
his
only
child
the
Prince
of
Wales
.
D
Morton
,
a
witty
and
learned
man
,
being
The
D.
though
ambitious
enough
,
yet
he
knew
there
was
much
envy
,
but
little
security
in
usurpation
;
he
therefore
thought
it
best
to
make
the
Earl
K.
The
Bishop
was
desirous
to
go
into
the
Isle
of
Ely
,
promising
to
furnish
the
D.
with
men
and
mony
;
but
the
D.
fearing
lest
the
Bishops
escape
should
be
required
at
his
hands
;
was
loth
to
let
him
go
,
nor
was
he
willing
to
part
with
such
a
friend
and
Councellor
;
but
the
Bish.
knowing
his
head
was
in
danger
of
the
Tyrant
,
whilst
he
was
a
prisoner
made
an
escape
in
a
disguised
habit
to
Ely
,
where
having
furnished
himself
with
mony
,
sails
presently
into
Flanders
,
animates
the
Earl
of
Richmond
then
in
Britany
,
to
mary
K.
Edw.
daughter
,
to
depose
the
Tyrant
,
and
to
make
himself
K.
He
also
by
letters
stirs
up
the
Gentry
and
Lords
to
assist
the
Earl
,
who
so
prevailed
with
the
D.
that
he
inlargeth
him
,
and
meant
to
give
him
aid
,
notwithstanding
K.
Richard
had
importuned
the
D.
to
deliver
up
the
person
of
Richmond
to
him
,
for
jewels
,
mony
,
and
large
promises
.
This
plot
was
not
so
closely
caried
,
but
K.
Richard
knew
of
it
;
therefore
he
means
either
to
win
Buckingham
,
or
to
dispatch
him
:
for
this
cause
he
kindly
invites
him
to
the
Court
;
but
the
D.
knowing
Richards
bloudy
disposition
,
Courtneys
,
Dorset
,
and
many
knights
.
The
K.
proscribes
Buckingham
,
promising
1000
pound
to
him
that
should
take
him
.
Upon
this
,
his
faithless
servant
Banaster
betrays
him
to
the
Sheriff
of
Shropshire
,
who
with
a
strong
guard
,
conveys
him
to
the
King
then
at
Shrewsbury
.
The
D.
upon
examination
confessed
all
,
&
without
farther
proceeding
lost
his
head
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Earl
of
Richmond
with
500
enters
the
sea
,
not
hearing
of
his
friends
arrival
out
of
England
,
nor
of
their
overthrow
;
but
by
a
sudden
storm
,
his
ships
were
scattered
,
and
driven
back
,
some
upon
Normandy
,
some
on
Britany
;
the
ship
in
which
the
Earl
was
,
kept
the
sea
,
with
one
more
.
The
next
day
the
Earl
came
before
Pool
,
but
finding
the
Coasts
all
along
filled
with
armed
men
,
doubting
they
were
his
enemies
,
though
they
laboured
to
train
him
in
,
returns
,
and
lands
safely
in
Normandy
;
whence
he
sends
to
Charles
8.
for
a
free
passage
into
Britany
,
which
the
K.
granted
,
and
withal
sent
him
store
of
mony
:
so
having
come
into
Britany
,
he
meets
his
exiled
friends
,
who
acknowledge
him
for
their
K.
conditionally
,
that
he
mary
with
K.
Edwards
daughter
,
which
he
promised
by
solemn
oath
to
do
.
So
they
make
ready
a
Fleet
by
the
D.
of
Britanies
help
,
and
levied
what
soldiers
they
could
●…et
.
Mean
while
K.
Richard
tyrannizeth
over
Richmonds
friends
,
he
makes
him
a
Traitor
by
act
of
Parliament
;
many
Lords
he
puts
to
death
,
and
seized
upon
their
whole
estates
as
Traitors
.
He
executed
one
for
this
distich
.
The
Rat
,
the
Cat
,
and
Lovel
the
Dog
,
Rule
all
in
England
under
the
Hog
.
That
is
,
Ratcliff
,
Catesby
,
and
Lovel
,
the
Tyrants
3
Favorites
,
ruled
all
under
K.
Richard
,
who
gave
a
Hog
for
his
supporter
,
to
make
himself
the
stronger
.
He
concludes
a
peace
with
K.
Iames
of
Scotland
,
and
matcheth
his
Niece
the
Lady
Anne
with
the
Prince
of
Rothsay
,
the
said
K
eldest
son
.
He
also
labours
again
with
large
bribes
and
promises
,
to
get
the
Earl
of
Richmond
into
his
hands
,
but
could
not
;
for
the
D.
of
Britany
was
then
sick
,
and
Peter
Landois
▪
who
at
S.
Malos
had
freed
the
Earl
heretofore
,
now
disposed
of
all
business
in
that
Country
.
He
being
greedy
of
so
great
a
prey
as
was
promised
,
to
wit
,
great
store
of
mony
,
and
all
the
Revenues
of
the
Earl
and
his
confederates
,
promiseth
to
betray
the
Earl
;
but
D.
Morton
hearing
of
the
danger
,
presently
acquaints
the
Earl
therewith
,
who
hasteneth
out
of
Britany
into
France
,
where
he
was
welcomed
with
his
friends
by
the
French
King
,
and
help
promised
him
.
Landois
had
appointed
some
companies
of
armed
men
to
attend
the
Earl
into
England
;
but
indeed
to
surprise
him
.
Now
when
it
was
given
out
,
that
the
French
K.
would
assist
the
Earl
,
divers
Commanders
from
Calice
secretly
repair
to
the
Earl
,
who
courteously
received
them
.
But
K.
Richard
understanding
of
preparations
in
France
to
aid
Richmond
,
he
deviseth
a
new
plot
to
keep
him
off
from
marying
with
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
as
he
intended
;
therefore
he
gets
the
Q.
Mother
upon
large
promises
made
to
her
,
to
deliver
into
his
custody
,
her
five
daughters
,
hoping
hereby
to
hinder
the
uniting
of
the
two
Houses
.
So
out
of
covetousness
,
she
delivers
her
daughters
to
him
,
who
had
killed
her
first
husband
,
executed
unjustly
her
brother
,
and
her
son
,
and
had
bastardized
and
murthered
her
two
other
sons
.
Having
got
them
into
his
custody
,
he
intends
to
mary
the
said
Elizabeth
his
brothers
daughter
,
but
that
was
hindred
by
Q.
Anne
his
wife
,
who
within
a
few
days
after
is
found
dead
in
her
bed
;
some
think
she
was
poisoned
;
others
,
that
it
was
grief
killed
her
,
because
she
perceived
the
designs
and
plots
of
her
wicked
husband
.
The
Queen
was
scarce
cold
,
when
King
Richard
makes
love
to
the
Lady
Elizabeth
;
but
she
kept
him
off
with
fair
words
,
desiring
him
first
to
subdue
the
Earl
of
Richmond
,
and
to
settle
himself
and
kingdom
.
Mean
while
false
news
comes
to
him
,
that
Richmond
and
his
friends
were
out
of
hope
to
receive
any
aid
from
the
French
King.
Upon
this
,
King
Richard
began
to
be
secure
,
and
to
discharge
his
Garisons
on
the
Sea
Coast.
When
news
was
brought
to
Richmond
,
that
his
Lady
,
and
her
sisters
were
by
their
mother
delivered
into
K.
Rich.
hands
,
that
the
wife
of
this
Richard
was
found
dead
,
and
he
now
made
love
to
the
Lady
Eliz.
his
chief
hopes
.
This
news
hastned
Richmond
to
come
for
England
;
therefore
having
obtained
of
the
French
King
mony
,
ships
,
armor
,
artillery
,
and
2000
men
,
he
arrives
at
Milford
Haven
in
Wales
.
The
Welch
understanding
that
he
was
the
son
of
Owen
Tuthar
,
their
Country
man
,
and
that
his
mariage
with
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
would
settle
and
unite
the
kingdom
,
they
flock
to
him
from
all
parts
.
Besides
these
,
Thomas
Lord
Stanley
,
Father
in
Law
to
Richmond
,
came
to
him
with
5000
men
;
Sir
George
Talbot
also
,
came
with
the
power
of
the
young
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
,
(
then
in
Ward
)
which
consisted
of
2000
men
.
All
these
had
been
levied
for
King
Richards
service
,
but
were
now
revolted
to
a
more
lawful
power
.
King
Richard
grieved
much
at
this
revolt
,
yet
raiseth
an
Army
of
20000
men
,
purposing
to
venture
all
upon
a
battel
.
The
D.
of
Norfolk
could
not
be
drawn
away
from
K.
Richard
,
but
remained
loyal
till
his
death
.
The
22
of
August
,
and
third
year
of
this
Tyrants
Reign
,
at
Bosworth
in
Leicestershire
,
the
two
armies
met
,
and
fought
for
two
howres
space
.
King
Richard
perceiving
his
men
to
fight
coldly
,
and
that
many
revolted
,
and
many
stood
by
as
Neuters
,
he
rusheth
furiously
amongst
his
enemies
,
and
was
stoutly
encountred
by
Sir
William
Brandon
,
the
Earls
Standerd
bearer
,
whom
Richard
slew
.
He
also
knockt
down
Sir
Iohn
Cheney
,
a
stout
man
,
and
gets
to
the
Earl
,
whom
he
fights
,
but
is
at
last
killed
by
him
,
and
so
by
the
death
of
this
Tyrant
,
the
long
quarrel
ended
.
Richard
lost
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
and
1000
more
.
The
Earl
lost
not
above
100.
King
Richards
carkass
was
found
naked
in
the
field
,
filthy
with
dirt
,
and
gory
bloud
,
which
was
cast
on
an
Horses
back
,
and
caried
to
Leicester
like
a
Calf
,
his
head
and
hands
hanging
down
on
the
one
side
,
and
his
legs
on
the
other
,
and
so
was
basely
interred
,
as
he
had
buried
his
two
Nephews
.
The
Crown
was
found
among
the
spoils
,
and
brought
to
Richmond
,
by
the
Lord
Stanley
his
Father
in
Law.
There
in
the
field
Henry
is
Crowned
,
with
the
acclamations
of
the
people
.
And
then
he
gives
solemn
thanks
to
God
;
and
CHAP.
XXVII
.
The
English
History
under
the
Reigns
of
King
Henry
the
7.
and
King
Henry
the
8.
from
the
year
1485.
till
the
year
1548.
KIng
Henry
the
7.
being
crowned
,
according
to
his
promise
marrieth
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
uniting
thereby
the
two
Roses
.
After
the
manner
of
France
,
he
chooseth
a
guard
to
attend
upon
him
,
and
makes
his
Uncle
Iasper
Earl
of
Pembrook
,
Duke
of
Bedford
;
The
Lord
Stanly
his
father-in-law
is
made
Earl
of
Derby
,
and
divers
other
honors
he
conferred
;
Stafford
the
Duke
of
Buckinghams
eldest
son
is
restored
to
his
fathers
honors
and
possessions
.
Then
he
calls
a
Parliament
,
wherein
all
former
Acts
prejudicial
to
him
,
or
his
,
are
cancelled
;
the
Crown
is
entailed
on
him
and
his
heirs
.
He
makes
also
good
Laws
,
and
pardons
his
enemies
upon
their
submission
.
He
bountifully
recompenced
the
Duke
of
Britany
for
his
former
favours
,
and
so
he
did
the
French
King
,
thereby
redeeming
his
Hostages
,
the
Marquess
Dorset
and
Sir
Iohn
Bourchier
.
But
King
Henry
was
not
suffered
to
enjoy
long
quietness
,
by
reason
of
unruly
spirits
,
such
as
the
L.
Lovel
,
Humfrey
Stafford
,
and
his
brother
Thomas
Broughton
in
the
North
;
the
two
Staffords
took
sanctuary
in
Culnham
Abbey
near
Oxford
,
and
the
Rebels
Army
left
to
the
Kings
mercy
,
who
upon
their
submission
pardoned
them
.
The
Staffords
are
taken
out
of
the
sanctuary
,
which
must
not
protect
Treason
;
Humfrey
was
put
to
death
,
the
younger
brother
spared
,
because
he
was
instigated
by
his
restless
brother
Humfrey
.
Shortly
after
the
quenching
of
this
fire
,
breaks
forth
a
new
flame
blown
by
Simond
a
Priest
,
who
knowing
that
Edw.
Plantaginet
Earl
of
Warwick
,
son
and
Lincoln
,
Francis
Lord
Lovel
,
with
some
other
prime
men
,
at
whose
comming
the
Dutchess
caused
to
be
levied
two
thousand
men
in
her
Country
under
Martin
Sward
;
these
sail
for
Ireland
,
and
joyn
with
Sir
Tho.
G●…rardin
the
Chancellor
who
had
raisied
two
thousand
Irish
ready
to
passe
for
England
.
Wise
and
vigilant
King
Henry
caused
the
true
Plantaginet
to
be
brought
from
the
Tower
through
the
streets
,
into
Pauls
Church
there
to
be
seen
by
the
people
.
Then
he
prepares
an
Army
to
encounter
Lamberts
forces
who
were
arrived
near
to
Lincolne
;
the
two
Armies
couragiously
joyn
battel
,
but
in
lesse
space
then
an
hour
,
the
naked
Irish
are
slain
with
their
Commanders
,
Lovel
,
Gerardine
,
Sward
and
Broughton
,
the
rest
submitted
,
and
are
pardoned
,
the
Priest
is
sent
to
perpetual
imprisoment
;
his
personated
Pupil
is
first
made
a
skullian
,
and
afterward
the
Kings
chief
Falkoner
.
Then
the
Queen
is
crowned
;
Archbishop
Bourchier
dieth
;
Morton
Bishop
of
Ely
succeeded
in
that
See
,
and
was
also
made
Lord
Chancellor
,
who
shortly
after
received
from
Pope
Alexander
6.
the
Cardinals
Hat.
The
troubles
between
the
French
king
,
and
the
Duke
of
Britany
did
perplex
The
Northern
Rusticks
of
York
and
Durham
,
refusing
to
pay
the
tax
granted
to
the
King
for
maintenance
of
the
British
war
,
rushed
furiously
upon
,
King
Charles
having
corrupted
the
British
Nobility
,
obtained
the
Lady
Shortly
after
,
the
king
sailed
over
to
Calice
,
and
there
having
marshalled
Mean
while
the
Dutchess
of
Burgundy
,
a
mortal
enemy
to
the
house
of
Lancaster
,
deviseth
a
new
trick
to
vexe
king
Henry
:
she
had
got
a
Dutch
boy
,
comely
,
learned
and
witty
,
his
true
name
was
Peter
Warbeck
,
but
nicknamed
Perkin
,
which
in
Dutch
signifieth
weakness
;
he
waseducated
by
this
Lady
in
all
Princely
qualities
,
so
that
he
was
thought
by
most
to
be
of
a
Noble
extraction
;
he
was
so
expert
in
the
pedigrees
of
the
houses
of
York
&
Lancaster
,
that
no
man
could
exceed
him
;
for
she
made
him
believe
that
under
the
name
of
Richard
D.
of
York
second
son
to
King
Edward
the
4.
her
brother
,
she
meant
to
make
him
King
;
then
she
sends
him
over
into
Ireland
,
where
he
was
received
as
their
Lord
and
King
:
the
French
king
also
willing
to
divert
the
English
Army
intended
against
him
,
and
to
remove
King
Henry
,
sends
for
this
Perkin
Warbeck
,
resolving
to
make
him
King
;
as
soon
as
he
was
come
to
the
French
Court
,
he
was
received
and
entertained
as
if
he
had
been
born
to
a
Kingdome
,
but
on
a
sudden
his
honours
vanished
into
smoak
,
for
a
peace
was
concluded
between
the
two
Crowns
,
and
Perkin
ran
away
secretly
to
the
Dutchess
of
Burgundy
,
and
fearing
lest
the
French
would
have
betraied
him
to
King
Henry
,
the
Dutchess
receives
him
with
great
joy
,
giving
him
all
the
accommodation
beseeming
a
Prince
,
with
a
guard
of
thirty
Gentlemen
;
then
she
caused
it
to
be
published
in
England
,
that
her
nephew
Richard
Duke
of
York
lived
in
her
Court
,
therefore
wisheth
all
true
hearted
English
to
stick
by
him
,
as
rightful
heir
to
the
Crown
.
The
report
is
suddenly
believed
by
those
who
were
willing
to
fish
in
troubled
waters
,
who
delight
in
the
change
,
who
were
discontented
with
th●…
house
of
Lancaster
,
and
complained
they
were
not
rewarded
by
King
Henry
as
they
deserved
.
Upon
this
Sir
Robert
Clifford
is
sent
into
Flanders
to
enquire
the
truth
of
things
,
who
having
conferred
with
the
Dutchess
,
and
seen
the
behaviour
of
this
Mock-prince
,
certifies
his
friends
in
England
,
that
this
is
the
true
son
of
King
Edward
the
4.
The
perswasion
of
which
grew
so
general
,
that
King
Henry
prepares
for
future
storms
,
and
Perkins
invasion
;
he
guards
all
the
Sea-coast
,
and
by
his
letters
informs
the
Burgundians
and
Flemings
of
the
vanity
and
foolery
of
this
device
;
he
sends
also
privately
some
politick
England
;
Maximilian
also
forbad
all
English
commodities
in
his
Countries
:
Upon
this
,
great
discontent
arose
among
the
English
Merchants
,
who
could
not
keep
so
many
Apprentices
and
Journy-men
as
formerly
,
therefore
a
multitude
of
Journy-men
and
Apprentices
run
furiously
into
the
Still-yard
,
broke
open
ware-houses
and
shops
,
rifling
all
in
their
way
,
and
abusing
tht
Easterlings
,
till
the
Lord
Maior
with
his
forces
dispersed
them
;
the
Ring-leaders
being
about
eighty
,
were
with
many
others
imprisoned
,
but
at
last
they
obtained
the
Kings
pardon
.
Sir
Robert
Clifford
repenting
of
his
journey
into
Flanders
,
obtains
the
Kings
pardon
,
and
leave
to
return
home
,
who
in
the
Tower
before
the
King
and
his
Lords
,
discovers
the
whole
practice
and
purpose
of
the
Lady
Margaret
and
Warbeck
.
The
King
also
enjoyns
him
to
discover
the
Conspirators
,
that
if
they
were
great
ones
,
they
might
be
presently
seized
on
,
without
further
trouble
,
being
already
in
the
Tower.
Sir
William
Stanly
onely
is
accused
,
whom
the
king
had
highly
loved
,
and
made
him
his
Chamberlain
:
but
now
having
nothing
to
say
for
himself
,
is
imprisoned
,
and
a
few
dayes
after
beheaded
.
Yet
for
all
this
,
many
out
of
several
ends
were
so
desirous
of
change
,
that
they
could
not
keep
their
tongues
from
speaking
despitefully
of
theking
;
but
he
curbed
their
tongues
by
strict
punishments
,
and
strengthened
himself
against
all
assaults
or
invasions
.
King
Henry
remembring
the
aide
which
the
wilde-Irish
gave
to
Perkin
two
years
ago
,
sends
an
Army
thither
under
the
command
of
Sr.
Edward
Poynings
,
Upon
the
great
desolation
of
the
Northern
parts
,
king
Henry
raiseth
a
puissant
army
to
be
revenged
on
the
Scots
;
for
the
maintaining
of
which
war
,
a
tax
is
granted
:
No
sooner
was
this
Army
on
foot
marching
northward
,
but
it
is
suddenly
recalled
;
for
the
Cornish-men
refused
to
pay
the
Tax
,
and
were
in
arms
,
pretending
that
the
king
and
kingdome
were
abused
by
Archbishop
Morton
,
and
Sr.
Reinold
Bray
,
the
kings
two
faithfullest
Councellors
;
that
these
two
polled
the
people
,
to
enrich
themselves
.
One
Ioseph
a
Black-smith
,
and
Flamock
a
lawyer
,
were
the
two
main
men
of
this
faction
;
these
being
in
a
great
body
,
presse
forward
towards
London
;
and
by
the
way
they
make
the
Lord
Audley
their
cheif
Commander
;
the
king
gives
them
leave
to
march
on
,
because
the
farther
they
are
from
their
own
home
,
the
lesse
help
they
shall
have
;
and
the
long
march
also
will
tire
their
souldiers
.
Now
when
they
came
into
Kent
,
the
help
which
they
expected
there
,
failed
them
;
and
not
only
so
,
but
were
ready
also
to
resist
and
suppresse
them
.
Wherefore
the
Cornish-men
being
no
ways
daunted
,
retired
to
Black-heath
,
intending
to
try
their
fortune
.
The
king
having
divided
his
Army
into
three
parts
;
chargeth
the
Rebels
in
the
face
with
his
own
part
,
the
other
two
on
either
side
;
the
Cornish
resist
stoutly
,
so
that
the
fight
lasted
some
houres
,
in
which
the
Lord
D'awbeny
was
taken
prisoner
by
them
,
but
presently
let
go
again
,
hoping
thereby
to
finde
favour
;
at
last
,
the
king
won
the
field
:
of
his
side
were
lost
three
hundred
,
of
the
Rebels
above
two
thousand
,
their
chief
Commanders
were
taken
prisoners
;
the
ring-leaders
of
this
rebellion
were
executed
as
traitours
:
their
heads
and
quarters
dispersed
in
divers
Towns
and
Castles
,
for
the
greater
terrour
of
Rebels
.
Whilest
king
Henry
was
busie
about
the
Cornishmen
,
lest
the
Scots
should
make
an
invasion
,
he
requires
Thomas
Howard
Earl
of
Surrey
,
with
Richard
Fox
Bishop
of
Durham
to
withstand
,
till
he
sent
more
power
to
aide
them
.
In
the
interim
,
the
Scots
invade
England
again
,
and
are
met
with
an
Army
of
twenty
thousand
,
which
made
them
retreat
;
the
English
enter
Scotland
,
and
destroy
divers
Towns
and
Forts
neer
the
borders
without
resistance
;
in
the
night-time
,
the
king
of
Scots
dismisseth
his
Army
,
who
disperse
themselves
into
the
woods
and
mountains
:
the
English
pursued
a
while
,
but
were
forced
to
give
off
by
reason
of
the
storms
,
and
want
of
provision
in
that
barren
part
of
Scotland
.
About
this
time
,
an
Ambassador
arrives
from
Ferdinand
king
of
Castile
,
to
mediate
a
peace
between
the
two
kings
.
A
Truce
for
some
years
is
concluded
,
conditionally
that
Warbeck
be
banished
out
of
Scotland
.
The
peace
also
between
France
and
England
is
ratified
;
the
English
trade
is
also
restored
to
the
Flemings
upon
the
desire
of
Philip
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
,
and
great
joy
was
used
in
Antwerp
upon
the
return
of
the
English.
And
now
king
Henry
had
peace
every
where
,
except
with
Perkin
,
who
being
turned
out
of
Scotland
,
sails
with
one
hundred
and
twenty
ragged
souldiers
and
four
ships
into
Cornwall
;
the
discontented
Cornish
flock
to
him
,
and
aid
him
with
three
thousand
men
;
with
these
he
marcheth
towards
Exeter
;
which
because
they
within
would
not
yeeld
upon
his
entreaties
,
he
besiegeth
it
round
;
and
for
want
of
Artillery
to
batter
the
wals
,
they
caused
them
to
be
scaled
in
many
places
at
once
:
but
still
he
is
repulsed
with
the
losse
of
many
of
his
men
in
the
Town-ditches
and
Trenches
.
Then
they
try
to
set
the
City-Gates
on
fire
,
but
the
townsmen
made
greater
fires
within
,
till
with
Banks
and
Bulwarks
they
secured
those
places
;
then
Perkin
fals
to
his
scaling
again
,
but
to
no
purpose
,
whereat
he
was
much
disheartned
:
Mean
while
,
the
King
resolves
with
his
Army
to
raise
the
siege
;
but
before
he
came
,
Courtney
Earle
of
Devonshire
with
a
good
Army
forceth
the
Rebels
to
give
over
the
siege
,
who
march
away
thence
to
Taunton
,
which
they
besiege
:
The
king
directs
his
march
thither
,
upon
the
report
of
whose
comming
,
Perkin
flies
away
with
sixty
horse
to
Beauly
Abbey
,
where
they
take
sanctuary
;
the
residue
of
them
were
taken
prisoners
,
and
divers
of
them
executed
:
but
the
meaner
sort
falling
on
their
knees
,
begged
for
mercy
,
which
the
king
granted
them
.
After
this
,
king
Henry
goeth
to
Exeter
,
where
having
thanked
and
commended
the
inhabitants
for
their
valour
and
loyalty
,
gave
to
them
his
sword
from
his
side
,
commanding
that
hereafter
it
should
be
born
before
the
Major
publiquely
,
as
formerly
and
for
the
like
purpose
king
Edward
the
fourth
had
done
.
Then
the
king
sends
some
bands
of
souldiers
to
Beauly
to
apprehend
Perkin
,
who
yeelded
himself
,
and
was
brought
to
the
king
,
by
whom
he
is
carried
After
these
things
,
Arthur
Prince
of
Wales
being
now
fifteen
years
old
,
is
Prince
Arthur
about
five
moneths
after
his
marriage
died
,
to
the
great
grief
of
all
good
men
,
and
was
buried
in
Winchester
:
his
brother
Henry
Duke
of
York
succeeded
in
the
Principality
of
Wales
,
and
was
the
next
year
after
created
Earl
of
Chester
by
the
king
.
The
Lady
Margaret
,
king
Henry's
eldest
daughter
,
with
a
great
train
of
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
is
sent
into
Scotland
to
king
Philip
Arch
Duke
of
Austria
going
by
Sea
to
take
possession
of
the
Kingdome
Thomas
Trenchard
entertains
them
both
at
his
house
,
and
acquaints
by
posts
King
Henry
of
the
Arch-Dukes
arrivall
:
The
king
presently
sends
to
invite
them
to
his
Court
,
being
then
at
Windsor
;
The
Prince
of
Wales
with
a
great
train
meets
them
about
five
miles
from
Windsor
,
and
within
half
a
mile
,
king
Henry
with
his
Nobility
welcomes
them
,
with
all
the
joy
and
solemnity
that
could
be
conceived
;
after
some
stay
at
Windsor
,
the
king
conducts
his
Royall
Guests
to
London
with
all
imaginable
magnificence
;
where
,
after
much
mirth
,
the
League
is
renewed
;
and
so
having
parted
with
much
love
,
Philip
and
his
Queen
embark
themselves
for
Spain
,
where
they
both
died
not
long
after
.
Within
a
while
king
Henry
began
Henry
the
eighth
succeeded
at
the
age
of
eighteen
years
;
he
married
Catherine
daughter
to
Ferdinand
of
Arragon
,
Prince
Arthur
his
brothers
wife
,
by
dispensation
from
Pope
Iulius
:
In
the
beginning
of
his
Reign
,
to
please
the
French
●…ing
,
who
had
invaded
the
Churches
Patrimony
,
and
proclaims
war
against
him
for
detaining
from
him
Guyen
and
Normandy
,
and
his
other
lands
in
France
;
For
this
his
assistance
of
the
Pope
,
both
against
the
French
sword
,
and
Luthers
pen
,
he
obtained
the
title
of
Defender
of
the
Faith.
Ferdinand
also
his
father
in
law
promiseth
to
help
king
Henry
against
France
,
if
he
would
land
his
men
in
Bisca
,
from
whence
they
might
march
to
Guyen
.
King
Henry
accordingly
sends
ten
thousand
men
under
Grey
Marquesse
of
Dorset
,
who
being
landed
in
Biscay
did
no
good
at
all
;
nor
had
they
any
aid
from
Ferdinand
,
whose
intention
was
onely
to
surprise
Navarre
for
his
own
use
,
which
he
did
;
for
having
raised
an
Army
under
Duke
D'Alva
,
which
he
pretended
to
joyn
with
the
English
forces
,
he
suddenly
rusheth
upon
Navarre
,
surpriseth
Pampalona
,
and
seiseth
himself
a
great
part
of
that
kingdome
:
nor
did
Ferdinand
at
all
assist
the
English
as
he
promised
,
but
suffered
them
for
foure
moneths
to
perish
with
want
and
sickness
,
so
that
the
Souldiers
returne
to
England
in
discontent
.
Whilst
things
were
acted
thus
by
the
Spaniard
,
the
English
Admiral
Sir
Edward
Howard
takes
divers
French
vessels
,
burns
and
spoils
Britany
in
divers
places
;
the
Britains
dated
indeed
the
Admiral
,
and
he
came
into
the
field
with
two
thousand
and
six
hundred
men
against
ten
thousand
;
but
when
they
perceived
the
English
courage
,
they
ran
away
.
King
Henry
upon
this
sends
more
aid
to
his
Admiral
both
of
ships
and
men
;
with
these
he
encounters
the
French
fleet
:
the
Regent
of
England
,
in
which
were
seven
hundred
souldiers
,
and
the
great
Carrick
of
Brest
wherein
were
nine
hundred
,
both
these
ships
being
fast
grapled
together
,
were
unfortunately
burnt
and
drowned
in
the
sea
,
with
all
that
were
in
them
:
the
French
king
increaseth
his
fleet
,
and
sent
it
with
all
necessaries
into
the
Haven
of
Brest
.
King
Henry
also
inlargeth
his
Fleet
,
with
which
the
English
Admiral
resolves
to
set
upon
the
French
at
Brest
,
but
as
he
was
entring
in
,
the
formost
Ship
was
splitted
upon
a
Rock
,
which
made
the
rest
forbear
to
proceed
.
The
Frenchmen
upon
this
fortifie
the
Haven
,
placing
in
the
mouth
thereof
four
and
twenty
old
Flemish
hulks
,
which
were
to
be
set
on
fire
when
the
English
Ships
did
draw
neer
them
;
they
raised
also
divers
Rampires
and
Bulwarks
for
their
great
Ordnance
.
The
English
Admiral
fearing
the
Haven
was
too
shallow
for
his
great
Ships
,
Thomas
Howard
,
brother
to
the
deceased
Admiral
,
is
put
in
his
place
.
Talbot
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
is
sent
into
France
with
eight
thousand
men
,
and
Somerset
Lord
Harbert
with
six
thousand
,
these
besiege
Tyrwin
;
shortly
after
the
king
himself
with
eleven
thousand
comes
over
and
joyns
himself
with
the
two
former
bodies
,
having
left
the
care
of
the
South
part
of
the
kingdome
to
his
Queen
,
and
of
the
North
to
Howard
Earl
of
Surrey
,
because
of
the
Scots
:
At
Tyrwyn
there
were
divers
sallies
of
the
French
upon
the
English
,
and
many
skirmishes
,
till
the
French
king
came
with
a
great
Army
to
raise
the
siege
;
after
many
bravado's
and
threats
,
the
battels
joyn
with
great
eagerness
,
but
at
last
the
French
are
beat
,
many
whereof
are
slain
,
many
taken
prisoners
,
the
rest
fled
,
Tyrwyn
is
surrendred
,
pillaged
,
and
burnt
down
,
onely
the
Bishops
Palace
was
preserved
with
the
Cathedral
Church
;
In
this
siege
Maximilian
the
Emperour
served
under
king
Henry
.
After
this
,
king
Henry
besiegeth
Turnay
,
which
after
many
sharp
assaults
and
skirmishes
,
yielded
to
submit
and
pay
ten
thousand
pound
to
king
Henry
.
Wolsey
the
kings
Almoner
takes
of
them
the
Oath
of
allegiance
,
and
Sir
Edward
Poynings
is
made
Governour
of
the
Town
,
and
so
the
winter
drawing
on
,
king
Henry
returns
home
,
mean
while
the
English
Admiral
vexeth
the
French
both
at
sea
and
land
.
The
Scots
,
in
the
absence
of
king
Henry
,
invade
England
with
●…ight
thousand
men
under
the
command
of
the
Lord
Humes
king
Iames
his
Chamberlain
,
these
having
done
much
mischief
with
fire
and
sword
,
are
suddenly
assaulted
by
Sir
William
Bulmer
and
one
thousand
Archers
,
who
defeated
them
,
and
stript
them
of
their
booty
,
being
too
secure
and
confident
.
King
Iames
in
revenge
of
this
defeat
,
against
the
peace
and
articles
of
marriage
,
enters
England
with
one
hundred
thousand
fighting
men
,
and
besieged
the
Castle
of
Norham
,
which
he
took
,
the
Earl
of
Surrey
being
aided
by
his
eldest
son
the
Admiral
,
marcheth
with
six
and
twenty
thousand
fighting
men
,
among
which
were
many
Lords
and
Knights
,
against
the
Scots
;
a
bloody
battel
is
fought
in
Floden
field
,
where
after
a
sharp
dispute
the
Scots
are
defeated
,
of
whose
army
were
slain
king
Iames
,
two
Bishops
,
twelve
Earles
,
fourteen
Lords
,
twelve
thousand
Gentlemen
and
common
souldiers
;
on
the
English
part
were
killed
fifteen
hundred
.
King
Henry
to
reward
the
service
of
those
who
had
fought
for
him
against
the
French
and
Scots
,
confers
on
them
divers
honours
.
Thomas
Howard
Earle
of
Surrey
is
made
Duke
of
Norfolke
,
and
his
son
the
Admiral
is
made
Earle
of
Surrey
.
Brandon
Viscount
Lysle
is
stiled
Duke
of
Suffolke
.
Sommerset
Lord
Herbert
is
created
Earle
of
Worcester
.
Stanly
is
made
Lord
Monteagle
,
and
Thomas
Wolsey
is
Bishop
of
Lincoln
.
About
the
end
of
this
year
the
enclosures
near
Islingtown
are
thrown
down
by
the
Londoners
,
as
hindring
their
recreations
.
The
French
under
Prior-Iohn
land
in
Sussex
in
the
night
time
,
and
burn
a
village
there
,
but
he
is
beaten
to
his
gallies
,
with
the
losse
of
many
of
Iohn
Wallop
from
the
Admiral
lands
in
Normandy
with
eight
hundred
men
,
where
he
burns
and
spoils
one
and
twenty
villages
.
After
this
a
peace
is
concluded
between
France
and
England
,
upon
a
match
between
the
French
King
Lewis
the
12.
and
Mary
King
Henries
sister
.
Hereupon
the
Duke
of
Longuevil
,
and
the
other
French
prisoners
taken
at
the
battel
of
Tyrwin
,
are
released
;
the
Lady
with
a
great
train
is
landed
at
Bulloign
,
where
the
Dolphin
with
the
French
Nobility
receives
and
brings
her
to
Abuyle
,
where
she
is
married
,
and
shortly
after
crowned
at
Paris
;
but
within
twelve
weeks
after
the
marriage
King
Lewis
dieth
,
and
Queen
Mary
is
brought
again
into
England
by
the
Duke
of
About
these
times
,
Thomas
Wolsey
born
in
Ipswich
of
mean
parents
,
became
the
most
potent
man
in
the
Kingdome
;
First
he
was
the
Kings
Almoner
,
then
Bishop
of
Lincolne
,
then
a
Privy-counsellor
,
at
last
Archbishop
and
Cardinal
of
Yorke
;
yet
not
content
with
all
this
,
he
gets
the
King
to
take
the
great
Seal
from
Canterbury
,
and
to
give
it
him
,
whereby
he
became
also
the
Chancellor
of
England
,
so
that
now
without
him
no
matter
of
Church
or
State
was
managed
.
He
demands
accounts
of
all
officers
in
the
last
wars
,
and
thereby
enricheth
himself
,
either
sharing
with
them
,
or
receiving
great
bribes
from
them
;
The
King
and
Queen
,
the
twelfth
year
of
Henries
Reign
,
resolve
to
passe
over
into
France
,
for
which
cause
great
and
rich
preparations
are
made
by
Sea
At
Bruges
,
the
causes
of
the
war
beween
Caesar
and
France
are
disputed
at
large
:
the
Cardinal
makes
a
witty
speech
commending
the
excellency
of
peace
,
which
the
Emperor
liked
well
,
but
withall
told
the
Cardinal
,
That
God
had
not
put
the
sword
in
vain
in
the
Magistrates
hand
,
but
that
by
it
he
was
to
mantain
his
hereditary
rights
against
usurpers
,
and
regain
by
violence
what
by
violence
was
detained
,
and
therefore
he
doubted
not
of
his
Uncle
king
Henries
help
,
seeing
all
Princes
were
bound
to
support
right
,
and
suppresse
wrong
;
he
complains
also
of
the
wrongs
done
by
the
French
to
him
,
in
repudiating
his
daughter
the
Lady
Margaret
,
in
detaining
from
him
his
Towns
and
Castles
in
Picardy
,
in
getting
treacherously
from
him
his
wife
the
Lady
Iane
the
young
Dutchess
of
Brittany
,
in
mantaining
his
rebellious
subject
the
Duke
of
Gelders
against
him
,
and
lastly
his
surprisal
of
the
kingdome
of
Naples
from
the
house
of
Castile
.
The
Cardinal
could
reply
but
little
to
what
was
said
,
therefore
he
took
his
leave
,
and
returns
for
England
,
where
he
is
welcomed
and
feasted
by
the
king
.
The
proud
Cardinal
,
under
colour
of
the
kings
aid
to
Caesar
against
France
,
grants
forth
Commissions
under
the
great
Seal
of
England
for
every
man
to
set
The
Cardinal
perceiving
how
the
king
had
laid
all
the
blame
upon
him
,
to
ingratiate
himself
with
the
people
,
he
calls
the
Maior
of
London
with
his
brethren
before
him
,
to
whom
he
protested
that
he
had
kneeled
to
the
king
to
perswade
him
to
revoke
the
Commission
,
and
to
relie
on
his
peoples
benevolence
;
to
this
purpose
he
directs
his
letters
to
all
the
Shires
,
but
this
policie
could
not
get
the
peoples
good
opinion
of
him
;
then
Commissions
are
made
for
the
benevolence
,
but
they
also
did
not
take
with
the
people
,
some
pleading
poverty
;
others
,
that
demanding
of
benevolences
was
against
their
liberty
,
and
the
statute
made
in
the
first
year
of
king
Richard
the
third
.
About
this
time
,
the
Cardinal
procures
a
licence
from
the
Pope
to
pull
down
some
smal
religious
houses
,
for
appropriating
their
lands
and
revenews
to
two
Colledges
which
he
had
erected
,
the
one
at
Oxford
,
the
other
at
Ipswich
:
this
gave
a
hint
not
long
after
to
king
Henry
to
demolish
all
such
houses
.
Then
this
busie-headed
Butchers
dog
(
as
the
people
called
him
)
took
upon
him
to
reform
the
kings
house
;
therefore
he
put
out
some
of
his
menial
servants
,
and
puts
worse
in
their
rooms
:
He
bestows
on
the
king
his
Mannor
of
Hampton
Court
,
for
which
he
hath
leave
of
the
king
to
keep
his
court
in
his
Palace
at
Richmond
.
The
French
king
,
about
this
time
,
desires
in
marriage
the
Lady
Mary
,
king
Henry's
onely
daughter
;
but
this
motion
liked
not
our
States-men
,
who
The
King
presently
upon
this
,
imploys
the
Cardinal
in
an
Embassie
to
the
French
king
,
the
substance
whereof
was
onely
known
to
the
king
and
him
;
at
his
departure
,
the
king
takes
his
leave
of
him
,
as
of
a
familiar
friend
:
when
he
rode
through
London
he
was
attended
on
by
twelve
hundred
Horse
.
At
Calice
and
Bulloin
he
is
received
with
great
honour
,
and
flattering
Pageants
are
presented
to
him
at
Bulloin
:
as
he
rode
towards
Amiens
,
he
is
met
by
the
Provost
and
chief
Citizens
,
and
within
half
a
mile
by
the
king
himself
,
who
in
great
state
conducted
him
to
his
lodging
,
on
the
gates
whereof
was
written
in
fair
letters
Cardinalis
Pacificus
:
after
much
entertainment
and
divers
conferences
,
a
Peace
is
concluded
,
and
sealed
with
a
seale
of
gold
:
of
which
afterward
the
Cardinal
bragged
in
the
Star-chamber
,
and
that
he
had
made
an
everlasting
peace
;
but
the
people
muttered
,
that
France
never
kept
peace
long
with
England
;
and
that
a
peace
with
Caesar
and
the
Flemings
(
which
the
Cardinal
kept
off
)
had
been
better
.
The
nullity
of
the
kings
marriage
being
smothered
a
while
,
is
revived
again
;
At
Rome
,
there
is
a
custom
that
all
legal
proceedings
cease
from
the
last
of
Iuly
till
the
fourth
of
October
;
which
the
two
Cardinals
willing
to
observe
,
resolve
to
adjourn
their
Court
,
at
which
the
king
is
troubled
,
and
sends
the
Dukes
of
Norfolk
and
Suffolk
with
other
Lords
to
the
Legats
for
dispatch
of
their
sentence
,
but
could
not
prevaile
,
which
made
Suffolk
cry
out
in
open
Court
,
That
never
any
Legat
or
Cardinal
did
good
in
England
.
The
king
resolves
to
wait
till
October
;
but
understanding
that
Campeius
was
bound
for
Rome
,
being
sent
for
by
the
Pope
,
and
that
this
businesse
was
to
be
determined
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
which
would
prove
both
tedious
,
chargeable
,
and
troublesome
:
He
began
to
be
sensible
of
the
jugling
of
these
two
Legats
,
and
withall
to
hate
Wolsey
,
whom
of
nothing
he
had
raised
to
such
honour
and
greatnesse
.
The
kings
Counsel
and
Nobility
being
glad
that
Wolsey
was
like
to
fall
,
help
to
further
it
,
by
framing
articles
against
him
,
for
his
pride
,
tyrany
,
oppression
,
and
secret
correspondency
with
the
Pope
,
by
which
the
kings
power
was
diminished
;
therefore
they
conclude
he
incurred
a
praemunire
and
forfeiture
of
all
his
estate
,
and
promotions
,
and
liberty
to
the
king
:
these
articles
were
delivered
to
the
king
and
subscribed
,
who
concealed
them
for
a
while
;
then
Campeius
takes
his
leave
of
the
king
at
Woodstock
;
Wolsey
is
commanded
by
the
king
to
attend
him
into
London
,
not
knowing
what
had
passed
;
as
they
were
journying
from
thence
to
the
sea-coast
,
by
order
,
Campeius
his
Trunks
are
opened
,
and
search
made
for
Wolsey's
letters
to
Rome
,
but
they
were
sent
away
a
day
before
by
the
post
.
The
Cardinal
was
indicted
the
next
Term
in
the
kings
Bench
,
upon
the
Statute
of
Praemunire
,
by
Hales
the
kings
Atturney
;
and
the
Indictment
being
found
against
him
,
the
Dukes
of
Norfolk
and
Suffolk
are
required
to
take
the
great
seal
from
him
,
which
was
bestowed
on
Sir
Thomas
Moore
;
then
the
Cardinals
goods
by
command
are
seised
on
,
and
he
is
confined
to
Asher
neer
Kingston
:
then
being
required
to
plead
to
his
Indictment
,
by
his
Atturney
he
confessed
all
;
his
places
are
taken
from
him
,
and
conferred
on
others
;
yet
the
king
left
to
him
the
Bishopricks
of
York
and
Winchester
,
and
sent
him
also
much
of
his
plate
and
houshold-stuffe
.
And
now
the
king
begins
to
manage
the
affairs
of
the
Church
and
State
himself
,
the
charge
whereof
hitherto
he
committed
to
Wolsey
.
In
Parliament
a
complaint
is
made
against
the
Clergy
for
exacting
large
sums
as
fees
for
the
probate
of
Wils
.
2.
For
demanding
Mortuaries
of
poore
house-keepers
.
3.
For
becomming
Husbandmen
,
and
Grasiers
,
and
Farmers
.
4.
For
keeping
Tanning-houses
,
for
being
Grocers
,
for
ingrossing
Wool
,
Cloth
,
and
other
commodities
.
5.
For
enjoying
great
revenews
and
benefices
,
in
which
they
neither
preached
nor
kept
hospitality
.
6.
Because
some
dunces
kept
above
twelve
benefices
.
This
complaint
is
much
opposed
by
the
Bishops
,
chiefly
by
Rochester
,
who
told
the
Lords
,
that
these
proceedings
of
the
Commons
were
like
those
of
the
Bohemians
,
which
proceeded
not
of
Faith
:
The
Commons
complain
to
the
king
against
the
Bishop
for
counting
them
Hereticks
and
Infidels
;
the
king
sends
for
the
Bishop
and
accuseth
him
,
who
clears
himself
that
he
spoke
that
phrase
of
the
Bohemians
,
not
of
the
house
of
Commons
.
Then
shortly
after
this
debate
between
the
Bishop
and
Commons
,
in
which
some
uncivil
words
were
used
,
Articles
are
preferred
against
Wolsey
,
which
are
these
;
1.
That
he
got
himself
by
sinistrous
means
to
be
made
the
Popes
Legate
,
to
the
kings
prejudice
in
ecclesiastical
things
.
2.
In
writing
still
,
Ego
&
Rex
meus
;
as
if
the
king
were
his
inferiour
.
3.
For
calling
the
Church
of
England
a
reprobate
Church
,
in
his
letters
to
the
Pope
.
4.
For
carrying
beyond
seas
the
great
seal
of
the
kingdome
,
without
leave
.
5.
For
sending
a
commission
under
the
seal
,
without
the
king
,
about
making
a
Peace
betwixt
his
Majesty
and
the
Duke
of
Ferrara
.
6.
For
presuming
to
come
neer
the
king
and
breath
upon
him
,
when
he
had
the
French
●…ox
.
7.
For
causing
a
Cardinals
Hat
to
be
stamped
on
the
kings
coyn
.
8.
For
inhibiting
the
kings
Clark
of
the
Market
to
execute
his
office
in
St.
Albans
,
being
a
parcel
of
his
Abbey
.
9.
For
conveying
in
sixteen
barrels
two
hundred
and
forty
thousand
pounds
to
th●…
Pope
,
besides
other
sums
at
other
times
,
and
for
exacting
by
his
commissions
infinite
sums
of
money
from
the
people
,
purposely
to
disturbe
the
kingdoms
peace
;
all
these
articles
Wolsey
confessed
,
and
submitted
himself
to
the
kings
mercy
.
The
king
understanding
that
the
Emperour
and
Pope
were
together
at
Bononia
,
sends
an
Ambassadour
to
them
,
to
let
them
know
,
that
it
was
not
out
of
any
dislike
he
had
of
his
Queen
that
he
desired
a
divorce
,
but
because
the
President
of
Paris
and
many
grave
Divines
conceive
this
marriage
unlawfull
;
therefore
he
desires
,
for
satisfaction
of
his
conscience
,
that
a
speedy
sentence
may
passe
.
The
Emperor
said
,
he
would
be
satisfied
by
the
judgment
of
the
Law
in
that
point
.
The
Pope
promiseth
an
end
,
when
he
came
to
Rome
;
but
he
meant
no
such
thing
:
for
if
he
should
give
sentence
against
Pope
Iulius
his
dispensation
,
he
would
make
all
future
dispensations
of
no
validity
;
and
if
he
should
give
sentence
against
the
Queen
,
he
would
make
Caesar
his
enemy
.
King
Henry
seeing
nothing
but
delayes
,
imployes
the
chief
Divines
of
England
to
travel
into
all
Universities
to
know
their
opinions
about
this
match
:
these
returning
,
brought
twelve
Instruments
sealed
by
so
many
Universities
,
all
concluding
the
Kings
marriage
unlawfull
.
At
this
time
Wolsey
gets
leave
to
live
within
his
Diocesse
of
Tork
;
one
Cromwell
a
servant
of
his
,
left
him
,
and
got
into
the
Kings
service
and
favour
also
.
The
King
was
content
,
that
the
Cardinals
Colledge
at
Oxford
(
called
then
Kings-Colledge
,
now
Christ-Church
)
should
be
endowed
with
the
Lands
which
were
forfeited
;
but
he
destroyed
his
Colledges
at
Ipswich
,
as
being
needlesse
.
The
King
understanding
that
Wolsey
had
got
a
Bull
from
Rome
to
curse
him
,
if
he
did
not
restore
him
to
all
his
goods
and
places
,
causeth
a
Proclamation
to
be
published
,
That
all
Appeals
,
Provisions
and
Instruments
procured
from
Rome
against
the
Kings
power
,
within
one
year
next
before
that
time
,
or
to
be
procured
hereafter
,
to
be
be
void
,
and
the
procurers
thereof
to
be
punishable
.
Mean
while
the
Cardinal
by
his
Letters
animates
the
Pope
and
Clergy
against
the
King
,
and
they
on
the
other
side
encourage
him
to
constancie
,
promising
his
restoration
:
Wolsey
being
puffed
up
upon
this
,
makes
great
preparation
for
his
instalment
in
the
Archbishoprick
of
York
,
inviting
the
Northern
Gently
thither
,
meaning
to
feast
them
magnificently
;
he
erected
his
seat
in
the
Cathedral-church
,
in
height
and
state
like
a
Kings
throne
.
The
King
understood
of
all
these
proceedings
,
that
they
were
done
to
affront
him
;
therefore
to
prevent
his
instalment
,
a
Commission
is
sent
to
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
to
arrest
him
and
commit
him
to
Sheffield-castle
;
he
stood
upon
the
priviledge
of
a
Roman
Cardinal
,
and
that
he
was
exempted
from
the
secular
power
;
yet
he
was
seised
on
,
and
his
goods
also
,
his
Officers
were
discharged
,
and
his
Physitian
sent
to
the
Tower
,
whither
also
the
Cardinal
was
to
be
brought
,
but
that
he
fell
suddenly
sick
,
upon
the
sight
of
the
Captain
of
the
Tower
that
came
to
apprehend
him
;
he
took
a
strong
Purge
,
which
in
two
nights
killed
him
.
The
Clergie
being
guilty
of
a
Praemunire
,
by
maintaining
the
Cardinals
Legantine
power
,
paid
to
the
King
an
hundred
thousand
pounds
,
to
prevent
further
mischief
;
and
by
a
publike
Instrument
acknowledged
him
Supreme
Head
of
the
Church
of
England
.
So
Wolsey
being
gone
,
the
King
causeth
the
Opinion
of
the
Universities
to
be
read
openly
in
his
Parliament
,
and
then
to
be
sent
to
the
Queen
,
who
for
all
this
will
not
relinquish
her
Appeale
to
Rome
,
whereupon
the
King
gets
her
to
be
divorced
,
and
the
Archbishop
to
pronounce
the
marriage
null
;
and
then
he
fals
in
love
with
the
Lady
Anne
Bullen
,
whom
he
made
Marchionesse
of
Pembrook
,
and
afterward
married
her
.
In
this
Kings
time
,
on
May-day
,
great
outrages
were
committed
upon
Merchant-strangers
and
their
goods
,
by
multitudes
of
unruly
Londoners
;
but
they
were
quickly
suppressed
by
the
Lord
Maior
,
and
divers
of
them
executed
,
the
●…est
were
pardoned
by
the
king
who
sate
then
in
Guild-hall
,
Tournay
is
delivered
up
to
the
French
by
king
Henry
for
sixty
thousand
crowns
,
which
was
disliked
by
some
,
because
it
was
a
curb
to
the
French
,
and
a
nurcery
for
training
the
English
youth
in
martial
discipline
.
Charles
after
the
death
of
Maximilian
,
comming
from
Spain
to
receive
the
Empire
,
by
the
way
is
reyally
entertained
in
England
.
King
Henry
being
told
by
his
Privy-counsel
,
that
some
Gentlemen
of
his
privy-chamber
were
too
familiar
and
bold
with
him
,
the
king
thanked
them
,
and
left
those
gallants
at
the
Counsels
disposing
who
removed
them
,
and
put
wiser
men
in
their
room
:
King
Henry
as
he
returned
from
visiting
the
French
king
,
by
the
way
gave
the
Emperor
a
visit
at
Graveling
,
and
a
peace
is
concluded
between
these
three
Princes
.
The
Duke
of
Buckingham
being
made
believe
by
a
Monk
that
he
should
be
King
,
because
he
bragged
of
it
,
and
seemed
to
rejoyce
thereat
,
was
arraigned
at
Westminster
before
the
Duke
of
Norfolke
High-steward
of
England
,
and
was
beheaded
on
the
Tower-hill
.
The
peace
concluded
between
England
and
France
is
broken
by
the
French
;
1.
In
sending
Iohn
Duke
of
Albany
into
Scotland
to
raise
new
wars
.
2.
In
detaining
from
King
Henry
the
yearly
tribute
due
for
Normandy
,
and
Aquitain
&c.
3.
By
seising
on
the
English
Merchants
goods
,
and
committing
them
to
prison
.
4.
By
spoiling
and
taking
the
English
ships
at
sea
.
5.
By
refusing
to
pay
to
Queen
Mary
Dowager
of
France
her
yearly
pension
.
6.
And
by
refusing
to
pay
the
money
promised
for
Tournay
.
For
those
wrongs
King
Henry
prepares
his
Navy
,
which
he
delivers
to
the
charge
of
the
Earle
of
Surrey
;
then
he
restrains
the
French
Ambassador
of
his
liberty
,
seiseth
on
the
French
mens
goods
,
(
except
such
as
were
Denizens
)
and
imprisoneth
them
.
The
English
Admiral
lands
some
men
in
Brittany
,
whom
he
conducteth
to
Morley
,
and
having
beaten
open
with
great
shot
the
chief
gate
,
enters
the
Town
;
rifles
and
burns
it
.
Forces
also
are
sent
to
Scotland
to
prevent
the
comming
in
of
the
Scots
hither
.
The
Admiral
having
ransacked
divers
Towns
in
France
,
returns
with
great
booty
into
England
.
Iohn
Duke
of
Albany
by
the
French
kings
procurement
raiseth
a
great
Army
in
Scotland
to
invade
England
;
against
them
two
Armies
are
sent
;
the
one
under
the
Earle
of
Shrewsbury
;
the
other
of
eight
and
twenty
thousand
under
the
Lords
Rosse
and
Dacres
;
but
these
Armies
onely
viewed
each
other
,
and
so
parted
without
blows
.
Charles
Brandon
Duke
of
Suffolk
is
sent
into
France
with
thirteen
thousand
men
,
where
he
makes
great
havock
,
and
takes
Bell
Castle
.
From
the
Emperor
to
the
Dukes
service
came
three
thousand
foot
and
five
hundred
horse
,
with
these
the
Town
of
Bray
is
taken
by
assault
,
then
they
passe
over
the
river
Some
into
France
,
and
do
much
hurt
;
but
the
winter
approaching
,
and
the
Duke
of
Burbon
who
was
revolted
from
the
French
to
the
Emperor
came
not
with
his
ten
thousand
men
as
was
promised
,
as
also
because
the
English
had
not
carts
as
the
Burgundians
to
carry
away
their
booty
,
they
were
resolved
to
disband
;
Suffolk
sends
to
know
the
Kings
pleasure
,
who
would
not
assent
to
their
return
,
but
sends
the
Lord
Mountjoy
with
six
thousand
men
,
yet
notwithstanding
the
souldiers
without
the
Dukes
leave
disband
themselves
.
Mean
while
the
Duke
of
Albany
raiseth
an
Army
of
eighty
thousand
Scots
,
against
whom
the
Admiral
and
Treasurer
of
England
march
with
forty
thousand
,
but
there
was
no
blow
at
all
given
,
for
the
Scots
retreated
;
then
the
Scots
Queen
,
King
Henries
eldest
sister
,
obtains
a
truce
till
a
peace
could
be
concluded
:
Albany
perceiving
that
the
Scots
Nobility
could
not
endure
that
he
being
a
Frenchman
born
,
and
(
next
to
the
king
)
inheritor
of
that
Crown
;
should
have
the
rule
of
their
king
and
kingdome
;
and
fearing
some
mischief
,
fled
secretly
into
France
;
upon
whose
departure
a
peace
is
concluded
,
and
a
match
proposed
between
the
Lady
Mary
king
Henries
daughter
;
and
young
king
Iames
of
Scotland
,
the
Emperor
also
sends
to
have
the
same
Lady
Mary
for
his
wife
,
on
whom
he
proffers
to
bestow
for
her
dowry
the
Low-countries
;
he
desired
also
that
her
portion-money
might
be
presently
disbursed
for
Caesars
wars
,
and
that
king
Henry
would
in
person
with
a
royal
Army
invade
France
which
was
an
enemy
to
them
both
:
the
king
being
offended
with
the
Emperor
for
raising
the
price
of
his
gold
within
his
Provinces
,
answered
,
That
his
daughter
was
too
young
to
marry
.
Then
the
French
king
sends
to
have
her
for
his
son
the
Dolphin
;
but
this
motion
was
crossed
by
the
Duke
of
Burbons
Army
,
and
the
Marquess
of
Piscary
,
who
took
the
French
king
and
his
children
prisoners
as
he
lay
at
the
siege
of
Pavia
.
About
this
time
king
Henry
in
his
hawking
,
fell
with
his
head
downward
into
a
ditch
,
which
he
offered
to
leap
over
,
and
had
been
smothered
in
the
mud
,
if
his
foot-man
Moody
had
not
plucked
his
head
out
of
the
mud
:
Not
long
after
this
,
the
king
bestows
divers
honours
;
he
made
his
bastard-son
begot
on
Elizabeth
Blunt
,
Henry
Fitz-roy
Earle
of
Nottingham
;
Courtney
Marquess
of
Exeter
;
Brandon
Suffolks
eldest
son
by
the
French
Queen
Mary
his
wife
,
is
created
Earle
of
Lincoln
;
Manners
Lord
Rosse
is
made
Earle
of
Rutland
,
with
divers
others
.
Ambassadors
are
sent
from
the
Queen
Regent
of
France
for
concluding
a
peace
,
with
the
proffer
of
twenty
hundred
thousand
crowns
for
arrearages
of
the
tribute
,
whereof
fifty
thousand
pounds
sterling
should
be
paid
in
hand
,
and
security
given
for
the
rest
;
they
promise
also
to
pay
Queen
Mary
her
dowry
:
upon
this
a
peace
is
made
,
and
now
the
King
by
the
means
of
Thomas
Cromwel
(
whom
of
Wolsey's
servant
he
had
made
a
Baron
and
Counsellor
of
Thomas
More
,
who
disliking
the
Kings
proceedings
against
Queen
Katherine
and
the
Pope
,
had
delivered
the
great
Seal
into
the
Kings
hands
;
Dr.
Fisher
also
Bishop
of
Rochester
refused
to
swear
,
and
both
protested
against
the
said
Act
of
Parliament
,
for
which
cause
they
both
lost
their
heads
.
The
next
year
the
Kings
supremacie
is
confirmed
by
Parliament
.
The
Lord
Dacres
about
this
time
is
suspected
of
treason
,
and
acquitted
.
Elizabeth
Burton
the
holy
Maid
of
Kent
with
her
complices
were
executed
for
conspiring
the
kings
death
,
under
the
shew
of
devotion
.
The
next
year
the
kings
supremacie
is
again
confirmed
,
and
the
Popes
power
banished
;
first-fruits
also
,
tenths
and
benefices
,
with
all
Church-dignities
are
granted
to
the
Iohn
Seymours
daughter
,
mother
to
king
Edward
,
but
shortly
after
his
birth
she
died
.
The
Lord
Thomas
Howard
is
beheaded
for
marrying
Archibald
Douglasse
,
by
whom
she
had
a
daughter
called
Ma●…garet
.
Two
and
thirty
Commissioners
are
named
by
the
king
who
were
to
make
Ecclesiastick
laws
,
and
by
the
same
Parliament
all
religious
houses
not
exceeding
in
revenue
yearly
two
hundred
pounds
,
were
dissolved
and
given
to
the
king
;
a
book
of
Articles
also
concerning
Church-government
is
published
by
the
Clergy
:
these
proceedings
against
the
Popes
power
,
occasioned
the
Lincolnshire
men
to
rise
in
a
body
of
twenty
thousand
;
the
king
levieth
a
great
Army
,
and
marcheth
against
them
;
they
humbly
petition
that
the
religious
houses
may
not
be
dissolved
,
nor
the
old
Church-government
altered
:
but
the
king
would
hearken
to
nothing
,
except
a
hundred
of
their
Ring-leaders
were
sent
to
him
to
be
punished
;
upon
this
every
one
suspecting
himself
,
they
all
forsook
the
field
and
went
home
;
but
Captain
Cobler
(
indeed
Dr.
Mackarel
)
with
some
others
were
shortly
after
found
out
and
executed
.
This
was
no
sooner
appeased
,
when
another
Rebellion
starts
up
in
the
North
of
forty
thousand
men
,
complaining
also
that
the
old
Religion
was
changed
and
wronged
:
Against
these
the
Dukes
of
Norfolk
and
Suffolk
are
sent
with
a
great
Army
;
but
their
intended
fight
was
hindred
by
the
sudden
swelling
of
a
small
Brook
that
lay
between
them
,
upon
a
shower
of
rain
;
which
so
wrought
upon
the
Rebels
,
that
a
general
Pardon
being
promised
,
they
all
went
peaceably
home
.
In
Cumberland
a
third
Rebellion
breaks
out
,
by
Tilby
and
Musgrave
,
with
Hartford
,
Fitz-William
Earle
of
Southampton
;
and
among
the
rest
,
Sir
Thomas
Cromwel
Counsellor
of
Estate
,
Knight
of
the
Garter
,
Lord
Privy-Seal
,
Lord
Cromwel
,
is
made
the
Kings
Vicegerent
in
all
Church-matters
,
and
had
the
precedencie
of
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
;
and
to
shew
how
officious
he
was
,
he
destroyed
Images
and
Shrines
,
the
Begging
Friars
and
Nuns
.
About
this
time
,
the
Marquis
of
Exeter
Henry
Poole
,
with
divers
Gentlemen
,
for
conspiring
with
Cardinal
Poole
(
now
beyond
the
seas
)
to
reestablish
the
Popes
authority
,
are
executed
,
and
so
are
divers
Abbots
and
others
for
denying
the
Kings
supremacie
.
Shortly
after
this
a
Rebellion
brake
out
in
Ireland
by
O-Neale
,
but
is
suppressed
by
the
Lord
Grey
Deputy
.
The
Lord
Cromwell
is
made
Earle
of
Essex
,
by
whose
advice
the
king
quarrels
with
the
Religious
houses
,
pretending
their
vices
and
idlenesse
,
but
indeed
aiming
at
their
wealth
and
revenues
,
which
amounted
to
more
then
two
hundred
thousand
pounds
yearly
;
all
this
wealth
was
given
by
the
Parliament
to
the
King
,
who
exchanged
these
lands
with
Noblemen
for
other
lands
.
Cromwell
having
made
havock
of
the
Church
,
perswades
the
King
to
marry
the
Lady
Anne
of
Cleve
,
a
good
woman
,
but
no
wayes
lovely
,
except
in
her
flattering
pictures
;
which
made
King
Henry
,
after
he
had
been
married
foure
moneths
,
to
slight
her
.
Hereupon
the
Clergy
,
to
flatter
the
King
,
pronounce
this
marriage
to
be
null
,
because
she
confessed
the
King
could
not
afford
her
that
benevolence
due
from
a
husband
to
a
wife
:
The
like
sentence
is
published
by
the
Parliament
,
and
withall
,
that
it
was
lawfull
for
him
and
her
to
marry
when
and
whom
they
pleased
;
it
was
also
enacted
,
that
whosoever
spake
or
wrote
to
the
contrary
,
should
be
held
as
traitors
.
King
Henry
being
now
free
,
within
twenty
dayes
after
marrieth
Katherine
Howard
the
daughter
of
the
Lord
Howard
,
brother
to
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
:
And
withall
he
began
to
cast
off
his
favourite
Cromwell
;
which
his
enemies
perceiving
,
prefer
a
Bill
of
High-treason
against
him
,
wherein
he
is
accused
of
divers
things
in
generall
;
so
then
being
by
Parliament
attainted
of
Treason
,
and
of
Heresie
also
in
supporting
the
Lutherans
,
he
is
beheaded
with
the
Lord
Hungerford
on
the
Tower-hill
.
About
this
time
also
Grey
the
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
for
procuring
the
Irish
Rebels
to
enter
and
make
havock
within
the
English
pale
,
is
condemned
of
treason
and
beheaded
.
Queen
Katherine
being
accused
for
her
unchaste
conversation
before
her
Francis
Dyrham
,
and
after
with
Thomas
Culpeper
;
the
two
Gentlemen
suffer
death
at
Tyburn
;
the
Queen
,
and
the
Lady
Rochford
who
brought
Culpeper
into
the
Queens
chamber
,
are
beheaded
.
In
this
Parliament
the
King
is
proclaimed
King
of
Ireland
,
which
title
his
predecessors
never
assumed
.
Then
the
King
married
Katherine
Parre
the
Marquis
of
Northamptons
sister
,
the
Lord
Latimers
wife
sometimes
,
who
had
not
escaped
with
her
head
,
had
king
Henry
escaped
death
.
About
this
time
Oneal
and
his
son
re●…air
to
the
Kings
Court
,
submissively
confessing
their
rebellions
,
for
which
the
King
pardons
them
,
and
made
the
father
Earle
of
Tyrone
,
and
his
sonne
Lord
of
And
now
the
Scots
,
who
had
been
quiet
a
while
,
begin
to
stir
again
:
therefore
king
Henry
sends
to
king
Iames
5.
his
Nephew
,
that
he
may
do
homage
for
Scotland
,
which
was
flatly
refused
;
then
king
Henry
demands
some
territories
due
to
him
on
the
Scots
borders
,
for
which
he
had
old
evidences
to
shew
,
these
are
rejected
by
the
Scots
commissioners
as
fained
:
then
king
Henry
desires
to
meet
and
confer
with
king
Iames
in
friendly
manner
upon
the
borders
of
either
kingdome
;
for
this
cause
king
Henry
goeth
to
York
,
where
he
understood
king
Iames
would
not
meet
him
but
by
his
Commissioners
,
whereupon
king
Henry
leaves
Commissioners
there
,
and
returns
home
.
But
during
this
Treaty
,
a
party
of
Scots
invade
the
Western
marches
,
spoiling
and
burning
all
before
them
;
complaint
is
made
,
and
satisfaction
promised
,
but
nothing
performed
,
neither
had
the
Scots
commissioners
sufficient
authority
from
their
king
to
conclude
any
thing
but
what
was
dishonorable
to
king
Henry
:
wherefore
he
is
forced
to
send
an
Army
of
twenty
thousand
into
Scotland
under
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
who
was
accompanied
with
divers
other
Earls
,
Lords
,
Knights
and
Gentlemen
,
who
march
into
Scotland
burning
and
spoiling
without
resistance
,
and
so
return
home
laden
with
spoiles
.
Upon
this
the
Scots
king
raiseth
fifteen
thousand
men
,
who
invade
the
west-marches
,
spoiling
the
English
ground
,
as
the
English
army
had
done
the
Scotish
before
:
but
Dacres
,
Musgrave
,
and
the
Lord
Wharton
,
with
open
forces
,
and
a
secret
ambush
defeated
the
Scots
,
being
in
mutiny
among
themselves
;
there
were
taken
prisoners
the
Earls
of
Cassels
and
Glencarn
,
the
Lords
Maxwel
,
Fleming
,
and
others
,
with
two
hundred
Gentlemen
and
eight
hundred
common
souldiers
,
with
24
peeces
of
ordnance
,
and
four
carts
laden
with
spears
;
four
and
twenty
of
the
chief
prisoners
are
sent
to
the
Tower
,
and
two
dayes
after
dispersed
and
committed
to
the
charge
of
divers
Lords
and
Gentlemen
.
This
overthrow
so
much
vexed
king
Iames
,
that
he
died
with
grief
a
few
weeks
after
,
leaving
behind
him
one
daughter
Queen
Mary
,
newly
born
.
Upon
his
death
,
a
motion
is
made
for
a
match
between
king
Henries
onely
son
,
and
this
king
Iames
his
onely
daughter
;
the
Scots
prisoners
promise
their
best
assistance
for
the
furtherance
thereof
,
for
which
cause
king
Henry
set
them
all
at
liberty
without
ransome
,
and
besides
bestowed
on
them
divers
rich
gifts
.
Mean
while
the
English
and
French
Merchants
spoile
each
other
at
sea
;
complaints
are
made
,
but
no
redresse
;
wherefore
king
Henry
transports
an
The
match
between
Prince
Edward
and
the
Infant-Queen
Mary
of
Scotland
,
is
concluded
in
their
Parliament
,
and
ratified
by
the
seals
and
oaths
of
the
Nobility
;
for
that
purpose
the
Queen
should
have
been
sent
into
England
.
But
shortly
after
,
the
French
king
by
cunning
plots
alienated
the
Scots
from
that
match
:
so
that
king
Henry
is
forced
to
make
unwonted
preparations
against
both
kingdoms
;
he
first
then
sends
a
mighty
Army
against
Scotland
by
sea
in
two
hundred
ships
under
Lisle
the
Admiral
,
and
by
land
under
the
Earl
of
Hartford
:
The
fleet
having
landed
all
the
men
,
they
seise
in
the
Firth
on
many
ships
;
then
they
besiege
Lieth
,
and
being
a
while
resisted
by
sixe
thousand
Scotish
horse
,
they
took
the
Town
and
plundred
it
:
thence
they
march
towards
Edinburgh
,
where
the
Provost
and
chief
Citizens
met
them
,
who
delivered
to
the
Earl
of
Hartford
the
City-keyes
,
conditionally
he
would
preserve
it
from
fire
,
and
suffer
the
souldiers
to
depart
with
their
baggage
out
of
the
town
:
Hartford
the
Generall
answers
them
,
That
their
Nobility
by
falsifying
their
oath
had
drawn
these
Armies
on
them
;
if
the
souldiers
and
inhabitants
would
come
disarmed
into
the
field
,
and
yeeld
their
lives
and
goods
to
him
,
he
would
do
as
he
thought
good
,
otherwayes
they
must
expect
all
extremity
;
the
Citizens
upon
this
return
discontented
,
with
a
resolution
to
resist
,
which
they
did
,
till
the
gates
and
walls
were
battered
;
the
English
enter
the
Town
,
a
part
whereof
they
burned
,
and
plundered
the
rest
:
mean
while
four
thousand
English
horse
more
are
sent
by
king
Henry
,
great
spoils
and
booties
are
carried
away
by
sea
into
England
;
Holy-roods
,
Leith
,
Haddington
,
with
divers
other
places
thereabout
are
defaced
.
Then
King
Henry
sends
two
strong
Armies
into
France
,
the
one
under
the
Duke
of
Norfolke
,
which
besieged
the
Town
Muttrel
,
but
after
much
losse
of
time
,
were
fain
in
the
end
to
leave
it
;
The
other
under
the
the
Duke
of
Suffolke
,
who
besieged
Bulloign
;
to
this
siége
King
Henry
himself
came
,
who
so
battered
the
walls
,
that
the
Town
was
fain
to
yeeld
,
conditionally
the
inhabitants
may
depart
with
bag
and
baggage
,
which
was
granted
;
there
came
out
sixty
seven
horse
,
one
thousand
five
hundred
sixty
three
foot
,
eight
hundred
Gunners
;
eighty
seven
hurt
men
,
besides
multitudes
of
others
,
the
whole
number
was
four
thousand
four
hundred
forty
four
souls
.
Whilst
King
Henry
is
thus
employed
in
France
,
Caesar
underhand
makes
a
peace
with
the
French
,
whereat
King
Henry
was
much
troubled
;
therefore
leaving
order
for
repairing
the
Town
and
Castle
,
he
dismisseth
his
Army
,
and
returns
into
England
,
where
because
of
his
daily
wars
he
demands
a
benevolence
of
all
his
subjects
,
which
was
granted
,
onely
Alderman
Read
refused
,
therefore
was
forced
to
serve
the
King
in
person
against
the
Scots
,
by
whom
he
was
taken
prisoner
,
and
at
last
ransomed
;
after
King
Henry
was
gone
,
the
Dolphin
in
a
dark
night
suddenly
surprised
Base-Bulloign
,
but
was
fain
to
quit
it
again
,
being
beat
out
by
those
of
the
upper
Town
:
shortly
after
Monsieur
de
Bees
came
with
fifteen
thousand
men
to
erect
a
Fort
before
the
Town
,
but
Hartford
,
Lis●…
and
Gray
put
them
to
flight
,
and
forced
them
to
leave
behinde
their
ordnance
,
tents
,
and
other
provisions
:
The
French
king
to
be
revenged
,
sends
in
a
fleet
of
two
hundred
ships
,
and
seven
and
twenty
gallies
,
with
sixty
George
Carew
,
and
above
four
hundred
men
in
her
,
were
all
suddenly
sunk
under
water
,
by
reason
the
ordnance
were
left
untrigged
,
and
the
under
port-holes
open
,
so
that
when
the
ship
turned
the
ordnance
ran
back
to
one
side
,
and
bare
the
port-holes
under
water
.
The
French
Admiral
hearing
of
King
Henries
preparation
,
hoised
anchors
,
and
returns
into
France
without
acting
any
thing
.
Whilst
the
King
is
absent
in
France
,
the
Scots
invade
England
,
making
havock
of
all
before
them
:
the
Earle
of
Hartford
with
twelve
thousand
men
,
in
requital
,
commits
the
like
outrages
upon
the
Scots
territories
;
Lisle
the
High-Admiral
lands
within
the
haven
of
Treport
,
the
Suburbs
of
which
he
burned
,
with
some
other
places
thereabouts
.
After
all
this
stir
,
at
last
a
peace
is
concluded
between
England
and
France
,
Bulloign
is
restored
for
eight
hundred
thousand
crowns
:
but
the
Duke
of
Norfolke
,
with
When
the
King
perceived
that
his
sickness
was
incurable
,
he
caused
the
Gray-friars
Church
of
London
to
be
opened
again
after
he
had
suppressed
it
;
and
to
be
made
a
Parish-Church
,
the
revenues
whereof
he
gave
to
the
City
towards
the
relief
of
their
poor
,
and
withall
gave
five
hundred
marks
yearly
of
lands
towards
the
maintenance
of
the
Divine-service
,
and
reparations
of
the
Church
:
he
ordained
his
children
to
succeed
each
other
,
if
issue
failed
;
he
ordained
a
thousand
marks
for
the
poor
,
and
twelve
pence
a
day
for
twelve
poor
Knights
at
Windsor
,
with
a
white-cloth
Gown
yearly
,
an
embroidered
Garter
,
with
S.
George
his
Grosse
,
and
a
mantle
of
red-cloth
to
be
worn
thereon
;
so
having
reigned
seven
and
thirty
years
and
nine
months
,
he
died
in
the
six
and
fiftieth
year
of
his
life
;
he
had
six
wives
,
1.
Queen
Katherine
king
Ferdinands
daughter
of
Spain
.
2.
Queen
Anne
the
daughter
of
Sir
Thomas
Bullen
Earle
of
Wiltshire
.
3.
Queen
Iane
Sir
Iohn
Seymours
daughter
.
4.
Queen
Anne
sister
to
the
Duke
of
Cleve
.
5.
Katherine
daughter
to
Edmund
,
and
neece
to
Thomas
Howard
his
brother
Duke
of
Norfolk
.
6.
Katherine
daughter
to
Sir
Thomas
Parre
of
Kendal
,
and
sister
to
William
Parre
Marquess
of
Northampton
;
by
his
first
wife
he
had
two
sons
that
died
young
,
and
Queen
Mary
;
by
his
second
Queen
Elizabeth
by
his
third
King
Edward
,
and
by
Elizabeth
Blunt
he
had
a
bastard
called
Henry
Fitz-roy
,
whom
he
made
Earle
of
Nottingham
,
Duke
of
Richmond
and
Sommerset
,
Lord
Warden
of
the
Marches
against
Scotland
,
and
Lieutenant-General
of
the
North
of
England
.
He
was
a
Prince
more
eminent
for
his
vices
,
then
vertues
,
for
he
was
counted
ambitious
in
affecting
the
title
of
Spiritual
supremacie
;
covetous
,
in
appropriating
the
revenews
of
religious
houses
to
his
own
uses
,
and
extraordinary
exactions
from
the
people
;
he
was
also
prodigal
,
in
wasting
so
great
a
treasure
as
was
left
him
so
quickly
and
needlessely
;
He
was
likewise
cruel
in
condemning
two
Cardinals
,
in
putting
to
death
two
Queens
,
twelve
Dukes
,
Marquesses
,
Earls
,
and
Earls
sons
,
18.
Barons
and
Knights
,
seventy
seven
Abbots
,
Priors
,
Monks
and
Priests
,
and
of
the
common
sort
huge
multitudes
;
his
lust
and
wantonness
,
his
wavering
in
Religion
,
his
revengeful
and
impotent
disposition
,
were
too
eminent
in
him
.
CHAP.
XXVIII
.
The
affairs
of
Scotland
under
King
James
the
3.
and
King
James
the
4.
from
the
year
1460.
till
the
year
1513.
KIng
Iames
the
2.
being
slain
in
the
camp
,
his
son
being
nine
years
old
succeeded
,
by
name
Iames
the
3.
There
was
much
contesting
between
Iohn
Kennedy
,
to
these
were
added
two
Bishops
,
of
Glasco
and
Dunkel
;
to
the
Queen
was
permitted
the
tuition
of
her
son
,
but
she
was
not
to
meddle
with
the
affairs
of
State
;
she
had
also
leave
to
educate
her
other
children
,
to
wit
,
the
Duke
of
Albain
,
and
the
Earle
of
Marr
,
with
the
two
young
Ladies
.
Things
at
home
being
thus
composed
,
the
English
Ambassadors
who
came
to
make
peace
,
had
audience
,
and
a
peace
for
fifteen
years
is
concluded
,
the
next
year
the
Kings
mother
died
;
Alexander
the
Kings
brother
returning
from
France
is
taken
by
the
English
,
but
released
again
upon
the
Scots
complaint
of
the
breach
of
peace
.
Scotland
continued
not
long
quiet
;
for
Donald
Lord
of
the
Isles
,
hearing
the
King
was
dead
,
caused
himself
to
be
proclaimed
king
of
the
Isles
,
threatning
death
to
all
that
should
acknowledge
any
other
King
there
:
being
invited
by
the
Captain
of
Innernesse-Castle
to
a
feast
,
he
seised
on
the
Castle
,
and
thrust
out
the
garrison
;
then
having
gathered
an
Army
of
malecontents
and
loose
persons
,
he
falls
upon
Athol
,
and
seiseth
on
the
Earl
and
his
wife
,
who
had
taken
sanctuary
in
S.
Brigets
Church
;
but
Donald
violates
the
Sanctuary
,
carries
away
the
Earle
,
his
wife
,
and
many
others
,
with
all
their
wealth
,
which
for
security
was
laid
up
there
,
and
then
sets
fire
on
the
Church
,
and
killed
divers
of
the
Priests
for
making
resistance
:
but
as
he
was
returning
home
by
water
with
his
sacrilegious
booty
,
a
sudden
storm
sunk
most
of
his
vessels
,
and
he
narrowly
escaped
with
his
life
,
and
after
that
time
till
his
death
continued
mad
;
thus
God
useth
to
reward
sacrilege
.
Many
of
his
followers
being
touched
in
conscience
,
went
bare-footed
,
and
in
white
sheets
to
S.
Brigets
Church
,
offering
gifts
for
their
attonement
.
At
Court
Robert
Boyd
a
potent
man
,
and
great
with
the
young
King
,
to
whose
counsels
he
too
much
hearkened
,
by
his
brother
Alexander
Boyd
adviseth
the
King
to
shake
off
his
governours
,
and
to
manage
the
kingdome
himself
:
Kennedy
a
grave
man
,
and
one
of
the
kings
governours
,
for
advising
the
king
the
contrary
,
and
for
offering
to
stop
him
from
hunting
at
an
unseasonable
time
,
is
abused
by
this
Alexander
,
who
with
his
bow
which
he
had
then
in
his
hand
broke
Kennedy's
head
,
this
caused
a
great
fewd
between
these
families
,
to
the
disturbance
of
the
whole
kingdome
:
shortly
A●…drews
:
Patrick
Grame
is
in
his
stead
elected
Bishop
by
the
Canons
,
who
repairs
to
Rome
,
for
confirmation
,
which
was
a
while
hindred
by
the
Archbishop
of
Yorke
,
claiming
a
power
over
the
Scots
Bishops
;
but
at
last
it
is
decreed
at
Rome
that
Grame
should
be
Primate
of
Scotland
,
and
the
Popes
Legat
also
for
three
years
,
that
the
Priests
might
be
reformed
,
and
Church-discipline
established
,
yet
Grame
durst
not
return
home
so
long
as
the
Boyds
continued
in
their
greatness
,
which
came
to
that
height
,
that
Robert
Boyd
the
elder
was
made
Viceroy
by
the
king
during
his
minority
,
his
son
also
Thomas
is
honoured
with
the
marriage
of
the
kings
eldest
sister
,
which
brought
much
envy
upon
Boyd
and
his
family
,
for
the
people
began
to
repine
at
his
greatness
,
and
to
ascribe
all
the
distempers
of
the
Kingdom
to
Boyds
misgovernment
,
these
coals
were
blown
by
the
Kennedies
.
Mean
while
Ambassadors
are
sent
to
Denmark
for
a
match
between
the
young
King
and
the
Danes
daughter
,
with
instructions
for
removing
the
old
controversie
between
the
two
Kings
about
the
Islands
of
Orkney
and
Shetland
,
the
chief
Ambassador
was
Andrew
Stewart
Chancellor
of
Scotland
,
who
sends
word
to
King
Iames
that
the
match
was
concluded
,
and
these
Islands
given
to
him
for
his
wifes
dowry
,
so
that
the
Dane
upon
this
parted
with
all
his
right
:
Thomas
the
son
of
Robert
Boyd
,
and
Earle
of
Arran
,
is
sent
with
a
great
train
of
Nobility
and
Gentry
to
bring
home
the
new
Queen
;
in
the
interim
the
Kennedies
begin
to
work
upon
the
kings
affections
,
and
to
draw
him
from
the
Boyds
,
against
whose
insolent
government
the
people
did
much
complain
;
the
time
was
fit
for
their
purpose
,
Thomas
being
absent
longer
then
was
expected
,
because
of
the
winter
which
makes
the
Northern
seas
unnavigable
,
and
the
two
elder
Boyds
by
reason
of
infirmities
,
were
not
able
to
frequent
the
Court
as
they
were
wont
;
for
this
end
a
Parliament
is
called
at
Edinburg
,
to
Boyds
Robert
and
Alexander
are
summoned
;
Robert
out
of
his
guilt
,
and
perceiving
the
kings
minde
was
alienated
,
and
that
his
enemies
were
grown
very
powerful
,
fled
into
England
;
his
brother
Alexander
not
being
able
to
flie
,
because
sickly
,
appears
;
it
was
there
objected
that
he
and
his
brother
had
by
their
own
private
motion
made
the
king
come
to
Edinburgh
from
Sterling
against
the
will
of
his
governours
;
he
replied
,
that
they
had
the
kings
pardon
under
the
broad
Seal
,
and
desired
also
the
Records
might
be
searched
,
which
was
denied
him
,
and
so
having
received
the
sentence
of
condemnation
for
abusing
the
young
kings
authority
,
is
beheaded
;
Robert
a
few
years
after
died
with
grief
at
Anwick
in
England
;
his
son
Thomas
though
now
employed
upon
publike
service
,
is
before
being
heard
proclaimed
traitor
,
and
his
estate
confiscated
.
The
next
Spring
the
young
Queen
arrives
with
the
Danish
fleet
.
Thomas
Boyd
understanding
by
his
wife
who
met
him
on
the
shore
,
the
calamity
that
had
befallen
his
family
,
the
alienation
of
the
Kings
minde
,
and
the
Iames
Hamilton
,
far
inferiour
in
birth
and
wealth
to
the
former
,
her
children
also
are
called
home
by
the
king
;
mean
while
he
dieth
with
grief
at
Antwerp
,
and
is
honourably
buried
there
by
Duke
Charles
of
Burgundy
:
so
that
family
of
the
Boyds
in
a
few
years
flourished
and
faded
;
and
they
that
overthrew
it
,
were
in
hopes
that
things
both
in
Court
and
Country
would
have
mended
,
but
it
fell
out
otherwayes
,
for
the
king
gave
himself
altogether
to
his
pleasures
,
and
his
Courtiers
to
rapine
and
oppression
;
among
other
abuses
there
crept
in
one
in
choosing
of
Bishops
,
whereas
hitherto
they
were
elected
by
the
Prebends
and
Canons
,
the
covetous
and
sacrilegious
Courtiers
never
left
,
till
they
got
the
king
to
assume
that
power
to
himself
,
perswading
him
that
by
these
means
his
power
would
be
so
much
the
greater
,
not
onely
in
punishing
of
vice
,
but
also
in
rewarding
of
vertue
and
learning
;
whereas
it
came
to
passe
that
now
Church-dignities
by
the
Courtiers
were
ordinarily
sold.
Grame
the
Archbishop
being
now
at
Rome
,
and
hearing
of
the
great
abuses
crept
into
the
Church
of
Scotland
,
resolves
to
come
home
,
and
sends
before
About
this
time
,
the
Lord
of
the
Isles
understanding
of
great
preparations
Rosse
,
Kintyr
,
and
Knapdale
are
taken
from
him
;
the
command
of
the
Isles
is
left
to
him
.
This
year
the
peace
is
renewed
again
with
England
,
which
was
like
to
break
out
into
an
open
war
;
because
the
English
had
seised
on
a
great
ship
which
was
built
by
Kennedy
,
being
driven
in
by
storms
:
King
Edward
gave
order
,
that
the
value
of
the
goods
taken
should
be
estimated
,
and
satisfaction
made
.
The
king
was
much
addicted
to
the
study
of
Astrologie
;
therefore
understanding
by
the
Scots
Merchants
in
Flanders
,
of
one
Andrew
a
Physitian
and
Mathematician
,
who
had
foretold
the
Duke
of
Burgundies
death
,
he
sends
for
him
,
and
prefers
him
in
his
Court
:
by
him
he
understood
of
his
own
danger
,
and
how
the
Lion
should
be
killed
by
his
own
Whelps
;
wherefore
he
became
very
tyranical
,
suspecting
every
man
that
was
neer
him
:
He
was
jealous
of
his
Lords
also
,
and
therefore
conferred
honours
on
mean
men
,
which
angered
the
Nobility
.
The
kings
younger
brother
Iohn
,
for
speaking
too
freely
against
the
corruptions
of
the
Court
,
is
imprisoned
,
condemned
,
and
by
the
opening
of
a
Vein
is
forced
to
bleed
to
death
;
It
was
given
out
that
he
had
consulted
with
Witches
against
the
King
,
and
that
it
might
appear
the
more
probable
,
twelve
Witches
are
condemned
and
burned
:
The
other
brother
Alexander
upon
suspition
also
is
imprisoned
in
Edinburgh
Castle
;
but
he
having
feasted
his
keepers
and
made
them
drunk
,
escaped
with
his
man
by
his
sheets
,
which
he
fastned
to
the
bars
of
the
Window
;
his
man
broke
his
leg
in
the
fall
,
so
that
his
master
was
fain
for
a
mile
to
carry
him
on
his
shoulders
,
so
having
a
bark
ready
,
and
a
fair
winde
,
they
set
faile
to
Dumbar
Castle
,
which
he
fortified
,
and
from
thence
to
France
.
Not
long
after
this
an
Ambassadour
comes
from
king
Edward
of
England
to
renew
the
peace
,
and
to
conclude
a
match
between
his
daughter
and
king
Iames
his
son
,
when
they
should
be
both
of
years
;
but
this
correspondency
held
not
long
,
for
the
borderers
made
divers
incursions
upon
each
other
;
Besides
,
Douglasse
an
old
exile
,
and
Alexander
the
kings
brother
,
lately
being
returned
from
France
into
England
,
blew
the
coals
of
sedition
:
King
Lewis
also
sends
into
Scotland
,
to
rouse
up
their
drooping
spirits
against
the
English
,
who
under
Glocester
were
preparing
an
Army
:
but
the
Scottish
Nobility
being
more
discontended
with
the
misgovernment
of
their
own
king
,
then
with
the
English
preparations
,
assemble
,
and
are
by
Archbald
Douglasse
Earl
of
Angus
animated
first
to
reform
the
abuses
of
the
Court
before
they
invade
England
;
For
he
lets
them
see
,
how
carelesse
the
king
was
in
his
Government
,
how
much
addicted
to
Magick
and
unlawfull
studies
;
how
the
chief
officers
at
Court
were
mean
men
,
how
the
Nobility
was
slighted
,
how
the
kings
own
brothers
were
used
,
the
one
being
murthered
,
and
the
other
banished
,
and
now
by
the
English
employed
in
the
head
of
an
Army
against
them
;
therefore
he
wisheth
them
to
consider
how
much
more
dangerous
a
domestick
enemy
was
then
a
forreign
,
and
what
condition
they
now
were
in
under
such
governours
,
whose
avarice
(
saith
he
)
is
neither
satisfied
with
our
wealth
,
nor
their
cruelty
with
our
blood
:
Upon
this
a
great
tumult
arose
in
the
Assembly
,
and
a
resolution
to
break
in
upon
the
king
and
his
guard
,
but
that
motion
was
disliked
,
for
fear
the
kings
person
might
be
endangered
,
who
hearing
of
an
assembly
of
Lords
in
the
Church
near
the
Court
,
sends
Cocheran
one
of
his
Court-officers
to
see
what
the
matter
was
;
as
he
was
comming
,
Douglasse
apprehends
him
by
his
gold-chain
which
hung
about
his
neck
,
and
delivered
him
to
be
secured
;
mean
while
Douglasse
with
some
officers
of
his
Army
breaks
into
the
kings
bed-chamber
,
and
there
presently
apprehends
all
such
servants
that
were
there
,
or
within
the
Court-walls
,
whom
the
souldiers
suffered
not
to
come
to
a
triall
,
but
presently
hanged
them
up
in
their
horse-bridles
for
want
of
ropes
.
Whilst
these
things
were
thus
acting
,
the
Duke
of
Glocester
enters
Scotland
with
his
Army
,
and
demands
restitution
of
the
portion-money
which
was
disbursed
by
the
king
of
England
upon
hopes
of
the
match
,
and
the
surrender
of
Barwick
Castle
;
It
was
answered
,
That
the
children
were
not
fit
for
marriage
,
nor
was
the
day
of
repayment
of
that
money
come
;
as
for
Barwick
,
the
English
should
have
it
,
if
they
could
take
it
.
Mean
while
,
Argile
,
with
the
Chancellor
and
two
Bishops
,
of
St.
Andrews
and
Dumblain
,
send
to
Alexander
then
in
the
English
Camp
to
return
home
,
and
to
enjoy
his
estate
,
which
in
the
next
Parliament
should
be
established
on
him
.
This
businesse
he
imparts
to
Glocester
,
who
kindly
dismisseth
him
,
who
being
returned
home
,
a
Parliament
is
called
,
in
which
he
is
made
governour
of
the
kingdome
;
and
because
the
State
of
Scotland
was
then
unsetled
,
it
was
held
dangerous
to
make
war
with
Alexander
,
out
of
his
affection
to
the
king
his
brother
,
sets
him
at
liberty
out
of
Edinburgh-Castle
,
and
restores
to
him
the
government
:
But
the
king
being
more
mindful
of
old
injuries
,
then
of
new
courtesies
,
intends
to
dispatch
his
brother
,
being
thereto
animated
by
his
enemies
,
who
accused
his
popularity
and
affectation
of
the
kingdome
:
therefore
by
the
advice
of
his
friends
he
flies
into
England
,
and
delivers
up
Dumbar
Castle
to
king
Edward
.
Whereupon
he
is
condemned
of
treason
,
for
sending
underhand
messengers
thither
,
for
going
thither
himself
without
leave
,
and
for
combining
with
the
king
of
England
against
his
native
Country
.
William
Crichton
also
his
chief
Counsellor
and
Abbettor
is
proscribed
,
and
his
estate
confiscated
:
after
this
,
Alexander
and
Douglasse
with
five
hundred
English
horse
fals
upon
a
party
of
Scots
,
who
defeated
them
,
and
took
Douglasse
prisoner
;
Alexander
escaped
again
.
Iohn
Ramsey
,
whom
he
made
steward
of
his
house
;
this
man
fearing
the
Nobility
,
which
was
beginning
to
raise
arms
,
causeth
a
Proclamation
to
be
made
,
that
none
neer
the
Court
should
bear
arms
,
except
Ramsey
and
his
followers
;
which
incensed
the
Lords
so
much
the
more
against
him
:
the
king
in
the
interim
studieth
by
all
means
to
suppresse
the
Lords
.
Therefore
one
day
he
openeth
his
minde
to
George
Earl
of
Angus
,
telling
him
that
he
meant
suddenly
to
seise
upon
,
and
cut
off
the
chief
Lords
and
heads
of
this
faction
:
the
Earl
disswades
him
from
this
,
as
being
dishonourable
,
to
cut
off
treacherously
so
many
great
personages
,
being
reconciled
to
the
king
,
and
having
the
publique-faith
;
but
his
better
way
were
to
arrest
them
openly
,
one
after
another
,
that
they
may
in
open
Court
plead
for
themselves
.
The
king
being
satisfied
with
this
advice
,
dismisseth
the
Earl
,
who
presently
acquaints
the
other
Lords
with
the
kings
intention
:
Upon
this
,
they
take
arms
;
the
king
finding
his
own
danger
,
takes
shipping
,
and
gets
over
to
Fife
side
,
where
he
raiseth
an
army
out
of
the
Northern
parts
:
The
Lords
seise
upon
the
young
Prince
,
whom
they
make
the
head
of
their
army
:
the
king
,
in
the
interim
,
sends
to
the
French
and
English
kings
for
aide
against
his
rebellious
Lords
,
shewing
the
like
danger
may
befal
themselves
;
He
sends
also
to
Pope
Eugenius
the
eighth
,
that
he
by
his
Apostolical
authority
would
command
them
to
obey
their
king
;
but
the
Lords
who
knew
of
all
these
messages
,
hasten
to
fight
the
king
before
either
forreign
aide
or
Ambassadours
should
come
;
the
King
contained
himself
in
Edinburgh-Castle
,
till
his
Northern
forces
were
come
;
but
upon
the
perswasions
of
some
,
he
was
content
to
remove
thence
to
Sterling
Castle
hoping
there
to
be
more
secure
and
nearer
his
forces
;
but
when
he
came
thither
,
the
governour
being
made
by
the
adverse
faction
,
denied
the
King
entrance
,
wherefore
not
knowing
whither
to
flie
,
and
being
followed
close
by
the
enemy
,
he
was
forced
to
fight
with
such
forces
as
he
then
had
,
which
being
defeated
,
and
the
king
having
his
horse
slain
under
him
,
fled
into
a
water-mill
near
Sterling
,
hoping
from
thence
to
escape
by
some
ships
that
lay
near
the
place
,
but
he
was
pursued
so
eagerly
,
that
he
and
such
as
fled
with
To
Iames
the
3.
succeeded
his
son
Iames
the
4.
being
fifteen
years
old
;
a
Parliament
is
called
,
at
which
few
were
present
except
those
that
had
a
hand
in
the
kings
death
;
the
best
of
the
kings
ships
held
out
against
the
new
king
,
Edinburgh-Castle
is
summoned
to
surrender
to
the
young
king
which
it
did
,
and
so
likewise
did
Sterling-Castle
;
many
grumbled
at
the
kings
death
,
complaining
that
things
were
not
thereby
bettered
,
but
worsted
,
for
the
young
king
did
not
command
,
but
was
commanded
by
those
who
had
a
hand
in
his
fathers
death
:
mean
while
the
English
took
occasion
by
these
intestine
broiles
of
Scotland
to
invade
the
kingdome
;
the
young
king
labours
to
reconcile
the
Sea-men
,
lest
they
might
cause
troubles
in
his
absence
,
therefore
he
wins
with
fair
promises
Andrew
Wood
an
expert
Sea-captain
,
who
had
the
command
of
two
men
of
Warre
,
with
which
he
surpriseth
five
English
ships
before
Dumbar
and
brings
them
all
to
Lieth
;
mean
while
the
adverse
faction
cries
out
,
that
the
kingdome
was
abused
by
a
company
of
traitors
,
who
had
murthered
one
king
,
and
kept
the
other
as
a
prisoner
;
withall
Alexander
Lord
Forbes
,
chief
of
that
family
,
carried
about
the
streets
of
Aberdene
,
and
some
other
chief
Towns
,
the
kings
bloody
shirt
,
exhorting
all
good
people
to
take
Arms
,
and
to
revenge
the
kings
death
;
Matthew
Stewart
also
Earl
of
Lenox
endeavoured
to
raise
what
forces
he
could
in
the
Southern
parts
:
in
the
interim
the
English
were
mad
that
five
of
their
best
ships
should
be
thus
surprised
by
two
Scotsmen
of
war
,
therefore
they
furnish
Steven
Bull
with
a
fleet
,
promising
a
great
reward
if
he
could
bring
Andrew
Wood
dead
or
alive
;
Bull
watcheth
his
opportunity
,
and
sets
upon
Woods
fleet
furiously
,
they
fought
so
long
till
the
night
parted
them
;
the
next
morning
they
fell
to
it
again
with
such
eagerness
,
that
they
perceived
not
the
tide
fail
them
,
wherefore
the
English
ships
being
of
a
About
this
time
a
strange
monster
was
born
in
Scotland
,
which
beneath
the
navel
was
one
body
,
but
above
two
distinct
bodies
,
having
different
senses
,
souls
and
wills
;
any
hurt
beneath
the
navel
is
equally
felt
by
both
bodies
above
,
but
if
any
of
the
upper
members
were
hurt
,
one
of
the
bodies
onely
felt
the
pain
:
this
monster
the
king
caused
to
be
instructed
in
Musick
and
divers
languages
;
one
of
the
bodies
died
some
dayes
before
the
other
,
which
also
shortly
after
pined
and
consumed
away
,
it
lived
eight
and
twenty
years
.
A
Parliament
is
held
in
Edinburgh
,
there
all
differences
are
composed
,
an
Act
of
oblivion
passed
,
and
friendship
between
the
great
families
confirmed
by
mutual
marriages
,
so
that
after
great
storms
follow
halcionian
dayes
:
and
that
the
King
may
testifie
to
the
world
,
how
his
father
was
killed
without
his
consent
and
knowledge
,
he
wore
an
iron
chain
instead
of
a
girdle
so
long
as
he
lived
,
to
which
every
year
he
added
a
linke
or
ring
.
About
this
time
Warbeck
the
counterfeit
Duke
of
York
comes
into
Scotland
,
insinuates
himself
into
the
Kings
favour
,
obtains
in
marriage
the
Earle
of
Huntly's
daughter
,
and
an
Army
against
England
,
by
which
all
Northumberland
is
wasted
and
spoiled
,
and
great
booties
are
carried
into
Scotland
;
this
wrong
king
Henry
meant
to
repay
,
but
that
he
was
retarded
by
the
Cornish
rebellion
;
after
this
the
Scots
invade
England
again
,
but
are
hindered
from
doing
any
great
hurt
by
Fox
the
Bishop
of
Durham
,
and
the
E.
of
Surrey
who
enter
Scotland
,
&
having
burned
some
places
,
return
home
;
In
the
interim
an
Ambassador
comes
into
England
from
Ferdinand
and
Isabella
of
Spain
about
the
marriage
of
Katherine
with
Prince
Arthur
;
the
same
also
is
sent
into
Scotland
to
negotiate
for
a
peace
with
England
;
the
Ambassador
with
Bishop
Fox
,
could
not
draw
the
Scots
Commissioners
to
deliver
Warbeck
being
gone
,
a
peace
is
concluded
,
which
was
like
to
break
off
again
,
upon
a
quarrel
between
some
of
the
borderers
;
but
upon
complaint
made
by
the
Scots
,
satisfaction
is
promised
by
king
Henry
.
The
Bishop
of
Durham
is
sent
into
Scotland
,
who
there
adviseth
with
king
Iames
about
his
marriage
with
king
Henry's
daughter
,
which
three
yeares
after
was
consummated
,
Mean
while
a
war
was
breaking
out
between
France
and
England
:
For
,
Pope
Iulius
,
Ferdinand
of
Spain
,
Maximilian
the
Emperor
,
the
Venetians
and
Switzers
,
with
the
English
,
were
entring
into
a
league
against
France
,
the
affairs
of
which
had
lately
succeeded
well
in
Italy
.
King
Iames
was
not
willing
to
side
with
either
party
,
yet
was
earnestly
importuned
by
the
French
faction
,
who
to
pick
a
quarrel
with
king
Henry
,
sends
the
Bishop
of
Murrey
to
demand
a
great
sum
of
money
due
to
his
Queen
by
legacie
from
Prince
Arthur
.
King
Henry
knowing
this
message
was
a
preparative
for
a
breach
,
returns
this
answer
,
That
not
only
this
debt
,
but
whatsoever
else
is
due
to
king
Iames
,
shall
be
truly
satisfied
:
upon
this
he
resolves
not
to
invade
England
,
yet
to
help
France
,
therefore
sends
his
fleet
thither
which
he
had
lately
built
,
of
which
Iames
Hamilton
Earl
of
Arran
is
made
Admiral
;
but
he
in
stead
of
going
into
France
,
goeth
into
Ireland
,
and
takes
Knockfergus
,
which
he
burned
,
and
so
returns
home
.
In
the
mean
time
letters
from
France
come
to
the
king
,
complaining
he
was
not
so
good
as
his
word
,
and
that
the
promised
ships
were
not
come
;
whereat
the
king
was
so
displeased
,
that
he
sends
Archibald
Douglasse
Earle
of
Angus
to
take
Hamiltons
Commission
from
him
,
and
to
succeed
in
the
Admiralty
;
but
he
understanding
the
Kings
mind
beforehand
,
hoised
anchor
and
was
gone
to
sea
,
where
his
fleet
by
storms
is
torn
and
shattered
,
and
the
great
ship
is
made
unserviceable
and
left
in
Britany
.
Besides
some
private
quarrels
fell
out
among
the
borderers
,
about
killing
of
Sir
Robert
Car
king
Iames
his
favourite
,
by
three
English-men
,
and
the
taking
of
some
Scots
ships
by
the
English
,
without
making
satisfaction
,
occasioned
a
breach
between
the
two
kingdoms
:
The
English
borderers
began
to
drive
booties
out
of
the
Scots
ground
,
where
Alexander
Hume
Governour
of
the
three
Scotish
Marches
,
with
three
thousand
horse
enters
England
,
and
plunders
the
seven
next
villages
before
any
help
could
come
;
the
booty
was
carried
safe
into
Scotland
,
but
Alexander
with
some
part
of
his
forces
staid
behind
,
and
were
set
upon
by
three
hundred
English
which
lay
in
ambush
,
divers
of
the
Scots
were
killed
,
and
two
hundred
taken
prisoners
.
In
the
mean
time
the
King
calls
a
Parliament
,
to
advise
about
making
war
against
England
;
the
wiser
part
were
against
it
,
but
the
French
Ambassador
and
his
faction
mainly
for
it
;
the
King
inclines
to
the
French
party
,
and
so
open
war
is
proclaimed
both
by
sea
and
land
against
England
;
a
Herald
is
sent
to
King
Henry
then
before
Tournay
,
to
denounce
war
against
him
,
for
the
wrongs
done
by
the
English
without
satisfaction
,
as
also
for
molesting
Lewis
the
French
king
his
ancient
friend
,
and
Charles
Duke
of
Gelders
his
kinsman
.
King
Henry
returns
answer
,
That
he
heard
no
more
then
what
he
expected
from
a
King
who
kept
covenant
neither
with
God
nor
man
;
His
threatenings
should
not
make
him
give
off
his
enterprise
,
nor
should
he
care
to
lose
his
friendship
,
who
was
so
inconstant
in
his
affections
.
Mean
while
,
whilst
the
King
was
at
Divine
service
in
his
Chappel
,
an
ancient
man
of
a
venerable
aspect
,
with
long
haire
,
a
long
garment
,
and
a
linnengirdle
,
came
bare-headed
to
the
king
,
and
leaning
on
his
chair
told
him
,
That
if
he
proceeded
in
that
war
,
he
and
his
Army
should
repent
it
;
and
with
that
vanished
away
,
nor
could
he
ever
after
be
found
,
though
diligent
search
was
made
for
him
.
But
the
King
notwithstanding
marcheth
on
with
his
Army
,
and
entring
England
takes
divers
Castles
and
overthrowes
them
,
Northumberland
is
pillaged
;
he
was
advised
to
besiege
Barwick
,
which
then
might
have
been
easily
taken
,
but
he
slighted
that
opportunity
.
In
the
interim
Heralds
come
from
the
English
,
to
know
of
King
Iames
what
day
and
place
he
would
appoint
for
a
battel
:
the
King
was
advised
by
his
friends
to
return
home
with
his
Army
,
rather
then
to
venture
himself
with
so
few
(
for
many
of
his
forces
had
forsaken
him
)
against
so
numerous
an
Army
of
English
,
which
was
increased
by
six
thousand
old
souldiers
sent
thither
out
of
France
;
and
if
he
will
fight
,
he
were
best
fight
upon
his
own
ground
,
where
he
will
find
more
provision
and
advantages
then
in
the
enemies
country
.
When
the
day
appointed
for
the
fight
came
,
the
English
appeared
not
;
wherefore
the
King
is
desired
again
to
retreat
home
,
for
the
enemies
policie
was
by
delayes
to
increase
their
own
Army
,
whilst
the
Scots
did
daily
diminish
;
and
that
it
was
no
more
shame
for
him
to
retreat
,
then
for
the
English
to
fail
of
the
day
appointed
:
but
the
King
was
so
obstinately
bent
on
a
battel
,
that
he
told
his
Lords
,
if
there
were
an
hundred
thousand
English
,
he
would
fight
them
.
This
rash
answer
did
much
displease
the
Lords
,
chiefly
Douglasse
Earl
of
Angus
,
who
told
him
that
he
had
done
sufficiently
for
the
French
king
,
to
divert
a
great
part
of
the
English
Army
from
France
hither
;
and
that
it
was
unreasonable
,
why
to
please
the
French
Ambassador
,
he
should
expose
himself
and
his
handfull
of
men
to
six
and
twenty
thousand
expert
English
souldiers
:
The
king
bid
the
old
Earl
go
home
,
if
he
was
afraid
;
who
answered
,
That
his
former
actions
in
defence
of
his
Country
shew
how
little
afraid
he
was
,
but
now
being
aged
and
weak
he
was
content
to
take
his
ease
,
yet
was
willing
to
leave
his
two
sons
behind
as
pledges
of
the
love
he
bore
his
Country
;
and
so
departed
.
The
Scots
now
are
resolved
to
fight
,
and
by
reason
of
their
paucity
take
the
advantage
of
the
ground
;
which
the
English
perceiving
,
to
draw
them
upon
even
ground
,
make
shew
as
if
they
were
resolved
by
the
way
of
Barwick
to
enter
Scotland
,
which
the
Scots
fearing
left
their
advantage
,
and
so
the
Armies
encounter
:
Alexander
Gordon
who
commanded
the
Scots
right-wing
,
defeated
the
English
left-wing
;
but
the
Scots
other
wing
,
in
which
were
Lenox
and
Argile
,
was
utterly
routed
by
the
English
;
the
body
of
the
Scots
Army
where
the
king
was
,
fought
stoutly
,
till
night
parted
both
Armies
;
great
slaughter
on
both
sides
;
of
the
Scots
were
lost
above
five
thousand
,
of
the
English
about
the
same
number
,
but
these
were
of
the
meaner
sort
,
the
most
of
the
Scots
that
were
slain
were
Gentlemen
,
this
battel
was
fought
neer
the
hill
Fluddon
:
what
became
of
king
Iames
is
uncertain
;
some
think
he
was
Protector
of
the
Faith.
CHAP.
XXIX
.
The
Scotish
History
,
under
King
James
the
fifth
,
and
his
young
Daughter
Queen
Mary
,
from
the
year
1513.
till
1544.
KIng
Iames
the
fourth
left
his
Queen
Margaret
,
and
two
sons
behind
him
;
the
elder
was
two
years
old
,
whom
the
Parliament
at
Sterling
declares
King
;
Hume
is
made
governour
of
all
that
part
of
the
kingdome
on
this
side
Forth
,
Gordon
Earl
of
Huntley
of
all
beyond
.
The
Queen
is
Regent
,
for
so
King
Iames
had
ordered
it
in
his
last
Will
,
which
he
had
made
before
he
went
to
battell
;
This
dignity
she
was
to
enjoy
so
long
as
she
continued
unmarried
,
which
was
not
long
,
for
within
few
moneths
she
married
with
Archibald
Douglasse
Earl
of
Angus
,
a
Youth
endowed
with
all
the
parts
of
fortune
and
nature
.
A
great
part
of
the
Nobility
being
slain
,
the
Clergy
began
to
rule
in
Parliament
.
Stewart
Archbishop
of
St.
Andrews
being
killed
at
Fludon
,
three
fell
in
competition
for
that
place
,
one
named
Douglasse
,
who
was
chosen
by
the
Queen
,
being
of
her
husbands
family
;
the
other
was
Hepburn
Abbot
of
St.
Andrews
,
whom
the
Monks
(
as
they
were
wont
)
elected
for
Archbishop
;
the
third
was
Forman
Bishop
of
Murry
,
on
whom
also
Lewis
the
eleventh
of
France
bestowed
the
Archbishoprick
of
Biturix
;
besides
,
the
Pope
conferred
on
him
the
Archbishoprick
of
St.
Andrews
,
with
the
two
rich
Abbies
of
Dumfermling
and
Aberbroth
,
and
made
him
also
Legatus
à
latere
.
Alexander
Hume
upon
promise
of
the
Abby
of
Coldingam
to
his
youngest
brother
,
causeth
the
Popes
Bull
for
electing
of
Forman
to
be
proclaimed
in
Edinburgh
,
which
occasioned
much
mischief
,
for
Hepburn
sought
by
all
means
to
be
revenged
on
the
Humes
for
this
.
The
Queen
perceiving
the
distractions
of
Scotland
,
wrote
to
her
brother
of
England
,
to
forbear
making
war
against
her
and
her
children
,
who
were
sufficiently
troubled
already
with
domestick
broils
;
who
returns
this
answer
,
That
he
will
not
quarrel
with
the
Scots
,
if
they
quarrel
not
with
him
.
And
now
the
Queen
by
her
marriage
having
lost
the
Regency
,
the
kingdome
is
divided
into
two
factions
:
the
Douglasses
would
have
the
Queen
continued
,
pretending
that
would
be
a
means
to
keep
peace
with
England
;
but
the
Humes
would
have
another
elected
,
because
the
times
were
troublesome
;
The
Queen
had
lost
her
Regency
,
and
it
was
not
the
custome
of
Scotland
to
be
ruled
by
women
;
at
last
after
much
debate
,
Iohn
Duke
of
Albany
being
then
in
France
,
is
chosen
by
most
suffrages
,
he
was
the
son
of
Alexander
brother
to
king
Iames
3.
Francis
the
French
king
was
glad
of
this
election
,
for
he
knew
it
would
be
for
his
advantage
;
therefore
he
furnisheth
him
with
men
and
money
for
his
journey
:
In
the
interim
,
for
want
of
one
head
,
the
kingdome
is
much
vexed
with
high-way
men
.
Forman
fearing
lest
Hepburn
would
crosse
him
in
his
title
to
the
Archbishoprick
,
remits
all
the
profit
he
made
of
it
,
during
the
vacancy
;
besides
,
he
resignes
to
him
the
Bishoprick
of
Murry
,
and
promiseth
to
allow
him
a
large
yearly
pension
out
of
the
Church-revenues
.
The
Duke
of
Albany
upon
his
arrival
into
Scotland
,
is
declared
Earl
of
March
and
Vice-roy
during
the
kings
minority
:
King
Iames
4.
his
bastard
son
is
made
Murry
:
Hepburn
insinuates
himself
into
the
Viceroys
affections
,
and
discovers
to
him
the
humors
,
greatnesse
,
and
factions
of
the
Scots
Nobility
;
he
acquaints
him
being
a
stranger
in
Scotland
,
with
the
qualities
of
each
family
,
chiefly
of
the
Douglasses
and
Humes
,
which
he
hated
;
therefore
wisheth
the
Viceroy
to
send
for
French
forces
,
to
suppresse
in
time
the
growing
factions
of
these
great
families
.
Hume
perceiving
which
way
the
game
was
like
to
go
,
and
that
Hepburn
had
accused
him
to
the
Viceroy
,
as
if
he
had
murthered
king
Iames
;
repairs
to
the
Queen
,
and
makes
her
believe
that
the
Viceroy
intended
to
murther
the
young
king
,
that
he
being
next
in
blood
might
transfer
the
Crown
to
himself
:
therefore
how
dangerous
and
unreasonable
it
was
,
that
a
stranger
,
and
the
son
of
him
who
would
have
murthered
his
brother
the
king
,
and
hath
therefore
lived
still
since
in
exile
,
should
have
the
custody
of
the
young
King
;
he
wisheth
her
therefore
to
flie
into
England
with
her
son
,
and
cast
her self
upon
her
brothers
protection
.
This
comming
to
the
Regents
ears
,
he
presently
seiseth
on
Sterling
Castle
,
where
the
Queen
was
,
and
removes
her
with
the
Douglasses
from
the
king
,
whose
tuition
he
committed
to
three
of
the
Nobility
,
whom
he
most
trusted
,
with
a
sufficient
guard
.
The
Humes
upon
this
flie
into
England
,
and
so
doth
the
Queen
shortly
after
with
her
husband
Douglasse
;
whom
king
Henry
ordered
to
stay
in
Northumberland
,
till
his
further
pleasure
was
known
.
The
Regent
troubled
at
their
departure
,
sends
Ambassadours
to
king
Henry
,
to
assure
him
,
that
neither
the
Queen
nor
her
followers
had
reason
to
leave
their
country
,
but
their
causelesse
jealousies
;
he
also
deals
so
with
the
Douglasses
and
Humes
with
large
promises
,
that
he
perswaded
them
to
return
home
:
the
Queen
was
fain
to
stay
,
because
of
her
great
belly
;
for
shortly
after
,
she
was
delivered
of
a
daughter
Margaret
:
When
she
was
fit
to
travel
,
king
Henry
sends
for
her
.
The
Regent
banisheth
the
Earl
of
Angus
his
Uncle
,
with
some
other
prime
Alexander
Hume
to
appear
in
Parliament
,
which
he
refusing
to
doe
,
is
condemned
,
and
his
estate
confiscated
:
Upon
this
,
he
suffers
or
countenances
the
highway-men
to
doe
much
mischief
;
for
suppressing
of
whom
,
and
taking
of
Hume
,
ten
thousand
horse
and
foot
are
raised
;
but
before
they
come
,
he
submits
himself
to
the
Regent
,
who
sends
him
to
Edinburgh
,
and
confines
him
to
the
Earl
of
Arrans
house
his
sisters
husband
;
Hume
perswades
Arran
to
undertake
the
government
himself
,
being
the
sisters
son
of
king
Iames
3.
and
fitter
to
be
Regent
then
a
stranger
,
and
a
banished
man
:
Upon
this
,
they
go
away
;
the
Regent
presently
takes
Hamilton
Castle
upon
surrender
;
Hume
destroys
with
fire
and
sword
a
great
part
of
the
town
of
Dunbar
:
To
these
,
the
next
spring
,
was
added
Iohn
Stewart
Earl
of
Lennox
;
these
seise
upon
Glascow
Castle
,
which
upon
the
comming
of
the
Regent
they
forsook
,
and
afterward
all
of
them
are
pardoned
and
received
into
the
Regents
favour
,
but
not
long
after
,
upon
new
suspitions
,
are
condemned
and
beheaded
;
they
were
accused
of
the
kings
death
,
and
of
treachery
in
Floden
battel
;
but
Hepburn
the
Abbot
was
their
cheif
persecutor
,
ever
since
they
crossed
him
in
the
Bishoprick
of
St.
Andrews
.
Alexander
had
three
other
brothers
,
two
of
whom
were
banished
,
and
the
third
was
murthred
by
Iames
Hepburn
.
The
December
following
,
the
Regent
brings
the
king
from
Sterling
to
Edinburgh
,
where
having
obtained
leave
of
the
Nobility
,
he
takes
shipping
for
France
:
The
charge
of
the
government
lyeth
upon
the
Earls
of
Huntley
,
Angus
,
Arran
,
and
Argile
,
with
the
two
Arch-bishops
of
St.
Andrews
and
Glascow
.
The
Queen
about
a
year
after
her
departure
,
returns
into
Scotland
,
where
David
Hume
,
whereupon
the
Vice-roy
is
sent
for
:
quarrels
also
arise
between
the
Earl
of
Angus
and
the
Kars
.
A
Parliament
is
called
at
Edinburgh
,
where
complaint
is
made
against
the
greatnesse
of
Angus
,
who
falling
foule
with
the
Hamiltons
in
the
streets
of
Edinburgh
,
a
great
slaughter
was
made
,
so
that
William
Humes
,
which
had
been
set
up
all
this
while
on
an
eminent
place
of
the
City
.
So
the
whole
five
years
of
the
Regents
absence
,
was
filled
with
slaughter
and
rapine
:
When
he
was
come
,
he
intended
to
weaken
the
power
of
the
Douglasses
;
therefore
banisheth
the
Earl
of
Angus
into
France
,
his
Uncle
the
The
next
year
after
the
Regents
return
,
a
Parliament
is
held
at
Edinburgh
,
and
an
Army
raised
,
which
is
sent
into
Annandel
,
with
an
intent
to
invade
England
:
When
they
were
come
within
three
miles
of
England
,
Gordon
Earl
of
Huntley
disswaded
the
Nobility
from
entring
,
pretending
it
was
unsafe
to
provoke
a
forreign
enemy
,
when
they
had
so
many
enemies
at
home
;
but
this
was
indeed
to
crosse
the
Regents
design
,
who
to
please
the
French
,
intended
to
invade
England
.
