CHAP.
XI
.
An
Account
of
the
Norman
Original
,
How
they
came
to
be
called
Normans
;
With
a
Description
of
the
Dutchey
of
Normandy
,
&c.
BEfore
I
enter
upon
the
particulars
of
the
Reign
of
William
the
First
,
stiled
the
Conquerer
;
I
shall
take
the
Method
observed
upon
other
Turns
and
Changes
of
Government
,
viz.
To
give
some
Account
of
these
New
Invaders
,
who
at
last
laid
claim
to
England
by
Conquest
.
These
Normans
,
so
called
from
the
Northern
Climes
which
first
produced
them
,
were
composed
of
Norwegians
,
Swedes
,
and
Danes
;
who
finding
their
Country
too
straight
for
them
,
betook
them
to
the
Seas
to
seek
their
Fortunes
,
and
practiced
Piracies
upon
the
Coasts
of
Belgia
,
Frizia
,
and
England
;
on
the
latter
of
which
they
Landed
under
the
Leading
of
Rollo
their
Duke
,
and
became
very
troublesom
to
the
English
Saxons
,
between
whom
there
was
great
Wars
:
Till
at
last
Rollo
Dreaming
He
sat
on
the
highest
Hill
in
France
,
and
a
pleasant
Spring
Issued
out
of
a
Rock
on
which
he
laid
his
Head
,
running
down
in
many
Streams
,
to
which
flocked
a
number
of
Birds
with
Red
Brests
,
to
Drink
the
Water
,
and
then
flew
to
fragrant
Groves
,
where
they
Sung
so
Melodiously
that
he
was
Ravished
with
their
Notes
,
and
beneath
this
Hill
he
fancied
there
lay
so
pleasant
a
Country
,
that
the
like
he
had
never
beheld
in
his
Life
.
When
Waking
much
pleased
with
his
Dream
,
he
sent
for
a
Monk
of
Crowland
,
accounted
a
great
Diviner
,
telling
him
his
Dream
,
and
demanding
the
Interpretation
of
it
;
who
willing
(
for
his
Countrys
sake
)
to
be
rid
of
such
troublesom
Guests
,
told
him
at
an
adventure
,
as
is
supposed
,
That
the
Fates
had
Decreed
him
to
settle
his
Dominions
in
one
of
the
most
pleasant
Countries
of
France
.
Which
he
gave
creadit
to
,
and
perceiving
England
much
wasted
and
impoverished
by
a
tedious
War
and
a
Famine
that
then
raged
,
having
exacted
some
Aides
and
Supplies
of
Money
,
he
Transported
his
Forces
over
the
Narrow
Sea
,
and
Warred
five
Years
with
such
Fury
on
the
French
,
that
fearing
to
lose
all
,
Charles
their
King
(
Sirnamed
the
Simple
)
gave
him
his
Daughter
Gilla
in
Marriage
;
and
as
her
Dowry
the
Peaceable
Possession
of
what
they
had
already
gained
by
the
Sword
,
which
being
modeled
into
a
Dutchy
,
they
called
Normandy
,
which
Name
(
through
all
the
changes
of
that
Kingdom
)
it
bears
to
this
day
.
This
Rollo
was
great
Grandfather
to
Richard
the
Fifth
Duke
of
Normandy
,
Elder
Brother
to
Robert
,
Father
to
William
the
Conquerer
.
As
for
a
Brief
Description
of
the
Dukedom
of
Normandy
,
once
a
Patrimonial
Inheritance
of
the
Kings
of
England
,
and
to
which
they
now
have
a
Right
.
It
is
Bounded
on
the
East
with
the
Isles
of
France
,
at
the
River
Epta
,
which
passes
by
the
City
of
Gisors
;
on
the
West
,
with
Britany
,
the
Antient
Armorica
,
and
a
Collony
of
the
Britains
,
from
which
it
is
separated
by
the
River
Crenon
;
Northward
by
the
Sea
;
on
the
South
,
with
the
Country
of
Mayne
;
and
is
divided
by
the
River
Seine
:
Abundantly
Rich
in
Merchandize
through
the
commodiousness
of
its
Havens
and
Rivers
.
The
People
are
the
most
Subtil
,
Apt
,
and
Ingenious
,
of
all
the
French
Provinces
;
yet
Affable
,
Curteous
and
greatly
enclined
to
Learning
:
Their
Manufacture
consisting
most
in
Wooll
and
Linnen
Cloth
,
the
Country
producing
no
Vines
capable
of
making
good
Wine
,
unless
about
Caen
,
a
very
pleasant
City
.
The
chief
City
is
Roan
,
very
famous
for
many
Sieges
,
as
in
the
Series
of
History
will
appear
;
having
an
Arch
Bishop
,
whose
Jurisdiction
extendeth
to
the
River
Oyse
;
and
a
Parliament
(
till
of
late
,
that
the
French
King
has
assumed
such
a
Despotick
Power
,
and
much
lessened
its
Authority
)
was
usually
held
here
for
the
consulting
the
good
of
the
Province
.
The
other
Cities
of
note
are
Auranche
,
Argences
,
Alancon
,
Falaise
,
Fecham
,
Newhaven
,
or
Haver-de-Grace
,
St.
Valery
,
Sileaux
,
Constance
,
Manta
,
St.
Michale
,
and
divers
Walled
Towns
,
to
the
number
of
Eighty
.
So
that
when
the
French
(
by
reason
of
our
Civil
Dissentions
)
wrested
it
from
us
,
they
plucked
one
of
the
fairest
Jewells
out
of
the
English
Diadem
;
which
in
time
we
may
yet
hope
to
regain
;
especially
under
the
Auspicious
Reign
of
WILLIAM
the
Third
,
our
present
Heroick
and
Victorious
King
.
The
Reign
of
WILLIAM
the
First
,
Sirnamed
the
Conquerer
.
AFter
the
Victory
obtained
at
Battel-Field
by
the
Normans
over
the
English
,
and
King
Harrold
Slain
,
as
has
been
mentioned
in
the
former
Chapter
,
Duke
William
designed
for
London
,
yet
taking
a
great
compass
,
wasting
as
he
Marched
the
Counties
of
Sussex
,
Kent
,
Surry
,
Hampshire
,
and
Barkshire
;
by
whose
Spoiles
he
Inriched
his
Normans
.
Then
crossing
the
Thames
at
Wallingford
,
and
so
in
the
like
manner
the
Counties
of
Oxford
,
Buckingham
,
&c.
At
Burhamsted
he
made
a
stop
;
as
being
assured
by
this
time
,
the
English
Forces
were
dispersed
,
and
in
no
condition
to
oppose
him
;
and
hither
repaired
Aldred
Arch
Bishop
of
York
,
Wolstan
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
Walter
Bishop
of
Hereford
,
The
Earls
Edwin
and
Morcar
,
with
Edgar
Etheling
the
True
Heir
to
the
Crown
,
paying
Homage
and
Allegiance
to
him
,
and
entreating
him
(
seeing
it
was
not
in
their
power
to
prevent
it
)
That
he
would
take
upon
him
the
Administration
of
the
Government
,
and
be
Gracious
in
his
Clemency
to
the
People
of
England
.
And
so
passing
to
London
,
he
was
on
Christmas-Day
,
Anno
Dom.
1066
Crowned
at
Westminster
by
Aldred
Arch-Bishop
of
York
.
Being
thus
settled
in
the
Throne
by
the
Fortune
of
a
Battel
,
he
studied
how
to
secure
the
Realm
more
firmly
to
him
,
as
knowing
the
English
submitted
not
out
of
any
hearty
good
will
;
whereupon
he
Fortified
the
Cinque-Ports
,
laying
his
claim
to
the
Kingdom
by
Right
of
Conquest
,
as
having
indeed
no
other
reasonable
one
to
Pretend
to
.
And
to
secure
it
,
he
used
the
following
Policy
.
1.
He
seized
the
chief
Offices
both
of
Honour
and
Profit
,
and
conferred
them
on
his
Normans
;
and
as
a
Recompence
to
such
others
as
had
Aided
him
in
the
War
.
2.
He
made
the
Natives
give
Hostages
of
the
best
and
dearest
esteem
,
to
secure
their
Fidelities
,
especially
such
as
were
either
Honourable
or
Potent
.
3.
To
lessen
the
Authority
of
the
Clergy
among
the
People
,
he
barred
them
of
all
Temporal
Command
or
Jurisdiction
.
4.
He
caused
the
Natives
to
be
Disarmed
to
prevent
Insurrections
.
5.
He
debared
them
from
frequent
and
common
Meetings
,
especially
in
the
Night
,
to
prevent
their
confering
and
Conspiring
against
him
for
the
Recovery
of
their
common
Liberty
,
causing
a
Bell
to
be
Rung
in
every
City
,
Town
,
and
Village
,
at
Eight
in
the
Evening
,
whereupon
all
Englishmen
were
enjoyned
to
put
out
their
Fire
and
Candle
,
and
keep
within
their
Houses
,
under
great
Penalties
;
and
this
was
and
is
yet
called
Cover
le
Feu
,
the
raking
up
or
out
of
the
Fire
.
6.
To
lessen
the
Nobility
,
he
sent
them
to
his
Wars
beyond
the
Seas
,
not
to
return
without
orders
;
and
little
or
no
Praise
or
Reward
was
given
them
,
though
they
Valiantly
behaved
themselves
.
The
like
he
did
with
the
Meaner
Sort
whom
he
found
any
ways
Active
,
compelling
them
from
their
Wives
and
Children
to
Fight
Abroad
,
whilst
they
Languished
at
Home
for
Food
,
and
found
little
support
.
7.
As
a
strong
curb
,
he
erected
Forts
and
Castles
in
sundry
places
,
putting
Normans
as
Commanders
into
them
;
who
grievously
Oppressed
the
People
;
yet
they
durst
not
openly
repine
against
it
,
because
they
found
there
was
no
Redress
to
be
had
from
the
King
,
but
their
Complaints
were
charged
upon
them
as
Mutinies
,
and
many
Punished
who
privately
Murmured
at
their
hard
Usage
;
and
finding
the
Clergy
were
the
Richest
,
he
fell
upon
them
first
,
taking
away
the
Plate
and
Ornaments
that
had
been
Consecrated
to
Holy
Vses
;
Alledging
That
Thieves
,
Traitors
,
and
Rebels
had
Lodged
them
under
their
Protection
,
to
defraud
him
of
his
Forfeitures
,
and
secretly
to
support
themselves
,
to
raise
a
Rebellion
when
they
saw
fit
opportunity
.
8.
He
caused
Laws
to
be
made
in
the
Norman
Language
,
whereupon
(
though
Ignorant
of
them
)
many
Transgressed
,
who
were
for
the
smallest
Offence
Imprisoned
,
and
forced
to
redeem
themselves
to
their
undoing
;
Disallowing
the
Patents
and
Grants
of
former
Kings
,
and
publishing
them
to
be
meerly
void
;
so
that
by
this
he
raised
great
sums
for
Renewing
them
;
and
those
that
could
not
raise
Money
,
the
Normans
and
other
Strangers
had
their
Honours
,
Trusts
,
and
Estates
,
(
held
in
Fee
of
the
Crown
)
bestowed
on
them
.
9.
He
caused
all
the
Lands
to
be
viewed
,
Measured
,
and
Taxed
at
an
unusual
value
;
by
which
means
he
got
great
Wealth
;
but
Impoverished
the
People
,
as
was
chiefly
intended
by
it
.
10.
He
Erected
many
Courts
of
Judicature
for
puting
in
execution
his
New
Laws
,
and
ordered
his
Judges
to
follow
his
Court
upon
his
Removes
;
by
which
means
he
tired
out
the
English
Nation
with
Extraordinary
Troubles
and
Excessive
Charges
in
the
prosecution
of
their
Suits
.
And
to
make
an
easie
way
for
more
French
and
Normans
to
come
over
,
if
the
English
should
happen
to
Rebel
,
he
layed
the
Churches
,
Towns
,
nnd
Villages
next
to
the
Sea
Coast
in
Hampshire
waste
,
for
Sixty
Miles
in
circumferance
,
under
pretence
of
making
a
New
Forrest
for
his
Pleasure
in
Hunting
,
where
(
as
a
Judgment
for
those
Dilapidations
,
and
ruining
so
many
Families
)
William
Rufus
,
his
Son
and
Successor
,
was
slain
,
as
in
his
Reign
will
more
at
large
appear
.
He
Seized
likwise
all
the
Forrests
and
Chaces
of
England
into
his
hands
,
and
made
severe
Laws
against
those
that
should
kill
or
disturbe
his
Game
.
Punishing
them
with
the
loss
of
Eyes
,
Limbs
,
and
the
like
.
11.
He
gave
Territories
and
spacious
Field
to
his
Favorites
,
who
divided
them
into
Farms
,
for
their
particular
use
,
and
the
residue
they
Leased
at
Yearly
Rents
to
their
Servants
,
thereby
creating
Mannors
and
entituling
themselves
the
Lords
of
them
.
He
divided
the
Lands
into
Hydes
,
every
Hyde
containing
20
Acres
,
Eight
of
which
was
a
Knights
Fee
,
the
Tenures
which
he
reserved
were
Knights
Service
in
Capite
;
and
those
that
so
held
,
were
enjoyned
to
do
him
Service
in
his
Wars
;
or
to
his
Person
,
when
required
,
for
the
performance
of
which
,
he
took
Oaths
of
them
in
Publick
Courts
;
and
by
reason
hereof
,
he
disposed
of
the
Bodies
of
the
Heirs
in
Marriage
,
as
he
listed
,
retained
in
his
Custody
and
Wardship
,
and
converted
to
his
own
use
their
whole
Inheritance
,
till
they
accomplished
the
Age
of
21
Years
;
and
by
his
Example
others
of
great
Possessions
did
the
like
;
which
has
in
some
cases
given
a
bad
Example
to
this
day
.
Thus
have
I
shewed
you
(
as
in
a
Map
)
the
Model
or
Description
of
a
rigorous
and
sharp
Government
under
a
Conquering
Power
;
to
which
low
Ebb
of
Misfortunes
,
it
ought
to
be
every
Good
Mans
Wish
and
Prayer
,
this
flourishing
Kingdom
may
never
sink
again
.
—
But
to
proceed
The
Conquerer
thinking
now
he
had
shackled
all
secure
,
undertook
a
Progress
to
view
Dover
,
to
give
orders
for
Repairing
the
Castle
,
and
Strengthen
more
than
ever
the
Sea
Coast
,
to
prevent
Invasions
from
the
Low
Countries
,
whither
many
of
the
English
Nobility
were
fled
;
and
having
but
a
small
number
with
him
for
his
Guard
,
coming
near
Canterbury
,
he
was
all
on
a
suddain
Surprized
by
(
as
he
thought
)
a
Walking
Wood
:
For
the
Kentishmen
having
notice
of
his
coming
,
at
the
perswasion
of
Stigand
Arch Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
(
a
second
Judas
Maccabeus
for
his
Countries
wellfare
)
and
Eglesine
Abbot
of
St
,
Austines
,
had
as
secretly
as
they
could
,
made
them
Weapons
,
and
lay
in
Ambush
for
him
;
which
he
no
sooner
entered
,
but
every
one
cut
down
a
Bough
to
shelter
him
from
present
discovery
,
burst
out
of
the
Woods
on
either
side
the
straight
he
was
passing
,
and
surrounded
his
small
Train
;
but
whilst
the
King
was
in
suspence
what
this
unusual
thing
might
signifie
,
they
all
at
once
threw
down
their
Boughs
and
stood
ready
prepared
with
their
Bows
,
Arrows
,
and
such
other
Weapons
as
they
had
for
the
Encounter
;
whereupon
the
Arch
Bishop
advancing
towards
the
Conquerer
said
,
Behold
,
most
noble
King
,
the
Commons
of
Kent
Assembled
to
demand
a
Confirmation
of
their
Antient
Rights
,
Laws
,
and
Liberties
;
the
which
if
you
will
Grant
them
,
they
are
willing
to
Submit
,
and
become
your
Obedient
Subjects
;
otherwise
,
in
defence
of
them
,
they
are
resolved
to
venture
their
dearest
Blood
,
and
presently
to
give
you
Battel
.
This
unexpected
Adventure
startled
the
King
,
that
notwithstanding
his
great
Courage
,
a
surprising
fear
seemed
visible
in
his
Countenance
;
so
that
pausing
a
while
,
he
thought
it
more
prudent
to
yield
to
Necessity
than
hazard
(
after
so
much
expence
of
Blood
and
Treasure
)
his
Life
and
Kingdom
on
an
uncertain
Chance
and
Nicety
:
Whereupon
he
signed
their
demands
presented
in
Writing
,
and
gave
them
a
Solemn
Promise
to
Confirm
it
to
them
in
a
Legal
manner
;
whereupon
they
threw
down
their
Arms
,
and
Shouted
for
Joy
;
so
that
from
his
Reign
to
this
day
,
that
County
Enjoys
the
Priviledges
they
held
in
Edward
the
Confessors
time
,
exempted
from
other
Counties
,
as
also
those
in
preceding
Reigns
.
After
this
,
perceiving
the
Spirits
of
the
English
were
not
so
easily
brought
under
as
he
supposed
,
and
hearing
that
Swain
King
of
Denmark
was
preparing
for
an
Invasion
at
the
Instigation
of
Goodwin
and
Edmund
,
two
of
King
Harrolds
Sons
,
he
began
to
relax
in
his
severity
;
and
to
make
fair
with
the
City
of
London
,
Granted
them
this
short
Charter
,
viz.
I
William
King
,
Greet
William
Bishop
,
and
Godfrey
Porters
and
all
the
Burgesses
within
London
,
French
and
English
,
and
I
Grant
you
that
I
Will
that
you
Maintain
and
Enjoy
all
your
Laws
as
you
did
in
the
days
of
King
Edward
(
meaning
the
Confessor
)
and
I
will
that
each
Child
be
his
Fathers
Heir
;
and
further
I
will
that
no
Man
Wrong
you
,
and
so
God
keep
you
.
However
the
Danes
Landed
a
strong
Army
in
the
North
,
where
they
were
Joyned
by
many
English
,
in
hopes
thereby
to
regain
their
Liberties
;
but
the
King
hasting
thither
,
drove
them
to
their
Ships
with
great
slaughter
;
and
to
revenge
him
on
those
that
had
joyned
with
them
,
he
wasted
the
Country
from
York
to
Durham
;
so
that
for
Nine
Years
the
Ground
lay
waste
,
which
occasioning
a
Famine
,
numbers
of
People
Dyed
.
After
this
he
Summoned
a
Convocation
of
the
Clergy
,
charging
them
with
many
faults
and
failures
in
their
Functions
,
and
Duty
towards
him
,
for
which
he
Deposed
and
Deprived
divers
Learned
and
Godly
Men
of
their
Dignities
,
Living
and
Substance
:
The
two
former
he
bestowed
on
such
as
bid
most
for
them
,
and
the
latter
he
kept
to
Maintain
his
Wars
in
Normandy
,
where
Troubles
were
arisen
in
his
Absence
;
the
French
labouring
to
recover
it
,
as
part
of
their
Antient
Territories
.
But
scarce
had
he
Expelled
them
ere
hasty
News
recalled
him
,
viz.
The
Earls
Edwin
and
Morcar
had
set
up
Edgar
Etheling
,
and
raised
great
Forces
;
which
were
so
Formidable
to
the
Conquerer
,
by
reason
the
English
were
generally
enclined
to
favour
the
Young
Prince
,
than
he
found
himself
constrained
to
end
the
Difference
by
fair
means
;
and
to
make
the
common
sort
more
ready
to
embrace
it
,
he
Swore
to
keep
Inviolable
the
Antient
Laws
of
the
Land
,
particularly
those
of
Edward
the
Confessor
;
but
not
long
after
he
took
from
the
Abby
of
St.
Albans
all
the
Lands
between
Barnet
and
London-Stone
.
And
to
Strengthen
himself
he
made
a
League
with
Malcolm
King
of
Scots
,
who
had
often
publickly
,
or
underhand
,
made
Incursions
,
or
raised
Commotions
in
the
Northern
parts
of
the
Kingdom
.
And
the
Bounds
of
the
Country
were
ascertained
by
rearing
a
Stone
Cross
,
called
by
the
Scots
Stain
Moor
,
in
Westmorland
;
but
by
the
English
Roy
Cross
,
or
Kings
Cross
,
and
soon
after
the
King
Sailed
again
for
Normandy
;
and
quelled
the
Rebellious
Normans
that
were
joyned
with
the
French
against
him
,
and
so
returned
with
Victory
(
but
his
Treasure
being
Exhausted
)
he
to
recruit
it
,
Sold
to
Walcher
Bishop
of
Durham
the
Earldom
of
Northumberland
;
but
he
Enjoyed
it
not
long
,
for
Oppressing
the
People
to
raise
the
Money
he
had
disbursed
,
they
rose
in
a
Tumultuous
manner
and
slew
him
,
Anno
1075
;
and
the
ensuing
Year
a
Frost
continued
without
Intermission
,
from
the
12th
of
November
to
the
15th
of
April
,
so
that
the
Wild
Fowl
were
most
destroyed
,
and
many
Cattle
perished
for
want
of
Food
:
A
Blazing
Star
soon
after
appeared
,
whereupon
great
contentions
ensued
in
Normandy
;
for
Robert
the
Kings
Son
,
having
Ingratiated
himself
into
the
Favour
of
the
People
,
raised
great
Forces
and
in
a
set
Battel
Wounded
his
Father
in
the
Arm
,
threw
him
from
his
Horse
,
and
took
it
as
his
Prize
,
gaining
an
intire
Victory
,
in
which
many
of
the
English
Nobles
lost
their
Lives
:
Whereupon
the
King
finding
his
Army
much
weakened
,
was
constrained
to
return
for
England
,
and
finding
the
City
of
London
did
not
much
favour
him
after
this
Defeat
,
to
lay
a
curb
and
awe
on
them
,
he
rebuilt
the
Tower
of
London
,
drawing
a
Ditch
about
it
to
the
largness
as
it
continues
to
this
day
,
it
being
before
but
of
inconsiderable
Strength
,
viz.
Anno
Dom.
1078
;
and
so
a
Peace
in
a
short
time
being
concluded
between
him
and
his
Son
Robert
,
the
latter
being
allowed
the
nominal
Title
of
Duke
of
Normandy
,
and
entirely
to
possess
it
as
a
Soveraign
Prince
after
his
Fathers
Death
,
he
came
into
England
,
and
was
made
General
against
the
Scots
,
who
breaking
the
League
wasted
the
Northern
Countries
as
far
as
the
place
then
called
Moonkchester
to
whom
he
gave
an
entire
Defeat
,
and
in
memory
of
the
Victory
erected
a
strong
Castle
of
Stone
,
Naming
it
New-Castle
,
from
which
the
Town
,
so
called
,
on
Tine
,
took
its
Name
.
Not
long
after
this
such
mighty
Rains
happened
,
and
continued
for
so
long
a
time
,
that
divers
Hills
were
so
softened
into
a
Quagmire
,
that
they
sunk
down
and
overthrew
many
Cots
and
some
Villages
,
making
as
it
were
a
Level
.
St.
Paul's
Church
was
likewise
set
on
Fire
in
June
following
;
supposed
to
be
done
by
Lightning
,
and
a
great
part
of
it
consumed
,
but
soon
Rebuilded
by
the
Liberal
Contributions
of
the
Clergy
and
Laity
.
He
held
a
Synod
in
London
,
where
some
Bishopricks
were
Translated
from
one
place
to
another
;
as
Selwy
to
Chichester
,
Credington
to
Exeter
,
Shirbourn
to
Salisbury
,
Dorchester
unto
Lincoln
;
and
there
being
a
Contention
between
the
two
Arch
Bishops
of
Canterbury
and
York
for
Primacy
,
he
undertook
to
determine
the
difference
,
appointing
Lanfrank
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
Primate
of
all
England
;
and
Thomas
Arch
Bishop
of
York
,
only
Primate
of
England
;
so
that
he
and
his
Successors
became
subordinate
to
the
Archiepiscopal
See
of
Canterbury
.
Philip
King
of
France
,
taking
advantage
of
the
Kings
Absence
from
Normandy
,
encouraged
Robert
to
make
himself
Absolute
Duke
,
assisting
him
with
Men
and
Money
;
whereupon
the
King
was
again
constrained
to
pass
the
Seas
with
a
puissant
Army
,
being
over-eager
in
laying
waste
the
Country
;
and
harassing
himself
in
War
,
being
over-heated
,
he
fell
Sick
,
and
hearing
that
the
French
King
should
say
in
a
Scoffing
manner
,
He
lay
a
long
time
in
Child-Bed
;
he
Replied
in
a
rage
,
That
at
his
Vprising
or
Churching
,
he
would
Light
so
many
Candles
in
France
,
as
should
Inflame
the
whole
Country
:
And
indeed
he
made
his
words
good
,
for
upon
his
recovery
,
inraged
that
his
Enemies
had
in
his
Sickness
taken
the
advantage
to
waste
his
Territories
,
he
spoiled
all
the
West
parts
of
France
,
Firing
the
City
of
Nantz
,
Meux
,
and
a
great
number
of
Towns
and
Villages
,
Inriching
with
part
of
the
Spoil
the
Church
of
St.
Stephen's
in
Normandy
,
which
was
of
his
own
Founding
;
moreover
bequeathing
in
his
last
Will
his
Crown
and
Regal
Ornaments
to
it
,
appointing
his
Body
(
when
he
Dyed
)
to
be
Buryed
therein
.
And
for
the
Service
done
in
this
War
,
he
requited
many
of
his
Commanders
,
who
had
signalized
their
Vallour
,
with
possessions
in
England
,
to
hold
them
of
the
Crown
;
one
of
which
Grants
for
the
Antiquity
and
plain
manner
of
Conveyance
,
exempted
from
the
tediousness
now
in
use
,
I
think
not
amiss
to
recite
,
viz.
I
William
give
to
thee
Norman
Hunter
here
,
Who
art
to
me
both
Leef
and
Dear
,
The
Hop
and
the
Hoptown
,
And
all
the
Bounds
up
and
down
Vnder
the
Earth
to
Hell
,
and
even
Above
the
Earth
to
Heaven
;
From
me
and
mine
,
To
thee
and
thine
,
As
good
and
faire
As
ever
they
were
,
To
Witness
that
this
is
Sooth
I
bite
the
White
Wax
with
my
Tooth
.
Before
Jug
,
Maud
,
and
Margery
,
And
my
Young
Son
Henry
.
For
a
Bow
and
a
broad
Arrow
,
When
I
come
to
Hunt
upon
Yarrow
.
In
the
last
Year
of
this
Kings
Reign
,
there
was
found
in
the
Province
called
Rose
in
Wales
,
a
Sepulcher
of
14
Foot
Long
,
in
which
was
Buried
,
with
much
Treasure
,
as
the
Custom
of
the
Times
then
were
,
Gawen
one
of
King
Arthurs
Knights
of
his
Round
Table
,
and
Bones
therein
of
an
exceeding
bigness
.
And
now
,
as
all
Kings
must
come
at
last
to
the
Grave
,
the
Life
of
this
Restless
Conquerer
grew
to
a
Period
;
for
going
over
to
Quiet
new
Troubles
in
Normandy
,
he
had
scarcely
Accomplished
it
before
he
fell
Sick
of
a
Malignant
Feaver
at
Caen
in
Normandy
,
and
after
some
Languishings
Dyed
;
and
being
a
corpulent
Man
,
his
Belly
in
a
little
time
Burst
,
and
the
Stench
being
great
,
none
but
a
few
poor
Monks
would
come
near
him
;
nor
was
this
all
;
one
Ascalinus
Fitz
Arthur
,
a
Norman
Gentleman
,
denyed
him
Burial
in
St.
Stephen's
Church
,
saying
,
He
had
Founded
it
on
his
Inheritance
violently
taken
away
,
that
it
stood
upon
the
Floor
of
his
Fathers
House
,
and
the
Body
of
no
Despoiler
should
be
covered
in
his
Earth
;
however
Henry
his
Fourth
Son
,
giving
a
Hundred
Pound
Weight
in
Silver
as
a
recompence
,
he
was
there
Interred
,
but
with
little
or
no
Ceremony
;
so
that
he
who
in
his
Life
time
made
Nations
Tremble
,
being
Dead
,
was
little
or
nothing
regarded
.
This
William
the
First
,
was
Son
to
Robert
the
Sixth
Duke
of
Normandy
,
begotten
as
is
said
,
on
a
Beautiful
Damsel
named
Arlet
,
the
Daughter
of
a
Tanner
,
in
Honour
of
whom
a
Town
is
called
by
her
Name
.
He
began
his
Reign
over
England
Anno
Dom.
1066
,
on
Saturday
the
Fourteenth
of
October
,
and
Reigned
Twenty
Years
,
Ten
Months
and
Twenty
Six
Days
,
being
the
21
Sole
Monarch
of
England
.
Remarks
on
Lincolnshire
,
&c.
LIncolnshire
,
by
reason
of
its
Fens
,
and
other
Advantagious
Pastures
,
produces
great
numbers
of
small
and
large
Cattle
,
a
good
sprinkling
of
Corn
,
abundance
of
Fish
and
Wild-Fowl
,
much
Wooll
and
Leather
.
It
is
commodiously
on
the
East
Bounded
with
the
German
Ocean
and
part
of
Norfolk
,
so
that
by
reason
of
its
Havens
it
has
a
great
Trade
,
and
very
much
helped
on
the
North
by
being
Bounded
with
the
River
Humber
,
and
part
of
Yorkshire
;
on
the
West
with
Yorkshire
,
Notinghamshire
,
and
Leicestershire
;
on
the
South
,
with
Northamptonshire
and
Cambridgshire
.
It
is
divided
into
30
Hundreds
containing
one
City
,
a
Bishops
See
,
630
Parishes
,
33
Market
Towns
,
and
9
Rivers
:
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
12
,
viz.
Boston
2
,
Grantham
2
,
Grimesby
2
,
Lincoln
City
2
,
Stamford
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
Lincoln
was
Antiently
held
to
be
one
of
the
finest
Cities
of
England
,
being
of
great
Antiquity
,
and
made
by
King
Edward
the
Third
the
chief
Mart
for
Lead
,
Wooll
,
and
Leather
;
here
was
also
a
great
Battel
Fought
between
Randolph
Earl
of
Chester
,
Robert
Earl
of
Gloucester
,
and
King
Stephen
;
the
latter
being
Overthrown
and
taken
Prisoner
.
It
was
Besieged
by
King
Henry
the
Third
,
and
taken
from
the
Barrons
.
Wainfleet
was
the
Birth
Place
of
William
Sirnamed
thence
Wainfleet
,
who
Flourished
in
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
Sixth
,
being
Bishop
of
Winchester
;
He
Founded
here
a
Free-School
,
and
Magdalen
Colledge
in
Oxford
.
LINCOLNE
SHIRE
.
map of Lincolnshire
In
the
Fens
are
found
the
Ategen
or
Godwitt
,
also
a
foolish
Bird
called
a
Dottrell
,
which
Cambden
says
being
Hunted
thrusts
its
Head
into
a
Bush
,
and
then
thinks
all
is
secure
,
tho'
the
whole
Body
is
seen
,
and
so
in
Moulting
time
he
is
easily
taken
.
The
Reign
of
WILLIAM
the
Second
,
Sirnamed
Rufus
.
WHen
William
the
First
Dyed
,
his
Eldest
Son
Robert
was
in
Germany
,
Negotiating
his
Fathers
Affairs
,
to
draw
in
those
Princes
to
assist
him
in
making
a
Vigorous
War
on
the
French
,
who
were
now
become
somewhat
Formidable
to
their
Neighbours
;
so
that
by
the
favour
of
his
Absence
,
the
Conquerers
Last
Will
,
the
furtherance
of
Lanfrank
and
Wolstane
,
two
Learned
Prelates
who
had
great
Influence
over
the
Commons
,
and
divers
of
the
Nobles
,
William
Sirnamed
Rufus
,
from
the
Redness
of
his
Hair
or
Face
,
was
after
many
hot
debates
among
the
Nobles
,
Crowned
King
at
Westminster
,
by
Lanfrank
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
on
Sunday
the
26th
of
September
Anno
Dom.
1087.
This
William
was
Younger
Brother
to
Robert
,
but
being
of
a
milder
Temper
,
and
better
affected
to
the
English
,
by
reason
he
had
in
a
manner
been
bred
up
amongst
them
,
and
approved
by
them
,
Robert
found
himself
greatly
Agreived
that
he
had
been
put
beside
his
Right
in
England
,
tho'
the
Dutchy
of
Normandy
was
left
entirely
to
him
;
but
the
Title
of
Duke
not
agreeing
with
his
great
Spirit
,
when
he
perceived
he
might
have
been
a
King
had
not
loss
of
opportunity
barr'd
it
,
he
resolved
nevertheless
to
tempt
Fortune
in
a
tryal
for
the
regaining
what
was
overslipt
;
whereupon
he
raised
a
gallant
Army
,
composed
of
his
own
Subjects
and
Strangers
,
Landing
them
in
England
,
with
little
or
no
Resistance
,
not
doing
any
damage
to
the
English
;
but
being
Encamped
Commissioners
were
sent
by
King
William
to
treat
with
him
about
an
Accommodation
for
the
preventing
the
effusion
of
Blood
,
and
the
Miseries
such
a
War
was
likely
to
bring
on
both
Nations
,
for
being
thereby
weakened
,
they
might
easily
become
a
Prey
to
Forreign
Enemies
,
who
watched
for
such
an
opportunity
to
work
their
ends
,
both
on
Normandy
and
England
,
especially
the
Danes
and
French
.
To
these
and
other
Reasons
for
an
amicable
conclusion
of
the
Difference
,
the
Norman
Duke
harkened
with
much
mildness
,
so
that
in
a
short
time
it
was
agreed
that
Robert
after
Williams
Death
should
possess
the
Kingdom
;
and
to
the
end
his
Heirs
might
not
disturb
it
,
he
was
debarred
from
Marriage
,
as
I
find
it
in
some
Historians
;
however
,
certaine
it
is
,
he
left
no
Legitimate
Issue
behind
him
:
And
in
the
mean
time
he
was
Yearly
to
pay
the
sum
of
3000
Marks
.
And
the
Articles
being
Signed
,
the
Brothers
took
a
Friendly
leave
of
each
other
,
so
that
through
Providence
this
threatning
Storm
which
filled
England
with
many
doubts
and
fears
at
its
approach
,
blew
over
without
doing
any
harm
.
After
the
Duke
of
Normandy
had
repassed
the
Seas
with
his
Army
,
the
King
fearing
he
might
repent
him
of
what
he
had
Agree'd
to
,
strengthened
the
Sea
Ports
,
and
Built
some
Castles
advantagiously
on
the
Havens
to
prevent
Landing
by
surprize
;
but
knowing
his
prime
Strength
and
Assurance
was
in
the
Love
of
his
Subjects
,
he
began
to
caress
the
Nobles
more
than
he
had
done
,
and
remitted
to
the
Commons
several
grievous
Taxes
;
for
upon
his
coming
to
the
Crown
,
he
thought
treading
in
his
Fathers
steps
was
the
best
Measures
;
but
now
he
found
that
Mildness
rather
than
Rigor
was
the
surest
Policy
,
to
keep
the
Natives
of
this
Island
firm
to
his
Interest
;
whereupon
he
restored
much
that
had
been
Extorted
by
his
Rigorous
Ministers
;
and
the
better
to
curry
favour
with
the
People
,
caused
some
of
them
to
be
punished
for
the
offences
he
had
enjoyned
them
to
commit
.
About
this
time
Odo
Bishop
of
Bayon
,
the
Kings
Unkle
,
who
had
been
Banished
by
the
Conquerer
,
came
over
and
was
kindly
received
by
his
Nephew
,
who
Created
him
Earl
of
Kent
,
and
conferred
on
him
many
other
Honours
and
Trusts
,
which
made
the
old
Clergy-Man
presume
so
much
on
the
Kings
Favour
,
That
he
took
upon
him
more
Authority
to
Rule
than
came
to
his
share
by
many
degrees
;
whereupon
the
Nobles
made
grievous
complaints
,
That
a
Stranger
should
presume
to
Domineer
over
them
in
their
Native
Country
;
so
that
the
King
being
sensible
of
his
Arogancy
,
changed
his
Smiles
into
Frowns
,
which
caused
him
to
make
a
party
among
the
English
Normans
,
and
to
fall
into
open
Rebellion
;
Declaring
for
Duke
Robert
and
his
Right
,
who
underhand
had
promised
to
Land
some
Forces
,
but
did
not
.
This
Treachery
of
the
Normans
,
made
the
King
almost
totally
throw
himself
on
the
English
for
Safeguard
and
Protection
.
These
Fractions
and
Disorders
in
the
State
,
begat
new
conceits
in
Malcolm
King
of
Scots
,
who
resolving
to
take
the
advantage
of
them
,
hastily
raised
an
Army
and
Invaded
the
Northern
Marches
,
wasting
all
in
his
way
with
Fire
and
Sword
:
whereupon
the
King
Summoning
all
his
Courage
,
not
to
leave
an
Enemy
at
his
Back
,
first
fell
upon
the
Bishop
,
and
gave
him
and
his
Rebellious
Associates
a
terrible
Overthrow
;
and
in
the
Battel
the
Bishop
being
taken
Prisoner
,
he
was
compelled
to
Abjure
the
Land
.
This
happening
the
latter-end
of
the
Second
Year
of
the
Kings
Reign
,
the
Third
no
sooner
began
but
he
resolved
to
be
Revenged
on
the
Scots
,
who
had
broke
their
League
with
him
in
order
to
lay
hold
on
the
Advantages
Clandestine
Commotions
seemed
to
offer
them
,
and
finding
them
Plundering
and
Spoiling
his
Subjects
,
he
scarce
gave
them
time
to
Embattel
,
ere
like
a
Tempest
he
broke
in
amongst
them
,
destroying
the
greater
part
of
their
numerous
Army
,
in
which
fell
Twenty
of
their
Nobles
,
and
their
King
was
constrained
to
Acknowledg
Subjection
to
England
,
renew
his
League
upon
Oath
,
and
in
further
confirmation
of
his
Subjection
he
became
a
Pentioner
to
King
William
;
and
to
make
it
more
apparent
he
was
Tributary
to
England
,
payed
Twelve
Mark
Yearly
for
the
Twelve
Villages
the
King
restored
him
(
after
he
had
taken
them
from
him
in
this
War
)
which
he
had
held
in
the
Reign
of
William
the
Conquerer
;
and
to
Fortifie
against
the
Scots
Incursions
he
Rebuilded
and
Garisoned
the
City
of
Carlisle
in
Cumberland
,
it
having
been
demolished
by
the
Danes
about
200
Years
before
;
and
Lanfrank
Dying
at
a
great
Age
,
the
King
kept
the
profits
of
the
Arch
Bishoprick
in
his
hands
Four
Years
,
and
then
made
Anselm
,
a
Norman
Abbot
,
Arch
Bishop
,
which
much
displeased
the
English
Clergy
.
Not
long
after
this
,
Malcolm
King
of
Scots
coming
to
Gloucester
where
King
William
held
his
Court
,
being
denied
Access
,
and
unhandsomly
treated
by
some
Carpet-Courtiers
who
had
been
raised
from
a
low
degree
,
he
(
without
acquainting
the
King
with
it
,
or
demanding
satisfaction
for
the
Indignity
put
upon
him
)
flung
away
in
a
great
rage
;
and
arriving
in
Scotland
,
Assembled
the
Nobles
,
and
incited
them
to
bring
all
the
Forces
they
could
raise
to
his
Standard
,
which
they
punctually
obeyed
,
and
entering
England
with
a
huge
Army
,
he
wasted
all
before
him
as
far
as
Alnewick
,
which
he
Besieged
,
and
Took
it
;
but
the
strong
Castle
held
out
against
him
,
which
with
his
numbers
he
so
straightly
begirt
,
that
Famine
got
in
and
much
dismai'd
the
Besieged
;
whereupon
an
adventurous
Knight
,
with
a
Flag
of
Truce
in
his
Hand
,
and
the
Keys
of
the
Castle
on
his
Spear
,
came
out
at
the
Gate
Mounted
on
a
swift
Racer
,
and
making
low
obeysence
,
as
if
he
submitted
them
to
the
King
of
Scots
,
being
come
pretty
near
,
setting
Spurs
to
his
Horse
he
run
at
the
King
with
his
Spear
,
and
piercing
him
into
the
Eye
and
Brain
,
he
fell
Dead
to
the
Ground
,
and
the
Knight
by
the
swiftness
of
his
Horse
escaped
through
the
Scotish
Camp
;
at
which
the
Scots
were
so
dismai'd
,
That
they
raised
the
Siege
,
and
departed
with
the
Body
of
their
King
Mournfully
into
Scotland
.
For
this
daring
piece
of
Service
,
which
turned
so
much
to
the
advantage
of
William
,
The
Knight
had
his
Name
by
him
changed
from
Mabrey
to
Piercey
,
and
was
created
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
whose
Race
as
Earls
continued
till
of
very
late
days
,
as
will
appear
in
the
succeeding
Reigns
.
But
this
Success
prevented
not
a
Conspiracy
against
the
King
,
for
Robert
Mowbrey
and
William
of
Ancho
Plotted
to
take
away
his
Life
by
Treachery
,
and
Crown
Stephen
D'
Albemarle
his
Second
Sisters
Son
;
but
the
Design
being
Discovered
a
little
before
it
was
to
be
put
in
practice
by
one
of
the
Accomplices
in
the
Conspiracy
,
some
were
taken
and
Executed
,
others
Fled
.
And
now
the
Welsh
Rebelling
under
the
Leading
of
Rees
their
Prince
,
the
King
with
a
gallant
Army
entered
Wales
,
but
the
Rebells
shifting
from
one
steep
Mountain
to
another
,
as
well
knowing
the
ways
in
those
Fastnesses
,
and
climbing
the
craggy
Clifts
,
like
Goats
,
many
of
the
English
were
wasted
in
pursuing
them
;
but
at
length
Starving
them
out
,
they
were
constrained
to
come
to
a
Battel
,
wherein
Rees
was
Slain
with
most
of
his
Army
;
whereupon
Wales
entirely
submitted
to
the
English
Obedience
.
These
Troubles
were
scarce
over
,
when
another
Storm
threatned
from
Normandy
:
The
Duke
spurred
on
by
Philip
of
France
,
who
promised
to
Aid
him
,
a
second
time
prepared
for
England
;
but
the
King
having
an
Army
on
foot
,
concluded
it
better
to
seat
the
War
in
another
Country
than
in
his
own
;
and
therefore
to
prevent
the
Dukes
making
his
Voyage
,
Sailed
to
Normandy
,
whose
surprising
Landing
,
brought
great
fear
on
the
Country
;
however
,
the
King
finding
himself
able
with
the
Army
he
had
to
do
no
great
matters
,
and
being
destitute
of
Money
to
raise
Forces
Abroad
,
bethought
him
of
a
Stratagem
to
do
it
,
viz.
He
sent
to
England
many
chief
Officers
to
Levy
such
for
the
Wars
as
were
of
Ability
,
and
having
Listed
Citizens
of
London
and
others
to
the
number
of
30000
,
when
they
came
to
the
Sea
Shoar
,
and
most
of
them
shewed
an
unwillingness
to
Embark
,
as
looking
back
to
their
Wives
and
Children
,
from
which
many
of
them
had
been
forced
,
upon
a
pretended
pressing
urgency
,
it
was
Proclaimed
,
That
such
as
would
lay
down
Ten
Shillings
should
be
Discharged
from
the
Service
,
which
most
of
them
did
with
great
Alacrity
;
so
that
very
few
of
them
went
:
With
this
Money
King
William
underhand
bought
off
Philip
the
French
King
from
the
Duke
of
Normandy's
Interest
;
which
he
perceiving
,
agreed
with
his
Brother
by
Ratifying
again
the
former
Conditions
;
and
the
Christian
Armies
being
on
foot
in
most
parts
of
Europe
to
rescue
the
Christians
in
the
Holy
Land
from
the
Tyrany
of
the
Turks
and
Sarazens
,
Duke
Robert
(
to
raise
Forces
and
accompany
them
)
Pawned
his
Dutchey
of
Normandy
to
King
William
for
10000
Pounds
;
and
there
did
many
Valiant
Exploits
,
insomuch
that
at
the
taking
of
Jerusalem
he
was
first
proffered
to
be
made
King
of
it
,
and
all
the
Country
lying
about
it
,
larger
than
what
either
David
or
Solomon
possessed
;
but
he
refused
it
,
in
hopes
of
the
Kingdom
of
England
after
his
Brothers
Death
,
tho'
he
was
disappointed
of
it
and
Dyed
a
deplorable
Death
,
which
some
have
accounted
as
a
Judgment
for
his
having
refused
the
profered
Scepter
of
Jerusalem
.
However
on
his
refusal
,
the
Princes
chose
Godfry
of
Bulloin
,
Earl
of
Flanders
,
with
which
Choice
he
Joyfully
complied
,
but
would
not
be
Crowned
,
as
he
said
,
with
a
Crown
of
Gold
,
where
our
Blessed
Saviour
for
the
Sins
of
Man
,
and
to
procure
his
Redemption
,
had
some
time
worn
a
Crown
of
Thorns
.
But
nearer
to
My
Purpose
.
The
King
was
no
sooner
returned
out
of
Normandy
,
but
News
was
brought
him
the
Welsh
were
again
in
Rebellion
;
whereupon
he
Marched
to
Subdue
them
,
but
returned
without
effecting
it
,
by
reason
of
the
violent
Torrents
occasioned
by
the
Rain
,
and
their
keeping
among
the
Rocks
and
Fastnesses
,
till
his
Army
was
tired
out
with
Famine
and
other
inconveniencies
;
yet
soon
after
they
grew
Quiet
of
themselves
.
But
scarce
had
he
time
to
take
breath
,
ere
a
Rebellion
broke
out
in
the
North
,
whither
he
hasted
with
his
Army
,
gave
the
Rebells
a
great
Overthrow
,
and
takeing
some
of
the
Ringleaders
caused
them
to
be
put
to
Death
,
but
extended
his
Pardon
to
the
common
sort
;
and
Mowbray
,
who
encouraged
them
,
was
committed
to
Windsor
Castle
,
where
he
continued
a
long
while
Prisoner
.
And
the
Welsh
growing
again
troublesom
,
by
wasting
the
English
Borders
,
and
carrying
away
great
spoils
,
the
King
sent
the
Earls
of
Shrewsbury
and
Chester
against
them
with
a
strong
Power
,
where
after
some
Search
,
and
as
secret
Marchings
as
they
could
,
they
found
them
making
Merry
in
the
Isle
of
Anglesey
with
the
Plunder
they
had
got
from
the
English
;
and
falling
upon
them
when
they
expected
nothing
less
,
their
Feasting
was
turned
into
Mourning
;
for
the
greater
part
of
them
was
Slain
,
and
those
that
were
taken
Prisoners
mostly
lost
Feet
,
Hands
,
or
Eyes
,
or
were
put
to
worse
Torments
,
as
a
Terror
to
the
rest
,
that
they
should
keep
Quiet
within
their
appointed
limits
.
The
King
thinking
all
would
now
be
Quiet
,
resolved
to
take
his
Ease
;
and
then
forgeting
how
the
English
had
faithfully
stood
by
him
and
assisted
him
in
his
most
dangerous
undertakings
,
he
cast
many
of
them
out
of
Favour
,
Office
,
and
Trust
;
laying
grievous
Taxes
on
the
Commonalty
,
Selling
for
ready
Money
the
best
Promotions
in
Ecclesiastical
and
Civil
Affairs
,
Prohibiting
Anselm
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
to
Assemble
any
Convocations
or
Synods
(
for
the
well
ordering
the
Clergy
,
or
for
the
Correcting
such
as
did
Offend
)
without
his
Leave
or
License
;
by
which
means
he
secretly
filled
his
Coffers
with
Treasure
;
and
tho'
the
Good
Arch
Bishop
laid
before
him
the
ill
consequences
and
dangers
of
such
Proceedings
,
and
not
being
minded
,
he
resolved
to
go
for
Rome
,
and
lay
before
Pope
Vrban
the
Third
the
danger
the
Church
was
in
,
by
Misgovernment
,
and
to
perswade
him
to
Intercede
with
the
King
not
to
intermedle
with
Church-Affaires
,
but
leave
them
to
his
Clergy
.
The
King
hearing
of
his
Intention
,
sent
to
command
him
not
to
go
;
but
the
Old
Man
and
his
Retinue
were
before
on
their
Journey
;
however
,
the
King
sent
after
him
,
and
Pillaged
him
near
Dover
of
all
his
Wealth
,
in
hopes
that
would
stay
him
,
but
it
did
not
:
For
he
went
to
Rome
,
and
made
such
Complaints
,
that
the
Pope
in
a
chafe
would
have
Excomunicated
the
King
;
But
his
Clergy
Advised
him
that
having
already
Excomunicated
the
Emperour
Henry
the
Fourth
,
The
first
Christian
Prince
that
ever
was
under
Excomunication
,
therefore
it
would
be
convenient
to
see
the
Issue
of
that
Sentence
,
ere
he
proceeded
any
further
;
For
,
says
a
blunt
Abbot
,
your
Holiness
must
have
a
care
how
you
heat
any
more
Irons
before
you
see
how
those
you
have
Heated
already
will
be
Quenched
,
least
they
prove
too
Hot
for
your
handling
.
However
many
Letters
and
Verbal
Messages
were
sent
to
the
King
,
Admonishing
him
not
to
meddle
any
more
with
the
Investing
of
Bishops
,
by
giving
them
the
Cross
,
Ring
,
and
Pastoral
Staff
,
nor
Prohibit
the
Assembling
of
the
Convocations
or
Synods
,
touching
the
Affairs
of
the
Church
,
nor
the
Execution
of
any
Canons
tho'
they
were
by
Regal
Authority
Confirmed
.
To
this
the
King
Answered
That
he
would
still
do
as
he
Pleased
,
and
not
lose
so
fair
a
Flower
belonging
to
his
Crown
.
And
being
Reproved
in
the
absence
of
Anselm
,
by
Ralph
Bishop
of
Chichester
,
he
cast
him
into
disgrace
,
and
Suspended
many
Churches
in
his
Diocess
,
causing
the
Revenues
to
be
brought
into
his
Exchequer
;
so
that
the
Clergy
finding
no
Redress
,
greatly
Murmured
,
but
in
vain
,
till
his
humour
was
over
;
and
then
he
not
only
received
the
Bishop
into
his
extraordinary
Grace
and
Favour
,
but
Granted
many
Honourable
Priviledges
to
his
See
,
yet
he
stood
not
long
on
these
terms
,
ere
the
Kings
humour
changing
again
,
he
Banished
him
.
By
these
ways
the
King
had
Amassed
great
Sums
,
part
of
which
he
laid
out
in
Building
,
viz.
He
made
outward
Walls
and
Bullwarks
about
the
Tower
of
London
,
on
this
side
the
Ditch
,
which
Ruined
by
Time
and
other
Accidents
are
now
Demolished
tho'
some
of
the
Ruins
yet
remain
;
also
Westminster-Hall
being
90
Yards
Long
and
24
Yards
and
2
Foot
Broad
;
yet
when
he
saw
it
,
he
said
,
It
was
too
Little
by
half
,
and
therefore
he
would
reserve
it
for
a
Bed-Chamber
;
though
indeed
it
is
accounted
the
Largest
in
Europe
;
and
one
thing
is
remarkable
,
tho'
there
are
many
Cobwebs
in
the
Windows
,
and
in
the
Glass
Lanthorn
above
the
,
Roof
,
yet
on
the
large
and
curious
Wooden
Frame
,
tho'
never
Swept
,
not
any
appear
;
which
has
given
occasion
to
conclude
it
is
made
of
Irish
Oak
,
and
that
the
virtue
of
the
Wood
is
such
,
no
Spider
will
come
near
it
.
The
King
being
thus
at
Ease
,
the
French
were
not
wanting
to
take
the
Advantage
of
it
,
especially
since
Duke
Robert
was
absent
,
Warring
in
the
Holy
Land
,
and
had
left
his
Dukedom
in
charge
with
the
King
of
England
,
whereupon
they
laid
Siege
to
the
City
of
Constantia
in
Normandy
,
and
pressed
it
very
sorely
;
of
which
King
William
having
news
as
he
was
in
the
height
of
Sport
,
Hunting
in
New
Forrest
,
he
left
all
his
Company
on
a
suddain
,
and
Posted
towards
the
Sea
Side
,
where
finding
a
small
Bark
,
he
leaped
into
it
,
and
commanded
the
Master
to
set
Sail
for
any
part
in
Normandy
;
but
the
Sea
running
high
by
reason
of
a
Storm
,
he
refused
to
weigh
Anchor
,
laying
before
the
King
that
the
passing
at
that
time
was
full
of
danger
,
and
therefore
intreated
him
to
wait
for
more
favourable
Weather
;
whereupon
much
enraged
,
he
commanded
him
to
make
no
delay
for
any
fear
or
danger
of
Tempests
,
For
when
(
said
he
)
have
you
ever
heard
a
King
was
Drowned
by
a
Storm
?
So
that
the
Marriners
plying
the
best
of
their
skill
to
bear
in
the
Wind
,
they
got
safely
over
.
The
French
no
sooner
heard
the
King
was
Landed
,
but
concluding
he
had
a
great
Army
with
him
,
or
soon
to
arrive
,
were
so
chill'd
with
fear
,
that
Courage
failing
them
;
in
much
disorder
they
raised
the
Siege
,
and
the
Besieged
in
Sallying
cut
off
a
great
many
in
the
Rear
,
took
most
of
their
Tents
and
Baggage
,
left
behind
for
haste
;
and
so
the
King
with
a
small
Train
coming
thither
,
was
joyfully
received
,
and
having
better
Fortified
and
Stored
it
with
Provisions
,
conferring
some
Honours
and
Gifts
on
those
that
behaved
themselves
well
,
he
returned
to
England
,
met
divers
of
the
Nobility
who
had
raised
Forces
and
were
coming
to
his
Aid
,
who
scarcely
believed
he
could
be
there
in
so
short
a
time
,
or
what
he
related
of
the
raising
the
Siege
could
be
true
,
till
they
had
it
confirmed
from
many
hands
.
In
the
second
Year
of
this
Kings
Reign
,
a
terrible
Earthquake
happened
;
and
in
the
fourth
,
such
prodigious
Lightening
and
Thunder
as
did
great
mischief
in
divers
places
,
and
particularly
it
Burnt
the
Steeple
of
the
Abby
at
Winchester
,
rent
the
Beams
of
the
Roof
,
and
cast
down
the
Image
of
the
Virgin
Mary
,
breaking
one
of
its
Leggs
as
also
the
Crucifix
;
and
not
long
after
,
so
great
a
Storm
happened
at
London
,
that
it
blew
down
60
(
some
say
606
)
Houses
,
and
took
off
the
Roof
of
Bow-Church
,
bearing
it
a
great
height
in
the
Air
,
and
six
of
the
Beams
,
being
27
Foot
Long
,
with
the
fall
run
a
prodigious
depth
into
the
Ground
,
the
Streets
being
then
un-paved
,
so
that
with
much
labour
they
were
digg'd
out
.
In
his
sixth
Year
was
so
great
a
Scarcity
of
Provisions
,
and
a
Pestilence
,
that
in
Populous
Places
the
Living
were
hardly
sufficient
to
Bury
the
Dead
.
In
his
ninth
Year
two
Blazing
Stars
with
long
Firey
Trains
appeared
,
one
in
the
East
,
the
other
in
the
West
,
for
twenty
Nights
,
seeming
to
dart
Fire
one
at
the
other
.
And
in
the
last
Year
of
his
Reign
the
Sea
overflowed
its
Banks
in
Kent
,
and
lay'd
under
Water
all
the
Lands
that
had
been
Earl
Goodwin's
,
being
about
4000
Acres
,
Drowning
much
People
and
Cattel
,
and
Demolishing
many
Villages
.
And
to
this
day
has
not
been
Regained
.
That
Overflowing
is
called
Goodwins
Sands
,
very
fatal
to
Marriners
.
There
also
rose
up
a
Spring
of
Water
of
the
Colour
of
Blood
,
gushing
out
for
15.
days
in
great
abundance
at
Finchamstead
near
Abingdon
in
Barkshire
,
which
was
held
to
Presage
the
Kings
untimely
Death
:
For
he
Hunting
in
the
New
Forrest
,
where
his
Father
had
made
such
desolation
of
Churches
,
Religious
Houses
,
and
Villages
,
upon
pretence
of
Pleasure
,
as
the
Dogs
were
at
Bay
with
a
Stag
,
and
he
having
spoiled
many
of
them
,
Sr.
Walter
Terrill
,
one
of
the
Squires
of
the
Kings
Body
,
let
fly
an
Arrow
,
which
glancing
on
the
side
of
an
Oak
,
slaunted
on
the
King
who
was
pressing
on
to
the
Quarry
,
and
entered
so
deep
into
his
Breast
,
that
he
dyed
of
the
Wound
;
and
almost
on
that
spot
,
not
long
before
,
his
Nephew
Richard
Son
to
Robert
of
Normandy
,
was
slain
by
a
violent
fall
from
his
Horse
,
beaten
off
by
a
Bow
,
all
which
Accidents
were
looked
on
as
Judgments
for
the
Sacriledge
and
Waste
committed
on
so
trivial
an
occasion
.
MIDLESEX
By
John
Seller
map of Middlesex
Remarks
on
the
County
of
Middlesex
,
and
the
famous
Cities
of
London
and
Westminster
.
MIddlesex
gains
the
Preheminence
of
other
Counties
by
reason
in
it
stands
the
famous
City
of
London
,
The
Courts
of
Judicature
,
and
Palaces
of
our
Kings
,
and
by
reason
of
the
great
numbers
of
Handicrafts
;
for
few
Manufactures
used
by
the
English
Nation
,
are
here
unpractised
;
being
in
all
too
many
to
inumerate
.
This
County
produces
a
good
sprinkling
of
Cattle
,
Corn
,
Pastures
,
Parks
,
Chases
,
and
store
of
Deer
:
It
is
Bounded
on
the
North
with
Hartfordshire
,
on
the
West
with
Buckinghamshire
,
on
the
South
with
the
River
Thames
and
Surry
,
on
the
East
with
Essex
:
It
is
divided
into
seven
Hundreds
(
viz.
Edmonton
Hundred
,
Elthorn
Hundred
,
Finsbury
and
Wenslaxbarn
one
Hundred
,
Goare
Hundred
,
Oswelston
Hundred
,
Isleworth
Hundred
,
Spelthorn
Hundred
)
containing
73
Parishes
,
(
besides
those
Parishes
contained
in
the
Cities
of
London
and
Westminster
,
which
are
126
,
viz.
97
within
the
Walls
of
London
,
16
without
the
Walls
,
but
within
the
Liberties
thereof
;
and
7
in
the
City
of
Westminster
)
2
Cities
,
London
and
Westminster
,
the
former
being
a
Bishops
See
;
5
Market
Towns
,
and
1
principal
River
,
viz.
the
Thames
,
which
washes
its
South
side
:
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
8
,
viz.
London
City
4
,
Westminster
City
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
London
,
a
City
of
the
greatest
Trade
in
Europe
,
is
pleasantly
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
Thames
,
lifting
up
her
lofty
Head
on
gradually
rising
Hills
,
full
of
Riches
,
and
Beautified
with
many
stately
Buildings
;
King
Lud
,
who
Reigned
here
a
little
before
the
arrival
of
Julius
Caesar
,
much
Beautified
and
Enlarged
it
,
if
he
were
not
the
first
Founder
,
calling
it
after
his
Name
,
Caer
Lud
;
and
one
of
its
Western
Gates
retaines
his
Name
to
this
day
.
It
has
a
stately
Stone
Bridge
,
with
19
Arches
,
passing
over
to
Southwark
;
upon
which
are
vast
piles
of
Houses
.
The
Tower
,
said
to
be
Built
by
Julius
Caesar
,
and
much
Enlarged
by
William
the
Conquerer
,
is
for
Strength
and
Prospect
very
Famous
,
having
a
Moat
and
conveniency
to
let
the
Thames
Water
in
and
out
again
.
It
is
famous
for
being
the
Prison
of
many
Nobles
as
David
King
of
Scots
,
John
King
of
France
,
&c.
In
it
were
Murthered
Henry
the
Sixth
,
the
two
Princes
Edward
the
Fifth
and
his
Brother
Richard
Duke
of
York
,
by
Crookback
Richard's
Command
;
within
its
Walls
on
the
Green
divers
Nobles
have
been
Beheaded
,
as
Robert
Earl
of
Essex
,
the
Lady
Jane
Grey
a
little
before
Proclaimed
Queen
,
and
the
Lord
Dudly
her
Husband
,
and
many
others
,
too
numerous
to
mention
.
Here
Sr.
Tho.
Overbury
was
Poisoned
,
and
Arthur
Capell
the
Noble
Earl
of
Essex
,
in
King
Charles
the
Seconds
Reign
,
was
found
Dead
,
his
Throat
being
Cut
from
Ear
to
Ear.
In
London
one
Gallus
a
Roman
Leiutenant
being
Slain
at
a
Brook
,
it
was
called
thence
Galbrook
now
corruptly
Wallbrook
.
The
famous
Cathedral
of
St.
Pauls
was
Founded
by
Sigebert
King
of
the
East-Angles
,
and
Ethelbert
King
of
Kent
,
where
before
a
Temple
was
erected
to
Diana
.
In
the
Reign
of
Edmund
Ironside
this
City
was
closely
Besieged
by
the
Danes
,
but
the
Siege
soon
raised
by
that
Valiant
King
;
Anno
1133
,
the
greater
part
of
it
was
consumed
by
Fire
.
In
King
Richard
the
Second's
time
,
was
the
great
Rencounter
in
Smithfield
,
with
the
Rebells
Wat
Tyler
and
Jack
Straw
,
where
the
former
was
killed
by
Sr.
William
Walworth
,
the
Valiant
Lord
Mayor
,
For
which
the
Dagger
is
added
to
the
City
Armes
.
This
City
has
had
the
Honour
to
Entertain
several
Kings
and
Princes
;
King
Stephen
kept
his
Court
where
Crosby
Square
stands
in
Bishopsgate-street
;
King
Edward
the
Third
in
Cornhill
,
where
the
Popes-Head-Tavern
stands
;
King
John
had
his
Chappel
where
the
Stone-House
on
London-Bridge
stands
,
and
kept
his
Court
in
Holy-Well-Lane
by
Shoreditch
.
King
Henry
the
Eighth
held
his
Palace
in
Blackfriers
,
and
some
times
in
Bridwell
,
where
he
Lodged
the
Emperor
Charles
the
Fifth
.