The
Regent
to
save
his
credit
,
had
a
party
with
Musgrave
and
some
other
English
,
in
which
a
Truce
was
agreed
on
:
The
Regent
shortly
after
goeth
over
into
France
,
where
he
stayed
some
moneths
longer
then
he
expected
,
because
the
English
fleet
lay
in
wait
for
him
:
Therefore
he
sends
five
hundred
French
souldiers
before
with
a
fleet
,
which
falling
upon
the
English
neer
the
Isle
of
Man
beat
them
.
In
the
interim
,
Howard
Earl
of
Surry
is
sent
with
an
Army
of
ten
thousand
mercinaries
,
besides
others
,
into
Scotland
,
where
having
no
ressistance
by
reason
of
the
Regents
absence
,
and
the
domestick
distractions
,
they
waste
Marcia
and
Teviot
;
upon
his
return
,
the
Scots
borderers
plunder
Northumberland
,
so
that
Howard
is
forced
to
come
back
again
;
who
with
much
losse
to
his
own
party
,
took
Iadburg
.
About
which
time
,
five
hundred
English
horse
being
suddenly
affrighted
in
the
dark
,
broke
their
halters
,
and
run
away
as
if
mad
,
at
last
they
became
a
prey
to
the
Scots
;
three
dayes
after
the
English
Army
disbanded
.
The
Regent
perceiving
that
the
English
fleet
lay
still
in
wait
for
him
,
gave
out
that
he
would
not
remove
from
France
till
the
next
spring
:
Whereupon
the
English
fleet
returned
home
;
but
as
soon
as
they
were
gone
,
the
Regent
claps
three
thousand
French
foot
besides
one
hundred
courisiers
in
fifty
ships
,
and
arrives
safely
in
Scotland
.
King
Henry
of
England
at
this
time
did
much
court
the
Scots
for
an
Union
,
alledging
divers
reasons
why
their
union
with
England
would
be
more
advantagious
then
with
France
,
in
respect
of
vicinity
,
identity
of
language
,
soile
,
aire
,
conditions
,
countenances
and
habit
of
bodies
:
shewing
also
that
the
marriage
of
his
daughter
Mary
with
king
Iames
,
would
make
a
perfect
Union
,
and
much
increase
the
happinesse
of
Scotland
.
Notwithstanding
all
this
,
the
French
faction
being
bribed
,
carried
it
against
king
Henry
;
for
they
alledged
that
this
was
not
the
first
time
the
English
deluded
them
under
shews
of
friendship
and
union
:
Edward
the
first
,
against
his
oath
,
by
which
he
was
bound
to
end
the
controversie
between
the
two
kings
,
Bruce
and
Balliol
,
he
increased
it
,
by
making
Balliol
king
;
Edward
the
fourth
also
pretended
to
marry
his
daughter
Cicil
to
king
Iames
the
third's
son
,
but
when
it
came
to
the
upshot
,
upon
some
divisions
in
Scotland
,
he
fell
off
;
therefore
king
Henryes
aime
was
not
to
inrich
,
but
to
impoverish
and
enslave
Scotland
,
being
destitute
of
all
forreign
aide
:
they
deny
also
that
greater
benefit
can
accrue
to
Scotland
by
their
union
with
England
,
or
more
security
,
then
with
France
:
Therefore
they
advise
them
not
to
exchange
without
a
cause
,
their
old
trusty
friends
,
for
new
and
slipery
pretenders
.
The
news
also
of
the
Regents
being
landed
with
forreign
forces
,
confirmed
the
French
,
and
cooled
the
English
faction
.
The
Regent
having
made
his
Rendezvous
at
Glasco
,
and
from
thence
being
come
to
Edinburgh
,
he
assembleth
the
Lords
,
highly
commending
their
constancie
to
the
French
,
and
the
old
league
,
and
exhorting
them
to
unity
:
then
having
refreshed
his
Army
,
and
united
the
Scots
forces
with
the
French
,
he
marcheth
into
England
with
the
French
,
but
the
Scots
would
not
follow
,
knowing
this
expedition
was
onely
to
gratifie
the
French
king
;
the
Regent
with
his
French
besieged
Werk-Castle
,
and
battered
down
the
outward
wall
with
their
ordnance
,
but
they
were
beaten
off
again
;
the
Regent
seeing
no
good
could
be
done
by
the
French
,
and
that
the
Scots
would
not
fight
,
hearing
also
of
an
Army
of
forty
thousand
English
comming
against
him
,
returning
home
,
the
snow
having
done
much
hurt
both
to
his
men
and
horse
,
which
made
the
English
also
return
without
action
:
the
next
Spring
the
Viceroy
prepares
again
for
France
,
desiring
the
Lords
to
keep
the
King
at
Sterling
,
and
to
make
a
peace
with
England
before
his
return
;
but
in
his
absence
all
growing
out
of
order
,
the
young
king
by
divers
of
the
Lords
is
conveyed
to
Edinburgh
,
where
at
Holy-Roods
he
undertook
the
government
himself
,
and
all
took
the
oath
of
allegiance
to
him
,
most
officers
of
State
were
changed
for
a
while
,
he
rode
in
state
to
the
Parliament
;
shortly
after
the
Bishops
of
S.
Andrews
and
Aberdene
for
disliking
this
change
are
imprisoned
,
who
to
be
revenged
,
curse
all
within
their
jurisdiction
with
bell
,
book
and
candle
,
but
all
are
reconciled
again
within
a
moneth
;
Archibald
Douglasse
who
was
banished
into
France
,
returns
home
through
England
,
and
is
kindly
used
by
king
Henry
,
purposely
to
crosse
the
Regent
;
Lenox
and
Argile
who
were
out
of
publike
employment
,
are
glad
of
his
comming
;
but
the
Queen
whose
affections
were
alienated
from
him
,
and
Arran
,
which
two
ruled
all
,
were
much
troubled
at
it
,
so
was
also
Hamilton
who
feared
his
greatness
,
these
with
the
King
kept
themselves
in
Edinburgh-Castle
;
but
the
adverse
faction
of
Lords
chose
Douglasse
,
Lenox
and
Argile
,
protectors
of
the
King
and
kingdome
,
these
presently
seise
upon
Sterling
,
and
thence
without
opposition
enter
Edinburgh
,
the
Castle
being
unprovided
then
for
a
siege
is
yeelded
up
to
them
,
out
of
which
all
are
dismissed
except
the
king
;
these
Triumviri
were
to
rule
four
months
by
turn
,
but
this
government
lasted
not
long
,
for
under
the
Douglasses
such
corruptions
and
disorders
crept
both
into
the
Church
and
State
,
that
the
other
two
fell
off
,
and
the
king
grew
weary
.
Whilst
Douglasse
waited
on
the
king
into
Teviot
,
there
to
suppresse
the
Bandito's
or
high-way
men
,
who
having
summoned
the
chief
of
each
family
injoyned
them
to
find
out
and
apprehend
these
robbers
,
which
they
did
accordingly
,
and
many
of
them
were
put
to
death
:
I
say
,
at
this
time
a
plot
was
laid
by
Lenox
and
the
other
Stewarts
to
get
away
the
king
from
the
Douglasses
,
which
because
they
could
not
effect
by
secret
plots
,
they
resolved
by
open
hostility
to
get
him
away
,
therefore
on
a
sudden
news
are
brought
that
the
Stewarts
were
in
Arms
,
the
Douglasses
with
their
friends
in
a
great
tumult
flie
also
to
their
Arms
,
a
hot
skirmish
followed
in
which
the
Stewarts
were
worsted
,
George
Douglasse
suspecting
he
did
this
purposely
to
retard
them
from
joyning
with
Hamilton
,
told
him
,
Sir
,
rather
then
the
enemy
shall
take
you
from
us
,
we
will
cut
you
in
two
peeces
,
and
reserve
the
one
half
for
our selves
:
this
speech
made
so
deep
an
impression
on
the
young
king
,
that
he
could
never
after
be
reconciled
to
him
,
though
he
was
to
others
.
The
work
being
done
before
the
Douglassians
came
,
inquisition
by
them
is
made
of
those
prime
men
that
took
up
arms
against
the
king
,
among
the
rest
the
Earl
of
Cassels
is
summoned
to
appeare
,
his
kinsman
Kennedy
appeared
for
him
,
shewing
that
the
Earle
fought
not
against
,
but
for
the
king
,
and
by
his
command
,
and
with
that
he
produced
the
Kings
letters
.
Iames
Hamilton
the
Bastard
was
so
mad
at
Kennedy
,
that
not
long
after
he
caused
him
to
be
murthered
:
Douglasse
takes
the
murthered
Earls
son
into
his
protection
,
and
bestowes
his
daughter
on
him
;
he
also
plunders
Archbishop
Betons
Castle
,
for
his
complying
with
Lenox
.
Beton
,
that
he
might
not
fall
into
Douglasse
his
hands
,
was
glad
to
hide
himself
,
and
so
was
the
Queen
,
who
both
feared
and
hated
her
husband
.
Shortly
after
,
one
of
Iames
Stewarts
Grooms
,
being
grieved
for
the
death
of
his
master
,
stabs
Hamilton
the
Bastard
in
sixe
several
places
of
his
body
,
in
revenge
of
his
masters
death
:
This
fellow
,
though
pinched
all
over
with
burning
irons
,
shewed
no
manner
of
grief
either
in
word
or
gesture
.
Not
long
after
this
,
the
King
in
the
night-time
,
accompanied
with
a
few
horse
,
made
an
escape
out
of
Falkland
,
and
came
to
Sterling
,
where
being
now
out
of
the
power
of
the
Douglasses
,
he
sends
for
the
Lords
,
who
counsel
him
to
remove
the
Douglassians
from
all
government
,
and
that
neither
they
,
nor
any
of
their
friends
,
kindred
or
servants
come
within
twelve
miles
of
the
Court
upon
pain
of
death
:
this
kept
off
the
Earl
and
his
brother
George
from
comming
;
a
Parliament
is
called
at
Edinburgh
,
out
of
which
the
Douglassian
faction
removes
,
when
they
heard
the
King
was
coming
with
an
Army
:
the
Earle
of
Angus
is
ordered
to
be
banished
beyond
the
Spey
,
his
brother
George
and
Archibald
his
uncle
are
to
be
imprisoned
in
Edinburgh-castle
;
but
they
refused
to
obey
this
Order
,
therefore
they
are
summoned
to
appear
in
Parliament
,
in
the
interim
the
Chancellorship
and
Treasurership
are
taken
from
them
:
but
when
the
King
was
gone
,
they
thought
by
the
aid
of
their
friends
to
take
possession
of
Edinburgh
,
and
to
hinder
the
meeting
of
the
Parliament
;
but
the
City
was
so
well
guarded
,
they
could
do
no
good
;
upon
this
,
Douglasse
goeth
to
his
Castle
of
Tantallon
,
fourteen
miles
from
the
town
.
In
this
Parliament
the
Douglasses
are
proscribed
,
and
their
estates
confiscated
;
whereupon
they
flie
out
into
open
hostolity
,
and
let
loose
the
reins
.
to
all
high-way-men
,
so
that
much
mischief
and
robberies
are
committed
.
The
king
besiegeth
Tantallon-castle
,
but
could
do
no
good
on
it
:
Argile
is
imployed
by
the
king
to
suppresse
the
Bandito's
:
the
Douglasses
being
forsaken
by
the
Hamiltons
,
flie
into
England
.
King
Henry
of
England
preparing
to
make
war
against
Charles
the
Emperor
,
sends
to
make
a
peace
with
Scotland
,
and
to
have
the
Douglasses
restored
:
king
Iames
would
not
heare
any
thing
of
restoring
Douglasse
,
and
so
the
peace
could
not
be
concluded
,
only
a
truce
is
made
for
five
years
;
in
the
mean
while
Tantallon-castle
is
delivered
by
Douglasse
to
the
king
.
The
next
year
,
the
king
makes
Iames
Earl
of
Murrey
Viceroy
,
whom
he
sends
to
the
borders
to
meet
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
concerning
the
peace
,
and
reparation
for
wrongs
,
but
nothing
was
concluded
:
The
king
sends
the
Earl
Bothwell
and
some
other
Lords
into
Edinburgh-castle
,
upon
information
given
,
that
they
were
underhand
raising
war
against
England
;
then
he
goeth
in
person
with
eight
thousand
men
to
suppresse
the
rebellious
borderers
,
whose
Chief
Maxwell
with
divers
others
he
caused
to
be
apprehended
and
hanged
,
at
which
the
English
were
glad
,
for
he
had
done
them
much
mischief
:
shortly
after
this
,
the
king
releaseth
the
imprisoned
Lords
out
of
the
Castle
.
About
this
time
,
one
Iohn
Scot
a
mean
man
in
Edinburgh
,
grew
famous
with
David
Beton
is
sent
into
France
to
complain
that
the
old
league
with
Scotland
was
neglected
;
an
Ambassador
is
sent
from
France
to
compose
the
differences
between
the
Scots
and
English
;
Caesar
sends
an
Charles
Caesar.
About
this
some
time
was
required
for
deliberation
.
Things
being
setled
at
home
,
the
King
resolves
to
sail
about
Scotland
,
for
reducing
the
Islanders
to
obedience
;
first
he
sails
to
the
Orcades
,
which
he
setleth
,
and
puts
garrisons
both
in
the
Kings
and
in
the
Bishops
Castles
;
then
he
settles
the
other
Islands
,
and
sends
away
their
chief
disturbers
to
Edinburgh
and
Dumbar-Castles
;
the
Lutherans
are
severely
enquired
after
,
and
some
burnt
:
the
Earl
of
Murry
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Aberdene
,
are
sent
into
France
about
a
wife
for
the
king
,
to
whom
king
Henry
of
England
sends
by
one
of
his
Bishops
a
book
containing
the
Articles
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
which
king
Iames
upon
perswasion
of
his
Clergy
rejected
as
heretical
:
then
king
Henry
sends
to
desire
king
Iames
to
give
him
a
meeting
about
setling
of
both
kingdomes
in
one
,
which
was
by
marrying
king
Henries
daughter
,
whereby
king
Iames
after
king
Henries
death
should
be
heire
of
both
,
in
assurance
of
which
,
king
Henry
proffers
to
make
him
Duke
of
Yorke
,
and
his
Deputy
or
Viceroy
of
England
:
king
Iames
intended
to
give
king
Henry
a
meeting
,
but
was
at
last
disswaded
from
it
by
the
Hamiltons
,
who
being
next
heirs
to
the
Crown
,
would
not
have
the
king
marry
at
all
;
by
the
Bishops
also
,
who
pretended
that
king
Henry
meant
to
have
the
Religion
of
Scotland
altered
;
they
alleadged
the
danger
that
might
befall
the
king
if
he
should
trust
his
person
in
England
,
whereas
king
Iames
the
first
,
Malcolme
the
first
,
and
his
brother
William
kings
of
Scotland
,
were
drawn
into
England
upon
great
promises
,
and
then
forced
to
assent
and
act
such
things
as
stood
not
with
the
honour
and
safety
of
their
kingdome
.
With
these
reasons
,
and
with
promises
of
great
sums
of
money
,
king
Iames
his
minde
was
changed
,
and
so
king
Henry
was
angred
,
which
occasioned
new
quarrels
.
King
Iames
being
impatient
of
caelibate
,
and
finding
that
his
Ambassadors
in
France
trifled
away
their
time
,
resolves
to
go
thither
in
person
,
but
without
the
knowledge
of
his
Lords
;
the
first
time
he
set
to
sea
he
was
forced
back
by
storms
,
the
next
time
he
landed
in
Deep
,
being
accompanied
with
many
of
his
Lords
,
who
suddenly
comming
to
Paris
before
king
Francis
knew
of
his
arrival
,
was
most
courteously
entertained
,
and
a
match
presently
concluded
between
him
and
Magdalen
the
French
kings
daughter
;
after
Longevil
:
Bothwel
for
suspected
treason
is
banished
out
of
Scotland
,
England
and
France
:
the
Lord
Forbes
is
beheaded
,
being
accused
by
one
Straughen
of
treason
,
and
persecuted
by
Huntlies
faction
:
the
Earl
of
Angus
his
sister
was
burned
for
conspiring
with
some
others
to
poyson
the
king
;
her
husband
thinking
by
a
rope
to
escape
out
of
Edinburgh-Castle
,
fell
and
so
bruised
himself
that
he
died
presently
;
the
next
year
Mary
of
Guise
is
with
great
solemnity
married
at
St.
Andrews
by
the
Archbishop
to
King
Iames.
Many
Protestants
that
year
suffered
either
death
or
banishment
:
George
Buchanan
escaped
out
of
prison
:
Iames
Hamilton
for
treason
is
beheaded
,
and
his
limbs
set
up
in
four
several
places
of
Edinburgh
;
not
long
after
,
the
King
dreamed
that
this
Hamiltons
ghost
appeared
to
him
in
a
ghastly
manner
,
brandishing
his
sword
against
him
,
with
which
he
cut
off
his
right
hand
,
and
then
his
left
;
the
king
being
awakened
,
and
thinking
much
of
the
meaning
of
this
dream
,
news
is
brought
him
that
both
his
sons
were
dead
about
the
same
time
,
the
one
at
St.
Andrews
,
and
the
other
at
Sterling
.
Not
long
after
this
,
the
two
kings
quarrel
,
the
borderers
are
wasted
on
both
sides
;
at
last
Armies
are
raised
,
the
Scots
Army
mutined
because
the
king
had
by
his
letters
named
one
Oliver
Sinclar
for
their
General
,
and
so
in
a
confused
manner
were
marching
home
,
which
the
English
perceiving
,
they
set
upon
them
with
their
whole
Army
,
and
routed
them
;
the
news
of
this
overthrow
so
vexed
the
king
,
that
shortly
after
he
sickned
and
died
,
having
left
one
daughter
heir
to
the
Crown
five
dayes
old
,
he
was
entombed
in
the
Abbey-Church
of
Holy-Roods
,
near
his
first
wife
Magdalen
.
The
losse
of
the
Army
,
and
the
kings
sudden
death
,
put
the
Scots
into
a
great
deal
of
anxiety
;
the
Hamiltons
were
now
in
hope
to
obtain
the
Crown
,
at
least
during
the
nonage
of
the
childe
Mary
:
the
Scots
prisoners
at
London
are
for
two
dayes
shut
up
in
the
Tower
,
and
from
thence
being
brought
in
solemnity
through
the
streets
to
the
king
,
were
checked
by
the
Chancellor
for
breaking
the
peace
,
and
then
were
dispersed
into
some
private
houses
;
but
when
news
came
that
king
Iames
was
dead
,
having
left
one
daughter
,
the
prisoners
are
sent
for
to
the
Court
and
kindly
used
by
the
king
,
who
having
tried
how
they
were
inclined
to
a
match
between
his
son
and
their
young
Queen
,
he
sends
them
home
into
Scotland
,
Iames
Hamilton
Earl
of
Arran
is
named
Viceroy
.
The
next
March
a
Parliament
was
called
,
whither
Sir
Ralph
Sadler
is
sent
Ambassador
from
king
Henry
to
conclude
a
peace
,
and
to
make
up
the
match
,
his
proposal
was
much
opposed
by
the
Queen
,
Cardinal
and
Clergy
;
the
Cardinal
is
confined
,
and
great
hopes
appear
of
a
full
union
,
so
that
the
Merchants
begin
again
to
traffique
freely
;
but
the
Cardinal
(
being
set
at
liberty
)
with
his
Clergy
and
the
Queen
,
strive
what
they
can
to
hinder
any
union
with
England
,
therefore
they
cause
affronts
to
be
put
upon
the
English
Ambassador
,
and
withall
the
hostages
which
were
promised
upon
the
setting
of
the
Scots
Lords
free
in
England
,
were
denied
,
for
they
feared
this
union
would
be
prejudicial
to
France
,
and
that
it
would
bring
in
with
it
an
alteration
in
Religion
:
Sir
Ralph
complains
of
the
affronts
,
to
whom
the
Regent
promiseth
reparation
,
but
shews
it
was
not
in
his
power
to
deliver
any
hostages
:
the
Earl
of
Cassils
alone
professed
openly
,
that
he
would
return
to
England
,
and
there
remain
a
perpetual
prisoner
,
rather
then
his
two
brothers
which
were
his
hostages
should
suffer
for
him
,
and
so
he
went
streight
to
London
;
the
King
highly
commending
his
resolution
,
sets
both
his
brothers
at
liberty
,
and
sends
him
also
back
again
with
some
rich
presents
.
Mean
while
King
Henry
staye●…
all
the
Scots
ships
that
were
within
his
harbours
,
threatning
war
and
destruction
against
those
who
had
broke
the
peace
,
and
violated
the
Laws
of
Nations
:
but
the
Queen
and
Cardinals
faction
sends
to
the
French
king
,
that
he
should
now
or
never
hinder
the
Scots
union
with
England
,
and
to
that
purpose
should
send
home
Matthew
Stewart
Earl
of
Lenox
,
who
was
the
Hamiltons
great
enemy
,
to
suppresse
them
and
their
claim
which
they
laid
to
the
Crown
,
he
being
next
heir
by
King
Iames
his
last
Will
;
they
promise
also
to
marry
him
to
the
widow
Queen
,
and
to
make
him
heire
to
Iames
Hamilton
lately
dead
,
for
the
Regent
was
a
bastard
;
besides
the
French
king
promised
his
assistance
to
Lenox
,
if
he
would
go
home
.
The
young
credulous
Earle
upon
these
great
proffers
and
promises
goeth
for
Scotland
,
where
having
saluted
the
Regent
,
he
repairs
to
the
Cardinal
,
to
whom
he
shews
the
causes
of
this
his
journey
;
his
friends
to
the
number
of
four
thousand
accompany
him
to
the
Queen
:
Hamilton
to
avoid
blood
,
proposeth
some
Articles
for
peace
,
to
wit
,
that
the
Queen
should
be
transported
into
Sterling
,
and
that
she
should
be
educated
by
four
of
the
Nobility
which
were
of
neither
faction
;
hereupon
she
was
crowned
at
Sterling
:
the
Regent
finding
himself
too
weak
for
the
other
faction
,
in
the
Gray-Friars
at
Sterling
in
the
presence
of
the
Queen-mother
,
and
chief
Lords
of
the
Court
,
recanted
his
opinion
concerning
the
controverted
points
of
Religion
,
and
totally
submitted
himself
to
the
Cardinal
,
who
was
Regent
in
effect
,
the
other
onely
in
name
;
thus
the
Queen-mother
and
Cardinal
having
got
the
Regent
to
be
at
their
beck
,
strive
underhand
to
get
Lenox
out
of
the
way
,
by
writing
to
the
French
king
,
and
desiring
him
to
call
back
Lenox
again
,
for
he
had
done
what
they
desired
in
diminishing
the
Regents
power
,
but
they
were
afraid
lest
his
greatnesse
may
cause
some
faction
;
in
the
interim
the
Queen-mother
bare
him
in
hand
that
she
would
marry
him
,
and
entertained
him
at
Court
with
feasting
,
masking
and
dancing
;
the
Earl
of
●…othwel
whom
King
Iames
the
5.
banished
,
is
now
returned
,
and
was
a
great
servant
also
to
the
Queen-mother
,
which
bred
emulation
in
Lenox
,
yet
he
at
last
got
Bothwel
to
forsake
the
Court
;
but
when
he
perceived
that
the
Queen
and
Cardinal
did
put
him
off
with
long
delayes
,
and
that
they
went
about
to
delude
him
,
he
grew
angry
,
and
with
intent
of
revenge
went
to
Dumbritton
,
where
he
receiveth
from
the
French
king
a
great
summe
of
money
which
he
was
to
employ
by
the
advice
of
the
Queen
and
Cardinal
,
but
he
distributed
a
great
part
of
this
money
among
his
friends
,
and
some
he
sent
to
the
Queen
;
the
Cardinal
finding
that
no
share
thereof
came
to
him
,
in
anger
complies
with
the
Regent
,
and
wisheth
him
to
send
speedily
an
Army
to
Glascow
which
might
unawares
seise
upon
Lenox
and
the
money
also
;
but
Lenox
understanding
of
this
plot
,
raiseth
presently
seven
thousand
Voluntiers
,
and
with
them
he
marcheth
to
Leith
,
and
sends
to
the
Cardinal
that
he
was
come
to
prevent
his
journey
to
Glascow
,
and
withall
to
fight
his
forces
;
the
Cardinal
puts
him
off
from
day
to
day
with
promises
of
a
fight
,
but
when
Lenox
saw
that
he
lost
time
,
that
his
Voluntiers
were
beginning
to
hold
correspondence
with
the
Enemy
,
and
that
he
was
not
provided
to
make
a
siege
,
makes
his
peace
with
the
Regent
.
Shortly
after
Lenox
understanding
that
a
plot
was
laid
against
him
,
he
retired
to
Glascow
,
where
he
fortifies
and
victuals
the
Bishops
Castle
;
thence
he
goeth
to
Dumbritton
,
where
he
understands
that
the
Douglasses
and
Hamiltons
were
reconciled
,
and
that
King
Francis
affection
was
alienated
from
him
upon
the
calumnies
of
his
enemies
;
in
the
interim
the
Earl
of
Angus
,
and
Robert
Maxwel
came
to
Glascow
,
to
take
up
the
differences
between
the
Regent
and
Lenox
;
mean
while
King
Henry
of
England
sends
his
fleet
which
was
intended
for
France
,
against
Leith
and
Edinburgh
,
which
had
slighted
his
proffers
,
and
affronted
his
Ambassador
;
ten
thousand
men
being
landed
they
quickly
seise
on
the
Town
,
most
of
the
Merchants
being
gone
elsewhere
;
here
they
stayed
three
dayes
till
their
Artillery
was
landed
,
with
which
they
battered
the
walls
of
Edinburgh
which
they
took
and
plundered
,
and
having
set
fire
on
some
houses
,
they
marched
up
and
down
that
Country
,
wasting
divers
Gentlemens
houses
and
villages
;
and
so
having
done
what
spoil
they
could
,
return
to
their
ships
;
Lenox
in
the
mean
time
sends
a
messenger
with
letters
to
King
Francis
clearing
his
own
innocencie
,
and
accusing
his
enemies
of
false
calumnies
against
him
;
but
the
King
was
so
prepossessed
by
the
Queen-mother
,
and
the
Guisian
faction
,
that
he
would
not
admit
the
messenger
into
his
presence
;
Lenox
being
much
perplexed
that
he
was
thus
abused
by
the
Queen
and
Cardinal
,
and
slighted
by
the
French
king
,
who
had
employed
him
on
a
desperate
service
,
and
then
forsook
him
,
understanding
also
that
the
Regent
was
come
into
Glascow
with
an
Army
,
and
after
ten
dayes
siege
had
taken
the
Castle
,
resolves
now
to
comply
with
the
King
of
England
;
and
having
received
some
encouragements
thereto
,
intends
first
to
be
revenged
on
the
Hamiltons
,
therefore
with
eight
hundred
Townsmen
of
Glascow
and
others
,
he
encounters
the
Hamilton
forces
which
were
far
more
numerous
;
in
the
first
encounter
he
beat
off
the
enemy
from
their
Ordnance
,
but
fresh
supplies
comming
to
the
Hamiltons
got
them
that
victory
,
about
three
hundred
were
killed
on
both
sides
:
Glascow
is
plundered
,
and
Lenox
having
left
the
Castle
of
Dumbritton
to
George
Sterling
,
set
sails
for
England
,
where
he
is
honourably
received
and
entertained
by
the
King
who
marrieth
him
to
Margaret
Douglasse
,
King
Iames
the
fifths
sister
,
and
daughter
to
King
Henries
sister
.
CHAP.
XXX
.
A
continuation
of
the
Scottish
History
under
the
two
Regents
,
Hamilton
and
the
Queen-mother
,
from
1544.
till
1560.
THE
Hamiltons
being
glad
to
be
rid
of
so
potent
an
enemy
as
Lenox
,
call
a
Parliament
,
in
which
he
and
his
friends
are
condemned
,
and
their
Archibald
Douglasse
Earl
of
Angus
,
with
some
few
of
his
friends
,
brought
back
the
Artillery
to
Dumbar
,
even
in
the
sight
of
the
enemy
,
wherein
he
shewed
great
resolution
and
boldnesse
;
the
English
mean
while
wastes
all
the
Country
to
the
Forth
,
and
so
return
home
:
Thomas
Howard
the
Duke
of
Norforlk
,
with
some
others
,
beg
from
King
Henry
in
recompence
of
their
good
service
in
Scotland
,
all
such
lands
there
as
either
they
had
,
or
should
subdue
,
and
with
all
a
sufficient
Army
,
till
the
work
were
done
;
this
was
assented
to
,
so
they
return
with
three
thousand
mercinaries
,
besides
the
borderers
who
were
voluntaries
,
and
warred
on
their
own
charges
:
the
Earl
of
Angus
whose
estate
lay
most
about
the
borders
repairs
to
the
Regent
,
shewing
him
the
danger
the
kingdome
was
in
,
and
reproved
him
for
suffering
himself
to
be
led
by
the
Cardinal
and
his
Clergy
,
for
which
he
had
lost
the
hearts
of
the
Nobility
;
hereupon
summons
are
sent
abroad
to
invite
the
Lords
to
a
meeting
,
that
an
Army
might
be
raised
,
they
two
in
the
interim
with
three
hundred
horse
ride
towards
the
English
quarters
;
some
of
the
borderers
joyn
their
forces
with
the
Regent
,
to
whom
came
a
supply
of
three
hundred
out
of
Fife
,
and
some
more
forces
under
Walter
Scot
;
these
encounter
with
the
English
who
had
both
the
sun
and
wind
against
them
,
so
that
being
blinded
with
the
sun
now
in
the
West
,
and
the
gun-powdersmoak
,
they
we●…e
presently
disranked
and
confounded
,
and
so
suddenly
flung
down
their
arms
and
ran
away
;
the
Scots
pursued
with
great
eagernesse
and
made
a
great
slaughter
;
of
the
Scots
two
onely
were
slain
;
of
the
English
about
two
hundred
,
and
a
thousand
taken
prisoners
,
eight
hundred
of
which
were
Gentlemen
.
About
this
time
,
the
Gourdons
under
George
Earl
of
Huntly
,
or
rather
the
Reginaldins
by
his
instigation
,
fought
a
battel
with
the
Frasers
;
in
which
the
whole
family
of
the
Frasers
were
killed
,
so
that
it
had
been
utterly
extinct
,
but
that
there
were
80
of
their
wives
left
big
with
with
childe
;
all
which
were
brought
to
bed
of
sons
,
who
lived
till
they
all
came
to
mens
estate
.
Five
hundred
horse
and
three
thousand
foot
are
sent
out
of
France
into
Scotland
,
to
retard
the
English
from
invading
France
;
an
Ambassadour
also
is
sent
to
enquire
into
crimes
objected
against
Lenox
,
that
he
suppressed
much
of
the
French
money
,
Perth
,
Dundee
,
and
other
towns
,
to
punish
and
suppresse
the
Protestants
;
they
take
away
the
Provostship
of
Perth
from
the
Ruvens
,
in
whose
family
it
had
continued
many
years
,
and
put
one
upon
them
,
whom
they
would
not
admit
,
which
caused
great
troubles
and
tumults
in
the
town
,
so
that
sixty
men
were
slain
,
and
many
in
the
confused
presse
of
the
people
resisting
their
new
Provost
and
his
forces
,
were
trod
to
death
.
After
this
the
Cardinal
conveys
the
Regent
to
St.
Andrews
,
where
having
sumptuously
entertained
him
for
three
weeks
,
he
goeth
to
the
National
Synod
then
held
at
Edinburg
,
where
George
Sephocard
a
Minister
is
accused
of
Heresie
;
him
they
fetch
away
with
a
troop
of
horse
from
Iohn
Cockburns
house
where
he
was
entertained
,
then
he
was
carried
to
St.
Andrews
,
where
he
was
condemned
by
the
Cardinal
and
his
Clergie
to
be
burned
as
an
Heretick
,
for
the
Regent
refused
to
meddle
with
him
:
the
Cardinal
in
great
state
with
divers
church-men
sate
in
his
window
over
against
the
place
of
Execution
:
George
,
as
the
rope
was
about
his
neck
,
and
the
fire
ready
to
be
kindled
,
told
the
Cardinal
,
that
ere
long
,
for
all
his
great
state
,
he
should
be
laid
as
low
as
he
;
so
he
was
strangled
,
and
his
body
burned
to
ashes
:
This
severity
procured
much
obloquie
and
hatred
from
the
people
and
Nobility
on
the
Cardinal
,
who
to
make
his
party
the
stronger
,
marrieth
his
eldest
daughter
to
the
Earl
of
Crafords
son
.
Mean
while
,
the
Cardinal
understanding
that
there
was
a
great
fleet
from
England
comming
to
infest
the
coast
of
Fife
,
he
sends
to
all
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
that
country
to
meet
him
on
such
a
day
,
to
consult
about
fortifying
of
that
coast
.
About
that
time
the
Earl
of
Rothus
son
,
by
the
assistance
of
fifteen
more
that
were
of
the
plot
,
entred
one
day
betimes
in
the
morning
into
the
Cardinals
Castle
at
Saint
Andrews
,
the
gate
being
opened
to
let
in
the
work-men
who
were
then
repairing
and
fortifying
of
the
place
;
these
conspirators
break
into
his
bed-Chamber
,
and
with
many
wounds
they
stab
him
to
death
:
then
upon
a
tumult
in
the
Town
,
his
dead
body
is
exposed
to
publique
view
in
the
same
place
where
he
beheld
the
Ministers
execution
;
the
murtherers
are
summoned
to
Edinburgh
,
who
stand
upon
their
own
guard
in
the
Castle
,
and
refuse
to
come
;
whereupon
they
are
proscribed
:
The
Regent
by
the
Queen
and
Clergies
instigation
takes
arms
,
and
layeth
siege
to
the
Castle
almost
4
months
,
till
the
winter
forced
them
to
raise
the
siege
and
depart
;
but
they
in
the
Castle
being
rid
of
their
enemies
,
waste
all
the
Country
about
with
fire
and
sword
,
and
gave
themselves
to
all
licentiousnesse
,
notwithstanding
Iohn
Knox
preached
damnation
to
them
.
The
English
again
invade
the
borders
,
and
new
levies
are
raised
to
resist
them
,
about
which
time
a
French
fleet
in
which
were
21
gallies
arrived
;
the
French
and
Scots
joyn
their
forces
,
and
suddenly
besiege
the
Cardinals
castle
,
which
they
batter
with
their
brasse-ordnance
from
the
towers
of
the
two
next
Churches
,
so
that
at
last
the
besieged
were
forced
to
yield
,
being
promised
their
lives
;
in
this
castle
was
found
the
Cardinals
treasure
,
with
much
provision
,
furniture
and
housholdstuffe
,
besides
much
wealth
hid
there
for
security
by
the
Citizens
;
the
castle
by
command
is
pull'd
down
to
the
ground
.
About
this
time
news
came
,
that
the
King
of
England
was
preparing
both
by
sea
and
land
to
invade
Scotland
,
and
to
force
the
Scots
to
make
good
their
This
battel
being
fought
,
the
English
waste
all
the
Country
for
six
miles
together
,
and
take
in
certain
Castles
:
The
Regent
repairs
to
both
the
Queens
at
Sterling
,
being
sad
for
this
disaster
;
but
the
Queen-mother
was
not
much
sorry
,
though
she
made
shew
,
because
she
aimed
to
displace
the
Regent
,
and
to
get
the
government
into
her
own
hand
:
The
young
Queen
is
secured
in
Dumbritton
,
whilest
the
Lords
consult
about
setling
of
the
kingdome
.
Ambassadours
are
also
sent
to
Henry
of
France
,
for
aide
against
the
common
enemy
,
with
hopes
that
the
young
Queen
shall
be
conveyed
over
into
France
,
and
married
to
the
Dolphin
;
but
the
French
aide
came
not
so
soon
as
was
expected
:
mean
while
the
English
invade
Galloway
by
the
assistance
of
Lennox
,
to
Whilst
the
siege
continues
at
Haddington
,
the
Scots
surprise
Hume-Castle
with
some
other
places
from
the
English.
Iames
Stewart
the
Queens
brother
with
some
forces
in
Fife
,
fell
upon
twelve
hundred
English
lately
landed
,
and
drove
them
back
again
to
their
ships
,
with
the
losse
of
six
hundred
of
them
,
partly
slain
,
and
partly
drowned
,
as
they
were
hastening
to
their
fleet
;
about
one
hundred
were
taken
prisoners
.
Then
the
English
fleet
resolves
to
seise
upon
the
town
of
Montrose
in
the
night
;
but
the
governour
of
the
Town
perceiving
by
the
lights
in
their
ships
where
they
were
,
placeth
divers
armed
men
in
ambush
,
who
fell
upon
eight
hundred
of
them
as
they
were
landing
,
and
drove
them
back
into
the
Sea
,
so
that
scarce
the
third
part
of
them
escaped
.
The
siege
at
Haddington
continues
still
:
Thomas
Palmer
with
one
thousand
foot
and
three
hundred
horse
from
Barwick
are
sent
to
relieve
the
besieged
,
but
they
were
almost
all
cut
off
by
the
Scots
in
ambush
;
after
these
three
hundred
more
are
sent
with
powder
and
shot
to
relieve
the
besieged
,
for
these
the
French
lay
in
wait
,
but
missed
them
:
Then
news
came
that
a
great
army
was
comming
out
of
England
to
raise
the
siege
;
whereupon
the
Scots
army
not
willing
to
hazard
all
upon
one
battell
,
leave
the
siege
,
and
send
back
the
Artillery
to
Edenburgh
;
where
the
Provost
was
killed
with
his
son
and
others
by
the
French
,
because
he
resisted
them
as
they
were
entering
the
City
,
fearing
lest
they
should
fall
to
plundering
after
their
accustomed
manner
.
The
French
return
again
suddenly
to
Haddington
,
where
they
killed
the
watch
betimes
in
the
morning
,
but
as
they
were
breaking
open
the
gate
,
the
English
are
awaked
,
who
discharging
the
murthering
piece
before
the
gate
,
did
such
execution
upon
the
French
,
that
they
ran
away
;
but
not
long
after
,
they
made
incursions
upon
England
,
and
did
much
hurt
there
.
Not
long
after
this
,
Dessius
the
French
General
is
called
home
,
upon
the
Regents
letters
complaining
of
his
insolencies
,
and
sedition
raised
by
him
at
Edenburgh
:
but
by
the
way
he
retakes
from
the
English
Keth-Island
,
and
puts
most
of
them
to
the
sword
.
Termius
is
sent
into
Scotland
with
some
more
French
supplies
,
who
regain
some
Castles
from
the
English
;
and
upon
the
departure
of
their
Army
into
England
,
sits
down
before
Haddington
,
which
at
last
,
the
English
garrison
for
want
of
provisions
were
forced
to
quit
,
having
The
Kingdome
being
setled
,
Huntly
is
employed
by
the
Queen-Regent
to
suppress
the
high-way-men
,
which
he
undertook
,
but
performed
not
,
wherefore
he
is
imprisoned
,
and
not
released
untill
he
had
resigned
his
right
to
Moravia
,
and
his
offices
he
enjoyed
in
the
North
,
and
then
he
was
dismissed
,
and
made
a
Privy-counsellor
;
then
the
Queen-Regent
makes
a
progress
as
far
North
as
Innerness
,
where
she
caused
divers
delinquents
to
be
executed
,
and
sent
the
Earle
of
Athol
against
the
Rebels
,
who
brought
with
him
their
chief
Commander
Muderac
with
his
whole
family
to
the
Queen
,
but
shortly
after
he
made
an
escape
,
and
did
more
mischief
then
before
;
some
of
Cardinal
Betons
murtherers
are
advanced
by
the
Queen
;
a
new
project
is
set
on
foot
by
the
French
,
for
raising
of
monies
to
mantain
an
Army
of
mercinaries
,
that
each
man
should
be
rated
according
to
his
estate
,
but
this
was
wholly
disliked
and
rejected
,
as
being
both
dangerous
and
needless
;
it
was
thought
that
Huntly
was
the
aurhor
of
this
project
,
purposely
to
bring
the
Queen-Regent
in
dislike
wit●…
the
people
.
The
French
king
sends
to
the
Regent
of
Scotland
,
that
she
would
according
to
the
old
league
denounce
war
against
England
,
because
Queen
Mary
assisted
Andrew
Car
,
in
which
many
were
wounded
and
killed
on
both
sides
,
and
Car
taken
prisoner
:
After
this
,
a
Parliament
is
held
in
Edinburgh
,
in
which
the
French
kings
letters
were
read
,
desiring
the
Scots
to
send
away
for
consummating
of
the
marriage
,
and
confirming
of
the
old
league
,
some
of
their
prime
men
;
whereupon
three
Peers
,
two
Bishops
,
one
Prior
or
Abbot
,
and
two
Provosts
were
sent
away
,
two
ships
of
that
fleet
were
sunk
with
stormy
weather
,
the
Earl
of
Rothuse
,
and
Reed
Bishop
of
Orkney
saved
themselves
in
a
Fisher-boat
;
when
all
the
Commissioners
were
come
on
shore
they
hasten
to
the
Court
;
the
Guises
who
had
now
the
command
of
all
France
,
use
all
the
celerity
they
can
to
consummate
the
marriage
;
there
were
five
brothers
of
them
,
the
eldest
was
General
of
the
French
forces
in
France
;
the
second
of
the
Ligurian
forces
;
the
third
of
their
Army
in
Scotland
;
the
fourth
commanded
the
Gallies
at
Marsieles
;
and
the
fifth
who
was
Charles
the
Cardinal
,
had
the
disposing
of
the
whole
treasure
of
France
:
after
the
nuptial
solemnities
were
finished
,
the
Chancellor
of
France
desires
the
Scots
Commissioners
that
the
Queens
husband
might
be
solemnly
installed
and
created
King
of
Scotland
,
and
that
it
might
be
confirmed
by
Parliament
,
which
motion
was
rejected
by
them
as
unreasonable
,
and
as
no
wayes
contained
within
their
Commission
:
shortly
after
four
of
the
prime
Commissioners
,
with
divers
of
their
attendants
died
suddenly
,
not
without
suspition
of
poyson
;
Iames
the
Queens
brother
recovered
,
but
never
perfectly
,
for
he
had
still
after
this
an
infirm
stomach
.
About
this
time
the
borders
are
infested
on
both
sides
with
mutual
incursions
,
a
fleet
of
English
was
sent
to
infest
the
Scots
coast
,
which
arriving
in
Orkney
,
landed
many
men
to
plunder
and
burn
the
Bishops
seat
,
and
Town
of
Orkney
,
but
the
ships
were
scattered
and
torn
by
storms
,
and
all
that
came
on
shore
were
cut
in
peeces
by
the
Islanders
:
great
troubles
fell
out
in
St.
Andrews
about
the
burning
of
one
Milvins
a
revolted
Priest
,
whose
tombe
was
erected
and
taken
down
again
divers
times
,
till
at
last
the
stones
were
quite
carried
away
for
other
buildings
:
At
Edinburgh
on
the
festival
day
of
S.
Aegidius
the
Cities
Patron
,
his
statue
that
should
have
been
carried
about
in
Procession
,
was
stoln
out
of
the
Church
,
and
another
little
one
being
made
,
and
carried
about
solemnly
,
was
thrown
down
and
trampled
upon
by
the
rude
multitude
,
and
all
the
Procession
ornaments
torn
in
peeces
.
Shortly
after
,
Paul
Mefan
a
Minister
,
is
summoned
to
appear
at
Edinburgh
,
which
he
refused
,
being
backed
and
supported
by
Dundee
;
upon
this
divers
prime
men
out
of
Fife
and
Angus
,
dispersed
themselves
through
the
kingdome
,
exhorting
the
people
to
shake
off
the
old
Religion
,
and
to
subscribe
to
the
Reformation
,
and
withall
they
send
to
the
Queen
Regent
,
that
the
Divine-service
might
be
used
in
the
vulgar
tongue
,
that
the
people
might
chuse
their
own
Ministers
,
and
have
power
to
depose
them
;
this
motion
was
rejected
by
the
Papal-Clergy
with
much
indignation
,
but
the
Regent
for
quietness
sake
gave
way
that
Divine-service
be
said
in
Scottish
,
conditionally
that
no
Minister
be
suffered
to
preach
at
Leith
and
Edinburgh
;
the
Priests
notwithstanding
ceased
not
to
persecute
the
Ministers
,
and
caused
some
old
Canons
to
be
printed
and
fastened
to
the
Churchdoors
,
the
copies
of
which
,
because
sold
up
and
down
for
farthings
a
peece
,
therefore
the
people
called
the
Roman
religion
,
The
Farthing-faith
.
In
the
Parliament
at
Edinburgh
the
French
Ambassador
,
with
his
faction
,
labour
hard
to
have
the
Crown
of
Scotland
set
upon
the
Dolphins
head
,
which
at
last
after
much
debate
was
assented
to
;
the
Earl
of
Argile
,
with
Iames
the
Queens
brother
,
are
appointed
to
convey
the
Crown
into
France
,
but
they
fearing
this
would
prove
an
enslaving
of
Scotland
to
France
,
put
off
the
journey
with
long
delayes
;
in
the
interim
Queen
Mary
of
England
dieth
,
and
Mary
of
Scotland
claimeth
that
Crown
,
therefore
assumes
the
Title
and
Arms
of
England
,
which
her
husband
likewise
did
:
the
Queen
Regent
also
began
to
carry
herself
more
imperiously
then
before
,
petitions
were
preferred
to
her
in
behalf
of
the
Protestants
,
which
she
rejected
;
whereupon
threatning
speeches
are
given
out
of
shaking
off
her
government
.
The
Town
of
Perth
publickly
receives
the
Protestant
Religion
,
for
which
she
threatens
Raven
the
Provost
;
then
she
sends
to
Haliburton
Provost
of
Dundee
,
to
apprehend
Mefan
,
and
send
him
to
her
,
but
he
conveyes
him
away
out
of
danger
;
she
commands
that
the
next
Easter
should
be
kept
after
the
Roman
manner
,
but
this
her
command
was
generally
slighted
;
wherefore
in
a
rage
shee
summons
to
Sterling
all
the
Ministers
of
Scotland
,
who
at
the
day
appointed
came
with
multitudes
of
their
own
side
to
guard
them
,
so
that
the
Regent
was
afraid
,
and
dismissed
them
without
acting
any
thing
against
them
,
save
only
that
she
proscribed
such
as
had
not
appeared
there
,
as
contumacious
.
At
this
time
Knox
is
Preacher
at
Perth
,
who
with
his
knocking
tongue
beat
down
the
quires
and
chancels
of
Cathedrals
,
with
the
religious
houses
,
beginning
first
at
Perth
,
where
the
mad
multitude
in
a
few
dayes
destroy
the
the
buildings
of
the
Franciscans
,
Dominicans
,
and
Carthusians
;
The
like
fury
was
seen
in
Cuper
of
Fife
,
and
afterward
like
a
Gangrene
it
crept
into
other
places
.
This
so
highly
incensed
the
Regent
,
that
being
assisted
by
the
Earls
of
Argile
and
Athol
,
with
the
French
,
she
suddenly
raised
an
Army
against
Perth
:
The
Lords
of
the
Reformation
with
seven
thousand
repair
thither
to
defend
the
Town
;
but
by
the
mediation
of
friends
,
a
peace
is
made
without
sheding
of
blood
,
and
the
Regent
upon
the
disbanding
of
her
Army
is
permitted
to
enter
and
stay
in
the
Town
with
her
ordinary
attendance
during
pleasure
,
but
the
French
are
not
permitted
to
come
within
three
miles
of
the
place
:
But
after
the
Regent
had
been
there
three
dayes
,
she
banisheth
divers
of
the
Townsmen
,
and
divers
of
them
she
plunders
,
and
changeth
all
the
officers
of
the
Town
;
and
then
having
left
a
garrison
of
Scots
there
,
she
goeth
to
Sterlin
.
This
much
incensed
the
people
against
her
;
wherefore
they
assemble
in
great
numbers
,
being
countenanced
by
some
Lords
,
and
fell
upon
S.
Andrews
and
other
Towns
,
spoiling
all
the
Religious
houses
,
so
that
the
Archbishop
with
his
guard
were
forced
to
flie
:
whereupon
the
Regent
in
a
rage
commands
all
the
French
and
Scots
of
her
side
to
be
in
arms
at
the
sounding
of
the
trumpet
;
about
three
thousand
Scots
and
French
repaire
to
her
,
but
the
number
of
her
enemies
was
far
greater
;
wherefore
she
sends
to
make
peace
with
them
,
which
they
refuse
,
because
she
did
not
use
to
keep
promise
with
hereticks
,
and
they
knew
also
that
she
laboured
to
gain
time
,
whereby
she
might
have
forraign
aid
;
yet
some
hopes
appeared
,
if
she
would
dismisse
her
garrison
at
Perth
,
and
suffer
the
Town
to
enjoy
her
old
liberties
,
which
she
refused
to
do
;
wherefore
the
Protestant
army
from
Cuper
besiegeth
Perth
,
which
shortly
after
is
surrendred
to
them
,
and
Ruven
is
restored
to
his
Provostship
;
then
they
march
to
the
town
of
Scone
,
which
they
burn
,
for
murthering
a
Protestant
against
their
promise
:
after
this
they
seise
upon
Sterlin
,
understanding
that
the
Regent
was
sending
thither
a
French
garrison
,
and
there
they
pull
down
the
Monastery
,
thence
they
march
towards
Edinburgh
,
which
put
such
a
terror
in
the
French
and
Scots
Catholikes
,
that
they
flie
to
Dunbar
;
the
Protestant
Lords
in
the
interim
set
up
preaching
Ministers
every
where
.
Mean
while
news
came
of
the
death
of
king
Henry
of
France
,
which
made
the
Scots
secure
,
and
the
Queen
doubtful
lest
she
and
her
French
should
be
Iames
Hamilton
,
lately
Regent
of
Scotland
,
to
joyn
with
the
Protestant
party
,
who
now
were
preparing
to
besiege
the
French
in
Lieth
,
to
whose
relief
the
French
king
sends
two
thousand
men
;
the
Bishop
of
Amiens
also
with
three
Sorbon
Doctors
are
sent
to
dispute
if
need
were
;
the
Regent
upon
their
comming
was
so
lifted
up
,
that
she
vowed
to
be
revenged
on
the
Kings
and
Churches
enemies
,
therefore
divers
of
the
Lords
are
summoned
to
appear
,
who
refuse
to
come
,
because
they
saw
the
Regent
and
the
French
were
bent
to
enslave
the
kingdome
,
by
fortifying
Leith
,
and
filling
it
with
garrisons
of
strangers
;
to
these
she
sends
a
Herauld
of
Arms
,
shewing
that
her
whole
aim
was
to
mantain
the
ancient
Religion
,
and
to
keep
the
kingdome
in
quietness
,
not
for
her self
,
but
for
her
daughter
that
was
the
sole
lawful
heir
;
therefore
she
commands
them
to
lay
down
Arms
,
and
appear
to
their
summons
,
or
else
they
must
be
proclaimed
Rebels
:
the
Lords
return
this
answer
,
That
by
reason
the
Regent
aimed
wholly
at
the
destruction
of
the
kingdome
and
Protestant
Religion
,
therefore
they
forbid
her
to
exercise
her
power
any
more
,
but
to
depart
from
Leith
with
the
Ambassador
,
Sorbons
and
garrison
,
or
else
they
must
force
her
,
which
they
are
loth
to
do
,
by
reason
of
the
league
between
Scotland
and
France
,
and
the
nearness
of
blood
between
her
and
their
Queen
.
Presently
upon
this
it
is
ordered
,
that
the
Queen-Regents
power
and
authority
was
void
,
that
the
Embassie
from
her
daughter
and
son-in-law
was
of
no
validity
,
and
withall
an
Herauld
is
sent
to
Leith
to
command
all
the
Scots
there
to
depart
within
four
and
twenty
hours
,
after
this
some
light
skirmishes
there
were
;
in
the
interim
the
Regent
by
fair
promises
inticeth
divers
of
the
Lords
to
her
side
,
and
for
want
of
pay
the
Protestant
souldiers
mutiny
,
which
much
advanced
the
Regents
cause
,
who
had
secret
intelligence
of
all
their
consultations
;
besides
the
Duke
of
Castellerot
was
fearful
and
wavering
to
help
these
evils
,
chiefly
to
content
the
souldiers
,
they
send
into
England
.
To
borrow
a
sum
of
money
,
for
they
could
not
supply
so
great
a
sum
of
themselves
,
nor
could
they
coin
their
plate
,
because
they
had
not
the
command
of
the
Mint
;
but
Cockburn
who
was
sent
to
bring
money
out
of
England
,
is
apprehended
by
Bothwel
,
and
brought
to
the
Regent
with
his
money
;
the
Earl
of
Arran
and
Iames
Stewart
thought
to
have
rescued
Cockburn
,
but
were
prevented
by
Bothwel
.
The
Provost
of
Dundee
,
with
his
Trained-bands
of
foot
,
and
some
mercinaries
,
as
they
were
marching
towards
Leith
,
were
driven
back
by
the
French
horse
in
great
disorder
;
so
that
many
who
seemed
to
be
Protestants
,
slide
back
again
to
Popery
;
Arran
and
Stewart
,
with
some
forces
brake
out
of
Edinburgh
upon
the
French
very
rashly
,
by
whom
they
were
defeated
,
and
forced
to
forsake
the
City
,
which
they
did
in
the
night-time
,
and
the
next
day
came
to
Sterling
,
where
Knox
encouraged
them
to
perseverance
.
The
Protestants
perceiving
the
French
side
increase
daily
,
resolve
to
send
to
the
Queen
of
England
for
aid
,
shewing
her
the
danger
that
might
redound
to
England
,
if
the
French
should
have
the
command
of
Scotland
:
hereupon
supplies
are
promised
;
mean
while
some
part
of
the
Protestant
forces
stay
at
Glascow
,
and
the
rest
march
into
Fife
;
the
French
before
the
English
came
fall
upon
those
in
Fife
;
plundering
and
wasting
all
the
Protestant
Towns
,
houses
&
villages
in
their
way
.
The
Protestant
forces
assemble
at
the
Town
of
Disert
,
and
for
twenty
dayes
together
have
light
skirmishes
with
the
French
,
and
lying
in
ambush
apprehended
about
a
hundred
Savoyans
,
half
of
which
they
killed
with
their
Captain
,
the
remainder
they
send
prisoners
to
Dundee
;
in
the
interim
a
league
at
Berwick
is
made
between
the
English
and
them
on
these
Articles
,
That
they
should
help
each
other
against
any
strangers
in
either
Kingdome
;
That
Queen
Elizabeth
should
pay
both
the
Scots
souldiers
in
England
,
CHAP.
XXXI
.
The
continuation
of
the
English
History
under
King
Edward
the
6.
and
Queen
Mary
,
from
the
year
1546.
till
1558.
TO
King
Henry
succeeded
his
son
King
Edward
the
6.
over
whose
minority
and
Kingdome
,
his
uncle
Edward
Lord
Seymour
,
Earl
of
Hereford
The
Protector
upon
his
return
,
calls
a
Parliament
at
London
,
in
which
all
Chantries
,
Colledges
,
and
free
Chappels
are
given
to
the
King.
The
six
Articles
were
repealed
,
and
some
other
Statutes
against
heretical
Tenents
;
Injunctions
are
sent
forth
to
pull
down
all
Images
in
Churches
,
beginning
at
St.
Pauls
in
London
,
which
caused
great
stirs
,
chiefly
in
Devonshire
and
Cornwal
,
where
one
of
the
Commissioners
were
stabbed
,
and
a
great
insurrection
against
the
King
is
hatched
;
ten
thousand
take
Arms
,
and
besiege
Exeter
,
which
was
in
such
distresse
,
that
the
Townsmen
fed
upon
bran
and
horse-flesh
,
for
this
loyalty
the
Cities
Charters
were
confirmed
,
their
liberties
inlarged
,
and
the
Mannor
of
Exilend
bestowed
on
them
;
the
Rebels
mean
while
spoil
the
Country
,
of
which
at
last
growing
weary
,
and
not
finding
the
aid
they
looked
for
,
sent
their
Articles
of
peace
to
the
King
:
1.
That
Baptisme
be
administred
in
all
times
of
need
.
2.
That
children
be
Bishoped
or
Confi●…med
.
3.
That
the
Lords
body
be
consecrated
and
reserved
in
Churches
,
and
Masse
celebrated
as
before
.
4.
That
holy-bread
and
holy-water
be
used
.
5.
That
the
Priests
sing
or
say
Masse
in
the
Quire
of
the
Parish-Churches
.
6.
That
Priests
live
chaste
without
marriage
.
7.
That
the
six
Articles
of
King
Henry
the
8.
be
used
.
The
King
upon
this
sends
them
a
general
pardon
,
blaming
them
for
their
presumption
and
folly
,
shewing
them
that
their
demands
were
not
to
be
granted
,
and
that
if
they
did
not
submit
,
they
should
feel
the
dint
of
his
sword
;
notwithstanding
all
this
,
they
persist
in
their
rebellion
till
Sir
Iohn
Russel
,
Lord
Privy-seal
,
was
sent
with
some
forces
against
them
,
with
whom
he
encounters
near
Honiton
;
a
cruel
fight
was
maintained
by
the
Cornish
till
their
hearts
failing
them
,
they
began
to
give
back
and
flie
;
the
Royalists
disorderly
fall
to
the
spoil
,
which
the
Cornish
perceiving
,
suddenly
returned
,
and
gave
a
new
onset
,
a
cruel
encounter
followed
,
three
hundred
Rebels
are
killed
,
and
the
rest
take
to
their
heels
.
After
this
,
the
Royalists
being
now
a
thousand
strong
,
by
the
addition
of
an
Italian-band
intended
against
Scotland
under
the
Lord
Grey
of
Milton
;
the
Lord
Russel
marcheth
over
the
Downs
to
the
relief
of
Exeter
;
the
Rebels
encounter
with
him
again
,
and
are
again
defeated
,
with
the
losse
of
most
of
their
lives
;
the
rest
got
into
the
Town
of
S.
Mary
Clift
,
who
were
aided
presently
with
multitudes
of
people
,
carrying
into
the
field
the
Crucifix
under
a
Canopy
;
another
battel
is
fought
wherein
the
Rebels
are
utterly
defeated
and
slain
,
their
chiefe
Captains
are
taken
and
executed
by
Marshal-law
;
Boyen
the
Maior
of
Bodmin
in
Cornwall
was
commanded
by
the
Provost-marshal
to
set
up
a
paire
of
Gallows
;
on
which
he
was
immediately
hanged
himselfe
,
the
Millers
man
also
who
called
himselfe
by
his
Masters
name
was
hanged
upon
the
next
Tree
,
being
told
by
the
said
Knight
that
he
could
never
do
his
Master
better
service
then
to
hang
for
him
:
At
the
same
time
also
there
were
great
troubles
in
divers
places
about
laying
open
of
Inclosures
,
which
the
poor
people
began
to
put
in
practice
themselves
,
presuming
upon
the
Kings
Commission
;
but
the
greatest
Iohn
Flowerdew
,
and
Robert
Ket
,
casting
down
one
anothers
fences
and
hedges
:
At
last
this
Ket
is
made
Captain
of
this
commotion
,
to
him
multitudes
flock
,
the
High-Sheriffe
made
Proclamation
for
them
to
depart
;
but
had
not
his
horse
been
the
swifter
,
he
had
been
killed
by
them
;
they
make
Monshold
the
place
of
their
Rendezvous
,
their
behaviour
was
very
barbarous
even
to
all
their
friends
,
for
Sir
Roger
Woodhouse
for
his
kindnesse
in
bringing
them
two
carts
laden
with
beer
and
victuals
,
loseth
both
his
horses
and
apparrel
,
and
almost
his
life
,
having
his
body
abused
and
cast
in
prison
;
to
these
the
scum
both
of
Norfolk
and
Suffolk
assembled
,
who
by
ringing
of
bells
,
and
firing
of
Beacons
set
all
in
an
uproar
,
they
forced
divers
good
subjects
to
dance
after
their
pipe
;
in
the
Kings
name
they
gave
out
warrants
to
apprehend
and
imprison
whom
they
pleased
,
their
number
now
was
increased
to
sixteen
thousand
;
Ket
the
Tanner
sits
as
supreme
Judge
in
an
old
Tree
,
which
hee
called
the
Oake
of
Reformation
,
from
thence
hee
delivered
his
oracles
.
These
men
were
now
so
high
,
that
they
scorned
the
Kings
pardon
,
which
by
an
Herauld
at
Arms
was
proclaimed
to
them
;
they
batter
the
walls
of
Norwich
,
and
enter
into
it
,
seising
upon
all
the
provision
and
munitions
,
imprisoning
the
Maior
and
other
Citizens
;
thither
Par
Marquesse
of
Northampton
is
sent
by
the
King
with
one
thousand
five
hundred
horse
,
to
whom
presently
the
Magistrates
surrendred
the
Cities
Sword
,
and
so
he
enters
;
the
Rebels
that
same
night
assaulted
it
with
the
losse
of
three
hundred
of
them
,
the
next
day
they
enter
the
Town
and
began
a
bloody
fight
,
in
which
the
Lord
Sheffeild
was
cruelly
slain
,
having
fallen
from
his
horse
,
and
the
Marquesse
forced
to
forsake
the
City
;
Sir
Thomas
Cornwallis
is
taken
prisoner
,
and
at
last
the
Town
is
ransacked
and
set
on
fire
by
the
Rebels
:
After
this
the
Lord
Dudley
is
made
General
against
them
,
who
shewing
himselfe
upon
the
Plain
before
Norwich
,
sent
againe
the
Kings
pardon
,
which
is
rejected
,
wherefore
he
plants
his
Ordnance
against
Saint
Stevens
Gate
,
which
being
forced
open
,
the
Earle
of
Warwick
enters
,
and
in
the
Market
place
,
with
small
resistance
,
executes
threescore
Rebels
by
Marshal-law
;
but
they
seised
on
the
Earls
powder
and
shot
,
and
conveyed
it
to
their
Camp
,
they
manned
the
streets
and
kill
many
Royallists
,
but
at
length
are
forced
backe
to
Monshold
,
against
which
place
Warwick
planted
his
Ordnance
,
but
the
Rebels
fell
with
such
violence
upon
his
forces
,
that
they
gave
back
,
leaving
the
Artillery
to
the
Rebels
.
The
Earl
being
over-mastered
,
was
advised
by
some
to
be
gone
,
but
he
drawing
his
sword
,
caused
his
friends
to
do
the
like
,
who
with
a
mutual
kisse
confirmed
their
courage
and
resolutions
;
then
they
stop
all
provisions
from
the
Rebels
,
but
they
arose
thence
and
entrenched
themselves
in
the
valley
called
Dussindale
,
upon
a
vain
prophesie
that
[
Hob
,
Dick
,
and
Hick
]
that
is
,
the
Rusticks
with
their
clubs
should
fill
that
valley
with
dead
bodies
;
the
next
day
the
Lord
General
prepares
to
fight
,
having
received
a
supply
of
one
thousand
and
four
hundred
Lances
,
but
first
sends
a
pardon
which
they
reject
again
;
the
Rebels
place
all
their
prisoners
coupled
in
irons
in
the
fore-rank
of
their
Army
,
and
with
a
shot
struck
the
Kings
Standard-bearer
in
the
thigh
,
whereupon
the
Earl
dischargeth
his
whole
Artillery
upon
them
,
and
so
opened
their
battel
that
most
of
the
captive
Gentlemen
escaped
;
the
Royalists
fought
so
stoutly
,
that
the
Rebels
gave
back
and
fled
,
the
fore-most
of
which
was
their
Captain
Ket
;
the
chase
continued
three
miles
,
with
the
slaughter
of
three
thousand
five
hundred
Rebels
,
some
resolute
men
staid
to
keep
the
Ordnance
,
to
whom
the
General
proffers
a
pardon
,
which
they
refuse
,
chusing
rather
to
die
like
men
then
to
be
hanged
up
like
dogs
,
as
was
intended
;
the
General
sends
again
that
he
would
come
in
person
and
confirm
the
pardon
if
they
made
any
doubt
thereof
,
which
he
did
accordingly
,
and
so
they
flung
down
their
Arms
and
prayed
for
the
King.
Captain
Ket
the
next
day
hid
himself
in
a
barn
,
and
was
betrayed
by
two
of
his
servants
,
then
with
two
hundred
horse
was
conveyed
to
Norwich
,
nine
chief
Rebels
are
hanged
upon
the
Oak
of
Reformation
;
William
Ket
the
younger
brother
was
hanged
upon
an
high
steeple
,
and
Robert
Ket
the
Arch-rebel
in
chains
upon
the
Castle
of
Norwich
;
the
Townsmen
solemnised
yearly
the
day
of
their
delivery
.
The
North
also
was
not
a
little
troubled
about
Religion
,
divers
parts
of
York-shire
standing
up
for
the
old
Faith
,
the
flame
brake
out
first
at
Seimer
in
the
North-riding
,
the
Beacons
are
fired
,
and
multitudes
flock
together
,
who
first
murthered
White
a
Gentleman
,
with
some
others
,
whose
naked
body
they
left
upon
the
Wold
before
Seimer
,
then
they
carried
many
prisoners
away
,
and
being
now
increased
to
three
thousand
began
to
grow
formidable
;
but
when
the
Kings
pardon
came
,
Ombler
a
yeoman
,
and
Dale
a
Parish-clerk
,
the
chief
Ring-leaders
,
were
forsaken
by
the
multitude
,
and
shortly
after
with
some
others
were
executed
at
York
.
Not
onely
is
the
Country
disquieted
,
but
the
Court
also
by
the
Kings
two
uncles
Queen
Ianes
brothers
,
to
wit
,
Edward
Duke
of
Sommerset
the
elder
,
and
Protector
of
the
Kings
person
and
Kingdome
;
and
Thomas
Lord
Seymour
the
younger
,
Admiral
,
who
married
Katherine
Par
King
Henries
last
wife
:
she
striving
for
precedencie
with
the
Protectors
Dutchesse
,
raised
such
a
Tragedy
,
that
Lord
Thomas
is
accused
,
attainted
and
condemned
of
Treason
,
and
under
his
brothers
hand-writing
,
beheaded
on
the
Tower-hill
for
purposing
to
destroy
the
King
,
and
to
translate
the
Crown
to
himself
:
shortly
after
this
seventeen
Counsellors
,
and
many
Lords
accuse
the
Protector
of
ambition
,
misgovernment
,
pride
,
sedition
,
and
divers
treasons
,
for
which
they
desire
the
Londoners
help
to
remove
the
King
from
him
;
the
Protectors
party
on
the
other
side
,
desire
the
Londoners
aid
against
these
mutinous
Lords
:
in
their
assembly
the
Citizens
were
divided
,
till
the
Recorder
stood
up
,
and
told
them
what
danger
it
might
be
to
act
any
thing
against
the
King
,
as
the
Londoners
once
did
by
aiding
the
Barons
against
King
Henry
the
3.
for
which
they
lost
their
priviledges
,
therefore
he
adviseth
them
to
petition
the
King
that
complaints
may
be
heard
against
the
Protector
;
whereupon
the
King
is
sent
to
,
the
Protector
commanded
from
his
presence
and
sent
to
the
Tower
,
where
he
is
accused
by
the
Kings
Counsellors
for
acting
without
the
assent
of
the
last
Kings
Executors
,
for
subverting
Laws
,
and
stopping
of
Justice
,
for
releasing
divers
traytors
and
murtherers
out
of
prison
,
for
making
Captains
under
his
own
seal
,
for
communicating
alone
with
foreign
Ambassadors
about
matters
of
State
,
for
threatning
the
Privy-counsellors
who
dissented
in
any
thing
from
him
;
for
erecting
a
Court
of
Requests
in
his
own
house
;
for
selling
of
Offices
,
Bishopricks
and
some
of
the
Kings
lands
without
consent
;
for
commanding
multiplication
by
Alonmistry
,
to
the
abuse
of
the
Kings
Coyn
;
for
setting
forth
Proclamations
against
inclosures
,
causing
thereby
divers
insurrections
;
for
giving
Commissions
against
law
,
concerning
Commons
,
High-wayes
,
and
Cottages
;
for
not
suppressing
the
Rebels
,
and
for
encouraging
divers
of
them
;
and
for
setting
forth
Proclamations
in
favour
of
them
;
for
neglecting
the
Forts
of
New-haven
and
Blacknesse
;
for
sowing
discord
among
the
Lords
,
and
incensing
the
king
against
them
;
and
lastly
,
for
accusing
the
Lords
of
high-treason
,
because
they
consulted
how
to
have
these
abuses
reformed
.
The
protector
notwithstanding
these
accusations
,
is
by
the
king
set
at
liberty
,
though
not
restored
to
his
former
dignity
,
and
so
he
remained
untouched
two
years
:
Mean
while
the
Lord
Grey
was
not
idle
in
Scotland
,
but
took
in
some
forts
;
before
him
one
Newton
and
Hamilton
fought
a
duel
,
accusing
each
other
for
some
opprobrious
words
uttered
against
king
Edward
,
Hamilton
is
slain
,
and
Newton
rewarded
with
a
gold
Chain
and
the
Lord
Grey's
Gown
:
But
not
long
after
,
the
English
by
the
Scots
and
French
are
totally
driven
out
of
Scotland
,
and
all
the
Forts
retaken
by
them
.
The
French
also
attempt
to
surprise
Bulloignebergh
,
but
were
prevented
by
one
Carar
an
English
souldier
,
who
discovered
the
plot
;
many
of
the
French
were
slain
in
the
attempt
,
so
that
fifteen
waggons
went
away
laden
with
dead
bodies
:
after
this
they
attempt
the
I●…les
of
Iersey
and
Gernsey
,
but
were
repulsed
with
the
losse
of
one
thousand
of
their
men
,
which
made
them
ashamed
to
divulge
this
expedition
.
But
not
long
after
,
the
French
obtain
by
surrender
,
Hamiltonne
,
Blacknesse
,
Balloignebergh
,
and
Bulloigne
it self
.
About
this
time
the
sweating
sicknesse
The
Duke
of
Sommerset
is
now
again
apprehended
,
after
he
had
married
his
eldest
son
the
Lord
Lisle
to
the
Earl
of
Warwicks
daughter
,
which
Earl
had
been
his
greatest
enemy
;
who
now
by
Sommersets
means
is
made
Duke
of
Northumberland
;
but
is
accused
notwithstanding
by
Warwick
and
the
other
Counsellors
,
for
wearing
a
coat
of
defence
under
his
garment
at
the
Counsel-Table
,
as
if
he
intended
the
death
of
some
Counsellour
;
wherefore
he
is
attached
,
Anthony
Browns
riding
towards
the
Scaffold
;
the
people
thinking
a
Pardon
had
been
come
,
for
which
they
were
glad
;
but
the
Duke
desired
them
to
be
quiet
,
that
he
might
die
without
trouble
;
and
praying
for
the
prosperity
of
the
King
and
his
Councel
,
laid
down
his
head
to
the
Axe
.
The
king
takes
the
Dukes
death
so
much
to
heart
,
that
he
fell
into
a
Consumption
:
Mean
while
,
to
alter
the
succession
of
the
Crown
,
three
marriages
are
solemnized
in
one
day
:
betwixt
Dudley
Northumberlands
fourth
son
,
and
Iane
,
Suffolks
eldest
daughter
;
the
other
was
betwixt
Herbert
,
Pembroks
heire
,
and
Catherine
,
Suffolks
youngest
daughter
;
the
third
between
Hastings
,
Huntingtons
heir
,
and
Catherine
,
Northumberlands
youngest
daughter
.
Iane
the
eldest
daughter
of
Suffolk
was
thought
fittest
for
the
Crown
,
to
whom
king
Edward
left
it
by
his
Will
,
being
perswaded
thereto
by
those
who
would
have
disinherited
Mary
and
Elizabeth
.
This
was
subscribed
by
the
Kings
Council
,
the
Lords
,
the
Bishops
,
and
Judges
;
onely
Sir
Iames
Hales
Justice
of
the
Common-Pleas
would
not
subscribe
;
shortly
upon
this
the
king
died
.
He
was
a
Prince
,
though
young
,
yet
of
great
hopes
and
parts
;
much
enclined
to
mercy
,
so
that
he
could
hardly
be
induced
to
set
his
hand
to
the
Warrant
of
Ioan
Butchers
execution
,
a
notable
Heretick
,
till
he
was
urged
thereto
by
Cranmer
his
God-father
,
and
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
;
He
was
very
zealous
for
the
Protestant
Religion
,
so
that
he
could
not
be
moved
by
Charls
the
Emperour
,
to
give
way
that
the
Lady
Mary
should
have
Masse
said
in
her
house
,
but
wept
when
he
was
urged
to
it
;
and
wrote
a
passionate
letter
to
his
sister
,
disswading
her
to
continue
in
her
Catholick
resolution
.
Upon
a
Sermon
which
Dr.
Ridley
preached
before
him
,
concerning
mercy
to
be
shewed
by
rich
men
to
the
poore
,
he
was
so
touched
in
conscience
,
that
he
conferred
after
dinner
with
the
Doctor
of
some
way
,
whereby
he
might
doe
most
good
to
the
poore
;
the
Doctor
adviseth
him
to
take
directions
from
London
:
The
king
upon
this
writes
to
the
Lord
Major
about
this
businesse
,
and
sends
his
letter
by
Bishop
Ridley
,
who
having
conferred
with
the
Major
and
his
Brethren
,
returns
to
the
King
with
the
Cities
advice
:
Hereupon
,
he
gives
to
them
St.
Bartholmews
Hospital
by
Smithfield
,
and
the
Gray-Friers
Church
neer
to
it
,
with
all
its
revenews
;
also
his
house
of
Bridewell
(
new
built
by
king
Henry
for
the
reception
of
the
Emperor
)
to
be
a
House
of
Correction
for
idle
and
dissolute
persons
:
He
gave
also
the
Hospital
of
Saint
Thomas
in
Southwark
,
with
seven
hundred
Marks
by
year
out
of
the
rents
of
the
Hospital
of
Saint
Iohn
Baptist
or
the
Savoy
,
with
bedding
and
other
furniture
;
other
charitable
works
he
also
did
,
and
then
To
him
succeeded
his
sister
Queen
Mary
;
but
the
Statesmen
concealed
his
death
two
dayes
,
intending
Iane
should
succeed
,
as
being
more
firm
to
Protestantisme
then
Mary
;
for
this
cause
the
Counsel
sends
for
the
Major
of
London
,
six
Aldermen
and
twelve
Commoners
,
who
all
swear
for
the
Lady
Iane
:
But
the
Lady
Mary
hearing
of
this
news
,
writes
to
the
Lords
,
accusing
them
for
concealing
her
brothers
death
;
for
neglecting
her
who
was
next
heire
to
the
Crown
,
ordained
by
act
of
Parliament
,
and
her
fathers
testament
;
therefore
wills
them
to
Proclaim
her
Queen
in
London
,
and
other
towns
:
To
these
letters
the
Lords
made
answer
,
that
according
to
the
last
Kings
Will
,
Iane
daughter
to
Henry
Duke
of
Suffolk
should
succeed
to
the
Crown
;
they
also
put
her
in
minde
of
her
mothers
Divorce
,
and
her
own
illegitimation
;
therefore
they
wish
her
to
desist
from
any
such
claime
:
this
letter
was
subscribed
,
by
the
Archbishop
,
the
Chancellour
,
and
divers
Lords
.
The
Lady
Mary
upon
reception
of
this
letter
removes
to
Freminsham
Castle
,
to
whom
the
Suffolk-men
resorted
first
,
hoping
she
would
establish
Protestantisme
:
The
Lords
at
London
Proclaim
the
kings
death
,
and
Queen
Iane
his
successour
by
his
last
Will
;
but
at
Norwich
Queen
Mary
is
proclaimed
,
and
assisted
by
the
Earls
of
Sussex
,
Bath
,
and
Oxford
,
with
the
Lord
Wentworth
,
and
divers
others
:
To
encounter
these
,
Queen
Iane's
father
is
appointed
with
an
army
to
repair
into
Norfolk
,
which
so
grieved
Queen
Iane
,
that
with
tears
she
got
him
to
stay
;
then
was
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
assigned
Lord
Lieutenant
for
Queen
Iane
,
whom
his
son
had
married
;
he
fearing
the
worst
,
wished
the
Lords
to
be
carefull
of
what
they
went
about
,
and
so
with
six
hundred
men
he
marcheth
out
of
London
through
Shoreditch
,
the
people
shewing
no
signe
of
joy
at
all
,
which
the
Duke
observed
.
Mean
while
the
Lord
Windsore
with
others
,
raise
the
Commons
of
Buckingham-shire
,
and
proclaim
Queen
Mary
;
the
like
is
done
in
Oxford-shire
,
and
Northampton-shire
;
all
these
made
forward
towards
Norfolk
:
besides
six
tall
ships
,
appointed
to
have
taken
the
Lady
Mary
if
she
had
fled
,
being
driven
by
storms
into
Yarmouth
haven
,
revolted
to
Queen
Mary
;
at
the
report
of
this
,
the
Lords
in
the
Tower
began
to
be
afraid
,
and
their
Tenants
to
deny
them
any
aide
;
Northumberland
still
sollicited
the
Lords
for
more
assistance
,
but
little
came
;
Dr.
Ridly
Bishop
of
London
by
command
maintains
Queen
Ianes
cause
in
his
sermon
at
Pauls
Crosse
,
but
could
not
work
upon
the
people
;
which
the
Lords
perceiving
,
fell
off
from
the
Duke
then
at
Bury
,
and
proclaimed
Queen
Mary
in
London
:
the
Duke
willing
to
follow
the
stream
,
returns
to
Cambridge
,
where
being
forsaken
by
most
of
his
souldiers
;
he
proclaims
her
Queen
himself
without
Trumpet
or
Herauld
,
and
in
signe
of
joy
threw
up
his
Cap
:
yet
all
were
pardoned
by
her
,
except
this
Duke
and
Sir
Iohn
Gates
Captain
of
the
guard
:
the
Duke
was
first
arrested
by
a
Sergiant
at
arms
,
and
the
next
morning
by
the
Earle
of
Arundel
,
and
thence
was
conveyed
with
his
three
sons
,
the
Earl
of
Huntington
and
divers
others
to
the
Tower
,
where
also
the
Lady
Iane
and
her
husband
Dudly
were
imprisoned
.
At
the
Queens
entrance
into
the
Tower
,
Thomas
Duke
of
Norfolk
was
released
,
who
had
lain
there
from
the
last
of
Henry
the
eighth
;
so
was
Edward
Lord
Courtney
,
whom
she
makes
Earl
of
Devon-shire
,
Tunstall
Bishop
of
Durham
,
and
Gardiner
of
Winchester
are
released
also
;
Doctor
Ridly
and
some
other
Protestant
Bishops
are
deposed
,
Ridly
,
and
Cranmer
Arch-bishop
,
are
sent
to
the
Tower
;
so
constantly
devoted
she
was
to
the
Catholick
Religion
,
that
her
brother
king
Edward
could
never
work
upon
her
;
nor
any
worldly
respects
alter
her
resolution
:
The
Duke
of
Northumberland
upon
the
Scaffold
renounces
Iohn
Gates
and
Sir
Thomas
Palmer
.
The
Queen
is
crowned
at
Westminster
by
Gardiner
Bishop
of
Winchester
;
the
Lady
Iane
with
her
husband
are
condemned
in
Guild-hall
;
she
was
pittied
,
because
she
was
in
a
manner
forced
to
accept
the
title
of
Queen
;
therefore
she
had
the
liberty
of
the
Tower
,
and
had
been
pardoned
,
but
that
her
father
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
went
about
to
hinder
the
Queens
marriage
,
with
king
Philip
of
Spain
;
and
to
this
purpose
instigates
Leicester-shire
and
Warwick-shire
against
the
match
:
Upon
this
,
the
Earl
of
Huntington
is
sent
who
takes
Coventry
,
and
afterward
the
Duke
,
whom
his
own
servant
betraied
,
and
his
brother
Iohn
Lord
Grey
;
the
other
brother
Lord
Thomas
escaped
,
but
was
retaken
,
and
all
three
sent
to
the
Tower
:
Lord
Gilford
Dudley
is
first
beheaded
,
whose
bleeding
body
was
in
the
sight
of
his
sad
Lady
brought
into
the
Tower
Chappel
;
who
was
the
next
that
suffered
,
and
was
much
lamented
for
her
innocency
:
Judge
Margan
that
condemned
her
,
fell
mad
eleven
dayes
after
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
was
executed
on
the
Tower-hill
,
and
about
two
moneths
after
his
brother
Lord
Thomas
Grey
in
the
same
place
suffered
.
Gardiner
,
now
Lord
Chancellor
,
sets
forth
highly
the
match
with
Spaine
,
to
the
Lords
in
the
Presence
Chamber
;
yet
many
of
them
so
disliked
it
,
that
combinations
were
made
,
and
arms
taken
up
by
Sir
Thomas
Wyat
of
Kent
,
who
at
Maidstone
published
a
Proclamation
against
the
Queens
match
;
from
thence
he
goeth
to
Rochester
,
and
breaks
down
the
Bridge
;
divers
sided
with
Wyat
and
many
in
Kent
were
against
him
,
so
that
the
Country
is
much
divided
.
The
Duke
of
Norfolk
is
sent
to
Gravesend
with
five
hundred
Londoners
to
maintain
the
Queens
cause
:
when
the
two
adverse
factions
met
,
a
cruel
skirmish
ensued
;
but
at
length
the
Queens
party
prevailed
,
and
the
other
fled
;
but
shortly
after
,
the
Duke
by
his
own
treacherous
party
was
so
betrayed
,
that
he
was
forced
to
flie
,
and
leave
behind
him
to
Wyat
eight
brasse
pieces
of
Ordnance
;
with
these
Wyat
assaileth
Cowling-Castle
,
but
was
resisted
by
the
Lord
Cobham
:
Shortly
after
,
he
had
a
Parly
at
Dartford
with
Sir
Edward
Hastings
,
Master
of
the
Horse
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Cornwallis
,
who
demand
of
him
the
cause
of
this
Rebellion
;
he
answers
,
that
he
feared
the
Land
would
be
over-run
by
strangers
:
Then
they
desire
him
to
come
and
communicate
the
cause
before
the
Queen
,
which
he
refused
except
he
might
have
the
custody
of
the
Tower
,
and
the
Queen
in
it
,
with
power
to
place
and
displace
the
Queens
Counsellors
;
to
which
Hastings
replied
,
That
Wyat
and
twenty
thousand
more
should
die
,
before
he
should
have
his
traiterous
demands
granted
;
so
they
parted
,
and
Wyat
approacheth
with
his
forces
towards
London
,
at
which
both
the
Court
and
City
were
afraid
,
who
all
take
Arms
,
even
the
Lawyers
in
Westminster
pleaded
in
harnesse
.
The
Spanish
Ambassadors
steal
away
by
water
.
Mean
while
good
news
came
,
that
the
seditious
Carews
and
Gibs
in
Cornwall
were
defeated
and
fled
;
the
Queen
comes
in
state
to
Guild-hall
,
where
before
the
Maior
,
Aldermen
,
and
chief
Citizens
,
she
made
a
speech
,
declaring
her
right
to
the
Crown
,
the
unreasonablenesse
of
Wyats
demands
,
making
her
marriage
a
cloak
for
his
pretended
purposes
against
her
person
and
dignity
,
she
also
shews
her
true
love
to
them
,
and
that
she
will
not
marry
but
by
their
consent
,
and
for
their
good
,
therefore
she
wisheth
them
to
be
as
careful
of
her
honour
and
safety
,
as
she
will
be
of
their
weal
and
happinesse
;
the
Queen
having
said
,
returns
to
the
Court
,
and
makes
Herbert
Earl
of
Pembroke
her
Field-General
,
and
proffers
a
hundred
pound
land
by
the
year
to
him
that
shall
bring
Wyat
dead
or
alive
,
who
understanding
all
passages
marcheth
toward
London
with
four
thousand
men
,
at
whom
the
White-tower
shot
but
did
no
hurt
;
he
enters
Southwark
peaceably
,
the
people
there
joyning
with
him
;
Winchester
house
is
rifled
contrary
to
his
Proclamation
.
Wyat
having
got
Southwark
,
comes
to
the
Bridge
,
but
finding
the
gate
shut
,
he
planteth
his
Ordnance
against
it
;
the
Lord
Maior
cuts
down
the
draw-bridge
,
and
fortifies
the
City
every
where
,
causing
the
Ordnance
in
the
Tower
to
be
levelled
against
the
Bridge-foot
:
much
Artillery
is
planted
against
Southwark
,
which
made
the
inhabitants
with
teares
to
beseech
Wyat
to
be
gone
,
who
presently
marched
to
Kingston
upon
Thames
,
where
finding
the
bridge
broken
down
,
he
quickly
again
repairs
it
,
and
so
marcheth
to
Branford
;
the
Queens
Army
takes
S.
Iames
fields
;
Wyat
marcheth
towards
Charing-crosse
,
the
Ordnance
playing
upon
each
other
,
but
to
little
purpose
;
the
Lord
Chamberlain
at
Charing-crosse
made
some
resistance
,
but
was
forced
back
to
the
gates
of
White-hall
,
which
were
shut
,
the
Court
being
affrighted
with
a
report
that
the
Lord
General
was
revolted
to
Wyat
,
who
in
the
interim
hasteneth
to
Ludgate
,
but
could
not
there
have
any
admittance
;
some
of
his
straglers
that
had
taken
into
Westminster
,
comming
before
the
Court-gates
,
shot
their
arrows
into
the
garden
and
into
the
windows
,
but
no
hurt
was
done
:
At
Charing-crosse
as
they
were
going
to
joyn
with
Wyat
,
they
are
encountred
by
the
Captain
of
the
guard
and
defeated
,
twenty
of
them
being
slain
;
Wyat
returns
discontented
from
Ludgate
,
and
is
staid
at
Temple-bar
by
some
of
the
Queens
horse
,
some
bickering
there
was
,
but
upon
the
counsel
of
an
Herauld
at
Arms
,
Wyat
submits
to
the
Queens
mercy
,
who
with
Cobham
and
some
others
are
carried
to
the
Court
,
and
thence
to
the
Tower
;
in
London
50
were
hanged
for
Wyats
conspiracy
,
and
400
more
led
through
the
City
to
Westminster
with
halters
about
their
necks
,
who
were
all
pardoned
by
the
Queen
;
Wyat
having
acknowledged
his
offence
upon
the
Scaffold
,
and
exhorted
the
people
to
take
heed
they
rise
not
against
the
higher
powers
,
submits
his
neck
to
the
stroke
of
the
Axe
.
In
Kent
divers
persons
were
executed
for
this
rebellion
;
the
Lord
Courtney
and
Lady
Elizabeth
the
Queeens
sister
are
suspected
as
aiders
unto
Wyat
,
and
therefore
are
sent
to
the
Tower
;
the
Lady
Elizabeth
being
sick
at
Ashridge
,
is
conveyed
away
by
a
Troop
of
horse
to
the
Court
,
where
she
was
for
a
forthnight
in
the
nature
of
a
prisoner
,
none
being
suffered
to
visit
her
but
they
that
kept
the
door
;
she
was
accused
by
Bishop
Gardiner
and
nine
more
of
the
Councel
,
that
she
was
privy
to
Wyats
conspiracy
,
and
the
stirs
in
the
West
,
all
which
she
constantly
denied
;
then
they
told
her
she
must
go
to
the
Tower
,
at
which
she
was
much
troubled
,
desiring
the
Lords
that
they
would
mediate
for
her
;
but
about
an
houre
after
her
attendants
are
discharged
,
except
her
Gentleman-usher
,
three
Gentlewomen
,
and
two
Grooms
of
his
chamber
,
and
withall
a
strict
guard
is
set
over
her
;
the
next
day
she
is
commanded
to
the
Tower
,
and
her
Barge
was
ready
for
her
;
she
desires
to
stay
till
the
next
tide
,
which
was
denied
her
,
then
she
intreats
so
much
time
as
to
write
a
letter
to
the
Queen
,
one
of
the
two
Lords
that
came
to
her
would
not
yeeld
to
her
request
,
but
the
Earl
of
Sussex
granted
it
,
and
promised
to
deliver
it
with
his
own
hand
to
the
Queen
;
in
the
interim
the
tide
was
spent
,
and
they
durst
not
trust
her
to
the
next
tide
,
which
fell
out
in
the
night
,
for
fear
she
might
be
forcibly
taken
from
the
guard
;
therefore
the
next
day
being
Palmsunday
,
and
the
Londoners
then
all
at
Church
,
she
is
conveyed
to
her
Barge
,
casting
her
eyes
towards
the
windows
as
she
passed
through
the
garden
,
hoping
some
would
pity
her
;
such
haste
was
made
to
have
her
away
,
that
they
would
not
stay
till
the
water
was
level
,
whereupon
as
she
passed
the
Arch
,
the
stern
of
the
boat
struck
against
the
ground
,
so
that
she
was
forced
to
step
into
the
water
before
she
could
come
to
the
stairs
.
When
she
entred
the
Tower
,
she
rested
her self
a
while
upon
a
cold
stone
in
the
rain
,
and
then
was
put
into
a
room
which
was
locked
and
bolted
upon
her
,
so
with
her
family
she
went
to
prayer
;
the
Lords
would
have
had
her
been
a
close
prisoner
,
but
the
Lord
Sussex
would
not
yeeld
to
it
;
then
after
two
dayes
it
was
commanded
she
should
have
Masse
in
her
lodgings
:
Winchester
with
some
others
of
the
Councel
examined
here
in
the
Tower
of
the
talk
she
had
with
Sir
Iames
Croft
a
prisoner
,
and
of
her
removing
from
Ashridge
to
Dunnington-Castle
,
and
of
such
other
frivolous
matters
,
at
which
the
Lord
of
Arundel
was
offended
that
she
should
be
vexed
thus
causelessely
:
growing
sickly
in
her
close
prison
for
want
of
aire
,
liberty
was
given
her
to
walk
in
the
Queens
lodgings
,
and
in
the
garden
,
all
prisoners
being
inhibited
to
look
that
way
whilst
she
was
there
;
she
took
delight
in
a
little
boy
that
brought
her
flowers
every
day
,
but
upon
suspicion
the
boy
might
convey
letters
between
her
and
the
Lord
Courtney
,
he
was
kept
from
her
;
some
of
her
enemies
had
got
a
warrant
to
be
signed
for
her
execution
,
at
which
Mr.
Bridges
the
Lieutenant
being
troubled
,
went
to
the
Queen
to
know
her
further
pleasure
therein
,
who
denied
she
knew
of
any
such
warrant
,
blamed
the
doers
,
and
gave
a
contrary
command
:
but
shortly
after
the
Constable
is
discharged
,
and
Sir
Henry
Bennifield
was
placed
in
his
room
;
she
was
not
long
after
removed
from
the
Tower
to
Richmond
,
where
upon
the
removal
of
her
servants
,
and
placing
of
souldiers
about
her
,
she
thought
she
should
have
died
that
night
,
but
the
Lord
Tame
who
then
attended
her
,
assured
her
of
the
contrary
.
From
Richmond
she
is
conveyed
to
Woodstock
;
the
people
who
wished
her
well
,
not
being
suffered
to
salute
or
pray
for
her
;
some
were
put
in
the
stocks
for
ringing
the
bells
,
hoping
she
had
been
delivered
:
when
she
was
at
Woodstock
,
it
was
suspected
that
some
Ruffians
had
been
sent
to
murther
her
,
but
they
could
not
have
any
accesse
to
her
;
one
night
(
whether
accidentally
or
purposely
it
was
not
known
)
her
lodgings
took
fire
,
to
the
great
endangering
of
her
person
;
so
comfortlesse
was
her
life
to
her
,
that
one
day
seeing
a
maid
milking
her
kine
in
the
Park
,
she
wished
that
her self
was
a
milk-maid
.
Queen
Mary
shortly
after
her
Coronation
called
a
Parliament
at
Westminster
,
and
a
Convocation
in
S.
Pauls
Church
,
where
she
commanded
a
disputation
Cranmer
,
Ridly
and
Latimer
,
sometime
Bishops
,
were
sent
to
Oxford
to
dispute
upon
the
same
points
,
but
these
three
at
the
end
of
the
disputation
are
condemned
to
die
,
and
were
burned
as
hereticks
:
at
London
a
Rain-bow
inversed
,
and
two
Suns
at
once
were
seen
,
which
were
held
bad
presages
of
the
marriage
with
Spain
,
much
disliked
by
the
people
;
but
the
queen
gave
order
that
London
and
other
places
should
be
informed
of
the
benefits
which
would
accrue
to
this
Kingdome
by
that
match
;
the
Earl
of
Bedford
and
the
Lord
Fitz-waters
were
sent
into
Spain
to
conduct
King
Philip
,
the
Lord
Admiral
with
eight
and
twenty
ships
secured
the
seas
,
Philip
with
a
Navy
of
150.
sail
arrived
in
England
,
and
lands
in
Southampton
,
he
was
the
first
of
the
fleet
that
landed
,
all
the
way
as
he
went
he
bare
his
naked
sword
in
his
hand
;
but
before
he
went
to
his
lodging
,
he
betook
himself
to
his
devotions
in
Holy-Roods
Church
,
the
like
he
did
at
Winchester
;
the
Earl
of
Arundel
Steward
of
the
Queens
house
presents
him
with
the
Garter
,
and
the
Maior
with
the
keyes
of
Southampton
;
the
Queen
meets
him
at
Winchester
,
where
these
Articles
were
agreed
on
:
1.
That
Philip
should
be
stiled
King
of
England
during
the
Matrimony
,
but
not
dispose
of
any
lands
or
offices
.
2.
That
Mary
should
be
Queen
of
the
dominions
of
Spain
.
3.
That
her
dowry
should
be
yearly
sixty
thousand
pounds
Flemish
.
4.
That
their
issue
male
or
female
should
succeed
according
to
the
Laws
.
5.
That
if
Charles
the
Infant
of
Spain
died
issuelesse
,
then
the
eldest
son
of
this
Matrimony
should
succeed
in
all
the
dominions
of
Charles
the
Emperor
.
6.
That
the
dominions
of
the
Low-countries
and
Burgundy
should
be
excluded
from
the
said
Charles
his
issue
if
they
remained
,
and
should
be
enjoyed
by
the
eldest
born
of
this
marriage
,
without
further
claim
to
any
other
dominions
of
Spain
.
7.
That
the
eldest
female
of
this
marriage
,
for
want
of
male
,
should
possesse
these
dominions
,
provided
she
marry
a
Nobleman
either
of
Belgium
or
of
England
.
8.
That
the
eldest
daughter
of
King
Philip
and
queen
Mary
should
succeed
to
the
Realms
of
England
,
Spain
and
Belgium
.
9.
That
these
several
dominions
be
governed
by
their
Natives
.
10.
That
a
firm
peace
be
concluded
betwixt
these
Nations
for
ever
.
Besides
these
generals
,
the
King
articles
,
That
he
will
bestow
no
English
preferments
on
strangers
,
That
his
Court
shall
be
replenished
with
natives
of
the
land
;
That
he
shall
not
violate
any
priviledges
of
England
;
That
he
shall
not
carry
the
Queen
out
of
her
Kingdome
without
her
consent
,
nor
her
children
,
but
by
the
assent
of
the
Lords
;
That
if
he
die
issuelesse
,
the
succession
shall
come
to
the
nex
heir
;
That
he
suffer
not
to
be
carried
away
the
Jewels
of
the
Crown
,
neither
guns
,
nor
any
furniture
of
war
;
And
lastly
,
That
he
shall
not
entangle
England
with
the
wars
of
his
father
,
and
the
French
King.
Queen
Mary
,
to
be
better
directed
in
matters
of
Religion
,
sends
for
her
kinsman
Cardinal
Pool
,
the
son
of
Margaret
Countesse
of
Salisbury
,
the
onely
daughter
of
George
Duke
of
Clarence
,
King
Edward
the
4.
second
brother
,
he
had
been
bred
in
Oxford
,
and
made
Dean
of
Exeter
by
K.
Henry
,
at
Padua
he
studied
seven
years
,
where
understanding
the
King
had
cast
off
the
Pope
,
refused
to
return
into
England
,
wherefore
he
is
proclaimed
Traitor
and
his
Denary
taken
from
him
,
to
recompence
which
losse
,
the
Pope
made
him
a
Cardinal
;
he
did
sollicite
foreign
Princes
against
King
Henry
,
for
which
he
not
being
able
to
be
revenged
on
Pool
,
wracks
his
anger
on
his
mother
,
being
now
eighty
years
old
,
whom
he
caused
to
lose
her
head
;
then
he
was
made
Legate
of
Viterbion
,
and
is
appointed
by
Pope
Paul
the
third
to
be
one
of
his
Vicegerents
in
the
Council
of
Trent
;
he
was
afterwards
chosen
Pope
,
but
being
accused
by
Cardinal
Caraffa
,
as
a
favourer
of
Protestants
,
he
cleared
himself
,
and
was
chosen
again
;
but
he
not
being
nimble
enough
to
strike
the
Iron
while
it
was
hot
,
the
Cardinal
de
Monte
,
afterward
Iulius
the
third
,
steps
between
him
and
the
Papal-chaire
,
who
caused
Caraffa
to
ask
Poole
forgivenesse
;
then
Poole
retires
to
Verona
,
where
in
the
Monastery
of
Saint
Bennet
,
of
which
order
he
was
both
Professor
and
Patron
,
he
resides
a
while
.
Shortly
after
this
,
Queen
Mary
sends
for
him
into
England
,
for
she
had
been
bred
under
the
Countesse
his
mother
,
and
he
was
also
of
the
blood
royal
,
which
put
him
in
some
hopes
he
might
change
his
Hat
for
a
Crown
:
But
Caesar
mistrusting
his
intent
,
kept
him
back
,
till
the
match
was
concluded
between
his
son
and
Queen
Mary
.
Caraffa
being
now
Pope
,
sends
Friar
Peto
to
discharge
Poole
of
his
Legative
power
,
which
much
incensed
the
Queen
;
so
that
the
forbids
Peto
to
enter
the
land
,
till
the
Pope
and
Poole
were
reconciled
:
The
queen
caused
all
the
acts
made
by
king
Henry
against
Poole
to
be
repealed
,
and
the
house
of
Parliament
upon
their
petition
to
him
is
absolved
,
and
received
again
into
the
bosome
of
the
Church
:
All
the
ancient
Ceremonies
of
the
Church
are
restored
again
,
and
all
Church-livings
that
had
been
assumed
to
the
Crown
;
The
queen
affirming
,
that
she
preferred
her
souls
happinesse
to
ten
kingdoms
.
Though
queen
Mary
was
pious
and
zealous
in
her
Religion
,
yet
many
barbarous
cruelties
were
by
her
Officers
exercised
on
Protestants
,
her
power
in
this
case
being
much
abused
;
so
that
five
Bishops
,
one
and
twenty
Divines
,
eight
Gentlemen
,
eighty
four
Artificers
,
besides
many
others
,
even
women
and
children
,
were
cruelly
put
to
death
;
many
were
forced
to
fly
the
land
,
amongst
whom
was
Catherine
Dutchesse
of
Suffolk
,
who
had
married
Richard
Bartie
Esquire
,
these
were
persecuted
by
Bishop
Gardiner
,
because
she
had
persecuted
him
and
other
Papists
in
king
Edwards
dayes
;
she
was
forced
to
go
disguised
on
ship-board
,
with
her
young
daughter
,
her
husband
being
gone
away
before
:
she
suffered
much
by
storms
at
sea
,
and
more
by
want
,
persecution
,
and
cold
on
the
land
,
in
those
places
of
Belgium
and
Germany
where
she
travelled
;
till
she
was
relieved
with
her
husband
and
childe
,
by
Perusel
a
Minister
in
Wiesel
:
After
this
,
they
endured
much
more
hardship
,
till
they
got
into
Poland
,
where
they
staid
till
queen
Maries
death
.
Queen
Mary
being
supposed
to
be
with
childe
,
caused
Te
Deum
to
be
sung
,
and
solemn
prayers
made
for
her
safe
delivery
;
in
hope
of
which
,
Mid-wives
,
Rockers
,
and
all
things
else
were
provided
.
An
act
was
made
,
that
king
Philip
should
be
Protector
of
her
issue
and
realm
;
but
yet
king
Philip
had
no
great
confidence
that
his
queen
was
with
childe
,
nor
dust
he
trust
the
English
,
or
think
that
they
could
be
kind
to
strangers
,
who
were
so
cruel
to
their
own
Princes
,
for
he
found
that
the
Lord
Paget
and
some
others
had
consulted
to
cut
off
the
Lady
Elizabeths
head
;
therefore
in
compassion
to
her
,
he
never
gave
off
,
till
he
got
the
queen
to
set
her
at
liberty
;
so
she
is
brought
to
Hampton
Court
,
where
after
fourteen
daies
she
was
admitted
into
the
queens
chamber
;
there
falling
on
her
knee
,
she
prayed
for
her
,
and
declared
her
loyalty
to
her
Majesty
,
which
the
queen
questioned
,
and
checked
her
for
not
acknowledging
her
offence
;
but
she
still
pleaded
for
her
own
innocency
:
seven
daies
after
the
Lady
was
discharged
of
Benefield
her
Jailour
,
her
maids
are
sent
to
the
Tower
;
and
Gardiner
died
shortly
after
.
About
this
time
,
one
Fetherstone
a
Millers
son
gave
out
,
that
he
was
king
Edward
6.
but
being
taken
at
Eltham
in
Kent
,
he
was
brought
to
Hampton
Court
,
where
being
found
by
his
simple
answers
little
better
then
frantick
,
is
sent
to
the
Marshalsie
,
and
from
thence
with
a
paper-crown
on
his
head
to
Westminster
,
and
from
thence
whipped
to
Smith-field
,
and
then
banished
into
the
North
:
but
the
next
year
falling
into
the
same
madnesse
,
is
apprehended
,
condemned
of
treason
and
hanged
at
Tybur
.
The
time
of
Queen
Maries
deliverance
being
come
,
it
was
given
out
that
a
Prince
was
born
,
which
caused
great
joy
and
triumph
,
both
in
London
and
Antwerp
;
but
all
this
came
to
nothing
,
for
she
was
never
with
childe
:
Hereupon
King
Philip
,
in
anger
,
went
over
the
Seas
,
pretending
to
visit
his
father
,
and
to
take
possession
of
Belgium
,
where
he
staid
one
year
and
a
half
,
to
Queen
Thomas
Stafford
dispersed
slanderous
books
against
the
Queen
,
and
by
stealth
took
the
Castle
of
Scarborough
,
incensing
the
people
against
her
;
but
he
was
suppressed
by
Thomas
Piercy
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
and
sent
to
London
,
where
he
was
beheaded
.
About
this
time
,
Charls
Caesar
called
his
son
Philip
into
Brussels
,
where
he
resigns
to
him
all
his
dominions
,
counselling
him
to
entertain
peace
with
the
French
,
for
the
general
good
of
Christendome
;
Upon
the
taking
of
this
town
,
the
English
grew
secure
,
and
negligent
of
Calice
,
so
that
the
Duke
of
Guise
with
great
celerity
approached
the
English
frontier
,
under
colour
to
victual
Boloigne
and
Ard
,
he
divided
his
Army
into
two
parts
;
the
one
he
sends
to
Ricebank
,
whilest
the
other
battered
two
forts
at
once
,
which
they
wan
in
twelve
houres
space
;
Ricebank
is
also
abandoned
by
the
English
,
and
left
to
the
Guise
:
then
the
Duke
batters
the
walls
of
Calice
three
dayes
together
,
and
made
a
great
breach
,
He
planted
also
fifteen
double
Cannons
against
the
Castle
;
they
within
finding
themselves
too
weak
,
thought
to
blow
up
the
French
with
Gun-powder
,
as
they
entred
,
but
the
train
would
take
no
fire
,
being
wet
with
the
drops
of
water
that
fell
from
the
French-mens
cloths
,
having
waded
through
the
ditch
;
so
that
they
got
the
Castle
,
with
the
death
of
Ager
Marshal
of
the
Town
,
his
son
and
heir
,
and
eighty
English
more
.
The
Lord
Wentworth
,
Deputy
of
the
Town
,
sent
to
the
Castle
for
a
parly
,
which
was
granted
,
and
these
Articles
agreed
on
.
1.
That
the
Town
with
the
Artillery
,
Victuals
,
and
Munition
should
be
yeelded
freely
to
the
French.
2.
That
the
lives
of
the
Inhabitants
shall
be
saved
.
3.
That
the
Deputy
with
fifty
others
remain
prisoners
till
they
pay
their
ransom
.
The
English
were
shut
up
in
two
Churches
,
where
they
remain
a
whole
day
and
night
without
meat
or
drink
.
The
Duke
commanded
that
all
their
plate
,
mony
and
jewels
be
laid
on
the
altars
,
upon
pain
of
death
;
so
the
Town
was
voided
of
five
hundred
ordinary
souldiers
,
of
townsmen
women
and
children
four
thousand
and
two
hundred
,
and
all
these
stript
of
the
wealth
they
had
been
long
in
gathering
:
In
the
space
of
eight
dayes
wa●…
this
Town
lost
,
which
cost
king
Edward
3.
eleven
moneths
siege
,
and
had
been
possessed
by
the
English
two
hundred
and
eleven
years
,
fifty
prisoners
are
sent
away
into
France
.
King
Philip
being
sollicited
by
Queen
Mary
to
recover
this
lost
honour
,
makes
an
attempt
upon
Brest
,
and
takes
Thermes
the
new
Captain
of
Calice
prisoner
;
yet
Calice
could
not
be
regained
,
which
so
grieved
Queen
Mary
,
that
she
said
,
The
losse
of
Calice
was
written
in
her
heart
,
and
might
be
therein
read
when
her
body
should
be
opened
.
The
losse
of
this
Town
,
and
long
absence
of
king
Philip
,
increased
her
melancholy
,
which
ended
in
a
feaver
that
was
her
death
,
at
CHAP.
XXXII
.
The
English
History
,
interwoven
with
the
History
of
Spain
,
France
,
Ireland
,
and
Netherlands
,
under
Queen
Elizabeth
,
from
1558.
till
1602.
QUeen
Elizabeth
succeeded
,
being
twenty
four
years
old
.
She
presently
A
peace
being
on
foot
between
France
and
Spain
,
the
Queen
interposeth
for
England
,
and
demands
restitution
of
Calice
,
being
lost
not
in
the
quarrel
of
England
,
but
of
king
Philip
,
against
the
will
of
the
English
Councel
.
It
was
alleadged
,
that
great
sums
of
money
for
arrearages
were
due
to
the
English
from
the
French
king
,
all
which
the
Queen
was
willing
to
remit
,
conditionally
that
Calice
may
be
restored
,
without
which
restitution
no
peace
could
be
concluded
between
England
and
France
;
it
was
at
length
agreed
,
that
Calice
should
remain
French
for
eight
years
,
and
then
return
to
the
English
,
upon
forfeiture
of
five
hundred
thousand
Crowns
,
but
neither
the
one
nor
the
other
were
ever
performed
.
The
Lord
Wentworth
Deputy
of
Calice
,
was
arraigned
at
Westminster
for
the
losse
of
the
Town
,
but
was
acquitted
by
his
Peers
.
The
oath
of
Supremacie
is
offered
to
the
Clergy
:
in
place
of
Poole
deceased
,
Porker
is
made
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
:
the
Monasteries
are
again
suppressed
,
and
Images
abolished
:
then
care
is
taken
for
refining
the
Coyn
,
and
for
furnishing
the
kingdome
with
munition
,
armour
,
and
powder
.
The
French
king
,
in
favour
of
his
son
the
Dolphin
,
and
Queen
Mary
of
Scotland
,
caused
their
right
to
the
Crown
of
England
to
be
proclaimed
at
Paris
,
commanding
England
to
be
put
among
their
Titles
,
and
the
Arms
thereof
to
be
impaled
with
Scotland
and
France
,
in
their
Seals
,
Plate
,
and
Tapistry
:
but
afterward
upon
Articles
of
Accord
between
England
,
Scotland
and
France
,
it
was
agreed
,
that
the
Arms
and
Titles
of
England
and
Ireland
should
not
thenceforth
be
used
by
the
French
king
,
nor
his
Queen
of
Scotland
.
Gustavus
King
of
Sweden
proposeth
a
Match
between
his
eldest
Son
Ericus
and
Queen
Elizabeth
,
which
suit
afterward
was
renewed
by
Ericus
himselfe
being
King
,
but
is
both
times
rejected
by
Queen
Elizabeth
.
Who
sends
aid
first
into
Scotland
for
supporting
of
the
Protestant
religion
,
then
into
France
New-haven
,
Roan
and
Deep
,
under
the
command
of
Ambrose
Dudley
Earl
of
Warwick
,
who
is
assisted
by
some
Scots
forces
from
Deep
:
but
New-haven
,
after
eleven
moneths
possession
,
About
the
same
time
Ireland
rebels
under
Shan
or
Iohn
O-Neal
,
who
claimed
an
hereditary
right
to
the
Province
of
Ulster
,
as
the
O-Neals
had
formerly
done
of
all
Ireland
;
for
when
Edward
Bruce
named
himself
king
of
Ireland
,
Donald
O-Neal
stiled
himself
king
of
Ulster
and
heir
of
Ireland
;
but
the
English
quashed
his
title
,
till
in
the
wars
between
York
and
Lancaster
,
they
forsook
Ulster
.
At
this
time
Henry
O-Neale
raised
his
family
,
by
marrying
the
daughter
of
Thomas
Earl
of
Kildare
,
from
whom
issued
Con
O-Neal
,
sirnamed
Bacco
from
his
halting
,
who
cursed
his
posterity
,
if
they
learned
the
English
tongue
,
sowed
wheat
,
or
built
houses
.
But
king
Henry
the
8.
so
crushed
Kildare
,
that
he
submitted
,
and
was
content
to
hold
his
revenues
in
fee
of
the
King
,
with
the
title
of
Earl
of
Tiron
or
Tir-Oen
to
him
,
and
to
Matthew
his
false
reputed
sonne
,
and
to
their
lawfull
heirs
.
Shan
O-Neale
upon
this
murthers
Matthew
,
and
drives
his
father
Con
Bacco
out
of
his
house
and
all
his
possessions
,
so
that
he
died
for
want
and
grief
.
Shan
being
then
chosen
,
and
inaugured
by
an
old
shoe
cast
over
his
head
,
seised
upon
his
fathers
estate
,
and
to
secure
himself
,
he
murthered
Brian
Matthews
eldest
son
,
the
other
two
Hugh
and
Con-mack
escaped
:
so
being
seated
in
Ulster
,
there
he
playes
the
tyrant
,
declaring
that
he
was
the
son
and
heir
of
Con
O-Neal
lawfully
begotten
,
and
that
Matthew
his
supposed
brother
was
a
Black-smiths
son
,
and
was
obtruded
upon
Con
by
his
Concubine
the
said
Smiths
wife
;
he
pleads
also
the
Irish
law
Tanistry
,
whereby
a
man
at
his
full
years
is
to
be
preferred
before
a
boy
,
and
an
uncle
before
a
nephew
.
So
bearing
himself
as
absolute
king
of
Ulster
,
he
overthrew
O-Raily
in
the
field
,
took
O-Donel
prisoner
with
his
wife
and
children
,
and
committed
adultery
with
her
.
This
Shan
hearing
of
the
Lord
Deputies
preparations
against
him
,
went
over
into
England
,
and
humbly
submits
himself
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
who
sends
him
back
upon
promises
of
allegiance
,
and
for
a
while
he
carried
himself
loyal
and
civilly
;
but
afterward
fell
off
again
,
fired
Armach
,
besieged
Dundalk
,
and
spoiled
the
Country
.
Against
him
Sir
Henry
Sidney
then
Deputy
of
Ireland
came
with
seven
Companies
of
foot
and
a
Troop
of
horse
;
O-Neal
in
a
pitch'd
field
is
overthrown
,
and
in
divers
other
skirmishes
so
foiled
,
that
he
purposeth
with
an
halter
about
his
neck
to
submit
himself
to
the
Deputy
:
but
his
Secretary
Mac
Gillespic
and
Alexander
Oge
two
Scots
Captains
,
because
Shan
had
killed
heretofore
this
Alexanders
brother
;
a
few
of
Shans
followers
escaped
by
flight
;
and
so
Ulster
is
freed
from
its
oppression
under
O-Neal
.
The
eight
years
being
expired
for
restitution
of
Calice
to
the
English
,
Sir
Thomas
Smith
is
sent
with
Sir
Henry
Norris
,
to
demand
the
Town
and
Forts
about
At
the
same
time
the
troubles
of
Scotland
were
so
great
,
that
the
King
was
This
execution
made
many
desperate
,
who
in
revenge
of
their
friends
put
to
death
,
gather
head
under
Leonard
Dacres
;
these
neer
to
Naworth
fought
desperatly
with
the
Lord
Hunsdon
,
who
at
last
caused
them
to
give
back
,
and
About
this
time
,
Nicholas
Morton
an
English-man
,
made
Bishop
by
Pope
Pius
Quintus
,
procures
at
Rome
a
Bull
against
queen
Elizabeth
,
whereby
she
is
declared
an
Heretick
,
an
usurper
,
and
uncapable
of
the
Crown
;
therefore
all
her
subjects
are
absolved
from
their
allegiance
to
her
,
and
curses
denounced
against
such
as
should
obey
her
:
this
Bull
was
hanged
up
at
the
Bishop
of
Londons
gate
,
and
had
many
patrons
and
abettors
,
who
came
to
untimely
deaths
;
among
whom
was
Dr.
Story
a
Civilian
,
who
having
escaped
out
of
prison
,
got
over
into
Antwerp
,
where
being
imployed
by
the
Duke
Alva
to
search
all
ships
for
English-bibles
,
was
catcht
by
one
Parker
a
Merchant
,
as
he
Edmund
Campian
;
Robert
Parsons
escaped
.
In
Cornwal
,
Cutbert
Mayne
disswades
the
people
from
obeying
the
Queen
;
In
other
places
,
Nelson
and
divers
others
were
imployed
to
the
same
purpose
:
Thompson
brought
holy-oyle
to
anoint
the
Priests
,
and
Hemford
a
dispensation
from
the
Pope
:
Haidock
was
imployed
to
find
out
the
fittest
landing-place
for
strangers
,
and
to
prepare
aides
at
home
:
Iohn
Pain
with
fifty
more
were
encouraged
to
kill
the
queen
by
a
violent
assault
.
Francis
Throgmorton
was
imployed
by
Mendoza
the
Spanish
Ambassadour
in
London
,
to
collect
the
names
of
the
English
great-men
who
stood
for
the
Catholick
Charls
Paget
:
abroad
divers
were
set
on
work
,
to
sollicite
the
king
of
Spain
to
invade
England
.
The
Duke
of
Guise
undertook
to
be
the
leader
,
if
Rome
and
Spain
would
bear
the
charges
.
Throgmorton
delivers
to
Mendoza
his
chard
of
the
Havens
of
England
,
with
a
list
of
Catholick
aiders
;
Arundel
in
Sussex
was
held
the
fittest
place
for
landing
:
but
Throgmorton
upon
suspition
is
apprehended
,
and
his
study
searched
,
where
were
found
the
list
of
his
Catholicks
,
the
Havens
for
landing
,
with
pedigrees
touching
the
English
Crown
,
and
some
libels
against
the
Queen
;
but
a
casket
with
some
other
things
unknown
were
secretly
conveyed
to
the
Spanish
Ambassadours
.
This
whole
conspiracy
Throgmorton
confesseth
,
&
suffereth
.
William
Parry
for
burglary
was
to
die
,
but
obtained
pardon
from
Q.
Elizabeth
;
yet
afterward
he
went
about
to
take
away
her
life
,
by
pretending
that
he
would
discover
Henry
Percy
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
being
of
Throgmortons
conspiracy
,
was
sent
to
the
Tower
,
where
he
murthereth
himself
by
discharging
a
dag
with
three
bullets
under
his
left
pap
.
There
were
besides
these
,
divers
other
Treasons
hatched
by
the
Earl
of
Arundel
,
Sir
Iohn
Perot
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
Babington
,
Tichburn
,
Ballard
,
and
divers
others
,
some
of
these
suffered
at
Tyburn
;
Babington
,
Charnock
and
Savage
in
Lincolns-Inne-fields
.
Cullen
an
Irish
Fencer
undertook
the
death
of
the
Queen
for
thirty
pounds
,
he
suffered
at
Tyburn
.
Sanders
wrote
against
the
Queen
,
so
did
Creswel
under
the
name
of
Philopater
,
and
Parsons
under
the
title
of
Doleman
concerning
titles
of
the
Crown
.
Dr.
Lopez
the
Portugal
Physitian
for
a
rich
jewel
given
him
by
a
Spanish
Counsellor
,
and
a
promise
of
fifty
thousand
crowns
,
undertakes
to
poyson
the
Queen
by
a
potion
;
but
the
matter
was
not
carried
so
close
as
was
thought
:
Lopez
was
appointed
to
give
the
Queen
physick
,
purposely
to
try
him
,
the
physick
being
brought
,
the
Queen
wisheth
him
to
minister
to
the
Treasurer
Cecil
who
had
more
need
of
physick
then
she
;
when
he
came
to
Cecil
he
is
apprehended
for
a
Traitor
,
the
ingredients
of
his
potion
are
examined
by
other
Doctors
,
and
it
was
found
poyson
;
so
he
is
arraigned
,
and
with
his
two
consorts
hanged
at
Tyburn
.
After
these
,
Yerk
,
Williams
and
others
,
were
animated
at
Bruxels
by
Holt
the
English
Jesuite
to
kill
the
Queen
,
but
the
plot
was
discovered
and
prevented
,
and
the
plotters
hanged
.
The
last
that
publikely
attempted
the
Queens
death
was
Squire
,
first
a
Scrivener
,
and
then
a
Purveyor
in
the
Queens
stable
,
he
being
taken
at
sea
(
as
he
was
sailing
after
Sir
Francis
Drake
)
by
some
Spaniards
,
is
set
upon
by
Walepool
an
English-man
,
to
poyson
the
pommel
of
the
Queens
saddle
,
which
he
did
as
soon
as
he
came
into
England
,
being
exchanged
for
a
Spanish
prisoner
;
but
the
poyson
had
lost
its
vertue
,
for
it
did
no
hurt
neither
to
the
Queen
,
nor
to
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
as
was
intended
;
but
Walepool
hearing
no
news
of
his
plot
,
suspected
Squire
for
a
false
brother
,
and
fearing
he
would
reveal
divers
secrets
,
prevents
him
,
by
dispatching
one
into
England
to
inform
against
Squire
;
this
Informer
at
first
was
not
credited
,
yet
Squire
was
examined
,
and
some
passages
in
his
answer
laid
hold
on
,
which
made
him
be
suspected
,
and
so
upon
advice
of
his
friends
he
confessed
,
and
accordingly
suffered
.
The
thirteenth
year
of
her
Reign
an
Act
was
made
that
none
should
name
Thomas
Howard
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
for
favouring
too
much
the
Scots
cause
,
is
beheaded
on
the
Tower-hill
.
This
year
was
seen
that
strange
Star
or
Comet
in
Cassiopaea
,
it
was
Thomas
Gresham
.
Sir
Martin
Forbusher
made
sail
into
the
North-East-seas
,
further
then
any
other
had
done
;
he
attempted
the
next
year
thirty
leagues
further
,
and
a
third
time
he
assayed
further
.
Sir
Francis
Drake
with
five
ships
,
and
a
hundred
sixty
four
Nova
Albion
at
his
departure
he
erects
a
Plate
of
brasse
as
a
monument
,
wherein
was
engraven
the
Queens
name
,
and
her
picture
,
with
her
Arms
in
a
peece
of
silver
under
the
Plate
;
from
thence
he
came
to
the
Isles
of
Molucco
,
and
thence
to
Iava
Major
,
and
so
to
the
Cape
of
Good-hope
,
and
then
he
fell
with
the
coast
of
Guinea
,
whence
crossing
again
the
line
,
he
came
to
the
height
of
the
Azores
,
and
then
to
England
,
having
been
absent
three
years
wanting
twelve
dayes
;
his
ship
was
laid
up
in
the
And
now
the
English
begin
to
trade
with
the
Muscovites
and
Turks
;
the
Sultan
upon
the
request
of
the
English
Ambassador
made
peace
with
the
Polander
,
which
Sultan
by
his
letter
to
Queen
Elizabeth
inciteth
her
to
make
war
against
Spain
.
Pope
Gregory
the
13.
stirs
up
the
King
of
Spain
,
having
obtained
Thomas
Stukely
,
whom
he
stiled
Marquesse
of
Ireland
;
the
Spaniard
bears
all
the
charge
,
with
the
addition
of
three
hundred
Spaniards
,
and
sends
money
to
raise
four
thousand
men
more
;
these
landed
in
the
County
of
Kerry
,
raised
their
Standart
,
and
built
a
fort
;
by
these
means
Desmond
hoped
to
be
King
of
Ireland
.
The
Lord
Grey
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
with
his
forces
fell
upon
these
strangers
,
and
puts
them
to
the
sword
,
a
few
being
reserved
for
ransomes
:
the
Fort
had
store
of
money
,
armour
,
shot
,
powder
,
and
other
provision
;
all
the
Irish
there
as
well
women
as
men
died
,
and
Desmond
driven
into
the
woods
,
was
in
a
cottage
wounded
by
a
souldier
,
who
at
length
cut
off
his
head
.
The
Earl
of
Essex
is
sent
over
to
reduce
the
wilde
Irish
in
Ulster
,
which
had
been
pretty
quiet
after
the
Queen
had
enacted
,
That
no
man
should
assume
the
name
of
O-Neale
till
Turlogh
Leinigh
,
a
brothers
son
of
Con-More
grand-father
of
Shan-O-Neal
,
of
whom
we
have
spoken
already
.
This
Turlogh
disquieted
the
Scots
of
the
Islands
,
and
slew
Alexander
Oge
,
the
slayer
of
Shan
O-Neal
his
son
in
law
;
Hugh
Baron
of
Duncannon
escaped
from
him
into
England
,
on
whom
the
Queen
bestowed
the
command
of
a
troop
of
horse
,
and
a
thousand
marks
per
annum
,
and
for
his
good
service
against
Desmond
he
obtained
the
title
of
Earl
of
Tir-Oen
;
upon
this
old
Turlogh
resigns
to
him
the
government
of
Ulster
on
certain
conditions
,
chiefly
,
that
they
both
should
joyn
their
forces
to
maintain
the
Roman
Religion
.
Mac-Guyre
encouraged
by
Guaran
Primate
of
Ireland
,
began
first
to
stir
,
but
is
discomfited
by
Sir
Richard
Bingham
,
and
Guaran
slain
in
the
field
.
Mac-Guyre
after
this
flies
out
into
open
Rebellion
,
whom
Tir-Oen
pursueth
and
receiveth
a
wound
in
his
thigh
,
which
made
him
gracious
at
the
English
Court
:
he
procured
Fitz-williams
the
Deputy
to
be
called
home
,
in
whose
place
Sir
William
Russel
is
put
,
whom
he
flatters
with
such
fine
words
,
that
although
the
Marshal
charged
him
with
many
subordinations
of
Mac-Guyre
,
yet
he
was
dismissed
,
to
the
great
discontent
of
the
Queen
,
and
disquietness
of
the
land
.
King
Philip
of
Spain
had
before
this
been
incensed
by
Queen
Elizabeth
,
for
entertaining
the
fugitive
Netherlanders
his
subjects
in
her
Kingdom
,
whom
she
thought
she
could
not
in
honour
banish
,
having
fled
thither
for
the
safety
of
their
lives
,
and
liberty
of
their
consciences
:
She
also
desires
that
Westmerland
,
with
others
of
her
Rebels
should
be
banished
the
Spanish
dominions
.
The
Netherlanders
abhorring
the
Spanish
Inquisition
,
send
to
Queen
Elizabeth
to
protect
them
,
which
at
first
she
seemed
to
be
unwilling
,
as
being
loth
to
provoke
Spain
against
her
,
but
sent
to
King
Philip
to
commiserate
his
afflicted
people
,
which
he
refusing
to
do
,
she
sends
(
being
sollicited
the
second
time
by
the
Netherlanders
)
in
Bullion
the
value
of
forty
thousand
angels
in
part
of
an
hundred
thousand
pounds
promised
,
which
made
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
then
governour
of
Belgium
interpose
himself
in
the
Scottish
affairs
to
disturb
England
.
The
French
to
make
England
surer
to
them
,
send
over
Monsieur
Duke
of
Anjou
the
Kings
brother
,
to
marry
Queen
Elizabeth
,
whom
she
magnificently
entertained
,
but
would
not
assent
to
marry
him
.
The
fame
of
this
Monsieur
was
so
great
,
that
the
Netherlanders
(
having
declared
against
the
tyranny
of
King
Philip
)
chose
him
for
their
Protector
;
but
he
died
not
long
after
in
France
,
and
William
of
Nassaw
is
proclaimed
Traitor
,
his
estate
confiscated
,
and
promised
with
twenty
thousand
crowns
annual
to
him
that
shall
bring
him
dead
or
alive
,
whereupon
he
is
murthered
at
Delph
;
therefore
the
Queen
is
sollicited
again
,
as
also
Henry
the
French
King
for
relief
;
the
Queen
sends
the
Earl
of
Derby
into
France
in
behalf
of
these
Provinces
,
but
he
being
in
danger
of
the
Guise
and
the
League
,
recommends
back
Iohn
Norris
is
sent
over
with
five
thousand
foot
,
and
one
thousand
horse
on
the
Queens
pay
during
the
war
;
for
which
money
,
Flushing
,
Bril
,
two
Sconces
,
and
the
Castle
of
Ramekins
in
Holland
were
pledged
to
the
Queen
.
The
Pope
and
Spaniard
were
highly
displeased
with
the
Queen
,
who
in
two
books
taxe
her
of
ingratitude
to
K.
Philip
who
saved
her
life
,
and
of
intended
murthering
of
the
Prince
of
Parma
,
to
which
an
answer
was
published
,
and
reasons
shewed
why
she
undertook
the
protection
of
these
Provinces
,
because
of
their
scituation
and
vicinity
,
because
of
many
ancient
leagues
between
England
and
the
Dukes
of
Burgundy
,
because
of
the
Spaniards
tyranny
,
and
the
priviledges
those
Countries
have
to
make
choice
of
any
other
head
,
when
they
are
oppressed
by
the
present
governour
,
and
because
Mendoza
practised
with
Throgmorton
to
bring
into
England
foreign
power
.
Things
thus
ordered
,
Robert
Dudly
Baron
of
Denbigh
,
Earl
of
Leicester
,
and
the
Earl
of
Northumberlands
son
,
is
sent
over
as
the
Queens
Deputy-General
,
who
at
the
Hague
took
an
oath
of
the
States
to
the
Queen
,
and
claimed
absolute
authority
over
them
;
at
which
she
was
offended
,
declaring
she
promised
to
be
their
Protector
,
but
not
their
Sovereign
;
mean
while
all
English
ships
and
goods
are
arrested
in
Spain
.
Pope
Sixtus
5.
sends
to
the
Prince
of
Parma
a
consecrated
Sword
,
with
a
Hat.
The
Netherlanders
are
put
in
fear
that
the
Queen
meant
to
make
peace
with
the
Spaniard
without
them
,
but
by
her
letters
she
freed
them
from
this
fear
.
After
this
the
Spaniards
and
English
skirmish
near
Zutphen
,
in
which
though
the
Spaniard
was
worsted
,
Sir
Philip
Sidney
being
In
Leicesters
absence
,
many
disorders
were
committed
by
the
English
;
wherefore
Maurice
the
younger
sonne
of
William
Prince
of
Orange
is
chosen
Governor
.
Buckhurst
is
sent
into
Holland
to
examine
complaints
,
at
which
Leicester
is
offended
,
who
recalls
Sir
Iohn
Norris
,
(
to
the
dislike
of
the
States
)
and
sends
him
into
Ireland
;
then
he
returns
into
Belgium
,
where
he
is
blamed
for
the
surrendring
of
Sluce
;
factions
did
increase
,
and
many
Towns
reject
his
government
;
hereupon
he
is
recalled
into
England
by
the
Queen
,
and
commanded
to
refign
his
government
,
which
done
,
it
is
proclaimed
through
all
the
Provinces
.
Mean
time
king
Philip
is
preparing
of
his
great
Fleet
,
and
withall
bears
the
Queen
in
hand
that
he
aimed
at
a
generall
peace
,
which
she
believed
,
but
could
not
perswade
the
States
to
give
credit
that
he
intended
peace
,
who
was
head
of
the
Holy-league
,
persecuted
Protestants
,
and
was
preparing
of
a
Fleet
;
therefore
they
to
be
in
readinesse
,
fit
their
War-ships
,
and
presse
a
thousand
Sailers
to
aid
her
,
if
need
be
.
Notwithstanding
this
,
Commissioners
The
Queen
demands
a
Cessation
of
arms
,
a
present
Truce
,
a
dismission
of
foraign
souldiers
,
a
restitution
of
the
monies
lent
by
her
to
the
States
,
an
enjoyment
of
their
ancient
Liberties
,
and
a
Toleration
of
Religion
for
two
years
,
and
a
Confirmation
of
the
Articles
of
Gaunt
;
so
she
promiseth
to
deliver
up
the
Towns
again
.
All
these
demands
are
rejected
by
the
Spaniards
.
Meanwhile
Pope
Sixtus
5.
sends
out
his
Bul
to
confirm
the
Excommunications
of
his
two
former
Predecessors
against
the
Queen
;
and
Cardinal
Allen
sets
out
a
bitter
book
,
wherein
he
exhorts
all
to
joyn
with
King
Philip
and
Parma
against
her
:
This
book
the
Queen
sent
to
Parma
,
but
he
slighted
it
off
with
a
complement
.
In
the
interim
it
is
given
out
,
that
King
Philip
had
kept
fifty
thousand
men
in
pay
almost
a
whole
year
,
by
means
of
that
Treaty
:
And
at
last
the
great
Armado
begins
to
appeare
,
in
which
were
72
Gallions
and
Galliasses
,
47
Ships
and
Hulks
,
11
Pinaces
and
Carvals
,
2843
great
Ordnance
,
8094
Sailers
,
18658
Souldiers
,
2088
Gally-slaves
,
220000
Bullets
for
great
shot
,
4200
Kintals
of
Powder
,
200
Kintals
of
Match
,
7000
Muskets
and
Calivers
,
besides
incredible
store
of
other
provisions
,
Bisket
and
Wine
for
sixe
moneths
,
with
Bacon
,
Cheese
,
Flesh
,
Rice
,
&c.
this
Army
cost
king
Philip
thirty
thousand
Ducats
every
day
.
The
Generall
was
the
Duke
of
Medina
,
the
Admiral
Don
Martinez
;
Don
Martin
Alorcon
was
Vicar-general
for
the
Inquisition
,
with
whom
were
an
hundred
Monks
and
Jesuites
;
Cardinal
Allen
is
Superintendent
of
Church-matters
,
he
translates
the
Popes
Bull
into
English
and
sends
it
away
;
In
this
Fleet
were
divers
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
Spain
and
Portugal
.
The
Duke
of
Parma
also
prepared
a
great
Navy
,
with
300
small
Boats
,
and
70
flat-bottom'd
,
every
one
able
to
beare
30
horses
,
with
a
world
of
all
sort
of
furniture
and
provision
:
Neer
Newport
he
had
30
companies
of
Italians
,
2
of
Walloons
,
and
8
of
Burgundians
;
at
Dyxmew
he
had
80
Companies
of
Netherlanders
,
60
of
Spaniards
,
and
60
of
High-Dutch
,
besides
7
of
English.
The
Pope
sends
forth
his
Crusado
,
and
promiseth
a
million
of
gold
,
with
a
proviso
that
he
should
hold
the
English
Crown
as
feudatory
to
the
See
of
Rome
.
To
prevent
this
storm
,
Charles
Howard
High-Admiral
of
England
is
sent
into
the
seas
;
the
Lord
Seymer
with
the
ships
of
Belgium
kept
betwixt
Calice
and
Dover
:
The
Queen
being
advertised
by
the
French
king
,
that
this
fleet
was
for
England
,
caused
all
the
Trained
bands
through
the
kingdome
to
be
mustered
and
in
readinesse
,
the
Earl
of
Leicester
is
made
Lieutenant
over
them
,
Tilbury
i●…
Essex
was
the
place
for
the
Camp
;
there
were
two
and
twenty
thousand
foot
and
sixteen
hundred
horse
;
the
Queens
guard
consisted
of
two
thousand
two
hundred
and
fifty
two
horse
,
and
of
foot
thirty
four
thousand
and
fifty
.
But
the
great
Spanish
Navy
is
so
tossed
with
a
storm
,
that
the
Duke
of
Medina
is
driven
back
into
the
Groine
,
and
eight
other
of
their
ships
dispersed
and
torne
,
besides
three
Portugal
gallies
which
fell
upon
the
coast
of
Bayon
and
were
set
upon
by
their
own
slaves
,
who
freed
themselves
by
the
slaughter
of
many
Spaniards
.
Sir
Francis
Drake
Vice-Admiral
goeth
westward
,
and
joyneth
his
fleet
with
the
rest
,
which
made
up
an
hundred
saile
.
The
Admiral
hearing
in
what
distresse
the
Spanish
fleet
was
,
did
bear
saile
towards
Spain
;
but
the
wind
turning
South
,
he
returns
homeward
and
Anchored
his
fleet
in
Pliniouth
haven
;
the
Spaniards
put
again
to
sea
,
and
at
last
cast
anchor
in
the
Channel
of
the
Narrow-seas
;
some
Pinaces
are
dispatched
to
Parma
,
to
forward
his
charge
for
the
kings
service
:
sudden
news
is
brought
to
the
Admiral
,
that
the
Armado
was
come
,
which
by
reason
of
sicknesse
,
and
the
former
storm
,
was
not
expected
that
year
:
Wherefore
all
hands
are
set
on
work
to
warp
out
the
ships
then
in
the
harbour
,
and
many
of
the
men
on
shore
;
at
length
they
got
out
to
sea
,
and
having
advantage
of
the
wind
,
discharged
their
Cannon
on
the
Spaniards
,
and
were
answered
in
the
same
language
;
the
next
day
,
the
two
fleets
fought
within
musket-shot
;
the
English
Admiral
fell
fiercely
on
the
Vice-admiral
of
Spain
;
a
Gallion
in
which
were
some
Dons
,
was
sorely
battered
by
the
English
,
whose
ships
were
lower
and
nimbler
,
whereas
the
Spanish
high
Vessels
were
fitter
for
defence
then
offence
:
The
next
day
Drake
commands
this
Gallion
to
yeeld
,
Don
Pedro
at
first
refused
,
but
understanding
that
it
was
Drake
,
who
had
him
in
chase
,
came
on
board
his
ship
,
where
after
some
complements
,
he
is
kindely
used
by
Drake
,
and
lodged
in
his
own
Cabbin
;
the
rest
of
that
company
were
sent
to
Plimouth
,
where
they
staid
eighteen
moneths
till
their
ransome
were
paid
;
in
that
ship
were
found
five
and
fifty
Ducats
in
gold
:
that
same
day
Oquendo's
great
Gallion
fell
on
fire
,
the
upper
part
whereof
,
and
most
of
the
persons
were
consumed
,
the
Hulk
was
brought
into
Plimouth
.
Neer
Portland
a
fierce
encounter
was
between
the
English
and
Spaniards
,
wherein
a
great
Venetian
ship
with
some
smaller
were
surprised
.
The
24.
day
of
Iuly
,
a
great
fight
was
between
four
Galliasses
and
the
English
fleet
,
in
which
though
the
Spaniards
were
galled
with
chain
shot
from
our
ships
,
yet
they
had
the
advantage
because
our
powder
failed
;
which
being
supplied
,
our
fleet
is
divided
into
four
squadrons
,
under
four
Commanders
;
namely
,
the
Admiral
,
Drake
,
Hawkins
,
and
Forbisher
.
Iuly
25.
against
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
was
a
cruel
encounter
,
each
discharging
their
whole-sides
.
The
27
of
Iuly
,
the
Spaniards
anchored
in
sight
of
Calice
,
intending
for
Dunkirk
,
there
to
joyn
with
the
Duke
of
Parma
,
to
whom
Medina
sends
to
hasten
his
forces
;
but
the
Spanish
ships
were
so
planked
with
beams
,
that
Bullets
could
not
pierce
them
;
wherefore
eight
English-ships
are
filled
with
powder
,
brimstone
,
and
other
combustible
matter
,
which
Iuly
28
about
midnight
were
let
drive
with
Wind
and
Tide
among
the
Spanish
fleet
;
this
caused
the
Spaniards
,
being
suddenly
affrighted
,
to
cut
their
cables
,
or
else
they
had
been
all
fired
;
in
this
confused
haste
,
one
of
their
Galliasses
of
Naples
fell
foule
on
another
ship
,
and
lost
her
rudder
,
and
so
was
assaulted
by
the
English
on
a
shelve
in
the
shore
of
Calice
;
her
General
Moncado
was
slain
in
the
fight
,
and
many
more
Spaniards
,
many
leaped
into
the
Sea
and
were
drowned
:
In
her
were
four
hundred
souldiers
,
and
three
hundred
slaves
,
which
were
now
freed
from
their
fetters
;
and
a
booty
found
of
fifty
thousand
Ducats
;
the
governour
of
Calice
would
not
suffer
the
vessel
to
be
set
on
fire
.
The
29
of
Iuly
,
over
against
Greveling
,
a
sore
conflict
continued
that
day
,
in
which
a
Gallion
of
Bisca
perished
,
wherein
the
Captains
in
madnesse
killed
each
others
:
Two
great
ships
besides
presently
sunk
;
Francis
de
Toledo
,
with
others
,
committed
themselves
to
the
Skiff
,
and
arrived
at
Ostend
.
The
St.
Philip
a
Gallion
of
Portugal
,
in
which
he
was
,
with
the
souldiers
in
her
,
were
taken
by
the
Plushingers
.
The
St.
Mathew
,
another
Portugal
Gallion
was
so
shot
,
that
her
leaks
could
not
be
stopt
.
Don
Diego
Pimentelli
,
refusing
Medina's
courtesie
,
who
would
have
saved
him
in
a
skiff
,
was
afterward
taken
on
the
coast
of
Flanders
by
five
men
of
war
,
and
carried
into
Zealand
;
In
the
interim
,
Seymer
with
his
squadron
is
sent
to
joyn
with
the
35
ships
of
Holland
,
that
lay
on
the
coast
of
Flanders
to
keep
in
the
Duke
of
Parma
;
but
the
Armado
being
weary
of
fighting
,
spread
their
main-sails
and
put
to
sea
,
the
English
Admiral
following
lest
they
should
put
into
Scotland
,
but
they
bent
their
course
toward
Norway
,
so
about
the
degree
of
latitude
57.
our
Admiral
left
them
.
The
Spaniards
considering
with
themselves
,
how
they
had
lost
five
thousand
of
their
men
,
that
many
maimed
and
sick
souldiers
lay
on
their
hands
,
twelve
of
their
greatest
ships
were
sunk
,
lost
and
taken
,
their
tackling
spoiled
and
anchors
lost
,
their
victuals
failing
and
fresh-water
spent
,
which
made
them
fling
their
horses
and
mules
overboard
,
knowing
also
that
Parma
could
not
,
and
Scotland
would
not
help
them
,
by
reason
of
their
correspondencie
with
England
,
they
held
it
best
to
return
into
Spain
;
so
sailing
between
the
Orcades
,
about
Caithnes
and
the
coast
of
Ireland
,
kept
westward
in
the
main
ocean
,
and
returned
at
length
into
Spain
,
where
the
Duke
is
deposed
from
all
his
authority
and
confined
to
his
house
;
The
residue
of
the
ships
,
about
forty
in
number
,
were
so
battered
on
the
coast
of
Ireland
,
that
divers
of
them
perished
,
amongst
others
Oquendo's
great
Galliasse
and
two
great
ships
of
Venice
,
some
were
driven
on
the
English
,
some
on
the
French
coast
,
and
were
taken
;
so
that
of
134
ships
only
53
returned
to
Spain
,
of
the
whole
fleet
were
missing
81
vessels
,
and
of
30000
souldiers
13500.
above
2000
prisoners
were
taken
in
England
,
Ireland
,
and
Low-Countries
.
All
danger
being
past
,
the
Camp
at
Tilbury
is
disbanded
,
and
not
long
after
Leicester
died
.
The
Queen
on
the
8.
of
September
gives
solemn
thanks
to
God
for
this
Victory
in
S.
Pauls
,
where
on
the
lower
battlements
eleven
Spanish
Ensigns
are
hung
up
,
the
next
day
they
were
spread
upon
London-Bridge
;
the
19.
day
of
November
was
appointed
to
be
kept
holy
throughout
the
Land
;
the
Queen
upon
the
Sunday
following
,
being
the
24.
of
November
,
went
in
state
from
White-Hall
to
S.
Pauls
,
where
at
the
West-door
she
fell
down
on
her
knees
,
giving
solemn
thanks
to
God
,
and
exhorting
the
people
to
the
same
duty
.
The
Zelanders
on
their
Coyn
stamped
the
memorial
of
this
day
and
victory
,
so
did
the
Hollanders
.
It
being
reported
that
king
Philip
was
preparing
a
new
Fleet
to
recover
his
lost
honour
,
It
was
resolved
by
the
Lords
and
Commons
of
England
,
That
an
attempt
be
made
upon
Spain
,
and
aid
given
to
Don
Antonio
the
expulsed
King
of
Portugal
,
who
was
given
out
by
king
Philip
to
be
a
bastard
;
after
he
had
driven
him
out
of
Portugal
,
he
proclaims
eight
hundred
thousand
crowns
to
him
that
should
bring
him
either
dead
or
alive
,
yet
he
was
kept
disguised
eight
moneths
in
Portugal
;
then
he
fled
unto
the
Court
of
France
,
where
he
received
aid
from
the
Queen-mother
,
a
competitor
also
for
the
Portugalcrown
.
A
fleet
is
sent
to
the
Isles
of
Terceres
,
which
by
the
Spaniards
is
overthrown
,
eight
of
the
tallest
French
ships
are
lost
,
and
two
thousand
men
slain
;
divers
Portugal
Captains
for
this
losse
were
imprisoned
as
cowards
.
So
Antonio
having
no
more
hopes
of
France
,
repaires
into
England
,
where
he
desires
the
Francis
Drake
was
Admiral
,
Sir
Iohn
Norris
Generall
for
land-service
,
with
eleven
thousand
souldiers
,
two
thousand
and
five
hundred
mariners
;
these
landing
in
the
Bay
of
Galicia
neer
the
Groin
,
were
encountred
by
the
enemy
neer
the
Town
,
who
forced
them
back
to
their
gates
.
Norris
the
next
day
,
forced
the
Gallies
which
plaied
upon
his
troops
,
to
abandon
the
road
;
the
Base-town
is
surprised
,
five
hundred
that
fled
thence
to
the
rocks
were
slain
;
in
this
Town
was
an
incredible
magazine
of
mony
,
victuals
,
and
arms
provided
against
England
;
the
English
by
immoderate
drinking
of
wine
,
caused
a
great
infection
and
mortality
in
the
army
;
a
great
Gallion
is
set
on
fire
by
overcharging
the
great
ordnance
,
this
burned
two
dayes
together
,
so
that
of
fifty
great
pieces
,
sixteen
only
were
left
;
the
higher
Town
held
out
,
being
built
on
a
rock
;
the
Miners
attempting
to
blow
up
the
walls
,
overthrew
a
part
of
a
tower
,
the
other
part
falling
down
unexpectedly
,
slew
Captain
Sydneham
with
thirty
souldiers
;
after
this
Norri●…
with
nine
Regiments
met
a
Spanish
Army
comming
against
him
,
and
a
hot
skirmish
ensueth
,
in
which
Sir
Edward
Norris
,
with
some
other
Commanders
are
wounded
,
notwithstanding
the
whole
Army
of
Spaniards
was
routed
in
this
service
,
the
Kings
Standard
is
taken
,
which
was
displaied
before
the
General
;
then
returning
to
the
Groine
,
the
English
fired
the
base
Town
,
and
so
put
again
to
sea
,
the
Earl
of
Essex
meets
with
the
fleet
,
and
they
all
land
in
Portugal
,
under
shot
of
the
Castle
of
●…oniche
;
the
enemy
fell
presently
on
the
English
,
but
are
beat
so
,
that
they
take
their
heels
and
leave
the
Town
undefended
,
which
presently
yeeldeth
,
and
so
doth
the
Castle
upon
summons
,
understanding
that
Don
Antonio
was
there
.
Seven
Companies
of
foot
being
left
to
guard
the
ships
,
the
main
Army
marcheth
over-land
to
Lisbon
,
and
took
a
Castle
by
the
way
:
many
of
the
English
souldiers
were
poysoned
with
drinking
of
standing
waters
,
and
eating
of
poysoned
honey
left
purposely
in
the
houses
.
The
25.
of
May
our
Army
came
to
Lisbon
,
whose
Suburbs
were
abandoned
and
store-houses
fired
;
the
enemy
in
the
night
time
(
whilst
the
English
were
at
rest
,
being
wearied
with
six
dayes
march
and
watching
)
sallied
out
,
and
killed
Collonel
Bret
,
with
divers
Captains
and
others
;
but
the
Earl
of
Essex
fell
on
them
unexpectedly
and
drove
them
to
the
City-gates
:
in
the
interim
Cascu
is
surprised
,
the
inhabitants
being
fled
to
the
mountains
,
who
understanding
their
King
was
come
,
professed
their
loyalty
to
him
,
but
the
Castle
held
out
for
the
Spaniard
.
The
Duke
of
Bragans●…
,
Francisco
de
Toledo
and
others
,
promised
to
aid
Antonio
with
three
thousand
horse
and
other
supplies
,
but
could
make
no
head
,
because
of
the
Spanish
Commanders
every
where
:
Antonio
hoping
aid
would
come
at
last
,
desired
the
English
to
stay
before
Lisbon
for
nine
dayes
,
which
could
not
be
granted
,
because
the
English
were
sickly
and
much
weakned
,
nor
was
there
any
forwardness
in
the
Portugals
;
Antonio
desires
the
Suburbs
might
not
be
spoiled
:
Essex
in
a
bravery
run
his
spear
and
brake
it
against
the
gate
of
that
City
,
challenging
any
Spaniard
within
to
fight
with
him
,
but
none
appeared
.
The
Castle
of
Cascais
is
rendred
upon
conditions
.
Sixty
Spanish
hulks
laden
with
provision
for
Lisbon
are
taken
.
The
English
being
at
sea
again
,
are
overtaken
in
a
calm
by
nine
gallies
which
sunk
some
of
our
stragling
ships
;
Captain
Minshaw
fought
to
the
last
after
his
ship
was
on
fire
;
so
continuing
seventeen
dayes
on
board
,
many
dead
souldiers
are
cast
into
the
sea
:
Then
they
came
to
Vige
a
Town
,
which
with
the
Country
for
seven
miles
compasse
they
set
on
fire
:
Then
Drake
arrives
safely
at
Plimouth
June
21.
and
Norris
July
the
2.
after
.
The
state
of
France
at
this
time
was
much
distracted
and
out
of
order
,
therefore
a
meeting
at
Bloys
is
appointed
of
the
three
Estates
for
establishing
peace
and
union
:
For
the
Clergy
appeared
a
hundred
thirty
four
Deputies
,
among
whom
were
four
Archbishops
,
one
and
twenty
Bishops
,
and
two
Generals
of
Orders
;
For
the
Nobility
,
a
hundred
and
eighty
Gentlemen
;
For
the
Commons
,
a
hundred
ninety
one
Merchants
and
Lawyers
:
To
these
King
Henry
the
third
made
a
speech
tending
to
union
,
which
was
prosecuted
by
the
Chancellor
,
by
the
Archbishop
of
Bourges
,
and
by
the
President
for
the
third
Estate
;
whereupon
an
oath
of
union
is
taken
,
but
the
Leagures
in
the
interim
disgrace
all
the
Kings
actions
,
and
make
his
government
odious
,
purposely
to
set
the
Guise
in
his
Throne
,
who
temporised
with
both
.
The
Clergy
excommunicates
King
Henry
of
Navar
as
an
heretick
,
and
deprived
him
of
the
government
of
Guienne
,
but
King
Henry
would
have
him
to
be
summoned
,
and
again
to
be
sworn
to
the
union
.
To
this
it
was
answered
,
That
he
had
been
many
times
wrought
upon
to
renounce
his
heresie
,
to
no
purpose
;
he
was
excommuninate
by
the
Pope
,
and
therefore
king
Henry
was
bound
to
subscribe
thereto
,
otherwise
Guise
would
dissolve
the
assembly
;
and
so
Henry
of
Navar
is
pronounced
incapable
of
the
crown
of
France
.
The
king
to
be
rid
of
the
Guises
,
intended
to
destroy
them
both
;
notice
was
given
to
the
Duke
of
this
,
but
he
would
not
believe
it
,
presuming
on
his
own
greatnesse
;
but
at
last
,
he
was
killed
by
the
kings
guard
,
and
so
was
his
brother
the
Cardinal
not
long
after
;
which
so
incensed
the
people
,
that
they
defamed
the
King
,
defaced
his
furniture
,
brake
his
pictures
,
dragged
his
image
through
the
streets
of
Paris
,
and
beat
down
his
arms
:
The
Sorbonists
also
concluded
,
that
the
people
were
free
from
their
allegiance
to
him
;
whereas
the
Duke
of
Guise
was
highly
commended
and
lamented
.
The
Leaguers
prevaile
so
against
the
Parliament
,
that
all
sorts
of
insolencies
were
permitted
,
besides
,
one
Clement
a
Iacobin
,
vowed
to
kill
the
King
,
which
he
did
at
Paris
;
where
he
delivered
the
king
a
Letter
,
and
with
a
knife
wounded
him
in
the
belly
,
which
the
king
drew
forth
,
and
struck
the
Iacobin
above
the
eye
,
whom
also
the
kings
servants
stabbed
to
death
:
So
Henry
died
of
his
wound
.
Upon
this
,
Henry
of
Navar
is
proclaimed
by
the
Army
,
and
named
by
the
last
Henry
of
France
his
successor
,
in
his
last
Will
;
him
Queen
Elizabeth
assisted
against
the
leaguers
with
twenty
thousand
pounds
,
with
ships
,
Arms
,
and
Powder
,
To
Ernestus
in
Belgium
,
succeeded
Albert
Arch-duke
,
who
prepares
against
the
French
,
and
fals
first
upon
Calice
.
Richbank
left
unmanned
,
is
seised
on
by
him
,
and
the
town
at
length
upon
composition
is
surrendred
:
Queen
Elizabeth
not
willing
the
Spaniards
should
possesse
that
Town
,
proffers
aid
to
the
French
king
against
him
;
but
he
weakened
by
war
,
was
more
inclined
to
harken
to
conditions
of
peace
;
whereat
the
Queen
was
displeased
,
and
prepares
Charls
Howard
Admiral
,
and
the
Earl
of
Essex
:
before
they
put
to
sea
,
the
Queen
prayed
solemnly
for
their
good
successe
:
At
sea
,
they
met
an
Irish
Bark
from
Cadiz
shewing
the
strength
of
the
Town
,
and
shipping
in
the
Bay
,
to
wit
,
twenty
Gallies
,
ninety
ships
,
five
great
Gallions
,
two
Galliasses
,
with
divers
other
vessels
,
all
richly
laden
,
and
bound
for
divers
places
.
On
the
twentieth
of
Iune
the
English
attempt
to
land
on
the
West
side
of
Cadiz
,
but
could
not
;
the
place
was
so
strong
,
the
next
day
the
Spanish
fleet
prepares
to
fight
:
Lord
Thomas
Howard
,
with
some
Londoners
,
and
a
squadron
of
Belgick
ships
began
the
skirmish
;
Essex
and
Charls
Howard
seconded
them
:
Wink
field
assailed
the
Gallies
,
which
got
passage
at
the
bridge
:
The
Spanish
Admiral
St.
Philip
is
sore
battered
,
and
set
on
fire
,
and
so
was
the
St.
Thomas
;
that
they
might
not
come
into
the
English
hands
,
the
rest
of
the
Spanish
fleet
ran
themselves
on
ground
.
Then
Essex
lands
his
men
;
some
Regiments
are
sent
to
the
Bridge
to
impeach
all
supplies
from
the
main
,
Essex
with
the
rest
took
towards
Cadiz
,
which
at
first
plaid
so
sore
upon
the
English
,
that
the
formost
began
to
give
back
,
till
Essex
caught
his
own
Colours
,
and
cast
them
over
the
wall
into
the
Town
,
to
engage
his
men
:
a
furious
assault
is
made
,
the
Colours
regained
,
and
the
Town
surprised
,
though
with
the
losse
of
many
English
,
among
whom
Sr.
Iohn
Wink
field
was
slain
.
The
Town
and
Castle
being
surrendred
,
the
fury
of
the
souldiers
is
staid
by
proclamation
,
great
respect
was
shewed
to
religious
Persons
,
women
and
children
;
the
Ladies
were
suffered
to
depart
quietly
with
their
Jewels
,
the
Generals
standing
by
to
see
them
safely
shipped
.
The
Bishop
of
Cusco
is
released
without
ransome
,
the
spoile
of
the
town
is
given
to
the
souldiers
,
one
hundred
and
twenty
thousand
Ducats
are
promised
by
the
townsmen
for
their
ransom
;
the
ships
also
that
ran
on
shore
offered
two
millions
and
a
half
of
Ducats
for
their
ransom
;
but
the
Duke
of
Medina
Sidonia
,
Admiral
of
Spain
,
caused
them
all
to
be
set
on
fire
,
yet
the
Matthew
was
saved
,
and
so
was
the
Andrew
:
thus
was
that
rich
fleet
suddenly
consumed
,
the
town
ransacked
and
burned
,
and
the
whole
Island
wasted
.
The
English
having
abandoned
Cadiz
,
set
saile
Westward
towards
Faro
,
a
town
in
Algarva
;
where
the
Earl
landing
his
men
,
took
what
they
found
in
the
town
forsaken
by
its
inhabitants
,
and
forraged
the
Country
for
three
leagues
about
.
Thence
they
put
to
sea
again
,
and
landed
safely
at
Plymouth
,
August
7.
The
next
year
,
the
Earl
of
Essex
is
employed
by
the
Queen
,
both
as
Admiral
The
traffique
of
Spain
failing
by
reason
of
these
wars
,
the
young
king
of
Poland
,
Sigismund
,
sent
an
Ambassadour
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
who
had
audience
at
Greenwich
;
He
complains
that
the
Poland
Merchants
are
hindred
in
their
trade
with
Spain
by
sea
,
which
should
be
open
to
all
;
therefore
wisheth
some
redresse
and
restitution
be
made
,
or
else
his
Master
who
is
so
neerly
allied
to
the
King
of
Spain
and
house
of
Austria
,
would
seek
some
means
to
right
himself
:
to
this
the
Queen
in
latine
answered
,
That
his
Master
was
too
young
and
unexperienced
in
negotiating
with
Princes
;
and
that
his
threatning
speech
savoured
more
of
ignorance
and
arogance
,
then
of
judgement
and
good
manners
;
She
shews
him
that
it
was
not
against
the
law
of
nature
for
her
to
intercept
military
helps
from
any
to
her
enemy
:
so
wishing
him
to
wait
for
a
further
answer
from
her
Counsel
,
she
riseth
in
anger
.
Another
Ambassadour
comes
from
Denmark
,
to
intreat
a
peace
between
Spain
and
England
,
and
amity
between
England
and
Denmark
,
and
a
free
Traffique
between
Spain
and
Denmark
;
whereas
hitherto
the
Danish
Merchants
had
suffered
by
the
English
;
and
lastly
,
he
delivers
to
her
the
Garter
,
which
the
former
King
deceased
had
worn
:
For
the
peace
with
Spain
,
she
told
him
,
she
broke
it
not
,
nor
would
she
sue
for
confirmation
of
it
,
especially
by
so
young
a
King
as
the
Dane
was
;
as
for
peace
with
Denmark
,
she
was
willing
to
continue
it
;
but
for
any
wrongs
done
by
her
ships
on
the
Danish
Merchants
,
she
knew
not
;
if
any
should
appear
,
satisfaction
should
be
made
.
Shortly
after
this
,
the
English
Merchants
are
arrested
in
the
Sound
,
for
which
cause
the
Queen
sends
thither
an
Ambassadour
,
to
whom
all
satisfaction
and
content
is
given
by
the
Dane
.
Mean
while
Tir-Oen
,
whom
the
Queen
had
made
an
Earl
,
and
pardoned
twice
,
begins
to
stir
against
her
;
and
first
he
assails
the
Fort
of
Black-water
,
by
which
the
entry
lay
into
his
country
,
and
got
it
by
surrender
;
Then
he
writes
to
Kildare
,
to
side
with
him
;
and
to
Sir
Iohn
Norris
appointed
Lord
General
,
to
use
him
mildly
,
lest
he
should
flie
out
into
disloialty
:
In
this
mean
time
,
his
guard
consisted
of
one
thousand
horse
,
and
six
thousand
two
hundred
and
eighty
foot
of
Ulster
,
and
two
thousand
three
hundred
of
Conaught
;
all
which
are
proclaimed
traitours
:
The
Queen
willing
to
be
quiet
,
sent
Commissioners
to
confer
with
the
Earl
,
who
complains
of
the
wrongs
done
him
by
Sir
Henry
Bagnal
Marshal
:
then
he
petitions
that
he
and
his
may
be
pardoned
,
and
restored
to
their
estates
;
that
they
might
freely
exercise
the
old
Religion
;
that
no
souldier
or
Sheriff
should
meddle
with
the
jurisdiction
of
his
Earldome
;
that
he
may
be
restored
to
his
pay
,
and
Company
of
fifty
horse
;
that
the
spoilers
of
his
Country
be
punished
;
and
that
Bagnal
should
pay
him
the
thousand
pounds
promised
him
in
Dowry
with
his
sister
,
Tirons
wife
:
Then
the
Commissioners
propounded
these
Articles
to
him
,
That
he
would
lay
down
Arms
and
submit
,
reedifie
the
defaced
Forts
,
admit
the
Queens
Officers
,
restore
the
spoils
,
confesse
how
far
they
had
dealt
with
forreign
Princes
,
and
lastly
to
disclaim
all
forreign
aide
.
Tir-Oen
would
not
hearken
to
these
demands
;
therefore
Norris
with
the
Deputies
help
,
marcheth
into
Armagh
;
whereupon
Tir-Oen
forsakes
Blak-water
Fort
,
fires
the
Villages
about
,
and
plucks
down
Duncannon
town
,
with
part
of
his
own
house
:
Norris
sets
a
garrison
in
the
Church
of
Armagh
,
and
proclaims
Tir.
Osn
traitour
.
Tir-Oen
to
gain
time
,
presents
a
feined
submission
,
prostrates
himself
before
the
Queens
Picture
▪
ungirds
his
sword
,
and
craves
pardon
;
where
in
the
interim
he
deals
with
Spain
for
aide
,
and
messengers
thence
are
sent
him
with
promises
of
men
and
arms
:
Hereupon
he
makes
havock
of
the
countrey
,
and
then
sues
for
pardon
again
;
and
withall
sends
king
Philips
letters
,
and
the
causes
of
his
own
discontent
to
the
Deputy
:
In
the
mean
time
,
most
of
Connaught
revolteth
,
and
all
Ulster
rebelleth
,
except
seven
Castles
that
kept
for
the
Queen
.
Thomas
Lord
Burrough
is
sent
Deputy
into
Ireland
,
and
Norris
upon
discontent
dieth
.
The
new
Deputy
makes
forward
to
meet
with
the
Rebels
,
who
encountred
him
,
but
they
loose
Blackwater
Fort
again
;
and
whilest
they
endeavoured
to
rescue
it
,
Kildare
interposeth
,
and
discomfiteth
them
,
but
with
the
losse
of
some
prime
men
,
and
dear
friends
;
for
which
he
died
of
grief
.
Tir-Oen
rallieth
his
forces
again
,
and
in
the
Deputies
absence
,
beleagures
it
Ireland
.
Tir-Oen
again
complains
of
the
wrongs
he
sustained
,
and
oppressions
of
Ireland
under
the
English
,
by
which
his
disaffection
to
the
English
Nation
was
known
:
Bagnel
is
sent
to
raise
the
siege
at
Blackwater
with
fourteen
companies
;
neer
Armagh
the
enemy
meets
him
,
where
in
a
bloody
conflict
Bagnal
is
slain
,
and
the
English
quite
defeated
:
here
thirteen
Captains
were
slain
,
and
fifteen
hundred
common
souldiers
were
routed
and
cut
off
;
hereupon
the
garrison
of
Blackwater
is
surrendred
,
and
Tir-Oen
furnished
with
all
sorts
of
provision
and
arms
.
Tir-Oen
puft
up
with
this
successe
,
sends
four
thousand
into
Munster
,
who
prosecute
the
English
there
with
fire
and
sword
,
and
after
a
moneth
return
richly
laden
:
He
sends
letters
also
to
king
Philip
of
Spain
,
promising
to
keep
his
allegiance
to
Spain
,
and
enmity
with
England
.
In
this
sad
condition
of
Ireland
,
the
Earl
of
Essex
is
sent
over
with
sixteen
thousand
foot
,
and
four
thousand
horse
;
being
arrived
thither
,
he
fals
upon
the
Rebels
of
Munster
,
and
chaseth
them
into
the
woods
,
with
great
losse
both
of
men
and
time
;
thence
he
made
into
Leimster
,
against
the
Rebels
there
,
whom
he
vanquished
;
but
Sir
Conyers
Clifford
governour
of
Connaught
is
slain
,
and
his
forces
defeated
;
whereupon
the
Lord
General
enters
Ulster
;
Tir-Oen
desires
a
parly
with
him
,
which
is
denied
:
The
next
morning
,
the
Earl
desires
a
parly
again
,
and
is
again
refused
;
but
upon
his
third
petition
,
it
is
granted
.
He
had
conference
with
Essex
for
an
hours
space
,
then
both
returned
to
their
Companies
,
and
some
choise
men
are
appointed
to
confer
with
Tir-Oen
,
and
Commissioners
for
a
treaty
of
peace
.
But
the
Queen
was
highly
displeased
,
that
so
much
blood
and
money
The
news
of
this
commitment
gave
occasion
to
Tir-Oen
to
flie
out
again
,
who
gives
out
,
that
he
would
restore
Ireland
to
her
antient
religion
and
liberty
,
and
expell
all
the
English
;
he
receives
from
Spain
money
,
and
arms
;
and
from
Rome
Indulgences
,
with
a
plume
of
Phoenix
feathers
,
for
a
trophie
of
his
victories
:
After
this
,
in
the
midst
of
winter
,
he
goeth
on
Pilgrimage
to
the
holy-crosse
in
Tipperary
,
whence
he
sends
Mac-Guire
to
spoile
the
Country
;
whom
Sir
Warham
Saint
Legar
ran
with
a
Lance
through
the
body
,
and
was
by
him
run
through
himself
:
Hereupon
Tir-Oen
returns
from
Munster
.
The
Lord
Mount
Norris
,
in
memory
of
Sir
Iohn
Norris
;
at
Carlingford
he
gave
a
total
rout
to
the
enemies
.
In
the
midst
of
Winter
he
clears
the
Glinnes
or
Vallies
of
Leimster
from
Rebels
;
he
subdues
divers
other
places
,
fortifies
Armagh
,
and
drives
Tir-Oen
from
Blackwater
.
In
the
mean
time
,
king
Philip
of
Spain
sends
Don
Iohn
de
Aquila
with
two
thousand
Spaniards
and
some
Irish
fugitives
to
help
Tir-Oen
;
these
land
at
Kinsale
in
Mounster
,
where
they
publish
their
Commission
,
and
Queen
Elizabeths
Deposition
:
The
Deputy
encamps
neer
Kinsale
,
and
Sir
Richard
Levison
,
with
two
of
the
Queens
ships
incloseth
the
Haven
;
but
hearing
of
two
thousand
Spaniards
more
at
Bere-Haven
,
makes
haste
thither
,
and
sinks
five
of
their
ships
;
to
this
new
supply
of
Spaniards
,
the
rebels
repair
,
who
made
up
six
thousand
foot
and
five
hundred
horse
:
These
intended
to
have
put
the
Spaniards
and
eight
hundred
Irish
into
Kinsale
,
but
they
were
prevented
by
the
Deputies
vigilancy
,
who
followed
the
Rebels
as
they
were
retreating
towards
a
Bog
,
where
their
horse
were
routed
by
the
Earl
of
Clanricard
;
the
main
battel
was
charged
by
the
Deputy
,
who
quickly
put
the
Rebels
to
flight
;
many
of
whom
were
slain
,
with
twelve
hundred
Spaniards
,
and
divers
commanders
taken
prisoners
,
Tir-Oen
flieth
to
his
starting-holes
in
Ulster
,
and
Odonel
driven
into
Spain
.
The
General
being
returned
to
the
siege
of
Kinsale
,
and
having
mounted
his
Canons
,
is
sent
to
by
D.
Aquila
for
a
parly
,
complaining
of
the
Irish
rudenes
,
perfidiousnesse
,
and
cowardise
;
and
shewing
that
he
desired
peace
not
out
of
want
either
in
the
town
,
or
from
Spaine
:
the
Deputy
willingly
hearkened
to
a
peace
;
and
it
was
Articled
,
that
D.
Aquila
should
quit
all
places
he
had
in
Ireland
,
and
should
with
his
Spaniards
depart
;
with
arms
,
money
,
munition
,
and
banners
displaied
;
that
they
should
have
ships
,
and
victuals
for
their
money
,
that
they
should
be
used
as
friends
,
if
driven
into
any
harbours
of
England
or
Ireland
,
that
a
cessation
should
be
from
war
,
that
their
ships
should
freely
passe
without
molestation
from
English
ships
;
Many
of
Tir-Oen's
men
were
drowned
in
their
flight
by
the
Winter
floods
,
and
he
himself
shifted
from
one
corner
to
another
.
The
next
Spring
the
Deputy
marcheth
from
Dublin
towards
Ulster
,
where
he
forceth
Tir-Oen
to
set
his
own
house
at
Duncannon
on
fire
,
who
flies
from
place
to
place
;
then
the
Deputy
wastes
all
his
Country
,
and
takes
in
many
places
,
so
that
now
the
Rebels
exclaim
against
Tir-Oen
,
and
resolves
to
come
in
to
the
Deputy
;
which
caused
this
Arch-Rebel
to
beg
pardon
again
of
the
Queen
,
who
granted
it
;
then
he
came
in
a
poor
array
to
the
Deputy
,
and
fell
twice
on
his
face
before
him
,
acknowledging
the
Queens
goodnesse
,
and
his
own
wickednesse
in
rebelling
so
often
,
hoping
he
should
finde
her
wonted
clemency
,
and
she
should
not
faile
of
his
true
loyalty
;
but
when
he
began
to
excuse
himself
in
some
things
,
the
Lord
Deputy
commanded
him
to
be
silent
,
and
to
depart
the
presence
,
which
he
did
,
and
had
been
sent
over
into
England
,
had
not
the
news
of
the
Queens
death
hindred
this
designe
.
The
Earl
of
Essex
was
ever
held
in
jealousie
,
since
his
conference
with
Tir-Oen
;
yet
presuming
on
his
own
merits
and
innocencie
,
carried
himselfe
so
stoutly
and
stubbornly
to
the
Queen
,
that
the
Lord
Keeper
by
a
Letter
prudently
adviseth
him
to
yield
to
the
times
,
to
submit
to
the
Queen
,
and
not
to
live
such
a
discontented
life
as
he
did
,
whereby
he
wronged
his
friends
,
his
honour
,
his
fortunes
,
his
country
,
and
his
Soveraign
,
and
withall
encouraged
the
foraign
enemy
to
rejoice
and
insult
:
He
intreats
him
therefore
to
yield
,
if
he
be
guilty
,
out
of
duty
;
if
not
guilty
,
out
of
policie
;
for
in
this
he
would
shew
both
his
honour
,
prudence
,
and
piety
,
and
withall
his
true
valour
in
conquering
himself
.
To
this
Letter
the
Earl
answers
,
by
laying
the
cause
of
all
his
discontents
upon
the
Queens
obduratenesse
to
him
,
who
had
deserved
so
well
of
her
;
He
shewes
,
that
willingly
he
doth
not
wrong
either
his
friends
,
honour
,
fortunes
,
country
,
nor
Soveraign
by
his
retirednesse
,
seeing
he
is
forced
thereto
,
and
driven
by
the
Queen
to
a
private
life
,
who
hath
disabled
him
from
serving
his
country
in
any
publike
way
,
but
hath
made
him
capable
to
serve
it
by
sacrificing
his
life
and
carkasse
to
it
:
He
is
indeed
bound
to
her
Majesty
in
the
duty
of
Allegiance
,
not
of
Attendance
;
in
the
first
he
will
never
fail
,
of
the
second
there
is
no
need
:
He
yields
to
the
time
,
for
he
saw
the
storm
coming
,
therefore
put
himself
into
the
harbour
;
but
he
will
never
yield
himself
to
be
guilty
,
or
the
imposition
laid
on
him
just
;
however
he
will
patiently
bear
all
,
for
Princes
may
erre
,
and
subjects
may
receive
wrong
;
no
power
shall
shew
more
strength
and
constancie
in
oppressing
,
then
he
will
shew
in
suffering
.
The
Queen
notwithstanding
this
Letter
,
which
laid
all
the
blame
of
his
sufferings
on
her
,
was
contented
he
should
be
removed
to
his
own
house
;
then
she
sends
some
of
her
Councellors
to
convent
him
about
the
manner
of
his
treating
with
Tir-Oen
,
and
his
leaving
of
Ireland
,
contrary
to
the
Queens
command
:
his
answer
was
,
That
he
had
to
do
with
bogs
and
woods
,
as
well
as
with
men
,
and
forced
to
do
things
there
,
which
he
would
not
have
done
elsewhere
.
The
Queen
was
contented
with
his
answer
and
submission
;
yet
he
is
suspended
from
the
exercise
of
his
office
for
a
while
,
and
shortly
after
he
is
set
at
liberty
,
the
Queen
hoping
his
surest
guard
would
be
his
own
discretion
:
But
his
liberty
,
without
his
offices
and
wonted
power
at
Court
,
could
not
settle
his
discontents
,
which
also
were
fomented
by
his
followers
;
wherefore
at
Drury-house
they
consult
and
agree
to
bring
the
Earl
by
violent
hand
into
the
Queens
presence
,
and
to
remove
thence
his
opposites
:
but
the
Queens
jealousies
increased
,
by
the
continual
flocking
of
Lords
,
Knights
and
Captains
to
Essex-house
,
by
his
refusing
to
come
before
the
Lords
of
the
Councel
when
he
was
commanded
;
therefore
she
sends
the
Lord
Keeper
,
with
some
others
of
his
friends
,
to
offer
him
justice
for
any
griefs
,
and
to
dismisse
his
assemblies
.
These
being
let
in
,
but
not
their
followers
,
the
Earle
complains
his
life
was
sought
after
,
and
had
been
perfidiously
dealt
with
:
he
was
desired
to
expresse
the
particulars
of
his
grievances
,
and
he
should
have
justice
and
satisfaction
;
and
withall
his
Attendants
are
commanded
to
lay
down
arms
and
to
depart
:
but
the
Earl
shut
up
the
four
Councellors
in
his
Bed-chamber
under
sure
custody
,
and
in
a
tumultuous
manner
made
into
London
,
his
followers
crying
that
Essex
should
have
been
murthered
by
Cobham
,
Cecil
,
and
Rawleigh
;
so
he
past
to
Fanchurch-street
,
where
he
entred
the
house
of
a
supposed
friend
,
one
of
the
Sheriffs
,
but
he
absented
himself
;
in
the
interim
Essex
is
proclaimed
Traitor
;
in
Gracious-street
he
stood
a
while
with
a
halbert
in
his
hand
,
and
a
napkin
about
his
neck
,
but
no
body
came
to
assist
him
;
Then
he
passeth
towards
Ludgate
,
but
there
he
is
resisted
by
some
Pike-men
,
and
thrust
through
the
hat
,
some
of
his
company
were
hurt
,
and
young
Tracy
slain
;
So
returning
thence
to
Queen-hive
,
he
took
Boat
and
lands
at
his
own
house
,
which
he
fortified
,
and
the
Lord
Amiral
assaulted
;
upon
resistance
some
are
slain
,
which
the
Earl
perceiving
,
presently
yeelded
,
desiring
civil
usage
and
an
honourable
trial
,
so
he
was
carried
to
Lambeth-house
,
and
from
thence
,
with
some
others
,
to
the
Tower.
Upon
the
19.
of
February
,
Essex
and
Southampton
are
arraigned
;
and
Essex
the
25.
of
February
is
executed
on
the
Green
within
the
Tower
,
having
first
CHAP.
XXXIII
.
The
History
of
Scotland
under
Queen
Mary
,
from
the
year
1560.
till
the
year
1567.
WHilst
an
Army
is
preparing
in
England
to
assist
the
Scots
Protestants
,
the
French
plunder
Disert
and
Wimes
,
two
Towns
in
Fife
,
then
they
The
Lords
of
the
Reformation
hearing
that
the
English
Army
of
six
thousand
foot
and
two
thousand
horse
were
come
,
they
go
to
meet
them
at
Haddington
;
the
Regent
with
some
few
of
her
servants
,
to
be
out
of
danger
,
betakes
her self
into
Edinburgh-Castle
;
Areskin
the
governour
,
though
he
held
the
Castle
for
the
Protestants
,
yet
was
content
to
admit
the
Regent
,
hoping
thereby
she
would
be
the
easier
wrought
upon
,
being
now
in
his
power
;
to
this
purpose
the
Protestant
Lords
send
a
letter
to
her
,
wherein
they
complain
of
the
wrongs
sustained
by
her
means
in
filling
the
Kingdome
with
French
,
by
whom
the
people
are
much
afflicted
;
that
they
have
often
besought
her
to
dismisse
them
,
which
because
she
will
not
consent
to
,
they
have
therefore
intreated
the
Queen
of
Englands
assistance
,
not
thereby
to
cast
off
their
allegiance
to
their
own
Sovereign
,
but
to
ease
their
own
necks
from
the
strangers
yoke
;
therefore
they
beseech
her
to
dismisse
the
French
forces
,
who
shall
have
safe
conduct
by
the
English
either
by
sea
or
land
;
if
she
refuse
this
,
they
take
God
to
witnesse
,
they
are
clear
of
the
mischiefs
that
will
ensue
.
Upon
the
approach
of
the
English
,
thirteen
hundred
French
came
out
of
Leith
to
seise
themselves
of
a
hill
not
far
off
,
there
was
skirmishing
for
five
hours
for
obtaining
that
place
:
at
last
the
Scots
horse
furiously
breaking
in
upon
the
French
Army
drove
them
back
into
the
Town
,
and
had
the
English
horse
been
in
readinesse
,
that
French
party
had
been
all
cut
off
;
some
parlies
were
held
with
the
Regent
about
a
peace
,
which
took
no
effect
,
because
the
Scots
would
consent
to
nothing
till
the
strangers
were
sent
away
;
and
now
the
English
having
shot
often
against
Leith
to
no
purpose
,
draw
nearer
to
the
Town
with
their
Ordnance
,
a
part
of
which
casually
fell
on
fire
,
and
burned
till
the
next
day
,
so
that
much
of
the
French
provision
was
consumed
;
then
the
English
set
the
water-mills
near
the
Town
on
fire
,
which
the
French
would
have
quenched
,
but
could
not
;
the
besiegers
assayed
to
scale
the
walls
,
but
were
beat
off
with
the
losse
of
a
hundred
and
sixty
of
their
men
;
whereupon
the
siege
riseth
,
and
the
English
forbear
to
attempt
any
more
till
they
have
further
directions
from
the
Queen
;
in
the
interim
letters
come
from
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
wishing
the
English
to
be
couragious
,
and
to
continue
the
siege
,
promising
them
aid
enough
,
and
his
own
presence
,
if
need
required
,
withall
he
sends
them
his
pavillion
,
and
shortly
after
two
thousand
Auxiliaries
,
so
the
siege
is
renewed
again
,
and
divers
skirmishes
followed
.
In
the
mean
time
Queen
Elizabeth
sends
some
English
Commissioners
into
Scotland
to
treat
with
the
French
Commissioners
for
a
peace
;
about
which
time
the
Queen-Regent
died
of
grief
in
the
Castle
of
Edinburgh
,
a
Lady
of
her
own
nature
inclined
to
goodness
and
peace
,
but
she
was
over-ruled
by
the
King
and
Queen
of
France
,
and
they
by
the
Guises
;
the
Commissioners
at
first
could
not
accord
,
because
the
French
desired
to
carry
home
all
their
booty
with
them
,
which
was
denied
;
wherefore
they
broke
out
again
into
open
hostility
,
but
the
French
sinding
their
provision
almost
spent
,
and
no
hopes
of
supply
;
the
English
also
growing
weary
,
and
the
Scots
souldiers
wanting
their
pay
,
they
all
inclined
to
peace
,
which
was
concluded
on
these
Articles
,
That
the
French
should
be
gone
within
twenty
dayes
,
and
some
English
ships
should
be
provided
for
them
:
That
Leith
should
be
restored
to
the
Scots
,
and
the
walls
demolished
:
That
the
fortifications
erected
by
the
●…rench
about
Dumbar
be
thrown
down
:
That
the
English
should
withdraw
their
Armies
out
of
Scotland
:
And
that
an
Act
of
oblivion
passe
.
It
was
also
agreed
that
sixty
French
should
keep
the
possession
of
Kerth-Island
and
Dumbar-Castle
,
lest
the
Queen
should
think
that
she
is
quite
deprived
of
all
government
.
After
the
French
were
gone
,
Scotland
was
very
quiet
till
Queen
Mary
came
over
,
a
Parliament
is
held
in
Edinburgh
,
where
the
Protestant
faith
is
established
,
and
sent
to
Queen
Mary
for
her
approbation
:
Ambassadors
are
also
sent
into
England
to
thank
the
Queen
for
her
assistance
;
and
now
about
this
time
King
Francis
dieth
,
at
which
the
Scots
were
glad
,
hoping
now
to
be
quite
freed
from
the
French
yoke
.
Iames
the
Queens
brother
hasteneth
into
France
to
his
sister
,
who
with
her
uncles
was
retired
in
Lorrain
from
her
mother
in
law
,
who
now
took
upon
her
the
government
of
the
Kingdome
:
Queen
Mary
signifieth
to
her
brother
,
that
she
was
willing
to
return
into
Scotland
,
and
therefore
appointed
a
day
for
that
purpose
,
desirous
rather
to
command
as
a
Sovereign
in
her
own
Country
,
then
to
live
as
a
subject
to
a
mother-in-law
in
a
foreign
Kingdome
;
mean
while
she
sends
back
her
brother
into
Scotland
,
with
her
Letters-patents
for
calling
of
a
Parliament
,
that
the
French
Ambassador
who
was
lately
sent
thither
,
might
have
audience
;
his
demands
were
to
have
the
old
league
renewed
with
France
,
and
the
new
broken
with
England
,
the
Priests
restored
again
to
their
places
and
revenews
:
To
the
first
,
it
was
answered
by
the
Lords
,
they
never
broke
the
league
with
France
,
but
the
French
have
broke
with
them
,
by
endeavouring
to
infringe
their
liberties
:
as
for
the
league
with
England
,
they
can
no
wayes
break
without
extream
ingratitude
to
their
deliverers
;
as
for
the
Priests
,
they
need
none
of
their
service
,
being
they
know
no
use
of
such
,
but
are
now
better
supplied
.
In
this
Parliament
an
Act
was
made
for
demolishing
of
all
Monasteries
,
and
Commissions
sent
abroad
for
that
purpose
;
but
the
Queens
friends
advised
her
,
that
at
her
first
comming
into
Scotland
,
she
should
not
medle
with
matters
of
religion
,
till
she
had
got
sure
footing
,
and
then
she
might
shew
her
power
;
her
Undes
animated
her
to
reestablish
the
Roman
Faith
:
Charls
the
Cardinal
counselled
her
to
leave
in
his
custody
her
richest
houshold-stuffe
,
jewels
,
and
robes
,
because
of
danger
by
sea
;
but
she
told
him
,
that
her
life
was
more
dear
to
her
,
then
her
jewels
,
if
then
she
trusted
the
one
to
the
sea
,
she
would
not
leave
the
other
behind
:
An
Agent
is
sent
to
Queen
Elizabeth
to
sound
her
how
she
was
affected
,
if
queen
Mary
should
make
her
journey
through
England
;
It
was
answered
,
that
none
should
be
welcomer
to
her
then
queen
Mary
her
kinswoman
;
With
this
an
English
fleet
is
sent
out
,
some
thought
it
was
to
intercept
queen
Mary
,
if
she
should
go
home
without
visiting
queen
Elizabeth
;
but
queen
Mary
notwithstanding
,
by
reason
of
a
great
mist
,
got
into
Scotland
,
upon
the
report
of
whose
arrival
,
the
Lords
and
Gentry
flock
from
all
parts
of
the
kingdome
,
some
for
one
end
,
some
for
another
:
At
first
it
was
agreed
that
the
Religion
should
stand
as
it
was
now
established
in
Scotland
,
onely
the
Queen
should
be
permitted
to
have
Masse
at
Court
for
her self
and
family
.
Shortly
after
,
as
the
Priests
were
going
into
the
Queens
Chappel
,
one
s●…atcht
the
Taper
out
of
the
hands
of
one
,
which
made
a
sudden
bubburb
,
but
all
was
pacified
again
by
Iames
the
Queens
brother
;
the
Earl
of
Huntly
,
whose
family
hath
been
ever
constant
to
the
Roman
profession
,
took
this
affront
in
very
ill
part
,
and
told
the
Queens
Uncles
(
who
were
then
present
)
that
he
would
reduce
all
the
Northern
parts
again
to
the
old
religion
;
the
rest
of
that
year
was
spent
in
feasts
and
masks
to
entertain
the
French
Peers
,
who
accompanied
the
Queen
into
Scotland
:
shortly
after
,
an
Ambassadour
is
sent
by
the
Queen
and
her
Lords
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
for
confirming
of
the
league
,
and
continuing
mutual
love
to
each
other
;
withall
she
is
desired
to
declare
the
Queen
of
Scots
to
be
her
next
heir
,
as
being
next
in
blood
,
if
so
be
she
have
no
children
of
her
own
:
To
this
she
answers
,
wondring
that
Queen
Mary
and
her
Peers
A
few
daies
after
she
sends
for
him
again
,
and
wonders
what
the
Scots
Lords
meant
,
to
send
her
such
a
message
,
upon
the
landing
of
their
Queen
,
and
before
satisfaction
be
made
for
former
wrongs
;
I
am
not
(
saith
she
)
destitute
either
of
force
at
home
,
or
friends
abroad
,
to
maintain
my
own
right
:
the
Ambassador
answers
,
That
their
intent
was
only
to
shew
their
affection
to
their
Queen
,
and
to
avoid
the
shedding
of
much
blood
,
and
setting
the
two
kingdoms
at
odds
,
if
any
question
should
arise
about
the
title
of
succession
:
I
dislike
not
their
intent
(
saith
she
)
but
what
needs
all
this
,
seeing
I
never
went
about
to
question
her
title
?
but
however
,
I
am
not
willing
whilst
I
am
alive
to
look
upon
my
own
winding-sheet
;
nor
do
I
think
it
prudence
in
me
to
declare
her
my
successor
,
for
that
will
breed
many
disputations
according
to
peoples
affections
;
besides
,
I
am
married
to
my
kingdome
,
whilst
I
live
this
marriage
cannot
be
dissolved
,
when
I
am
dead
let
them
succeed
that
have
most
right
;
again
,
my
declaration
in
this
point
may
occasion
rather
some
emulation
between
the
two
kingdoms
,
then
confirm
union
;
Princes
use
to
be
lesse
affected
to
those
whom
they
know
shall
succeed
them
,
then
otherwise
;
so
was
Charles
7.
of
France
to
Lewis
11.
and
he
to
Charls
8.
and
lately
Francis
to
Henry
his
successor
:
again
,
I
know
the
inconstancie
of
this
people
,
and
how
more
do
worship
the
rising
then
the
setting
sun
;
my
sister
Mary
was
not
willing
to
hear
that
I
should
succeed
her
;
I
know
that
many
out
of
every
discontent
,
and
because
I
do
not
satisfie
their
expectations
,
their
covetous
and
ambitious
thoughts
will
be
apt
to
fall
off
from
me
to
my
successor
,
who
the
more
he
or
she
shines
in
the
peoples
affections
,
the
dimmer
will
be
my
light
,
and
the
more
I
strengthen
her
title
of
succession
,
the
more
I
shall
weaken
my
own
security
:
but
I
will
take
time
to
think
more
seriously
of
this
busines
,
and
shall
endeavour
in
this
to
gratifie
your
Queen
,
when
she
shall
confirm
the
League
to
which
she
is
bound
.
After
divers
other
discourses
,
Commissioners
are
appointed
on
both
sides
to
review
the
former
League
,
and
to
bring
it
into
these
heads
,
to
wit
,
That
Queen
Mary
should
forbear
the
titles
of
England
and
Ireland
,
and
likewise
the
Queen
of
Englands
Arms
;
on
the
other
side
,
That
Queen
Elizabeth
should
not
either
by
her selfe
or
her
posterity
go
about
to
hinder
the
succession
of
Scotland
to
the
Crown
of
England
.
But
whilst
these
things
were
in
agitation
,
the
Queen
commits
the
Provost
and
Magistrates
of
Edinburgh
to
the
Castle
,
for
setting
forth
a
proclamation
,
That
all
Papists
must
avoid
the
City
by
a
certain
day
.
The
Ministers
of
Edinburgh
complain
against
the
Queen
in
their
Sermons
,
for
celebrating
Masse
with
such
solemnity
upon
All-Saints
day
,
shewing
that
it
was
lawfull
for
the
people
to
force
the
Prince
to
observe
the
Lawes
established
,
and
to
abolish
Popery
:
but
the
Nobility
were
loth
to
hearken
to
this
doctrine
.
In
the
interim
the
Borderers
fell
to
spoiling
and
plundring
the
neighbouring
countries
;
against
these
Iames
the
Queens
base-brother
is
sent
with
some
forces
,
who
suddenly
surpriseth
them
,
of
whom
he
hanged
eight
and
twenty
,
others
upon
hostages
given
he
dismissed
.
The
Queen
also
made
the
people
jealous
of
her
,
by
securing
her self
with
a
stronger
guard
then
her
predecessors
used
to
have
,
which
was
occasioned
upon
a
report
that
the
Earl
of
Aran
(
whom
she
did
not
affect
for
his
religion
,
being
a
rigid
Calvinist
)
intended
to
seise
on
her
person
,
and
to
carry
her
to
his
castle
sixteen
miles
off
;
she
angered
also
the
Priests
,
by
exacting
of
them
the
third
part
of
their
revenues
for
maintenance
of
Preachers
,
and
the
rest
for
her
own
use
,
having
wasted
much
of
the
Crown-revenues
.
To
make
herself
more
gracious
with
the
people
,
she
creates
her
brother
Iames
Earl
of
Mar
;
but
this
honour
being
found
to
belong
anciently
to
the
Areskins
,
she
makes
him
in
stead
of
Mar
Earl
of
Murry
,
and
procures
him
the
Earl-Marshals
daughter
for
his
wife
;
but
Huntly
storms
at
this
,
having
been
governour
of
these
two
Provinces
a
great
while
,
and
challenged
Murry
for
his
inheritance
;
so
that
at
this
time
he
was
the
richest
and
powerfullest
Peer
of
the
Kingdome
,
and
all
the
Northern
parts
were
at
his
beck
,
only
Makintose
a
great
man
among
the
Highlanders
refused
to
be
subject
to
him
;
which
so
incensed
Huntly
,
that
he
unawares
seised
upon
his
person
and
imprisoned
him
,
and
in
his
abseuce
his
Countesse
caused
his
head
to
be
struck
off
,
not
without
suspition
that
it
was
done
by
Huntlies
command
.
The
same
Huntly
was
also
highly
incensed
against
the
Earl
of
Murrey
,
whom
he
accused
to
the
Queen
that
he
aimed
at
the
Crown
,
but
his
proofs
were
invalid
.
The
Earl
Bothwel
at
this
time
,
having
lavishly
wasted
his
patrimony
,
knew
not
how
to
live
but
by
fishing
in
troubled
waters
;
therefore
to
set
the
Kingdome
in
a
Civill-war
,
he
endeavours
to
make
dissention
between
Murrey
and
the
Hamiltons
;
so
he
strives
to
perswade
Murrey
that
the
Hamiltons
aimed
at
his
and
the
Queens
destruction
,
and
promiseth
assistance
to
cut
them
off
,
which
saith
he
,
will
be
a
work
acceptable
to
the
Queen
,
for
so
she
shall
be
rid
of
near
kinsmen
pretending
to
the
Crown
,
besides
that
Aran
is
her
great
enemy
:
Murrey
refused
to
meddle
in
such
a
bloody
businesse
,
therefore
Bothwel
incenseth
the
Hamiltons
against
him
,
accusing
him
as
their
great
enemy
,
and
that
it
was
easie
to
seise
upon
him
as
he
usually
walked
alone
in
Falkland
Park
.
Aran
abhorring
this
plot
,
by
private
letters
informeth
Murrey
with
it
,
who
returns
answer
by
the
same
messenger
;
but
Aran
being
absent
,
his
father
openeth
the
letters
,
and
withall
imprisoneth
his
son
,
who
escaped
in
the
night
to
Falkland
,
where
the
Court
then
was
,
and
discloseth
the
whole
plot
;
whereupon
Bothwel
and
Galvin
Hamilton
the
chief
actors
are
apprehended
and
imprisoned
,
the
one
in
Edinburgh
,
the
other
in
Sterling
Castle
,
and
Aran
himself
who
faltered
in
his
discovery
,
is
sent
to
St.
Andrews-Castle
,
where
he
feigned
himself
mad
,
lest
he
should
detect
his
father
who
had
a
hand
in
the
plot
;
but
he
so
constantly
accused
Bothwel
,
that
he
offered
in
vindication
of
the
truth
to
fight
a
duell
with
him
.
Mean
while
Huntly
useth
all
the
means
he
can
to
cut
off
Murrey
his
competitor
,
divers
wayes
he
attempted
,
but
all
failed
;
at
length
he
procures
some
of
his
followers
to
fall
upon
him
in
the
night-time
as
he
was
going
home
from
the
Queen
,
for
he
usually
staid
late
with
her
;
but
Murrey
hearing
of
the
plot
,
got
some
of
them
who
lay
in
wait
for
him
to
be
apprehended
in
their
Arms
,
Huntley
excused
the
matter
,
that
they
meant
to
ride
home
in
their
Arms
,
and
had
no
other
intent
,
and
so
the
businesse
was
silenced
;
but
the
Guises
with
Huntley
and
others
,
did
altogether
aim
at
Murries
destruction
,
not
onely
out
of
private
respects
,
but
also
because
he
was
a
main
supporter
of
the
Protestants
.
The
Queen
is
advised
to
bear
Huntley
in
hand
,
that
she
would
marry
with
his
son
Iohn
,
purposely
to
further
his
designs
in
promoting
the
Catholick
cause
;
for
this
end
she
makes
a
progresse
into
the
Northern
parts
:
now
she
hated
both
Huntley
for
his
greatnesse
,
and
Murrey
for
his
religion
;
she
tells
Huntley
that
she
could
not
with
her
honour
be
reconciled
to
his
son
Iohn
who
raised
a
tumult
lately
in
Edinburgh
,
till
first
he
were
imprisoned
in
Sterling-Castle
a
while
,
this
she
intended
,
because
she
knew
that
during
Iohns
absence
,
she
could
not
be
desired
to
marry
;
but
Huntley
was
not
willing
his
son
should
be
committed
to
custody
,
chiefly
under
Mar
,
Murries
uncle
,
who
was
governour
of
Sterling-Castle
:
but
Iohn
Gordon
Huntlies
son
,
who
had
escaped
out
of
Edinburgh-Castle
,
was
now
near
Aberden
quartered
with
a
thousand
horse
.
About
the
same
time
Bothwel
by
a
rope
escaped
out
of
Edinburgh-Castle
:
the
Queen
intends
to
go
further
North
,
the
murther
was
put
off
till
she
came
to
Strathbogie
the
Earls
house
;
but
in
the
way
when
she
could
not
perswade
him
to
be
content
that
his
son
should
be
sent
a
prisoner
for
a
while
,
she
turned
aside
and
would
not
lie
at
his
house
,
but
went
for
Innernesse
;
when
she
came
thither
she
is
not
suffered
to
enter
the
Castle
which
was
kept
by
Huntlies
forces
,
wherefore
she
is
fain
to
lie
in
the
Town
,
which
she
commands
to
be
strongly
guarded
,
and
the
ships
which
lay
there
to
be
ready
to
convey
her
away
if
any
danger
should
be
;
when
the
Clanchatans
,
Frasers
and
Monroes
,
with
divers
other
families
understood
in
what
danger
the
Queen
was
,
repaired
all
to
her
aid
,
and
presently
lay
siege
to
the
Castle
,
which
for
want
of
necessaries
yeelded
,
and
divers
of
the
garrison
were
hanged
;
from
thence
she
returns
to
Aberdene
,
where
she
expresseth
her
indignation
against
Huntley
:
he
perceiving
there
was
no
way
to
obtain
his
will
over
the
Queen
,
but
by
the
death
of
her
brother
,
he
intended
to
dispatch
him
with
all
speed
;
Murrey
understanding
in
what
danger
he
was
raiseth
what
forces
he
could
and
marcheth
out
against
Huntley
,
a
hot
skirmish
ensueth
in
which
the
Huntlyans
are
discomfited
,
120.
were
slain
,
and
100.
taken
prisoners
,
among
whom
was
Huntley
himself
with
his
two
sons
Iohn
and
Adam
;
the
father
being
aged
and
corpulent
,
died
as
soon
as
he
was
taken
,
the
rest
are
brought
to
Aberden
,
where
Iohn
was
beheaded
,
or
rather
mangled
by
the
unskilful
Executioner
to
the
great
grief
of
the
spectators
,
and
of
the
Queen
her self
,
for
he
was
of
a
comely
presence
,
and
in
the
flower
of
his
age
;
Adam
is
pardoned
because
he
was
young
:
many
Gordons
were
either
fined
or
banished
,
George
Huntlies
eldest
son
fled
to
his
father-in-law
Hamilton
,
who
came
to
the
Queen
,
now
being
returned
from
Aberden
to
Perth
,
to
beg
pardon
for
his
son-in-law
;
the
Queen
gave
good
words
till
she
had
got
him
out
of
Hamiltons
hands
,
then
she
sends
him
to
Dumbar-Castle
;
the
next
year
he
is
sent
to
Edinburgh
,
where
he
is
condemned
of
Treason
,
and
Things
being
thus
setled
,
Bothwel
is
summoned
to
return
to
his
prison
,
which
because
he
refused
,
is
proclaimed
Traitor
;
Matthew
Stuart
Earl
of
Lenox
,
after
two
and
twenty
years
banishment
returns
home
,
and
is
restored
again
;
his
son
Henry
returns
out
of
England
:
Mean
while
the
Archbishop
of
St.
Andrews
The
Queen
fearing
lest
her
Uncles
the
Guises
would
hinder
the
marriage
,
makes
what
haste
she
can
to
finish
it
,
being
thereto
also
advised
by
David
Riz
,
whom
of
one
of
her
Musitians
she
had
made
her
Secretary
for
the
French-tongue
,
and
who
sowed
the
coals
of
dissention
between
her
and
Murrey
,
whom
he
intended
to
murther
,
who
also
advised
her
to
send
for
Bothwel
out
of
France
,
George
Gordon
Earl
of
Sutherland
out
of
Flanders
(
who
had
been
banished
for
Treason
)
and
to
release
George
Gordon
of
Huntly
out
of
prison
,
which
she
did
,
and
restored
them
to
their
honours
.
Murrey
was
much
incensed
at
Bothwels
return
to
advancement
,
so
that
he
forsakes
the
Court
,
and
sueth
Bothwel
for
the
wrongs
he
had
done
him
in
seeking
to
murther
him
;
but
Bothwel
presuming
on
the
Queens
favour
and
his
friends
,
slighted
his
citation
,
and
did
not
appear
:
mean
while
the
marriage
between
the
Queen
and
Darly
is
hastened
by
David
Riz
for
his
own
private
ends
,
and
also
for
promoting
the
Roman
Religion
,
whereof
both
Earl
Matthew
and
his
son
Darly
were
stout
assertors
,
and
which
the
Guises
were
striving
to
advance
through
all
Christendome
.
The
marriage
is
performed
about
the
end
of
Iuly
,
and
the
next
day
Darly
is
proclaimed
King
,
to
the
great
offence
of
divers
Lords
,
and
of
the
people
,
who
grumbled
they
should
have
a
King
imposed
on
them
without
consent
of
Parliament
;
divers
Lords
absented
themselves
,
who
are
therefore
banished
,
and
their
enemies
called
to
the
Court
;
the
banished
Lords
met
at
Passet
,
the
King
and
Queen
with
a
guard
of
four
thousand
go
to
Glascow
,
Hamilton-Castle
is
summoned
to
be
delivered
up
to
the
Queen
,
which
is
denied
:
the
banished
Lords
were
of
different
minds
;
the
Hamiltons
would
have
both
the
King
and
Queen
to
be
slain
,
saying
there
could
be
no
security
for
them
but
in
their
deaths
;
the
other
Lords
(
who
perceived
the
Hamiltons
drift
in
aiming
at
the
Crown
as
next
heirs
,
by
the
death
of
the
King
and
Queen
)
would
have
all
differences
composed
in
an
amicable
way
;
of
this
opinion
were
the
Hamiltons
at
last
,
except
Iames
their
chief
:
these
discontented
Lords
repaire
to
Edinburgh
to
consult
of
raising
an
Army
,
but
were
so
shot
at
from
the
castle
,
that
they
were
forced
to
be
gone
thence
towards
Dumfrize
;
the
Queen
makes
the
Earl
of
Lenox
Lieutenant
of
the
West
;
the
goods
of
those
are
plundred
that
were
fled
into
England
,
and
an
oath
is
taken
of
the
Nobility
of
Fife
to
be
in
arms
for
the
defence
of
King
and
Queen
,
if
any
forces
should
come
out
of
England
.
The
next
year
a
Parliament
is
called
at
Edinburgh
,
for
sequestring
the
estates
of
those
Lords
who
were
banished
,
for
degrading
of
them
,
and
tearing
of
their
Upon
this
murther
,
a
great
tumult
arose
in
the
Court
:
the
Earls
of
Huntley
,
Athol
and
Bothwell
,
being
at
supper
in
the
other
side
of
the
Palace
,
as
they
were
upon
the
noise
going
out
of
the
chamber
,
are
by
a
guard
kept
in
:
Patrick
Ruven
a
great
actor
in
this
tragedy
,
comes
into
the
Queens
chamber
,
and
adviseth
her
to
be
more
carefull
of
her
Nobility
and
Lawes
,
without
which
she
ought
not
to
act
any
thing
,
and
not
to
rely
too
much
on
strangers
,
who
are
altogether
for
their
own
ends
,
and
which
the
Nobility
cannot
brook
.
In
the
interim
,
upon
the
fame
of
this
murther
,
the
Citizens
take
arms
and
come
in
great
multitudes
to
the
Court
,
to
whom
the
King
spoke
out
of
a
window
,
desiring
them
to
return
peaceably
home
,
that
he
and
the
Queen
were
safe
,
that
nothing
was
acted
but
what
he
had
commanded
,
and
which
he
would
at
another
time
acquaint
them
with
:
so
they
departed
peaceably
,
except
a
few
that
were
left
to
watch
.
The
banished
Lords
return
,
and
are
ready
to
answer
their
accusers
,
but
none
appeared
against
them
.
The
Queen
in
the
night-time
escapes
out
at
a
back-door
,
where
Seton
with
two
hundred
horse
was
ready
to
receive
her
,
who
first
conveyed
her
to
his
own
house
,
and
thence
to
Dumbar
;
there
having
raised
sufficient
strength
,
she
persecutes
all
those
that
had
a
hand
in
the
death
of
David
,
some
with
banishment
,
some
with
fines
,
and
some
with
death
;
she
causeth
Davids
body
to
be
transferred
from
before
the
Church-door
where
he
was
buried
,
into
the
next
Kings
tombe
,
which
occasioned
great
obloquies
among
the
people
.
Not
long
after
she
betakes
her self
to
Edinburgh-Castle
,
where
she
is
brought
to
bed
of
a
Son
,
called
Iames
the
sixth
.
Iames
Melvin
is
sent
to
queen
Elizabeth
to
signifie
the
birth
of
this
young
Prince
,
who
presently
sends
Henry
Killegrew
to
congratulate
with
her
for
her
safe
deliverance
,
and
to
wish
her
not
to
favour
any
more
Shan-O-Neal
the
Irish
rebel
,
nor
to
entertain
the
English
fugitives
,
and
to
punish
the
theevish
borderers
.
Not
long
after
,
the
Earl
of
Bedford
is
sent
from
Queen
Elizabeth
,
being
Godmother
,
with
a
Font
of
massie
gold
for
a
gift
;
and
commanded
that
neither
he
nor
any
of
his
followers
,
should
call
the
Lord
Darly
by
the
name
of
king
:
after
the
ceremony
was
finished
,
Bedford
dealt
with
queen
Mary
about
composing
the
differences
between
her
and
her
husband
;
and
ratifying
the
treaty
at
Edinburgh
:
this
last
she
refused
to
doe
,
as
being
derogatory
to
her
and
her
sons
right
unto
the
crown
of
England
;
yet
she
promiseth
to
send
Commissioners
to
queen
Elizabeth
about
this
Treaty
;
and
that
she
will
forbear
to
use
the
Arms
and
Titles
of
England
,
whilest
queen
Elizabeth
lived
:
But
before
these
Commissioners
were
sent
,
about
a
moneth
or
two
after
the
Prince
was
Christened
,
Darly
the
Queens
husband
is
in
the
dead
of
the
night
villanously
strangled
in
his
bed
,
and
cast
into
a
garden
,
so
was
his
servant
that
attended
Morton
,
Murry
,
and
their
confederats
,
who
laid
is
from
themselves
upon
the
Queen
.
Bothwel
being
now
reconciled
to
Murry
,
was
the
man
who
was
employed
to
murther
the
king
,
in
hope
he
might
obtain
the
Queens
marriage
after
:
Murry
goeth
home
fifteen
houres
before
the
murther
,
to
avoid
suspition
;
afterward
he
with
the
conspirators
perswades
her
to
marry
Bothwel
,
purposely
to
overthrow
her
.
Lenox
the
kings
father
accuseth
Bothwel
of
the
regicide
,
who
is
commanded
to
bring
in
his
accusations
before
the
Parliament
,
within
twenty
dayes
,
which
he
durst
not
doe
,
having
so
many
enemies
in
the
City
,
and
Bothwell
so
backt
with
friends
;
so
Bothwell
is
acquitted
,
Morton
maintaining
his
cause
;
and
most
of
the
Lords
under
their
hands
and
seais
gave
their
consents
to
the
marriage
;
Upon
this
he
is
created
Duke
of
Orkney
,
and
a
suspition
is
raised
that
the
Queen
was
consenting
to
her
husbands
death
:
wherefore
the
Conspirators
intend
to
kill
Bothwel
and
depose
the
Queen
;
Murry
to
avoid
all
suspition
goeth
into
France
.
Immediatly
after
,
these
men
that
perswaded
the
marriage
,
raise
arms
against
Bothwel
,
willing
him
secretly
to
be
gone
,
lest
being
taken
,
he
discover
the
plot
;
and
withall
,
that
they
might
lay
hold
of
his
flight
,
as
an
argument
to
accuse
the
Queen
of
killing
the
King
;
but
when
they
took
her
,
they
used
her
contumeliously
,
putting
an
old
cloak
on
her
,
they
thrust
her
in
prison
at
Lochlevyn
,
under
the
custody
of
Murry's
mother
,
king
Iames
the
fifths
Concubine
,
boasting
that
she
was
king
Iames
his
lawfull
wife
;
which
insolencies
were
highly
resented
by
queen
Elizabeth
:
Therefore
she
sends
Throgmorton
into
Scotland
,
to
expostulate
with
the
Conspirators
for
their
insolencies
against
their
Queen
;
she
desires
her
restauration
and
justice
on
the
Regicides
,
and
that
the
young
king
be
sent
rather
into
England
then
into
France
for
his
security
.
But
so
much
was
queen
Mary
hated
,
that
neither
the
English
nor
French
Ambassadours
could
have
accesse
to
her
;
some
would
have
her
restored
,
and
Bothwel
divorced
;
others
will
have
her
banished
,
others
again
desire
she
may
be
publikely
arraigned
and
imprisoned
;
but
Knox
and
his
fellow-Ministers
will
have
her
deprived
of
life
and
kingdome
,
by
a
publike
execution
;
at
last
by
threatning
her
with
death
,
for
tyranny
,
incontinency
,
and
violation
of
the
laws
,
they
forced
her
to
put
her
hand
to
the
Letters-pattents
which
she
never
read
,
wherein
she
resignes
her
realm
to
her
son
,
now
thirteen
moneths
old
,
makes
Murry
Regent
,
during
the
Kings
minority
,
and
if
he
refused
,
then
Iames
Duke
of
Chastelroy
,
Mathew
Earl
of
Lenox
,
with
Argile
,
Morton
,
Glencarn
,
and
Marre
.
Five
daies
after
this
resignation
,
Iames
her
son
was
annointed
,
and
crowned
King
,
the
Coronation
Oath
in
his
name
was
taken
by
the
Earls
of
Morton
and
Hume
,
That
he
will
maintain
the
Laws
and
Religion
,
as
it
is
now
established
.
CHAP.
XXXIV
.
A
continuation
of
the
Scots
History
under
King
James
the
6.
from
the
year
1567.
till
1602.
WHen
Queen
Mary
and
Bothwel
perceived
that
an
Army
was
raised
to
apprehend
them
,
they
make
an
escape
in
disguised
habits
to
Dumbar
;
in
the
interim
the
conspirators
repair
to
Edinburgh
,
where
Hamilton
,
Huntley
,
and
other
Lords
of
the
Queens
side
were
;
these
are
driven
into
the
Castle
,
being
let
in
by
Balfour
the
Captain
,
the
City
presently
submits
to
the
conspirators
;
a
great
number
of
all
sorts
flock
to
the
Queen
,
who
having
now
made
up
a
sufficient
Army
,
marcheth
presently
towards
Leith
;
the
sudden
news
whereof
awakes
Edinburgh
,
all
the
inhabitants
are
in
Arms
and
in
the
field
by
break
of
day
:
As
the
two
Armies
were
ready
to
joyn
battel
,
Crocus
the
French
Ambassador
endeavours
to
make
attonement
,
by
shewing
them
the
uncertainty
and
danger
of
a
battel
,
and
the
Queens
willingnesse
to
give
a
general
pardon
,
and
her
propensity
to
peace
:
to
whom
Morton
answered
,
That
he
took
Arms
not
against
the
Queen
,
but
the
murtherers
of
the
King
,
whom
if
she
will
either
punish
,
or
put
from
her
,
they
will
lay
down
Arms
and
submit
to
her
;
Neither
are
we
come
(
saith
he
)
to
desire
,
but
to
grant
a
pardon
:
So
upon
this
resolute
answer
,
Crocus
takes
his
leave
and
returns
to
Edinburgh
:
Bothwel
to
end
the
controversie
,
challengeth
any
one
of
the
conspirators
Army
to
fight
with
him
,
three
after
each
other
present
themselves
,
but
the
Queen
would
not
give
way
:
the
Lords
that
were
with
her
,
finding
the
unwillingnesse
of
the
common-souldier
to
fight
in
this
quarrel
,
desire
the
Queen
to
forbear
fighting
till
some
other
time
,
whereupon
Bothwel
perceiving
his
own
danger
,
escapes
to
Dumbar
in
great
haste
and
fear
.
The
Queen
understanding
that
Huntley
,
and
Archbishop
Hamilton
were
comming
with
some
forces
,
she
desires
of
the
Army
leave
to
meet
them
,
promising
to
return
,
but
this
is
denied
,
divers
of
her
souldiers
railing
against
her
,
and
holding
out
one
of
their
colours
,
in
which
was
painted
King
Henry
lying
dead
,
and
his
infant-son
by
him
praying
to
God
for
vengeance
on
the
paricides
;
at
which
sight
the
Queen
swouned
,
who
towards
the
evening
was
brought
to
Edinburgh
in
great
contempt
,
the
streets
being
filled
with
people
to
see
her
.
That
Banner
we
spake
of
,
was
the
next
day
presented
again
to
her
as
she
looked
out
at
a
window
,
complaining
of
her
wrongs
;
the
day
after
she
is
sent
prisoner
to
Loch-Leven
:
Bothwel
finding
no
security
for
himself
,
nor
help
for
the
Queen
,
flyes
into
the
Orcades
,
thence
into
Shetland
,
and
at
last
turns
Pyrat
.
The
Queen
as
we
have
said
,
is
forced
to
resign
her
Crown
,
and
Murrey
being
lately
returned
from
France
,
is
by
the
conspiring
Lords
made
Regent
.
Shortly
after
the
Infant-King
was
crowned
,
a
Parliament
is
summoned
,
where
it
was
ordered
that
a
fleet
should
be
sent
to
catch
Bothwel
,
who
did
much
hurt
in
the
Northern-seas
;
but
though
some
of
his
fellow-pyrats
were
taken
,
yet
he
escaped
into
Denmark
,
where
being
known
by
some
Merchants
,
is
laid
in
irons
,
so
he
continued
in
much
misery
for
ten
years
,
and
then
falling
mad
,
died
.
Not
long
after
this
,
an
Ambassador
comes
from
France
,
shewing
that
his
Commission
was
to
speak
with
the
Queen
,
or
else
to
return
instantly
;
the
Regent
told
him
,
that
it
was
not
in
his
power
to
help
him
to
the
speech
of
the
Queen
without
their
consent
that
imprisoned
her
,
but
to
gratifie
him
,
he
promiseth
to
call
the
Lords
together
for
that
purpose
;
in
the
interim
the
Queen
having
bribed
a
boat-man
is
conveyed
over
the
lake
,
they
in
the
Castle
made
haste
to
follow
her
,
but
could
not
,
for
all
the
boats
were
drawn
on
the
dry
ground
,
and
bored
through
with
many
holes
;
the
Queen
had
horses
laid
for
her
,
and
so
gets
to
Hamilton
a
small
Town
eight
miles
from
Glascow
,
where
she
is
guarded
with
five
hundred
horse
,
and
a
great
many
more
flock
to
her
from
all
parts
:
the
French
Ambassador
goeth
to
and
fro
,
pretendinga
pacification
,
but
indeed
he
encourageth
the
Queen
to
fight
,
who
was
now
6500
strong
,
whereas
the
Regent
was
scarce
4000.
A
battel
is
fought
,
wherein
the
Queens
horse
had
the
better
a
while
,
till
they
were
so
galled
by
the
Regents
archers
,
that
they
were
forced
to
flie
to
the
Queen
,
who
about
a
mile
off
beheld
the
fight
;
she
with
her
horse
flie
towards
England
.
The
Regent
appoints
a
Parliament
,
which
the
Queens
party
do
what
they
can
to
hinder
,
queen
Elizabeth
also
sends
letters
to
him
for
that
end
,
that
he
should
not
be
too
hasty
in
determining
any
thing
against
the
Queens
party
,
whom
she
would
not
suffer
to
receive
wrong
from
her
subjects
.
The
Regent
,
notwithstanding
those
letters
,
calls
a
Parliament
,
in
which
it
was
questioned
,
Whether
all
they
that
assisted
the
Queen
should
not
be
condemned
of
treason
,
and
their
estates
confiscated
?
At
last
it
was
resolved
,
that
some
should
be
punished
for
example
sake
.
Shortly
after
the
Regent
raiseth
an
Army
,
and
subdueth
those
parts
that
stood
out
for
the
queen
:
but
queen
Elizabeths
letters
put
some
stay
to
his
proceedings
;
for
she
was
informed
by
the
banished
Lords
,
that
queen
Mary
was
extremely
wronged
by
her
subjects
,
and
the
Majesty
of
Princes
slighted
,
if
this
power
should
be
tolerated
in
people
to
depose
their
Princes
;
therefore
she
desires
Commissioners
may
be
sent
to
inform
her
truly
of
his
proceedings
,
and
to
cleer
himself
of
the
crimes
objected
against
him
.
This
seemed
harsh
to
the
Regent
,
that
things
already
decided
should
be
again
questioned
;
yet
knowing
that
if
queen
Elizabeth
should
fall
off
from
him
,
he
should
be
exposed
to
inevitable
danger
,
having
Lorrain
the
queens
uncle
,
who
ruled
the
Court
of
France
,
against
him
,
and
divers
of
the
Scotish
Nobility
,
therefore
he
appoints
certain
Commissioners
to
go
,
but
perceiving
them
unwilling
,
he
goeth
himself
with
two
Lords
,
one
Bishop
,
one
Abbot
,
two
Lawyers
,
and
George
Buchanan
,
he
takes
also
with
him
William
Metland
,
fearing
to
leave
so
publike
a
man
,
and
so
well-affected
to
queen
Mary
behind
him
;
his
whole
train
was
but
an
hundred
horse
.
At
York
he
is
met
by
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
(
who
was
thought
to
marry
with
queen
Mary
)
the
Earl
of
Sussex
,
and
Sir
Ralph
Sadler
;
A
few
dayes
after
,
queen
Maries
Commissioners
came
to
complain
against
the
Regents
proceedings
,
who
excuseth
himself
that
he
acted
nothing
but
by
consent
of
Parliament
:
queen
Elizabeth
sends
for
two
of
the
Regents
side
,
to
be
fully
instructed
in
the
particulars
;
Metland
and
Macgill
are
sent
;
and
at
last
the
Regent
is
desired
to
come
to
the
Court
,
that
the
queen
might
know
what
he
could
say
for
himself
,
or
against
queen
Mary
.
In
this
mean
while
rumours
are
spread
abroad
in
Scotland
,
that
the
Regent
went
about
to
betray
the
kingdom
and
the
young
king
to
the
English
,
whereupon
great
commotions
and
distempers
began
to
break
out
;
the
Regent
to
prevent
them
was
willing
to
be
gone
,
and
so
was
queen
Elizabeth
to
gain
the
more
time
for
queen
Mary
,
therefore
she
adviseth
him
to
leave
one
of
his
friends
behind
,
that
might
answer
to
any
crime
that
might
be
objected
against
him
.
But
Hamilton
now
being
returned
from
France
,
is
set
on
by
the
banished
queens
side
to
stand
for
the
Regencie
,
as
being
so
neer
in
blood
to
the
young
King
;
but
his
suit
is
denied
him
,
because
by
many
instances
it
was
proved
,
that
there
is
less
danger
for
a
young
Prince
to
be
under
the
tuition
of
strangers
then
of
a
neer
kinsman
who
aimeth
at
the
Crown
,
as
may
be
seen
in
king
Richard
3.
of
England
his
cruelty
to
his
brothers
sons
:
Therefore
Hamilton
is
detained
in
England
,
till
the
young
Kings
Commissioners
were
first
gone
,
lest
new
troubles
might
be
raised
.
But
because
rumours
were
spread
of
divers
plots
to
kill
the
Regent
in
his
journy
homeward
,
queen
Elizabeth
gives
order
that
all
the
suspected
wayes
through
which
he
was
to
travel
should
be
strongly
guarded
.
The
Regent
being
returned
safely
into
Edinburgh
,
a
great
meeting
ensued
of
the
Kings
Lords
at
Sterlin
,
who
ratified
all
that
was
concluded
and
agreed
upon
with
the
English
last
;
Hamilton
also
being
returned
is
forced
to
submit
to
the
Kings
side
,
for
he
found
that
help
came
not
to
him
as
he
expected
,
and
that
the
Regent
had
an
Army
in
readiness
;
but
when
he
understood
that
queen
Mary
had
more
liberty
in
England
then
before
,
and
that
she
was
to
marry
with
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
he
began
to
fall
off
again
from
the
conspiring
Lords
;
wherefore
he
is
sent
with
Maxwel
to
Edinburgh-Castle
.
Argile
is
questioned
for
comming
to
Glascow
with
fifteen
hundred
men
,
purposely
to
raise
the
Country
for
the
Queen
whilst
the
Regent
was
absent
;
but
he
upon
his
submission
,
and
taking
the
oath
of
allegiance
is
pardoned
.
Huntley
also
is
accused
in
raising
forces
for
the
Queen
,
and
in
oppressing
of
divers
families
,
and
he
likewise
is
absolved
,
but
withall
is
enjoyned
to
make
restitution
to
those
whom
he
had
wronged
.
After
this
the
Regent
makes
a
journey
into
Aberden
,
Elgin
and
Innernesse
,
for
setling
of
these
places
and
the
Northern
Countries
;
thence
returning
into
Perth
,
he
receives
letters
from
the
Queen
of
England
which
he
imparts
to
the
Nobility
being
summoned
thither
;
the
contents
of
these
letters
were
,
That
either
Queen
Mary
should
be
restored
to
her
former
dignities
,
or
else
that
she
may
be
colleague
with
her
son
in
the
government
;
or
if
neither
of
these
could
be
obtained
,
that
she
may
live
privately
at
home
,
and
be
made
capable
of
such
honours
as
might
not
be
derogatory
to
the
young
King
;
this
last
clause
was
assented
to
,
but
they
would
not
yeeld
that
the
Kings
power
should
be
any
wayes
impaired
.
Then
were
read
Queen
Maries
letters
,
wherein
she
desires
that
if
her
marriage
with
Bothwel
be
unlawful
,
she
might
be
divorced
:
At
this
the
Conspirators
were
offended
,
in
that
she
stiled
her self
Queen
,
and
wrote
to
them
as
subjects
;
therefore
they
thought
her
letters
not
fit
to
be
answered
,
shewing
that
her
best
way
to
dissolve
the
marriage
,
were
to
send
to
the
King
of
Denmark
to
do
justice
on
Bothwel
as
the
murtherer
of
her
husband
,
and
so
he
being
de●…d
,
she
might
marry
with
whom
she
pleased
.
Then
an
Agent
is
sent
to
Queen
E●…zabeth
,
with
the
Regents
answer
to
her
letters
,
with
which
she
was
not
satisfied
,
but
desires
further
satisfaction
;
upon
this
Petcarne
is
sent
to
acquaint
her
,
that
for
divers
reasons
they
could
not
admit
Queen
Mary
into
any
share
of
the
government
,
fearing
that
she
who
was
so
unnatural
to
her
husband
,
would
not
be
too
kinde
to
her
son
,
having
obtained
her
Crown
and
dignity
from
her
.
Mean
while
a
plot
is
detected
in
England
,
that
Queen
Mary
and
Norfolk
Queen
Maries
faction
perceiving
the
Regents
power
to
increase
daily
,
by
the
correspondencie
he
held
with
Queen
Elizabeth
,
and
finding
that
no
good
could
be
done
so
long
as
he
lived
,
they
combine
to
kill
him
;
therefore
one
day
as
he
rode
through
the
streets
of
Lithgo
,
he
was
shot
by
one
Hamilton
out
of
a
private
place
through
the
body
a
little
beneath
the
navil
;
finding
himself
hurt
he
lights
from
his
horse
,
and
is
carried
to
his
lodging
,
where
he
died
shortly
after
;
Hamilton
escapes
into
France
:
upon
the
death
of
Murrey
great
disorders
arose
,
Metland
and
other
prisoners
are
let
out
of
the
Castle
;
great
debating
there
was
who
should
be
Regent
,
and
by
what
power
he
should
be
chosen
.
When
the
queens
faction
heard
that
the
English
Army
was
on
the
borders
,
they
remove
presently
from
Edinburgh
to
Limnuchum
,
where
the
Earls
of
Huntley
,
Aran
and
Argile
call
a
Parliament
;
the
Kings
faction
sends
to
the
queen
of
England
to
have
her
assistance
in
naming
of
a
Regent
,
shewing
they
should
be
ready
to
imbrace
him
whom
she
will
nominate
;
in
the
interim
the
English
Army
fall
with
fire
and
sword
upon
the
Cars
and
Scots
Territories
who
had
lately
invaded
England
:
Hume-Castle
with
much
wealth
in
it
,
is
surrendred
to
Sussex
,
upon
hope
that
he
had
been
of
Norfolks
faction
.
The
Lord
Scrupe
on
the
other
side
enters
Anandel
,
and
spoils
the
lands
of
the
Iohnstons
,
who
had
also
invaded
England
.
The
Hamiltons
upon
the
report
of
the
English
Army
hasten
to
Glascow
to
pull
down
the
Archbishops
Castle
,
fearing
lest
Lenox
returning
from
England
should
make
it
the
seat
of
the
war
;
they
besiege
the
Castle
to
no
end
,
for
it
held
out
so
long
,
that
upon
the
comming
of
the
English
Army
to
Edinburgh
they
rise
from
the
siege
,
and
hasten
away
;
Huntley
goeth
home
,
Hamilton
and
Argile
into
Argiles
Country
;
the
English
two
dayes
after
come
to
Glascow
,
and
spoil
all
the
lands
belonging
to
the
Hamiltons
,
or
those
who
had
a
hand
in
the
Regents
death
,
or
who
had
received
any
English
fugitives
;
they
set
on
fire
the
Hamiltons
Palace
,
with
the
Town
,
and
beat
down
a
part
of
the
Castle
;
so
the
English
return
to
Barwick
,
and
the
Scots
who
aided
them
to
their
homes
.
In
the
interim
Petcarne
returns
from
the
Queen
of
England
,
who
wonders
that
after
four
moneths
they
should
now
acquaint
her
with
their
businesse
;
she
tells
them
that
the
Ambassadors
of
Spain
and
France
had
importuned
her
to
hear
the
complaints
of
Queen
Mary
,
which
she
had
promised
to
do
,
if
in
the
mean
while
queen
Mary
will
give
order
that
her
side
will
forbear
all
acts
of
hostility
,
and
suffer
things
to
remain
as
they
were
in
the
Regents
time
;
but
she
will
have
no
hand
in
choosing
them
a
new
Regent
,
lest
she
should
seem
to
wrong
queen
Mary
,
her
cause
being
not
yet
heard
;
but
withall
she
wisheth
them
to
forbear
a
while
the
naming
of
a
new
Regent
:
At
this
the
Kings
side
was
troubled
,
fearing
lest
by
this
delay
the
Queens
faction
would
gather
strength
,
therefore
they
resolve
to
choose
an
Inter-Rex
,
or
Vice-Roy
for
a
while
,
till
Queen
Elizabeths
businesse
at
home
be
setled
,
who
was
troubled
about
the
Popes
Bull
against
her
,
in
procuring
of
which
(
so
it
was
given
out
)
the
queen
of
Scots
had
a
hand
:
Then
they
name
for
their
Viceroy
Matthew
Earl
of
Lenox
the
young
Kings
Grandfather
;
mean
while
Queen
Elizabeth
writes
that
she
will
not
name
any
Regent
for
them
,
but
she
thinks
none
fitter
for
that
place
then
Lenox
,
as
being
nearest
and
dearest
to
the
young
King
;
so
he
is
presently
of
a
Viceroy
made
Regent
.
He
having
taken
his
oath
,
gives
order
for
raising
of
an
Army
to
hinder
the
Parliament
appointed
by
the
Queens
faction
,
and
withall
summons
a
Parliament
in
the
Kings
name
to
be
held
in
Edinburgh
:
then
he
sends
to
the
Governour
of
Edinburgh-Castle
for
some
Brasse-guns
and
other
warlike
necessaries
;
at
first
he
promised
,
but
afterward
denied
,
shewing
he
was
for
peace
,
not
war
;
notwithstanding
the
Regent
with
five
thousand
goeth
to
Limnuch
,
where
hearing
of
some
forces
of
Brechin
placed
there
by
Huntley
,
who
was
raising
an
Army
in
the
north
,
to
hinder
his
design
sends
a
party
to
Brechin
,
at
the
news
of
whose
approach
Ogleby
and
Balfour
fled
,
leaving
a
garrison
,
who
maintained
the
Church-Tower
and
the
Countesse
of
Mars
Castle
a
while
against
the
Regents
forces
,
but
at
length
yielded
,
and
thirty
of
them
were
hanged
:
Huntley
finding
that
supplies
came
not
as
he
expected
,
removes
farther
north
;
the
Regent
returns
him
to
Edinburgh
to
the
Parliament
,
where
nothing
was
acted
against
the
murtherers
of
the
Regent
,
because
Q.
Maries
cause
was
not
yet
heard
.
In
the
interim
the
Queens
side
sollicite
the
Pope
,
Spain
,
and
France
,
to
send
forces
into
England
for
restoring
of
Q.
Mary
.
Montgomery
Earle
of
Eglinton
with
some
others
submit
to
the
Regent
,
who
had
lately
hurt
himself
by
a
fall
from
his
horse
.
An
attempt
is
made
upon
Dunbritton-Castle
,
which
with
much
difficulty
at
last
they
took
by
scaling-ladders
;
Fleming
the
Captain
escaped
into
Argile
;
but
Hamilton
the
Archbishop
of
S.
Andrews
,
with
some
other
prime
men
,
and
the
French
Agent
who
lay
there
as
a
Spy
,
are
apprehended
.
The
Regent
hearing
that
the
Castle
was
taken
,
in
great
joy
hasteneth
Iohn
Hamilton
a
principal
actor
in
the
Kings
death
had
confessed
the
whole
murther
secretly
.
Morton
being
returned
from
his
English
embassie
,
gave
an
account
thereof
before
the
Lords
at
Sterlin
;
How
they
had
exhibited
in
writing
to
Q.
Elizabeth
the
reasons
that
moved
them
to
depose
Q.
Mary
,
alleadging
divers
precedents
out
of
ancient
and
modern
histories
,
of
the
like
deposition
of
Princes
by
their
people
;
but
yet
the
Queen
was
not
fully
satisfied
of
the
legality
of
this
fact
,
therefore
she
desires
there
may
be
an
expedient
found
out
for
composing
the
differences
betwixt
her
and
her
subjects
;
it
was
answered
by
the
Commissioners
,
that
they
had
no
commission
to
treat
about
any
expedient
,
nor
could
they
consent
to
the
diminishing
of
their
Kings
power
,
nor
if
they
did
consent
,
would
the
Scots
Nobility
allow
it
;
upon
this
the
Queen
checkt
them
for
being
so
stiffe
in
their
resolutions
,
in
not
harkening
to
an
accommodation
,
and
withall
she
desires
them
to
confer
again
with
her
Commissioners
,
with
whom
they
had
conference
the
other
day
;
to
this
they
condiscended
,
but
this
conference
took
no
effect
,
wherefore
the
Queen
wisheth
that
in
the
next
Scotish
Parliament
the
matter
may
be
discussed
;
but
she
would
not
permit
the
Scots
to
depart
home
,
untill
the
Bishop
of
Rosse
who
was
one
of
Queen
Maries
Agents
,
had
received
answer
from
his
Queen
of
these
passages
;
at
last
her
answer
came
,
wherein
she
complaines
of
the
hard
measure
offered
to
her
by
her
subjects
;
therefore
Queen
Elizabeth
wisheth
them
to
shew
their
duty
to
their
Prince
,
upon
her
true
repentance
,
and
so
she
dismisseth
them
.
The
Commissioners
having
finished
their
relation
,
a
Parliament
is
appointed
to
be
held
at
Edinburgh
;
but
because
the
Queens
party
were
masters
of
the
Town
,
they
resolve
to
sit
in
the
suburbs
;
in
the
interim
it
is
proclaimed
at
Leith
,
that
no
provisions
or
arms
either
by
sea
or
land
be
brought
to
Edinburgh
upon
pain
of
treason
;
the
Herald
was
accompanied
with
about
an
hundred
horse
and
foot
,
on
whom
some
Citizens
sallied
out
as
they
were
returning
home
neer
the
walls
,
but
were
beat
in
again
.
Whilst
the
Parliament
sate
without
the
Town
,
they
within
call
a
Parliament
of
their
own
;
the
Castle
in
the
interim
plaid
with
their
Ordnance
upon
the
Kings
Parliament
,
but
no
hurt
was
done
.
When
both
the
Assemblies
were
dismissed
,
two
hundred
and
twenty
musketiers
,
and
a
hundred
horse
,
with
two
field-peeces
,
are
sent
out
of
Edinburgh
against
Dalketh
,
where
the
Earl
Mortons
house
was
,
who
hearing
of
this
presently
arms
two
hundred
foot
and
sixty
horse
;
a
skirmish
followed
,
in
which
the
Queens
men
were
put
to
run
,
which
the
City-garrison
perceiving
sends
out
prsently
fresh
forces
,
who
put
Mortons
men
to
flie
,
some
were
slain
and
taken
on
both
sides
,
some
also
of
the
Queens
party
were
killed
by
a
barrel
of
gunpowder
accidentally
having
taken
fire
.
Some
bickering
also
there
was
between
the
two
factions
about
a
company
of
Scots
souldiers
lately
arrived
out
of
Denmark
;
these
intended
all
to
serve
the
King
,
but
six
and
twenty
of
them
were
intercepted
at
Leith
by
the
Queens
party
,
and
carried
to
Edinburgh-Castle
.
When
Drury
the
English
Agent
,
who
had
been
mediating
for
peace
,
to
no
purpose
,
was
upon
going
,
away
,
a
skirmish
fell
out
between
the
two
factions
,
in
which
the
Queens
party
was
worsted
by
Mortons
forces
,
who
killed
fifty
of
the
enemy
,
and
took
a
hundred
and
fifty
prisoners
;
almost
there
were
daily
skirmishes
:
the
Regent
kept
Leith
to
intercept
all
provisions
by
sea
from
the
Edinburgers
;
land-provisions
could
not
be
cut
off
,
being
so
many
wayes
to
bring
it
:
A
French
vessel
laden
with
arms
,
in
which
also
good
store
of
mony
is
found
,
was
taken
;
the
mony
paid
the
souldiers
,
and
the
arms
were
carried
to
Sterlin
;
shortly
after
another
French
ship
was
taken
with
letters
from
the
French
,
promising
speedy
aid
to
the
Queens
party
.
The
Regent
being
gone
to
Sterlin
,
the
Edinburgers
with
all
their
forces
march
out
into
the
field
,
to
draw
the
Kings
party
out
of
Leith
;
who
sallying
out
furiously
,
drove
their
enemies
back
to
Edinburgh
,
of
whom
they
killed
and
took
divers
.
After
this
,
the
Queens
party
with
two
hundred
horse
and
three
hundred
foot
march
out
of
Edinb●…rgh
towards
Sterlin
,
by
the
way
they
presse
all
the
horses
they
found
,
then
b●…times
in
the
morning
they
enter
the
Town
without
resistance
,
all
being
secure
and
asleep
,
they
beset
the
Lords
lodgings
with
armed
men
,
Mortons
house
they
set
on
fire
,
and
himself
having
escaped
the
fire
they
took
prisoner
,
the
Regent
is
also
taken
,
the
Earls
of
Glencarn
and
Eglinton
are
secured
:
Areskin
Captain
of
the
Castle
sends
some
companies
of
musketiers
to
seise
upon
his
own
house
,
not
then
quite
finished
,
which
looked
full
upon
the
market-place
possessed
by
the
enemy
,
who
being
fore
galled
by
the
musketiers
fled
confusedly
to
the
gates
,
in
the
narrow
streets
(
making
more
haste
then
good
speed
)
many
of
them
are
trampled
upon
;
the
Regents
life
was
saved
a
while
by
David
Spence
,
who
to
keep
off
the
blows
received
them
himself
,
and
died
the
same
day
of
his
wounds
,
two
of
those
that
killed
him
were
put
to
death
,
the
other
prisoners
in
the
flight
escaped
,
and
the
Regent
himself
also
died
of
his
wounds
that
day
.
Three
Regents
are
named
till
the
next
Parliament
,
to
wit
,
Argile
,
Iames
Douglasse
Earle
of
Morton
,
and
Areskin-Earle
of
Mar
;
He
by
all
the
suffrages
is
preferred
to
the
rest
,
who
resolves
to
besiege
Edinburgh
,
but
it
was
so
strengthened
that
he
could
do
no
good
that
way
;
after
this
for
divers
moneths
there
were
many
excursions
and
skirmishes
and
divers
slain
on
both
sides
.
About
this
time
the
North
was
much
troubled
by
the
falling
out
of
two
great
families
,
the
●…ordons
and
the
Forbeses
;
these
were
for
the
young
King
,
but
the
Gordons
for
the
Queen
:
the
quarrel
grew
to
that
height
,
that
neer
Aberden
a
great
battel
was
fought
,
in
which
the
Gordons
had
the
upper
hand
;
many
other
skirmishes
were
between
the
two
great
factions
,
till
Edinburgh
was
strictly
besieged
by
the
Regent
,
who
pulled
down
all
the
Mills
neer
,
and
intercepted
all
the
provision
that
came
thither
,
and
made
garrisons
of
all
the
Noblemens
houses
round
about
:
Blacknesse
is
betrayed
to
Hamilton
,
by
which
means
all
navigation
between
Leith
and
Sterlin
is
hindred
.
Mean
time
the
King
of
Spain
sends
from
the
Low-Countries
seven
great
peeces
of
Ordnance
with
powder
and
arms
to
Huntley
Lieutenant
of
the
North
,
for
queen
Maries
use
,
who
sends
the
Lord
Seaton
to
the
Duke
of
Alba
for
his
aid
,
and
that
he
would
forbid
the
Scotish
rebels
to
traffick
there
;
he
answers
,
That
he
would
aid
her
with
mony
,
but
he
could
not
hinder
the
Scots
from
trading
,
because
it
was
contrary
to
the
liberty
of
the
Low-Countries
.
The
Bishop
of
Rosse
Agent
for
the
Queen
of
Scots
,
is
committed
into
custody
of
the
Bishop
of
London
,
because
he
had
secretly
kindled
the
Rebellion
in
the
North
:
but
being
now
delivered
,
deals
with
the
French
king
,
that
he
would
use
means
with
queen
Elizabeth
for
delivering
of
queen
Mury
,
which
queen
Elizabeth
would
not
assent
to
,
as
being
dangerous
to
her self
and
kingdome
,
seeing
queen
Mary
aspired
by
all
evil
courses
(
saith
she
)
unto
the
kingdome
of
England
;
yet
she
urgeth
a
confirmation
of
the
Treaty
of
Edinburgh
,
which
in
part
was
assented
to
,
so
far
as
concerned
Q.
Elizabeths
title
,
but
the
Scots
could
not
be
induced
to
break
their
old
league
with
France
,
except
England
would
allow
them
the
same
priviledges
and
benefits
they
have
in
France
.
The
Bishop
of
Ross
is
searched
for
letters
sent
to
him
from
the
D.
of
Alba
about
Q.
Mary's
deliverance
,
and
is
sent
away
into
the
Isle
of
Ely
;
some
mony
also
which
Q.
Mary
sent
to
her
friends
in
Scotland
is
intercepted
.
Rosse
,
being
found
to
have
often
conference
with
Q.
Elizabeths
enemies
,
is
committed
to
the
Tower
,
after
it
had
been
argued
by
the
Lawyers
,
that
an
Ambassador
loseth
his
priviledge
who
raiseth
rebellion
.