It
s
Monument
on
Fish-street-Hill
is
very
famous
,
Erected
in
Memory
of
the
dreadful
Fire
,
Anno
Dom.
1666
,
Sept.
the
2.
which
consumed
13000
Dwelling-Houses
,
besides
the
Cathedral
of
St.
Pauls
,
and
almost
all
the
Churches
,
Chappels
,
Halls
,
and
other
Publick
Buildings
.
To
Islington
near
this
City
,
comes
a
pleasant
Stream
from
a
small
Spring
in
Hartfordshire
called
Amwell
,
and
supplies
it
by
Wooden
Pipes
with
Water
in
abundance
.
Bow
Church
in
this
City
has
a
Steeple
accounted
the
finest
in
Europe
.
It
s
Exchange
in
Cornhill
is
Beautified
with
the
Statues
of
the
Kings
and
Queens
,
and
is
a
very
stately
Structure
,
Its
Conduits
are
curious
Ornaments
to
the
City
,
as
also
are
the
Halls
of
the
Companies
;
and
likewise
St.
Paul's
Cathedral
,
the
East
End
and
about
a
Third
Part
of
it
being
Finished
,
containing
the
most
excellent
Workmanship
that
ever
was
wrought
in
Stone
.
Christ's
Hospital
,
St.
Bartholomew's
,
the
Charter-House
,
Bethlehem
,
and
Bridwell
,
are
very
famous
for
Charity
:
In
Christ
Church
three
Queens
were
Buryed
,
viz.
Margaret
second
Wife
to
Edward
the
First
,
Isabell
Wife
to
Edward
the
Second
,
and
Joan
her
Daughter
,
Married
to
David
King
of
Scots
.
Westminster
,
the
second
City
,
standing
in
this
County
,
has
the
River
of
Thames
pleasantly
on
the
South
side
of
it
,
and
has
been
the
most
constant
Residence
of
the
Kings
and
Queens
of
England
,
till
White-Hall
was
builded
by
Cardinal
Wolsey
in
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
Eighth
,
and
yet
claimes
the
Coronation
and
Burials
of
them
,
in
its
stately
Abby
,
Built
in
a
place
once
called
The
Isle
of
Thorns
,
in
Henry
the
Sevenths
Chappel
;
and
has
also
given
Birth
to
many
great
Princes
.
This
City
is
very
Antient
,
viz.
about
1660
Years
.
The
Palaces
of
White-Hall
and
St.
James
are
very
Stately
,
but
the
more
to
be
noted
for
being
the
ordinary
Residence
of
our
Kings
and
Queens
.
His
Majesties
Palace
at
Kensington
is
accounted
one
of
the
Pleasantest
Seats
in
the
County
,
and
extraordinary
much
delighted
in
by
the
late
Queen
.
Isleworth
or
Thistleworth
is
a
Village
pleasantly
situate
on
the
River
Thames
,
where
Richard
King
of
the
Romans
and
Earl
of
Cornwal
,
had
a
stately
Palace
,
which
was
Burnt
to
the
Ground
by
a
Tumultuous
Sally
made
by
the
London
Mob
.
Chealsea
is
pleasantly
seated
on
the
River
,
and
above
all
Beautified
with
its
stately
Colledge
,
dedicated
to
the
Vse
and
Relief
of
decay'd
or
disabled
Souldiers
and
Officers
.
Cambray-House
beyond
Islington
is
of
very
Antient
Building
,
first
Founded
by
a
Grocer
,
and
takes
a
fair
Prospect
of
London
.
Highgate
,
and
Hampstead
are
situate
on
pleasant
Hills
,
giving
a
large
Prospect
.
The
next
of
note
are
Edger
,
Acton
,
Wilsdon
,
Edmonton
,
Tatnam
Highcross
,
Harow
,
Drayton
,
Hackney
,
Newington
,
Hampton
,
famous
for
its
stately
Court
,
which
is
one
of
the
finest
in
England
,
Built
by
the
great
Cardinal
Wolsey
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
in
this
City
and
County
,
are
many
,
viz.
Norfolk-House
in
Arundel
Buildings
,
belonging
to
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
;
Wallingford-House
,
one
of
the
seats
of
the
late
Duke
of
Buckinghams
;
Albemarle-House
,
one
of
the
seats
of
the
late
Duke
of
Albemarle
;
Soho-Square
,
a
seat
of
the
late
Duke
of
Monmouths
;
Clarkenwell-House
,
belonging
to
the
late
Duke
of
Newcastle
;
Cleveland-House
,
to
the
Dutchess
of
Cleveland
;
Worcester-House
,
to
the
Duke
of
Beaufort
;
Highgate-House
,
to
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
;
Winchester-House
,
to
the
Duke
of
Bolton
;
Halifax-House
,
to
the
Marquess
of
Halifax
;
Kent-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Kent
;
Bedford-House
,
to
the
Duke
of
Bedford
;
Thannet-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Thannet
;
Leicester-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Leicester
;
Cambray-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Northampton
;
Warwick
and
Holland
Houses
,
to
the
Earl
of
Warwick
and
Holland
;
Clare-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Clare
;
Mulgrave-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Mulgrave
;
Chealsey-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Lindsey
;
St.
Albans-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
St.
Albans
;
Essex-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Essex
;
Cardigan-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Cardigan
;
Anglesey-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Anglesey
;
Cravan-House
,
to
the
Lord
Cravan
;
Ailesbury-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Ailesbury
;
Burlington-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Burlington
;
Powis-House
,
to
the
Marquiss
of
Powis
;
Macclesfield-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Macclesfield
;
Conway-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Conway
;
Campden-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Gainsborough
;
Faulconberg-House
,
to
the
Lord
Viscount
Faulconberg
;
Mordant-House
,
to
the
Lord
Viscount
Mordant
of
Avelon
;
Sion-House
,
to
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
,
also
Northumberland-House
in
the
Strand
;
Drayton
,
to
the
Lord
Paget
;
Hackney-House
,
to
the
Lord
Brook
;
Charterhouse-Close
,
to
the
Lord
Grey
of
Wark
;
a
House
at
Whitton
to
the
Lord
Culpeper
;
Lord
Berkley
Barron
of
Stratton
his
seat
Stratton-House
,
alias
Berkley-House
in
Pickadilly
;
and
at
Twickenham
a
seat
of
the
Lord
Bennets
,
Barron
of
Ossulston
;
The
Bishop
of
London's
seats
London-house
,
and
Fullham-house
.
As
for
Medicinal
Wells
in
this
County
,
there
have
been
lately
found
out
divers
at
Islington
,
Hoxdon
,
and
other
Places
,
by
many
highly
approved
for
the
Cure
of
divers
Distempers
.
The
Reign
of
HENRY
the
First
,
Sirnamed
,
for
his
great
Learning
,
Beau-Clark
,
or
Fine
Schollar
.
WHen
King
William
the
Second
was
unfortunately
Slain
,
Robert
his
Eldest
Brother
,
Fortunate
in
all
his
proceedings
,
save
only
in
his
Succession
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
was
Victoriously
Warring
in
the
Holy
Land
against
the
Turks
and
Sarazens
;
but
hearing
of
his
Brothers
Death
,
he
declined
the
Kingdom
of
Jerusalem
,
to
which
the
Christian
Princes
had
Elected
him
,
and
hasted
home
;
yet
left
most
of
his
Troops
behind
him
.
But
by
means
of
his
Absence
,
Henry
,
his
Youngest
Brother
,
so
cunningly
dealt
with
the
English
and
Normans
,
that
he
got
much
into
their
Favour
;
and
the
more
,
because
he
was
Born
in
England
after
his
Father
was
Crowned
King
,
and
for
as
much
as
he
was
of
a
mild
disposition
,
many
Princely
Virtues
making
it
apparent
that
his
Government
would
be
accompanied
with
many
Honourable
Atchievements
,
Gratful
,
Safe
and
Profitable
to
the
Church
and
Commonweal
;
so
that
all
things
working
to
his
Advancement
,
He
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
by
Maurice
Bishop
of
London
(
Anselm
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
being
Absent
)
on
Sunday
the
5th
of
August
,
Anno
Dom.
1100
;
but
before
his
Coronation
,
the
Nobles
constrained
him
to
Swear
he
would
Ease
the
People
of
the
oppressing
Taxes
and
other
Grievances
,
and
Restore
to
the
English
the
use
of
Lights
and
Fire
in
their
Houses
,
which
they
had
been
denied
,
for
the
most
part
,
after
the
Ringing
the
Evening
Bell
,
for
the
space
of
33
Years
.
After
his
Coronation
,
to
make
him
more
Easie
in
the
Throne
,
he
caused
the
Great
Seal
to
pass
on
several
wholsom
Laws
,
Subscribing
them
with
his
Name
,
and
commanded
divers
of
the
Lords
Spiritual
and
Temporal
to
do
the
like
;
and
caused
Copies
of
them
to
be
sent
into
every
County
,
to
be
kept
in
the
County
Courts
.
The
Heads
of
the
Laws
were
in
these
Branches
.
-
1.
That
the
Church
should
be
free
from
Oppressions
,
and
Reservation
of
their
Possessions
upon
vacancy
.
-
2.
That
the
Heirs
of
the
Nobility
should
Possess
the
Lands
of
their
Fathers
without
Redemption
from
the
King
;
which
Favour
likewise
should
be
Granted
by
the
Nobles
to
their
Tennants
.
-
3.
That
the
Gentry
might
give
in
Marriage
their
Daughters
and
Kinswomen
,
without
the
Kings
License
,
so
it
were
not
to
the
Kings
Enemies
.
-
4.
That
the
Widow
should
have
the
Jointure
,
and
not
against
her
Consent
be
compelled
to
a
second
Marriage
.
-
5.
That
the
Mother
,
or
the
next
of
Kin
,
should
be
Guardian
of
the
Lands
of
their
Children
.
-
6.
That
Coiners
of
False
and
Counterfeit
Money
should
be
Capitally
Punished
,
and
a
Measure
,
to
the
Length
of
the
Kings
Arm
,
should
be
a
Standard
of
Commerce
among
the
People
.
And
-
7.
That
all
Debts
to
the
Crown
,
before
his
coming
to
it
,
should
be
forgiven
,
and
all
Murthers
before
the
day
of
his
Coronation
to
be
Pardoned
.
With
other
such
like
Indulgences
:
He
also
at
this
time
Confirmed
King
Edward
the
Confessor's
Laws
.
Now
,
tho'
this
went
a
great
way
with
the
People
,
who
found
themselves
easie
in
these
Concessions
,
he
yet
used
other
Policies
,
as
expecting
a
storm
from
the
Norman
Coast
,
as
soon
as
Duke
Robert
should
Arrive
,
whom
he
had
notice
by
his
Espialls
,
was
on
his
way
;
for
having
Seized
on
the
plentiful
heaps
of
the
last
Kings
Treasure
,
he
Liberally
disposed
of
it
among
such
of
his
Subjects
as
he
knew
would
stand
him
in
the
greatest
stead
,
if
things
should
come
to
Extremity
.
Then
he
placed
the
more
Popular
Nobles
in
the
chief
Offices
of
State
,
and
satisfied
the
Leading
Gentry
with
Titles
of
Honour
,
and
Places
of
a
lower
station
,
absolutely
acquitting
the
People
forever
from
the
Tax
of
Dane
Gelt
(
it
having
been
much
lessened
in
the
former
Reign
)
and
from
all
other
Demands
and
unjust
Payments
Imposed
on
them
by
the
two
former
Kings
,
giving
leave
to
the
Nobles
and
Gentlemen
,
for
their
Recreation
,
to
Inclose
Parks
for
their
Deer
,
and
free
Warrens
for
their
Conies
,
Hares
,
and
such
like
Game
.
And
,
as
Traytors
to
his
Virtues
,
State
,
and
Kingly
Government
,
he
Exiled
from
his
Presence
and
Court
Sycophants
,
Parasites
,
Flatterers
,
Niceness
in
Behaviour
,
Lascivious
Conversation
,
Sumptuousness
in
Apparel
,
Superfluity
in
Diet
,
&c.
He
made
it
Death
for
any
to
Robb
on
the
Highways
,
and
with
Indefatigable
Endeavours
he
Corrected
and
Reformed
the
Monstrous
Pride
,
Intollerable
Covetousness
,
Secure
Negligence
and
Sloath
of
the
Clergy
.
Yet
the
better
to
please
them
,
he
Recalled
Ans●●
from
Banishment
,
and
Restored
him
to
his
Arch
Bishoprick
of
Canterbury
,
giving
him
full
Power
to
Assemble
Convocations
and
Synods
at
his
pleasure
;
and
for
the
amendment
of
such
Irregularities
as
were
insufferable
in
the
Church
,
he
left
it
wholly
to
the
Pope
,
as
also
to
Invest
Bishops
,
by
giving
them
the
Ring
,
Cross
,
and
Pastoral
Staff
.
All
such
Ecclesestical
Promotions
and
Dignities
as
by
the
Lewd
Advice
and
Councel
of
Reynulph
Bishop
of
Durham
,
his
Predecessor
had
Seized
in
his
hands
,
and
converted
to
his
use
,
he
voluntarily
restored
and
conferred
on
honest
and
grave
learned
Men
,
and
Committed
the
Bishop
of
Durham
a
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
of
London
,
from
whence
he
Escaped
;
and
going
for
Normandy
,
earnestly
Incited
Duke
Robert
by
many
moving
Orations
to
Invade
England
;
who
prone
enough
of
himself
,
so
harkened
to
him
,
and
relying
on
the
Aids
he
had
promised
him
here
on
his
Landing
,
raised
a
great
Army
;
of
which
Henry
having
timely
notice
,
thought
fit
yet
to
strengthen
himself
more
by
Marriage
,
and
in
order
to
it
he
took
to
Wife
Maud
,
Sister
to
Edgar
King
of
Scots
,
who
was
Daughter
to
Malcolm
by
Margaret
Sister
to
Edgar
Etheling
,
and
Daughter
to
King
Edward
the
Son
of
Edmund
Ironside
,
the
Victorious
Saxon
King
.
These
Nuptials
were
no
sooner
consummated
,
and
a
firm
League
made
with
Scotland
,
but
Duke
Robert
Landed
his
Army
at
Portsmouth
,
which
put
the
English
into
apprehensions
of
being
involved
in
a
doubtful
War
;
but
this
threatening
storm
was
soon
blown
over
,
by
the
discreet
mediation
and
counsel
of
Friends
on
both
sides
;
so
that
a
friendly
Peace
ensued
between
the
two
Brothers
,
upon
such
like
Conditions
as
had
been
Agreed
on
in
William
Rufus's
Days
;
whereat
the
Norman
Lords
were
much
displeased
,
and
returned
discontented
with
the
Duke
;
so
that
the
King
fearing
he
would
not
long
rest
contented
with
the
Agreement
,
resolved
to
be
beforehand
with
him
;
and
therefore
raising
a
gallant
Army
he
Sailed
to
Normandy
,
and
was
joyned
by
many
of
the
discontented
Nobles
,
giving
the
Duke
two
great
Overthrows
:
After
which
,
he
being
in
a
manner
forsaken
,
shifted
from
place
to
place
;
when
in
the
mean
while
the
King
pressing
his
good
Fortune
,
won
the
strong
Cities
of
Roan
,
Caen
,
Valois
,
and
others
;
and
putting
them
in
trusty
hands
,
returned
for
England
;
where
he
was
received
in
Triumph
.
The
Duke
perceiving
his
Fortune
grew
worse
and
worse
,
those
that
he
most
Trusted
growing
Treacherous
,
and
betraying
his
Councils
to
the
King
,
as
being
Bribed
so
to
do
,
by
which
means
he
was
almost
stripped
of
his
Dutchy
of
Normandy
,
he
Resolved
to
make
an
adventurous
Experiment
,
and
in
order
to
it
came
privately
into
England
,
and
humbly
submitted
himself
to
his
Brother
,
leaving
it
in
his
discretion
to
dispose
of
him
and
his
Dutchy
as
he
pleased
;
but
the
King
desirous
to
Annex
Normandy
to
his
own
Dominions
,
turned
from
him
in
a
slighting
manner
,
and
commanded
him
out
of
his
presence
;
which
great
Indignity
roused
the
Dukes
Courage
,
so
that
in
a
great
Rage
he
flung
out
of
the
Court
,
and
returned
to
Normandy
;
resolving
rather
to
dye
by
the
Sword
,
valiantly
fighting
in
the
Field
,
than
again
to
be
guilty
of
such
Meanness
.
The
King
,
who
was
not
unacquainted
with
his
humour
,
rightly
guessed
at
what
was
intended
,
and
therefore
followed
him
with
an
Army
,
and
much
Treasure
;
and
after
many
Battels
overpowering
his
small
number
,
he
was
taken
,
brought
Prisoner
to
England
,
and
closely
confined
;
when
endeavouring
to
make
his
Escape
,
the
King
(
to
whome
in
William
Rufus
his
Reign
he
had
done
many
good
offices
)
ungratfully
caused
his
Eyes
to
be
put
out
with
Burning
Glasses
;
yet
in
this
Captivity
he
lived
about
the
space
of
20
Years
;
and
then
,
as
is
said
,
the
King
sending
him
a
Suit
of
his
Old
Cloaths
,
he
took
the
Indignity
so
impatiently
,
that
resolving
to
live
no
longer
in
that
Misery
and
Disgrace
,
some
Historians
have
it
that
he
voluntarily
Starved
himself
;
others
,
that
he
Beat
out
his
Braines
against
the
Stones
of
the
Prison-Wall
;
however
,
certain
it
is
that
in
his
confinement
Dyed
the
Valliant
,
well
Accomplished
,
and
much
Lamented
Robert
,
Eighth
Duke
of
Normandy
,
a
Prince
in
whom
all
Heroick
Virtues
shined
.
The
King
seeming
now
to
be
rid
of
all
his
Fears
,
began
to
consider
,
the
Clergy
by
his
concessions
were
grown
exceeding
Rich
,
and
Ingrossed
many
Temporalities
;
so
that
resolving
to
come
in
with
them
for
a
share
of
what
they
had
Accumulated
by
his
Bounty
,
he
laid
Taxes
on
some
,
and
reassumed
his
power
of
Creating
Bishops
;
which
so
highly
disgusted
Arch
Bishop
Anselm
,
That
he
not
only
bitterly
inveighed
against
his
Proceedings
,
contrary
to
his
former
Promises
,
but
absolutely
refused
to
Consecrate
such
Bishops
as
the
King
Appointed
.
However
,
to
curry
favour
with
the
King
,
Gerald
Arch
Bishop
of
York
,
performed
that
Ceremony
;
and
Anselm
,
soon
after
being
Banished
,
fled
to
Rome
,
and
made
grievous
complaints
to
Pope
Paschal
the
Second
,
of
the
wrongs
,
as
he
pretended
,
that
had
been
done
him
;
and
upon
the
Popes
Intercession
,
about
two
Years
after
he
had
License
to
return
;
and
at
a
Synod
of
the
Clergy
holden
in
London
by
the
Popes
Authority
,
it
was
Enacted
,
That
from
thence
forth
no
Temporal
Person
should
give
Investiture
to
any
Bishop
by
the
Cross
and
Ring
;
yet
three
Years
after
,
Arch
Bishop
Anselm
Dying
,
The
Temporalities
of
the
See
of
Canterbury
were
Seized
into
the
Kings
hands
,
who
converted
them
to
his
use
for
the
space
of
five
Years
,
the
See
being
so
long
kept
vacant
;
he
aledging
to
the
Bishops
that
sued
to
him
,
to
Nominate
an
Arch
Bishop
;
That
he
only
kept
it
for
a
worthy
Person
that
might
justly
deserve
it
.
Anno
Dom.
1108
The
King
erected
the
Bishoprick
of
Ely
,
appointing
the
Diocess
to
extend
through
the
County
of
Cambridge
and
Isle
of
Ely
,
and
Endowed
it
with
some
of
his
own
Lands
in
those
parts
;
by
which
means
he
made
fair
weather
with
the
Pope
,
because
by
this
addition
he
had
strengthened
his
Interest
the
more
in
England
,
and
the
Clergy
seemed
satisfied
in
part
for
their
Damages
sustained
.
But
now
a
Storm
threatned
in
Normandy
,
for
the
King
having
gotten
quiet
Possession
after
his
Brothers
Death
,
Lewis
Le
Gross
,
King
of
France
,
fearing
a
further
Incroachment
on
his
Territories
,
if
the
King
of
England
(
wanting
Interuption
)
had
liberty
to
grow
Powerful
,
he
procured
Foulk
Earl
of
Anjou
,
on
a
weak
pretence
,
to
seiz
on
the
Country
of
Mayne
,
and
then
animated
Baldwin
Earl
of
Flanders
,
to
Proclaim
War
for
the
King
of
England's
with-houlding
a
Yearly
Pension
of
300
Marks
,
which
the
Conquerer
had
settled
on
Baldwin
fifth
Earl
of
Flanders
,
and
had
been
pay'd
by
William
Rufus
to
his
Son
and
Nephew
,
because
the
Earl
had
assisted
the
Conquerer
with
considerable
Forces
upon
his
Invading
Elngand
:
All
these
made
strong
preparations
to
Invade
Normandy
;
But
the
News
soon
roused
the
King
from
his
Bed
of
Ease
,
and
filled
him
with
Princely
Resolutions
;
whereupon
he
passed
the
Seas
with
an
Army
of
Nobles
,
Gentry
and
common
Souldiers
;
when
losing
no
time
,
he
set
upon
the
Earl
of
Anjou
and
his
Associates
,
giving
him
an
entire
Overthrow
,
so
that
he
was
enforced
to
save
himself
by
shameful
Flight
,
leaving
the
Prime
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
his
Army
dead
on
the
Plaines
,
or
Prisoners
of
War
,
with
4000
of
lesser
note
:
And
near
unto
the
Town
of
Nice
,
which
was
Surprized
and
holden
by
the
King
of
France
,
he
Encountered
the
other
Confederates
,
so
that
a
very
cruel
Fight
beginning
between
them
,
it
continued
Nine
Hours
,
and
was
on
both
sides
fought
with
such
Eagerness
and
Heroick
Resolution
,
that
tho'
the
King
won
the
Victory
,
and
kept
the
Field
,
whilst
his
Parties
sent
after
them
had
a
long
chace
of
the
flying
Enemy
;
he
truly
confessed
,
He
Fought
not
then
for
Victory
,
but
for
his
Life
.
Not
long
after
these
Victories
,
Overtures
of
Peace
were
made
,
and
the
King
fearing
some
practices
against
him
in
England
might
raise
a
Rebellion
,
if
he
should
be
long
entangled
in
War
Abroad
,
he
th●
more
readily
harkened
to
them
,
and
a
Peace
was
concluded
,
upon
a
Marriage
between
William
the
Kings
Eldest
Son
,
and
the
Daughter
of
the
Duke
of
Anjou
;
but
in
their
return
for
England
staying
somewhat
behind
the
King
,
and
to
make
Merry
,
and
take
leave
of
their
Friends
,
in
their
Riotous
Treatments
,
the
Marriners
got
such
plenty
of
Wine
,
that
being
for
the
most
part
made
Drunk
,
coming
with
full
Sail
,
in
hopes
to
overtake
the
King
,
they
run
upon
the
Shallows
,
where
the
Ship
beating
along
by
the
violence
of
the
Wind
and
Waves
,
Foundered
;
yet
the
Prince
with
his
fair
Bride
,
and
many
others
,
got
into
the
Long-Boat
,
and
put
off
;
but
Mary
Countess
of
Perch
,
his
Sister
,
crying
from
the
Sinking
Deck
pitiously
to
him
To
take
her
in
,
and
not
let
her
Perish
in
the
Waters
,
he
Rowed
back
again
,
thinking
to
do
it
;
but
then
many
Lives
being
at
the
point
to
be
lost
,
and
in
that
great
Extremity
●very
one
valuing
his
own
Life
equal
with
his
Princes
,
neither
Words
nor
Swords
could
keep
so
many
from
leaping
in
,
as
sunk
the
Boat
,
so
that
they
,
together
with
Richard
the
Kings
Younger
Son
,
Lucia
his
Neice
,
and
her
Husband
the
Earle
of
Chester
,
were
swallowed
up
by
the
merciless
Waves
;
only
three
or
four
Sailors
escaping
on
Planks
to
Shoar
,
as
sad
Relators
of
the
Tragical
News
,
which
filled
the
Court
with
Mourning
,
and
the
whole
Nation
with
an
Universal
heaviness
.
However
,
the
King
bore
it
with
Prudence
,
and
much
Princely
Fortitude
,
knowing
his
Grief
could
not
Retrieve
his
great
loss
;
nor
had
he
any
long
time
after
his
Landing
to
weigh
the
mishap
,
ere
Wars
loud
Alarms
summoned
him
to
the
Field
;
for
in
his
absence
,
the
Welsh
,
impatient
of
the
English
Yoak
,
had
strengthened
themselves
in
Confedracy
with
some
Irish
Adventurers
,
and
now
broke
into
open
Rebellion
;
not
as
formerly
abiding
in
the
Mountains
and
Fastnesses
,
but
relying
on
a
foolish
Prophecy
,
That
in
that
Year
they
should
recover
their
Antient
Territories
,
and
have
a
King
of
their
Nation
Reign
over
the
whole
Island
,
they
boldly
advanced
,
and
unadvisedly
gave
him
Battel
in
the
Plains
,
where
they
were
Overthrown
,
and
most
of
them
Slain
or
taken
Prisoners
;
the
King
inciting
the
Sword
to
rage
in
their
destruction
,
and
consumed
with
Fire
all
the
places
in
his
March
,
making
such
a
desolation
as
had
not
been
known
in
that
Country
for
many
hundred
Years
;
and
by
so
mighty
a
Terror
having
Quieted
these
People
,
he
returned
with
great
Spoil
,
and
was
joyfully
received
at
London
:
Where
Assembling
the
Nobles
,
he
desired
a
Supply
to
enable
him
to
Marry
his
Daughter
Maud
,
to
the
Emperour
Henry
,
who
had
demanded
her
in
Marriage
;
which
they
granted
,
and
it
was
Leavied
in
the
nature
of
a
Tax
on
Lands
,
being
called
Aid
pur
file
Marrier
;
and
the
same
custom
for
the
Marriage
of
the
Eldest
Daughters
of
the
Kings
of
this
Realm
,
was
a
long
time
continued
,
and
may
yet
be
practised
on
the
like
Emergency
.
At
the
same
time
he
devised
and
ordered
the
manner
and
fashion
of
a
High
Court
of
Parliament
,
appointing
it
to
consist
of
the
Three
Estates
,
of
which
himself
was
the
Head
;
so
that
the
Laws
being
made
by
the
consent
of
all
,
were
highly
pleasing
to
the
People
.
This
happy
beginning
of
a
Good
Constitution
of
Government
,
was
First
Established
at
Salisbury
,
in
April
Anno
Dom.
1114
;
some
Authors
have
it
1116.
However
it
has
proved
,
by
the
continuance
and
great
Improvement
of
Parliaments
,
happy
for
England
to
this
day
;
seeing
to
those
August
Assemblies
we
owe
the
well
founding
of
the
best
constituted
Government
it
the
World
.
Soon
after
this
,
the
King
hoping
in
some
measure
to
repair
the
loss
of
his
Children
Drowned
,
as
has
been
recited
,
Married
Adilicia
Daughter
to
Godfrey
,
first
Duke
of
Lovain
:
And
Pope
Calixtus
the
Second
came
to
him
in
Normandy
,
in
hopes
to
perswade
him
not
to
meddle
in
matters
belonging
to
Ecclesiastical
Affairs
,
but
neither
Flattery
,
Threats
,
or
Perswasion
,
could
work
the
King
to
a
compliance
with
his
desires
;
and
at
this
meeting
two
Youths
,
Sons
to
the
Earl
of
Mellent
,
and
Servants
to
the
King
,
Disputing
with
two
of
the
Popes
Cardinals
,
with
Logical
Sylogisms
,
so
Nonplus'd
them
,
that
they
were
compelled
to
own
their
Ignorance
.
About
Three
Years
after
,
Pope
Honorius
the
Second
sent
Cardinal
Cremensis
to
certifie
the
abuses
of
the
Married
Clergy
,
and
to
that
purpose
he
made
a
long
Oration
in
a
large
Assembly
of
Priests
and
others
;
in
praise
of
Chastity
,
and
dispraise
of
Vnlawful
Lust
;
(
for
so
he
termed
that
of
the
Married
Priests
with
their
Wives
)
but
being
narrowly
watched
by
some
of
them
,
he
was
by
a
Publick
Officer
taken
in
Bed
the
same
Night
with
a
common
Strumpet
;
and
so
loaden
with
Shame
,
compelled
to
return
to
his
Master
without
Success
.
Yet
the
King
preferring
Thurston
,
one
of
his
Chaplains
,
to
the
Arch
Bishoprick
of
York
,
the
Proud
Priest
refused
to
Swear
Obedience
to
the
See
of
Canterbury
,
which
his
Predecessors
had
both
Sworn
and
performed
;
and
Appealing
to
Rome
,
the
King
permited
the
Pope
to
dispense
with
his
Obedience
to
that
See
;
but
he
proceeding
further
,
to
give
him
the
Investure
of
Arch
Bishop
,
by
delivering
him
the
Pall
,
Ring
,
and
Cross
,
the
King
was
so
much
displeased
that
he
prohibited
his
return
;
but
in
the
end
the
Popes
Threatnings
,
Menacing
nothing
but
Curses
,
Excomunications
,
and
Suspensions
,
he
had
leave
to
Enjoy
the
Dignity
of
the
Archiepiscopal
See
;
least
evil
affected
Persons
,
taking
advantage
of
the
Difference
,
might
raise
Commotions
to
disturb
the
Quiet
of
the
Kingdom
.
And
soon
after
one
Arnold
,
in
a
Divinity
Lecture
at
Oxford
,
for
Preaching
against
the
Pride
of
the
Prelates
,
and
Dissolute
and
Wicked
Lives
of
the
Priests
,
was
Assassinated
,
and
found
Dead
,
with
near
a
Hundred
Wounds
in
his
Head
,
Face
,
and
other
Parts
.
In
the
27th
Year
of
this
Kings
Reign
,
Dyed
the
Emperour
Henry
the
Fifth
of
Germany
,
not
leaving
any
Issue
by
Maud
his
Empress
;
whereupon
the
King
,
to
strengthen
his
Interest
against
France
,
Married
her
to
Geoffrey
Plantagenet
,
Son
and
Heir
Apparent
to
Foulk
then
Earl
of
Anjou
,
by
whom
she
had
Issue
Henry
,
afterward
King
of
England
,
Geoffery
and
William
.
This
fair
Ofspring
enriched
the
King
with
the
truest
endowment
of
Content
,
for
that
as
he
conceived
he
saw
in
them
the
long
continuance
of
his
Line
,
in
possessing
the
Crown
of
this
Realm
;
and
to
make
it
the
more
certain
and
sure
to
them
,
he
took
three
sollemn
Oaths
in
the
space
of
five
Years
of
all
the
Nobility
and
chief
Men
of
the
Kingdom
,
That
with
their
best
Advice
,
and
with
the
hazzard
of
their
Goods
,
Lands
,
Lives
and
Fortunes
,
they
should
Support
and
Maintain
the
Succession
of
his
Daughter
and
her
Heirs
.
And
so
growing
in
Years
,
he
went
over
to
Normandy
to
do
the
like
there
,
and
settle
his
Affaires
;
but
Eating
Lamprys
at
the
Town
of
St.
Dennis
he
Surfeited
on
them
,
and
after
a
short
Sickness
Dyed
.
This
King
was
accounted
Wise
,
Learned
,
Mild
and
Just
,
beyond
most
of
his
Predecessors
;
more
enclined
to
Peace
than
War
;
extending
his
Bounty
to
such
as
merited
it
by
Publick
Service
,
confining
his
Gifts
within
the
limits
of
Thrift
and
Measure
:
He
was
a
gentle
Friend
,
but
a
stuborn
Enemy
.
He
had
several
Children
by
his
Concubins
,
which
he
promoted
to
Honours
and
Places
of
Trust
.
He
Erected
the
two
Bishopricks
Ely
and
Carlis●le
,
and
Founded
the
Monastries
of
Shirbourn
,
Circester
,
the
Priory
at
Dunstable
,
and
the
Abby
of
Reading
in
Barkshire
,
where
he
was
Intered
in
a
stately
Tomb.
He
began
his
Reign
Wednesday
the
First
of
August
,
Anno
Dom.
1100
,
and
Reigned
35
Years
,
4
Months
,
and
1
Day
;
and
was
the
33d
Sole
Monarch
of
England
.
In
the
16th
Year
of
his
Reign
great
Thunders
,
Lightenings
,
and
Hail
happened
in
December
,
doing
much
harm
;
and
the
Moon
for
two
Nights
appeared
of
the
Colour
of
Blood
;
in
October
,
the
same
Year
,
the
Thames
was
so
Dry
,
that
the
People
passed
at
the
Tower
,
and
almost
as
far
as
the
Bridge
,
to
the
other
side
on
Foot
.
In
the
33d
Year
of
his
Reign
happened
so
great
an
Eclips
of
the
Sun
,
that
at
Noon-day
the
Stars
plainly
appeared
,
and
about
two
days
after
there
was
a
terrible
Earthquake
;
and
the
same
Year
happened
a
dreadful
Fire
in
London
,
which
consumed
it
from
the
West
End
of
Cheapside
to
Aldgate
;
and
the
nex
Year
Worcester
and
Rochester
were
Accidentally
Burnt
;
and
a
little
before
his
Death
,
a
Blazing
Star
with
a
Bushy
Tail
of
the
colour
of
Blood
,
appeared
at
South
West
Twelve
Nights
successively
.
Remarks
on
Northamptonshire
,
&c.
NOrthamptonshire
is
a
pleasant
Inland
County
,
held
to
be
Situate
in
the
Middle
of
the
Kingdom
,
being
mostly
Inclosure
,
affording
store
of
Corn
,
Pease
,
Fruits
,
good
Pasturs
,
and
larg
Cattle
,
Sheep
and
Foul
in
abundance
;
divers
Parks
stored
with
Deer
,
and
much
Fish
.
It
contains
in
it
one
City
,
viz.
Peterborough
;
which
is
a
Bishops
See
,
tho'
Northampton
is
the
Shire
Town
:
It
is
divided
into
20
Hundreds
,
and
in
them
326
Parishes
,
13
Market
Towns
and
5
Rivers
.
It
is
Bounded
with
Cambridgshire
,
Huntingtonshire
,
Buckinghamshire
,
Oxfordshire
,
Warwickshire
,
Leicestershire
,
and
Lincolnshire
;
sends
Members
to
Parliament
9
,
viz.
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
,
Peterborough
2
,
Northampton
2
,
Brackley
2
,
Higham
Ferries
1.
NORTHAMTON
SHIRE
.
map of Northamtonshire
Oundle
,
or
Houndhill
,
is
famous
for
a
Well
,
wherein
at
certain
times
the
beating
of
a
Drum
is
heard
,
and
People
say
it
is
usually
the
Alarm
or
Forerunner
of
Wars
,
or
Changes
of
Government
,
and
indeed
before
the
late
Revolution
it
was
for
many
days
together
heard
very
plain
:
It
has
a
very
fine
Church
,
a
Free-Sohool
,
and
an
Almes-House
.
Peterborough
is
famed
for
its
Building
,
and
the
curious
Work
of
its
Cathedral
;
It
is
seated
,
as
Northampton
and
Oundle
are
,
on
the
River
Nen.
At
Higham
Ferries
was
Born
Henry
Chichely
,
Cardinal
and
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
in
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
Sixth
,
who
Founded
All
Souls
Colledge
in
Oxford
.
Edgcot
on
Danes
Moor
,
near
this
place
a
Bloody
Battle
was
Fought
Anno
1469
,
between
Robin
of
Risdale
,
and
Sr.
John
Coniers
,
against
William
Herbert
Earl
of
Pembrook
,
the
Lord
Rivers
and
others
.
At
Fotheringay
Castle
Mary
Queen
of
Scots
was
kept
a
long
time
Prisoner
,
and
at
last
Beheaded
in
it
.
The
other
Towns
of
Note
are
Towcester
,
Daventree
,
Wellingborough
,
Kettering
,
Brabrook
,
situate
mostly
on
pleasant
Streams
that
branch
in
all
parts
of
this
County
:
At
Wellingborough
are
Medicinal
Waters
,
upon
the
account
of
which
Queen
Mary
the
First
Lay
there
for
several
Weeks
.
In
the
midest
of
the
River
Nen
South
of
Peterborough
,
is
a
deep
Gulf
,
so
Cold
in
the
Summer
,
no
Swimmer
is
able
to
endure
it
,
yet
never
Frozen
in
the
Winter
.
The
whole
County
is
pleasantly
sprinkled
with
Woods
,
and
Tufted
Groves
,
wherein
great
store
of
Hares
shelter
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Grafton
Regis
,
a
seat
of
the
late
Duke
of
Grafton
;
Burghly
,
Worthorp
and
Wakerly
,
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Exeter
;
Apethorp
and
Sewlhay
Lodg
,
to
the
Earl
of
Westmerland
;
Brayton
,
Luswick
,
alias
Lowick
.
Thrapston
and
Sudborow
,
to
the
Earl
of
Peterborough
;
Althorp
to
the
Earl
of
Sunderland
;
Dean
,
to
the
Earl
of
Cardigan
;
Winwick
,
to
the
Earl
of
Craven
;
Holdenby
,
to
the
Earl
of
Feversham
;
Kerby
,
to
the
Lord
Viscount
Hatton
,
Baron
of
Kerby
&c.
Astwell
,
to
the
Lord
Ferrers
;
Easton
Mauit
,
to
the
Lord
Grey
;
Boughton
and
Barnwell
Castle
,
to
the
Lord
Montague
;
Rockingham
Castle
,
Warmington
and
Stoke
Albony
,
to
the
Lord
Watson
;
Stean
,
to
the
Lord
Crew
;
Peterborough-Pallace
and
Castle
to
the
Lord
Bishop
of
the
Diocess
:
Besides
these
,
there
are
many
stately
Houses
of
the
Gentry
that
give
a
curious
Prospect
to
most
Roads
in
the
County
.
The
Reign
of
King
STEPHEN
.
THough
King
Henry
thought
he
made
the
Crown
of
England
and
Dutchy
of
Normandy
sure
to
his
Daughter
Maud
and
her
Issue
,
yet
for
a
whole
Reign
it
was
debarred
from
them
;
for
Stephen
,
Third
Son
to
Stephen
Earl
of
Bloyce
,
by
his
Wife
Adilicia
,
or
Alice
,
Third
Daughter
to
Willian
the
Conquerer
,
having
insinuated
himself
into
the
Favour
of
the
leading
Nobles
,
Sailed
for
England
,
and
Landed
at
Whit-Sand
Bay
,
with
whom
came
a
wonderful
Tempest
,
attended
with
Thunder
and
Lightening
.
He
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
on
the
26th
of
December
,
Anno
Dom.
1135
,
by
William
Corbell
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
so
well
was
he
Instructed
in
the
former
Examples
,
That
by
Wisdom
and
Policy
he
laboured
to
lay
a
sure
foundation
for
his
Advancement
;
and
because
Riches
are
the
Sinews
and
Strength
of
the
Strongest
Kings
,
he
therefore
,
to
Enrich
himself
,
seized
on
the
Treasure
of
the
Deceased
King
,
and
Bountifully
disposed
of
it
to
such
as
either
by
Arms
or
Council
were
most
likely
to
stand
him
in
stead
;
he
also
created
sundry
Noblemen
,
and
Dignified
many
others
with
the
Honour
of
Knighthood
;
which
made
him
find
many
fast
Friends
;
and
because
benefits
received
are
more
frequently
pleasing
to
the
Vulgar
,
than
Right
or
Reason
,
to
ingratiate
with
the
Common
Sort
,
he
remitted
several
Taxes
,
of
●hose
Grievance
they
had
complained
in
the
latter
end
of
the
last
Reign
,
but
could
have
no
Redress
;
causing
,
the
better
to
confirm
this
Concession
,
a
Charter
to
be
made
to
the
People
under
the
Great
Seal
,
for
an
Assurance
of
his
not
Revoking
what
he
had
consented
to
;
he
also
made
a
Mitigation
of
the
Severeties
and
Penalties
of
divers
Laws
;
and
by
Solemn
Oath
Bound
himself
to
Observe
and
Keep
the
same
;
he
likewise
Renounced
the
future
Seisures
of
all
Ecclesiastical
Dignities
and
Promotions
,
when
they
should
become
Vacant
,
the
better
to
Endear
the
Clergy
to
him
;
giving
to
the
Church
and
Church-men
such
Graceful
and
Profitable
Priviledges
and
Immunities
as
they
would
demand
,
exempting
them
(
among
other
things
)
from
the
Authority
of
the
Temporal
Magistrate
,
for
all
Offence
whatsoever
,
unless
the
Ordinary
consent
to
give
them
up
to
the
Secular
Power
.
And
to
prevent
suddain
Disturbances
that
might
arise
,
he
builded
many
Forts
,
Fortresses
,
Bullwarks
and
Castles
,
Licensing
the
Nobles
,
Gentry
and
Clergy
to
do
the
like
,
for
their
Security
:
And
to
keep
fair
with
David
King
of
Scots
,
who
was
Unkle
to
Maud
the
Empress
,
he
gave
him
the
County
of
Cumberland
,
to
hold
it
in
Fee
of
the
Crown
of
England
,
and
do
Homage
for
it
when
he
should
be
so
required
,
and
Created
his
Eldest
Son
Henry
Earl
of
Huntingdon
;
yet
this
sufficed
not
that
restless
King
,
for
soon
after
he
entered
England
in
the
Empresses
Quarrel
,
and
laid
many
Towns
and
Villages
Waste
,
but
being
Encountered
by
Thurston
Arch
Bishop
of
York
,
he
was
Overthrown
;
and
flying
into
Scotland
,
left
about
10000
of
his
Men
Dead
behind
him
.
Nor
were
the
Welsh
less
troublesome
,
tho'
he
had
Banished
Baldwin
D'
Redvers
for
Rebelling
against
him
,
but
greatly
infested
the
Western
Parts
;
whereupon
an
Army
was
sent
,
and
gave
them
Battel
;
but
by
the
Negligence
of
the
Commanders
,
for
want
of
due
order
,
the
English
were
put
to
the
Rout
,
and
many
Slain
,
tho'
more
taken
Prisoners
;
many
of
which
were
lead
away
by
the
Welsh-women
,
and
so
great
a
number
were
Drowned
by
the
fall
of
a
Bridge
over
Tweed
,
That
a
Passage
was
made
over
the
Water
with
their
Dead
Bodies
.
In
the
Sixth
Year
of
this
Kings
Reign
,
the
Empress
Maud
,
being
accompanied
by
her
Brother-in-Law
,
Robert
Duke
of
Glocester
,
Landed
in
England
with
an
Army
,
which
as
it
Marched
was
much
encreased
by
the
comming
in
of
many
English
;
and
soon
after
joyned
by
Randulph
Earl
of
Chester
,
with
a
Body
of
Welsh
;
hereupon
the
King
,
reposing
no
confidence
in
delay
▪
but
Experience
advising
him
that
time
would
be
the
chief
enabler
of
his
Adversaries
Success
,
he
Levied
a
strong
Army
,
and
Marched
against
them
,
so
that
a
cruel
Fight
,
with
equal
hopes
,
was
Fought
for
many
hours
between
them
;
but
at
length
the
common
Souldiers
on
the
Kings
part
,
striving
faintly
,
rather
endeavouring
to
save
,
themselves
,
than
to
defend
their
Prince
,
they
at
last
betook
them
to
Flight
,
and
left
him
with
a
few
Nobles
and
Gentry
;
yet
with
his
Battel-Ax
in
his
Hand
,
like
an
enraged
Lion
,
he
stoutly
maintained
the
Combate
,
Slaying
many
of
the
Enemy
;
till
at
last
,
being
surrounded
,
and
in
vain
demanded
to
yeild
,
he
made
a
War
himself
against
whole
Troops
,
till
being
beaten
down
with
a
weighty
Stone
cast
on
him
at
a
distance
,
he
was
taken
Prisoner
,
and
carried
to
Bristol
Castle
;
where
remaining
about
three
Months
,
he
was
exchanged
for
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
who
in
the
mean
while
was
made
a
Prisoner
to
King
Stephen's
Queen
.
However
after
this
Battel
,
Maud
received
the
Allegiance
of
all
the
Counties
of
England
,
except
Kent
;
and
Marching
to
Winchester
,
received
there
the
Crown
and
other
Regalia's
,
and
so
passing
to
London
,
she
was
received
in
Triumph
;
and
now
the
reports
of
King
Stephen's
Defeat
and
Imprisonment
,
flying
into
Normandy
,
caused
his
Subjects
there
to
slight
him
,
and
incline
to
Geoffery
,
Husband
to
the
Empress
;
but
changed
their
Minds
,
when
they
heard
the
King
was
at
Liberty
,
and
had
strongly
Besieged
the
Empress
in
Oxford
,
whither
she
was
Fled
,
upon
notice
the
Londoners
consulted
to
seiz
her
,
and
deliver
her
Prisoner
to
the
King
,
because
she
had
refused
to
confirm
to
them
King
Edward's
Laws
,
with
all
their
Charters
and
Priveledges
.
And
withdrawing
privately
from
London
,
for
fear
of
a
Surprize
,
she
posted
to
Oxford
,
where
she
had
not
been
scarce
five
Days
,
ere
the
King
Beleagured
the
City
,
and
pressed
it
with
continual
Assaults
,
tho'
in
the
depth
of
Winter
;
so
that
the
Empress
fearing
to
be
Taken
,
dressed
herself
in
White
,
and
passing
the
Thames
on
the
Ice
,
went
through
the
Snow
,
which
lay
then
thick
on
the
Ground
,
to
Abingdon
,
where
taking
Horse
,
she
passed
to
Wallingford-Castle
,
kept
with
a
strong
Garison
by
her
Friends
;
and
by
this
time
her
Brother
and
Son
Henry
were
Landed
at
Warram-Haven
,
and
from
thence
came
to
her
with
some
Forces
;
but
she
wearied
with
the
various
turns
and
chances
of
War
,
soon
after
left
England
,
and
returned
to
her
Husband
who
was
in
Normandy
,
having
sent
Prince
Henry
before
;
and
so
Oxford
being
Surrendered
to
the
King
,
he
went
to
Lincoln
,
and
Summoned
the
Barons
,
who
there
Swore
Allegiance
to
Eustace
his
Son
,
whom
he
Created
Duke
of
Normandy
;
and
Theobald
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
refusing
to
Consecrate
him
,
was
obliged
,
for
his
contempt
of
the
Kings
commands
,
to
leave
the
Land
,
and
fly
to
Normandy
;
whereupon
the
King
seized
on
his
Temporalities
,
but
did
not
dispose
of
the
Arch
Bishoprick
.
It
is
Remarkable
that
the
Kings
of
England
,
before
Stephen
,
refrained
going
into
Lincoln
,
upon
the
account
of
a
fatal
Prophecy
pronounced
by
Merlin
,
viz.
When
a
King
enters
within
Lincoln's
Walls
,
His
Reign
proves
Stormy
,
and
he
Childless
falls
.
The
Kings
Treasure
being
much
wasted
in
the
Wars
he
Fought
,
he
demanded
a
Subsidy
of
the
Clergy
;
but
they
refusing
it
,
he
was
extream
angry
with
the
Prelates
,
demanding
of
the
Bishops
of
Salisbury
,
Lincoln
,
and
Ely
the
Keys
of
their
Castles
,
and
exacted
great
Sums
of
Money
from
them
,
pretending
they
were
Indebted
to
the
Crown
for
the
Tenures
of
their
Temporalities
.
And
now
Prince
Henry
,
being
grown
up
gathered
an
Army
,
and
Invaded
England
;
nor
was
the
King
slow
to
Oppose
him
,
but
was
somewhat
retarded
by
the
Indisposition
of
his
Son
,
who
fell
into
a
Frenzy
,
of
which
he
shortly
Dyed
,
greatly
lamented
of
the
King
,
who
had
no
more
Children
;
but
Sorrow
giving
place
to
Anger
,
he
caused
the
Trumpets
to
sound
a
Charge
against
the
Enemy
;
but
as
the
two
Armies
were
about
to
joyn
,
such
a
Storm
of
Rain
and
Hail
fell
,
and
continued
so
long
that
they
were
forced
out
of
the
Field
to
seek
shelter
;
which
gave
a
time
for
Parly
;
and
the
King
weary
of
the
War
,
and
pittying
the
Sufferings
of
his
People
,
being
Childless
,
and
not
expecting
any
more
Children
;
after
many
Messages
from
one
to
the
other
,
a
meeting
was
appointed
;
in
which
it
was
firmly
agreed
,
That
the
King
should
Adopt
Prince
Henry
his
Heir
,
to
Succeed
him
in
the
Kingdom
and
other
his
Dominions
;
and
in
lieu
thereof
,
he
should
quietly
enjoy
the
Crown
during
the
Term
of
his
Natural
Life
;
which
being
Signed
and
Sworn
to
,
all
Hostilities
ceased
,
and
Henry
was
sent
to
suppress
the
Rebellion
in
Normandy
,
and
oppose
the
intruding
French
,
where
in
his
Young
Years
he
shewed
himself
an
expert
General
and
Souldier
,
in
driving
the
Frenchmen
out
of
the
Garrisons
,
and
Castles
they
had
taken
;
but
whilst
he
was
busied
in
the
Wars
Abroad
,
King
Stephen
fell
Sick
of
the
Iliack
Passion
,
and
Dyed
in
the
Monastery
of
Monks
at
Dover
.
This
Stephen
was
King
of
England
and
Duke
of
Normandy
,
the
third
Son
of
Stephen
Earl
of
Bloyce
by
Adilicia
,
or
Alice
.
He
began
his
Reign
on
Monday
the
Second
of
December
,
Anno
Dom.
1135
,
and
Reigned
18
Years
,
10
Months
,
and
20
Days
;
being
the
24th
Sole
Monarch
of
England
.
He
was
Buried
at
Feversham
in
Kent
,
in
an
Abby
of
his
own
Founding
.
In
his
Reign
,
Anno
1136
,
a
Fire
began
at
London-Stone
,
and
consumed
all
before
it
thence
Eastward
,
as
far
as
Aldgate
,
and
Westward
to
St.
Paul's
Church
;
and
the
next
Year
Rochester
was
destroyed
by
Fire
:
And
in
the
Third
Year
of
his
Reign
St.
Martin's
Church
without
the
Walls
,
and
the
Hospital
,
with
Thirty
Nine
Houses
,
and
much
Riches
,
were
Burnt
.
In
the
Last
Year
of
his
Reign
,
a
little
before
his
Death
,
appeared
a
plain
sign
of
a
Cross
in
the
Moon
.
Remarks
on
the
County
of
Norfolk
,
&c.
THis
County
is
pleasantly
Situated
,
and
receives
many
Advantages
by
lying
so
commodiously
open
to
Sea
,
which
Bounds
it
on
the
North-East
,
and
part
of
the
West
;
on
the
South
,
it
is
Bounded
by
Suffolk
;
and
the
remaining
part
of
the
West
,
by
Cambridgshire
.
It
produces
plenty
of
Butter
,
Cheese
,
large
Cattle
,
Corn
,
Wooll
,
Deer
,
Coneys
;
Sheep
,
and
store
of
Woollen
Manufacture
.
It
has
in
it
one
City
,
viz
,
Norwich
,
a
Bishops
See
,
it
is
divided
into
31
Hundreds
,
containing
660
Parishes
,
33
Market
Towns
,
and
3
Rivers
of
note
,
the
River
Y
ar
(
from
which
Yarmouth
takes
its
Name
)
being
the
Principal
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
12
;
Norwich
2
,
Thetford
2
,
Yarmouth
2
,
Lynn-Regis
2
,
Castle-Rising
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
Yarmouth
lies
advantagiously
on
the
North
side
the
River
Y
ar
,
and
has
great
Trade
by
Shipping
;
it
was
Founded
by
the
Danes
,
the
better
to
favour
their
Landing
,
when
they
Invaded
this
Island
,
and
has
been
often
Graced
with
the
Presence
of
many
Kings
and
Princes
,
as
William
the
Conquerer
,
who
Fortefied
it
,
Henry
the
Second
,
and
Queen
Elizabeth
.
Norwich
,
the
Antient
Venta
of
the
Romans
,
is
a
City
of
great
Antiquity
,
often
Sacked
and
Burnt
by
the
Danes
,
especially
it
was
levelled
to
the
Ground
by
them
Anno
1004.
It
suffered
much
in
the
Conquerers
time
,
for
siding
with
Earl
Randdulph
.
The
Cathedral
was
Founded
by
one
Herbert
,
who
Translated
the
Bishoprick
from
Thetford
to
Norwich
,
and
was
the
first
Bishop
of
Norwich
.
This
City
Imploys
Thousands
of
People
in
the
Woollen
Manufacture
,
in
making
Stuffs
,
Bays
,
Says
,
Serges
,
Stockings
,
&c.
Thetford
,
the
Antient
Stigomagus
of
the
Romans
,
was
the
principal
seat
of
the
Saxon
East-Angle
Kings
,
where
King
Edmund
the
Martyr
was
Overthrown
by
the
Danes
.
NORFOLK
map of Norfolk
Lynn
is
a
pleasant
Sea-Port
Town
,
honoured
with
the
Gift
of
a
Rich
Cup
by
King
John
;
and
their
Charter
was
enlarged
by
Henry
the
Third
,
for
their
good
service
against
the
Outlaw'd
Barons
,
and
other
Priviledges
were
added
in
Henry
the
Eighth's
time
,
the
Name
being
changed
from
Lynn-Episcopi
,
to
Lynn-Regis
.
Elmham
was
Antiently
the
Bishops
See
,
but
it
was
Translated
thence
to
Thetford
,
and
thence
to
Norwich
,
where
it
now
remains
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Dukes-Place
,
belonging
to
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
;
Oxnead-Hall
and
Paston-Hall
,
to
the
Earl
of
Yarmouth
;
Reynam-Hall
and
Stif-key-Hall
,
to
the
Lord
Viscount
Towusend
;
Castle-Rising
,
to
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
;
Norwich-Palace
and
Ludham-Hall
,
to
the
Bishop
of
the
Diocess
.
Besides
divers
sightly
Houses
of
the
Gentry
.
The
Reign
of
King
HENRY
the
Second
,
commonly
called
Henry
Fitz-Empress
.
AT
the
time
when
King
Stephen
Dyed
,
Henry
was
in
Normandy
,
Besieging
a
strong
Castle
the
French
had
a
little
before
taken
by
Surprize
;
and
being
advised
by
some
Nobles
about
him
,
to
pass
over
for
England
,
and
leave
the
Siege
,
least
another
in
his
Absence
might
step
into
the
Throne
,
as
before
had
happened
;
he
made
a
Reply
full
of
Discretion
and
true
Valour
,
to
this
effect
:
The
Kingdom
of
England
shall
henceforth
be
at
my
Command
,
in
despight
of
those
that
dare
to
cross
me
most
;
and
so
shall
these
Intruding
Frenchmen
,
ere
I
raise
the
Siege
.
This
resolution
redoubled
his
honour
among
his
Friends
,
and
brought
fear
on
the
Enemy
;
for
when
they
knew
it
,
they
surrendered
the
Castle
,
and
submitted
themselves
to
his
Mercy
;
and
so
having
settled
Affairs
in
that
Dukedom
,
with
a
Noble
Train
of
Lords
and
Gentlemen
he
came
for
England
,
where
he
was
Crowned
three
times
,
viz.
By
Theobald
,
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
at
Westminster
;
Then
at
Lincoln
,
and
lastly
at
Worcester
:
He
chose
his
Council
of
the
Gravest
,
Wisest
,
and
most
Learned
Peers
,
and
made
Thomas
of
Becket
Chancelour
,
and
appointed
such
Judges
and
Learned
Men
in
the
Laws
,
by
Industry
and
Labour
,
to
Refine
them
;
That
the
Common
Laws
were
greatly
Mended
and
Improved
,
being
rendred
more
tolerable
and
profitable
to
the
People
;
and
after
this
,
he
divided
the
Kingdom
into
six
Circuits
;
and
for
the
better
administration
of
Justice
,
and
Trying
of
Causes
between
Subject
and
Subject
,
he
appointed
his
Judges
to
go
those
Circuits
twice
a
Year
;
which
Order
yet
continues
.
He
Banished
the
greatest
part
of
Strangers
,
who
in
those
days
by
multitudes
flocked
hither
;
and
by
their
extraordinary
Sparing
,
and
painful
Industry
,
procured
much
Wealth
,
and
Begger'd
the
Natives
.
He
Exiled
many
of
the
Nobles
,
who
contrary
to
their
Duties
had
adhered
to
King
Stephen
;
and
differing
much
from
the
Opinion
of
his
Predecessor
,
he
affirmed
that
strong
Castles
and
Forts
,
maintained
in
the
heart
of
the
Kingdom
,
did
rather
Animate
Great
Men
,
upon
any
displeasure
to
Revolt
,
than
Fear
them
into
Obedience
;
whereupon
he
caused
most
of
them
to
be
Razed
to
the
Ground
,
and
Seized
such
Mannors
,
Lordships
,
Possessions
,
as
his
Predecessors
had
either
Sold
or
Given
from
the
Crown
,
holding
it
to
be
the
Duty
of
every
Subject
to
refuse
the
Gift
or
Purchace
of
such
things
as
do
immediately
concern
the
Honour
and
Maintenance
of
a
King
.
And
the
like
he
did
in
the
Northern
Parts
,
where
many
Great
Men
Commanding
as
they
list
,
had
wrought
themselves
and
their
Posterity
into
many
Honours
,
Castles
,
Mannors
,
which
properly
appertained
to
the
Crown
.
He
likewise
took
into
his
hands
the
Provinces
of
Cumberland
,
Northumberland
,
and
the
Earldom
of
Huntingdon
,
which
David
King
of
Scots
,
and
Henry
his
Son
,
had
received
as
a
Gift
from
King
Stephen
,
to
favour
his
Wars
against
the
Empress
.
However
the
King
entered
into
Amity
with
Malcolm
King
of
Scots
,
upon
the
same
Conditions
as
were
Agreed
on
in
Henry
the
Firsts
time
;
and
in
Token
of
his
Subjection
,
the
Scot
Offered
his
Bonnet
and
Saddle
upon
St.
Peter's
Altar
at
York
:
And
about
this
time
,
Theobald
Dying
,
Becket
was
made
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
.
This
King
,
even
in
time
of
Peace
,
had
generally
an
Army
on
foot
,
and
rarely
kept
them
Idle
;
but
would
often
Transport
them
to
Normandy
,
and
there
having
Exercised
them
,
would
bring
them
back
again
,
so
that
on
all
occasions
they
were
found
ready
and
expert
Souldiers
.
And
now
an
advantage
opened
a
way
to
the
English
for
the
Conquest
of
Ireland
:
For
the
Eastern
part
along
the
Sea
being
possessed
by
Dormat-Mac-Mahur
King
of
Leinster
,
his
Cruelties
had
highly
incensed
his
Subjects
against
him
,
especially
upon
taking
away
the
Queen
of
Morice
,
King
of
Meath
;
so
that
the
Injured
King
Confederating
with
Roderick
O
Conor
King
of
Connought
,
they
beat
him
out
of
his
Country
;
so
that
he
fled
for
England
,
and
craved
Aid
of
King
Henry
to
Restore
him
;
which
upon
taking
an
Oath
of
Fidelity
and
Subjection
,
was
harkened
to
;
when
the
better
to
encourage
the
design
,
the
King
for
a
Sum
of
Money
obtained
leave
of
Pope
Adrian
,
an
Englishman
,
then
advanced
to
St.
Peter's
Chair
,
that
he
might
Conquer
Ireland
;
promising
moreover
throughly
to
Establish
the
Christian
Religion
therein
,
and
bring
it
to
an
acknowledgment
of
the
See
of
Rome
;
but
whilst
he
was
preparing
for
this
Expedition
;
new
Troubles
arose
in
Normandy
which
required
his
Presence
to
pacifie
;
but
he
granted
his
Letters
Patents
,
by
which
he
gave
leave
,
with
Encouragement
,
to
his
Nobles
and
such
others
as
were
willing
,
to
go
for
Ireland
.
Dormat
,
impatient
of
Exile
,
laid
hold
of
this
first
Advantage
,
and
Solicited
the
Nobles
,
but
above
all
,
he
promised
Richard
the
Kings
Son
,
a
Young
Prince
of
a
Warlike
Spirit
,
his
Daughter
,
a
very
Beautiful
Young
Lady
,
and
all
his
Countries
after
his
Decease
to
be
made
over
to
them
;
he
likewise
incited
one
Fitz
Stephens
,
who
with
a
Band
of
Valiant
Welshmen
was
the
first
that
Landed
,
and
maintained
his
Ground
with
much
Courage
,
till
the
Prince
and
divers
Nobles
came
over
;
and
with
little
trouble
they
seized
the
Town
of
Wexford
,
which
was
given
to
Fitz
Stephens
,
for
his
part
of
the
Charge
of
the
War
;
and
soon
after
many
of
the
petty
Irish
Kings
being
Overthrown
,
Dormat
was
Restored
,
and
Dublin
the
chief
City
,
Submitting
to
him
,
he
put
to
Death
,
by
many
Cruelties
,
such
of
his
Capital
Enemies
as
he
found
there
.
However
the
Prince
went
Conquering
on
,
and
Subdued
all
before
him
;
of
which
King
Henry
had
no
sooner
Notice
,
but
fearing
this
might
flush
Ambition
,
and
make
him
practice
with
his
own
Subjects
for
the
Crown
,
he
speedily
returned
to
England
,
and
sent
Mandates
Commanding
all
the
English
under
great
Penalties
to
return
;
rallying
the
Nobility
,
for
suffering
the
Prince
in
his
Absence
to
go
over
;
he
was
in
this
so
far
Obeyed
,
that
the
Prince
was
left
in
Dublin
with
a
small
Train
;
the
Irish
was
not
slow
in
taking
the
advantage
of
this
Retreat
,
and
therefore
Besieged
him
in
that
prime
City
with
an
Army
of
30000
Men
;
upon
which
he
Sally'd
with
about
1500
,
and
utterly
Routed
them
,
taking
great
Spoils
;
and
so
in
obedience
to
the
Kings
commands
,
returned
for
England
,
where
he
surrendered
into
his
Fathers
hands
all
the
Forts
and
Cities
he
had
taken
.