The
Regent
Mar
,
having
ruled
13
moneths
,
died
.
To
him
in
the
Regencie
succeeded
Iames
Douglasse
Earl
of
Morton
,
who
enacted
Alexander
Areskin
,
because
the
Earl
of
Mar
was
under
age
,
to
whom
by
peculiar
right
doth
belong
the
custody
of
the
king
in
his
minority
;
and
it
was
ordered
that
none
should
be
admitted
into
the
kings
presence
but
such
as
were
unarmed
,
that
Papists
and
they
of
the
Queens
side
should
be
excluded
,
that
an
Earl
might
come
in
with
two
men
,
a
Baron
with
one
,
and
other
men
alone
.
Hamilton
Duke
of
Chastelroy
,
and
Huntley
,
are
drawn
by
queen
Elizabeths
means
to
submit
to
the
king
and
his
Regent
,
and
to
acknowledge
the
religion
established
;
she
sends
also
Sir
William
Drury
with
forces
into
Scotland
,
to
joyn
with
the
Scots
in
reducing
of
Edinburgh-Castle
,
which
was
at
last
surrendred
the
33.
day
of
the
siege
,
Kircady
the
governour
is
hanged
.
The
Bishop
of
Rosse
is
banished
out
of
England
,
who
notwithstanding
leaves
not
to
sollicite
foraign
Princes
in
queen
Maries
behalf
,
who
all
gave
good
words
,
but
did
nothing
.
King
Henry
3.
of
France
,
and
his
mother
,
labour
what
they
can
to
get
young
king
Iames
into
France
,
so
did
queen
Mary
,
hoping
thereby
the
Catholikes
would
be
more
mildly
dealt
with
here
.
Q.
Mary
is
blamed
also
for
contriving
a
marriage
between
Charles
uncle
to
the
Scots
king
,
and
Elizabeth
Candish
daughter
to
the
Countesse
of
Shrewsbury
.
The
Duke
of
Chastelroy
and
the
Earl
of
Arran
,
who
were
Q.
Maries
faithful
friends
,
died
this
year
.
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
intends
to
marry
with
the
queen
of
Scots
,
therefore
deals
with
the
Pope
about
the
expulsion
of
Q.
Elizabeth
,
and
sollicites
the
king
of
Spain
to
invade
England
.
Morton
the
Regent
is
removed
from
his
regencie
,
and
the
government
is
delivered
to
the
king
being
now
twelve
years
old
,
and
to
twelve
Noblemen
,
of
whom
three
every
three
moneths
should
be
present
with
the
king
to
advise
him
,
of
these
Morton
was
one
;
but
he
loth
to
leave
his
greatnes
,
drew
all
the
power
to
himself
,
and
kept
in
his
hand
the
king
within
the
castle
of
Sterlin
,
wherewith
the
other
Lords
were
angry
,
who
made
the
Earl
of
Athol
their
Captain
,
and
raised
an
Army
,
whereupon
Morton
yielded
and
went
home
secretly
,
and
Athol
died
incontinently
,
not
without
suspition
of
poyson
.
Esmeus
Stuart
,
son
of
Iohn
brother
to
Matthew
Earl
of
Lenox
the
Kings
grandfather
,
and
called
Aubigney
of
a
Town
in
Berry
,
which
was
bestowed
upon
Iohn
Stuart
by
king
Charles
7.
for
defeating
the
English
at
Baugy
,
is
now
come
into
Iames
Stuart
of
the
family
of
Ochiltree
,
Captain
of
the
Guard
and
Earl
of
Arran
,
to
affront
Robert
Bowes
is
sent
to
challenge
Lenox
before
the
King
and
his
Councel
;
but
before
his
cause
was
heard
or
known
,
he
would
have
him
removed
from
the
Councel
,
which
was
denied
as
a
thing
not
heard
of
;
withall
they
desire
him
to
shew
his
Instructions
,
which
he
denied
,
and
so
being
unheard
was
called
home
.
Upon
this
,
Alexander
Hume
is
sent
to
queen
Elizabeth
,
who
admitted
him
not
,
but
sends
him
to
Burleigh
,
who
complained
that
the
Queens
Ambassador
was
slighted
,
and
the
Kings
French
cousin
,
a
Papist
,
and
who
perhaps
aimed
at
the
Crown
,
was
preferred
to
the
Queen
of
England
:
so
Hume
is
sent
back
,
with
a
caveat
to
the
King
to
beware
of
the
French
plots
and
faction
.
In
the
interim
Morton
is
accused
by
Arran
of
treason
,
and
imprisoned
,
though
a
great
friend
Thomas
Randolph
is
sent
into
Scotland
to
conserve
amity
with
England
,
to
defend
Morton
from
wrong
,
and
to
remove
Lenox
;
He
told
both
the
King
and
his
Councel
,
what
queen
Elizabeth
had
done
in
freeing
Scotland
from
the
French
,
in
defending
their
King
and
Religion
,
without
taking
a
foot
of
Scotish
ground
;
that
now
Lenox
hath
diverted
the
Kings
mind
from
her
to
the
French
,
slighteth
the
Ministers
,
and
puts
out
the
Kings
best
officers
.
The
King
told
him
,
that
he
acknowledgeth
the
Queens
good
will
,
but
that
Lenox
was
wronged
;
that
in
justice
he
must
bring
to
trial
a
man
accused
of
treason
.
Then
Randolph
strives
to
stir
up
Argile
and
some
other
Lords
,
to
effect
by
arms
what
they
could
not
do
otherwayes
,
shewing
that
English
forces
were
ready
on
the
borders
to
joyn
with
them
;
but
this
took
not
effect
with
these
Lords
.
Angus
and
Mar
devised
plots
for
Morton
against
Lenox
;
but
the
King
banisheth
Angus
beyond
the
river
of
Spey
,
and
the
Castle
of
Sterlin
is
taken
from
Mar.
Randolph
fearing
danger
to
himself
,
got
away
secretly
by
sea
to
Barwick
;
the
English
forces
are
called
back
from
the
borders
;
and
Morton
,
as
privy
to
the
murther
of
the
kings
father
,
is
beheaded
;
Angus
with
others
who
stood
in
his
defence
,
fled
into
England
.
William
Ruthen
,
lately
made
Earl
of
Gowry
,
with
Mar
,
Lindsey
and
others
,
in
the
absence
of
Lenox
and
Arran
,
invite
the
king
into
the
Castle
of
Ruthen
,
where
they
detain
him
violently
,
and
put
away
his
best
servants
,
they
imprison
Arran
,
and
call
back
Angus
,
and
send
away
Lenox
into
France
;
they
force
the
King
to
approve
this
his
surprise
,
by
his
letters
to
queen
Flizabeth
;
the
French
King
hearing
of
this
,
sends
two
Ambassadors
to
set
the
King
free
,
and
to
confirm
the
French
faction
:
queen
Mary
in
the
mean
while
in
her
letters
to
queen
Elizabeth
bewaileth
the
hard
condition
and
miseries
of
her
son
now
detained
as
a
prisoner
by
Rebels
,
who
had
been
the
cause
of
all
her
miseries
,
and
withall
blameth
queen
Elizabeth
for
countenancing
and
supporting
such
,
shewing
her
needlesse
jealousies
and
fears
,
and
how
she
had
perswaded
her
to
resigne
her
kingdome
,
and
had
denied
her
assistance
when
she
had
escaped
out
of
Lochlevin
,
when
she
sent
back
the
Diamond
which
she
had
received
from
queen
Elizabeth
as
a
pledge
of
her
love
,
and
how
she
suffered
her
(
when
she
escaped
to
England
for
shelter
as
her
last
assured
anchor
)
to
be
intercepted
and
guarded
with
keepers
,
and
to
be
shut
up
in
strong
places
till
now
;
she
clears
her self
also
of
any
combination
with
Norfolk
prejudicial
to
queen
Elizabeth
,
upon
whose
perswasion
she
had
suffered
divers
of
her
friends
to
be
put
to
death
in
Scotland
;
therefore
she
desires
that
she
may
have
some
more
liberty
,
however
some
Catholick
Priest
to
direct
her
in
Religion
,
a
courtesie
not
denied
to
foreign
Ambassadors
;
as
for
the
suggestions
of
Beal
about
her
transferring
her
right
of
Scotland
to
her
son
,
withoutqueen
Elizabeths
promise
,
she
desires
that
he
may
not
be
credited
,
and
so
concludes
,
wishing
her
to
commiserate
These
letters
much
trouble
Queen
Elizabeth
,
who
sends
Beal
a
Clerk
of
the
Councel
to
expostulate
with
her
for
her
complaining
letters
;
the
Councel
of
England
was
content
she
should
be
delivered
,
conditionally
,
That
she
practice
nothing
against
Queen
Elizabeth
;
That
she
would
disallow
as
unjust
what
was
done
by
king
Francis
her
husband
;
That
she
claim
no
right
to
England
during
the
life
of
Queen
Elizabeth
;
That
she
procure
the
king
and
States
of
Scotland
to
confirm
these
,
and
give
hostages
withall
;
but
the
Scots
of
the
English
faction
rejected
these
proposals
.
About
this
time
the
Earl
of
Lenox
died
,
the
Ambassadors
depart
unsatisfied
,
and
the
king
escapeth
from
the
government
of
the
three
Lords
to
the
Castle
of
S.
Andrews
,
and
openly
declares
that
this
his
surprisal
was
traiterous
,
yet
the
busie-headed
Ministers
in
their
Synod
pronounced
the
same
to
be
just
,
darting
out
Excommunications
against
the
disapprovers
thereof
.
Gowry
with
some
others
conspire
to
take
the
King
again
,
pretending
his
good
,
the
security
of
Religion
,
and
amity
with
England
:
but
Gowry
is
apprehended
England
.
Marr
,
Glames
and
Angus
fled
unto
queen
Elizabeth
for
her
help
and
mediation
with
the
King
;
in
the
interim
Gowry
is
arraigned
before
his
Peers
at
Sterling
,
for
imprisoning
the
King
and
conspiring
against
him
,
for
intending
to
seise
upon
Perth
and
Sterling
,
for
resisting
the
Kings
authority
at
Dundee
,
who
being
found
guilty
was
beheaded
:
queen
Elizabeth
makes
shew
of
a
treaty
with
queen
Mary
,
if
she
would
mediate
with
her
son
for
the
Scots
fugitive
Lords
,
and
detect
the
plots
of
the
Guises
:
for
the
first
queen
Mary
was
content
to
mediate
,
if
these
Lords
would
submit
and
turn
loyal
;
for
the
second
,
she
refused
till
she
were
fully
assured
of
her
liberty
;
for
she
will
not
lose
certain
friends
for
uncertain
hopes
,
therefore
she
desires
the
same
usage
from
her
which
she
had
from
her
sister
queen
Mary
when
she
was
her
prisoner
,
or
the
King
of
Navarre
from
the
French
king
;
but
this
Treaty
was
put
off
,
and
came
to
nothing
,
upon
discovery
of
some
letters
carried
by
Crithton
the
Jesuite
,
importing
the
invasion
of
England
by
the
Pope
,
Spaniards
and
Guises
:
then
she
sends
Navus
her
Secretary
with
proffers
of
entertaining
a
strict
league
of
amity
with
queen
Elizabeth
,
of
renouncing
all
claim
to
England
during
her
life
,
of
acting
nothing
against
her
,
or
the
rebellious
Scots
,
and
their
Religion
,
nor
in
her
sons
marriage
without
the
privity
of
queen
Elizabeth
.
But
the
Presbyterian
Ministers
,
and
their
upholders
,
crossed
all
means
of
pacification
;
so
the
Pulpit
being
advanced
above
the
Throne
,
all
went
as
the
Presbytery
would
have
it
,
till
this
year
they
were
curbed
by
some
wholesome
Laws
advancing
the
Kings
power
over
them
,
and
restraining
Presbyterial
assemblies
,
and
abrogating
equality
of
Ministers
by
restoring
the
Bishops
,
and
condemning
slanderous
books
against
the
king
and
his
mother
;
mean
while
Queen
Mary
is
taken
from
the
custody
of
Shrewsbury
after
fifteen
years
,
and
is
committed
to
Paulet
and
Drury
,
purposely
to
make
her
fall
upon
desperate
attempts
;
strange
whispers
went
abroad
about
the
deposition
of
queen
Elizabeth
,
and
the
marriage
of
queen
Mary
with
some
Noble
English
Catholick
,
but
who
this
man
should
be
could
not
be
found
out
.
About
this
time
Henry
Percie
E.
of
Northumberland
being
a
prisoner
in
the
Tower
,
and
suspected
to
have
been
a
plotter
against
Queen
Elizabeth
,
murthered
himself
;
upon
the
discovery
of
Babbingtons
treason
,
Queen
Maries
closet
is
broken
open
whilst
Yet
shortly
after
Buckhurst
and
Beal
are
sent
to
Queen
Mary
to
acquaint
her
with
the
sentence
given
against
her
,
and
that
therefore
she
should
repent
and
prepare
her self
;
upon
this
she
answered
,
That
she
was
exceedingly
glad
for
being
accounted
an
instrument
of
re-establishing
religion
in
this
Island
;
so
she
desires
a
Catholick
priest
,
then
she
writes
a
letter
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
desiring
her
body
might
be
sent
into
France
there
to
be
laid
by
her
mother
,
and
not
into
Scotland
where
violence
hath
been
offered
to
the
ashes
of
her
Ancestors
,
that
so
she
may
have
rest
after
death
,
who
could
never
enjoy
any
in
her
life
.
Secondly
,
she
desires
to
die
publikely
that
she
might
witnesse
her
faith
in
Christ
,
and
her
obedience
to
the
Church
.
Thirdly
,
that
her
servants
might
peaceably
depart
,
and
enjoy
the
legacies
she
had
bestowed
on
them
.
King
Iames
being
much
afflicted
about
the
sentence
of
death
against
his
mother
,
sent
divers
Ambassadors
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
shewing
how
much
he
was
bound
both
in
honour
and
nature
to
intercede
for
a
Queen
,
and
his
mother
,
how
dishonourable
and
dangerous
it
might
be
to
Queen
Elizabeth
to
shed
the
blood
of
a
Queen
so
near
to
her
:
but
the
Ministers
of
Scotland
,
and
the
rest
of
her
enemies
were
so
earnest
and
prevalent
with
queen
Elizabeth
,
that
the
Kings
letters
could
not
prevail
,
nor
the
French
kings
Ambassadors
which
he
also
sent
to
this
purpose
;
besides
the
Queen
was
affrighted
daily
with
rumors
of
the
Spanish
fleet
,
of
the
Scots
invasion
,
of
the
Guises
preparations
,
of
domestick
rebellions
,
of
plots
to
murther
her
,
all
to
hasten
the
Scots
queens
death
,
therefore
she
delivers
to
Davison
her
Secretary
letters
signed
with
her
hand
,
that
a
mandate
should
be
made
under
the
Great-seal
for
her
execution
,
and
to
be
in
readinesse
if
need
should
be
.
This
mandate
is
presently
conveyed
to
the
Queens
Counsellors
by
him
,
and
dispatched
away
to
Shrewsbury
,
Kent
,
Derby
and
Cumberland
,
which
four
Earls
came
to
her
,
willing
her
to
prepare
,
for
she
was
to
die
the
next
day
;
she
with
a
setled
minde
answered
,
That
death
was
welcome
to
her
,
and
that
her
soul
was
not
worthy
of
eternal
joy
,
whose
body
cannot
endure
the
Executioners
blow
;
she
desired
the
speech
of
her
Confessor
which
was
denied
her
,
yet
she
wrote
to
him
that
he
would
pray
for
her
;
that
night
she
supped
,
drunk
to
her
servants
incouraging
them
,
she
read
over
her
last
will
,
then
went
to
bed
,
slept
a
while
,
and
spent
the
rest
of
that
night
in
prayer
.
The
next
day
she
came
in
a
Majestick
manner
to
the
Scaffold
,
carrying
the
Crucifix
before
her
,
where
having
professed
her
constancie
to
the
Roman
religion
,
and
taking
leave
of
her
friends
and
servants
,
laid
down
her
neck
on
the
block
,
repeating
these
words
,
Into
thy
hands
,
O
Lord
,
I
commend
my
spirit
;
and
so
at
two
blows
her
head
was
cut
off
,
her
body
was
buried
in
Peterburgh-Church
,
and
her
magnificent
funeral
kept
at
Paris
at
the
charges
of
the
Guises
,
she
lived
forty
six
years
,
and
was
a
captive
eighteen
:
when
Q.
Elizabeth
heard
of
her
death
she
was
ready
to
swound
for
grief
,
she
commands
her
Counsellors
,
to
come
no
more
into
her
presence
,
and
Davison
to
be
brought
into
the
Star-chamber
;
then
she
writes
a
letter
to
King
Iames
,
shewing
how
without
her
knowledge
his
mother
was
put
to
death
,
and
how
grievous
it
is
to
her
;
withall
she
assures
him
,
none
shall
be
more
affectionated
to
him
,
nor
so
careful
of
him
as
her self
;
mean
while
Davison
is
sharply
reproved
in
the
Star-chamber
for
his
forwardnesse
,
and
fined
ten
thousand
pounds
,
and
imprisonment
at
the
Queens
pleasure
.
The
King
was
so
displeased
at
the
death
of
his
mother
,
that
he
would
not
suffer
the
English
Ambassador
to
come
into
Scotland
,
and
would
hardly
hear
him
by
another
man
,
or
receive
his
letters
;
he
called
home
his
own
Ambassador
out
of
England
,
and
threatneth
revenge
;
the
Estates
of
Scotland
proffer
to
spend
their
lives
and
estates
in
this
quarrel
;
some
perswade
him
to
require
a
Navy
of
the
King
of
Denmark
,
to
whose
daughter
he
began
to
be
a
Suitor
;
some
would
have
him
joyn
with
Spain
and
France
,
and
the
Pope
,
and
that
he
should
not
trust
Protestants
who
had
killed
his
mother
,
lest
they
also
kill
the
children
;
some
would
rather
have
him
stand
as
neuter
,
but
others
advised
him
to
keep
peace
with
England
,
and
be
constant
to
his
Religion
.
Queen
Elizabeth
perceiving
the
French
tampering
with
King
Iames
to
withdraw
him
from
his
religion
and
amity
with
England
,
sends
to
him
,
to
let
him
see
how
dangerous
it
will
prove
to
him
and
his
Kingdome
to
fall
out
with
England
at
this
time
,
how
uncertain
the
aids
of
France
and
Spain
will
be
,
how
he
may
by
this
lose
his
claim
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
and
how
she
will
be
a
mother
to
him
;
withall
she
sends
him
the
sentence
against
Davison
,
and
the
Judges
of
Englands
opinion
,
shewing
that
the
sentence
against
his
mother
was
no
wayes
prejudicial
to
his
right
of
succession
.
From
this
time
till
the
comming
of
King
Iames
into
England
,
fell
out
no
matters
of
great
concernment
in
Scotland
,
except
the
driving
of
some
Spanish
Robert
Bruce
Super-intendent
of
Edinburgh
,
Balquankel
and
others
,
because
the
King
kept
correspondency
with
Catholick
Princes
,
and
was
not
cruel
enough
against
the
Papists
in
Scotland
;
therefore
they
encourage
Bothwel
against
the
King
,
though
he
had
been
proclaimed
Traitor
,
and
furnished
him
with
money
which
they
had
gathered
for
redeeming
of
some
Protestant
Scots
from
the
Turks
;
Bothwel
with
three
hundred
horse
surpriseth
Leith
,
the
King
desires
the
assistance
of
the
Edinburgers
against
him
,
but
they
would
not
stir
,
being
forbid
by
their
Ministers
to
help
the
King
,
so
that
he
was
forced
to
come
up
to
the
Church
of
S.
Giles
,
and
there
publikly
before
the
people
held
up
his
hand
and
protested
he
would
be
an
utter
enemy
to
the
Papists
;
whereupon
the
Citizens
take
Arms
,
whereby
Bothwels
hopes
were
frustrated
,
who
cursed
the
Ministers
for
deluding
him
thus
.
Upon
this
the
King
was
forced
by
the
importunity
of
the
Ministers
,
to
make
Argile
(
who
was
their
great
Protector
)
Lieutenant
of
the
North
,
a
man
unfit
for
that
employment
,
as
being
of
too
haughty
and
cruel
a
disposition
,
and
besides
weak
in
horse
,
though
powerful
enough
in
foot-forces
;
the
King
also
was
perswaded
to
bestow
on
him
the
Country
of
Lochaber
which
belonged
to
Huntley
:
Argile
having
received
his
Commission
,
raiseth
an
Army
of
twelve
thousand
,
with
which
he
intends
to
prosecute
Huntley
,
Aerrol
and
Angus
,
three
Catholick
Earls
,
with
fire
and
sword
;
they
hearing
of
this
preparation
,
raise
also
a
thousand
horse
with
a
foot-army
,
I
mean
Huntley
and
Aerrol
,
for
Angus
had
an
Army
of
his
own
to
defend
his
Country
,
and
could
not
come
in
time
to
joyn
with
the
other
two
,
because
of
the
Rivers
between
.
Argile
placed
two
thousand
musketiers
in
his
Van
,
against
which
Huntlies
great
Ordnance
did
so
play
that
they
forced
them
to
give
back
,
and
joyn
with
the
main
body
where
Argile
was
himself
,
which
Aerrol
perceiving
,
wheels
about
with
his
horse
,
and
falls
upon
them
in
the
Rear
,
and
withall
receiveth
two
wounds
with
forked
arrows
,
one
in
the
arm
,
another
in
the
foot
;
to
help
him
,
Huntley
breaks
in
furiously
with
all
his
horse
upon
the
main
body
of
Argiles
Army
,
and
puts
them
with
Argile
himself
to
flight
;
the
fight
continued
two
hours
;
of
Huntlies
side
few
were
killed
,
but
many
wounded
,
and
above
two
hundred
horse
slain
;
of
Argiles
side
some
say
seven
hundred
,
others
five
hundred
.
The
next
five
years
fell
out
no
memorable
accident
,
but
Gowries
CHAP.
XXXV
.
The
History
of
England
and
Scotland
together
,
from
the
comming
in
of
King
James
to
be
sole
Monarch
of
the
whole
Island
,
from
the
year
1602.
till
1625.
QUeen
Elizabeth
being
dead
about
ten
a
clock
in
the
morning
,
King
Iames
the
very
same
day
(
Secretary
Cecil
reading
his
Title
and
Queen
England
,
Scotland
,
France
and
Ireland
.
Sir
Robert
Cary
,
the
Lord
Hunsdons
younger
son
,
posted
away
unsent
,
to
King
Iames
with
the
news
of
the
Queens
death
,
who
afterward
was
made
a
Baron
:
A
few
dayes
after
,
the
Lords
of
the
Councel
send
Sir
Charles
Percy
and
Mr.
Thomas
Sommerset
,
and
after
them
Sir
Thomas
Lake
Clerk
of
the
Signet
,
to
acquaint
the
King
of
the
peoples
affections
towards
him
,
as
likewise
with
the
State
of
of
the
Kingdome
.
Egerton
Lord
Chancellor
,
Buckhurst
Lord
Treasurer
,
Nottingham
Lord
Admiral
,
and
Cecil
chief
Secretary
are
confirmed
in
their
places
:
Thomas
Howard
the
brother
,
and
Henry
Howard
the
son
of
Norfolk
who
had
suffered
for
the
Kings
mother
,
are
advanced
by
him
,
though
they
were
Catholicks
,
to
let
Pope
Clement
8.
see
he
was
no
such
enemy
to
Papists
as
some
would
have
had
him
,
and
that
his
two
Bulls
sent
out
against
his
succession
to
the
Crown
were
needlesse
.
King
Iames
having
setled
Scotland
,
on
the
fifth
of
April
begins
his
journey
for
England
,
and
comes
to
Theobalds
the
third
of
May
,
where
he
was
met
by
the
Northamptonshire
:
Charles
Duke
of
Albany
came
not
,
being
weak
and
sickly
,
till
the
next
year
:
The
king
also
makes
divers
Barons
and
Earls
:
Divers
Abassadors
arrive
to
congratulate
his
happy
comming
to
the
Crown
,
namely
from
the
Palsgrave
,
the
Hollander
,
the
Arch-duke
,
the
Spaniard
,
the
Venetian
,
the
Florentine
,
and
the
French
;
for
entertaining
of
whom
a
Master
of
the
Ceremonies
is
ordained
:
There
were
also
made
this
year
fourteen
Serjeants
at
Law.
Valentine
Thomas
for
conspiring
against
Queen
Elizabeth
,
was
drawn
,
hanged
and
quartered
.
The
Lord
Montjoy
returns
out
of
Ireland
,
bringing
with
him
Tir-Oen
whom
the
king
pardoned
,
who
sends
to
his
brother
of
Denmark
the
Earl
of
Rutland
with
the
Garter
,
and
to
be
god-father
to
his
son
Christianus
.
The
Lord
Spencer
also
is
sent
with
the
Garter
to
the
Duke
of
Wirtinberg
.
This
year
produced
a
plot
against
the
King
and
Prince
Henry
,
by
the
Lord
Cobham
,
Sir
Walter
Rawleigh
,
and
divers
others
,
upon
some
discontents
,
they
knew
not
what
;
they
are
apprehended
in
Iuly
,
and
arraigned
in
November
at
Winchester
,
because
of
the
sicknesse
then
at
London
,
wherefore
the
Terme
also
was
kept
there
.
The
Lord
Grey
is
accused
for
raising
two
thousand
men
to
defend
the
Low-Countries
,
but
indeed
to
seise
upon
the
king
and
Prince
:
Cobham
and
Rawleigh
met
in
S.
Martins
,
and
consulted
about
raising
sedition
,
altering
Religion
,
&
setting
up
Lady
Arabella
;
it
was
proved
that
Watson
the
Priest
was
designed
to
be
Lord
Chancellor
,
and
others
for
other
offices
:
Rawleigh
was
to
treat
with
Count
Aremberg
for
money
,
and
Cobham
with
the
Spaniard
and
Arch-duke
for
assisting
Arabella
;
these
pleaded
,
the
king
not
being
yet
crowned
this
could
be
no
Treason
,
and
that
it
was
onely
discourse
,
and
not
matter
of
fact
;
but
they
were
refuted
and
condemned
,
the
Priests
Watson
and
Clerk
were
executed
,
and
Brook
beheaded
;
Cobham
,
Grey
and
Markham
,
at
the
point
of
their
Execution
were
reprieved
by
the
Kings
warrant
,
and
carried
back
to
the
Tower.
After
this
the
King
kept
the
feast
of
S.
George
at
Windsor
,
where
the
Prince
with
some
others
are
installed
;
the
Earl
of
Southampton
is
restored
;
divers
other
honours
are
conferred
,
and
on
S.
Iames
day
the
King
and
Queen
are
crowned
and
anointed
at
Westminster
by
Archbishop
Whitegift
;
command
is
given
for
observation
of
Gowries
conspiracy
.
The
King
calls
in
all
letters
of
Mart
against
the
Spaniard
;
and
concludes
a
peace
with
him
,
which
was
confirmed
by
mutual
oaths
solemnly
taken
:
the
Spanish
Ambassador
held
the
Kings
hands
between
his
,
and
in
like
manner
the
English
Ambassador
at
Valledolid
held
the
King
of
Spains
hands
,
when
they
took
their
oaths
:
Nottingham
Lord
Admiral
was
Ambassador
for
England
,
and
Valesco
Constable
of
Castile
After
this
,
the
kings
second
son
Charles
Duke
of
Albany
is
created
Duke
of
York
,
being
now
four
years
old
.
Richard
Haydock
a
Physitian
,
pretending
to
preach
at
night
in
his
sleep
,
acknowledgeth
his
forgery
to
the
king
who
had
detected
it
.
One
Douglasse
a
Scots-man
,
for
counterfeiting
the
kings
Privy-seal
to
divers
Princes
in
Germany
,
is
sent
over
by
the
Palsgrave
,
and
in
Smithfield
hanged
and
quartered
.
A
second
Parliament
is
called
at
Westminster
;
four
dayes
before
the
sitting
,
the
King
,
Queen
and
Prince
rode
solemnly
through
London
,
where
divers
Pageants
were
erected
,
Presents
given
,
and
speeches
made
.
In
the
time
of
this
Parliament
was
discovered
the
Gun-powder-plot
,
Catesby
,
Percie
and
others
,
who
hired
a
cellar
under
the
Parliament-house
,
laying
in
it
twenty
barrels
of
powder
which
they
had
under
billets
and
faggots
;
their
intent
was
to
blow
up
the
King
and
Prince
,
Nobles
and
Commons
,
to
surprise
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
to
proclaim
the
Lady
Elizabeth
Queen
;
but
the
plot
was
detected
by
a
letter
sent
to
the
Lord
Monteagle
,
which
his
foot-man
received
from
an
unknown
man
,
the
letter
was
to
desire
him
to
forbear
being
at
Parliament
,
because
of
a
terrible
blow
that
was
to
be
given
;
the
letter
was
delivered
to
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
by
Monteagle
,
who
could
make
no
sense
of
it
;
but
the
King
when
he
read
it
,
apprehended
presently
,
that
by
the
word
(
blow
)
was
intimated
a
blowing
up
with
Gunpowder
,
therefore
command
is
given
to
search
all
the
rooms
about
the
Parliament-house
,
in
the
cellar
under
the
faggots
were
found
six
and
thirty
barrels
of
powder
;
Fawks
upon
suspition
is
apprehended
,
in
whose
pocket
is
found
a
peece
of
touch-wood
,
a
tinder-box
,
and
a
watch
,
to
try
the
short
and
long
burning
of
the
touch-wood
:
the
plot
being
discovered
,
some
fled
to
Worcestershire
,
where
Catesby
&
Percie
were
slain
by
one
shot
of
a
musket
,
both
the
Wrights
Iohn
and
Christopher
are
likewise
slain
,
the
rest
were
publikly
executed
,
except
Tresham
who
died
of
the
Strangury
in
the
Tower
,
whither
Northumberland
upon
suspition
is
sent
;
great
joy
there
was
for
this
deliverance
,
so
that
the
Spanish
and
Arch-dukes
Ambassadors
made
bone-fires
,
and
threw
money
amongst
the
people
.
About
this
time
the
King
receives
as
a
present
from
the
Spaniard
six
Jennets
of
Andalusia
,
with
embroidered
saddles
,
and
saddle-cloth
of
Tissue
,
one
of
these
Jennets
was
snow-white
,
whose
main
reached
to
the
ground
:
the
Queen
of
Spain
also
sent
to
our
Queen
Anne
rich
presents
of
embroidery
,
ambergreece
,
a
rich
cap
and
girdle
in
a
bason
of
gold
to
congratulate
the
kings
happy
deliverance
,
in
memory
whereof
the
fifth
of
November
is
appointed
to
be
kept
holy
,
and
the
Lord
Monteagle
is
rewarded
with
two
hundred
pounds
a
year
for
ever
,
and
five
hundred
pounds
besides
for
his
life
.
Shortly
after
a
rumor
was
spread
that
the
king
was
slain
at
Oking
,
which
caused
great
fears
in
London
,
till
within
two
hours
after
news
came
that
he
was
safe
,
to
the
great
comfort
of
all
;
so
that
the
Spanish
Ambassador
gave
Sir
Lewis
Lewknor
a
chain
of
gold
for
bringing
him
the
news
.
Henry
Garnet
Provincial
of
the
English
Jesuits
,
suffered
death
for
concealing
the
Gunpowder-treason
:
Northumberland
is
fined
to
pay
to
the
King
thirty
thousand
pounds
,
to
forfeit
all
his
offices
,
and
to
be
kept
prisoner
during
the
Kings
pleasure
for
misprisions
of
Treason
.
At
Hampton-Court
an
Assembly
of
Divines
is
called
by
the
King
to
confer
about
the
Liturgy
and
Church-government
;
the
first
sitting
was
in
the
privy-chamber
,
where
in
the
presence
of
his
Privy-councel
,
he
shewed
the
causes
why
he
called
these
Divines
,
not
that
he
thought
there
was
any
thing
in
the
Church
that
required
alteration
,
all
things
being
so
well
setled
already
,
but
like
a
wise
Physitian
to
make
search
into
the
supposed
diseases
thereof
,
and
to
remove
the
occasion
of
complaints
,
that
the
mouths
of
complainants
may
be
stopped
,
and
sober
mindes
satisfied
:
He
acknowledgeth
Confirmation
after
Baptisme
,
by
Episcopal
benediction
and
imposition
of
hands
,
after
the
childe
hath
professed
his
own
faith
,
to
be
of
great
use
and
antiquity
in
the
Church
,
and
so
the
Bishops
made
it
appear
to
his
Majesty
,
that
confirmation
was
no
essential
part
of
Baptisme
:
for
Absolution
they
shew
it
is
used
in
the
reformed
Churches
of
Auspurg
,
Saxony
and
Bohemia
,
and
that
Christ
gave
power
to
his
Ministers
to
pronounce
it
:
for
private
Baptisme
,
they
say
,
That
it
it
is
not
to
be
administred
by
women
and
Laicks
,
but
by
lawful
Ministers
onely
:
and
as
for
Excommunication
,
they
say
,
That
the
abuses
being
removed
,
it
ought
to
retain
its
vigor
in
the
Church
:
and
so
for
that
day
the
Assembly
of
the
Prelates
was
dismissed
.
The
Munday
after
,
the
King
calls
into
his
privy-chamber
the
complaining
Doctors
,
telling
them
,
That
he
meant
not
to
innovate
the
Church-government
so
sound
and
so
long
established
,
but
to
settle
uniformity
and
unity
,
and
to
remove
abuses
if
there
be
any
,
therefore
desires
them
to
declare
their
grievances
:
hereupon
Dr.
Reynolds
the
foreman
reduced
all
the
matters
in
debate
to
these
four
heads
:
1.
For
preservation
of
true
doctrine
.
2.
For
placing
of
good
Pastors
.
3.
For
sincere
Church-government
.
4.
For
explanation
of
some
clauses
in
the
Service-book
.
All
these
points
were
exactly
handled
and
cleared
by
the
Prelates
,
and
so
moderated
by
the
King
with
that
judgement
and
learning
,
that
all
who
were
present
were
ravished
with
admiration
.
The
Wednesday
following
being
the
third
dayes
Conference
,
the
King
declares
what
formerly
had
past
,
and
shuts
up
all
with
a
godly
exhortation
,
perswading
all
to
unity
,
and
diligence
in
their
charge
,
shewing
the
duties
both
of
superiors
and
inferiors
,
wishing
them
to
build
Gods
Temple
without
the
sound
of
discord
,
and
to
shew
their
obedience
and
humility
by
a
peaceable
conformity
,
seeing
the
points
in
controversie
were
matters
of
meer
weaknesse
.
After
this
the
King
gives
order
for
a
new
translation
of
the
Bible
according
to
the
originals
,
and
then
sends
some
learned
and
judicious
Divines
into
Scotland
to
confer
with
the
Divines
there
about
an
uniform
government
in
both
Churches
:
Then
by
Act
of
Parliament
he
provides
for
the
Churches
constant
maintenance
,
that
none
of
her
revenues
or
lands
be
alienated
.
The
king
,
to
shew
how
willing
he
was
to
unite
the
two
kingdomes
into
one
,
causeth
one
name
to
be
given
to
both
,
and
himself
to
be
proclaimed
king
of
Great-Britain
;
he
causeth
another
Proclamation
to
come
forth
for
banishing
of
Jesuites
and
Priests
,
and
a
third
for
confirming
the
book
of
Common-prayer
,
as
it
was
in
the
late
Queens
time
.
In
the
fourth
year
of
the
kings
reign
,
the
king
of
Denmark
arrives
in
the
London
,
Francis
Prince
of
Vandemont
the
Duke
of
Lorrains
third
son
,
accompanied
with
seven
Earls
,
ten
Barons
,
forty
Gentlemen
,
and
sixscore
common
persons
,
who
were
for
fourteen
dayes
together
entertained
by
the
king
at
Hampton-Court
.
The
next
year
in
May
,
some
malecontents
in
the
Shires
of
Northampton
,
Leceister
and
Warwick
in
great
companies
began
to
throw
down
Inclosures
,
whose
Ring-leader
was
one
Reynolds
,
or
Captain
Pouch
,
so
called
from
his
green-leather-pouch
hanging
by
his
side
,
where
he
said
he
had
sufficient
to
defend
them
against
all
opposers
,
but
when
he
was
apprehended
,
there
was
nothing
found
there
but
a
peece
of
green-cheese
;
some
Lords
,
with
Cook
the
chief
Justice
,
suppressed
them
by
force
of
Arms
,
and
punished
some
of
them
by
death
,
others
by
fines
.
In
Iune
following
the
King
dined
with
Wats
the
Lord
Maior
,
who
after
dinner
presented
him
with
a
purse
full
of
gold
,
and
then
the
King
was
made
free
of
the
Company
of
Cloath-workers
,
to
whom
he
promised
a
brace
of
Bucks
yearly
for
ever
,
to
be
spent
at
the
election
of
their
Master
.
In
Iuly
following
,
the
king
dined
at
Merchant-Taylors-hall
,
where
he
was
presented
with
a
purse
of
gold
,
and
a
Roll
shewed
him
wherein
were
registred
seven
Kings
,
one
Queen
,
seventeen
Princes
and
Dukes
,
two
Dutchesses
,
one
Archbishop
,
one
and
thirty
Earls
,
sixty
six
Barons
,
seven
Abbots
,
seven
Priors
,
with
many
Knights
free
of
that
Company
;
the
king
being
free
of
another
Company
,
refused
to
be
of
theirs
,
but
gave
way
that
the
Prince
should
be
free
,
and
that
he
would
see
the
Garland
put
on
his
head
,
whereupon
a
purse
of
gold
is
presented
to
the
Prince
,
and
he
with
divers
Lords
are
made
free
.
About
this
time
ungrateful
Tir-Oen
,
with
some
other
Irish
Lords
went
away
to
sollicite
foreign
Princes
against
the
King
,
and
to
offer
Ireland
to
the
Pope
.
This
year
Virginia
is
planted
.
George
Iervis
a
Priest
,
and
Thomas
Garnet
a
Jesuite
are
executed
;
a
pardon
was
offered
to
Garnet
,
if
he
would
take
the
The
King
having
received
aid
for
Knighting
Prince
Henry
,
and
he
being
Wales
.
Garter
King
at
Arms
bore
the
Letters-Patents
,
Sussex
the
Purple-Velvet
Robes
,
Huntington
the
Train
,
Cumberland
the
Sword
,
Rutland
the
Ring
,
Darby
the
Rod
,
and
Sh●…ewsbury
the
Cap
and
Coronet
;
Nottingham
and
Northampton
supported
the
Prince
,
being
in
his
Surcoat
only
,
and
bare-headed
:
Thus
he
was
conducted
to
the
King
,
and
attended
on
by
five
and
twenty
Knights
of
the
Bath
;
Salisbury
read
the
Letters-patents
,
the
Prince
kneeling
all
the
while
before
the
King
,
and
at
the
words
accustomed
the
King
put
on
him
the
Robe
,
Sword
,
Cap
and
Coronet
,
the
Rod
and
Ring
,
and
then
kissed
him
on
the
cheeks
;
so
then
he
was
allowed
to
keep
Court
by
himself
.
The
King
to
keep
peace
at
home
,
in
his
own
person
heard
the
differences
between
the
Ecclesiastick
and
temporal
Judges
,
argued
touching
Protections
;
he
heard
also
the
complaints
of
the
Victuallers
and
other
Officers
of
his
Navy
.
Upon
the
news
of
king
Henry
4.
of
France
his
death
,
king
Iames
by
proclamation
commands
all
Priests
and
Jesuites
to
avoid
the
land
,
and
all
Recusants
to
return
home
to
their
dwellings
.
The
East-India
Merchants
are
made
a
Corporation
for
ever
,
who
built
a
ship
of
1200
Tun
,
which
at
Bantham
was
lost
:
the
King
also
builds
a
ship
of
1400
Tun
,
which
he
gave
to
the
Prince
,
who
called
it
by
his
dignity
,
The
Prince
.
About
this
time
Mr.
Car
,
who
had
been
one
of
the
Kings
twelve
Pages
,
whom
he
dismissed
upon
taking
so
many
Footmen
,
was
afterward
made
one
of
the
Bed-chamber
,
upon
breaking
of
his
leg
,
as
he
lighted
from
his
horse
in
the
kings
presence
,
who
ever
after
cast
an
affection
towards
him
;
he
made
him
knight
,
then
his
Secretary
,
then
Viscount
Rochester
,
and
a
Privy-councellor
,
afterward
he
made
him
Earl
of
Somerset
,
and
at
last
Lord
Chamberlain
.
These
great
Honours
made
some
to
envy
,
others
to
admire
and
flatter
him
;
among
the
rest
the
Countesse
of
Essex
the
Earl
of
Suffolks
daughter
,
who
so
much
fell
in
love
with
him
,
that
she
slighted
her
own
husband
,
and
procured
Mrs.
Turner
,
one
Gresham
,
and
Dr.
Forman
,
by
inchantments
to
disable
him
,
and
to
procure
Cars
love
;
places
of
meeting
are
appointed
at
Hammersmith
,
where
much
loose
behaviour
was
used
between
them
,
so
that
Sir
Thomas
Overbury
,
Cars
favorite
,
was
much
displeased
with
it
;
and
Prince
Henry
hearing
of
his
loose
kind
of
life
with
her
,
slighted
him
,
which
some
think
hastened
the
Princes
death
.
The
Lady
Francis
Howard
complaining
of
her
husbands
frigidity
,
and
that
she
was
still
a
Maid
,
procures
a
Divorce
,
which
was
granted
upon
a
search
made
on
her
by
twelve
Matrons
:
then
a
marriage
is
thought
on
by
Car
and
Howard
,
to
which
Overbury
was
altogether
averse
;
upon
this
Rochester
and
the
Countesse
meet
,
and
conclude
the
death
of
Overbury
,
who
was
a
main
obstacle
to
their
proceedings
;
for
the
facilitating
whereof
,
Wade
is
removed
from
the
Lieutenantship
of
the
Tower
,
and
Elvis
is
preferred
;
then
the
Countesse
confers
with
Mrs.
Turner
,
complaining
of
Overburies
insolencie
for
defaming
her
name
;
hereupon
they
resolve
to
poyson
him
,
by
one
Weston
an
Apothecary
sometimes
servant
to
Dr.
Turner
.
And
because
Overbury
was
to
be
imployed
as
an
Ambassador
into
the
Low-Countries
to
the
Archduke
,
Rochester
disswades
him
from
that
imployment
,
promising
to
take
him
off
with
credit
;
but
in
stead
of
so
doing
,
he
incenseth
the
king
against
him
,
shewing
that
Overbury
was
become
so
insolent
,
that
he
scorned
that
employment
to
the
Archduke
as
too
mean
for
him
;
therefore
the
king
having
received
a
deniall
from
Overbury
,
sends
him
to
the
Tower
;
Northampton
and
Rochester
his
two
great
enemies
,
command
the
Lieutenant
to
keep
him
close
prisoner
,
and
Weston
is
preferred
to
wait
on
him
in
the
Tower
;
Gresham
in
the
interim
dies
,
and
one
Franklin
is
entertained
in
that
businesse
,
a
man
fit
to
make
poysons
.
Shortly
after
,
Elvis
the
Lieutenant
was
acquainted
with
the
poysoning
of
Overbury
by
Weston
,
as
he
was
carrying
a
part
of
his
supper
in
one
hand
,
and
a
glasse
of
blue
water
in
the
other
:
The
next
day
Elvis
is
sent
for
by
Northhampton
,
by
whom
he
was
encouraged
to
persist
,
and
a
thousand
pounds
promised
him
for
a
reward
;
he
is
also
desired
to
sift
out
Overburies
minde
,
how
he
is
affected
to
the
match
between
Rochester
and
the
Countesse
;
in
the
interim
more
poysons
are
sent
by
the
Countesse
,
which
by
Weston
are
tempered
with
his
broth
and
meat
;
some
poysoned
Tarts
and
Jellies
also
are
sent
by
the
Viscount
to
Sir
Thomas
Monson
,
whose
servant
delivered
them
to
Weston
,
which
brought
the
said
Sir
Thomas
to
be
suspected
as
having
a
hand
in
this
act
;
by
this
means
Overbury
grew
very
sick
,
but
by
a
cooling
bath
he
received
some
ease
:
hereupon
the
Lieutenant
is
commanded
by
the
Councel
(
as
he
gave
out
)
that
no
man
might
have
liberty
to
speak
with
him
.
Now
the
intended
marriage
comes
to
light
,
much
questioning
and
debate
there
is
about
it
;
the
bishops
are
divided
,
Canterbury
and
others
against
it
,
Winchester
and
Ely
for
it
,
at
last
a
nullity
is
obtained
,
and
order
is
sent
to
Essex
to
repay
the
portions
of
five
thousand
pound
:
when
Overbury
heard
of
the
marriage
,
he
grieved
exceedingly
both
for
the
Earl
of
Sommerset
,
as
for
himself
,
suspecting
it
would
cause
his
death
;
therefore
he
writes
to
the
Earl
to
be
released
,
who
returns
him
some
Court
holy-water
,
and
a
white-powder
to
case
his
pain
,
which
it
did
shortly
after
,
for
being
given
to
him
in
a
glister
,
proved
poyson
,
which
the
next
day
with
excessive
pains
in
the
guts
killed
him
;
after
his
death
,
it
was
spread
abroad
he
died
of
the
pox
by
excesse
of
lasciviousnesse
.
This
year
gold
is
enhaunsed
;
one
Legate
an
Arian
is
burned
;
and
the
Lantgrave
The
nullity
being
obtained
,
the
match
is
made
,
and
honoured
by
the
Kings
The
Earl
of
Northampton
is
publikly
spoken
against
for
countenancing
and
advancing
the
Roman
Religion
;
a
Bill
is
exhibited
in
the
Star-chamber
by
him
against
such
as
defamed
him
;
but
Canterbury
maintains
their
cause
,
shewing
there
were
never
in
his
time
so
many
Priests
in
England
as
now
:
My
Lord
hereat
being
much
troubled
,
went
to
Greenwich
,
made
his
will
,
then
returned
to
his
house
at
London
,
where
he
died
.
The
Cloath-workers
obtain
at
last
that
no
more
white-cloaths
be
carried
over
the
seas
undied
and
undressed
,
the
Dutch
proclaim
that
none
shall
buy
any
such
cloaths
so
dressed
and
died
:
hereupon
wools
are
prohibited
to
be
transported
out
of
the
Kingdome
;
yet
at
last
it
is
ordered
by
the
Councel
,
that
a
certain
number
of
white-cloaths
shall
be
transported
.
Sommerset
having
lost
Northampton
his
great
friend
,
and
fearing
the
detection
of
Overburies
death
,
procures
a
general
pardon
of
all
treasons
,
misprisions
,
murthers
,
fellonies
,
outrages
whatsoever
,
which
the
King
signed
,
but
Chancellor
Egerton
refuseth
to
let
it
passe
the
Seal
,
and
acquaints
the
King
of
the
danger
might
arise
thereby
:
whereupon
the
King
suspecting
all
was
not
well
with
Somerset
,
withdraws
his
favour
from
him
,
and
begins
to
cast
his
affection
upon
a
young
Gentleman
lately
come
from
France
,
Mr.
George
Villiers
,
on
whom
he
bestows
a
thousand
pounds
,
then
Knights
him
,
invests
him
with
the
Garter
,
makes
him
Master
of
the
horse
,
and
afterward
Earl
,
Marquesse
,
and
Duke
of
Buckingham
.
Sommerset
being
troubled
in
conscience
about
Overburies
death
,
sendeth
to
France
to
have
the
Apothecary
dispatched
who
gave
the
Glister
;
he
causeth
all
places
to
be
searched
where
he
thought
any
letters
were
which
concerned
that
mischief
;
and
by
reason
of
his
pride
,
covetousnesse
,
and
insolent
carriage
,
he
is
every
day
lesse
in
the
Kings
favour
,
and
the
peoples
affections
:
At
last
upon
petition
of
Overburies
man
to
my
Lord
Cook
,
and
upon
the
information
of
Sir
Ralph
Winwood
to
the
King
Weston
,
is
examined
,
and
after
much
adoe
at
last
confesses
all
,
who
with
Turner
,
Franklin
and
Elvis
are
condemned
and
hanged
;
Sommerset
is
committed
to
the
Dean
of
Westminster
,
he
stood
still
upon
his
innocencie
,
and
denied
all
,
but
his
Countesse
confessed
;
whereupon
his
money
,
plate
and
jewels
worth
200000
li.
and
his
lands
to
19000
li.
per
annum
,
are
seised
upon
for
the
Kings
use
,
who
bestowed
divers
of
them
upon
the
Prince
.
About
this
time
Sir
Walter
Raleigh
,
after
ten
years
imprisonment
in
the
Tower
,
was
set
at
liberty
:
he
hated
Sommerset
exceedingly
,
because
he
had
begged
and
got
his
lands
;
the
Countesse
of
Shrewsbury
also
,
who
was
privy
to
the
escape
of
the
Lady
Arabella
,
was
released
out
of
the
Tower.
In
the
year
1614.
the
English
sends
a
Plantation
to
the
Barmudes
,
as
the
Londoners
had
done
the
year
before
into
Ireland
.
The
King
of
Denmark
this
year
came
privately
into
England
again
.
Hugh
Middleton
brought
the
water
into
London
,
and
Suttons
Hospital
is
founded
.
The
next
year
after
,
the
Lady
Arabella
who
married
to
Mr.
William
Seymour
,
now
Marquesse
of
Hartford
,
Thomas
Overbury
.
The
tryal
of
Sommerset
and
his
Lady
is
put
off
,
because
she
was
with
childe
;
but
after
she
was
delivered
of
a
daughter
,
the
Lord
Chancellor
is
authorised
to
be
High-Steward
of
England
for
the
time
being
,
to
whom
were
joyned
eight
Judges
for
his
assistants
,
a
Seat-Royal
is
placed
in
the
upper
end
of
Westminster-hall
,
the
two
prisoners
are
brought
from
the
Tower
;
the
Countesse
pleaded
guilty
,
but
Sommerset
pleaded
not
guilty
;
yet
being
found
guilty
by
his
Judges
,
is
condemned
,
and
sent
back
to
the
Tower
,
they
were
afterward
both
pardoned
and
released
out
of
the
Tower.
This
same
year
the
Archbishop
of
Spalato
Robert
Sherley
to
desire
his
amity
,
and
withall
freely
offers
commerce
to
the
Kings
subjects
through
all
the
Persian
dominions
:
This
Sir
Robert
was
made
an
Earl
of
the
Empire
by
Rodulphus
Caesar
,
then
having
served
the
Persian
ten
years
,
was
made
General
of
his
Artillery
,
and
married
him
to
the
Lady
Teresia
,
whose
sister
was
one
of
the
Queens
of
Persia
;
she
was
brought
to
bed
here
of
a
son
,
whom
the
Queen
and
Prince
Henry
Christened
.
About
this
time
Moor-fields
,
before
a
stinking
place
,
were
made
out
into
pleasant
walks
:
Prince
Charles
is
created
Prince
of
Wales
,
which
action
was
accompanied
with
much
joy
,
and
the
installing
of
five
and
twenty
Knights
of
the
Bath
.
This
year
the
King
after
fourteen
years
absence
returns
into
Scotland
for
Walter
Rawleigh
being
now
at
liberty
perswades
the
King
to
afford
him
some
Queen
Anne
,
after
she
had
been
married
twenty
years
,
died
at
Hampton-Court
,
whose
death
cast
the
king
into
a
dangerous
sicknesse
,
of
which
he
recovered
.
Richard
Weston
is
sent
Ambassador
to
the
Emperor
to
sollicite
the
restoring
of
the
Palsgrave
to
his
own
Country
:
Gundomore
assures
the
king
there
was
no
readier
way
to
recover
the
Pallatinate
,
then
by
making
a
match
between
Prince
Charles
and
the
Infanta
of
Spain
,
which
might
be
effected
,
if
the
Prince
were
sent
thither
;
whereupon
the
king
sends
him
with
Buckingham
,
Porter
and
Cottington
by
land
;
in
the
way
at
Paris
,
being
disguised
,
he
saw
the
Court
,
and
Princesse
Mary
,
whom
afterward
he
married
;
Gundomore
in
the
interim
obtains
of
some
Ladies
large
summes
of
money
for
places
with
the
Infanta
when
she
came
:
The
Prince
being
arrived
in
Spain
,
was
received
with
as
much
love
and
magnificence
as
could
be
expected
,
so
as
the
charge
of
his
This
match
was
hindred
by
the
falling
out
of
Buckingham
and
Count
Olvares
the
King
of
Spains
great
favourite
:
much
time
also
was
protracted
upon
pretence
of
difficulties
to
obtain
the
Popes
dispensation
;
wherefore
King
Iames
wearied
with
delayes
sends
for
the
Prince
home
,
who
having
taken
his
leave
of
the
King
of
Spain
,
returns
by
sea
,
and
lands
at
Portsmouth
,
to
the
great
joy
of
the
people
:
the
Articles
of
the
marriage
were
so
strict
and
large
for
exercise
of
the
Catholick
Religion
,
and
none
at
all
for
restoring
of
the
Palatinate
,
that
King
Iames
broke
off
all
treaty
of
the
marriage
,
and
signified
so
much
to
the
Spaniard
and
other
Princes
;
wherefore
a
consultation
is
had
for
recovering
it
by
Arms
:
to
this
end
a
great
contribution
by
way
of
benevolence
was
collected
for
raising
men
.
Then
another
match
was
thought
on
for
the
Prince
;
for
this
cause
the
Earls
of
Carlisle
and
Holland
are
sent
into
France
to
treat
of
a
marriage
with
the
younger
daughter
of
Henry
4.
which
was
accomplished
shortly
after
King
Iames
his
death
.
About
this
time
the
Archbishop
of
Spalato
was
burned
at
Rome
for
apostacie
;
he
came
into
this
Kingome
petending
Religion
,
as
he
shewed
in
his
writings
by
maintaining
This
year
was
fatal
by
the
fall
of
that
great
Cedar
King
Iames
,
the
wisest
,
fortunatest
,
and
most
peaceable
Prince
that
ever
was
in
this
lan●…
;
under
whose
Nicholas
Wilby
,
Dulwich
Alms-house
by
Edward
Allen
the
Player
,
the
History-Lecture
at
Oxford
by
Mr.
Cambden
,
three
thousand
and
six
hundred
pounds
given
to
good
uses
by
Mr.
Patyn
Grocer
of
London
,
Camden-Hospital
in
Glocestershire
founded
by
Sir
Baptist
Hicks
,
five
thousand
pounds
given
by
Mr.
Thomas
Teasdale
for
maintenance
of
seven
Fellows
and
five
Schollars
in
Ballyol
Colledge
,
three
fair
Hospitals
founded
by
Henry
Earl
of
Northampton
,
one
at
Rysing
in
Norfolk
,
a
second
at
Clun
in
Shropshire
,
the
third
at
Greenwich
in
Kent
,
8000
li
,
given
by
William
Iones
of
London
for
a
Free-school
and
Alms-houses
in
Wales
,
and
a
100
li.
for
ever
yearly
to
a
preacher
in
London
.
Not
to
speak
of
Chelsey-Colledge
,
divers
Churches
and
Chappels
by
private
men
,
and
other
sums
of
money
left
by
charitable
men
;
all
which
were
the
fruits
of
his
peaceable
government
:
and
among
the
rest
,
we
may
not
omit
the
Plantations
of
Ireland
,
Virginia
,
Barmudas
,
and
New-England
;
in
Virginia
,
the
first
Town
that
ever
was
built
there
bare
his
name
;
for
though
this
was
discovered
in
the
Queens
time
,
yet
it
was
not
planted
till
the
kings
:
the
next
was
the
plantation
of
the
Barmudas
,
and
the
last
of
New-England
,
the
patent
whereof
was
granted
by
king
Iames
to
Bristol
,
Exeter
,
and
Plimouth
.
In
his
time
also
divers
Schools
,
Churches
and
Hospitals
were
erected
in
Scotland
,
and
a
Plantation
by
the
Scots
was
thought
on
in
the
north
part
of
Canada
,
which
in
king
Charles
his
time
was
set
on
foot
.
This
king
Iames
for
his
wisdome
was
admired
of
foreign
Princes
,
for
learning
by
the
Universities
;
for
his
wise
,
just
,
and
peaceable
government
,
by
his
subjects
.
Protestanisme
had
never
a
greater
Champion
,
as
may
be
seen
by
his
books
,
by
his
care
in
causing
Conferences
to
be
held
in
Scotland
about
uniformity
of
Discipline
,
and
unity
of
Doctrine
;
about
expelling
Vorstius
out
of
Leyden
,
and
sending
Divines
to
the
Synod
of
Dort
,
and
his
learned
moderating
of
the
Conference
at
Hampton-Court
;
so
that
he
was
Plato's
Prince
,
a
Philosophical
King
,
or
a
Kingly
Philosopher
.
He
died
the
27.
of
March
,
the
59.
year
of
his
age
,
having
reigned
over
all
Great-Britain
22.
years
compleat
.
In
his
time
fell
out
divers
strange
accidents
;
the
great
Plague
,
whering
died
in
London
above
38000.
in
one
year
,
the
great
Frost
,
great
inundations
and
fires
,
chiefly
that
of
Dorchester
,
the
falling
of
the
room
at
Black-Friars
,
a
Whale
within
eight
miles
of
London
,
the
Blazing-star
,
the
killing
of
a
man
by
Archbishop
Abbot
.
CHAP.
XXXVI
.
A
Continuation
of
the
History
of
Great-Britain
,
under
King
Charles
,
from
the
yeare
1625.
till
the
yeare
1641.
PRince
Charles
being
about
the
age
of
25
yeares
,
is
proclaimed
King
of
Great-Britain
,
&c.
Who
shortly
after
his
Coronation
was
married
to
Henrieta
Maria
,
younger
daughter
of
King
Henry
4.
of
France
.
The
Match
was
made
upon
these
conditions
:
That
the
Popes
dispensation
should
be
procured
within
the
space
of
three
moneths
before
;
That
the
free
exercise
of
the
Catholike
Religion
be
permitted
to
the
Queen
and
her
servants
,
and
her
Children
;
that
therefore
she
should
be
allowed
her
Chappel
,
and
Burial-place
peculiar
to
herself
and
family
,
with
28
Priests
and
a
Bishop
chosen
by
the
French
king
,
who
should
be
exempted
from
the
Secular
power
;
And
that
King
Charles
should
sweare
never
to
withdraw
from
,
or
perswade
her
to
imbrace
any
other
Religion
.
Her
Portion
was
800000
Crowns
;
her
Dowry
18000
lib.
sterling
;
besides
so
much
Lands
as
should
maintain
her
and
her
Court
,
answerable
to
her
Greatnesse
.
Not
long
after
the
marriage
was
consummated
,
all
amity
with
Spain
is
rejected
,
and
Commerce
prohibited
:
a
Fleet
of
150
Sail
,
with
10000
Foot
and
some
Horse
,
are
sent
against
Spain
;
they
landed
at
Cadiz
,
but
were
beaten
back
into
their
ships
with
losse
,
by
Ferdinand
Gironius
;
the
ships
by
storms
in
their
return
were
much
shattered
,
many
of
the
passengers
died
with
sicknesse
and
cold
,
so
that
few
returned
home
.
This
unlucky
Expedition
hindred
the
League
that
was
made
between
England
,
Denmark
,
Swethland
,
Venice
and
Holland
,
against
the
House
of
Austria
.
The
next
yeare
,
King
Lewis
of
France
falls
out
with
King
Charles
of
Great-Britain
,
Iohn
Felton
,
which
caused
Notwithstanding
the
Dukes
death
,
the
Fleet
was
dispatched
to
the
reliefe
of
Eoch●…l
,
but
could
do
no
good
,
because
it
came
too
late
;
for
the
Town
was
begirt
with
impregnable
Barracadoes
and
Circumvallations
both
by
sea
and
land
,
so
that
re
infecta
it
returned
home
.
The
next
year
a
Parliament
is
called
;
Peace
is
concluded
with
France
;
A
new
Plantation
is
begun
in
America
,
called
New-England
.
Not
long
after
,
on
the
29.
of
May
,
Prince
Charles
was
borne
:
the
next
day
,
the
King
at
Pauls-Crosse
gave
thanks
to
God
for
the
Queens
safe
William
Forbes
of
Aberden
(
an
eminent
man
for
learning
)
Bishop
there
;
but
he
died
shortly
after
,
being
vexed
by
the
people
of
that
place
,
who
could
not
endure
to
be
subject
to
a
Bishop
.
The
King
having
called
a
Parliament
there
,
in
which
some
things
in
favour
of
the
Church
were
enacted
,
which
pleased
not
divers
of
the
Great
ones
there
;
whereupon
the
King
returns
abruptly
into
England
,
which
was
ill
resented
by
the
Scots
Lords
.
The
next
year
following
,
King
Charles
for
maintenance
of
his
Navy
,
raised
Edinburgh
,
Iuly
23.
upon
the
reading
of
the
New
Service-book
in
S.
Giles
Church
,
the
Women
beginning
the
fray
by
flinging
their
stools
and
Bibles
at
the
Deans
head
,
as
he
was
reading
;
who
hardly
escaped
,
with
the
Bishop
,
out
of
the
Church
with
their
lives
:
But
the
tumult
was
appeased
by
the
Privy-Councellors
then
present
,
and
the
Bishop
conveyed
away
by
the
Lord
Weems
.
So
things
remained
quiet
till
the
next
Spring
,
that
new
troubles
arose
.
A
Generall
Assembly
,
against
the
Kings
command
,
is
held
at
Glascow
,
in
which
the
Bishops
are
deposed
,
excommunicated
,
and
abjured
;
the
Articles
of
Perth
,
Service-book
,
and
Canons
are
rejected
by
the
Presbyterian
Assembly
,
who
also
impose
an
Oath
and
Covenant
upon
the
people
,
the
chief
promoters
whereof
were
three
Ministers
,
Henderson
,
Dickson
,
and
Cant
;
who
comming
to
Aberden
,
received
some
stop
by
the
learned
Divines
there
,
who
would
not
condiscend
that
the
Covenant
should
be
propounded
or
recommended
in
their
Pulpits
to
the
People
under
their
charge
,
till
they
were
satisfied
in
these
demands
.
1.
By
what
warrant
or
power
they
imposed
a
Covenant
on
them
,
seeing
they
were
not
authorised
by
the
King
nor
his
Councel
,
nor
any
established
Judicatory
or
National
Synod
.
2.
Whether
they
ought
to
subscribe
a
Covenant
of
mutual
defence
by
arms
,
seeing
such
Covenants
are
forbid
by
Parliament
,
an.
1585.
3.
Whether
they
ought
to
feare
any
danger
of
Innovation
in
Religion
,
seeing
the
King
hath
protested
,
declared
and
sworn
to
the
contrary
,
and
hath
removed
all
occasions
of
fear
,
as
the
Service-book
,
Canons
,
and
High-commission
.
4.
What
reason
is
there
for
them
to
abjure
Episcopacie
and
the
Articles
of
Perth
,
and
to
have
an
interpretation
of
the
Negative
Confession
imposed
on
them
against
their
judgments
.
5.
Whether
the
abjuring
of
the
late
introduced
Rites
,
be
not
an
assent
that
the
former
Rites
are
unchangeable
;
whereas
all
Rites
according
to
times
and
occasions
may
be
changed
.
6.
Whether
the
abjuring
of
Perth-Articles
be
not
a
contradicting
of
the
judgment
of
most
modern
Divines
,
who
hold
them
in
their
own
nature
lawfull
;
as
also
a
condemning
of
the
ancient
Church
,
which
practised
them
.
7.
Whether
they
can
abjure
these
Rites
as
Popish
,
which
according
to
the
light
of
their
conscience
and
sincerity
of
their
hearts
,
they
have
practised
as
lawfull
so
many
years
;
And
whether
they
ought
not
to
have
some
time
given
them
to
consider
of
so
weighty
a
businesse
.
8.
Whether
the
Kings
person
ought
not
to
be
defended
,
though
he
preserve
not
the
true
Religion
.
9.
Whether
this
can
be
consistent
;
To
swear
to
maintain
the
Kings
authority
,
and
yet
swear
disobedience
to
the
Articles
established
by
his
authority
.
10.
Whether
the
abjuration
of
Perth-Articles
be
not
prejudicial
to
the
liberty
of
Voting
in
a
National
Assembly
.
11.
Whether
the
subscription
to
the
Profession
of
Faith
,
registred
an.
1567.
in
Parliament
,
be
not
sufficient
to
shew
the
sincerity
of
their
Profession
.
12.
Whether
the
late
practise
of
the
Covenanters
in
contemning
Authority
,
and
Gods
service
in
his
own
house
,
on
his
own
day
,
as
to
lay
violent
hands
on
the
Prelates
and
Pastors
in
time
of
Divine
service
,
whilst
they
practise
what
the
King
and
his
Councel
commanded
:
I
say
,
whether
these
disorders
are
tolerable
,
or
is
it
fit
that
the
Anticovenanters
should
joyn
with
them
.
13.
How
this
Covenant
can
be
subscribed
without
scandal
;
first
,
of
dissenting
from
other
Reformed
Churches
;
secondly
,
of
dissenting
from
Antiquity
;
thirdly
,
of
perjury
,
having
sworn
obedience
to
the
Articles
of
Perth
,
and
to
the
Ordinary
at
their
admission
to
the
Ministery
.
14.
Whether
these
Covenanting
Ministers
can
with
reason
desire
the
use
of
our
Pulpits
,
to
withdraw
(
say
they
)
our
Flocks
from
their
obedience
and
allegiance
,
and
that
Doctrine
which
we
in
our
conscience
think
to
be
true
?
To
these
Quaere's
the
Covenanting
Ministers
put
in
their
Answers
,
but
such
as
were
not
satisfying
to
the
Divines
of
Aberden
,
as
may
be
seen
in
their
Replies
and
Duplies
.
The
Bishops
also
protested
and
declared
against
the
Assembly
at
Glascow
,
as
being
altogether
unlawfull
,
because
it
met
without
the
Kings
warrant
;
because
it
consisted
of
more
Lay-men
then
Ministers
;
because
most
of
these
Ministers
were
scandalous
either
in
their
lives
or
doctrine
,
or
both
;
because
they
were
enemies
and
persecutors
of
the
Bishops
,
to
whom
they
owed
Canonical
obedience
,
and
that
it
was
unreasonable
they
should
be
both
Judges
and
parties
;
and
because
they
are
such
Ministers
as
have
not
sworn
to
the
Articles
of
Religion
,
nor
taken
the
oath
of
Allegiance
,
and
usurp
more
authority
to
themselves
then
can
stand
with
the
freedome
of
an
Assembly
;
and
as
justly
might
the
Bishops
except
against
this
Assembly
,
which
hath
already
precondemned
Episcopacie
,
as
Athanasius
,
Hosius
of
Corduba
,
and
Maximus
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
did
except
against
some
partial
and
prejudicating
Councels
,
or
Luther
against
the
Councel
of
Trent
,
because
he
was
precondemned
by
Pope
Leo.
But
these
Reasons
of
the
Bishops
were
slighted
,
and
the
Assembly
notwithstanding
proceeded
,
though
the
King
sends
the
Marquis
Hamilton
to
dissolve
it
:
For
the
Presbyterial
side
prevails
more
and
more
;
who
made
an
Act
against
the
Bishops
,
and
expelled
them
the
kingdom
;
whereat
the
King
was
so
angry
,
that
he
caused
the
Scots
ships
here
to
be
seised
,
and
their
Trading
with
England
to
be
prohibited
.
Mean
while
,
the
Queen-mother
of
France
,
King
Henry
the
Fourths
widdow
,
came
to
London
,
Octob.
31.
whom
the
King
received
courteously
,
and
entertained
royally
.
In
November
Proclamation
is
made
against
the
Assembly
in
Scotland
,
by
the
King
:
but
it
was
so
slighted
,
that
an
Army
is
raised
by
the
Presbyterian
Scots
;
against
whom
the
Bishops
contribute
and
raise
among
the
Clergie
great
sums
of
mony
,
for
maintaining
of
an
Army
against
the
Presbyterians
.
The
next
year
,
about
the
27.
of
March
,
the
King
begins
his
journy
About
the
midst
of
October
the
former
year
,
the
Spanish
Fleet
,
close
by
the
English
shore
,
for
want
of
powder
and
ammunition
(
which
they
alleadged
the
King
had
promised
them
)
were
defeated
by
the
Hollanders
:
There
were
in
this
Fleet
8000
Spaniards
,
which
should
have
been
planted
among
the
Wallons
,
and
so
many
of
them
to
be
transported
into
Spain
.
About
the
same
time
also
,
a
Bill
is
exhibited
against
the
Londoners
,
for
some
misdemeanors
committed
by
their
Under-officers
about
London-Derry
;
wherefore
in
the
Star-chamber
the
Londoners
are
fined
,
and
their
Plantation
forfeited
to
the
King
,
whereupon
the
Citizens
would
not
contribute
or
advance
any
sums
of
mony
towards
this
expedition
against
the
Scots
.
When
the
King
saw
he
could
raise
no
mony
,
and
that
the
common-souldiers
would
not
engage
;
upon
the
earnest
intreaties
of
the
Lords
,
he
summons
a
Parliament
at
Westminster
,
the
3.
of
November
.
But
before
we
conclude
this
History
,
I
will
speak
a
little
more
fully
of
these
fatal
begun
troubles
in
Scotland
.
When
the
King
understood
what
Forces
were
raising
there
,
he
sends
to
Marquis
Douglasse
,
to
the
Earle
of
Nidsdale
,
to
Traquair
the
Treasurer
,
to
Roxburgh
and
other
Lords
of
his
side
,
to
be
ready
The
King
was
not
well
pleased
with
these
particulars
;
therefore
the
Lord
Lowden
desires
him
,
that
he
would
but
confirm
their
Religion
and
Liberties
according
to
the
Ecclesiastical
and
Civil
lawes
of
Scotland
,
and
that
should
content
them
:
Upon
this
,
the
King
declares
,
That
he
will
confirm
the
Canons
of
the
Assembly
of
Glascow
,
concerning
the
abolition
of
the
Liturgie
,
High-Commission
,
Book
of
Canons
,
with
the
five
Articles
of
Perth
;
That
the
Ministers
shall
be
bound
to
take
no
other
Oath
at
their
admission
,
but
what
is
prescribed
in
Parliament
,
and
that
the
Bishops
shall
stand
to
the
censure
of
the
General
Assembly
of
Glascow
;
and
that
all
things
shall
be
determined
by
the
Assembly
and
Parliament
which
shall
be
held
in
Edinburgh
the
next
August
,
in
which
an
Act
of
Oblivion
shall
passe
,
and
at
which
he
will
be
present
himself
;
and
withall
he
promiseth
to
restore
their
ships
and
goods
,
and
to
recall
his
fleet
,
conditionally
they
will
disarm
and
disband
their
Armies
,
and
dissolve
their
tables
and
meetings
,
and
that
they
will
restore
his
Forts
and
Castles
,
with
their
Ammunition
,
as
likewise
the
Crown
,
Scepter
and
Sword
,
with
his
other
Royal
ornaments
;
and
besides
,
that
they
will
suffer
his
good
subjects
to
enjoy
their
lands
and
liberties
,
which
have
been
detained
from
them
since
the
last
Assembly
.
The
peace
being
concluded
,
and
the
Armies
disbanded
,
the
King
is
received
into
Edingburgh
with
great
solemnity
,
and
his
Castles
are
restored
,
on
condition
that
they
shall
not
be
victualled
for
above
four
and
twenty
hours
at
a
time
.
But
shortly
after
the
King
declared
,
that
he
would
have
the
Bishops
sit
in
the
General
Assembly
,
which
was
denied
;
and
the
Bishops
were
excomunicated
,
and
withal
two
hundred
thousand
pounds
is
demanded
to
be
raised
upon
the
Bishops
lands
and
estates
,
for
satisfaction
of
the
damages
sustained
by
the
detention
of
the
ships
in
England
:
the
Parliament
then
sitting
,
rather
favoured
the
Assembly
then
hindred
it
,
or
discountenanced
their
proceedings
,
wherefore
the
King
would
have
adjourned
the
Parliament
till
Iune
the
next
year
,
which
could
not
be
assented
to
;
but
four
Deputies
are
sent
to
the
King
to
compose
all
differences
.
In
the
interim
,
new
forces
are
raised
both
in
England
and
Ireland
,
whilst
the
Scots
Commissioners
are
kindly
entertained
at
Court
;
The
Presbyterian
Scots
understanding
that
both
the
Armies
of
England
and
Ireland
were
ready
to
march
,
enter
presently
into
a
Covenant
which
they
called
National
,
and
tax
the
tenth
part
of
their
estates
toward
maintenance
of
the
war
;
sixteen
thousand
men
are
raised
under
the
conduct
of
Argile
,
to
guard
the
Sea-coast
,
and
hinder
the
Irish
forces
from
landing
:
The
like
number
is
to
be
in
readinesse
against
the
King
begins
his
march
.
They
would
not
suffer
Generall
Ruven
,
governour
then
of
Edinburgh-Castle
,
to
repair
a
part
of
the
wall
that
was
fallen
down
;
nor
would
they
suffer
the
Garrison-souldiers
to
go
out
and
in
,
but
at
their
devotion
;
therefore
they
place
a
guard
of
five
hundred
men
before
the
Castle
gate
,
and
raised
a
Fort
in
the
Town
to
keep
the
Castle
in
awe
,
and
raised
a
Rampart
to
keep
off
the
bullets
that
might
be
shot
against
the
City
.
Mean
while
the
English
Fleet
puts
to
Sea
;
and
the
Land-forces
of
England
consisting
of
forty
thousand
,
are
divided
into
three
bodies
,
under
Hamilton
,
Goring
,
and
Northumberland
.
The
Scots
main
body
consisted
of
thirty
thousand
under
General
Lesly
in
Lothien
,
the
rest
of
their
Army
was
employed
to
guard
the
borders
and
coasts
on
all
sides
,
to
wit
,
six
thousand
under
the
Lord
Leviston
near
Kelso
;
Lothien
and
Iohnson
had
the
command
of
eight
thousand
on
the
Western
marches
;
Rothes
and
Lindsey
commanded
fifteen
thousand
in
Fife
;
Montrosse
and
the
Earl
Marshal
encamped
near
Aberden
with
twelve
thousand
,
besides
they
had
a
garrison
of
two
thousand
within
the
City
.
Argile
guards
the
coast
on
the
Irish-seas
with
sixteen
thousand
.
In
the
interim
the
Lord
Lowden
one
of
the
four
Scots
Commissioners
,
is
sent
to
the
Tower
,
for
having
about
him
a
copy
of
the
Scots
Declaration
which
had
been
burned
.
This
incensed
the
Scots
so
much
the
more
,
complaining
that
the
imprisoning
of
their
Commissioner
was
against
the
Law
of
Nations
;
the
King
sends
Commissioners
to
examine
him
in
the
Tower
,
to
whom
he
would
not
answer
,
being
a
subject
of
Scotland
,
where
he
ought
to
be
examined
and
tried
by
his
Peers
;
and
also
told
them
,
that
what
he
was
accused
of
was
acted
before
the
Pacification
1639.
when
an
Act
of
oblivion
passed
.
Hereupon
he
is
enlarged
and
imployed
by
the
King
in
a
new
Commission
into
Scotland
,
to
settle
the
troubles
there
.
Whilst
these
things
are
acting
,
Edinburgh
raiseth
two
Batteries
against
the
Castle
,
the
great
Ordnance
play
upon
each
other
without
any
great
hurt
;
at
length
the
Governour
is
summoned
to
deliver
up
the
Castle
within
fifteen
dayes
;
which
time
being
expired
,
and
the
Castle
not
likely
to
be
surrendred
,
the
great
Artillery
from
the
batteries
plaid
so
furiously
on
it
,
that
a
breach
was
made
in
the
wall
;
there
were
also
two
Mines
sprung
which
did
great
hurt
,
the
Governours
son
lost
his
arm
by
a
canon-bullet
;
at
last
they
come
to
a
parley
,
the
Governour
desires
to
acquaint
the
King
with
the
state
of
the
Castle
before
he
deliver
it
up
,
which
was
granted
by
the
City
,
and
so
followed
a
cessation
from
hostility
.
The
Scots
in
the
interim
(
whose
intention
at
first
was
onely
to
stand
upon
their
own
defence
)
to
keep
their
souldiers
from
idlenesse
,
enter
England
with
thirty
thousand
;
fifteen
thousand
march
into
Cumberland
,
and
the
other
fifteen
thousand
.
into
Northumberland
,
with
a
Declaration
that
they
come
in
as
friends
,
not
as
enemies
,
for
no
other
end
but
to
have
a
ratification
of
the
last
years
Treaty
;
they
promise
also
to
take
nothing
but
what
they
shall
pay
for
.
The
King
being
at
York
with
six
thousand
horse
,
and
eighteen
thousand
foot
,
understood
that
the
Scots
were
marching
towards
Newcastle
,
therefore
sends
fifteen
hundred
horse
,
with
a
battalion
of
Infantry
to
dispute
the
passage
over
the
Tine
;
a
skirmish
followed
,
in
which
four
hundred
of
the
English
were
slain
,
and
two
hundred
Scots
,
whose
Army
being
far
greater
then
the
other
,
caused
them
to
retreat
.
Then
the
Scots
for
two
hours
lay
siege
to
Newcastle
,
which
upon
the
first
summons
opened
their
gates
.
Then
the
Scots
make
themselves
masters
of
Hartpool
,
and
of
two
Castles
on
the
Tine
.
Upon
this
the
King
sends
to
them
to
know
their
demands
,
and
withall
disswades
them
from
advancing
any
further
with
their
Army
;
the
Scots
return
a
petition
to
the
King
,
wherein
they
desire
a
free
Parliament
for
ending
of
all
differences
,
and
setling
of
a
solid
peace
;
the
English
Lords
being
assembled
at
York
,
desire
likewise
of
the
King
that
he
would
call
a
Parliament
,
which
at
last
was
assented
to
,
and
five
and
twenty
thousand
pounds
Sterling
was
assigned
to
the
Scots
towards
the
defraying
of
their
charges
;
in
the
mean
time
the
Castle
of
Edinburgh
is
delivered
up
,
and
some
English
horse
,
with
five
hundred
of
their
foot
,
(
which
were
sent
from
Barwick
to
Dunce
,
to
carry
away
nine
peeces
of
Ordnance
left
there
by
the
Scots
)
are
defeated
and
slain
by
the
Lord
Haddington
.
Hitherto
we
have
seen
King
Charles
in
his
glory
:
but
now
,
[
Nox
atra
caput
tristi
circumvolat
umbra
]
The
bright
day
of
his
Reign
is
overcast
with
a
dark
Quem
dies
vidit
veniens
superbum
Hunc
dies
vidit
fugiens
jacentem
.
In
the
tragedy
of
his
life
,
we
may
see
the
catastrophe
of
humane
felicity
.
Kings
are
crowned
with
thorns
as
well
as
with
gold
;
and
with
Peter
they
walke
upon
the
waters
;
their
heads
like
Nebuchadnezzars
Image
are
of
gold
,
but
their
feet
are
of
clay
;
they
live
like
gods
,
but
dye
like
men
:
Quisquamne
regno
gandet
?
O
fallax
bonum
,
Quan●…um
malorum
,
quam
fronte
blanda
tegis
?
U●…
alta
ventos
semper
excipiunt
juga
,
Rupemque
saxis
vasta
dirimentem
freta
,
And
here
I
will
conclude
,
being
arrived
into
the
wish'd
for
Harbour
:
&
nunc
immensum
spatiis
confecimus
aequor
:
I
have
sailed
over
a
great
Sea
,
and
it's
time
to
cast
anchor
.
I
will
not
venture
upon
the
stormy
rocks
,
quick-sands
,
contrary
tides
,
and
whirlpools
of
these
last
ten
years
,
lest
I
make
shipwrack
,
and
so
be
forced
to
hang
up
my
wet
cloaths
in
Neptunes
temple
:
Ne
me
tabula
sacer
votiva
paries
indicet
uvida
suspendisse
potenti
vestimenta
maris
Deo.
In
the
mean
while
,
let
us
beseech
Almighty
God
,
who
hath
set
bounds
to
the
Sea
,
and
to
its
proud
waves
,
who
holdeth
the
winds
in
his
fist
,
whose
word
is
fulfilled
by
fire
and
hail
,
snow
,
vapour
and
stormy
wind
,
that
he
will
be
pleased
to
appease
this
storm
which
hath
lasted
so
many
years
among
us
,
and
to
asswage
this
tempestuous
wind
,
worse
then
Euroclydon
,
which
vexed
St.
Paul
and
his
passengers
;
that
he
would
bring
again
the
Sun
and
Stars
so
long
hid
from
us
,
and
that
he
would
conduct
the
weather-beaten
ship
of
this
Church
and
State
into
the
harbour
of
Tranquility
;
that
at
last
enjoying
some
serenity
and
Halcion
dayes
,
we
may
sit
securely
under
our
Vines
and
Fig-trees
,
and
sing
the
songs
of
Sion
in
our
own
Land.
Amen
.
FINIS
.
A
BRIEF
CHRONOLOGY
OF
THE
Principal
Passages
Faln
out
in
the
WORLD
:
FROM
THE
MACEDONIAN
KINGDOM
,
TILL
The
last
TEN
YEARS
:
Divided
into
180
DECADS
,
containing
1800
YEARS
;
BY
ALEXANDER
ROSSE
.
LONDON
,
Printed
for
Iohn
Saywell
,
and
are
to
bee
sold
at
his
Shop
,
at
the
sign
of
the
Greyhound
in
little-Britain
,
without
Adlersgate
,
M.
DC
.
LII
.
TO
THE
RIGHT
WORSHIPFULL
Sr
JUSTINIAN
EISOM
,
KNIGHT
and
BARONET
.
SIR
;
AS
Aeneas
after
seven
Years
tossing
and
tumbling
upon
the
impetuous
Billows
of
the
angry
and
enraged
Sea
(
Per
Syrtes
&
inhospita
saxa
)
was
at
last
so
happy
as
to
cast
Anchor
in
his
long-wish'd
for
Harbour
,
(
Sedes
ubi
Fata
quietas
ostendunt
;
)
So
I
having
some
Years
crossed
the
Ocean
of
History
,
(
where
likewise
I
have
been
crossed
by
Storms
and
contrary
Winds
and
Tides
)
at
last
have
sheltered
my
Weather-beaten
Historicall-Ship
,
under
the
Lee-shore
of
a
knowing
and
honourable
Patron
.
I
have
adventured
also
to
secure
this
Chronologicall
Cock-Boat
under
the
Cliffe
of
your
Protection
,
being
throughly
acquainted
with
your
Worth
,
Ingenuity
,
and
Learning
.
That
Latin-Piece
you
set
me
upon
,
wherein
I
shew
how
farr
short
the
Latin
Poets
are
of
Virgill
,
is
not
as
yet
come
to
perfection
;
in
the
interim
I
was
desirous
,
as
an
earnest
of
that
,
to
present
you
with
this
Piece
;
not
doubting
but
ere
long
I
shall
be
able
to
give
a
full
account
of
my
Pains
in
the
other
;
So
with
a
thankfull
recognition
of
your
Favours
towards
me
,
I
take
leave
,
and
will
ever
be
found
(
SIR
)
Your
humble
servant
,
ALEXANDER
ROSSE
.
A
brief
CHRONOLOGIE
Of
the
Principall
Passages
since
the
end
of
the
MACEDONIAN
KINGDOME
till
these
present
Times
,
according
to
the
years
of
CHRIST
,
before
or
after
his
Birth
:
Divided
into
Decads
.
IOnathas
brother
to
Iudas
is
made
General
of
the
Jewes
.
Demetrius
encroacheth
on
his
Neighbours
,
is
overcome
and
slain
by
Alexander
the
supposed
son
of
Epiphanes
.
The
Dalmatian
War
,
and
then
the
Spanish
under
Claudus
,
Lucullus
,
and
Scipio
.
Simon
succeedeth
Ionathas
,
he
takes
Gaza
,
raseth
Sion
,
&c.
is
slain
with
his
two
sons
Mattathias
Iudas
;
Iohn
escapeth
.
Ptolomy
Physcon
or
Evergetes
marrieth
Cleopatra
the
mother
,
kills
her
son
,
and
then
marrieth
her
daughter
.
The
third
Punic
War
,
and
Carthage
destroyed
.
Iohn
Hyrcanus
succeeds
his
father
,
besiegeth
Ptolomy
,
makes
peace
with
Antiochus
Pius
,
demolisheth
the
Temple
on
Mount
Garizim
,
reneweth
the
League
with
the
Romans
,
besiegeth
The
Servil
war
in
Sicily
.
Numantia
destroyed
.
Demetrius
freed
from
the
Parthian
captivity
,
to
him
succeeds
his
son
Antiochus
Gryphus
.
Antiochus
Cyzicenus
brother
to
Grypus
,
makes
war
against
him
.
Ptolomy
Lathurus
or
Lamyrus
reigns
four
years
with
his
Mother
,
by
whom
he
is
expelled
.
The
Romans
make
war
against
the
Thracians
,
and
Dalmatians
,
and
Mithridates
King
of
Pontus
and
Iugurtha
.
Aristobulus
the
first
King
of
Iudaea
since
Zedechias
.
Ptolomy
Lathurus
kills
his
Mother
,
and
assumes
again
the
Government
.
The
Romans
make
war
against
the
Cymbrians
.
Alexander
Iamnaeus
son
of
Hircanus
,
brother
to
Aristobulus
,
obtains
divers
Victories
against
Ptolomy
Alexander
,
Cleopatra's
other
son
,
is
forced
by
her
to
marry
Selene
,
taken
from
Ptolomy
Lathurus
by
Cleopatra
.
At
Rome
,
Metellus
is
banished
and
revoked
.
Marius
raiseth
sedition
at
home
,
and
stirs
up
Mithridates
abroad
.
Rutilius
condemned
for
extortion
in
Asia
.
Livius
Drusus
slain
for
raising
sedition
.
The
Marsi
and
others
in
Italy
make
war
against
the
Romans
.
Hanna
the
Prophetesse
becometh
a
widow
;
the
Pharisees
overcome
Alexander
;
he
crucifieth
the
authors
of
the
Rebellion
,
and
kills
their
wives
and
children
;
he
falls
sick
of
a
Tigranes
King
of
Armenia
is
invited
by
the
Syrians
,
over
whom
he
reigneth
18.
years
in
peace
.
Aretas
King
of
Arabia
obtaineth
Damascus
,
by
killing
Antiochus
Dionysius
the
fifth
brother
of
Seleucus
.
Latharus
returns
to
his
Kingdome
of
Aegypt
.
Pompey
,
father
,
to
Pompey
the
Great
,
defeateth
the
Piceni
,
with
others
.
Scylla
overcommeth
the
Samnites
.
Sulpitius
slain
by
Scylla
,
Cato
by
the
Marsi
,
Octavius
and
Merula
by
Cinna
.
Scylla
hath
diver●…
Victories
.
Rome
besieged
by
Marius
,
Carbo
,
Cinna
and
Sertorius
.
Pompey
killed
with
thunder
,
Cinna
stoned
,
Marius
slain
.
Alexandra
Sabonne
,
wife
of
Iamnaeus
,
great
with
the
Pharisees
.
Ptolomy
Anletes
,
so
called
from
his
delight
in
Musical
Instruments
,
King
of
Aegypt
,
he
was
M.
Antony
,
he
dieth
about
this
time
.
Antiochus
Cizicerus
●…urks
in
Cilicia
till
Tigranes
was
defeated
by
Lucullus
,
who
again
restores
him
to
his
Kingdome
of
Syria
.
At
Rome
,
Scylla
tyrannizeth
,
then
dieth
.
Lepidus
defeated
.
Sertorius
rebels
in
Spain
,
who
beats
Pompey
and
Metellus
,
Mithridates
overcome
by
Lucullus
,
the
Dardani
by
Scribonius
,
Cassius
by
Spartacus
,
who
is
at
last
defeated
and
slain
by
Crassus
:
Nicomedes
of
Bithynia
makes
Rome
his
heir
;
It's
made
a
Province
.
Aristobulus
possesseth
two
and
twenty
Castles
,
overcomes
Hircanus
,
and
deposeth
him
.
Antipater
,
Herods
father
,
attempts
the
restoring
of
Hircanus
.
Aretas
the
Arabian
besiegeth
Rome
,
Alexander
the
younger
escapeth
.
Syria
with
Cilicia
is
made
a
Province
by
Pompey
;
Tigranes
submits
to
him
,
who
deposeth
Antiochus
for
not
keeping
his
Kingdome
when
he
had
it
.
At
Rome
the
Capitol
is
rebuilt
.
Metellus
ends
the
three
years
war
in
Crete
,
called
therefore
Creticus
.
Pompey
ends
the
Pyratical
war
,
and
hath
divers
victories
.
Catelines
Conspiracy
defeated
.
Clodius
defloureth
Pompeia
.
Pompey
triumpheth
.
Helvetians
attempt
Gaule
.
Alexander
the
Jew
submits
to
Gabinus
,
then
rebels
,
and
is
defeated
.
Crassus
robs
the
Temple
In
Syria
,
Gabinius
is
President
;
he
brings
seventeen
millions
to
Rome
,
is
banished
,
and
Crassus
sent
in
his
place
,
who
was
slain
by
the
Parthians
,
and
melted
gold
put
in
his
mouth
.
The
Parthians
expelled
out
of
Syria
by
Cassius
.
In
Aegypt
,
Ptolomy
is
deposed
by
his
Subjects
,
is
restored
by
Pompey
;
his
daughter
whom
the
Aegyptians
made
their
Queen
,
strangleth
her
husband
,
and
marrieth
one
Archelaus
;
both
are
killed
by
Gabinius
,
when
Ptolomy
was
restored
;
To
him
succeeds
Ptolomy
Dionysius
,
with
his
sister
and
wife
Cleopatra
.
At
Rome
,
Crassus
,
Pompey
,
and
Caesar
make
a
league
;
Caesar
subdues
the
Galliceans
,
hath
Illyria
and
Gaule
assigned
him
for
five
years
,
makes
war
with
the
Gauls
nine
years
,
defeateth
Ariovistus
,
makes
an
attempt
upon
Brittain
,
envied
by
Pompey
,
he
had
many
victories
,
he
retains
his
Army
for
his
own
defence
.
Cicero
banished
and
restored
.
Aristobulus
released
by
Caesar
,
and
slain
by
the
Pompeians
,
his
son
Alexander
beheaded
by
Scipio
at
Antioch
.
Antipater
made
Governour
of
Iudaea
,
who
makes
Phaselus
his
eldest
son
Rome
.
Antipater
poysoned
by
Malichus
,
and
is
killed
by
Herod
,
whom
Cassius
makes
Governour
of
Cael●…-Syria
.
Antigonus
son
of
Aristobulus
invades
Galilee
,
whom
Herod
expelleth
,
who
with
Phaselus
are
made
Tetrarchs
of
Iudaea
by
Antony
.
A●…tigonus
takes
Ierusalem
by
meanes
of
Pacorus
the
Pa●…thian
,
and
lends
Hircanus
and
Phaselus
bound
to
Galilee
.
Phaselus
dasheth
out
his
own
brains
.
Herod
escaped
into
Aegypt
.
In
Aegypt
,
Ptolomy
banisheth
Cleopatra
,
who
takes
Caesar
for
her
Protector
.
Ptolomies
Tutors
kill
Pompey
.
Ptolomy
defeated
by
Caesar
,
and
is
drowned
.
Alexandria
and
the
Library
burnt
by
Caesar
,
who
setleth
Cleopatra
;
she
poysoneth
her
brother
,
and
kills
her
sister
Arsinoe
;
she
dissolves
a
Pearl
in
Vinegar
;
Antony
doats
on
her
.
At
Rome
,
the
civil
war
between
Caesar
and
Pompey
lasted
four
years
;
Pompey
defeated
in
Pharsalia
,
and
flyeth
into
Aegypt
;
Caesar
hath
divers
Victories
,
and
is
made
Dictator
;
Pompey's
son
stirred
up
by
Cato
and
others
to
renew
the
war
;
Scipio
slain
;
Cato
kills
himself
;
Caesar
subdues
Africk
,
makes
Numidia
a
Province
,
defeats
Pompey's
son
in
Spain
,
and
kills
him
,
reformes
the
Kalendar
,
and
is
slain
with
23
wounds
.
Herod
made
King
of
Iudaea
,
gets
many
Victories
,
takes
Ioppe
,
recovers
Galilee
,
overthrows
Antigonus
,
marries
Mariamne
the
Neece
of
Hircanus
,
takes
Ierusalem
,
and
beheads
Antigonus
,
Syria
is
regained
by
Ventidius
from
Pacorus
the
Parthian
.
At
Rome
,
Octavius
and
Antony
are
reconciled
;
Sext.
Pompeius
seizeth
on
the
Corn
going
for
Rome
,
with
whom
Octavius
hath
war
;
at
last
Pompey
flyeth
into
Parthia
,
and
is
killed
.
Lepidus
resigns
his
Triumvirate
.
Antony
hath
bad
successe
in
Parthia
;
The
Dalmatian
and
Panonian
war
;
Africk
,
Iudaea
,
and
Spain
subdued
;
Mauritania
made
a
Province
;
divers
other
places
subdued
;
Octavius
and
Antony
at
variance
about
Cleopatra
;
the
battel
at
Actium
;
Antony
is
defeated
,
and
kils
himself
.
In
Iudaea
,
Mariamne
executed
,
with
Alexandra
,
and
others
of
Antigonus
his
Faction
by
Herod
;
His
buildings
at
Ierusalem
,
at
Samaria
,
which
he
called
Sebaste
,
and
Caesaria
,
called
In
Aegypt
,
Cleopatra
kills
her self
;
Aegypt
is
made
a
Province
.
At
Rome
,
the
Temple
of
Ianus
is
shut
;
Octavius
triumpheth
,
and
is
called
Augustus
.
Gallus
President
of
Aegypt
is
banished
,
and
kills
himself
;
Spain
subdued
;
the
Pantheon
built
;
Tyber
breaks
in
upon
Rome
.
In
Iudaea
,
Herod
builds
a
Temple
of
white
Marble
to
Augustus
,
reedifieth
the
Temple
of
Ierusalem
,
Rome
.
Agrippa
entertained
by
Herod
at
Ierusalem
;
he
accuseth
his
two
sons
Aristob
.
and
Alexander
by
Mariamne
.
At
Rome
,
Augustus
confines
the
Senate
to
a
lesse
number
;
Agrippa
recovereth
the
Roman
Ensigns
taken
by
Mithridates
,
and
regains
the
Colours
which
were
lost
by
Crassus
and
Antony
.
Augustus
adopteth
Agrippa's
sons
by
his
daughter
.
Agrippa
overcommeth
the
Spanish
slaves
,
and
the
Bosphori
,
but
refuseth
a
Triumph
.
Tiberius
subdueth
the
Panonii
,
and
is
made
Colleague
to
Augustus
.
Drusus
overcommeth
the
Frisians
.
In
Iudaea
,
Herod
is
reconciled
to
Augustus
,
he
accuseth
his
sons
,
and
they
are
executed
.
Antipater
conspireth
against
his
father
,
and
is
put
to
death
;
A
Tax
is
imposed
on
the
Jews
Cyrenius
.
Iohn
the
Baptist
is
born
,
and
six
moneths
after
our
Saviour
Jesus
Christ
:
Herod
commands
the
children
of
Bethleem
to
be
murthered
,
he
dieth
shortly
after
;
Archelaus
succeeds
:
Antipater
Tetrarch
of
Galilee
,
and
Philip
of
Trachonitis
:
At
the
Passeover
3000.
J●…ws
slain
.
At
Rome
,
Claudius
the
son
of
Drusus
is
born
,
Drusus
is
killed
with
a
fall
from
his
horse
:
Tiberius
triumpheth
,
and
hath
the
Tribunes
power
for
five
years
,
to
keep
under
Caius
and
Lucius
,
Augustus
his
Nephews
:
A
general
Tax
over
the
Roman
world
;
the
Temple
of
Ianus
shut
the
third
time
.
Varus
President
of
Syria
pillageth
the
countrey
.
Caius
Caesar
parteth
Herods
lands
among
his
children
.
Lollius
being
accused
of
Treason
,
slew
himself
.
Augustus
forbids
any
man
to
call
him
Lord.
Christ
is
born
in
Bethleem
.
Archelaus
confirmed
by
Augustus
.
Christ
flyeth
into
Aegypt
.
Archelaus
marrieth
incestuously
with
his
brother
Alexanders
widow
;
is
accused
to
the
Senate
At
Rome
,
Augustus
adopteth
Tiberius
.
Armenia
is
left
by
the
Parthian
to
the
Romans
.
Ariobarzanes
governour
of
Armenia
.
Cinna
conspireth
against
Augustus
,
is
pardoned
and
made
Consul
.
Agrippa
Nephew
to
Augustus
banished
for
his
insolencies
;
and
Iulia
,
Augustus
his
daughter
for
adultery
.
Germanicus
makes
war
in
Dalmatia
.
Ovid
banished
.
Vespasian
born
.
Magicians
and
Astrologers
expelled
Rome
,
the
Panonians
sue
for
peace
.
In
Iudaea
,
the
Samaritans
prophane
the
Temple
;
Christ
disputeth
there
:
Iudas
Gaulonites
Caesarea
Philippi
built
by
Philip
the
Tetrarch
,
in
honour
of
Augustus
.
The
Jews
are
expelled
Rome
and
Italy
,
and
employed
against
the
Samarit●…ns
.
In
Syria
Varus
is
governour
;
he
being
defeated
by
Arminius
,
kils
himself
in
Germany
.
The
Romans
under
Tiberius
break
league
with
the
Goths
,
who
therefore
waste
Maesia
.
Augustus
dieth
at
Nola
;
Tiberius
succeeds
,
who
puts
Agrippa
to
death
,
and
famisheth
Iulia.
Tyber
overfloweth
.
Germanicus
hath
divers
victories
,
and
triumpheth
over
the
Catti
,
&c.
not
long
after
he
is
poysoned
by
Piso
,
who
being
accused
of
this
murther
kils
himself
.
Zeno
king
of
Armenia
makes
peace
with
Parthia
.
In
Iudaea
,
Pilate
is
president
,
who
upon
the
Jews
threats
,
removes
his
standards
with
the
statue
of
Tiberius
,
out
of
the
Temple
into
Caesarea
:
He
takes
also
the
Corban
or
Treasure
Herod
Antipas
builds
Tyberias
,
divorceth
his
wife
Areta
,
and
marrieth
Herodias
his
brother
Philips
wife
,
and
then
beheadeth
the
Baptist
;
for
which
he
is
defeated
by
the
Arabians
:
Christ
is
Baptized
.
At
Rome
,
the
Players
are
expelled
the
City
:
Pompey's
Theatre
repaired
by
Tyberius
,
and
the
statue
of
Sejanus
erected
in
it
.
Livia
poysoneth
her
husband
Drusus
,
and
lyeth
with
Sejanus
,
who
destroys
the
friends
of
Germanicus
.
Taefarinas
killed
by
Dolobella
.
Sejanus
put
to
death
,
his
son
strangled
,
his
daughter
defloured
,
then
murthred
.
Tiberi●…s
goeth
into
Campania
,
then
to
Capreae
,
upon
the
burning
of
Mount
Caelius
.
Agrippina
bears
Nero
to
Domitius
.
At
Fidenae
the
Amphitheater
kils
with
its
fall
50000.
people
.
Tiberius
his
hatred
against
the
family
of
Germanicus
.
In
this
ten
years
space
the
French
,
Thracians
,
and
Fristans
rebell
.
In
Iudaea
Christ
suffereth
,
after
him
St.
Stephen
;
and
St.
Iames
is
Bishop
of
Ierusalem
:
the
Disciples
are
persecuted
;
St.
Paul
,
the
Eunuch
,
and
Samaria
converted
.
Paul
preacheth
Arabia
,
Iames
in
Spain
.
Peter
healeth
Aenaeas
,
and
raiseth
Tabitha
.
Cornelius
converted
;
Paul
and
Barnabas
expelled
Antioch
by
the
Jews
.
Pilate
writes
to
Tiberius
about
Christs
Miracles
.
Herod
Agrippa
imprisoned
at
Rome
for
wishing
Tiberius
dead
;
he
is
released
by
Caligula
,
and
made
King
of
Iudaea
,
and
gives
him
a
golden
Chain
which
he
hanged
up
in
the
Temple
.
Philip
dyeth
,
his
Tetrarchy
annexed
to
Syria
.
Herod
banished
by
Caligula
to
Lions
,
whom
Herodias
follows
,
his
Tetrarchy
is
given
to
Agrippa
.
Caiphas
the
High-Priest
kills
himself
.
At
Rome
,
Nero
son
of
Germanicus
is
starved
by
Tiberius
,
so
was
Agrippina
wife
to
Germanicus
.
Tiberius
rageth
and
tyrannizeth
over
the
people
and
Nobility
;
he
hath
wa●…
,
then
makes
peace
with
Artabanus
King
of
Parthia
.
Caligula
succeeds
,
he
spends
a
hundred
millions
in
three
years
,
abuseth
his
three
sisters
,
wished
the
Romans
had
but
one
neck
,
makes
himself
a
God
,
executeth
many
innocent
people
in
sport
,
pillageth
France
and
Spain
,
employes
his
Army
to
gather
Cockle-shells
on
the
Brittish
shore
:
he
had
two
books
called
the
Sword
and
Dagger
,
in
which
he
writes
the
names
of
those
he
meant
to
murther
.
Nero
the
Emperour
,
and
Titus
Vespasian
are
born
.
In
Iudaea
,
Petronius
is
commanded
by
Caligula
to
set
up
his
statue
in
the
Temple
.
Agrippa
having
obtained
Ierusalem
and
Samaria
of
Claudius
without
tribute
,
was
struck
with
Alexandria
;
Paul
stoned
at
Lystra
;
the
Apostles
Synod
at
Ierusalem
;
Barnabas
and
Mark
saile
to
Cyprus
;
Paul
and
Sylas
passe
through
Syria
;
Timothy
is
circumcised
;
Many
Jews
smothered
between
the
Temple-Gates
upon
a
sedition
.
At
Rome
,
Caligula
is
slain
.
Claudius
succeeds
;
his
wife
Messalina
insatiable
in
lust
:
He
makes
war
with
the
Britains
,
from
which
he
cals
his
son
Britanicus
:
He
depriveth
the
Rhodians
of
their
priviledges
,
for
killing
some
Romans
.
Vespatian
goeth
into
Britain
;
he
renews
the
secular
Playes
.
Messalina
and
her
Paramour
Silius
are
both
slain
.
Claudius
marrieth
Agrippina
his
brother
Germanicus
daughter
,
who
by
her
perswasions
adopts
her
son
Nero
,
and
recals
Seneca
,
whom
he
makes
his
Tutor
.
Vespatian
takes
the
Isle
of
Wight
;
and
Claudius
,
Orkney
:
the
Britains
and
Picts
yeeld
to
the
Romans
.
Asinius
Pollio
is
banished
;
and
Valerius
the
Consul
kils
himself
.
In
Iudaea
,
Cumanus
the
Governour
maintaineth
a
faction
between
the
J●…ws
and
Samaritans
,
Drusilla
,
Agrippa's
sister
,
and
puts
Ionathan
the
High-priest
to
death
,
and
tyrannizeth
over
the
Jews
.
To
Foelix
succeeds
Portius
Festus
.
Lydia
,
and
Dennis
the
Areopagite
.
Iustus
and
Crispus
are
converted
.
Paul
writes
his
two
Epistles
to
the
Thessalonians
,
his
first
Epistle
to
Timothy
,
his
two
Epistles
to
the
Corinthians
,
to
Titus
,
to
the
Romans
,
and
his
other
epistles
.
St.
Luke
writes
his
Gospel
.
Philip
is
crucified
at
Hierapolis
.
Paul
fighteth
with
beasts
at
Ephesus
,
raiseth
Eutichus
,
is
imprisoned
at
Caesarea
;
appeals
to
Caesar
:
his
ship-wrack
and
imprisonment
.
At
Rome
is
a
great
famine
.
Nero
marrieth
Octavia
,
daughter
to
Claudius
,
who
by
Agrippina
his
wife
is
poysoned
.
Caractacus
General
of
the
Britains
brought
to
Rome
.
Nero
succeeds
to
Claudius
,
a
good
Emperour
for
the
first
five
years
:
he
poysoneth
Britanicus
,
fearing
that
Agrippina
would
make
him
Emperour
:
He
builds
an
Amphitheatre
in
Campo
martis
.
Ianus
Temple
shut
the
fifth
time
.
Artaxata
the
chief
City
of
Armenia
taken
by
Corbalo
.
Poppaea
Sabina
becomes
Nero's
Concubine
:
he
commits
incest
with
his
mother
,
then
murthers
her
;
he
institutes
the
Quinquennal
games
,
called
Neronia
:
a
thunder-bolt
struck
the
Cup
out
of
his
hand
:
he
committed
many
works
of
darknes
in
the
night
.
In
Iudaea
,
the
Jews
and
Agrippa
differ
,
about
a
Prospect
which
he
erected
on
his
house
.
Iames.
Iesus
Ananus
foretels
Ierusalems
destruction
.
Agrippa
beautifieth
Caesarea
Philippi
,
and
cals
it
Neroniades
.
The
building
of
the
Temple
is
finished
:
strange
Prodigies
and
Apparitions
were
seen
at
Ierusalem
.
Florus
for
his
cruelty
is
slain
by
the
Jews
,
and
six
thousand
Romans
.
Agrippa
stoned
out
of
the
City
.
Vespasian
is
sent
thither
,
who
takes
divers
places
.
Titus
is
left
to
end
the
war.
Three
factions
in
Ierusalem
,
with
a
horrible
famine
,
in
which
a
woman
eat
her
childe
;
at
last
it
is
taken
by
Titus
.
In
Rome
,
Nero
kils
his
wife
Octavia
,
and
marrieth
his
Whore
Poppaea
:
by
Suetonius
he
overcomes
the
Brittans
,
and
expels
Vologesus
the
Parthian
king
out
of
Armenia
:
in
a
womans
habit
he
marrieth
Pythagoras
;
he
sets
Rome
on
fire
,
and
sings
Homers
Iliades
.
Upon
the
discovering
of
a
plot
,
he
kils
Seneca
,
Lucan
,
and
many
more
:
he
kicks
Poppoea
great
with
childe
,
and
kils
her
.
He
crowns
Tiridates
king
of
Armenia
,
at
Rome
.
He
goeth
into
Greece
with
his
Fidlers
,
marrieth
Sporus
an
Eunuch
;
attempts
to
cut
the
Isthmus
in
Peloponnesus
:
is
proclaimed
an
enemy
to
the
State
,
and
murthers
himself
.
Galba
succeeds
,
who
is
slain
by
Otho
;
he
kils
himself
being
defeated
by
Vitellius
,
who
also
after
nine
moneths
is
killed
.
The
Church
begins
to
b●…
persecuted
generally
under
Nero.
St
Mark
having
written
his
Gospel
from
St.
Lukes
mouth
,
is
slain
at
Alexandria
:
St.
Luke
writes
the
Acts
;
St.
Paul
returns
into
Italy
,
and
writes
his
second
Epistle
to
Timothy
.
Ioseph
of
Aramathaea
converts
the
Britains
:
the
Christians
are
secretly
warned
out
of
Ierusalem
.
St.
Iohns
Gospel
written
at
Ephesus
;
Peter
and
Paul
suffer
at
Rome
.
Menander
the
Heretick
,
father
of
the
Gnosticks
,
makes
himself
the
Saviour
of
man.
The
Nazarens
observe
the
Law
with
the
Gospel
.
In
Iudaea
,
Titus
commands
the
two
Drachmes
usually
offered
to
the
Temple
,
to
be
payed
At
Rome
,
Vespasian
is
Emperour
,
who
with
Titus
triumphs
over
the
Jews
.
The
Batavians
are
brought
to
obedience
:
He
expels
the
Philosophers
out
of
Rome
for
some
abuses
:
He
dedicates
the
Temple
of
Peace
;
and
the
Temple
of
Ianus
shut
the
sixth
time
.
Ichaia
,
Greece
,
and
divers
other
places
made
Provinces
;
The
Sarmatians
invade
Maesia
;
He
sets
the
Image
of
the
Sun
upon
Nero's
statue
,
instead
of
Nero's
head
:
The
Alani
waste
Media
and
Armenia
;
Two
Senators
plot
Vespasians
death
;
he
dieth
of
a
Flux
;
Titus
succeeded
for
two
years
;
he
built
an
Amphitheater
,
at
the
dedication
of
which
5000.
beasts
slain
.
In
the
Church
Linus
succeeds
St.
Peter
;
the
Nazarens
held
there
was
but
one
soule
in
substance
of
man
,
beast
,
and
plant
.
At
Rome
,
the
Capitol
is
fired
from
heaven
,
which
is
consumed
with
many
fair
buildings
.
Flavius
Sabinus
,
and
causeth
more
Corn
to
be
sowed
,
and
lesse
Vines
planted
;
The
Capitol
is
rebuilt
.
Agricola
having
subdued
the
Brittains
,
passeth
over
to
Ireland
,
then
is
made
Governour
of
Syria
.
Philosophers
and
Mathematicians
expelled
Rome
.
Nerva
banished
,
and
recalled
.
Playes
appointed
every
fourth
year
to
Iupiter
.
Capitolinus
his
tyranny
over
the
Senators
;
he
assumes
divine
titles
.
Agricola
subdueth
Fife
in
Scotland
.
In
the
Church
,
to
Linus
,
who
was
martyred
,
succeeded
Cletus
,
or
Anacletus
.
St.
Andrew
crucified
in
Achaio
.
The
Nicholaitan
Hereticks
held
promiscuous
Marriages
,
and
the
creation
of
all
earthly
things
by
Angels
:
The
Ebionites
called
also
Sampsei
and
Elcesaitae
denyed
Christs
Divinity
,
and
rejected
St.
Pauls
Epistles
,
and
all
the
Gospels
except
St.
Matthews
:
Corinthus
denyes
Maries
Virginity
,
makes
Iesus
and
Christ
two
different
persons
,
held
Circumcision
,
and
are
the
first
Millenaries
;
St.
Iohn
would
not
stay
with
him
in
the
Bath
.
At
Rome
,
Domitian
triumpheth
over
the
Dacians
and
Germans
;
he
unjustly
buried
alive
Cocceius
Nerva
succeeded
,
who
ruled
well
,
and
repealed
all
Domitians
Acts
;
he
died
after
one
year
and
four
moneths
;
Trajanus
whom
he
adopted
,
succeeded
for
19.
years
,
a
just
Emperour
,
whose
Tutor
was
Plutarch
.
The
Church
is
persecuted
the
second
time
by
Domitian
.
Iohn
having
escaped
the
scalding
Oyle
,
is
banished
into
Pathmos
,
where
he
writes
his
Revelation
.
St.
Dennis
is
beheaded
at
Paris
;
Timothy
stoned
at
Ephesus
.
Protasius
and
Garvasius
suffer
at
Millan
;
Flav.
Clemens
the
Consul
slain
for
Christianity
;
his
wife
Domicilla
is
banished
into
Pontus
;
Clemens
Pope
ten
years
.
At
Rome
,
Trajan
refuseth
Consulship
;
The
Dacian
wars
lasted
five
years
;
He
defeats
Decebalus
,
Alba
Iulia
;
his
treasure
is
found
hid
in
the
River
;
the
Bridge
is
broken
down
,
and
Colonies
planted
in
Transilvania
;
he
erects
a
Library
and
Columne
at
Rome
,
he
hath
divers
Victories
in
the
East
;
Nero's
golden
house
burnt
;
he
builds
a
Fleet
in
the
Red
Sea
;
he
is
stiled
Optimus
.
In
the
Church
,
a
third
persecution
is
raised
by
Trajan
.
Iohn
dieth
at
Ephesus
,
whose
successor
was
Onesimus
.
Simeon
Bishop
of
Ierusalem
is
crucified
.
Ignatius
Bishop
of
Antioch
is
sent
bound
to
Rome
,
where
he
is
torn
by
the
Lions
.
Onesimus
,
St.
Pauls
Disciple
,
is
stoned
.
Clemens
bound
to
an
anchor
,
and
cast
into
the
sea
.
Anacletus
succeeded
for
10
years
.
At
Rome
,
the
Pantheon
is
burnt
by
lightning
.
Trajan
in
the
East
beats
the
Kings
of
Armenia
Parthia
.
Armenia
,
Mesopotamia
,
and
Assyria
made
Provinces
.
Trajan's
Column
finished
:
He
takes
Nisibis
,
Edesse
,
and
burns
Seleucia
:
He
is
endangered
by
the
Earthquake
at
Antioch
:
He
makes
the
Haven
at
Ancona
navigable
:
He
dieth
at
Seleucia
;
his
bones
are
buried
under
his
Column
.
Adrian
succeeded
for
20
yeares
;
he
kills
Palma
and
other
brave
men
;
he
subdueth
the
Sauromatae
;
he
gives
Armenia
and
Mesopotomia
to
Cosroes
.
The
Britains
,
Scots
,
and
Picts
rebell
.
In
the
Church
,
the
persecution
ceaseth
,
upon
Pliny's
letters
in
behalf
of
the
Christians
to
Trajan
.
Papias
S.
Iohns
disciple
Bishop
of
Hierapolis
,
maintaineth
the
Millinaries
Sect.
Quadratus
Bishop
of
Athens
,
who
lived
in
the
time
of
Christ
,
died
about
the
time
of
Hadrian
.
Anacletus
martyred
.
At
Rome
,
Adrian
forbid
men
and
women
to
use
one
Bath
:
he
builds
Adrianopolis
in
Thrace
,
Platina
,
Trajans
widow
,
with
a
Temple
,
for
by
her
he
got
the
Empire
:
He
makes
a
wall
in
Britain
,
to
keep
out
the
Scots
:
He
disputes
at
Athens
with
the
Philosophers
:
He
setleth
the
Provinces
in
Africk
,
and
erecteth
a
Library
at
Athens
,
and
a
monument
to
his
dead
Horse
.
In
the
Church
,
Evaristus
a
Greek
is
Pope
9
years
,
and
then
is
martyred
.
In
Asia
,
the
Christians
are
persecuted
by
Antoninus
.
Alexander
the
first
is
Pope
10
years
;
he
brought
in
Holy-water
.
Divers
Apologies
written
in
the
Christians
behalf
,
which
made
Adrian
stay
the
persecution
,
and
was
minded
to
build
them
a
Church
,
but
was
hindred
by
their
enemies
.
At
Rome
,
Adrian
makes
his
own
Tombe
,
called
Moles
Adriani
:
He
builds
a
City
to
his
Iulius
Severus
is
sent
against
them
.
Adrian
dieth
,
to
whom
succeeded
Antoninus
Pius
22
years
,
who
adopted
M.
Annius
Verus
,
and
calls
him
Aurelius
.
The
Northern
Britains
rebell
,
and
are
subdued
by
Lollius
.
In
Iudaea
,
the
Jewes
are
forbid
to
dwell
in
Ierusalem
.
They
rebell
,
and
are
defeated
with
their
Captain
Cochebas
,
by
Severus
,
who
destroyes
their
Castles
and
Towns
,
and
wastes
all
their
Country
;
their
Captives
are
sent
into
Spain
,
where
they
continued
1500
years
,
till
Ferdinand
and
Emanuel
expelled
them
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Alexander
is
martyred
.
Sixtus
the
first
succeeds
Pope
10
years
;
be
instituted
Altars
.
Iustin
,
of
a
Samaritan
becomes
a
Christian
:
Aquila
Ponticus
,
of
a
Christian
became
a
Jew
;
he
translated
the
Bible
into
Greek
,
and
was
cast
out
of
the
Church
for
studying
Astrologie
.
Saturninus
the
Heretique
held
Christs
body
phantastical
,
that
Marriage
was
the
doctrine
of
Devils
,
that
the
Jewes
and
Christians
had
two
different
gods
,
&c.
Basilides
the
Heretique
held
,
that
Christ
suffered
not
,
but
Simon
of
Cyrene
;
that
Faith
was
natural
,
and
divers
other
wild
opinions
.
At
Rome
,
Antoninus
repaireth
the
decayed
Bridge
,
and
forbids
the
reading
of
Sybilla's
books
:
Moors
,
Daci
,
and
Alani
:
He
is
bountiful
to
Rhodes
and
other
places
shaken
with
earthquakes
.
In
the
Church
,
Sixtus
is
martyred
.
Telesphorus
succeeded
11
years
:
He
appointed
Lent-Fast
,
and
the
Hymn
[
Gloria
in
excelsis
]
Mark
,
the
first
uncircumcised
Bishop
of
Ierusalem
;
the
debate
about
the
observation
of
Easter
began
:
Carpocras
the
Heretick
makes
Christ
a
meer
man
,
holds
transanimation
,
denyes
the
Resurrection
,
and
affirms
that
Satan
made
the
world
;
his
disciples
were
called
Gnosticks
.
Cerdon
,
another
Heretick
,
held
two
Gods
,
denyed
Christs
humanity
,
and
the
Resurrection
,
and
the
Law
:
Heraclion
held
the
same
opinions
,
and
after
him
Valentinian
.
Marcus
,
father
of
the
Marcionites
,
held
the
same
,
and
had
a
peculiar
form
of
Baptism
.
At
Rome
,
Antoninus
causeth
persecution
to
cease
,
upon
the
inundation
of
Tibris
,
fires
,
and
In
the
Church
,
Polycarpus
Bishop
of
Smyrna
converts
many
at
Rome
from
Heresies
,
and
then
is
martyred
:
Iustin
writes
his
first
Apologie
:
Churches
are
consecrated
,
and
Witnesses
ordained
in
Baptism
by
Pope
Higinus
,
who
succeeded
Telesphorus
the
Martyr
;
he
sate
four
years
,
and
the
first
that
stiled
himself
Pope
:
Pius
succeeds
9
years
;
he
appointed
Nuns
,
and
that
Easter
should
be
kept
on
Sunday
;
and
Fonts
in
Churches
.