Anno
1172
the
King
Landed
in
Ireland
with
a
Royal
Army
,
and
found
Dormar
to
be
Dead
;
however
he
brought
such
a
Terror
on
the
Country
,
That
Roderick
,
and
most
of
the
other
Princes
submitted
to
him
,
intreating
him
to
take
the
Government
on
him
,
as
their
Supream
Lord
;
which
he
Accepted
,
with
their
Oaths
of
Fealty
,
and
at
Christmas
he
made
a
Royal
Feast
in
the
City
of
Dublin
to
the
Petty
Kings
,
and
most
of
the
Nobility
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
having
settled
the
Civil
and
Ecclesiastical
matters
,
reforming
Barbarities
and
Abuses
,
he
brought
those
that
held
out
in
Vlster
,
under
Subjection
;
and
so
returned
in
Triumph
to
London
.
Thus
was
Ireland
made
subject
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
and
has
so
continued
ever
since
,
being
a
very
spacious
Country
,
viz.
in
Length
303
Miles
,
in
Breadth
112
,
in
Circumference
948.
And
such
was
the
over-fondness
of
this
King
to
his
Eldest
Son
,
Henry
,
that
he
caused
him
and
his
Wife
Margaret
,
Daughter
to
Lewis
the
French
King
,
to
be
twice
sollemnly
Crowned
in
the
presence
of
his
People
,
himself
(
the
second
time
,
for
that
day
)
leaving
the
Title
of
King
,
and
serving
as
a
Servitor
at
his
Son's
Table
;
whereat
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
whispering
the
Young
Henry
in
the
Ear
,
said
,
Never
any
King
of
England
had
such
a
Sewer
at
his
Table
:
Nay
,
replied
the
Upstart
,
my
Father
need
not
think
it
any
dishonour
to
him
,
as
being
but
Royal
Born
on
one
side
,
when
I
had
both
a
King
to
my
Father
,
and
a
Queen
to
my
Mother
;
upon
this
the
old
King
shook
his
Head
,
and
whispered
the
Bishop
,
I
find
,
my
Lord
,
I
have
raised
the
Young
Man
too
soon
,
and
too
late
repent
of
it
:
And
from
that
time
he
laboured
to
suppress
the
Pride
of
his
Sons
,
which
made
them
often
Rebel
and
Conspire
with
his
Enemies
,
drawing
away
the
Hearts
of
many
of
his
Subjects
:
And
altho'
at
one
time
Lewis
the
French
King
,
Henry
,
Geoffry
and
John
,
three
of
his
Sons
,
joyned
with
Robert
Earl
of
Leicester
,
Hugh
Earl
of
Chester
,
and
William
King
of
Scots
,
against
him
;
yet
by
plain
Valour
he
Routed
them
,
and
made
his
Sons
,
and
others
that
were
his
Subjects
,
submit
to
his
Pardon
;
and
soon
after
his
Son
Henry
Dyed
,
in
the
flower
of
his
Age.
But
these
were
not
all
the
Kings
Troubles
,
for
he
was
grievously
pestered
with
the
stubbornness
of
Becket
,
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
:
For
upon
his
first
admittance
to
that
See
,
he
refused
to
take
the
Oath
for
observation
of
the
Articles
administred
to
the
Clergy
,
which
the
rest
of
the
Bishops
had
done
,
because
it
was
clearly
against
the
Popes
Authority
;
and
perceiving
the
King
much
displeased
at
his
refusal
,
he
resolved
to
set
the
Pope
on
his
Back
;
and
therefore
privately
withdrawing
himself
,
went
to
Rome
,
where
he
made
grievous
complaints
against
the
King
and
Clergy
of
England
,
to
Innocent
the
Second
;
upon
which
the
Pope
gave
him
the
Pall
,
and
appointed
him
Legate
;
so
upon
his
return
,
he
delivered
up
his
Chancelorship
and
Great
Seal
,
not
giving
the
King
,
or
any
other
,
an
account
why
he
did
so
.
These
Jars
between
the
King
and
the
Arch
Bishop
,
imboldened
the
Inferiour
Clergy
to
commit
many
Irregularities
,
for
which
they
received
but
small
punishment
;
for
if
they
committed
Murthers
,
Manslaughters
,
Fellonies
or
Robberie
,
being
Censured
by
Men
of
their
own
Profession
,
they
came
off
as
they
could
wish
;
so
that
the
Common
Wealth
being
sorely
oppressed
,
to
Redress
these
Grievances
,
the
King
found
himself
constrained
to
call
a
Parliament
:
In
which
that
Law
made
in
King
Stephens
Reign
,
which
exempted
the
Authority
of
Temporal
Judges
from
meddling
with
Ecclesiastical
Affaires
,
was
Repealed
;
and
the
Laws
held
in
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
First
,
and
other
the
Kings
Predecessors
,
Established
and
Inforced
,
being
commonly
called
Avitae
Legis
;
but
he
was
stoutly
opposed
in
his
Proceedings
by
Becket
and
some
other
Bishops
,
who
unadvisedly
made
themselves
partakers
of
his
Faction
;
but
after
many
Conferences
,
Disputes
and
Consultations
,
all
(
except
Becket
)
Ratified
and
Subscribed
those
newly
revived
Laws
;
but
he
by
no
means
would
do
it
,
unless
he
might
enter
this
Clause
,
[
Salvo
Ordine
suo
]
which
words
clearly
Annihilated
the
Life
and
Substance
of
those
Laws
;
but
the
Bishops
fearing
the
Kings
Anger
might
turn
to
their
great
disadvantage
,
at
last
prevailed
with
Becket
to
Swear
to
the
said
Laws
;
but
upon
another
Pet
taken
,
he
recanted
his
Oath
,
and
was
Absolved
by
the
Pope
:
Yet
it
nothing
daunted
the
King
,
but
rather
Irritated
him
to
Seiz
into
his
own
hands
all
such
Temporalities
as
he
had
formerly
given
to
the
Arch
Bishop
,
requiring
him
to
render
an
Account
of
30000
Marks
he
had
Imbezilled
during
his
being
Chancellor
.
But
the
Prelate
in
Answer
to
this
,
boldly
affirmed
the
King
had
freely
given
it
to
him
as
a
free
Gift
,
and
ought
not
in
Honour
or
Conscience
to
demand
it
back
.
Whereupon
all
the
Moveables
that
appertained
to
him
,
were
Seized
by
the
Kings
express
command
.
At
which
Becket
being
disgusted
,
he
went
to
Rome
,
without
the
Kings
License
;
and
the
King
perceiving
his
drift
was
to
incense
the
Pope
against
him
,
sent
his
Ambassadors
to
represent
his
perversness
,
and
evil
carriage
,
and
how
reasonable
things
were
,
he
had
imposed
on
him
;
entreating
the
Pope
to
divest
him
of
his
Dignity
,
and
he
would
provide
for
him
and
his
in
another
station
.
But
Becket
had
made
such
interest
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
That
the
Pope
not
only
refused
it
,
but
with
many
Threatnings
sent
two
Legates
To
Curse
the
King
and
all
his
People
,
unless
on
their
demands
Becket
were
immediatly
restored
to
his
Dignity
,
also
to
his
Lands
and
Moveables
that
were
Confiscated
;
and
in
the
mean
while
he
commended
him
to
the
Abbot
of
Pontynack
,
where
he
was
kindly
received
,
and
for
a
time
entertained
.
But
upon
the
Kings
Threats
,
that
unless
he
was
Expelled
the
House
,
that
he
would
leave
no
Monk
of
that
Order
in
France
,
he
was
dismissed
;
the
King
Commanding
,
That
without
his
License
no
Cardinal
nor
Legate
should
presume
to
set
Footing
in
England
,
and
hereupon
he
Banished
all
Beckets
Relations
,
which
much
grieved
him
,
yet
under-hand
he
was
encouraged
,
by
Lewis
the
French
King
,
resolutely
to
persist
in
his
Obstinacy
;
whereupon
King
Henry
,
to
put
an
end
to
this
difference
that
much
disturbed
the
Kingdom
,
Sailed
to
France
,
and
in
the
French
Kings
presence
,
Conferred
with
the
Arch
Bishop
,
making
him
an
Offer
,
That
if
he
would
take
the
Oath
again
,
and
subscribe
the
Instrument
Triparte
,
as
himself
and
the
Arch
Bishop
of
York
had
done
,
he
should
be
restored
to
his
Favour
,
and
enjoy
all
that
was
formerly
appertaining
to
him
,
and
his
Friends
recalled
from
Banishment
;
but
then
he
started
another
obstacle
,
consenting
to
do
it
,
if
it
might
be
with
an
exception
of
[
salvo
honore
Dei
.
]
This
more
angered
the
King
than
the
former
,
for
by
it
he
seemed
to
Object
the
Laws
made
tended
to
the
dishonour
of
God
;
and
if
so
,
consequently
were
void
in
themselves
,
bringing
a
scandal
upon
those
that
first
Instituted
them
,
and
also
upon
himself
and
the
Parliament
that
had
Revived
them
.
Whereupon
Becket
plainly
told
him
,
That
he
feared
none
but
God
;
and
since
his
Laws
were
derogatory
to
the
Antient
Customs
and
Priviledges
of
the
Church
,
and
Robbed
God
of
his
Honour
,
the
King
,
in
seeking
to
Establish
them
,
should
not
have
his
will
whilst
he
lived
.
And
upon
this
Disagreement
,
the
Pope
sent
two
Legates
to
Interdict
the
Kingdom
,
till
Becket
should
be
restored
to
his
Dignity
.
This
so
far
transported
the
King
with
Anger
,
(
being
then
in
Normandy
)
That
he
let
some
words
fall
in
his
Passion
,
which
being
taken
hold
on
by
some
of
his
Courtiers
,
who
mis-construed
the
Kings
meaning
,
it
proved
the
destruction
of
Becket
:
For
soon
after
having
leave
to
return
,
and
beginning
new
Troubles
in
Church
Matters
,
four
of
them
Slew
him
at
the
High
Altar
in
the
Cathedral
Church
of
Canterbury
,
and
with
him
two
or
three
Monks
that
endeavoured
his
Rescue
.
Thus
fell
this
troublesom
Prelate
,
who
rising
from
a
low
degree
,
his
Father
being
a
Londoner
,
and
his
Mother
a
Sarazen
,
in
his
Pride
contended
many
Years
with
a
Potent
King
,
and
brought
many
miseries
on
the
Kingdom
.
Afterward
he
was
Sainted
,
and
many
Superstitious
People
went
on
Pilgrimage
to
his
Tomb.
The
Pope
no
sooner
knew
his
Champion
was
fallen
,
but
he
Threatned
,
Cursed
and
Fulminated
,
yet
with
little
Terrour
.
However
,
to
make
himself
Easie
,
the
King
admitted
two
Cardinals
to
take
his
Purgation
,
who
allotted
his
Penance
,
when
he
had
denied
his
consenting
to
the
Murther
upon
Oath
,
to
War
three
Years
in
the
Holy
Land
;
(
which
he
Redeemed
,
by
Erecting
three
Religious
Houses
)
That
he
should
go
from
London
to
Canterbury
bare
Footed
to
visit
Beckets
Shrine
,
which
he
performed
,
and
suffered
himself
to
be
Scourged
by
the
Monks
with
Rods
on
his
Naked
Back
;
after
which
,
upon
his
sending
Presents
to
the
Pope
,
he
was
Absolved
.
During
the
Kings
being
thus
Abroad
his
Queen
had
caused
Rosamond
his
fair
Concubine
to
be
Poisoned
;
which
so
inraged
him
,
that
he
cast
her
into
Prison
,
and
would
be
prevailed
on
by
no
Intreaty
nor
Submission
to
release
her
during
his
Life
,
tho'
she
endured
many
Miseries
and
Hardships
in
her
confinement
;
till
at
length
she
was
set
at
Liberty
by
her
Son
Richard's
comming
to
the
Crown
,
as
will
more
at
large
appear
in
his
Reign
.
Doctor
Gilbert
Folliott
of
Oxford
,
however
hardly
the
Pope
had
used
the
King
,
nevertheless
perswaded
him
to
regulate
abuses
in
the
Clergy
,
and
curb
their
Pride
;
shewing
him
a
warrant
for
it
from
the
Word
of
God
,
and
the
Writings
of
Eminent
Fathers
of
the
Church
,
and
other
Good
and
Learned
Men
,
That
for
as
much
as
Kings
are
stiled
The
Nursing
Fathers
of
the
Church
:
It
is
their
Duty
to
God
to
see
it
well
Ordered
and
Governed
,
and
like
a
careful
Husbandman
suppress
and
keep
under
those
rank
Weeds
of
Error
that
would
over-top
and
choak
the
Corn
of
Truth
:
He
used
many
other
Reasons
and
Arguments
,
so
that
the
King
began
to
assume
his
Power
and
look
more
narrowly
into
their
Covetousness
,
Pride
,
and
the
Oppressions
they
laid
on
such
as
their
Jurisdiction
extended
over
in
Temporalities
;
wherein
he
abridged
and
cut
them
short
,
which
made
them
greivously
complain
that
the
King
hearkened
to
Persons
evilly
affected
to
the
Church
;
and
the
Pope
having
notice
,
who
had
advised
the
King
,
sent
many
Threats
and
Menaces
of
what
Mischief
he
would
do
in
England
,
if
he
did
not
put
him
out
of
his
Protection
;
which
he
had
no
sooner
done
,
but
the
Clergy
,
like
so
many
Harpies
,
grievously
Persecuted
him
,
till
they
made
him
Abjure
the
Land
;
but
this
being
contrary
to
the
Kings
pleasure
,
he
was
afterward
recalled
,
and
had
leave
to
live
a
private
Life
.
However
the
King
neglected
to
pay
the
Tribute
called
Peter-Pence
to
Rome
,
and
Garrisoned
his
Towns
in
Normandy
very
strongly
,
beating
out
the
encroaching
French
,
and
Enlarging
his
Borders
,
tho'
his
Sons
proved
still
troublesom
to
him
,
in
under-hand
siding
with
the
French
,
and
some
discontented
Normans
and
English
;
However
he
surmounted
all
Difficulties
,
till
in
Normandy
he
fell
Sick
,
of
a
Feaver
and
Dyed
at
Chinon
,
on
the
Sixth
of
July
,
Anno
Dom.
1189
,
when
he
had
Reigned
34
Years
,
8
Months
,
and
11
Days
.
He
was
Eldest
Son
to
Geoffery
Plantagenet
,
Earl
of
Anjou
,
Son
to
Foulk
King
of
Jerusalem
,
by
Maud
the
Empress
,
Eldest
Daughter
to
Henry
the
First
.
He
began
his
Reign
October
25
,
Anno
1154
;
and
Dying
(
as
is
said
)
was
Buried
at
Font-Everard
in
Normandy
.
He
is
accounted
a
Wise
,
Just
,
Learned
and
Valliant
Prince
;
and
tho'
he
little
burthened
his
Subjects
with
Taxes
,
considering
the
Wars
he
had
,
yet
he
left
in
his
Treasury
900000
Pounds
in
Coin
and
Plate
,
besides
Jewels
and
other
things
of
great
value
,
which
furnished
out
his
Son
Richard
for
the
Holy
War
.
As
for
his
fair
Concubine
,
whom
he
entirely
doted
on
,
he
caused
her
to
be
Buried
at
Godstow
,
near
Oxford
,
and
on
her
stately
Monument
placed
this
Epitaph
.
Hic
Jacet
in
Tumba
Rosamundi
non
Rosa
Munda
,
Non
Redolet
,
sed
olet
,
que
Redolere
Solet
.
And
may
be
Englished
thus
Within
this
Tomb
lies
the
World
's
chiefest
Rose
;
She
who
was
Sweet
will
now
offend
your
Nose
.
In
the
Fifth
Year
of
this
Kings
Reign
,
30
Persecuted
Waldenses
flying
their
Country
came
into
England
,
and
found
here
no
better
Entertainment
,
for
being
Pronounced
Heriticks
by
a
Convocation
of
Bishops
at
Oxford
,
the
King
strictly
Prohibited
his
Subjects
to
relieve
them
,
so
that
wandering
up
and
down
,
they
Dyed
with
Hunger
.
And
near
this
time
,
certain
Jews
Crucified
a
Child
at
Glocester
,
for
which
20
of
them
were
Hanged
,
and
many
Banished
.
Anno
1163
,
one
Peter
,
Priest
of
Cole-Church
,
was
at
the
Charge
of
Building
London-Bridge
a
New
,
with
Timber
.
In
the
20th
Year
of
this
Kings
Reign
Leicester
was
Burnt
by
his
command
,
the
Walls
and
Castle
Razed
,
and
the
Inhabitants
dispersed
,
for
adhering
to
his
Enemies
.
The
same
Year
Christ-Church
in
Canterbury
was
burned
,
and
six
Years
after
the
City
of
York
was
Burned
;
and
1185
,
the
Abby
of
Glasenbury
was
consumed
by
Lightening
;
and
the
next
Year
a
terrible
Earthquake
happening
threw
down
many
Buildings
,
and
rent
in
pieces
the
Cathederal
Church
of
Lincoln
,
Chichester
was
also
Burnt
.
Near
Orford
in
Suffolk
,
a
Monstrous
Fish
was
taken
,
having
the
shape
of
a
Man
upwards
,
and
was
kept
a
long
time
by
the
Governour
in
the
Castle
,
Eating
Raw
Flesh
and
Fish
greedily
;
but
at
last
it
got
away
by
the
breaking
of
a
Sluce
,
and
was
carried
to
the
Sea
again
;
and
People
were
perswaded
if
it
could
have
been
made
to
Speak
,
it
might
have
told
many
wonderful
things
.
Remarks
on
Notinghamshire
,
&c.
NOTTINGHAM
SHIRE
.
map of Nottinghamshire
It
contains
8
Hundreds
,
divided
into
168
Parishes
,
as
also
8
Market
Towns
;
and
is
Watered
with
21
great
and
small
Rivers
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
8
,
viz.
East
Retford
2
,
Newark
2
,
Notingham
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
Newark
,
in
this
County
,
is
pleasantly
seated
on
the
River
Trent
,
thence
called
Newark
upon
Trent
,
to
distinguish
it
:
At
Swinstead
Abby
in
this
place
,
King
John
was
Poisoned
by
a
Monk
,
and
over
the
River
there
is
a
very
fine
Bridge
.
Notingham
is
pleasantly
seated
on
a
branch
of
the
same
River
,
incompassed
with
pleasant
Fields
and
Groves
.
It
s
Castle
was
kept
by
the
Danes
against
Burthred
King
of
Mercia
,
also
against
Ethelred
and
Alfred
,
two
other
Saxon
Kings
.
At
Stoke
near
Newark
,
Lambert
Symnel
in
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
Seventh
was
utterly
Defeated
,
and
his
upholders
,
John
D'
La
Pool
Earl
of
Lincoln
,
Thomas
Garadine
Chancelour
of
Ireland
,
Francis
Lord
Lovel
,
and
others
,
were
Slain
,
with
4000
Common
Soldiers
,
and
Symnel
taken
Prisoner
,
June
16
,
Anno
Dom.
1487.
At
Mansfield
was
Born
the
first
Earl
Mansfield
in
Germany
,
now
a
famous
Family
in
the
Empire
,
said
to
be
one
of
King
Arthurs
Round
Table
Knights
:
Blythe
is
a
pleasant
Town
situate
on
the
River
Idle
.
Besides
these
of
Note
and
Antiquity
are
Hoverham
,
Retford
,
Worksop
,
and
Southwell
.
In
this
County
is
the
much
noted
Forrest
of
Shirwood
,
where
Robin
Hood
held
his
chief
Residence
,
and
in
it
are
bred
a
great
many
of
those
Hares
called
the
Laner
.
In
this
County
they
digg
a
soft
Stone
,
which
Burnt
makes
a
Plaister
for
Flooring
their
upper-Rooms
,
which
dry'd
is
harder
than
Plaister
of
Paris
.
About
Worksop
grows
store
of
Liquorice
.
The
County
contains
many
Parks
full
of
Deer
;
The
Rivers
,
Meers
,
and
Ponds
are
stored
with
Fish
,
and
at
the
Season
there
is
plenty
of
Wild-Fowl
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Worksop
,
belonging
to
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
;
Welbeck
Abby
and
Notingham
Castle
,
to
the
late
Earl
of
Newcastle
;
Holm
Pierepont
,
to
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
;
Rufford
,
to
the
Marques
of
Hallifax
;
Houghton
and
Chare-House
,
to
the
Earl
of
Clare
;
Shelford
,
to
the
Earl
of
Chesterfield
;
Bestwood
,
to
the
Earl
of
Burford
;
Newsted
Abby
,
Bulvel
Park
,
and
Linby
,
to
the
Lord
Rochdale
;
Averham
and
Killham
,
to
the
Lord
Lexington
,
besides
divers
pleasant
Seats
of
the
Gentry
,
&c.
The
Reign
of
King
RICHARD
the
First
.
RICHARD
,
the
Eldest
Son
living
of
Henry
the
Second
,
was
in
Normanay
at
the
time
his
Father
Dyed
there
,
and
could
not
come
over
so
soon
as
was
expected
,
by
reason
that
Country
remained
unsettled
by
Intestine
Wars
,
and
some
Factions
the
French
had
made
at
a
great
Expence
,
to
keep
it
so
;
which
required
necessarily
his
presence
.
However
he
sent
over
speedy
orders
for
the
Releasment
of
Queen
Elianor
his
Mother
,
who
had
endured
a
long
and
hard
Imprisonment
by
the
strict
command
of
King
Henry
,
who
would
not
forgive
her
at
his
Death
,
because
she
had
Poisoned
Rosamond
,
his
fair
and
much
beloved
Concubine
;
and
after
her
Releasment
she
was
by
King
Richard
appointed
Regent
of
England
till
his
Return
.
And
then
,
by
reason
her
own
Experience
had
informed
her
what
hardships
those
endured
who
Languished
under
Confinement
,
she
caused
to
be
set
at
Liberty
all
such
as
were
in
Prison
for
ordinary
Offences
,
or
small
Debts
.
The
latter
she
Paid
,
that
the
Subjects
should
be
no
Loosers
by
her
commiseration
,
and
Administred
the
Government
Prudently
,
with
much
Moderation
,
Integrity
and
Justice
.
The
King
at
length
coming
over
with
a
splendid
Train
of
Nobility
,
was
received
with
great
Joy
of
the
People
,
and
puting
an
end
to
the
Queen
Dowager's
Regency
,
was
Crowned
by
Baldwin
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
Swore
to
keep
several
Articles
administered
to
him
by
the
Nobles
,
to
the
Ease
and
great
Advantage
of
his
Subjects
,
freeing
all
that
were
in
Prison
for
Offences
against
the
Crown
,
and
such
others
as
(
without
injustice
done
to
his
Subjects
)
he
could
acquit
;
and
in
the
whole
course
of
his
Government
so
provided
,
that
Mercy
with
Justice
might
extend
to
all
;
and
finding
his
Brother
John
of
a
Turbulent
Spirit
,
he
heaped
many
Honours
and
Promotions
on
him
,
thereby
to
satisfie
him
,
and
alay
his
thirst
of
aspiring
;
viz.
He
Created
him
Earl
of
Lancaster
,
and
gave
him
the
Counties
of
Notingham
,
Devon
,
and
Cornwal
,
Married
him
to
the
sole
Daughter
and
Heiress
of
the
Earl
of
Glocester
,
by
which
means
he
obtained
the
Lordship
of
that
County
.
But
these
great
Favours
and
Donations
answered
not
the
Kings
expectations
,
for
when
he
had
showered
on
him
such
Bounties
,
he
found
him
by
his
practices
reaching
at
the
Crown
,
as
much
relying
on
a
Faction
at
home
,
and
the
promises
of
the
French
to
assist
him
,
when
need
required
it
:
It
being
a
Policy
of
theirs
to
divert
King
Richard
,
(
whom
all
Historians
allow
to
be
a
Valiant
and
Warlike
Prince
)
from
Warring
on
France
,
in
Reparation
of
the
many
Injuries
his
Subjects
in
Normandy
had
Sustained
by
the
Inroads
they
had
frequently
made
.
However
,
the
King
mildly
reproving
his
Brother
,
and
shewing
him
his
Ingratitude
,
to
nurture
such
Designs
,
also
the
Guilt
and
Danger
he
would
incur
,
he
made
many
Excuses
and
Protestations
he
had
no
such
Designs
as
had
been
suggested
of
him
,
and
they
were
both
his
and
the
Kings
Enemies
who
had
spread
those
reports
to
set
them
at
variance
.
These
and
his
renewed
Protestations
of
Loyalty
and
Obedience
,
resolving
to
live
quiet
,
and
contribute
all
he
could
to
the
Advantage
of
the
Commonweal
,
prevailed
with
the
King
to
accept
of
his
Submission
,
and
have
a
good
opinion
of
his
Fidelity
;
and
the
King
,
as
an
Expiation
for
the
Offences
himself
had
committed
against
Henry
his
Father
,
making
a
Vow
to
accompany
the
other
Christian
Princes
for
the
Recovery
of
the
Holy
Land
from
the
Turks
,
and
other
Infidels
,
who
grievously
Oppressed
the
Asian
Christians
,
he
the
more
easily
winked
at
what
he
had
plainly
seen
;
so
that
a
Reconcilement
being
made
,
the
Kings
thoughts
were
wholly
taken
up
with
his
intended
Expedition
;
but
having
Lavished
away
the
vast
Treasure
his
Father
left
in
large
Donations
,
he
found
Money
was
wanting
to
furnish
him
out
with
such
an
Army
and
Equipage
as
might
stand
with
his
Honour
.
He
had
been
Solicited
,
besides
his
own
Inclinations
,
by
the
Pope
,
to
this
Undertaking
,
with
many
promised
Blessings
,
(
as
others
had
been
)
if
by
their
Arms
they
Regained
the
Holy
City
Jerusalem
from
the
Infidels
;
yet
to
raise
Money
he
refused
to
Levy
any
Taxes
on
his
Subjects
,
but
Sold
his
Castles
of
Barwick
and
Roxborough
to
the
King
of
Scots
,
for
10000
Pounds
;
the
Lordship
and
Earldom
of
Durham
to
Hugh
,
then
Bishop
of
the
See
,
for
16000
Pounds
,
as
also
Honours
,
Lordships
,
Mannors
,
Priviledges
,
Royalties
and
Crown-Lands
upon
other
Grants
and
Tenures
,
to
divers
of
his
Subjects
for
much
Money
;
so
that
having
,
as
he
supposed
,
a
sufficient
Treasure
,
he
prepared
things
in
a
readiness
;
but
contrary
to
his
expectation
,
it
falling
short
,
he
borrowed
Sums
of
such
as
he
had
formerly
Liberally
bestowed
his
Bounties
on
,
protesting
that
for
the
performing
so
great
and
Honourable
a
service
,
he
was
not
unwilling
to
Sell
his
City
of
London
,
if
he
could
find
any
body
of
Ability
to
Purchase
it
,
rather
than
by
Taxes
he
would
Oppress
his
Subjects
.
In
this
Undertaking
,
at
the
Instance
and
earnest
Incitement
of
the
Pope
,
were
also
Engaged
Frederick
the
Emperer
,
Philip
the
Second
,
Sirnamed
Augustus
,
King
of
France
,
Leopold
Arch
Duke
of
Austria
,
and
many
other
Princes
;
so
that
a
gallant
Army
was
prepared
,
and
great
store
of
Treasure
.
With
these
King
Richard
entered
into
an
Agreement
that
their
General
Rendezvous
should
be
in
the
Island
of
Sicily
the
following
Spring
,
and
That
such
Wealth
and
Booty
as
God
and
good
Fortune
should
put
into
their
Possession
should
be
equally
divided
between
them
and
their
Forces
;
and
thus
every
thing
being
in
a
readiness
,
King
Richard
appointed
William
Langchamp
Bishop
of
Ely
,
Regent
,
in
his
Absence
;
and
soon
after
,
the
better
to
Establish
the
Bishops
Authority
among
the
Nobles
,
who
little
approved
him
,
the
Pope
appointed
him
his
Legate
in
England
;
and
so
early
in
the
Spring
,
the
King
with
about
30000
Men
at
Arms
,
with
divers
Nobles
and
Gentlemen
,
set
Sail
and
safely
arrived
in
the
Port
of
Messina
in
Sicily
,
whither
the
King
of
France
,
and
some
other
Princes
whose
Territories
lay
near
,
were
got
before
him
;
and
there
they
renewed
their
Resolves
not
to
Return
till
they
had
won
Jerusalem
;
but
this
fair
Sunshine
held
not
long
on
the
French
Kings
part
,
for
his
Army
being
exceeded
by
the
Gallantry
of
the
English
,
he
feared
they
would
win
from
him
the
Glory
of
the
Undertaking
,
which
his
Flatterers
had
told
him
would
redound
totally
to
his
Honour
,
and
the
lasting
Fame
of
the
French
Nation
;
so
that
clouds
of
discontent
appeared
on
his
Brows
,
and
in
a
little
time
he
gave
free
Reins
to
the
former
Displeasure
,
that
had
been
hushed
;
for
that
King
Richard
had
rejected
his
Sister
,
and
Married
the
Daughter
of
the
King
of
Navar
;
yet
as
well
as
he
could
he
dissembled
his
displeasure
,
seeing
the
Eyes
of
all
Christendom
were
fixed
on
this
Undertaking
;
and
without
the
apparent
loss
of
his
Honour
,
he
could
not
presently
draw
back
when
he
was
so
far
Engaged
;
and
so
weighing
Anchor
,
they
set
forward
with
a
fair
Gale
;
but
at
length
a
Storm
arising
,
the
English
Fleet
was
separated
from
the
rest
,
and
driven
on
the
Coast
of
the
pleasant
Island
of
Cyprus
,
where
some
of
his
Ships
putting
in
to
Repair
the
Dammage
they
had
received
at
Sea
,
divers
of
their
Marriners
upon
Landing
were
Slain
by
the
King
of
the
Island
's
command
,
who
professed
himself
a
Christian
and
well-wisher
to
this
Undertaking
;
this
so
much
transported
King
Richard
with
a
desire
of
chastizing
such
Inhospitality
and
Outrage
,
that
he
Tack'd
with
his
whole
Fleet
,
Landed
his
Army
on
the
Island
,
and
easily
Overthrew
the
King
and
took
him
Prisoner
,
carrying
him
along
with
him
Manacled
in
Silver
Chaines
to
Syria
;
and
having
secured
the
Island
to
his
Interest
,
by
leaving
a
Governour
and
Garisons
in
the
strong
Forts
,
he
Sailed
to
Ptolomais
,
which
place
he
had
News
the
Christians
had
Besieged
,
and
there
was
Joyfully
received
by
many
of
the
Princes
in
Leagre
;
and
having
a
day
or
two
refreshed
and
comforted
his
Forces
,
it
was
agreed
that
a
general
Assault
should
be
given
at
the
places
where
the
Battering
Rams
and
other
forcible
Engins
had
made
Breaches
in
the
Walls
;
which
was
so
hotly
carried
on
,
that
all
their
Out-works
were
won
in
a
few
Hours
;
whereupon
the
Garison
,
not
expecting
present
Relief
,
and
fearing
to
be
put
to
the
Sword
,
if
the
Town
was
taken
by
Storm
,
Surrendered
upon
Condition
they
might
safely
depart
thence
:
This
was
agreed
to
upon
their
leaving
5000
Hostages
till
a
great
Sum
of
Money
should
be
Paid
,
and
that
Saladine
the
Turkish
Sultan
,
should
deliver
up
such
Prisoners
as
he
had
taken
being
Christians
;
and
so
about
50000
Marched
out
,
many
of
them
almost
Starved
,
the
Famine
having
been
extream
among
them
.
No
sooner
they
had
vacated
the
City
,
but
the
Duke
of
Austria's
Standard
bearer
hasted
to
plant
his
Masters
Colours
on
the
Battelment
,
as
if
by
the
sole
Valour
of
the
Austrian
Arms
the
Place
had
been
Taken
;
which
indeed
had
the
least
share
in
the
Danger
:
This
so
highly
displeased
King
Richard
,
that
not
staying
to
Command
any
other
to
do
it
,
he
stept
on
the
Wall
,
and
plucking
down
those
Proud
Colours
,
trampled
them
under
his
Feet
:
This
put
the
Duke
into
a
great
chafe
,
which
made
him
afterward
Confederate
with
Lewis
the
Second
,
to
hinder
the
progress
of
Affairs
in
the
Holy
Land
,
that
King
Richard
might
not
carry
from
them
the
Glory
:
Yet
he
little
regarded
their
Anger
,
but
pursuing
this
success
,
gave
Saladine
Battel
not
far
from
this
City
,
and
Overthrew
him
with
incredible
Slaughter
,
having
the
execution
of
the
Enemy
for
many
Miles
,
so
that
the
Fields
and
Lanes
were
covered
with
their
dead
Bodies
;
and
thereupon
he
Marched
his
Army
towards
Jerusalem
,
being
chosen
General
by
the
Knights
Templars
and
most
of
the
Princes
.
But
in
the
midest
of
these
great
Designs
,
Mallice
thrust
in
to
hinder
the
progress
of
the
Christian
Arms
,
as
to
what
was
intended
to
be
done
,
for
the
Discontents
of
Lewis
and
the
Duke
of
Austria
more
and
more
growing
on
them
,
they
at
length
shewed
it
so
openly
as
to
withdraw
a
great
part
of
their
Forces
from
the
Army
;
and
the
former
pretending
want
of
Health
,
and
the
Climates
not
agreeing
with
him
,
Sailed
back
to
France
,
carrying
with
him
the
best
of
his
Forces
;
and
tho'
before
he
went
he
gave
his
Oath
,
at
the
earnest
Request
of
the
Popes
Legate
,
that
he
would
not
injure
King
Richards
Territories
neither
in
Normandy
nor
England
,
yet
soon
after
recalling
the
rest
of
his
Forces
,
with
them
went
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
whom
he
had
constituted
his
Lieutenant
General
in
Syria
:
He
did
make
War
against
Normandy
,
and
strove
to
raise
distractions
in
England
;
but
in
the
former
Attempt
he
was
mostly
worsted
,
yet
at
last
swept
away
some
small
Towns
and
Castles
;
and
in
the
latter
,
the
Threatnings
of
the
Popes
Curse
against
all
that
should
Rebel
in
England
,
prevented
his
Intrigues
in
a
great
measure
,
though
some
Commotions
happened
,
as
you
will
hear
in
the
sequel
.
Notwithstanding
thse
Disappointments
,
King
Richard
Wintered
his
Army
in
those
Towns
the
Sultan
had
Ruinated
in
his
Retreat
,
to
prevent
their
falling
into
the
hands
of
the
Christians
;
Rebuilding
and
Fortifying
those
that
were
most
commodious
,
resolving
in
the
Spring
to
lay
Siege
to
Jerusalem
;
but
when
his
Forces
were
drawn
into
the
Field
,
he
found
by
Sickness
,
and
many
that
had
Deserted
,
his
Army
was
so
wasted
that
he
was
not
able
to
undertake
it
.
The
Sultan
fearing
some
such
design
had
strongly
Garisoned
it
with
30000
Men
:
However
the
King
Marched
forward
,
and
took
by
the
way
divers
Castles
and
Fortresses
,
and
5000
Camels
Laden
with
Riches
from
Egypt
and
Arabia
,
which
much
Encouraged
his
Soldiers
,
as
being
mostly
distributed
amongst
them
:
When
one
day
Marching
,
a
Knight
climbing
up
a
high
Hill
,
came
hastily
to
the
King
,
and
told
him
from
thence
he
might
have
a
Prospect
of
Jerusalem
;
which
instead
of
Joy
,
drew
Tears
from
his
Eyes
,
when
lifting
up
his
Hands
he
passionately
said
,
O
Lord
,
I
beseech
thee
let
me
not
See
thy
Holy
City
,
since
by
the
Disappointments
I
have
met
with
,
I
am
not
able
to
Deliver
it
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Enemies
of
thy
Name
;
and
so
turning
aside
,
he
returned
to
Ptolomais
,
where
he
found
some
new
Adventurers
Arrived
,
when
Marching
cross
the
Country
,
and
Subduing
all
before
him
,
he
brought
such
a
Terrour
upon
the
People
,
that
his
very
Name
was
frightful
to
them
;
and
as
some
Historians
have
it
,
a
long
while
after
used
to
Bugbare
their
Children
with
it
,
when
they
cry'd
and
were
untoward
,
viz.
If
you
hold
not
your
peace
,
King
Richard
is
coming
,
and
will
have
you
;
which
had
such
effects
on
them
,
that
they
became
still
as
Lambs
.
However
finding
no
more
Forces
were
in
Europe
preparing
to
enable
him
to
take
Jerusalem
,
the
main
design
of
his
Preparations
,
having
private
notice
that
his
Brother
John
was
practicing
against
him
;
and
fearing
whilst
he
was
warring
abroad
,
he
might
lose
his
Kingdom
at
home
,
he
resolved
to
make
such
Conditions
with
the
Turkish
Sultan
,
as
might
be
best
for
the
Settlement
and
Peace
of
the
Christians
in
Syria
.
But
the
crafty
Infidel
being
very
sensible
of
the
weak
condition
the
Christian
Army
was
in
,
would
not
hearken
to
any
other
Terms
than
to
have
all
the
Towns
that
were
taken
,
Ptolomais
Excepted
,
surrendered
;
and
upon
that
condition
they
should
be
suffered
to
have
a
quiet
Enjoyment
of
their
Effects
,
and
to
Trade
in
the
Country
;
and
so
having
made
this
Agreement
,
and
Sold
the
Island
of
Cyprus
for
a
Sum
of
Money
to
Hugh
of
Lusingham
,
the
last
Christian
King
of
Jerusalem
,
though
at
that
time
but
in
Name
,
which
Title
he
confered
on
King
Richard
,
(
and
it
lasted
to
many
of
our
Kings
afterward
,
who
were
stiled
Kings
of
Jerusalem
)
he
Embarked
in
divers
Vessels
with
his
Queen
,
who
had
accompanied
him
in
that
dangerous
Voyage
,
and
Sailed
for
England
;
but
the
Ship
he
was
in
,
being
separated
from
the
rest
of
the
Fleet
in
a
Storm
,
was
driven
on
the
Coast
of
Histria
,
lying
between
Aquileia
and
Venice
,
where
he
was
Ship-Wrack'd
,
and
saving
his
Life
by
Swimming
,
was
made
Prisoner
,
and
presented
to
the
Duke
of
Austria
,
in
whose
Territories
he
Landed
;
but
the
Queen
,
who
was
in
another
Ship
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Fleet
,
came
safe
to
England
.
The
King
by
misfortune
thus
made
a
Prisoner
to
his
Enemy
,
whom
he
had
disgusted
by
throwing
down
his
Standard
,
as
is
said
,
was
Sold
by
him
for
40000
Pounds
to
the
Emperer
Frederick
,
who
set
his
Ransom
at
100000
Pounds
,
Fourscore
Thousand
of
which
was
raised
in
England
,
but
Duke
Leopold
was
constrained
to
Pay
the
other
Twenty
Thousand
Pounds
,
before
he
could
be
released
from
the
Popes
Curse
,
pronounced
against
him
for
making
a
Prince
his
Prisoner
,
who
for
the
honour
of
the
Christian
Name
,
had
Warred
Victoriously
in
the
Holy
Land
:
So
that
after
almost
a
Years
Imprisonment
,
the
King
was
set
at
Liberty
;
of
which
Lewis
the
French
King
had
no
sooner
notice
,
but
be
sent
John
the
Kings
Brother
word
,
The
Devil
was
got
loose
again
.
However
he
did
not
immediately
return
to
England
,
but
went
to
Normandy
,
and
with
the
Terror
of
his
coming
frighted
the
French
out
of
many
strong
holds
they
had
taken
in
his
absence
;
then
raising
a
puissant
Army
,
he
entered
France
,
wasting
all
before
him
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
reducing
to
his
Subjection
all
such
places
as
had
been
taken
,
and
made
the
Rebellious
Norman
Peers
,
who
had
engaged
in
the
French
Faction
,
prostrate
themselves
before
him
,
whose
humble
Submission
he
accepted
,
and
accordingly
Pardoned
them
,
on
promises
of
future
Obedience
and
Fidelity
.
Let
me
now
speak
of
something
that
happened
Remarkable
in
England
during
the
Kings
absence
:
I
told
you
he
had
left
the
Bishop
of
Ely
Regent
;
This
Man
being
of
mean
Parentage
,
his
Grandfather
a
Plowman
,
and
himself
the
Son
of
a
Cowheard
,
soon
forgot
his
Original
,
(
as
such
mostly
do
who
are
raised
from
a
low
Estate
to
high
Promotion
)
and
grew
so
Insolently
Proud
,
that
he
would
not
Ride
abroad
without
a
Guard
of
500
Men
to
attend
him
,
his
Table
was
exceeding
Expensive
on
the
Publick
Cost
,
and
his
Insolencies
over
all
sorts
(
as
well
the
Clergy
as
Laiety
)
was
so
great
,
that
he
soon
procured
himself
a
Universal
Hatred
,
yet
a
while
he
Proudly
spread
his
Peacocks
Train
,
being
Served
at
his
Table
,
and
every
where
Waited
on
by
the
Sons
of
Noblemen
,
to
whom
he
gave
in
Marriage
(
with
some
Portion
and
Preferment
)
divers
of
his
Rustick
Kindred
,
thinking
thereby
to
strengthen
his
Interest
;
but
this
proved
to
him
a
broken
Reed
,
for
finding
he
was
generally
hated
by
the
Nobles
and
Commons
,
to
shun
the
storm
that
threatened
him
with
some
violent
End
,
he
sewed
up
many
Jewels
and
some
Gold
in
the
Garments
of
a
Pedlar
Woman
,
and
Disguised
in
that
Habit
resolved
to
leave
the
Land
,
carrying
under
his
Arm
a
piece
of
Country
Cloath
,
which
he
offering
to
sale
at
Dover
,
was
Discovered
,
and
Seized
,
suffering
much
outrage
from
the
Common
People
;
and
being
sent
to
London
,
the
Lords
Committed
him
to
the
Tower
,
where
he
remained
till
the
Kings
return
;
who
not
only
released
him
,
but
restored
him
to
his
Bishoprick
;
yet
having
seen
the
folly
of
his
Pride
,
he
grew
more
Humble
,
and
shortly
after
Travelling
to
Rome
Dyed
by
the
way
,
unlamented
by
all
that
had
known
his
former
carriage
.
The
Queen-Mother
,
in
the
Kings
absence
,
perceiving
her
Son
John's
aspiring
,
who
had
a
hand
in
bringing
the
Bishop
of
Ely
into
Disgrace
,
and
Outing
him
,
made
a
strong
Party
of
her
Friends
,
as
soon
as
she
heard
King
Richard
was
a
Prisoner
,
compelling
the
Nobles
,
and
such
others
as
were
in
Offices
and
Trusts
,
to
Swear
to
be
True
to
him
,
and
Conserve
the
Realm
to
his
use
and
behoof
;
and
John
hearing
he
was
Released
,
and
in
Normandy
,
hasted
to
excuse
himself
,
submitting
to
his
Grace
and
Mercy
,
voluntarily
surrendering
all
the
Forts
and
Castles
he
had
Seized
into
his
hands
,
saying
,
What
●e
had
done
he
was
provoked
to
do
by
the
Extraordinary
Pride
and
Insolent
Behaviour
of
the
Bishop
of
Ely
,
who
unworthily
had
disordered
the
Government
of
the
Realm
,
and
particularly
for
the
Outrages
he
had
committed
on
the
Person
of
Jeffery
Arch Bishop
of
York
,
the
Kings
Brother
:
Yet
by
the
Peers
he
was
Condemned
in
the
Forfeiture
of
his
Goods
,
Estate
and
Honours
,
but
not
long
after
received
them
again
,
and
was
restored
to
the
Kings
Favour
,
and
came
with
him
to
England
,
where
the
King
at
his
Landing
was
Joyfully
received
by
Hubert
,
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
most
of
the
Nobles
;
causing
himself
a
second
time
to
be
Crowned
,
and
the
Coronation
Solemnity
was
performed
at
Winchester
.
Then
he
made
a
new
Broad-Seal
,
by
which
device
he
got
much
Money
out
of
his
Subjects
,
who
were
obliged
to
have
their
Patents
,
Royal
Grants
for
Offices
,
and
other
Evidences
,
new
Sealed
;
the
former
being
declared
null
and
void
.
And
yet
this
not
sufficing
to
put
the
Kingdom
in
a
good
Settlement
,
pay
his
Soldiers
Arrears
,
and
repay
the
Money
that
had
been
taken
upon
trust
for
his
Ransom
,
the
Treasuries
of
Religious
Houses
were
ransacked
;
and
a
Parliament
being
called
,
he
was
allowed
to
reassume
into
his
hands
such
Mannors
,
Lordships
,
Lands
and
Offices
as
had
been
disposed
of
at
his
setting
out
to
the
Holy
War
,
for
Ready
Money
;
so
that
the
Purchasers
were
enforced
to
content
themselves
with
the
Profits
they
had
Received
,
in
lieve
of
the
Money
they
had
Paid
.
After
this
,
as
the
King
was
at
Dinner
,
in
his
Palace
of
Westminster
,
News
came
to
him
that
the
French
had
Besieged
Nerville
in
Normandy
,
upon
which
,
in
a
great
Passion
he
Swore
He
would
never
turn
his
back
till
he
had
got
thither
with
his
Army
;
and
to
save
his
Oath
,
a
place
by
order
was
immediatly
broken
in
the
Wall
through
which
he
passed
,
the
breach
heing
left
open
above
a
hundred
Years
afterward
,
in
Remembrance
of
it
;
and
his
Arrival
so
terrified
the
French
,
That
they
no
sooner
heard
of
his
Landing
,
but
they
raised
the
Siege
:
Yet
pursuing
this
Advantage
,
he
gave
a
mighty
Army
of
them
Battel
near
Gysors
,
slaying
great
numbers
,
and
putting
the
rest
to
Flight
,
he
not
having
half
their
number
:
Whereupon
said
he
,
Not
we
,
but
Dieu
Et
Mondroit
,
that
is
,
God
and
our
Right
,
hath
obtained
this
Victory
.
After
which
,
the
Kings
of
England
made
it
their
Motto
under
their
Arms
;
and
so
he
prosecuting
this
Victory
,
took
many
Towns
.
But
in
the
midest
of
his
Success
,
Pope
Innocent
the
Third
Interceding
,
a
Peace
was
concluded
between
the
two
Crowns
;
but
it
held
not
long
,
for
the
French
giving
new
provocations
,
he
passed
the
Seas
again
with
a
powerful
Army
,
when
closely
Besieging
the
Castle
of
Challons
near
to
Lymois
,
as
he
took
a
private
view
,
he
was
descried
and
known
by
a
common
Soldier
,
who
Shooting
at
him
with
a
square
impoisoned
Arrow
out
of
a
Steel
Bow
,
grievously
Wounded
him
in
the
Arm
;
yet
he
took
the
Castle
by
Storm
,
and
caused
all
he
found
therein
to
be
Slain
,
except
the
Person
who
wounded
him
,
who
being
brought
before
him
,
and
demanded
how
he
durst
shoot
a
Poisoned
Arrow
at
the
King
?
The
Fellow
(
who
expected
he
was
reserved
for
Death
by
Cruel
Torments
)
seemed
not
at
all
daunted
,
but
boldly
reply'd
,
That
in
the
War
he
had
lest
his
Father
and
his
Brother
,
and
was
exceeding
glad
Fortune
had
so
well
assisted
him
,
in
Revenging
their
Deaths
.
Upon
this
resolute
Answer
,
the
King
(
much
contrary
to
the
expectation
not
only
of
the
Prisoner
,
but
all
the
rest
)
freely
Pardoned
him
,
and
caused
him
to
be
led
out
of
the
Army
,
to
avoid
the
violence
of
the
Soldiers
towards
a
Person
who
had
Slain
their
King
;
for
indeed
he
Dyed
within
three
days
after
,
viz.
the
6th
of
April
Anno
Dom.
1199.
This
King
Richard
began
his
Reign
Anno
Dom.
1189
,
and
Reigned
9
Years
and
9
Months
,
Dying
in
the
42
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
was
Buried
at
Font-Everard
in
Normandy
,
at
his
Fathers
Feet
,
as
himself
had
directed
.
He
was
,
for
his
surpassing
Valour
,
called
Ceur
de
Leon
,
or
Lions-Heart
,
fearing
no
danger
,
where
the
attempt
was
Honourable
.
In
his
Reign
the
Jews
were
Banished
out
of
Norwich
,
St.
Edmunds-Bury
,
Stamford
,
Lyn
and
York
;
in
which
last
place
about
500
of
them
,
besides
Women
and
Children
,
entered
a
Tower
of
the
Castle
and
when
they
found
themselves
hard
pressed
by
a
Siege
,
they
cut
the
Throats
of
their
Wives
and
Children
,
and
cast
them
on
the
Heads
of
the
Besiegers
;
then
in
a
desperate
mood
,
Fired
the
Tower
,
and
Burnt
themselves
in
it
,
tho'
Quarter
was
offered
if
they
would
have
Surrendered
.
NORTHUMBERLAND
.
map of Northumberland
Remarks
on
the
County
of
Northumberland
.
THis
Northern
County
,
the
Extremity
of
England
,
is
Bounded
on
the
North
and
part
of
the
West
with
Scotland
,
another
part
of
the
West
with
Cumberland
,
on
the
South
with
part
of
Cumberland
and
the
Bishoprick
of
Durham
,
and
on
the
East
with
the
German
Ocean
.
In
many
Parts
there
is
Plenty
of
good
Corn
,
it
produces
a
profitable
Breed
of
Cattle
,
has
in
it
many
pleasant
Gardens
,
Orchards
,
Parks
,
Hare
,
and
Coney
Warrens
;
on
the
Western
side
it
is
somewhat
incommoded
with
Hills
,
but
otherwise
produces
Plains
,
Inclosures
,
Meadows
,
Woods
,
tho'
not
many
.
It
contains
46
Parishes
,
5
Market
Towns
,
and
is
branched
with
21
Rivers
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
8
,
viz.
Berwick
upon
Tweed
2
,
Morpeth
2
,
New-Castle
on
Tine
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
This
County
was
the
Antient
Northumbrian
Kingdom
of
the
Saxons
,
and
suffered
much
by
lying
so
near
the
borders
of
Scotland
;
especially
when
the
Scots
utterly
destroy'd
the
Pictish
Kingdom
,
that
had
for
some
time
screened
them
from
the
Incroachment
of
that
Northern
Nation
.
At
a
Place
called
Otterburn
,
a
great
Battle
was
Fought
between
the
English
and
Scots
.
Alnwick
is
of
note
for
the
mighty
Victories
the
English
gained
over
the
Scots
,
and
being
the
usual
Seat
of
the
Northumbrian
Kings
;
and
lately
of
many
of
the
Noble
Earls
of
Northumberland
.
At
Emildon
,
Duns
,
Sirnamed
Scotus
,
was
Born
;
a
Person
of
great
Wit
and
Subtilty
in
School
Philosophy
.
Berwick
is
pleasantly
situate
on
the
Tweed
,
looking
a
great
way
from
its
lofty
Turrets
into
both
Kingdoms
,
and
is
fam
us
for
the
many
Sieges
it
has
held
out
against
the
Scots
in
divers
Kings
Reigns
.
Newcastle
is
pleasantly
seated
on
the
River
Tine
,
that
branches
all
the
Southern
part
of
this
County
,
and
produces
store
of
Salmon
,
as
dos
also
the
River
Bywel
.
Newcastle
is
also
famous
for
furnishing
the
City
of
London
with
Coals
brought
thence
by
Sea
,
and
therefore
commonly
called
Sea-Coals
;
which
Trade
is
also
a
great
Nursery
for
Seamen
.
Vpon
the
Hills
near
North-Tine
,
tho'
Boggy
and
full
of
Water
,
there
are
great
heaps
of
Stones
,
which
some
take
as
a
Monument
of
a
Roman
,
British
,
or
Saxon
Victory
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Ogle
Castle
,
Bothat
Castle
,
Heple
Tower
,
belonging
to
the
Noble
Family
of
the
Duke
of
Newcastle
;
Prudhoe
Castle
,
to
the
Duke
of
Summerset
;
Wark
Castle
,
Chillingham
Castle
,
Dunstaburg
Castle
,
and
Horton
Castle
,
to
the
Lord
Grey
of
Wark
;
Widerington
Castle
,
to
the
Lord
Widerington
;
and
some
Houses
there
are
of
the
Gentry
very
Beautiful
,
and
pleasantly
Situate
;
especially
on
the
East
side
,
with
a
curious
Prospect
to
the
Sea
;
by
means
of
whose
Washing
its
Shoars
,
this
County
receives
great
Benefit
.
The
Reign
of
King
JOHN
.
RICHARD
the
First
Dying
in
Normandy
,
and
Buried
at
Font-Everard
,
his
Brother
John
Earl
of
Lancaster
by
his
own
Right
,
and
of
Glocester
in
Right
of
his
Wife
,
having
long
aspired
to
the
Crown
,
thought
this
was
his
time
to
push
hard
for
it
,
although
Arthur
Plantaginet
,
Son
to
Geoffery
his
Elder
Brother
,
was
Living
;
and
so
with
what
store
of
Treasure
he
had
heaped
up
,
making
many
of
the
Nobles
,
and
some
Leading
Commoners
of
his
Party
,
he
openly
laid
claim
to
the
Soveraignty
of
England
,
as
his
Undoubted
Right
,
and
Arthur
not
being
able
to
stand
in
competition
with
him
this
way
,
as
being
little
Interested
in
the
English
,
by
reason
he
had
for
the
most
part
been
brought
up
beyond
the
Seas
,
and
consequently
a
Stranger
to
the
greatest
part
of
the
Nation
,
his
Right
was
carried
away
in
the
current
of
the
Peoples
Inclinations
,
and
John
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
by
Hubert
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
;
at
what
time
the
Bishop
(
to
flatter
the
People
and
curry-favour
with
the
King
)
declared
in
an
Oration
,
That
the
Crown
of
England
was
meerly
Arbitrary
and
Elective
;
yet
the
more
sober
part
of
the
Nobility
,
knowing
this
Princes
Haughty
Temper
,
Swore
him
to
several
Articles
upon
his
admission
to
the
Crown
,
for
Observing
and
Maintaining
their
Rights
and
Priviledges
,
Antient
Laws
and
Customs
,
&c.
Scarcely
was
King
John
Settled
in
his
Throne
,
but
Philip
the
French
King
,
underhand
assisted
by
others
,
sent
for
Arthur
to
his
Court
,
protesting
a
great
deal
of
Love
and
tender
Affection
to
him
;
Informed
him
of
his
Title
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
Dutchy
of
Normandy
,
and
Britany
,
animating
him
to
raise
his
Spirits
,
and
use
his
Courage
,
for
the
recovery
of
what
was
so
unjustly
taken
from
him
;
and
that
if
he
were
destitute
of
Friends
that
might
Advise
and
Council
him
,
he
and
his
Nobles
would
willingly
supply
that
defect
;
if
he
wanted
Gold
or
Silver
,
the
Sinews
of
War
,
his
Coffers
should
be
open
at
his
Service
;
or
if
Valiant
Men
to
Fight
for
him
and
his
Right
,
many
Thousand
Frenchmen
would
venture
their
Lives
in
his
Quarrel
.
These
large
and
Friendly
proffers
,
which
rather
proceeded
from
the
fear
King
Philip
had
of
Englands
Strength
and
Prosperity
,
which
might
(
as
indeed
it
afterwards
fell
out
)
get
the
Ascendant
over
France
)
than
for
any
cordial
Love
he
bore
to
the
Young
Prince
,
keeping
him
only
as
a
Trump
Card
in
his
hand
,
to
play
his
Game
as
he
saw
occasion
:
However
these
great
Proffers
bore
up
his
Spirits
,
and
he
wholly
cast
himself
on
the
French
King
for
Protection
;
submitting
to
be
Governed
and
Ruled
by
him
in
all
things
:
Whereupon
Forces
were
Levied
in
France
and
Normandy
,
and
hereupon
some
Strong
Holds
in
the
latter
,
Revolted
from
King
John
,
and
declared
for
Prince
Arthur
,
and
others
they
won
;
however
the
Kings
Lieutenant
raised
Forces
to
oppose
them
;
so
that
between
both
Armies
there
happened
divers
Encounters
,
with
various
success
.
King
John
hearing
of
these
stirs
in
Normandy
,
thought
there
remained
no
time
for
delay
,
but
gathering
a
strong
Power
passed
the
Seas
,
and
joyning
with
his
Lieutenant
retook
several
Towns
,
and
Overthrew
the
Young
Prince
in
a
set
Battel
,
with
great
Slaughter
of
the
French
Nobles
and
others
,
that
were
Engaged
with
him
.
This
made
the
French
King
begin
to
consider
he
had
laid
hold
on
the
wrong
end
of
the
staff
,
and
from
that
time
procured
divers
Prelates
,
and
some
Princes
,
as
Mediators
,
to
bring
on
Foot
a
Treaty
for
a
Peace
;
which
Treaty
gave
both
sides
a
short
breathing
:
But
the
King
of
England's
Proposals
being
no
less
than
the
restoring
all
the
Towns
taken
,
a
defraying
of
the
charges
of
the
War
,
and
that
King
Philip
should
put
for
ever
Prince
Arthur
out
of
his
Protection
,
it
came
in
the
end
to
nothing
;
so
that
the
War
renewed
more
furious
than
before
,
by
which
means
the
poor
Inhabitants
of
Normandy
were
grievously
Oppressed
,
by
Burning
,
Plundering
,
and
many
other
Miseries
attendant
on
Hostilities
.
However
,
to
repress
these
Outrages
of
the
Invading
French
,
the
King
raised
a
yet
greater
Army
,
but
then
found
his
Treasure
was
much
too
scanty
to
defray
the
charges
of
that
Expedition
;
of
which
the
Nobles
and
Commons
were
no
sooner
made
sensible
,
but
of
their
own
accord
they
largely
contributed
,
rather
than
the
Honour
of
the
King
and
Kingdom
should
be
Eclipsed
by
the
Bravadoes
of
a
dastardly
Nation
;
and
then
Landing
with
a
gallant
Army
in
Normandy
,
the
number
of
his
Forces
were
daily
augmented
;
and
not
long
after
the
two
Armies
met
,
and
sought
a
dreadful
Battel
,
in
which
the
French
were
Overthrown
,
and
Prince
Arthur
,
with
divers
of
the
French
Nobility
,
taken
Prisoners
,
and
sent
to
the
Castle
of
Roan
;
where
,
as
it
was
given
out
,
leaping
from
the
Walls
to
make
his
Escape
,
he
leaped
short
,
fell
into
the
Moat
,
and
there
was
Drowned
:
Tho'
Historians
who
have
made
Remarks
What
a
few
Steps
there
are
between
the
Prisons
and
Graves
of
Princes
,
tho'
they
do
not
charge
the
King
with
the
knowledg
of
it
,
are
apt
to
conjecture
that
this
Prince
came
to
be
Drowned
by
other
means
than
his
own
attempt
.
And
indeed
the
King
had
all
his
Life
afterward
a
very
troublesome
and
turbulent
Reign
.
For
now
the
Prince
was
Dead
,
the
French
King
began
to
pull
off
his
Vizor
,
laying
claim
to
Normandy
in
his
own
Right
,
and
poured
in
such
a
number
of
Forces
,
that
King
John's
Treasure
being
spent
,
he
could
not
Levy
in
any
reasonable
time
Soldiers
sufficient
to
oppose
their
torrent
;
so
that
wining
many
Towns
and
Castles
,
the
whole
Dutchy
(
to
prevent
the
Ruin
and
Desolation
threatened
it
)
Subjected
it self
to
the
French
King
,
after
it
had
been
disbranched
from
France
about
319
Years
.
And
that
the
King
should
not
be
at
leasure
to
Regain
it
,
the
French
King
underhand
found
him
work
at
home
,
by
making
Pope
Innocent
the
Third
his
Enemy
.
For
about
this
time
,
Hubert
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
Dying
,
the
Monks
of
the
Order
of
St.
Augustin
met
in
the
Cathedral
Church
about
Midnight
without
the
Kings
knowledg
or
License
,
and
chose
one
Reynold
,
a
Brother
of
their
own
,
to
Succeed
in
the
Archiepiscopal
See
,
taking
of
him
an
Oath
to
travel
to
Rome
,
and
procure
his
Investiture
and
receive
the
Pall
from
the
Pope
.
The
King
hearing
of
these
unwarantable
Proceedings
,
was
much
displeased
;
which
so
affrighted
the
Monks
,
that
to
regain
his
Favour
they
proceeded
to
a
second
Election
,
and
chose
John
Grey
,
a
Person
whom
the
King
had
nominated
to
them
,
who
was
then
Bishop
of
Norwich
;
and
so
the
Kings
Anger
being
appeased
,
he
sent
Ambassadors
with
his
Letters
to
the
Pope
,
to
Entreat
him
to
Ratify
the
second
Choice
.
But
in
the
mean
time
a
new
Schism
or
Faction
appeared
;
for
the
Suffragan
(
because
he
was
not
made
acquainted
,
nor
an
Actor
in
either
of
the
said
two
Elections
)
made
suit
to
the
Pope
to
displace
them
both
.
)
But
he
,
imitating
the
proud
Example
of
many
of
his
Predecessors
,
who
coveted
to
swim
against
the
stream
,
and
seldom
or
never
granted
any
Kings
request
,
least
in
some
sort
they
should
be
thought
to
be
yeilding
,
neglected
both
their
suits
▪
and
confirmed
Raynold
who
was
first
chosen
:
But
the
King
growing
angry
hereat
,
the
Monks
to
please
him
,
rather
out
of
fear
than
complacency
,
refused
to
receive
into
their
Quire
,
or
own
the
Arch
Bishop
the
Pope
had
Confirmed
,
tho'
he
was
of
their
own
chusing
;
giving
this
Reason
for
it
,
viz.
That
it
was
done
Clandestinly
,
and
at
an
unseasonable
Time
,
for
as
much
as
the
choice
was
made
in
the
Night
,
when
as
it
should
have
been
done
in
the
open
Day
;
and
so
they
concluded
it
void
,
and
in
it self
a
Nulity
,
yet
remained
good
,
till
by
Judicial
Proceedings
,
and
a
Sentence
,
it
were
pronounced
void
;
so
that
this
matter
was
Controverted
at
Rome
,
where
the
Pope
made
specious
shews
and
pretences
of
accomodating
the
matter
to
heal
the
Schisme
,
so
that
it
should
be
to
the
satisfaction
of
the
King
and
Monks
;
but
his
aim
was
otherwise
,
for
he
designed
to
prefer
a
creature
of
his
own
,
viz.
Stephen
Langton
,
a
Man
that
would
always
move
by
his
dictates
,
having
before
been
made
Cardinal
of
Chrisogone
,
and
privatly
he
Wrote
to
the
Monks
to
Choose
him
;
yet
not
so
cunningly
but
the
King
had
Notice
of
it
,
and
strictly
charged
them
not
to
proceed
to
any
other
Election
;
but
the
Popes
Threats
and
Promises
of
Rewards
,
dispensed
with
their
Obedience
to
the
Kings
Commands
so
that
they
did
Elect
him
their
Arch
Bishop
.
This
so
exasperated
the
King
,
that
he
commanded
,
on
severe
Penalties
,
no
Appeals
should
be
made
to
Rome
,
and
that
from
thence
forth
he
would
take
a
strict
account
of
such
of
his
Subjects
that
for
any
matter
of
Right
or
Justice
should
go
to
Rome
to
require
it
,
seeing
he
had
Prelates
,
Noblemen
,
and
Judges
sufficient
to
determine
any
Controversies
within
his
Kingdom
,
that
should
arise
,
either
in
Church
or
Common-Weal
;
and
added
,
That
he
would
rather
expose
himself
to
Ten
Thousand
Deaths
,
than
basely
(
as
he
was
required
)
make
himself
and
his
Kingdom
Servil
to
the
Popes
Insolency
and
Peremptory
Commands
.
But
on
the
other
side
,
the
Pope
threatened
what
he
would
do
if
he
was
not
Obey'd
in
the
Election
of
Langton
,
and
the
calling
home
such
Monks
as
had
Fled
through
fear
of
the
Kings
displeasure
,
on
this
last
Election
;
and
because
this
was
not
speedily
done
,
he
sent
his
Apostolical
Command
to
the
Prelates
of
London
,
Ely
,
Worcester
,
&c.
to
Interdict
the
Kingdom
,
if
the
King
continued
in
his
obstinacy
(
as
he
termed
it
.
)
This
Commission
was
put
in
Execution
,
and
the
Church-Doors
were
shut
up
for
several
Years
:
Some
Authors
say
Six
;
there
being
neither
Prayers
,
Sermons
,
Christenings
,
nor
Service
at
the
Funerals
of
the
Dead
,
said
or
performed
publickly
during
that
time
;
so
that
the
People
distinguished
not
the
Sabbath
from
other
days
,
but
followed
their
Work
and
Sports
on
it
,
living
More
like
Infidels
than
Christians
;
such
power
over
the
Minds
of
besotted
Men
,
had
the
Popes
Usurpation
in
those
dark
and
ignorant
Times
.
For
this
Affront
the
King
Banished
divers
Bishops
and
others
of
the
Clergy
,
whom
he
found
most
forward
in
complying
with
the
Popes
Interest
,
seizing
on
their
Temporalities
,
resolving
to
take
the
like
course
with
all
such
as
consented
to
receive
Promotions
,
Investitures
,
or
Ecclesiastical
Degrees
from
the
Pope
or
new
Arch
Bishop
;
or
that
went
to
Rome
upon
any
occasion
without
his
License
,
or
did
attempt
to
put
in
Execution
any
Command
from
the
Pope
within
his
Kingdom
.
The
Pope
no
sooner
heard
of
this
,
but
resolving
not
to
cool
on
it
,
he
sent
into
England
two
Legates
,
viz.
Pandulph
and
Durant
,
to
perswade
the
King
to
be
Reconciled
to
Langton
,
and
the
other
Bishops
and
Clergy
that
were
under
his
Displeasure
in
England
,
or
in
Banishment
,
to
restore
them
to
their
Lands
,
Places
,
and
Goods
;
that
a
good
understanding
might
be
renewed
between
the
Pope
and
him
.
This
did
but
little
please
the
King
;
yet
however
,
fearing
to
be
Accursed
,
and
Embroyl
himself
in
new
Troubles
(
for
in
those
days
the
Popes
Leaden
Sword
did
more
mischief
in
Kingdoms
than
many
of
Steel
,
People
being
for
the
most
part
infatuated
to
believe
what
he
did
he
did
by
the
immediate
Will
and
Command
of
God
,
whose
Vicegerent
he
assumed
to
himself
to
be
)
He
promised
to
perform
all
,
but
allowing
the
Election
of
Cardinal
Langton
,
protesting
that
if
another
might
be
chosen
he
would
yet
prefer
him
to
some
other
Bishoprick
;
but
the
Imperious
Legates
,
instead
of
gratifying
the
Kings
Request
,
pronounced
the
Popes
Curse
not
only
against
the
King
,
but
all
Persons
who
should
do
him
Service
,
or
give
him
Attendance
,
or
supply
him
with
things
Necessary
,
Absolving
his
Subjects
from
their
Allegiance
,
Duties
,
and
Oaths
,
requiring
all
Christian
Princes
to
make
War
upon
him
,
as
upon
the
Arch
and
Grand
Enemy
of
the
Church
of
God
.
The
Pope
also
published
and
pronounced
against
him
Sentence
of
Deprivation
,
and
gave
his
Crown
and
his
Kingdom
to
Philip
the
French
King
,
if
by
any
secret
Plot
or
open
Violence
and
Hostility
he
could
Expel
or
Murther
him
.
These
were
the
Fruits
of
this
(
pretended
Holy
)
un-Holy
Father
,
The
Popes
Religion
and
Government
;
and
this
Usurping
Arrogance
was
a
badg
of
his
unsufferable
Pride
,
in
that
he
presumed
to
do
what
no
Earthly
Creature
can
do
,
nor
what
a
Christian
ought
to
attempt
to
do
against
a
Prince
,
who
is
Gods
Anointed
,
and
against
such
a
one
as
the
Almighty
has
placed
in
his
Kingdom
to
Govern
and
Rule
his
People
.
Yet
this
Fulmination
did
not
much
startle
King
John
;
and
being
determined
to
know
the
minds
of
his
People
,
how
they
stood
affected
to
him
after
this
matter
,
he
took
a
sollemn
Oath
of
them
for
the
defence
of
his
Person
,
and
the
performance
of
faithful
Service
to
him
;
and
then
raising
an
Army
,
he
went
to
Scotland
,
because
that
King
(
encouraged
by
the
Pope
)
was
practicing
against
him
,
sheltering
such
as
had
taken
part
with
the
Pope
and
fled
out
of
England
:
But
King
Alexander
the
Second
perceiving
that
Fire
and
Sword
began
to
devour
apace
in
his
Country
,
he
with
much
Humility
sent
to
King
John
to
desire
him
to
spare
his
People
and
their
Substance
,
and
what
in
reason
he
required
he
would
accord
to
,
and
a
Peace
was
made
shortly
between
them
,
he
consenting
to
Banish
all
the
Kings
Enemies
out
of
his
Country
.
This
much
disappointed
Philip
of
France
,
who
was
preparing
to
Invade
England
,
and
had
to
that
end
provided
a
gallant
Army
;
but
by
the
Wisdom
,
Valour
and
Circumspection
of
King
John
,
and
the
Providence
of
God
,
300
of
his
Ships
Laden
with
Corn
and
other
Provisions
and
Necessaries
for
the
Invasion
,
were
Surprized
by
our
Ships
,
which
great
disapointment
,
put
an
end
at
that
time
to
the
Design
,
and
frustrated
his
vain
hope
.
But
after
all
this
,
the
King
finding
so
many
Efforts
and
Treacheries
against
him
,
that
disparing
to
weather
every
one
of
them
,
and
pittying
the
sufferings
of
his
People
under
these
distractions
,
he
suddainly
,
without
the
Advice
of
his
Nobles
,
or
of
his
Privy
Council
,
degenerating
from
his
former
daring
and
boldness
of
Spirit
,
fell
on
his
Knees
before
the
Legate
,
acknowledging
his
Disobedience
,
craving
of
him
the
Popes
Pardon
,
resigning
(
with
his
Crown
)
the
possession
of
his
Kingdom
to
the
See
of
Rome
;
which
Crown
the
proud
Prelate
took
,
and
to
put
him
into
some
pain
in
considering
whether
he
should
ever
have
it
restored
again
,
kept
it
Four
Days
,
and
then
returned
it
to
the
use
of
him
and
his
Heirs
,
reserving
1000
Marks
Yearly
,
by
way
of
Tribute
to
the
See
of
Rome
;
which
was
the
main
thing
the
Pope
had
aimed
at
,
and
for
which
he
had
all
the
while
made
such
a
prodigious
noise
and
bustle
.
But
this
low
and
Un-Prince-like
Submission
to
a
paltry
Priest
,
threw
him
into
another
mischief
,
which
was
the
contempt
and
dislike
of
his
Nobles
;
so
that
for
the
most
part
they
Revolted
from
him
,
and
entered
upon
a
cruel
and
unnatural
War
,
which
went
very
near
to
have
enslaved
this
flourishing
Island
once
more
to
Strangers
;
for
the
Barons
finding
they
were
too
weak
to
oppose
the
King
,
they
leaned
on
Philip
of
Frrnce
,
proposing
,
if
he
would
assist
them
with
sufficient
Forces
and
Money
,
they
would
soon
Depose
King
John
,
and
place
the
Crown
upon
the
Head
of
Lewis
,
Son
to
Philip
:
This
News
fired
the
Young
Ambitious
French
Prince
,
who
had
also
something
of
a
Martial
Spirit
,
that
he
never
left
urging
his
Father
,
till
he
had
furnished
him
out
with
an
Army
.
But
the
Pope
having
now
closed
with
King
John
,
on
his
complaining
of
this
to
him
,
he
sent
his
strict
command
under
many
Threats
,
to
the
French
King
not
to
suffer
his
Son
to
pass
the
Seas
,
or
in
the
least
to
molest
a
Kingdom
under
the
Protection
of
the
Holy
See
;
tho'
as
you
have
heard
,
a
little
before
himself
had
given
it
to
them
.
But
Popes
usually
blow
hot
or
cold
,
as
their
Interest
Ebbs
or
Flows
;
and
therefore
it
was
no
wonder
he
should
so
soon
change
his
side
.
But
Philip
refused
to
Obey
his
Mandate
,
returning
Answer
,
That
no
King
without
the
consent
of
his
Nobles
,
Prelates
,
and
Common
People
,
can
Subject
his
Kingdom
to
the
See
of
Rome
,
or
put
it
under
its
Protection
;
it
being
Committed
to
them
by
God
,
and
consequently
this
Kingdom
was
not
holden
of
the
See
of
Rome
,
nor
ought
to
be
Defended
or
Protected
by
her
.
This
Answer
somewhat
startled
the
Pope
,
yet
using
his
old
way
,
he
sent
Guallo
his
Legate
,
Cardinal
of
St.
Martins
,
to
Curse
Philip
and
Lewis
his
Son
,
and
such
of
the
English
Nobility
as
took
part
with
them
,
as
also
all
their
other
Adherents
and
Accomplices
;
and
tho'
the
wiser
sort
little
minded
this
,
yet
the
ordinary
degrees
of
Soldiers
,
whose
Devotion
more
directly
depended
on
Fear
,
than
Knowledge
,
or
Judgment
,
to
apprehend
any
danger
that
could
ensue
from
such
threats
,
were
so
amazed
and
daunted
,
that
they
left
their
Leaders
in
the
Field
,
and
returned
home
to
their
Wives
and
Children
,
&c.
And
the
Rascally
sort
in
England
,
hearing
divers
Noblemen
were
under
this
Curse
,
entered
into
their
Houses
,
Fields
and
Parks
,
Robbing
,
Spoiling
,
and
bearing
away
whatever
they
could
find
of
value
,
being
so
far
from
doubting
or
disputing
with
their
own
Consciences
whether
they
did
well
in
it
or
not
,
that
(
such
was
the
blindness
of
those
Times
)
they
supposed
their
so
doing
tended
to
the
Glory
of
God
Almighty
,
and
that
their
Rapin
and
Violence
was
well
pleasing
in
his
Sight
;
yet
this
hastened
many
of
the
Lords
,
who
had
little
left
to
subsist
on
,
to
submit
to
the
King
,
and
prostrate
at
his
Feet
confess
their
undutiful
Revolt
,
and
crave
his
Pardon
.
Upon
this
they
were
received
into
Favour
,
with
gentle
reproofs
for
their
former
failures
,
and
were
restored
to
their
Estates
and
Honours
;
so
that
the
Disorders
that
had
happened
were
by
this
means
settled
,
and
a
Peace
for
a
time
ensued
,
to
the
great
refreshing
of
a
Nation
wearied
out
with
Intestine
Broyls
.
The
Pope
intending
to
make
his
Proceedings
with
King
John
a
President
to
other
Princes
,
Assembled
a
General
Council
at
Lateran
,
where
he
caused
to
be
published
,
at
large
,
the
Assignment
of
the
Kingdom
of
England
to
the
See
of
Rome
;
and
there
Otho
the
Emperour
,
Peter
King
of
Arragon
,
Raymond
Earl
of
Tholouse
,
were
Excomunicated
,
for
no
other
material
reason
,
than
not
submitting
themselves
and
Principalities
to
the
Popes
Pride
and
Insolency
,
to
be
disposed
of
at
his
pleasure
:
Also
the
Empire
,
Kingdom
,
and
Principality
appertaining
to
them
,
were
Interdicted
,
on
pretended
Heresie
.
In
this
Council
Auricular
Confession
and
Transubstantiation
were
Decreed
,
the
Cup
taken
from
the
Laity
in
the
Communion
,
&c.
And
it
was
made
no
less
than
Eternal
Damnation
to
such
as
should
speak
evil
of
the
Pope
;
and
that
they
who
were
guilty
of
it
,
should
immediatly
when
they
Dyed
descend
into
Hell
,
without
being
admitted
by
the
way
to
call
in
at
Purgatory
,
to
take
leave
of
any
of
their
Acquaintance
:
And
that
no
Man
should
presume
to
take
on
him
the
Imperial
Diadem
,
till
he
was
Sworn
the
Popes
Vassal
,
paid
him
Homage
,
and
received
that
Crown
at
his
Hands
.
But
these
Princes
despised
him
and
his
idle
Menaces
;
yet
he
secretly
wrought
them
many
Troubles
,
and
put
their
Subjects
into
Rebellion
;
but
in
time
the
Storm
blew
over
,
with
the
end
of
his
restless
Life
.
During
these
stirs
,
the
Irish
fell
into
Rebellion
,
but
were
soon
Quieted
on
the
Kings
going
over
;
for
at
Dublin
he
was
met
by
Twenty
of
their
petty
Kings
,
who
submitted
,
and
promised
him
their
future
Obedience
.
And
one
Gualter
Maxes
Arch
Deacon
of
Oxford
,
Preached
against
the
Pride
of
the
Pope
,
and
wrote
a
Book
,
Entituled
,
The
Revelation
of
the
Romish
Goliah
;
for
which
the
Bishops
greatly
Persecuted
him
.
And
the
Clergy
not
being
heartily
reconciled
to
the
King
,
because
he
had
controuled
them
in
many
things
,
as
he
was
in
his
Progress
to
settle
the
Kingdom
,
so
long
disquieted
and
out
of
order
,
Dining
at
Swinstead-Abby
,
not
far
from
Lincoln
,
one
Simon
,
a
Villanous
Monk
,
who
served
at
the
Table
,
being
of
the
Order
of
St.
Bernard
,
Poisoned
him
,
by
delivering
into
his
hand
a
Bowl
of
Intoxicated
Wine
,
and
Poisoned
himself
also
for
company
;
the
King
compelling
him
,
(
upon
suspecting
(
by
a
suddain
pain
in
his
Stomach
)
some
Treachery
)
to
Drink
part
of
it
:
Too
easy
a
Death
for
such
a
Monster
in
wickedness
;
who
considered
not
that
Kings
are
God's
Anointed
,
and
that
the
Affront
is
put
upon
Heaven
when
they
are
Injured
.
Thus
fell
King
John
,
after
a
troublesom
Reign
for
the
most
part
,
when
he
had
Reigned
17
Years
,
6
Months
,
and
13
Days
.
He
Dyed
on
the
19th
of
October
Anno
Dom.
1216.
and
was
Buried
at
Winchester
.
To
palliate
this
execrable
Murther
,
it
was
given
out
that
he
should
say
,
holding
a
Halfpeny
Loaf
in
his
hand
,
That
if
he
lived
a
Twelve-month
,
he
would
make
it
at
the
Rate
of
Twelve
Pence
;
and
that
he
should
have
Ridiculed
the
Mass
,
when
the
Pope
had
Accursed
him
,
upon
cuming
to
the
Quarry
of
a
Buck
that
was
Slain
in
Hunting
,
viz.
See
how
fair
and
fat
this
Buck
is
,
that
never
heard
Mass
in
all
its
Life
:
That
when
he
was
vexed
with
the
Rebellious
Barons
,
he
should
send
to
Mira
Mula
,
a
prevaling
King
in
Africa
,
for
Assistance
;
promising
him
to
turn
Mahometan
,
and
hold
his
Kingdom
Tributary
of
him
,
if
by
his
help
he
prevailed
over
his
Enemies
.
But
these
seem
to
be
Monkish
Stories
,
raised
to
poison
his
Fame
as
well
as
Body
,
and
are
Rejected
by
Authentic
Historians
.
In
the
Ninth
Year
of
his
Reign
,
by
a
New
Charter
,
he
enabled
the
Citizens
of
London
,
for
their
good
Service
done
him
,
to
make
their
Annual
Choice
of
a
Mayor
and
two
Sherifs
,
for
the
better
Government
of
the
City
.
In
his
Reign
London-Bridge
was
Built
with
Stone-Arches
,
as
still
it
remains
,
being
before
only
of
Timber
;
and
a
dreadful
Fire
happening
on
it
,
taking
both
Ends
,
by
the
vehemency
of
the
Wind
carrying
the
Flame
in
sheets
from
the
one
to
the
other
,
the
People
that
came
to
Quench
it
were
caught
in
the
middle
of
the
danger
,
and
Boats
coming
to
receive
them
by
Water
,
they
thronged
in
a
hurry
so
fast
into
them
,
that
divers
Sunk
;
so
that
in
the
Thames
and
Flames
300
are
computed
to
perish
.
OXFORD
SHIRE
By
Ihon
Seller
map of Oxfordshire
He
left
behind
him
Four
Sons
,
viz.
Henry
who
Succeeded
him
;
Richard
,
Elected
King
of
the
Romans
;
William
of
Valentia
,
and
Guidio
Disany
;
and
Three
Daughters
,
viz.
Isabella
,
Married
to
Frederick
the
Emperer
;
a
Second
to
William
Marshal
Earl
of
Worcester
,
and
a
Third
to
the
Earl
of
Leicester
.
Remarks
on
Oxfordshire
,
&c.
OXfordshire
abounds
in
rich
Pastures
,
store
of
Cattle
,
Corn
,
Fruits
,
Fish
,
Fowle
,
Coneys
,
Hares
,
Deer
,
and
other
things
,
to
render
it
Pleasant
and
Acceptable
;
being
a
pleasant
Inland
County
,
bounded
with
Glocestershire
,
Warwickshire
,
Northamptonshire
,
Buckinghamshire
and
Barkshire
:
It
contains
one
City
,
which
is
a
Bishops
See
,
and
in
its
14
Hundreds
has
280
Parishes
,
12
Market
Towns
,
and
5
Rivers
:
Isis
,
which
gives
an
additional
name
to
the
Thames
,
into
which
it
falls
,
is
very
much
Celibrated
in
Antient
Story
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
9
,
viz.
Oxford
City
2
,
the
Vniversity
2
,
Banbury
1
,
New
Woodstock
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
The
Antient
City
of
Oxford
,
is
renowned
for
many
remarkable
things
,
as
being
the
Place
of
Meeting
of
divers
Parliaments
,
and
holding
out
many
Sieges
.
Here
Maud
the
Empress
was
Besieged
by
King
Stephen
,
and
all
in
White
got
by
Night
over
the
Thames
on
the
Ice
.
This
Place
King
Charles
the
First
made
his
chief
Head-Quarters
,
during
the
Civil
War
,
till
it
was
taken
by
Sr.
Thomas
Farfaix
.
King
Richard
the
First
was
Born
here
.
Its
Churches
are
13
,
besides
the
Cathedral
,
most
of
them
very
Stately
.
It
is
Watered
almost
round
,
and
is
supplyed
within
the
City
by
many
Conduits
,
on
one
of
which
is
the
Figure
of
a
Queen
,
Riding
on
an
Ox
,
in
Brass
.
But
the
greatest
Ornament
of
Oxford
is
its
being
a
Vniversity
,
and
for
the
stateliness
of
its
Colledges
,
their
Liberal
Endowments
,
and
the
Number
of
Scholars
contained
in
them
,
it
is
not
(
except
by
its
Sister
Cambridge
)
to
be
parallelled
in
the
whole
Christian
World
.
Of
the
Number
of
its
Colledges
,
the
time
of
their
Foundation
,
and
their
Founders
,
take
the
following
Account
.
An
Account
of
the
Colledges
in
Oxfond
.
1.
University
Colledge
,
was
founded
by
King
Alfred
,
Anno
872
,
for
12.
Fellows
,
besides
other
Students
.
2.
Baliol
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1262.
by
John
Baliol
and
Devorgilla
his
Wife
,
Parents
of
John
Baliol
King
of
Scots
,
for
12.
Fellows
,
&c.
3.
Merton
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1274.
by
Walter
de
Merton
Lord
High
Chancellour
of
England
and
Bishop
of
Rochester
.
This
has
19
Fellows
,
14
Scholars
,
&c.
4.
Exeter
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1216.
by
Walter
Stapleton
,
Bishop
of
Exeter
,
for
23.
Fellows
,
&c.
5.
Oriel
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1337.
by
King
Edward
II
,
for
18.
Fellows
,
12
Schollars
,
&c.
6.
Queens
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1340.
by
Robert
Eaglesfield
B.
D.
for
15
Fellows
,
besides
other
Students
of
the
Foundation
.
7.
New
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1375.
by
William
of
Wickham
,
Bishop
of
Winchester
and
Lord
High
Chancellour
of
England
;
for
70
Fellows
,
10
Chaplains
,
3
Clerks
,
16
Choiristers
,
&c.
8.
Lincoln
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1420.
by
Richard
Fleming
,
Bishop
of
Lincoln
,
for
15
Fellows
,
&c.
9.
All-Souls
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1437.
by
Henry
Chicheley
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
;
for
40
Fellows
,
besides
Chaplains
,
Clerks
,
and
other
Servants
of
the
Foundation
.
10.
Magdalen
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1459.
by
William
of
Wainfleet
Bishop
of
Winchester
and
Lord
High
Chancellour
of
England
;
for
40
Fellows
,
and
30
Scholars
,
besides
Chaplains
,
Clerks
,
Choiristers
,
&c.
11.
Brazen-Nose
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1515.
by
William
Smith
Bishop
of
Lincoln
,
and
Richard
Sutton
Esq
for
20
Fellows
,
besides
Scholars
,
and
Students
of
the
Foundation
.
12.
Corpus
Christi
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1516.
by
Richard
Fox
,
Bishop
of
Winchester
and
Lord
Privy
Seal
;
for
20
Follows
,
20
Scholars
,
besides
Chaplains
,
and
Clerks
,
&c.
13.
Christ-Church
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1546.
by
King
Henry
VIII
.
for
8
Canons
,
and
100
Students
,
besides
Chaplains
,
&c.
14.
Trinity
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1555.
by
Sir
Tho.
Pope
,
for
12
Fellows
,
12
Scholars
,
and
other
Students
.
15.
St.
Johns
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1557.
by
Sir
Thomas
White
,
Merchant
Taylor
of
London
,
for
50
Fellows
,
&c.
16.
Jesus
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1572.
by
Queen
Elizabeth
;
for
16
Fellows
,
16
Scholars
,
and
other
Students
.
17.
Wadham
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1613.
by
Nicholas
Wadham
and
Dorothy
his
Wife
,
for
15
Fellows
and
15
Scholars
,
&c.
18.
Pembroke
Colledge
was
founded
Anno
1620.
by
Thomas
Teisdale
Esq
and
Richard
Wightwick
B.
D.
for
15
Fellows
,
and
11
Scholars
,
&c.
The
Seven
Halls
are
Glocester
,
Edmund
,
St.
Alban
,
Magdalen
,
Hart
,
and
S.
Mary
Hall
,
besides
New-Inn
.
In
all
which
Colledges
and
Halls
there
are
fair
Chappels
,
and
Libraries
.
But
,
amongst
these
,
is
the
most
famous
Bodlean
Library
,
which
for
choice
Books
,
and
rare
Manuscripts
,
falls
little
short
of
the
Vatican
.
Here
is
also
that
curious
Piece
of
Architecture
called
the
New
Theater
,
built
for
Scholastick
Exercises
,
with
a
fair
Printing
House
,
by
Dr.
Sheldon
,
a
late
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
.
The
Musaeum
,
built
at
the
Charge
of
the
Vniversity
,
for
the
Improvement
of
Experimental
Knowledge
,
especially
in
Physick
;
with
a
Laboratory
furnished
with
all
sorts
of
Furnaces
,
and
other
Materials
,
for
Chymical
Practice
;
a
Store-Room
,
for
Preparations
;
and
another
Room
,
fitted
up
for
a
Chymical
Library
.
In
the
Musaeum
is
also
to
be
seen
a
curious
Repository
.
The
publick
Physick
Garden
deserves
also
to
be
mentioned
here
for
its
Stateliness
,
and
infinite
Variety
of
choice
Plants
.
The
Number
of
Students
in
Oxford
is
rickoned
to
be
3000
,
whereof
1000
live
upon
the
Revenues
of
the
Colledges
.
In
this
City
was
formerly
a
famous
Castle
,
but
now
of
no
great
Strength
,
being
mostly
used
for
a
Prison
.
It
has
several
Bridges
about
it
,
but
one
more
specially
,
of
Stone
,
curiously
Arched
;
and
is
a
Place
of
considerable
Trade
.
Woodstock
was
a
long
time
the
Country
Retirement
of
our
Kings
;
here
it
was
that
Henry
II
built
a
sumptuous
Bower
for
fair
Rosamond
his
Paramour
;
here
Edward
the
Black
Prince
was
Born
,
and
Sr.
Geoffry
Chaucer
Educated
.
At
Islip
King
Edward
the
Confessor
was
Born
;
the
other
Towns
of
Note
are
Banbury
,
Chipingnorton
,
Charlbury
,
Bampton
,
Henly
on
Thames
,
&c.
Near
Evisham
,
in
the
South
of
this
County
,
are
erected
Stones
called
Rol
Richstone
,
in
the
nature
of
those
on
Salisbury
Plain
,
but
not
so
big
,
which
Fabulous
Stories
have
rendered
to
have
been
Men
Transformed
into
Stone
;
but
most
certain
they
are
a
Monument
of
a
great
Battel
fought
there
by
Rollo
the
Dane
;
near
Oxford
is
the
Well
Dripa
,
whose
Waters
distil
from
a
Rock
that
hangs
over
it
,
very
Medicinal
.
There
is
store
of
Oaker
,
Fullers-Earth
,
and
Gipsum
,
at
Shot-over
,
Garsington
and
Whitney
;
and
Tobacco-Pipe-Clay
and
Vmber
is
found
near
Blanden
,
Cerulam
,
or
Native
Blue
,
near
Blonds-Court
,
the
Tera
Lapidosa
the
Colour
of
Turkish
Rusma
,
is
found
in
the
Quarries
about
Tame
;
the
Gold-gritty
Clay
at
Hampton
Gay
.
The
Seats
af
the
Nobility
are
Cornbury
,
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Clarendon
;
Blechington
,
to
the
Earl
of
Anglesey
;
Caversham
,
to
the
Earl
of
Craven
;
Dichley
and
Les
Rest
,
to
the
Earl
of
Litchfield
;
Ricot
and
Chesterton
,
to
the
Earl
of
Abingdon
;
Broughton
,
Shutford
and
North
Newton
,
to
the
Lord
Viscount
Say
and
Seal
;
Water-Eton
,
to
the
late
Lord
Lovelace
.
Cuddesden
,
the
Bishops
Palace
.
There
are
fine
Parks
in
this
County
,
stored
with
Deer
,
and
many
large
Woods
,
wherein
abundance
of
Hares
shelter
:
The
Seats
of
the
Gentry
are
not
a
few
;
so
that
put
together
,
it
is
a
very
fine
Inland
County
,
Watered
in
some
parts
by
the
Thames
,
&c.
The
Reign
of
King
HENRY
the
Third
.
AFter
the
untimely
Death
of
King
John
,
Henry
his
Eldest
Son
being
but
Nine
Years
of
Age
,
was
Crowned
at
Gloucester
in
the
presence
of
Wallo
the
Popes
Legate
,
and
divers
Nobles
;
and
by
reason
of
his
Non-age
,
was
put
under
the
Gaurdianship
of
Pembrook
,
who
was
by
the
consent
of
the
Peers
made
Protector
of
the
Realm
during
his
Minority
;
who
prudently
mannaged
Affairs
,
administring
the
Laws
and
Justice
uprightly
to
the
People
:
Yet
long
he
had
not
been
Crowned
,
before
Philip
the
French
King
,
thinking
to
take
advantage
of
this
change
,
dealt
underhand
with
some
discontented
Noblemen
,
and
supposing
by
this
means
he
had
made
a
strong
Party
in
England
,
Invaded
the
Kingdom
;
yet
the
Protector
was
not
idle
in
his
Charge
,
but
Leavied
a
considerable
Army
;
and
though
the
Welsh
,
under
Llewellin
their
Prince
,
Rebelled
,
to
favour
the
proceedings
of
the
French
,
he
made
head
against
them
,
and
stopt
their
Ravages
,
before
a
sufficient
Force
could
come
to
his
Camp
from
other
parts
,
and
slew
many
of
them
in
several
Skirmishes
,
tho'
as
yet
they
came
to
no
considerable
Battel
.
And
now
Pope
Innocent
being
Dead
,
and
Honorius
seated
in
the
Pontifical
Chair
taking
part
with
King
Henry
,
not
only
confirmed
the
power
of
his
Predecessors
Apostolical
Legate
in
England
,
but
by
him
Cursed
Prince
Lewis
who
came
over
with
the
French
Forces
to
take
possession
of
this
Realm
,
and
all
his
Adherents
,
Excommunicating
and
Depriving
them
of
all
the
Priviledges
of
Christians
;
which
put
a
stop
to
their
carreer
:
So
that
Lewis
made
shew
as
if
he
only
waited
for
a
fit
opportunity
to
depart
,
yet
in
the
mean
time
King
Philip
his
Father
,
with
great
care
and
cost
,
prepared
Reinforcements
,
and
Shiped
them
for
England
:
But
Hugh
d'
Burg
,
Master
of
the
Cinque
Ports
,
Manned
out
a
Fleet
,
upon
notice
they
were
putting
to
Sea
;
and
after
a
sharp
Engagement
,
Sunk
,
Burnt
,
and
Took
the
greatest
part
of
the
Enemys
Ships
,
which
consisted
of
150
Sail.
This
Exploit
got
him
a
good
esteem
among
the
People
,
which
he
after
lost
by
his
Covetousness
,
as
will
appear
,
and
much
daunted
the
French
that
were
already
in
England
,
making
Prince
Lewis
intreat
the
Popes
Legate
to
Absolve
him
;
and
for
so
much
Money
as
would
defray
the
charges
of
his
Return
,
he
promised
to
deliver
up
all
the
Castles
and
Places
he
had
in
his
possession
;
which
being
done
and
agreed
to
,
he
Sailed
for
France
,
and
left
his
Friends
in
England
to
shift
for
themselves
;
many
of
which
were
forced
into
Banishment
,
and
some
of
the
more
forward
taken
and
Executed
,
but
the
greater
Number
Pardoned
.
Upon
this
,
a
Parliament
was
called
,
and
in
it
the
Antient
Saxon
Laws
of
Edward
the
Confessor
,
and
divers
other
good
Laws
,
made
by
succeeding
Kings
,
were
reduced
into
a
smaller
compass
,
what
seemed
superfluous
,
according
to
the
Constitution
of
the
then
present
Government
,
being
left
out
.
And
this
has
continued
a
happiness
to
the
Kingdom
,
being
that
Magna
Charta
,
or
Great
Charter
of
England
,
that
set
a
Barrier
between
the
Succeeding
Kings
and
the
People
;
That
the
one
should
not
encroach
on
the
Subjects
Rights
,
but
live
as
free
born
Subjects
;
nor
the
other
upon
the
Prerogative
of
the
Crown
,
but
that
the
Scale
should
be
in
a
due
Ballance
between
Soveraign
and
Subject
.
This
was
Ratified
and
Confirmed
under
the
Great
Seal
,
to
the
high
satisfaction
of
the
Kingdom
;
so
that
the
Parliament
Granting
the
King
a
considerable
Tax
,
the
People
paid
it
with
all
the
alacrity
immaginable
,
with
which
Money
he
not
only
discharged
his
Debts
,
but
Levied
a
formidable
Army
,
who
under
the
Leading
of
Richard
the
Kings
Brother
,
and
divers
Nobles
,
won
much
back
again
that
the
French
had
taken
during
the
Troubles
in
his
Fathers
Reign
,
entirely
reducing
the
Provinces
of
Poictiers
,
and
Gascoyne
;
and
returning
with
little
loss
of
Men
from
this
Glorious
Enterprize
,
were
received
with
great
Joy
:
However
the
absence
of
the
Army
gave
the
French
King
leasure
to
practice
his
usual
method
of
stiring
up
Differences
and
Dissentions
in
those
places
,
by
which
means
he
surprized
some
Towns
;
but
King
Henry
grown
up
,
and
being
a
Prince
of
Courage
and
Valour
,
resolved
to
go
in
Person
;
whose
Arrival
so
terrified
the
French
,
that
they
Deserted
divers
Places
without
contending
;
and
those
that
yielded
not
on
Summons
,
were
taken
by
Force
.
The
French
King
perceiving
the
Cowardize
of
his
own
Men
,
and
the
Courage
of
the
English
,
after
many
losses
began
to
study
how
he
might
come
to
a
Peace
;
and
upon
surrendering
what
he
had
possessed
himself
of
,
it
was
concluded
,
advantagiously
enough
to
the
Honour
of
King
Henry
and
the
English
Nation
.
But
soon
after
this
,
some
discontented
Nobles
at
home
,
laboured
to
Alienate
the
minds
of
his
Subjects
from
him
,
upon
a
Jealousie
that
he
reposed
his
greatest
confidence
in
Strangers
,
and
made
little
account
of
their
Fidelity
;
but
to
prevent
any
Eruption
that
might
give
his
Enemies
abroad
the
advantage
of
Regaining
what
they
had
Lost
,
and
what
cost
him
much
Treasure
in
Recovering
,
he
Laboured
to
reconcile
himself
to
them
,
and
sent
away
many
Strangers
from
his
Court
;
with
whom
indeed
it
was
much
pestered
,
and
the
English
Nobles
had
some
reason
to
complain
of
it
;
by
which
means
,
and
some
other
Concessions
,
a
Reconcilement
was
made
.
And
now
the
Earl
of
Chester
Dying
without
Issue
Male
,
leaving
only
Four
Daughters
,
the
King
Seized
his
Possessions
,
and
Annexed
them
to
the
Crown
,
augmenting
them
with
large
additions
of
Yearly
Revenues
,
Regal
Priviledges
and
Honours
,
giving
the
Ladies
in
lieu
of
it
divers
Castles
,
Lordships
,
and
Mannors
,
which
exceeded
their
own
in
true
value
;
and
having
Married
Prince
Edward
his
Son
,
to
Elianor
Sister
to
the
King
of
Spain
,
he
gave
him
the
Province
of
Guyan
,
and
the
Lordship
of
all
Ireland
,
and
created
him
Earl
of
Chester
and
Prince
of
Wales
,
which
two
latter
Dignities
he
then
annexed
as
inseparable
Titles
to
the
Eldest
Sons
of
the
Kings
of
England
;
and
so
they
at
this
day
continue
;
soon
after
this
,
the
King
narrowly
escaped
being
Murthered
by
an
Oxford
Scholar
,
who
about
Midnight
crept
in
at
the
Window
of
that
Chamber
where
he
usually
Reposed
,
but
that
Night
he
was
absent
at
a
Merri-making
;
however
the
Student
being
found
there
with
unusual
Weapons
about
him
,
upon
Examination
Confessed
he
came
with
the
before-mentioned
Design
,
but
would
not
acknowledg
what
●duced
him
to
it
,
or
any
that
we
,
●upposed
to
have
●t
him
on
work
;
whereupon
his
A●ms
and
Legs
be●g
fastened
to
Four
Horses
,
he
was
by
them
Drawn
〈◊〉
pieces
.
The
French
King
(
as
you
have
heard
)
entering
into
Peace
with
England
,
nothing
more
at
length
appeared
〈◊〉
it
but
that
he
did
it
to
gaine
time
,
so
that
he
might
●come
Stronger
;
for
Philip
being
Dead
,
Lewis
the
●inth
,
his
Son
,
broke
out
into
open
Hostilities
without
●ving
any
warning
,
his
Father
before
his
death
having
●ade
preparations
to
enable
him
to
do
it
,
wasting
in
●uyan
all
the
places
where
he
came
.
This
roused
King
Henry
,
and
made
him
Levy
great
Forces
with
a
purpose
●o
drive
him
out
,
not
only
of
that
,
but
all
Normandy
,
and
●uch
other
places
as
he
had
a
right
claim
to
,
and
were
●etained
from
him
by
the
French
:
So
that
passing
over
●nto
France
,
many
fierce
Encounters
passed
between
●hem
with
various
success
,
tho'
in
them
the
French
were
●enerally
worsted
;
but
Fortune
no
further
favouring
his
endeavours
,
but
only
to
stop
the
French
Torrent
,
●nd
their
further
Encroachments
,
he
returned
for
England
.
On
his
departure
,
the
French
King
Married
Alphonsus
his
Brother
,
to
the
Daughter
of
the
Earl
of
Tholouse
,
and
gave
him
the
Earldom
of
Poictiers
,
and
so
cunningly
contrived
it
,
that
he
would
have
procured
the
Earl
of
March
to
do
him
Homage
for
such
Lands
as
he
pretended
he
held
in
that
Province
,
but
he
refused
it
,
and
could
not
by
Entreaties
or
Threats
be
wrought
on
to
comply
;
which
so
enraged
the
French
King
,
that
he
entered
with
an
Army
into
the
Earldom
of
March
,
and
laid
all
waste
before
him
;
but
was
Fought
with
by
the
English
Army
,
newly
Transported
,
near
Burdeaux
;
yet
the
English
being
much
inferiour
in
Number
,
after
a
Long
,
Bloody
and
Doubtful
Fight
,
were
constrained
to
quit
the
Field
;
and
King
Henry
,
who
did
wonders
in
the
Battel
that
day
,
hardly
escaped
being
taken
Prisoner
;
whereupon
the
Earl
of
March
found
he
was
in
a
necessity
to
submit
to
the
Terms
offered
him
by
the
French
King
after
which
King
Henry
settling
his
affaires
as
well
as
he
could
,
returned
to
England
,
and
made
a
fi●m
Alliance
with
the
King
of
Scots
,
to
strengthen
his
Interest
against
France
.
This
continued
happy
to
him
for
a
time
;
but
his
Court
not
being
purged
of
Parasites
,
and
Whisperers
,
who
with
their
stories
set
him
against
the
English
Nobility
,
a
fatal
Discord
befel
,
which
at
times
lasted
till
his
Death
;
for
the
Nobles
grudging
he
bestowed
Favours
on
those
that
deserved
them
not
,
and
was
scanty
in
his
Liberalities
towards
them
that
had
Merited
of
him
,
at
the
expence
of
their
Blood
and
Treasure
,
from
Murmuring
they
fell
to
open
Reproaches
,
charging
him
with
the
violation
of
those
Liberties
and
Priviledges
that
he
had
so
solemnly
Confirmed
and
Granted
:
This
Angered
the
King
,
and
made
him
inwardly
Fret
,
but
finding
they
spoke
the
sense
of
the
greatest
part
of
the
Nation
,
to
bring
things
to
a
quieter
temper
,
and
alay
or
satisfie
the
discontents
of
his
Subjects
,
he
called
a
Parliament
at
Oxford
,
tho'
in
it
what
he
aimed
at
was
,
for
the
most
part
,
if
not
altogether
,
frustrated
;
so
that
it
was
afterward
,
through
the
Distractions
that
happened
upon
it
,
called
Insanum
Parliamentum
,
or
The
Mad
Parliament
:
For
when
multitudes
of
such
as
were
Grieved
came
for
Redress
of
their
Grievances
,
the
Lords
and
Commons
endeavouring
to
Redress
what
was
amiss
,
Established
many
things
Profitable
,
as
they
intended
,
for
the
Common-Weal
,
but
highly
derogatory
to
the
Kings
Prerogative
;
and
to
the
end
those
things
that
they
had
so
contrived
,
should
be
lasting
,
and
inviolably
observed
,
they
made
choice
of
Twelve
Noblemen
,
by
the
Title
of
Les
douze
Piers
,
or
The
Twelve
Peers
,
giving
them
absolute
Power
and
Authority
to
Maintain
and
Support
those
Laws
;
of
whom
the
Earls
of
Leicester
and
Gloucester
were
chief
;
and
for
this
they
had
their
Pattent
,
and
took
a
solemn
Oath
,
which
was
Sealed
and
Ratified
by
the
King
,
although
he
did
it
unwillingly
;
so
that
the
Parliament
being
ended
,
the
Commissioners
began
by
strict
Execution
to
give
Life
unto
those
Laws
and
Ordinances
,
thrusting
out
of
their
Places
and
Offices
many
of
the
Kings
Menial
Servants
,
and
Attendants
,
placing
others
in
their
stead
,
which
very
much
troubled
him
;
for
by
these
proceedings
he
perceived
those
that
waited
on
his
Person
,
were
rather
to
be
Trusted
by
others
than
by
himself
;
and
that
he
should
be
furthest
from
chusing
those
that
were
to
be
nearest
to
him
;
this
made
him
grow
Melancholy
,
and
vex
himself
exceedingly
;
yet
thinking
to
mend
what
he
supposed
amiss
,
he
called
another
Parliament
,
which
contrary
to
his
expectation
Ratified
and
Confirmed
more
strongly
all
that
the
former
had
done
,
tho'
he
at
the
opening
of
the
Sessions
had
complained
of
the
hard
Usage
he
had
received
from
the
Twelve
Peers
;
and
by
the
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
Nine
other
Bishops
of
the
Kingdom
,
a
solemn
Curse
was
denounced
against
all
such
as
either
by
Direction
,
Council
,
Arms
,
or
otherwise
,
withstood
or
hindered
the
Execution
of
those
Laws
,
or
the
Authority
of
the
Twelve
Peers
.
This
made
the
King
more
Melancholy
than
before
;
when
,
to
divert
himself
he
Sailed
to
France
,
and
had
an
Enterview
with
King
Lewis
,
who
highly
welcomed
him
,
Lodged
him
in
his
own
Palace
,
Feasted
him
,
and
used
him
with
all
Gentleness
,
Curtesie
,
and
Honour
;
protesting
in
his
Parliament
of
Estates
,
That
he
was
much
dissatisfied
in
his
Conscience
for
detaining
from
King
Henry
his
Dutchy
of
Normandy
and
such
other
Territories
in
France
as
in
Right
he
ought
to
Enjoy
;
and
on
the
other
hand
King
Henry
intending
to
conclude
an
inviolable
Peace
freely
surrendered
to
him
Normandy
,
Anjou
,
Poictiers
and
Mayn
,
and
in
the
same
Parliament
with
great
Solemnity
and
Honour
,
he
received
them
again
to
himself
and
his
Heirs
.
Whilst
things
thus
proceeded
in
France
,
a
Quarrel
happened
between
Prince
Edward
the
Kings
Son
,
and
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
about
the
Laws
being
put
too
severely
in
Execution
;
which
made
the
King
hasten
home
,
to
prevent
the
Danger
or
Mischief
that
might
happen
thereby
,
and
with
some
difficulty
he
reconciled
them
;
and
hoping
to
remove
the
curb
the
Peers
had
laid
on
him
,
with
much
Expence
,
he
procured
Bulls
of
Pope
Alexander
the
Third
,
by
virtue
of
which
himself
and
all
others
who
had
Sworn
to
maintain
those
new
Laws
and
Ordinances
,
and
to
support
the
proceedings
of
the
Peers
and
their
Authority
,
were
freely
Absolved
from
their
Oaths
;
yet
they
took
no
notice
of
it
,
but
proceeded
to
displace
such
Judges
,
Justices
,
and
Sheriffs
,
as
the
King
had
appointed
,
for
not
following
their
Orders
,
and
put
such
in
their
Places
and
Offices
as
they
thought
fit
:
So
that
the
King
being
no
longer
able
to
endure
these
Indignities
,
caused
the
Popes
Bulls
to
be
Read
and
Proclaimed
in
the
chief
Towns
and
Cities
of
England
and
Wales
,
straightly
Commanding
all
Persons
,
of
what
Estate
,
Condition
or
Degree
soever
,
That
from
thence
forth
did
by
Word
or
Deed
Support
or
Maintain
the
said
Laws
and
Ordinances
,
or
the
Authority
of
the
Twelve
Peers
,
that
they
should
be
committed
to
Prison
,
and
not
delivered
thence
without
the
Kings
consent
:
And
hereupon
he
Swore
the
Londoners
from
twelve
Years
Old
,
and
upwards
,
to
be
True
and
Faithful
to
him
,
and
to
be
Aiding
to
him
and
his
Heirs
against
all
Opposers
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Barons
met
,
and
entered
into
a
Resolution
among
themselves
,
rather
to
lose
their
Lives
than
decline
the
upholding
the
Laws
;
and
fancying
the
King
had
some
desperate
design
upon
them
,
their
Jealousie
so
encreased
,
that
retiring
to
the
Marches
of
Wales
,
they
raised
a
strong
Army
,
and
furnished
it
with
all
things
necessary
for
the
War
they
intended
;
yet
pretended
to
abstain
from
any
Hostility
or
Violence
,
unless
the
King
compelled
them
to
it
.
Then
they
sent
their
Letters
in
a
most
submissive
and
humble
manner
to
the
King
,
protesting
their
Duty
,
Service
,
and
true
Allegiance
to
him
;
entreating
his
Highness
for
the
Honour
of
Almighty
God
,
for
the
health
of
his
own
Soul
,
and
for
the
welfare
and
happiness
of
his
People
and
Kingdom
,
utterly
to
defie
(
except
his
Queen
and
Children
)
all
such
as
Councelled
him
,
or
did
themselves
intend
to
suppress
the
Laws
and
Ordinances
established
in
the
Parliament
at
Oxford
,
or
the
Authority
and
Power
,
which
for
the
advantage
of
the
common
good
,
was
Granted
to
the
Twelve
Peers
.
But
the
King
displeased
at
these
Letters
,
returned
not
any
Answer
;
which
made
them
display
their
Banners
,
and
march
towards
London
;
and
as
they
passed
by
the
Houses
of
such
as
favoured
the
Kings
proceedings
,
on
the
account
of
the
Popes
Bulls
,
they
Plundered
and
Spoiled
them
,
and
laid
many
in
Ruins
by
Fire
,
Proclaiming
such
Persons
Enemies
to
the
King
and
Government
.
Approaching
London
,
they
sent
their
Letters
to
the
Mayor
and
Citizens
,
to
know
whether
they
were
resolved
to
support
the
Laws
and
Ordinances
or
not
,
and
the
Authority
of
the
Twelve
Peers
;
protesting
before
God
,
that
themselves
meant
not
,
nor
intended
any
other
thing
;
and
if
they
were
found
defective
in
any
point
,
a
speedy
Reformation
should
be
made
.
These
Letters
were
no
sooner
received
and
read
,
but
they
were
sent
to
the
King
,
who
demanded
of
the
Mayor
and
Citizens
whether
they
would
support
those
Laws
and
the
Twelve
Peers
,
or
renounce
them
;
but
fearing
their
Plunder
when
such
an
Army
was
at
their
Gates
,
they
Assembled
in
Common-Hall
,
and
agreed
to
send
the
King
Answer
,
That
they
would
stand
by
the
Laws
and
Peers
,
tho'
a
little
before
they
had
Sworn
to
the
King
to
stand
by
him
against
all
opposers
.
This
greatly
displeased
the
King
;
but
they
setting
light
by
his
Anger
,
received
the
Barons
with
their
Army
into
the
City
,
with
many
expressions
of
Joy
;
and
from
hence
they
Marched
to
Windsor
Castle
,
and
displaced
all
Strangers
,
rifling
them
of
what
they
had
gotten
by
their
Places
and
Offices
,
especially
such
as
the
Prince
had
put
into
Trust
;
this
yet
more
offended
the
King
:
But
his
Privy
Council
laboured
to
pacify
him
,
by
sending
to
the
Barons
to
restore
the
Goods
taken
from
the
Aliens
,
and
telling
him
that
from
thenceforth
none
but
himself
should
place
Persons
in
Trust
;
but
to
neither
of
these
the
Barons
would
accord
;
but
at
last
concluded
to
put
the
descision
of
the
Controversie
to
Lewis
the
French
King
,
and
inviolably
stand
to
his
Award
;
and
King
Henry
agreeing
to
it
,
Peace
for
a
time
ensued
;
and
the
Swords
on
both
sides
were
Sheathed
;
and
the
matter
Stated
on
either
part
being
controverted
before
the
French
King
,
it
was
by
him
Decreed
,
That
all
the
said
Ordinances
and
Laws
should
be
Annihilated
,
and
from
thenceforth
no
Authority
or
Power
should
be
left
in
the
Twelve
Peers
.
But
this
Sentence
was
so
distasteful
to
the
Barons
,
that
they
publickly
accused
him
of
Partiality
to
curry-favour
with
King
Henry
,
absolutely
refusing
to
stand
by
his
Award
;
and
so
strongly
were
they
bent
to
maintain
whatsoever
had
been
in
Parliament
Established
,
That
they
repaired
again
to
the
Marches
of
Wales
,
and
Levied
new
Forces
;
and
in
their
passage
to
London
,
Spoiled
and
Burnt
the
Goods
,
Lordships
and
Houses
of
Sr.
Roger
Mortimer
,
who
had
Counseled
the
King
against
them
:
To
oppose
their
Proceedings
,
Prince
Edward
Marched
with
the
Kings
Army
against
them
;
and
a
cruel
Battel
was
fought
for
the
space
of
a
whole
Day
,
in
which
the
Prince
Acted
Wonders
beyond
what
could
be
expected
from
his
Young
Years
:
But
most
of
his
Commanders
being
Slain
,
he
was
at
length
compelled
to
leave
the
Field
,
and
March
hastily
back
again
with
his
broken
Army
,
leaving
the
Barons
Masters
of
the
Field
.
After
this
Victory
,
the
Barons
Marched
their
Army
to
London
,
where
they
were
received
with
great
demonstrations
of
Joy
;
and
soon
after
the
Rifraff
of
the
City
,
contrary
to
the
minds
of
the
sober
Citizens
,
appointed
to
themselves
two
Captains
,
whom
they
stiled
Constables
of
London
;
and
made
Proclamation
,
That
all
who
were
affected
to
their
Party
should
take
Arms
,
upon
Ringing
the
great
Bell
at
St.
Pauls
;
and
so
Assembling
in
a
Tumultuous
manner
,
they
committed
many
Outrages
upon
the
Houses
of
those
that
did
not
approve
their
Proceedings
;
and
then
in
a
great
troop
went
to
the
Palace
of
Richard
,
King
Henry's
Brother
,
who
by
the
German
Princes
had
been
Elected
King
of
the
Romans
,
and
entering
it
by
force
,
seized
and
carried
away
all
his
Plate
,
Treasure
and
Rich
Furniture
,
pulling
down
and
defacing
,
for
the
most
part
,
that
stately
Building
.
This
made
him
,
of
a
Friend
,
ever
after
an
Enemy
to
the
City
and
Barons
:
For
whereas
before
he
had
laboured
a
Reconcilement
between
the
King
and
them
,
he
utterly
gave
over
that
good
office
,
and
exasperated
him
to
continue
the
War
against
them
;
so
that
the
King
having
notice
that
Sr.
Peter
Montfort
had
gathered
considerable
Forces
near
Northampton
,
declaring
for
the
Barons
,
he
Marched
thither
,
whereupon
Mountfort
retired
into
the
Town
with
his
Forces
,
and
was
straightly
Besieged
;
so
that
in
a
little
time
it
being
taken
by
Assault
,
he
with
Simon
the
Earl
of
Leicesters
Son
,
and
many
others
,
were
taken
Prisoners
,
and
disposed
of
in
several
Goals
,
till
a
further
course
could
be
taken
with
them
.
But
the
Barons
being
strong
in
the
Field
,
little
regarded
this
blow
,
but
advancing
their
Banners
near
Lewis
in
Sussex
,
gave
the
Kings
Army
Battel
,
which
continued
with
such
obstinate
cruelty
on
both
sides
,
that
Fathers
and
Sons
,
Brothers
and
other
near
Relations
Killed
one
another
without
Remorse
;
and
such
a
havock
was
made
,
that
the
Army
on
either
side
being
much
wasted
,
the
King
taken
Prisoner
with
his
Brother
,
&c.
after
Fourteen
Hours
desperate
Fighting
,
and
the
slaughter
of
20000
Men
on
both
sides
,
the
Royal
Party
by
these
Accidents
was
so
weakened
,
that
a
Treaty
ensued
;
and
it
was
Agreed
,
That
the
King
should
by
new
Articles
,
and
the
renewing
his
Oath
,
Confirm
the
Authority
granted
to
the
Twelve
Peers
,
and
all
the
Ordinances
and
Laws
;
with
this
Caution
notwithstanding
,
That
Two
Lords
Spiritual
,
and
Two
Temporal
,
should
take
a
View
of
,
and
Examine
the
said
Laws
and
Ordinances
,
and
if
they
saw
any
reason
to
Amend
or
Alter
them
,
they
might
do
it
,
and
if
they
agreed
not
in
their
Opinions
,
Then
the
Duke
of
Britany
as
Vmpire
,
should
be
invested
with
full
Power
to
Arbitrate
and
End
the
Difference
:
And
the
King
and
his
Brother
for
standing
to
this
,
had
their
Liberty
,
and
gave
their
two
Eldest
Sons
as
Hostages
,
who
upon
that
account
were
detained
in
the
Castle
of
Dover
about
nine
Months
.
Upon
this
the
King
called
a
Parliament
,
which
again
crossed
his
expectation
,
by
Confirming
and
Ratifying
the
Laws
of
the
Oxford
Parliament
,
and
Authority
of
the
Twelve
Peers
,
which
constrained
the
King
to
take
a
new
Oath
to
maintain
them
,
and
the
Peers
Authority
;
till
according
to
Agreement
,
if
any
thing
was
found
amiss
,
it
should
be
Reformed
,
&c.
and
all
such
as
in
those
Wars
,
or
otherwise
,
had
Maintained
them
,
were
Pardoned
by
the
King
:
Whereupon
the
Young
Princes
were
set
at
Liberty
.
But
soon
after
,
fell
a
Difference
between
the
Earls
of
Leicester
and
Gloucester
,
the
two
heads
of
the
Barons
Faction
,
which
made
them
divide
into
parties
to
decide
their
Quarrel
by
the
Sword
;
yet
the
King
,
fearing
this
might
Involve
many
of
his
Subjects
in
Ruin
,
and
shake
the
Quiet
of
the
whole
Kingdom
,
interposed
his
Authority
and
Mediation
to
make
them
Friends
:
But
whilst
this
was
doing
,
Prince
Edward
,
the
Kings
Son
,
taking
advantage
of
their
difference
,
departed
secretly
from
Court
,
and
consorting
with
the
Earls
of
Glocester
and
Warren
,
Sr.
Roger
Mortimer
,
and
others
,
they
raised
an
Army
on
the
Marches
of
Wales
,
and
fell
on
the
Earl
of
Leicesters
Forces
with
such
fury
,
near
Eversham
in
Worcestershire
,
that
they
totally
Routed
them
;
and
in
this
Battel
the
Earl
of
Leicester
,
Simon
his
Eldest
Son
,
Sr.
Hugh
Spencer
,
and
many
others
of
note
,
were
Slain
;
and
so
enraged
were
the
Soldiers
,
that
they
dispitefully
used
the
Earls
dead
Body
,
by
cuting
off
the
Head
,
Hands
,
Feet
,
and
Privy
Members
,
sending
them
into
divers
Shires
,
as
Trophies
of
their
Victory
.
This
turn
of
fortunate
Success
,
so
ellevated
the
drooping
King
,
that
he
resolved
utterly
to
throw
off
his
Fetters
,
and
assume
his
Kingly
Authority
uncontrouled
;
whereupon
,
whilst
his
Enemies
were
full
of
fear
and
mistrust
,
and
their
strength
in
a
manner
utterly
broken
,
he
summoned
a
Parliament
,
which
conforming
to
his
will
,
more
through
dread
of
his
Anger
,
than
voluntarily
,
Repealed
the
Laws
and
Ordinances
made
in
the
Oxford
Parliament
,
disannuling
the
Authority
of
the
Twelve
Peers
;
and
all
Patents
,
Commissions
,
and
Instruments
whatsoever
,
that
tended
to
the
Establishing
and
Ratifying
those
things
,
were
by
the
Kings
express
Commandment
brought
forth
,
publickly
Cancelled
and
made
void
;
by
which
means
he
regained
his
former
Power
and
Liberty
,
to
say
and
do
as
he
pleased
.
This
Parliament
was
no
sooner
ended
,
but
the
King
expressed
his
anger
towards
the
City
of
London
,
because
(
as
is
alledged
)
the
Rulers
and
Inhabitants
had
always
despised
him
,
and
taken
part
with
the
Barons
against
him
;
vowing
to
consume
it
with
Fire
,
and
leave
it
in
a
heap
of
Rubbish
,
as
a
lasting
Monument
of
their
Rebellion
to
succeeding
Ages
;
and
so
firmly
had
he
determined
it
,
That
all
his
Friends
and
Favorits
had
much
ado
to
avert
him
from
this
purpose
,
nor
could
it
be
done
,
till
the
Citizens
caused
an
Instrument
in
Writing
to
be
drawn
,
and
Ratified
it
with
their
common
Seal
,
by
which
they
Confessed
their
Rebellion
,
humbly
craving
Pardon
,
and
without
any
restraint
or
exception
submitted
their
Lands
,
Goods
,
Lives
,
and
the
whole
City
,
to
the
Kings
Grace
and
Mercy
:
Whereupon
paying
1000
Marks
Fine
,
they
were
Restored
to
their
Liberties
and
Customs
,
which
had
been
seized
into
the
Kings
hands
,
during
which
space
they
had
suffered
much
dammage
;
yet
for
what
Wrongs
soever
they
received
,
they
could
find
no
Redress
:
And
many
Robberies
and
Piracies
during
the
Wars
being
committed
by
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Cinque-Ports
,
to
hinder
his
Courts
of
Justice
being
pestered
with
many
Complaints
,
he
ordered
they
should
be
heard
in
the
Courts
within
the
Jurisdiction
of
those
Ports
;
where
the
Persons
agrieved
expecting
little
redress
,
because
the
Inhabitants
were
parties
,
few
Complaints
after
that
were
made
.
Gilbert
Clare
Earl
of
Glocester
,
by
his
revolt
from
the
Barons
,
and
joyning
his
Interest
with
the
Prince
,
expecting
high
preferment
for
the
success
that
had
given
the
King
all
these
Advantages
,
and
not
meeting
with
it
agreeable
to
his
mind
,
grew
angry
,
and
Meditating
Revenge
,
retired
from
Court
into
the
City
;
where
the
Citizens
forgeting
how
lately
they
had
been
Pardoned
,
and
the
danger
they
were
in
,
flocked
to
him
in
great
Numbers
,
and
then
Sallying
through
Temple
Bar
,
went
to
the
Kings
Palace
at
Westminster
,
which
they
Rifled
,
with
the
Houses
of
many
Court
Favourites
in
and
out
of
the
City
.
This
Outrage
made
the
King
pronounce
no
less
than
utter
Destruction
to
them
.
But
the
Prince
and
Kings
Counsellours
,
fearing
such
severity
might
renew
the
Civil
War
as
dangerous
as
ever
,
with
much
ado
pacified
him
so
far
,
that
he
Granted
a
Pardon
to
the
Earl
of
Glocester
,
and
all
that
had
Acted
in
the
late
Tumult
.
Yet
the
Earl
finding
but
cold
Entertainment
at
Court
,
fearing
some
mischief
might
befal
him
at
home
,
Made
it
his
request
to
the
King
that
he
would
send
him
with
an
Army
to
make
War
in
the
Holy
Land
.
This
motion
,
tho'
it
tended
to
much
charge
and
expence
,
pleased
the
King
well
;
for
he
considered
if
he
continued
at
home
he
would
still
be
Plotting
,
but
abroad
he
could
little
injure
the
quiet
of
the
Government
;
so
that
an
Army
being
raised
,
the
Earl
repented
him
of
his
Undertaking
,
and
feigned
so
many
causes
for
delay
,
that
the
King
took
the
Command
out
of
his
hand
,
and
gave
it
to
Prince
Edward
,
who
Transported
the
Army
into
Palestine
,
and
by
his
valorous
Acts
brought
such
a
Terror
on
the
Turks
and
Sarazens
,
That
they
seldom
,
if
they
could
avoid
it
,
adventured
themselves
against
the
Christians
in
that
Quarter
where
the
Prince
drew
up
;
and
the
Terror
of
his
coming
made
them
raise
the
Siege
of
the
City
of
Acon
,
which
they
had
pressed
hardly
for
a
long
time
,
with
100000
Men
;
which
made
them
secretly
contrive
his
Death
:
For
a
Sarazen
,
under
pretence
of
delivering
him
a
Letter
,
Stabbed
him
in
the
Arm
with
an
Impoisoned
Knife
;
whereupon
the
Prince
struck
him
down
with
his
Foot
,
and
upon
the
noise
,
his
Guards
coming
in
,
cut
the
Villan
in
pieces
;
yet
so
desperate
was
the
Wound
,
by
reason
of
the
venom
,
that
the
Surgeons
declared
,
That
unless
any
at
the
hazard
of
their
Lives
would
daily
suck
the
Wound
,
to
draw
away
the
Poison
,
his
Life
could
not
be
saved
;
this
,
when
all
his
Courtiers
strained
Courtesie
to
do
,
or
utterly
refused
,
was
undertaken
by
Elianor
his
virtuous
and
loving
Wife
,
Sister
to
the
King
of
Spain
,
who
had
accompanied
him
in
that
tedious
Journey
;
and
yet
she
was
not
at
all
injured
by
it
.
And
now
the
King
having
had
some
Peace
,
was
a
little
disturbed
by
a
Tumult
in
Norwich
,
who
Burnt
the
Monastery
of
the
Trinity
;
but
he
hasting
thither
,
they
dispersed
,
yet
escaped
not
so
,
for
a
strict
enquiry
being
made
into
the
matter
,
50
of
the
chief
Actors
were
Drawn
,
Hanged
and
Quartered
,
and
their
Quarters
Burned
.