At
Rome
,
M.
Aurelius
Antoninus
Philosophus
reigned
19
years
;
his
brother
Luc.
Aur.
Verus
is
made
Colleague
,
who
marcheth
against
the
Parthian
,
but
dallies
at
Antioch
,
but
his
Rhetia
:
Antoninus
makes
good
Lawes
;
his
son
Commodus
made
Caesar
;
Pertinax
defeats
the
Germans
,
who
had
invaded
Italy
:
The
Marconian
war
is
begun
.
Lucius
returning
home
,
dyeth
by
the
way
of
an
Apoplexie
:
The
Britains
rebell
,
and
are
suppressed
by
Agricola
,
who
repaireth
Adrians
wall
broken
down
by
the
Scots
and
Picts
,
who
had
invaded
Westmorland
.
In
the
Church
is
raised
a
fourth
Persecution
,
in
which
Iustin
having
written
his
second
Apologie
,
is
beheaded
at
Rome
.
Polycarpus
differs
from
Anicetus
(
who
was
now
Pope
8
years
)
about
the
time
of
Easter
;
but
it
was
agreed
,
that
each
Countrey
should
use
their
own
custome
.
Marcion
a
Bishops
son
,
of
a
Christian
became
a
Cerdonian
:
Polycarpus
is
martyred
at
Smyrna
:
Photinus
Bishop
of
Lions
suffers
with
many
others
:
Hegesippus
of
a
Jew
becomes
a
Christian
,
and
writes
the
Church-story
:
Melito
Bishop
of
Sardis
is
also
martyred
.
Pope
Anicete
ordaines
shaving
of
Priests
,
and
consecrating
of
Bishops
.
The
Gnosticks
about
this
time
lived
;
they
held
two
Gods
,
two
souls
in
each
faithfull
man
,
Jesus
and
Christ
to
be
different
,
that
Christ
remained
18
mon●…ths
on
earth
after
his
Resurrection
,
and
that
the
world
was
made
by
Angels
:
Tatian
held
that
Adam
was
damned
,
Marriage
was
fornication
,
Flesh
and
Wine
not
be
eat
and
drunk
;
he
held
many
Gods
,
and
denyed
Christ
to
be
of
David
;
of
him
came
the
Eucratites
:
Marcion
denyed
Christs
Divinity
,
transanimation
he
held
,
and
rebaptisation
as
often
as
marcion
fell
;
he
rejected
Marriage
,
the
Old
Testament
,
and
eating
of
flesh
,
he
also
held
all
warrs
unlawful
.
At
Rome
,
the
Emperour
pawnes
his
Plate
and
Jewels
,
to
ease
the
people
of
Taxes
,
which
Panonia
:
Commodus
reigned
12
years
,
he
kept
300
Concubines
,
and
300
boyes
;
he
killed
his
sister
Lucilia
,
and
ravished
the
rest
:
before
he
subdued
the
Germans
,
he
triumphed
over
them
.
In
Britain
,
Lucius
is
the
first
Christian
King
;
he
erected
three
Arch-bishops
,
and
built
St.
Peters
in
Cornhill
Lond.
which
was
the
Cathedrall
till
Pauls
In
the
Church
Pope
Anicetus
is
martyred
;
his
successor
Soler
sate
four
years
;
he
ordained
the
Fathers
consent
,
and
Priests
Benediction
in
Marriage
;
to
him
succeeded
Cain
,
Ejau
,
and
Iudas
.
The
Adamites
were
naked
in
their
Assemblies
,
had
women
in
common
in
the
dark
,
and
denyed
Prayer
.
Montan●…s
affirmed
himself
to
be
the
Holy
Ghost
,
denyed
the
Trinity
,
allowed
Incest
,
and
baked
the
bread
of
the
Sacrament
with
mans
blood
;
his
chief
disciple
was
Noetus
;
Lucian
and
Apello
were
Marcions
.
At
Rome
,
Commodus
gives
himself
to
pleasure
,
and
leaves
the
Government
to
Perennius
,
who
Marcellus
:
Pertinax
being
sent
hither
,
was
almost
killed
by
the
Souldiers
,
and
is
sent
away
again
.
The
Scots
and
Picts
again
break
Adrians
Wall.
In
the
Church
Theodosian
makes
the
third
Translation
of
the
Bible
;
he
was
a
Marcionite
,
then
a
Jew
.
Pantaenus
,
whose
scholler
was
Clem.
Alexandrinus
,
sets
up
the
first
Christian
Schoole
at
Alexandria
:
Apollonius
the
Senator
is
martyred
:
The
Jews
Thalmud
is
now
made
:
The
Pepuzian
Hereticks
,
so
called
from
Pepuza
a
Phrygian
Town
,
were
Montanists
;
they
held
Pepuza
to
be
the
heavenly
Ierusalem
mentioned
in
Scripture
:
The
Apostolici
held
all
things
in
common
,
condemned
Marriage
,
thinking
the
Apostles
did
so
;
made
Apocryphal
Books
their
Gospel
,
and
refused
to
admit
those
into
the
Church
who
fell
after
Baptism
:
Artolyritae
made
up
their
Sacrament
of
bread
and
cheese
.
Originiani
and
Turpes
,
so
called
from
their
filthy
lives
,
forbidding
Marriage
,
and
extolling
Fornication
.
At
Rome
,
Commodus
removes
the
head
from
the
Colossus
,
and
puts
his
own
head
on
it
;
Vesta
,
Peace
,
and
others
are
burned
.
Pertinax
reigned
not
full
three
moneths
,
being
slain
by
the
Souldiers
,
and
Did.
Iulianus
not
much
above
two
moneths
,
being
also
killed
by
them
;
then
Niger
in
Syria
,
Albinus
in
Britain
,
Severus
in
Panonia
,
(
who
reigned
17
years
)
are
made
Emperours
:
Severus
defeats
Niger
,
and
besiegeth
Byzantium
three
years
;
he
hath
many
Victories
in
the
East
,
and
makes
Caracalla
his
son
,
Caesar
;
he
takes
Bizantium
,
kills
Albinus
,
and
sends
his
head
to
Rome
,
where
he
put
29
Senators
to
death
;
he
makes
Geta
his
other
son
,
Caesar
,
and
makes
Caracalla
his
Colleague
.
The
Britains
help
Albinus
against
Severus
,
whom
he
defeats
:
Virius
Lupus
sent
to
Britain
.
In
the
Church
,
Tertullian
being
vexed
by
the
Roman
Clergy
,
turns
Montanist
.
Severus
the
Heretick
followed
Marcions
opinions
.
Theodosius
denied
Christs
Divinity
,
and
took
upon
him
to
alter
the
Gospel
.
Quarto-decimani
kept
Easter
on
the
14.
day
of
the
Moon
,
and
then
fasted
,
they
were
Antilapsarians
.
Alogi
rejected
the
Gospel
and
Apocalypse
,
saying
they
were
written
by
Cerinthus
;
they
denied
Christ
to
be
the
Word
,
or
God.
Victor
Pope
9
years
.
At
Rome
,
Severus
undertakes
an
Expedition
into
the
East
,
and
makes
League
with
the
King
In
the
Church
the
5.
Persecutionis
raised
by
Severus
.
Leonidas
,
Origens
father
,
suffered
at
Alexandria
,
so
did
Philip
Governour
of
Aegypt
.
Irenaeus
Bishop
of
Lyons
,
with
others
,
are
martyred
.
Narcissus
Bishop
of
Ierusalem
flyeth
into
the
wildernesse
:
Speratus
martyred
at
Carthage
.
Symmachus
translates
the
Bible
.
Zeplirinus
is
Pope
18
years
;
he
ordained
the
Eucharist
to
be
received
once
a
year
.
Hermiani
and
Seleuciani
held
the
Chaos
eternal
with
God
,
Angels
Creators
of
mens
souls
,
that
Christ
left
his
flesh
in
the
Sun
,
they
denied
Baptism
and
the
Resurrection
.
Praxeas
,
father
of
the
Patrispassiani
,
held
that
God
the
Father
onely
suffered
.
Melchisedeciani
made
Melchisedec
greater
then
Christ
,
whose
Divinity
they
denied
.
At
Rome
,
Caracalla
reigned
six
years
;
Geta
ruled
one
year
with
him
,
whom
he
killed
in
Avitus
,
Caracalla's
Bastard
,
who
succeeds
,
and
is
called
Heliogabalus
,
a
most
luxurious
and
cruel
Prince
.
The
Britains
rebel
.
In
the
Church
,
Calixtus
is
Pope
six
years
;
he
instituted
the
four
Embers
or
Fasts
before
Ordination
,
and
Church-yards
:
The
fifth
Edition
of
the
Bible
,
called
Vulgata
,
found
at
Iericho
.
A
Councel
in
Africa
about
Repabtisation
.
The
Elcesai
Hereticks
held
two
Christs
,
denyed
Maries
Virginity
,
deified
the
Water
,
rejected
Scripture
;
Angelici
adored
Angels
.
Heliogabalus
brings
his
God
,
the
Sun
,
to
Rome
,
and
builds
a
Temple
for
him
.
Bassianus
his
Caesar
;
Heliogabalus
is
slain
with
his
Mother
,
and
his
body
dragged
and
flung
into
the
Tibris
;
Alexander
Severus
succeeded
thirteen
years
,
a
good
Prince
,
he
had
Christs
Picture
in
his
Closet
;
Ulpian
his
chief
Lawyer
and
Counsellor
is
slain
by
the
Souldiers
.
Armenia
invaded
by
the
Persians
.
In
the
Church
a
persecution
is
raised
by
Ulpian
.
Calixtus
martyred
.
Pope
Urban
succeeded
seven
years
.
Christians
begin
to
build
Churches
.
The
sixth
Edition
of
the
Bible
.
Alexander
the
Emperour
goeth
against
Artaxerxes
the
Persian
,
and
returns
to
Antioch
with
losse
;
he
was
severe
against
corrupt
Judges
,
Harlots
,
Theeves
,
and
false
Notaries
;
he
Persians
;
France
invaded
by
the
Germans
:
He
is
slain
with
his
Mother
Mammaea
.
Maximinus
a
tall
Goth
succeeded
two
years
,
a
great
Trencher-man
;
he
had
been
a
Mulettor
;
Gordian
is
set
up
against
him
,
who
hanged
himself
upon
the
death
of
his
son
:
The
Senate
choose
two
Emperours
,
P●…lbinus
and
Pupienus
,
whom
the
Souldiers
slew
:
Maximinus
is
slain
before
Aquileia
,
and
his
carkass
flung
to
the
dogs
;
Gordianus
succeeded
five
years
.
In
the
Church
,
Urban
being
martyred
,
Pontianus
succeeded
Pope
four
years
,
who
being
banished
,
dyed
miserably
in
Sardinia
:
Anterus
succeeded
one
moneth
,
who
being
martyred
,
had
Fabian
for
his
successor
14
years
.
Cecilia
the
Virgin
and
others
are
martyred
.
Origen
instructeth
Mammaea
in
the
faith
,
and
finisheth
his
Octopla
.
The
sixth
Persecution
is
raised
,
and
ends
with
Maximinus
his
death
.
At
Rome
,
Gordian
openeth
the
Temple
of
Ianus
,
and
defeats
the
Persian
;
he
is
slain
by
Philip
the
Arabian
,
who
succeeded
5
years
;
he
makes
peace
with
the
Persian
.
In
the
secucular
In
th●…
Church
,
Pope
Fabian
admits
Philip
the
Emperour
upon
his
repentance
:
Laurence
〈◊〉
Deacon
is
broyled
on
a
Grid
yron
.
A
Councel
is
held
in
Arabia
against
the
Hereticks
which
held
the
souls
Mortality
,
of
which
opinion
was
Beryllus
Bishop
of
Bostra
,
whom
Origen
reclaimed
.
At
Rome
,
Philip
leaves
his
son
,
and
goeth
against
Decius
,
whom
the
Souldiers
in
Illyria
chose
Emperour
:
Philip
with
his
son
are
slain
:
Decius
succeeded
one
year
,
who
being
Goths
,
Gallus
succeeds
two
years
,
who
became
a
tributary
Prince
to
the
Goths
,
the
Empire
is
wasted
by
the
Goths
and
Persians
.
Gallus
and
his
son
are
slain
by
Aemilianus
,
and
●…e
by
Valerian
,
who
reigneth
7
years
;
The
Goths
waste
the
Eastern
parts
;
so
doth
Sapores
the
Persian
,
who
made
Valerian
his
foot-stool
,
and
flaid
him
alive
.
In
the
Church
,
Fab.
Pope
is
martyred
.
Novatianus
makes
a
Schisme
:
Cornelius
a
Roman
Priest
is
banished
,
whipped
,
and
beheaded
.
Lucius
is
Pope
two
years
;
he
is
martyred
;
Stephen
Archdeacon
is
Pope
three
years
;
he
ordained
sacred
Garments
for
those
that
served
at
the
Altar
;
he
also
is
martyred
,
whom
Sixtus
followed
:
Divers
Synods
were
held
about
this
time
about
the
cause
of
Novatus
,
and
the
Lapsed
:
Paul
the
Eremite
lived
in
the
wildernesse
till
Constantine
;
from
him
the
Monks
sprang
up
.
The
seventh
Persecution
is
raised
:
Cyprian
and
many
others
are
martyred
:
The
Valesii
held
that
they
onely
were
saved
,
who
made
themselves
Eunuchs
:
Novatus
,
father
of
the
Cathari
,
who
would
admit
none
Lapsed
:
Sabellius
denyed
the
Trinity
and
Unity
of
God
,
and
held
that
the
matter
was
coeternal
with
God.
At
Rome
,
Galien
reigns
alone
,
who
mitigates
the
Christian
persecution
:
Many
Commanders
Marcus
Aurelianus
succeedeth
six
yeares
.
In
the
Church
,
to
Sixtus
succeeded
Pope
Dionysius
nine
years
,
who
divides
Rome
into
Parishes
,
and
the
Countrey
into
Diocesses
.
Hierachitae
denied
Marriage
and
the
Resurrection
,
debarred
children
from
Heaven
,
and
held
Melchisedech
to
be
the
Holy
Ghost
.
Originists
made
the
Holy
Ghost
a
creature
,
held
that
the
souls
were
created
before
the
body
,
and
that
the
Devils
after
1000
years
should
be
released
from
punishment
.
Samosatenus
Bishop
of
Antioch
denied
Christs
Divinity
,
therefore
would
not
baptize
in
Christs
Name
.
At
Rome
,
Aurelian
useth
the
Diadem
,
overcommeth
the
Goths
;
is
beaten
by
,
and
beats
Aurel.
Prolus
succeeds
6
years
;
He
hath
divers
Victories
.
Constantine
is
born
in
Britain
to
Constantius
and
Helena
.
In
the
Church
,
Falix
sate
Pope
three
years
;
He
instituted
Consecration
of
Altars
,
and
Registred
Martyrs
names
.
Eutiehianus
succeeded
10
years
,
who
buried
with
his
own
hands
342.
Martyrs
.
A
Synod
is
held
at
Antioch
against
Samosatenus
.
The
ninth
Persecution
is
raised
by
Aurelian
,
whose
hand
became
stiffe
as
he
was
subscribing
the
Edict
;
but
he
dyed
before
it
took
effect
.
Manes
,
father
of
the
Manichees
,
held
all
the
Heresies
of
the
former
Heretiques
:
He
was
flai'd
alive
by
the
Persian
King.
At
Rome
much
mischiefe
is
done
by
the
Sword-players
,
who
broke
prison
.
Probus
Aurelius
Carus
succeeds
one
year
;
obtaines
divers
Victories
,
and
is
slain
by
Thunder
:
Dioclesian
succeeds
20.
yeares
:
He
subdues
the
Sarmatae
,
and
Persians
,
and
Goths
in
Panonia
,
and
Rebels
in
France
and
Germany
,
and
Iulian
the
Usurper
;
He
had
six
yeares
warrs
with
Achillaeus
the
other
Usurper
.
In
the
Church
,
Caius
sate
Pope
13
years
:
He
instituted
the
8
Ecclesiastical
degrees
.
Cyril
Bishop
of
Antioch
,
for
hindring
Numerian
from
entring
into
the
Church
,
is
slain
by
him
.
Proclianite
hereticks
,
of
one
Proclus
,
held
that
Christ
was
not
come
in
the
flesh
.
At
Rome
,
Dioclesian
assumes
divine
honours
.
Constantius
Chlorus
is
made
governour
of
Britain
;
In
the
Church
,
Caius
is
martyred
.
Marcellinus
succeeded
Pope
8
years
;
he
sacrificed
to
Idols
.
Anthony
the
Eremite
then
flourished
.
Arnobius
converted
to
the
faith
,
and
writes
against
Porphyrie
.
Amphibalus
,
and
ten
more
,
suffered
martyrdome
in
Britain
.
Susanna
Neece
to
Pope
Caius
,
martyred
,
for
not
marrying
with
Maximian
a
Heathen
.
At
Rome
,
Dioclesian
and
Maximian
triumph
over
the
Persians
and
Goths
:
Diocles.
will
be
called
Iovius
,
and
Maximian
,
Herculeus
.
They
give
over
the
government
.
Galerius
and
Fausta
Maximian's
daughter
:
He
makes
a
Bridge
over
the
Rhine
,
and
hath
divers
victories
.
Fausta
discovers
Maximians
plot
against
Constantine
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Marcelline
having
at
the
Synod
at
Sinvessa
in
Campania
publikely
in
a
hair-cloth
confessed
his
fault
,
is
at
last
martyred
,
and
his
body
after
36
dayes
was
interred
by
his
successor
Marcellus
,
who
sate
5
years
,
and
was
stifled
to
death
by
the
stench
of
a
filthy
stable
where
he
was
inclosed
;
that
stable
afterward
was
turned
to
a
Church
,
and
called
by
his
name
.
To
him
succeeded
Eusebius
2
years
.
Many
Christians
are
burnt
in
a
house
at
Nicomedia
,
by
Valerius
.
The
tenth
Persecution
is
raised
,
in
which
incredible
numbers
suffered
in
Egypt
S.
Alban
and
others
martyred
in
Britain
.
Constantine
expelleth
those
of
his
Court
,
who
for
rewards
would
sacrifice
to
Idols
.
At
this
time
the
Donatists
had
divers
Conventicles
at
Carthage
.
The
traditors
or
betrayers
of
the
Bible
,
are
condemned
in
a
Synod
at
Cyrta
in
Africa
.
Bishop
Meletius
an
Antilapsarian
;
he
had
many
followers
,
who
held
divers
Jewish
ceremonies
.
Fifteen
Cardinals
were
instituted
by
the
Pope
,
to
bury
and
baptise
.
Donatus
the
Priest
of
Carthage
,
held
the
true
Church
no
where
but
with
him
and
his
followers
;
He
rebaptized
,
and
held
the
Persons
of
the
Trinity
superior
to
each
other
.
Galerius
having
made
Licinius
Emperor
in
Illyria
,
kills
himself
,
being
troubled
with
a
loathsome
disease
in
his
privities
.
Constantine
defeats
three
times
Maxentius
,
who
is
Tyber
.
Constantine
triumpheth
,
and
marrieth
his
sister
to
Lieinius
.
Maximinus
is
defeated
by
the
Persian
,
then
by
Licinius
,
at
last
strangles
himself
.
Constantine
,
by
himself
and
his
two
sons
,
gets
many
victories
;
He
overcomes
Licinius
,
who
turns
Apostate
.
The
Britains
rebell
,
and
defeat
Traherus
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Eusebius
is
martyred
.
His
successor
Melchiades
sate
three
yeares
,
who
abolished
Fasting
upon
Sundayes
and
Holy-dayes
;
he
dyed
a
Martyr
.
In
his
time
fell
out
the
Schisme
between
Donatus
,
and
Cecilian
Bishop
of
Carthage
.
Sylvester
succeeded
Pope
21
years
;
he
instituted
the
feast
of
S.
Peter
ad
Vincula
;
he
appointed
the
Albe
and
Corporal
for
the
Altar
.
Divers
Councels
held
at
this
time
against
the
Donatists
,
Antilapsarians
,
Jewes
and
Arians
.
S.
Catherine
is
martyred
at
Alexandria
.
Constantine
becomes
Christian
,
upon
the
sight
of
a
Crosse
in
the
aire
.
Arius
brocheth
his
blasphemy
,
and
is
condemned
in
a
Synod
at
Alexandria
;
Constantine
confutes
him
by
his
letters
.
Constantine
appeaseth
the
tumultuous
souldiers
in
Gaide
;
defeats
the
Sauromates
and
Licinius
Lucinius
:
Fausta
,
for
her
falshood
,
is
put
to
death
in
a
hot
Bath
.
He
repairs
divers
Towns
;
and
transfers
his
seat
to
Byzantium
,
which
he
new
names
Constantinople
.
In
the
Church
,
Constantine
ordained
burning
of
Wax-candles
by
day
.
Sylvester
is
discontented
,
because
Soothsayers
were
tolerated
;
therefore
retires
to
Mount
Soracte
.
Constantine
ordains
the
LORDS
Day
;
builds
S.
Peters
Church
,
S.
Pauls
,
and
the
Lateran
His
mother
Helena
finds
the
Crosse.
The
first
General
Councel
of
Nice
,
held
against
Arius
;
where
the
Nicene
Creed
was
made
,
[
Sicut
in
principio
]
added
to
[
Gloria
Patri
.
]
S.
Basil
gathereth
together
the
dispersed
Monks
,
and
makes
lawes
for
them
.
Arius
is
recalled
by
Constantine
,
upon
his
sisters
intreaty
.
Athanasius
is
persecuted
.
Constantinople
made
a
Patriarchate
.
Constantine
subdues
the
Goths
,
and
gives
them
Panonia
to
inhabite
;
he
makes
his
son
Constans
Mesopotamia
.
Constantine
is
baptized
,
and
dieth
at
Nicomedia
,
leaving
the
Empire
to
his
three
sonnes
:
Constantine
the
eldest
had
the
West
,
and
reigned
3
years
;
Constantius
had
the
East
,
and
reigned
24
years
;
Constans
had
Italy
&c.
and
reigned
12
years
,
he
slew
and
defeated
his
brother
Constantine
.
In
the
Church
,
to
Sylvester
succeeded
Marcus
8
moneths
:
He
ordained
the
Nicene
Creed
to
be
sung
after
the
Gospel
.
Iulius
succeeded
Pope
15
years
.
Conventicles
are
held
at
Tyre
,
Ierusalem
,
and
Byzantium
,
against
Athanasius
,
and
in
favour
of
Arius
.
Athanasius
is
accused
of
fornication
and
murther
,
by
Eusebius
.
He
refuseth
to
admit
Arius
into
his
Church
,
wherefore
he
is
banished
by
the
Emperor
.
Arius
dyeth
by
the
falling
out
of
his
guts
.
Athanasius
restored
by
Constantine
the
younger
,
and
is
accused
to
Pope
Iulius
by
the
Arians
.
The
Theopaschites
held
,
that
Christs
divinity
suffered
.
Constantius
raiseth
Sapores
(
who
had
destroyed
many
Christians
)
from
the
siege
of
Nisibis
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Iulius
holds
a
Synod
at
Rome
,
where
Athanasius
and
Marcellus
are
restored
,
to
the
grief
of
the
Arians
.
At
Rome
,
Athanasius
writes
his
Cr●…ed
;
he
is
deposed
in
a
Conventicle
at
Antioch
.
Great
tumults
in
Constantinople
,
and
slaughter
about
the
deposing
of
Paul
the
Orthodox
Bishop
,
and
consecration
of
Macedonius
the
Arian
.
The
Arians
new
form
of
Faith
is
rejected
by
the
Western
Bishops
.
The
Councel
of
Nice
is
confirmed
by
that
of
Sardis
now
assembled
.
Paul
and
Athanasius
restored
to
their
seats
.
Marcellus
denieth
Christs
Divinity
.
The
Macedonians
reject
the
Holy
Ghost
.
Photinus
held
Christs
Kingdome
but
temporary
.
Euphrates
denieth
Christs
Divinity
.
Constantius
makes
Gallus
his
cousin
,
Caesar
;
who
kills
the
rebellious
Jewes
,
and
takes
Amida
.
Iulian
studyeth
Magick
;
and
is
saluted
Emperor
by
the
Army
,
but
refuseth
it
.
In
the
Church
,
Licerius
sate
Pope
15
years
:
He
is
persecuted
for
not
condemning
Athanasius
;
Felix
is
placed
in
his
room
,
and
again
displaced
,
Liberius
being
recalled
.
Divers
Synods
and
Conventicles
were
held
about
this
time
.
The
Acatian
hereticks
held
,
that
Christ
was
like
his
Father
in
will
,
not
in
substance
.
Aetius
was
an
Arian
,
and
held
besides
that
God
was
comprehensible
.
About
this
time
the
feast
of
the
Annunciation
began
to
be
observed
.
Paul
Bishop
of
Constantinople
is
strangled
by
the
Arians
,
and
divers
Bishops
banished
by
them
,
among
the
rest
Athanasius
.
Osius
Bishop
of
Corduba
,
out
of
feare
subscribes
to
the
Arian
new
Confession
of
faith
,
which
is
rejected
by
the
Councel
of
Ariminum
.
S.
Andrew's
bones
translated
to
Constantinople
.
Iulian
is
saluted
Emperor
,
and
defeats
the
French
and
Almans
;
he
reigned
one
yeare
.
Britain
.
Valentinian
restores
the
Standard
and
Crucifix
,
despised
by
Iulian.
He
had
both
good
and
bad
successe
against
the
Germans
:
he
makes
his
son
Gratian
his
Colleague
16
years
;
Ambrose
is
made
Governour
of
Lombardy
.
Valence
overcomes
Procopius
the
Usurper
,
and
kills
him
;
then
wastes
the
Goths
territories
,
and
defeats
their
King
Theodosius
;
having
setled
Britain
,
calls
it
Valentia
.
Romachus
the
Tyrant
of
Scotland
is
beheaded
by
his
Nobles
,
and
his
head
fixed
on
a
pole
.
In
the
Church
,
a
third
schisme
arose
about
the
Popes
election
.
Ursicinus
and
Damasus
are
both
chosen
,
hot
without
great
slaughter
:
but
Valentinian
banished
Ursieinus
,
and
chose
Damasus
,
who
sate
17
years
;
He
added
Gloria
Patri
to
the
end
of
the
Psalms
,
and
Allelujah
.
About
11
Councels
were
assembled
within
this
Decad
of
years
.
The
heretick
Eunomius
held
,
that
the
Holy-Ghost
was
created
by
the
Son
,
and
that
Christ
assumed
mans
body
without
a
soule
.
Iovianus
made
all
sins
equal
,
denied
Mary's
Virginity
,
contemned
Fasting
,
and
held
that
men
sinned
not
after
Baptisme
.
Collyridiani
offered
sacrifices
to
the
Virgin
Mary
.
Lucifer
said
,
that
Satan
made
mans
body
;
and
held
self-murther
lawful
;
he
rejected
some
part
of
the
Old-Testament
.
The
Christians
are
persecuted
by
Iulian
,
who
advanceth
Gentilisme
,
and
condemneth
Athanasius
to
death
.
He
is
hindred
by
stranger
prodigies
from
rebuilding
the
Temple
of
Ierusalem
;
he
writes
books
against
Christ
.
Valentinian
restores
the
Christian
professors
.
Valence
is
baptized
by
Eudoxius
the
Arian
Bishop
.
Prodigious
Haile
falls
at
Constantinople
.
Marriage
is
forbid
in
Lent
,
by
the
Councel
of
Laodicea
.
The
Order
of
S.
Lazarus
in
Savoy
founded
.
Severus
subdueth
the
Saxons
,
and
Valentinian
treacherously
kills
them
;
therefore
becomes
odious
.
Firmus
the
Usurper
in
Africa
kills
himself
.
The
Romans
are
beat
by
the
Quadi
;
Thessaly
;
Valence
going
against
them
,
is
burnt
in
a
cottage
.
Theodosius
succeeds
16
years
,
who
subdued
the
Goths
.
Great
wars
between
the
Scots
and
Picts
.
In
the
Church
,
a
great
tumult
was
raised
in
Alexandria
about
Athanasius
,
who
hid
himself
in
his
fathers
monument
Evagrius
the
Orthodox
Bishop
is
banished
by
Valence
,
and
80
Priests
drowned
.
Athanasius
dieth
;
his
successor
Peter
flyeth
to
Rome
.
The
Stracens
are
converted
.
Ambrose
made
Bishop
of
Milain
.
The
Goths
turn
Arians
.
The
feast
of
Epiphanie
observed
.
The
banished
Bishops
restored
by
Gratian.
Audeani
or
Anthropomorphites
,
gave
to
God
a
mans
body
;
held
Darknesse
,
Fire
and
Water
eternal
.
Apollinaris
gave
Christ
a
heavenly
body
;
he
denied
the
Trinity
,
held
traduction
of
souls
,
that
the
Ceremonial
law
should
be
in
use
after
the
resurrection
,
and
denied
Christ
a
humane
will.
The
Messalians
denied
the
Trinity
,
made
God
visible
;
contemned
Christs
sufferings
,
Sacraments
and
Alms
;
allowed
perjury
,
to
advance
Religion
;
and
ascribed
salvation
to
Prayer
alone
.
Gratian
in
the
West
,
defeats
the
Goths
of
Macedonia
and
Ioanonia
.
Maximus
the
Usurper
in
Britain
,
makes
his
son
Victor
Emperor
;
he
kills
Gratian
treacherously
at
Lyons
;
then
Spain
,
France
,
Britain
and
Afric
.
Maximus
invades
Italy
.
Valentinian
flieth
to
Theodosius
.
Maximus
and
his
son
Victor
both
are
slain
;
their
Generall
cast
himself
into
the
sea
.
In
the
East
,
Theodosius
falls
sick
,
and
is
baptized
.
The
Goths
submit
to
the
Romans
.
Antioch
rebels
against
Theodosius
,
whom
Flavian
the
Bishop
asswageth
:
he
makes
his
son
Arcadius
Emperour
at
8
years
of
age
:
he
defeats
the
Scythians
,
restores
Valentinian
,
and
defeats
Maximus
;
his
governour
is
killed
at
Thessalonica
,
which
cost
7000.
men
their
lives
,
for
which
he
after
was
sorry
.
In
the
Church
,
Siricius
is
Pope
13
years
:
he
was
an
enemy
to
the
married
Clergy
;
he
added
Anthems
to
the
Liturgie
.
Priscilian
the
Heretick
,
denied
the
Trinity
,
makes
the
soul
to
be
of
the
Divine
essence
;
he
condemned
Marriage
and
Flesh-eating
,
allowed
Perjury
and
lying
in
Religion
.
Euchyts
held
Baptisme
needlesse
.
Helvidius
author
of
the
Antidicomarionites
,
held
that
Ioseph
had
children
by
Mary
,
after
Christs
birth
.
The
second
general
Council
at
Constantinople
against
Macedonius
;
besides
nine
other
Synods
within
this
Decad.
The
Nicene
Creed
(
read
after
the
Gospel
)
is
confirmed
by
the
Council
of
Constant.
Ambrose
is
persecuted
by
Valentinian
and
Iustina
the
Empresse
.
Psalms
began
to
be
sung
by
turns
;
and
Anthems
brought
into
the
Church
by
Ambrose
.
Maximus
subdueth
Armortica
,
and
names
it
Little-Britain
.
Ursula
and
1100.
Virgins
going
from
London
in
Britain
,
lost
their
lives
to
save
their
Virginity
.
The
Order
of
Augustine
Friars
began
now
.
Theodosius
,
upon
the
slaughter
of
Thessolonica
,
makes
a
law
,
that
30
dayes
should
come
between
Milan
.
Arcadius
reigns
13
years
,
his
Tutor
Ruffinus
rebels
and
is
killed
.
Eutrcpius
succeeds
,
who
proclaims
Stilico
a
traitor
,
and
banisheth
good
men
.
Alaricus
invades
Greece
,
he
flyeth
to
the
sanctuary
upon
a
capital
crime
,
but
is
not
saved
by
it
;
for
he
made
a
law
against
sanctuaries
.
In
the
West
,
Arbogastes
strangleth
Valentinian
,
and
sets
up
Engenius
a
Schoolmaster
to
be
Emperour
two
years
.
Theodosius
having
triumphed
over
him
,
makes
his
son
Honorius
Emperour
in
the
West
28
years
,
whose
assistant
was
Stilico
;
who
fals
our
with
Eutropius
.
Sword-players
are
put
down
by
Honorius
,
who
marrieth
Stilico's
daughter
:
Gildo
is
strangled
:
the
Empire
begins
to
decline
.
In
the
Church
,
Anastasius
is
Pope
four
years
;
he
ordained
that
the
Gospel
should
be
heard
standing
:
13
Synods
were
held
within
this
Decad
;
St.
Hierom
instituted
Ca
nonical
houres
for
Prayer
.
The
Baptists
head
is
brought
out
of
Cilicia
to
Constantinople
.
Hierom
expelled
his
Church
for
condemning
Origen
;
he
translates
the
Bibl●…
out
of
the
Hebrew
.
The
Marcomans
and
Huns
converted
.
Stilico
burns
the
Sybils
books
at
Rome
.
The
third
Council
of
Carthage
,
ordains
that
the
Eucharist
should
be
received
fasting
.
In
the
West
,
Alaricus
invades
Italy
,
besiegeth
Honorius
,
and
is
twice
defeated
by
Stilico
;
who
Britain
.
Alaricus
besiegeth
Rome
,
and
sets
up
Attalus
against
Honorius
,
who
unites
himself
to
Constantine
the
usurper
.
In
the
East
,
Theodosius
the
younger
is
born
,
and
baptized
by
Chrysostome
;
he
is
made
Emperour
,
but
under
the
government
of
Isdigerdes
King
of
Persia
42
years
.
In
the
Church
,
Innocent
1.
is
Pope
15
years
;
he
made
Saturday
a
fasting-day
,
excommunicates
Arcadius
and
the
Eastern
Bishops
for
persecuting
Chrysostome
.
About
this
time
began
the
rights
of
Patronages
in
the
Council
of
Mela.
Chrysostome
for
taxing
Eudoxia
is
banished
twice
;
he
died
in
exile
.
Ten
Councils
held
within
this
Decad.
Vigilantius
an
enemy
to
Churches
and
Virginity
.
Triformiani
held
the
Divinity
imperfect
in
each
of
the
three
Persons
.
Melangismonitae
held
that
the
Son
was
in
the
Father
,
as
a
lesser
vessel
in
a
greater
.
Pelacius
held
Adam
mortal
by
nature
before
his
fall
;
that
his
sin
was
meerly
personal
,
that
there
is
no
Original
sin
,
that
our
natural
concupiscence
is
good
;
that
men
have
free
will
to
good
without
grace
;
that
the
Infants
of
faithful
men
are
saved
without
baptisme
,
but
shall
not
enter
into
Gods
kingdom
.
Rome
is
taken
by
Alaricus
,
and
Attalus
degraded
;
the
Roman
Commanders
kill
each
other
.
Maximus
is
defeated
in
Spain
:
Heraclian
the
Usurper
in
Africk
is
defeated
and
Lipara
.
Constantius
marrieth
Placidia
,
whom
he
rescued
from
the
Goths
,
the
sister
of
Honorius
,
of
them
came
Valentinian
,
who
succeded
Honorius
.
The
Burgundians
take
Trevers
,
and
obtain
a
seat
neer
the
Rhene
.
Alaricus
lost
all
the
spoiles
of
Italy
in
a
storme
.
The
Vandals
sack
Majorca
and
Minorca
,
seat
themselves
in
Betica
,
and
call
it
Vandalasia
,
whence
they
are
expell●…d
by
Vallia
and
the
Goths
.
In
the
Church
,
Zosimus
was
Pope
two
years
,
who
prohibited
Priests
to
drink
in
Taverns
;
to
him
succeeded
Boniface
the
first
,
5
years
;
with
him
Eulalius
is
chosen
by
some
,
which
makes
the
third
Schism
,
but
Eulalius
is
expelled
by
the
Emperour
:
In
this
Decad
were
ten
Councels
,
the
chief
was
that
of
Carthage
which
condemned
Pelagianism
.
The
Jews
kill
many
Christians
at
Alexandria
.
The
Donatists
,
to
be
accounted
Martyrs
,
kill
themselves
.
The
Jews
crucifie
a
child
in
Palestina
.
Pelagius
at
Diaspolis
in
Palestine
recants
his
Heresies
.
In
the
West
,
Honorius
makes
Constantius
his
Colleague
.
Constantius
dieth
.
Placidia
his
widow
,
and
Valentinian
her
son
being
suspected
by
Honorius
,
flie
to
Theodosius
,
who
entertains
Theodosius
.
Iohn
is
taken
and
beheaded
.
Valentinian
3.
reigned
29
years
.
Boniface
governour
of
Afric
rebels
,
and
calls
the
Vandals
into
Afric
out
of
Spain
,
whom
Placidia
could
not
remove
thence
.
Venice
is
founded
by
the
Romans
,
flying
from
Attila
and
the
Huns.
Martian
,
afterward
Emperor
,
sleeping
is
covered
with
an
Eagle
.
Genserious
makes
a
league
with
him
.
In
the
East
,
Theodosius
warreth
against
the
Persians
,
who
are
forced
to
sue
for
peace
,
and
to
give
off
persecuting
the
Christians
.
Theodosius
recovers
Panonia
from
the
Huns.
In
the
Church
,
Celestinus
is
Pope
8
years
.
The
wanton
Hereticks
,
called
Paterniani
and
Venustiani
,
held
that
mans
lower
parts
were
made
by
Satan
.
Nestorius
Bishop
of
Constantium
,
gave
to
Christ
two
personalities
,
but
one
will
;
He
would
not
have
Mary
to
be
called
the
Mother
of
God.
He
was
condemned
in
the
Councel
of
Ephesus
,
which
was
the
3.
Oecumenical
;
his
tongue
was
eat
up
with
worms
.
Within
this
Decad
were
held
6
Councels
.
Pope
Celestine
sends
Palladius
into
Scotland
,
to
suppresse
Pelagianisme
there
;
and
Germanus
for
this
end
is
sent
into
Britain
.
The
Emperors
ordain
,
that
Christs
picture
be
not
placed
neer
the
ground
.
In
the
Western
Empire
,
Hippo
is
taken
by
the
Vandals
,
and
Africk
subdued
by
them
;
a
Persian
.
Theodosius
gives
a
great
sum
to
the
people
to
buy
Corn
;
He
finisheth
the
Code
.
The
Scots
break
down
Severus
his
Turff
wall
;
Aetius
rebuilds
it
of
brick
;
this
also
the
Scots
and
Picts
overthrow
.
Clodio
called
Crinitus
reigned
in
France
.
In
the
Church
,
Sixtus
the
third
sate
Pope
9
years
;
He
was
accused
of
Fornication
by
Bassus
,
but
is
cleared
afterward
;
this
Sixtus
imbalmed
and
buried
with
his
own
hands
the
body
of
Bassus
.
Four
Councels
held
within
this
Decad.
The
Burgundians
are
converted
.
Patrick
is
sent
into
Scotland
,
where
he
sate
Bishop
60
years
.
The
Jews
of
Crete
are
drowned
in
following
their
false
Moses
through
the
Sea.
The
Orthodox
Bishops
are
persecuted
by
Gensericus
the
Arian
.
Eudocia
,
Theodosius
his
wife
,
builds
St.
Stevens
Church
at
Ierusalem
.
In
the
Western
Empire
,
Sicily
is
invaded
by
Gensericus
;
He
becomes
tributary
for
a
part
of
Thrace
,
Maesia
,
and
Greece
.
Theodosius
helpeth
Valentinian
against
the
Vandals
.
The
Emperour
is
fain
to
buy
peace
of
Attila
.
A
great
Earthquake
at
Constantinople
.
Saturnine
slain
by
the
Empress
.
Attila
threatneth
war
for
want
of
his
tribute
;
He
is
defeated
by
Authenius
.
Theodosius
dieth
with
a
fall
from
his
horse
in
hunting
.
The
Anglo-Saxons
called
into
Britain
by
Vortiger
the
Usurper
.
The
Scots
and
Picts
vex
the
Britains
.
In
France
,
Clodio
beats
the
Romans
;
Merovee
succeeds
him
,
whose
posterity
continued
till
Pipin
.
In
the
Church
,
Leo
sate
Pope
20
years
;
He
was
excommunicated
by
Dioscorus
Bishop
of
Alexandria
,
for
rejecting
the
Councel
of
Ephesus
.
Nine
Councels
held
within
this
Decad.
Eutiches
,
Abbot
of
Constantinople
,
gave
Christ
but
one
Nature
,
divine
onely
,
which
he
made
passible
;
He
is
absolved
in
the
Councel
of
Ephesus
St.
Patrick
converts
Ireland
.
Rogations
or
Letanies
instituted
by
Pope
Leo.
The
Manichees
at
Rome
recant
and
burn
their
Books
.
The
seven
Sleepers
awake
after
two
hundred
yeares
sleep
.
In
Italy
the
Famine
was
so
great
,
that
Parents
exchanged
their
children
for
food
.
Attila
Scythia
.
Valentinian
kills
Aetius
with
his
own
hands
;
Aetius
his
Souldiers
kill
him
in
revenge
:
Maximus
is
killed
by
Eudocia
.
Avitus
usurpeth
the
Empire
9
moneths
.
Gensericus
is
expelled
Italy
.
Mauritania
lost
and
won
by
Majoranus
.
In
the
East
,
Martian
is
Emperour
6
years
;
he
dreamed
that
Attila's
Bow
was
broken
,
the
same
night
he
died
;
Martian
died
two
years
after
;
Leo
succeeded
17
years
;
Majoranus
is
by
him
made
Emperour
of
the
West
.
In
Britain
,
Vortiger
is
deposed
and
restored
;
300
of
the
Nobles
slain
by
the
Saxons
,
and
Vortiger
taken
prisoner
.
The
French
and
Gauls
unite
themselves
by
Marriages
.
Childericus
reignes
.
Attila
strangled
by
his
own
blood
in
the
night
.
Theodoricus
the
second
reigns
in
Spain
.
Attila's
sons
lost
what
he
had
got
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Leo
refutes
the
Acephali
.
Diascorus
the
Eutychian
with
his
Disciples
,
were
called
Monophisitae
and
Theopaschitae
,
for
saying
Christ
had
but
one
divine
Nature
passible
;
these
with
Eutyches
are
condemned
in
the
fourth
General
Councel
of
Chalcedon
;
five
Councels
were
held
in
this
Decad.
Contestation
between
Rome
and
Constantinople
about
supremacy
.
The
Orthodox
are
persecuted
by
the
Vandals
in
Africa
.
Austria
,
Bavaria
,
and
Panonia
converted
.
Avitus
,
of
an
Emperour
becomes
Bishop
of
Placentia
.
The
Eutychians
cruelty
against
Proterius
Bishop
of
Alexandria
,
whom
they
slew
,
and
chewed
his
entrails
.
Bells
used
first
at
Nola
in
Campania
.
Monks
called
Studeae
at
Constantinople
.
In
the
West
,
Majoranus
beats
the
Goths
in
Gaule
,
and
is
beaten
by
the
Vandals
in
Spain
;
He
is
slain
by
Severus
his
General
,
who
reigned
3
years
.
Ricimer
expels
the
Alani
out
of
Italy
,
Severus
.
Authenius
,
Martians
son-in-law
,
is
made
Emperour
by
Leo
,
five
years
.
In
the
East
,
the
Goths
waste
Illyria
.
Gensericus
spoileth
the
Sea-coasts
of
the
Empire
.
Canstantinople
burneth
4
dayes
.
Leo
sets
out
a
Fleet
against
Gensericus
,
to
whom
it
is
betrayed
.
Leo
hated
by
the
people
,
for
betrothing
his
daughter
to
Aspar's
son
an
Arian
.
In
Britain
,
Hengist
reigns
over
Kent
:
Vortiger
driven
into
the
woods
.
Theodoricus
the
Goth
drives
the
Romans
out
of
Spain
,
after
700
years
possession
;
He
persecuted
the
Catholikes
,
and
wrote
the
Gothick
Laws
:
The
Ostrogoths
defeat
the
Huns
in
Hungary
,
cut
off
their
Kings
head
,
which
they
sent
to
Constantinople
:
The
Sueves
in
Gallicia
take
Lisbon
.
The
Vandals
expelled
Sicily
by
Marcellinus
,
who
was
treacherously
slain
.
In
the
Church
,
Hilary
sate
Pope
6
years
;
He
excluded
unlearned
men
from
the
Clergy
,
and
prohibited
Popes
from
naming
their
successor
:
To
him
succeeded
Simplicius
16
years
.
4
Councels
held
within
this
Decad.
Paulin
Bishop
of
Nola
,
was
the
first
that
introduced
Historical
Pictures
and
Crucifixes
into
Churches
;
He
pawned
himself
to
redeem
a
widows
son
that
was
captive
.
The
Painters
hand
withered
at
Constantinople
,
for
offering
to
paint
Christ
like
Iupiter
.
Litania
minor
,
or
three
dayes
Rogation
in
Ascension-week
,
instituted
by
Mamarcus
and
Sidonius
Apollinaris
,
against
Wolves
and
Beares
.
In
the
West
,
Ricimer
rebels
against
the
Emperour
;
is
reconciled
;
rebels
again
,
and
Basiliscus
.
Marcion
,
Ricimers
son
,
defeateth
Zeno.
The
Lombards
transport
themselves
into
Panonia
.
Childerick
of
France
takes
divers
places
from
the
Empire
.
Vortiger
is
burnt
in
his
Castle
in
Wales
.
Stone-hedge
erected
on
Salisbury-Plains
,
in
memory
of
the
Saxon
treachery
there
.
In
the
Church
,
Aratius
Bishop
of
Constantinople
claimes
the
second
place
after
the
Pope
,
which
is
confirmed
by
Leo
the
Emperour
.
Peter
Fullo
the
Eutychian
is
made
Bishop
of
Antioch
,
and
condemneth
the
Councel
of
Chalcedon
.
The
Hebrew
Vowels
were
invented
about
this
time
.
Basiliscus
condemneth
the
Councel
of
Chalcedon
,
but
upon
Zeno's
raising
of
forces
,
he
recants
.
The
Library
of
Constantinople
burnt
,
in
which
was
Homer
in
Golden
Letters
.
In
the
West
,
Iulius
Nepos
is
slain
.
In
the
E●…st
,
Theodorick
the
Goth
threatneth
Constantinople
,
Constantinople
.
Zeno
gives
himself
to
tyranny
and
riot
.
Clovis
the
great
,
the
first
Christian
King
of
France
.
In
Britain
,
Hengist
is
slain
;
the
South-Saxons
possessed
Surrey
and
Sussex
.
Hunnerick
the
Vandal
persecutes
the
Catholikes
,
and
is
killed
by
wormes
.
In
the
Church
,
Faelix
is
Pope
9
years
;
He
instituted
the
Feast
of
S.
Michael
:
Six
Councels
were
held
within
this
Decad.
Eutychus
his
heresie
spreadeth
far
in
the
East
.
Zeno
the
Greek
Emperour
is
buried
in
a
fit
of
the
Epilepsie
;
A●…iadna
would
not
suffer
the
Anastasius
Dicorus
succeeds
27
years
.
Longinus
,
Zeno's
brother
,
usurpeth
in
Isauria
,
and
occasions
a
war.
The
Emperours
statues
dragged
about
the
streets
of
Constantinople
:
Longinus
is
taken
and
tortured
to
death
.
The
Bulgarians
waste
Thrace
;
for
money
they
give
off
and
return
.
Clovis
the
King
of
France
hath
divers
Victories
;
so
hath
Aurelius
in
Britain
,
who
was
poysoned
by
a
Monk.
Theodorick
the
Ostragoth
wastes
Italy
,
takes
Ravenna
,
kills
Odoacar
treacherously
at
a
Feast
,
so
he
becomes
sole
King
of
Italy
33
years
;
He
hath
divers
Victories
.
The
Heruli
and
Lombards
live
tog●…ther
,
and
then
quarrel
;
the
Heruli
defeated
.
The
Vandals
make
peace
with
the
Romans
,
and
recall
the
banished
Catholiqu●…s
.
The
Goths
burn
the
Roman
Governour
in
France
within
a
brazen
Bull.
In
the
Church
,
Galasius
is
Pope
5
years
;
He
excluded
the
lame
and
blind
from
the
Priesthood
:
Anastasius
the
second
succeeded
two
years
;
He
was
an
Acatian
,
and
died
the
death
of
Arius
:
Symmachus
succeeds
15
years
;
His
Antipope
was
Laurence
,
and
so
there
followed
a
fi●…th
Schisme
.
Four
Councels
held
this
Decad.
Acephali
,
so
called
from
having
neither
Bishop
nor
Priest
;
they
were
called
also
Theodosiani
,
from
Theodosius
Bishop
of
Alexandria
;
they
rejected
the
Councel
of
Chalcedon
,
and
were
Euychians
.
The
Canonical
Scripture
distinguished
from
Apocrypha
.
The
Babylonian
Thalmud
,
which
is
the
Jews
Civil
and
Canon
Law
,
is
finished
.
In
the
E●…st
,
Cabades
the
Persian
takes
Amida
,
which
is
redeemed
again
.
The
Bulgarians
Scots
.
Cherdick
foundeth
the
Kingdome
of
the
West
-
Saxons
,
which
contained
Berkeshire
,
Hampshire
,
Wilts
,
Sommerset
,
Dorset
,
Devonshire
and
Cornwall
.
Alaricus
and
his
Arian
Goths
slain
by
Clovis
the
French
King.
Theodorick
the
Ostragoth
relieves
Rome
with
Corn
,
expels
the
Magicians
thence
,
and
erecteth
Water-works
at
Ravenna
:
By
Vitiges
he
takes
Syrmium
from
the
Bu●…garians
.
In
the
Church
,
Symmachus
is
confirmed
Pope
by
Theodorick
;
He
banished
the
Manichees
,
doth
many
good
works
;
8
Councels
held
within
this
Decad
,
whereof
5
were
kept
at
Rome
,
3
of
them
about
the
cause
of
Symmachus
.
Anastasius
murthered
3000
Catholiques
;
He
is
excommunicated
by
the
Pope
.
The
Feast
of
Peter
and
Paul
instituted
.
The
Christians
persecuted
in
Arabia
and
Palestine
.
The
Emperour
hates
Images
,
therefore
causeth
divers
Monsters
to
be
painted
.
As
an
Arian
was
going
to
baptize
,
the
water
dried
up
suddenly
in
the
Fon●…
.
In
the
East
,
Vitalianus
the
Scythian
helps
the
Catholicks
;
subdueth
Thrace
,
Scythia
and
Maesia
;
forceth
Anastasius
to
revoke
the
banished
,
and
is
bribed
with
money
and
honours
to
depart
.
The
Huns
also
are
bribed
to
leave
the
wasting
of
Armenia
and
Capadocia
.
Anastasius
is
slain
by
thunder
.
Iustin
succeeds
9
years
,
who
got
the
Empire
by
bribing
;
he
defeats
his
Usurpers
,
and
kils
Vitalianus
:
he
makes
peace
with
the
Persian
.
Clovis
of
France
dieth
,
and
leaves
his
kingdome
to
his
4
sons
.
Arthur
in
Britain
takes
London
,
and
beats
the
Saxons
.
In
the
Church
,
Hormisda
sate
Pope
10
years
.
In
this
Decad
were
held
8
Councels
.
Anastasius
persecutes
the
Catholicks
against
his
own
Instrument
made
to
the
contrary
,
which
he
burned
:
he
added
to
the
Trisagion
[
Who
was
crucificed
for
us
]
this
caused
a
sedition
:
he
sleighted
the
Popes
Ambassadours
.
350
Orthodox
Monks
slain
by
Severus
the
Eutychian
Bishop
of
Antioch
;
who
being
condemned
to
lose
his
tongue
,
flyeth
into
Aegypt
.
Bennet
founded
his
Order
on
mount
Cassin
.
The
Selavi
of
Scythia
takes
Istria
:
the
Lombards
for
the
service
against
the
Goths
obtain
Austria
Essex
,
Middlesex
,
and
part
of
Hartford-shire
:
the
Scots
and
Picts
aid
king
Arthur
.
Sigismund
king
of
Burgundy
is
slain
and
cast
into
a
Well
.
Gondamare
is
chosen
,
and
expelled
by
Clodomire
and
Thyerre
.
Athalaricus
king
of
the
Ostrogoths
,
son
of
Amalesunthia
a
,
learned
woman
in
all
languages
.
The
Lombards
possesse
Panonia
.
Hilderick
is
imprisoned
and
slain
by
the
Vandals
.
In
the
Church
,
Iohn
sate
Pope
3
years
,
he
is
imprisoned
and
famished
:
his
successor
Faelix
fouth
,
sate
4
years
;
he
instituted
Extream
Unction
,
and
did
good
works
.
Seven
Councels
held
within
this
Decad.
To
the
Order
of
Bennet
the
Italian
Monk
belong
the
Caelestians
,
Carthusians
,
Cisteaux
,
and
Monks
of
Clugny
.
Zaras
king
of
Colchos
baptized
at
Constant.
Pope
Iohn
is
forced
to
intercede
with
Iustin
for
the
Arians
.
Gethes
king
of
the
Heculi
baptised
at
Constant.
Iustinian
ordered
swearing
by
the
Gospels
.
Tzani
of
Armenia
subdued
by
Iustinian
,
and
converted
.
Belisarius
is
defeated
in
Persia
,
he
overcomes
Probus
and
the
other
Rebels
.
Sardinia
is
rendred
to
Iustinian
.
Belisarius
recovers
Carthage
from
Gilimer
,
after
it
had
been
possessed
Vandals
.
Gilimer
brought
captive
to
Constantine
,
and
kindly
used
by
Iustinian
,
who
divides
Africk
into
7
Provinces
.
Belisarius
takes
Syracuse
and
other
towns
in
Sicily
.
Mundus
and
his
son
slain
.
Belisarius
hath
divers
Victories
and
Conquests
in
Asia
,
being
aided
by
Narses
the
Eunuch
.
Vitiges
the
Ostrogoth
led
in
triumph
to
Constantinople
by
Belisarius
.
Cosroes
the
Persian
makes
a
long
league
with
the
Romans
,
but
is
soon
broken
.
Cardick
the
West-Saxon
takes
the
Isle
of
Wight
;
Henrick
his
son
overthrows
the
Britains
:
the
French
kings
divide
Burgundy
amongst
them
,
so
that
kingdome
endeth
:
The
French
invade
Spain
,
and
makes
the
Goths
abjure
Arianisme
.
Amalari
the
Visigoth
is
killed
by
his
wives
brothers
.
Vitiges
king
of
the
Ostrogoths
,
is
imployed
against
the
Persians
.
Gilimer
the
Vandal
puts
out
his
brothers
eyes
.
The
Vandals
being
driven
out
of
Africk
,
seek
out
new
Plantations
in
Poland
,
Hungaria
,
Greece
and
Germany
.
In
the
Church
,
Boniface
sate
Pope
2
years
;
his
Antipope
was
Dioscorus
,
which
made
the
sixth
Schisme
.
Iohn
2
sate
3
years
:
Agapetus
3
years
:
Silverius
3
years
;
his
Antipope
is
Vigilius
,
and
so
is
the
7
Schisme
.
This
Vigilius
sate
16
years
,
who
banished
and
famished
Silverius
.
9
Councels
held
this
Decad.
Dionysius
a
Roman
Abbot
begins
to
reckon
the
years
from
Christs
Birth
,
which
before
were
reckoned
from
the
Aera
of
Dioclesian
.
Iustinian
publisheth
his
Institutions
and
Pandects
.
Zanabarzus
king
of
Iberia
baptised
at
Constantinople
.
The
spoils
of
Ierusalem
taken
by
Titus
,
and
transported
by
Gensericus
to
Africk
,
are
restored
by
Iustinian
to
Ierusalem
.
He
converteth
the
Stews
into
a
Covent
of
Penitents
:
he
becomes
an
Eutychian
,
and
is
converted
by
Pope
Agapetus
.
Bavaria
is
converted
.
Iustinians
[
Constit.
novell
.
]
published
.
In
the
East
,
Belisarius
beateth
the
Persian
;
Iustinian
repaireth
Antioch
,
and
buildeth
a
Church
there
:
Belisarius
called
out
of
Persia
into
Italy
,
where
he
raiseth
Totila
from
the
siege
of
Hadruntium
in
the
West
.
Totila
taketh
Rome
,
which
is
by
Belisarius
retaken
;
with
other
Italy
.
Belisarius
recalled
into
Persia
:
a
plot
discovered
against
the
Emperour
;
Cosroes
upon
the
comming
of
Belisarius
returns
home
from
vexing
the
Empire
:
he
is
removed
by
bribes
from
Edessa
.
In
Britain
Arthur
,
and
Mordred
differ
,
and
are
slain
;
Mordreds
two
sons
killed
by
Constantine
the
Usurper
.
Northumberland
a
kingdome
,
founded
by
Ella
and
Ida
;
it
contained
besides
Northumberland
.
York-shire
,
Lancashire
,
Durham
,
Cumberland
,
and
Westmorland
.
At
Rome
,
Basilius
was
the
last
Consul
.
The
French
returning
from
Spain
with
much
booty
,
bring
with
them
the
garment
of
Vincentius
the
Martyr
,
and
build
a
Church
for
him
at
S.
Germans
.
In
the
Church
,
Vigildus
sits
as
lawful
Pope
;
he
sends
divers
ships
to
Rome
with
corn
,
which
Totila
incercepteth
.
3
Councels
held
within
this
Decad.
An
Indian
king
sends
to
Iustinian
for
some
to
Baptise
him
and
his
people
.
The
Feast
of
Purification
ordained
at
Coustantinople
.
Rome
and
all
Italy
subdued
by
Totila
,
who
also
wastes
Sicily
:
Artabanes
expels
the
Goths
,
and
recovers
it
.
Narses
kils
Totila
and
recovers
Italy
;
the
Persian
defeats
the
Romans
,
France
Clothayre
subdueth
the
Saxons
and
Thuringi
;
he
pursueth
Cramnus
into
Britain
,
and
burns
him
.
In
the
Church
,
the
5
General
Councel
is
held
at
Constant.
for
suppressing
of
Heresies
,
there
were
four
more
National
Synods
within
this
Decad:
Vigilius
opposeth
the
Councel
of
Constant.
and
is
banished
;
at
last
submits
and
dyeth
.
Pelagius
succeeds
4
years
:
The
Western
Bishops
at
Aquileia
reject
this
fifth
General
Councel
,
which
made
a
Schisme
between
the
Eastern
and
Western
Churches
,
almost
100
y●…ars
.
To
the
Bishop
of
Constant.
is
assigned
the
next
place
to
the
Pope
.
Iulius
Halicarnassaeus
taught
that
Christs
body
was
impassible
after
his
Conception
:
the
Armenians
are
again
converted
to
the
Faith.
In
the
Empire
to
Iustinian
succeeded
Iustin
second
11
years
;
he
was
a
just
Prince
,
in
giving
In
the
Church
,
Iohn
3.
sate
Pope
12
years
:
the
Christians
are
persecuted
by
the
Jews
and
Samaritans
in
Palestina
,
but
are
suppressed
and
punished
by
the
Emperour
.
The
Monothelites
increase
about
this
time
.
The
French
and
Spanish
Clergy
differ
about
the
time
of
Easter
.
The
Church
of
Armenia
is
vexed
by
Cosroes
the
Persian
.
Alboinus
king
of
Lombardy
,
murthers
the
Christians
of
Italy
and
Sicily
;
and
he
not
long
after
is
murthered
.
Theodimiras
in
Galicia
king
,
of
an
Arian
becomes
a
Catholike
.
2
Councels
held
within
this
Decad.
In
the
East
,
Martian
was
forced
to
raise
the
siege
from
Nisibis
.
Apamea
taken
by
the
Persians
.
The
Avares
passe
Danubius
and
doe
much
hurt
:
Cosroes
defeated
by
Iustinian
the
Ely
,
Norfolk
,
Suffolk
and
Cambridge-shire
.
The
Lombards
enter
France
,
and
are
repulsed
:
Charibers
brethren
dissent
:
Civil
wars
in
France
.
Livigild
winneth
Campanio
.
Alboin
the
Lombard
●…or
making
his
wife
drink
in
her
fathers
skul
,
is
murthered
;
she
is
poysoned
.
Clephes
Alboins
s●…n
,
reigned
1
year
6
moneths
,
and
was
slain
:
then
Lombardy
was
governed
10
years
by
30
Dukes
.
Longinus
the
Exarch
lost
his
eyes
at
Constantinople
,
for
which
he
killed
two
Patritians
.
The
Huns
expelled
Germany
by
the
French.
In
the
Church
,
Bennet
is
Pope
5
years
;
Pelagius
2.
succeeded
12
years
.
He
was
the
first
elected
Pope
without
the
Emperours
consent
,
the
City
being
besieged
by
the
Lombards
.
Two
Councels
held
this
Decad.
In
the
East
,
Hormisda
Cosroes
his
successour
,
is
beat
by
the
Romans
.
Mauritius
regaineth
all
Commentiolus
.
Philippicus
beats
the
Persians
twice
;
and
Germanus
once
.
Malgo
Conanus
King
of
Britain
,
a
wicked
Prince
.
Crida
founded
the
kingdome
of
Mercia
,
containing
17
Shires
,
and
half
of
Hartford-shire
;
after
the
death
of
Carecaus
,
lost
the
East
part
of
the
kingdom
:
wars
between
the
Scots
and
Picts
.
Childebert
of
France
goeth
against
the
Lombards
,
at
the
Emperours
desire
;
he
is
murthered
.
The
kingdome
of
the
Sueves
in
Gallicia
,
after
176
years
possession
is
annexed
to
the
Visigoths
.
The
Lombards
chose
themselves
a
new
King
:
Livigild
the
Visigoth
kils
his
own
son
.
Recaredus
the
first
,
becomes
a
Catholike
,
he
was
a
good
Prince
.
In
the
Church
,
Gregory
is
sent
to
the
Emperour
,
to
excuse
the
Election
of
Pelagius
.
11
Councels
assembled
this
Decad.
The
Benedictines
expelled
out
of
Mount
Cassine
by
the
Lombards
▪
They
build
a
Covent
at
Rome
.
Christ's
seamlesse
Coat
was
found
by
a
Jew
.
The
Pope
and
Bishop
of
Constantinople
differ
about
the
title
of
Universal
Bishop
.
Mauritius
makes
peace
with
Cosroes
;
the
Huns
invade
Thrace
.
Piscus
defeats
the
Huns
,
and
Bangor
.
Ethelbert
king
of
Kent
converted
by
Augustine
;
he
built
S.
Pauls
in
London
.
Scots
and
Britains
have
war
with
the
Saxons
and
Picts
.
Childebert
the
French
king
,
takes
divers
towns
in
Italy
.
Agilulphus
the
Lombard
is
baptised
,
and
named
Paul
;
he
hath
divers
victories
.
Chaganus
the
Hun
,
invades
the
Venetian
territories
:
He
abuseth
Tomilda
the
widow
,
and
then
staketh
her
for
her
treachery
.
In
the
Church
,
Gregory
the
great
sate
13
years
;
he
was
elected
against
his
will
:
he
stiles
himself
,
Servant
of
Gods
servants
;
he
added
to
the
Liturgie
[
Give
peace
in
our
time
O
Lord
]
and
[
Lord
have
mercy
on
us
]
and
Hallelujah
:
He
confirmed
Prayer
to
Saints
,
Purgatory
,
and
sacrifices
for
the
dead
:
He
redeemed
many
Captives
,
and
kept
daily
3000
Monks
.
12
Synods
held
within
this
Decad.
Gregory
,
upon
a
great
Plague
,
of
which
800
died
in
an
houre
,
instituted
the
seven-fold
Letany
or
Procession
,
called
the
Great
,
Roman
,
and
Gregorian
.
40
Virgins
brake
out
of
S.
Radegunds
Monastery
,
who
expelled
the
Abbesse
,
and
beat
the
Bishops
and
Monks
.
Gregory
reproves
Iohn
o●…
Constaninople
for
assuming
the
title
of
[
Universal
Bishop
.
]
By
Gregory
the
Britains
and
Lombards
are
converted
.
Mauritius
will
not
redeem
the
Captives
taken
by
Chaganus
,
therefore
they
are
slain
.
Phoeas
Cosroes
.
Narses
suffers
him self
to
be
beaten
by
Cosroes
,
with
whom
he
joyns
,
then
is
reconciled
to
Phocas
,
and
burnt
at
Constantinople
.
Mauritius
his
widow
and
daughters
put
to
death
.
Phocas
tyranniseth
over
the
Nobility
;
attempts
to
kill
his
son
in
law
Priscus
;
he
is
at
last
cut
in
peeces
and
burnt
.
In
France
Pipin
is
brought
to
Clothayrs
Court
by
Caroloman
his
father
.
Liuba
Prince
of
the
Visigoths
is
slain
by
Victericus
.
Padua
burnt
by
the
Lombards
,
upon
which
Venice
increaseth
by
new
commers
.
In
the
Church
,
Sabinian
was
Pope
2
years
:
he
hated
Gregory
and
his
writings
.
Boniface
3.
succeeded
1
year
.
He
appropriated
the
name
Pope
,
by
Phocas
his
means
,
to
the
Bishop
of
Rome
.
Boniface
4
succeeds
:
He
instituted
the
Feasts
of
All-Souls
,
next
day
after
All-Saints
:
He
consecrates
the
Pantheon
to
the
Virgin
Mary
and
all
Martyrs
.
4
Councels
this
Decad.
The
Agnoetae
held
that
Christs
divinity
was
ignorant
of
the
last
day
.
The
Trithets
founded
by
Iohannes
Grammaticus
or
Philoponus
,
made
three
Natures
or
Essences
in
God.
The
Iacobites
from
Iacob
the
Syrian
,
were
Eutychians
.
Armenii
so
called
from
their
Countrey
,
held
a
Quaternity
in
God
;
made
God
passible
,
and
denyed
that
Christ
took
his
humanity
from
Mary
.
Boniface
called
Universal-Bishop
by
Phocas
.
The
Emperor
is
in
a
dream
accused
of
homicide
,
for
not
redeeming
the
Captives
;
therefore
growes
penitent
.
Mahumet
begins
to
broach
his
doctrines
.
The
Bishop
of
Antioch
abused
and
burnt
by
the
Jews
,
and
the
Christians
persecuted
by
them
.
In
the
East
,
Heraclius
reigns
31
years
:
he
makes
his
son
Heraclius
Emperor
,
and
newnames
Carthage
.
Cosroes
refuseth
to
make
peace
with
Heraclius
,
except
he
will
reject
Christ
,
and
adore
the
Sun.
The
Emperor
is
betrayed
by
Chaganus
,
and
defeated
in
Thrace
.
Cosroes
is
adored
as
a
God.
Ebald
King
of
Kent
becomes
a
Gentile
,
and
marrieth
his
stepmother
,
but
is
reclaimed
by
the
Archbishop
.
Brunchild
in
France
sets
the
Kings
at
variance
;
at
last
being
found
guilty
of
the
death
of
ten
Kings
,
is
tyed
by
the
hairs
of
her
head
to
a
wild-horse
and
torn
in
peeces
.
Victericus
the
Visigoth
is
slain
by
his
own
people
at
a
feast
.
Sisebutus
his
successor
and
brother
converted
90000
Jewes
:
Eleutherius
the
Exarch
stileth
himself
King
of
Italy
;
he
is
slain
by
his
souldiers
,
and
his
head
sent
to
Constantinople
.
In
the
Church
,
Deus-dedit
sate
Pope
3
years
:
He
ordained
,
that
none
should
marry
their
godfathers
or
godmothers
,
and
that
none
should
answer
for
their
own
children
in
baptisme
.
Boniface
5.
succeeded
8
years
;
He
instituted
Sanctuaries
.
Six
Councels
gathered
this
Decad.
Cosroes
carrieth
the
Crosse
of
Christ
from
Ierusalem
to
Persia.
The
Jewes
flie
out
of
Spain
into
France
,
where
strict
lawes
are
also
made
against
them
.
Heraelius
robs
the
Churches
,
to
pay
the
souldiers
in
his
Persian
expedition
;
He
leaves
the
care
of
the
City
,
and
of
his
son
,
to
the
Patriarch
,
and
a
Patritian
.
Seventy
Ambassadors
Seleucia
.
Sarbora
with
his
forces
revolteth
to
Heraclius
,
who
returneth
with
the
Crosse
and
other
spoils
to
Ierusalem
,
and
driveth
the
Jewes
out
of
the
City
.
Cosroes
flaieth
his
General
Saes
,
because
he
did
not
catch
Heraclius
.
Siroes
the
eldest
son
of
Cosroes
,
kills
all
his
brothers
first
,
and
then
his
father
.
About
this
time
the
Faith
was
imbraced
in
Northumberland
,
and
the
Archbishoprick
of
York
founded
.
In
Scotland
,
King
Ferquhard
,
for
Pelagianisme
,
is
imprisoned
by
his
Nobles
,
and
then
kills
himself
.
In
France
,
Pipin
Caroloman's
son
is
made
by
Clothaire
the
1
Duke
of
Brabant
.
Mahumet
flieth
to
Mecha
from
his
enemies
;
from
this
flight
the
Turks
begin
their
Computation
,
called
Hegira
:
He
becomes
of
a
Prophet
a
Robber
,
and
takes
Mecha
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Honorius
sate
13
years
:
He
built
and
repaired
divers
Churches
;
he
covered
S.
Peters
with
brasse
,
taken
from
the
Temple
of
Romulus
.
Heraclius
the
Emperor
becomes
a
Monothelite
;
this
heresie
was
condemned
in
the
6.
General-Councel
held
at
Constant.
The
feast
of
the
Exaltation
of
the
Crosse
,
instituted
Sept.
14.
being
now
regained
from
the
Persian
.
The
Saracens
being
denied
their
pay
,
and
called
Dogs
by
the
Emperors
Treasurer
,
they
make
war
against
Mauritius
;
they
take
Gaza
and
other
places
,
with
Arabia
,
and
defeat
Antioch
,
Edessa
,
Daras
,
and
all
Mesopotamia
.
Erpenwald
King
of
the
East-Angles
,
slain
by
his
people
for
being
a
Christian.
Dagobert
becomes
sole
Monarch
of
France
;
he
founded
a
Colledge
for
Fair
women
,
and
beautifieth
S.
Dennis
;
he
hath
divers
victories
.
Rotharis
the
Lombard
gave
liberty
of
conscience
to
Catholikes
and
Arians
.
Isaacius
the
Exarch
robs
the
Popes
treasure
.
Mahumet
dieth
.
The
Persians
subdued
by
the
Saracens
.
In
the
Church
,
Severinus
,
Iohn
4.
Theodorus
Popes
,
succeeded
each
other
in
a
short
time
,
Martin
sate
Pope
6
years
.
Six
Councels
were
held
within
this
Decad:
in
the
6.
of
Toledo
,
the
Kings
of
Spain
are
ordered
to
swear
,
that
none
but
Christians
should
be
suffered
to
live
within
their
Kingdomes
;
hereupon
the
Jewes
are
banished
.
Amandus
Bishop
of
Uiricht
converts
Gaunt
to
the
faith
.
The
Christians
are
permited
to
exercise
their
Religion
at
Ierusalem
.
About
this
time
,
England
was
divided
into
Parishes
.
In
the
East
,
Constanine
2.
Heraclius
his
son
,
reigned
4
moneths
,
and
is
poysoned
by
his
stepmother
Martina
,
who
with
her
son
Heracleon
reigned
4
moneths
;
she
lost
her
tongue
,
Kenwalk
.
Frequbard
2.
King
of
Scotland
,
ravisheth
his
Daughter
,
and
killed
his
Queen
.
Dagobert
of
France
repairs
Utrieht
,
and
bestows
it
on
the
Bishop
of
Colen
.
The
Saracens
take
Caesarea
in
Palestine
after
7
years
siege
;
they
subdue
all
Asia
,
839
years
after
Antiochus
the
Great
lost
it
.
Haumar
builds
a
Temple
in
Ierusalem
for
his
Superstition
,
in
which
he
was
murthered
.
Hothman
his
successor
makes
Africk
tributary
,
and
conquereth
Cyprus
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Martin
for
opposing
the
Monothelites
,
is
sent
by
the
Exarch
to
Constantinople
,
where
he
is
imprisoned
,
and
then
banished
to
Pontus
.
6
Councels
held
this
Decad.
The
Emperor
sets
out
an
Edict
,
forbidding
Disputations
about
one
or
two
Wills
in
Christ
.
Pyrrhus
the
Monothelite
,
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
recanteth
and
relapseth
.
The
Emperor
buyes
two
years
peace
of
the
Saracens
for
a
great
sum
;
they
take
Rhodes
,
and
defeat
the
Emperor
in
a
Sea-fight
,
he
escaped
in
a
disguise
,
then
he
beats
the
Selavi
.
In
the
Church
,
Eugenius
4.
supplieth
Martins
place
being
absent
,
he
appointed
Bishops
to
have
prisons
of
their
own
for
Clergy-delinquents
.
Pope
Vitalianus
succeeds
14
years
;
he
brought
Organs
into
the
Church
.
Four
Councels
held
this
Decad.
The
Roman
Clergy
sollicited
by
the
Emperor
to
subscribe
to
the
Type
or
Edict
,
but
in
vain
.
Maximus
the
Abbot
,
for
refusing
is
scourged
,
his
tongue
cut
out
,
and
his
right
hand
cut
off
,
and
then
banished
.
Caesara
.
9.
of
Persia
,
or
Parthia
rather
,
is
baptised
at
Constantinople
;
and
by
her
means
,
her
husband
and
people
.
The
Saracens
make
peace
among
themselves
,
and
refuse
to
pay
the
Emperour
his
Tribute
;
In
the
Church
Adeodatus
sate
Pope
7
years
.
5
Councels
this
Decad
;
one
was
held
in
England
,
about
the
difference
between
the
English
and
Scots
for
observing
the
Feast
of
Easter
.
The
Emperour
robs
the
Church
of
Rome
,
and
gives
her
priviledeges
.
The
Saracens
take
Syracuse
,
and
carry
thence
to
Alexandria
the
brasse-monuments
,
which
Consrans
had
taken
out
of
Rome
:
they
befiege
Byzantium
7
years
together
.
30000
Saracens
In
the
Church
,
Donnus
the
first
sate
Pope
2
years
;
he
subjected
the
Church
of
Ravenna
to
Rome
.
Agatho
succeeded
4
years
.
5
Councels
this
Decad.
Christs
Napkin
,
8
foot
long
,
found
by
the
Jewes
,
taken
from
them
by
the
Saracens
,
and
given
to
the
Christians
.
Constantine
being
dead
,
his
son
Iustinian
succeeds
10
years
.
Divers
countries
taken
from
the
Saracens
,
who
are
forced
to
pay
a
yearly
tribute
of
1000
Crowns
,
with
a
horse
Bulgarians
.
Cadwallader
the
last
King
of
the
Britams
,
becomes
a
Monk
in
Rome
.
K.
Maldwyn
of
Scotland
is
strangled
by
his
wife
,
and
she
is
burnt
.
In
King
Eugenius
the
6.
his
time
,
it
rained
blood
through
all
Britain
for
seven
dayes
.
In
France
,
Theodoric
of
a
Monk
is
made
King
;
he
persecutes
his
Bishops
.
The
Maronites
take
from
the
Saracens
all
from
Taurus
to
Libanus
.
The
Saracens
have
civil-war
among
themselves
.
In
the
Church
,
Leo
2.
was
Pope
;
He
ordered
the
kissing
of
the
Pax.
To
him
succeeded
Bennet
2.
The
Emperor
gives
way
,
that
the
Popes
election
stand
good
,
without
his
or
successors
approbation
.
Iohn
5.
succeeds
;
After
him
is
the
8.
Schisme
between
Peter
and
Theadore
,
the
one
being
chosen
by
the
Exarch
,
the
other
by
the
people
;
a
third
is
chosen
,
Conon
by
name
;
then
follows
the
9.
Schisme
between
Theodore
and
Paschal
.
at
last
Sergius
succeeds
14
years
.
7
Councels
held
this
Decad.
All
the
Manichees
in
Armenia
burnt
by
Iustinian
.
Sergius
appointed
to
be
sung
at
the
Communion
,
[
O
Lamb
of
God
,
which
takest
away
the
sinnes
of
the
World
!
]
The
Saracens
offer
satisfaction
to
the
Emperor
for
wrongs
done
by
them
,
which
is
rejected
,
Saracens
.
Leontius
being
delivered
by
the
Emperor
out
of
prison
,
and
made
governor
of
Greece
,
takes
Iustinian
,
cuts
off
his
nose
,
and
banisheth
him
into
Pontus
.
This
Leontius
reigned
3
years
;
He
expels
by
his
brother
Iohn
the
Saracens
out
of
Africk
,
and
he
again
expelled
by
them
;
He
sets
up
Tiberius
Absimarus
7
years
;
he
cuts
off
Leontius
his
nose
,
and
thrusts
him
into
a
Monastery
.
The
Saracens
in
Syria
defeated
by
the
Romans
.
Pipin
is
made
Major
of
th●…
Palace
over
all
France
;
he
had
Charles
Martel
by
his
Concubine
.
Ina
King
of
the
West-Saxons
built
S.
Andrews
Colledge
in
Wells
,
beautified
Glassenbury
,
and
was
the
first
that
paid
Peter-pence
.
The
Jewes
conspire
against
the
King
of
Visigoths
in
Spain
;
they
are
upon
this
made
slaves
.
The
Venetians
choose
them
a
Duke
called
Paulus
Lucius
,
upon
the
Lombards
incursions
into
their
territories
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Sergius
rejecteth
the
Councel
of
Trullus
,
for
adding
103
Canons
to
the
6.
General
Councel
;
He
is
accused
of
whoredome
,
and
strangely
acquitted
by
the
Bastards
at
19
dayes
old
.
6
Councels
called
within
this
Decad.
It
was
decreed
that
Easter-week
,
called
Septimana
in
albis
,
should
be
kept
holy
;
the
Virgin
Mary's
Nativity
is
made
a
Feast
.
The
Saracens
killed
in
Armenia
.
Mahumet
reduceth
again
the
Country
into
obedience
Cilicia
.
Philippicus
is
banished
,
for
dreaming
he
should
be
Emperor
.
Iustinian
is
restored
again
to
the
Empire
by
the
Bulgarians
,
8
years
;
He
hangeth
Abismarus
,
Heraclius
,
and
Leontius
;
He
breaks
league
with
the
Bulgarians
,
and
is
beaten
by
them
.
Offa
King
of
the
East-Saxons
,
enlarged
Westminster-Church
;
He
with
Kenred
King
of
Mercia
,
went
to
Rome
and
became
Monks
.
Eugenius
the
7.
of
Scotland
lost
his
Queen
by
two
Rebels
who
entred
his
chamber
,
and
missing
him
,
killed
her
great
with
child
.
The
Normans
make
the
first
onset
upon
France
,
and
do
much
mischief
on
the
Coast.
Aripert
invades
Lombardy
,
and
doth
many
cruel
acts
;
the
Saracens
invade
Spain
,
and
do
much
hurt
.
C●…acus
Prince
of
Poland
expels
the
Franconians
out
of
his
dominion
,
builds
Cracovia
,
and
makes
it
his
chief
residence
:
He
destroyed
a
mischievous
Monster
,
by
flinging
into
its
cave
a
Calfs-skin
stufft
with
brimstone
,
pitch
and
nitre
,
which
he
devoured
,
and
so
dyed
.
In
the
Church
sate
Iohn
the
6.
3
years
;
He
repaired
Churches
,
and
redeemed
Captives
;
upon
his
intreaty
,
Gisulphus
D.
of
Benevent
gave
off
plundring
of
Campania
.
Aripert
the
Lombard
bestoweth
the
Cottian
Alpes
on
the
Church
:
This
was
the
first
Province
the
Pope
possessed
.
Iohn
the
7.
succeeds
3
years
;
He
built
our
Ladies
Chappel
in
St.
Peters
Church
:
Zozimus
succeeded
20
dayes
,
then
Constantine
7
years
;
the
Emperour
met
him
at
Nice
,
and
kissed
his
feet
.
Callinicus
,
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
had
his
eyes
put
out
,
and
banished
to
Rome
:
The
Emperour
could
not
procure
the
Pope
to
confirm
the
Councel
of
Trullus
.
Faelix
Bishop
of
Ravenna
,
lost
his
eyes
,
and
is
banished
to
Pontus
for
refusing
to
pay
his
tax
due
to
the
Pope
at
his
Consecration
:
The
Pope
freeth
Papia
from
Millans
jurisdiction
.
Iustinian
sends
an
Army
against
Chersonesus
,
which
killed
multitudes
,
rosted
the
Nobles
upon
spits
,
&
73000.
children
were
drowned
:
The
Chersonesians
at
this
proclaim
Philippicus
Tiberius
.
Thrace
is
wasted
by
the
Bulgarians
:
Philippicus
is
taken
,
and
his
eyes
put
out
:
Anastasius
Artemius
succeeds
2
years
.
The
Saracens
send
a
Fleet
against
Constantinople
.
A
mutiny
in
Phaenicia
in
the
Emperours
Army
,
in
which
the
General
is
killed
,
and
one
Theodosius
chosen
,
who
besiegeth
Constantinople
,
takes
Anastasius
,
and
thrusts
him
into
a
Monastery
;
his
General
Leo
Isaurus
is
chosen
24
years
.
Theodosius
,
to
redeem
his
son
,
resigneth
and
becomes
a
Priest.
Solyman
besiegeth
Constantinople
,
where
he
dyeth
,
with
most
of
his
Army
.
Omar
reneweth
the
siege
,
and
departeth
with
loss
.
Constantine
Copronymus
born
.
The
Archbishop
of
Thessalonica
and
the
Bulgars
set
up
Anastasius
again
,
but
the
Authors
are
executed
.
The
French
beat
the
Goths
quite
out
of
France
.
Charles
Martel
,
heir
to
Pipin
,
doth
great
feats
.
The
Danes
waste
Herefordshire
.
Ethelbald
King
of
Mereia
builds
Crowland
Abbey
.
Mordacus
King
of
Scots
,
built
many
Churches
and
Abbeys
.
Roderick
the
Visigoth
,
is
killed
with
his
Army
by
the
Saracens
,
who
makes
Corduba
the
seat
of
their
Kingdome
.
The
Goths
retire
into
Cantabria
.
Pelagius
defeateth
the
Moors
,
and
is
made
King
of
Oviedo
.
Aripert
of
Lombardy
is
drowned
with
his
Treasure
in
the
River
Papia
.
A
great
dissention
falls
out
between
the
Bishops
of
Aquilaeia
and
Grada
.
The
Saracens
waste
and
take
much
of
the
Empire
.
In
the
Church
,
Gregory
the
2.
sate
Pope
17
years
;
He
redeems
Cumae
from
the
Duke
of
Benevent
:
Two
Councels
held
this
Decad.
Omar
persecuteth
the
Christians
.
Germany
converted
by
Boniface
.
Radboldus
D.
of
Frisia
will
rather
go
to
Hell
with
many
,
then
to
Heaven
with
a
few
.
Iohn
,
a
blind
Monk
,
made
Patriarch
of
Constatinople
,
because
he
foretold
that
Philippicus
should
be
Emperour
.
Leo
makes
his
son
Constantine
Emperour
;
from
him
all
the
West
falls
off
,
for
prohibiting
Images
;
His
Army
also
rebels
.
Nice
in
Bitinia
besieged
by
the
Saracens
.
Charles
Martel
Germans
,
Bavarians
,
Frisians
,
and
Moors
.
Luitprand
the
Lombard
,
takes
Ravenna
from
the
Exarch
,
and
loseth
it
.
Pane
the
Exarch
,
and
his
son
,
are
slain
at
Rome
,
for
intending
to
kill
the
Pope
.
Eutychius
the
Eunuch
was
the
last
Exarch
,
for
he
was
expelled
afterward
by
Luitprand
:
The
Exarchs
had
ruled
in
Italy
under
the
Emperour
182
years
.
Chaganus
defeats
Musalmas
and
his
Saracens
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Gregory
sits
,
and
is
oftentimes
attempted
to
be
slain
by
the
Emperours
emissaries
;
At
last
he
excommunicates
the
Emperour
.
The
Jews
are
seduced
by
a
false
Messias
.
3
Councels
held
this
Decad
all
at
Rome
.
The
Jews
great
enemies
to
Images
.
Leo
,
upon
hope
of
long
life
,
pulls
down
Images
,
he
was
called
therefore
Iconomachus
;
His
Edict
against
Images
causeth
much
trouble
;
He
burneth
a
great
Library
,
and
12
Library-keepers
in
it
;
His
Statues
are
overthrown
,
and
Constantinople
besieged
by
the
Greeks
.
The
Frisians
are
converted
.
St.
Austins
bones
redeemed
from
the
Saracens
,
and
translated
to
Papia
.
Franconia
and
Hassia
converted
by
Winifred
.
Tiberius
the
Usurpers
head
is
sent
by
the
Exarch
from
Italy
to
Constantinople
.
The
Saracens
plunder
Asia
.
One
Philippicus
scourged
for
absolving
Witches
,
who
had
killed
some
France
,
Charles
is
victorious
over
the
Moors
and
Goths
.
In
Spain
,
Alphonsus
King
of
Leon
assumes
the
title
of
Catholique
.
Rittogarus
,
a
German
Prince
,
for
being
beaten
by
Venda
daughter
to
Cracus
of
Poland
,
kills
himself
.
The
Venetians
kill
Orso
their
Duke
,
and
choose
annual
Magistrates
.
Luitprand
the
Lombard
,
and
the
Exarch
,
make
league
against
the
Pope
.
In
the
Church
,
Gregory
the
3.
sate
11
years
;
His
Revenues
in
Sicily
and
Calabria
amounting
yearly
to
8000
l.
are
detained
by
the
Emperour
.
Luitprand
besiegeth
Rome
,
and
takes
four
Cities
from
the
Pope
;
the
Emperour
will
not
be
perswaded
by
the
Pope
and
Italians
to
restore
Images
.
One
Councel
held
at
Rome
this
Decad.
Boniface
founded
the
Bishopricks
of
Ratisbone
and
Saltzburg
.
Copronimus
succeeds
Leo
34
years
;
he
takes
Ardavastus
the
Usurper
with
his
two
sons
,
and
puts
out
their
eyes
,
and
causeth
Anastasius
the
Patriarch
to
be
led
back
upon
an
Asse
through
Constantinople
,
for
aiding
him
.
A
great
earth-quake
in
Syria
,
and
a
Plague
in
Cyprus
.
Charls
dieth
in
France
,
and
leaveth
four
sons
;
the
two
elder
Caroloman
and
Pipin
subdue
the
Gascoins
,
Almains
and
Saxons
.
Pipin
becomes
Major
of
the
Palace
alone
.
Luitprand
the
Lombard
recovers
Spoletum
and
Benevent
by
the
Popes
aide
;
therefore
restores
him
four
Cities
,
with
the
Patrimony
of
Ancona
,
Sabina
,
and
Narne
.
Rachisius
the
Lombard
breaks
the
peace
made
with
the
Pope
;
upon
which
he
with
his
Queen
enters
a
Monastery
.
The
Polonians
choose
Palatius
again
:
Venda
drowns
her self
out
of
superstition
.
The
Huns
or
Hungarians
transplant
themselves
out
of
Scythia
into
Panonia
.
Soloman
the
Saracen
rebelleth
,
and
is
executed
.
The
Venetian
choose
Dukes
again
.
Theodat
Orso's
son
is
elected
.
In
the
Church
,
Zachary
sate
10
years
;
He
composeth
the
distractions
of
Italy
.
7
Councels
were
called
in
this
Decad.
The
Christians
of
Antioch
are
permitted
by
the
Saracens
to
choose
them
a
Patriarch
after
40
years
vacancy
.
Peter
Bishop
of
Damascus
hath
his
tongue
cut
out
by
the
Saracens
,
for
refuting
Infidels
.
The
Pope
would
not
have
the
Childe
in
Bavaria
baptised
with
false
Latine
,
to
be
rebaptised
,
being
no
heresie
.
Gervilius
Bishop
of
Mentz
,
for
murther
,
hawking
,
and
hunting
,
is
deposed
.
The
Pater
Noster
and
Creed
ordered
to
be
read
in
English
,
at
Cliffe-Councel
.
Constantine
makes
his
son
Leo
Emperour
:
the
Exarchat
fals
to
the
Lombards
possession
.
Armenians
.
Constantine
sends
Organs
and
other
Presents
to
Pipin
.
He
expells
the
Sclavi
out
Macedonia
,
but
is
beaten
by
the
Bulgarians
.
Chilperick
the
French
King
,
and
last
of
the
Merovinges
,
is
thrust
by
Pipin
into
a
Monastery
,
who
reigns
alone
17
years
:
he
with
his
sons
Caroloman
and
Charls
are
anointed
by
the
Pope
at
Paris
.
Pipin
forceth
Aistulphus
the
Lombard
to
make
restitution
to
the
Pope
,
and
to
buy
his
own
Peace
:
He
subdueth
Saxony
:
Vaifarius
Duke
of
Aquitain
forced
to
make
peace
with
Pipin
.
Alphonsus
of
Spain
recovers
Navar
,
and
much
of
Portugal
,
and
rooteth
out
Arianisme
.
Aistulphus
the
Lombard
having
taken
Ravenna
claimeth
jurisdiction
over
Rome
;
but
Pipin
helps
the
Pope
.
Aistulphus
breaks
his
neck
in
hunting
.
Desiderius
made
King
who
bestows
Ferrara
and
other
places
on
the
Pope
.
Poland
is
invaded
by
the
Moravians
and
Panonians
.
The
Venetians
to
curb
the
Dukes
power
,
joyn
two
Tribunes
to
govern
with
him
.
Seleucia
is
repaired
by
the
Saracens
,
and
called
Bagdet
.
Habdel
the
Saracen
oppresseth
the
Christians
,
the
Turks
waste
Armenia
and
Persia.
In
the
Church
,
Stephen
2.
was
Pope
but
8
dayes
.
Stephen
3.
succeeded
5
years
.
He
was
the
first
Pope
that
was
carried
on
mens
shoulders
.
Pipin
bestows
on
him
the
Exarch
,
and
the
Country
about
Luna
,
with
Corsica
,
Soranum
,
Parma
,
Rhegium
,
Mantua
,
Spoletum
and
Benneventium
.
Paul
succeeded
10
years
;
he
is
opposed
by
Theophilact
Antipope
,
which
made
the
tenth
schisme
.
Paul
built
a
Monastery
in
Rome
,
where
the
Greek-Psalms
were
to
be
sung
.
In
this
Decad
were
held
two
Councels
.
Boniface
is
slain
by
the
Frisians
who
were
revolted
from
Christ
.
The
Turks
receive
Mahumets
Alcaron
.
Constantine
defeats
the
Bulgarians
divers
times
,
but
lost
his
Fleet
:
He
beheaded
the
Patriarch
:
he
makes
Nicephorus
and
Christopher
his
sons
Caesars
.
Leo
marrieth
Irene
the
Athenian
.
Fergusius
of
Scotland
strangled
by
the
Queen
,
which
fact
she
confessed
,
because
he
preferred
Concubines
to
her
,
and
so
stabs
her self
before
the
people
.
Pipin
subdueth
all
Aquitain
,
and
instituteth
the
Parliament
of
Paris
.
Charls
the
Great
succeeded
in
France
,
Burgundy
,
and
Aquitain
.
Soyssons
left
to
Caraloman
.
The
Danes
descended
of
the
Cimbri
,
being
expelled
Scythia
,
place
themselves
in
that
Chersonese
called
Cimbrick
from
them
.
The
Venetians
depose
their
Duke
Monegario
,
and
put
out
his
eyes
for
tyrannising
.
In
the
Church
,
a
schisme
which
is
the
11.
is
made
by
Philip
a
Priest
,
but
he
is
cast
out
of
the
Lateran
the
fifth
day
,
and
Stephen
the
4.
chosen
,
who
sate
4
years
.
This
Decad
produced
3
Councels
:
The
Emperour
assembleth
all
the
Asian
Monks
at
Ephesus
,
commanding
them
either
to
marry
,
or
lose
their
eyes
,
and
to
be
banished
into
Cyprus
:
He
expels
the
Monks
,
and
sels
their
Monasteries
.
The
Saracens
invade
the
Empire
,
and
defeat
the
Emperours
army
in
Isauria
.
The
Bulgarians
break
the
peace
,
which
cost
the
lives
of
12000
of
their
men
.
Leo
the
4.
succeedeth
In
the
Church
,
Adrian
was
Pope
24
years
;
he
first
sealed
with
Lead
.
Desiderius
makes
a
lay-man
ArchBishop
of
Ravenna
,
whom
the
Pope
expels
.
Desiderius
for
oppressing
the
Pope
,
is
subdued
by
Charls
.
The
title
of
Patritians
in
Rome
abolished
by
Pope
Adrian
.
9
Councels
assembled
this
Decad.
Habdalla
the
Saracen
,
commands
all
Christians
and
Jews
to
be
marked
in
their
hands
:
The
Pope
and
Councel
gave
full
power
to
Charls
and
his
successors
to
choose
the
Pope
.
A
Sedition
raised
at
Constantinople
,
in
behalf
of
Nicephorus
.
Charls
is
sent
to
by
Irene
,
for
a
match
between
his
daughter
and
her
son
:
Shee
recovereth
the
booty
from
the
Selavi
.
Irenes
forces
defeated
in
Italy
by
the
French
,
and
break
off
the
marriage
of
her
son
,
whom
she
married
to
a
mean
Armenian
called
Mary
.
The
Danes
invade
England
;
a
League
made
between
France
and
Scotland
.
The
Scots
and
Irish
make
war
upon
each
other
.
Pipin
son
to
King
Charls
is
crowned
at
Rome
,
King
of
Italy
.
The
Saxons
rebell
,
and
are
subdued
:
they
are
transplanted
into
Brabant
and
Flanders
.
The
Dukes
of
Benevent
and
Bavaria
rebel
,
and
are
subdued
.
Charls
subdueth
the
Sclavonians
.
Ethelburga
daughter
to
Offa
the
Saxon
,
poysoned
her
husband
unwittingly
,
and
fled
into
France
,
where
she
is
thrust
into
a
Monastery
.
Irene
forced
by
the
Saracens
to
pay
tribute
;
her
Fleet
is
surprised
by
them
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Adrian
is
god-father
to
Pipin
Charls
his
son
:
he
repairs
Churches
,
and
feeds
100
people
daily
in
the
Lateran
.
In
this
Decad
were
5
Councels
;
one
whereof
was
the
2.
of
Nice
,
or
8.
General
of
350
Bishops
,
for
restoring
Images
.
In
Thrace
,
was
digged
out
of
a
wall
a
stone-Coffin
,
with
this
inscription
,
Christ
shall
be
born
of
the
Virgin
Mary
,
&c.
Charls
founded
the
Bishoprick
of
Breme
.
A
Councel
at
Constantinople
,
disturbed
by
the
people
,
about
Images
.
Constantine
undertakes
the
government
,
and
deposeth
his
mother
,
and
admits
her
again
upon
entreaty
;
he
is
defeated
by
the
Bulgarians
:
he
puts
out
the
eyes
of
Nicephorus
,
Leo
Isauricus
,
(
About
this
time
,
the
Sun
darkned
17
dayes
together
)
She
makes
peace
with
Charles
,
and
puts
out
the
eyes
of
Copronymus
his
son
.
Intercourse
prohibited
between
Charles
and
Offa's
subjects
.
The
Danes
waste
England
again
.
Egbert
King
of
the
West-Saxons
becomes
sole
Monarch
of
England
.
Charles
defeats
the
Hungarians
and
Saxons
again
;
His
son
Pipin
rebelleth
,
and
is
put
into
a
Monastery
.
Charles
builds
a
Bridge
at
Mentz
over
the
Rhine
;
he
kills
4000
rebellious
Saxons
.
Alphonsus
in
Spain
kills
70000
Moors
,
and
frees
the
Land
of
the
tribute
of
Virgins
:
He
takes
Lisbon
from
them
,
and
makes
a
League
with
Charles
.
S.
Iames
is
made
Patron
of
Spain
,
whose
Body
was
now
found
,
and
a
Church
built
by
Alphonsus
for
it
.
He
sends
rich
Presents
to
Charles
,
who
takes
Buda
in
Hungary
.
In
the
Church
,
Adrian
is
yet
Pope
:
He
repairs
the
walls
of
Rome
ruined
by
the
Tiber.
To
him
succeeds
Leo
3.
21
years
.
4
Synods
held
within
this
Decad.
The
Councel
of
Frankfort
condemns
the
2.
Councel
of
Nice
.
Charles
founded
the
Archbishoprick
of
Hamburgh
,
which
afterward
was
translated
to
Breme
.
The
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
is
excommunicated
by
the
Abbot
,
for
consenting
to
the
Emperors
second
marriage
,
his
first
wife
yet
living
.
In
the
East
,
Irene
and
Charles
treat
about
a
marriage
;
mean
while
Nicephorus
banisheth
her
,
Charles
;
Sicily
and
a
part
of
Italy
are
reserved
for
the
Greek
Empire
.
Bardanes
is
proclaimed
Emperor
,
but
he
waves
it
,
and
enters
into
a
Covent
:
Nicephorus
puts
out
his
eyes
,
and
makes
his
own
son
Stauratius
Emperor
;
He
is
beat
by
the
Saracens
,
and
forced
to
pay
an
annual
tribute
;
He
tyranniseth
,
and
loseth
Sardis
with
much
treasure
,
and
6000
Greeks
to
the
Bulgarians
.
In
the
West
,
Charlemain
is
crowned
Emperor
by
Pope
Leo
;
He
reigned
14
years
;
He
repaireth
Florence
,
punisheth
the
plotters
against
the
Pope
,
takes
Nuceria
and
other
places
from
the
Greeks
,
transplants
the
Saxons
into
France
,
and
gives
their
lands
to
the
Vandals
,
he
wasts
Bohemia
,
kils
Lescus
the
Polonian
;
he
builds
Dresda
&
Numberg
;
then
by
will
leaves
Italy
to
Pipin
,
France
to
Lewis
,
Saxony
and
the
rest
to
Charles
.
The
Spanish
Moors
waste
Sardinia
and
Corsica
.
Egbert
the
English
Monarch
expels
Balred
of
Kent
,
which
he
makes
a
Province
,
and
calls
the
whole
Island
by
the
name
of
England
.
The
Scots
begin
to
weare
S.
Andrews
Crosse
in
their
Banners
,
upon
the
Victory
they
had
against
Athelstane
of
Northumberland
,
which
S.
Andrew
appearing
promised
to
them
.
Frisia
is
subdued
by
the
Danes
.
The
Earldome
of
Arragon
by
marriage
falls
to
Garzias
King
of
Navarre
.
Mauritius
Duke
of
Venice
,
flung
the
Bishop
of
Grada
from
an
high
tower
,
for
reproving
him
of
his
lusts
;
upon
this
flieth
with
his
father
.
Quarrels
between
the
Herocleans
and
Aquileians
.
The
Venetians
side
with
the
Moors
against
Pipin
.
The
Saracens
divide
themselves
into
six
Principalities
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Leo
sits
again
,
after
he
had
been
beaten
and
imprisoned
upon
false
crimes
,
of
which
he
cleares
himself
in
a
Synod
at
Rome
.
4
Councels
were
held
in
this
Decad.
Paulus
Diaconus
was
the
first
that
composed
Postils
for
the
year
,
at
the
command
of
Charles
.
In
the
East
,
Nicephorus
and
most
of
the
Nobility
slain
by
Crumnus
the
Bulgarian
.
Stauratius
after
two
moneths
is
thrust
into
a
Covent
by
Michael
Curopulata
.
Thrace
and
Macedon
Italy
.
Charlemain
,
a
little
before
his
death
,
crowns
his
son
Lewis
Emperor
;
then
dieth
aged
72
years
.
His
son
Lewis
,
called
the
Pious
,
succeeded
27
years
;
He
makes
Lotharius
King
of
France
,
and
his
Colleague
.
Pipin
is
made
King
of
Aquitain
,
and
Lewis
King
of
Bavaria
.
Bernard
Pipin's
son
rebelleth
,
with
divers
Bishops
.
Bernard
dieth
,
and
leaves
three
sons
.
The
Bridge
at
Mentz
burnt
in
three
houres
,
which
was
not
built
in
ten
years
.
Lewis
subdueth
the
Vandals
.
In
Spain
,
the
Moors
rebell
,
and
are
slain
by
Alphonso
.
Popielus
Prince
of
Poland
had
one
of
his
sons
devoured
by
Rats
,
as
he
used
in
his
anger
to
wish
.
Siward
and
Ringo
striving
for
the
Kingdome
of
Denmark
are
both
slain
in
battel
.
The
Norwegians
infest
the
Danish
coast
.
Gaunt-Monastery
burnt
by
accident
.
In
the
Church
,
Steven
5.
sate
7
moneths
:
To
him
succeeded
Paschalis
1.
7
yeares
;
he
redeemed
Captives
,
and
built
Churches
.
10
Councels
were
held
in
this
Decad.
Herbert
a
Bishop
is
sent
to
the
King
of
Swevia
;
to
convert
his
people
.
St.
Iames
of
Compostella
began
about
this
time
to
be
famous
for
miracles
Leo
an
enemy
to
Images
.
The
Romans
are
permitted
by
the
Emperor
to
choose
their
own
Popes
.
In
the
East
,
Michael
Balbus
is
released
,
and
reigneth
8
years
:
He
geldeth
Leo's
sons
.
One
Moors
.
Euthemius
Governor
of
Sicily
revolteth
to
the
Moors
,
but
he
is
killed
at
Syracuse
.
To
Michael
succeeded
his
son
Theophilus
12
years
:
He
puts
to
death
the
murtherers
of
Leo
;
He
makes
his
subjects
to
weare
short
haire
,
because
his
were
thin
.
In
the
West
,
Lewis
warreth
against
Hungary
;
Lotharius
is
crowned
Emperor
at
Rome
;
Afric
wasted
by
the
Imperial
forces
;
A
new
plot
detected
against
the
Emperor
.
About
this
time
it
rained
Corn
in
Gascoign
.
In
Spain
,
the
Moors
are
beacen
;
The
country
is
wasted
by
the
Normans
.
The
Danes
commit
pyracies
,
at
far
as
Constantinople
.
Harold
King
of
Denmark
,
being
expelled
,
is
baptised
with
his
brother
Ericus
,
at
Mentz
.
St.
Marks
Body
is
brought
from
Alexandria
to
Venice
,
which
is
laid
in
the
Castle-chappel
,
and
a
Church
erected
to
it
.
The
Saracens
invade
Palestine
,
and
waste
Sicily
.
The
Monastery
of
Gaunt
rebuilt
by
the
Abbot
.
In
the
Church
,
Eugenius
2.
sate
3
years
.
A
12.
Schisme
is
made
by
Zifinius
the
Antipope
.
Valentine
succeeded
40
dayes
.
Then
Gregory
4.
17
yeares
.
8
Councels
held
in
this
Decad.
The
Greek
Emperor
gives
way
to
erect
Images
without
the
City
,
but
not
within
.
Ebbo
Bishop
of
Rhemes
sent
by
the
Pope
to
convert
the
Danes
.
At
Acon
Organs
are
used
,
the
first
in
the
Western
Church
.
Denmark
and
Swedeland
converted
.
In
the
East
,
Theophilus
defeats
the
Saracens
;
His
son-in-law
Alexius
fights
successefully
against
the
Lombards
.
The
Emperor
was
almost
surprised
by
the
Saracens
,
who
take
Normandy
.
Pipin
dieth
,
and
the
Kingdome
of
Aquitain
is
divided
between
Lotharius
and
Charles
.
Lewis
of
Bavaria
rebells
against
his
father
.
The
Danes
defeat
Egbert
King
of
England
,
and
are
defeated
by
him
;
At
Portsmouth
they
beat
,
at
Southampton
are
beaten
.
About
this
time
ended
the
Picts
Kingdom
,
being
utterly
destroyed
by
the
Scots
.
The
Bishops
of
Lions
and
Vienne
excommunicate
Lewis
for
marrying
his
Kinswoman
:
The
Bishop
of
Utricht
slain
by
her
command
,
for
threatening
to
excommunicate
Lewis
.
Ordonius
the
Spanish
King
takes
Cauria
and
Salmantica
,
and
kills
the
Moors
,
who
in
battel
slew
Sancho
King
of
Navar.
Regmer
the
Dane
taken
by
Hella
King
of
Ireland
,
and
stung
to
death
with
serpents
.
Ericus
King
of
Denmark
,
of
a
Persecutor
becomes
a
Convert
.
Iohn
Duke
of
Venice
forced
to
flie
into
France
,
from
whence
returning
is
put
into
a
Monastery
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Gregory
4.
instituteth
the
Feast
of
the
Holy-Trinity
;
he
calls
the
Feast
of
All-Martyrs
,
All-Saints
.
4
Councels
held
within
this
Decad.
The
Feast
of
All-Saints
translated
from
the
12.
of
May
to
the
1.
of
November
.
S.
Bartholmew's
Bones
drowned
in
the
Indian
sea
,
are
brought
from
Lipara
to
Benevent
.
In
the
East
,
Theophilus
taketh
Sosopetra
the
Saracens
chief
City
.
The
Persians
,
for
want
of
pay
,
salute
Theophilus
Emperor
,
who
is
taken
and
imprisoned
,
and
at
last
executed
.
Normandy
.
Lotharius
is
twice
defeated
by
his
brothers
:
The
difference
is
referred
to
120
Noblemen
,
who
award
to
Lotharius
,
Italy
,
a
part
of
France
,
Burgundy
,
and
Austria
,
which
from
him
was
called
Lotharingia
.
Lewis
King
of
Germany
beats
the
Vandals
.
Bononia
rased
by
the
Emperor
,
for
abusing
his
Son.
The
Bohemians
rebell
,
and
are
subdued
by
the
Emperor
,
whose
forces
are
at
last
mastered
by
them
.
The
English
defeat
the
Danes
.
Kenneth
the
Scots
King
,
removes
the
Marble-stone
(
brought
from
Spain
to
Ireland
,
and
thence
to
Scotland
)
out
of
Argile
into
Scone
,
which
he
inclosed
in
a
Woodden-Chair
,
wherein
the
Scots
Kings
were
crowned
.
In
France
,
Charles
the
Bald
reigns
.
The
Normans
enter
France
as
far
as
Paris
.
Alphonsus
3.
of
Spain
,
called
the
Great
,
makes
S.
Iames-Church
of
stone
,
which
before
was
earth
;
He
wasteth
the
Moors
Country
.
The
Normans
loose
70
ships
at
Gallecia
.
Toledo
taken
by
the
Moors
.
Popielus
Prince
of
Poland
,
with
his
wife
and
children
devoured
by
Rats
,
which
grew
out
of
the
Bodies
they
had
murthered
.
The
Venetian
ships
taken
and
sunk
by
the
Saracens
,
who
waste
Dalmatia
,
and
take
Ancona
;
They
fire
also
the
Suburbs
of
Rome
,
and
rob
the
Churches
of
St.
Peter
and
St.
Paul.
In
the
Church
,
Sergius
2
was
Pope
3
years
:
He
is
opposed
by
Iohn
a
Deacon
,
which
made
the
13.
Schisme
.
Sergius
(
at
first
)
was
called
Os
Porci
.
He
built
the
Castle
of
S.
Angelo
.
Leo
4.
succeeded
8
years
;
He
built
a
new
City
begun
by
Sergius
,
and
calls
it
Leonina
;
He
with
the
Neapolitans
beats
the
Saracens
at
sea
.
7
Councels
assembled
this
Decad.
The
Romans
refuse
to
confirm
Leo
Pope
,
without
the
Emperor
.
Iohn
the
Patriarch
deposed
,
for
opposing
Images
.
In
the
East
,
Bardas
the
Emperors
Uncle
made
him
kill
his
Tutor
Theodictus
,
because
he
Selavi
,
Vandals
,
and
Sarab
.
He
wins
most
of
France
.
The
Danes
enter
the
Thames
,
plunder
Canterbury
and
London
,
but
are
defeated
in
Surry
.
The
Scots
beat
the
English
,
and
are
beaten
by
them
.
The
Picts
passe
into
Denmark
and
Norway
.
In
France
,
Pipin
escaping
out
of
his
Monastery
,
is
taken
and
imprisoned
.
The
Normans
take
Tours
and
Anjou
,
and
upon
civil-wars
at
home
,
return
.
In
Spain
,
Toledo
and
Corduba
rebell
.
Alphonsus
raiseth
the
Moors
from
the
siege
of
Conimbria
.
The
Danes
invade
Holland
.
Lotharius
confirms
the
Venetian
priviledges
.
In
the
Church
,
Leo
made
many
Collects
.
He
builds
Centum-cellae
,
or
Civita-Vecchia
,
spoiled
by
the
Saracens
,
and
calls
it
Leopolis
.
To
him
succeeded
Iohn
8.
who
,
some
say
,
was
a
woman
,
others
deny
it
.
Bennet
3.
succeeded
2
years
;
opposed
by
Anastasius
,
in
the
14.
Schisme
.
Nicholaus
1.
succeeds
9
years
:
He
hid
himself
,
that
he
might
not
be
chosen
.
This
Decad
afforded
9
Councels
.
The
Manichees
are
punished
by
Theodora
in
the
East
.
In
the
East
,
Constantinople
is
besieged
by
the
Russians
.
Bardas
,
by
Michaels
negligence
,
made
Caesar
:
he
favoured
Learning
.
The
Church
of
Sophia
burnt
.
Bardas
killed
by
Basilius
,
Charles
.
Lotharius
forsakes
his
Concubine
,
and
takes
his
Wife
again
.
Lambert
Duke
of
Spoletum
loseth
his
Dutchy
for
plundring
Rome
.
The
Saracens
lose
many
places
to
the
Western
Princes
.
Bari
is
taken
,
and
in
it
the
Saracen-Sultan
.
Ethelred
the
English
King
defeated
the
Danes
nine
times
;
slew
nine
of
their
Earls
,
and
one
of
their
Kings
.
The
Danes
challenge
Pictland
,
and
commit
great
outrages
in
Fife
.
Thierry
son
to
Sigebert
Duke
of
Aquitaine
is
made
the
first
Earle
of
Holland
by
the
French
King
Charles
.
The
Normans
waste
Anjou
and
other
places
.
Charls
invadeth
Lotharius
his
kingdome
,
and
is
crowned
at
Mentz
,
and
divides
the
Kingdome
with
Lewis
King
of
Germany
:
the
Saracens
are
expelled
Grada
,
by
the
Venetians
.
Baldwin
of
Flanders
reconciled
to
Charls
the
Bald.
Thierry
of
Holland
,
subdueth
his
rebellious
people
,
and
the
Frislanders
;
obtaineth
Zealand
,
and
drives
the
Danes
out
of
Holland
.
In
the
Church
,
Nicolaus
sits
yet
;
he
opposed
the
Synod
of
Constantinople
,
and
excommunicates
Photius
the
Patriarch
,
and
is
excommunicated
by
him
;
and
forceth
Lotharius
to
take
his
wife
again
.
Hadrian
succeeds
4
years
:
He
threatueth
Charls
and
Lewis
for
invading
the
kingdome
of
Lorrain
.
16
Councels
held
this
Decad
;
one
whereof
was
the
eighth
General
Councel
of
Constantinople
,
against
Photius
.
The
Sclavi
in
Moravia
receive
the
Gospel
:
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Colen
and
Trevers
deposed
for
causing
Lotharius
to
repudiate
his
wife
.
Lotharius
denies
the
Popes
power
in
Temporals
.
The
King
of
Bulgaria
becomes
a
Monk
,
and
puts
out
the
eyes
of
his
Apostate
son
.
The
Huns
and
Russians
converted
:
The
Pope
in
the
Synod
of
Constantinople
obtaineth
jurisdiction
over
the
Bulgarians
;
but
they
fell
afterward
to
the
Greek
Church
.
In
the
East
,
Basilius
refuseth
to
acknowledge
Lewis
Emperour
:
therefore
the
match
between
Constantine
his
son
and
Lewis
his
daughter
is
broken
off
.
Basilius
takes
Caesarea
in
Benevent
.
Lewis
warreth
against
the
Bohemians
,
who
are
forced
to
pay
Tribute
.
The
Emperour
dieth
at
Millan
;
and
Charls
the
Bald
crowned
at
Rome
.
2
years
after
,
Lewis
of
Germany
dieth
;
his
three
sons
divide
his
lands
.
The
Emperour
is
defeated
for
incroaching
on
them
:
he
makes
Boso
King
of
Arles
,
and
is
poysoned
by
a
Jew
.
Lewis
the
Stammerer
succeeds
18
months
;
he
dyeth
.
Caroloman
the
next
heir
resigns
(
being
paralitick
)
to
Charls
the
Grosse
8
years
,
so
the
Empire
is
translated
from
the
Western
French
to
the
Eastern
.
Edmunds-bury
in
England
built
to
the
memory
of
Edmund
the
Martyr
.
Peace
made
between
the
Danes
and
English.
Denewolf
of
a
Cow-heard
is
made
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
for
entertaining
King
Elfred
in
his
flight
from
the
Danes
:
the
Scots
beat
the
Danes
,
and
are
beaten
by
them
.
In
France
,
Caralomans
eyes
are
put
out
for
rebelling
:
a
great
Plague
of
Locusts
,
and
Dearth
ensueth
.
Peace
in
Spain
between
Alphonsus
and
the
Moores
.
Most
part
of
England
subdued
by
the
Danes
.
Canutus
their
king
is
baptized
in
England
:
the
Normans
defeated
in
Frisia
:
the
Saracens
are
beaten
by
the
Persians
;
they
force
the
Pope
to
pay
tribute
,
they
take
Syracusa
.
In
the
Church
,
Iohn
8.
sate
ten
years
;
he
payes
to
the
Saracens
25000
crowns
,
to
leave
his
territories
:
He
is
imprisoned
by
the
D.
of
Spoletum
,
whom
upon
his
escape
to
France
,
he
excommunicated
.
7
Councels
held
this
Decad.
Bels
first
used
in
the
Greek
Church
;
upon
the
sending
of
twelve
Bels
to
Basilius
the
Emperour
,
by
Urso
D.
of
Venice
.
Photius
the
Patriarch
is
restored
by
a
Synod
of
Constantinople
.
In
the
East
,
Basilius
imprisoneth
his
son
Leo
,
for
wearing
a
Dagger
;
but
is
freed
by
some
France
.
Lewis
robs
the
Church
of
Mentz
,
to
pay
the
Normans
,
who
had
invaded
his
Territories
;
upon
his
death
Charls
seiseth
on
his
lands
:
the
Normans
burn
Constance
and
Trevers
.
Guido
E.
of
Tuscany
aids
the
Saracens
against
the
Emperour
,
who
are
afterward
reconciled
.
Bavaria
and
Austria
spoiled
by
the
Sclavi
:
the
Emperour
is
deposed
for
giving
away
Normandy
,
and
being
unsit
for
government
.
Arnulph
succeeds
12
years
.
England
about
this
time
was
divided
into
Shires
,
Hundreds
and
Tythings
,
under
King
Elfred
.
The
Danes
are
forced
into
France
.
The
Scots
beat
the
Irish
,
and
take
Dublin
.
Boso
makes
himself
King
of
Burgundy
.
Paris
besieged
by
the
Normans
;
of
them
Caraloman
buyes
his
peace
,
after
he
had
taken
Vienna
:
they
waste
France
,
and
besiege
Paris
again
;
the
Emperour
to
quiet
them
gives
them
Neustria
,
now
called
Normandy
.
Odo
of
Saxony
,
of
whom
came
the
Capets
,
defeats
the
Normans
in
Flanders
.
Gallecia
in
Spain
is
made
a
kingdome
,
and
Ordogno
Alphonsus
second
son
King
thereof
.
Alphonsus
is
forced
by
his
son
Garzia
to
resigne
Leon
to
him
,
who
died
childelesse
:
so
Leon
falls
to
his
brother
Ordogno
,
who
beat
the
Moors
.
The
Hungarians
being
deluded
by
Leo
,
invade
the
Western
Empire
,
chiefly
France
,
to
be
eased
of
their
Tribute
laid
on
them
by
Charlemain
.
In
the
Church
,
to
Iohn
(
whose
brains
were
beaten
out
with
a
hammer
)
Martin
2.
succeeded
1
year
;
then
Adrian
3.
1
year
;
then
Steven
5.
6
years
.
3
Councels
were
held
in
this
Decad.
Godfrey
King
of
the
Normans
baptised
.
The
Monastery
of
Mount
Cassin
burnt
by
the
Saracens
.
Photius
the
Patriarch
deposed
.
In
the
East
,
Simeon
the
Bulgarian
,
upon
the
departure
of
the
Hungarians
,
vexed
Leo
again
;
who
to
quiet
them
,
restores
their
prisoners
.
The
Saracens
take
Lemnos
and
Tauromenium
Bohemia
.
Guido
is
crowned
Emperor
by
the
Pope
.
Arnulph
is
aided
by
the
Hungarians
against
Zuindebold
the
Moravian
,
whom
he
had
made
King
of
Bohemia
;
He
takes
divers
Towns
in
Italy
;
Rome
is
taken
by
means
of
a
Hare
:
his
wife
is
convicted
of
adultery
;
he
falls
into
a
Palsie
,
and
dieth
of
the
Lousie-disease
;
His
sonne
Lewis
4.
succeeds
12
years
.