Soon
after
this
,
the
King
fell
Sick
,
and
Dyed
at
the
Abby
of
St.
Edmund's
in
Suffolk
,
on
the
Sixteenth
of
November
,
Anno
Dom.
1275
,
in
the
57th
Year
of
his
Reign
,
and
65th
of
his
Age.
He
was
Buried
with
great
Magnificence
at
Westminster
.
In
this
Kings
Reign
,
an
Imposture
at
the
Provincial
Synod
at
Oxford
,
suffered
himself
to
be
Wounded
in
the
Hands
,
Feet
and
Sides
,
saying
he
was
Christ
;
and
a
Woman
that
went
about
with
him
called
herself
the
Virgin
Mary
;
but
being
taken
and
closed
up
between
two
Walls
,
they
there
miserably
perished
.
On
St.
Paul's
Day
in
the
15th
Year
of
his
Reign
,
such
an
unusual
Thunder
and
Lightening
happened
,
That
whilst
Roger
Niger
Bishop
of
London
was
at
Mass
,
in
St.
Paul's
,
the
Cathedral
was
so
shaken
,
that
the
People
verily
supposed
it
would
have
falln
,
and
that
they
should
have
been
burned
with
the
flashes
of
Lightening
;
whereupon
all
,
except
the
Bishop
and
Arch-Deacon
,
ran
out
;
but
it
being
more
terrible
abroad
,
they
fell
on
their
Faces
,
and
lay
as
astonished
near
an
Hour
.
There
also
appeared
as
it
were
four
Suns
,
besides
the
Natural
one
,
which
had
a
great
Circle
of
a
Chrystal
colour
;
and
after
St.
Martins
Day
,
it
began
to
Thunder
very
horribly
,
which
lasted
15
Days
.
The
Jews
at
Norwich
Stole
a
Boy
and
Circumcised
him
,
intending
to
have
Crucified
him
at
Easter
;
for
which
divers
were
Convicted
,
and
put
to
sundry
Punishments
.
In
the
20th
Year
of
the
King
,
the
Thames
over-flowed
its
Banks
,
so
that
Boats
were
Rowed
in
the
great
Palace-Yard
at
Westminster
,
and
also
in
the
midst
of
the
Hall
.
Pope
Gregory
the
Ninth
wrote
to
the
King
,
That
he
might
have
safe
conduct
to
come
and
see
England
;
but
was
denied
,
in
consideration
it
was
thought
he
did
it
with
an
intent
to
Embroyl
the
Kingdom
.
In
the
23d
of
the
King
a
great
Plague
happened
,
consuming
500000
People
of
all
Degrees
;
and
Newcastle
upon
Tyne
with
the
Bridge
,
was
consumed
by
Fire
;
and
two
Years
after
,
the
Sea
Flowed
without
any
considerable
Ebb
,
and
in
the
Night
by
the
fighting
of
the
Waves
seemed
all
on
Fire
;
making
a
terrible
Noise
,
which
was
heard
many
Miles
.
On
the
43d
of
the
Kings
Reign
a
Jew
at
Tewksbury
fell
into
a
Privy
on
a
Saturday
,
and
refused
to
be
helped
out
,
because
it
was
on
their
Sabbath
;
whereupon
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
Lord
Lieutenant
of
the
County
,
made
him
keep
our
Sunday
there
;
when
on
Monday
Morning
he
was
found
Dead
.
And
about
this
time
Dr.
Sternham
wrote
,
That
the
Sufficiency
of
Holy
Scripture
,
without
Tradition
or
Innovation
,
were
only
necessary
to
Salvation
;
and
Roger
Bacon
,
a
famous
Divine
of
Oxford
,
was
Imprisoned
and
severely
Persecuted
by
the
Pope
,
for
Preaching
against
the
Absurdities
of
the
Church
of
Rome
.
And
John
De
Warren
Earl
of
Surry
Killed
Alen
de
La
Zouch
in
Westminster-Hall
,
on
an
Affront
given
by
a
Jostle
.
Seven
Hundred
Jews
were
Slain
in
London
upon
an
Insurrection
,
because
one
of
them
had
extorted
more
than
two
Pence
per
Week
for
20
s.
Interest
.
Anno
Dom.
1269
,
the
Thames
was
so
hard
Frozen
,
that
Men
,
Cattle
and
Wains
,
passed
over
on
the
Ice
,
a
considerable
time
.
Anno
Dom.
1271
the
Steeple
of
Bow-Church
in
Cheapside
,
London
,
fell
;
and
in
the
fall
oppressed
many
People
which
were
slain
in
its
Ruines
.
Remarks
on
the
County
of
Rutland
.
RUtlandshire
,
or
the
County
of
Rutland
,
is
commodiously
Situate
among
divers
fertil
Shires
or
Counties
;
being
Bounded
with
Lincolnshire
,
Northamptonshire
,
and
Leicestershire
,
being
very
neatly
compacted
,
producing
some
considerable
sprinkling
of
Corn
,
but
more
Pasture
;
being
for
the
most
part
Plain
without
Hills
,
and
few
Woods
in
it
that
are
considerable
;
also
Cattle
,
Wooll
,
Fish
,
Fowl
,
and
many
other
things
,
worthy
to
Rank
it
with
the
rest
.
It
is
divided
into
5
Hundreds
,
containing
48
Parishes
,
2
Market
Towns
,
and
is
a
third
part
bordered
by
the
River
Weland
,
branching
into
many
pleasant
Streams
,
over
which
is
laid
a
very
advantageous
Bridge
,
leading
to
Barrowden
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
,
Two
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
RUTLAND
By
I.
Seller
.
map of Rutland
Whitwell
is
memorable
for
another
Overthrow
given
the
Danes
.
Scyten
is
noted
for
a
Speaking
Eagle
in
the
Reign
of
King
Harrold
the
Last
,
which
Prophesied
the
coming
in
of
the
Normans
,
and
the
Subjection
of
the
Kingdom
by
them
.
The
other
chief
Places
are
Whissenden
,
Ashwell
,
Barrow
,
Market-Overton
,
&c.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Exton
,
Brook
,
and
North
Luffingham
,
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Ganesborough
.
The
Gentry
have
some
Seats
here
,
but
not
very
many
of
any
note
.
In
this
County
were
formerly
many
Castles
,
but
Demolished
in
the
several
Civil
Wars
and
other
Commotions
that
have
happened
in
this
Kingdom
,
the
Ruinous
Foundations
of
many
yet
being
upon
digging
broke
up
.
I
find
but
Four
Parks
in
this
County
,
and
some
of
them
but
slenderly
stored
with
Deer
;
yet
there
are
many
Hares
,
some
Coneys
,
and
pleasant
Fishing
and
Fowling
at
the
proper
Seasons
.
The
Reign
of
King
EDWARD
the
First
(
since
the
Norman
Conquest
.
)
KING
Edward
had
News
of
his
Fathers
Death
when
he
was
Warring
in
the
Holy
Land
,
which
made
●im
settle
the
Affairs
of
the
Eastern
Christians
on
such
Terms
as
could
be
so
suddainly
obtained
,
very
advan●agious
for
them
;
and
so
returned
home
to
take
care
●f
his
more
near
concerns
,
his
Queen
in
this
Voyage
●eing
brought
to
bed
of
a
Daughter
.
Upon
his
Arrival
,
he
was
Received
by
the
Nobles
●nd
Commons
with
many
demonstrations
of
Joy
,
and
●n
a
few
Days
he
and
his
Queen
were
Crowned
by
Robert
Killwarby
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
having
disposed
of
divers
Trusts
and
places
of
Honour
,
giving
some
Largesses
to
ingratiate
himself
with
the
Higher
and
Lower
Degrees
,
he
called
a
Parliament
at
Westminster
,
and
thither
Llewellin
Prince
of
Wales
was
Summoned
to
do
Homage
for
the
Principality
he
held
.
But
he
taking
disgust
,
because
Elianor
Daughter
to
the
deceased
Earl
of
Leicester
was
taken
by
the
English
on
the
Seas
,
as
she
was
coming
from
France
in
order
to
Marry
him
,
not
only
refused
to
come
,
but
because
the
Lady
was
detained
from
him
,
raised
a
considerable
Army
of
Welshmen
,
and
Borderers
,
and
fell
into
Rebellion
,
entering
England
and
doing
great
Mischief
.
But
the
King
resolving
to
make
his
first
Expedition
Terrible
to
that
Languishing
Nation
,
raised
such
a
Power
as
Llewellin
found
himself
in
no
capacity
to
oppose
;
wherefore
leaving
his
Men
,
he
came
privately
to
the
King
,
and
prostrating
himself
begged
Pardon
;
protesting
that
his
Love
was
so
exceeding
great
to
the
Captive
Lady
,
that
nothing
but
the
hopes
of
Redeeming
her
,
and
entering
on
those
Nuptials
that
had
been
Agreed
on
at
the
Court
of
France
,
could
have
made
him
draw
his
Sword
;
so
that
if
she
might
be
given
to
his
Arms
,
he
would
from
thenceforth
live
in
Peace
and
Obedience
,
be
always
ready
to
use
his
Sword
at
the
Service
of
King
Edward
against
the
French
King
,
or
any
other
,
when
he
should
Command
it
.
King
Edward
upon
this
,
considering
his
Government
not
to
be
very
well
settled
,
and
that
the
French
King
much
relied
on
the
Disturbances
the
Welsh
could
give
when
he
designed
any
thing
against
England
,
freely
consented
to
what
he
demanded
;
and
upon
Llewellin's
Swearing
Fealty
,
the
Lady
was
put
into
his
possession
with
many
Rich
Presents
bestowed
on
her
at
her
departure
by
the
Queen
and
Court-Ladies
;
and
the
Nuptials
were
Solemnized
to
their
mutual
Satisfaction
.
Soon
after
this
King
Edward
,
in
Monumental
Honour
to
his
Queen
,
for
the
great
Love
she
had
shewed
in
Sucking
his
Envenomed
Wound
,
and
accompanying
him
in
the
Holy
Land
,
where
she
endured
many
hardships
,
raised
Crosses
in
the
most
Remarkable
Cross-ways
in
England
,
with
the
Arms
of
Spain
Quartered
with
those
of
England
,
and
the
Queens
Statue
in
Marble
on
the
most
Remarkable
of
them
;
and
remembering
the
Treacherous
Practices
of
the
Jews
against
him
Abroad
,
and
their
always
taking
part
with
the
Infidels
against
the
Christians
,
he
Banished
them
out
of
England
,
to
the
Number
of
15009
Persons
,
Confiscating
their
Goods
;
by
which
means
,
and
Fining
corrupt
Judges
and
Officers
,
he
replenished
his
Treasury
with
236000
Marks
.
And
about
this
time
Dr.
Scotus
,
called
Subtilis
,
Preached
against
the
Popes
laying
claim
to
St.
Peter's
Keys
,
his
abusing
the
Episcopal
Authority
,
as
also
that
Transubstantiation
(
which
wild
Notion
had
been
Introduced
not
long
before
)
was
contradictory
to
Scripture
and
common
Reason
;
but
the
Popish
Clergy
soon
Persecuted
him
into
silence
.
Long
had
not
the
Peace
continued
between
England
and
Wales
,
ere
Llewelling
by
the
rash
Perswasions
and
Incitement
of
his
Brother
David
(
a
Man
more
contentious
than
Provident
,
and
less
Valiant
than
Mutinous
,
and
yet
one
whom
the
King
did
extraordinarily
love
and
favour
)
fell
into
Rebellion
again
,
forgetting
his
Oath
,
which
made
him
little
prosper
in
his
Enterprize
to
enlarge
his
Borders
;
for
after
many
sharp
Encounters
with
Sr.
Roger
Mortimer
,
the
Kings
Lieutenant
on
the
Western
Marches
,
he
and
his
Brother
were
taken
,
their
Heads
struck
off
,
and
placed
on
the
Tower
of
London
:
Yet
their
followers
gave
not
over
,
but
kept
in
Parties
,
Ravaging
and
Spoiling
by
Incursions
within
the
English
Pale
,
and
then
with
their
Booty
retired
again
to
their
Woods
and
Fastnesses
,
where
they
had
builded
Huts
,
as
if
they
conceived
this
Trade
would
be
of
a
long
continuance
,
without
shifting
:
But
the
King
,
not
longer
able
to
bear
the
Cries
and
Complaints
of
his
suffering
Subjects
,
Marched
a
sufficient
Army
thither
,
but
not
finding
the
Enemy
in
the
Field
,
to
Ferret
them
out
he
caused
the
Woods
to
be
cut
down
and
consumed
with
Fire
;
whereupon
some
submitted
,
others
dyed
of
Cold
and
Hunger
in
their
Retreatments
,
and
many
of
the
Ringleaders
were
put
to
Death
by
sundry
manner
of
Executions
;
by
which
means
they
were
reduced
to
a
more
sociable
kind
of
life
,
and
began
to
practice
divers
commendable
Occupations
,
Arts
and
Sciences
,
and
took
some
pleasure
from
thenceforth
to
live
like
Honest
Men.
After
this
,
Alexander
King
of
Scots
,
by
a
fall
from
his
Horse
off
a
Cliff
by
the
Seaside
(
whither
,
upon
some
suddain
Fright
,
he
carried
him
furiously
)
breaking
his
Neck
,
and
leaving
no
Male
or
Female
Issue
,
his
three
Sisters
,
(
the
Eldest
of
which
was
Married
to
John
Baliol
Earl
of
Galloway
,
the
Second
to
Robert
Le
Bruce
,
Lord
of
Valley
Androw
,
and
the
Third
to
John
Hastings
,
Lord
of
Abergavennie
,
an
English
Peer
)
laid
claim
to
the
Crown
by
their
most
powerful
Friends
;
many
Disputes
passed
,
and
Reasonings
about
it
;
but
these
little
availing
,
it
came
at
last
to
the
Sword
,
which
for
many
Years
made
miserable
Havock
in
that
Kingdom
,
each
of
the
Competitors
laying
claim
to
the
Crown
in
Right
of
their
Wives
,
refering
the
Decision
of
their
Cause
to
King
Edward
,
under
whose
Ward
they
agreed
to
put
the
Government
till
matters
could
be
determined
;
whereupon
he
passed
into
Scotland
,
attended
with
a
considerable
Army
,
there
as
Soveraign
Lord
to
determine
the
Strife
,
and
put
the
state
of
Affairs
in
good
order
.
But
such
was
their
mutual
desires
to
Reign
,
that
no
perswasions
prevailed
to
make
any
one
of
them
recede
from
his
coveted
Soveraignty
;
yet
they
all
agreed
by
a
publick
Writing
under
their
Hands
and
Seals
to
refer
themselves
and
their
Titles
to
the
Censure
and
Judgment
of
King
Edward
;
and
by
the
same
Instrument
surrendered
the
Crown
and
Administration
of
Affaires
to
him
.
To
the
end
that
thereby
he
might
enable
himself
absolutely
to
possess
such
a
one
of
them
of
the
Kingdom
,
as
in
his
Judgment
ought
to
have
the
Regal
Dignity
conferred
on
him
;
and
with
the
Writing
he
received
their
several
Demands
and
Claims
fairly
drawn
up
,
with
the
Proofs
and
Arguments
to
maintain
them
:
Whereupon
he
Summoned
a
Council
of
Twenty
English
,
and
as
many
Scotch
Noblemen
,
Prelates
,
and
Lawyers
,
to
consider
and
advise
what
was
most
proper
to
be
done
in
this
great
Affair
;
and
when
he
had
duly
informed
himself
of
the
matter
,
and
was
well
satisfied
in
his
Conscience
about
it
,
he
gave
the
Definitive
Sentence
in
favour
of
John
Bailiol
who
had
Married
the
Eldest
of
the
Three
Sisters
,
and
he
(
upon
doing
Homage
to
King
Edward
)
received
from
him
the
Crown
and
Government
of
Scotland
.
Whilst
these
things
were
doing
,
the
French
supposing
the
King
over-busied
in
so
weighty
a
matter
,
and
not
altogether
at
leasure
to
mind
his
own
concerns
,
entered
into
Guyan
,
Gascoyne
,
and
other
his
Territories
beyond
the
Seas
,
taking
some
Towns
,
and
committing
many
Outrages
on
his
Subjects
,
and
their
Possessions
.
The
King
roused
upon
notice
of
this
in●ury
done
him
,
summoned
his
wonted
Courage
,
and
gave
speedy
orders
for
Levying
a
potent
Army
;
but
upon
computing
the
Charge
,
Money
was
found
in
a
great
measure
wanting
;
so
that
by
the
Advice
of
William
Marcbyan
his
Treasurer
he
exacted
it
of
the
Clergy
,
who
for
the
most
part
having
been
exempted
from
the
charge
of
former
Wars
,
were
grown
very
Rich
;
he
demanded
of
them
half
the
profit
of
their
Ecclesiastical
Revenues
,
seizing
into
his
hands
the
useless
or
superfluous
Plate
,
Jewels
,
and
Treasure
of
the
Churches
,
Abbies
,
Monasteries
,
and
other
Religious
Houses
and
Places
.
This
made
them
exceedingly
murmur
against
him
,
and
labour
to
Alienate
the
Hearts
of
his
Subjects
from
him
;
tho'
in
some
sort
he
was
not
wanting
to
give
them
satisfaction
,
by
promising
restitution
when
his
Treasure
should
by
encreased
;
and
tho'
they
little
relied
on
such
a
Promise
,
as
thinking
the
King
would
at
no
time
empty
his
own
Coffers
to
replenish
theirs
,
finding
they
should
be
stript
of
their
Treasure
without
remedy
,
they
found
out
another
way
,
as
they
supposed
,
to
make
themselves
amends
in
time
,
though
no
great
matter
presently
could
be
expected
from
it
.
There
had
been
a
Statute
Enacted
in
the
Fourth
Year
of
his
Reign
,
strictly
Prohibiting
the
giving
and
conveying
Lands
or
Tenements
to
any
Corporation
whatsoever
,
called
,
The
Statute
against
Mortmain
,
unless
with
the
Kings
consent
;
and
this
stood
in
the
way
,
especially
to
hinder
Persons
in
their
Wills
,
to
bequeath
any
thing
of
that
kind
to
the
Church
or
Religious
Houses
:
This
they
prayed
might
be
Revoked
,
But
he
Replyed
,
As
of
himself
he
could
make
no
Laws
,
so
without
the
Consent
of
Parliament
much
less
could
he
Annihilate
them
;
(
for
he
was
honester
than
to
pretend
to
a
Dispensing
Power
)
and
tho'
this
vexed
them
inwardly
to
be
frustrated
of
all
that
could
be
expected
to
their
advantage
,
yet
such
was
the
power
he
had
gained
ove●
them
,
that
they
durst
not
express
any
outward
dislike
of
his
Proceedings
.
After
this
he
imposed
a
Subsidy
upon
every
Sack
o●
Wooll
,
also
upon
all
Flesh
,
and
Hides
that
were
to
b●
Transported
out
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
further
to
maintain
his
Wars
,
required
the
tenth
part
of
every
Mans
Substance
,
or
moveable
Goods
,
compelling
the
Clergy
over
and
above
to
bring
into
his
Treasury
all
such
Sums
of
Money
as
they
had
promised
to
remit
to
Rome
for
the
Popes
use
,
towards
the
maintenance
of
the
War
against
the
Turks
and
other
Infidels
in
the
Holy
Land
,
and
so
having
sufficient
,
he
Transported
his
Armies
,
sending
with
them
,
besides
other
Necessaries
,
100000
Quarters
of
Wheat
for
their
Subsistance
;
where
many
Battels
were
Fought
between
the
English
and
French
in
Guyan
,
Gascoyne
,
and
other
Provinces
;
the
former
being
mostly
Victorious
,
recovering
many
places
,
and
driving
the
Enemy
for
the
most
part
out
of
his
Territories
there
.
But
whilst
the
King
was
intent
to
go
over
and
finish
what
had
been
so
well
begun
and
carried
on
;
the
French
King
,
as
much
as
in
him
lay
,
to
cross
his
proceedings
,
had
made
a
Faction
in
Scotland
against
the
new
King
,
who
compelled
him
to
renounce
his
Allegiance
to
King
Edward
,
and
send
Defiance
to
him
;
nor
was
this
all
,
but
with
an
Army
hastily
gathered
,
he
entered
and
wasted
the
Northern
parts
of
England
,
Slaying
,
Burning
and
Plundering
without
Pity
or
Remorse
:
Whereupon
King
Edward
,
recounting
his
manifold
Favours
,
and
the
great
love
he
had
to
the
Revolted
King
of
Scots
;
this
base
Ingratitude
so
stirred
his
Anger
,
That
he
resolved
a
bloody
chastisement
should
be
the
punishment
of
his
unthankfullness
:
Whereupon
recalling
some
of
his
Forces
,
and
raising
more
,
he
Marched
to
the
succour
of
his
Subjects
;
and
such
was
his
good
Fortune
,
that
in
a
little
time
he
met
with
and
fought
the
Scotch
Army
,
slaying
25000
of
them
,
winning
the
strong
Castles
of
Berwick
and
Dunbar
,
and
soon
after
the
City
of
Edenburough
,
with
many
other
places
of
note
;
which
made
King
John
too
late
see
his
Errors
,
and
to
what
distress
his
rashness
had
driven
him
:
However
,
thinking
to
find
Favour
by
an
humble
submission
,
or
at
least
prevent
the
further
Ruin
and
Desolation
of
his
Country
,
he
came
and
cast
himself
at
King
Edwards
Feet
,
wholle
submitting
,
with
himself
the
Crown
and
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
to
be
at
his
dispose
,
in
expectation
to
have
been
Restored
;
but
King
Edward
,
resenting
very
heinously
his
ungrateful
proceedings
,
sent
him
under
a
strong
Guard
to
the
Tower
of
London
;
yet
ordered
him
allowance
of
Liberty
,
Diet
,
and
Attendance
,
as
became
his
state
;
when
Marching
from
Sea
to
Sea
,
without
any
farther
resistance
,
he
settled
the
Affaires
of
Scotland
,
committing
the
Government
of
the
Kingdom
to
John
Warren
Earl
of
Surry
,
as
his
Lieutenant
;
Constituting
Hugh
Cressingham
Lord
Treasurer
,
and
William
Barnsley
his
Chief
Justice
;
confining
some
of
the
Rebellious
Scots
within
the
Marches
of
England
,
that
they
might
be
disabled
from
giving
any
Disturbance
in
his
Absence
;
and
so
returned
in
Triumph
,
with
great
Honours
,
and
high
applause
of
his
Subjects
.
The
King
being
now
at
leasure
to
remember
the
Injuries
the
French
had
done
him
,
and
resolving
to
Revenge
them
,
Leagued
with
Guy
Earl
of
Flanders
,
and
Transported
an
Army
thither
,
and
Fought
with
Robert
Earl
of
Arthois
,
whome
he
Routed
,
taking
many
Towns
and
Fortresses
on
the
Frontiers
;
which
made
the
French
King
play
over
the
game
again
of
stirring
up
the
Scots
to
Rebellion
,
hoping
by
that
means
to
constrain
him
to
return
;
but
on
the
contrary
,
he
appointed
Henry
Piercy
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
his
General
for
that
War
;
who
mannaged
it
with
that
Prudence
,
that
after
some
Marching
,
Training
them
into
the
open
Field
,
he
gave
them
Battel
with
incredible
Slaughter
,
so
that
many
Miles
of
Ground
were
in
a
manner
covered
with
their
dead
Bodies
,
by
which
great
Overthrow
they
found
themselves
constrained
to
return
to
their
former
Obedience
;
so
that
the
French
King
perceiving
his
Project
took
not
on
that
side
,
seemed
very
desirous
to
try
his
Strength
with
King
Edward
in
the
Field
;
but
his
Courage
failing
,
he
reposing
more
confidence
in
his
Policy
than
Valour
,
he
proceeded
to
tamper
about
proposals
of
Love
and
Amity
,
that
might
settle
a
lasting
Peace
;
and
King
Edward
being
now
a
Widower
,
he
earnestly
solicited
him
to
take
his
Sister
to
Wife
,
to
make
the
Alliance
stronger
;
which
by
the
cunning
subtilty
of
some
Courtiers
,
Bribed
by
the
French
King
,
was
brought
about
;
and
Peace
ensued
after
a
tedious
War
that
had
caused
much
Bloodshead
.
So
the
King
with
his
Queen
returned
home
,
and
soon
after
he
made
Prince
Edward
his
Son
,
who
had
been
Born
at
Carnarvan
in
Wales
,
the
better
to
ingratiate
himself
with
those
People
,
Prince
of
Wales
and
Earl
of
Chester
;
and
to
gain
the
Hearts
of
the
Londoners
,
he
restored
them
those
Liberties
his
Father
had
deprived
them
of
,
and
without
which
they
had
continued
the
space
of
Twelve
Years
;
during
which
time
a
Governour
was
set
over
them
by
the
King
,
and
their
Magistrates
chosen
by
his
order
.
But
whilst
things
were
well
ordering
at
home
,
the
Scots
again
fell
into
Rebellion
:
Whereupon
the
King
sent
to
demand
their
Ring-leaders
,
who
had
drawn
them
into
this
danger
,
(
which
principally
was
one
Wallis
,
a
Gentleman
of
an
inveterate
Spirit
against
the
English
Nation
)
with
a
promise
of
Pardon
to
all
the
rest
,
upon
their
laying
down
their
Arms
;
or
else
threatned
to
waste
the
Country
with
Fire
and
Sword
from
Sea
to
Sea
,
and
spare
none
of
that
Nation
he
should
find
in
his
way
.
But
driven
on
by
their
hard
Fate
,
they
were
Deaf
to
these
Proposals
,
making
yet
greater
preparations
to
weather
(
as
they
thought
)
the
Storm
they
could
not
but
expect
;
and
so
upon
the
Kings
entering
the
Marches
of
Scotland
,
they
bid
him
Battel
;
where
,
before
the
Armies
joyned
,
he
made
them
the
same
Offers
,
which
they
seemed
to
reject
with
scorn
;
so
the
Bloody
Blast
being
sounded
by
the
order
of
the
Incensed
King
,
who
resolved
now
to
Scourge
them
in
earnest
,
the
English
fell
on
with
such
fury
and
violence
,
that
they
broke
,
like
a
Tempest
,
into
the
Scots
Battel
,
carrying
all
before
them
,
so
that
a
miserable
slaughter
ensued
,
and
the
King
pressing
too
furiously
upon
those
that
Fled
,
in
the
eagerness
of
the
Pursuit
,
fell
from
his
Horse
,
and
broke
two
of
his
Ribs
;
yet
he
lightly
remounting
,
and
not
regarding
his
Hurt
,
drove
them
out
of
the
Field
with
the
slaughter
of
32000
of
them
;
he
not
now
(
as
at
other
times
)
restraining
the
Swords
of
his
Soldiers
,
but
gave
scope
and
encouragement
to
their
thirst
of
Revenge
,
and
in
this
Battel
fell
the
flower
of
the
Scots
Nobility
and
Gentry
;
but
on
our
side
very
few
were
slain
;
some
Historians
make
mention
but
of
28
of
all
Degrees
,
tho'
that
seemes
too
Partial
.
But
in
comparison
of
the
Scots
,
they
were
certainly
very
inconsiderable
.
The
Prisoners
that
were
taken
were
not
many
,
by
reason
few
were
spared
in
the
Fight
,
or
in
the
pursuit
that
were
overtaken
;
so
that
the
small
remainder
of
the
Nobles
came
and
Humbled
themselves
before
the
King
,
charging
the
fault
on
such
as
they
said
had
justly
received
their
Deserts
by
being
slain
in
the
Battel
;
and
this
Submission
,
upon
their
taking
a
new
Oath
of
Fealty
and
Homage
,
was
accepted
;
and
returning
home
,
upon
the
earnest
request
of
Pope
Boniface
the
Eighth
,
he
Released
John
the
Deposed
King
of
Scots
out
of
the
Tower
,
who
went
to
Normandy
to
live
quietly
there
on
Lands
alotted
him
,
called
Bayliolls
Lordship
or
Lands
;
where
falling
Blind
,
and
being
much
in
Years
,
he
Dyed
,
leaving
his
Estate
to
his
Son
Edward
.
However
his
Death
put
not
an
end
to
the
Scots
Troubles
;
for
they
had
not
long
enjoyed
Peace
,
but
forgetting
their
Oaths
,
or
at
least
despising
all
conditions
with
the
English
,
they
again
Revolted
,
and
again
felt
the
same
Scourge
of
War
,
the
King
taking
by
force
and
surrender
all
the
strong
Castles
and
Fortresses
into
his
hands
,
and
Oath
of
the
Justices
,
Mayors
,
and
Officers
of
the
several
Towns
and
Forts
;
and
having
disposed
all
things
to
the
best
advantage
,
and
settled
the
Government
in
trusty
hands
,
he
brought
away
the
Crown
,
Robes
of
State
,
and
Marble
Chair
from
Scone
,
in
which
the
Scots
Kings
had
always
been
Crowned
;
and
placed
the
latter
in
the
Kings
Chappel
at
Westminster
;
and
on
it
there
is
said
to
be
a
Prophetick
Latin
Distick
;
in
English
to
this
Effect
:
Where
e'er
this
Stone
is
Plac'd
,
the
Scot
shall
find
;
And
there
shall
Rule
,
for
there
his
Reign
's
Assign'd
:
This
may
indeed
seem
to
be
verified
in
the
Union
of
the
two
Kingdoms
under
King
James
the
First
,
of
the
Scotish
Line
.
But
to
proceed
.
As
soon
as
King
Edward
was
returned
from
his
Journey
,
he
caused
an
Enquiry
(
which
was
termed
Troli
Baston
)
to
be
made
in
all
his
Dominions
of
the
Misdemeanors
and
Oppressions
of
his
Officers
and
others
;
so
that
the
Number
of
the
Transgressors
were
so
many
,
that
heavy
Fines
being
laid
on
them
,
and
they
like
so
many
full
Spunges
Squeezed
of
their
Unjust
Gains
into
the
Kings
Coffers
,
they
were
plentifully
replenished
thereby
;
not
only
to
Pay
off
old
Debts
,
but
to
Recompence
such
as
had
at
their
own
Expence
faithfully
Served
him
in
his
Wars
;
and
among
other
Complaints
,
Dr.
Langton
Bishop
of
Chester
Exhibited
one
to
the
King
against
Prince
Edward
,
whom
he
said
at
the
Instigation
of
Pierce
Gaveston
,
his
Loose
and
Evil
Counsellor
,
had
forcibly
broken
into
his
Parks
,
wounded
his
Servants
,
and
destroyed
his
Game
:
Whereupon
the
Prince
was
committed
to
Prison
during
the
Kings
pleasure
,
and
Gaveston
Banished
upon
pain
of
Death
,
never
to
return
into
the
Land
;
and
Edward
Earl
of
Cornwal
,
Son
to
Richard
King
of
the
Romans
Dying
without
Issue
,
he
gave
that
Earldom
to
Prince
Edward
;
which
Title
,
with
that
of
Chester
,
have
been
since
inseparable
from
the
Princes
of
Wales
.
A
Peace
being
now
had
in
Scotland
,
things
remained
quiet
for
a
time
;
during
which
space
,
Robert
Bruce
,
one
of
the
Competitors
,
came
with
divers
Nobles
to
the
English
Court
,
and
was
highly
Entertained
;
which
they
did
only
for
a
shew
,
whilst
they
were
dealing
underhand
with
the
Pope
to
favour
their
Cause
;
nor
was
he
slow
in
it
,
but
sent
an
Instrument
in
Writing
by
which
he
pretended
to
lay
claim
to
the
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
as
holden
of
the
See
of
Rome
;
wherein
King
Edward
was
peremptorily
required
to
surcease
from
all
Demands
of
Tenure
and
Soveraignty
over
it
.
But
he
stoutly
Answered
by
his
Ambassadors
,
That
it
did
belong
to
the
Kings
of
England
,
and
not
unto
the
See
of
Rome
,
or
to
any
other
;
requiring
him
to
revoke
his
unjust
Claim
,
for
that
both
he
and
his
Nobles
were
resolved
to
maintain
his
Right
therein
at
the
hazard
of
their
Lives
and
Estates
;
and
the
Ambassador
shewing
the
Hands
and
Seals
of
the
Nobles
,
and
most
of
the
Prelates
of
England
,
that
had
Sworn
to
this
Resolution
;
the
old
Blade
with
the
Leaden
Sword
drew
in
his
Horns
;
whereupon
Bruce
secretly
withdrew
and
raised
Tumults
in
Scotland
:
Yet
the
King
forced
him
to
fly
into
Norway
,
where
he
remained
;
till
in
Edward
the
Seconds
Reign
he
returned
to
broach
new
Troubles
.
But
the
King
,
upon
his
Marching
through
Scotland
,
Dyed
;
commanding
in
his
Last
Will
,
That
his
Son
should
SHROP
SHIRE
By
John
Seller
map of Shropshire
carry
his
Bones
with
him
,
till
he
had
utterly
Subdued
the
Rebells
;
and
that
Gaveston
should
not
be
Recalled
from
Banishment
;
also
that
his
Heart
should
be
carried
to
the
Holy
Land
,
and
there
Buried
:
He
began
his
Reign
November
16
,
Anno
Dom.
1272
,
and
Reigned
34
Years
,
7
Months
and
21
Days
;
being
the
29th
Sole
Monarch
of
England
.
He
Dyed
of
a
Dyssentery
at
Burg
upon
Sands
,
July
7
,
Anno
Dom.
1307
,
in
the
69th
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
was
Buried
at
Westminster
.
In
the
Third
Year
of
this
Kings
Reign
,
on
St.
Nicholas
Day
,
very
terrible
Thunders
,
Earthquakes
and
Lightenings
happened
;
also
a
great
Fiery
Dragon
in
the
Air
and
a
Blazing
Star
,
which
much
amazed
the
People
.
In
the
Year
1288
the
Summer
was
so
Scorching
,
that
many
Dyed
of
extream
Heat
;
yet
Wheat
was
Sold
at
2
s.
8
d.
the
Quarter
,
and
all
Corn
at
a
proportionable
rate
;
but
the
Year
following
,
by
reason
of
the
great
Rains
that
fell
,
Wheat
was
raised
to
20
s.
a
Quarter
,
and
so
continued
near
Forty
Years
,
which
was
in
those
times
accounted
a
great
Dearth
.
Anno
Dom.
1299
the
Kings
Palace
at
Westminster
with
the
Buildings
of
the
Monastery
,
were
consumed
with
Fire
;
and
a
great
Whale
coming
up
the
River
,
was
struck
and
taken
over-against
Erif
,
being
40
Foot
Long
,
and
proportionable
in
Bulk
,
&c.
Remarks
on
Shropshire
,
&c.
SHropshire
is
commodiously
situated
,
intermixed
with
Hills
,
Plains
,
Woods
,
Forrests
,
Chaces
,
&c.
and
produces
Corn
,
Rich
Pastures
,
Cattle
,
and
many
other
things
,
to
the
advantage
of
the
Inhabitants
.
It
is
Bounded
with
Cheshire
,
Staffordshire
,
Worcestershire
,
Herefordshire
,
Radnorshire
,
Mongomeryshire
,
and
Denbyshire
:
It
contains
15
Hundreds
,
divided
into
170
Parishes
,
and
ha●
in
it
14
Market
Towns
,
and
18
great
and
small
Rivers
,
branching
mostly
from
the
Severn
;
which
plentifully
Waters
this
Shire
and
others
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
12
,
viz.
Bishops-Castle
2
,
Bridgnorth
2
,
Ludlow
2
,
Shrewsbury
2
,
Wenlock
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
In
Shropshire
,
besides
Shrewsbury
,
the
County
Town
,
a
noted
Mart
for
Cloath
and
Frizes
brought
from
Wales
,
and
thence
dispersed
into
divers
parts
of
England
,
There
are
Remarkable
Ruins
of
some
Antient
Places
,
which
were
certainly
Towns
or
Cities
of
great
splendor
;
as
Workcester
Uriconium
the
antient
Usoconia
,
of
which
Okenyat
is
a
small
remainder
;
Oswalstree
retaines
its
Name
from
Oswald
the
11th
King
of
Northumberland
,
who
was
here
Slain
in
Battel
by
Penda
King
of
the
Mercians
;
The
other
Towns
of
Note
are
Wellynton
,
Newport
,
Braynton
,
&c.
At
Shrewsbury
,
and
other
places
on
the
Severn
,
is
taken
a
Fish
called
a
Mort
,
in
Taste
like
a
Salmon
;
at
Pitchford
is
a
Well
whose
Water
casts
up
a
Scum
of
Liquid
Bitumen
,
and
near
Oswaldstree
is
a
Vestigia
of
a
Roman
Camp
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Pepperhill
,
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
;
Highercal
and
Eyton
,
to
the
Lord
Viscount
Newport
;
Cherbury
,
to
the
Lord
Herbert
Baron
of
Cherbury
;
It
has
also
in
it
13
Bridges
,
13
Castles
,
7
Forrests
,
and
27
Parks
.
The
Seats
of
the
Gentry
are
likewise
very
pleasant
,
and
there
is
almost
every
where
great
store
of
Game
,
and
abundance
of
Fish
.
The
Reign
of
EDWARD
the
Second
(
usually
called
Edward
of
Carnarvan
.
)
EDWARD
the
Second
Succeeded
his
Father
in
the
Throne
;
but
having
been
brought
up
tenderly
,
and
given
too
much
to
Flatterers
and
loose
Company
,
he
very
early
gave
the
Nobles
cause
to
distast
his
Government
;
for
tho'
his
Father
in
his
Last
Will
had
strictly
Prohibited
his
Recalling
Peirce
Gaveston
from
Banishment
,
a
Person
who
by
his
evil
Example
and
pernicious
Counsels
had
been
the
great
Debaucher
of
his
Younger
Years
,
yet
he
did
it
,
tho'
contrary
to
the
Mind
of
his
People
in
general
;
and
to
despite
them
the
more
,
took
him
into
his
particular
Favour
,
Vowing
if
it
lay
in
his
power
he
would
willingly
share
the
Kingdom
with
him
,
heaping
Honours
on
him
,
and
Liberally
opening
his
Coffers
to
him
;
so
that
he
no
sooner
asked
,
but
his
desires
were
granted
.
This
much
perplexed
the
Nobles
,
and
made
them
Remonstrate
to
the
King
the
ill
consequences
that
were
likely
to
follow
on
such
his
Proceedings
,
putting
him
in
mind
of
his
dying
Fathers
charge
to
him
,
and
urging
many
other
things
;
but
he
little
regarded
them
;
so
that
perceiving
the
King
entirely
to
doat
on
this
upstart
Favourite
,
who
thereupon
grew
very
Proud
and
Insolent
,
advancing
him
to
the
Barony
of
Wallingford
,
and
Earldom
of
Cornwal
,
making
him
Master
of
his
Jewels
and
Treasure
,
a
great
part
of
which
he
sent
beyond
the
Seas
,
to
provide
for
himself
against
such
a
Storm
as
he
might
reasonably
expect
,
They
for
a
time
held
their
peace
;
tho'
they
inwardly
grieved
at
the
Miscarriage
of
things
.
The
King
was
now
Married
to
Isabel
Daughter
to
Philip
the
French
King
,
a
Lady
of
admirable
Beauty
,
but
of
a
haughty
Mind
,
impatient
of
Injuries
;
yet
this
Loose
Favourite
,
to
cross
her
,
because
he
stood
not
high
in
her
esteem
,
laboured
by
introducing
fresh
Beauties
to
the
King
,
to
Alienate
him
from
her
Society
and
Bed
,
carried
him
often
to
Revellings
,
and
made
him
Drink
to
Excess
,
that
his
Conscience
might
not
find
any
deliberate
time
to
Check
him
for
his
Lawless
Enterprizes
.
The
Queen
at
this
was
both
Grieved
and
Angry
,
labouring
however
,
by
all
mild
ways
and
endearing
perswasions
to
Reclaim
the
King
,
laying
before
him
his
Unkindness
to
one
that
so
tenderly
Loved
and
Honoured
him
,
and
the
Scandal
and
Contempt
he
would
cause
of
himself
among
his
People
,
if
he
who
was
placed
in
so
eminent
a
Station
,
to
give
good
Examples
to
others
,
as
Patterns
for
them
to
follow
,
shewed
in
himself
such
an
evil
one
;
Intreating
him
to
follow
the
Prudence
and
Heroick
Virtues
of
his
Father
,
and
not
despising
the
sober
Advice
of
his
Grave
Counsellors
,
harken
to
and
be
lead
away
by
base
Parasites
and
Flatterers
.
But
the
King
,
not
regarding
what
she
said
,
tho'
the
People
at
the
same
time
greatly
Murmured
and
spoke
evil
of
him
for
his
Loose
and
Un-Princely
manner
of
Living
,
as
also
of
Gaveston
to
whom
they
bore
an
irreconcileable
hatred
:
The
Nobles
found
themselves
constrained
(
for
redressing
these
Mischiefs
)
and
preventing
greater
,
that
threatened
the
Kingdom
,
To
Petition
the
King
for
Gaveston's
Banishment
;
wherein
they
set
forth
his
evil
Practices
and
Faults
,
with
the
Sorrow
of
his
Majesties
best
affected
Subjects
,
for
that
he
(
more
than
was
fit
or
comely
)
was
Guided
and
Governed
by
that
unworthy
Favourite
;
earnestly
entreating
his
Highness
he
would
be
pleased
(
for
preventing
such
Mischiefs
as
were
otherwise
likely
to
ensue
)
To
Banish
that
Lewd
Person
from
his
Court
and
Kingdom
.
The
King
upon
this
,
fearing
some
danger
threatned
if
he
refused
to
comply
with
his
Nobles
,
whom
he
found
resolutely
bent
no
longer
to
suffer
such
Indignities
as
Gaveston
had
put
upon
them
;
tho'
much
against
his
will
,
agreed
he
should
be
sent
into
Ireland
;
which
accordingly
was
done
;
yet
the
King
sent
after
him
many
comfortable
Messages
,
and
at
length
constituted
him
his
Lieutenant
of
that
Kingdom
,
sending
him
store
of
Plate
,
Jewels
,
and
Corn
to
maintain
his
State
and
Gran●ure
;
by
which
he
might
conclude
his
Banishment
but
●n
Honourable
Embassy
,
and
an
occasion
presented
●hereby
to
the
King
to
make
him
more
Rich
and
Po●ent
.
Besides
all
this
,
the
Kings
discontents
and
passions
●or
his
Absence
,
appeared
to
be
so
many
and
great
,
That
the
Nobles
were
grieved
for
the
perplexities
of
●is
Mind
;
which
made
them
(
in
hopes
of
his
Favourites
●●ture
amendment
of
all
things
that
had
been
found
●miss
in
him
,
after
this
Humbling
)
of
their
own
accord
Petition
the
King
that
he
might
be
Recalled
:
But
●ike
the
Leopards
Spots
,
his
Vices
were
so
natural
to
him
,
and
so
inherent
in
him
,
that
he
was
nothing
changed
;
but
upon
his
return
grew
more
Insolent
than
●ever
,
which
occasioned
him
but
a
short
time
;
for
at
the
●ncessant
Importunities
of
the
Nobles
,
he
was
again
Banished
into
Flanders
;
yet
remained
not
long
,
ere
the
King
(
impatient
of
his
Absence
)
Recalled
him
without
the
consent
of
his
Nobles
;
and
to
Agrandize
him
the
more
,
Married
him
to
his
Kinswoman
the
Earl
of
Glocesters
Daughter
,
a
Virtuous
and
Honourable
Lady
;
when
bearing
himself
much
on
this
Alliance
,
he
grew
to
such
a
height
,
that
he
scorned
the
greatest
Peers
in
England
;
and
in
his
State
,
Attendance
,
and
Table
,
out●ied
even
the
King
;
Glorying
and
openly
boasting
how
he
Ruled
the
King
;
and
by
what
ways
he
had
misle●
him
.
This
however
did
him
no
kindness
,
for
the
King
●●●ding
he
could
no
longer
Protect
him
against
the
potent
Nobles
and
the
clamours
of
the
Common
People
,
which
●hreatned
ruin
in
his
stay
,
he
was
constrained
to
part
with
him
a
Third
time
.
But
the
●oise
and
discontents
by
his
Absence
was
no
sooner
pacified
and
alay'd
,
but
the
King
sent
to
him
privately
to
Return
,
tho'
very
fatal
to
him
;
for
upon
his
Landing
,
entering
into
the
Castle
of
Scarborough
,
he
was
there
Besieged
and
taken
by
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
and
with
the
consent
of
the
Earls
of
Lancaster
and
Hereford
,
carried
to
Warwick-Castle
,
and
Beheaded
.
The
King
had
no
sooner
notice
of
the
untimely
end
of
his
Favourite
,
but
in
a
vehement
passion
he
Cursed
those
Noblemen
,
and
expressed
his
Anger
and
Vows
of
Revenge
in
many
threatning
terms
:
But
Time
rendering
him
cooler
,
and
the
Reasons
that
were
given
for
their
hasty
Proceedings
,
he
Pardoned
them
,
in
consideration
that
all
which
belonged
to
Gaveston
,
should
be
put
into
his
hands
.
However
his
inclinations
were
such
that
he
could
not
be
long
without
a
Favourite
,
to
whom
he
might
impart
his
Secrets
on
all
occasions
;
wherefore
he
made
Sr.
Hugh
Spencer
,
and
Hugh
his
Son
,
of
his
Cabinet
Council
;
raising
them
from
a
mean
Estate
,
to
Lord
it
over
the
Nobles
;
and
whatever
he
did
of
any
importance
,
was
by
their
Advice
and
Direction
;
he
made
the
Elder
of
them
Earl
of
Winchester
,
and
gave
to
both
of
them
many
Honourable
Places
and
Offices
,
which
caused
them
to
become
more
Insolent
than
Gaveston
,
and
altogether
as
much
hated
in
a
little
time
.
Robert
Bruce
,
mentioned
in
the
foregoing
Reign
,
upon
notice
of
these
Disorders
in
England
,
thought
it
was
now
a
fit
time
for
him
to
possess
himself
of
the
Crown
of
Scotland
;
and
therefore
returning
from
Norway
,
he
was
Joyfully
received
by
the
Scots
,
as
well
Nobles
as
Commons
;
and
was
by
them
a
second
time
Crowned
King
;
whereupon
he
Levied
a
great
Army
,
and
entered
into
the
English
Marches
,
miserably
wasting
the
Country
as
he
passed
,
with
Fire
and
Sword
;
which
made
King
Edward
shake
off
his
soft
repose
,
and
hasten
to
the
Field
;
whose
coming
put
a
stop
to
the
torent
,
and
made
the
Scots
retire
beyond
the
Tweed
.
Whereupon
King
Edward
having
strengthened
his
Army
,
entered
Scotland
,
doing
great
Damage
;
but
was
at
Bannocks
Bourn
Encountered
by
King
Robert
,
who
Surprisingly
fell
upon
the
English
,
by
reason
of
their
remissness
,
and
the
unwillingness
of
some
of
the
Nobles
to
Engage
,
because
King
Edward
had
given
the
great
Commands
into
the
hands
of
mean
Persons
by
the
Advice
of
the
Spencers
;
and
after
a
bloody
and
long
Fight
,
totally
Routed
them
.
And
here
King
Edward
,
through
bad
conduct
,
having
been
a
Spectator
of
the
slaughter
of
many
Valiant
Men
,
(
among
which
were
Gilbert
D'
Clare
Earl
of
Glocester
,
and
42
other
Lords
,
with
more
than
60
Knights
and
Baronets
,
besides
22
of
Note
,
who
were
taken
Prisoners
)
he
was
compelled
for
his
own
safety
to
hasten
back
for
England
(
leaving
all
his
Treasure
,
Amunition
and
Baggage
behind
him
,
and
22000
common
Soldiers
Slain
and
made
Prisoners
)
exceedingly
disconsolated
and
perplexed
;
where
he
soon
found
new
Troubles
:
For
one
John
Poldras
,
a
Tanners
Son
of
Exeter
in
Devonshire
,
boldly
affirming
himself
to
be
the
truly
begotten
Son
of
Edward
the
First
,
aledging
that
he
was
changed
by
his
Nurse
in
his
Cradle
for
a
Carters
Child
,
raised
by
this
Chimera
strange
Commotions
,
many
People
believing
by
King
Edwards
proceedings
,
so
disagreeable
to
those
of
the
preceding
King
,
that
there
was
some
ground
of
truth
in
it
.
He
also
offered
divers
colourable
Proofs
for
what
he
said
,
and
among
others
he
strongly
insisted
on
the
unworthy
and
sordid
conditions
of
the
King
,
sorting
to
none
so
fitly
as
to
one
of
obscure
and
common
Birth
;
so
that
a
great
many
of
the
Commons
in
those
parts
unadvisedly
flocked
to
him
,
and
owned
him
for
their
True
King
,
looking
on
Edward
as
a
Changling
;
but
they
in
a
hot
Skirmish
being
Defeated
,
the
Impostor
was
taken
Prisoner
,
and
confessed
his
Treason
and
Folly
,
but
not
any
one
that
set
him
on
work
,
and
encouraged
him
to
it
;
so
that
being
convicted
by
his
Confession
,
he
was
Condemned
and
Executed
,
and
the
rest
Pardoned
;
which
at
this
time
put
an
end
to
the
Western
Troubles
.
But
in
the
North
,
the
Scots
pursuing
theis
Success
,
taking
many
Places
Garisoned
with
English
,
by
force
,
and
had
the
strong
Castle
of
Berwick
betrayed
into
their
hands
by
the
Deputy-Governor
,
who
let
them
in
,
in
the
dusk
of
the
Evening
,
at
a
Sally-Port
he
had
purposely
left
open
;
yet
in
the
dark
scuffle
he
had
his
Reward
,
for
going
with
the
appointed
Signal
of
safety
,
and
in
the
dark
,
it
not
being
discerned
by
the
Scots
,
they
Slew
him
.
Nor
was
this
all
the
misery
at
this
time
the
Northern
County
suffered
,
their
Cattle
Dyed
of
a
grievous
Murrain
,
and
Famine
was
exceeding
amongst
them
.
Moreover
divers
notorious
Thieves
and
Robbers
(
to
the
number
of
200
)
taking
the
advantage
of
these
stirs
,
put
themselves
into
Friars
Weeds
,
and
Robbed
,
Ravished
,
Burned
,
and
laid
Waste
where
they
came
,
Murthering
divers
who
Resisted
them
;
but
in
a
few
Months
most
of
them
were
taken
and
put
to
Death
by
sundry
Torments
.
The
Famine
was
likewise
succeeded
by
a
Plague
;
so
that
the
Living
were
scarce
able
to
Bury
the
Dead
.
These
Calamities
and
daily
cries
of
his
People
made
the
King
advance
Northward
with
an
Army
;
yet
bad
success
attended
him
,
for
giving
the
Scots
Battel
,
he
was
Overthrown
,
and
a
great
part
of
his
Army
Slain
;
and
so
in
much
vexation
returned
home
.
This
made
the
Nobles
grievously
complain
of
the
Spencers
,
and
others
,
the
Kings
Favourites
,
by
whose
bad
Mannagement
of
Affaires
the
Realm
was
at
a
point
to
be
overwhelmed
in
Misery
,
laying
before
the
King
their
Misdemeanours
and
ill
treatment
of
his
Subjects
;
how
many
Thousands
suffered
by
the
Male-Administration
of
Government
,
and
the
great
Callamities
approaching
,
if
speedy
Redress
was
not
had
,
even
to
the
subversion
of
the
State
;
and
then
became
Importunate
Suitors
to
him
,
that
he
would
be
pleased
to
put
those
from
him
that
had
caused
so
many
Grievances
,
and
made
him
careless
of
those
Duties
which
by
Almighty
God
were
required
at
his
hands
.
They
told
him
likewise
,
As
Subjection
belonged
to
the
People
,
so
the
King
was
bound
to
Protect
them
;
and
that
most
dishonourably
he
had
left
his
Commons
in
the
North
a
Prey
to
the
Scots
,
and
grievously
oppressed
with
Wants
and
Extremities
;
and
that
if
he
pleased
not
(
upon
their
humble
Entreaty
and
Request
)
to
dismiss
the
Spencers
from
their
Places
and
Service
,
They
must
and
would
presume
to
do
it
,
tho'
with
the
hazard
and
perril
of
their
own
Lives
.
At
this
,
tho'
the
King
in
Conscience
could
not
but
hearken
to
it
,
being
an
apparent
Truth
,
yet
it
so
highly
displeased
him
(
who
preferred
his
Favourites
before
the
Good
of
all
his
People
)
That
he
bit
his
Lip
,
and
with
an
austere
Countenance
turned
at
first
from
them
,
without
speaking
;
but
considering
the
ill
consequences
that
might
attend
his
slighting
them
in
a
business
wherein
all
his
good
Subjects
were
concerned
,
he
turned
again
,
and
gave
them
a
pleasing
Answer
,
viz.
That
since
things
were
come
to
such
extremity
,
there
could
be
no
suitable
Redress
but
in
a
Parliament
,
which
he
speedily
intended
to
call
,
and
would
submit
to
what
that
Assembly
should
determine
most
Necessary
for
the
good
and
wellfare
of
the
Kingdom
.
However
,
the
Nobles
afterward
seemed
dissatisfied
,
as
fancying
the
King
(
when
they
were
so
Assembled
)
designed
to
Seiz
them
,
and
forcibly
make
them
comply
with
his
Terms
;
yet
finding
such
a
meeting
was
necessary
,
they
came
strongly
Guarded
with
a
numerous
Train
,
all
in
one
Livery
;
this
much
startled
the
King
,
but
most
of
all
it
grieved
him
he
now
saw
he
must
part
with
the
Spencers
,
whom
in
the
Extasie
of
his
Expressions
he
had
declared
to
Love
dearer
than
his
Queen
or
Children
;
and
accordingly
they
were
Banished
during
their
Lives
,
the
King
being
bound
not
to
Recal
them
upon
any
pretence
whatever
.
But
this
caused
a
hatred
in
him
against
the
Barons
,
so
that
he
expressed
it
in
Threats
,
and
that
he
ought
not
to
be
forced
to
do
any
thing
against
his
Mind
.
So
that
although
the
Younger
Spencer
,
geting
a
Squadron
of
Ships
turned
Pirate
,
Robbing
the
English
Merchants
and
Strangers
,
The
King
would
not
consent
to
their
Intreaties
that
a
Fleet
might
be
sent
out
to
surpress
those
apparent
Injuries
and
Disgraces
,
but
Laughed
at
them
when
they
proposed
it
,
as
inwardly
pleased
at
the
News
they
had
brought
him
;
and
soon
after
,
contrary
to
the
expectation
of
all
Men
,
Recalled
them
from
Banishment
,
restoring
them
to
their
Honours
and
Offices
,
wherein
they
became
more
Insolent
than
ever
.
The
Barons
grieved
at
these
Proceedings
,
and
Expecting
no
Redress
from
the
King
,
immediatly
took
up
Arms
,
and
the
King
did
the
like
;
so
that
after
many
sharp
Bickerings
and
Encounters
,
both
Armies
joyned
in
Battel
,
and
Fought
cruelly
;
Kindred
against
Kindred
,
making
no
distinction
of
Relations
,
in
the
bloody
Field
:
But
when
many
of
the
Barons
and
other
Leaders
were
Slain
,
their
Party
gave
way
,
and
the
King
Pursued
very
furiously
,
so
that
a
miserable
Slaughter
happened
,
and
at
Burrow-Bridge
,
near
where
this
Battel
was
Fought
,
The
Earl
of
Lancaster
(
the
Kings
Unkle
)
and
90
other
Nobles
were
taken
Prisoners
,
and
sent
to
Pontfract-Castle
,
where
the
Noble
Earl
staid
on
a
Scaffold
Seven
Hours
before
they
could
procure
an
Executioner
to
Behead
him
,
so
greatly
was
he
Beloved
by
all
sorts
of
People
;
but
at
length
a
vile
Wretch
was
procur'd
out
of
a
Goal
,
for
a
sum
of
Money
,
to
perform
that
Office
.
Five
others
were
put
to
Death
there
,
and
at
York
the
next
day
the
Lords
Clifford
,
Mobray
and
Derwell
were
Hanged
in
Iron-Chaines
.
The
Earl
of
Hereford
likewise
lost
his
Head
;
in
all
(
at
several
places
)
Twenty
Noblemen
;
so
that
in
no
Reign
so
much
Noble
Blood
,
by
Executions
,
wet
the
English
Earth
.
These
terrible
Executions
astonished
the
rest
,
and
broke
their
Strength
,
which
greatly
puffed
up
the
Spencers
,
by
whose
Instigation
,
more
than
any
cruel
inclination
in
the
King
,
it
was
thought
to
be
done
,
to
secure
their
own
State
,
which
after
this
they
imagined
could
not
be
shaken
:
For
soon
after
,
some
Courtiers
Intreating
the
King
for
the
Life
of
a
Person
of
mean
Rank
,
who
had
committed
a
Murther
,
he
broke
out
into
a
violent
Passion
in
these
words
,
viz.
A
Plague
overtake
you
all
,
for
Flatering
Knaves
;
you
make
much
Suit
for
the
Life
of
an
errand
Caitiff
,
but
which
of
you
spoke
a
word
for
the
good
Knight
Lord
Thomas
my
Vnkle
?
By
the
Bread
of
God
this
Varlet
shall
Dye
the
Death
he
deserves
;
and
so
in
a
Rage
he
turned
from
them
,
and
soon
after
he
called
a
Parliament
at
York
,
in
which
Prince
Edward
his
Son
was
Created
Prince
of
Wales
and
Duke
of
Aquitain
;
and
Sir
Andrew
Harkly
,
whose
extraordinary
Service
was
a
principal
means
of
the
Barons
Overthrow
,
Earl
of
Carlisle
;
and
demanded
the
Sixth
Penny
of
all
Temporalities
in
England
,
Wales
and
Ireland
,
to
defray
the
Charges
of
his
intended
War
against
the
Scots
,
which
he
obtained
;
yet
the
People
grievously
Murmured
at
Paying
it
,
affirming
they
were
altogether
Impoverished
by
the
late
Wars
and
Famine
.
And
now
the
Scots
geting
secret
Inteligence
of
what
the
King
intended
against
them
,
resolved
to
begin
first
,
and
well
knowing
they
had
Impoverished
the
Northern
parts
,
and
that
no
further
Booty
was
there
to
be
had
,
they
crossed
over
the
Narrow
Straights
,
and
fell
very
furiously
on
Ireland
;
but
by
the
Courage
and
prudent
Conduct
of
the
Bishop
of
Armagh
and
the
Lord
Brinningham
,
they
were
Overthrown
,
their
King
Slain
,
and
most
of
them
Cut
in
Pieces
;
upon
this
advantage
,
King
Edward
Marched
into
Scotland
,
which
he
found
full
of
Terror
and
Confusion
,
the
People
every
where
flying
before
him
into
the
Woods
,
Mountains
,
and
other
Fastnesses
;
thinking
by
that
means
to
weary
out
the
English
;
and
indeed
their
Project
failed
not
,
for
Snows
,
Rains
,
and
bitter
Frosts
ensuing
,
the
English
were
unable
to
keep
the
Field
,
especially
their
Provisions
being
near
spent
,
and
a
great
Mortality
(
by
reason
of
the
raw
Damps
and
Colds
)
grievously
afflicted
the
Camp
;
so
that
,
contrary
to
the
mind
of
the
King
,
they
were
forced
to
return
;
which
the
Scots
perceiving
,
crept
from
their
lurking
Holes
,
and
carried
Fire
a
cross
,
which
is
the
usual
Signal
for
the
Alarum
,
or
raising
the
Country
,
and
soon
gathered
into
such
Multitudes
,
that
following
and
wasting
his
Rear
,
at
last
they
boldly
set
on
his
main
Battel
and
discomfited
it
;
so
that
he
was
constrained
to
fly
,
and
leave
them
Masters
of
his
Treasure
,
and
Baggage
.
This
Defeat
is
said
to
be
occasioned
by
the
Treachery
of
Sr.
Andrew
Harkley
,
who
had
been
lately
Created
Earl
of
Carlisle
;
who
being
Bribed
by
the
Scots
,
betraied
his
trust
in
the
Battel
.
But
however
it
happened
,
it
was
charged
upon
him
,
and
for
it
he
lost
his
Head
.
Upon
the
Kings
return
,
there
happened
a
Quarrel
between
the
Queen
and
the
Spencers
;
she
charging
them
to
have
Alienated
the
Kings
affections
from
her
,
and
to
cause
him
to
place
it
on
Harlots
,
and
the
King
seeming
to
excuse
or
take
part
with
them
,
she
so
highly
resented
the
Affront
,
that
under
pretence
of
visiting
her
native
Country
,
she
obtained
leave
to
go
over
with
the
Prince
her
Son
,
where
she
was
received
by
King
Charles
her
Brother
(
Philip
her
Father
being
Dead
)
with
many
expressions
of
kindness
,
and
shewing
her
dislike
to
return
unless
matters
might
be
Reformed
at
home
,
some
of
the
Barons
in
England
sent
secretly
by
Letters
,
to
Advise
her
,
That
if
she
could
procure
one
Thousand
Valliant
Strangers
,
they
would
joyn
her
on
her
Landing
with
a
considerable
Force
,
and
endeavour
once
more
to
Redress
the
Disorders
of
the
State
:
This
she
made
known
to
her
Brother
,
who
comforted
her
by
earnest
Promises
and
Oaths
,
That
by
his
Assistance
,
and
at
his
Cost
,
her
Wrongs
and
the
Kingdoms
Injuries
,
should
be
Repaired
;
but
kept
not
his
Word
,
for
being
Bribed
by
the
Spencers
,
who
by
their
Spies
had
notice
of
her
tampering
in
the
French
Court
,
when
she
demanded
his
Performance
,
he
grew
cold
upon
it
,
and
chid
her
for
such
Intentions
;
saying
She
was
foolishly
afraid
of
her
Shaddow
,
since
she
had
Vndutifully
forsaken
the
company
of
her
Lord
and
Husband
.
The
Pope
also
,
and
chiefest
Cardinals
,
being
Engaged
by
great
Rewards
,
strictly
required
the
French
King
,
upon
pain
of
the
Apostolick
Curse
,
to
send
home
the
Queen
and
Prince
,
so
that
she
perceiving
he
intended
to
deliver
her
into
the
hands
of
such
as
would
have
Forcibly
brought
her
over
,
she
secretly
retired
with
her
Son
into
the
Empire
;
however
during
her
stay
at
the
French
Court
,
she
had
done
England
a
kindness
,
in
causing
by
her
Mediation
the
Troubles
in
Gascoyne
to
cease
;
and
making
an
Agreement
in
other
matters
relating
to
the
King
her
Husband
:
In
consideration
of
which
,
he
was
to
confer
the
Dutchy
of
Aquitain
and
Earldom
of
Poictou
on
the
Prince
his
Son
,
which
he
did
,
under
his
Seal
;
and
he
did
Homage
for
it
to
his
Unkle
the
French
King
;
but
upon
his
sending
for
her
home
,
she
refused
to
come
,
unless
hers
and
others
Grievances
were
Redressed
by
Parliament
;
which
occasioned
his
trying
by
other
means
to
make
her
return
;
but
as
is
said
,
she
retiring
into
the
Empire
,
upon
suspicion
of
what
was
Intended
,
went
to
Hainalt
,
where
she
was
kindly
received
;
and
to
make
her
Interest
strong
at
that
Court
,
she
without
the
consent
of
her
Husband
,
or
the
Peers
of
England
,
Married
the
Prince
to
Phillipa
,
the
Earl
of
Hainalts
Daughter
;
upon
which
account
,
and
the
means
of
what
Treasure
she
had
brought
,
she
raised
2700
Soldiers
,
Commanded
by
Sr.
John
of
Hainalt
,
and
the
Lord
Beamont
,
to
whom
Joyned
the
Young
Lord
Mortimer
,
who
had
escaped
out
of
the
Tower
of
London
,
and
got
beyond
the
Seas
,
with
some
other
Exiled
English
Noblemen
and
Strangers
,
so
that
having
all
things
in
a
readiness
,
she
Sayled
for
England
,
and
Landed
at
Orwell
in
Sussex
,
whither
a
great
Number
of
English
resorted
to
her
;
and
the
further
she
went
,
her
Army
greatly
encreased
.
King
Edward
having
notice
of
this
,
left
his
Court
,
and
retired
hastily
into
the
West
to
raise
Forces
;
promising
1000
l.
to
any
that
should
bring
him
the
Lord
Mortimer's
Head
;
The
King
was
no
sooner
retired
,
but
the
Londoners
taking
the
Advantage
of
his
Absence
,
seized
upon
the
Bishop
of
Exeter
,
who
was
appointed
to
Govern
the
City
,
and
without
any
Legal
Proceedings
or
Judicial
Sentence
,
caused
his
Head
to
be
stricken
off
at
the
Standard
in
Cheapside
;
and
then
with
great
violence
broke
down
the
Tower
Gates
,
killing
all
they
found
in
it
,
and
secured
that
and
the
City
to
the
use
of
the
Queen
,
and
of
the
Prince
her
Son
.
The
King
being
Informed
of
these
Proceedings
,
his
Heart
failed
him
;
so
that
desisting
from
his
intent
of
raising
Forces
,
he
Posted
to
Bristol
and
Fortified
it
,
committing
the
Defence
thereof
to
the
Earl
of
Arundale
,
and
the
Spencer's
,
Father
and
Son
,
entered
with
him
into
the
Castle
,
which
they
determined
as
a
last
Refuge
to
defend
with
all
their
Strength
;
but
within
a
few
days
after
,
the
City
was
Besieged
,
Assaulted
and
Taken
by
the
Queen
and
Barons
,
who
took
and
Committed
the
Earl
and
divers
others
of
Note
to
safe
custody
;
the
King
and
his
two
Favourites
dispairing
of
Safety
there
,
got
out
to
Sea
in
a
small
Fisher
Boat
,
intending
for
Ireland
;
but
so
Providence
ordered
it
,
that
it
was
thrice
(
when
put
out
)
driven
by
the
shifting
of
the
Wind
near
the
Castle
;
so
that
the
last
time
the
Lord
Beamont
Manning
out
a
Vessel
seized
it
,
and
found
there
the
King
and
the
Elder
Spencer
,
the
other
having
got
on
Shore
,
and
shifted
away
for
a
time
:
These
the
Queen
presented
before
the
Castle
,
which
the
Garison
no
sooner
perceived
,
but
they
Surrendered
;
and
here
the
Lord
Arundel
was
Beheaded
,
and
the
King
sent
Prisoner
to
Kenelworth
Castle
;
and
by
the
way
they
contrived
to
Shave
him
,
to
Disguise
him
,
least
being
known
he
should
be
Rescued
;
when
the
Impudent
Fellow
of
a
Shaver
set
him
on
a
Molehill
,
and
told
him
That
Cold
Water
must
now
serve
his
turn
,
pointing
to
the
Ditch
;
at
which
Indignity
,
the
King
burst
out
in
Tears
,
saying
,
There
should
be
Warm
Water
whether
he
would
or
no.
The
Queen
having
thus
far
proceeded
,
determined
the
Death
of
her
Capital
Enemy
,
dooming
him
to
be
Quartered
Alive
;
which
was
done
,
and
his
Head
and
Quarters
set
up
in
divers
places
;
she
gave
a
considerable
Reward
to
the
Person
who
brought
her
the
Head
.
Young
Spencer
,
soon
after
was
taken
with
the
Lords
Baldock
and
Reading
,
carried
to
Hereford
,
and
Hanged
on
a
Gallows
50
Foot
high
:
And
thus
fell
these
Favourites
,
who
put
too
much
trust
in
their
own
Strength
and
Pollicy
,
little
expecting
such
suddain
turns
of
Fortune
to
alter
their
conditions
,
by
throwing
them
from
the
Pinacle
of
Honour
into
the
Gulf
of
Misery
and
Disgrace
,
which
ought
to
be
a
Warning
to
all
who
undeservedly
aspire
,
cautiously
to
behave
themselves
.
Upon
this
,
a
Parliament
was
called
to
settle
the
disordered
Affaires
of
the
Kingdom
,
who
Resolved
to
transfer
the
Crown
from
Edward
to
his
Son
;
whereupon
three
Bishops
,
three
Earls
,
two
Barons
,
two
Abbots
,
and
two
Justices
,
were
appointed
to
demand
(
in
the
Name
of
the
Parliament
)
a
surrender
of
it
;
which
if
he
refused
,
they
would
perhaps
take
other
measures
and
give
it
from
his
Family
,
to
one
more
worthy
.
This
he
took
so
grievously
,
that
after
many
complainings
of
his
hard
Usage
,
and
a
confession
of
his
Failures
in
Government
,
he
fell
in
a
Swoon
,
which
moved
the
Lords
to
pitty
him
;
but
being
brought
to
himself
,
after
some
time
bemoaning
his
hard
Fate
,
seeing
there
was
no
other
Remedy
,
he
Signed
and
Sealed
the
Instrument
tendered
him
,
by
which
he
passed
over
his
Crown
,
and
Right
and
Title
to
all
his
Dominions
,
to
Prince
Edward
his
Son
;
whereupon
Sr.
William
Trussel
,
one
of
the
Judges
or
Justices
,
in
the
name
of
the
whole
Realm
,
renounced
Homage
to
the
King
in
these
words
,
viz.
I
William
Trussel
in
the
name
of
all
Men
of
the
Land
of
England
,
and
of
all
the
Parliament
,
Procurator
,
do
resign
to
thee
Edward
,
the
Homage
that
was
made
to
thee
some
times
;
and
from
this
time
forward
I
defie
thee
,
and
deprive
thee
of
all
Royal
Power
and
Authority
;
I
shall
never
be
tendant
to
thee
,
as
for
King
,
after
this
time
.
SOMERSET
SHIRE
map of Somersetshire
In
this
Kings
Reign
,
Anno
Dom.
1311
,
The
Order
of
the
Knights
Templers
that
Fought
so
long
in
the
Holy
Land
,
was
Abolished
in
all
Nations
.
Anno
1318
,
happened
such
a
grievous
Famine
,
That
the
Poorer
sort
Eat
Dogs
,
Cats
,
Rats
,
and
other
Unclean
things
.
The
Prisoners
in
Goals
Murthered
divers
fresh
commers
,
and
Eat
them
,
and
yet
many
Thousands
Dyed
for
want
of
this
Nauseous
Food
.
This
was
succeeded
by
a
Pestilence
,
and
Rot
of
Cattle
,
Breaking
in
of
the
Sea
,
Huge
Land-Floods
,
Fiery
Armies
Fighting
in
the
Air
,
and
a
Terrible
Blazing
Star
.
Remarks
on
Somersetshire
,
&c.
SOmersetshire
abounds
in
Corn
,
Cattle
,
Wooll
,
Woollen-Cloath
,
Serges
and
many
other
valuable
Commodities
:
On
the
North-West
it
opens
to
the
Irish
Sea
,
and
for
the
rest
it
is
Bounded
by
Devonshire
,
Dorsetshire
,
Wiltshire
,
and
Gloucestershire
;
it
containes
42
Hundreds
,
2
Bishopricks
,
viz.
Bristol
,
Bath
and
Wells
,
which
are
accounted
Cities
,
385
Parishes
,
35
Market
Towns
,
9
Rivers
,
45
Bridges
,
2
Forrests
,
and
18
Parks
:
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
18
,
viz.
Bath
2
,
Bridgwater
2
,
Bristol
2
,
Ilchester
,
2
Milborn
Port
2
,
Minhead
2
,
Taunton
2
,
Wells
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
Bath
,
in
this
Shire
,
is
very
Antient
,
famed
for
its
Mineral
Waters
,
Curing
Diseases
in
many
People
;
said
to
be
First
found
out
by
Bladud
an
Antient
British
King
;
Bath
and
Wells
joyntly
together
make
one
Bishoprick
,
tho'
Wells
is
principally
esteemed
for
its
curious
Cathedral
,
held
to
be
Built
by
Inas
King
of
the
West
Saxons
.
At
Pen
the
Britains
were
Overthrown
by
Kenwald
,
King
of
the
West
Saxons
,
and
afterward
the
Danes
by
Edmund
Ironside
;
Bridgwater
is
noted
for
a
great
defeat
given
the
Danes
Anon
Dom.
845
:
And
for
the
Battel
of
Sedgmore
near
it
,
beeween
the
late
King
James's
Forces
and
the
Duke
of
Monmouth
,
Anno
1685
;
wherein
the
latter
was
totally
Routed
.
Glassenbury
,
the
Avalonia
of
the
Romans
,
is
famed
for
the
Burying
Place
of
Joseph
of
Arimathea
,
the
first
Preacher
of
the
Gospel
in
this
Island
,
and
here
it
is
thought
King
Arthur
was
brought
and
Buried
;
Cadburn
is
remarkable
for
a
greak
Defeat
King
Arthur
there
gave
the
English-Saxons
;
Banesdown
(
Mons
Bandonicus
)
was
doubtless
some
Encampment
of
the
Romans
,
as
appears
by
the
Coins
found
there
;
and
on
the
Top
there
remains
the
Ruins
of
some
Noble
Castle
,
said
to
be
one
of
the
Palaces
of
King
Arthur
,
tho'
some
Writers
have
placed
this
Town
in
Cornwal
;
Ilchester
is
of
good
repute
;
Taunton
for
its
Memorable
Siege
in
the
Civil
Wars
,
and
Bristol
for
the
great
Trade
it
drives
,
and
the
many
Sieges
it
has
endured
.
On
Mendip
Hills
,
and
several
Places
on
the
Shoar
of
the
River
Froom
,
is
store
of
Pit-Coal
:
In
the
Quarrey
at
Kingh●●
are
found
Spiral
Stones
in
the
form
of
Snails
;
at
Ochyhale
near
Wells
is
a
deep
Cave
,
in
which
are
many
Rivulets
and
hollow
Recesses
,
The
Monument
of
Stones
near
Stanton
Drew
near
Pensford
is
very
remarkable
,
being
great
Tracts
of
some
vast
Foundations
;
St.
Vincent's
Rock
is
famous
for
the
Stones
found
there
,
nearly
resembling
Diamonds
,
being
equal
to
those
of
India
in
lustre
but
not
hardness
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Clevedon
Court
,
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Bristol
;
Hinton
St.
George
,
Court
of
Ewick
,
Lenn
Court
and
Walton
,
to
the
Lord
Paulet
;
Connington
,
to
the
Lord
Clifford
:
Wells
Palace
and
Banwell
,
to
the
Bishop
of
Bath
and
Wells
;
Bristol
Palace
,
to
the
Bishop
of
Bristol
:
With
divers
Houses
of
the
Gentry
pleasantly
Sighted
,
&c.
The
Reign
of
EDWARD
the
Third
(
commonly
called
Edward
of
Windsor
.
)
EDWARD
,
upon
the
offer
of
the
Crown
to
him
in
his
Fathers
Life
time
,
not
being
Fifteen
Years
of
Age
,
refused
it
with
Tears
and
Detestation
;
till
Mortimer
and
the
Queen
his
Mother
,
by
Threats
and
Perswasions
wrought
him
to
some
compliance
;
nor
then
would
he
yeild
to
be
Crowned
,
till
his
Father
had
Resigned
;
nor
then
,
till
he
was
made
sensible
by
some
faithful
Counsellors
it
was
the
only
way
to
secure
the
Life
of
the
Deposed
King
,
and
the
Crown
in
the
Right
Line
:
For
many
feared
that
Mortimer
being
great
with
the
Queen
,
and
high
in
her
favour
,
would
find
some
means
to
rid
her
of
her
Husband
,
and
by
Marrying
her
place
the
Diadem
on
his
own
Head
;
for
which
reason
he
ever
after
hated
that
aspiring
Lord
,
and
laboured
to
Revenge
the
Indignity
and
Death
of
King
Edward
the
Second
;
which
in
time
he
in
some
measure
did
,
in
the
Execution
of
Mortimer
,
as
will
hereafter
appear
.
In
the
beginning
of
this
Kings
Reign
,
the
Scots
denounced
War
against
England
,
thinking
to
make
their
Advantage
in
the
Kings
Minority
;
but
he
,
tho'
Young
,
being
of
a
Martial
Spirit
,
scorned
to
be
outbraved
;
whereupon
he
raised
an
Army
of
50000
valiant
Men
,
and
Marched
into
Scotland
,
chasing
the
Scots
from
place
to
place
,
who
nowhere
durst
appear
in
the
Field
,
in
any
Number
;
and
having
seized
several
Towns
and
Castles
,
and
finding
his
Soldiers
tired
out
in
following
through
Woods
,
Marshes
,
and
over
Craggy
Hills
,
he
resolved
to
return
,
which
he
did
,
and
assembled
his
Parliament
at
Northampton
,
in
which
the
two
Executed
Spencers
,
and
Walter
Stapleton
Bishop
of
Exeter
,
who
had
been
put
to
Death
by
the
Londoners
,
were
Attainted
of
High
Treason
,
and
all
their
Goods
,
Lands
,
&c.
Seized
into
the
Kings
hands
,
and
then
the
King
by
the
direction
of
his
Mother
and
Mortimer
,
concluded
a
dishonourable
Peace
with
the
Scots
,
releasing
them
of
their
Homage
,
Fealty
,
and
Service
due
from
that
Kingdom
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
and
delivered
up
the
Grand
Instrument
or
Charter
,
called
Ragman
,
which
under
the
Hands
and
Seals
of
their
Late
King
and
of
the
Nobility
of
Scotland
,
testified
their
Tenure
and
Subjection
to
the
Kings
of
this
Realm
.
After
that
,
he
Married
his
Sister
to
David
Son
to
Robert
Bruce
,
and
created
Mortimer
Earl
of
March
,
at
which
the
Generality
of
the
Nobility
were
exceedingly
disgusted
.
Mortimer
upon
his
new
Advancement
to
Honour
,
and
relyance
on
the
Queens
favour
,
tho'
he
found
the
Nobles
were
not
in
his
Interest
,
bore
it
with
a
higher
hand
than
formerly
;
and
perceiving
Edmund
of
Woodstock
Earl
of
Kent
,
the
Kings
Unkle
,
stood
most
in
his
way
and
crossed
his
aspiring
,
he
and
the
Queen
so
laboured
with
the
Young
King
,
That
infecting
him
with
a
Jealousie
,
that
the
Earl
had
Designs
upon
his
Life
and
Crown
,
which
being
backed
by
false
Witnesses
,
he
●dvisedly
gave
way
to
Articles
that
were
suggested
●
brought
in
against
him
,
so
that
by
Mortimers
Crea●es
he
was
found
Guilty
and
Beheaded
,
to
the
great
●ef
of
all
True
Englishmen
,
being
a
Person
of
singular
●lour
,
a
great
Statesman
,
Prudent
and
Virtuous
:
but
●
Blood
(
so
Treacherously
spilt
)
was
not
slow
in
●ying
for
,
and
procuring
Vengance
;
for
the
King
●ing
made
sensible
of
a
familiarity
between
Mortimer
●d
his
Mother
,
more
than
was
decent
,
and
much
to
●er
dishonour
,
by
being
got
abroad
among
the
Vulgar
,
●using
many
scandalous
Reports
,
he
would
not
how●ver
lightly
believe
it
;
yet
one
time
being
assured
she
●as
at
Mortimer's
Castle
,
he
with
a
resolute
Band
of
●is
Followers
,
privately
in
the
Evening
entered
a
back
●way
,
and
seizing
such
Servants
as
he
met
,
to
prevent
●iscovery
,
went
by
the
direction
of
one
of
them
,
to
●he
Chamber
where
the
Queen
Lodged
,
and
there
●ound
her
in
Bed
,
and
Mortimer
undressing
in
order
to
●leep
with
her
:
This
so
exasperated
the
Young
King
,
●hat
calling
him
Trator
and
Villain
,
he
seized
him
with
his
own
hands
,
and
delivered
him
to
the
Guards
,
he
not
offering
to
resist
or
call
for
help
,
tho'
he
had
a
far
greater
number
of
Attendants
in
the
Castle
than
the
King
brought
with
him
;
and
being
Committed
to
Prison
,
free
liberty
was
given
for
any
that
would
to
Exhibit
their
Complaints
against
him
,
which
were
summed
up
in
the
following
Articles
,
1.
That
he
had
wickedly
contrived
and
procured
the
Murther
of
the
Kings
Father
.
2.
That
by
his
false
Accusations
and
sinister
Counsels
,
he
had
caused
the
King
to
take
away
the
Life
of
his
Vnkle
,
who
was
truly
Noble
,
Religious
,
Devout
,
Honest
,
and
a
strong
Pillar
of
the
Commonwealth
.
3.
That
too
familiarly
he
conversed
with
Queen
Isabel
the
Kings
Mother
,
to
her
just
Reproach
,
and
the
dishonour
of
the
King
.
4.
That
he
received
of
the
Scots
a
Bribe
of
20000l
.
for
which
he
procured
the
Kings
Retreat
out
of
Scotland
,
and
the
Releasment
of
his
Signory
and
Homage
due
for
that
Kingdom
.
5.
That
he
had
deceitfully
couzened
and
beguiled
the
King
of
his
Wards
and
Treasury
,
converting
the
Monies
and
Profits
to
his
own
use
and
behoof
.
For
these
Wicked
and
Treasonable
Practices
he
was
Tryed
and
Condemned
,
and
afterward
Hanged
at
Tyburn
,
where
he
remained
Hanging
unpittied
for
two
Days
.
And
in
a
little
time
after
the
King
abridged
the
Queen
his
Mother
in
her
Dowry
,
allowing
her
but
1000
l.
per
Annum
,
restraining
her
within
a
certain
Limit
.
In
the
Fifth
Year
of
the
Kings
Reign
Philip
D'
Valois
,
who
Succeeded
Charles
in
the
French
Throne
,
required
him
to
come
over
and
pay
Homage
and
Fealty
for
his
Dutchey
of
Guyan
,
and
accordingly
he
went
,
and
was
kindly
entertained
till
he
refused
to
do
it
by
any
more
Ceremony
than
Words
;
but
that
not
being
Accepted
,
he
returned
to
England
,
and
upon
a
Second
Summons
sent
it
in
Writing
under
the
Great
Seal
,
which
was
not
looked
on
as
sufficient
;
yet
this
submission
displeased
the
English
Nobility
,
who
told
him
he
ought
not
to
pay
any
Homage
,
for
as
much
as
the
Crown
of
France
in
Right
of
his
Mother
properly
belonged
to
him
,
and
thus
stated
his
Title
,
viz.
Isabel
was
Daughter
to
Philip
the
Fair
,
Son
to
Philip
the
Hardy
,
That
Philip
the
Hardy
,
the
Queens
Grandfather
,
had
two
Sons
,
viz.
her
Father
,
who
was
King
,
and
Charles
D'
Valois
who
was
also
King
after
him
;
Philip
the
Fair
had
three
Sons
,
all
which
Dyed
without
Issue
Male
,
he
had
also
a
Daughter
which
was
this
Isabel
,
Married
to
King
Edward
the
Second
,
and
that
Charles
D'
Valois
the
Second
Son
of
Philip
the
Hardy
was
Father
to
Philip
D'
Valois
who
then
Reigned
in
France
;
and
although
by
the
Salique
Law
of
France
Women
are
barred
to
Rule
,
yet
King
Edward
being
a
Male
of
the
Elder
branch
,
ought
to
take
place
before
a
Male
of
the
Younger
,
though
coming
by
a
Female
;
and
that
there
was
no
force
in
that
Law
to
debar
him
of
such
a
Right
.
This
the
King
considered
prudently
,
and
deliberated
with
Grave
Counsel
about
it
,
who
all
concluded
it
was
his
undoubted
Right
;
and
the
Earl
of
Arthois
(
who
fled
out
of
France
for
saying
(
upon
the
French
Kings
Sentencing
his
Earldom
to
Maud
Countess
of
Burgundy
)
By
me
was
he
made
a
King
,
and
by
me
shall
he
be
Deposed
)
vehemently
solicited
the
King
to
claim
and
prosecute
his
Right
,
promising
him
his
Interest
to
make
him
many
Friends
even
in
the
Heart
of
France
:
But
this
was
laid
aside
a
while
,
by
reason
of
a
difference
arising
between
England
and
Scotland
:
For
King
Edward
sending
to
David
the
Scots
King
,
who
had
Married
his
Sister
,
to
restore
the
Castle
of
Berwick
,
and
do
him
Homage
for
his
Kingdom
,
he
Answered
,
That
by
the
Sword
he
had
won
the
Castle
,
and
would
keep
it
;
and
as
for
the
Homage
demanded
,
his
Father
never
acknowledged
any
such
Service
;
and
if
he
had
,
King
Edward
had
released
it
,
if
any
such
was
due
;
and
therefore
he
would
not
confess
any
Tenure
of
the
Crown
of
England
.
This
slighting
Answer
highly
exasperated
King
Edward
,
so
that
he
raised
a
powerful
Army
,
and
Marching
into
Scotland
soon
subdued
the
better
part
of
it
;
Fortifying
and
Garisoning
to
his
own
use
the
Towns
and
Castles
he
took
,
and
in
his
return
posessed
himself
of
Berwick
,
and
caused
Edward
Bayliol
Son
to
John
Bayliol
who
had
been
King
of
Scotland
but
was
deceased
,
there
to
be
Crowned
King
of
Scotland
,
to
hold
it
in
Tenure
of
him
,
and
committing
to
his
charge
the
Government
of
the
Town
of
Berwick
:
Yet
he
had
not
long
withdrawn
his
Army
,
ere
the
Scots
had
outed
this
new
King
,
and
compelled
him
to
fly
into
France
;
whereupon
King
Edward
Marched
against
David
,
who
had
procured
a
great
many
French
Forces
,
and
Overthrew
him
with
a
great
Slaughter
of
his
followers
;
and
so
again
having
secured
that
Kingdom
more
strongly
than
before
,
he
returned
in
Triumph
.
And
now
he
had
leasure
to
consider
how
to
possess
himself
of
the
French
Diadem
;
and
the
firmer
to
bind
the
Earl
of
Arthois
to
his
Interest
,
he
created
him
Duke
of
Richmond
;
and
to
carry
on
the
thing
secretly
till
it
should
be
ripe
for
execution
,
The
King
by
private
Messages
craved
the
Advice
of
the
Earl
of
Hanialt
his
Wives
Father
,
the
Lord
Beaumont
,
and
others
,
who
had
great
Interest
in
Germany
and
the
Netherlands
,
who
all
approved
it
,
promising
their
best
assistance
;
and
that
he
might
have
power
to
command
the
Nobles
and
Common
People
of
those
Countries
when
occasion
required
it
,
They
procured
him
to
be
created
Vicar
General
of
the
Empire
.
All
this
while
the
French
King
was
Ignorant
of
their
Proceedings
,
being
extreamly
busy
in
providing
Necessaries
for
an
Army
of
60000
Men
,
with
which
he
intended
to
pass
into
the
Holy
Land
,
making
his
Brother
John
Duke
of
Normandy
and
Regent
of
all
his
Dominions
till
his
return
;
but
at
length
having
secret
Notice
of
King
Edwards
Pretensions
from
some
Treacherous
Counsellors
in
England
,
who
under-hand
were
his
Pensioners
,
he
laid
aside
his
intended
Eastern
Expedition
,
to
defend
his
own
Country
;
yet
this
Discovery
sooner
than
was
wished
,
did
not
at
all
amate
King
Edward
,
nor
slacken
him
in
what
he
Designed
;
but
knowing
Money
is
the
Sinnew
and
main
support
of
War
,
by
many
Politick
Devices
he
got
vast
Sums
from
his
Subjects
,
and
Treasured
it
in
his
Coffers
,
till
his
Affaires
should
require
it
,
so
that
for
a
time
Money
became
so
scarce
among
the
Trading
People
,
That
a
fat
Ox
was
sold
for
a
Noble
,
a
fat
Sheep
for
Twelve
Pence
,
a
Quarter
of
Wheat
for
Two
Shillings
,
and
other
Provisions
proportionable
.
Matters
being
thus
Resolved
on
and
Forwarded
,
he
Sailed
to
Flanders
with
his
Queen
,
where
he
met
and
Conferred
with
a
great
many
Princes
of
Germany
,
who
agreed
to
assist
him
;
and
returning
,
raised
an
Army
of
27000
Men
,
with
which
he
Landed
in
France
;
and
to
oppose
him
,
the
French
King
took
the
Field
with
an
Army
of
double
the
Number
;
but
when
they
were
ready
to
joyn
in
Battel
,
Jone
Countess
of
Hainalt
,
Sister
to
King
Philip
,
and
Mother
to
the
Queen
of
England
,
by
her
unwearied
Mediation
staid
their
forward
Swords
,
by
procuring
a
Twelvemonths
Truce
;
whereupon
the
French
King
dissolved
his
Army
,
and
King
Edward
with
his
returned
to
England
:
Yet
he
gave
not
over
his
Design
,
for
going
to
Brussells
after
the
expiration
of
the
Truce
,
the
German
Princes
firmly
Engaged
themselves
to
his
Interest
,
and
solicited
the
Flemings
to
Confederate
in
the
League
;
but
they
excused
it
,
unless
the
King
would
stile
himself
King
of
France
,
and
quarter
the
Arms
of
that
Kingdom
with
his
own
,
That
so
he
might
be
impowered
to
release
unto
them
a
Bond
of
Two
Millions
of
Florins
wherein
they
stood
obliged
not
to
wage
War
against
the
King
of
France
.
These
things
he
actually
did
;
and
then
they
consorted
with
the
German
Princes
who
Signed
and
Sealed
an
Instrument
to
be
True
to
King
Edwards
Interest
;
and
thereupon
he
returned
to
England
,
to
make
speedy
preparations
for
the
War
;
and
found
that
in
his
Absence
the
French
Squadrons
had
Burnt
Southampton
,
and
Ravaged
Hampshire
and
part
of
Sussex
,
carrying
away
much
Booty
;
but
not
doubting
they
should
one
day
pay
dear
for
it
,
he
called
a
Parliament
,
who
Granted
him
a
Fifth
part
of
Moveable
Goods
,
and
a
Third
Part
of
Corn
,
also
a
great
Tax
on
Wooll
,
which
lay
heavy
on
the
Meaner
Sort.
He
Borrowed
morover
of
his
Rich
Subjects
,
and
the
City
of
London
,
furnished
him
with
20000
Marks
;
he
Coined
much
Gold
and
Silver
with
the
French
Arms
Quartered
with
the
Lions
;
and
so
early
in
the
Spring
Sayled
to
the
Sluce
,
which
he
found
Blocked
up
by
a
Fleet
of
French
,
Genois
,
Picards
,
and
other
Nations
,
about
250
Sail
,
and
on
Board
them
an
Army
of
40000
Men
,
these
he
Encountered
and
utterly
Defeated
;
Destroying
all
that
he
seized
not
to
his
use
,
sending
a
Multitude
of
Prisoners
into
England
;
which
Victory
obtained
by
much
an
inferiour
Number
of
Ships
and
Men
,
gained
him
a
large
Reputation
among
the
Princes
his
Confederates
,
and
greatly
dismayed
the
French
;
and
Marching
into
Flanders
,
he
joyned
the
Forces
of
Jacob
Dartwell
,
General
of
the
Flemings
;
with
those
of
the
Duke
of
Guelders
,
the
Marquess
of
Muse
,
Earls
of
Mons
,
Suvians
and
Hainalt
,
the
Lord
Tralquemont
,
and
many
Thousand
Germans
,
&c.
and
laid
Siege
to
the
City
of
Tournay
,
which
the
French
King
prepared
to
Relieve
,
but
as
before
,
by
the
incessant
Mediation
of
the
Countess
of
Hainalt
when
the
Place
was
at
point
of
Yielding
,
another
Truce
was
made
,
and
the
Armies
Dissolved
to
the
great
perplexity
of
most
that
had
Engaged
.
Whilst
King
Edward
was
imployed
abroad
,
the
Scots
by
the
Encouragement
of
the
French
King
Deposed
Edward
Bayliol
,
and
Renounced
their
Homage
to
the
Crown
of
England
;
but
upon
his
Marching
thither
with
6000
Horse
and
40000
Foot
,
he
Regained
what
had
been
Lost
,
and
made
them
Submit
:
Yet
he
was
no
sooner
retired
,
but
David
coming
out
of
France
with
some
Forces
,
raised
an
Army
and
Invaded
England
,
wasting
all
before
him
,
till
he
came
to
Newcastle
on
Tyne
,
which
he
closely
Besieged
;
when
40
resolute
Men
of
the
Garison
,
resolving
to
surprise
him
in
his
Tent
,
ventured
in
the
Night
time
into
the
midst
of
the
Scots
Camp
,
and
though
they
missed
of
him
,
because
he
had
that
Evening
removed
his
Tent
,
yet
they
seized
the
Earl
of
Murray
,
and
brought
him
Prisoner
to
the
Town
;
which
so
Terrified
the
Scots
,
that
they
soon
raised
their
Siege
,
and
Marched
farther
into
the
Countrey
,
taking
the
City
of
Durham
,
putting
all
to
the
Sword
they
found
in
it
;
but
as
they
passed
by
the
Castle
of
Roxbourough
,
that
was
kept
by
Sr.
William
Montague
Brother
to
the
Lord
Montague
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
then
Prisoner
in
France
,
wherein
was
the
Earls
admirable
Beautious
and
Virtuous
Lady
,
he
Sallied
with
Forty
Horsemen
,
fell
in
the
Rear
of
the
Scots
Army
,
kill'd
about
200
,
and
took
20
Horses
Laden
with
the
richest
Spoiles
they
had
taken
at
Durham
:
Whereupon
the
Army
faced
about
,
and
Besieged
the
Castle
,
which
was
manfully
Defended
for
a
long
time
,
when
fearing
it
would
be
taken
,
the
Governour
,
when
all
others
refused
it
,
broke
through
the
Scots
Camp
singly
on
a
swift
Courser
,
and
carried
notice
to
the
King
of
the
Distress
it
was
in
,
who
hasted
to
its
Relief
:
The
terror
of
whose
approach
,
made
the
Scots
raise
their
Siege
a
day
before
he
could
arrive
there
;
yet
was
he
entertained
by
the
Countess
of
Salisbury
in
the
Castle
with
great
Thankfulness
,
Duty
,
and
Respect
;
and
was
so
taken
with
her
exceeding
Beauty
,
That
he
earnestly
sued
for
Enjoyment
,
but
the
Virtuous
Lady
first
with
mild
and
kind
Entreaties
,
and
afterward
with
quick
and
nipping
Reprehensions
,
strove
to
make
him
see
his
own
Error
;
but
such
was
his
desire
,
&
her
denials
so
peremptory
and
resolute
,
That
discontentedly
he
left
her
,
and
cashiered
his
Army
;
so
returning
to
London
he
proclaimed
great
Feasting
and
Sports
to
Recreate
his
weary
Warriers
,
to
which
resorted
divers
out
of
Foreign
Nations
;
and
in
the
Justings
Sr.
John
Beaumont
was
unluckily
Slain
.
And
after
this
was
finished
,
a
Parliament
was
called
,
wherein
he
created
his
Eldest
Son
Edward
Prince
of
Wales
,
and
had
four
Fifteenths
of
the
Laity
,
and
three
of
the
Clergy
given
him
,
towards
●he
support
of
the
War
,
certain
Lords
and
others
being
appointed
by
Parliament
to
see
it
was
employed
to
no
other
use
;
and
the
Year
following
(
to
encrease
desire
of
Martial
Glory
in
his
Nobles
and
Others
,
according
to
the
Custom
of
other
Countries
)
he
ordered
an
Order
of
Knighthood
,
which
he
called
,
The
Order
of
the
Garter
:
Some
say
from
the
Countess
of
Salisbury's
droping
her
Garter
in
a
Dance
,
which
the
King
taking
up
,
and
seeing
some
of
his
Nobles
smile
,
he
said
,
HONISOIT
QVI
MALY
PENSE
;
that
is
,
Evil
be
to
him
that
Evil
thinks
;
vowing
ere
long
such
honour
should
be
done
to
that
Silken
Tye
,
that
the
best
of
them
should
be
proud
of
it
;
and
this
has
eversince
been
the
Motto
on
the
Garter
incircling
the
Arms
of
England
;
he
confined
the
number
to
26
,
of
which
himself
and
his
Successors
were
to
be
Soveraigns
,
stiling
them
,
Knights
of
the
most
Noble
Order
of
the
Garter
.
The
Rights
and
Ceremonies
of
this
Order
were
Yearly
to
be
Solemnized
with
Princely
Magnificence
at
the
Castle
of
Windsor
,
where
their
Atchievements
are
to
be
seen
in
St.
George's
Chappel
,
many
Officers
belonging
to
and
attending
on
these
Knights
on
the
Ceremonies
of
their
Installment
.
Soon
after
this
he
Levied
an
Army
,
and
sent
it
under
the
Leading
of
the
Earl
of
Derby
into
Gascoine
,
where
he
won
many
Towns
,
Castles
,
and
Forts
:
And
about
this
time
one
Jaques
Dartwell
,
a
Fleming
,
who
from
a
low
condition
had
raised
himself
to
the
highest
Command
and
Power
among
the
People
that
ever
any
Man
had
before
him
,
by
whom
he
was
esteemed
as
the
only
Patron
of
their
Country
,
labouring
with
the
Flemish
Lords
to
gain
their
consent
for
the
Deposing
Loys
their
Earl
,
as
a
Fool
,
and
unfit
to
Govern
,
and
to
place
Edward
the
Black
Prince
,
Son
to
Edward
King
of
England
in
his
stead
,
the
Popular
Tide
suddainly
turned
upon
him
,
from
Love
to
mortal
Hatred
;
and
though
he
was
warned
to
shun
the
danger
,
yet
going
to
his
House
at
Gaunt
,
not
doubting
but
the
Storm
would
blow
over
,
and
that
their
former
Love
to
him
could
not
be
altogether
so
soon
extinguished
,
but
might
in
time
revive
;
yet
no
sooner
had
he
entered
into
the
House
but
it
was
Besieged
by
the
common
sort
,
railing
at
him
,
and
reviling
him
in
bitter
terms
;
so
that
thinking
by
his
Authority
to
appease
their
Rage
,
he
spake
to
them
from
a
Window
,
but
their
clamour
drowned
his
Voice
,
and
Sticks
and
Stones
flew
about
his
Ears
in
Numbers
;
soon
after
they
broke
in
,
and
in
a
barbarous
manner
Murthered
him
.
This
one
displeasing
fact
out-ballancing
all
the
good
deeds
he
had
done
for
that
Country
through
the
greater
part
of
his
Life
,
in
Fighting
their
Battels
,
and
often
saving
them
from
apparent
Ruin
;
so
little
stress
is
there
to
be
laid
on
popular
Greatness
and
Applause
.
And
by
this
tampering
,
King
Edward
lost
many
of
his
Friends
,
the
Flemings
altogether
enclining
to
the
French
Interest
,
who
before
were
at
his
devotion
;
and
several
of
the
German
Princes
fell
off
and
withdrew
their
Forces
.
Yet
these
his
Misfortunes
so
little
availed
to
discourage
him
,
that
he
resolved
to
pursue
his
Right
with
his
own
Strength
;
and
hearing
soon
after
,
that
John
,
Eldest
Son
to
the
French
King
,
had
Besieged
the
Castle
of
Aquillon
in
Gascoyn
with
10000
Men
,
which
was
Nobly
Defended
by
the
Earl
of
Pembrook
and
Sr.
Walter
Manney
,
he
with
14000
Men
,
laid
Siege
to
Harflew
,
which
he
Took
,
and
gave
the
spoiles
to
his
Soldiers
,
which
were
very
great
:
He
likewise
Sacked
Cheirburg
,
Mountborough
,
Quarentine
,
and
the
Castle
belonging
to
it
,
and
over-run
all
Normandy
,
greatly
enriching
his
Army
;
and
then
pitched
his
Tents
before
the
City
of
Caen
,
in
which
were
the
Earls
of
Tankervile
,
Ewe
,
and
Guyens
,
and
with
little
loss
of
Men
took
and
ransacked
that
great
City
,
and
the
Earls
were
made
Prisoners
;
and
so
Marched
to
Lovers
,
which
he
Took
;
then
Entered
the
Province
of
Eureux
which
he
Wasted
,
laying
in
Ashes
many
Towns
,
Cities
,
and
Castles
,
and
passing
on
pitched
his
Tents
within
two
Leagues
of
Paris
,
from
whence
the
French
King
(
after
he
had
Encouraged
the
Citizens
to
stand
out
manfully
if
they
were
Besieged
)
fled
to
St.
Dennis
,
where
his
Army
lay
.
But
King
Edward
finding
his
Army
not
sufficient
to
Besiege
so
great
a
City
,
wherein
were
six
times
the
number
of
his
Men
,
having
by
the
way
Overthrown
divers
Parties
of
French
sent
out
to
observe
his
Motion
,
and
got
more
Spoiles
than
his
Army
knew
well
how
to
carry
,
he
passed
the
Soam
,
beating
off
12000
French
that
Guarded
the
Foard
of
the
River
,
and
coming
within
some
Leagues
of
Cressey
,
he
had
notice
by
his
Scouts
,
That
the
French
King
had
drawn
out
his
Army
to
oppose
him
,
consisting
of
divers
Forreign
Princes
,
the
chief
Nobility
of
France
,
and
150000
common
Soldiers
;
yet
with
an
undaunted
Courage
he
Marched
on
;
and
coming
within
sight
of
the
Enemy
,
Marshalled
his
small
Army
,
resolving
to
abide
the
Battel
,
viz.
He
divided
it
into
three
Battels
,
all
which
he
Impaled
in
the
Rear
with
Carriages
,
and
gave
the
conduct
of
the
First
to
Prince
Edward
his
Son
,
who
was
(
by
reason
of
his
Young
Years
)
assisted
by
the
Earls
of
Warwick
and
Crawford
,
the
Lords
Harcourt
,
Stafford
,
Manney
,
De
La
Warr
,
Chandois
,
Clifford
and
Bourchier
,
●ving
800
Men
at
Arms
,
2000
Archers
,
and
1000
●hers
:
The
Second
Battel
was
Commanded
by
the
●rls
of
Northampton
and
Arundel
,
accompanied
with
●vers
Nobles
and
Gentlemen
,
consisting
of
800
Men
〈◊〉
Arms
and
1200
Archers
:
The
Third
,
and
main
●ttel
,
the
King
Commanded
;
and
having
Prayed
for
●●ccess
,
and
Refreshed
themselves
,
they
prepared
for
●e
Fight
,
but
that
day
the
French
declined
the
Battel
;
●t
the
next
it
was
begun
on
their
side
by
15000
Ge●is
,
with
Crosbows
Shooting
Bearded
Arrows
,
but
●ey
Charging
on
the
Princes
Battel
were
soon
over●rn
by
the
English
Archers
,
and
in
their
Retreat
put
●e
French
Kings
Battel
into
disorder
,
whereupon
●any
of
them
were
Slain
by
their
Friends
;
and
then
●e
French
main
Battel
Charged
on
the
Prince
and
put
●im
so
hard
to
it
,
that
he
was
obliged
to
send
to
the
King
to
succour
him
;
who
asked
the
Messenger
,
Whether
he
was
Alive
or
not
?
And
being
Answered
,
He
●as
,
he
said
,
Report
to
him
from
me
,
That
he
must
expect
no
Aid
,
for
this
shall
be
the
day
wherein
he
shall
win
his
Spurs
●r
lose
his
Life
;
whereupon
the
English
,
as
Men
in
dispair
,
Fought
so
desperately
that
they
put
the
French
Army
in
all
parts
to
the
Rout
,
the
Kings
Battel
standing
entire
and
not
Engaging
,
slaying
more
than
30000
of
them
;
and
the
next
day
they
Overthrew
another
Army
,
that
,
not
knowing
of
the
Defeat
,
was
coming
to
the
Camp
under
the
Leading
of
the
Arch
Bishop
of
Roan
and
Grand
Prior
of
France
;
and
among
the
Slain
were
11
Princes
,
80
Barons
,
1200
Knights
,
and
many
of
Note
made
Prisoners
:
The
Plunder
of
the
Field
the
King
bestowed
upon
his
Nobles
,
Gentry
,
and
common
Soldiers
,
which
greatly
Inriched
them
;
carrying
the
Slain
of
Note
to
Mountrell
,
and
there
Honourably
Interred
them
.
After
this
great
Victory
,
with
inconsiderable
Loss
to
the
English
,
the
King
laid
Siege
to
Callis
;
and
the
French
King
,
tho'
he
made
some
shews
with
a
great
Army
to
Relieve
it
,
defending
the
Passes
,
stopt
their
retiring
;
the
Besieged
were
Summoned
and
threatned
if
they
Surrendered
not
immediately
to
expect
no
Mercy
;
they
Capitulated
,
but
their
Terms
offered
was
not
accepted
,
they
obstinately
resisted
so
long
,
that
being
brought
to
extremity
the
King
would
not
accept
of
their
Submission
then
tendered
,
unless
six
of
their
chief
Inhabitants
would
present
themselves
before
him
in
their
Shirts
,
with
Halters
about
their
Necks
,
and
deliver
up
the
Keys
,
which
was
done
,
when
forthwith
he
commanded
them
to
be
Hanged
,
but
at
the
entreaty
of
the
Queen
and
Nobles
they
were
spared
.
Whilst
this
Siege
lasted
,
David
King
of
Scots
with
an
Army
of
50000
Men
entered
England
,
and
did
great
mischief
;
but
the
Queen
being
then
at
home
,
gave
him
Battel
with
an
Army
of
12000
,
and
gave
the
Scots
a
fatal
Overthrow
:
King
David
was
there
taken
Prisoner
by
one
John
Copeland
,
who
refused
to
deliver
him
to
the
Queen
,
as
claiming
him
his
Prisoner
by
the
Right
of
War
,
till
going
over
to
the
King
he
desired
him
to
do
it
,
and
for
his
good
Service
settled
on
him
500
l.
per
Annum
in
Lancashire
,
and
made
him
a
Squire
of
his
Body
;
whereupon
King
David
was
committed
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
of
London
.
The
King
having
appointed
Sr.
Andrew
D'
Pavie
a
Lombard
,
Governour
of
Callis
,
and
turned
out
the
French
Inhabitants
,
returned
to
England
;
but
upon
private
notice
the
Governour
(
for
a
great
Sum
)
designed
to
betray
it
to
the
Lord
Cherney
Captain
of
Arrays
,
he
went
over
and
was
received
in
the
dusk
of
the
Evening
;
he
prevented
it
by
surprising
that
Lord
and
his
Soldiers
when
they
had
partly
entered
,
and
the
rest
waited
for
admittance
.
Yet
in
this
Fight
the
King
Encountering
hand
to
hand
with
Eustace
of
Ribomount
,
was
by
him
twice
stooped
on
his
Knees
,
but
scorning
to
yield
,
he
advanced
with
such
fury
and
redoubled
strength
,
that
he
beat
him
down
and
took
him
Prisoner
;
but
having
experienced
him
to
be
a
Valiant
Knight
,
he
soon
released
him
without
Ransom
.
About
this
time
King
Philip
Dyed
,
and
John
his
Son
was
Crowned
,
and
the
Calicians
took
the
strong
Castle
of
Guyens
,
and
the
King
,
upon
the
obstinacy
of
the
Flemings
in
refusing
to
Aid
him
,
removed
the
Marts
to
Callis
,
settling
there
the
Woollen
Manufacture
;
so
that
by
the
Priviledges
and
Imunities
granted
to
Artificers
,
happy
was
he
that
in
a
few
Years
could
obtain
the
Kings
leave
to
go
over
.
Soon
after
Prince
Edward
,
Sirnamed
for
his
valourous
deeds
the
Black
Prince
,
Landed
an
Army
in
Gascoine
,
soon
subduing
the
greater
part
of
that
Province
,
which
made
the
French
King
hasten
thither
with
a
very
numerous
Army
;
and
tho'
he
was
six
to
one
against
the
Prince
,
the
Battel
was
Fought
near
Poictiers
,
where
the
English
Archers
put
the
French
Horse
into
such
confusion
at
the
first
onset
,
that
they
fell
into
Rout
,
and
disordered
all
the
Squadrons
that
were
to
support
them
;
however
the
Battel
where
the
French
King
fought
valiantly
,
stood
manfully
to
it
a
considerable
time
,
but
such
was
the
prevailing
valour
of
the
English
,
That
King
John
,
and
Philip
his
Younger
Son
were
taken
Prisoners
,
many
Thousands
Slain
,
and
the
rest
put
to
Flight
.
The
Fight
being
over
,
Prince
Edward
treated
his
Royal
Prisoners
with
all
Gentleness
and
Humility
,
cheering
up
their
drooping
Spirits
,
attending
at
the
Kings
Table
,
Lodged
him
in
his
own
Bed
,
and
provided
for
him
Honourable
Attendance
,
insomuch
that
he
confessed
,
He
rather
fancied
himself
at
his
own
Court
,
than
a
Prisoner
,
by
having
met
with
so
Courteous
an
Enemy
:
From
hence
he
was
conducted
to
Burdeaux
,
and
so
into
England
,
where
he
was
Entertained
with
the
like
civilities
and
respect
by
the
King
and
Queen
;
and
besides
these
,
and
what
Nobles
were
Slain
,
there
were
taken
17
Earls
,
51
Barons
,
and
a
great
Number
of
Knights
and
Gentlemen
;
the
English
Soldiers
throughout
the
Army
that
had
fewest
,
being
possessed
of
two
Prisoners
,
and
moreover
the
rich
Spoiles
of
exceeding
value
were
divided
amongst
them
;
and
a
Truce
was
concluded
for
two
Years
.
In
the
mean
while
the
King
of
Scots
,
who
had
been
Ten
Years
a
Prisoner
,
was
Released
at
the
Ransom
of
100000
l.
to
be
Paid
in
Five
Years
,
and
upon
taking
his
Oath
not
to
bear
Arms
against
England
,
nor
be
Aiding
to
any
other
in
doing
it
;
and
further
,
he
acknowledged
Homage
and
Fealty
for
his
Kingdom
of
Scotland
to
King
Edward
.
And
proposing
to
the
French
King
his
Ransom
,
with
Articles
to
be
signed
on
his
Enlargement
,
he
sent
them
to
Charles
his
Eldest
Son
,
who
was
Regent
in
his
absence
,
and
to
the
Nobility
of
France
,
who
utterly
disliking
the
Conditions
,
prepared
to
Invade
King
Edwards
Terretories
,
to
compel
him
to
more
easie
Terms
;
but
not
to
be
behind
hand
with
them
,
he
passed
to
Callis
with
an
Army
,
taking
the
Black
Prince
along
with
him
,
and
so
wasted
the
Countries
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
taking
many
strong
Towns
and
Castles
,
that
they
became
humble
Suitors
to
him
for
a
Peace
,
and
submitted
to
his
Terms
;
so
that
after
a
short
Treaty
,
Articles
were
Agreed
on
,
viz.
That
the
French
King
,
for
his
Ransom
,
should
Pay
King
Edward
500000l
.
and
not
Aid
any
King
of
Scots
in
any
War
or
Rebellion
against
England
;
and
That
King
Edward
should
not
take
part
with
the
Flemings
against
France
,
That
the
Kings
of
England
should
be
ever
quit
of
their
Homage
for
Territories
holden
in
France
;
and
That
in
Consideration
these
were
performed
,
King
Edward
,
in
the
behalf
of
himself
and
Successors
,
Kings
of
England
,
should
renounce
and
leave
the
Name
and
Title
to
the
Kingdom
of
France
;
and
so
Hostages
being
delivered
,
the
French
King
(
after
he
had
remained
more
than
Four
Years
a
Prisoner
)
was
set
at
Liberty
;
and
soon
after
he
came
with
the
Kings
of
Cyprus
and
Scots
to
visit
King
Edward
,
and
pay
his
respects
for
the
Royal
Treatment
he
had
during
his
Imprisonment
,
but
falling
Sick
at
the
Savoy
,
he
Dyed
,
and
his
Body
was
conveyed
to
St.
Dennis
in
France
.
And
now
Fortune
seemed
to
turn
against
King
Edward
,
that
had
hitherto
ever
been
Favourable
to
him
,
for
Peter
the
King
of
Castile
,
being
driven
out
of
his
Kingdom
by
Henry
his
Bastard
Brother
,
came
to
the
Prince
of
Wales
(
who
then
lived
at
Burdeaux
)
with
his
Family
,
Imploring
his
Assistance
to
Restore
him
,
which
he
did
,
Overthrowing
a
Spanish
and
French
Army
that
had
joyned
the
Revolted
Castilians
with
great
Slaughter
;
yet
he
was
no
sooner
retired
,
ere
King
Peter
was
again
driven
out
,
and
being
taken
in
his
Flight
,
was
by
the
Usurper
put
to
Death
;
but
leaving
two
Daughters
,
the
Eldest
Married
John
of
Gaunt
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
and
the
Younger
Thomas
of
Woodstock
,
King
Edwards
Sons
,
who
laid
Claim
to
the
Kingdom
of
Castile
in
their
Right
,
yet
an
unlucky
Accident
crossed
all
,
for
the
Black
Prince
(
to
Pay
his
Souldiers
)
Leavying
a
Tax
on
the
English
Subjects
beyond
the
Seas
,
they
not
only
refused
to
pay
it
,
but
looking
on
it
to
be
an
Innovation
and
Oppression
,
they
perswaded
Charles
the
new
French
King
to
break
the
League
his
Father
had
made
,
and
generally
Revolting
delivered
up
most
of
the
Cities
,
Towns
and
Castles
into
his
hands
;
and
he
growing
Proud
of
his
Success
,
sent
a
huge
Navy
into
the
Narrow
Seas
,
which
was
defeated
and
beaten
home
by
the
English
;
and
hereupon
the
King
sent
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
with
an
Army
to
Callais
,
from
whence
he
Marched
to
joyn
the
Prince
at
Burdeaux
,
beating
the
French
Kings
Army
by
the
way
,
and
forced
his
Passage
;
and
soon
after
another
Army
was
sent
to
St.
Omers
under
the
Leading
of
Sr.
Robert
Knowls
,
which
took
the
strong
Towns
of
Vanes
and
Ruily
,
but
there
grow-a
difference
between
him
and
the
Lord
Fitz-Walter
,
The
French
King
took
the
advantage
of
it
,
and
fell
on
the
English
Army
near
Paris
,
slaying
1000
,
and
putting
the
rest
to
flight
;
and
immediatly
sent
an
Army
into
Cuyan
,
where
the
Prince
being
weakly
assisted
,
most
of
the
Towns
were
Lost
.
To
Remedy
this
evil
,
the
King
called
a
Parliament
,
wherein
the
Temporality
granted
him
a
large
Subsidy
,
but
the
Clergy
complaining
of
Poverty
,
gave
him
only
fair
words
and
promises
of
future
Aid
,
which
made
him
(
in
his
Anger
)
turn
them
out
of
all
Offices
and
Places
of
Trust
in
Temporal
matters
.
And
the
English
Navy
going
to
Relieve
Rochel
under
the
Conduct
of
the
Earl
of
Pembrook
,
was
worsted
by
Henry
the
Usurping
King
of
Castile
,
who
kept
the
Narrow
Seas
for
the
French
King
,
the
Earl
was
Taken
and
divers
others
;
whereupon
Rochel
and
many
strong
Towns
Yielded
.
This
made
John
Duke
of
Britanie
,
fear
the
French
Greatness
,
and
offer
King
Edward
his
Assistance
;
so
that
another
Army
was
sent
under
the
Leading
of
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
which
greatly
Endamaged
the
French
,
but
coming
to
Burdeaux
,
he
found
the
Prince
his
Brother
exceeding
Sick
,
who
resigning
the
Government
of
King
Edwards
Territories
to
his
Conduct
,
came
for
England
;
and
tho'
Treaties
were
set
on
foot
by
the
Mediation
of
Pope
Gregory
the
Eleventh
,
yet
such
were
the
insolent
demands
of
the
French
,
that
they
came
to
nothing
.
Whereupon
the
King
called
a
Parliament
,
who
refused
to
Grant
him
any
Aid
,
unless
the
Lord
Latimer
,
and
other
evil
Counsellors
were
Removed
;
which
being
done
,
they
Liberally
supplied
his
wants
.
But
the
Black
Prince
Dying
the
8th
of
June
,
Anno
1376
,
in
the
40th
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
Buried
at
Canterbury
,
the
King
in
his
Old
Age
being
over
perswaded
,
Restored
those
Officers
that
had
been
turned
out
,
to
the
high
discontent
of
his
People
;
and
having
Created
Richard
(
Son
to
the
Black
Prince
)
Prince
of
Wales
,
Earl
of
Chester
and
Duke
of
Cornwal
,
and
committed
the
Regency
of
the
Kingdom
in
his
Minority
to
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
:
He
Dyed
on
the
12th
of
June
,
Anno
1377
,
in
the
51st
Year
of
his
Reign
,
and
about
the
65th
of
his
Age
,
and
lies
Buried
at
Westminster
;
being
the
One
and
Thirtieth
Sole
Monarch
of
England
.
In
this
Kings
Reign
John
Wicklif
,
the
First
English
Reformer
of
Popish
Errors
and
Superstitions
,
Preached
openly
,
and
soon
after
Nicholas
Lyryan
and
Doctor
Ockham
,
so
that
People
began
to
Search
the
Scriptures
,
and
protest
against
the
Abominations
of
Rome
.
Anno
1339
an
Inundation
of
Water
broke
down
part
of
the
Wall
of
Newcastle
,
and
Drowned
120
People
;
a
Serpent
,
at
Chiping-Norton
in
Oxfordshire
,
was
found
with
two
Heads
and
Faces
like
a
Woman
,
the
one
dressed
in
the
New
Attire
,
and
the
other
in
the
Old
,
by
a
resemblance
of
Scales
and
Pleats
,
having
Wings
like
a
Batt
;
and
Fiends
and
Devils
and
strange
Apparitions
were
seen
by
Men
,
and
spake
to
them
as
they
Travelled
in
solitary
places
;
and
such
a
Plague
happened
,
that
50000
Persons
Dyed
in
London
.
Anno
1366
,
Peter
Pence
was
ordered
no
more
to
be
paid
to
the
See
of
Rome
;
and
Dr.
Orum
Preaching
before
Pope
Vrban
at
Rome
,
condemned
the
Papacy
,
and
writ
an
Epistle
from
Lucifer
to
the
Clergy
,
thanking
them
for
sending
so
many
Souls
to
Hell
,
&c.
Remarks
on
Staffordshire
,
&c.
STaffordshire
is
commodiously
Situate
,
pleasantly
accomodated
with
Meadows
,
Enclosures
,
Hills
,
Valleys
,
Woods
,
and
Champian
Grounds
;
abounds
in
Cattle
,
Corn
,
Butter
,
Cheese
,
Wooll
,
and
some
Minerals
:
It
is
incompassed
with
Cheshire
,
Derbyshire
,
Leicestershire
,
Warwickshire
,
and
Shropshire
:
It
contains
5
Hundreds
,
and
in
these
are
1
City
,
130
Parishes
,
12
Market
Towns
,
5
Castles
,
13
Rivers
,
19
Bridges
,
1
Chase
,
1
Forrest
,
and
38
Parks
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliamenn
10
,
viz.
Litchfield
City
2
,
Newcastle
Underline
2
,
Stafford
2
,
Tamworth
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
Stafford
,
the
County
Town
,
Antiently
Bitheny
,
from
Berteline
a
Holy
Hermit
:
It
was
Founded
by
King
Edward
the
Elder
,
and
made
a
Corporation
by
King
John
;
Tamworth
is
Memorable
for
the
Mercian
Kings
keeping
their
Courts
there
.
Litchfield
is
an
Episcopal
See
joyntly
with
Coventry
,
the
Cathedral
was
builded
by
Oswin
King
of
Northumberland
,
upon
a
Conquest
gained
over
the
Mercians
;
and
here
Wulferre
and
Celred
,
two
Saxon
Kings
,
were
Buried
:
It
was
for
some
time
an
Arch
Bishoprick
,
by
the
means
of
King
Offa.
At
Blore
Heath
in
this
County
,
a
Battel
was
Fought
between
the
two
Houses
of
York
and
Lancaster
,
and
2400
of
the
Yorkists
slain
.
STAFFORD
SHIRE
.
map of Staffordshire
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Blore
Hall
,
belonging
to
the
Noble
Family
of
Newcastle
;
Newborough
,
to
the
Earl
of
Bridgwater
;
Cherley
Castle
,
to
the
Lord
Ferrers
;
Throwley
,
to
the
Lord
Cromwell
;
Beudesert
and
Seaney
Park
,
to
the
Lord
Paget
;
Rolleston
,
to
the
Lord
North
and
Grey
;
Gerards
Brumley
,
Sandon
and
Wislow
,
to
the
Lord
Gerard
of
Brumley
;
Hamstal
Ridware
,
to
the
Lord
Leigh
;
Dudley
Castle
and
Hinley
,
to
the
Lord
Ward
;
Litchfield
Close
and
Eccleshal
Castle
,
to
the
Bishop
of
Litchfield
and
Coventry
:
The
Houses
of
the
Gentry
are
likewise
many
and
spacious
.
The
Reign
of
RICHARD
the
Second
,
(
commonly
called
Richard
of
Bourdeaux
.
)
RICHARD
the
Second
,
Son
and
Heir
to
Edward
the
Black
Prince
,
was
Crowned
Anno
1377
,
not
much
exceeding
11
Years
in
Age
,
so
that
Charles
the
French
King
taking
advantage
of
his
Minority
,
set
out
a
great
Fleet
,
Sack't
and
Burnt
the
Towns
of
Dartmouth
,
Plimouth
,
Portsmouth
,
Hastings
,
Rie
,
and
others
on
the
Sea-Coast
of
England
,
but
after
they
had
roamed
up
and
down
doing
great
Mischief
for
three
Weeks
,
they
were
beaten
off
with
considerable
Loss
,
by
Edmund
Earl
of
Cambridge
the
Kings
Unkle
,
and
others
;
nor
were
the
Scots
(
Incited
by
the
French
King
)
less
troublesom
,
Burning
Roxborough
,
and
taking
by
surprize
the
Castle
of
Berwick
,
but
the
People
breaking
down
the
Draw-Bridge
shut
them
out
of
the
Town
;
and
being
straightly
Besieged
,
all
the
Scots
in
the
Castle
were
put
to
the
Sword
,
except
Alexander
Ramsey
who
was
reserved
for
a
large
Ransom
;
yet
the
French
,
though
they
had
been
beaten
off
,
not
giving
over
their
designs
,
Landed
again
and
did
much
mischief
at
Winchelsea
,
Dover
,
Gravesend
,
and
other
places
on
or
near
the
Sea-coast
:
So
that
the
King
(
to
Enable
him
to
set
out
a
Fleet
,
and
Transport
an
Army
that
might
put
a
check
to
these
Insolencies
)
fummoned
a
Parliament
at
Westminster
,
in
which
a
Subsidy
was
Granted
him
of
Four
Pence
a
Head
on
all
Persons
above
the
Age
of
Fourteen
Years
,
which
was
looked
on
in
those
days
,
as
a
very
grievous
Tax
;
and
the
Gathering
it
was
attended
with
bad
consequences
.
However
the
Money
set
out
an
indifferent
good
Fleet
;
and
an
Army
were
sent
into
France
under
Lord
Thomas
,
one
of
the
Kings
Unkles
,
who
wasting
all
in
his
way
,
joyned
with
the
Duke
of
Britanie
,
and
much
anoyed
the
French
,
Recovering
many
Towns
and
Castles
;
but
whilst
this
was
doing
abroad
,
a
dangerous
Mischief
befell
at
home
.
John
Wall
,
a
Factious
Priest
,
by
his
going
from
place
to
place
and
Preaching
to
the
inferiour
sort
of
People
,
That
they
were
Free
by
the
Law
of
Nature
;
and
that
Laws
were
made
by
Crafty
People
to
keep
them
Poor
and
Low
,
so
to
Enslave
them
;
and
that
by
their
Pedigree
,
derived
from
Adam
,
the
good
things
of
the
Earth
should
be
equally
divided
amongst
them
;
and
not
some
grow
Fat
and
Rich
,
whilst
others
Pine
and
Starve
:
And
moreover
,
no
Taxes
were
due
on
any
pretence
,
but
People
Free
Born
in
their
Liberality
ought
to
be
left
Free
.