The
Danes
do
much
hurt
in
England
;
the
Scots
help
the
English
against
them
.
The
Normans
are
beaten
in
Britany
.
Charles
the
Simple
of
France
and
Odo
have
great
wars
,
Ordogno
of
Spain
,
and
Garzias
King
of
Navar
,
are
defeated
by
the
Moors
.
Possessions
are
given
to
the
Hungarians
,
for
their
service
to
Arnulph
the
Emperor
.
In
the
Church
,
Formosus
is
Pope
4
years
:
He
is
opposed
by
Sergius
the
Antipope
,
which
made
the
15.
Schisme
.
Boniface
6.
succeeds
,
who
was
expelled
within
a
moneth
for
his
lewd
life
.
His
successor
was
Steven
6.
3
years
:
He
abused
and
mutilated
the
dead
body
of
Formosus
,
which
he
caused
to
be
digged
up
;
he
is
taken
by
Aldebert
Marquis
of
Tuscany
,
and
strangled
in
prison
.
Romanus
succeeded
3
moneths
.
5
Synods
held
within
this
Decad.
In
the
East
,
the
Saracens
invade
Greece
,
and
are
defeated
,
and
then
defeat
Himerius
the
Emperors
Generall
.
Constantine
son
to
Leo
is
crowned
Emperor
.
The
Saracens
defeat
the
Spain
,
Alphonso
defeats
the
Saracens
,
then
entred
a
Monastery
,
which
shortly
after
he
forsook
,
then
he
was
imprisoned
and
lost
his
eyes
.
Ramirus
of
Spain
invades
Toledo
,
takes
Madrid
,
and
defeats
the
Moors
.
Roan
in
France
with
other
places
taken
by
Rollo
D.
of
Normandy
,
who
besiege
Paris
and
beat
the
French.
In
the
Church
,
Theodorus
2.
sits
20
dayes
:
Iohn
9.
succeeded
4
years
:
He
confirmed
the
Acts
of
Formosus
,
which
caused
a
sedition
,
so
that
he
fled
from
Ravenna
.
Benet
4.
succeeded
2
years
.
The
16
Schism
,
in
which
Leo
5.
after
40
dayes
,
is
imprisoned
by
Christopher
,
aided
by
the
Marquis
of
Tuscany
,
and
after
7
moneths
,
is
sent
unto
a
Covent
by
Sergius
3.
Theodora
,
the
Marquises
Concubine
,
ruleth
in
Rome
,
Sergius
makes
her
daughter
Marosia
his
Concubine
,
of
whom
he
begot
Iohn
the
11
or
12.
This
Decad
produced
5
Councels
.
The
Bohemians
and
Normans
converted
to
the
Faith.
Leo
the
Emperour
takes
a
fourth
wife
,
against
the
Custome
of
the
Greek
Church
,
therefore
he
is
Excommunicated
by
the
Patriarh
of
Constantinople
,
whom
for
this
,
Leo
banished
.
In
the
East
,
to
Leo
succeedeth
his
son
Constantine
8.
50
years
,
who
ruled
with
his
mother
Zoe
.
Constantinople
besieged
by
Simeon
Prince
of
Bulgaria
,
who
is
hired
to
return
home
.
Germany
.
Conradus
Duke
of
Franconia
succeeds
7
years
.
Henricus
Auceps
aspires
.
The
Dukes
of
Suevia
disturb
the
peace
.
The
Emperor
is
beaten
by
the
Duke
of
Merspurg
.
Ratisbone
taken
from
the
Emperor
by
Arnulph
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
and
lost
again
.
Conradus
sickneth
,
and
commends
Henry
Duke
of
Saxony
to
the
Empire
:
This
Henry
reigned
17
years
;
He
was
sirnamed
the
Falconer
.
In
France
,
William
Earl
of
Aquitain
founded
the
Monastery
of
Clugny
.
Robert
Earl
of
Paris
rebels
against
the
King
for
his
insufficiencie
,
who
is
surprised
and
imprisoned
by
Robert
Earl
of
Vermendois
.
In
Spain
,
the
Moors
are
beaten
again
,
and
the
Rebels
suppressed
.
The
Navarrois
are
defeated
by
the
Castilians
.
The
Venetians
obtain
leave
of
the
Emperor
to
coyn
mony
.
The
Hungarians
invade
Italy
.
In
the
Church
,
Anastasius
sate
2
years
.
Iohn
10.
succeeded
16
years
:
He
falls
out
with
Albericus
Marquis
of
Tuscia
,
and
is
expelled
the
City
;
whereupon
he
calls
in
the
Hungarians
,
who
commit
many
outrages
.
Albericus
is
slain
by
his
people
.
One
Councel
was
held
this
Decad
at
Constans
,
inhibiting
marriage
in
the
7.
Degree
.
In
the
East
,
Romanus
crowns
his
wife
and
son
,
and
subscribes
before
the
Emperor
;
he
is
France
.
Arnulph
is
forced
to
obedience
.
The
Hungarians
being
defeated
by
the
Emperor
,
make
peace
for
nine
years
,
after
which
time
they
are
expelled
Germany
.
The
Vandals
subdued
,
and
Brandeburgh
taken
by
the
Emperor
;
multitudes
of
Vandals
killed
neer
the
Baltic
sea
.
In
France
,
Robert
Earl
of
Paris
is
chosen
King
,
whom
Charles
assisted
by
the
Normans
slew
:
then
Raoul
Duke
of
Burgundy
is
chosen
,
who
leagueth
with
the
Normans
.
Charles
is
released
,
and
again
imprisoned
,
then
dyeth
.
In
Spain
,
the
rebellions
of
Castile
,
Navar
and
Gallecia
are
suppressed
by
Ordonius
3.
who
dyeth
in
his
expedition
against
the
Moors
.
Elfred
,
an
English
Nobleman
,
who
had
conspired
to
put
out
King
Athelstans
eyes
,
abjured
himself
at
Rome
,
fell
down
and
dyed
3
days
after
.
Athelstan
overcomes
the
Welsh
,
and
beats
the
Scots
.
Venice
burnt
by
the
Hungarians
.
Siffrid
the
Dane
having
wasted
Flanders
,
and
ravished
the
Earls
daughter
,
hanged
himself
.
In
the
Church
Anastasius
sits
,
who
consecrated
a
Boy
of
5
years
old
Bishop
of
Rhemes
.
Raoul
King
of
Burgundy
is
made
King
of
Italy
,
to
cross
Berengarius
,
who
is
expelled
Italy
,
who
therefore
called
in
the
Hungarians
,
that
burn
Papia
.
The
Pope
makes
Hugh
,
Earl
of
Arles
,
King
against
Raoul
,
who
returned
to
France
.
Guy
,
this
Hugh's
brother
,
imprisoneth
,
and
strangleth
the
Pope
,
after
he
had
killed
his
brother
Peter
.
Leo
6.
succeeds
,
whom
Guy
after
7
moneths
imprisoned
;
he
dyed
,
and
Stephen
8.
succeeded
two
years
.
Marozia
the
strumpet
,
was
the
death
of
these
two
Popes
.
3
Councels
kept
this
Decad.
Raoul
King
of
Burgundy
,
bestows
on
the
Emperour
the
Spear
that
wounded
Christ
.
In
the
East
,
the
Russians
waste
the
country
about
Constantinople
:
divers
Greeks
gelded
by
the
Beneventines
.
In
the
West
,
the
Hungarians
being
denyed
their
tribute
of
the
Emperour
,
France
,
Constantine
the
Great
his
sword
,
in
the
hilt
of
which
was
one
of
the
nails
of
the
Cross.
In
France
,
Lewis
son
to
Charles
returns
out
of
England
,
and
reigneth
18
years
.
In
Spain
,
Sancho
King
of
Leon
recovers
his
Kingdom
,
to
whom
Ferdinand
of
Castile
selleth
a
horse
and
a
hawk
,
conditionally
to
double
the
payment
everyday
,
after
it
should
become
due
:
This
Ferdinand
is
taken
prisoner
by
the
Navarrois
,
and
released
;
so
was
the
King
of
Navar
taken
and
released
:
Ferdinand
escapes
out
of
prison
by
his
wises
means
,
who
exchanged
apparel
with
him
.
Sancho
makes
Castile
a
Kingdom
,
in
satisfaction
for
his
horse
and
hawke
.
About
this
time
some
Bishopricks
were
founded
in
Denmark
.
The
Istrians
by
surprising
some
Venetian
Virgins
,
as
they
presented
themselves
after
their
custome
,
in
our
Lady
Church
,
(
the
memorial
whereof
is
kept
at
Candlemasse
)
are
forced
to
pay
a
yearly
tribute
to
Venice
.
Comaculum
refusing
to
pay
,
is
taken
and
annexed
to
the
Venetian
Territories
.
The
Saracens
are
beaten
in
Castile
and
Germany
:
Genua
is
taken
by
them
,
and
cruelly
used
.
In
the
Church
,
Iohn
11.
sate
6
years
;
Marozia
delivers
Rome
to
Hugh
,
who
imprisoneth
the
Pope
;
whom
Albericus
freed
,
and
expelled
Hugh
with
Marozia
.
Leo
7.
succeeds
4
years
.
Two
Councels
held
this
Decad.
The
Audean
Hereticks
obtain
now
the
name
of
Anthropomorphites
.
Romanus
makes
his
son
at
16
years
,
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
to
whom
he
procures
a
Pall
from
the
Pope
.
In
the
East
,
Romanus
hires
the
Turks
to
leave
Thrace
:
he
is
sent
to
a
Covent
by
his
sonne
Steven
.
Romanus
having
lost
two
of
his
other
sons
,
dieth
.
Constantine
reigned
12
years
;
he
inviteth
Schollars
into
Greece
.
In
the
West
,
the
Emperour
and
French
King
are
reconciled
.
Henry
the
Emperours
Brother
obtains
pardon
for
his
Rebellion
.
Otho
being
wounded
in
hunting
,
makes
his
son
Ludolphus
his
Colleague
and
successor
,
but
afterward
changed
his
mind
:
He
makes
his
Brother
Henry
,
Duke
of
Bavaria
;
who
expelled
thence
the
Hungarians
.
Otho
defeates
the
Danes
.
In
Italy
,
Hugh
made
a
league
with
the
Saracens
:
his
people
upon
this
revolt
;
he
flies
into
France
,
and
becomes
a
Monk.
The
Saracens
beaten
out
of
Calabria
by
the
Greeks
.
Otho
invades
Flanders
,
and
is
opposed
by
the
Gauntois
.
Aquileia
taken
by
Henry
the
Emperours
Brother
.
St.
Wenceslaus
is
made
King
in
Bohemia
by
the
Emperour
;
he
refused
the
Title
,
not
the
Government
:
he
is
murthered
by
his
brother
in
the
Church
;
and
his
wicked
mother
the
cause
of
this
murther
,
was
swallowed
quick
in
the
Earth
.
Otho
beats
the
Danes
,
and
wastes
their
Country
.
In
Spain
,
Zancho
is
poysoned
with
an
Apple
by
Gonsalvus
the
Rebel
,
whom
he
had
pardoned
.
Ferdinand
loseth
many
places
in
Castile
to
the
Moores
,
and
dieth
for
grief
.
Ramire
defeats
the
Moors
in
Leon.
In
France
,
the
D.
of
Normandy
is
reconciled
to
the
King
,
who
takes
Rohan
,
and
makes
Robert
Earl
of
Paris
.
Hugh
Major
of
the
Palace
,
takes
the
King
in
England
.
Analph
of
Ireland
intrudes
into
Northumberland
,
who
is
banished
by
King
Edmund
,
and
Cumberland
bestowed
on
the
Scots
.
King
Edmund
is
slain
treacherously
at
a
feast
.
Analph
is
recalled
by
the
Northumbrians
,
and
made
King
there
.
In
the
Church
,
Steven
being
dead
of
a
wound
received
in
a
tumult
,
Martine
the
3.
sate
3
years
;
to
him
succeeded
Agapetus
the
2.
9
years
.
In
this
Decad
were
called
5
Councels
.
The
Russians
persecute
the
Christians
.
Otho
spreads
Christianity
in
Denmark
,
Swethland
and
other
northern
parts
.
In
the
East
,
the
Emperours
Fleet
is
defeated
by
the
Saracens
at
Candy
.
Bardus
the
Emperours
Spoletum
.
Piedro
of
Venice
is
banished
,
and
turns
Pyrat
against
the
Venetian
ships
,
the
report
of
which
killed
the
Duke
his
father
with
grief
:
he
is
notwithstanding
recalled
by
the
State.
The
Church
of
Grada
is
made
Metropolis
of
Venia
and
Istria
.
Harold
the
Dane
holdeth
of
the
Emperour
,
and
receiveth
the
Faith.
Five
of
the
Hungarian
Kings
hanged
in
Bavaria
.
In
Spain
,
Garzias
of
Castile
,
invad●…th
Leon
:
he
pursueth
his
wife
with
her
Adulterer
,
and
kils
them
both
in
bed
.
The
Moores
mean
while
invade
his
Territories
.
In
France
,
Lewis
is
killed
by
a
fall
from
his
horse
;
His
son
Lotharius
succeeds
32
years
:
Hugh
by
his
death
,
leaveth
his
Dutchy
of
Paris
to
Hugh
Capet
,
who
is
declared
Duke
of
France
and
Earl
of
Poitou
.
The
Northumbrians
and
Mercians
revolt
from
Edwy
king
of
England
,
for
his
evil
life
,
and
s●…tup
his
brother
Edgar
against
him
:
The
King
hereupon
dieth
for
grief
.
Edgar
reigned
56
years
;
He
rigs
out
a
great
Fleet
to
guard
the
Coasts
.
Malcolme
King
of
Scotland
is
murthered
in
Murrey
.
In
the
Church
,
Iohn
12.
sate
8
years
,
he
was
the
first
Pope
(
say
some
)
that
changed
his
name
from
Octavian
to
Iohn
.
3
Councels
held
this
Decad.
St.
Matthews
reliques
translated
from
Ethiopia
to
Sulernum
.
Helena
Queen
of
Russia
is
baptized
at
Constantinople
;
she
sends
to
Otho
for
Priests
to
convert
her
Subjects
.
In
the
East
,
Romanus
2.
reigned
3
years
;
he
beat
the
Saracens
in
Crete
,
by
Nicephorus
Phocas
;
he
was
forbidden
to
return
to
Constantinople
,
because
there
was
a
prophesie
,
that
the
Conquerour
of
Crete
should
be
Emperour
:
which
fell
out
true
;
for
he
succeeded
6
Iohn
Zimisces
,
and
his
own
Empresse
.
This
Iohn
succeeded
6
years
;
he
thrusts
the
Empresse
into
a
Monastery
,
and
sends
Theophania
to
Otho
:
In
the
We●…
,
Otho's
aide
is
intreated
by
the
Pope
against
Berengarius
,
whom
Otho
defeats
,
and
causeth
his
son
Otho
to
be
crowned
:
He
sends
the
wife
of
Berengarius
to
him
;
he
setleth
Lombardy
,
and
deposeth
the
Pope
for
adhering
to
his
enemy
:
He
banisheth
Bereus
with
his
wife
and
children
into
Bavaria
.
Adelbert
his
enemy
being
defeated
,
the
Pope
is
by
him
restored
:
then
to
revenge
the
death
of
his
Ambassadours
,
he
cut
off
the
Noses
of
divers
Calabrian
and
Apulian
Greeks
,
and
sends
them
to
Constantinople
.
The
Saracens
lose
Crete
,
Cyprus
,
with
100
Cities
,
Cilicia
,
Tripolis
in
Phenicia
,
Antioch
,
Calabria
,
and
Apulia
,
all
this
within
this
Decad.
Harold
of
Norway
,
by
sacrificing
his
two
sons
,
obtained
a
Tempest
which
dispersed
the
Danish
Fleet
,
that
came
to
demand
tribute
.
Mecislaus
King
of
Poland
is
Baptized
;
he
builds
many
Churches
,
and
erects
two
Archbishopricks
.
Edgar
King
of
England
,
imposeth
a
yearly
tribute
of
300
Wolves
upon
the
Welch
:
He
is
cheated
of
his
wife
by
his
favourite
Ethelwolde
,
whom
he
slew
,
and
then
married
her
.
The
Danes
land
in
Scotland
,
and
are
forced
to
flie
to
their
ships
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Iohn
is
deposed
for
divers
crimes
.
Leo
the
8.
is
chosen
,
but
upon
the
Emperours
departure
Iohn
is
restored
again
;
Leo
flieth
to
Otho
;
he
is
slain
in
the
act
of
Adultery
by
the
womans
husband
.
Bennet
the
5.
is
chosen
.
Otho
returneth
and
setles
Leo
;
so
Bennet
is
banished
to
Hamburg
.
This
makes
the
17
Schisme
.
Iohn
13
succeeds
6
years
;
he
is
imprisoned
11
moneths
,
and
restored
by
the
Emperour
;
he
was
the
first
that
consecrated
Bels
,
and
gave
them
names
.
6
Councels
held
this
Decad.
Miesco
King
of
Poland
ordereth
,
that
every
Knight
at
the
reading
of
the
Gospel
should
draw
his
sword
in
defence
thereof
,
and
at
the
naming
of
it
,
to
say
,
[
Glory
be
to
thee
,
O
Lord.
]
Hungary
is
converted
.
In
the
East
,
Bardas
overcomes
the
Rebels
in
Asia
:
the
Rossi
expelled
out
of
Bulgaria
.
Zimisces
Theophania
:
Otho
the
father
dieth
,
and
Otho
the
son
succeeds
10
years
.
Henry
Duke
of
Bavaria
opposeth
him
a
while
,
then
desisteth
;
Henry
afterward
rebelleth
,
and
flieth
into
Bohemia
,
which
is
wasted
by
the
Emperour
,
and
Henry
with
his
son
banished
:
Otho
makes
peace
with
Lotharius
.
Elcain
the
Saracen
Prince
makes
Alcair
in
Aegypt
his
Seat
:
they
lose
Fraxinetum
,
and
recover
Consentia
.
The
Venetians
drive
them
from
Capua
.
Piedro
Duke
of
Venice
,
for
his
tyrannies
is
killed
with
his
son
:
he
set
his
Palace
,
S.
Marks
Church
,
and
300
houses
on
fire
:
His
successor
Pietro
Ursulo
repaired
all
again
,
and
bestowed
a
Table
of
Gold
on
the
High-Altar
.
The
Isle
of
Sembia
in
Russia
is
subdued
by
Aquinus
the
King
of
Denmarks
eldest
son
:
his
youngest
son
Sueno
rebelleth
against
him
;
at
last
,
this
Harold
the
father
is
slain
,
and
Sueno
succeeds
.
A
part
of
Lorrain
is
given
by
Otho
to
the
Bishops
of
Liege
,
Trevers
,
and
Colen
.
S.
Iames
of
Compostella
overthrown
by
the
Moors
;
they
are
defeated
by
king
Pharemund
.
In
England
,
king
Edgar
built
47
Monasteries
,
besides
Rumsey-Abby
for
Nuns
;
he
is
murthered
by
his
mother
in
law
:
she
in
pennance
built
the
Monastery
of
Malmesbury
and
Wharwell
.
Duffus
the
Scots
king
is
bewitched
and
murthered
:
Culenus
his
successor
,
for
his
wicked
life
,
is
also
slain
by
a
Thane
whose
daughter
he
had
ravish'd
.
In
the
Church
,
Domnus
2.
sate
3
moneths
;
Bennet
6.
succceded
:
he
is
strangled
in
the
Castle
of
St.
Angelo
,
by
means
of
Boniface
7.
which
makes
the
18
Schisme
:
he
seeing
the
City
bent
against
him
,
flieth
to
Constantinople
with
all
the
Jewels
of
the
Vatican
.
To
him
succeeds
Bennet
the
7.
9
years
.
This
Decad
produced
5
Councels
.
The
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
prohibits
Zimisces
to
enter
the
Church
,
for
murthering
Nicephorus
;
he
layeth
the
fault
on
the
Empresse
,
who
is
made
a
Nun
,
and
he
an
Emperour
.
A
Wheele-wrights
son
is
made
Archbishop
of
Mentz
:
hence
a
Cart-wheel
was
added
to
the
Arms
of
that
See.
In
the
East
,
Basilius
by
the
Saracens
help
recovereth
Calabria
and
Apulia
from
Otho
,
whom
they
put
to
flight
,
and
took
him
in
Merchants
Cloths
,
but
he
redeemed
himself
,
and
s●…seth
Benevent
.
Larissa
is
taken
from
the
Greeks
by
Samuel
King
of
Bulgaria
.
The
Army
proclaims
Barias
Phocas
Emperour
,
who
laid
siege
to
Constantinople
;
but
he
died
suddenly
:
Upon
this
,
the
Greeks
submit
to
the
Emperour
.
In
the
West
,
the
Greeks
are
expelled
out
of
Illyricum
and
Dalmatia
by
Otho
:
in
his
abscence
,
Germany
is
wasted
by
the
Selavi
,
and
Brandenburg
taken
.
Otho
having
defeated
the
Saracens
of
Italy
,
is
wounded
by
a
poysonable
arrow
,
and
dieth
:
he
is
interred
at
Rome
.
His
son
Otho
3.
succeeds
17
years
.
Henry
of
Bavaria
proclaims
himself
Emperour
,
seiseth
on
Otho
,
but
is
forced
to
restore
him
to
the
Bishoprick
of
Mentz
:
Otho
subjugates
Bohemia
,
and
institutes
the
Palatinat
of
the
Rhene
.
In
France
,
Lotharius
invadeth
Lorraine
,
takes
Verdun
with
the
Earl
,
and
then
restores
them
:
to
him
succeeded
his
son
Lewis
5.
who
is
poisoned
by
his
wife
.
Hugh
Capel
is
chosen
,
and
Charls
of
Lorrain
the
heir
rejected
;
he
taketh
Leon
and
driveth
Hugh
from
it
.
In
England
,
the
Danes
doe
much
mischief
,
but
are
beaten
in
the
West
.
Richard
Earl
of
Normandy
having
invaded
England
,
is
perswad●…d
by
the
Pope
to
return
.
Hay
a
plough-man
in
Scotland
,
put
the
Danes
to
flight
,
after
they
had
defeated
the
Kings
forces
.
Great
troubles
between
the
Countries
of
Anguse
and
Mernes
.
In
Spain
,
to
Pharemund
succeedeth
Alphonsus
5.
King
of
Leon
28
years
.
In
Denmark
King
Sueno
Apostatiseth
;
he
is
taken
three
times
by
the
Iutians
,
and
redeems
himself
,
1
for
his
weight
in
Gold
,
2.
and
twice
his
weight
in
Silver
:
the
last
time
he
is
redeemed
by
the
Danish
Ladies
,
who
sold
their
Jewels
to
free
him
;
therefore
he
made
women
capable
to
inherit
:
He
is
at
last
expelled
his
kingdome
by
Ericus
King
of
Swedland
.
Otho
prohibiteth
all
Italy
from
commercing
with
Venice
:
wherefore
the
houses
of
the
Caloprini
are
rased
,
their
wives
and
children
imprisoned
,
for
incensing
Otho
against
Venice
:
the
Duke
becomes
a
Monk.
In
the
Church
,
Iohn
the
13
sate
8
moneths
;
and
is
starved
by
Boniface
the
7.
who
after
9
years
returneth
to
Constantinople
,
and
after
4
moneths
died
suddenly
:
his
body
was
dragged
through
the
streets
:
succeeded
Iohn
14.
11
years
;
he
was
expelled
by
Crescentius
the
Consul
,
and
is
by
him
again
recalled
.
Two
Synods
held
this
Decad.
Adelbert
B.
of
Prague
,
preacheth
to
the
Hungarians
,
and
leaves
Bohemia
.
In
the
East
,
Samuel
Prince
of
Bulgaria
takes
many
Greek
Commanders
prisoners
,
whom
the
Emperours
army
redeemeth
by
seising
on
his
Tents
.
In
the
West
,
Otho
is
crowned
France
,
Charls
taketh
Rhemes
:
he
is
betrayed
and
dieth
in
prison
.
Hugh
dischargeth
the
office
of
Major
of
the
Palace
,
and
erecteth
a
Constableship
:
he
excluded
Bastards
from
inheriting
the
Crown
.
To
him
succeeds
Robert
his
son
.
In
Spain
,
Sancho
poysoned
his
mother
with
that
poyson
she
had
provided
for
him
:
Hence
the
custome
of
Spain
is
for
the
women
to
drink
first
.
Barcelona
spoiled
by
the
Moores
,
and
the
Earl
killed
;
70000
Moores
are
slain
,
and
all
recovered
from
them
.
In
England
the
Danes
are
hired
by
Etheldred
to
depart
;
they
enter
the
land
again
with
divers
fleets
,
and
waste
many
parts
of
the
kingdome
.
Kenneth
in
Scotland
poysoned
the
Prince
of
Cumberland
,
that
his
own
son
might
succeed
;
whom
he
declareth
heir
:
he
is
affrighted
in
a
Vision
for
this
murther
;
visits
the
Shrine
of
Palladius
,
and
is
murthered
by
a
woman
.
Constantine
the
Bald
,
assumeth
the
crown
:
Malcolme
,
Kenneth's
son
opposeth
him
in
vain
:
Kenneth
,
Malcolme's
base
brother
,
and
Constantine
are
slain
in
a
battel
.
Grime
,
Nephew
to
Duffus
makes
himself
King.
Adelbert
B.
of
Prague
labouring
to
convert
Borussia
,
is
slain
there
.
In
Hungary
King
Stephen
establisheth
Christianity
.
In
Denmark
,
Sueno
by
the
Scots
help
,
recovereth
his
kingdom
.
Olaus
king
of
Norway
is
defeated
at
Sea
,
and
drowned
by
Sueno
,
who
thereupon
possessed
that
kingdome
.
The
Venetians
take
Corcyra
,
and
destroy
Pharos
:
they
obtain
of
Otho
,
jurisdiction
over
their
own
Churches
:
It
is
ordered
that
the
Duke
of
Venice
should
be
also
stiled
Duke
of
Dalmatia
;
they
take
40
Pyrat
ships
.
In
the
Church
,
Iohn
15
sate
4
moneths
;
Gregory
5.
3
years
;
the
19
schisme
follows
:
for
Crescentius
expelleth
him
,
and
sets
up
Iohn
Bishop
of
Placentia
;
but
Gregory
is
restored
,
Iohn
whipped
,
exoculated
and
slain
;
and
Crescentius
after
the
losse
of
his
members
hanged
.
Silvester
2.
succeeded
4
years
;
this
Decad
produced
7
Synods
.
In
the
East
,
the
Bulgarians
are
beaten
by
the
Emperour
,
who
recovers
most
of
his
Cities
:
he
sends
forces
against
the
Saracens
,
now
before
Capua
.
In
the
West
,
Otho
visits
the
body
Bavaria
.
Robert
the
French
King
makes
his
son
Robert
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
being
escheated
to
the
Crown
.
Alphonso
of
Spain
correcteth
the
Gothic
Laws
.
Sancho
King
of
Navar
stiles
himself
King
of
Spain
:
His
son
Garzia
is
dis-inherited
for
accusing
his
mother
of
Adultery
,
and
Ramire
made
King
of
Arragon
.
Alphonso
besieging
Viscum
in
Portugal
is
shot
dead
with
an
arrow
.
The
Danes
are
burnt
in
a
Church
at
Oxford
:
they
rase
Excester
,
spoil
Norwich
,
take
the
Isle
of
Wight
;
the
Canterburians
redeem
their
peace
with
money
.
In
Scotland
it
is
agreed
that
Grime
should
remain
King
,
and
Malcolm
with
his
heirs
should
succeed
.
Grime
tyrannizeth
,
he
is
taken
by
Malcolm
in
Atholl
,
and
his
eyes
put
out
:
To
him
succeeds
Malcolm
2.
13
years
.
Boleslaus
is
made
King
of
Poland
by
the
Emperour
,
who
giveth
the
spear
of
St.
Maurice
,
and
a
nail
of
the
Cross
for
the
Armes
of
that
Kingdom
.
Cracovia
is
taken
by
the
Bohemians
,
and
Prague
by
the
Polanders
,
with
the
Vice-grave
and
King
,
whose
eyes
are
put
out
.
Boleslaus
subdueth
Moravia
.
Giula
Governour
of
Transilvania
invades
Hungary
.
King
Stephen
takes
Giulas
wife
and
children
,
and
treasure
enough
to
build
a
Church
in
Alba.
Giula
is
baptized
with
his
Family
,
and
dismissed
.
The
Earl
of
Flanders
,
and
the
Emperour
differ
abou●…
Lorrain
:
the
EarI
takes
Valenciens
,
and
restores
it
to
the
Emperour
,
who
bestows
it
upon
the
Earl
,
with
the
Isles
in
Zealand
,
which
occasioned
a
long
War
between
the
Flemmins
and
Hollanders
.
Ierusalem
taken
by
the
Saracens
.
In
the
Church
,
Iohn
the
16.
sate
5
moneths
:
Iohn
the
7.
succeeded
6
years
,
then
Sergius
4.
3
years
.
In
this
Decad
were
held
3
Councels
.
The
Greek
Church
is
united
to
the
Latine
.
The
feast
of
Mary's
Nativity
observed
by
Fulbert
B.
of
Charters
.
The
Temple
of
the
Sepulchre
overthrown
by
the
Prince
of
Babylon
,
upon
the
Jews
importunity
;
but
they
are
banished
,
and
the
Temple
rebuilt
by
Mary
the
Princes
mother
.
In
the
East
,
the
Bulgarians
are
defeated
,
and
there
eyes
put
out
,
except
their
Commanders
,
Spain
,
Pharemund
the
3.
King
of
Leon
repaireth
the
Churches
ruined
by
the
Saracens
.
The
Earldom
of
Castile
falls
to
the
King
of
Navar.
Mahumet
is
the
last
King
of
the
Moors
in
Corduba
:
Pharemund
is
slain
in
battell
by
Ferdinand
of
Castile
,
the
first
of
that
name
,
King
of
Castile
and
Leon
37
years
.
The
Danes
invade
Canterbury
again
,
kill
the
Archbishop
,
Monks
and
multitudes
of
People
:
Sueno
kills
the
Bishop
of
London
,
takes
it
,
and
expels
Ethelred
.
His
son
Canutus
is
expelled
,
and
returns
;
and
Ethelred
being
dead
,
the
Kingdom
is
divided
between
Edmund
Ironside
and
Canutus
:
Edmund
is
slain
,
and
Canutus
Crowned
.
The
Danes
in
Scotland
are
overthrown
at
Aberden
,
in
memory
thereof
a
Bishoprick
is
erected
there
by
Malcolme
.
The
Polanders
invade
Pomerania
and
are
defeated
by
the
Emperour
:
The
Normans
waste
Frisia
,
and
burn
Utricht
.
The
Saracens
take
Sardinia
from
the
Pisans
,
and
lose
it
again
:
they
are
expelled
Italy
by
the
Popes
Army
.
In
the
Church
,
Benet
the
8.
sate
12
years
.
Gregory
is
set
up
by
another
faction
,
and
Bennet
expelled
,
which
makes
the
20.
Schism
.
Benet
is
restored
by
the
Emperour
.
5
Councels
assembled
this
Decad.
Iews
executed
at
Rome
for
whipping
Christs
Picture
.
13
Manichees
burnt
at
Orleance
.
It
was
decreed
in
the
Councel
of
Nimigen
,
that
the
Bread
should
stand
on
the
right
side
of
the
Altar
,
and
the
Chalice
on
the
left
.
In
the
East
,
Bas●…lius
being
dead
,
his
brother
Constantine
reigned
alone
3
years
,
he
takes
12
Romanus
Argyrus
5
years
,
whose
eyes
were
preserved
by
his
wifes
entring
into
a
Monastery
.
In
the
West
,
the
plague
rageth
through
Germany
,
and
out
of
the
dead
bodies
grew
Serpents
.
The
Emperour
recovers
Capua
,
Apulia
and
Calabria
from
the
Greeks
.
The
Marquis
beat
out
of
Brandeburg
by
the
Vandals
,
and
he
forced
to
live
upon
a
Canons
place
in
Magdeburg
.
To
Henry
succeeds
Conrade
15
years
▪
he
Crowns
his
son
King
of
the
Romans
,
and
goeth
into
Italy
:
he
is
crowned
at
Rome
,
and
ordereth
that
the
Emperours
should
be
crowned
Kings
of
Italy
by
the
Bishops
of
Milan
,
and
to
wait
on
them
at
their
Imperiall
Coronation
.
He
hath
Wars
with
Sieven
King
of
Bavaria
.
Rudolph
King
of
Burgundy
revoketh
the
Act
which
he
made
to
the
Emperour
.
Boleslaus
of
Poland
forceth
his
Gentry
to
pay
Tithes
,
he
maketh
Russia
pay
Tribute
.
Olaus
of
Norway
is
slain
by
Canutus
his
faction
,
and
Canonized
:
Sueno
Canutus's
son
is
beaten
in
Scotland
.
Boleslaus
of
Bohemia
built
20
Churches
:
His
successor
Boleslaus
2.
lost
Cracovia
,
he
lost
his
eyes
,
and
resigneth
to
Iaromire
,
whose
eyes
were
also
put
out
by
Udalric
.
Otho
Duke
of
Venice
is
shaved
and
banished
by
Flabenico
.
Otho's
brother
Urso
Bishop
of
Grada
procures
Flabenico
to
be
banished
.
The
Bishop
governeth
the
State
till
his
brother
Otho's
return
,
who
died
before
the
message
came
.
The
Earl
of
Holland
hath
War
with
Frisia
.
Edward
and
Edmund
,
the
sons
of
Ironside
,
are
sent
to
Sweden
to
be
murthered
;
but
Olaus
King
of
Sweden
pitied
them
,
and
sent
them
to
Steven
King
of
Hungary
,
who
used
them
kindly
.
In
the
Church
,
Iohn
the
19.
sate
9.
years
:
A
Saracen
King
is
baptized
at
Rome
.
3
Councels
held
this
Decad.
The
Polonians
will
rather
serve
the
Devil
,
then
be
Christians
and
pay
Tithes
,
therefore
they
rebell
,
but
are
suppressed
:
The
Greek
Church
falls
off
again
from
the
Latine
,
because
the
Pope
would
not
give
way
that
the
Patriarch
o●…
Constantnople
should
be
stiled
General
Patriarch
.
The
Gospel
preachin
Norway
by
the
English.
In
the
East
,
Argirus
is
beaten
in
Syria
:
He
taketh
Tribute
of
the
Saracens
.
Mysia
and
Illyria
wasted
by
the
Pazinaz●…
.
The
Saracen
Fleet
beaten
by
Nicephorus
.
Zoe
the
wife
of
Thrace
.
Michael
slighteth
the
Empress
:
The
Greeks
are
called
into
Sicily
,
where
the
Emperour
recovers
13
Cities
.
Maniaces
the
Sicilian
Governour
called
home
,
and
one
sent
thither
who
loseth
all
.
In
the
West
,
Rudolph
King
of
Burgundy
sends
his
Crown
to
Conrade
,
who
expels
Odo
Prince
of
Champaign
,
out
of
Burgundy
.
Conrade
taketh
Milan
,
and
banisheth
the
seditious
Bishops
:
He
takes
Capua
from
Pandulphus
.
He
giveth
Burgundy
and
Suevia
to
his
son
Henry
,
who
succeeded
17
years
.
Hardi-Canute
King
of
England
and
Denmark
:
In
his
absence
Harold
Harefoot
,
base
son
to
Canutus
,
invades
the
Kingdom
:
He
banisheth
Emme
his
mother
in
law
.
Her
son
Elfred
is
betrayed
in
England
,
and
his
eyes
put
out
in
Scotland
.
King
Malcolme
is
murthered
.
Civil
Wars
in
France
between
the
Kings
children
.
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
dieth
at
Nice
in
Bithynia
;
William
his
bastard
son
succeeded
.
In
Spain
,
Ferdinand
takes
divers
places
from
the
Moors
,
and
expels
them
.
The
Queen
of
Poland
flyeth
with
her
young
son
,
the
treasure
,
and
two
Crowns
of
the
Kingdom
,
to
the
Emperour
▪
who
sends
the
young
King
Casimire
to
Paris
,
who
enters
the
Monastery
of
Clugney
.
Poland
being
full
of
troubles
sends
to
Casimire
,
who
being
a
Deacon
was
unwilling
to
return
,
till
he
was
absolved
by
the
Pope
,
upon
the
Polanders
promise
to
pay
yearly
,
by
the
Pole
,
a
half-penny
to
St.
Peter
,
and
to
cut
round
the
hairs
of
their
head
;
the
Nobles
and
Clergy
were
exempted
from
the
pay
:
so
he
returns
,
and
the
Emperour
restores
him
his
two
Crowns
,
and
aides
him
against
the
Bohemians
in
Hungary
.
King
Stephen
and
Conrade
make
peace
,
upon
a
Divine
warning
to
Conrades
souldiers
to
return
home
.
Stephen
nameth
Vasul
for
his
successor
,
but
the
Queen
puts
out
his
eyes
,
and
makes
Peter
King
,
who
reigned
3
years
,
and
commits
all
places
of
trust
to
the
Germans
.
Canutus
of
Denmark
,
makes
war
against
the
Duke
of
Normandy
for
repudiating
his
sister
.
An
Agreement
is
made
between
Hardi-Canute
of
Denmark
,
and
Magnus
of
Norway
,
that
the
survivour
should
enjoy
both
Kingdoms
.
Bretislaus
of
Bohemia
,
takes
Cracovia
and
other
places
,
with
a
Crucifix
of
300.
l.
Flabenico
is
called
home
to
Venice
and
made
Duke
;
he
banisheth
the
family
of
the
Urseoli
.
In
the
Church
,
sate
Benet
the
9.
12
years
;
he
was
but
12
years
old
.
This
Decad
afforded
3
Councels
.
The
Saracen
King
of
Carthage
is
baptized
at
Rome
.
Berengarius
Arch-deacon
of
Aniou
condemned
for
affirming
that
Christs
body
was
not
in
the
Eucharist
.
In
the
East
,
the
Emperours
forces
revolt
to
the
Bulgarians
.
The
Emperour
repenting
the
murther
of
Romanus
,
enters
into
a
Monastery
and
dieth
.
The
Normans
drive
the
Greeks
out
of
Apulia
.
Michael
Calaphates
is
forced
to
revoke
Zoe
whom
he
had
Constantine
Monumachus
succeeds
12
years
:
he
marrieth
Zoe
:
Maniaces
rebelleth
,
and
is
slain
.
The
Emperour
like
to
be
stoned
for
keeping
a
Concubine
,
but
Zoe
pacified
them
,
being
she
consented
to
the
keeping
of
a
Concubine
.
Caicius
in
Iberia
rebelleth
,
and
submitteth
.
One
Leo
is
saluted
Emperour
,
but
his
eyes
are
put
out
.
The
Pacinazae
return
to
Muscovia
.
In
the
West
,
great
differences
between
the
Emperour
and
Bretslaus
the
Polander
:
The
Empress
purgeth
her self
of
Adultery
by
fire
,
and
then
enters
a
Monastery
.
The
Emperour
bestows
a
part
of
Hungaria
on
Albert
of
Bavaria
,
and
calls
it
Austria
;
he
deserts
the
Russians
,
imprisoneth
the
Duke
of
Lorain
for
rebelling
,
and
then
releaseth
him
,
he
setles
also
Peter
in
Hungaria
:
He
is
crowned
with
his
Empress
at
Rome
.
His
Palace
at
Nimigen
is
burnt
by
the
Duke
of
Lorain
and
Earl
of
Flanders
,
but
they
submit
and
are
reconciled
to
him
.
William
Duke
of
Normandy
expelled
by
his
Subjects
,
and
restored
by
the
Emperour
,
Ferdinand
in
Spain
,
makes
the
Moors
his
Tributaries
,
he
recovers
from
them
the
body
of
Isidore
.
Casimire
in
Poland
subdueth
the
rebels
and
Russians
;
the
Arch-rebel
Mislaus
is
by
the
Prussians
flei'd
and
hanged
;
and
so
they
make
their
peace
with
Poland
,
on
promise
of
tribute
.
In
Hungary
,
Peter
for
tyrannizing
is
deposed
;
he
flyeth
to
the
Emperour
.
The
Hungarians
waste
Germany
.
Peter
●…s
restored
,
and
tyrannizeth
again
.
Andrew
and
Bela
,
sons
of
Ladislaus
the
B●…ld
,
are
invited
by
the
Nobles
,
they
restore
Paganisme
:
Peter
flyeth
,
and
is
restored
again
by
the
Emperour
;
at
last
his
eyes
are
put
out
,
and
he
dyeth
.
Andrew
succeedeth
,
who
restoreth
Christianity
:
He
gives
the
3.
part
of
Hungaria
to
his
brother
Bela.
Sueno
the
Dane
is
overcome
twice
by
Magnus
King
of
Norway
,
who
was
killed
with
a
fall
from
his
horse
.
A
great
inundation
in
Flanders
.
Baldwyn
the
Gentle
,
Earl
of
Holland
,
hath
great
troubles
with
the
Germans
.
The
Turks
are
defeated
by
the
Greeks
.
In
England
,
Harolds
body
is
by
Hardi-Canute
cast
into
the
Thames
;
he
died
of
an
Apoplexie
,
and
in
him
ended
the
Danes
reigne
.
St.
Edward
,
son
to
Ethelred
,
succeeded
20
years
:
he
remits
the
Dane-gilt
.
Severn
infested
by
the
Irish
and
Welsh
,
and
Kent
by
the
Danes
.
Emme
,
the
Kings
mother
,
clears
her self
of
Adultery
,
by
passing
bare-foot
and
blindfold
between
9
Plow-shares
red
hot
:
the
Lord
Coventry's
Lady
rideth
naked
,
to
free
the
City
of
their
Tax
.
King
Duncan
of
Scotland
much
molested
by
the
Island-rebels
.
Sueno
the
Dane
defeated
by
Macbeth
.
Witches
foretell
Macbeth's
reigne
,
who
thereupon
kills
the
King
,
and
usurpeth
17
years
:
He
tyrannizeth
over
the
Thanes
.
In
the
Church
is
the
21.
Schism
.
Benet
is
deposed
,
and
Sylvester
3.
comes
in
by
Symonie
,
and
is
expelled
by
Benet
,
and
he
by
the
People
.
He
resigneth
to
Gregory
the
6
▪
so
now
3
Popes
live
in
Rome
;
they
are
all
deposed
at
Sutrium
,
and
Clement
2.
chosen
,
who
flyeth
into
Germany
,
and
is
poysoned
.
Benet
9.
again
8
moneths
:
then
Leo
9.
succeeds
5
years
.
This
Decad
had
8
Councels
.
In
the
East
,
the
troublesom
Pacinazae
have
peace
granted
them
for
30
years
:
The
frontier
Michael
Stranoticus
her
successor
.
He
is
thrust
into
a
Covent
by
Isaacius
Comnenus
,
who
after
4
years
,
being
affrighted
with
lightning
,
became
a
Monk.
In
the
West
,
the
Pope
makes
peace
between
Germany
and
Hungary
.
The
Duke
of
Bavaria
is
expelled
and
flyeth
to
Hungary
.
Tourne
and
Seven
taken
from
the
Earl
of
Flanders
by
the
Emperour
.
Henry
4.
succeeds
50
years
;
his
reign
was
full
of
troubles
by
the
Saxons
rebellions
,
and
Pope
Hildebrand's
fury
against
him
.
In
England
,
Goodwyn
is
choaked
with
a
piece
of
bread
,
for
so
he
wished
if
he
knew
of
Elfred's
death
.
William
the
Norman
comes
into
England
,
and
is
promised
to
succeed
,
if
the
King
die
issueless
.
King
Edward
was
the
first
King
that
healed
the
Kings-Evil
.
Macbeth
in
Scotland
tyrannizeth
over
the
Lords
.
In
France
,
Henry
crownes
his
son
Philip
at
7
years
of
age
.
Wars
between
Navar
and
Arragon
.
Ferdinand
of
Spain
assumes
the
title
of
Emperour
,
which
angred
the
German
Emperour
:
He
kils
Garzia
of
Navar.
Sanctius
,
son
to
Ferdinand
of
Castile
,
invadeth
Leon
,
and
forceth
Alphonsus
to
flie
to
the
Moors
of
Toledo
,
where
he
was
well
used
.
Andrew
of
Hungary
killed
by
Bela
,
who
obtains
the
crown
4
years
;
he
maintaineth
Christianity
.
In
Poland
,
Boleslaus
the
Bald
was
King
,
who
reigned
24
years
.
Spitigenius
King
of
Bohemia
expels
all
the
Germans
.
Uratislaus
succeeded
36
years
;
he
invaded
Polonia
.
The
Earl
of
Flanders
,
Baldwyn
,
recovers
the
Islands
of
Zeland
from
the
Hollanders
;
he
is
reconciled
to
the
Emperour
.
The
Earl
of
Holland
at
Dort
,
in
Pit-falls
,
drowned
the
forces
of
the
Bishop
of
Colen
and
Leige
,
kills
the
Bishop
of
Leige
,
and
takes
many
prisoners
.
The
Persian-Turks
invade
Media
,
Syria
,
and
take
Ierusalem
.
In
the
Church
,
Leo
9.
sits
,
he
imprisoneth
Richard
the
Norman
.
Victor
the
2.
succeeded
3
years
:
Steven
9.
succeeds
7
moneths
.
The
22
Schism
,
by
choosing
Cassin
brother
to
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
and
Nicholas
2.
who
sate
3
years
;
he
gives
Sicily
,
Apulia
and
Calabria
to
the
Normans
,
conditionally
that
they
should
hold
them
of
the
Church
,
and
pay
tribute
yearly
for
them
.
This
Decad
produced
13
Councels
.
The
Patriarch
of
Grada
is
translated
to
Venice
.
At
Mentz
,
the
Pope
and
Bishop
quarrel
about
a
Deacon
that
read
the
Gospel
.
The
Whippers
about
this
time
,
delighted
so
much
in
whipping-chear
,
that
in
one
Covent
3000.
brooms
were
worn
in
this
exercise
.
The
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
is
banished
,
for
assuming
power
to
throne
and
un-throne
Emperours
.
Berengarius
acknowledgeth
Christs
Body
in
the
Eucharist
,
but
denyeth
his
passing
through
the
doors
shut
.
In
the
East
,
Constantinus
Ducas
reigns
7
years
:
in
his
time
St.
Sophia's
Temple
was
overthrown
Michael
Ducas
with
his
mother
succeeds
7
moneths
.
Romanus
Diogenes
aspireth
,
is
condemned
,
then
married
to
Eudocia
the
Empress
,
and
so
becomes
Emperor
3
years
;
he
slighteth
his
wife
,
and
beats
the
Turks
in
the
West
:
Richard
the
Norman
strives
to
be
Emperor
.
The
Emperor
is
hindred
by
the
Pope
from
repudiating
his
wise
.
The
Earl
of
Flanders
is
made
Regent
to
King
Philip
1.
of
France
;
he
subdueth
the
Rebels
of
Gascoin
.
Garzias
of
Gallecia
,
imprisoned
by
Sanctius
of
Castile
:
Sanctius
is
slain
at
the
siege
of
Zamora
.
His
brother
Alphonsus
reigns
43
years
.
Garzias
King
of
Navar
succeedeth
in
Arragon
.
Boleslaus
of
Poland
subdueth
the
Russians
in
Hungary
,
Bela
is
killed
by
the
fall
of
some
Hourses
;
Salomon
the
son
of
Andrew
succeeds
12
years
:
Bela's
sons
flie
into
Polonia
;
but
these
are
reconciled
:
St.
Peters
Church
in
which
Salomon
was
crowned
,
was
burnt
the
next
night
.
Edward
of
England
,
enlargeth
and
enricheth
Westminster
Church
.
To
Edward
succeeded
Harold
son
of
Godwyn
9
moneths
,
&
is
slain
by
William
of
Normandy
,
who
reigned
20
years
.
Kent
keeps
its
priviledges
.
Edgar
flyeth
into
Scotland
;
he
should
have
been
heir
.
Coverfeu
is
instituted
.
William
is
much
opposed
by
Edgar
and
the
Scots
,
who
waste
all
,
and
burn
York
.
In
Scotland
,
Thanes
are
altered
to
Earls
and
Barons
:
Macduff
is
made
Earl
of
Fife
,
who
is
honoured
with
divers
priviledges
:
Malcolm
son
to
Duncan
reigns
36
years
;
he
is
opposed
by
Macbeth's
son
.
Dunbar
for
his
service
is
made
Earl
of
March.
In
Holland
,
the
Earl
is
killed
by
the
Earl
of
Guyck
,
and
his
forces
defeated
.
In
the
Church
is
the
23
Schism
,
between
Pope
Alexander
2.
chosen
by
the
Cardinals
,
and
Honorius
2.
by
the
Emperour
;
he
is
forced
from
Rome
,
he
holds
Leonina
and
the
Lateran
2
years
:
He
opposeth
Richard
the
Norman
,
in
his
claim
to
the
Empire
.
This
Decad
yeelds
11
Councels
.
The
Christians
at
Ierusalem
suffered
by
the
Caliph
to
inhabit
a
fourth
part
of
the
City
,
and
to
have
a
Patriarch
.
The
Christians
persecuted
by
the
Sclavi
,
who
killed
their
Prince
.
The
Bishop
of
Bamberg
with
others
make
an
expedition
into
Palestina
:
The
Patriarch
absolves
Eudocia
from
her
oath
of
not
marrying
.
The
Virgins
Feast
of
Conception
,
instituted
in
England
.
In
the
East
,
Manuel
Comnenus
is
taken
by
the
Turks
,
and
the
Empress
put
into
a
Covent
.
Romanus
Michael
Ducas
reigns
6
years
;
he
is
defeated
by
the
Turks
.
Michael
is
deposed
,
he
with
his
wife
and
son
are
put
in
a
Monastery
.
Nicephorus
Botoniates
succeeds
3
years
.
In
the
West
,
Otho
of
Bavaria
is
proscribed
and
his
Country
wasted
by
the
Emperor
,
is
reconciled
with
the
loss
of
his
Dukedom
.
The
Saxons
and
Thuringers
rebell
,
they
are
defeated
.
The
Princes
and
Bishops
complain
to
the
Pope
against
the
Emperour
:
He
and
the
Pope
depose
each
other
.
Rodulph
of
Suevia
chosen
by
the
Germans
,
whom
Henry
being
absolv'd
defeateth
.
Henry
is
deposed
again
.
Rodulph
after
9
battels
,
loseth
his
right-hand
and
dieth
.
Burgundy
is
divided
into
four
parts
.
Lewis
son
to
Philip
of
France
falls
out
at
Chess
with
the
King
of
England's
two
sons
,
which
occasioned
long
Wars
.
William
of
England
imposeth
hard
Laws
on
the
English
;
appoints
4
Termes
:
he
swears
the
observance
of
King
Edward's
Laws
,
upon
the
setting
up
of
Edgar
,
who
flies
again
into
Scotland
.
Roy-Cross
erected
on
the
borders
.
He
setleth
Normandy
,
and
useth
Edgar
honourably
:
He
takes
the
Isle
of
Ely
,
forceth
Wales
to
do
homage
:
Hereford
imprisoned
,
and
Northampton
beheaded
for
Rebellion
.
His
son
Robert
rebels
in
Normandy
,
unhorseth
his
father
,
and
is
pardoned
.
The
Tower
of
London
begun
.
He
makes
a
Forrest
of
36
parishes
.
The
Scots
waste
Northumberland
.
Solyman
of
Hungary
hath
divers
Victories
,
and
is
at
last
defeated
.
Ladislaus
is
chosen
K.
The
Venetians
are
beaten
by
the
Normans
.
Thyerrie
of
Holland
defeats
the
Bishop
of
Utricht
,
and
recovers
Holland
.
Godfrey
of
Lorrain
builded
Delf
.
Rhodes
and
Cyprus
taken
by
the
Turks
.
The
Bishop
of
Cracovia
slain
and
quartered
by
the
K.
of
Poland
,
for
reproving
his
vicious
life
.
In
the
Church
,
Gregory
the
seventh
sitteth
12
yeers
.
He
persecutes
the
Emperour
,
is
imprisoned
,
sends
a
Crown
to
Rodulph
.
Twelve
Synods
held
this
Decad.
Canterbury
is
made
Primate
of
England
.
The
Emperour
robbeth
the
Church
of
her
Tythes
,
which
causeth
much
trouble
between
the
Pope
and
him
.
Bolestaus
King
of
Poland
excommunicated
for
murthering
the
Bishop
Stanislaus
.
In
the
East
,
Constantinople
is
taken
by
Comnenus
.
Nicephorus
is
sent
to
a
Covent
.
Alexius
Comnenus
,
Isaac's
son
,
succeeds
,
37
yeers
.
The
Normans
strive
to
restore
Michael
.
In
the
West
,
Pope
Gregory
is
besieged
in
Rome
by
the
Emperour
;
who
takes
Rome
,
and
is
Crowned
by
Clement
.
Gregory
hides
himself
in
S.
Angelo
.
Herman
D.
of
Lorrain
being
Crowned
by
the
Saxons
,
is
expelled
by
the
Emperour
,
who
again
is
defeated
by
the
Saxons
.
Herman
at
last
yieldeth
,
and
is
pardoned
;
and
rebelling
again
,
is
stoned
by
a
woman
,
and
brained
.
The
Saxons
submit
.
Normandy
is
invaded
by
the
French
,
and
France
by
the
English.
Alphonsus
in
Spain
getteth
Toledo
,
with
other
places
.
The
Arch-Bishop
of
Toledo
made
Primate
of
Spain
.
Alphonsus
gives
to
Henry
of
Lorrain
his
daughter
,
with
Portugal
,
to
hold
of
Leon.
Spain
invaded
by
the
African
Moors
.
William
King
of
England
built
two
Monasteries
in
England
,
and
one
in
Normandy
:
he
dyeth
,
and
is
denyed
burial
at
Caen.
Succeeded
William
Rufus
12
yeers
.
Robert
Duke
of
Normandy
attempteth
England
.
The
King
compounds
with
Odo
his
Uncle
.
Malcolm
King
of
Scotland
rebuildeth
the
Church
of
Durham
,
builds
Dumfermling
Church
,
and
makes
it
the
Sepulchre
of
the
Kings
of
Scotland
:
he
erected
the
Bishopricks
of
Murrey
and
Cathnes
.
Solomon
of
Hungary
built
Varadinum
,
and
makes
it
a
Bishoprick
.
Boleslaus
of
Poland
falls
mad
:
his
Brother
Uladislaus
reigned
20
yeers
,
but
would
not
be
called
King.
Canutus
of
Denmark
falls
out
with
his
people
,
and
is
slain
with
his
brother
in
a
Church
.
His
brother
Olaus
succeeded
7
yeers
.
Uratislaus
made
King
of
Bohemia
,
Moravia
,
Lusatia
,
and
Silesia
,
by
the
Emperour
.
In
Flanders
there
was
some
difference
between
Robert
and
Baldwin
about
St.
Omars
.
Robert
goeth
to
Ierusalem
,
but
is
miraculously
kept
out
of
the
Temple
till
he
had
promised
restitution
to
Baldwin
.
The
disease
called
Erysipelas
,
or
Ignis
sacer
,
followed
upon
the
sight
of
a
fiery
Dragon
in
the
Ayre
.
Friezland
bestowed
upon
the
Bishop
of
Utricht
by
the
Emperour
.
In
the
Church
,
Against
Pope
Gregory
is
set
up
Clement
the
third
,
21
yeers
;
which
made
up
the
four
and
twentieth
Schism
.
Rome
taken
by
Henry
,
and
burnt
by
Robert
the
Norman
,
who
carryed
Gregory
to
Salernum
,
where
he
dyed
.
His
faction
the
next
yeer
chose
Victor
the
third
,
who
sat
two
yeers
.
He
is
driven
by
Clement
to
S.
Angelo
.
Clement
flyeth
to
Ravenna
.
'
Victor
is
poysoned
.
Vrban
the
second
succeeded
11
yeers
.
This
Decad
produceth
fourteen
Councils
.
The
Bohemians
are
inhibited
by
the
Pope
to
Preach
publikely
in
their
own
tongue
.
Bruno
instituted
the
Carthusian
Order
.
A
Sect
of
the
Messalian
hereticks
appear
under
the
new
name
of
Bogomili
.
Vrban
the
second
makes
Pisa
an
Arch-Bishoprick
.
In
the
East
,
Alexius
builds
a
School
and
Hospital
.
He
sends
to
the
Pope
for
help
against
the
Infidels
.
Ierusalem
.
Alexius
keepeth
not
promise
with
them
.
They
restore
to
him
Nice
,
and
tender
Antioch
;
which
he
refuseth
.
In
the
West
,
Henry
makes
peace
with
Strasburg
and
other
places
.
12000
Jews
killed
by
the
Croysadoers
in
Germany
.
Conrade
is
proscribed
by
Henry
,
who
besiegeth
and
takes
Mantua
,
with
some
other
places
.
Conrade
is
made
King
of
Italy
.
Godfrey
of
Bullen
made
Duke
of
Lorrain
.
Henry
repudiates
and
imprisoneth
his
wife
.
Philip
of
France
repudiates
his
wife
,
and
is
excommunicate
for
marrying
the
wife
of
Fulk
Earl
of
Anjou
.
He
forsakes
her
,
and
is
absolved
from
two
Excommunications
.
Upon
the
death
of
Vrban
,
he
takes
her
again
,
and
is
excommunicated
again
.
In
Spain
,
Alphonsus
changeth
the
Gothic
characters
into
Latin.
Ramire
slain
by
the
Moors
,
and
they
by
D.
Piedro
in
Navar
and
Aragon
.
The
Moo●…s
invade
Toledo
,
and
kill
Sancho
heir
to
Alphonsus
,
with
many
Christians
.
William
of
England
invades
Normandy
,
is
reconciled
to
Robert
:
they
both
besiege
Henry
.
They
are
all
three
reconciled
.
The
roof
of
Bow-Church
,
with
six
hundred
houses
in
London
,
overturned
with
the
winde
.
William
and
Robert
are
reconciled
to
Malcolm
,
who
is
slain
at
Alnwick
Castle
.
The
French
King
aideth
Robert
against
William
.
Peace
is
made
,
and
Robert
morgageth
Normandy
to
William
.
The
King
drives
the
Welch
into
the
Woods
and
Hills
.
A
Well
springs
with
blood
fifteen
days
.
Robert
goeth
to
Palestina
.
The
Earls
of
Chester
and
Shrewsbury
oppress
the
Welch
.
Shrewsbury
slain
in
Anglesey
by
the
Norwayers
.
William
builds
Westminster-hall
,
and
the
Tower-wall
.
In
Scotland
,
Donald
is
restored
by
Magnus
of
Norway
.
The
People
rebel
upon
the
Norwayers
claim
of
the
West-ne
Isles
.
Edgar
,
Malcolmes
son
,
is
called
in
,
and
ayded
by
William
Rufus
.
Donald
is
taken
,
imprisoned
,
and
dieth
.
The
Polander
subdueth
the
Prussians
and
Pomeranians
.
Civil
wars
in
Poland
.
The
Pomeranians
are
again
subdued
by
the
Polander
.
The
Hungarians
resist
the
Princes
in
their
expedition
into
Syria
.
They
are
beaten
by
the
Russians
,
with
Coloman
their
King.
Ericus
King
of
Denmark
with
his
Queen
,
go
into
the
Holy
Land.
The
Duke
of
Venice
repairs
Lauretta
,
and
makes
it
a
City
.
Two
hundred
Venetian
ships
sent
to
Syria
:
they
take
eighteen
of
the
Pisan
Gallies
at
Rhodes
.
They
sail
into
Smyrna
,
and
take
Askalon
.
Robert
of
Flanders
hinders
the
Clergy
from
making
Wills
meaning
he
should
be
their
Heir
;
but
he
is
forced
by
the
Pope
to
revoke
his
Decree
.
The
Christians
in
the
Holy
expedition
under
Godfrey
of
Bou●…llon
,
made
Boemund
Duke
of
Apulia
King
of
Antioch
;
and
Godfrey
is
King
of
Ierusalem
.
He
kills
100000
Infidels
at
Askalon
.
In
the
Church
,
Vrban
sits
.
Clement
takes
the
Castle
of
S.
Angelo
.
Vrban
flyeth
,
end
is
restored
.
Clement
flyeth
.
Vrban
dieth
.
Paschal
the
second
succeedeth
18
yeers
.
Thirteen
Councils
held
this
Decad.
About
this
time
were
instituted
the
Feasts
of
Simon
and
Iude
,
Saint
Iames
,
Matthias
,
and
Mark.
Some
Italian
Marchants
begin
the
Order
of
Hospitallers
in
Syria
.
Three
days
at
Easter
and
Witsontide
in
the
Council
of
Constans
appointed
to
be
kept
Holy.
This
expedition
into
Syria
produced
praying
by
Beads
.
The
Cistersian
Order
founded
.
Six
hundred
thousand
Croysodoers
.
In
the
East
.
Alexius
betrayeth
Vrspergensis
and
his
forces
going
to
Syria
.
●…He
betrayeth
the
Croysadoers
.
Again
restoreth
Nice
to
the
Turk
,
and
hinders
our
expedition
both
by
Sea
Mentz
,
Colen
,
and
Worms
,
devest
him
of
his
Robes
.
He
dieth
,
and
lay
unburyed
5
yeers
.
His
son
Henry
the
fifth
succeeded
18
yeers
.
He
invades
Hungary
for
their
treachery
to
the
Croysadoers
.
He
hath
wars
with
Poland
and
the
Flemings
.
Lewis
the
Gross
reigns
in
France
28
yeers
.
Against
him
divers
of
his
Nobility
joyn
with
the
English.
The
Russians
are
beaten
by
the
Polanders
.
Boleslaus
the
Polander
,
with
Hungary
,
league
against
the
Emperour
.
Boleslaus
craveth
Peace
.
The
Danish
King
and
Queen
die
in
Cyprus
.
Magnus
King
of
Norway
slain
in
Ireland
.
Venice
make
a
league
with
Hungary
,
and
take
Brandescum
from
the
Normans
.
The
Venetians
send
a
hundred
ships
to
Syria
:
for
their
good
service
at
Sidon
and
Ptolemais
,
they
obtain
of
Baldwin
,
a
Street
,
a
Church
,
a
Market
,
and
other
priviledges
.
Robert
of
Flanders
sweareth
Fealty
to
the
Emperour
,
and
is
reconciled
to
him
.
The
Haven
of
Staven
in
Frisia
stopt
by
Corn
flung
over-boord
by
a
rich
Widow
there
.
The
Frieslanders
rebel
,
and
are
subdued
by
the
Earl
of
Holland
.
In
Zealand
the
Hollanders
are
beaten
by
the
Flemings
.
Godfrey
of
Ierusalem
dieth
of
the
Plague
;
his
brother
Baldwin
succeeds
18
yeers
.
Boemund
is
taken
by
the
Turks
.
Tancred
his
Deputy
takes
Apamea
,
and
is
taken
and
kept
five
yeers
.
B●…emund
is
ransomed
,
and
Baldwin
wounded
.
Hugh
Earl
of
Tiberias
slain
by
a
dart
.
Bertrand
made
Earl
of
Tripoli
.
Tancred
beats
the
Turks
.
William
of
England
slain
in
the
New
Forrest
.
Henry
the
first
succeeds
35
yeers
.
He
drives
the
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
into
Normandy
.
Great
dissention
between
the
King
,
and
Ansel
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
.
The
King
and
Robert
of
Normandy
differ
.
Robert
is
taken
,
and
Normandy
subdued
by
the
King.
Robert
imprisoned
at
Cardiff
,
and
his
eys
put
out
.
Flemings
plant
in
Wales
.
The
Emperour
is
espoused
to
Maud
the
Kings
daughter
at
six
yeers
old
.
The
martyed
Priests
are
persecuted
.
In
Scotland
Donald
dieth
in
prison
.
Edgar
,
Malcolms
son
,
reigned
8
yeers
.
The
first
anoynted
King
there
.
He
built
Coldingham-Monastery
,
and
enricheth
the
Church
of
Durham
.
His
brother
Alexander
succeeds
15
yeers
.
He
defeateth
the
robbers
of
Ross
,
and
executeth
the
ringleaders
.
In
the
Church
:
Paschal
was
the
first
Pope
that
subscribed
the
yeer
of
his
Papacy
.
Clement
dieth
,
and
Allectus
is
chosen
;
but
he
giveth
over
.
Theodoricus
chosen
and
deposed
.
Sylvester
is
elected
and
banished
.
So
the
Schism
of
21
yeers
endeth
.
Paschal
suspends
the
Liegroirs
from
the
Sacrament
,
till
they
had
digged
up
the
Emperours
body
,
and
laid
it
in
a
prophane
place
.
He
raiseth
the
Normans
of
Apulia
against
the
Emperour
.
Fourteen
Synods
this
Decad.
Fluentius
Bishop
of
Florence
deposed
,
for
saying
Antichrist
was
then
born
.
Differences
between
the
Pope
and
the
Princes
about
investitures
.
Pomerania
converted
.
The
Bishoprick
of
Ely
founded
.
The
Order
of
Regular
Canons
instituted
.
Bethlem
made
a
Bishoprick
under
the
Patriarch
of
Ierusalem
.
In
the
East
,
Alexius
profers
to
assist
the
Pope
against
Henry
,
if
he
will
bestow
on
him
the
Latine
Empire
.
To
Alexius
succeeds
Comnenus
,
or
Calo-Iohannes
,
24
yeers
.
He
takes
Normandy
.
Alphonsus
Duke
of
Portugal
is
saluted
King
by
the
Army
,
after
he
had
deseated
four
Saracen
Kings
,
whose
heads
are
born
by
the
Portugal
Kings
in
their
A●…ms
.
Saragosse
is
recovered
from
the
Moors
.
Boleslaus
of
Poland
beats
the
Prussians
and
Pomeranians
:
he
wasteth
Bohemia
,
and
puts
out
the
Palatine
of
Cracovia
his
eyes
.
Poland
is
plundered
by
the
Hungarians
.
Pomerania
subdued
again
.
Dalmatia
revolteth
from
the
Venetians
to
the
Hungarians
;
but
the
Duke
recovers
it
again
,
and
subdueth
Croatia
.
Dalmatia
revolteth
again
.
The
Duke
goeth
against
them
,
and
is
slain
:
so
truce
is
made
for
five
yeers
.
In
Hungary
,
order
is
given
to
geld
Bela
the
son
of
Almus
:
but
he
was
presented
with
Cats
stones
in
stead
of
his
.
Steven
the
second
reigns
in
Hungary
17
yeers
:
he
wastes
Polonia
.
Canutus
of
Denmark
is
killed
by
Magnus
.
The
people
rebel
;
and
Magnus
is
banished
into
Gothland
.
The
Suevians
chuse
a
King
of
their
own
;
whom
the
Goths
expel
.
Baldwyn
is
beaten
by
the
Turks
in
Coelo-Syria
.
The
Saracens
repulsed
from
Ioppe
.
Baldwyn
dieth
.
His
cousen
succeeds
,
called
Baldwyn
the
second
.
Antioch
is
annexed
to
the
Kingdom
of
Ierusalem
;
Roger
being
slain
by
the
Turks
.
Constance
taken
by
the
Earl
of
Anjou
,
is
recovered
by
the
King
of
England
;
who
subdueth
Wales
:
he
oppresseth
both
Church
and
State.
The
Thames
almost
dry
for
two
days
.
The
first
foundation
of
Parliaments
.
William
the
son
of
Robert
set
up
in
Normandy
by
the
French
and
Flemings
:
he
will
not
admit
the
Popes
Legat.
Henry
beats
the
French
and
Flemings
in
Normandy
,
where
Earl
Baldwyn
of
Flanders
is
slain
.
Northumberland
and
Huntingdon
are
by
Marriage
annexed
to
the
Crown
of
Scotland
.
The
King
seeth
the
Earl
of
Merne's
son
hanged
for
murther
:
he
was
set
upon
by
thieves
,
and
kills
them
:
he
built
some
Churches
and
Abbeys
.
In
the
Church
:
Pascal
fits
;
he
raiseth
Forces
against
the
Emperour
.
Maud
,
Princess
of
Hetruria
makes
the
Church
her
heir
.
The
Emperour
strives
to
recover
her
lands
.
Upon
Pascal's
death
ariseth
the
five
and
twentieth
Schism
;
Gelasius
the
second
,
and
Gregory
the
eighth
,
being
both
chosen
.
Gelasius
dieth
;
and
Calixtus
the
second
succeeds
5
yeers
.
This
Decad
affordeth
twelve
Councils
.
Knights
of
S.
Iohn
of
Ierusalem
instituted
.
S.
Bernard
founded
the
Monastery
of
Clareval
;
who
was
Abbot
there
36
yeers
.
The
Premonstrants
instituted
.
The
Templers
are
also
founded
,
to
secure
the
high-ways
.
In
the
East
,
the
Emperour
beats
the
Scythians
in
Thrace
:
he
invades
the
Venetian
territories
.
The
Duke
of
Venice
takes
many
Islands
from
the
Greeks
.
In
the
West
,
the
Emperour
resigneth
Thuringe
.
Lotharius
of
Saxony
proscribed
.
The
Emperour
helps
the
English
against
the
French
:
He
dieth
issueless
.
Lotharius
Duke
of
Saxony
succeeds
12
yeers
.
Conrad
Duke
of
Suevia
is
crowned
at
Milan
King
of
Lombardy
.
The
Pope
excommunicates
him
with
the
Bishop
of
Milan
.
Spire
and
Ulme
taken
by
the
Emperour
.
The
Bishop
of
Mentz
his
eyes
put
out
.
Lewis
of
France
beats
the
Emperour
:
he
crowns
his
son
Philip
at
two
yeers
old
;
who
died
by
a
fall
from
his
horse
.
In
Spain
,
S.
Iames
of
Compostella
is
made
an
Archbishoprick
.
Calatrava
won
from
the
Moor
by
Alphonsus
of
Castile
:
he
makes
himself
Emperour
of
Spain
.
Alphonsus
of
Arragon
is
slain
.
Boleslaus
defeats
the
Rebels
in
Poland
,
and
rebuilds
Cracovia
,
being
burnt
.
Steven
of
Hungary
being
childless
,
hath
blinde
Bela
preferred
for
his
successor
by
the
Pope
:
he
is
adopted
by
Steven
.
In
Denmark
,
the
People
set
up
Ericus
,
and
depose
Harold
.
Ericus
escapeth
a
danger
.
One
Harold
invades
the
Kingdom
of
Norway
,
and
puts
out
the
eyes
of
Magnus
,
and
geldeth
him
.
The
Venetians
beat
the
Infidels
at
Ioppa
:
to
them
is
alotted
a
third
part
of
Tyre
.
The
Turks
invade
Syria
.
The
King
,
with
divers
Nobles
,
are
taken
.
Fulk
Earl
of
Anjou
leaveth
his
Earldome
,
and
returns
to
Syria
.
Tyre
is
taken
,
and
the
King
ransomed
;
who
leaves
his
daughter
in
pledge
,
and
redeems
her
with
the
Sara●…en
spoils
.
The
Hollanders
rebel
,
and
are
subdued
by
the
Emperour
.
Charles
the
good
of
Flanders
,
with
his
Almoner
,
distribute
in
one
day
to
the
poor
78000
loaves
.
He
is
killed
in
the
Church
of
Bruges
for
his
charity
,
by
the
family
of
the
Stratenses
.
William
,
Robert's
son
of
Normandy
,
made
Earl
by
the
French
King.
He
oppressed
the
people
,
and
is
killed
at
the
siege
of
Alost
.
Prince
William
of
England
,
with
150
,
is
drowned
in
the
sea
.
Normandy
rebels
,
and
is
subdued
.
King
Henry
invadeth
France
,
for
aiding
William
Earl
of
Flanders
.
David
King
of
Scotland
punisheth
severely
unjust
Judges
:
he
built
Holy-Roodhouse
,
and
founded
fifteen
Abbeys
.
In
the
Church
:
Calixtus
sits
yet
.
Gregory
the
Anti-pope
is
carried
about
the
streets
of
Rome
on
horse-back
with
his
face
to
the
tail
,
and
then
imprisoned
.
To
Calixtus
succeeds
Honorius
the
second
,
five
yeers
:
he
resisteth
Roger
in
the
Kingdom
of
Apulia
.
There
were
seven
Synods
held
this
Decad.
At
Rome
,
the
Archbishop
of
Lyons
slain
,
for
slandering
the
Clergie
.
In
the
East
,
it
is
agreed
that
Antioch
should
hold
of
the
Empire
.
Iohn
,
son
to
Isaac
the
Emperours
Liege
.
Lotharius
crowned
at
Rome
.
The
Civil
Laws
are
revived
.
The
Emperour
subdueth
Lombardy
,
except
Milan
and
Verona
:
He
expels
Roger
King
of
Sicily
out
of
Italy
,
and
giveth
Apulia
to
one
Raynulf
.
To
him
succeeded
Conrad
3.
fourteen
yeers
.
He
proscribes
Henry
Duke
of
Saxony
.
The
Guelphs
and
Gibelines
begin
now
to
quarrel
,
under
these
names
.
King
Lewis
the
sixth
of
France
dieth
;
to
whom
succeeded
his
son
Lewis
the
seventh
.
44
yeers
.
In
Hungary
,
divers
Lords
rebel
against
King
Bela
,
and
call
in
the
Polonians
and
Russians
,
who
are
defeated
.
In
Denmark
,
Ericus
kills
Harold
,
and
two
of
his
sons
:
Olaus
the
third
escapeth
in
womans
apparel
,
unto
Norway
.
Harold
of
Norway
is
killed
by
Syward
,
and
he
by
Harold's
sons
.
The
Emperour
takes
Frisia
from
the
Bishop
of
Utricht
,
and
gives
it
to
Thierry
Earl
of
Holland
;
who
wastes
the
Bishops
country
,
and
expels
him
.
To
Baldwyn
in
Ierusalem
,
succeeds
Fulk
Earl
of
Anjou
,
11
yeers
:
He
takes
Caesarea-Philippi
,
and
buildeth
two
Castles
neer
Ascalon
.
In
England
,
Steven
,
nephew
to
Henry
,
reigneth
18
yeers
:
He
is
opposed
by
his
Peers
,
and
defeats
the
Scots
:
He
takes
divers
Castles
from
his
Lords
,
and
drives
the
Earl
of
Gloucester
into
France
.
Peace
between
England
and
Scotland
.
In
the
Church
,
Innocent
the
second
sate
13
yeers
:
Anastasius
his
Anti-Pope
makes
the
26
Schism
.
Innocent
fleeth
into
France
,
and
is
by
the
French
restored
.
The
Towns
that
held
with
Innocent
are
taken
by
Roger
,
who
spoils
the
Popes
territories
.
He
takes
Innocent
,
and
compels
him
to
crown
him
King
of
Italy
.
This
Decad
produced
ten
Councils
.
The
Pope
makes
Genoa
an
Archbishoprick
.
The
Feasts
of
S.
Thomas
,
S.
Luke
,
and
S.
Bartholomew
,
were
instituted
about
this
time
.
In
the
East
,
the
Emperour
died
of
a
wound
by
a
poysoned
arrow
,
and
makes
his
youngest
son
,
Emanuel
Comnenus
,
successor
,
38
yeers
.
His
coasts
are
infested
by
Pirates
.
He
discovereth
Frederic
Barbarossa
,
his
brother's
son
,
successor
;
passing
by
his
own
son
.
The
French
King
undertakes
an
Expedition
unto
Syria
,
to
expiate
his
burning
of
a
Church
with
three
hundred
people
in
it
.
King
Lewis
,
in
his
return
from
Syria
,
is
taken
prisoner
by
the
Greeks
,
and
rescued
by
the
Sicilian
Fleet.
Alphonsus
makes
Portugal
tributary
to
the
Pope
.
Alphonsus
the
Emperour
takes
Cordub●…
and
other
places
from
the
Moors
.
The
Arragonians
worsted
by
the
Navarrois
.
The
Moors
lose
Lisbon
.
Peter
,
an
Earl
of
Poland
,
loseth
his
tongue
and
eyes
,
for
reproving
the
King.
He
is
deposed
by
the
people
,
and
fleeth
to
the
Emperour
;
who
would
have
testored
him
,
but
could
not
.
Boleslaus
his
brother
succeeds
27
yeers
.
The
Hungarians
put
the
Imperialists
(
who
had
invaded
Hungary
)
to
flight
.
Olaus
Harold's
son
,
claims
Denmark
;
but
is
defeated
by
Ericus
,
and
driven
into
Holland
,
where
he
was
drowned
.
Ericus
goeth
into
Syria
;
returns
,
and
becomes
a
Monk
,
and
resignes
his
Crown
.
His
son
Sueno
is
chosen
by
the
Silanders
;
and
Canutus
,
son
to
Magnus
,
by
the
Iutians
.
This
bred
Civil
Wars
.
Ericus
of
Suevia
is
slain
by
Henry
,
Sueno's
son
of
Denmark
.
Venice
aideth
Emanuel
against
King
Roger
of
Sicily
.
S.
Mark's
tower
built
.
The
Pirates
defeated
by
the
Venetians
.
Fulk
King
of
Ierusalem
is
brained
with
a
fall
from
his
horse
.
Baldwyn
the
third
succeedeth
,
with
his
mother
,
20
yeers
.
Edessa
taken
by
the
Sultan
;
who
,
for
his
cruelty
,
is
slain
.
The
Christian
Princes
fall
out
at
Damascus
.
Antioch
taken
by
Noradin
the
Sultan
;
and
Prince
Raymund
killed
.
The
Earl
of
Flanders
goeth
into
Syria
.
In
England
,
Maud
landeth
,
and
is
crowned
:
Steven
taken
,
and-imprisoned
.
She
fleeth
to
Oxford
,
and
is
carried
thence
in
a
Cossin
to
Gloucester
.
King
Steven
is
released
:
he
besiegeth
Maud
in
Oxford
;
who
escapes
in
a
snowie
night
.
Divers
places
yeeld
to
Steven
.
Maud
goeth
into
Normandy
.
Henry
lands
in
England
with
an
Army
,
and
goeth
into
Scotland
;
where
he
is
knighted
.
King
David
of
Scotland
erecteth
four
Bishopricks
.
In
the
Church
:
Innocent
sits
yet
:
he
takes
Tybur
:
he
opposeteth
the
Romane
Government
by
two
Consuls
,
and
three
hundred
Senators
:
he
is
reconciled
by
S.
Bernard
with
France
.
Celestinus
the
second
succeeded
five
months
:
then
Socius
the
second
,
eleven
months
:
He
was
slain
in
a
sedition
.
The
Senate
challenge
the
Pope's
revenues
.
Eugenius
the
third
succeeds
seven
yeers
.
He
,
by
Lewis
of
France
his
Forces
going
for
Syria
,
reduceth
Rome
to
her
old
Government
.
He
fleeth
into
France
.
Ten
Synods
this
Decad.
The
Carmelites
Order
founded
on
Mount
Carmel
.
Petrobrusianus
denieth
Baptism
to
Infants
.
The
Alcoran
translated
into
Latine
by
Peter
Abbot
of
Clugney
.
In
the
East
,
the
Emperour
being
beaten
by
Roger
twice
,
makes
peace
with
him
.
The
Greek
Cilicia
.
Baldwyn
King
of
Ierusalem
defeats
the
Egyptians
,
and
kills
5000
of
them
.
He
gives
Ascalon
to
the
Earl
of
Ioppa
.
The
Bishops
complain
to
the
Pope
against
the
Templers
,
for
refusing
to
pay
tythes
.
Baldwyn
beats
the
Turks
,
and
defeats
Noradin
neer
Iordan
.
In
the
West
,
the
Emperour
takes
Placentia
,
and
some
other
places
:
He
holds
the
Pope's
stirrup
at
Sutrium
:
He
is
crowned
at
Rome
,
and
overthrows
Spoletum
.
Frederic
the
Emperour
quarrels
with
the
Pope
,
and
is
reconciled
.
The
Pope
quarrels
again
with
Frederic
,
and
excommunicates
him
.
In
Denmark
,
Canutus
obtains
the
Government
of
Iutia
:
he
makes
himself
King.
Sueno
fleeth
into
Germany
.
The
Kingdom
is
divided
between
Sueno
and
Canutus
.
Sueno
kills
Canutus
at
a
feast
;
and
Sueno
is
killed
not
long
after
.
Waldemur
,
son
of
Canutus
that
was
slain
by
Magnus
,
reigns
alone
.
Ingo
King
of
Norway
with
most
of
his
Nobles
,
pursuing
their
enemies
on
the
ice
,
are
drowned
.
The
Danes
invade
Suevia
,
and
are
driven
back
with
cold
.
King
Charles
of
Suevia
is
slain
by
Canutus
son
S.
Ericus
.
The
Venetians
make
Pole
tributary
.
In
Holland
,
the
people
of
Harlem
kill
900
Frisons
,
who
had
invaded
the
Countrey
.
Henry
returns
into
England
:
thirty
Castles
revolt
to
him
:
he
is
adopted
by
Steven
;
who
succeeded
King
34
yeers
.
He
reforms
the
Laws
,
and
raseth
divers
Castles
.
He
takes
Cumberland
and
Northumberland
from
Malcolm
,
and
gives
him
Huntington
.
He
doth
homage
in
France
for
Normandy
.
He
is
beaten
by
the
Welch
.
Peace
between
France
and
England
,
by
the
marriage
of
Henry's
eldest
son
Richard
to
Margaret
the
French
King's
daughter
.
Malcolm
of
Scotland
forced
to
accompany
Henry
into
France
;
for
which
he
was
troubled
at
home
,
when
he
returned
.
In
the
Church
:
Anastasius
the
fourth
sate
4
months
:
then
Adrian
the
fourth
,
an
English
man
,
4
yeers
.
He
is
forced
to
crown
William
King
of
Sicily
.
He
excommunicates
Frederick
,
and
is
choaked
with
a
flye
in
his
drink
.
This
Decad
affordeth
three
Councils
.
Gratian
collecteth
the
books
of
Decretals
.
The
Eremites
of
S.
Austins
Rule
set
up
by
William
Duke
of
Aquitane
.
Christianity
planted
in
Livonia
.
Petrus
Waldo
,
a
Merchant
of
Lyons
,
father
of
the
Waldenses
.
The
Templers
prevail
at
Rome
against
the
Bishops
.
In
the
East
,
Emanuel
the
Emperour
persecutes
the
Venetians
,
upon
a
Prophecie
that
they
should
Damascus
.
Almaricus
,
Baldwyn's
brother
,
is
King
of
Ierusalem
twelve
yeers
.
He
aideth
the
Egyptian
against
the
Persian
:
then
,
against
promise
,
aideth
the
Greeks
against
the
Egyptian
.
He
implores
the
Turks
aid
.
Syraconus
the
Turk
,
having
killed
the
Egyptian
Sultan
,
makes
himself
Caliph
.
In
the
West
,
Frederick
burns
Cromona
,
raseth
Milan
,
and
soweth
it
with
salt
;
subdueth
Lombardy
,
and
plundereth
Mentz
,
for
killing
their
Bishops
.
The
Lombards
and
Venetians
joyn
against
him
,
and
repair
Milan
.
He
is
crowned
at
Rome
.
Boleslaus
of
Poland
,
by
gifts
,
winketh
at
the
Prussians
Idolatry
;
who
rebel
twice
.
The
Polanders
,
in
pursuing
them
into
the
marishes
,
are
drowned
.
The
Hungarians
win
Dalmatia
,
invade
the
Venetian
Lands
,
and
stir
the
Greeks
against
them
.
Bohemia
is
invaded
by
the
Emperour
.
Waldemare
King
of
Denmark
submits
his
Kingdom
to
the
Emperour
.
The
Danes
have
Wars
,
then
Peace
with
the
Rugians
.
They
are
forced
to
Christianity
.
Absalon
Bishop
of
Roschild
beats
the
Vandals
in
their
own
Country
.
Ladislans
,
Vicar
of
the
Empire
and
King
of
Hungary
,
aids
the
Emperor
against
Milan
;
whereupon
,
his
Arms
are
changed
from
an
Eagle
to
a
Lion
Argent
.
The
King
entereth
into
a
Monastery
,
and
makes
Vogislaus
Governour
;
whom
the
King's
son
woundeth
.
The
Venetian
Merchants
treacherously
killed
by
the
Greek
Emperour
:
they
take
Clios
.
Thierry
of
Flanders
maketh
his
fourth
Expedition
into
Syria
.
Philip
his
son
succeeds
25
yeers
:
he
obtains
Doway
from
the
Earl
of
Heinalt
.
The
Hollanders
and
Frieslanders
,
at
variance
.
In
England
,
the
King
and
Becket
differ
:
Becket
fleeth
into
Flanders
;
his
goods
are
confiscated
;
and
appeals
to
Rome
forbid
.
The
Welch
are
subdued
.
Becket
is
restored
by
the
French
King's
means
.
Malcolm
King
of
Scotland
builds
the
Abbey
of
S.
Andrews
.
His
brother
William
succeeds
49
yeers
:
to
him
is
restored
a
part
of
Northumberland
by
Henry
who
repents
of
his
grant
,
and
quarrels
with
Malcolm
:
hereupon
,
the
English
invade
Cumberland
.
In
the
Church
:
Alexander
the
third
sits
21
yeers
:
his
anti-Pope
was
Victor
the
fourth
;
which
makes
the
seven
and
twentieth
Schism
.
Victor
and
the
Emperour
are
excommunicated
by
Alexander
.
Victor
dieth
;
and
the
Emperours
faction
chuseth
Paschal
the
third
.
Alexander
fleeth
to
Benevent
,
and
fortifieth
Tusculum
.
Paschal
dieth
,
and
Calixtus
the
third
chosen
.
Seven
Synods
held
this
Decad.
The
bodies
of
the
three
Wise-men
are
translated
from
Milan
to
Colen
.
Paschal
canonizeth
Charles
the
Great
.
The
Order
of
Humiliantes
began
now
in
Lombardy
:
these
were
poor
people
who
in
white
cloathes
had
restitution
of
their
possessions
from
the
Emperour
:
these
habits
they
retained
still
.
In
the
East
,
the
Emperour
gives
in
Dowry
with
his
daughter
the
kingdom
of
Thessaly
,
to
Reyner
son
to
the
Marquess
of
Montferrat
:
he
is
beaten
by
the
Venetians
,
and
by
the
Sultan
of
Iconium
:
Damascus
.
Baldwyn
becometh
leprous
.
In
the
West
,
the
Emperour
takes
divers
places
in
Italy
.
Divers
places
in
Germany
taken
by
the
Bishop
of
Mentz
,
for
the
Emperour
.
At
Venice
,
peace
is
made
between
the
Pope
and
the
Emperour
.
Henry
the
Lion
being
returned
from
Syria
,
where
he
was
opposed
by
the
Templers
,
is
proscribed
by
the
Emperour
,
and
condemned
of
treason
.
In
Poland
,
Miceslaus
is
deposed
,
and
Casimire
his
brother
chosen
;
to
whom
Miceslans
submits
.
In
Denmark
are
divers
rebellions
.
In
Bohemia
,
Frederic
son
to
Ladislaus
,
is
aided
by
the
Emperour
to
recover
his
kingdom
:
he
incurreth
the
peoples
hatred
,
for
oppression
,
and
preferring
a
Germane
to
prime
places
.
Vitalis
Michael
,
the
Duke
of
Venice
,
is
slain
for
suffering
the
Greeks
to
abuse
the
State.
Two
great
Pillars
erected
at
Venice
by
a
Lombard
,
who
desired
that
Cheaters
might
play
at
Dice
between
them
unpunished
.
The
Bank
is
here
first
erected
.
The
Pope
bestows
a
Ring
on
the
Duke
,
to
cast
into
the
Sea
,
in
signe
of
its
marriage
and
subjection
to
them
:
a
Custom
yet
observed
yeerly
.
The
Pope
priviledgeth
the
Duke
and
his
successors
to
have
a
Canopie
over
them
,
and
eight
silver
trumpets
to
be
sounded
before
them
.
The
Earls
of
Flanders
and
Heinalt
make
War
upon
the
Earl
of
Avignon
,
for
murthering
the
Bishop
of
Cambrey
.
The
Earl
bestoweth
West
-
Flanders
on
Philip
the
French
King
with
his
Neece
.
In
England
,
Becket
is
killed
in
Canterbury-Church
.
Ireland
is
mastered
.
Becket's
murtherers
condemned
to
serve
all
their
days
in
Syria
.
The
King
is
enjoyned
Penance
,
and
to
maintain
200
men
in
Palestine
for
one
yeer
.
The
King
overcomes
those
that
would
have
deposed
him
.
He
goeth
bare-foot
,
and
is
whipped
.
The
Scots
King
taken
prisoner
:
then
a
peace
is
made
.
Itinerant
Justices
appointed
.
Prince
Arthur's
body
digged
out
of
Glastenbury
Church-yard
.
The
Scots
aid
Prince
Henry
of
England
against
his
father
.
King
William
of
Scotland
ransomed
,
upon
the
payment
of
a
great
sum
,
and
rendering
of
divers
Castles
.
The
Abbeys
of
Arbroth
and
Hadington
built
.
In
the
Church
:
Pope
Alexander
yet
sits
,
but
is
kept
out
of
Rome
.
Peace
between
the
Pope
and
Emperour
:
so
the
Schism
endeth
.
The
Pope
is
recalled
to
Rome
.
Four
Councils
held
this
Decad.
The
Order
of
Crossed
Friars
instituted
.
The
Pope
erecteth
a
Bishoprick
at
his
own
City
Alexandria
in
Italy
,
for
their
good
service
against
the
Emperour
.
The
Albingenses
driven
out
of
Tholose
,
infect
Bohemia
.
In
a
Synod
of
Rome
of
three
hundred
Bishops
,
Peter
Lombard
is
declared
an
Heretick
,
but
36
after
he
was
justified
by
Pope
Innocent
the
third
.
In
the
East
,
Emanuel
being
dead
,
his
son
Alexius
succeeds
,
under
his
Mothers
tuition
,
2
yeers
.
Andronicus
,
Emanuels
cousin
,
kills
the
Tutors
,
strangles
the
Emperours
mother
,
poysoneth
Isaac
Angelus
plotteth
against
him
.
Andronicus
murthers
Isaac's
brethren
.
Isaac
being
in
danger
,
fleeth
to
the
Temple
,
and
is
proclaimed
Emperour
.
Andronicus
is
tortured
to
death
.
Isaac
Angelus
reigns
9
yeers
.
The
Pyrats
takes
seventy
of
his
Ships
.
His
General
Brana
aspireth
,
besiegeth
Constantinople
,
and
is
killed
.
He
makes
a
wicked
League
with
Saladine
;
who
takes
all
the
Cities
of
Mesopotamia
and
Aleppo
by
treason
.
He
invaded
Palestina
,
and
is
driven
back
by
the
Earl
of
Tripolis
.
King
Baldwin
dieth
.
Baldwin
the
fifth
succeeded
,
who
after
7
moneths
was
poysoned
by
his
mother
,
that
her
husband
Guy
of
Lusignan
night
succeed
,
who
reigned
10
yeers
.
The
Apostate
Christians
called
Mamelucks
,
are
instituted
by
Saladine
.
The
Earl
of
Tripolis
calls
in
Saladine
against
Guy
,
whom
he
takes
prisoner
,
and
subdues
all
Syria
,
except
Tyre
and
Tripolis
.
Guy
abjureth
the
kingdom
,
and
is
released
.
Barbarossa
coming
towards
Syria
defeats
the
Turks
three
times
.
He
is
drowned
in
the
River
.
In
the
West
,
Otho
of
Bavaria
doth
much
mischief
in
Germany
.
He
is
expelled
.
Henry
is
maintained
in
Normandy
by
the
English.
Peace
with
Lombardy
.
At
Erford
Dyet
,
six
Earls
with
many
others
,
slain
by
the
falling
of
the
room
.
The
Emperour
and
Pope
at
odds
about
the
Bishoprick
of
Triers
.
The
Pope
denyeth
to
part
with
the
inheritance
of
〈◊〉
,
to
Crown
the
Emperours
son
,
and
to
admit
his
Bishop
to
Triers
.
The
Bishop
of
Mentz
deposed
for
adhering
to
the
Pope
.
Frederick
hasteneth
for
Syria
with
an
hundred
and
fifty
thousand
men
,
and
is
ill
used
by
Isaac
.
Henry
the
Lion
returns
,
takes
Lubec
and
other
places
.
In
France
,
Philip
the
second
reigns
42
yeers
.
The
Jews
are
expelled
France
.
The
French
have
wars
with
Flanders
and
Burgundy
.
The
Flemings
forced
to
Peace
.
Richard
and
Iohn
of
England
besieged
by
the
French
,
who
make
wars
against
England
.
King
Philip
and
Richard
undertake
an
expedition
into
Syria
.
Wars
in
Spain
between
Ferdinand
and
Alphonsus
of
Portugal
.
The
Moors
defeated
,
and
their
King
slain
.
Sanctius
regns
in
Portugal
26
yeers
.
He
is
ayded
by
the
Hollanders
against
the
Moors
.
The
Polander
recovers
much
of
Russia
and
Lituania
.
The
Polonians
and
Hungarians
invade
each
other
.
Peace
for
2
yeers
.
Miceslaus
the
Kings
brother
,
is
received
as
King
into
Cracovia
.
Casimire
takes
the
City
,
and
pardoneth
his
brother
.
Canutus
of
Denmark
defeats
Harold
the
usurper
.
He
denyeth
fealty
to
the
Emperour
.
The
Danes
beat
Bugislaus
the
Vandal
.
The
Emperour
returns
the
Kings
sister
for
not
paying
the
rest
of
her
Dowry
.
The
Bohemians
are
proscribed
by
the
Emperour
:
whom
they
slight
.
Great
troubles
in
Bohemia
between
King
Frederick
and
his
rebellious
subjects
.
subjects
.
Philip
leaveth
the
Government
of
Flanders
to
his
wife
,
and
goeth
into
Syria
with
eighty
seven
Netherland
Ships
.
In
England
,
the
King
makes
his
son
Iohn
King
of
Ireland
.
The
Welch
swear
fealty
to
the
King.
Richard
joyneth
with
the
French
against
his
Father
.
Ieffery
the
Kings
son
trodden
to
death
at
Paris
.
King
Henry
dieth
cursing
his
children
.
Richard
the
first
succeeded
9
yeers
.
He
releaseth
his
mother
,
and
maketh
the
Bishop
of
Ely
his
Deputy
.
The
Pope
sends
to
the
Scots
King
a
Rose
of
gold
.
He
payeth
part
of
his
ransom
,
and
Edinburgh
Castle
is
restored
.
In
the
Church
:
Pope
Alexander
perswades
a
new
expedition
into
Syria
.
To
him
succeeds
Lucius
the
third
4
yeers
.
He
is
expelled
the
City
.
The
Emperour
sends
an
Army
,
many
of
which
die
with
poysoned
waters
.
He
refuseth
to
Crown
the
Emperours
son
.
Vrban
the
third
succeeded
1
yeer
.
He
dieth
upon
the
loss
of
Ierusalem
.
Gregory
the
eighth
succeeds
1
moneth
.
Then
Clement
the
third
3
yeers
.
This
Decad
produced
eight
Synods
.
The
Maronites
forsake
the
Heresie
of
the
Monothelites
.
The
Temple-Church
in
London
dedicated
by
Horaclius
Patriarch
of
Ierusalem
.
Livonia
converted
,
and
Riga
made
a
Bishoprick
.
In
the
East
:
Isaac
is
blinded
and
put
into
a
Covent
by
his
brother
Alexius
Angelus
,
whom
he
English.
Ioppa
taken
by
Richard.
He
exchangeth
Cyprus
for
Acon
with
Guy
.
Saladine
dieth
,
and
commands
his
shirt
to
be
carryed
before
him
.
Guy
is
killed
with
a
fall
from
his
window
.
His
wife
marryed
with
Almerick
,
who
became
King
of
Ierusalem
and
Cyprus
.
Earl
Montfort
defeats
the
Infidels
.
In
the
West
:
Henry
the
sixth
reigns
Emperour
9
yeers
:
he
is
Crowned
at
Rome
:
his
Empress
is
taken
by
Tancred
,
and
restored
.
He
subdueth
Salern
,
Calabria
,
Apulia
,
and
Sicily
.
He
makes
Tancreds
son
Earl
of
Tarentum
.
He
forceth
Alexius
to
satisfie
the
wrongs
done
to
the
Latin
Princes
.
To
him
succeeds
Philip
his
brother
,
and
Otho
Duke
of
Saxony
,
chosen
by
opposite
factions
.
Philip
the
French
King
arriveth
in
Sicily
,
and
quarrelleth
with
Richard.
He
leaves
his
Army
with
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
returns
.
He
invades
Richards
territories
,
and
solicites
the
Emperour
to
detain
him
.
He
surpriseth
Eureux
,
and
recovers
Mayne
in
Spain
.
Portugal
,
Navar
,
and
Arragon
,
league
with
Alphonsus
the
ninth
of
Leon
,
against
Castile
.
Alphonsus
of
Castile
is
wounded
by
the
Moors
.
Castile
and
Arragon
invade
Leon
and
Navarr
.
In
Sicily
,
William
rebelleth
;
his
eys
are
put
out
,
and
he
is
sent
into
Germany
.
The
Sicilians
chuse
another
King
,
whom
the
Emperour
Crowned
with
an
iron
Crown
red
hot
,
and
nailed
it
to
his
head
.
In
Hungary
,
Rela
dieth
;
his
son
Emerio
succeeds
9
yeers
.
His
brother
rebelleth
,
and
is
pardoned
.
The
Polander
subdues
the
Prussians
,
and
makes
a
perpetual
Peace
with
Hungary
.
The
King
dieth
,
his
son
Lescus
succeeded
6
yeers
.
Miceslaus
the
usurper
defeated
,
and
his
son
slain
.
The
Queen
resignes
the
Government
to
him
.
The
Danes
enter
Vandalia
.
Waldemare
Bishop
of
Sleswic
invades
the
kingdom
,
is
taken
and
imprisoned
.
Adolph
Earl
of
Holstein
makes
great
troubles
in
Denmark
.
In
Bohemia
,
Wenceslaus
is
expelled
by
Primislaus
.
He
with
Ladislaus
,
make
great
troubles
there
.
The
Pisans
are
beaten
by
the
Venetians
.
The
Duke
retireth
into
a
Monastery
.
Flanders
,
upon
the
Earls
death
,
is
divided
between
Baldwin
of
Henalt
,
Lewis
the
French
Kings
son
,
and
Maud
the
Earls
widow
.
Baldwin
leagueth
with
England
,
and
helpeth
Otho
against
Philip
the
Emperour
.
The
Hollanders
overcome
the
Flemings
.
Thyerry
of
Holland
defeats
the
Earl
of
Guelders
.
Friesland
is
held
of
Holland
.
Richard
of
England
is
cast
upon
Cyprus
.
He
takes
Isa
the
Tyrant
,
and
the
Island
.
He
is
in
his
return
from
Syria
taken
by
Leopold
Duke
of
Austria
,
who
sells
him
to
the
Emperour
.
He
is
released
;
he
recalls
his
Queen
,
is
Crowned
,
and
expels
the
French
out
of
Normandy
.
Iohn
aspireth
and
is
pardoned
.
The
Bishop
of
Beuvoye
taken
,
and
his
Arms
sent
by
the
King
to
the
Pope
,
with
these
words
of
Iacob's
son●…
,
See
if
this
be
thy
sons
coat
or
not
.
The
French
King
is
thrice
beaten
.
The
King
is
slain
by
a
poysoned
Arrow
.
His
brother
Iohn
succeeded
17
yeers
.
The
King
of
Scotland
payeth
the
rest
of
his
ransom
,
and
sends
his
brother
David
into
Syria
.
The
Church
of
Scotland
exempted
by
the
Pope
from
the
jurisdiction
of
York
.
David
is
taken
by
the
Egyptians
,
and
redeemed
by
the
Venetians
.
He
returns
,
and
builds
the
Church
of
Dundee
,
with
some
Monasteries
.
He
with
the
King
visit
King
Richard
,
and
present
him
with
2000
Marks
.
The
King
puts
out
the
eys
of
Harold
Earl
of
Catness
,
then
hangeth
him
,
and
geldeth
all
his
male-children
,
because
the
Earl
had
deprived
the
Bishop
of
his
eys
and
tongue
.
In
the
Church
,
Clement
the
third
sitteth
.
He
ayded
Tancred
against
Henry
.
Celestine
the
third
succeeded
6
yeers
:
he
gets
Tusculum
from
the
Emperour
:
he
makes
Viterbium
a
Bishoprick
:
by
his
Legat
into
Germany
,
he
solicites
for
a
new
expedition
into
Syria
.
Innocent
the
third
succeeded
18
yeers
:
he
resisteth
Philip
the
Emperours
Election
.
Two
Synods
held
this
Decad.
The
Jews
in
a
Castle
in
York-shire
kill
themselves
.
S.
Dominic
of
Spain
instituted
the
Iacobit
or
Predicant
Fryers
.
In
the
East
,
Thrace
is
wasted
by
the
Persians
.
Isaac
is
restored
by
the
Latin
Princes
.
Alexius
fleeth
.
Isaac
and
his
son
are
slain
by
Alexius
Ducas
.
The
Latins
take
Constantinople
,
of
Valachians
.
Theodorus
Lascaris
makes
Adrianople
his
seat
;
who
kills
the
Sultan
,
and
takes
Alexius
.
Henry
aideth
Lascaris
against
David
and
Alexius
Comnenus
.
The
Tartars
sit
down
in
the
Fens
of
Maeotis
.
The
Pope
takes
the
titulary
kingdom
of
Ierusalem
from
Almericus
King
of
Cyprus
,
and
gives
it
to
Iohn
Bren
a
French
Earl
,
who
marrieth
the
Marquess
of
Monferrat's
daughter
.
In
the
West
,
Philip
seiseth
upon
high
Germany
:
he
is
excommunicated
by
the
Pope
.
Philip
is
Crowned
again
at
Acon
,
by
the
Bishop
of
Colen
;
whom
therefore
the
Pope
excommunicateth
,
and
placeth
another
Bishop
.
Philip
besiegeth
Colen
,
and
takes
it
.
Otho
flees
into
England
,
and
then
compounds
with
Philip
to
succeed
him
.
Philip
is
slain
by
Otho
the
Palsgrave
,
who
is
therfore
proscribed
.
To
Philip
succeeds
Otho
,
and
is
Crowned
at
Rome
,
and
expelled
thence
.
He
takes
Acona
from
the
Pope
by
force
,
with
Apulia
and
Calabria
from
Frederick
Duke
of
Suevia
.
There
is
long
war
with
the
King
of
Arragon
and
Raymund
Earl
of
Tholose
,
for
favouring
the
Albingenses
.
Philip
of
France
recovers
Normandy
,
having
been
out
of
the
French
possession
316
yeers
:
he
helpeth
Arthur
against
King
Iohn
,
and
puts
him
out
of
his
possessions
in
France
.
Peace
made
between
Arragon
and
Navarr
.
In
Poland
,
great
contestation
between
Lescus
and
Miceslaus
about
the
kingdom
.
Lescus
is
three
times
deposed
and
restored
.
The
Polanders
are
beaten
out
of
Russia
,
and
so
are
the
Hungarians
.
Lubeck
yieldeth
to
the
Danes
;
it
is
burnt
:
the
King
forgives
the
people
their
taxes
,
to
rebuild
it
.
The
Venetians
obtain
Crete
and
the
Aegaean
Islands
,
at
the
taking
of
Constantinople
:
they
are
assisted
by
the
Western
Princes
to
recover
Istria
.
Crete
is
taken
by
the
Genoans
,
and
retaken
by
the
Venetians
.
The
Earl
of
Flanders
excommunicated
by
the
Pope
,
for
helping
Venice
against
Hungary
.
The
Earl
of
Holland
,
and
Earl
of
Gelders
,
war
against
the
Duke
of
Brabant
,
and
Bishop
of
Utricht
.
William
Earl
of
Holland
and
Friesland
goeth
into
Scotland
to
claim
the
kingdom
.
In
his
absence
,
Count
Leos
invadeth
Holland
;
who
fleeth
upon
the
Earls
return
.
In
England
,
King
Iohn
seiseth
the
Archbishop
of
Yorks
temporalties
.
The
Barons
refuse
to
aid
King
Iohn
:
he
makes
his
Peace
with
the
Scots
by
marriages
:
he
takes
Mount-Alban
in
France
.
Peace
for
two
yeers
.
The
Pope
interdicteth
England
,
and
excommunicates
the
King
:
he
takes
homage
of
Wales
,
and
mony
of
the
Jews
.
King
William
of
Scotland
refuseth
to
aid
King
Iohn
against
the
French.
The
Pope
sends
him
a
rich
Sword
and
Helmet
,
with
the
title
of
Defender
of
the
Faith.
King
Iohn's
Castle
at
Barwick
rased
by
King
William
:
he
erecteth
the
Bishoprick
of
Argile
.
Iohn
King
Williams
youngest
son
,
with
fourteen
more
,
drowned
by
an
inundation
at
Bertha
.
The
King
builds
Perth
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Innocent
sits
.
He
sets
out
his
Decretals
.
He
excommunicates
Philip
the
Emperour
,
and
Raymond
Earl
of
Tholose
.
Two
Councils
held
this
Decad.
The
Hereticks
Almaricans
,
under
shew
of
Chastity
,
committed
all
Uncleanness
.
The
Greek
Churches
receive
the
Latin
Ceremonies
.
The
Order
of
women
called
Begines
from
Bege
the
Foundress
.
Saint
Francis
,
Author
of
the
Franciscans
,
or
Fryars
minors
.
In
the
East
,
Peter
of
Constantinople
is
Crowned
at
Rome
,
and
in
his
return
imprisoned
by
Lascaris
;
Rome
.
Philip
the
French
King
obtains
England
of
the
Pope
.
He
warreth
against
the
Earl
of
Flanders
,
for
not
ayding
him
against
King
Iohn
of
England
;
and
is
defeated
at
Scluse
.
Simon
Earl
of
Montfort
in
battail
kills
the
Earl
of
Tholose
,
and
Peter
King
of
Arragon
.
The
French
beat
the
English
and
Flemings
at
the
battail
of
Bovines
.
The
King
of
Castile
winneth
Calatrava
.
The
battail
of
Maradel
,
in
which
two
hundred
thousand
Moores
are
slain
,
and
many
places
recovered
in
Spain
.
Henry
King
of
Castile
,
as
he
was
at
play
,
was
slain
with
a
Tile
.
Ferdinand
succeeded
,
in
whom
Leon
and
Castile
are
perpetually
united
.
Poland
appoints
a
Governour
for
Pomerania
,
and
takes
a
hundred
Marks
yeerly
thence
.
Marryed
Priests
forced
to
leave
their
wives
,
in
Poland
.
In
Hungary
,
the
Queen
is
murthered
by
Count
Peter
.
The
Danes
take
Stetin
in
Pomerania
,
and
overcome
the
Livonians
.
King
Iohn
of
England
subdueth
the
Rebels
in
Ireland
.
London
is
appointed
to
be
governed
by
a
Major
and
two
Sheriffs
.
The
King
resignes
his
kingdom
to
the
Pope
.
Hence
the
French
are
forbid
to
invade
England
.
The
English
and
Flemings
take
300
ships
from
Philip
at
the
Sluce
.
The
Barons
rebel
,
and
are
excommunicated
.
The
King
subdues
them
by
the
help
of
the
Flemings
,
Lewis
of
France
is
called
in
by
the
Barons
.
The
King
poysoned
by
a
Monk.
His
son
Henry
the
third
succeeded
56
yeers
.
Lewis
is
forced
to
abjure
the
Land
,
and
to
restore
Normandy
and
Poictou
.
Alexander
of
Scotland
aideth
Lewis
,
and
takes
Carlile
.
A
Peace
is
made
:
Alexander
restoreth
Carlile
;
and
Henry
,
Berwick
.
In
the
Church
,
Innocent
sits
yet
,
who
excommunicates
Philip
the
Emperour
three
times
.
To
him
succeeded
Honorius
the
third
10
yeers
:
he
made
Iohn
de
Columna
General
of
the
Syrian
wars
.
This
Decad
produced
two
Councils
;
one
at
Rome
,
for
the
deposing
of
Otho
;
the
other
was
the
Lateran
,
of
400
Bishops
,
against
the
Albigenses
.
Pope
Innocent
instituted
the
Order
of
the
Holy
Trinity
,
for
the
redeeming
of
Captives
.
The
word
Transubstantiation
,
first
used
in
this
Lateran
Council
.
The
Feast
called
Triumphus
Crucis
,
was
instituted
in
Spain
,
in
remembrance
of
a
great
victory
over
the
Moors
.
The
Order
of
poor
women
instituted
by
S.
Francis
and
S.
Clare
.
In
the
East
,
Robert
of
Constantinople
cuts
off
his
wifes
nose
,
and
slings
her
mother
into
the
Sea
:
he
loseth
many
Towns.
To
him
,
succeeded
Baldwin
the
second
34
yeers
:
whose
tuition
was
undertaken
by
Iohn
Bren
K
,
of
Ierusalem
.
In
Adrianople
,
to
Lascaris
succeeded
Iohn
Ducas
Theodorus
Angelus
taketh
Thessalonica
,
and
makes
himself
K.
there
:
he
is
taken
and
exoculated
by
the
Bulgarians
.
Ducas
takes
divers
Islands
in
the
Aegaean
Sea.
The
Christians
that
besieged
Cayre
,
are
forced
by
the
overflowing
of
Nilus
,
to
rise
thence
,
and
to
restore
Damiata
.
Palestina
is
recovered
by
Frederick
the
Emp.
He
makes
a
Peace
with
the
Sultan
for
10
yeers
,
against
the
Popes
will
:
●…e
is
crowned
at
Ierusalem
,
and
makes
Raynold
D.
of
Bavaria
his
Lieut.
of
Syria
.
In
the
West
,
Frederick
expelleth
the
Saracens
out
of
Sicily
,
and
punisheth
Pope
Innocents
two
brethren
:
he
renews
a
League
with
France
.
The
Bish.
of
Colen
murthered
by
Count
Isenberg
;
for
which
he
was
broken
on
the
wheel
.
Lombardy
rebelleth
by
the
Popes
instigation
,
who
excommunicates
the
Emp.
for
feigning
himself
sick
in
his
Syrian
expedition
:
the
Emp.
goeth
notwithstanding
,
and
the
Pope
is
angry
thereat
:
having
recovered
Ierusalem
,
he
is
forced
to
return
;
to
recover
his
own
right
at
home
.
Avergne
is
forfeited
to
the
Crown
of
France
.
The
French
K.
dieth
,
and
by
his
will
bequeatheth
60000
Crowns
to
the
Syrian
wars
.
His
son
Lewis
the
8
succeeded
3
yeers
:
he
compoundeth
for
Languedoc
with
Simon
Montforts
heir
:
his
son
S.
Lewis
succeeded
46
yeers
:
his
mother
is
Regent
;
which
place
is
usurped
by
his
unkle
Philip
,
whom
the
Barons
assisted
,
and
the
D.
of
Britain
;
who
are
beaten
by
the
Q.
Army
.
The
Moors
lose
much
in
Adalusia
.
and
Majorca
also
.
The
K.
of
Sevil
is
made
tributary
to
Castile
.
In
Poland
,
the
Teutonicks
being
driven
out
of
Syria
,
have
possessions
allotted
them
by
Conrade
the
Kings
uncle
,
to
defend
his
Lands
against
the
Prussians
.
The
K.
is
murthered
by
Suentoplucus
Governour
of
Pomerania
,
who
makes
himself
Pr.
thereof
.
Boleslaus
is
K.
51
yeers
.
Conrade
puts
the
K.
and
his
mother
into
a
Monastery
.
The
K.
of
Denmark
is
ransomed
,
with
his
son
.
Lubeck
revolteth
from
the
Danes
.
The
Dithmarks
,
who
had
revolted
to
Holst
,
submit
to
the
K.
Wenceslaus
the
K.
of
Bohemia's
son
wasteth
Austria
.
Candia
revolts
from
the
Venetians
,
who
recover
it
again
.
The
rebels
there
kill
Rayner
their
Governour
.
The
Venetians
being
beaten
by
the
Greeks
,
make
Peace
with
them
.
Many
people
perish
in
Frisia
by
inundations
.
The
Bish.
of
Utricht
is
taken
by
his
vassals
,
and
beheaded
.
Ferdinand
of
Flanders
takes
Henry
D.
of
Brabant
prisoner
.
In
England
,
four
yeers
Truce
is
made
with
France
.
Some
rebellions
in
Wales
and
Lincoln-shire
,
and
a
Sedition
in
London
.
Lewis
of
France
takes
Rochel
from
the
English.
The
Gascoins
rebel
,
and
are
reduced
by
Rich.
E.
of
Cornwal
.
The
kings
brother
sideth
with
the
Barons
against
the
K.
he
makes
a
dishonourable
Peace
with
the
rebellious
Welch
.
In
Scotland
,
the
Bish.
of
Catness
is
burnt
in
his
house
by
the
people
for
exaction
.
Ennerness
taken
by
the
rebels
.
Upon
the
death
of
Alan
of
Galloway
,
high-Constable
,
his
possessions
are
invaded
by
his
base
son
,
which
caused
great
troubles
.
In
the
Church
,
Honorius
sits
yet
;
he
leagueth
with
Lombardy
against
the
Emp.
To
him
succeeded
Gregory
the
ninth
14
yeers
:
he
excommunicates
the
Romans
,
for
expelling
him
:
he
instigates
Iohn
Bren
to
invade
Sicily
.
By
the
overflowing
of
Tyber
,
7000
people
are
drowned
.
Three
Synods
held
this
Decad.
The
Gray
Fryers
about
this
time
appear
in
England
.
The
Pope
demandeth
two
Prebends
in
every
Bishoprick
,
which
K.
Iohn
denyeth
.
In
the
East
,
Iohn
Bren
sends
Baldwin
of
Constantinople
for
aid
against
the
Greeks
.
Theodorus
Angelus
loseth
his
eys
by
the
Bulgarians
.
The
Latins
being
besieged
in
Constantinople
,
are
relieved
Cleve
.
William
the
second
succeeded
Earl
of
Holland
20
yeers
.
In
England
,
the
K.
makes
a
League
with
the
D.
of
Britain
:
he
subdues
the
Irish.
The
E.
of
Kent
imprisoned
.
Pembroke
and
others
rebel
.
The
Welch
invade
England
.
The
Pope
is
denied
aid
.
The
K.
reconciled
to
the
Earl
of
Kent
.
The
B.
of
Winchester
causeth
great
troubles
.
The
Welch
Prince
submits
to
England
.
The
E.
of
Kent
degraded
.
A
traitor
drawn
in
pieces
for
attempting
to
kill
the
K.
The
Popes
Legats
brother
is
killed
by
the
Oxford-Scholars
.
The
Scots
make
peace
with
the
English.
The
Popes
Legat
is
denied
entrance
into
Scotland
,
by
K.
Alexander
.
In
the
Church
:
Gregory
sits
yet
:
he
raiseth
Italy
against
the
Emp.
for
denying
to
restore
Sardinia
.
This
Decad
affordeth
two
Synods
.
Prussia
receiveth
the
Faith.
The
King
of
England
erecteth
the
house
of
Converts
,
now
the
Rolls
.
The
Greek
Church
falls
off
from
the
Pope
.
In
the
East
,
Will.
of
Verona
is
made
King
of
Thessalonica
by
Baldwin
.
Ducas
of
Adrianople
grew
so
rich
with
selling
of
eggs
to
the
Turks
in
a
famine
,
that
he
made
a
Crown
of
the
profits
Castile
.
Poland
is
wasted
by
the
Tartars
and
Civil
Wars
.
Hungary
is
wasted
by
the
Cumans
.
The
K.
fleeth
to
Frederic
Duke
of
Austria
,
to
whom
he
pawns
three
Provinces
:
but
by
the
aid
of
the
Knights
of
Rhodes
,
he
recovers
his
kingdom
.
Civil
wars
in
Denmark
,
between
K.
Ericus
and
his
brothers
.
A
peace
concluded
.
Ottocar
K.
of
Bohemia
,
to
enlarge
his
kingdom
,
buyeth
Carintha
and
other
places
adjacent
,
towards
the
Adriatick
Sea.
Apulia
is
taken
by
the
Venetians
.
Margaret
of
Flanders
hath
two
sons
,
by
two
husbands
,
both
which
claim
the
Earldom
.
The
French
K.
and
Pope
order
,
that
to
her
William
her
younger
son
should
succeed
in
Flanders
,
and
Iohn
the
elder
should
have
Henalt
.
William
goeth
into
Syria
:
Iohn
invadeth
Henalt
,
and
forceth
his
mother
to
buy
her
peace
in
England
;
banisheth
the
Italian
usurers
,
and
sends
away
the
Popes
Legat
:
he
is
forced
to
return
from
Poictou
dishonorably
.
Griffeth
Prince
of
Wales
broke
his
neck
from
the
Tower.
The
Welch
invade
England
.
The
King
sells
his
Plate
and
Jewels
to
the
Londoners
for
want
of
money
,
and
stampeth
a
new
Coin
called
sterling-money
.
In
Scotland
,
Argile
rebelleth
,
and
is
overcome
and
pardoned
.
In
the
Church
:
Coelestine
the
fourth
sate
17
days
.
To
him
succeeded
Innocent
the
fourth
11
yeers
:
he
excommunicates
the
Emperour
,
makes
ten
Cardinals
,
and
gives
them
red
hats
:
he
deposeth
Frederick
;
and
demands
the
fifth
of
Benefices
through
Europe
:
he
aideth
Henry
with
money
against
Frederick
.
Two
Synods
this
Decad.
At
Lyons
,
the
Pope
accuseth
the
Emperour
of
heresie
;
and
he
the
Pope
of
exactions
.