This
and
such
like
Cant
being
sutable
to
their
humor
and
wishes
,
mainly
wrought
with
them
to
become
Levellers
,
so
that
these
pernicious
Insinuations
spread
soon
into
most
parts
of
England
,
before
the
Magistrates
were
aware
to
suppress
it
;
and
to
bring
about
what
was
wished
by
some
cunning
Knaves
,
to
Inrich
themselves
in
the
Spoil
of
others
,
they
raised
Tumults
,
and
possess'd
the
Country
People
with
a
belief
,
That
the
City
of
London
was
at
their
devotion
,
and
only
waited
till
they
came
to
take
possession
of
it
;
whereupon
they
flowed
thither
like
an
outragious
Torrent
,
from
Kent
,
Essex
,
Sussex
,
Bedfordshire
,
and
other
places
,
stiling
themselves
The
Kings
Men
,
and
the
Servants
of
the
Weale
Publick
;
chosing
as
their
chief
Captain
one
Wat
Tyler
,
by
profession
a
Taylor
;
and
as
his
subordinate
Officers
,
Jack
Straw
,
Jack
Shepherd
,
and
some
others
;
and
to
this
Rout
,
the
Incendary
of
a
lewd
Priest
,
John
Wall
,
Chaplain
;
and
being
Encamped
in
Kent
and
Essex
,
they
sent
to
the
King
to
come
and
Treat
with
them
;
but
he
was
disswaded
by
his
Nobles
:
Whereupon
those
in
Essex
crossed
the
Thames
,
and
joyning
the
Kentish
Rebels
,
came
to
Southwark
,
which
they
Plundered
,
and
finding
London-Bridge
Fortified
against
them
,
intended
to
have
Burnt
the
Suburbs
on
the
South
side
,
and
have
Murthered
such
as
they
had
notice
were
not
pleased
with
their
Proceedings
:
But
the
Citizens
,
to
prevent
so
great
a
Mischief
,
let
down
the
Draw-Bridge
,
and
admitted
them
into
the
City
,
Feasting
and
Carressing
them
,
rather
out
of
fear
than
good-will
;
however
they
Burnt
the
Duke
of
Lancaster's
House
at
the
Savoy
,
and
Murthered
all
his
Servants
they
found
in
it
.
They
ransacked
the
Inns
of
Court
and
Law
Offices
,
Burning
all
the
Law
Books
and
Records
that
came
to
their
hands
,
Plundering
the
Churches
and
Religious
Houses
;
and
Wat
Tyler
having
seized
Richard
Lyon
his
Master
,
with
whom
he
had
been
Apprentice
,
caused
his
Head
to
be
Cut
off
,
and
carry'd
before
him
on
a
Lance
,
because
in
his
Service
he
had
sometimes
Beat
him
for
his
Rogueries
:
They
Plundered
likewise
the
Houses
of
all
Strangers
:
They
likewise
forced
into
the
Tower
,
where
the
King
Lay
,
Plundered
his
Mothers
Lodgings
,
and
broke
her
Head
,
because
she
reproved
them
for
their
Insolency
.
They
Murthered
Simon
Tybald
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
because
he
had
some
time
before
Imprisoned
Wall
for
his
Seditious
Doctrine
;
and
after
several
meetings
,
the
King
finding
he
could
do
no
good
with
them
,
their
Behaviour
being
so
Audacious
,
and
their
Demands
so
Insolent
and
Unreasonable
,
he
laboured
to
make
the
Citizens
his
Frinds
,
and
resolved
to
repel
them
by
force
.
Whereupon
a
Conference
being
appointed
in
Smithfield
,
the
King
beforehand
thinking
to
bring
them
to
better
Terms
without
Extremity
,
if
possible
,
sent
them
several
of
his
Ensigns
and
their
Pardons
,
as
a
token
that
he
owned
them
for
his
good
Subjects
,
and
freely
forgave
them
for
what
had
happened
;
and
then
meeting
them
as
appointed
he
perswaded
them
to
desist
from
all
Violence
,
assuring
them
that
upon
tryal
they
should
find
him
to
be
their
Good
Lord
and
Gracious
King
.
But
Tyler
with
a
frowning
countenance
,
insolent
behaviour
,
and
rough
speech
,
refused
to
accept
the
Kings
Grace
and
Favour
,
proudly
telling
him
,
That
all
those
Troops
,
and
many
more
Thousands
,
were
at
his
dispose
,
to
Execute
whatsoever
he
would
command
:
Then
he
commanded
Sr.
John
Newton
one
of
the
Kings
Attendants
,
who
bore
the
Sword
,
to
deliver
his
Dagger
;
which
by
the
Kings
command
he
did
:
Then
he
Insolently
proceeded
to
demand
the
Sword
;
but
he
stoutly
Answered
,
It
was
the
Kings
Sword
,
and
should
not
be
given
to
a
Knave
;
which
so
incensed
Tyler
,
That
he
Swore
he
should
lose
his
Head
before
himself
would
Eat
or
Drink
,
commanding
the
King
to
deliver
him
up
to
Execution
;
which
Insolent
Behaviour
,
Sr.
William
Wallworth
,
Lord
Mayor
,
not
able
to
endure
,
Stabbed
him
with
his
Dagger
,
so
that
he
fell
down
Dead
;
and
then
hasting
to
raise
the
City
Militia
,
the
Rebells
after
some
time
were
so
amazed
,
that
they
scattered
,
and
every
one
fled
for
his
safety
;
and
it
was
not
many
days
before
most
of
the
Ringleaders
were
,
by
their
Companions
(
a
thing
that
seldom
fails
in
such
tumultuous
Rebellions
)
delivered
into
the
hands
of
Justice
,
the
better
to
obtain
their
own
Pardons
,
which
in
the
height
of
their
Pride
,
they
had
scornfully
thrown
up
,
and
the
King
at
this
last
Conference
before
their
Faces
had
Cancelled
them
;
so
that
about
1500
or
more
of
the
principal
Agents
were
Convicted
,
and
Executed
in
divers
Places
,
which
put
an
end
to
these
Popular
Disorders
;
and
for
this
Exploit
of
the
Lord
Mayor
,
the
Dagger
was
added
to
the
City
Arms.
Things
thus
Quieted
,
and
the
Peoples
Fears
over
,
The
King
sued
for
the
Lady
Ann
(
Daughter
to
Charles
the
Fourth
,
and
Sister
to
Winceslaus
,
the
Emperour
of
Germany
)
in
Marriage
;
which
was
Accorded
,
and
the
Lady
(
who
was
exceeding
Virtuous
and
Beautiful
)
was
received
with
great
Joy
by
the
King
and
People
;
and
Anno
Dom.
1385
,
he
Summoned
a
Parliament
at
Westminster
,
in
which
he
Created
his
Unkle
Edmund
of
Langley
,
Duke
of
York
;
and
Thomas
of
Woodstock
,
Duke
of
Glocester
;
his
Cousin
Henry
,
Eldest
Son
to
the
Earl
of
Lancaster
,
Earl
of
Derby
;
Edward
Son
to
Edmund
of
Langley
Earl
of
Rutland
;
Sir
John
Holland
Earl
of
Huntington
,
and
Thomas
Lord
Mowbray
Earl
of
Notingham
,
Declaring
Roger
Mortimer
Earl
of
March
,
Son
to
Edmund
Mortimer
and
Philippa
his
Wife
,
Daughter
and
Heires
to
Lionel
Duke
of
Clarence
,
Third
Son
to
Edward
the
Third
,
Heir
apparent
to
the
Crown
;
but
he
was
Slain
by
the
Rebells
in
Ireland
,
before
the
Kings
Death
.
And
now
the
King
fell
into
the
dislike
of
his
People
,
by
hearkening
to
evil
Counsellours
,
especially
one
Michael
De
La
Pool
,
whom
he
had
made
Chancellour
,
and
created
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
and
Robert
Vere
whome
he
created
Marquess
of
Dublin
and
Duke
of
Ireland
,
and
would
have
made
him
King
of
that
Country
,
if
the
Nobility
would
have
consented
to
it
;
so
that
he
respected
not
the
sage
Advice
and
Counsel
of
the
grave
and
most
experienced
Lords
;
of
this
the
Parliament
took
great
notice
,
and
upon
the
Chancellours
insisting
on
the
Kings
behalf
for
a
Tax
of
four
Fifteens
,
affirming
no
less
could
support
his
Estate
,
or
maintain
such
Wars
as
he
was
likely
to
undertake
,
the
Lords
and
Commons
not
only
opposed
the
motion
,
but
accused
the
Duke
and
others
for
lewdly
Counselling
the
King
,
and
by
their
Purloyning
to
enrich
themselves
,
wasting
his
Treasure
;
That
by
their
bad
Advice
they
had
kept
the
King
from
coming
amongst
them
;
which
according
to
a
received
Law
and
Custom
,
if
he
refused
to
do
in
Forty
Days
,
they
might
Legally
break
up
,
and
depart
to
their
own
homes
without
his
leave
,
and
of
this
and
other
particulars
they
sent
word
to
the
King
,
desiring
him
within
three
days
he
would
come
amongst
them
,
and
give
Life
to
those
Laws
they
should
make
,
or
they
were
resolved
to
separate
.
But
in
Answer
to
this
,
he
required
that
a
select
Assembly
of
Fifty
of
their
Members
should
attend
him
.
This
was
refused
,
and
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
and
Thomas
Arundel
,
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
were
only
deputed
;
who
plainly
told
the
King
of
the
Grievances
of
his
People
,
and
that
by
his
Absence
from
Parliament
he
obscured
the
light
of
Justice
,
and
hindered
the
Negotiation
of
the
Commonweal
:
And
if
he
further
declined
it
,
they
must
break
up
and
depart
to
their
homes
.
They
also
craved
,
with
humble
submssion
,
as
they
were
commanded
,
to
be
informed
by
whom
his
Majesties
Treasure
,
belonging
to
the
Commonweal
,
was
prodigally
consumed
,
and
how
it
came
to
pass
that
his
large
Revenues
could
not
suffice
to
maintain
his
Estate
and
charge
▪
seeing
he
had
no
Wars
.
This
Message
,
and
their
Demands
,
so
angered
the
King
,
That
he
Swore
had
he
fore-known
the
sawcy
bouldness
of
his
Subjects
,
whom
as
he
supposed
,
intended
to
rise
in
Arms
against
him
,
he
would
more
willingly
have
submitted
himself
to
the
King
of
France
,
and
have
relyed
on
him
for
Protection
,
than
thus
to
be
baffled
and
made
servil
to
those
whom
his
Soveraignty
ought
to
command
.
But
the
two
Lords
in
all
humble
Duty
shewed
him
,
that
his
People
stood
well
affected
towards
him
,
and
that
the
French
had
been
and
were
inveterate
Enemies
to
the
King
of
England
:
With
this
and
such-like
submissive
Discourse
,
he
was
some
what
pacified
,
and
promised
to
come
to
his
Parliament
in
three
days
,
and
failed
not
to
do
it
;
where
by
Proof
and
Accusation
of
the
Lords
,
Michael
De
La
Pool
,
Chancellour
of
England
,
and
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
was
Convicted
of
Purloyning
the
Kings
Treasure
,
and
purchasing
Estates
with
it
,
to
his
own
behoof
;
and
giving
evil
Counsel
to
the
great
damage
of
the
Kings
Subjects
,
and
other
things
,
so
that
his
Lands
were
Sequestered
to
the
King's
use
,
his
Person
Fined
20000
Marks
,
committed
close
Prisoner
,
and
deprived
of
his
Chancellourship
and
other
Offices
.
The
Arch
Bishop
being
made
Chancellour
in
his
stead
;
and
in
the
same
Parliament
thirteen
Persons
were
Elected
,
Sworn
,
and
Authorized
,
with
●he
consent
of
the
King
,
published
in
Writing
under
●is
Seal
,
to
Examine
all
or
any
of
his
Officers
,
touching
●heir
Demeanours
in
their
several
Offices
and
Trusts
;
〈◊〉
censure
and
condemn
any
that
should
be
found
●uilty
of
henious
Crimes
,
and
the
King
took
an
Oath
●ot
to
revoke
or
suppress
this
Commission
without
the
●onsent
of
Parliament
;
and
it
further
passed
into
a
●aw
,
That
if
any
Person
should
attempt
directly
or
●●directly
to
perswade
or
encourage
the
King
to
in●●ge
his
Oath
and
Promise
,
touching
all
or
any
of
these
matters
,
for
the
first
Offence
,
to
lose
his
Lands
and
Goods
;
and
for
the
second
,
to
be
proceeded
against
as
a
Traitor
to
the
King
and
Kingdom
:
And
then
a
Subsidy
of
one
half
Fifteen
was
granted
,
if
the
Commissioners
,
upon
view
of
the
Kings
Estate
,
thought
it
needful
;
and
so
an
end
was
put
to
this
Sessions
of
Parliament
.
This
was
no
sooner
done
,
but
the
King
at
the
perswasion
of
his
Counsellours
Released
his
Favourite
De
La
Poole
,
and
went
with
him
,
the
Duke
of
Ireland
,
Tresillian
his
chief
Justice
,
other
Judges
and
Ministers
of
State
,
to
Notingham
,
where
they
Pronounced
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
the
Thirteen
Commissioners
,
to
be
Guilty
of
High
Treason
;
because
against
his
will
and
consent
they
had
compelled
the
King
to
Ratifie
the
Commission
by
his
Oath
▪
and
under
his
Great
Seal
;
so
going
to
Coventry
,
the
Judges
by
an
Instrument
in
Writing
under
their
Hands
and
Seals
,
declared
and
confirmed
their
Opinions
to
be
agreeable
and
consonant
to
the
Laws
of
the
Land
touching
these
matters
.
Whilst
Affairs
had
but
an
ill
Aspect
at
home
,
th●
French
King
,
to
Embroyl
the
Kingdom
more
,
if
po●sible
,
sent
his
Admiral
with
a
Thousand
Noblemen
an●
Gentlemen
into
Scotland
,
with
Arms
and
Warlik●
Stores
,
who
joyning
the
Scots
Army
,
Marched
int●
England
;
but
upon
notice
of
King
Richard's
approac●
with
a
formidable
Army
,
they
crossed
the
Mountain
into
Wales
,
leaving
Scotland
open
to
the
English
who
Burnt
Edenburg
,
St.
Johnstons
,
Sterling
,
and
Dundee
;
an●
having
harassed
the
Country
almost
from
Sea
to
Se●
they
returned
Laden
with
much
Booty
.
This
gre●●
Loss
so
perplexed
the
Scots
,
who
had
got
little
Plunde●
among
the
Barren
Mountains
,
that
on
their
retur●
they
made
the
French
Admiral
,
and
most
that
Atte●●●●
him
of
note
,
Prisoners
,
till
the
French
King
(
who
〈◊〉
precipitated
them
into
this
War
)
should
make
〈◊〉
satisfaction
,
as
designing
his
own
Interest
and
●●vantage
by
it
,
and
not
theirs
;
and
tho'
he
was
very
●●gry
at
it
,
yet
the
Scots
kept
them
Prisoners
till
the
●●ey
demanded
was
sent
for
their
Ransoms
.
This
●red
up
the
French
King
to
raise
a
mighty
Army
with
●●solution
to
Conquer
England
,
and
to
Transport
it
,
〈◊〉
prepared
1200
Ships
;
but
when
they
had
a
long
●e
,
in
their
unruly
March
,
Plundered
the
French
and
●nings
,
and
by
reason
the
Duke
of
Berry
,
the
Kings
●kle
,
who
was
to
command
them
,
approving
not
〈◊〉
Enterprize
,
delay'd
to
come
to
them
;
their
wants
●e
so
great
,
that
to
supply
them
they
Sold
their
●rses
,
Armour
,
Weapons
,
and
lastly
their
Cloaths
;
〈◊〉
then
fell
so
horribly
to
Plundering
the
Country
,
〈◊〉
the
French
King
not
able
to
endure
the
cries
and
●plaints
of
the
oppressed
People
,
and
dispairing
to
〈◊〉
any
thing
in
England
with
such
a
half-starved
dis●erly
Rout
,
Disbanded
them
,
after
he
had
been
at
●000
l.
Charge
.
The
English
Nobles
now
began
grievously
to
com●n
of
the
Kings
breaking
his
Oath
and
Promises
in
●rkening
to
the
evil
Counsels
and
Advice
of
Robert
〈◊〉
Vere
,
Michael
De
La
Poole
,
Alexander
Arch
Bishop
〈◊〉
York
,
Nicholas
Bamber
,
and
Robert
Trisillian
his
Chief
●ice
,
together
with
those
flattering
Judges
,
who
,
to
●se
the
King
,
had
Subscribed
to
the
Nullity
of
the
●mmission
,
and
had
Censured
all
such
as
procured
it
,
●e
Traitors
to
the
King
,
&c.
Intreating
him
to
●ish
them
the
Kingdom
;
but
he
would
in
no
wise
●rken
to
any
Proposals
of
parting
with
those
Favo●
,
who
for
their
better
safety
,
counselled
him
to
give
〈◊〉
Callice
,
and
his
other
Towns
in
France
,
to
the
French
●g
,
and
rely
on
him
for
Aid
to
curb
those
proud
Subjects
,
who
sought
to
Enslave
him
their
Soveraign
but
this
he
looked
on
as
dangerous
,
and
would
not
agree
to
it
:
But
the
Nobles
finding
no
Redress
,
flying
to
Arms
,
he
practiced
with
the
Lord
Mayor
of
London
to
raise
him
an
Army
in
and
about
the
City
;
which
he
laboured
to
do
,
but
the
Graver
Citizens
who
were
well
affected
to
the
Nobles
,
not
only
refused
to
further
it
,
but
hindered
it
all
they
could
,
declaring
it
was
a
means
to
hasten
the
desolation
of
that
great
City
,
humbly
beseeching
the
King
not
to
require
any
such
thing
at
their
hands
,
but
rather
seek
an
Accommodation
of
Differences
:
This
extreamly
vexed
him
,
but
finding
he
misse●
of
his
purpose
,
he
dissembled
his
displeasure
,
and
laid
aside
that
Project
,
yet
forgot
them
not
.
But
some
time
after
this
,
desiring
a
Loan
of
1000
l.
and
it
being
refused
him
,
he
seized
into
his
hands
their
Charter
and
Liberties
,
dissolved
their
proper
Magistracy
,
turning
out
John
Hind
their
Mayor
,
Henry
Warner
and
John
Shadworth
Sherifs
;
appointing
Sir
Edward
Dallingredge
Warden
of
the
City
.
However
finding
he
could
not
raise
such
an
Army
as
he
intended
,
by
reason
most
of
his
inferiour
Subjects
were
well
affected
to
the
Lords
,
because
they
sought
not
to
injure
the
King
,
but
to
remove
his
evil
Counsellours
,
who
were
great
Oppressors
and
Disquieters
of
the
Kingdom
,
he
promised
to
call
●
Parliament
,
wherein
matters
might
be
Debated
with
out
heat
or
animosity
,
and
that
there
his
five
Favors
should
be
Answerable
to
all
Objections
;
and
if
Convicted
,
stand
to
such
publick
Censure
or
Punishment
as
the
Parliament
could
justly
inflict
on
them
.
This
Concession
much
pleased
the
Lords
,
so
that
they
disbanded
their
Forces
,
and
returned
the
King
their
humble
thanks
:
But
it
was
not
long
before
they
were
sensible
a
Snare
was
laid
for
them
,
for
the
Duke
of
Ireland
was
privately
Levying
5000
Men
,
pretendedly
for
his
Guard
and
Defence
;
but
it
was
secretly
intimated
they
were
to
lie
in
wait
in
Parties
,
and
Surprize
the
Lords
as
they
were
coming
to
Parliament
,
so
that
they
suddainly
recalled
their
disbanded
Forces
,
and
shut
him
up
on
the
Banks
of
the
Thames
,
which
he
was
forced
to
Swim
on
Horse-back
for
the
preservation
of
his
Life
;
and
posting
to
the
Sea
Coast
,
took
Shipping
for
France
,
where
some
Years
after
▪
he
was
Slain
in
Chasing
a
wild
Boar
;
but
so
great
was
then
the
Kings
Love
towards
him
,
That
he
caused
his
Dead
Body
to
be
Embalmed
,
brought
over
,
and
Magnificently
Bury'd
.
After
the
flight
of
the
Duke
,
the
Lords
Executed
some
of
the
chief
Ringleaders
,
and
suffered
the
rest
to
depart
to
their
Houses
,
and
so
passed
with
their
Army
to
London
,
where
they
were
Joyfully
received
by
the
Citizens
.
The
King
,
who
kept
his
Court
at
the
Tower
,
well
perceived
how
much
they
had
gained
the
Hearts
of
the
greater
Part
of
the
People
,
and
therefore
for
his
own
safety
he
desired
a
Conference
with
them
,
in
which
it
was
Agreed
a
Parliament
should
be
speedily
called
,
to
Redress
Grievances
;
and
accordingly
a
Parliament
was
Assembled
,
in
which
the
evil
Counsellours
and
corrupt
Judges
were
Sommoned
to
appear
and
Answer
to
the
Articles
Exhibited
against
them
;
but
upon
their
default
,
they
were
Attainted
of
High
Treason
against
the
King
and
Common-weal
,
and
for
this
John
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
and
Sir
Nicholas
Bambre
lost
their
Heads
;
the
Lord
Chief
Justice
Trisilian
was
Hanged
at
Tyburn
,
and
the
rest
of
these
Judges
had
suffered
in
like
manner
,
had
not
the
Queens
incessant
supplications
prevailed
to
change
their
Dooms
into
Banishment
;
and
in
this
Parliament
the
state
of
Affairs
was
settled
to
the
high
contentment
of
the
People
.
And
tho'
the
next
Year
the
Scots
began
to
bustle
,
yet
at
the
Mediation
of
the
French
King
a
Truce
was
made
between
the
three
Kingdoms
,
and
King
Richard
by
this
means
in
Peace
and
Tranquility
,
assisted
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
to
raise
an
Army
,
when
Leaguing
with
the
King
of
Portugal
,
he
Warred
on
the
Spaniard
for
the
Kingdom
of
Castile
,
which
he
claimed
in
Right
of
his
Wife
;
and
so
prevailed
,
That
the
Spaniard
was
compelled
to
sue
for
a
Peace
;
which
was
granted
on
that
Kings
Marrying
Constance
the
Dukes
Eldest
Daughter
,
Loading
him
Eight
Waggons
with
Gold
,
and
allowing
him
and
his
Dutchess
during
their
Lives
10000
Mark
a
Year
.
And
after
having
Married
Ann
,
his
Younger
Daughter
,
to
the
King
of
Portugal
,
he
returned
into
England
,
Laden
with
Riches
and
Honour
.
And
now
all
Appeals
to
Rome
,
and
the
Popes
Authority
in
this
Kingdom
,
was
Abrogated
by
Parliament
;
and
soon
after
,
the
Vertuous
Lady
Queen
Ann
Dyed
;
whose
Death
so
exceedingly
grieved
the
King
,
that
for
some
Weeks
he
would
not
be
comforted
,
causing
the
stately
House
at
Sheen
in
which
she
Dyed
,
to
be
utterly
Razed
;
Cursing
any
that
should
afterward
Build
it
;
yet
this
Sorrow
wasting
by
time
,
to
strengthen
his
Alliance
he
Sailed
to
France
,
and
took
the
Lady
Isabel
,
Charles
the
Sixth's
Daughter
,
to
Wife
,
and
brought
her
to
England
with
her
Nurse
,
and
a
great
Train
of
Ladies
;
and
not
exceeding
Seven
or
Eight
Years
,
she
was
called
The
Baby
Queen
;
the
King
having
contracted
not
to
Bed
her
till
she
should
be
Fourteen
Years
of
Age
,
and
a
30
Years
Peace
was
concluded
;
whereupon
the
King
gave
up
to
the
Duke
of
Britany
,
the
strong
Town
and
Castle
of
Brest
;
which
much
offended
the
English
Nobles
,
especially
the
Duke
of
Glocester
his
Unkle
,
who
plainly
told
him
,
he
had
dishonoured
himself
and
the
English
Nation
by
tamely
parting
with
such
an
important
Place
,
which
had
not
been
gained
but
at
the
expence
of
much
Blood
and
Treasure
;
this
so
angered
the
King
,
that
he
privately
Swore
to
be
Revenged
on
him
and
such
other
Noblemen
as
he
said
usually
checked
and
controuled
him
in
his
Proceedings
;
and
accordingly
getting
a
Parliament
to
his
mind
,
Sir
John
Bushe
one
of
his
Creatures
being
Speaker
of
the
Lower
House
,
This
upstart
Speaker
boldly
Accused
Thomas
Arundel
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
who
fitting
in
the
House
of
Peers
by
the
King
,
was
ordered
not
to
Answer
and
it
should
be
no
damage
to
him
,
his
silence
nevertheless
was
taken
for
Confession
,
and
he
was
Banished
the
Realm
;
the
Earls
of
Arundel
and
Warwick
in
this
Parliament
were
Attainted
of
High
Treason
,
upon
which
the
former
lost
his
Head
,
and
the
latter
being
confined
to
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
through
Grief
and
want
of
Necessaries
,
shortly
Dyed
.
But
the
Duke
of
Glocester
stood
too
high
in
the
Peoples
Favour
to
be
reached
this
way
;
therefore
he
was
privately
seized
at
his
own
House
,
hurried
to
Callice
,
and
there
by
the
command
of
Thomas
Moubray
then
Earl
of
Notingham
,
and
for
this
wicked
exploit
created
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
the
Valiant
,
Prudent
,
Virtuous
,
and
Renowned
Duke
,
was
Smothered
to
Death
;
tho'
in
the
manner
of
it
Authors
disagree
;
some
will
have
it
by
pressing
and
keeping
him
long
between
Feather-Beds
;
others
,
that
he
was
thrown
into
,
and
headed
up
in
a
Butt
of
Malmsey
:
However
here
he
was
wickedly
made
away
,
and
never
seen
afterward
,
to
the
great
grief
of
all
but
the
King
and
his
Favourites
who
hugged
themselves
with
joy
,
to
think
they
had
removed
out
of
their
way
the
great
Obstacle
that
hindered
their
Advances
to
Arbitrary
Power
.
After
this
Moubray
proceeded
to
Accuse
Henry
Duke
of
Hartford
,
Son
to
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
of
Speaking
Treasonable
and
Scandalous
Words
of
the
King
;
whereupon
Hartford
Challenged
his
Accuser
to
the
single
Combate
,
to
try
by
the
Sword
the
Truth
and
Justice
of
his
Accusation
;
but
when
they
were
both
entered
the
Lists
,
and
prepared
for
the
Encounter
,
the
King
threw
down
his
Warder
,
staid
the
Combate
,
Banished
Hartford
for
six
Years
,
and
Moubray
forever
;
who
Travailing
to
Venice
,
there
Dyed
miserably
,
confessing
his
Guilt
and
trouble
for
the
Death
of
the
Noble
Duke
of
Glocester
;
but
Hartford
was
honourably
Entertained
by
Charles
the
French
King
,
who
would
have
Married
him
to
a
Beautiful
Lady
,
Daughter
to
the
Duke
of
Berry
his
Unkle
;
but
King
Richard
industriously
prevented
it
,
as
fearing
such
an
Alliance
might
enable
him
to
grasp
at
his
Crown
;
and
when
the
Duke
of
Lancaster
Dyed
,
he
seized
on
his
vast
Treasure
,
tho'
he
had
given
his
Cousin
Henry
leave
(
on
his
departure
)
to
appoint
his
Attorney
to
Act
for
him
,
and
take
care
of
his
Inheritance
.
But
these
Proceedings
bred
much
Mischief
:
For
the
King
having
lost
most
of
his
old
,
and
getting
a
new
set
of
Counselors
,
viz.
The
Earl
of
Wiltshire
,
Sir
John
Bushe
,
Sir
James
Bagot
,
and
Sir
John
Green
;
they
advised
him
to
many
things
contrary
to
the
Advice
of
his
grave
Council
and
much
troubled
the
People
;
and
now
the
Irish
Rebelling
,
the
King
to
Raise
an
Army
Farmed
the
Kingdom
,
and
all
his
Revenues
belonging
thereunto
,
for
certain
Years
,
and
Sailed
for
Ireland
.
The
Duke
of
Hartford
who
wanted
no
Intelligence
how
matters
went
in
England
,
looked
on
the
Peoples
Ferment
,
and
the
Kings
Absence
,
to
give
him
a
very
favourable
advantage
to
shake
off
his
Chains
;
wherefore
as
privately
as
he
might
,
he
came
to
England
,
accompanied
by
the
Banished
Arch
Bishop
and
many
other
trusty
Friends
,
declaring
to
the
People
he
only
came
to
take
quiet
Possession
of
his
Dutchy
of
Lancaster
,
which
by
the
Death
of
his
Father
was
his
Undoubted
Right
;
so
that
Trousands
flocked
to
him
.
And
finding
how
the
People
were
bent
to
favour
his
cause
,
he
Raised
a
considerable
Army
,
and
seized
the
before
named
Counsellours
,
whom
they
Beheaded
.
King
Richard
in
Ireland
hearing
of
these
Stirs
,
setled
Affaires
there
as
well
as
he
could
,
and
hasted
over
with
a
small
Army
;
but
before
he
could
pass
Wales
,
most
of
them
had
Deserted
him
;
and
then
being
ascertained
that
his
Counsellours
in
whom
he
had
reposed
much
trust
to
Levy
Forces
for
him
▪
were
taken
off
,
despairing
of
any
safety
to
be
gained
by
force
,
he
came
to
Henry
Duke
of
Lancaster
of
his
own
accord
;
and
publickly
owned
his
Insufficiency
and
Weakness
to
Govern
well
;
praising
the
Duke's
rare
and
singular
Virtues
,
his
absolute
worthiness
to
be
a
King
,
&c.
profering
to
make
him
an
absolute
Surrender
of
his
Kingdom
,
if
he
would
accept
of
it
.
The
Politick
Duke
,
who
well
knew
this
proceeded
not
cordially
from
him
,
but
from
the
effects
of
fear
and
constraint
,
however
refused
it
;
for
tho'
he
much
affected
the
wearing
of
a
Crown
,
yet
he
thought
it
more
advisable
to
receive
it
at
this
time
from
the
Nobility
,
Gentry
,
and
Commonalty
;
and
hereupon
he
caused
the
King
with
a
very
respective
and
honourable
Attendance
,
to
be
conveyed
to
the
Tower
;
and
a
Parliament
being
called
in
his
Name
,
Twenty
Four
Articles
were
Exhibited
against
him
for
Mismanagement
and
ill
Conduct
in
Government
,
and
many
henious
Crimes
;
which
in
his
Restraint
he
seemed
to
confess
and
own
,
and
by
an
Instrument
under
his
Hand
and
Seal
,
he
Resigned
his
Crown
and
Kingdom
to
Henry
of
Bullenbrook
Duke
of
Lancaster
;
which
being
publickly
and
generally
Ratified
and
Approved
by
the
Lords
Spiritual
and
Temporal
,
and
Commons
Assembled
in
Parliament
,
Henry
stood
up
and
made
this
Challenge
to
the
Crown
,
viz.
In
the
Name
of
God
Amen
,
I
Henry
of
Lancaster
,
Claim
the
Realm
of
England
and
the
Crown
,
with
all
the
Appurtinances
,
as
coming
by
the
Blood
Royal
from
King
Henry
the
Third
,
and
the
Justice
which
God
of
his
Grace
hath
sent
me
by
the
help
of
my
Friends
,
for
the
Recovery
of
the
said
Realm
,
which
was
at
the
point
of
Perdition
,
through
default
of
Government
,
and
breach
of
Laws
.
These
words
being
said
,
all
the
Estates
acknowledged
him
for
King
;
and
Richard
was
formally
Deposed
,
in
the
words
and
in
manner
Recited
in
Edward
the
Seconds
Reign
,
and
thereupon
was
sent
to
Pomfret
Castle
;
but
long
he
had
not
been
there
,
ere
upon
some
practices
of
his
Favourites
to
Reinstate
him
,
he
was
villanously
Murthered
by
Sir
Pierce
of
Exton
and
Eight
others
,
of
whom
he
Valiantly
killed
Four
with
a
Bill
he
wrested
out
of
one
of
their
Hands
.
Thus
untimely
Dyed
King
Richard
the
Second
,
when
he
had
Reigned
22
Years
,
3
Months
,
and
8
Days
:
Being
the
32d
Sole
Monarch
of
England
.
After
his
Death
,
his
Body
was
brought
to
London
,
and
exposed
to
the
view
of
the
People
to
satisfie
them
he
was
Dead
,
and
prevent
their
taking
part
with
Impostors
;
and
then
Buried
at
Langley
.
In
this
Kings
Reign
the
River
Ouse
between
Swelstone
and
Harleswood
near
Bedford
,
stood
still
,
and
divided
it self
;
so
that
the
Botton
in
the
Middle
remained
dry
for
three
Miles
.
Soon
after
Vtred
Bolton
,
John
Ashwerby
,
Walter
Bruce
,
John
Ashton
,
and
Peter
Peteshall
,
were
Persecuted
;
some
by
Perpetual
Imprisonment
,
some
by
Banishment
,
for
Preaching
and
Maintaining
Wickliffe's
Doctrine
.
In
the
last
Year
of
this
Kings
Reign
,
all
the
Bay-Trees
in
England
Withered
,
and
when
Lancaster
came
to
the
Crown
fresh
Branches
sprouted
from
the
supposed
dead
Stocks
:
And
an
Army
of
Birds
Fighting
in
the
Air
,
strangely
destroyed
each
other
.
THE
County
of
SUFFOLKE
map of Suffolk
Remarks
on
the
County
of
Suffolk
,
&c.
SUffolk
has
many
Advantages
in
its
Situation
,
by
reason
the
Eastern
part
of
it
opens
to
the
Sea
,
and
is
stored
with
commodious
Havens
;
besides
this
County
abounds
with
Cattle
,
Wooll
,
Corn
,
Marshes
,
producing
fat
Pastures
,
store
of
Butter
,
and
much
Cheese
,
but
not
much
approved
of
;
It
is
mostly
plain
,
branched
with
several
curious
Rivers
,
flowing
from
and
runing
into
the
Ocean
:
On
the
North
,
it
is
Bounded
with
Norfolk
;
on
the
West
,
with
Cambridgeshire
;
and
on
the
South
,
with
Essex
:
It
contains
22
Hundreds
,
575
Parishes
,
28
Market
Towns
,
1
Castle
,
2
principal
Rivers
,
32
Bridges
,
27
Parks
,
most
of
them
well
stored
with
Deer
:
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
16
,
viz.
Alborough
2
,
Dunwich
2
,
St.
Edmunds-Bury
2
,
Ipswich
2
,
Orford
2
,
Sudbury
2
,
Eye
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
Ipswich
in
this
County
was
Founded
by
one
Gipsa
;
it
has
a
flourishing
Estate
in
Shiping-Trade
by
reason
of
the
Navigable
River
it
stands
on
;
it
was
often
harassed
in
antient
times
by
the
Danes
;
and
is
particularly
noted
for
the
Birth
of
that
great
Pagentry
of
Fortune
,
Cardinal
Wolsey
,
whose
Father
was
a
Butcher
in
it
.
St.
Edmunds-Bury
is
Memorable
for
King
Edmund's
being
Shot
to
Death
by
the
Danes
;
for
Expiation
of
which
Cruelty
,
King
Canute
Erected
here
a
stately
Monastery
,
once
accounted
the
Richest
in
Europe
:
And
here
a
Parliament
was
held
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
Sixth
:
Exning
is
the
Birth-place
of
St.
Audri
,
Sister
to
King
Ina.
At
Renlisham
,
Redwald
(
the
first
Christian
King
of
the
East-Angles
)
kept
his
Court
:
Lidgate
is
the
Birth-place
of
John
Sirnamed
Lidgate
,
a
famous
English
Poet.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Busbrook
Hall
,
belonging
to
the
Duke
of
St.
Albans
;
Ewston
,
to
the
Earl
of
Arlington
;
Christs
Church
in
Ipswich
,
Sudbury
Hall
,
Soham
Lodge
,
to
the
Lord
Viscount
Hereford
;
Denham
Hall
,
to
the
Lord
Viscount
Townsend
;
Broom
Hall
,
and
Carleford
Hall
,
to
the
Lord
Cornwallis
.
Besides
these
,
there
are
a
great
many
stately
Buildings
belonging
to
private
Gentlemen
.
In
some
of
the
Cliffs
to
the
Sea
,
Hawks
build
;
and
there
is
much
Game
for
Recreation
,
as
Fishing
,
Fowling
,
Hunting
,
&c.
Here
also
stands
Framlingham
Castle
,
a
place
of
great
State
,
Beauty
,
Strength
and
Conveniency
,
and
the
Ruins
of
Burgh
Castle
Remain
.
The
Reign
of
HENRY
the
Fourth
(
commonly
called
Henry
of
Bullenbrook
.
)
THIS
Henry
was
Crowned
by
the
consent
of
the
Estates
,
in
the
life
time
of
Richard
the
Second
,
and
created
Henry
his
Eldest
Son
Prince
of
Wales
,
Duke
of
Cornwal
,
and
Earl
of
Chester
:
Then
he
called
a
Parliament
in
his
own
Name
,
in
which
the
Bishop
of
Carlisle
,
for
speaking
in
the
behalf
of
King
Richard
,
and
moving
a
commiseration
of
his
wrongs
,
was
committed
close
Prisoner
to
the
Abby
of
St.
Albans
,
and
the
Crown
was
entailed
on
Henry
and
his
Heirs
forever
.
This
Parliament
no
sooner
ended
,
but
many
Lords
Conspired
the
Death
of
the
King
,
entering
into
Oath
and
Covenant
to
do
it
at
Oxford
,
where
they
had
appointed
sollemn
Sports
for
his
Entertainment
,
in
honour
(
as
they
Flatteringly
pretended
)
of
his
happy
Accession
to
the
Crown
;
but
really
with
an
intent
to
restore
King
Richard
:
And
accordingly
they
met
Armed
,
all
but
Edward
Plantagenet
,
Duke
of
Aumarle
,
Son
to
Edmund
of
Langley
,
Duke
of
York
,
the
Kings
Unkle
;
who
as
he
sat
at
Dinner
with
his
Father
,
had
by
chance
the
Label
of
the
Instrument
of
Combination
hanging
out
at
his
Bosom
,
of
which
the
old
Duke
taking
hold
,
drew
forth
the
whole
Writing
,
and
Reading
the
Contents
of
the
Conspiracy
,
prepared
for
Windsor
,
to
give
the
King
an
account
of
it
;
which
the
young
Duke
perceiving
,
hastily
took
Horse
,
and
out-stript
him
,
himself
revealing
all
the
Intrigue
,
for
which
he
had
his
Pardon
.
Upon
this
Discovery
,
the
King
put
off
his
Journey
to
Oxford
,
and
hastened
to
the
Tower
of
London
,
securing
the
City
to
his
Interest
,
and
raising
an
Army
;
of
which
the
Lords
at
Oxford
had
no
sooner
notice
,
but
they
encreased
their
Forces
,
causing
one
Magdalen
,
much
in
likeness
,
to
Personate
King
Richard
,
and
advanced
their
Standard
to
meet
the
King
;
but
finding
they
were
much
inferiour
to
him
in
Number
,
their
courage
failed
;
which
so
disheartened
the
Souldiers
,
that
they
dispersed
and
left
their
Leaders
to
shift
for
themselves
;
so
that
most
of
them
were
Taken
and
Executed
in
divers
places
;
others
fled
the
Kingdom
,
and
reserved
themselves
to
broach
new
Broils
;
and
this
hastened
King
Richard's
Murther
,
in
the
manner
as
has
been
said
:
For
King
Henry
complaining
that
so
long
as
he
Lived
he
should
never
be
at
rest
,
and
demanding
if
none
loved
him
so
well
as
to
rid
him
of
that
Torment
,
Pierce
of
Exton
,
to
curry
favour
with
him
,
posted
away
,
and
with
other
Ruffians
villainously
performed
it
;
at
which
the
French
King
was
mightily
displeased
,
purposing
to
send
his
Letters
of
Defiance
to
King
Henry
,
and
Invade
his
Kingdom
;
but
upon
second
thoughts
,
tho'
he
had
raised
a
potent
Army
,
he
dissolved
it
,
and
proceeded
no
further
in
the
business
.
Yet
soon
after
he
Levied
another
Army
to
Invade
Aquitaine
,
and
Guyan
;
but
was
so
stoutly
withstood
by
King
Henry's
Forces
,
That
he
retired
and
Disbanded
them
.
But
the
King
of
England
doubting
the
security
of
his
ill-got
Title
,
laboured
to
make
Peace
with
him
,
the
better
to
strengthen
himself
,
offering
a
Marriage
between
Henry
his
Son
,
and
the
Lady
Isabella
,
Widow
to
King
Richard
,
and
Daughter
to
Charles
the
Sixth
of
France
;
but
that
King
considering
how
unfortunate
Marriages
had
been
between
France
and
England
,
refused
it
;
whereupon
she
was
sent
over
in
great
State
,
and
Married
to
her
Cousin
Charles
,
Eldest
Son
of
Lewis
Duke
of
Orleance
,
her
Unkle
.
Soon
after
this
,
Owen
Glendour
,
with
his
Welsh
,
Rebelled
;
Overthrowing
the
King's
Army
,
and
taking
the
Lord
Grey
of
Ruthen
and
Edmund
Mortimer
,
the
Kings
Cousin
,
Prisoners
;
using
them
exceeding
hardly
,
the
sooner
to
oblige
the
King
to
Ransom
them
;
but
he
neglected
it
,
because
Mortimer
was
nearer
Allied
to
the
Crown
by
Right
of
Descent
,
than
himself
;
yet
tho'
he
might
have
had
his
Liberty
,
if
he
would
have
joyned
with
the
Welsh
,
and
some
English
Nobles
,
that
were
fled
thither
,
he
rather
chose
to
endure
Extremities
,
than
to
comply
with
them
:
Whereupon
they
solicited
the
Scots
,
who
Invaded
the
Northern
parts
of
the
Kingdom
,
doing
much
Mischief
;
but
the
King
soon
requited
it
,
by
entering
Scotland
,
and
laying
all
waste
before
him
:
However
he
no
sooner
returned
,
but
the
Scots
re-entered
England
with
20000
Men
,
committing
many
Barbarous
Cruelties
;
but
being
Encountered
by
Henry
Sirnamed
Hotspur
,
Son
to
Henry
Piercy
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
10000
of
them
were
Slain
,
and
500
taken
Prisoners
;
and
of
note
Mordacke
Earl
of
Fiffe
,
Archibald
Earl
of
Douglas
,
Thomas
Earl
of
Murray
,
and
Robert
Earl
of
Angus
.
The
following
Year
the
French
sent
12
Ships
with
1200
Nobles
,
Gentlemen
and
others
,
to
assist
the
Welsh
,
but
most
of
them
were
Shipwrack'd
on
the
Point
of
Cornwal
,
and
the
rest
with
much
difficulty
returned
to
France
;
yet
soon
after
he
Landed
12000
Men
in
Wales
to
assist
Glendour
and
his
Rebellious
Companions
,
who
joyned
them
with
10000.
But
upon
the
Kings
approach
with
an
Army
,
the
Welsh
fled
into
the
Woods
and
Mountains
,
leaving
the
French
to
shift
for
themselves
;
which
made
them
hasten
to
their
Ships
,
and
return
to
France
,
without
doing
any
thing
Memorable
;
which
made
the
French
King
become
a
Jest
to
the
English
,
viz.
That
he
was
often
Big
,
but
never
Brought-forth
.
Notwithstanding
King
Henry
,
to
Strengthen
his
Interest
Abroad
,
Married
Jane
,
Widow
to
John
the
deceased
Duke
of
Britany
,
and
gave
Blanch
his
Eldest
Daughter
,
to
William
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
Son
and
Heir
Apparent
to
the
Emperour
Lewis
of
Bavaria
;
and
some
time
after
Philippa
his
Youngest
Daughter
to
the
King
of
Denmark
.
In
the
Third
Year
of
his
Reign
he
required
Henry
Piercy
Earl
of
Worcester
,
Henry
Piercy
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
and
Piercy
Hotspur
his
Son
,
to
deliver
up
the
Scots
Prisoners
taken
in
the
late
Battel
on
the
Northern
Borders
;
but
was
Answered
,
Those
Prisoners
were
theirs
by
Right
of
War
,
and
they
would
not
part
with
them
;
desiring
him
at
the
same
time
to
Ransom
his
Cousin
Mortimer
;
but
this
he
refused
,
alledging
,
That
he
had
voluntarily
made
himself
a
Prisoner
to
give
Glendour
and
other
his
Accomplices
a
colourable
pretence
for
Rebellion
,
seeing
he
was
so
near
Allied
to
the
Crown
;
and
therefore
his
own
Safety
,
and
his
good
Discretion
,
gave
him
Advice
not
to
hearken
to
their
Motion
,
but
to
punish
his
offence
.
This
much
displeased
the
Piercies
,
and
designing
to
Levy
War
against
the
King
,
they
Ransomed
Mortimer
at
their
own
charge
,
secretly
entering
into
a
League
and
Friendship
with
Glendour
,
they
promised
him
great
matters
when
King
Henry
by
their
United
Strength
should
be
Deposed
;
then
they
Engaged
the
Scots
Prisoners
to
take
part
with
them
;
also
the
Earl
of
Stafford
,
Richard
Scroop
Arch
Bishop
of
York
,
and
many
others
;
and
as
they
had
done
against
Richard
,
so
they
framed
and
published
Articles
against
him
,
as
to
his
Misdemeanours
in
Government
,
false
claim
to
the
Crown
,
charging
him
with
the
Murther
of
King
Richard
his
Lawful
and
Rightful
Soveraign
;
also
his
refusing
to
Ransom
his
Cousin
Mortimer
who
was
taken
Fighting
in
his
Cause
,
but
rather
wished
he
might
die
in
a
loathsome
Prison
,
because
the
Crown
of
Right
belonged
to
him
,
as
being
Son
and
Heir
to
Philippa
,
Daughter
and
Heiress
to
Lionel
Duke
of
Clarence
,
Elder
Brother
to
John
of
Gaunt
,
Father
to
Henry
,
whom
they
stiled
a
Usurper
.
This
made
many
joyn
with
them
,
so
that
their
Army
became
very
Formidable
to
the
King
:
And
to
bind
the
Welsh
more
firmly
to
them
,
Edward
Mortimer
Earl
of
March
,
Married
Glendour's
Daughter
;
by
which
means
in
a
little
time
they
flattered
themselves
they
should
have
a
King
of
England
of
the
Antient
British
Blood
:
And
indeed
a
very
great
danger
about
this
time
threatened
the
King
,
for
a
Calthrop
,
or
Engin
with
three
very
sharp
Teeth
or
Spikes
,
was
placed
in
his
Bed
,
which
had
certainly
procured
his
Death
,
had
he
suddainly
lain
down
upon
it
,
but
it
was
timely
Discovered
;
yet
the
Party
who
placed
it
could
not
be
made
known
,
and
divers
Gray
Fryers
scattering
defamatory
Libels
against
the
King
,
several
of
them
were
taken
and
Hanged
.
The
King
finding
his
greatest
advantage
now
lay
in
Expedition
,
suddainly
raised
an
Army
,
and
by
long
Marches
prevented
the
Earls
joyning
with
the
Welsh
,
so
that
both
Armies
meeting
near
Shrewsbury
,
Piercy
Hotspur
,
a
Person
of
undaunted
Courage
,
no
sooner
saw
the
Royal
Standard
,
but
he
resolved
to
throw
his
Fortune
on
the
hazard
of
a
Battel
;
so
the
Charge
being
Sounded
,
the
Scots
gave
the
first
onset
,
and
Fought
desperately
,
but
were
over-born
,
and
a
great
part
of
them
Slain
;
yet
notwithstanding
the
Lords
renewed
the
Battel
with
great
fury
and
obstinacy
,
perswading
themselves
of
good
success
,
until
the
King
and
the
Prince
his
Son
(
determining
by
Honourable
Death
to
leave
their
Bodies
in
the
Field
,
rather
than
fall
into
the
hands
of
their
Enemies
,
or
betake
them
to
shameful
flight
,
and
leave
their
Men
a
Sacrifice
behind
them
)
redoubling
their
Strength
and
Valour
,
set
such
Examples
to
the
rest
,
that
the
declining
Battel
was
restored
,
and
Piercy
Hotspur
with
many
of
chief
Command
being
Slain
,
the
Lords
Army
fell
into
rout
and
confusion
;
so
that
in
the
Field
and
Pursuit
6000
were
slain
,
the
Earls
of
Worcester
,
Douglas
,
and
many
others
were
taken
Prisoners
,
and
a
famous
Victory
was
obtained
;
and
it
is
said
the
King
slew
in
this
Battel
36
with
his
own
hands
;
but
because
the
Earl
Douglas
in
single
Combate
had
fought
with
him
,
and
approved
himself
a
valiant
Man
,
he
had
his
Liberty
granted
without
Ransom
;
but
the
rest
of
the
Prisoners
had
not
that
good
luck
;
for
the
Earl
of
Worcester
,
and
several
of
the
chief
,
were
Beheaded
;
many
of
a
lower
degree
Hanged
and
Quartered
,
and
their
Heads
placed
on
London
Bridge
.
In
this
Battel
the
King
lost
not
above
600
Men.
To
follow
this
lucky
Success
,
the
Prince
was
sent
into
Wales
,
with
part
of
the
Army
;
where
he
found
Owen
Glendour
forsaken
by
most
of
his
Companions
,
and
with
the
rest
for
his
safety
he
retired
into
a
vast
Wood
,
which
being
encompassed
and
narrowly
watched
,
he
was
there
,
with
many
others
,
Famished
to
Death
;
and
such
as
were
taken
by
hunting
and
beating
that
Wood
,
suffered
by
Execution
.
And
hereupon
the
Prince
returned
to
the
King
;
and
in
the
mean
while
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
came
and
submitted
himself
to
the
Kings
Mercy
;
and
tho'
he
was
excused
,
it
was
with
no
hearty
goodwill
,
but
rather
to
prevent
the
Castle
of
Berwick
,
and
other
strong
Places
on
the
Frontiers
,
from
falling
into
the
hands
of
the
Scots
,
as
being
held
by
such
Officers
as
the
Earl
had
appointed
under
him
.
These
Troubles
were
no
sooner
over
,
but
Lewis
Duke
of
Orleance
sent
the
King
(
in
a
Bravado
)
a
Challenge
to
meet
him
and
a
Hundred
French
with
a
Hundred
English
,
to
Combate
it
for
Honours
sake
in
an
indifferent
place
;
whereto
the
King
returned
Answer
,
That
his
former
Actions
in
Warlike
undertakings
,
could
clearly
acquit
him
from
the
imputation
of
Cowardize
;
and
that
Kings
ought
not
to
be
so
careless
of
their
Peoples
wellfare
and
safety
,
as
to
meet
every
Madman
who
had
the
vanity
to
send
them
a
Challenge
:
But
that
he
would
be
at
all
times
ready
to
Repel
any
Violence
or
Injury
which
he
should
dare
rashly
or
unadvisedly
to
Attempt
against
him
or
his
People
.
This
exceedingly
nettled
Mounsieur
;
so
that
in
an
angry
mood
,
designing
Revenge
,
he
Besieged
the
Town
of
Vergie
in
Guyan
;
but
having
wasted
his
Army
in
almost
a
four
Months
Siege
,
he
was
constrained
to
raise
it
,
and
retire
with
disgrace
.
After
this
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
to
mend
the
matter
,
raised
an
Army
to
reduce
Callis
;
but
upon
King
Henry's
preparations
to
pass
the
Seas
with
an
Army
,
he
was
Remanded
by
the
French
King
;
which
he
looking
on
as
the
Duke
of
Orleances
doings
,
to
hinder
him
from
gathering
expected
Lawrels
,
a
mortal
hatred
sprung
up
between
them
,
and
several
Battels
were
Fought
;
King
Henry
first
assisting
Burgundy
,
and
then
Orleance
;
and
gained
much
Money
by
their
Contention
,
whilst
they
weakened
each
other
,
and
the
whole
Estate
of
France
;
whilst
they
drew
in
Parties
to
side
with
them
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Marshal
of
France
laying
Siege
to
a
Town
in
Gascony
with
4000
Men
at
Arms
,
was
beaten
off
by
Sir
John
Blunt
,
with
300
English
,
12
Noblemen
,
and
120
Gentlemen
,
taken
Prisoners
and
carried
into
the
Town
in
Triumph
.
And
now
tho'
the
King
had
Pardoned
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
yet
he
resenting
some
Indignities
put
on
him
,
grew
restless
for
Revenge
,
and
therefore
Associating
with
Richard
Scroop
Arch
Bishop
of
York
,
Thomas
Moubray
,
Earl
Marshal
,
The
Lords
Hastings
,
Faulconbridge
,
Bardolf
,
and
divers
others
,
Forces
were
resolved
to
be
raised
,
and
another
hazard
of
the
Field
to
be
Enterprised
:
But
the
Earl
of
Westmoreland
,
whom
they
would
have
drawn
to
their
Party
,
revealing
their
Design
to
the
King
,
he
secretly
Marched
with
an
Army
into
the
North
,
and
surprising
Moubray
,
Scroop
,
and
some
others
,
caused
their
Heads
to
be
stricken
off
;
but
Northumberland
,
Bardolf
,
&c.
Escaped
to
France
,
from
whence
they
afterward
came
to
Scotland
,
where
that
King
promised
to
Aid
them
;
but
to
prevent
the
threatening
Danger
,
the
King
raised
a
potent
Army
,
and
sent
it
under
the
Prince
of
Wales
into
Scotland
,
where
he
Retook
Berwick
,
Alnwick
,
and
other
strong
places
,
that
the
Earl
had
delivered
to
the
Scots
,
and
Burnt
many
Towns
in
the
heart
of
that
Kingdom
;
whereupon
the
Scots
,
finding
themselves
unable
to
make
Resistance
,
craved
a
Truce
,
which
was
Granted
for
twelve
Months
;
and
thereupon
the
Prince
returned
home
with
his
Spoils
.
Whilst
this
was
doing
,
the
French
(
to
favour
the
Design
)
set
out
several
Armed
Ships
,
to
Alarum
the
Coast
Towns
of
England
,
when
the
Lord
Castile
,
with
three
other
Lords
,
20
Knights
,
and
a
great
many
Soldiers
,
Landing
at
Dartmouth
,
were
Encountered
by
the
Country
People
,
who
Slew
Castile
,
and
most
of
his
Soldiers
;
and
taking
the
rest
Prisoners
,
brought
them
to
the
King
,
who
very
well
rewarded
the
Rusticks
for
their
Care
and
Vigilancy
,
and
put
the
Lords
and
Knights
to
great
Ransoms
;
and
the
King
going
to
see
them
on
Board
at
their
departure
,
in
his
return
from
the
Downs
very
narrowly
scaped
being
taken
by
a
French
Privatier's
supposedly
lying
purposely
in
wait
for
him
;
whereupon
the
Lord
Commois
who
attended
him
,
being
a
Norman
Nobleman
,
was
suspected
of
Treachery
,
but
upon
his
Tryal
acquitted
,
and
received
into
Favour
.
The
Truce
with
Scotland
Expired
,
Northumberland
and
Bardolf
Animated
the
Scots
to
Invade
England
,
which
they
did
,
doing
much
mischief
in
Northumberland
,
and
other
Northern
parts
:
Whereupon
the
King
Levied
an
Army
and
Traveled
by
long
Marches
to
Encounter
them
,
but
before
his
Arrival
,
they
were
Fought-with
and
Overthrown
by
Sir
Thomas
Rookby
,
High
Sherif
of
Yorkshire
,
who
slew
the
Earl
and
sent
his
Head
as
a
Present
to
the
King
that
was
very
acceptably
received
,
and
the
Lord
Bardolf
being
Wounded
,
fled
into
Scotland
,
and
there
Dyed
of
his
Wounds
.
After
this
the
King
Assembling
a
Parliament
,
Created
therein
his
three
Younger
Sons
,
viz.
Thomas
Duke
of
Clarence
,
John
Duke
of
Bedford
,
and
Humphry
Duke
of
Gloucester
;
and
many
Laws
were
therein
Enacted
profitable
to
the
Common-weal
;
and
from
this
Day
till
his
Death
,
the
King
Enjoyed
a
Life
free
from
Hostility
,
but
found
such
Inward
perplexities
of
Mind
,
for
having
Consented
to
,
or
Instigated
,
the
Murther
of
King
Richard
his
first
Cousin
,
for
the
lucre
of
his
Crown
,
that
to
make
some
Attonement
,
and
quiet
his
Conscience
,
he
Levied
an
Army
,
resolving
(
as
he
had
Vowed
)
to
make
War
against
the
Infidels
that
Oppressed
the
Christians
in
the
Holy
Land
;
which
the
Popes
of
those
times
declared
was
a
full
Atonement
,
or
sufficient
Expiation
for
any
Crime
,
how
Notorious
so
ever
;
but
whilst
things
were
getting
ready
,
he
fell
into
an
Appoplexy
;
and
finding
Death
approaching
,
caused
his
Crown
to
be
placed
on
his
Pillow
,
with
an
intent
to
deliver
it
to
the
Prince
when
he
was
near
Departing
;
but
he
,
impatient
of
delay
,
supposing
him
(
when
fallen
into
a
Drows●ness
)
to
be
Dead
,
removed
it
thence
;
whereupon
the
King
raised
himself
,
and
missing
it
,
demanded
Who
had
taken
it
?
And
the
Prince
Replying
,
It
was
he
:
The
King
fell
back
,
and
fetching
a
deep
Sigh
,
said
,
My
Son
,
what
Right
I
had
to
this
Crown
,
and
how
I
have
Enioyed
it
,
God
knows
,
and
the
World
hath
seen
;
and
thereupon
he
fetched
a
deep
Groan
;
but
the
Prince
not
minding
that
,
said
,
Comfort
your self
in
God
,
Father
;
The
Crown
you
have
,
and
if
you
Dye
,
it
is
mine
,
and
I
will
keep
it
with
my
Sword
as
you
have
done
;
and
within
a
few
Hours
the
King
dyed
,
in
the
46th
Year
of
his
Age
,
when
he
had
Reigned
13
Years
,
5
Months
,
and
19
Days
;
and
was
Buried
at
Canterbury
,
Anno
1412.
In
this
Kings
Reign
two
Blazing
Stars
appeared
before
the
breaking
out
of
the
Piercy's
Rebellion
,
and
many
Drops
of
Blood
fell
on
Peoples
Garments
in
the
Northern
Parts
,
as
from
the
Clouds
.
Anno
1407
a
great
Plague
happened
,
that
destroyed
in
London
30000
Persons
,
and
multitudes
else
where
;
and
the
Year
after
,
a
violent
Frost
held
15
Weeks
.
And
by
the
wicked
procurement
of
Thomas
Arundel
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
William
Sawtree
,
William
Swinderby
,
and
William
Thorp
,
worthy
Divines
,
suffered
Martyrdome
for
opposing
the
Romish
Superstitions
and
Idolatry
,
Preaching
the
Gospel
,
and
much
adhearing
to
Wickliffe's
Doctrine
.
Remarks
on
the
County
of
Surry
,
&c.
SUrry
is
a
very
spacious
County
,
and
would
be
aboundantly
Fruitful
,
did
not
a
ridge
of
barren
Hills
run
in
a
manner
quite
through
it
;
however
it
abounds
in
Corn
,
Cattle
,
Rich
Medows
and
Vpland
Pastures
,
and
Open
and
Inclosed
Grounds
,
yeilds
store
of
Honey
,
Wooll
,
Fowl
,
Fish
,
Deer
,
and
is
abundant
in
pleasant
Gardens
and
Orchards
of
Fruit-Trees
.
It
is
Bounded
on
the
North
,
with
the
Thames
and
Middlesex
;
on
the
East
,
with
Kent
;
on
the
South
,
with
Sussex
;
and
on
the
West
,
with
Hampshire
and
Buckinghamshire
.
It
contains
13
Hundreds
,
in
which
are
141
Parishes
,
8
Principal
Market
Towns
,
7
Bridges
,
4
Forrests
;
and
17
Parks
;
as
for
Rivers
,
there
are
many
small
ones
,
as
at
Gilford
,
Casholton
,
Kingston
upon
Thames
,
Wandsworth
,
and
other
places
;
but
the
River
Thames
which
is
a
great
part
in
this
County
,
is
the
most
Remarkable
,
and
the
little
River
Mole
,
that
runs
a
great
way
under
Ground
,
and
rises
again
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
14
,
viz.
The
Borough
of
Southwark
2
,
Rygate
2
,
Blechenley
2
,
Gatton
2
,
Guilford
2
,
Haslemore
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
SURREY
By
J.
Seller
.
map of Surrey
The
Seats
of
Pleasure
are
Richmond
,
belonging
to
the
Royal
Family
;
Albury
and
Waybridge
,
to
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
;
Nonsuch
to
the
Duke
of
Southampton
;
Rowhampton
,
to
the
Duke
of
Devon
;
Byflet
,
to
the
Duke
of
St.
Albans
;
Flanchford
,
to
the
Earl
of
Plymouth
;
Rygate
Place
,
to
the
Lord
Mordant
;
Towting
Graveny
,
to
the
Lord
North
and
Grey
;
and
the
Bishop
of
Winchesters
Place
in
Southwark
,
called
Winchester-House
.
The
Reign
of
HENRY
the
Fifth
(
commonly
called
Henry
of
Monmouth
.
)
THis
Henry
,
the
greater
part
of
his
Fathers
Reign
,
was
much
lead
away
by
evil
Company
,
and
was
not
free
from
committing
in
his
Frolicks
Robberies
on
the
Highway
,
especially
on
his
own
Receivers
;
and
one
of
his
Gang
being
taken
,
and
about
to
be
Sentenced
in
the
Court
of
Kings
Bench
,
he
rushed
in
and
laboured
to
pull
off
his
Irons
,
in
order
to
set
him
at
Liberty
;
but
the
Lord
Chief
Justice
commanded
him
to
desist
;
whereupon
in
a
rage
,
he
went
up
to
the
Bench
,
and
Struck
him
on
the
Face
;
for
which
(
after
he
had
given
him
some
mild
Reproofs
,
as
that
the
Bench
he
sat
on
was
the
Kings
,
and
that
himself
in
that
place
represented
his
Person
,
and
what
Injury
was
done
to
him
,
was
done
to
the
King
;
and
if
he
shewed
such
evil
Examples
,
none
would
Obey
him
when
he
came
to
Reign
)
he
sent
him
to
the
Kings
Bench
Prison
,
till
the
Kings
pleasure
should
be
known
in
the
matter
.
The
King
no
sooner
heard
of
it
,
but
he
commended
the
Judge
for
his
Courage
and
Impartiality
,
wishing
all
his
Ministers
were
like
him
;
and
though
the
Prince
was
Enlarged
,
yet
for
this
he
was
put
from
his
Presidentship
in
the
Council
,
and
his
Younger
Brother
Thomas
Duke
of
Clarence
placed
therein
,
to
his
great
Grief
.