The
Cham
of
Tartary
converted
.
Pet.
de
Vineis
loseth
his
eyes
for
accusing
the
Pope
,
being
hired
thereto
by
the
Emperour
;
and
dasheth
out
his
own
brains
.
In
the
East
,
Baldwyn
despairing
to
hold
Constant
,
goeth
into
Italy
to
Frederick
,
with
the
treasure
which
he
took
out
of
the
Temple
.
Ducas
Emperour
of
Adrianople
,
makes
Michael
Theodorus
Ducas
,
or
Lascaris
the
yonger
,
4
yeers
.
He
forceth
Michael
and
the
Bulgarians
to
submit
.
Michael
Paleologus
sideth
with
the
Turks
;
is
called
home
,
and
made
high-Constable
.
To
Theodorus
succeeded
his
son
Iohn
Ducas
,
6
yeers
old
.
His
Tutor
was
Michael
Paleologus
,
and
then
Emperour
,
conditionally
to
resigne
when
Iohn
was
24
yeers
of
age
.
Damiata
restored
upon
the
restitution
of
the
French
King.
Sidon
taken
by
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
,
and
recovered
by
Lewis
,
who
returns
into
France
.
Bela
King
of
Hungary
sends
Forces
into
Syria
.
The
Tartars
subdue
Mesopotamia
for
the
Christians
:
they
take
also
Babylon
and
Aleppo
,
and
subdue
Syria
.
In
the
West
,
Frederick
the
Emperour
dieth
.
The
Empirestood
long
void
.
Conrad
his
son
,
murthereth
his
brother
Henry
;
spoileth
Naples
and
Capua
:
he
is
poisoned
by
Manfred
his
bastard-brother
.
Richard
Earl
of
Cornwal
,
and
Alphonsus
King
of
Castile
,
in
competition
for
the
Empire
.
Iohn
Earl
of
Britain
is
the
first
Duke
thereof
.
King
Lewis
gives
Gwyen
to
King
Henry
,
conditionally
he
renounce
his
interest
to
all
other
lands
in
France
.
At
this
time
lived
the
great
Astronomer
Alphonsus
the
tenth
,
King
of
Leon
and
Castile
.
Theobald
of
Navar
becomes
vassal
to
Castile
;
who
expels
five
Moorish
Kings
out
of
Spain
.
Alphonsus
elected
Emperour
;
but
he
neglects
it
.
The
Duke
of
Lituanid
becometh
apostate
.
The
King
of
Hungary
invades
Austria
and
kills
Frederick
in
battel
.
In
Denmark
,
Abel
the
King's
brother
causeth
the
King
to
be
beheaded
and
cast
into
the
Sea
:
he
succeeds
King
;
is
defeated
by
his
subjects
,
and
slain
by
the
Frisians
.
The
Bohemians
convert
Prussia
.
The
Venetians
take
Padua
.
Venice
taken
by
the
Genoeses
,
and
are
expelled
.
The
Dean
of
S.
Marks
priviledged
by
the
Pope
to
wear
a
Mitre
and
Crosier-staff
,
at
solemn
times
:
they
quarrel
with
the
Genoans
about
a
Church
in
Acon
.
William
of
Flanders
returns
from
Syria
,
and
is
killed
in
a
Turnament
.
Margaret
loseth
Nemours
:
she
is
fain
to
part
with
Henault
to
her
son
Iohn
who
dieth
.
Margaret's
sons
are
taken
;
and
released
,
conditionally
that
she
bestow
her
daughter
Beatrice
on
Floris
Earl
of
Holland
,
and
should
have
for
her
Dowry
the
Islands
of
Zealand
.
The
Earl
of
Holland
is
crowned
at
Aken
:
he
builds
the
Palace
at
the
Hague
:
he
helps
Iohn
against
Margaret
of
Flanders
:
he
is
wounded
at
Utricht
,
and
is
slain
by
the
Frisians
.
His
son
Floris
the
fifth
succeeded
young
:
his
Protector
Floris
is
slain
.
Henry
Duke
of
Brabant
made
Protector
,
and
is
expelled
.
The
Nobles
chuse
Otho
;
but
the
people
,
Alice
the
Countess
.
Henry
the
third
of
England
exacteth
money
of
the
Jews
:
he
confirmeth
Magna
Charta
and
reduceth
Aquitain
:
his
son
Edmund
invested
in
Sicily
by
a
Ring
which
the
Pope
sent
:
his
eldest
son
made
first
Prince
of
Wales
,
and
Governour
of
Ireland
and
Aquitain
.
Richard
the
King's
brother
chosen
Emperour
:
he
is
forced
to
swear
the
expulsion
of
strangers
.
The
Pope
dispenseth
with
his
Oath
.
He
resignes
Normandy
.
Mayne
and
Anjou
for
money
.
Alexander
the
third
of
Scotland
marrieth
King
Henry's
daughter
of
England
:
he
is
oppressed
by
the
Commons
,
and
carried
to
Sterling
.
They
restore
him
,
and
are
pardoned
:
the
chief
of
their
faction
,
Menteith
,
is
poisoned
by
his
wife
.
Alexander
is
by
King
Henry
made
Earl
of
Huntingdon
.
In
the
Church
:
Innocent
sits
yet
:
he
proferred
Sicily
to
Richard
Earl
of
Cornwal
.
Alexander
the
fourth
succeedeth
6
yeers
:
he
takes
divers
places
from
Ecceline
of
Padua
:
against
whom
,
Lombardy
ariseth
in
Arms.
The
Pope
,
upon
a
sedition
of
the
Romanes
,
fleeth
to
Viterbium
.
The
Pontificians
are
driven
out
of
Apulia
by
Manfred
,
who
poisoned
Conrad
of
Sicily
,
and
got
himself
to
be
crowned
.
In
this
Decad
there
was
but
one
Council
held
,
at
Uratislavia
in
Poland
;
where
the
Pope
demands
the
fifth
part
of
all
Benefices
for
three
yeers
.
About
this
time
the
Bible
was
distinguished
into
Chapters
,
and
the
Aera
of
Alphonsus
begins
.
Robert
Sorbonius
erecteth
the
Sorbonists
Coliedge
at
Paris
.
The
Books
of
W.
de
S.
A●…ore
,
written
against
the
Mendicants
burnt
by
the
Pope
.
The
Carthusians
renounce
flesh-eating
.
Richard
Earl
of
Cornwal
sets
the
Order
of
Saccatori
,
or
Bon
hommes
.
In
the
East
,
the
Greeks
set
up
forts
against
Constantine
;
which
are
taken
by
Alexius
Strategopulus
.
France
.
Michael
puts
out
the
eyes
of
the
young
Emperor
.
Thrace
invaded
by
the
Turks
and
Bulgarians
.
The
Tartars
expelled
out
of
Syria
by
the
Sultan
of
Egypt
.
Tyre
taken
by
the
Venctians
.
Hugh
Lusignan
,
Viceroy
of
Naples
,
arrvies
at
Acon
besieged
by
the
Sultan
,
who
kills
500
Citizens
:
he
takes
also
Ioppa
and
Antioch
,
to
the
loss
of
many
Christians
.
Lusignan
is
crowned
at
Acon
.
Prince
Edw.
returns
from
Syria
into
Sicily
,
where
he
is
wounded
by
an
Infidel
.
In
the
West
,
a
sedition
at
Colen
;
the
B.
is
imprisoned
by
the
E.
of
Iuliers
.
Charles
K.
of
Sicily
made
Vicar
of
the
Empire
.
Ottocar
K.
of
Bohemia
refuseth
to
be
Emperour
.
Rodulph
Earl
of
Habspurg
chosen
17
yeers
:
he
refuseth
to
go
into
Italy
.
Florence
is
taken
by
Manfred
of
Sicily
,
who
expels
the
Guelphs
.
Charles
the
French
Kings
brother
is
made
K.
of
Sicily
and
Ierusalem
at
Rome
,
for
a
tribute
of
40000
crowns
:
he
kills
Manfred
,
and
beheadeth
Conradin
D.
of
Austria
,
and
the
Marq.
Baden
.
K.
Lewis
of
France
takes
Carthage
from
the
Moors
,
and
besiegeth
Tunis
:
his
Army
weakned
by
the
Plague
.
The
African
Moors
invade
Castile
:
peace
between
them
.
Alphonso
is
molested
by
his
Nobles
for
releasing
the
homage
of
Portugal
.
The
Russians
are
defeated
by
the
Palatine
of
Cracovia
.
The
E.
of
Cracovia's
wife
delivered
of
36
boys
at
a
birth
.
The
K.
of
Denmark
and
his
mother
taken
in
battel
by
the
Duke
of
Holst
.
Albert
D.
of
Luneburg
made
tutor
to
the
K.
He
is
expelled
by
the
people
,
and
the
Land
interdicted
by
the
Pope
.
The
K.
of
Bohemia
finding
his
wife
barren
,
begets
his
maid
with
childe
,
upon
his
wives
permission
,
whom
he
at
last
divorceth
.
The
Genuans
take
Can●…a
in
Candy
,
and
a
rich
ship
from
the
Venetians
,
who
send
another
Fleet
into
Acon
.
In
England
,
the
Barons
rise
against
the
King
,
who
takes
London-tower
,
with
Dover
and
Rochester-Castles
.
Oxford
Acts
made
void
.
Great
Civil
wars
between
the
K.
and
his
Barons
:
he
is
taken
,
with
his
brother
Richard.
Leicester
is
slain
.
500
Jews
killed
at
London
.
Divers
Bishops
excommunicated
by
the
Pope
for
siding
with
Leicester
.
London
taken
by
Gloucester
.
The
Prince
of
Wales
reconciled
to
the
King.
Alan
de
la
Zouch
killed
.
Aquin
of
Norway
expelled
out
of
the
Isles
by
the
K.
of
Scotland
.
Olaus
,
Aquin's
successor
,
quits
his
claim
for
a
sum
of
4000
marks
,
and
100
marks
yeerly
.
In
the
Church
;
Urban
4
sate
3
yeers
:
he
excommunicated
Manfred
,
and
instituted
the
feast
of
Corpus
Christi
,
by
Tho.
Aquinas
his
perswasion
.
Clement
4
succeeded
3
yeers
.
This
Decad
were
held
five
Councils
.
The
whipping
sect
now
begin
.
The
Order
of
redemption
of
Captives
instituted
.
The
Lituanians
fall
off
from
Christ
,
and
persecute
his
members
.
An
hundred
thousand
Albigenses
defeated
by
eight
thousand
Catholickes
,
under
Simon
Earl
of
Montfort
.
S.
Austin's
Eremites
are
reduced
to
one
habit
.
In
the
East
,
the
Emp.
Michael
acklowledgeth
the
Pope's
Supremacie
in
the
Council
of
Lyons
,
Asia
minor
by
the
Turks
.
Michael
dieth
,
and
is
dishonourably
buried
.
The
Pyrates
come
to
the
Ports
of
Constant.
Acon
is
again
besieged
by
the
Sultan
.
Hugh
concludes
a
peace
with
him
.
Henry
Prince
of
Meckleburg
is
imprisoned
26
yeers
at
Caire
,
and
then
returns
home
.
Charles
of
Sicily
claims
title
to
Ierusalem
from
Maria
Dominilla
a
pretender
:
his
Viceroy
is
received
by
the
Templers
.
The
Hospitallers
waste
the
Saracens
Country
and
take
from
them
Margath
Castle
;
which
they
besiege
,
and
are
beaten
off
.
The
Sultan
of
Babylon
defeated
by
the
Tartars
and
Armenians
.
In
the
West
,
the
Emp.
taketh
Austria
,
and
besiegeth
Vienna
.
Ottacar
not
able
to
relieve
it
,
submitteth
,
and
rebelleth
again
.
The
Emp.
bestows
the
Exarchat
and
Hetruria
on
the
Pope
,
to
maintain
the
Syrian
war.
Ottacar
,
with
14000
Bohemians
,
cut
off
by
the
Emp.
who
bestows
on
Wenceslaus
his
daughter
&
the
kingdom
.
In
France
,
Philip
3.
reigneth
15
yeers
:
his
Q.
dieth
at
Tunis
:
his
son
Lewis
is
poysoned
by
Peter
la
Broch
:
the
Q.
is
suspected
,
and
poysoned
with
her
son
.
Peter
of
Arragon
drowneth
his
brother
by
the
advice
of
his
father
.
Henry
of
Navar
being
dead
,
the
government
of
that
Kingdom
is
undertaken
by
Philip
of
France
,
in
right
of
his
son
,
who
had
married
the
Infanta
.
Peter
3
of
Arragon
is
K.
of
Sicily
,
in
right
of
his
wife
.
His
brother
Iames
made
king
of
Majorca
and
Minorca
.
Steven
5
of
Hungary
recovereth
Buda
from
Ottocar
,
and
subdueth
the
Bulgarians
.
Ladislaus
his
successor
kills
Ottacar
in
battel
,
in
defence
of
the
Emperor
.
Dansk
,
which
was
morgaged
to
the
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
is
recovered
by
the
king
of
Poland
;
who
defeated
the
rebels
that
conspired
his
death
,
for
naming
Lesco
his
successor
without
the
peoples
consent
.
Poland
troubled
with
the
Prussians
and
Lituanians
.
In
Denmark
there
is
war
with
the
D.
of
Sleswick
.
Olaus
Magnus
of
Norway
inhibits
trading
with
strangers
in
his
Country
,
till
his
Ports
were
shut
up
by
their
shipping
.
The
king
of
Suevia
being
overcome
by
Magnus
his
brother
,
and
the
Danes
,
resignes
up
his
Crown
.
Ottacar
of
Rohemia
being
disgraced
by
the
Emperour
,
rebelleth
,
and
is
slain
.
Venice
is
distressed
by
the
Genuans
and
Paduans
:
a
peace
with
them
for
5
yeers
:
and
they
renew
their
League
with
the
Greeks
.
The
Istrians
revolt
,
and
are
subdued
.
The
Ancomans
incense
the
Pope
against
Venice
.
Troubles
between
Flanders
and
England
;
between
Flanders
and
Liege
.
Margaret
Countess
of
Henneburg
in
Holland
,
died
:
she
had
at
one
birth
365
children
,
baptized
by
the
Bishop
of
Utricht
.
In
England
,
Edw.
1.
reigneth
34
yeers
:
he
finished
the
Church
of
Westminster
.
Leolin
Prince
of
Wales
refuseth
to
be
present
at
his
Coronation
;
against
whom
the
king
marcheth
,
and
forceth
him
to
submit
.
The
King
of
Scots
sendeth
men
and
money
into
Syria
:
he
,
with
his
Q.
are
present
at
K.
Edward's
Coronation
.
Ferquard
made
Earl
of
Ross
,
for
overthrowing
a
strong
bragging
Norman
in
the
English
Court.
In
the
Church
:
Gregory
10
sits
4
yeers
.
He
interdicteth
the
Florentines
for
banishing
thence
the
Gibelliues
.
To
him
succeeded
Innocent
5.
five
months
:
then
Adrian
5.
one
month
:
then
Iohn
20.
eight
months
.
He
was
killed
by
the
fall
of
a
room
at
Viterbium
.
Nicholas
3
succeeded
3
yeers
:
he
alters
the
Government
of
Rome
,
and
takes
from
Charles
the
title
of
Vicar
of
the
Empire
.
One
Synod
held
this
Decad.
At
Saltzhurg
,
the
Order
of
Celestines
founded
by
Peter
de
Murcone
.
Michael
the
Greek
Emperour
despised
at
home
,
for
acknowledging
the
Pope
.
At
Lyons
,
in
that
Synod
the
Conclave
is
erected
,
and
geniculation
at
the
naming
of
JESUS
,
and
the
tenths
of
Benefices
granted
towards
the
holy
war.
In
the
East
,
Andronicus
the
Emperor
imprisoneth
his
brother
Iohn
for
his
popularity
.
Asia
minor
Tartary
.
Iohn
,
son
to
Hugh
K.
of
Ierusalem
,
succeedeth
in
Cyprus
:
then
Henry
,
who
is
crowned
at
Tyre
.
Tripolis
taken
,
with
the
loss
of
7000
Christians
.
Henry
and
the
Sultan
make
peace
.
In
the
West
,
the
Switzers
,
hitherto
subject
to
Savoy
,
are
subdued
by
the
Emperour
,
who
enlargeth
the
priviledges
of
Luca
and
Florence
for
money
:
he
demolisheth
60
Castles
in
Thuring
,
which
harboured
thieves
.
Peter
of
Arragon
,
who
married
Manfred's
daughter
,
is
called
in
by
the
Sicilians
,
who
kill
all
the
French
in
two
hours
,
when
the
bell
rung
to
the
Vespers
.
Peter's
General
defeats
Charles
his
Fleet.
Charles
recovereth
Naples
;
where
the
French
are
beaten
by
Iames
,
Peter's
son
.
Wars
between
France
and
Arragon
;
in
which
Peter
dieth
of
a
wound
.
Philip
the
fourth
raigns
in
France
28
yeers
.
Peter
of
Arragon
dieth
;
whose
two
sons
succeeded
;
to
wit
,
Iames
in
Sicily
,
and
Alphonsus
in
Arragon
,
who
took
Majorca
from
Iames.
The
Moors
expelled
Minorca
.
Great
troubles
in
Castile
.
Lescus
the
Polonian
spoileth
Russia
,
and
expels
the
Lituanians
out
of
Poland
.
Lescus
forced
by
his
people
into
Hungary
;
who
returns
,
and
expels
his
competitor
Conrad
.
The
Tartars
carry
away
out
of
Poland
twenty
thousand
Virgins
.
Great
troubles
there
,
between
Lescus
and
Conrad
,
and
their
brothers
.
Ladislaus
of
Hungary
defeateth
Oldamire
King
of
the
Cumanians
;
who
return
with
the
Tartars
,
and
spoil
Hungary
and
kill
the
King
,
whom
the
Pope
a
little
before
had
cursed
for
his
Concubines
.
Ericus
King
of
Denmark
killed
with
56
wounds
:
the
Rebels
flee
to
Norway
.
The
Norwegians
and
banished
Lords
invade
Denmark
.
The
Venetians
make
war
upon
the
Patriarch
of
Aquileia
for
helping
the
Istrians
.
The
Pope
makes
peace
between
them
.
In
Flanders
,
there
is
a
rebellion
at
Bruges
.
War
between
Brabant
and
Guelders
,
about
the
Earldom
of
Nemours
.
Floris
of
Holland
subdueth
the
Frisians
,
and
transports
his
fathers
bones
thence
to
Middleburg
.
Many
people
perish
in
Frisia
by
Inundations
.
In
England
,
Leolin
of
Wales
is
slain
,
and
his
head
set
upon
the
Tower
:
his
brother
David
hanged
and
quartered
.
King
Edward
sits
as
a
Peer
in
the
French
Parliament
:
he
ransoms
Charles
king
of
Sicily's
son
:
he
makes
the
competitors
of
Scotland
swear
to
stand
to
his
arbitration
.
The
Scots
king
dieth
without
issue
,
being
slain
with
a
fall
from
his
horse
.
Six
Governours
appointed
.
Great
troubles
between
Bruce
and
Baliol
about
the
Crown
.
In
the
Church
,
sate
Martin
the
fourth
,
4
yeers
:
he
excommunicates
and
deposeth
Peter
of
Arragon
,
and
bestows
it
on
Charles
Valois
the
French
king's
youngest
son
.
Honorius
the
fifth
succeeds
2
yeers
:
he
is
opposed
by
the
Germans
in
a
tax
.
Nicholas
the
fourth
succeeded
4
yeers
.
This
Decad
yeeldeth
four
Synods
.
Seven
rich
Merchants
of
Florence
instituted
the
Order
of
servants
of
Mary
.
The
Order
of
Chaplains
also
and
Anchorites
set
up
.
The
Pope
excommunicates
the
Greek
Emperour
,
for
breaking
his
promise
made
at
Lyons
.
At
Wesel
,
the
Jews
crucifie
a
young
man.
In
the
East
,
the
Turks
invade
the
Empire
.
Michael
Strategoplus
imprisoned
by
Andronicus
.
Turk
.
Ronzerius
a
Pirate
made
Cesar
:
he
oppresseth
Asia
,
and
is
slain
by
the
Army
of
Michael
the
young
Emperour
.
The
Saracens
take
Syria
,
after
192
yeers
possession
by
the
Christians
,
since
Godfrey
recovered
Ierusalem
.
Thirty
thousand
Saracens
killed
by
Cassan
the
Cham
,
who
recovers
Damascus
;
but
loseth
all
again
,
being
called
home
by
domestick
troubles
.
Ottoman
the
first
,
son
to
Erthogul
,
takes
the
title
of
Sultan
.
In
the
West
,
Wenceslaus
king
of
Bohemia
is
confirmed
in
the
Electorate
,
and
chief
Imperial
Butlership
.
Adolph
Earl
of
Nassau
named
Emperour
by
the
Bishop
of
Mentz
,
who
had
got
the
other
Electors
to
assent
.
The
Styrians
submit
to
Otho
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
who
is
forced
to
flee
.
The
Emperour
takes
pay
of
the
king
of
England
,
for
his
aid
against
the
French
;
with
the
which
he
buyeth
Thuring
for
his
stipend
;
and
for
sacriledge
and
adultery
he
is
deposed
,
and
is
killed
by
Albert
Duke
of
Austria
,
who
succeeds
9
yeers
.
At
his
Coronation
,
the
Duke
of
Saxony
is
smothered
in
the
preass
of
people
.
France
makes
peace
with
Arragon
,
and
war
with
England
and
Flanders
.
The
Parliament
of
Paris
is
set
up
.
Philip
of
France
obtains
Sicily
by
marrying
with
the
sister
of
Charles
the
lame
.
King
Lewis
is
canonized
.
Flanders
united
to
the
Crown
of
France
.
Iames
of
Arragon
made
king
of
Sardinia
by
the
Pope
.
The
Bohemians
seize
upon
Cracovia
.
Ladislaus
,
who
had
escaped
in
a
Monks
habit
,
returneth
,
and
beats
the
Bohemians
in
Cracovia
.
The
Tartars
waste
Poland
.
Primislaus
Duke
of
great
Polonia
is
crowned
king
,
that
title
having
been
omitted
215
yeers
:
he
is
murthered
by
the
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
.
Locticus
succeeded
,
who
refused
the
title
of
king
:
he
is
deposed
,
and
Wenceslaus
king
of
Bohemia
chosen
.
Whilst
Andrew
king
of
Hungary
is
wasting
Austria
,
the
Peers
,
by
the
Pope's
perswasion
,
chuse
Charles
,
son
to
Charles
Martel
,
for
their
king
.
The
king
of
Denmark
falls
out
with
his
Archbishop
;
wherefore
the
king
is
censured
at
Rome
to
pay
to
the
Archbishop
49000
marks
;
and
the
Land
is
interdicted
.
The
Frisons
having
put
themselves
into
the
king's
protection
,
murther
his
Governour
.
Lubec
craves
protection
of
the
Dane
.
In
Rohemia
,
the
Lords
rebel
,
and
make
the
Duke
of
Uratislavia
king
;
who
was
shortly
after
poysoned
.
Pera
by
Constantinople
is
taken
by
the
Venetians
,
whose
Fleet
is
taken
by
the
Genuans
at
Corfu
,
who
also
take
Cydon
in
Crete
.
The
Genuans
attempt
Venice
to
no
purpose
.
Great
executions
at
Venice
,
for
plots
against
the
State.
The
Paduans
build
a
Fort
in
the
Venetians
territories
,
which
they
demolished
.
They
make
the
Greek
Emperour
pay
his
debts
.
Iohn
D.
of
Brabant
is
killed
.
The
Earl
of
Flanders
,
and
his
wife
,
the
Prince
of
Wales
daughter
,
are
invited
to
France
,
and
imprisoned
at
Paris
:
he
sides
with
the
English
against
France
.
Charles
Valois
invadeth
Flanders
,
take
Guy
,
and
many
of
his
Nobility
prisoners
.
The
Earl
of
Holland
claims
Scotland
in
right
of
Ada
his
grand-mother
;
but
is
disswaded
from
it
by
the
King
of
England
:
he
is
slain
for
Adultery
.
His
son
Iohn
the
first
succeeded
,
who
subdued
the
Frisons
,
and
proscribed
Dort
for
rebelling
:
he
died
childless
,
the
Earldom
having
lasted
in
that
line
437
yeers
.
Friesland
torn
with
factions
.
King
Edward
of
England
banisheth
the
Jews
.
The
French
and
English
take
each
others
ships
at
Sea.
Aquitain
seised
on
by
the
French
King
,
because
Edward
came
not
upon
his
citation
.
Baliol
doeth
homage
for
Scotland
,
and
aids
the
French
against
the
English.
The
king
takes
divers
strong
holds
in
Scotland
,
with
the
Regalities
,
and
Marble
Chair
.
The
English
expelled
by
William
Wallace
.
The
Scots
and
Wallace
beaten
in
the
battel
of
Fawkirk
.
The
King
of
of
Norway
claimeth
Scotland
in
right
of
his
daughter
deceased
.
Baliol
is
named
king
of
Scotland
by
king
Edward
.
Baliol
took
it
so
ill
,
that
he
was
forced
to
plead
at
the
bar
against
Macduffs
brother
,
that
he
fell
off
from
the
English
to
the
French.
Baliol
is
sent
to
the
Tower
:
he
is
released
,
and
goeth
into
France
.
In
the
Church
▪
Celestine
the
fifth
called
before
Petrus
de
Murcome
,
sits
5
moneths
?
he
was
an
ignorant
Eremite
.
To
him
succeeded
Boniface
the
eighth
,
8
yeers
.
He
deluded
Celestine
by
the
sound
of
a
Cane
,
and
made
him
resigne
:
he
persecuted
the
family
of
Columna
,
and
opposeth
Alberts
Election
:
he
causeth
Iames
to
forsake
Sicily
,
whose
brother
Frederick
is
chosen
by
the
people
in
hatred
of
the
French.
Eight
Synods
held
this
Decad.
The
hereticks
Pataren●…
and
Gazareni
,
about
this
time
appeared
,
and
held
that
marryed
men
could
not
be
saved
.
Fratricelli
a
kinde
of
Anabaptists
.
Boniface
sets
out
the
sixth
book
of
Decretals
.
The
Church
of
Loretta
inlarged
,
for
reception
of
Pilgrims
.
In
the
East
,
Andronicus
is
excommunicated
by
the
Pope
,
and
the
K.
of
Rascia
set
up
against
him
.
Ottoman
keeps
his
residence
at
Neapolis
,
which
he
called
Despotopolis
,
20
miles
from
Nice
:
he
Italy
.
Philip
of
France
excommunicated
;
he
burns
the
Popes
Bulls
.
The
French
are
beaten
by
the
Flemings
in
the
battel
at
Cowtray
.
Philip
is
reconciled
to
the
Pope
:
he
defeats
the
Flemings
,
and
makes
Peace
with
them
:
he
banisheth
the
Jews
out
of
France
.
The
Moors
driven
from
Gibralter
by
the
Castilians
.
Ferdinand
of
Castile
wrongs
his
brothers
,
who
summon
him
to
Christs
Tribunal
within
thirty
days
;
he
dieth
within
that
time
.
In
Hungary
,
three
Kings
are
chosen
by
three
Factions
,
viz.
Wenceslaus
of
Bohemia
(
who
is
carryed
thence
into
Bohemia
,
with
the
Crown
of
Hungary
,
by
his
father
Ladislaus
)
Charles
and
Otho
Dukes
of
Bavaria
,
to
whom
Wenceslaus
resigneth
the
Crown
.
Otho
is
taken
by
the
Vayvod
of
Transilvania
:
he
is
cursed
by
Cardinal
Gentilis
,
for
detaining
the
Crown
from
Charles
.
Otho
resigneth
,
and
is
set
free
.
In
Poland
,
Wenceslaus
King
of
Bohemia
,
is
chosen
;
who
leaves
Bohemian
Governours
,
and
returns
home
.
To
him
succeeded
Ladislaus
29
yeers
.
Dansk
besieged
by
Brandeburg
.
Ladislaus
employeth
the
Teutonicks
to
defend
it
,
who
seise
on
it
to
their
own
use
.
The
troubles
of
Denmark
composed
,
by
the
payment
of
10000
marks
to
the
Archbishop
by
the
king
.
The
Norwayans
invade
Denmark
but
are
repulsed
.
The
king
of
Suevia
imprisoned
by
his
brethren
.
Wenceslaus
of
Bohemia
selleth
Misnia
to
the
Marquess
of
Brandeburg
:
he
is
killed
by
a
Russian
:
in
him
endeth
the
male
line
.
Henry
Prince
of
Carinthia
claims
the
kingdom
in
right
of
his
wife
:
they
are
both
driven
by
the
Emperour
into
Bavaria
.
Frederick
the
Emperours
son
striving
for
that
kingdom
is
slain
.
Henry
returns
,
and
carrieth
thence
much
wealth
into
Carinthia
:
he
is
expelled
by
Iohn
the
Emperours
son
,
who
reigned
36
yeers
.
The
Venetians
excommunicated
by
the
Pope
,
for
taking
Ferrara
;
and
all
their
goods
confiscated
in
France
.
Zara
besieged
,
and
submitteth
to
the
Venetians
:
they
aid
Charles
Valois
against
the
Greek
Emperour
.
Many
of
the
French
faction
killed
in
Gaunt
and
Brugis
.
Guy
of
Flanders
dieth
a
prisoner
in
France
:
his
son
Robert
succeeds
18
yeers
:
he
hath
wars
with
Holland
,
because
the
Earl
neglected
to
do
his
homage
for
Zealand
.
Peace
between
Robert
and
the
French.
In
Holland
,
William
the
good
ruleth
32
yeers
.
In
England
,
the
King
confirmeth
Magna
Charta
,
releaseth
Baliol
,
and
sends
the
Lord
Segrave
into
Scotland
;
who
is
beaten
there
:
the
king
marcheth
with
his
Army
three
hundred
miles
into
Scotland
,
without
opposition
.
The
Prince
is
sent
thither
with
an
Army
.
Wallas
is
taken
and
executed
.
The
king
in
his
journey
to
Scotland
dieth
.
His
son
Edward
the
second
succeeded
19
yeers
:
he
imprisoneth
the
Bishop
of
Chester
in
the
cause
of
Gaveston
.
In
Scotland
,
Robert
Bruce
having
escaped
out
of
England
,
kills
Cumyn
for
betraying
his
plot
to
king
Edward
.
Robert
Reigned
there
24
yeers
:
he
is
forced
into
the
Woods
and
Isles
a
while
:
he
recovers
divers
Castles
.
In
the
Church
,
Boniface
yet
sits
:
he
gives
away
France
to
the
Emperour
:
he
fleeth
with
his
treasure
to
Anagnia
,
and
is
taken
by
the
Columnii
,
and
dieth
of
grief
.
To
him
succeeded
Bennet
the
ninth
8
moneths
:
he
was
poysoned
.
Clement
the
fifth
succeeded
8
yeers
:
he
removeth
his
seat
to
Avignion
,
where
it
continued
72
yeers
:
at
his
Coronation
,
he
lost
a
stone
out
of
his
Mytre
,
worth
6000
Crowns
;
the
French
king
was
hurt
,
and
the
Duke
of
Britain
slain
;
with
twelve
more
.
The
Pope
being
recovered
of
a
great
sickness
,
bestoweth
Mentz
on
his
Physitian
:
he
makes
Robert
,
son
of
Charles
,
king
of
Sicily
,
by
paying
eight
thousand
pound
fealty
,
and
the
annual
profits
of
Benevent
.
This
Decad
produced
two
Councils
;
one
at
Rome
,
against
the
French
king
;
the
other
at
Paris
,
against
Pope
Boniface
.
The
first
Jubile
is
instituted
by
Boniface
.
The
Templars
condemned
in
France
,
and
Iames
their
chief
Master
burnt
,
with
fifty
more
of
that
Order
at
Paris
.
In
the
East
,
the
Turks
are
expelled
by
the
Christians
out
of
Thrace
.
In
the
West
,
the
Emperour
rageth
with
fire
and
sword
in
Italy
.
He
is
crowned
at
Pisa
and
Rome
.
The
Bishop
of
Castile
,
Alphonsus
the
eleventh
is
King
40
yeers
.
The
Teutonicks
subdue
Pomerania
,
and
take
Riga
.
Ladislaus
of
Poland
recovers
Cracovia
from
the
Duke
of
Opolium
,
and
takes
away
the
Cities
Liberties
,
for
betraying
it
.
Charles
,
son
to
Charles
Martel
,
is
King
of
Hungary
32
yeers
.
Christopher
reigns
in
Denmark
14
yeers
.
The
King
of
Suevia
imprisoneth
his
brothers
in
a
Castle
,
where
they
die
.
The
people
rebel
:
he
fleeth
:
his
son
Magnus
is
taken
,
and
he
is
slain
.
Iohn
the
Emperours
son
reigns
in
Bohemia
36
yeers
:
he
is
made
Lieutenant
of
the
Empire
:
he
aideth
his
father
;
and
,
after
his
death
,
Lewis
against
Frederick
.
Pr.
Pandulo
the
Venetian
,
to
pacifie
the
Pope
,
suffers
himself
to
be
tied
like
a
dog
with
a
chain
under
the
Popes
table
.
The
Genuans
war
against
the
Venetians
by
Sea
and
Land
:
they
besiege
Pera.
Crete
rebelleth
;
so
doth
Gaunt
.
The
French
and
Hollanders
invade
Flanders
.
Upon
restitution
of
Doway
and
some
other
places
,
and
a
marriage
between
Philip's
daughter
and
Robert's
grand-childe
,
peace
is
concluded
.
At
Middleburg
a
Colledge
is
erected
,
with
a
Dean
and
four
Canons
.
In
England
,
Gaveston
is
made
Earl
of
Cornwal
;
is
banished
,
and
made
General
of
Ireland
:
he
is
recalled
,
banished
,
returneth
,
and
is
made
Secretary
:
the
Lords
strike
off
his
head
.
The
King
is
overthrown
by
the
Scots
at
Bannocksburn
.
The
Earl
of
Lancaster
,
chief
of
the
Barons
faction
,
is
reconciled
to
the
King.
Edward
Bruce
,
King
Robert's
brother
,
is
crowned
King
of
Ireland
,
and
slain
three
yeers
after
.
The
Scots
take
Berwick
,
and
many
other
places
.
King
Robert
invadeth
England
.
Divers
put
to
death
in
Scotland
,
for
endeavouring
to
betray
the
kingdom
to
the
English
.
Robert
King
of
Sicily
proscribed
by
the
Emperour
;
which
the
Pope
makes
void
.
Frederick
Prince
of
Trinacry
,
calls
himself
King
of
Sicily
.
Robert
is
reconciled
to
Frederick
:
they
fall
at
oddes
again
.
In
the
Church
:
Clement
yet
sitteth
,
who
wrote
the
Clementine
or
seventh
of
the
Decretals
.
The
Emperour
denieth
fealty
to
the
Pope
.
Succeeded
Iohn
21
,
who
sate
18
yeers
.
His
tenent
concerning
deposing
of
Kings
,
is
opposed
by
Occam
.
He
besiegeth
Genoa
,
and
sets
out
the
extravagants
.
This
Decad
were
held
seven
Synods
.
The
Templers
suppressed
at
Vienna
.
Rhodes
is
bestowed
upon
the
Knights
Hospitallers
.
The
Works
of
Lullius
are
condemned
.
Begwins
and
Beguards
Hereticks
,
with
the
Armenian
Hereticks
,
were
busie
about
this
time
.
Three
Gentlemen
of
Siena
set
up
the
Order
of
White
Monks
of
Olivet
.
In
the
East
,
Andronicus
,
the
Emperours
grand-childe
,
besiegeth
Constantinople
;
so
that
the
Grand-father
is
forced
to
give
him
Thrace
and
Macedonia
.
Constantine
son
of
Andronicus
sent
against
the
young
Emperour
;
he
is
taken
and
imprisoned
,
they
are
reconcil●…d
:
young
Andronicus
joyns
with
the
Despot
of
Bulgaria
against
his
Grandfather
,
and
takes
Constantinople
;
he
attempts
to
relieve
Nice
,
and
is
beaten
by
the
Turks
,
who
take
Nice
.
The
old
Emperour
is
made
a
Monk
,
and
called
Antony
;
the
Turks
take
Philadelphia
.
Prusa
the
Metropolis
of
Bithynia
is
taken
,
and
made
the
seat
of
the
Ottoman-Empire
.
To
Ottoman
succeedeth
his
son
Orchanes
31
years
:
the
Christians
recover
Nice
with
divers
Forts
.
In
the
West
,
Germany
is
vexed
between
the
two
Emperours
.
Ferdinand
is
taken
,
and
after
three
years
imprisonment
,
is
restored
to
Austria
,
but
renounceth
the
Empire
.
The
Pope
and
Em●…erour
quarrel
;
the
Bishop
of
Magdeburg's
brains
are
beaten
out
by
the
Citizens
.
The
Emperour
is
crowned
at
Rome
,
and
sets
up
an
Antipope
.
Reynold
Earl
of
Gelders
is
made
Duke
;
Iuliers
made
a
Marquisate
:
The
Emperour
besiegeth
Millan
.
In
France
,
to
Philip
succeeded
his
brother
Charls
King
of
Navar
6
years
;
he
forced
the
Flemmings
to
submit
;
to
him
succeeded
Philip
of
Valois
,
brothers
son
to
Philip
the
fair
,
22
years
.
In
Spain
,
Arragon
,
Catalonia
and
Valentia
unit●…d
:
Arragon
subdueth
Sardinia
.
Silesia
fals
off
from
the
Polander
to
the
Bohemians
,
with
whom
the
Teutonicks
side
:
130
towns
burnt
in
Massovia
by
the
Lituanians
.
Upon
a
marriage
between
the
Kings
son
Casimire
and
the
Dukes
daughter
,
a
peace
is
made
with
the
Lituanians
:
the
Massovians
and
Teutonicks
defeated
by
the
Posacs
and
Lituanians
.
Ladislaus
beateth
the
Bohemians
and
Prussians
.
In
Denmark
a
great
Rebellion
,
in
which
Waldemar
Duke
of
Sleswick
is
chosen
King
;
but
two
years
after
the
King
is
reestablished
,
and
Waldemar
gives
up
his
title
of
King.
Henry
of
Austria
is
released
for
30000
Crowns
.
The
Bohemians
rebell
,
upon
the
Kings
attempting
to
exchange
Bohemia
for
Bavaria
:
he
invadeth
Poland
,
and
loseth
one
of
his
eyes
with
the
moisture
of
the
Lituanian
aire
.
At
Brugis
a
great
sedition
between
the
people
and
Magistrates
:
they
detain
their
Earl
,
a
prisoner
6
moneths
;
a
peace
is
made
,
and
they
rebell
again
:
the
Earl
is
restored
,
and
22000
of
the
Rebels
killed
.
Holland
enjoyeth
Zeland
upon
a
peace
with
Flanders
:
Many
towns
drowned
in
Holland
with
5000
people
:
A
civil
War
in
Sicily
.
The
Emperour
attempteth
King
Robert
in
vain
.
The
Spencers
in
England
are
banished
:
the
King
wasteth
Durham
,
Preston
and
Lancaster
.
The
Scots
beat
the
English
:
they
renew
their
league
with
France
.
The
Lords
defeated
at
Bur●…owbridge
:
Lancaster
and
other
Lords
executed
.
The
Mortimers
sent
to
the
Tower.
Peace
with
Scotland
13
years
.
The
Queen
and
Mortimer
proclaimed
Traitours
;
the
Queen
landeth
,
the
Spencers
executed
:
the
King
resigneth
,
and
is
murthered
.
Edward
3
his
son
succeeded
50
years
:
the
King
returns
dishonourably
from
Scotland
.
Mortimer
hanged
.
Baliol
resignes
Scotland
;
Hamilton's
begin
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Iohn
sitteth
yet
;
he
sides
with
Robert
against
Frederick
king
of
Sicily
;
he
quarrels
with
the
Emperour
:
against
him
is
set
up
Nicholas
5.
which
makes
the
28
Schisme
.
The
Emperour
excommunicated
again
:
Nicholas
is
carried
into
France
,
where
he
giveth
up
his
title
.
Three
Synods
held
this
Decad.
The
Poore-men
of
Lyons
called
Fratricelli
condemned
by
the
Pope
:
the
French
King
maintaineth
the
Clergies
temporalities
against
the
Advocate
,
and
is
therefore
stiled
(
Catholick
)
.
In
the
East
,
the
Bulgarians
are
defeated
,
and
do
defeat
the
Emperour
,
who
sets
out
a
fleet
,
and
enters
into
league
with
the
Latine
Princes
against
the
Turk
.
Thrace
is
wasted
by
Aetolia
.
Nice
is
taken
by
Orchanes
,
and
so
is
Abydus
:
the
Emperour
is
wounded
in
the
foot
:
the
Turks
are
driven
from
the
siege
of
Philadephia
:
The
Turks
waste
divers
Islands
:
They
are
beaten
at
sea
by
Andronicus
.
In
the
West
,
the
King
of
Bohemia
takes
divers
Cities
for
the
Pope
,
Parma
and
Padua
taken
by
the
Scaligers
,
and
other
towns
of
Italy
by
others
:
the
Pope
dares
not
absolve
the
Emperour
;
for
fear
of
the
French
:
He
makes
Edward
of
England
Lieutenant
of
the
Empire
;
and
then
displaceth
him
:
the
Emperour
appealeth
from
the
Pope
to
a
General
Synod
.
It
was
concluded
in
a
Diet
of
Frankfort
,
that
any
Bishop
may
Crown
the
Emperour
,
as
well
as
the
Pope
.
Robert
of
Artois
is
defeated
of
his
Earldome
by
the
French
King
,
who
proclaims
him
traitour
,
for
solliciting
the
King
of
England
to
claim
his
right
in
France
.
Philip
aideth
the
Scots
:
Edward
for
this
,
and
for
seising
upon
Aquitain
,
proclaims
war
against
him
:
he
quartereth
the
Arms
of
France
and
England
.
At
the
siege
of
Lisle
,
the
English
are
defeated
;
and
the
French
at
Sluce
.
Divers
discontented
Lords
in
Spain
side
with
the
Moors
against
Castile
;
The
Castilians
de●…eat
the
forces
of
Arragon
and
Navar.
Peter
of
Arragon
doth
homage
to
the
Pope
for
Sardinia
and
Corsica
.
Wars
between
Castile
and
Portugal
.
The
Teutonicks
waste
Polonia
,
and
at
last
by
the
King
defeated
;
Peace
made
between
them
;
the
Lituanians
burn
themselves
,
wives
,
children
and
goods
,
that
they
might
not
fall
into
the
hands
of
the
Teutonicks
.
King
Casimire
●…ettleth
the
succession
of
Hungary
upon
Charls
,
who
had
married
his
sister
.
Russia
taken
by
the
Lituanians
:
Casimire
takes
Leopolis
,
where
he
found
two
crowns
,
and
a
piece
of
the
Crosse
,
now
kept
at
Cracovia
.
In
Hungary
was
a
great
plague
of
Locusts
;
the
Nobles
of
Denmark
send
to
Valdemar
Christophers
son
,
being
now
in
Germany
,
to
recover
the
kingdome
,
which
was
now
in
competition
.
Wenceslaus
of
Bohemia
,
who
in
the
French
Court
was
named
Charls
,
defeats
the
Lombards
,
and
is
made
Marquesse
of
Moravia
.
Iohn
of
Bohemia
releaseth
his
title
to
Poland
for
10000
Marks
:
A
Jew
puts
out
his
eye
,
having
lost
the
other
before
.
The
Venetians
joyn
with
Florence
against
Mastin
Tyrant
of
Escalla
.
60
several
Ambassadors
arrives
at
Venice
to
reconcile
them
and
Mastin
;
Peace
is
granted
to
him
,
and
he
is
made
a
Patritian
of
Venice
.
Lewis
of
Flanders
buyeth
Melchyn
of
the
Bishop
of
Liege
,
and
the
Duke
of
Geldres
;
the
Duke
of
Brabant
challengeth
it
;
but
they
are
reconciled
by
marriages
.
The
Flemmings
defeated
by
the
English
:
the
Earle
is
against
the
Flemmings
league
with
England
:
he
flieth
to
Philip
of
France
:
The
Earl
of
Holland
doth
notable
justice
on
the
Bailiffe
of
South-Holland
,
for
forcing
a
Cow
from
a
poor
woman
.
William
4.
of
Holland
ruleth
ten
years
,
he
spoileth
Prussia
.
The
king
of
England
doth
homage
in
France
for
Aquitain
,
and
returns
discontented
:
he
aideth
Edward
Baliol
,
because
David
King
of
Scotland
refused
to
do
homage
.
In
the
battel
of
Halydown-hill
,
the
English
are
victorious
and
recover
Barwick
;
he
entreth
Scotland
,
and
returneth
with
Baliol
:
He
enters
Scotland
again
,
and
setleth
Baliol
,
who
contents
himself
with
a
Pension
.
The
first
Duke
in
England
,
is
Prince
Edward
made
Duke
of
Cornwall
.
The
King
sends
to
demand
his
Holds
in
Aquitain
:
he
leagueth
with
the
Emperour
and
Dutch
;
he
is
made
Vicar
of
the
Empire
.
Southampton
burnt
by
the
French
:
they
besiege
Burdeaux
and
are
all
killed
.
King
Robert
of
Scotland
having
vowed
an
expedition
into
Syria
,
desired
on
his
death-bed
,
Robert
Douglasse
to
carry
his
heart
to
Ierusalem
:
Douglasse
in
his
journey
thither
was
slain
,
in
siding
with
Arragon
against
the
Saracens
;
that
Family
ever
since
bear
an
Heart
in
their
Coat
:
This
Robert
had
won
70
battels
.
Earl
Murry
Regent
,
during
King
Davids
minority
,
was
poysoned
by
a
Monk
:
The
King
and
Queen
are
driven
into
France
.
Edward
Baliol
crowned
;
Aberden
burnt
by
the
English.
Davids
faction
groweth
to
strong
for
Baliol.
Salisbury
and
Arundel
forced
from
the
siege
of
Dumbar-Castle
.
At
Blackburn
the
Scots
are
beaten
;
Perth
and
Sterling
taken
by
the
Regent
.
Baliol
flieth
into
England
.
In
the
Church
,
the
Schisme
continueth
,
till
Nicholas
the
Antipope
was
carried
into
France
,
where
he
resigneth
:
the
Bononians
rebell
against
the
Pope
,
who
dieth
and
left
behind
him
a
treasure
of
1700000
Florens
;
to
him
succeeded
Bennet
12.
7
years
;
One
Synod
held
this
Decad
,
at
Toledo
.
Pope
Iohn
believed
that
the
souls
slept
till
the
Resurrection
.
The
Greek
Church
dissenteth
from
the
Latine
.
In
a
Diet
at
Mentz
it
was
concluded
,
that
the
Councel
was
above
the
Pope
,
and
that
the
Emperour
held
immediately
from
God.
In
the
East
,
Nicomenia
in
Bithynia
is
taken
by
the
Turks
.
Iohn
son
to
Andronicus
is
Emperour
Iohn
Cantacuzenus
father-in-law
to
Orchanes
;
the
Patriarch
excommunicates
him
;
upon
this
the
Patriarch
is
deposed
.
The
Turks
are
beaten
out
of
Smyrna
by
the
Venetians
:
they
defeat
the
Venetians
with
those
of
Cyprus
&
Rhodes
.
In
the
West
,
the
Pope
takes
Ferrara
;
Mantua
&
Verona
from
the
Emperor
,
and
denyeth
to
absolve
him
,
till
he
resigne
his
Empire
to
him
.
Lewis
is
deposed
and
dieth
.
Charls
4.
elected
,
he
was
son
to
Iohn
King
of
Bohemia
.
Some
of
the
Electors
prefer
the
Empire
to
King
Edward
of
England
;
he
refuseth
it
:
then
they
choose
Ferdinand
Marquiss
of
Misnia
,
whom
Charls
bought
out
with
10000
Marks
.
Gunther
also
being
elected
by
some
,
compoundeth
with
Charls
,
and
is
poisoned
.
In
France
,
Iohn
Montfort
loseth
Britany
;
King
Edward
assisted
him
:
he
is
taken
and
imprisoned
.
The
Gabal
of
Salt
now
imposed
.
At
Crescy
the
French
lost
30000
with
the
King
of
Bohemia
,
and
11
Princes
,
80
Barrons
,
and
1200
Knights
.
Calice
lost
,
and
the
French
who
would
have
bought
it
,
cheated
of
their
money
,
and
slain
.
The
Dolphinate
of
Vienna
sold
to
the
French
,
on
condition
that
the
eldest
son
of
France
should
be
called
the
Dolphin
.
In
the
battel
of
Salcados
450000
Moores
flame
,
and
but
twenty
Castilians
.
The
Alcavale
,
that
is
the
Tenths
of
things
sold
,
raised
for
the
maintaining
of
the
Moors
war.
Alphonsus
of
Castile
obtaineth
of
the
Pope
the
Canaries
,
conditionally
that
he
plant
Christianity
there
.
Iames
of
Majorea
killed
in
battell
by
the
Arragonians
:
The
Tartars
and
Bohemians
driven
out
of
Poland
,
by
Casimire
:
He
is
excommunicate
for
his
Concubines
,
and
adultery
:
he
totally
subdueth
Russia
,
and
names
Lewis
of
Hungary
his
heir
.
To
Charls
of
Hungary
succeedeth
his
son
Lewis
1.
41
years
;
he
subdueth
the
Saxons
in
Transilvania
:
Andrew
his
brother
and
King
of
Naples
,
sels
his
possessions
to
the
King
,
who
aideth
the
Polander
against
Lituania
and
Bohemia
.
Zara
fals
off
to
Hungary
,
and
is
recovered
again
by
Venice
:
they
make
peace
for
10
years
.
Lewis
to
revenge
his
brothers
death
,
whom
his
wife
strangled
,
marcheth
into
Italy
and
takes
the
Kingdome
of
Naples
:
She
flieth
to
the
Pope
with
her
new
Husband
,
who
for
reconciling
them
hath
Avignion
.
In
Denmark
,
Waldemar
reignes
35
years
;
he
leagueth
with
the
Swedes
,
invadeth
Brandeburg
,
and
goeth
to
Ierusalem
.
Prague
in
Bohemia
is
now
freed
from
Mentz
,
and
made
an
Archbishoprick
.
King
Iohn
being
slain
at
Crescy
,
his
son
Charls
succeeded
,
who
also
was
Emperour
,
who
built
new
Prague
.
The
Venetians
troubled
with
an
Earthquake
,
Plague
and
Famine
:
they
invite
strangers
to
come
and
inhabite
their
City
.
A
great
faction
at
Gaunt
against
the
French
,
in
which
Artweld
the
chief
man
of
the
faction
is
slain
,
and
E.
Lewis
is
killed
at
Crescy
;
to
whom
succeeded
Lewis
of
Male
38
years
;
he
promised
to
marry
the
King
of
Englands
daughter
,
but
marrieth
the
daughter
of
Brabant
.
William
of
Holland
is
slain
in
the
battell
he
fought
against
Utricht
;
his
Sister
Margaret
succeeded
8
years
:
she
makes
her
son
William
Governour
,
reserving
10000
crowns
yearly
;
but
when
the
Emperour
died
,
she
assumeth
Holland
,
and
bestoweth
Henault
on
William
.
Now
began
there
the
faction
of
Cabillaucks
and
Hoecks
,
which
held
150
years
;
the
Cabillaucks
call
in
William
against
his
Mother
.
Tourney
besieged
by
King
Edward
,
and
truce
granted
for
one
year
:
He
quarrels
with
the
Pope
,
for
denying
him
the
making
of
a
Cardinal
.
The
order
of
the
Garter
instituted
;
and
the
Round-Table
at
Windsor
erected
.
Divers
of
King
Edwards
friends
put
to
death
in
France
.
He
taketh
Caen
in
Normandy
;
with
10000
English
he
defeats
60000
French.
King
David
of
Scotland
taken
by
Copland
,
who
is
rewarded
with
500l
.
and
made
a
Banoret
.
The
English
quite
driven
out
of
Scotland
.
King
David
and
his
Queen
return
.
Great
emulation
between
Douglasse
and
Ramsey
:
David
upon
the
French
score
invades
England
thrice
,
and
wasteth
all
as
far
as
Durham
:
he
is
defeated
and
taken
;
Percy
and
Baliol
spoil
Lothian
.
Robert
of
Sicily
being
dead
,
Andrew
the
King
of
Hungary's
son
,
whom
he
had
adopted
,
succeeds
in
Apulia
,
for
which
he
paid
a
great
summe
to
the
Pope
:
he
is
strangled
by
his
wife
,
who
married
with
Lewis
Prince
of
Tarentium
.
In
the
Church
,
Bennet
sits
yet
,
he
confirmed
Verona
to
Scaliger
,
Mantua
to
Gonzaga
,
and
Ferrara
to
Este.
Clement
6.
succeeded
10
years
:
he
reduced
the
Jubile
to
50
years
;
he
makes
some
of
the
Electors
choose
a
new
Emperour
.
Nicholas
a
Tribune
of
Rome
aspireth
,
and
is
confined
to
Avignion
.
This
Decad
had
but
one
Synod
,
at
Toledo
.
One
Picard
a
Walloon
began
the
Heresie
of
the
Adamites
.
Popish
Provisions
put
down
in
England
.
The
Pope
suppresseth
the
Whippers
.
Many
Jews
executed
for
poysoning
the
waters
.
In
the
East
,
Paleologus
helpeth
the
Venetians
,
and
Cantacuz
:
the
Genuans
.
Losbos
is
given
to
Catelusius
for
his
service
against
the
Greeks
,
after
almost
100
years
possession
by
his
Bohemia
.
Iuliers
made
a
Dutchy
;
he
helps
the
Pope
against
Millan
,
and
hath
wars
with
Philip
of
Austria
,
who
put
him
to
flight
,
by
corrupting
some
about
Charls
.
To
Philip
of
France
succeeded
Iohn
his
son
15
years
:
Charls
grandchild
to
the
King
of
Castile
,
and
Constable
of
France
,
is
killed
by
the
K.
of
Navar.
Charls
of
Navar
imprisoned
for
favouring
the
English
;
who
beat
the
French
at
Poyctiers
.
Charls
being
released
,
makes
new
troubles
.
The
Provost
of
Paris
murthered
.
The
King
and
his
son
transported
into
England
.
France
spoiled
by
King
Edward
.
Upon
a
Peace
,
King
Iohn
is
released
to
get
money
.
The
Jews
are
again
admitted
.
He
returns
into
England
,
and
dies
.
Peter
King
of
Portugal
banisheth
Lawyers
out
of
his
Kingdom
.
Peter
King
of
Castile
puts
his
brother
with
many
Nobles
to
death
;
he
murthereth
two
more
brothers
,
and
poysoneth
his
wife
.
Lewis
of
Hungary
makes
peace
with
Padua
and
Austria
;
he
invadeth
Dalmatia
,
and
takes
divers
Towns
;
he
restores
Tarvisium
and
Istria
.
The
Russians
rebell
against
Poland
.
Casimire
is
absolved
,
and
buildeth
many
Churches
.
Prussia
is
spoiled
by
the
Lituanians
.
Hungary
disclaimeth
all
tribute
from
Polonia
:
The
King
of
Denmark
imprisoneth
his
Queen
upon
suspition
of
Adultery
;
he
afterward
begot
Margaret
of
her
,
who
became
Queen
of
3
Kingdoms
.
Ericus
rebelleth
against
his
Father
the
King
of
Sweden
.
Istria
spoiled
by
the
Prince
of
Croatia
,
who
makes
restitution
.
The
Venetians
beaten
by
the
Germans
at
Bosphorus
.
The
Germans
are
defeated
,
and
put
themselves
under
the
protection
of
Millan
:
At
last
a
peace
is
made
.
The
Venetians
make
a
dishonourable
peace
with
Lewis
of
Hungary
.
Lewis
of
Flanders
subdueth
Brabant
;
he
restores
all
again
except
Antwerp
,
which
he
retains
for
his
wifes
Dowry
.
William's
forces
in
Holland
are
defeated
by
his
mother
the
Empress
,
who
was
at
last
defeated
by
him
,
and
is
contented
with
Henault
,
and
leaveth
Holland
with
him
,
who
invaded
Utricht
,
and
fell
mad
:
His
wife
is
chosen
Regent
by
the
Cabillaucks
,
and
his
brother
Albert
by
the
Hoecks
,
who
besieged
Delf
and
took
it
.
The
Spanish
Fleet
at
Winchelsey
defeated
by
the
English.
Sir
Walter
Bently
beats
the
French
in
Britain
.
Groats
first
coyned
.
The
King
wasteth
France
,
and
removes
the
Staple
of
Wooll
out
of
Flanders
into
England
.
The
battel
of
Poyctiers
,
where
the
French
King
with
many
Lords
,
Knights
and
Esquires
are
taken
and
slain
.
The
French
aid
the
Scots
;
they
take
Barwick
and
dismantle
it
,
they
burn
Northam
.
King
David
ransomed
for
100000.
marks
.
Peace
for
14
years
:
The
King
cuts
off
Robert
Stuarts
succession
to
the
crown
,
and
appoints
Alexander
of
Sutherland
his
younger
sisters
son
for
his
successor
,
upon
whose
death
Robert
is
reconciled
to
the
King
and
to
his
hopes
.
The
Pope
makes
Lewis
of
Tarentum
King
of
Sicily
,
against
the
King
of
Hungary
.
In
the
Church
,
Clement
keepeth
the
2.
Jubile
:
To
him
succeeds
Innocent
6.
9
years
.
new
troubles
in
Rome
.
Nicholas
is
sent
home
and
restored
to
his
Tribunat
,
and
is
slain
by
the
Columni
.
The
Popes
Legat
is
sent
to
Rome
,
who
recovers
all
in
5.
years
that
was
lost
from
the
Church
.
One
Councel
held
this
Decad
,
at
Toledo
again
.
The
Pope
strives
with
Cantacuz
,
to
unite
the
Greek
and
Latine
Churches
.
In
the
East
,
the
Turks
take
many
places
,
and
make
Paleologus
tributary
,
who
craveth
help
against
them
from
the
Pope
and
Queen
of
Sicily
.
The
Turks
transport
60000.
France
,
Charles
5
▪
reigneth
16
years
.
Montfort
kils
Charles
of
Bloys
,
and
recovereth
Britain
.
King
Charles
makes
his
guard
of
100.
Scots
Archers
:
He
gives
the
Kingdom
of
Arles
to
Lewis
Duke
of
Anjou
.
Peter
of
Castile
treacherously
killed
the
Moorish
King.
War
between
Castile
and
Arragon
.
Peter
is
driven
out
of
Castile
by
the
French
;
he
flyeth
to
Prince
Edward
,
and
is
restored
,
and
abjureth
his
Religion
.
He
is
at
last
taken
and
beheaded
.
The
Polander
subdueth
the
Russian
.
Bosna
and
Bulgaria
reduced
to
the
obedience
of
Hungary
.
About
this
time
the
Hanse-Towns
being
77.
begin
to
set
up
.
Hamburg
submits
to
the
Duke
of
Holst
.
Magnus
of
Suevia
taken
,
and
imprisoned
.
Venice
forceth
the
Paduans
to
buy
their
peace
for
15
years
.
The
Earldom
of
Burgundy
falls
to
Margaret
mother
of
Lewis
by
the
death
of
Philip.
The
Duke
of
Burgundy
marrieth
the
Earls
daughter
.
King
Edward
of
England
affrighted
with
thunder
,
makes
peace
with
France
.
King
Iohn
is
released
for
300000
crowns
.
The
King
being
50
years
old
,
keepeth
a
Jubile
:
he
turneth
all
the
Records
out
of
French
into
Latine
or
English.
The
Staple
at
Calice
.
King
Iohn
came
to
England
to
release
his
hostages
,
and
dieth
at
the
Savoy
.
Prince
Edward
ill
rewarded
for
his
aide
,
by
Peter
of
Castile
.
The
Highlanders
in
Scotland
are
permitted
by
the
King
to
destroy
each
other
.
In
the
Church
,
Urban
5.
sate
8
years
.
The
Viscount
of
Millan
begs
peace
of
the
Popes
Legat.
The
Pope
comes
to
Rome
,
and
sends
for
the
Emperour
to
suppress
the
Gibellins
.
This
Decad
affordeth
no
Councel
.
Iohn
Columbinus
begins
at
Sena
the
order
of
Jesuites
.
Paleologus
submitteth
to
the
Roman
Church
,
on
promise
of
help
against
the
Turks
.
St.
Bridgets
Order
confirmed
by
the
Pope
.
In
the
East
,
Paleologus
being
expelled
by
Andronicus
his
son
,
is
restored
by
the
Venetians
:
Wight
:
Montpelier
rebelleth
,
and
is
reduced
.
The
King
leaveth
the
Government
to
his
3
brothers
,
and
dieth
rich
.
His
son
Charls
6.
succeeded
42
years
.
The
Kings
of
Aragon
,
Fez
and
Granado
league
against
Castile
,
which
makes
peace
with
Portugal
.
The
Duke
of
Lancaster
claimeth
Castile
in
right
of
his
wife
.
Henry
of
Castile
poysoned
by
a
Monk.
Casimire
of
Poland
being
dead
,
Lewis
King
of
Hungary
succeedeth
,
Casimir's
sisters
son
,
13
years
:
he
returneth
to
Hungary
,
and
leaves
his
mother
Regent
of
Polonia
:
the
Hungarians
kill
the
Governour
of
Cracovia
,
for
which
160
Hungarians
are
killed
by
the
Polacks
.
King
Lewis
perswades
the
Polacks
to
admit
one
of
his
daughters
to
the
succession
,
which
they
do
assent
to
,
conditionally
they
might
be
eased
of
their
Taxes
.
He
subdueth
the
Valachians
,
and
adopteth
his
daughters
husband
.
Magnus
of
Suevia
is
released
for
12000.
Marks
.
Wenceslaus
of
Bohemia
drowneth
his
wifes
Confessor
,
for
not
revealing
her
confession
.
The
Venetians
and
Genuans
at
War
for
Tenedos
;
They
are
reconciled
by
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
In
Flanders
,
17
Towns
are
drowned
,
and
5000
houses
burnt
in
Gaunt
.
The
French
and
Flemmings
quarrel
,
for
receiving
Iohn
Duke
of
Britain
.
The
Earls
heavy
Taxes
cause
a
civil
War
in
Flanders
.
Wars
between
Holland
and
Utricht
.
Limoges
taken
by
the
English.
Rochel
besieged
by
the
French
:
Peace
between
England
and
France
.
The
English
defeated
in
Garnsey
.
The
French
lose
Aquitain
.
Richard
2.
reigns
in
England
22
years
.
The
French
burn
Rye
,
and
the
Scots
Roxburg
.
Barwick
taken
and
lost
by
the
Scots
in
9
dayes
.
In
Scotland
,
Robert
Stuart
is
king
20
years
;
he
reneweth
the
League
with
France
.
In
the
Church
,
sate
Gregory
11.
7
years
.
The
Florentines
quarrell
with
the
Popes
Legats
,
and
deny
corne
to
Rome
.
They
assist
the
Bononians
and
Pisans
against
the
Pope
,
who
curseth
,
and
then
absolveth
them
:
He
removes
from
Avignon
to
Rome
.
To
him
succeeded
Urban
6.
11
years
:
against
him
Clement
7.
is
chosen
by
the
French
Cardinals
,
which
makes
the
29
Schisme
,
which
continued
50
years
:
Urban
sits
at
Rome
,
Clement
at
Avignon
:
Urban
drowned
seven
Cardinals
of
Clement
,
being
bound
in
sacks
.
S.
Katherines
Nuns
founded
by
Katherine
of
Sena
.
The
Cynique-heretiques
,
called
Turelupini
,
went
naked
,
and
were
given
to
the
flesh
.
Wickliffs
Doctrine
condemned
at
Oxford
.
England
,
Hungary
,
and
Germany
declare
for
Pope
Urban
;
France
,
Scotland
,
Arragon
,
and
Sicily
for
Clement
.
In
the
East
,
Andronicus
is
setled
in
the
Empire
by
Bajazet
,
for
which
he
sweareth
fealty
Bosna
,
Croatia
,
and
the
adjacent
places
.
Tamerlan
makes
an
expedition
into
Babylon
,
and
Sultan
Achumel
flieth
to
Alcayre
.
One
of
Amurath's
sonnes
loseth
his
eyes
,
for
plotting
against
his
father
.
Lazarus
Despot
of
Servia
,
with
five
hundred
thousand
Christians
,
slaine
in
the
Plains
of
Cassovia
.
One
Cobelets
a
Christian
,
kills
Amurath
,
as
hee
was
viewing
the
dead
.
To
him
succeeds
his
sonne
Bajazet
,
11
yeares
:
He
strangled
his
brother
Iacup
,
to
prevent
competition
;
so
this
strangling
of
the
Sultans
brethren
grew
customary
.
In
the
West
,
Civil
warres
in
Germany
among
the
Princes
.
The
Duke
of
Austria
killed
by
the
Switzers
in
battel
;
after
much
bloodshed
,
a
peace
there
is
concluded
.
In
France
,
Charles
6.
reigned
42
years
;
he
contents
himself
with
the
three
Flowers-de-luce
for
his
Armes
.
The
Parisians
and
Rohaners
are
punished
for
mutinying
.
The
French
invade
England
.
Lewis
of
Anjou
removed
from
his
Regency
,
the
Dukes
of
Burgundy
and
Berry
put
in
his
place
.
The
English
take
100
French
and
Flemish
ships
.
The
King
assumeth
the
Government
.
His
Brother
made
Duke
of
Orleans
:
Great
faction
between
the
Constable
and
Duke
of
Britain
.
The
English
help
Portugal
against
Castile
.
The
King
of
Castile
expelled
by
Iohn
base
son
to
Peter
.
Navar
attempteth
to
poyson
the
Dukes
of
Burgundy
and
Berry
;
He
groweth
leprous
.
Iohn
,
Peters
base
son
chosen
King
of
Portugal
.
The
Duke
of
Lancaster
marrieth
in
Spain
,
one
daughter
to
the
Infant
of
Castile
,
the
other
to
the
King
of
Portugal
.
In
Poland
,
the
Bishop
of
Cracovia
falls
down
dead
,
as
he
was
going
to
deflowre
a
Country-maid
.
King
Lewis
dieth
,
and
Hedwigis
the
Queens
daughter
is
chosen
.
Iagello
Duke
of
Lituania
christened
in
Poland
,
and
named
Ladislaus
;
by
marrying
Hedwigis
,
he
unites
Lituania
to
Poland
,
and
converts
the
Lituanians
in
Hungary
.
King
Lewis
being
dead
,
his
daughter
Mary
succeedeth
10
years
.
Charles
King
Andrews
son
of
Sicily
is
received
King
by
some
,
and
is
murthered
by
the
Queens
mother
,
who
is
drowned
by
the
Governour
of
Croatia
,
and
Mary
imprisoned
.
Sigismund
,
Charls
the
fourths
son
marrieth
Mary
,
is
crowned
,
and
persecuteth
the
Governour
of
Croatia
;
upon
this
the
Lords
rebell
,
and
some
of
them
are
executed
by
Sigismund
.
He
subdueth
Bosna
and
Dalmatia
.
Truce
between
Denmark
and
Sweden
.
Margaret
reigns
alone
24
years
:
she
hath
War
with
Albert
of
Suevia
,
and
takes
him
,
with
his
son
prisoners
,
and
so
she
becomes
Queen
of
all
the
three
Kingdoms
.
The
Venetians
take
Verona
and
Padua
,
and
recover
Treviso
.
The
League
with
other
States
against
Galeas
Viscount
of
Millan
.
The
Earl
of
Flanders
forced
by
his
people
to
hide
himself
:
He
expels
the
English
for
siding
with
Gaunt
against
him
:
they
take
Dam
and
Greveling
.
Iohn
the
French
Kings
son
stabs
the
Earl
,
quarrelling
for
Bononia
:
to
him
succeeded
his
daughter
Margaret
.
The
French
recover
Dam.
The
English
beat
the
Flemmings
at
Sea
,
and
take
many
of
their
Ships
.
Iohn
the
Earl
of
Hollands
son
is
made
Bishop
of
Liege
at
16
years
old
.
The
Earl
of
Northumberland
is
sent
against
the
Scots
,
and
recalled
.
Iack
Straw
rebelleth
,
and
is
slain
.
Barwick
recovered
from
the
Scots
.
The
Duke
of
Lancaster
having
made
peace
in
France
,
goeth
against
Scotland
,
but
doeth
nothing
:
he
is
reconciled
to
the
King
:
the
Duke
claimeth
Castile
.
Flanders
put
themselves
under
the
Kings
protection
.
The
first
Marquis
in
England
,
was
Robert
de
Vere
the
Kings
Minion
,
made
Marquis
of
Ireland
.
Many
Ships
taken
by
Arundel
and
Nottingham
:
The
Lords
quarrell
with
the
King
about
his
favourites
:
the
Chief-Justice
and
others
executed
.
Peace
with
France
and
Scotland
for
three
years
:
Warwick
and
Glocester
are
displaced
.
Edinburgh
burned
by
King
Richard
:
The
Scots
invade
England
,
and
do
much
hurt
in
Ireland
,
and
in
the
Isle
of
Man.
Cockermouth
taken
by
the
Scots
and
French.
The
battell
of
Otterburn
between
Douglas
and
Piercy
:
Robert
Earl
of
Fife
the
Kings
younger
son
made
Regent
;
his
brother
Alexander
burned
the
Church
of
Murray
,
for
which
he
was
imprisoned
.
Ione
of
Sicily
is
strangled
,
and
her
sister
Mary
beheaded
by
Charles
of
Dyrrachium
.
Lewis
of
Anjou
poysoned
,
whose
son
Lewis
is
made
King
of
Naples
by
the
Pope
.
In
the
Church
,
Boniface
the
9.
sits
14
years
.
This
Decad
produced
one
Synod
.
The
Order
of
St.
Peter
of
Pisa
founded
by
a
Pisan.
The
Archbishop
of
Magdeburg
,
dancing
all
night
with
a
woman
,
both
fell
down
and
broke
their
necks
.
The
feast
of
our
Ladies
conception
instituted
.
The
Dominicans
free
the
Virgin
Mary
from
Original
sin
,
and
are
opposed
by
the
Parisians
.
Annates
or
First-fruits
granted
against
the
Turks
.
In
the
East
,
Constantinople
is
besieged
8
years
by
Bajazet
.
Manuel
goeth
into
Italy
for
aide
against
the
Turk
.
Philadelphia
taken
by
the
Turk
,
with
other
places
:
Caria
submitteth
.
Constantinople
.
Bajazet
hangeth
the
King
of
Caramania
,
and
subdueth
his
Country
.
He
is
defeated
at
Mount
Stella
by
Tamerlan
,
fettered
with
gold
,
and
incaged
.
His
son
Solyman
is
kinged
at
Adrianople
,
Bajazet
beateth
out
his
own
brains
,
civil
Wars
among
his
sons
15
years
:
Tamerlan
restores
to
the
Christians
the
Countries
taken
by
Bajazet
.
In
the
West
,
the
Jews
are
expelled
Germany
,
and
peace
concluded
there
:
the
Emperour
is
imprisoned
,
and
escapeth
.
The
Bishop
of
Magdeburg
,
and
Saxony
quarrell
.
Iohn
Galeas
of
Milan
made
Duke
for
100000
crowns
.
Savoy
made
a
Dutchie
.
The
Electors
d●…pose
Wenceslaus
,
and
choose
Frederick
Duke
of
Brunswick
,
who
is
slain
by
the
Bishop
of
Mentz
procurement
,
and
Robert
Palsgrave
succeeds
10
years
.
In
France
the
Duke
of
Britain
invades
the
Constables
possessions
:
the
King
marching
against
him
,
falls
mad
.
Burgundy
made
chief
Regent
,
he
banisheth
the
Constable
:
the
King
recovereth
,
and
relapseth
at
a
Masque
:
The
Regent
incenseth
the
Queen
against
the
Duke
of
Orleans
,
as
if
he
aimed
at
the
Kings
death
and
his
chi●…drens
.
The
French
reduce
the
Millanois
to
the
obedience
of
the
Dutchess
,
the
Kings
brothers
wife
.
Iohn
of
Castile
killed
by
a
fall
from
his
horse
,
to
whom
succeeded
Henry
3.
his
son
17
years
.
The
Rebels
of
Russia
subdued
by
the
Polander
.
The
King
of
Poland
Ladislaus
,
claimeth
Hungary
,
but
is
opposed
:
his
brother
Vitondus
made
great
Duke
of
Lituania
;
he
invadeth
Scythia
and
is
overthrown
by
Tamerlan
.
Sigismund
of
Hungary
makes
peace
with
the
Polander
for
16
years
:
he
puts
to
death
32
Lords
.
Margaret
of
Denmark
makes
a
League
with
the
Prince
of
Rugia
,
and
with
the
Earl
of
Holst
,
and
Duke
of
Scleswick
.
Stockholm
stands
out
against
the
Queens
decree
,
it
is
besieged
.
Albert
promiseth
to
deliver
it
in
3
years
,
in
performance
whereof
,
Lubec
,
Dansk
,
and
some
other
Hance-towns
are
pledged
.
Stockholm
surrendred
.
Copper-Mines
adjudged
to
the
Crown
.
Ericus
,
Margarets
sisters
son
,
is
associated
;
he
recovereth
Gothland
,
paying
to
the
Teutonicks
9000
Nobles
.
Wenceslaus
of
Bohemia
escapeth
3
times
out
of
prison
:
He
knighted
the
Fisherma●…●…hat
helped
him
.
The
Earl
of
Holland
reconciled
to
the
Lords
,
whom
he
suspect●…d
to
have
slain
his
Steward
and
Concubine
:
His
son
is
disgraced
at
Table
in
the
French
Court
,
because
William
the
second's
body
was
not
recovered
from
the
Frisons
;
whereupon
the
Frisons
are
beaten
,
and
the
body
brought
thence
to
Valenciens
,
and
there
buried
.
Martin
King
of
Aragon
setleth
Sicily
on
his
son
.
In
England
,
the
King
quarrels
with
London
,
for
not
lending
him
1000
l.
The
Irish
rebell
,
and
are
beaten
:
Warwick
banished
,
and
Arundel
beheaded
;
Glocester
smothered
at
Calis
by
Moubray
;
Hereford
and
Moubray
banished
.
Mortimer
next
heir
to
the
Crown
slain
by
the
Irish
;
the
King
to
be
revenged
goeth
thither
:
At
his
return
he
is
taken
,
and
resigneth
to
the
Duke
of
Hereford
.
In
Scotland
,
Robert
3.
reigns
17
years
.
Great
troubles
raised
by
Duncan
Earl
of
Buchan
.
600
Highlanders
decide
their
quarrel
before
the
King.
The
Earl
of
March
falleth
off
to
the
English
,
and
with
Hotspur
wastes
the
borders
.
Wark-Castle
taken
by
the
Scots
.
In
the
Church
,
to
Clement
the
Antipope
succeedeth
Bennet
13.
Boniface
,
upon
the
intreaty
of
the
Princes
,
is
willing
to
resign
,
but
Bennet
denieth
:
He
is
imprisoned
at
Avignon
by
the
French
king
,
and
escapes
.
One
Synod
held
this
Decad
at
Westminster
,
where
Appeals
to
Rome
are
inhibited
,
and
First-fruits
opposed
.
Because
Christ
began
to
preach
at
thirty
years
,
therefore
the
Jubilee
is
reduced
to
thirty
years
.
Iohn
Hus
appeareth
;
divers
of
his
Disciples
burnt
at
Auspurg
.
The
Order
of
White-coats
in
Italy
now
began
;
they
professed
extraordinary
sanctimony
.
Greek
being
forgot
in
Italy
700
years
,
is
brought
thither
again
by
Chrysolorus
.
In
the
East
,
Isa
being
expelled
by
his
brother
Mahomet
from
Prusa
,
flieth
to
Constantinople
.
Prusa
,
Nice
,
and
Nicapolis
;
He
refused
to
marry
Tamerlans
daughter
;
He
expels
his
brother
Isa
into
Carmania
,
where
he
died
obscurely
.
Solyman
takes
Prusa
,
against
whom
Musa
another
brother
is
imployed
by
Mahomet
;
who
having
married
the
Prince
of
Valachia's
daughter
,
is
received
King
at
Adrianople
in
Solyman's
absence
:
But
the
Greek
Emperor
helpeth
Solyman
,
and
expels
Musa
,
who
suddenly
assaulting
Solyman
in
his
riot
,
strangles
him
and
possesseth
his
kingdome
,
and
besiegeth
the
Greek
Emperor
in
Constantinople
for
aiding
Solyman
.
In
the
Isthmus
of
Peloponnesus
,
a
Wall
is
built
neer
to
Corinth
against
incursions
.
In
the
West
,
Prague
is
besieged
,
because
Wenceslaus
will
not
release
the
Imperial
Cities
from
their
Oath
made
to
him
.
Erfort
wasted
.
A
sedition
in
Mentz
.
In
France
,
the
Regent
dieth
,
and
Orleance
is
made
Regent
.
Nemours
is
bestowed
on
the
King
of
Navar
by
the
French
King.
The
Duke
of
Burgundy
opposeth
the
Regent
in
his
Taxes
.
The
Duke
raiseth
an
Army
,
and
is
in
shew
made
friends
with
the
Regent
▪
who
crosseth
the
Dukes
intent
in
besieging
Calice
:
He
murthers
the
Regent
,
flieth
into
Flanders
,
and
returns
with
an
Army
,
justifieth
his
fact
,
is
absolved
,
and
reconciled
to
the
sons
of
Orleans
;
his
daughter
is
married
to
the
Dolphin
.
The
Teutonicks
are
called
into
Poland
by
the
Kings
brother
,
who
rebelleth
,
but
is
beaten
by
Vitondus
.
Ladislaus
kills
50000.
Teutonicks
in
Lituania
,
and
takes
the
Master
,
with
many
prisoners
.
Ladislaus
son
to
Andrew
is
sent
for
by
the
Hungarian
Lords
.
Sigismund
flieth
into
Moravia
,
and
by
the
Bohemian
help
recovers
Hungary
.
Ladislaus
returne●…h
into
Italy
.
Steven
the
Vaivod
executed
for
rebellion
,
and
intelligence
with
the
Turks
,
who
defeat
Sigismund
.
He
quarrels
with
the
Venetians
.
Gothland
is
redeemed
from
the
Teutonicks
;
the
Danes
defeated
in
Frisia
.
The
Holsatians
pawned
Flensburg
and
News
to
the
King
of
Denmark
.
The
Genuans
beaten
at
sea
by
the
Venetians
,
who
protect
the
Vicenzans
.
Escalla
of
Verona
poysoned
by
Novello
,
who
kills
his
sons
,
and
takes
the
City
.
Novello
cuts
off
the
eares
and
noses
of
the
Venetian
Ambassadors
;
but
he
being
taken
and
his
three
children
,
with
Verona
and
Padua
,
are
all
strangled
at
Venice
.
They
buy
Zara
from
Ladislaus
for
100000
Crowns
.
Iohn
Bishop
of
Liege
is
expelled
for
refusing
to
take
Orders
;
he
is
aided
by
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
who
burned
the
City
and
slew
36000.
Parvis
helps
the
Liegeois
,
who
makes
his
son
Bishop
;
both
are
killed
by
Iohns
friends
,
with
40000
people
;
the
Bishop
is
restored
,
and
the
City
fined
at
200000
Crowns
.
In
England
,
Henry
4.
reigneth
13
years
.
Exeter
,
Surry
,
and
Aumarle
executed
for
striving
to
restore
Richard
,
who
is
starved
at
Pomfret
.
The
Queen
returns
into
France
.
At
Hallydown-hill
the
Scots
are
beaten
;
the
English
defeated
in
Wales
.
A
Battel
at
Shrewsbury
between
the
King
and
some
Lords
.
A
rebellion
raised
by
Mowbray
and
the
Archbishop
of
York
.
Barwick
and
other
Castles
taken
by
the
King.
The
Earl
of
Northumberland
fleeth
into
Wales
.
Glendower
spoileth
the
Marches
;
he
is
aided
by
the
French
with
140
sail
.
The
Prince
invadeth
Scotland
.
Northumberland
and
the
Lord
Bardolf
overcome
and
slain
.
A
false
Richard
entertained
in
Scotland
.
Wark-Castle
taken
by
the
Scots
.
Prince
David
starved
by
the
Duke
of
Albany
the
Kings
brother
.
Douglasse
kills
many
at
Shrewsbury
.
Prince
Iames
going
into
France
,
is
taken
by
the
English
;
his
father
at
the
news
thereof
dieth
with
grief
.
Robert
Duke
of
Albany
Regent
.
The
Scots
enter
England
.
The
Earl
of
March
is
reconciled
to
the
Regent
.
In
the
Church
,
Boniface
9.
yet
sitteth
.
Bononia
with
some
other
places
recovered
from
Galeas
by
the
Pope
.
To
him
succeeded
Innocent
4.
2
years
:
He
removeth
into
Viterbium
,
upon
a
sedition
raised
by
Ladislaus
of
Sicily
against
him
.
Gregory
12.
succeedeth
:
He
swears
to
resign
for
the
peace
of
the
Church
:
He
forbids
all
union
between
his
Cardinals
and
those
of
France
.
A
Pasquil
set
up
in
Rome
against
him
:
The
Devil
discharging
him
of
his
oath
,
his
forces
beat
Ladislaus
out
of
Rome
.
Lewis
Duke
of
Anjou
,
confirmed
King
of
Naples
.
2
Synods
in
this
Decad
;
one
at
Aquilcia
,
the
other
at
Pisa
,
where
Gregory
and
Bennet
are
deposed
,
and
Alexander
5.
chosen
.
The
Order
of
the
White-coats
is
condemned
.
A
Church
at
Luca
built
to
the
Crucifix
.
In
the
East
,
Musa
is
taken
and
strangled
by
Mahomet
,
who
reigns
8
years
.
Orchanes
,
Solymans
son
,
is
taken
,
and
his
eyes
are
put
out
.
Carmania
subdued
,
and
the
Varachian
Bohemia
.
Zisca
rebelleth
,
and
becomes
Captain
of
the
Hussites
.
In
France
,
the
Duke
of
Berry
with
the
sons
of
Orleans
make
a
faction
against
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
whom
the
Dolphin
also
opposeth
.
Burgundy
plots
the
death
of
Berry
,
Burbon
,
and
Orleans
.
The
Dolphin
is
Regent
,
and
Burgundy
proclaimed
Traitor
;
he
makes
his
peace
.
Agincourt-Battel
.
Burgundy
leagueth
with
England
.
The
Dolphin
dieth
,
and
the
Queen
is
Regent
.
Normandy
invaded
by
the
English
;
The
Queen
confined
to
Tours
;
Burgundy
doth
all
;
The
Constable
,
Chancellor
,
and
1600
murthered
.
The
English
get
the
Isle
of
France
and
Normandy
.
The
Dolphin
murthereth
the
Burgundian
.
In
Spain
,
15000
Moors
are
slain
:
Arragon
united
to
Sicily
:
Ferdinand
Perez
King
of
Sevil
,
buyes
the
Canaries
from
the
King
thereof
.
〈◊〉
of
Poland
subdueth
much
of
Prusia
,
and
defeateth
the
Teutonicks
,
and
brings
5●…
of
their
Colours
into
Cracovia
.
Sigismund
pawneth
Sepus●…n
to
Ladislaus
;
He
grants
peace
to
the
Teutonicks
for
2
years
.
Upon
the
Popes
request
.
Pipus
the
Florentine
takes
many
places
from
the
Venetians
for
Sigismund
of
Hungary
;
but
being
corrupted
by
Venetian
gold
,
is
by
Sigismund
choked
with
molten
gold
.
5
years
peace
between
Hungary
and
Venice
.
The
Danes
are
defeated
in
Frisia
.
Margaret
of
Denmark
dieth
,
and
Ericus
reigneth
alone
25
years
:
wars
between
him
and
the
Dukes
of
Holst
about
the
Dutchy
of
Scleswick
.
Wickliffs
books
are
burnt
in
Prague
,
which
made
a
sedition
.
Moravia
is
united
to
Bohemia
:
7
Senators
at
Prague
cast
out
at
the
windows
.
Sigismund
the
Emperour
,
upon
his
brothers
death
,
reigneth
in
Bohemia
20
years
.
40000
rebel
with
Zisca
.
The
Venetians
recover
divers
places
taken
by
Pipus
:
A
part
of
St.
Marks
Church
the
Palace
burnt
;
a
Decree
made
against
the
building
of
a
new
Palace
.
The
Duke
reverseth
the
Decree
of
paying
1000
Ducats
:
the
Turks
claim
Ionia
from
them
;
They
take
Lampsacum
.
In
Flanders
,
Philip
the
Good
rules
44
years
;
he
sideth
with
the
English.
The
Frisons
revolt
from
Holland
:
the
Earl
dyeth
,
being
bitten
by
a
mad
dog
.
Iaquelin
his
daughter
succeeds
18
years
.
The
Bishop
of
Liege
resigneth
his
Bishoprick
,
and
obtains
of
the
Emperour
the
Earldom
of
Holland
,
being
escheated
for
want
of
heirs-male
.
In
England
,
Henry
the
5.
reigned
9
years
,
he
banisheth
the
French
:
some
French
executed
for
Treason
.
At
Agincourt
10000
French
slain
,
and
as
many
taken
by
the
English
.
The
Emperour
cometh
into
England
;
he
with
Burgundy
fide
with
the
English
:
Harfleu
besieged
,
and
relieved
:
the
English
take
Caen
,
and
other
places
.
The
Genuans
,
French
and
Scots
defeated
:
Queen
Ioan
suspected
of
Sorcery
,
and
commit●…ed
.
Peace
with
France
and
Burgundy
.
Donald
of
the
Isles
,
recovers
his
Earldom
of
Rosse
:
Wars
between
him
and
the
Earl
of
Mar.
Barwick
and
Roxburg
besieged
by
Albany
and
Douglas
.
In
the
Church
,
sits
Alexander
5.
11
moneths
,
then
Iohn
22.
He
removeth
to
Ariminum
.
Gregory
stayeth
at
Rome
,
and
Benet
goeth
out
of
France
into
Aragon
.
Iohn
goeth
to
the
Councel
at
Constance
,
he
with
Benet
are
deposed
.
Gregory
resigneth
,
and
is
made
chief
Cardinal
.
Iohn
in
a
disguise
is
taken
and
imprisoned
.
Martin
5.
is
chosen
7
years
,
and
so
this
Schism
endeth
.
The
Pope
goeth
from
Constance
against
the
will
of
the
Emperor
,
and
so
the
Councel
endeth
.
The
Pope
loseth
some
Towns.
In
this
Decad
was
held
the
Councel
of
Constance
,
where
were
4
Patriarchs
,
29
Cardinals
,
346
Bishops
,
564
Abbots
and
Doctors
,
besides
multitudes
of
fecular
Princes
.
In
this
Councel
were
found
of
the
Benedictines
15107
houses
in
Europe
.
Huss
is
first
Excommunicated
;
his
books
,
and
then
himself
,
burnt
.
Wickliffs
Doctrine
is
condemned
,
and
his
books
burnt
.
Ierome
of
Prague
is
also
burnt
:
their
ashes
cast
into
the
river
.
Sir
Iohn
Oldcastle
hanged
and
burnt
for
Religion
.
Gerson
persecuted
by
the
Pope
,
for
speaking
against
the
Roman
Church
.
Zisca's
followers
are
called
Thaborites
.
In
the
East
,
Iohn
7.
son
to
Andronicus
,
reigned
5
years
;
then
Iohn
8.
20
years
.
To
Mahomet
Harrings
.
Alphonsus
of
Arragon
first
adopted
by
Ioan
of
Naples
,
and
then
Lewis
of
Anjou
.
Arragon
and
Navar
joyn
against
Castile
.
Vitondus
accepteth
Bohemia
,
which
the
King
of
Poland
refused
.
The
Teutons
set
against
the
Polander
by
the
Emperour
:
the
King
breaks
his
leg
in
hunting
.
King
Ericus
of
Denmark
being
returned
from
Syria
,
freeth
all
that
should
build
timberhouses
in
Elsenore
from
Taxes
for
10
years
,
and
for
20
those
that
built
of
stone
.
The
League
renewed
between
Scotland
and
Denmark
.
Vandalia
forbid
Traffique
in
the
Danish
Seas
.
Henry
Duke
of
Scleswick
slain
in
scaling
the
walls
of
Flensburg
.
The
Pope
raiseth
forces
against
the
Hussites
.
3
Armies
of
Franks
,
Bavarians
,
and
Saxons
fall
upon
Bohemia
:
they
all
flee
away
without
fight
.
The
Venetians
denounce
War
against
Philip
of
Milan
,
for
oppressing
the
Florentines
.
Philip
takes
Brescia
,
which
again
revolted
.
Philip
of
Flanders
aideth
the
Duke
of
Brabant
against
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
and
makes
War
against
Iaquelin
of
Holland
,
whose
heir
he
got
himself
to
be
after
her
death
.
He
instituted
the
Order
of
the
Golden-fleece
.
The
Lords
of
Holland
dislike
Iohn
of
Brabant
,
and
call
in
his
brother
the
Earl
of
St.
Pol
,
but
the
Duke
is
received
,
and
the
faction
of
the
Countess
banished
.
Iaquelin
divorced
from
the
Duke
,
and
married
to
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
who
also
forsakes
her
.
King
Henry
of
England
is
declared
heir
of
France
,
and
Regent
during
the
life
of
Charls
.
The
Duke
of
Clarence
slain
;
the
King
pawneth
his
Crown
to
Cardinal
Beaufort
,
for
20000
l.
The
Duke
of
Bedford
Regent
of
France
.
Henry
6.
reigneth
in
England
38
years
;
he
is
crowned
King
of
France
.
The
French
beaten
at
Vernol
;
Great-Ordnance
now
first
used
in
England
.
Warwick
left
Lieutenant
in
France
.
Talbot
doth
good
service
in
France
;
Salisbury
slain
at
the
siege
of
Orleans
,
which
is
relieved
by
Ioan
of
Ark.
Suffolk
and
Talbot
taken
;
S.
Dennis
and
other
places
lost
by
the
English
:
the
Scots
aide
the
French
;
the
Earl
of
Buchan
Constable
of
France
:
King
Iames
carried
by
King
Henry
into
France
,
he
is
ransomed
;
Buchan
and
Douglasse
slain
at
Vernol
;
Mordo
with
his
two
sons
,
and
Lenox
,
executed
in
Scotland
for
oppression
;
Alexander
Lord
of
the
Isles
,
rebelleth
and
is
taken
;
his
brother
kils
the
Earl
of
Cathnesse
,
and
defeats
the
Earl
of
Mar.
Alexanders
brother
is
driven
into
Ireland
,
his
head
is
sent
thence
to
the
King.
In
the
Church
,
Clement
8.
is
chosen
Antipope
,
by
means
of
Alphonsus
of
Aragon
,
he
sate
8
years
;
he
is
forced
to
resigne
,
and
become
Bishop
of
Majorca
.
Pope
Martin
who
refused
to
give
the
title
of
Sicily
to
Alphonsus
,
is
reconciled
to
him
.
Iulian
the
Cardinal
sent
by
the
Pope
against
Bohemia
,
and
to
treat
with
the
Emperour
about
a
Synod
at
Basil
:
Rene
King
of
Sicily
,
striving
for
Lorrain
,
is
taken
.
Alphonsus
seiseth
on
Naples
.
At
Papia
was
a
Synod
held
,
which
because
of
the
Plague
,
was
removed
to
Sena
,
and
dissolved
by
the
Pope
,
for
fear
of
Aragon
.
The
Adamites
revive
in
Bohemia
;
and
the
Eremites
at
Rome
:
one
Sect
of
the
Thaborites
,
call
themselves
Orphans
,
for
the
losse
of
Zisca
.
Wickliff's
body
after
41
years
,
is
digged
up
and
burnt
.
In
the
East
,
the
Prince
of
Epirus
is
forced
to
send
his
three
sons
to
the
Turk
,
Scanderbeg
was
one
of
them
:
The
Turks
taketh
many
places
from
the
Christians
;
he
exoculateth
Fran.
Gonzaga
Prince
of
Millan
,
and
his
son
Lewis
Marquesse
of
Mantua
:
the
Empresse
imprisoned
upon
suspition
,
and
released
:
the
Emperour
died
of
a
surfeit
of
Melons
:
his
son
in
law
Albert
Duke
of
Austria
,
is
made
King
of
Bohemia
.
The
English
lose
Chartres
,
are
defeated
at
Vivaine
,
and
subdue
the
Normans
.
Paris
fals
off
to
the
French
,
the
Duke
of
Burbon
sets
up
the
Dolphin
,
who
are
reconciled
to
the
King.
The
Marshal
of
France
burnt
for
Witchcraft
.
Peace
made
between
Castile
and
Portugall
.
The
Moores
are
beaten
.
The
Genuans
take
Arragon
,
Navar
,
with
100
Princes
,
and
200
Knights
at
Cajetta
;
they
are
sent
to
the
Duke
of
Millan
,
and
by
him
released
.
The
Castilians
and
Portugals
beaten
by
the
Moors
.
Alphonsus
5.
obtains
many
victories
against
theMoors
;
great
troubles
in
Castile
about
the
Constable
.
A
sedition
of
Rusticks
in
Hungary
.
Ladislaus
of
Poland
,
hath
fealty
sworn
to
him
by
the
Vayvod
of
Valachia
.
The
Swedes
rebell
against
the
Danes
;
the
King
hardly
escapeth
with
his
treasure
into
Gothland
.
Christopher
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
sisters
son
to
Ericus
,
is
sent
to
,
to
be
King.
Iulian
the
Cardinal
flyeth
out
of
Bohemia
.
The
Thaborites
take
divers
towns
.
The
Cup
is
allowed
to
the
Bohemians
in
the
Councel
of
Basil.
Bohemia
much
distracted
upon
the
death
of
Sigismund
.
The
Venetians
defeat
Philip
of
Millans
forces
by
sea
;
they
fight
with
him
neer
Cremona
.
Millan
invaded
by
the
Duke
of
Savoy
and
Montferrat
.
Philip
loseth
many
places
,
and
his
Generall
is
taken
.
Flanders
spoiled
by
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
who
carrieth
away
many
captive
Children
.
The
Hollanders
for
scouring
the
Seas
from
the
Easterlings
,
have
carried
a
Broom
ever
since
on
their
main-top
.
Iaquelin
surrendreth
her
Countries
for
the
ransome
of
her
husband
.
Ione
of
Ark
is
burnt
for
a
Witch
.
The
Treaty
of
Arras
,
where
the
Burgundian
sideth
with
the
French
against
the
English
:
He
is
raised
by
the
Protector
of
England
from
the
siege
of
Callis
.
Warwick
the
Regent
spoileth
Picardy
.
The
French
twice
beaten
in
Normandy
.
In
Scotland
the
Earle
of
March
made
Earle
of
Buchan
.
Roxburg
besieged
by
the
Scots
King
,
who
is
murthered
by
the
Earle
of
Athol
.
His
son
Iames
2.
succeedeth
23
years
:
the
Chancellor
and
Regent
at
odds
,
and
are
reconciled
.
Douglasse
troubleth
the
State
;
the
Queen
takes
the
young
King
from
the
Chancellour
.
In
the
Church
,
Eugenius
4.
sits
15
years
;
the
Columnii
rebel
,
and
he
flieth
in
a
disguised
habite
to
Florence
;
the
people
fortifie
the
Popes
Castle
against
him
;
they
are
at
last
reconciled
:
he
helpeth
Rene
against
Alphonsus
;
he
attempteth
to
adjourn
the
Synod
of
Basil
to
Ferrara
;
but
is
opposed
and
suspended
by
the
Synod
:
It
is
decreed
,
that
the
Councel
is
above
the
Pope
.
The
Greek
Emperour
acknowledges
the
Popes
Supremacy
;
neverthelesse
he
is
deposed
by
the
Councel
of
Basil.
Queen
Ioan
of
Sicily
dieth
,
and
nameth
Rene
her
heire
,
who
now
was
a
Prisoner
in
Burdy
.
Alphonsus
is
taken
,
as
he
was
going
to
take
possession
.
The
Aragonians
defeated
by
Rene
;
the
Councel
of
Basil
continued
there
,
at
Ferrara
and
Florence
,
15
years
.
The
Bohemians
are
declared
sons
of
the
Church
by
the
Emperour
and
Bishop
of
Constance
;
this
was
engraven
on
Marble
,
in
golden
letters
at
Prague
;
their
pragmatical
Sanction
published
at
Paris
,
but
condemned
by
the
Pope
as
heretical
.
In
the
East
,
Theodore
the
Emperours
brother
,
and
the
Turk
besiege
Constantinople
:
The
Iohn
Huniades
.
Woldavia
won
by
the
Hungarians
.
Huniades
defeates
the
Turk
twice
,
and
kils
two
Bassas
.
Scanderbeg
escapeth
into
Epirus
,
and
possesseth
it
.
Bulgaria
lost
by
the
Turks
,
whereof
30000
were
slain
:
Peace
for
10
years
between
the
Turks
and
Hungarians
;
these
break
the
peace
and
are
defeated
by
the
Turks
at
Varna
.
Scanderbeg
refuseth
to
make
peace
with
the
Turk
.
Peloponnesus
taken
by
Amurath
.
Huniades
defeateth
the
Turks
in
Rascia
,
and
is
defeated
by
them
in
the
Plaines
of
Cassovia
.
Scanderbeg
overcomes
Mustopha
twice
;
Amurath
dieth
at
the
siege
of
Croja
:
To
him
succeeded
Mahomet
the
great
,
his
son
32
years
;
he
begins
with
the
murther
of
his
Brothers
.
In
the
West
,
Frederick
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
reigneth
53
years
:
Wars
in
Bavaria
between
Lewis
the
father
,
and
the
son
.
Lucelburg
sold
by
the
Emperour
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
causeth
war
:
The
Emperour
refuseth
the
Crown
of
Bohemia
.
Huniadies
makes
war
on
the
Emperour
for
not
restoring
the
King
,
and
Crown
of
Hungary
.
The
Imperial
Cities
and
Earl
of
Wiritzburg
fall
out
.
The
Norimbergers
defeated
8
times
by
Albert
of
Brandeburg
.
The
Duke
of
Burgundy
ransometh
the
Duke
of
Orleans
,
for
300000
Crowns
.
The
Parliament
of
Tholose
set
up
for
Languedoc
.
Diepe
besieged
by
Talbot
,
and
relieved
by
the
Dolphin
.
5
years
Truce
with
England
:
the
Duke
of
Britain
starveth
his
brother
,
for
intelligence
with
the
English.
Pont
L'
Arch
taken
from
the
English
by
the
Duke
of
Britain
,
who
with
French
help
,
recovereth
also
Normandy
.
War
between
Castile
and
Navar.
Ladislaus
of
Poland
is
chosen
King
of
Hungary
.
Casimire
the
Kings
brother
made
Duke
of
Lituania
,
the
Prince
thereof
being
slain
.
Silesia
wasted
by
the
Polanders
.
The
Turks
exoculate
the
Despot
of
Rascia
and
his
sons
,
who
fled
to
Ladislaus
;
war
between
Massovia
and
Lituania
.
The
King
is
killed
:
Casimire
refuseth
to
be
King
:
Boleslaus
Duke
of
Massovia
was
chosen
;
then
Casimire
accepted
it
,
and
reigned
45
years
:
He
neglects
Polonia
,
and
resides
in
Lituania
;
he
refuseth
his
Coronation-Oath
,
till
the
Polanders
began
to
reject
him
,
then
he
took
it
.
Ladislaus
being
chosen
King
of
Hungary
;
the
Queen
carrieth
her
son
and
crown
of
Hungary
to
the
Emperour
.
Iulian
the
Cardinal
perswades
the
Hungarians
to
break
the
10
years
peace
with
the
Turks
;
whereupon
the
King
is
defeated
and
slain
at
Varna
.
Ladislaus
Posthumus
succeeded
14
years
:
he
was
son
to
Albert.
Huniades
kils
the
Vaivod
of
Valachia
,
who
detained
him
,
after
the
battell
of
Varna
.
Huniades
and
the
Polander
fight
for
Valachia
.
Christopher
of
Bavaria
reigns
in
Suevia
8
years
;
he
restores
to
Adolphus
the
Dukedome
of
Scleswick
;
the
Rebels
in
Iutia
defeated
,
and
the
chief
of
them
executed
:
He
is
crowned
first
in
Suevia
,
then
in
Norway
and
Denmark
,
he
lost
much
treasure
by
shipwrack
;
to
him
succeeded
Christiernus
Earl
of
Oldenburg
30
years
;
Adolphus
Duke
of
Scleswick
was
named
,
but
he
refused
the
Crowns
.
The
Swedes
chose
Charls
son
to
Canutus
for
their
King.
In
Bohemia
,
Ladislaus
Posthumus
Alberts
son
reigneth
19
years
:
Menard
the
governour
is
imprisoned
,
and
Prague
taken
by
the
Thaborites
.
A
great
losse
of
goods
in
Venice
,
by
an
inundation
.
The
Venetians
take
all
from
Sforza
,
which
they
had
given
him
,
for
aiding
Philip
of
Millan
,
whom
they
defeat
,
and
take
Laudum
with
Placentia
.
Laudum
recovered
by
Sforza
.
Saint
Marks
Church
robbed
by
a
Cretan
of
two
Millions
of
Gold
;
the
Venetian
Embassador
murthered
by
Sforza
.
Philip
of
Flanders
restoreth
the
Dutchesse
of
Luxelburg
:
he
pacifieth
the
factions
of
Hoecks
and
Cabillaucks
.
An
inundation
at
Dort
destroyed
100000
people
.
Philip
and
the
Gauntois
make
war
,
because
they
refuse
to
pay
his
customes
of
Salt.
The
Duke
of
Orleans
who
had
been
prisoner
in
England
25
years
,
is
ransomed
by
Philip
Duke
of
Burgundy
;
who
was
therefore
called
the
Good.
The
Duke
of
Glocesters
wife
imprisoned
for
Sorcery
:
Pauls
steeple
fired
by
lightning
;
Whittington
builds
New-gate
and
a
Colledge
.
The
King
hath
with
Renes
daughter
,
whom
he
married
,
Awou
and
Mayne
.
Thomas
Eyre
built
Leaden-hall
:
The
Duke
of
Sommerset
made
Regent
of
France
:
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
and
the
Cardinal
of
Winchester
die
suddenly
,
within
fifteen
d●…yes
of
each
other
.
The
English
surprise
Fo●…geres
,
and
in
three
years
lose
Normandy
and
Gascoine
.
The
Irish
suppressed
:
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
beheaded
at
Sea.
Douglasse
and
his
brother
executed
at
Edenburg
:
William
sonne
to
Iames
Douglasse
,
the
Kings
favorite
,
displaceth
the
Chancellor
and
Regent
,
which
caused
much
mischief
:
,
Sir
Iames
Stuart
who
had
married
the
Kings
mother
banished
:
the
English
beaten
back
from
invading
Scotland
;
3
years
peace
concluded
.
Rene
expelled
out
of
Naples
by
Alphonsus
,
who
promiseth
to
pay
to
the
Pope
yearly
8000
ounces
of
Gold.
In
the
Church
,
Eugenius
sits
yet
,
in
whose
time
the
30
Schisme
breaks
out
:
Amadeus
Duke
of
Savoy
being
chosen
;
he
was
called
Foelix
5.
and
sate
9
years
,
having
been
Duke
40
years
,
he
became
an
Heremite
:
Eugenius
dieth
,
to
whom
succeedeth
Nicolas
5.
8
years
;
he
erected
the
Vatican
Library
:
Foelix
resigneth
,
and
is
made
Cardinal
and
Legat.
4
Synods
held
this
Decad
;
one
of
them
at
Lateran
;
to
nullifie
the
Councel
of
Basil.
The
Feast
of
our
Lady's
Visitation
instituted
at
Basil.
Palmerius
the
Chronologer
burnt
for
heresies
.
In
the
East
,
Constantinople
is
taken
,
the
Emperor
slain
,
and
60000
people
carried
away
captives
.
Scanderbeg
beateth
the
Turks
many
times
.
Mahomet
striketh
off
the
head
of
his
Dauphiny
.
Talbot
is
slain
,
the
Dolphin
rebelleth
,
and
flies
into
Burgundy
.
The
French
burn
Sandwich
;
the
Duke
of
Alenson
imprisoned
for
intelligence
with
the
English.
The
King
being
forewarned
of
poyson
,
abstained
so
long
from
meat
,
that
he
starved
himself
and
died
.
The
Moors
in
Andalusia
defeated
.
By
the
death
of
Charls
,
Navar
fell
to
Blanch
the
repudiated
wife
of
Henry
;
and
Arragon
to
Ferdinand
son
to
King
Iohn
.
To
Alphonsus
of
Arragon
succeeded
his
brother
Iohn
King
of
Navar
,
Father
to
Ferdinand
the
Catholick
,
21
years
,
Casimire
of
Poland
refuseth
to
restore
Prussia
to
the
Teutonick
:
at
last
he
is
defeated
by
them
.
Pedolia
invaded
by
the
Tartars
.
A
league
between
Poland
and
Bohemia
.
Huniades
made
Regent
of
Hungary
:
his
death
plotted
by
the
Earl
of
Cilia
.
Ulric
slain
by
Ladistaus
,
son
to
Huniades
;
he
is
executed
,
and
his
brother
Matthias
imprisoned
;
the
king
dieth
,
and
the
same
Matthias
is
chosen
,
32
years
:
he
was
forced
to
promise
to
his
keeper
Podiebral
,
who
was
Regent
of
Bohemia
,
to
marry
his
daughter
,
and
to
pay
him
60000
Crowns
.
Charls
of
Suevia
is
forced
for
his
tyranny
to
flie
to
Dansk
with
his
treasure
.
Christiern
is
chosen
King
of
Suevia
;
the
King
seiseth
upon
Scleswick
and
Holst
,
being
escheated
by
the
death
of
Adolphus
:
Hamburgh
submits
to
Denmark
.
Ulrick
Earl
of
Cilia
,
Governour
of
Austria
,
and
of
the
king
of
Bohemia's
person
;
he
is
removed
and
restored
;
the
King
dieth
.
Pediebard
crowned
,
he
reigned
13
years
;
he
is
opposed
by
Silesia
for
being
a
Thaborite
.
The
Venetians
expel
the
Florentines
out
of
their
territories
.
Cosmo
aideth
Sforza
against
them
,
who
taketh
Millan
,
and
is
honoured
by
the
Pope
with
a
rich
Sword.
A
peace
is
made
between
Venice
,
Florence
,
and
Sforza
.
The
French
king
offended
for
the
peace
made
between
England
and
the
Flemmings
.
Iack
Cade
rebelleth
in
Kent
,
and
is
executed
.
The
Duke
of
York
takes
arms
against
the
King
;
he
submits
,
and
swears
Fealty
.
He
accuseth
Sommerset
,
and
is
accused
by
him
;
Sommerset
sent
to
the
Tower
,
released
,
and
made
Captaine
of
Calice
.
York
,
Warwick
and
Salisbury
take
arms
;
the
battell
of
S.
Albans
;
The
King
hurt
and
taken
,
York
made
Protector
,
and
displaced
.
9
years
peace
with
Burgundy
.
Warwick
goeth
to
Calice
:
the
King
forces
beaten
at
Blore-heath
,
by
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
:
At
Ludlow
the
Yorkshire
men
take
arms
.
Douglasse
returning
from
Rome
is
pardoned
,
and
made
Vice-roy
;
He
is
slain
at
Sterling
,
for
plotting
against
the
King
:
His
brother
Iames
besiegeth
it
,
and
is
forced
thence
by
Huntly
:
His
forces
forsake
him
,
he
flieth
into
England
:
The
Family
of
the
Douglasses
put
to
the
Horne
.
Archbishop
of
S.
Andrews
made
Chancellor
.
Douglasse
with
the
English
invade
Scotland
:
the
King
at
the
siege
of
Roxburg
is
slain
by
the
breaking
of
a
Cannon
.
In
the
Church
,
Calixtus
3.
sits
3
years
;
he
procured
a
warr
between
the
Persian
and
Turk
,
he
left
behinde
him
500000
crowns
.
Pius
2.
succeedeth
5
years
;
He
was
Aenaeas
Sylvius
,
and
Scribe
in
the
Councel
of
Basil
;
he
will
have
no
appeals
from
the
Pope
to
a
Councel
;
he
thought
otherwayes
at
Basil.
Calixtus
3.
instituted
the
Feast
of
Christs
transfiguration
,
upon
the
defeating
of
the
Turks
in
Hungary
.
In
the
East
,
Ussum
Cassanes
the
Persian
makes
war
against
Mahomet
.
Mytilene
and
other
places
taken
by
the
Turks
.
Trapezund
taken
.
David
the
Emperor
and
his
two
sons
killed
.
Mahomet
taketh
Chalci●…
from
the
Venetians
.
The
Governor
of
Mysia
flei'd
.
Vienna
.
Brunswick
makes
war
against
the
Hans-towns
.
The
Emperor
entertained
at
Rome
by
the
Pope
.
The
Turks
enter
Germany
.
In
France
,
Lewis
11
reigneth
22
years
:
His
covetousnesse
causeth
a
Civil
war
:
He
redeems
the
Towns
morgaged
to
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
at
the
Treaty
of
Arras
:
The
Duke
with
the
Lords
besiege
Paris
;
the
King
disperseth
the
Lords
by
fair
promises
.
He
takes
the
Dutchy
of
Normandy
from
his
brother
,
and
flieth
to
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
.
The
King
makes
the
Duke
of
Britain
to
renounce
the
League
with
Burgundy
,
and
causeth
Liege
to
rebell
against
the
Duke
.
The
Dutchy
of
Guyen
bestowed
on
the
Kings
brother
.
Divers
Lord●…
of
Castile
league
against
Henry
their
King
;
they
force
him
to
put
away
his
supposed
daughter
,
and
to
declare
his
brother
Alphonsus
heir
.
Alphonsus
is
crowned
,
and
Henry
deposed
;
but
at
last
Henry
prevaileth
,
and
Alphonsus
dieth
.
Peace
setled
in
Castile
,
and
Isabel
the
Kings
sister
is
declared
heir
,
she
marrieth
Ferdinand
of
Arragon
.
Marieburg
yields
to
the
King
of
Poland
.
Pomerania
after
180
years
united
to
Polonia
.
Peace
with
the
Teutonicks
.
Ladislaus
the
Kings
son
is
designed
King
of
Bohemia
,
after
the
death
of
George
.
The
Tartars
defeated
by
the
Vaivod
of
Moldavia
.
Matthias
is
crowned
King
of
Hungary
at
Alba
;
Venice
alloweth
him
60000
Crowns
yearly
,
and
the
Pope
50000
against
the
Turks
:
his
Uncle
is
beheaded
at
Constantinople
by
the
Turks
.
Transilvania
reduced
by
Matthias
;
he
is
beaten
and
wounded
in
Valachia
,
by
the
Vayvods
treachery
.
War
with
Bohemia
.
10000
Captives
carried
away
by
the
Turk
out
of
Hungary
.
The
Swed
s
rebell
against
the
Danes
:
the
King
forced
to
flie
.
Charles
is
sent
for
,
but
quickly
forsaketh
them
again
.
A
rebellion
in
Holst
by
Gerard
the
Kings
brother
,
who
is
imprisoned
.
The
Danes
take
two
English
ships
:
Their
goods
and
persons
attached
in
England
.
Gerard
expelled
out
of
Holst
.
King
George
of
Bohemia
condemned
by
the
Pope
of
heresie
;
Matthias
of
Hungary
set
up
against
him
.
The
Venetians
lose
Negropont
to
the
Turk
.
Charles
of
Burgundy
helps
the
Pope
against
the
Turk
;
he
falls
out
with
his
father
,
and
is
reconciled
again
.
Arnold
Duke
of
Guelders
imprisoned
a
year
by
his
son
.
Liege
submits
and
is
pardoned
.
Philip
dieth
:
His
son
Charles
succeedeth
10
years
;
he
demolisheth
Liege
for
rebelling
.
Gaunt
submits
and
is
pardoned
.
In
England
,
York
is
attainted
,
and
the
King
taken
.
York
confirmed
Heir
to
the
Crown
;
he
is
slain
by
the
Queen
:
his
son
Edward
defeats
the
Queens
forces
,
and
she
his
.
Edward
4.
reigns
22
years
.
Henry
and
the
Queen
are
overcome
,
and
flie
into
Scotland
.
The
Queen
enters
Northumberland
with
French
forces
,
and
is
beaten
:
the
King
flieth
into
Wales
;
he
is
taken
disguised
,
and
sent
to
the
Tower.
Sheep
transported
into
Spain
.
The
King
marrieth
the
Lady
Elizabeth
Gray
.
Warwick
plotteth
against
King
Edward
,
who
is
defeated
,
and
committed
to
the
Archbishop
of
York
;
he
escapeth
to
London
;
He
defeats
the
Lincolnshir-men
.
Warwick
and
Clarence
flie
into
France
;
Edward
flieth
to
Burgundy
.
Henry
released
,
and
the
Crown
entailed
upon
Clarence
;
Warwick
is
made
Regent
.
In
Scotland
,
Iames
3.
reigneth
28
years
;
Roxburg
and
Wark-Castles
taken
;
Donald
of
the
Isles
rebelleth
,
and
is
killed
.
King
Henry
resigns
Barwick
to
the
Scots
;
Peace
with
England
15
years
.
The
Lords
of
Barcellone
call
in
Rene
to
be
King
of
Castile
;
the
French
assist
.
In
the
Church
sits
Paul
2.
6
years
:
He
was
a
Dunce
;
therefore
hated
Scholars
.
He
imprisoned
Platina
and
Pomponius
Leans
;
He
spent
upon
the
Emperors
entertainment
in
17
dayes
18000l
.
Cardinals
are
priviledged
to
ride
on
Mules
.
Divers
bribe
the
Turk
,
to
be
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
.
In
the
East
,
the
Turks
are
twice
beaten
by
the
Persians
.
Dalmatia
,
Austria
,
Mysia
,
Bosna
,
Taurica
Chersonesus
,
and
are
beaten
in
Valachia
.
Ali-Beg
defeated
in
Hungary
.
The
Turks
do
much
hurt
in
Hungary
,
Dacia
,
and
Venetian
territories
;
30000
Turks
killed
in
Transilvania
;
divers
Islands
taken
by
the
Turk
.
In
the
West
,
war
between
the
Palatine
and
Bavare
about
Mentz
:
The
Grisons
league
with
the
Helvetians
:
The
Archbishop
of
Strigonium
flieth
to
the
Emperor
with
much
treasure
;
he
is
made
Archbishop
of
Saltzburgh
.
Matthias
of
Hungary
subdueth
much
of
Austria
:
Peace
with
Hungary
.
The
French
King
takes
Amiens
and
S.
Quintins
from
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
who
recovereth
S.
Quintins
;
he
hireth
one
to
kill
the
King.
The
Constable
seeketh
to
corrupt
Burbon
.
Peace
with
France
and
England
;
peace
also
between
Burgundy
and
Britain
;
The
Constable
is
executed
.
Orange
made
a
Principality
subject
to
France
.
At
Digion
in
Burgundy
,
a
Parliament
is
erected
:
The
King
takes
divers
Towns
from
the
Dutchesse
of
Burgundy
.
The
Switzers
begin
to
serve
the
French
:
The
Archers
are
put
down
,
which
were
instituted
by
Charles
7.
The
Bishop
of
Pampelone
killed
by
the
Constable
,
upon
suspition
of
adultery
with
the
Queen
.
Ferdinand
the
Catholique
reigneth
41
yeares
;
He
and
Isabel
claim
Portugal
,
and
seise
on
it
;
she
is
declared
heire
of
Castile
.
The
first
Voyage
of
Spanlards
to
Guiny
.
In
hatred
to
Matthias
,
Casimir
is
made
King
of
Poland
;
but
he
is
reconciled
to
the
people
,
and
Casimir
returneth
.
Poland
invaded
by
the
Hungarian's
,
and
Russia
by
the
Tartars
.
The
Teutonicks
renew
the
war
with
Poland
,
and
then
submit
:
the
Tartars
waste
Podolia
,
and
the
Turks
Carinthia
.
It
was
agreed
,
that
Matthias
of
Hungary
should
enjoy
Moravia
and
Silesia
for
his
life-time
,
and
should
be
stiled
King
of
Bohemia
;
but
after
his
death
,
these
Provinces
should
return
to
Bohemia
on
payment
of
600000
Crowns
,
and
the
rest
of
Bohemia
should
fall
to
Matthias
,
if
he
survived
Ladislaus
.
Much
mischief
done
by
the
Turks
in
Hungary
,
during
the
Nuptials
of
the
King
with
the
Daughter
of
Arragon
.
Matthias
recovers
from
the
Turks
30000
Captives
,
and
wasteth
their
Country
30
miles
:
He
takes
also
divers
Towns
in
Styria
,
because
the
Emperor
kept
not
promise
.
The
King
of
Denmark
enters
Suevia
,
without
acting
any
thing
;
He
is
honorably
entertained
at
Rome
.
George
of
Bohemia
dieth
with
grief
,
that
the
Prince
was
taken
by
Matthias
.
Ladislaus
the
son
of
Casimir
is
elected
46
years
.
Matthias
being
rejected
,
invadeth
Bohemia
.
Sicily
and
Venice
league
against
the
Turks
;
they
spoil
divers
Turkish
places
.
The
King
of
Cyprus
doth
bequeath
his
Wife
and
Kingdom
to
the
Venetians
:
they
settle
her
in
it
.
The
Turks
are
driven
from
the
siege
of
Lepanto
;
Peace
is
made
with
them
.
S.
Quintins
taken
by
the
French
,
they
invade
Burgundy
.
The
Burgundian
sideth
with
King
Edward
against
King
Henry
.
The
Frisons
refuse
to
pay
the
Chimney-penny
demanded
by
the
Duke
:
he
prevailed
in
France
.
The
Duke
of
Guelders
being
angry
with
his
Sonne
,
sells
his
Dutchy
to
the
Burgundian
for
92000
Florens
,
and
an
annual
pension
.
The
Emperor
refuseth
to
make
the
Duke
King
of
Burgundy
;
and
he
denieth
to
match
his
Daughter
with
his
Son
Maximilian
.
The
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
Rene
Duke
of
Lorain
,
invade
each
others
territories
.
Nancy
,
which
Rene
had
taken
,
is
besieged
by
Duke
Charls
,
who
is
slain
there
:
his
daughter
Mary
succeeded
:
the
French
seise
on
some
places
of
the
Dutchy
:
Maximilian
is
espoused
to
her
,
and
the
Dolphin
rejected
.
Henault
recovered
from
the
French
;
Guelders
revolteth
;
the
French
lose
Tournay
;
the
Lord
of
Montigny
is
made
Governor
of
Holland
.
In
England
King
Henry
is
taken
by
Edward
,
and
committed
;
Warwick
killed
in
Barnet-Fight
;
the
Queen
is
taken
;
Glocester
murthers
the
King
and
Prince
;
Pembrook
and
Richmond
escape
into
Britany
;
Oxford
sent
prisoner
into
Normandy
;
the
Lawes
of
Henry
cancelled
:
the
Burgundian
animateth
the
King
against
the
French
,
but
faileth
him
;
therefore
he
makes
peace
with
France
,
upon
a
match
between
the
Dolphin
and
his
daughter
Elizabeth
.
The
King
bribes
the
Duke
of
Britany
to
have
the
Earl
of
Richmond
,
but
faileth
:
George
Duke
of
Clarence
condemned
of
treason
;
he
is
drowned
in
a
But
of
Malmsey
in
the
Tower
:
the
King
hated
for
his
covetousnesse
.
The
king
of
Denmark
relinquisheth
his
Title
to
the
Orcades
,
upon
the
matching
of
his
daughter
Margaret
to
the
King
of
Scotland
.
S.
Andrews
made
an
Archbishoprick
:
the
King
persecutes
the
Archbishop
,
gives
himself
to
magick
and
oppression
;
he
makes
one
Cockram
a
Mason
his
favourite
:
Iohn
Earl
of
Mar
the
Kings
brother
,
for
treason
,
hath
his
veins
opened
,
so
that
he
bleedeth
to
death
.
In
the
Church
sate
Sixtus
4.
13
years
:
He
sets
out
a
Fleet
against
the
Turks
;
A
Jubile
at
Rome
,
the
Jubile
now
reduced
to
25
years
:
He
erecteth
Glascow
and
S.
Andrews
into
Archbishopricks
in
Scotland
;
in
Castile
he
instituteth
the
Inquisition
against
the
Jewes
and
Moors
.
Weselius
a
Preacher
at
Worms
,
burnt
for
speaking
against
Indulgences
.
In
the
East
,
to
Mahomet
succeeded
his
son
Bajazet
2.
32
years
:
Zemes
another
son
aspireth
Rhodes
.
Epirus
recovered
by
Iohn
son
to
Scanderbeg
;
the
Turks
lose
Bosna
;
they
take
Valachia
,
and
invade
Moldavia
.
Bajazet
attempted
to
destroy
the
Janizaries
,
but
failing
,
temporiseth
with
them
:
He
bestows
other
lands
on
the
King
of
Caramania
for
his
kingdom
.
The
two
Bassa's
sent
against
Egypt
for
receiving
of
Zemes
,
are
defeated
and
taken
.
Ba●…azet
sues
to
the
Egyptian
Sultan
for
peace
:
Zemes
is
sent
to
the
Pope
:
The
Despot
of
Servia
takes
7000
Turks
with
their
plunder
,
and
rescueth
10000
Captives
.
In
the
West
,
Matthias
takes
Vienna
with
other
places
.
Maximilian
chosen
King
of
the
Romans
:
the
Duke
of
Saxony
helpeth
the
Emperor
against
Matthias
,
and
peace
is
made
:
Maximilian
invades
Picardy
,
takes
Artois
,
Arras
,
and
Burgundy
;
he
brings
back
his
daughter
that
was
betrothed
to
the
French
king
;
he
takes
Belgrad
upon
the
death
of
Matthias
.
In
France
,
Charls
8.
reigns
14
years
:
The
Duke
of
Orleans
leagueth
with
divers
Lords
against
the
Kings
sister
who
was
Regent
;
they
submit
,
and
league
again
:
the
King
prevails
against
the
Britains
:
Orleans
committed
to
the
Castle
of
Bourges
,
and
afterward
released
:
The
Duke
of
Britain
being
dead
,
king
Charles
takes
divers
places
from
his
daughter
and
heir
Anne
;
the
difference
is
referred
to
Maximilian
,
he
takes
her
part
.
Francis
of
Navar
poysoned
;
his
sister
Katherine
succeedeth
.
The
Castilians
take
the
Canaries
.
The
Duke
of
Braganza
executed
,
for
intelligence
with
Castile
.
Many
Towns
taken
in
Granado
.
Castile
takes
Malaga
from
the
Moors
:
the
Portugals
begin
to
fail
to
the
East
:
the
Friars
of
Jerusalem
receive
an
annual
pension
of
1000
Ducats
from
the
king
of
Castile
.
Charles
of
Anjou
dieth
;
he
was
Titular
king
of
Naples
and
Sicily
,
from
him
the
French
kings
claim
their
titles
to
those
kingdoms
.
Novograd
in
Lituania
is
taken
by
the
Muscovites
.
Casimir
the
King
of
Poland's
son
,
will
rather
die
,
then
lie
with
a
Woman
to
recover
his
health
.
The
Tartars
spoile
Moldavia
.
The
Vayvod
swears
fealty
to
the
King
of
Poland
,
who
thereupon
drives
the
Turks
thence
.
Casimir's
youngest
son
Bishop
of
Cracovia
.
The
Polander
beats
the
Tartars
in
Russia
and
Podolia
.
Matthias
of
Hungary
warreth
successfully
against
the
Turks
and
Germans
,
and
takes
many
Towns
;
he
makes
peace
with
the
Emperor
.
To
Christiern
of
Denmark
succeedeth
his
son
Iohn
;
he
hath
some
controversies
with
the
English.
Steno
Sture
made
Governor
of
Swedeland
.
Venice
and
Florence
joyn
against
the
Pope
.
Ferrara
ingratefull
to
the
Venetians
,
who
had
got
him
his
Estate
;
most
of
the
Italian
Princes
league
against
Venice
;
at
last
a
peace
is
made
:
The
Venetians
have
war
in
Austria
and
Rhetia
;
they
are
beaten
neer
Trent
.
Katherine
the
Queen
of
Cyprus
resigneth
her
kingdome
to
Venice
,
to
whom
they
allow
50.
l.
weight
of
gold
yearly
,
and
the
Castle
of
Azola
.
In
Holland
,
the
Cabillaucks
take
Dort
,
and
the
Hoecks
Leyden
:
War
between
Holland
and
Utricht
.
Mary
of
Burgundy
is
killed
by
a
fall
from
her
horse
;
Maximilian
is
received
Governor
of
Holland
,
but
rejected
in
Flanders
;
Her
daughter
Margaret
betrothed
to
the
Dolphin
;
Prince
Philip
is
received
.
Troubles
between
Antwerp
and
Bruges
.
Egmo●…
mad●…
Governor
of
Holland
;
then
Euglebert
Earl
of
Nassau
.
Troubles
in
Frisia
.
As
Maximilian
endeavoured
to
reconcile
Bruges
with
Antwerp
,
he
is
imprisoned
,
and
some
of
his
servants
killed
:
Upon
resignation
of
the
government
to
his
son
,
he
is
set
free
.
The
Emperor
makes
Albert
of
Saxony
Governor
of
the
Low-Countries
;
he
is
opposed
by
the
Flemings
,
who
take
Rotterdam
,
and
lose
it
again
to
Maximilian
.
The
Scots
invade
England
,
and
the
English
Scotland
;
Barwick
taken
from
the
Scots
.
The
French
will
pay
no
Tribute
to
England
.
Edward
5.
succeeds
his
father
one
moneth
:
Gloucester
made
Protector
,
then
King
;
his
name
was
Richard
3.
he
reigned
3
years
:
the
Queens
kindred
cut
off
,
the
Princes
are
murthered
,
and
Buckingham
beheaded
.
Morton
Bishop
of
Ely
,
attempteth
to
advance
the
Earl
of
Richmond
,
who
landeth
,
and
killeth
King
Richard
;
this
was
Henry
7.
who
reigned
23
years
;
the
Kingdom
is
entailed
to
his
heirs
;
He
instituted
the
Guard.
The
Lord
Lovel
rebelleth
;
and
Lambert
a
Counterfeit
set
up
,
who
was
crowned
at
Dublin
,
and
overthrown
at
Stoke
,
he
is
made
a
Skullion
in
the
Privy-kitchin
.
Peace
with
Scotland
.
England
sides
with
Britany
against
France
.
The
Northern
Rebels
overthrown
,
and
the
chief
executed
.
In
Scotland
,
Cockram
the
Mason
is
made
Earl
of
Mar:
The
Kings
brother
Alexander
Duke
of
Albany
flieth
into
England
;
he
is
reconciled
,
and
Cockram
hanged
:
Albany
made
Regent
,
but
out
of
fear
escapeth
into
France
;
he
died
by
a
splint
in
Tilting
with
Lewis
of
Orleans
.
The
Lords
rebell
against
the
King
,
and
make
his
son
Iames
their
Captain
:
the
Kings
forces
beaten
,
and
he
slain
:
His
son
Iames
4.
succeeded
26
years
;
he
alwayes
wore
an
Iron-chain
in
stead
of
a
girdle
,
as
a
penance
for
his
rebellion
.
A
double-bodied
Monster
from
the
navel
upward
,
born
in
Scotland
.
In
the
Church
,
sits
Innocent
8.
7
years
:
He
was
the
first
Pope
that
advanced
his
Bastards
.
Zemez
,
Bajazets
brother
,
delivered
to
him
by
the
Master
of
Rhodes
,
for
which
he
is
made
a
Cardinal
:
this
Pope
died
of
an
Apoplexy
.
In
the
East
,
the
Turks
aide
the
Rebels
in
Hungary
against
the
King
,
whom
they
defeat
,
and
took
his
General
in
Croatia
.
The
Turks
are
beaten
by
Ericus
Duke
of
Brunswick
.
Lepanto
,
Modene
,
and
other
places
;
60000
of
them
slain
in
Russia
.
In
the
West
,
the
Emperour
being
dead
,
his
son
Maximilian
succeedeth
25
years
:
he
drives
the
Turks
out
of
Croatia
.
Basil
falls
off
from
the
Emperour
to
the
Switzers
:
the
Emperour
is
defeated
by
them
,
and
grants
them
peace
.
Maximilian
marrieth
Anne
of
Britany
by
Deputy
;
but
the
French
King
marrieth
her
,
and
casts
off
Maximilians
daughter
.
Charles
besiegeth
Naples
,
where
the
French
malady
breaks
out
.
He
takes
Naples
and
loseth
it
again
:
He
dyeth
,
to
whom
succeeded
Lewis
2.
Duke
of
Orleans
,
18
years
:
he
divorceth
his
wife
,
and
takes
Anne
the
former
Kings
widow
:
he
takes
Milan
in
his
mothers
right
,
and
puts
the
Grandchilde
of
Gabeas
into
a
Covent
.
Alphonso
of
Portugal
kill'd
with
a
fall
from
his
horse
.
Granado
conquered
by
Ferdinand
and
Isabel.
America
discovered
by
Columbus
;
he
brought
home
the
Venerial
Pox.
Jews
and
Moors
banished
.
The
French
King
resignes
to
Ferdinand
Roussillon
,
that
he
might
not
cross
him
in
the
Conquest
of
Naples
.
The
Pope
limiteth
the
discoveries
of
Castile
and
Portugal
:
The
Moors
of
Castile
compelled
to
embrace
the
Faith.
The
French
invade
Roussillon
,
because
Ferdinand
assisted
Naples
.
Columbus
makes
a
third
voyage
to
America
.
Casimire
of
Poland
dyeth
,
and
Iohn
Albert
his
son
succeeded
:
10
years
he
makes
a
League
with
Bohemia
,
and
peace
with
the
Turk
.
The
Polacks
defeated
in
Podolia
by
the
Tartars
:
the
King
invades
Moldavia
,
and
is
beaten
.
The
Valachians
carry
many
away
captives
out
of
Russia
and
Podolia
:
The
Turks
defeated
in
Russia
.
Ladislaus
of
Bohemia
is
made
King
of
Hungary
26
years
:
he
recovers
Alba
Regalis
.
The
Hungarians
plunder
Mysia
.
The
Turks
beaten
from
Belgrad
:
the
King
spoileth
the
Turks
lands
for
100
miles
.
Hungary
,
Pole
and
Russia
league
against
the
Turk
.
The
Norwegians
are
dispensed
to
receive
the
Sacrament
without
wine
.
Iohn
King
of
Denmark
subdueth
the
Swedes
:
he
taketh
the
Lubec
ships
,
and
they
his
:
He
is
chosen
King
of
Swedeland
,
and
Steno
deposed
.
The
Venetians
protect
Pisa
against
Florence
,
they
are
Neuters
to
France
and
Naples
.
Sforza
strives
to
get
Pisa
from
the
Venetians
:
they
League
with
France
against
him
;
he
cals
in
the
Turk
.
Milan
loseth
Cremona
.
Eug.
of
Nassau
subdueth
the
Brugeois
,
who
built
him
an
house
,
yet
belonging
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
.
Nassau
and
Guelders
taken
by
the
French
King
:
The
Boors
of
Holland
do
great
insolencies
.
The
Dutchy
of
Guelders
escheated
to
the
Emperour
,
who
makes
the
Duke
of
Saxony
hereditary
Governour
of
Frisia
,
against
whom
the
Frisons
league
:
they
rebell
against
his
son
:
The
Duke
is
slain
at
the
siege
of
Gro●…nengen
.
The
King
of
England
helpeth
Maximilian
against
the
French
;
he
besiegeth
Bolen
:
the
French
King
payeth
the
charges
of
the
War
,
and
an
annual
sum
,
and
so
obtains
Peace
.
Perkin
Werbe●…
set
up
against
King
Henry
by
the
Dutchess
of
Burgundy
:
he
pretends
he
was
the
younger
son
to
the
Duke
of
York
:
he
goeth
into
Scotland
,
and
makes
the
Scots
invade
England
:
he
marryeth
the
Earl
of
Huntly's
daughter
.
The
Cornish
Rebels
defeated
at
Black-heath
:
The
Scots
are
resisted
by
the
Bishop
of
Durham
,
and
Earl
of
Surrey
:
Perkin
defeated
and
taken
,
and
sent
to
the
Tower
;
he
is
hanged
at
Tyburn
,
and
the
Earl
of
Warwick
beheaded
on
the
Tower-hill
.
Truce
made
by
the
Scots
with
England
.
In
the
Church
,
Alexander
6.
sat
11
years
;
he
makes
one
of
his
bastards
Prince
of
Sicily
,
the
2.
a
Cardinal
,
and
the
3.
a
Duke
of
Spain
.
Caesar
the
Cardinal
,
leaves
his
Hat
,
and
marrieth
the
French
Kings
Cousin
:
he
is
made
Duke
of
Valentinois
,
Valentia
is
made
an
Archbishoprick
.
At
Paris
begins
the
Order
of
Penitent
women
,
converted
from
the
Stews
.
Savanor●…la
hanged
and
burnt
at
Florence
for
his
opinions
.
In
the
East
,
the
Spanish
,
French
,
and
Venetian
Fleets
against
the
Turk
are
dispersed
.
Dyrrachium
taken
by
Bajazet
:
Peace
made
with
Venice
.
He
is
wounded
by
a
Dervisar
,
whose
Ratisbone
.
Verona
,
Padua
and
Vicenza
taken
by
the
Emperour
.
Milan
is
subdued
again
by
the
French.
Sforza
and
his
brother
carried
into
France
.
At
Roan
and
Aix
Parliaments
are
set
up
.
The
French
and
Spaniard
having
expelled
the
Emperor
from
Naples
,
they
agree
that
the
French
should
have
Naples
,
and
the
Spaniard
Magna
Graecia
with
Apulia
.
The
Spanish
General
Gonsalvus
expels
the
French
out
of
Naples
.
The
Genuans
rebell
,
and
are
subdued
by
Lewis
:
The
Portugals
sail
to
Calecut
.
Philip
is
acknowledged
heir
of
Castile
,
and
succeedeth
with
Ione
his
wife
.
Philip
dyeth
,
the
title
of
Catholique
made
Hereditary
by
the
Pope
to
the
Kings
of
Spain
:
The
Portugals
overcome
at
Cambaia
.
Ormus
in
the
Persian
gulf
taken
:
the
King
of
Cambaia
made
tributary
to
Portugal
:
The
Venetians
are
stript
of
Tarentum
and
Brundusium
by
the
Spaniards
.
The
Polander
makes
peace
with
the
Muscovite
and
Turk
.
The
King
of
Poland
dyeth
:
His
brother
Alexander
succeedeth
5
years
.
Lituania
united
again
to
Poland
:
the
Tartars
expelled
Russia
and
Podolia
:
the
King
dyeth
,
to
him
succeeded
his
brother
Sigismund
41
years
:
he
gains
much
from
Basil
Duke
of
Muscovia
;
he
beats
the
Tartars
and
Valachians
.
Christiern
of
Denmark
subdueth
the
rebellious
Norwegians
:
He
makes
peace
with
Lubec
;
they
make
War
against
him
,
for
not
performing
Articles
.
The
Queen
of
Sweden
taken
in
the
Castle
of
Stockholm
,
and
freed
by
the
Popes
means
.
The
Venetians
take
divers
ships
and
places
from
the
Turks
.
The
French
take
divers
places
in
Italy
,
and
lose
them
again
to
the
Pope
and
Spaniard
.
Philip
and
Ione
of
Flanders
go
into
Spain
;
he
dyeth
at
Bourges
,
his
heart
buried
at
Ierusalem
.
Guelders
invadeth
Brabant
.
The
Emperour
becomes
Guardian
to
Charles
,
and
his
other
Nephews
.
Margaret
of
Saxony
named
Regent
of
the
Low-Countries
.
King
Philip
of
Spain
,
and
his
Queen
,
cast
by
stormes
on
the
English
coast
,
land
at
Falmouth
,
they
are
Royally
entertained
.
The
Earl
of
Suffolk
practiseth
with
the
Dutchess
of
Burgundy
against
the
King
;
he
is
sent
by
King
Philip
into
England
,
and
is
committed
to
the
Tower.
Henry
7.
his
Chappel
finished
,
and
so
is
the
Savoy
;
the
King
dyeth
:
to
him
succeeds
his
son
Henry
8.
37
years
.
Empson
and
Dudley
,
who
were
imployed
in
the
former
Kings
time
about
the
Penal-Laws
,
are
now
executed
:
He
makes
a
League
with
the
Emperour
and
Spaniard
.
The
King
of
Denmark
having
fallen
out
with
his
Lords
,
cometh
into
Scotland
,
and
is
restored
by
the
Scots
.
The
Hollanders
for
robbing
the
Kings
Merchants
,
are
taken
,
and
their
heads
cut
off
,
and
sent
to
the
King
in
barrels
.
The
King
is
declared
Protector
of
the
Faith
,
by
the
Pope
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Alexander
sits
yet
.
Sforza
regains
Milan
from
the
Pope
.
Borgias
taketh
the
Dutchy
of
Urbin
and
Camerinum
.
The
Pope
,
by
the
Butlers
mistake
,
is
poysoned
,
with
that
cup
which
he
had
provided
for
some
Cardinals
.
Pius
3.
succeeded
26
dayes
,
then
Iulius
2.
10
years
;
he
was
a
better
Souldier
then
Scholar
;
he
is
assisted
by
the
French
against
Bentivolo
an
usurper
in
Bonónia
,
who
resignes
it
to
the
Pope
.
Borgia
escapeth
prison
in
Spain
;
he
is
slain
after
he
was
made
General
by
the
King
of
Navar.
The
Pope
,
by
the
Emperors
and
French
help
,
recovereth
divers
places
from
the
Venetians
.
In
Germany
appeared
bloody
Crosses
upon
peoples
garments
.
The
Boors
of
Spire
rise
against
the
Monasteries
and
Clergy
,
refusing
to
pay
Tythes
.
The
Kingdom
of
Congo
converted
to
Christianity
.
In
the
East
,
Bajazet
intended
to
make
Achmet
his
eldest
son
successor
;
but
the
Bassas
set
up
Selymus
:
Bajazet
retireth
himself
,
and
is
poysoned
by
Selymus
;
he
slew
two
Pages
for
lamenting
the
death
of
Bajazet
their
Lord
,
and
his
father
.
Selymus
reigned
8
years
:
he
murthered
five
of
Achmets
children
,
and
strangleth
his
brother
.
The
Plague
at
Constantinople
sweeps
away
160000
people
.
Selymus
takes
divers
places
from
the
Persian
,
and
makes
War
upon
Hungary
,
and
Egypt
also
,
because
Campson
Gaure
the
Sultan
,
took
part
with
the
Persian
:
In
the
taking
of
Aleppo
,
the
Sultan
is
trodden
to
death
.
Syria
submitteth
.
Selymus
with
reverence
enters
Ierusalem
,
and
gives
to
the
Christian
Priests
6
moneths
allowance
.
Tonembeius
the
Sultan
is
overthrown
at
Cayre
,
and
hanged
.
Gazelles
made
Lieutenant
of
Syria
.
As
Selymus
was
preparing
against
the
Christians
,
he
is
struck
with
a
Canker
in
his
back
,
which
rots
his
flesh
,
and
so
he
died
.
In
the
West
,
there
are
troubles
between
the
Duke
of
Saxony
and
Bishop
of
Mentz
.
Germany
divided
into
10
Provinces
in
a
Dyet
at
Triers
.
The
Synods
of
Pisa
and
Toures
called
against
the
Pope
,
are
nullified
by
the
Emperor
in
a
Dyet
at
Colen
.
The
Emperor
expels
the
Venetians
out
of
Lombardy
:
the
Emperour
meets
the
Kings
of
Poland
and
Bohemia
at
Vienna
,
about
the
succession
of
these
Kingdoms
,
if
Ladislaus
should
die
without
issue
.
The
Emperors
Army
for
want
of
pay
forsake
him
:
he
therefore
makes
peace
with
France
.
Upon
Maximilians
death
,
Charles
of
Spain
carrieth
the
Empire
from
Francis
of
France
.
He
reigned
38
years
.
The
French
besiege
the
Pope
and
Cardinals
in
Bologna
,
but
are
forced
to
give
off
for
want
of
food
.
The
French
kill
the
Switzers
Ambassador
going
for
Rome
;
therefore
they
denounce
War
against
them
:
they
refuse
to
compound
,
and
invade
Milan
.
The
French
lose
all
in
Italy
,
by
withdrawing
their
forces
thence
against
the
English.
Lewis
cannot
recover
Milan
.
He
makes
peace
with
the
Pope
,
and
with
England
,
and
then
dyeth
.
The
Switzers
invade
Burgundy
.
To
Lewis
succeedeth
Francis
the
first
33
years
.
He
regains
Milan
,
and
meets
the
Pope
at
Bologna
.
The
French
and
Switzers
League
against
the
Spaniards
,
take
Tripolis
.
Ferdinand
uniteth
Navar
to
Castile
by
expelling
Iohn
Albert.
The
Moluccos
taken
by
the
Portugals
,
and
the
river
Plata
discovered
.
Ferdinand
languisheth
and
dyeth
of
a
Love-potion
:
Charles
son
to
Philip
succeedeth
43
years
.
Ioan
and
her
husband
die
,
having
attempted
in
vain
to
recover
Navar.
The
Tartars
invade
Russia
,
and
are
beaten
back
.
Smolensco
taken
by
the
Muscovites
;
they
are
defeated
by
the
Polander
at
Borysthenes
.
The
King
of
Poland
makes
War
against
the
Marquis
of
Brandeburg
Master
of
the
Teutonicks
,
for
not
swearing
homage
to
him
.
The
Hungarians
and
Turks
invade
each
others
Lands
.
The
King
of
Hungary
dyeth
,
his
son
a
childe
succeeds
11
years
.
The
Lubeckers
spoil
Denmark
and
assist
the
Swedes
:
the
Hollander
helps
the
King
:
a
peace
at
last
with
him
is
concluded
,
and
the
Swedes
excluded
.
The
King
dyeth
;
his
son
Christiern
succeeds
10
years
:
He
with
the
Bishop
of
Upsale
plot
to
reduce
the
Swedes
,
therefore
he
besiegeth
Stockholm
,
but
gives
off
,
for
want
of
necessaries
;
He
takes
the
Town
at
last
,
spoils
it
,
exerciseth
strange
cruelties
,
and
returns
to
Denmark
.
Steno
Sture
the
younger
made
Governor
of
Swedeland
;
he
deposeth
the
Bishop
of
Upsale
,
who
was
restored
upon
the
death
of
Steno
,
and
taking
of
Stockholm
.
In
Bohemia
,
Lewis
an
Infant-King
is
brought
up
by
George
Marquis
of
Brandeburg
.
The
Venetians
league
with
the
Pope
and
Aragon
against
France
.
Venice
recovereth
Brixia
.
The
Switzers
joyn
with
them
against
the
French
:
The
Emperour
beats
them
at
Vicenza
:
they
league
with
the
French
,
and
quarrel
with
the
Pope
,
and
relieve
Vicenza
.
The
French
restore
Verona
to
them
.
The
Duke
of
Guelders
takes
divers
places
from
the
Burgundians
,
and
makes
War
against
Utricht
:
by
the
quarrelling
of
Saxony
with
the
Earls
of
Embden
,
for
Groning
,
Frisia
is
wasted
.
The
Duke
of
Saxony
resigneth
Frisland
for
money
.
Charles
takes
possession
of
Belgium
,
and
goeth
into
Spain
.
Peter
a
notable
Pyrate
,
surpriseth
Horne
.
King
Henry
sits
down
before
Turwyn
;
the
Emperour
taketh
pay
of
him
.
The
Lord
Darcy
sent
with
forces
to
Ferdinand
the
Kings
Father
in
Law
,
against
the
Moors
.
Marquis
Dorset
invadeth
Aquitaine
,
but
the
Flux
in
his
Army
drives
him
back
again
.
Turwyn
and
Tournay
taken
;
the
French
defeated
in
the
battel
of
Spurs
,
which
were
then
much
employed
in
the
horses
sides
when
they
fled
.
King
Iames
of
Scotland
defeated
and
slain
at
Flowden
.
The
French
by
the
Rhodians
invade
Sussex
,
and
Sir
Iohn
Wallop
Normandy
:
peace
with
France
.
Mary
the
Kings
sister
,
and
Queen
of
France
,
upon
the
death
of
King
Lewis
,
returneth
,
and
marrieth
Charles
Brandon
.
Peace
for
3
years
with
Scotland
.
Cardinal
Wolsey
erecteth
the
Star-Chamber
,
and
Court
of
Requests
:
the
Apprentices
rise
against
Strangers
:
the
Sweating
sickness
.
Tournay
restored
to
the
French.
The
Emperour
,
and
Cardinal
Campeius
arrive
in
England
.
Barton
the
Scots
Pyrate
taketh
13
English
Ships
.
Iames
5.
reigneth
in
Scotland
30
years
:
the
Queen
widow
is
Regent
whilest
a
widow
,
and
the
Duke
of
Albany
Tutor
:
by
marrying
Archibald
Douglas
,
she
loseth
her
Regency
;
she
is
delivered
of
a
daughter
in
England
,
afterward
married
to
the
Earl
of
Lenox
:
Douglas
and
Hume
disturb
the
Kingdom
:
Arran
and
Hume
committed
.
Dunbar
burnt
by
the
Humes
;
the
Rebels
are
pardoned
:
The
Regent
leaveth
seven
Deputies
,
and
saileth
into
France
.
Angus
and
Arran
differ
.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Iulius
sits
yet
:
He
Excommunicates
the
Kings
of
France
and
Navar
:
In
a
Battell
on
Easter
day
,
he
loseth
16000
men
,
and
Ravenna
to
the
French.
He
begins
St.
Peters
Church
in
the
Vatican
.
Leo
the
10.
succeedeth
8
years
:
he
continues
the
Lateran
Councel
:
He
bought
Mutina
of
the
Emperour
for
30000
crowns
.
He
helpeth
Sforza
against
France
;
He
gives
Urbin
to
his
Nephew
,
who
the
next
year
lost
it
.
He
made
31
Cardinals
;
he
strangled
Cardinal
Petrucci
for
conspiring
:
He
recovers
Parma
and
Placentia
:
The
Councel
at
Tours
decreeth
,
that
the
Pope
should
be
forced
to
call
a
General
Councel
,
if
he
will
not
hearken
to
Peace
.
The
Lateran
Councel
rejecteth
that
of
Pisa
,
called
by
the
Emperour
and
French
against
the
Pope
.
The
Pisan
removed
to
Millan
.
Luther
disputes
against
Indulgences
,
sent
abroad
by
the
Archbishop
of
Mentz
to
pay
for
his
Pall.
The
Pope
and
French
King
strive
to
abolish
the
Pragmatical
Sanction
.
The
Complutensian
Bible
set
out
by
Cardinal
Ximenes
,
containing
the
Hebrew
,
Chaldee
,
Greek
and
Latine
.
Luther
sets
abroad
Theses
against
Indulgences
.
Luther
confers
with
Cajetan
at
Auspurg
.
Eccius
disputes
with
Carolostadius
at
Lipsic
about
Free-Will
;
and
with
Luther
,
about
the
Popes
Supremacy
,
and
Purgatory
.
In
the
East
,
Solyman
the
Magnificent
reigns
47
years
:
Gazelles
the
Rebel
is
killed
in
battel
.
Solyman
takes
divers
Towns
from
the
Hungarians
:
he
attempteth
Chior
in
vain
:
after
6
moneths
assault
,
he
takes
Rhodes
,
and
dismisseth
with
honour
Viliers
the
Governour
:
Als
Beg
a
King
in
Armenia
,
with
his
four
sons
are
killed
by
Solyman
,
who
possessed
his
Kingdom
:
He
beats
Lewis
of
Hungary
,
and
takes
Buda
:
he
denounceth
war
against
Ferdinando
King
of
Bohemia
,
and
protects
Iohn
Sepusius
:
he
kills
the
cowardly
Souldiers
in
the
Castle
of
Buda
,
but
freed
the
Captain
for
his
valour
:
He
gives
off
the
siege
of
Vienna
,
having
lost
80000
men
.
In
the
West
,
the
Emperor
invadeth
Picardy
.
The
Pope
,
Emperour
,
English
,
Italy
and
Austria
league
against
France
:
The
Imperialists
beat
the
French
and
Switzers
neer
Milan
.
The
Boors
of
Germany
,
whereof
50000
were
slain
,
rose
against
the
Nobility
.
Marseiles
besieged
by
Bourbon
,
who
sided
with
Charles
.
Mantua
made
a
Dutchy
.
King
Francis
taken
at
the
siege
of
Papia
.
The
French
King
released
.
The
Emperour
abrogates
the
Popes
power
in
Spain
,
and
takes
Milan
from
Sforza
.
Rome
taken
and
plundred
by
Bourbon
.
Naples
besieged
by
the
French.
The
Bishop
of
Utricht
resignes
his
temporalities
to
Charles
.
War
made
on
the
Papists
by
Saxony
and
Hesse
.
Sforza
recovers
Milan
for
50000
Crowns
:
He
makes
peace
with
Venice
.
The
French
take
some
places
from
Charles
:
the
Castle
of
Milan
yeelds
to
the
French
,
and
a
great
part
of
Lombardy
.
Bourbon
raised
from
Marseiles
by
the
French
:
The
King
is
forced
to
promise
that
he
will
renounce
his
right
in
Naples
,
Milan
and
other
places
,
to
restore
Burgundy
,
and
to
pay
200000
crowns
.
The
holy
League
between
France
,
England
,
Venice
,
Milan
and
the
Pope
against
Charles
.
Lascaris
and
Budaeus
cause
the
Library
at
Fountainbleau
to
be
set
up
.
The
Kings
ransome
paid
at
Cambray
and
the
hostages
restored
.
The
Spaniards
take
Mexico
.
Henry
of
Navar
who
sided
with
the
French
,
beaten
by
the
Castilians
.
Brandeburg
swears
fealty
to
the
Polander
,
and
is
made
Duke
of
Russia
.
Massovia
escheated
to
the
Crown
of
Poland
.
The
Polanders
beat
the
Tartars
,
and
take
their
Prince
,
Dansk
rebelleth
.
The
King
of
Hungary
drowned
in
a
ditch
,
and
his
Nobility
slain
in
the
battel
at
Mohats
.
Sepusius
Vayvod
of
Dacia
expelled
by
Ferdinand
:
Solyman
protects
him
,
and
invadeth
Hungary
with
150000
Turks
.
The
King
of
Denmark
expelled
,
and
flyeth
into
Germany
and
England
:
Frederick
Duke
of
Holst
,
Christiern's
Uncle
,
is
chosen
King
;
he
leagueth
with
the
Swedes
:
their
Governor
Gustavus
,
Nephew
to
Steno
the
elder
,
embraceth
Lutheranism
,
and
is
crowned
King.
Ferdinand
of
Austria
chosen
King
of
Bohemia
.
Venice
helps
Hungary
wich
money
against
the
Turk
:
A
peace
concluded
at
Cambray
between
the
Emperour
,
Venetians
,
French
,
and
Milanois
.
The
Gueldrois
take
Newport
,
and
oppress
Frisia
:
Charles
send●…th
forces
against
them
.
The
Gueldrois
spoil
Holland
;
they
force
Bosleduc
to
pay
Taxes
:
The
women
of
Hague
mutiny
against
the
Customers
.
The
Duke
of
Gueldres
makes
a
League
with
the
Burgundian
.
Utricht
expels
the
Bishop
,
and
calls
in
the
Duke
of
Gueldres
:
the
Hague
taken
by
his
forces
:
they
are
expelled
by
the
Emperour
,
who
re-established
the
Bishop
:
the
Mutineers
executed
,
and
peace
between
the
Duke
and
Bishop
.
In
England
,
Buckingham
beheaded
for
Treason
:
the
French
are
imprisoned
in
England
,
for
some
wrongs
done
by
them
to
the
English.
The
Pope
stiles
the
King
,
Defender
of
the
Faith.
The
Lord
Admiral
taketh
Morlays
in
Britany
.
The
Emperor
is
in
England
affianced
to
the
Lady
Mary
.
Scotland
is
invaded
by
the
English
,
and
France
by
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
:
Surry
burneth
divers
Towns
in
Scotland
:
the
King
receiveth
from
the
Pope
a
Rose
of
gold
.
Greenwich-Castle
built
.
Truce
with
France
and
Scotland
:
The
king
quarrels
with
the
Emperour
,
for
not
marrying
his
daughter
.
Kildare
accused
and
acquitted
.
The
Pope
dispenseth
with
Wolsey
to
dissolve
4
Monasteries
.
The
sedition
in
Suffolk
appeased
:
Cardinal
Campeius
comes
into
England
about
the
Kings
divorce
;
Commissioners
chosen
for
the
Queen
,
who
appealeth
to
the
Pope
;
the
marriage
made
unlawfull
by
some
Universities
.
In
Scotland
,
the
Earl
of
Angus
,
and
his
brother
are
banished
by
the
Regent
,
who
goeth
again
into
France
for
aid
against
the
English
:
He
resigneth
;
the
Queen
,
and
some
others
made
Regents
:
the
Queen
casts
off
Angus
,
and
marrieth
Henry
Stuart
Earl
of
Metbwen
;
who
are
both
committed
by
the
King
,
who
now
assumes
the
Government
;
Angus
flyeth
into
England
;
Bothwel
convicted
,
and
Archibald
Douglas
banished
.
In
the
Church
,
Leo
sits
yet
:
he
executeth
the
Tyrant
of
Perugia
,
for
aiding
the
Duke
of
Urbin
.
To
him
succeeded
the
Emperors
Tutor
Hadrian
6.
8
moneths
:
he
took
Parma
and
Placentia
.
Clement
7.
succeeds
10
years
;
he
had
been
a
Knight
of
St.
Iohn
of
Ierusalem
:
he
is
besieged
in
the
Castle
of
St.
Angelo
by
the
Columnii
,
who
waste
Rome
and
the
Vatican
.
He
warreth
against
Sema
and
Naples
,
and
is
reconciled
to
Charles
.
Luther
is
Excommunicate
,
and
his
Books
burnt
,
who
in
requital
burns
the
Popes
Bull
,
and
Canon-Law
,
and
writes
the
Babylonian-Captivity
.
:
He
justifies
his
Doctrine
before
the
Emperour
at
Wormes
.
King
Henry
writes
against
him
,
and
is
answered
by
him
:
Zuinglius
and
Oecolampadius
preach
at
Tigurum
:
Carolostadius
joyns
with
Luther
;
the
Pope
complained
against
in
the
Diet
of
Norinberg
:
two
Monks
suffer
at
Bruxels
for
changing
their
Religion
.
Lutheranism
received
in
divers
places
.
The
Capuchins
Order
instituted
by
Balscay
of
Ancona
.
Anabaptists
spread
.
Oecolampadius
and
Zuinglius
differ
from
Luther
about
the
Sacrament
:
at
Berne
and
there
about
,
and
at
Strasburg
,
and
Basil
,
the
Masse
is
abolished
:
the
Elector
and
Landsgrave
protesting
against
the
Edict
,
brought
in
the
name
of
Protestants
:
Disputations
held
in
divers
places
.
In
the
East
,
Solyman
setleth
Iohn
in
Hungary
as
his
Tributary
;
he
assaults
Gunsium
13
times
,
and
is
repuised
;
at
last
upon
the
comming
of
the
Imperialists
,
he
raiseth
the
siege
:
He
Castro
Novum
.
700
prisoners
burnt
at
Constantinople
by
a
casual
fire
.
In
the
West
,
the
Emperour
is
crowned
King
of
Lombardy
at
Bononia
,
and
takes
Florence
.
Ferdidinand
the
Emperours
brother
is
crowned
King
of
the
Romans
.
In
the
war
between
Tigurum
and
the
Cantons
,
Zuinglius
was
killed
.
Charls
restoreth
Muleasses
to
Tunis
.
Sforza
dying
without
issue
,
Millan
is
escheated
to
the
Emperor
;
the
French
claim
it
,
and
so
a
war
is
occasioned
.
Truce
between
the
Emperour
and
French
for
10
years
.
The
war
between
Brandeburg
and
the
Norinbergers
taken
up
.
The
Dutchy
of
Britany
united
to
the
Crown
of
France
.
The
French
Kings
Ambassadour
put
to
death
at
Millan
,
because
one
of
his
company
slew
a
Citizen
.
The
French
was
with
Savoy
:
Francis
the
Dolphin
poisoned
by
the
Earl
of
Mounte-Cucullo
,
who
was
therefore
torn
by
wilde
horses
:
At
Lisbon
,
an
Earthquake
lasted
8
dayes
,
which
overthrew
1500
houses
and
many
Churches
.
Beru
is
now
found
out
.
The
King
of
Cambaia
killed
by
the
Portugals
.
The
Turks
and
Portugals
have
wars
in
the
Indies
.
The
Muscovites
waste
Lituania
,
and
are
driven
out
.
Grittus
Solymans
favourite
setleth
Hungary
;
he
kils
the
Bishop
of
Varradinum
,
and
for
this
is
killed
himself
by
the
Transilvanians
.
It
is
agreed
that
in
Hungary
Ferdinand
should
succeed
to
Iohn
.
Solyman
subdueth
Moldavia
,
and
restores
the
Vayvod
;
the
King
dieth
with
too
much
joy
that
his
Queen
was
delivered
of
a
sonne
.
Cristiern
striving
to
recover
Denmark
,
is
imprisoned
27
years
at
Sunderberg
.
Fredericl
dieth
,
who
leaves
a
young
son
.
Count
Oldenburg
undertakes
the
Regency
,
because
Christiern
Duke
of
Holst
refused
it
;
but
at
last
accepteth
it
,
takes
Copenhagen
,
and
setleth
the
Kingdome
;
he
is
crowned
,
and
call●…d
Christiern
3.
he
changeth
Bishops
into
Superintendents
.
Smolard
rebels
against
the
Swedes
;
but
is
reduced
by
the
Danes
help
.
The
Venetlans
are
Neuters
in
the
Turkish
war
against
Hungary
:
they
beat
the
Turks
at
Sea
,
and
take
Assam
Beg
the
Pyrate
.
Barbarussa
takes
from
Corcyra
16000
Captives
,
who
are
sold
at
Constantinople
.
Two
Turkish
Gallies
burnt
by
Contarenus
in
the
Gulph
,
for
not
striking
their
Top-saile
.
They
made
peace
with
Solyman
,
because
the
Spaniard
refused
to
deliver
Castro
novum
;
they
are
forced
to
give
up
Nauplum
,
and
some
other
places
to
the
Turk
.
By
an
inundation
in
the
Netherlands
,
404
Parishes
are
drowned
:
Mary
of
Austria
is
Regent
of
Flanders
:
Anabaptists
executed
at
Amsterdam
:
Lubeck
quarrels
with
Holland
,
for
assisting
Christiern
King
of
Denmark
:
At
Delft
3300
houses
,
with
two
Churches
,
and
divers
Monasteries
burnt
.
The
Regent
will
not
suffer
the
Emperour
to
resign
Flanders
and
Artois
to
the
French.
The
Duke
of
Cleve
succeedeth
in
Guelders
.
The
Gantois
behead
their
Magistrates
.
In
England
,
Wolsey
is
out
of
favour
,
and
dieth
.
Saint
Iames
built
.
The
Clergy
condemned
in
a
Premunire
,
and
pay
100000
l.
to
the
King.
Cromwell
great
with
the
King.
Katherine
divorced
;
the
King
marrieth
Anne
Bullen
:
Peace
with
France
:
the
holy
Maid
of
Kent
executed
.
The
Popes
power
abrogated
:
The
King
seiseth
on
the
First-fruits
and
Tenths
,
and
called
,
Head
of
the
Church
;
for
denying
this
,
Sir
Thomas
Moore
,
and
Fisher
Bishop
of
Rochester
beheaded
;
Religious
Houses
under
300
l.
value
,
given
to
the
King
;
Queen
Anne
beheaded
;
and
Iane
Seymor
married
to
the
King
;
Rebellions
in
Lincolnshire
,
and
in
the
North.
Kildare
and
his
5
Un●…les
executed
;
the
Bible
read
in
English
;
Oneale
repulsed
by
the
Lord
Grey
;
Anne
of
Cleve
married
to
the
King
,
and
divorced
shortly
after
;
The
order
of
S.
Iohn
of
Ierusalem
suppressed
.
In
Scotland
,
the
Court
of
Sessions
is
instituted
;
Iohn
Scot
fasteth
50
daies
together
;
The
Earl
Bothwel
committed
for
going
into
England
;
The
King
goeth
into
France
,
and
marrieth
Magdalen
the
Kings
daughter
;
divers
executed
for
treason
;
The
King
marrieth
the
Duke
of
Guize's
daughter
.
In
the
Church
,
Clement
7.
yet
sits
;
he
excommunicated
King
Henry
of
England
:
Paul
3
succeedeth
15
years
;
he
appoints
a
Synod
at
Mantua
,
and
transfers
it
to
Vicenza
;
it
came
to
nothing
:
the
Protestant
Confession
made
by
Melancthon
,
is
presented
to
Charls
in
the
Diet
of
Auspurg
;
therefore
called
Confessio
Augustana
.
Peace
granted
to
the
Protestants
in
Germany
,
upon
news
of
the
Turks
preparation
:
the
Protestants
are
persecuted
in
Misna
and
France
;
the
Anabaptists
raise
seditions
in
Munster
,
who
are
taken
and
executed
:
Geneva
becomes
Protestant
and
expels
the
Bishop
.
Ignatius
Layola
instituteth
the
Jesuites
order
;
the
League
of
Smalcald
for
the
Protestants
:
A
Councel
at
Colen
for
Reformation
.
The
Augustan
Faith
received
in
Denmark
.
Luther
exhibites
Articles
at
Smalcald
.
At
Norimberg
is
made
an
Anti-league
;
Antinomians
now
appear
.
In
the
East
,
Solyman
takes
divers
towns
in
Hungary
;
subdueth
Transilvania
,
and
gives
it
to
Iohn
:
Barbarussa
is
sent
to
help
the
French
;
he
takes
Rhegium
in
Italy
,
and
Nice
in
Province
,
Tuscany
,
Ischia
and
Lippari
.
Solyman
at
the
French
Kings
request
,
breaks
the
5
years
Peace
with
Charls
;
he
fails
in
his
expedition
against
the
Persian
.
Charls
his
expedition
into
Algiers
,
unfortunate
;
his
forces
sent
to
relieve
Buda
,
are
beaten
by
the
Turks
.
The
French
Ambassadors
going
to
the
Turk
,
are
killed
by
the
Imperialists
,
which
makes
a
war.
Charls
leagueth
with
England
against
France
;
Saxony
and
the
Lantgrave
are
proscribed
.
Henry
of
Brunswick
taken
by
the
Duke
of
Saxony
.
Lipsick
besieged
,
and
Breme
taken
:
the
Lantgrave
is
imprisoned
.
Muleasses
being
exoculated
by
his
son
,
comes
to
the
Emperour
.
Magdeburg
proscribed
;
and
Constance
taken
by
the
Imperialists
.
In
France
,
the
Rochellers
rebell
against
the
King
;
the
Admiral
is
condemned
:
the
Imperialists
beaten
by
the
French
in
Piedmont
:
the
French
invade
England
,
they
lose
Bolen
.
The
King
dieth
;
his
son
Henry
2.
succeeds
13
years
;
Bourdeaux
rebelleth
,
they
are
forced
to
burn
their
Priviledges
,
by
the
Constable
,
who
appeaseth
the
Rebellion
in
Aquitain
,
raised
upon
the
custome
of
Salt.
The
Lt.
Vevain
executed
for
surrendring
Bolen
.
The
Duke
of
Lituania
translates
the
Bible
into
the
Polanders
tongue
.
Wars
between
Ferdinand
of
Bohemia
,
and
Iohn
of
Hungary
;
that
Country
is
plagued
with
Locusts
.
Gustaphus
of
Suevia
obtains
that
the
succession
may
be
established
on
his
heirs
.
Ferdinand
unpriviledgeth
Prague
,
for
not
helping
him
against
the
Elector
.
Gaunt
for
rebellion
loseth
her
priviledges
and
Castle
:
The
Emperour
sets
a
Garrison
there
;
he
claimeth
the
Dukedome
of
Cleve
:
the
Duke
leagueth
with
the
French
,
they
invade
Brabant
;
the
Prince
of
Orange
is
beaten
:
Antwerp
attempted
by
the
Geldrians
,
in
vain
;
they
are
beaten
by
the
Schollars
of
Lovain
.
Iuliers
won
by
Charls
.
The
Hollanders
spoil
and
carry
away
the
Kings
ships
out
of
the
river
of
Burdeaux
.
The
Belgians
present
Charls
with
15000
Florens
of
Gold
,
at
his
return
from
Afric
.
The
French
Queen
entertained
by
Charls
at
Brussels
:
Cleve
is
reconciled
to
him
:
Mechlin
burnt
by
lightning
,
which
fell
among
Powder
.
Some
places
recovered
out
of
the
Sea.
In
England
,
Cromwel
is
beheaded
:
The
Court
of
Wards
and
First-fruits
erected
:
The
Lady
Katherine
Howard
married
to
the
King
,
and
beheaded
:
The
Act
passed
for
Supremacy
:
The
six
bloody
Articles
:
The
King
marrieth
Katherine
Par
,
and
cals
himself
King
of
Ireland
.
The
Scots
defeated
by
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
;
the
Scots
prisoners
returned
without
ransome
,
upon
the
death
of
King
Iames.
A
match
proposed
between
Mary
Queen
of
Scotland
and
Prince
Edward
;
but
crossed
by
the
French.
The
English
enter
Scotland
,
burn
Edenburg
and
Leith
.
The
French
invade
Sussex
and
the
Isle
of
Wight
.
Peace
with
France
.
Bolen
restored
for
800000
crowns
;
The
Earl
of
Surry
beheaded
.
To
King
Henry
succeeds
his
son
Edward
6
years
;
The
Duke
of
Sommerset
Protector
;
The
Scots
are
defeated
at
Musselburgh
;
Chantries
suppressed
;
The
Protector
and
his
brother
the
Admiral
,
fall
out
about
their
wives
;
The
Admiral
executed
,
and
the
Protector
committed
;
Rebellions
in
Cornwal
,
Norfolk
,
and
in
the
North
;
the
French
attempt
Iersey
and
Garnesey
.
In
Scotland
,
the
King
dieth
of
grief
;
His
daughter
Mary
was
five
dayes
old
;
The
Earls
of
Huntly
,
Murrey
,
and
Argile
made
Regents
by
Cardinal
Beton
;
but
the
Earl
of
Arran
by
the
Protestants
:
The
Cardinal
of
St.
Andrews
murthered
for
burning
George
Wischart
;
Civill
wars
about
Religion
;
The
French
besiege
St.
Andrews
;
Cadinal
Beton
burneth
Sophocardin
a
Minister
,
and
is
killed
shortly
after
:
the
English
expelled
Scotland
;
the
Scots
refuse
offers
of
Peace
from
England
.
In
the
Church
,
Paul
sits
yet
:
his
son
Petrus
Aloysius
murthered
at
Placentia
.
The
City
is
taken
by
Gouzaga
Governor
of
Millan
.
Eccius
and
Melancthon
confer
about
Original
sinne
,
at
Wormes
and
Ratisbone
.
Xaverius
the
Jesuite
sent
to
convert
the
Indians
.
The
Palatinate
becomes
Protestant
.
Herman
Archbishop
of
Colen
strives
to
reform
Religion
,
but
is
crossed
by
the
Clergy
and
deprived
.
David
George
stiles
himselfe
Christ
:
he
flieth
from
Delf
to
Basil.
The
Councel
of
Trent
begins
.
The
French
King
slaughtereth
the
Waldenses
.
The
Protestants
assembled
at
Frankfort
against
the
Councel
of
Trent
.
The
Inquisition
causeth
a
sedition
in
Naples
.
Councels
held
at
Auspurg
,
Colen
,
Mentz
,
and
Trevers
.
A
Schisme
among
the
Protestants
,
by
publishing
the
Emperors
Interim
concerning
observation
of
Indifferent
matters
,
during
the
Councel
of
Trent
.
Spira
died
despairing
.
In
France
;
the
Protestants
are
persecuted
.
Divers
Conferences
held
.
In
the
East
,
the
Turkish
Pyrats
do
much
mischief
;
they
take
Tripolis
in
Barbary
.
Solyman
Haly
Bassa
attempteth
Agria
in
vain
.
The
Venetians
sack
Dyrrachium
,
a
Harbor
of
the
Tunks
.
The
Duke
of
Florence
his
lands
spoiled
by
the
Turks
;
so
is
Corsica
.
Haly
Bassa
beaten
from
Zigeth
.
Bajazet
sets
up
a
false
Mustapha
against
his
fa●…her
;
he
is
pardoned
at
the
request
of
Roxalana
.
Bajaz●…t
aspireth
again
,
and
flieth
to
the
Persian
,
who
strangled
him
and
his
four
sons
,
Solyman
consenting
to
it
.
In
the
West
,
Magdeburg
is
besieged
by
Saxony
,
Brunswick
,
and
Brandeburg
.
Charles
and
Ferdinand
differ
about
the
succession
of
the
Empire
.
Saxony
and
the
Landsgrave
released
.
The
French
take
Metz.
Maurice
killed
by
Brandeburg
in
battel
.
The
French
spoil
Artois
and
Henault
.
The
Emperor
resigns
his
kingdom
to
Philip
his
son
,
and
enters
into
a
Monastery
,
where
he
died
:
In
the
Empire
his
brother
Ferdinand
succeedeth
6
years
;
the
Pope
refuseth
to
confirm
him
,
because
he
gave
peace
to
the
Protestants
.
The
French
king
takes
22
ships
of
Zealand
,
with
some
places
:
the
Emperor
and
French
king
spoile
each
others
territories
;
Casal
taken
by
the
French
;
they
are
beaten
at
sea
by
the
Flemings
;
S.
Quintin●…
taken
.
France
makes
peace
with
Spain
,
and
restores
Savoy
and
Piemont
to
the
Duke
:
the
King
killed
at
Tilt
by
Montgomery
;
his
sonne
Francis
2.
succeeded
:
great
factions
between
the
Guises
and
the
Constable
:
the
King
dieth
;
to
him
Charles
9.
his
brother
succeeded
13
years
;
his
mother
made
Regent
.
Iapan
about
this
time
discovered
.
In
Spain
,
King
Philip
causeth
28
Gentlemen
to
be
burned
for
Religion
.
The
Polander
forceth
the
Master
of
the
Teutonicks
to
swear
fealty
to
him
.
The
Muscovites
invad●…
Livonia
.
The
Queen
of
Hungary
resigneth
Transilvania
to
Ferdinand
,
who
giveth
her
Cassovia
and
100000
Ducats
yearly
.
Dobus
for
his
service
against
the
Turks
at
Agria
,
is
made
Vayvod
of
Transilvania
.
To
Christiern
3.
of
Denmark
succeeded
his
son
Frederick
2.
29
years
;
he
forced
the
Diethmarsians
(
who
made
themselves
members
of
the
Church
of
Breme
)
to
submit
to
him
.
In
an
Assembly
at
Brussels
,
the
Emperor
resigneth
the
Collar
of
the
Golden-fleece
to
Philip
,
with
the
Low-Countries
,
who
makes
the
Duke
of
Savoy
Generall
there
;
He
is
opposed
in
his
Taxes
.
At
Brussels
there
died
of
Famine
and
Cold
,
19000.
The
French
take
Calice
,
Dunkirk
,
and
Guines
;
Dunkirk
recovered
by
Count
Egmont
,
with
the
losse
of
15000
French.
In
England
,
the
Duke
of
Somerset
beheaded
;
Christs-Hospital
in
London
founded
:
the
King
dieth
;
by
his
Will
Iane
daughter
to
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
should
have
succeeded
,
she
is
proclaimed
by
Northumberland
and
others
,
who
suffered
for
it
;
but
Mary
succeeded
5
yeares
,
who
put
to
death
the
Lady
Iane
,
with
her
husband
and
father
;
Wyat
rebelleth
;
Cardinal
Poole
made
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
;
the
Queen
marrieth
with
King
Philip
;
S.
Quintins
taken
by
the
English.
To
Q.
Mary
succeeded
Elizabeth
44
years
;
Calice
is
demanded
;
the
French
aid
the
Scots
against
the
English
;
the
Queen
aideth
the
Scots
Lords
,
Lieth
besieged
by
the
Lord
Gray
;
the
Queen-Dowager
of
Scotland
entertained
in
England
,
she
is
made
Regent
of
Scotland
,
the
old
Regent
Duke
of
Chastelrault
;
H●…tly
is
committed
:
the
Scots
invade
England
,
and
are
repelled
;
Knox
with
the
other
Protestants
put
to
the
Horn
;
they
take
Glascow
and
Blacknesse
.
In
the
Church
,
Iulius
3.
sits
5
years
:
He
keepeth
the
Jubile
,
and
continueth
the
Councel
of
Trent
;
he
betrayeth
Sena
to
the
Emperor
.
To
him
succeeded
Marcellus
2.
21
dayes
:
then
Paul
4.
4
years
;
to
him
the
Romans
erected
a
Marble-statue
,
for
enlarging
their
priviledges
;
He
refuseth
to
confirm
King
Philip
of
Naples
:
He
dieth
,
and
the
Romans
cut
off
the
head
and
right-hand
of
his
statue
,
and
fling
it
into
Tyber
.
The
Protestant-Ministers
are
expelled
Auspurg
;
Osiander
and
the
Professors
of
Wittenberg
differ
about
Justification
.
Mary
the
Regent
opposeth
the
Inquisition
in
the
Low-Countries
.
The
Protestants
differ
about
the
Necessity
of
Good
works
.
Servetus
the
Arian
burnt
at
Geneva
.
Protestants
persecuted
in
England
;
Latimer
,
Ridley
,
and
Cranmer
burnt
.
The
Agreement
at
Passau
confirmed
.
The
body
of
David
George
taken
out
of
his
grave
,
and
burnt
,
3
years
after
his
burial
.
The
Catholiques
and
Protestants
confer
at
Wormes
,
and
so
at
Westminster
:
At
Auspurg
,
peace
confirmed
to
the
Protestants
.
Hugonots
in
France
,
so
called
from
S.
Hugo's
Gate
,
where
they
used
to
assemble
in
Tours
.
In
the
East
,
Solyman
yet
reigneth
:
some
Christian
Princes
attempt
Tripolis
,
but
Pial
Bassa
Pial
Bassa
subdueth
Chios
for
aiding
Malta
,
after
it
had
been
possessed
by
Genua
200
years
.
Zigeth
is
taken
;
at
the
siege
thereof
Solyman
died
:
His
son
Selymus
2.
succeeded
8
years
;
he
makes
peace
with
Persia
,
Hungary
and
Venice
;
he
invadeth
Scythia
with
losse
;
he
demandeth
Cyprus
from
the
Venetians
,
who
refuse
to
part
with
it
,
so
the
peace
is
broken
.
In
the
West
,
Ferdinand
the
Emperor
dieth
:
His
son
Maximilian
2.
succeedeth
12
years
;
he
makes
8
years
peace
with
the
Turk
.
In
France
,
Conde
who
was
condemned
to
die
,
is
released
;
the
King
of
Navar
forsakes
the
Protestants
.
The
battel
of
Dreux
in
Normandy
,
where
the
King
of
Navar
is
slain
,
with
9000
on
both
sides
,
and
Conde
taken
;
the
Duke
of
Guise
slain
at
the
siege
of
Orleans
.
The
Holy-League
with
Spain
against
the
Protestants
.
Within
this
Decad
were
3
Civil-wars
for
Religion
in
France
:
The
Prince
of
Conde
is
aided
by
Casimir
with
3000
men
;
the
King
with
as
many
by
the
Duke
of
Saxony
;
After
a
battel
,
Liberty
of
Conscience
is
granted
:
The
Prince
of
Conde
is
taken
,
and
slain
with
a
pistol
:
The
King
taketh
S.
Iohn
de
Angelo
.
King
Philip
of
Spain
giveth
30000
Ducats
towards
the
Printing
of
the
Complutens
.
Bible
at
Antwerp
.
In
the
Councel
of
Trent
,
France
and
Spain
strive
for
precedencie
.
The
Philippina's
are
discovered
.
The
Inquisitors
question
the
Archbishop
of
Toledo
.
The
Duke
of
Alva
commeth
into
Flanders
.
Prince
Charles
accused
by
the
Inquisitors
,
dieth
in
prison
.
The
spaniards
and
Moors
of
Granado
at
war
2
years
.
The
King
of
Poland
leagueth
with
Denmark
against
the
Swedes
.
The
Teutonick-Master
submits
to
the
Polander
,
and
is
made
Duke
of
Curland
.
The
Muscovite
is
beaten
by
the
Polacs
and
Livonians
,
and
loseth
5000
laden
wagons
.
The
King
recovereth
Parnovia
in
Swedeland
;
he
overthrows
the
Swedes
in
Livonia
,
and
abridgeth
Dansk
of
divers
priviledges
.
Maximilian
and
Mary
are
crowned
King
and
Queen
of
Hungary
:
the
Tartars
waste
the
Country
:
the
Turk
besiegeth
Zigeth
,
and
takes
divers
Towns
there
.
Breme
adjudged
by
the
Emperor
to
be
under
the
government
of
Denmark
and
Holst
.
The
Hamburgers
take
some
of
the
Kings
ships
in
the
Elve
,
for
which
they
are
forc'd
to
pay
12000
crowns
The
King
and
Lubekers
take
the
Castle
,
Town
and
Harbor
of
Elsenburg
in
Swedeland
.
The
Polander
intercepteth
some
Danish
ships
;
the
King
hindreth
the
Trade
at
Dansk
,
till
they
were
fain
to
redeem
it
with
100000
Crowns
.
Ericus
of
Swed●…land
fortifieth
Revalia
,
and
hinders
the
Lubekers
trade
,
by
which
he
made
the
Polander
and
Dane
his
enemies
;
He
is
beaten
off
from
the
siege
of
Helmestadt
in
Denmark
;
he
taketh
Drentham
in
Norway
,
and
loseth
it
again
;
He
imprisoneth
his
brother
Iohn
and
his
son
,
upon
suspition
that
they
fomented
these
wars
,
by
lending
mony
to
the
Dane
;
he
kills
also
many
of
his
best
friends
upon
jealousie
;
he
releaseth
his
brother
,
and
is
deposed
and
imprisoned
:
His
brother
Iohn
3.
succeedeth
23
years
.
Venice
will
not
admit
the
Popes
Inquisition
.
The
Arsenal
burnt
;
whereupon
Selymus
invadeth
Cyprus
.
14
Bishopricks
erected
in
the
Low-Countries
,
at
which
the
people
repine
,
for
so
the
Inquisition
was
brought
in
;
Count
Egmont
sent
with
complaints
to
the
King
,
but
no
satisfactory
answer
;
the
King
commandeth
obedience
to
the
Councel
of
Trent
,
aid
to
the
Inquisition
,
and
execution
of
former
Edicts
:
The
Nobles
,
upon
the
execution
of
the
Kings
Letters
,
begin
to
stand
upon
their
guard
;
Images
are
defaced
,
and
Protestants
permitted
at
Antwerp
to
build
Churches
:
Protestantisme
is
again
inhibited
:
the
Regent
taketh
arms
.
Valenciens
taken
,
for
favouring
Protestants
.
Alva
commits
the
Earls
of
Egmont
and
Horn
,
and
builds
Antwerp-Castle
:
Horn
and
Egmont
,
with
others
,
executed
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
his
eldest
son
is
sent
into
Spain
:
The
Prince
of
Orange
and
his
brother
take
arms
,
and
are
driven
into
France
by
the
Duke
,
who
brings
in
the
new
Bishops
,
and
setleth
the
Inquisition
:
Multitudes
of
people
forsake
the
Netherlands
:
Traffique
with
England
ceaseth
.
The
Scots
Queen
quartereth
the
English
Arms
,
and
assumeth
the
Titles
of
England
and
Ireland
,
by
the
advice
of
the
Guises
.
The
Queen
of
England
seeketh
to
reconcile
the
factions
in
France
,
and
sends
the
Earl
of
Bedford
thither
;
she
helpeth
the
Protestants
,
takes
New-haven
,
Rohan
,
and
Deep
,
which
were
lost
again
.
Shan-Oneal
the
Rebel
is
pardoned
by
the
Queen
;
but
he
returns
and
rebelleth
again
.
Leicester
designed
by
Queen
Elizabeth
,
for
Queen
Maries
Husband
of
Scotland
.
Oneal
defeated
by
Sidney
the
Lord
Deputy
,
and
slain
by
the
wilde
Scots
.
Thornton
committed
,
for
making
doubts
about
Queen
Maries
Title
.
Queen
Elizabeth
Godmother
to
the
Prince
of
Scotland
;
Bedford
is
the
Deputy
.
She
demands
Calice
,
and
is
refused
.
Queen
Mary
cast
upon
the
Coast
of
England
in
her
flight
.
Northumberland
and
Westmerland
rebell
,
and
are
driven
into
Scotland
.
The
Duke
of
Norfolk
committed
,
for
intending
to
marry
Queen
Mary
.
The
French
expelled
Scotland
.
Queen
Elizabeth
refuseth
to
declare
Queen
Mary
Heire
.
The
Queens
base-brother
made
Earl
of
Murray
:
Earl
Huntly
slain
,
and
his
Son
beheaded
:
Bothwel
escapeth
:
Archbishop
of
S.
Andrews
committed
for
keeping
Masse
:
The
Queen
falls
in
love
with
the
Lord
Dernly
,
and
makes
him
Earle
of
Rosse
and
Duke
of
Albany
;
He
marrieth
the
Queen
,
and
is
proclaimed
King
:
divers
Lords
flie
into
England
,
return
,
and
are
reconciled
:
Rizius
the
Queens
favourite
murthered
,
whereupon
Morton
and
others
flie
into
England
.
The
King
murthered
by
Bothwel
,
who
marrieth
the
Queen
;
she
is
taken
,
and
resigneth
;
he
flieth
into
Denmark
,
and
there
dieth
in
prison
:
Murray
made
Regent
.
Iames
6.
reigneth
57
years
.
The
Queens
forces
defeated
;
she
flieth
towards
France
,
but
is
stopped
in
England
.
In
the
Church
,
Pius
4.
sitteth
5
years
:
he
strangled
Cardinal
Caraffa
with
some
others
for
opposing
him
in
the
Conclave
:
He
comes
to
the
Councel
of
Trent
,
and
dissolveth
it
:
He
citeth
the
Queen
of
Navar
,
being
a
Protestant
,
to
Rome
;
the
French
king
protecteth
her
.
Pius
5.
succeeded
6
years
:
He
supplies
the
Emperor
with
money
towards
the
Turkish
war
:
He
sends
to
the
Duke
of
Alva
for
his
service
against
the
Protestants
,
a
Consecrated
Helmet
,
and
a
Pair
of
Gantlets
.
The
King
of
Mauritania
is
baptised
.
At
Passau
in
France
,
is
a
Conference
between
the
Cardinal
of
Lorain
and
the
Bishops
,
and
Peter
Martyr
,
Marlorat
,
and
Beza
.
The
Protestants
are
murthered
in
a
Church
at
Paris
.
The
Councel
of
Trent
endeth
.
Religion
in
France
is
tolerated
by
the
Kings
Proclamation
.
The
Pope
dispenseth
with
the
Bavarlans
and
Austrians
to
receive
in
both
kinds
.
At
Antwerp
,
Lutherans
and
Catholiques
joyn
against
the
Calvinists
.
A
Councel
is
held
at
Milan
;
divers
Conferences
in
Germany
between
the
Lutherans
and
Zuinglians
.
In
the
East
,
Pial
Bassa
takes
Nicosia
in
Cyprus
,
with
250
Field-peeces
,
and
many
Captives
,
Rochel
.
Navar
and
Conde
renounce
Protestanism
:
with
Rochel
and
Mont-Alban
a
peace
is
concluded
.
Henry
the
Kings
brother
elected
King
of
Poland
:
Montgomery
executed
:
The
King
dieth
;
to
whom
succeeded
his
brother
Henry
3.
16
years
,
the
Queen-mother
is
Regent
;
Conde
removeth
into
Germany
;
the
5.
Civil
war
followed
,
D'
Auvile
takes
the
Protestants
part
;
The
Germans
invade
France
by
Condes
means
;
Navar
escapes
into
Picardy
;
The
Guises
aim
at
the
Crown
;
the
Duke
of
Alenson
the
Kings
brother
,
head
of
the
Protestants
,
is
reconciled
to
the
King.
A
6.
Civil
war
was
begining
,
but
the
King
was
100
millions
in
debt
:
Navar
takes
arms
;
D'Auvile
leaveth
the
Protestants
;
peace
is
made
with
Conde
.
The
Order
of
the
Holy-Ghost
was
now
instituted
.
Don
Requiescens
sent
Governor
into
Belgium
,
and
after
him
Don
Iohn
of
Austria
.
Antwerp
is
taken
by
the
Spaniard
.
Sebastian
of
Portugal
in
his
Africk
expedition
is
killed
,
to
whom
succeeded
Henry
the
Cardinal
.
Sigismund
King
of
Poland
,
and
last
of
Iagello's
line
,
dieth
;
the
French
kings
brother
Henry
Duke
of
Bourbon
is
elected
;
He
understanding
his
brother
was
dead
,
gets
away
in
the
dark
out
of
Cracovia
.
Maximilian
the
Emperor
is
chosen-by
the
greater
part
,
but
at
the
Turks
intreaty
Steven
Prince
of
Transilvania
is
made
King
;
he
reigned
11
years
:
He
takes
Dansk
,
and
useth
it
hardly
.
Livonia
spoiled
by
the
Muscovite
;
the
Dane
and
Swede
make
peace
at
Stetin
:
six
years
war
between
the
Danes
and
hamburgers
,
upon
taking
of
one
of
the
Kings
Ships
by
them
;
but
upon
the
payment
of
a
great
sum
they
are
reconciled
to
the
King.
Venice
makes
a
perpetual
League
with
the
Pope
and
Spaniard
.
A
Plague
at
Venice
,
which
killed
70000.
upon
the
ceasing
whereof
a
Church
is
built
to
the
Redeemer
,
as
the
Senate
and
Duke
had
vowed
before
.
The
Flemings
refuse
to
pay
new
Taxes
;
a
great
destruction
among
them
by
an
inundation
.
Bergen
taken
by
the
Spaniard
.
Alva
called
home
,
and
Medina
Caeli
sent
Governour
;
the
Zelanders
take
much
booty
from
him
;
he
taketh
divers
Towns
,
and
returns
to
Spain
;
his
successor
Requiescens
besiegeth
Leyden
twice
,
to
no
purpose
;
he
takes
divers
Towns
,
and
dieth
.
The
Spaniards
mutiny
for
pay
,
and
are
expelled
the
Country
;
Iohn
of
Austria
is
made
Governour
;
Antwerp
is
plundred
,
and
the
Castle
dismantled
;
Iohn
retireth
to
Luxenburg
,
being
proclaimed
enemy
to
Belgium
;
a
pacification
is
made
,
and
Matthias
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
becomes
Governour
;
upon
the
death
of
Don
Iohn
,
Alexander
Farneses
Prince
of
Parma
is
made
Governour
;
he
takes
Mastricht
,
and
other
places
;
the
Antwerpians
drive
out
their
Catholique
Clergy
;
the
Holland-Company
,
called
the
Gueux
,
take
the
Brill
:
the
Hollanders
make
William
of
Nassaw
Prince
of
Orange
their
Governour
;
he
relieveth
Leyden
,
and
takes
divers
Towns
:
A
general
pardon
to
all
the
Belgians
,
except
Nassaw
and
some
others
.
Queen
Elizabeth
lendeth
the
Hollanders
20000
pounds
;
they
take
Gaunt
,
Utricht
,
and
many
other
Towns
;
Matthias
Arch-Duke
is
Governour
a
while
,
and
resigneth
to
Anjou
;
Amsterdam
and
other
Towns
yield
to
the
Hollanders
.
In
England
,
Dacres
that
renewed
the
Rebellion
,
is
defeated
by
the
Lord
Hunsdon
;
Westmerland
fleeth
into
Flanders
,
Northumberland
beheaded
at
York
;
The
Royal
Exchange
built
;
Story
executed
for
Treason
;
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
beheaded
;
Sir
Francis
Drake
saileth
to
the
Indies
;
the
Queen
is
Godmother
to
the
French
Kings
Daughter
,
her
Deputy
was
the
Earl
of
Worcester
;
Alenson
a
suiter
to
the
Queen
;
she
refuseth
the
protection
of
Holland
,
but
strives
to
make
peace
there
;
a
Rebellion
in
Ireland
;
Frobishers
Voyage
;
Trade
with
Turky
and
Muscovy
;
Alenson
now
Duke
of
Anjou
comes
over
hither
;
Desmond
rebelleth
.
In
Scotland
,
the
Regent
is
slain
;
Matthew
Earl
of
Lenox
succeeds
;
Huntley
raiseth
Forces
in
the
North
for
the
Queen
;
the
Regent
takes
Dunbritton
Castle
,
and
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Saint
Andrews
in
it
,
whom
he
hangeth
for
consenting
to
the
Kings
murther
;
The
Regent
is
killed
,
and
the
Earl
of
Mar
succeeds
;
Commissioners
sent
by
Queen
Elizabeth
to
examine
Queen
Mary
upon
some
Articles
;
Queen
Elizabeth
gets
Earle
Morton
to
be
Regent
;
she
helpeth
him
;
the
Bishop
of
Rosse
,
Queen
Maries
diligent
Agent
,
is
banished
England
;
Edenburg
taken
by
the
Protestants
;
Iohn
of
Austria
practiseth
to
marry
Queen
Mary
;
the
French
King
strives
to
get
the
young
King
into
his
custody
;
Morton
displaced
,
and
12
Peers
●…ned
to
the
King
,
whereof
Morton
was
one
;
difference
betweene
him
and
the
re●…
,
the
Lord
Aubigney
made
a
Duke
by
the
King.
In
the
Church
sits
Gregory
13.
13
years
,
he
makes
Cosmo
di
Medices
Great-Duke
of
Tuscany
;
he
grants
to
the
Portugals
against
the
Moors
a
Croysado
;
his
Chappel
in
the
Vatican
which
he
built
,
stood
him
in
100000
Ducats
.
Pope
Pius
his
Bull
against
Queen
Elizabeth
is
fastned
to
the
Bishop
of
Londons
gate
.
A
pacification
in
France
published
and
revoked
.
The
Palatine
Divines
and
Anabaptists
have
a
Conference
;
the
Duke
of
Batlen
turns
Protestant
;
Henault
and
Artois
exclude
themselves
from
the
peace
of
Gaunt
,
and
are
called
the
Male-contents
;
a
form
of
Concord
drawn
up
by
the
Divines
of
Auspurg
.
Three
Councels
held
this
Decad
at
Milan
.
In
the
East
,
Sinan
Bassa
goeth
General
against
the
Persian
,
and
loseth
his
men
:
the
like
Mustapha
:
Ferat
is
made
General
,
who
returneth
without
success
.
The
League
with
the
Emperour
renewed
for
8
years
,
but
the
Turks
brake
the
League
by
invading
Hungary
,
for
which
the
Bassa
of
Buda
is
strangled
:
Sinan
recalled
from
his
banishment
,
and
made
Bassa
there
.
Amurath
is
troubled
with
the
Falling-sickness
.
Osman
taketh
Tauris
:
Cicala
his
Successor
loseth
80000
Turks
.
Peace
is
made
with
the
Polander
and
Persian
.
The
Janisaries
mutiny
,
and
15000
houses
burnt
in
Constantinople
.
Sinan
displaced
,
and
Ferat
sent
in
his
room
.
In
the
West
,
the
Emperour
sends
Commissioners
to
Colen
for
setling
peace
in
the
Low-Countries
,
but
in
vain
.
The
Germans
that
invaded
France
,
are
defeated
by
the
Guises
:
The
Polander
defeats
Maximilian
the
Archduke
,
and
takes
him
:
A
peace
is
made
,
and
he
set
free
.
In
France
,
a
league
is
made
against
the
King
,
for
favouring
the
Protestants
:
upon
which
followeth
the
7.
Civil
War.
Divers
places
taken
by
the
Guises
,
who
oppose
the
King
,
desirous
of
peace
.
Navar
and
Conde
excommunitated
by
the
Pope
;
they
prevail
in
Poictou
:
Navar
gets
the
day
at
Courtray
,
wherein
Ioyeuse
is
slain
.
Navar
excluded
from
succession
,
and
Conde
poysoned
.
The
Duke
of
Guise
and
the
Cardinall
his
brother
are
slaine
for
aspiring
.
Navar
helpeth
the
King
,
whom
the
Duke
de
Mayne
was
like
to
surprise
.
Clement
a
Iacobin
stabbeth
the
King.
Philip
of
Spain
expels
Antony
Prior
of
Crato
,
whom
the
Portugals
had
made
their
King
;
he
beats
the
French
who
aided
Antony
.
The
Terceras
taken
by
the
Spaniard
.
The
English
and
their
●…ods
arrested
in
Spain
:
the
English
lose
some
Ships
in
Cadiz
:
the
Armado
defeated
by
the
English
,
who
strive
in
vain
to
restore
Antony
.
The
Spaniard
aideth
the
Savoyen
against
Geneva
.
The
Polander
beats
the
Muscovite
,
who
at
last
surrenders
Riga
,
and
all
Livonia
to
the
Polander
,
and
makes
peace
,
and
withall
kils
his
son
for
his
bad
success
.
Dansk
is
reconciled
to
the
Queen
.
King
Steven
dyeth
:
Maximilian
Duke
of
Austria
,
is
chosen
by
some
,
and
Sigismund
the
King
of
Swedes
son
by
others
.
In
Denmark
,
Christiern
the
4.
reigneth
.
The
Swedes
take
divers
places
from
the
Muscovite
.
The
Persian
sendeth
to
the
State
of
Venice
to
league
with
them
against
the
Turk
.
The
Malteses
trouble
the
Turks
in
the
Venetian
seas
,
for
which
Venice
and
the
Knights
fall
out
.
Venice
sends
to
Amurath
400
slaves
with
800000
Ducats
,
who
was
angry
for
the
wrong
done
to
the
Vice-roys
wife
of
Algiere
,
by
Gabriel
Heme
,
in
her
passage
to
Constantinople
,
which
Heme
also
they
executed
.
The
States
totally
reject
King
Philip's
Government
.
Anjou
made
Duke
of
Brabant
,
Marquiss
of
the
holy
Empire
,
and
Earl
of
Flanders
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
shot
.
Divers
Towns
taken
by
the
States
.
The
Duke
resignes
the
places
he
had
taken
,
and
returns
to
France
.
Orange
is
murthered
by
one
Gerard
:
Maurice
his
second
son
chosen
Governour
;
the
elder
was
a
prisoner
in
Spain
.
Queen
Elizabeth
becomes
Protector
of
the
Low-Countries
;
who
for
her
money
lent
,
receiveth
some
cautionary
Towns.
Leicester
sent
Lieutenant-Governor
;
he
takes
some
places
,
and
returns
:
the
States
dislike
him
.
The
Hollanders
take
divers
places
.
Tournay
taken
by
the
Duke
of
Parma
.
The
Spaniards
take
divers
Towns
,
and
recover
Dunkirk
,
Gaunt
,
Brussels
,
Antwerp
,
Grave
and
Venlo
.
Divers
Forts
betrayed
to
the
Duke
,
he
is
driven
from
the
siege
of
Bergen-up-Zoom
.
The
Spaniards
assist
Desmond
,
and
are
driven
out
of
Ireland
.
The
Lord
Grey
suppresseth
the
Rebels
.
A
Proclamation
in
England
against
Seminaries
and
Jesuites
.
Antonio
of
Portugal
cometh
into
England
.
Campian
put
to
death
.
The
King
of
Denmark
made
Knight
of
the
Garter
.
Guise
plotteth
Queen
Maries
delivery
.
Throgmorton
executed
.
Desmond
slain
:
Northumberland
confined
;
Arundel
sent
to
the
Tower
:
Northumberland
found
dead
in
the
Tower
,
being
shot
:
14
executed
for
Treason
.
Drake
takes
some
places
from
the
Spaniard
:
Drake
,
Norris
and
Essex
sent
to
aide
Antonio
of
Portugal
:
the
Queen
supplyeth
Navar
with
men
and
money
.
In
Scotland
,
Morton
is
imprisoned
being
accused
of
Treason
:
the
Duke
of
Lenox
unjustly
accused
by
the
Ministers
:
Morton
beheaded
for
being
accessary
to
the
Kings
death
.
The
Ruthens
imprison
the
King
,
and
force
him
to
recall
Angus
:
the
King
is
set
free
,
confineth
Angus
:
Gowry
executed
for
Treason
.
Arran
and
Fernihurst
invade
Ireland
;
Bingham
subdueth
their
forces
.
Queen
Mary
beheaded
.
The
King
marryeth
the
King
of
Denmarks
daughter
,
and
goeth
thither
himself
.
In
the
Church
,
Gregory
yet
sits
:
He
sets
free
the
Master
of
Malta
,
whom
the
King
had
imprisoned
,
and
reformeth
the
Calendar
;
which
occasioned
some
troubles
in
Poland
.
To
him
succeedeth
Sixtus
5.
5
years
,
his
father
was
a
Swine-herd
:
He
removed
the
Obelisk
into
the
Vatican
,
and
there
erected
a
new
Library
:
he
made
his
young
Nephew
a
Cardinal
,
and
gives
him
10000
crowns
revenue
:
He
left
behinde
him
10
Millions
;
he
had
a
Statue
erected
to
him
.
The
new
Calendar
rejected
by
the
Duke
of
Saxony
:
it
occasioneth
troubles
at
Auspurg
,
and
Riga
in
Livonia
:
The
Protestant
Princes
meet
at
Luneburg
;
the
Churches
of
Poland
,
Russia
and
Lituania
agree
in
the
points
of
Religion
,
wherein
they
had
heretofore
disagreed
.
In
the
East
,
The
Turks
break
the
league
in
Hungary
;
the
Emperour
complains
:
Amurath
pretends
ignorance
:
The
Bassa
of
Bosna
taketh
Whitz
,
the
chief
City
of
Croatia
,
Ferat
Bassa
,
for
the
loss
of
Strigon
:
he
wins
and
loseth
divers
places
and
men
:
the
Turks
kill
20000
Christians
,
being
too
eager
in
loading
themselves
with
the
plunder
of
Karesta
,
where
60000
Turks
were
slain
.
The
Vayvod
of
Valachia
having
revolted
from
the
Turk
,
burneth
Nicopolis
.
Varadin
in
Transilvania
relieved
by
Basta
the
Emperours
Lieutenant
.
The
Turks
and
Valachians
infest
each
others
Territories
.
The
Cardinal
of
Transylvania
leagueth
with
the
Turk
;
the
Bassa
of
Agria
beaten
,
and
of
Buda
taken
.
In
the
West
,
the
Germans
league
with
Transylvania
against
the
Turk
;
the
Prince
of
Transylvania
resigneth
to
the
Emperour
for
Silesia
,
but
repents
,
and
returns
home
,
where
he
resignes
to
his
Uncle
,
the
Cardinal
,
whom
the
Vayvod
of
Valachia
killed
in
fight
,
for
leaguing
with
the
Turk
,
and
recovers
Transylvania
to
the
Empire
,
and
is
made
Governour
thereof
.
In
France
,
Henry
4.
of
Navar
reigneth
21
years
,
he
defeats
De
Mayne
;
it
is
held
Treason
by
the
Parliament
of
Rohan
to
side
with
the
King
,
who
takes
Chartres
and
Noyon
,
defeats
the
Savoyen
,
and
besiegeth
Rohan
;
the
President
of
Paris
strangled
by
the
Tribunes
;
Duke
Ioyeuse
drowned
,
and
300
of
the
League
slaine
in
Languidoc
;
the
King
becomes
Catholique
,
upon
which
many
Leaguers
fall
off
to
him
;
he
is
Crowned
,
and
most
places
submit
;
Guise
is
reconciled
to
him
;
the
Jesuits
banished
,
for
a
stroke
given
to
the
King
by
one
of
them
;
the
King
defeats
the
Spaniards
in
Picardy
;
De
Mayne
and
Nemours
reconciled
to
him
;
Ioyeuse
made
Admiral
;
Marselles
prised
for
him
;
Amiens
recovered
;
a
League
with
England
and
Holland
;
Callais
restored
upon
peace
with
the
Spaniard
;
Britain
submits
,
and
so
the
Civil
War
ends
.
At
Nante
,
the
Edict
of
Pacification
for
exercise
of
the
Protestant
Religion
;
the
King
is
divorced
from
Queen
Margaret
,
and
marrieth
Katherine
de
Medices
;
Duke
Ioyeuse
becomes
a
Capuchin
:
Cardinal
Albertus
,
the
Emperours
youngest
son
,
is
made
Governour
o●…
Portugal
,
and
Archbishop
of
Toledo
:
Another
Spanish
Fleet
miscarrieth
at
the
Cape
of
Saint
Vincent
:
To
King
Philip
succeeded
his
son
Philip
3.
24
years
.
Amiens
taken
by
the
Cardinal
Albert
,
who
married
Isabella
the
Infanta
:
Sigismund
King
of
Poland
swears
to
receive
the
Confession
of
Auspurg
,
before
he
is
admitted
to
the
Swedish
Crown
;
he
conquereth
Moldavia
,
and
is
deposed
in
Swevia
.
In
Hungary
many
Turks
slain
;
At
Alba
Regalis
,
the
Governour
of
Rab
executed
for
surrendring
it
to
the
Turk
;
many
Towns
lost
and
won
;
Rab
recovered
,
with
some
other
Townes
.
The
Swedes
and
Tartars
beaten
by
the
Muscovite
;
peace
made
with
him
.
Charles
the
King
of
Swedes
Uncle
is
Governour
of
Suevia
.
Sigismund
cometh
with
an
Army
against
Charles
,
who
taketh
Calmaria
,
and
subdueth
Finland
:
The
Usoques
out
of
Dalmatia
and
Hungary
notable
Pyrats
.
To
Parma
in
Flanders
succeeded
Peter
Ernest
Duke
of
Austria
,
brother
to
Rodulph
the
Emperour
;
the
States
refuse
his
proffer
of
peace
;
to
him
succeedeth
Arch-Duke
Albert
,
he
takes
Calais
and
Hulst
,
with
Amiens
;
Grave
Maurice
defeats
him
;
the
King
bestowes
Belgium
and
Burgoin
on
Albert
,
with
the
Infanta
his
wife
;
the
Spaniard
takes
divers
places
in
Frisland
and
Cleve
;
Maurice
made
Lieutenant-Generall
of
the
united
Provinces
;
he
takes
Breda
,
and
other
places
;
A
Councel
of
Estate
set
up
,
wherein
the
Queen
was
to
have
two
Councellors
;
Prince
of
Orange
released
in
Spain
;
the
Grave
taketh
11
Towns
in
3
months
;
one
Panne
is
executed
for
attempting
to
kill
the
Grave
;
the
States
prohibited
from
trading
in
Spain
;
they
trade
into
the
East-Indies
.
Queen
Elizabeth
furnisheth
the
French
King
with
money
,
and
procureth
peace
of
the
Turk
to
Poland
;
Grevil
fighteth
the
Spanish
Fleet
:
The
Voyages
of
Cavendish
to
the
Straits
of
Magellain
,
and
of
Lancaster
to
the
East-Indies
;
Raleigh's
Expedition
into
America
and
Guiana
;
Tyr-Oens
Rebellion
;
the
Thames
dry
;
Farnanbuc
taken
by
Lancaster
;
Cadiz
taken
by
Essex
;
Mac
Hugh
the
Irish-Rebel
slain
;
the
French
King
made
Knight
of
the
Garter
;
the
English
Expedition
to
the
Azores
at
Black-water
;
the
English
defeated
by
Tyr-Oen
;
Essex
parlieth
with
him
;
he
is
committed
to
the
Lord
Keeper
.
In
Scotland
,
Bothwel
attempteth
the
Kings
chamber
,
he
is
proclaimed
Traytor
,
and
some
of
his
Pages
hanged
;
Huntley
kills
Murry
,
for
harbouring
Bothwel
;
he
fleeth
into
England
,
returns
and
rebelleth
again
.
In
the
Church
sits
Urban
7.
12
dayes
,
then
Gregory
14.
10
moneths
;
he
excommunicates
the
French
King
;
succeeded
Innocent
9.
2
moneths
,
then
Clement
8.
13
years
;
he
absolves
the
French
King
:
Ferrara
being
escheated
to
the
Pope
for
want
of
Heirs
,
a
war
ensueth
with
Caesar
Estensis
about
it
,
which
shortly
after
was
taken
up
.
Protestanism
in
Saxony
is
forsaken
;
the
Protestants
are
persecuted
in
Styria
and
Carinthia
,
but
permitted
in
France
.
Hacket
,
for
blasphemy
,
is
hanged
.
In
the
East
,
the
Turk
and
Persian
quarrel
;
Alba
Regalis
lost
;
Hassan
Bassa
,
and
his
Army
Ali
Bassa
surprised
with
200
Waggons
and
70000
Ducats
by
the
Heyducks
;
Alba
recovered
,
and
Pest
lost
;
Mahomet
strangleth
his
son
,
and
drowneth
his
mother
for
treason
;
his
son
Achmat
succeedeth
13
years
;
the
Turks
defeated
twice
in
Asia
by
their
Rebels
;
Pest
and
Hatwan
lost
to
the
Turk
;
Tauris
recovered
by
the
Persian
;
some
Towns
taken
in
Hungary
:
the
Persian
defeats
two
Bassa's
:
the
Bassa
of
Aleppo
rebelleth
,
he
defeats
two
Bassa's
,
takes
Tripolis
and
Damascus
,
and
leagueth
with
the
Persian
:
The
Turk
makes
peace
with
the
Emperor
for
20
years
:
The
Bassa's
of
Agria
and
Buda
are
put
to
death
,
for
striving
to
break
the
peace
;
the
Turks
are
spoiled
at
Sea
by
the
Duke
of
Florence
.
In
the
West
,
Basta
beats
the
Transylvanian
,
and
kills
the
Vayvod
of
Valachia
,
for
intending
to
call
in
the
Turk
.
Basta
is
thrust
out
by
the
Prince
,
who
at
last
submits
to
Basta
,
and
swears
fealty
to
the
Emperour
;
Basta
subdueth
the
rebellious
Transylvanians
:
The
Emperour
and
Persian
league
against
the
Turk
.
Botscay
winneth
some
part
of
Transylvania
;
he
makes
his
peace
with
the
Emperour
,
and
obtaineth
Transylvania
to
him
and
his
Heirs
:
The
Catholike
Clergy
wronged
by
Donaward
a
free
City
,
therefore
it
is
proscribed
and
taken
by
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
.
The
Jesuites
Colledge
and
Library
burnt
at
Vienna
.
Transylvania
rebelleth
again
,
and
makes
Gabriel
Battori
their
Governour
;
upon
the
Duke
of
Iuliers
death
without
Heirs
,
Brandeburg
and
Newburg
lay
claim
to
it
:
The
Bishop
of
Strasburg
is
sent
thither
by
the
Emperour
,
and
expels
their
Governours
:
The
French
subdue
Savoy
,
because
the
Marquisat
of
Salusses
is
not
,
according
to
promise
,
restored
:
The
Dukes
peace
is
made
by
Cardinal
Aldobrandin
.
The
French
Embassadours
doors
broken
open
in
Spain
,
and
his
Nephew
imprisoned
,
but
he
is
released
again
.
Byron
executed
for
Treason
:
League
renewed
with
the
Switzers
:
Traffique
forbidden
into
Spain
and
Flanders
,
upon
a
new
Impost
there
.
Father
Cotton
gets
the
Jesuites
to
be
restored
.
Count
Avergne
once
pardoned
,
falls
to
new
practises
,
and
is
imprisoned
.
Marselles
like
to
be
betrayed
to
the
Spaniard
,
whereupon
the
Governour
of
Provence
is
executed
.
The
revenues
of
Navar
united
to
the
Crown
of
France
.
At
Bolloign
the
Treaty
of
peace
between
France
and
Spain
is
broken
off
,
for
precedency
:
Spain
makes
peace
with
England
.
Nottingham
arriveth
in
Spain
,
to
take
the
Kings
Oath
to
the
peace
:
A
peace
also
is
made
with
the
Hollander
for
12
years
.
In
Poland
,
about
some
troubles
raised
by
the
Jesuites
,
the
Lords
meet
at
Lublyn
about
Toleration
of
Religion
,
who
are
suddenly
surprised
by
the
King
,
and
many
of
them
slain
.
Hungary
is
wasted
by
the
Tartars
;
divers
Towns
lost
.
The
Turk
sendeth
Botscay
the
Crown
of
Hungary
,
taken
from
Ladislaus
.
Botscay
repents
his
league
with
the
Turk
,
and
dieth
.
The
Turk
takes
divers
Townes
in
Hungary
;
the
Emperour
resigneth
Hungary
to
his
brother
Matthias
.
Exercise
of
Protestantism
granted
to
Austria
.
In
Swethland
,
Charles
is
declared
King
,
he
attempteth
Livonia
in
vain
;
His
Bastard-son
is
taken
by
the
Polander
;
He
besiegeth
Riga
in
vain
,
and
loseth
9000
men
;
he
loseth
the
Castle
of
Wessenstein
,
and
recovers
it
again
.
The
King
of
Denmark
commeth
to
Hamburg
,
and
taketh
the
Oath
of
Allegiance
of
them
.
Matthias
is
chosen
King
of
Bohemia
by
the
Lords
:
Liberty
of
Conscience
granted
to
the
Bohemians
and
Silesians
.
The
Venetians
league
with
the
Grisons
,
and
forbid
building
of
more
Monasteries
and
giving
Lands
to
the
Clergy
,
which
Act
had
been
made
An.
1337.
and
now
revived
;
they
are
hated
by
the
Pope
for
this
Act
,
and
by
the
Spaniard
for
their
League
with
the
Grisons
:
They
make
an
Edict
against
the
Jesuites
,
and
are
excommunicated
,
which
they
slight
,
and
raise
an
Army
for
their
defence
.
Cardinal
Ioyeuse
is
sent
from
France
to
compose
the
difference
,
at
last
the
prisoners
are
set
free
,
and
they
absolved
;
they
protect
and
enrich
such
as
had
written
in
their
defence
:
The
Arch-Duke
is
defeated
neer
to
Newport
:
The
Admiral
of
Arragon
being
taken
,
is
exchanged
for
the
Hollanders
imprisoned
in
Spain
:
Ostend
besieged
by
Albert.
6
Gallies
of
Spinola
sunk
by
the
Hollanders
and
English
;
he
is
slain
,
and
his
8
Gallies
defeated
:
Ambrose
Spinola
,
to
revenge
his
brothers
death
,
aideth
Albert
at
Ostend
;
after
almost
4
years
siege
,
and
the
loss
of
72900
men
in
the
Town
,
and
great
numbers
in
the
field
,
Ostend
yieldeth
on
composition
:
Spinola
takes
divers
Towns
,
but
faileth
of
Bergen
and
Grave
:
The
Netherlanders
acknowledged
free
States
by
Albert
:
Many
Towns
taken
by
the
Hollander
and
Spaniard
;
The
States
aide
Embden
against
their
Earle
:
Hertogenbush
besieged
by
Maurice
in
vain
;
Sluce
taken
from
the
Arch-Duke
;
some
Spaniards
fall
off
to
the
States
;
Maurice
faileth
of
his
design
against
Antwerp
;
Embden
and
the
Earle
reconciled
;
The
Hollander
beats
the
Spaniard
in
the
Straits
,
and
the
Portugals
in
the
Indies
.
The
Lord
Montjoy
doth
good
service
in
Ireland
;
Essex
beheaded
;
difference
between
English
and
Danes
about
Trade
;
Commissioners
sent
into
Denmark
;
the
Spaniards
land
in
Ireland
;
Tyr-Oen
submitteth
:
Queen
Elizabeth
dieth
;
King
Iames
succeedeth
22
years
:
Tyr-Oen
is
restored
by
him
;
Raleigh
,
Grey
,
and
Cobham
attainted
for
Treason
;
some
Priests
put
to
death
;
the
Gunpowder-Treason
;
the
King
of
Denmark
cometh
into
England
;
an
Insurrection
upon
Inclosures
;
Virginia
planted
;
the
New-Exchange
built
.
In
the
Church
,
Leo
11.
sits
26
dayes
:
then
Paul
5.
16
years
;
He
quarrels
with
the
Venetians
.
Du-Plessis
disputeth
with
the
Bishop
of
Eureux
.
At
Ratisbone
the
Jesuites
dispute
with
the
Lutherans
.
The
Duke
of
Savoy
expels
the
Protestants
:
the
Poland-Jesuites
burn
a
Protestant-Church
.
Marpurg
reformed
.
Liberty
of
Conscience
in
Hungary
.
An
Archbishoprick
erected
in
the
Philippina's
.
In
the
East
,
the
Persian
invadeth
Babylon
,
defeateth
Nassus
Bassa
,
and
kills
20000
Turks
.
Pera.
Holland
trades
with
the
Turk
.
The
Florentine
and
Sicilian
takes
some
places
and
Gallies
from
the
Turks
.
The
Bassa
of
Sid●…n
flieth
to
Florence
with
14000.
l.
weight
of
gold
.
A
Rebellion
in
Asia
and
Arabia
.
Nassuffe
the
Bassa
executed
for
intelligence
with
Persia.
Two
rich
Turkish
Gallies
taken
by
the
Florentine
.
Iacaia
,
Mahomet
3.
his
supposed
son
,
joyns
with
the
Asian
Rebels
.
Mustapha
,
Achmets
brother
,
ruleth
two
moneths
;
he
sets
free
the
Persian
Ambassador
,
and
imprisoneth
the
French
,
upon
the
escape
of
Coresky
the
Moldavian
;
he
is
thrust
into
a
Cel
,
and
Achmet
his
son
ruleth
;
he
sets
free
the
French
Ambassador
,
and
makes
peace
with
Persia.
Manfredonia
in
Sicily
lost
to
the
Turk
,
with
the
Isle
of
Ivisa
.
In
the
West
,
Iuliers
is
given
by
the
Emperor
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
;
Iuliers
taken
by
Grave-Maurice
.
To
Rodulph
succeeded
in
the
Empire
his
brother
Matthias
8
years
.
Spinola
takes
Aken
and
Wesel
,
and
beats
down
the
Fort
of
Mulheim
.
The
Hollanders
invade
Munster
and
Paderborn
.
The
Jewes
expelled
Wormes
,
and
their
Synagogue
burnt
.
Francfort
rebelleth
against
their
Magistrates
.
A
Luth●…ran-Jubile
kept
.
The
Emperor
dieth
,
to
whom
succeeds
Ferdinand
his
brother
.
K.
Henry
of
France
slain
by
Ravilliac
;
his
son
Lewis
13.
succeedeth
,
his
mother
Regent
;
the
Kings
heart
is
interred
by
the
Jesuites
:
Rohan
seiseth
on
S.
Iohn
de
Angeli
;
Conde
leaveth
the
Court
;
Vendosme
imprisoned
,
and
escapeth
;
The
Jewes
banished
France
;
Rohan
and
the
Protestants
take
arms
;
Anchore
made
Master
of
the
Horse
,
and
Governor
of
Normandy
;
Conde
imprisoned
;
Anchore's
house
spoiled
,
and
his
treasure
seised
on
by
the
people
;
he
is
slain
,
and
his
wife
executed
.
France
helpeth
Savoy
against
Spain
;
Espernon
joyneth
forces
with
the
Queen
,
they
are
reconciled
to
the
King
,
and
Conde
released
.
Peace
between
Spain
and
Savoy
.
900000
Moors
expelled
Spain
,
after
900
years
possession
.
The
Spaniard
helps
the
Duke
of
Mantua
against
Savoy
,
for
the
Marquisat
of
Montferrat
.
The
Polander
beats
the
Muscovite
,
and
takes
Smolensco
.
The
Dukedome
of
Borussia
confirmed
by
the
Polander
on
Brandeburg
and
his
heirs-male
.
The
Polander
beaten
in
Valachia
and
Muscovy
;
Smolensco
recovered
by
the
Muscovite
.
A
Rebellion
in
Poland
.
Podolia
wasted
by
the
Tartars
;
who
upon
the
outrages
of
the
Cossakes
,
burn
4
Cities
,
400
Villages
in
Podolia
,
and
carry
away
much
plunder
.
In
Hungary
,
the
Traitors
that
conspired
against
Battori
,
are
executed
.
Sigismund
Battori
dieth
,
and
the
Empresse
crowned
Queen
;
Gabr.
Battori
slain
,
and
Bethlem
Gabor
made
Prince
by
the
Turk
.
Steven
Vayvod
of
Moldavia
tyranniseth
,
is
taken
and
sent
with
Prince
Alexander
,
his
mother
and
brother
,
to
Constantinople
,
who
for
feare
renounced
Christ
.
The
Heyducks
beat
the
Turks
.
Ferdinand
is
crowned
King
of
Hungary
,
and
then
Bethlem
Gabor
.
The
Dane
takes
Calmaria
from
the
Swedes
;
they
waste
Norway
.
The
Lubekers
beat
the
Danes
at
sea
.
Calmaria
is
restored
,
and
peace
with
the
Swedes
is
made
.
New
Impositions
raised
in
the
Sound
.
The
Hollanders
help
Lubec
.
The
Swede
leagueth
with
the
Dane
against
Poland
.
To
Charles
of
Swedeland
succeeded
his
son
Gustavus
Adolphus
:
He
gaineth
upon
the
Dane
and
Muscovite
.
King
Iames
makes
peace
between
the
Swede
and
Muscovite
.
Great
troubles
in
Bohemia
.
A
Protestant
Church
built
in
Prague
.
The
Emperor
and
Archduke
of
Austria
crowned
at
Prague
.
The
Protestants
cast
three
of
the
Emperors
Councellors
out
of
a
window
,
and
league
with
Moravia
,
Silesia
,
and
Lusatia
.
Bucquoy
invadeth
Bohemia
.
Frederick
the
Palsgrave
chosen
King.
Venice
aideth
Mantua
against
Savoy
;
they
have
war
with
Ferdinand
of
Austria
,
they
are
aided
by
the
Hollanders
;
they
make
peace
with
Ferdinand
;
Treason
against
them
discovered
,
and
the
Traitors
executed
.
The
Archduke
stayes
the
Turkish
Ambassador
going
to
the
States
;
and
they
arrest
his
mony
,
sent
to
pay
his
garrisons
.
The
Spaniard
and
Hollander
fight
at
the
Cape
of
S.
Vincent
;
the
Hollander
lost
their
Admiral
,
and
the
Spaniard
3
ships
and
1500
men
.
Grave-Maurice
made
Knight
of
the
Garter
.
27
Spanish
ships
going
to
the
Indies
,
defeated
by
the
Hollanders
;
they
take
the
Castle
of
Mina
in
the
South-sea
;
they
secure
the
passage
on
the
River
Ems
,
by
building
two
Forts
.
Spilberg
beats
the
Spaniard
and
Portugal
.
The
Cautionary
Towns
redeemed
.
Maurice
succeedeth
to
Philip
in
the
principality
of
Orange
.
A
Synod
at
Dort.
Bernevelt
executed
.
King
Iames
is
visited
by
the
Lantgrave
of
Hesse
.
The
Lord
Zanchir
hanged
.
Queen
Mary's
body
removed
from
Peterburgh
to
Westminster
.
The
Palsgrave
married
to
the
Lady
Elizabeth
.
The
Londoners
make
a
Plantation
in
Ireland
.
The
English
plant
in
Bermudas
.
The
King
of
Denmark's
second
coming
hither
.
Middleton's-Water
brought
into
London
.
Sutton's-Hospital
founded
.
Overbury
poysoned
.
Spalato
cometh
hither
.
King
Iames
goeth
into
Scotland
.
Raleigh
executed
.
Queen
Anne
dieth
.
In
the
Church
,
Paul
sitteth
yet
:
He
sends
the
Emperor
a
golden
Rose
beset
with
rich
Gems
.
Bellarmine's
and
Marian's
Books
of
the
Popes
power
condemned
at
Paris
.
Mulheim
built
by
the
Protestants
,
who
were
expelled
Colen
.
Newburg
becomes
a
Papist
.
The
Protestant
Princes
meet
at
Norimberg
.
Silesia
petitioneth
the
Emperor
for
continuance
of
Protestantism
;
the
Bishop
of
Uratislavia
persecutes
them
;
the
Emperor
intercedes
for
them
.
Arminius
and
Vorstius
make
troubles
in
Holland
.
A
Synod
called
at
Dort.
In
the
East
,
the
Turks
take
Vatz
in
Hungary
,
against
the
peace
;
Osman
is
strangled
by
the
Amurath
4.
Osmans
son
advanced
:
Babylon
taken
by
the
Persian
:
the
Cossacks
trouble
the
Black-sea
and
Bosphorus
:
Abassa
is
pacified
,
having
threatned
Constantinople
,
and
defeats
the
Persians
:
20000
Turks
defeated
at
Babylon
:
the
King
of
Tartaria
expelled
by
his
brother
:
the
Janisaries
quarrel
with
the
Grand-Signior
.
In
the
West
,
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
defeateth
the
Bohemians
;
the
Emperor
nullifieth
the
election
of
the
Palatine
to
Bohemia
;
the
Palatine
with
Brandeburg
and
others
proscribed
;
Spire
wasted
by
Mansfield
,
and
the
Palatinate
by
Bavaria
and
the
Spaniards
;
Bucquoi
killed
;
Mansfield
proscribed
;
Westphalia
,
Pederborn
,
and
Strasburg
wasted
by
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
,
who
loseth
an
arm
in
battel
;
Manheim
and
Heidelberg
taken
;
Bavaria
made
Elector
;
Gabor
invadeth
Austria
;
Brunswick
beaten
by
Tilly
;
Frankendale
submitteth
;
Saxon-Wymar
and
Anhalt
made
friends
with
the
Emperor
;
Tilly
spoileth
Brunswick
;
Mansfield
defeated
;
the
Boors
of
Austria
rebell
;
the
Imperialists
take
many
places
;
A
Church
and
Monastery
neer
Prague
begun
by
the
Emperor
;
the
Palsgraves
eldest
son
drowned
.
In
France
,
the
King
takes
many
Towns
from
the
Protestants
,
and
makes
war
for
the
Valtoline
;
250
houses
burnt
in
Paris
;
Soubize
defeated
at
sea
by
Montmorency
;
Vendosme
and
the
Great
Prior
of
France
,
(
Henry
4.
his
bastards
)
are
imprisoned
;
Forts
built
by
the
King
against
Rochel
;
the
Isle
of
Ree
lost
,
and
regained
;
Nevers
claimeth
the
Dutchy
of
Mantua
,
he
is
assisted
by
the
French
against
the
Spaniard
;
the
King
takes
Rochel
,
and
sends
his
Army
for
Mantua
.
In
Spain
,
Philip
4.
reigneth
:
Troubles
in
Mexico
setled
;
Brasil
recovered
by
the
Spaniard
from
the
Hollander
:
the
Tartars
do
much
hurt
in
Podolia
:
the
Swedes
beat
the
Polanders
in
Livonia
,
but
the
Polanders
defeat
the
Tartars
in
Borussia
;
peace
between
Poland
and
Swethland
:
much
of
Hungary
subdued
by
Gabor
;
he
disclaimeth
it
,
and
makes
peace
:
The
Cossacks
take
Newstadt
:
Buda
almost
burnt
to
the
ground
:
Ferdinand
3.
the
Emperors
son
,
crowned
King
of
Hungary
:
Bergen
in
Norway
almost
consumed
with
fire
.
The
King
of
Denmark
is
Generall
of
the
united
Princes
against
the
Emperor
;
he
is
endangered
by
a
fall
from
his
horse
;
he
defeateth
,
and
is
defeated
.
Iutland
and
most
of
Holst
subdued
by
the
Duke
of
Fridland
;
Strals●…nd
besieged
by
the
Caesarians
;
Newstadt
attempted
in
vain
by
the
Danes
;
Livonia
and
Curland
submit
to
the
Swede
;
the
King
of
Swedes
takes
divers
Towns
;
Swedeland
setled
on
the
Kings
Daughter
;
he
takes
Strasburg
,
and
besiegeth
Thorn
,
and
makes
peace
with
Poland
.
In
Bohemia
,
the
Jesuites
are
restored
;
many
of
the
Lords
executed
.
Silesia
submits
to
the
Emperor
;
Ferdinand
3.
is
crowned
King
of
Bohemia
;
The
Nobility
commanded
to
forsake
Religion
,
by
a
certain
day
.
The
Venetians
make
a
League
offensive
and
defensive
with
the
Turks
.
The
Spaniards
besiege
Sluce
and
Bergen
.
Breda
taken
,
and
divers
other
Towns
:
the
Dunkirkers
take
many
Holland
and
English
ships
;
the
Hollanders
take
Hertogenbush
;
Bernevets
sons
in
Holland
degraded
;
Grotius
escapeth
in
a
Trunk
;
Bergen
relieved
;
Antwerp
attempted
by
Orange
in
vaine
;
Mansfield
taketh
Embden
.
Prince
Maurice
dieth
;
his
brother
Henric
succcedeth
.
Baiae
in
Brasil
lost
and
taken
.
In
Leyden
and
Amsterdam
,
a
sedition
by
the
Arminians
and
Calvinists
.
The
Hollanders
rob
the
Spaniards
in
America
,
and
take
divers
of
their
ships
.
Peace
between
England
and
France
:
The
Bishop
of
Spalato
returns
:
Prince
Charles
goeth
into
Spaine
:
Mansfield
commeth
into
England
.
King
Iames
dieth
;
His
sonne
Charles
succeedeth
:
An
Expedition
to
Cadiz
:
English
ships
arrested
in
France
:
The
Duke
of
Buckingham
murthered
:
peace
with
France
:
New-England
planted
.
In
the
Church
,
Gregory
15.
sits
2
years
.
To
him
succeeded
Urban
8.
The
Archbishop
of
Spalato's
Body
burnt
at
Rome
.
At
Tiran
in
the
Valtolin
,
the
Protestants
are
massacred
in
the
Church
;
they
are
banished
Bohemia
.
The
Jesuites
restored
to
Prague
;
The
Protestant-Church
there
given
to
the
Carmelites
.
The
Protestants
driven
out
of
Austria
,
and
the
Country
of
Henault
punished
for
receiving
them
.
Amsterdam
and
Leyden
persecute
the
Arminians
.
At
Vienna
is
instituted
the
Order
of
She-Jesuits
.
The
Protestants
banished
out
of
Iuliers
.
Heidelburg
and
Glogovia
become
Popish
.
In
the
East
,
the
Turks
defeat
the
Christian
Fleet
at
Neapolis
,
and
carry
away
800
captives
:
At
Babylon
they
are
beaten
by
the
Persians
,
but
shortly
after
recover
their
losses
:
Sias
Abas
the
Parthian
King
,
husband
to
800
wives
,
dieth
.
A
third
part
of
Constantinople
burnt
.
The
Turks
waste
Illyria
:
The
Beglerbeg
of
Greece
rebelleth
.
In
the
West
,
Hanovia
besieged
by
the
Caesarians
,
and
relieved
:
The
Swede
invadeth
the
Isle
Rugia
:
Magdeburg
besieged
:
The
Empresse
crowned
at
Ratisbone
:
Tilly
wastes
Thuringia
,
and
fights
the
Swedish
King
at
Lipsic
,
where
9000
Caesarians
were
slain
;
Tilly
being
wounded
,
flieth
to
Hall.
Frederick
loseth
Bohemia
.
Wolstein
Duke
of
Fridland
taketh
Prague
.
The
Swedes
march
into
Bavaria
.
Ratisbone
besieged
,
and
after
465
sallies
is
taken
by
Ferdinand
3.
At
the
Pacification
of
Prague
,
the
Saxon
,
Brandeburg
,
Luneburg
,
and
Vinarien
joyn
with
the
Emperor
.
Ferdinand
3.
chosen
King
of
the
Romans
,
and
the
yeare
following
Emperor
.
Ramsey
is
taken
by
Count
Nassau
.
At
Hanovia
divers
encounters
between
the
Imperialists
and
Swedes
,
and
divers
Towns
taken
by
both
parties
.
The
French
King
and
his
brother
the
Duke
of
Orleans
reconciled
.
A
League
between
France
and
Swethland
.
The
French
invade
the
Grisons
;
the
French
aid
the
States
:
France
is
invaded
;
the
Queen-mother
flieth
to
Amsterdam
.
Isabella
the
Infanta
dieth
at
Brussels
:
The
Spaniards
have
a
great
losse
in
America
:
Ferdinand
the
Cardinal
,
Infant
of
Spaine
,
prevailes
at
Norlingen
;
He
is
made
Governor
of
Brabant
.
The
Spaniards
beaten
by
the
Hollanders
.
The
French
cut
off
at
Fontaralie
.
The
Spanish
Fleet
on
the
English
shore
,
overthrown
by
the
Hollanders
.
Poland
makes
peace
with
the
Turk
:
in
the
kingdome
,
Ladislaus
4.
succeedeth
to
his
father
Sigismund
.
The
Polanders
and
Muscovit●…s
defeated
:
peace
between
Poland
and
Swethland
.
The
King
of
Poland
comes
to
Vienna
;
The
Queen
of
Swethland
comes
to
Frankfort
.
Wars
in
Hungary
.
The
Swedish
King
killed
,
having
left
one
Daughter
Christina
to
succeed
him
.
Spinola
the
Spanish
Generall
dieth
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
makes
an
Expedition
into
Flanders
.
Horn
takes
Colberg
;
and
the
Swedish
King
,
not
long
before
his
death
,
Francfort
upon
the
Oder
.
Tilly
,
after
many
Victories
,
dieth
at
Ingolstadt
.
Fridland
is
murthered
.
Germany
wasted
with
the
sword
,
plague
and
famine
.
The
Hollanders
take
some
places
in
Brasil
.
Skenk-Sconce
retaken
by
the
States
.
Breda
taken
by
Orange
.
The
Hollanders
beaten
neer
Antwerp
.
60000
destroyed
by
an
Earthquake
in
Calabria
.
At
Messina
,
300
perished
in
a
Church
overthrown
by
an
Earthquake
.
In
England
,
a
peace
is
made
with
Spain
:
King
Charles
sends
to
the
Emperor
for
restitution
of
the
Palatinate
:
Three
Nuncio's
sent
by
the
Pope
,
are
received
into
the
Queens
Court
honorably
.
The
English
Lyturgie
sent
into
Scotland
,
occasioned
much
mischiefe
:
The
Scots
Presbyterians
enter
into
a
Covenant
,
and
raise
Arms
:
Preparation
in
England
and
Ireland
against
them
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land.
In
the
Church
,
Pope
Urban
sitteth
yet
:
He
exhorteth
the
Christian
Princes
to
peace
,
and
falls
out
with
the
Venetians
about
their
dominion
in
the
Adriatick
sea
.
The
Jesuites
at
Vienna
keep
a
Jubile
.
In
Scotland
,
a
Synod
is
held
at
Glascow
.
At
Rome
,
such
a
Storm
brake
out
with
Darknesse
,
that
at
mid
day
they
were
forced
to
light
candles
.
Divers
meetings
and
Synods
held
this
Decad
in
Germany
among
the
Protestants
:
But
whilst
the
Princes
were
consulting
at
Lipsic
,
Magdeburg
is
taken
and
destroyed
by
Tilly.
AND
thus
(
Good
Reader
)
in
this
History
and
Chronologie
,
as
in
two
small
Maps
,
thou
mayest
behold
the
Microcosme
of
Mankinde
,
in
so
many
Hundred
years
,
acting
over
&
over
again
the
same
Tragi-Comedies
:
Thou
seest
new
Persons
and
Visards
,
but
the
same
Scene
,
and
the
same
Things
acted
:
Thou
mayest
behold
from
hence
,
as
Charon
did
from
the
top
of
Parnassus
in
Lucian
,
a
Clod
of
Earth
full
of
Bee-hives
,
an
Ant-hill
full
of
Emmets
,
or
a
Pool
full
of
Bubbles
,
some
bigger
,
some
lesser
,
puff'd
with
aire
,
and
tossed
up
and
down
with
winds
,
till
they
all
break
,
and
turn
into
their
original
Vapours
.
And
what
is
it
thou
seest
acted
here
?
Nothing
almost
but
Treacheries
,
Murthers
,
Incests
,
Adulteries
,
Thefts
,
Perjuries
,
Oppressions
,
Imprisonments
,
Cares
,
Watchings
,
Travellings
,
Underminings
of
one
another
;
Princes
tyrannizing
over
their
People
,
Subjects
rebelling
against
their
Princes
;
one
Prince
thrusting
out
another
,
and
People
quarrelling
one
with
another
:
Thou
seest
here
Perigrinations
,
Navigations
,
Toylings
,
Battels
,
Law-suits
,
and
a
thousand
such
Vexations
,
all
for
an
Handfull
of
Earth
:
In
a
word
;
we
see
here
innumerable
Nests
of
Wasps
and
Hornets
,
destroying
one
another
with
their
stings
.
And
what
is
the
cause
of
all
this
mischief
?
Truly
,
Pride
,
Ambition
,
Covetousnesse
,
Sacrilege
,
Tyrannie
,
Drunkennesse
,
Whoredoms
,
Whimsical
opinions
in
Religion
,
Self-love
,
every
one
thinking
his
own
dreams
to
be
oracles
,
and
his
conceited
fancies
to
be
Inspirations
;
And
above
all
things
,
Injustice
,
for
which
the
World
hath
suffered
so
many
changes
:
Iustice
is
the
Pillar
on
which
States
and
Kingdoms
stand
;
Remove
that
,
and
down
falls
the
Temple
of
all
Government
:
Iustice
is
the
Sun
that
illuminates
all
Societies
;
Extinguish
that
,
and
what
will
follow
but
storms
,
clouds
,
and
darknesse
?
Iustice
is
the
Band
that
ties
People
to
their
Governours
,
and
every
man
to
another
;
when
this
Band
is
broken
,
nothing
follows
but
Confusion
:
Iustice
is
the
Life
of
all
States
and
Dominions
,
which
live
no
longer
then
they
are
just
;
Nothing
discriminates
Kingdomes
and
States
from
Conventicles
of
Thieves
and
Robbers
,
but
Iustice
;
Remota
Justicia
,
quid
aliud
sunt
Regna
quàm
magna
Latrocinia
?
Lastly
,
In
this
Chronologie
,
a●…
in
an
Epitomie
,
you
shall
see
all
the
Heretical
Opinions
which
have
been
spued
o●…
in
so
many
Ages
,
now
greedily
lick'd
up
by
the
Fanatical
spirits
of
this
Age.
GOD
open
our
eyes
,
that
we
may
at
length
see
the
Truth
,
and
may
with
one
heart
and
one
mind
embrace
it
;
and
that
the
Spirit
of
Truth
,
which
our
blessed
Saviour
promised
to
his
Church
,
may
lead
us
into
all
Truth
.
Amen
.