These
and
other
Irregular
Passages
of
his
past
Years
,
(
when
he
was
Crowned
by
Arundel
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
at
Westminster
)
he
wisely
considered
;
and
to
repair
what
had
been
amiss
,
strictly
forbid
the
Leud
Companions
of
his
Youth
to
enter
his
Court
,
or
any
where
come
near
his
Person
,
till
he
had
some
cause
to
believe
they
had
reformed
and
mended
their
Manners
;
yet
ordered
some
of
them
,
who
had
run
out
their
Estates
in
pursuing
his
wild
Extravagancies
,
small
Pensions
to
Subsist
on
,
till
they
could
better
provide
for
themselves
,
Electing
none
for
his
Councel
,
nor
into
Places
of
Justice
,
or
publick
Government
,
but
such
as
were
of
known
Integrity
,
Wise
,
Sober
,
and
not
to
be
Biased
through
fear
or
favour
;
greatly
labouring
to
Reform
the
Abuses
of
the
Clergy
;
and
for
the
better
security
of
the
Marches
,
he
caused
the
Castles
and
Towns
thereabouts
to
be
Repaired
and
Strongly
Garisoned
,
by
which
means
he
Awed
the
Scots
and
Welsh
,
and
kept
his
People
free
from
their
former
fears
and
apprehensions
of
danger
.
And
the
better
to
shew
he
had
no
hand
in
,
nor
was
consenting
to
the
Death
of
King
Richard
,
he
caused
his
Body
to
be
brought
from
Langley
to
Westminster
,
in
much
Funeral
Pomp
,
and
to
be
Interred
by
Queen
Ann
his
beloved
Wife
.
In
the
Second
Year
of
his
Reign
he
Assembled
a
Parliament
at
Leicester
,
wherein
he
was
Importunately
Addressed
to
supress
Religious
Houses
,
where
they
were
ill
mannaged
,
and
in
stead
of
promoting
Godly
Lives
,
had
been
made
the
Nurseries
of
Gluttony
,
Idleness
,
Pride
,
and
all
Uncleanness
;
considering
they
would
yield
into
his
Coffers
an
Annual
Rent
of
20000
l
;
which
might
be
better
Employed
for
the
Support
of
the
Crown
,
and
Honour
and
Safety
of
the
Kingdom
,
in
maintaining
15
Earls
,
1500
Knights
,
and
more
than
6000
Men
at
Arms
;
besides
a
great
Number
of
Almes
Houses
for
the
support
and
relief
of
the
Poor
.
This
much
startled
the
Abbots
,
Priors
,
Fryers
,
Monks
,
Nuns
,
&c.
as
fearing
to
be
Vn-Hived
,
and
forced
to
Labour
for
their
Livings
;
which
they
were
little
able
to
do
,
considering
they
had
so
long
been
inured
to
a
habit
of
Idleness
;
and
therefore
to
turn
the
Stream
another
way
,
at
their
instant
Entreaties
,
Henry
Chichesly
who
Succeeded
Thomas
Arundel
in
the
Archiepiscopal
See
of
Canterbury
,
took
an
opportunity
in
a
very
Learned
Oration
to
make
the
King
sensible
of
his
Right
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
inciting
him
to
Claim
it
as
his
proper
Inheritance
;
and
in
the
Clergies
behalf
,
for
the
carrying
on
the
Wars
,
he
offered
a
large
Sum
of
Money
;
whereupon
the
other
business
was
laid
aside
,
and
nothing
now
considerably
debated
or
spoken
of
,
but
how
the
King
might
Recover
France
:
The
People
every
where
shewing
a
willingness
to
Embark
in
the
Undertaking
:
And
a
Noble
Embassy
was
sent
to
King
Charles
the
Sixth
,
peremptorily
to
demand
the
peaceable
delivery
of
the
Kingdom
,
together
with
the
Dutchies
of
Aquitain
,
Normandy
,
Anjou
,
and
whatever
had
formerly
appertained
to
the
Crown
of
England
;
and
if
the
French
King
without
Effusion
of
Blood
would
yield
to
his
demands
,
he
would
take
the
Lady
Catherine
,
the
Kings
Daughter
,
to
Wife
,
and
Endow
her
with
all
the
Dutchies
and
Provinces
;
and
be
tractable
in
every
thing
tending
to
the
French
King's
Honour
and
Estate
;
but
upon
the
Refusal
,
he
would
attempt
the
gaining
it
by
the
Sword
,
and
bring
on
that
Kingdom
all
the
Miseries
that
are
inseparable
attendants
on
a
cruel
War
.
The
unexpected
strangeness
of
this
Message
,
so
amazed
the
French
King
and
his
Nobles
,
that
they
could
make
no
ready
Answer
,
but
promised
to
send
Ambassadors
to
King
Henry
,
who
should
endeavour
to
Adjust
this
weighty
Affair
;
yet
the
Dauphin
of
France
had
no
sooner
notice
of
the
King's
Demands
,
but
despising
his
Youth
,
and
holding
him
unfit
to
attempt
a
matter
of
so
high
a
consequence
,
in
a
scoffing
manner
sent
him
a
Tun
of
Racket-Balls
to
sport
with
in
his
Tennis-Court
:
This
so
Angered
him
that
He
Vowed
(
by
Gods
assistance
)
ere
many
Months
were
over
,
he
would
toss
so
many
Iron
Balls
within
the
Kingdom
of
France
,
that
their
strongest
Rackets
should
be
too
weak
to
turn
them
.
And
hereupon
he
Levied
a
puissant
Army
;
so
that
the
Dauphin
seeing
him
in
earnest
,
began
to
repent
of
his
Rashness
,
and
governing
Affairs
under
his
Father
,
whose
Imbecility
rendered
him
not
very
capable
of
it
,
he
sent
Ambassadors
to
Inform
King
Henry
,
That
if
he
would
desist
from
his
Purpose
,
and
Live
in
Amity
with
that
Nation
,
and
take
the
Lady
Catharine
his
Sister
to
Wife
,
he
should
then
receive
with
her
a
large
Sum
of
Money
,
with
some
small
Territories
and
Possessions
in
that
Kingdom
.
To
this
King
Henry
Replied
,
That
unsess
with
the
Lady
he
might
have
the
Dutchies
of
Normandy
,
Anjou
,
Aquitain
,
and
all
the
other
Signories
,
to
him
and
to
his
Crown
justly
appertaining
,
he
would
not
wave
his
Title
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
but
attempt
by
all
Hostile
means
to
win
it
,
if
he
might
;
and
with
this
Answer
the
Ambassadors
departed
much
dissatisfied
:
Whereupon
King
Henry
settling
his
Affairs
,
appointing
his
Mother
Regent
,
and
joyning
to
her
Council
many
grave
Persons
for
the
Management
of
the
Government
,
he
Marched
his
Army
to
the
Sea
Coast
.
And
now
the
Dauphin
began
to
play
another
game
;
for
Richard
Earl
of
Cambridge
,
Henry
Lord
Scroop
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Grey
,
three
approved
Captains
,
Bribed
by
him
with
vast
Sums
,
resolved
to
Seize
the
King
,
and
carry
him
into
France
;
or
if
that
proved
too
difficult
,
to
Murther
him
in
his
Tent
before
he
took
Shipping
;
but
this
Treason
being
timely
Discovered
,
and
made
out
by
Proof
,
and
their
own
Confessions
,
they
were
the
day
after
their
Tryals
Executed
in
the
Camp
;
and
as
soon
as
the
Wind
served
in
140
Ships
he
Transported
his
Army
to
Normandy
;
and
in
34
Days
Took
Hareflew
,
on
the
River
Seine
;
Inriching
his
Army
with
the
Spoiles
,
and
placing
the
Duke
of
Exeter
his
Unkle
,
as
Captain
there
,
and
a
Garrison
of
1500
Men.
He
resolved
,
because
the
Season
advanced
apace
,
to
March
over-Land
to
Callis
,
and
Winter
there
.
The
Dauphin
by
this
time
had
got
a
very
numerous
Army
in
the
Field
,
and
was
attended
by
almost
all
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
of
the
French
Nation
,
and
having
notice
of
King
Henry's
March
,
it
was
Debated
whether
he
should
be
suffered
to
pass
to
Callis
,
or
be
Fought
with
by
the
way
;
at
last
in
the
French
Kings
Council
by
far
the
greater
Number
,
it
was
carried
to
give
him
Battel
,
since
he
had
passed
the
River
Soam
,
and
was
intangled
in
the
Country
,
his
Army
consisting
but
of
2000
Horse
,
and
13000
Archers
and
Men
at
Armes
,
many
of
them
being
Sick
,
and
wanting
mostly
Provisions
;
whereupon
a
Herald
was
sent
to
him
with
Defiance
,
commanding
him
to
prepare
within
a
few
days
for
the
Battel
:
To
this
he
presently
Answered
,
That
his
Army
being
afflicted
with
Sickness
and
Wants
,
he
was
bending
his
Course
to
Callis
to
Refresh
his
Men
,
and
therefore
would
not
seek
his
Enemy
;
but
if
they
dared
to
Interrupt
him
in
his
Passage
,
he
was
of
sufficient
Force
to
Repel
all
Violence
which
the
French
Nation
should
oppose
against
him
;
upon
this
Answer
a
Proclamation
was
put
out
,
That
all
who
loved
their
Country
,
and
were
desirous
to
fight
for
Honour
,
should
straight-waies
repair
to
the
French
Kings
Standard
;
so
that
the
Army
soon
encreased
to
upward
of
60000
,
mostly
Horse
,
consisting
of
the
Flower
of
the
French
Nation
.
King
Henry
was
not
Ignorant
of
this
,
nor
of
their
hasty
Marches
towards
him
;
so
that
pitching
his
Tents
between
the
Towns
of
Balangie
and
Agincourt
,
in
the
County
of
St.
Paul
,
he
resolved
to
expect
them
;
which
was
not
long
,
so
that
in
a
manner
Incompassing
his
little
Army
with
their
Multitudes
,
they
were
so
sure
of
Victory
,
that
they
made
great
Fires
;
and
held
Revels
in
their
Camp
,
whilst
King
Henry
and
his
People
were
in
a
deep
Humiliation
,
desiring
assistance
of
God
.
On
the
25th
of
October
,
Anno
1414
,
The
Armies
on
both
sides
were
set
in
Array
,
each
dividing
into
three
Battels
;
King
Henry's
Vaunt-Guard
was
Commanded
in
chief
by
the
Duke
of
York
,
the
Main-Battel
by
himself
,
and
the
Rear-Guard
by
Thomas
Duke
of
Exeter
;
and
to
prevent
any
suddain
breaking
in
of
the
French
Horse
,
he
caused
his
Archers
and
Men
at
Arms
to
be
invironed
with
Stakes
six
or
seven
Foot
long
,
headed
with
sharp
Iron
,
which
fastened
at
one
end
in
the
Ground
,
might
easily
upon
occasion
be
removed
;
on
the
Wing
,
as
the
French
Horse
were
to
come
on
,
he
placed
in
a
Meadow
1500
Archers
,
having
a
Ditch
before
them
,
that
could
not
easily
be
Leaped
;
and
when
Sir
Walter
Harpington
Marshal
of
the
Field
,
cast
up
his
Gantlet
,
the
whole
Band
of
Archers
were
to
deliver
their
flights
of
Arrows
with
a
great
shout
;
all
which
was
so
exactly
observed
,
That
the
French
Horse
of
their
first
Battel
were
no
sooner
within
the
danger
of
the
Ambush
,
but
they
were
gauled
by
the
Archers
,
and
many
of
their
Riders
thrown
to
the
Ground
and
trampled
to
Death
;
Then
the
English
Vant-guard
let
fly
,
dimming
the
Air
with
their
showers
of
Arrows
,
working
a
miserable
Destruction
to
the
French
;
so
that
by
the
unruliness
of
the
wounded
Horses
,
this
Battel
soon
fell
into
disorder
and
confusion
,
pressing
violently
upon
one
another
,
breaking
in
upon
the
Foot
for
Retreat
,
and
doing
great
mischief
;
which
the
English
perceiving
,
slung
their
Bows
and
with
Mawls
,
Axes
,
Swords
,
Gleves
,
and
Bills
,
made
an
incredible
slaughter
among
them
;
and
having
put
these
to
the
Rout
,
they
run
fiercely
on
the
middle
Battel
of
the
French
,
who
for
a
while
Fought
with
great
Courage
and
Resolution
;
and
having
done
them
considerable
mischief
,
they
seemed
Politickly
to
Faint
and
Retire
,
which
was
to
train
the
Enemy
on
their
sharp
pointed
Stakes
;
and
it
so
well
succeeded
,
that
the
French
Horse
rushing
on
furiously
,
without
seeing
the
danger
,
were
miserably
Goared
,
stopping
one
another
,
and
making
a
Barricade
for
the
English
,
whilst
they
had
leasure
to
ply
them
with
their
flights
of
Arrows
,
till
in
a
short
time
that
Battel
(
as
the
former
)
was
altogether
in
Rout
and
Confusion
;
and
then
the
English
breaking
in
as
before
,
the
King
fought
hand
to
hand
with
the
Duke
of
Alanson
,
and
was
so
violently
striken
by
him
,
that
it
broke
the
small
Crown
he
wore
on
his
Helmet
that
day
;
to
distinguish
him
in
the
Battel
;
and
he
had
nearly
taken
him
Prisoner
,
but
the
King
recovering
from
the
Stund
he
received
from
the
forcible
blow
,
slew
two
of
his
Companions
,
and
beat
him
down
;
whereat
he
cried
out
,
I
am
your
Cousin
Alanson
,
spare
my
Life
;
and
tho'
the
King
laboured
to
do
it
,
his
Guards
were
so
enraged
against
him
for
endangering
the
Life
of
their
Soveraign
,
that
they
slew
him
as
he
lay
on
the
Ground
.
This
Battel
being
utterly
Defeated
,
the
Third
(
which
consisted
almost
all
of
Foot
)
being
Charged
,
and
fearing
to
be
Incompassed
,
threw
down
their
Arms
,
and
as
many
as
could
fled
;
but
great
Numbers
who
could
not
,
fell
on
their
Knees
and
begged
Quarter
,
which
was
granted
:
But
fatally
to
them
,
in
the
close
of
the
Fight
,
Robinet
of
Bonvile
with
600
of
those
Horsemen
which
had
first
acquitted
the
Field
,
entered
the
Kings
Camp
,
Guarded
only
by
Lacquies
and
Scullions
,
and
slew
many
of
those
weak
Defendants
,
who
raising
a
doleful
cry
,
the
King
verily
supposed
fresh
Forces
were
come
to
Engage
his
weary
Soldiers
;
and
there
being
almost
as
many
Prisoners
as
he
had
Men
of
his
own
,
fearing
they
should
Revolt
,
and
do
him
great
mischief
in
a
renewed
Fight
,
he
caused
it
to
be
Proclaimed
on
pain
of
Death
,
That
all
ordinary
Prisoners
should
immediatly
be
put
to
the
Sword
;
which
was
accordingly
done
to
about
8000
;
but
when
the
King
knew
the
true
cause
of
the
new
uproar
,
and
had
slain
almost
all
those
600
that
rifled
his
Camp
,
he
condemned
himself
of
too
much
Cruelty
in
putting
the
Prisoners
to
the
Sword
,
when
he
had
given
them
Quarter
,
bewailing
it
with
Tears
,
and
caused
his
Surgeons
to
lookafter
such
as
yet
weltered
in
their
Blood
,
or
there
might
be
any
hopes
to
recover
,
and
some
were
recovered
;
for
in
so
suddain
an
Execution
,
many
received
Wounds
that
were
not
Mortal
.
This
famous
Victory
obtained
,
the
King
fell
on
his
Knees
,
and
caused
all
the
Army
to
do
the
like
;
and
with
up-lifted
Hands
say
,
Lord
,
Not
unto
us
,
not
unto
us
,
but
to
thy
Name
be
Glory
and
Honour
.
In
this
Battel
(
which
the
King
said
should
be
called
The
Battel
of
Agincourt
to
all
Posterity
,
because
Fought
near
that
Town
)
were
slain
of
the
French
,
Charles
Lord
Delabreth
,
Constable
of
France
,
Jaques
Lord
of
Dampire
,
High
Admiral
,
John
Duke
of
Alanson
,
Anthony
Duke
of
Brabant
,
Edward
Duke
of
Barre
;
The
Earls
of
Marle
,
Vaudemont
,
Blawmount
,
Grand
Pree
,
Russey
,
Faulconbridg
,
Foys
,
and
Lastrake
,
25
Lords
,
8000
Knights
,
Esquires
,
and
Gentlemen
,
and
about
10000
of
the
meaner
sort
.
The
Prisoners
of
Note
were
Charles
Duke
of
Orleance
,
John
Duke
of
Burbon
,
The
Lords
Donuart
,
Fosseux
,
Humiers
,
Roy
,
Cawny
,
Hamcourt
,
Noell
,
Bonciqualt
,
and
some
others
;
and
on
King
Henry's
part
of
Note
were
slain
Edward
Duke
of
York
,
and
the
Earl
of
Worcester
:
Some
Historians
will
have
the
latter
to
be
the
Earl
of
Suffolk
,
and
not
above
600
others
of
all
Ranks
.
The
King
who
before
the
Battel
had
Vowed
to
Dye
or
Conquer
,
and
that
England
should
never
be
at
a
Penny
charge
for
his
Ransom
,
was
informed
by
some
of
his
Noble
Prisoners
,
That
the
French
were
so
confident
of
the
Victory
,
that
they
had
not
only
disposed
of
his
Person
,
and
the
spoil
of
his
Camp
before
hand
,
but
also
of
Places
and
Offices
in
England
:
But
when
Man
proposes
,
God
disposes
.
The
Dead
being
Honourably
Buried
,
and
the
Soldiers
Inriched
with
the
Spoil
,
the
King
Marched
to
Callis
,
without
any
interuption
;
and
having
settled
his
Affairs
,
passed
into
England
,
where
he
was
received
by
his
Subjects
with
unspeakable
Joy
.
Soon
after
this
,
the
Duke
of
Exeter
,
Captain
of
Harestew
,
Ravaged
the
Countries
,
and
Overthrew
the
Earl
of
Arminiack
,
the
new
Constable
of
France
,
with
considerable
slaughter
;
taking
many
Prisoners
,
for
which
he
had
large
Ransoms
:
And
Sigismund
the
Emperor
of
Germany
coming
into
England
,
laboured
to
conclude
a
Peace
between
the
two
Kings
;
but
not
being
able
to
effect
it
,
he
made
one
for
himself
;
and
being
honourably
attended
by
the
King
and
his
Nobles
to
his
Ships
,
he
returned
home
,
highly
satisfied
with
his
Entertainment
:
Shortly
after
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
made
a
Peace
with
King
Henry
only
for
the
Counties
of
Flanders
and
Arthois
,
for
which
he
was
suspected
as
an
Enemy
to
the
Crown
of
France
.
In
the
Kings
absence
,
the
French
Besieged
Hareflew
by
Sea
and
Land
;
but
their
Fleet
,
Commanded
by
John
Viscount
Narbon
,
was
utterly
destroyed
by
John
Duke
of
Bedford
;
whereupon
the
Constable
raised
the
Siege
by
Land
,
and
hasted
to
Paris
;
upon
which
the
French
Nobility
Quarelled
among
themselves
,
about
the
several
bad
Successes
,
charging
the
Miscarriage
upon
one
another
,
which
made
for
King
Henry's
Interest
;
so
that
he
called
a
Parliament
at
Westminster
,
declaring
publickly
his
Right
and
undoubted
Title
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
and
the
many
wrongs
the
French
had
done
the
English
Nation
,
which
now
they
had
an
opportunity
to
repair
,
in
giving
him
Supplies
to
enable
him
in
the
prosecution
of
his
Wars
,
which
they
liberally
Granted
him
;
and
it
was
raised
without
any
murmurings
of
the
People
,
as
in
other
Reigns
had
happened
on
the
like
occasion
:
In
the
mean
while
John
Holland
Earl
of
Huntington
,
after
a
sharp
Engagement
,
took
three
Carracks
of
Genoa
,
and
sunk
other
six
,
that
were
going
to
Aid
the
French
;
and
in
the
Prizes
found
great
store
of
Treasure
;
and
early
in
the
Spring
the
King
Landed
a
strong
Army
in
Normandy
,
took
the
Castle
of
Tonque
,
whereupon
the
Villagers
of
that
Dutchy
fled
into
their
Walled-Towns
,
and
he
laid
Siege
to
the
City
of
Caen
,
which
after
many
fierce
Assaults
,
he
took
,
putting
to
Death
the
most
obstinate
,
who
had
too
long
refused
his
proffered
Mercy
,
in
holding
out
against
him
;
and
the
more
Wealthy
Citizens
he
put
to
Fines
and
Ransoms
.
And
now
a
Quarrel
happened
between
the
Queen
of
France
and
the
Dauphin
her
Son
,
for
she
having
raked
together
great
store
of
Treasure
,
he
forcibly
seized
it
for
the
use
of
the
War
;
which
so
enraged
her
,
that
she
vowed
Revenge
,
and
procured
John
Duke
of
Burgundy
to
be
Protector
of
the
Kings
Person
and
of
the
Kingdome
;
so
that
an
irreconcileable
Quarrel
continued
among
them
:
The
Constable
and
Dauphin
labouring
to
weaken
his
Interest
,
and
he
on
the
other
hand
supported
by
the
Kings
Favour
,
was
not
wanting
to
do
the
like
for
them
.
Whilst
King
Henry
was
Warring
in
Normandy
,
and
took
in
about
50
strong
Towns
and
Castles
,
reducing
the
Normans
for
the
most
part
to
his
obedience
,
and
having
appointed
Sir
Gilbert
Vmphrevile
Captain
of
Caen
Castle
,
and
Sir
Gilbert
Talbot
the
like
of
the
Town
,
Sir
John
Popham
Baylif
,
&c.
and
disposed
the
other
Places
in
Trusty
Hands
,
he
Marched
to
Roan
,
where
he
found
the
Citizens
had
drawn
a
great
Trench
about
it
,
and
strongly
Fortified
it
with
Towers
and
Bullwarks
,
and
having
laid
Siege
to
it
,
at
Pontle-Arch
he
laid
over
a
strong
Chain
,
and
a
Wooden
Bridge
to
hinder
any
Succours
coming
by
Water
,
keeping
likewise
that
Passage
blocked
up
with
a
strong
Squadron
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Earl
of
Warwick
;
and
whilst
he
lay
at
this
Siege
,
the
Lord
Kilmay
with
16000
Irishmen
,
came
to
him
Armed
with
Darts
and
Coats
of
Mail
,
being
joyfully
received
,
and
proved
very
servicable
.
But
the
King
finding
his
violent
Assaults
were
repulsed
,
the
Garrison
being
very
Numerous
,
incompassed
the
place
to
the
Landward
,
with
a
wide
and
deep
Trench
,
impailed
at
the
bottom
with
sharp
Stakes
,
and
so
well
guarded
with
Archers
,
that
they
durst
not
approach
it
;
so
there
being
Multitudes
of
useless
People
in
the
City
,
the
Famine
encreased
so
sore
among
them
,
that
nothing
Unclean
was
left
uneaten
;
nor
were
those
they
turned
out
suffered
to
pass
the
English
Camp
,
so
that
many
Hundreds
with
piteous
cries
lay
and
died
under
the
Walls
;
and
the
Siege
having
continued
from
Lamas
tide
,
till
Christmas
,
on
New-Years
Day
they
desired
safe
Conduct
for
their
Commissioners
to
pass
to
the
King
,
which
was
allowed
,
but
to
little
purpose
;
for
a
bold
Frenchman
so
angered
him
with
his
vaunting
speech
(
wherein
he
taxed
him
with
unprincely
degenerateness
,
and
meanness
of
Courage
,
for
Cloistering
up
the
Garrison
to
Starve
them
,
as
not
daring
to
let
them
be
at
liberty
to
Fight
,
and
sell
their
Lives
bravely
in
the
Field
)
That
he
resolved
not
to
hearken
to
any
Terms
,
but
the
Surrender
of
the
City
upon
discretion
,
Granting
them
only
a
Truce
of
Eight
Days
to
well
advise
in
the
matter
;
but
nothing
being
determined
,
the
half-Starved
Inhabitants
with
hideous
cries
and
shouts
compelled
the
Governour
and
Magistrates
to
a
Surrender
;
so
that
having
Four
Days
more
allowed
,
they
Surrendered
the
City
and
Castle
to
the
King
,
there
being
Famished
during
the
Siege
5000
,
and
12000
Starvelings
were
turned
out
,
who
many
of
them
dyed
in
the
Fields
and
Lanes
:
Then
he
compelled
the
Burghers
for
their
Ransom
to
pay
him
356000
Crowns
and
swear
Fealty
to
him
and
his
Successors
,
and
with
this
Capital
City
went
the
currant
of
the
rest
,
so
that
he
became
sole
Master
of
Normandy
.
Upon
this
,
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
came
to
King
Henry
under
safe
conduct
,
to
treat
of
an
Accommodation
;
but
whatever
the
King
asked
,
was
denied
;
which
made
him
in
a
passion
Swear
,
That
he
would
have
the
Lady
Catharine
in
Marriage
,
and
what
he
demanded
with
her
,
or
otherwise
he
would
ere
long
drive
both
him
and
his
Master
out
of
the
Kingdom
:
To
which
the
Duke
Replied
,
Those
words
were
easie
to
be
spoke
,
but
that
he
must
take
much
Labour
and
Toil
to
make
them
good
.
After
this
,
the
Duke
reconciled
himself
to
the
Dauphin
,
ratified
under
their
Hands
and
Seals
before
a
publick
Notary
,
and
King
Henry
to
let
the
world
see
he
resolved
to
persist
in
what
he
had
enterprized
,
created
Gascoyn
D'
Foyes
,
Earl
of
Longeville
;
Sir
John
Grey
,
Earl
of
Tankervile
;
and
Sir
John
Bourchier
,
Earl
of
Ewe
in
the
Kingdom
of
France
;
and
upon
the
approach
of
Captain
Bueff
with
1500
Men
to
Ponthoyse
,
the
Lord
Listendame
,
the
Governour
,
with
10000
Inhabitants
,
Deserted
it
,
leaving
for
haste
most
of
their
Rich
Goods
behind
them
.
This
Place
the
King
Fortified
,
and
Marched
to
Paris
,
which
he
lay
before
Three
Days
,
bringing
a
great
terror
on
that
City
;
but
with
his
small
Army
not
able
to
incompass
it
,
he
Marched
back
to
Ponthoyse
.
John
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
as
is
said
,
having
reconciled
himself
to
the
Dauphin
,
yet
it
being
superficial
,
and
not
hearty
,
he
determined
in
a
more
submissive
manner
to
humble
himself
unto
him
,
that
thereby
their
Loves
taking
a
deeper
root
,
might
bring
forth
the
fruits
of
Unity
and
Peace
;
but
when
they
met
,
the
Dauphin
,
whose
Mallice
was
irreconcileable
,
and
whose
mistrustful
Jealosie
did
perswade
him
that
the
Duke
would
not
be
faithful
,
procured
him
treacherously
to
be
Murthered
,
by
the
blow
of
a
Battel-Ax
in
his
presence
,
as
he
was
about
to
kneel
and
pay
him
Homage
.
This
was
looked
on
by
many
as
a
just
Judgment
,
because
much
in
the
same
manner
he
had
caused
Lewis
Duke
of
Orleance
to
be
Murthered
in
the
Tenth
Year
of
King
Henry
the
Fourth
.
This
made
not
amiss
for
King
Henry
,
but
hastened
his
advancement
;
for
Philip
,
Son
to
the
Murthered
Duke
,
was
so
highly
displeased
,
that
he
not
only
in
his
melancholy
Anger
determined
forever
to
separate
himself
from
his
Innocent
Dutchess
,
without
any
other
reason
or
cause
,
than
that
she
was
Sister
to
the
Dauphin
;
but
as
his
fury
abated
,
her
Tears
and
the
sober
Advice
of
his
Counsellours
,
brought
him
to
better
reason
;
so
that
for
that
time
his
Love
continued
to
her
as
at
first
:
Yet
he
resolved
on
Revenge
another
way
,
viz.
By
joyning
his
Interest
with
King
Henry
;
for
he
was
very
powerful
in
Flanders
,
as
well
as
Burgundy
,
and
was
able
to
give
a
considerable
check
to
France
,
but
more
especially
to
the
Dauphins
Interest
;
and
to
bring
this
about
,
he
laboured
to
Reconcile
the
Kings
of
England
and
France
;
and
in
those
his
endeavours
he
was
the
more
powerful
,
1.
Because
his
Wife
was
Daughter
to
the
French
King
.
2.
Because
the
Lady
Catharine
,
who
could
do
all
with
●●een
Isabella
,
passionately
desired
to
be
Married
to
King
●enry
.
3.
Because
the
Queen
,
for
depriving
her
of
her
Treasure
,
●●d
some
other
Affronts
put
upon
her
,
had
conceived
a
mor●●
hatred
against
the
Dauphin
,
insomuch
that
she
could
not
●●dure
to
hear
him
Named
.
4.
Because
the
Dauphin
was
more
Subtile
,
Cunning
,
●afty
,
and
Revengeful
,
Than
Politick
,
Wise
,
or
Valliant
;
And
Lastly
,
Because
the
treacherous
Murther
of
Bur●●ndy
had
rendered
him
Abhorred
among
the
Neighbouring
●rinces
,
and
for
the
most
part
in
France
.
And
soon
after
this
,
by
the
means
of
the
Duke
and
Queen
of
France
,
matters
so
ripened
towards
a
Peace
,
That
it
was
Agreed
King
Henry
should
have
an
Interview
with
Charles
the
French
King
,
his
Queen
,
and
Daughter
,
at
Trois
in
Campaign
;
whither
he
went
,
accompanied
with
his
Brothers
,
the
Dukes
of
Clarence
and
Gloucester
,
the
Earls
of
Warwick
,
Salisbury
,
Huntington
,
Longevile
,
Tankervile
and
Ewe
;
and
to
prevent
any
Treacherous
Surprise
,
drew
a
Camp
of
15000
Men
●ear
the
Place
;
and
so
luckey
were
their
Consultations
,
that
within
a
few
Days
a
strict
Amity
was
made
,
and
a
Peace
Proclaimed
between
the
two
Kings
,
upon
many
Articles
:
But
the
Substance
briefly
was
,
That
the
Crown
of
France
and
all
its
Rights
,
after
the
Death
of
King
Charles
and
his
Queen
,
should
re●●in
to
King
Henry
and
his
Heirs
forever
;
whereupon
〈◊〉
Married
the
Lady
Catharine
with
great
Pomp
and
●●endour
:
So
that
the
Salique
Law
of
France
was
at
●s
time
made
void
.
Yet
the
Pope
being
solicited
to
●●firm
King
Henry
,
would
not
consent
to
it
:
How●●er
the
Articles
of
Peace
and
Agreement
were
Pro●●med
in
both
Kingdoms
;
so
that
King
Henry
being
●w
more
at
leasure
,
and
commanding
for
the
French
King
,
as
being
appointed
Regent
or
Protector
of
France
,
he
pursued
the
Dauphin
from
place
to
place
,
stripping
him
with
little
labour
of
many
important
Towns
,
Castles
,
and
Fortresses
;
and
in
the
strong
Town
of
Moylin
on
the
River
Seine
,
they
took
the
Lord
Barbason
,
and
divers
others
,
who
were
concerned
in
the
Murther
of
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
;
who
being
sent
to
Paris
,
were
Tryed
,
Sentenced
,
and
put
to
Death
;
and
the
Dutchess
Dowager
of
Burgundy
Appealing
to
a
Grand
Council
in
which
the
two
Kings
sat
as
Judges
against
the
Dauphin
and
seven
others
,
they
were
Summoned
to
appear
at
the
Marble
Table
in
Paris
at
a
fixed
Day
;
but
failing
to
do
it
,
as
likewise
in
the
Parliament
soon
after
called
,
They
were
Banished
the
Realm
,
deprived
of
their
Honours
,
Names
,
Titles
,
and
Dignities
whatsoever
,
and
Proclaimed
Enemies
.
This
greatly
perplexed
the
Dauphin
:
Yet
going
into
Languedock
,
he
was
succoured
and
supported
with
Money
Arms
and
other
Necessaries
,
by
the
Earl
of
Arminack
.
Almost
all
France
being
reduced
to
Obedience
,
the
two
Kings
and
Queens
took
leave
;
and
Henry
received
in
his
way
to
England
Homage
of
all
the
Nobles
of
the
Dutchy
of
Normandy
,
and
conferring
high
Honours
and
Titles
on
many
,
came
to
Callis
,
and
from
thence
Sailed
for
England
,
where
he
was
Joyfully
received
;
and
the
February
following
Queen
Catharine
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
,
with
great
Solemnity
.
The
Dauphin
upon
King
Henry's
departure
,
began
to
look
up
a
little
,
and
having
made
the
Young
Duke
of
Alanson
his
Lieutenant
;
the
Duke
of
Clarence
was
left
Lieutenant
for
Henry
,
who
deceived
by
one
Andrew
Forgusa
,
a
Treacherous
Lombard
,
whom
he
too
much
Trusted
,
thinking
to
repress
the
French
Forces
,
was
drawn
into
their
Ambush
,
and
after
a
desperate
Fight
against
four
to
one
,
the
English
were
Overthrown
near
Blangy
;
yet
the
French
lost
1200
of
their
choicest
Men
;
and
of
the
English
were
slain
the
Duke
of
Clarence
,
the
Earl
of
Tankervile
,
Sir
Gilbert
Vmphervile
,
the
Lord
Ross
,
and
near
2000
of
less
Note
;
and
taken
Prisoners
the
Earls
of
Suffolk
,
Sommerset
,
and
Perch
;
the
Lord
Fitz-Walter
,
and
others
:
But
upon
the
approach
of
Sir
Thomas
Beaufort
with
a
Band
of
Archers
,
the
French
hasted
out
of
the
Field
with
their
Prisoners
and
Spoil
,
as
having
had
hot
work
on
it
already
,
and
not
willing
to
try
a
second
Encounter
.
The
King
was
much
troubled
at
this
Overthrow
,
and
the
death
of
his
Brother
;
but
resolving
Revenge
,
he
sent
the
Earl
of
Mountague
to
succeed
him
in
the
Command
of
the
Provinces
,
and
assembling
a
Parliament
,
caused
to
be
laid
before
them
the
State
of
both
Nations
;
whereupon
to
enable
him
in
his
Wars
,
the
Temporality
gave
him
one
Fifteenth
,
and
the
Clergy
two
;
and
for
Expedition
,
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
Advanced
20000
l.
and
received
it
again
out
of
the
Tax
Granted
by
Parliament
;
whereupon
an
Army
consisting
of
24000
Men
was
Transported
under
the
Command
of
John
Duke
of
Bedford
,
the
King's
Brother
,
driving
the
Dauphin
from
the
Siege
of
Chartieres
,
from
thence
the
Duke
Marched
to
Paris
,
and
was
soon
joyned
by
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
with
4000
Horse
;
nor
was
the
King
slow
in
following
his
Army
,
having
with
him
James
the
Young
King
of
Scots
,
who
with
his
own
People
Besieged
and
Took
Direux
,
and
delivered
it
to
King
Henry
,
and
so
they
chased
the
Dauphin
out
of
all
his
strong
Holds
,
compelling
him
to
take
Refuge
in
Berry
,
whither
the
King
thought
not
fit
to
tire
his
Army
in
following
him
;
but
having
taken
in
a
great
many
places
,
repassed
the
Loire
.
About
this
time
Queen
Catharine
was
delivered
of
a
Son
at
Windsor
;
which
News
coming
to
the
King
,
very
much
troubled
him
,
because
he
had
charged
her
not
to
Lye-in
there
;
but
being
unexpectedly
taken
in
Labour
,
necessity
compelled
her
to
do
it
.
The
King's
Reason
for
it
,
was
grounded
on
an
old
Prophecy
,
Predicting
No
Prince
Fortunate
that
should
be
Born
there
:
Whereupon
,
in
a
Passion
he
said
to
the
Lord
Fitz-Hugh
,
his
Chamberlaine
,
Good
God!
I
Henry
of
Monmouth
shall
have
but
a
short
Reign
,
and
Win
much
;
but
Henry
of
Windsor
shall
Reign
long
,
and
Loose
all
:
But
God's
Will
be
done
.
Soon
after
this
,
the
King
having
Reduced
the
Isles
of
France
,
and
almost
all
other
Places
,
fell
Sick
,
and
unable
to
Travel
:
whereupon
he
committed
the
charge
of
the
Army
to
his
Brother
John
Duke
of
Bedford
.
Then
calling
together
his
Nobles
,
and
sending
for
the
Queen
,
he
appointed
the
Duke
of
Bedford
Regent
of
France
,
and
Lieutenant
General
of
Normandy
;
and
his
other
Brother
Humphry
Duke
of
Glocester
,
Regent
of
England
,
and
Protector
of
his
Son's
Person
;
Exhorting
the
Nobles
to
maintain
the
Friendship
with
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
always
to
be
at
Union
among
themselves
;
to
be
faithful
to
his
Son
and
Queen
,
and
never
to
conclude
a
Peace
with
the
Dauphin
till
he
submitted
to
his
Son
:
Soon
after
this
,
he
Dyed
,
August
31st
Anno
1422
at
Boice
Le
Vincenois
in
France
,
of
a
Burning
Feavour
,
and
Flux
,
in
the
30th
Year
of
his
Age
,
when
he
had
Reigned
9
Years
,
5
Months
,
and
10
Days
;
and
his
Body
being
brought
over
,
was
Buried
among
his
Noble
Ancestors
at
Westminster
,
with
extraordinary
Solemnity
.
SUSSEX
By
I.
Seller
map of Sussex
Remarks
on
the
County
of
Sussex
,
&c.
SUssex
is
a
very
pleasant
open
County
in
most
parts
,
and
much
advantaged
by
its
lying
open
on
its
South
side
to
the
Sea
;
It
produces
a
considerable
sprinkling
of
Corn
,
flocks
of
Sheep
,
and
many
Large
Cattle
;
Fruit
great
store
,
and
much
Pasture-Ground
;
It
abounds
in
Butter
,
Cheese
,
and
some
Honey
,
Flax
and
Hops
;
on
the
West
it
is
Bounded
with
Hampshire
,
on
the
North
with
Kent
and
Surry
,
and
on
the
East
with
the
Sea
,
and
some
little
part
of
Kent
:
It
contains
1
City
,
viz.
Chichester
,
which
is
a
Bishops
See
,
65
Hundreds
,
Parishes
312
,
Market
Towns
17
,
1
Castle
,
2
Rivers
,
10
Bridges
,
and
33
Parks
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
20
,
viz.
Arundel
2
,
Bramber
2
,
Chichester
2
,
East
Grinstead
2
,
Horesham
2
,
Lewis
2
,
Midhurst
2
,
New
Shoreham
2
,
Steyning
2
;
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
:
Besides
the
Cinque
Ports
,
viz.
Hastings
2
,
Rye
2
,
Seaford
2
,
and
Winchelsea
2.
Chichester
in
this
County
is
held
to
be
Founded
by
Cissa
a
South
Saxon
,
and
the
Bishoprick
was
Translated
thither
from
Sesley
by
William
the
Conqueror
;
at
Lewis
King
Ethelston
Coined
his
Money
,
and
a
strong
Castle
was
Built
there
by
Earl
Warren
,
and
a
Bloody
Battel
fought
near
it
between
King
Henry
and
his
Barons
;
at
Pensey
or
Pevensey
the
Conqueror
Landed
when
he
won
England
;
and
near
Hastings
the
great
Fight
was
fought
between
William
and
King
Harold
for
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
place
is
called
to
this
day
Battel-Field
;
at
Buckstead
the
first
Great
Iron
Guns
in
England
were
Cast
:
The
Waters
in
this
County
produce
the
best
Carp
in
the
Island
,
and
on
the
Sea
Coast
store
of
Lobsters
are
taken
.
Near
Walsal
are
store
of
Lime
Pits
;
Sesley
is
famed
for
Cockles
;
near
Tenderden
Steeple
is
a
Stone
that
sensibly
appears
to
Grow
by
the
falliag
of
the
Rain
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Arundel
Castle
,
belonging
to
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
;
Buckhurs
and
Stoneland
,
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Dorset
;
part
of
Bolebrook
,
to
the
Earl
of
Thanet
;
Herst
Monceux
,
to
the
Earl
of
Sussex
;
Cowdrey
,
Battel-Abby
and
Poynings
,
to
the
Lord
Montague
;
Petworth-Place
,
to
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
;
Eridg
,
to
the
Lord
Abergavenny
;
Up-Park
,
to
the
Lord
Grey
;
and
Chichester
Palace
,
to
the
Bishop
of
the
Diocess
:
And
many
sightly
Houses
belonging
to
the
Gentry
,
&c.
The
Reign
of
HENRY
the
Sixth
(
commonly
called
Henry
of
Windsor
.
)
HENRY
the
Sixth
,
being
at
the
Death
of
his
Father
not
above
three
Months
Old
,
a
Parliament
was
soon
after
called
,
and
he
Crowned
at
Westminster
,
at
five
Months
Old
,
the
Queen
holding
him
in
her
Lap
whilst
the
Ceremony
was
performed
,
and
likewise
brought
into
the
Parliament-House
,
where
the
Lords
paid
Homage
to
him
as
their
Rightful
Soveraign
;
a
Speech
on
his
behalf
being
made
to
them
by
the
Queen
,
Exhorting
them
to
be
stedfast
and
Unanimous
in
securing
his
Right
,
and
opposing
his
Enemies
,
&c.
which
they
promised
to
be
,
and
endeavour
to
the
utmost
.
Not
long
after
this
,
King
Charles
the
Sixth
Dying
,
the
French
Nobles
began
to
bethink
themselves
,
that
it
stood
little
with
their
Honour
to
be
subject
to
a
Prince
of
another
Nation
,
whilst
they
had
a
Son
of
their
King
amongst
them
;
and
forgeting
their
Oaths
and
Fealty
,
they
began
on
a
suddain
to
grow
cold
towards
the
English
,
and
seemed
desirous
to
shake
off
their
Yoak
;
of
which
the
Regent
giving
notice
to
his
Brother
in
England
,
care
was
taken
continually
to
send
him
over
Men
and
Money
,
to
compell
them
,
if
necessity
required
it
,
to
their
Obedience
;
but
first
he
used
all
manner
of
fair
Means
,
minding
them
if
they
persevered
in
their
Loyalty
,
the
happy
conclusion
would
make
them
Rich
and
Fortunate
,
win
to
them
the
Love
and
Favour
of
their
Young
King
,
as
he
grew
up
and
increased
in
Wisdom
and
Years
,
&c.
However
the
Dauphin
got
himself
Crowned
by
his
Party
,
under
the
Title
of
Charles
the
Seventh
;
and
with
his
small
Army
took
the
Field
,
sending
the
Lord
Grandval
to
Besiege
Pont-Melance
on
the
River
Seine
,
which
he
had
the
fortune
to
surprize
before
the
English
Garrison
was
aware
of
his
coming
,
putting
most
he
found
therein
to
the
Sword
;
but
it
was
soon
regained
by
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
and
the
Lord
Grandval
swore
Allegiance
for
his
Ransom
,
to
King
Henry
,
but
basely
revolted
as
soon
as
he
was
Enlarged
:
Then
the
Earl
took
Senes
;
whereupon
the
Parisians
sued
to
the
New
French
King
to
assist
them
underhand
,
tho'
at
the
same
time
they
had
for
a
colour
sent
some
of
their
Citizens
to
King
Henry
,
promising
a
continued
Duty
and
Loyalty
,
for
yet
they
found
not
matters
ripe
for
an
open
Revolt
:
But
whilst
the
Regent
was
Magnificently
Celebrating
his
Nuptials
with
the
Lady
Ann
Sister
to
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
they
secretly
sent
to
Charles
,
Advertising
him
,
That
if
he
came
speedily
with
any
considerable
Power
,
they
would
over-master
the
English
Garrison
,
and
deliver
the
City
into
his
hands
.
This
greatly
Rejoyced
him
;
but
whilst
his
Preparations
were
slow
,
the
Conspiracy
was
made
known
to
the
Regent
,
who
swiftly
Marched
his
Army
in
at
their
Gates
,
seized
on
the
chief
Conspirators
,
and
caused
them
to
be
Executed
in
sundry
places
of
the
City
;
placing
a
greater
Garrison
,
which
very
much
curbed
them
,
bridling
them
more
with
the
Castle
of
Pacy
and
Coursay
,
not
far
from
thence
,
which
he
took
,
and
strongly
Fortified
;
and
to
prevent
the
Scots
Aiding
the
French
,
James
their
King
was
sent
home
,
who
had
been
taken
on
the
Seas
,
and
a
Prisoner
at
Large
to
the
English
many
Years
;
yet
the
English
Interest
was
something
weakened
by
the
Revolt
of
the
Duke
of
Britainy
,
who
fearing
the
Regent
growing
Powerful
might
bring
him
into
subjection
,
joyned
with
the
Dauphin
,
as
did
his
Brother
Arthur
Earl
of
Yvrie
,
causing
that
Town
in
Normandy
of
which
King
Henry
the
Fifth
had
made
him
Captain
,
to
Rebel
;
yet
that
and
Vernoille
,
which
had
likewise
Revolted
,
were
soon
Regained
,
and
the
French
Armies
that
came
to
Relieve
them
,
were
Overthrown
.
Soon
after
,
the
defeated
Governour
of
Yvrie
,
whom
the
Dauphin
had
unworthily
made
Constable
of
France
,
Besieged
St.
James
Town
in
Bayon
,
with
4000
Men
,
but
the
Besieged
issuing
out
with
hideous
cries
of
St.
George
and
the
Earl
Salisbury
,
who
by
his
Martial
deeds
was
grown
Terrible
to
the
French
,
that
Army
being
seized
with
a
fear
that
the
Earl
was
entered
with
his
Army
on
the
other
side
,
and
about
to
break-in
upon
them
,
all
in
confusion
threw
away
their
Arms
and
fled
;
so
a
handful
of
Men
pursuing
,
a
great
many
of
them
leaped
into
the
River
and
were
Drowned
,
others
were
slain
,
and
all
the
Rich
Plunder
of
the
Camp
fell
to
the
English
.
But
whilst
we
thus
Triumphed
in
France
,
a
Mischief
had
like
to
have
marred
all
at
home
,
by
a
discord
that
happened
between
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
and
his
Unkle
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
:
But
the
Regent
leaving
the
Earl
of
Warwick
his
Lieutenant
General
in
France
,
came
timely
over
,
and
made
them
Friends
in
a
Parliament
he
called
;
in
honour
of
which
Reconciliation
,
the
Young
King
held
a
solemn
Feast
,
and
the
Regent
Dubbed
him
a
Knight
;
after
which
,
the
King
made
Richard
,
Son
to
the
late
Earl
of
Cambridge
,
Duke
of
York
,
and
Restored
John
Moubray
Earl
Marshal
,
to
his
Fathers
Dutchy
of
Norfolk
;
and
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
going
to
Callis
,
met
the
Popes
Bull
which
Invested
him
with
the
Dignity
of
a
Cardinal
,
which
highly
pleased
him
;
and
new
Forces
being
Levied
in
England
,
were
sent
to
strengthen
the
Armies
in
France
;
so
that
a
great
number
of
Towns
that
had
Revolted
,
were
Regained
,
and
many
French
Nobles
put
to
their
Ransoms
,
which
raised
Money
to
maintain
the
War
.
Orleance
being
now
the
strongest
place
the
French
held
,
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
laid
Siege
to
it
;
but
after
two
Months
lying
before
it
,
the
Earl
from
a
Watch-Tower
taking
a
view
of
the
Town
where
it
was
easiest
to
be
Assaulted
,
was
slain
by
a
shot
from
a
Culverin
;
being
the
first
Noble
Englishman
ever
known
to
be
kill'd
by
a
Great
Shot
;
and
with
his
Death
,
the
Courage
of
the
English
much
abated
.
However
,
the
Earl
of
Suffolk
succeeded
him
in
the
Command
,
who
sending
out
Sir
John
Falstaff
to
procure
Provisions
for
the
Camp
,
the
Lord
Delabreth
in
his
return
intending
to
surprise
him
with
a
great
Power
,
was
beaten
by
his
small
Party
,
as
being
catched
again
with
the
Agincourt
Trap
,
by
Goaring
their
Horses
on
Irons
Pointed
,
whilst
the
English
retired
safe
behind
them
,
and
with
their
Arrows
made
a
miserable
Slaughter
of
2500
of
his
Men
,
taking
11000
Prisoners
,
and
a
great
Boo●
;
whereupon
the
Besieged
in
Orleance
offered
to
deliver
up
the
City
to
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
if
he
would
take
them
into
his
immediate
Protection
,
which
he
consented
to
do
,
if
the
Regent
would
Agree
to
it
:
But
when
he
proposed
it
,
the
Regent
told
him
,
He
could
not
,
for
since
King
Henry
had
been
at
such
great
Charge
to
reduce
it
to
Extreamity
,
and
at
a
point
to
Yield
,
it
was
altogether
reasonable
it
should
obey
no
other
Soveraign
but
him
.
This
much
perplexed
the
Duke
,
and
made
him
ever
after
lessen
his
Affections
to
the
English
,
till
he
quite
fell
off
,
and
to
their
great
detriment
joyned
with
the
adverse
party
.
The
Citizens
of
Orleance
finding
their
Proposal
fruitless
,
sent
to
the
Dauphin
for
speedy
Succour
,
resolving
to
hold
out
to
the
last
Extreamity
,
and
the
Watches
of
the
English
Camp
being
careless
,
as
expecting
every
day
it
would
Surrender
,
in
the
depth
of
Night
they
thrust
several
Thousand
Men
in
,
with
store
of
Provisions
;
so
that
within
a
few
days
they
boldly
Sallied
with
their
main
Strength
,
won
a
strong
Pass
,
and
slew
600
English
that
Guarded
it
,
but
Assaulting
a
Bastile
where
the
Lord
Talbot
lay
,
he
fell
on
them
with
such
fury
,
that
leaving
half
their
Number
Dead
,
the
rest
fled
fearful
into
the
Town
.
But
the
next
day
the
Earl
of
Suffolk
,
by
reason
of
the
new
Supplies
,
seeing
no
probability
of
winning
the
Place
,
raised
the
Sirge
,
and
put
the
greater
part
of
his
Army
into
Garrisons
;
but
whilst
himself
lay
at
Jargeaux
,
the
French
won
it
,
and
took
him
Prisoner
,
and
many
Noble
Prisoners
were
Slain
,
because
the
French
hotly
contended
among
themselves
to
whom
they
rightly
belonged
;
and
about
25000
French
under
the
Earl
of
Vendosm
and
others
,
meeting
with
the
Lords
Scales
,
Talbot
,
and
Hungerford
who
Fought
with
them
desperately
;
but
not
having
above
5000
English
,
they
were
Overthrown
,
and
the
Lords
taken
Prisoners
;
yet
the
French
magnifying
their
Victory
,
many
small
Towns
and
Castles
Revolted
to
them
,
as
Trois
,
Rhemes
,
Challons
,
and
many
others
;
which
made
the
Regent
resolve
to
give
Charles
Battel
,
sending
to
defie
him
as
a
Usurper
and
Traytor
to
his
Lord
and
Master
;
and
tho'
he
drew
out
his
Army
and
made
some
semblance
as
if
he
accepted
the
Challenge
,
yet
he
shifted
and
fled
from
place
to
place
,
and
could
not
be
brought
to
a
fair
Field
;
and
the
Towns
still
Revolting
,
it
was
thought
Expedient
to
send
for
King
Henry
over
,
thinking
his
Presence
might
keep
the
rest
in
Obedience
;
and
accordingly
coming
to
Paris
,
he
was
Crowned
there
King
of
France
,
with
much
Royal
Pomp
and
Solemnity
:
Yet
this
stopped
not
the
current
of
the
Revolt
;
whereupon
no
sooner
was
the
King
returned
to
England
,
but
the
Regent
hastned
into
Normandy
to
secure
his
Interest
there
;
for
things
run
so
strongly
,
he
knew
not
whom
he
might
trust
.
Whilst
these
things
were
doing
,
Charles
who
had
been
likewise
Crowned
King
of
France
,
with
many
Flatteries
and
large
Promises
of
Honour
,
Riches
,
and
Promotion
,
laboured
to
withdraw
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
from
King
Henry's
Interest
;
yet
at
this
time
,
tho'
he
was
not
well
affected
to
the
English
,
by
reason
of
the
distaste
he
conceived
at
the
Siege
of
Orleance
,
he
refused
his
offers
,
and
acquainted
the
Regent
with
the
whole
Intrigue
;
so
that
when
Charles
perceived
this
device
was
fruitless
,
he
drew
down
his
whole
Army
before
Paris
,
but
after
many
Assaults
,
he
was
beaten
off
,
with
a
great
slaughter
of
his
Men
,
by
the
English
in
Garison
there
,
and
some
few
Citizens
as
were
well
affected
to
King
Henry
;
for
which
the
Regent
at
his
return
gave
them
many
Thanks
and
Rewards
;
at
which
they
seemed
greatly
to
rejoyce
,
promising
much
,
but
in
the
sequel
performing
little
.
These
troublesome
Wars
having
held
a
long
time
,
the
Princes
of
Europe
mediated
for
Peace
,
which
only
came
to
a
six
Years
Truce
,
and
yet
that
was
broke
much
sooner
,
upon
the
death
of
Ann
,
the
Regents
Dutchess
,
Sister
to
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
his
Marrying
the
Lady
Jaquet
,
Daughter
to
the
Earl
of
St.
Paul
.
For
as
much
as
hereupon
the
Duke
of
Burgundy's
Love
to
the
English
more
and
more
declined
,
and
the
bond
of
Affinity
that
tied
him
more
strictly
to
the
Regent
,
being
sundered
by
the
Death
of
his
Sister
;
and
now
the
French
taking
all
advantages
,
secretly
conveyed
200
Men
into
the
Castle
of
Roan
in
Normandy
;
but
they
were
Assaulted
by
the
Garrison
with
such
timely
Courage
(
for
they
had
been
Introduced
by
the
Treachery
of
the
Deputy-Governour
,
as
Friends
)
that
they
were
beaten
into
the
Dungeon
,
from
whence
they
were
sentenced
some
to
the
Gallows
,
others
to
a
different
manner
of
Death
,
by
Cruel
Torments
;
and
those
that
sped
best
,
were
put
to
great
Ransoms
.
Hereupon
the
Regent
took
the
Field
,
and
being
Reinforced
by
800
Men
at
Arms
,
brought
over
by
the
Lord
Talbot
,
who
had
sometime
before
,
by
his
Ransom
being
paid
,
been
set
at
liberty
;
and
often
urged
the
French
to
a
Battel
,
which
they
declined
:
In
the
mean
while
,
the
Boors
in
Normandy
rose
in
a
tumultuous
Rebellion
,
but
being
Overthrown
by
the
Earl
of
Arundel
,
about
1000
of
them
Slain
,
and
several
of
their
Ringleaders
Executed
,
this
disturbance
was
quieted
.
But
as
the
Earl
went
to
recover
St.
Rue
,
which
had
Revolted
,
attempting
to
take
in
by
the
way
Greborie
Castle
,
he
was
shot
in
the
Ancle
with
a
Culverin
Ball
,
and
being
taken
Prisoner
,
soon
after
Dyed
of
his
Wound
.
The
Duke
of
Bourbon
,
who
had
been
taken
Prisoner
at
the
Battel
of
Agincourt
,
after
fifteen
Years
Imprisonment
,
paid
his
Ransom
;
but
the
day
he
intended
to
Imbarke
for
France
,
Dyed
at
London
.
And
now
after
many
Jealousies
between
the
Regent
and
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
their
Friends
laboured
to
Reconcile
them
,
and
they
seemingly
were
again
united
in
strict
Amity
:
But
going
together
into
the
Town
of
St.
Omer's
,
th●
Regent
expected
the
first
Visit
,
as
due
to
his
Character
and
Dignity
,
but
the
Duke
being
Soveraign
Lord
of
that
Town
,
supposed
he
should
be
Checked
by
his
Subjects
for
such
a
dishonourable
condesention
;
thereupon
they
declined
the
Visits
,
and
both
left
the
Town
in
much
Anger
,
and
forthwith
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
entered
into
a
strict
League
with
Charles
,
who
had
taken
on
him
the
stile
of
King
of
France
.
After
this
,
St.
Dennis
,
and
other
Towns
were
Surprised
,
or
otherways
Taken
by
the
French
,
but
many
of
them
again
Retaken
;
and
those
that
were
not
looked
on
as
Teneable
,
Dismantled
:
And
now
the
Regent
by
reason
of
his
unwearied
Toil
,
falling
into
a
desperate
Languishment
,
Dyed
;
and
was
Buried
in
a
stately
Monument
,
erected
for
him
in
our
Lady's
Church
in
Roan
;
and
Richard
Duke
of
York
appointed
Regent
in
his
stead
,
against
the
Mind
of
the
Kings
nearest
Friends
and
best
Counsellours
,
who
were
not
Ignorant
of
his
Aspiring
and
pretensions
to
the
Crown
:
Soon
after
Paris
Revolted
,
and
another
Rebellion
was
raised
in
Normandy
,
but
soon
suppressed
by
the
Lords
Talbot
,
Seales
,
and
others
,
and
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
laid
Siege
to
Callis
,
but
was
compelled
to
raise
it
and
fly
by
Night
,
upon
notice
the
Protector
was
sending
great
Forces
from
England
to
Relieve
it
;
and
20000
Men
soon
after
Landed
,
Burning
and
Wasting
the
Dukes
Countries
of
Flanders
,
and
Arthois
.
But
now
the
French
began
to
deal
with
the
Scots
,
the
better
to
Favour
their
Designs
,
and
James
the
First
of
Scotland
forgetting
the
Benefits
he
had
received
from
King
Henry
the
Fifth
,
entered
England
with
30000
Men
,
and
Besieged
Roxborough
Castle
;
which
was
valiantly
Defended
by
Sir
Ralph
Grey
:
But
upon
the
approach
of
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
he
raised
his
Siege
,
and
fled
.
About
this
time
Queen
Catharine
,
Mother
to
King
Henry
,
Married
Owen
Tuther
,
a
goodly
Gentleman
,
descended
from
Cadwallader
the
last
of
the
British
Kings
;
and
by
her
had
Issue
two
Sons
,
viz.
Edmund
and
Jasper
;
Edmund
was
by
King
Henry
created
Earl
of
Richmond
,
and
took
to
Wife
the
Lady
Margaret
sole
Daughter
to
John
Duke
of
Sommerset
,
and
on
her
he
got
King
Henry
the
Seventh
;
and
Jasper
was
created
Earl
of
Pembrook
.
And
now
the
Kings
Council
so
prevailed
with
him
,
that
Richard
Duke
of
York
was
discharged
from
his
Regency
in
France
,
and
the
Earl
of
Warwick
appointed
in
his
stead
;
who
beat
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
from
the
Siege
of
Croy
,
when
in
his
flight
Sir
Thomas
Tyrrel
falling
in
his
Rear
,
took
his
Cannon
,
and
the
greater
part
of
his
Baggage
,
finding
in
Plate
and
Money
20000
l.
And
the
Earl
of
Mortayn
,
Son
to
Edmund
Duke
of
Sommerset
,
Assaulting
the
Castle
of
St.
Avyar
in
Mayn
,
took
it
by
Storm
,
and
put
to
the
Sword
300
Scots
,
and
Hanged
all
the
Frenchmen
he
found
therein
,
because
having
Sworn
Allegiance
to
King
Henry
,
they
Revolted
.
Whilst
these
things
were
doing
,
the
Elder
Son
of
Charles
raised
a
strong
Faction
,
and
Rebelled
against
him
,
and
by
publick
Edicts
divulged
the
insufficiency
of
his
Father
to
Rule
that
Kingdom
.
This
Cloud
threatened
a
coming
Storm
,
and
begat
the
Question
in
his
Father
and
his
Counsellours
of
State
,
Whether
it
was
most
proper
to
attempt
the
curing
this
Mallady
by
Civil
War
,
&
letting
of
Blood
,
or
by
Discretion
and
Policy
,
without
Blows
:
But
the
Latter
was
approved
,
and
Proclamations
made
by
the
French
King
to
Prohibit
all
his
Subjects
on
pain
of
Death
,
not
to
yield
any
Obedience
to
the
Dauphins
Commands
,
Pardoning
such
as
by
his
perswasion
had
undertaken
his
Service
;
so
that
divers
Letters
and
Messages
passing
between
them
,
an
Accommodation
was
made
.
Whilest
this
Difference
lasted
,
the
English
endeavoured
the
regaining
Paris
;
but
that
failing
,
John
Lord
Clifford
surprised
Panthois
,
by
Attiring
his
Men
in
White
,
and
passing
the
Ditches
hard
Frozen
and
covered
with
Snow
,
scaling
the
Walls
and
killing
the
Watch.
And
now
the
noble
Earl
of
Warwick
Dying
,
the
Duke
of
York
a
second
time
was
made
Regent
of
France
;
yet
the
French
by
Encroachments
and
Revolts
of
many
Towns
,
encouraged
(
when
their
Courage
failed
)
by
one
Joan
of
Arc
,
a
Martial
Maid
,
who
pretended
she
was
sent
by
Heaven
to
assist
her
Bleeding
Country
,
and
indeed
Leading
the
French
Troops
,
she
did
many
brave
Exploits
,
till
taken
by
the
English
,
after
she
had
received
many
Wounds
,
they
tryed
her
and
burnt
her
for
a
Witch
,
tho'
great
Ransoms
were
offered
for
her
by
the
French
;
and
this
they
the
rather
did
,
not
only
for
that
she
beat
them
off
from
the
Siege
of
Orleance
,
and
worsted
them
in
many
Skirmishes
,
but
because
the
French
conceived
a
superstitious
confidence
that
whilst
she
Lived
,
their
Proceedings
would
be
successful
and
prosperous
:
Yet
both
Potentates
in
the
End
,
on
the
French
recovering
Ponthois
,
growing
weary
of
so
tedious
a
War
,
that
had
wasted
their
People
and
Treasure
,
a
Conference
was
appointed
at
Callice
,
and
here
they
often
consulted
about
Peace
;
but
in
conlusion
adjourned
the
Negotiation
,
because
King
Henry's
Demands
were
looked
on
as
unreasonable
in
Three
Points
,
viz.
1.
In
regard
of
the
great
Ransom
demanded
for
the
Duke
of
Orleance
.
2.
For
that
the
peaceable
and
quiet
possession
of
the
Dutchies
of
Aquitaine
and
Normandy
were
required
without
any
Homage
or
Soveraignty
acknowledged
to
the
Crown
of
France
.
3.
For
that
the
surrendering
and
yielding
up
into
King
Henry's
hands
all
such
Cities
,
Towns
,
Forts
,
and
Territories
in
France
as
the
English
had
at
any
time
enjoyed
within
the
space
of
thirty
Years
past
,
was
required
.
However
tho'
the
Parley
was
dissolved
,
yet
the
Duke
of
Orleance
being
brought
to
Calice
,
tho'
King
Henry
the
Fifth
on
his
Death-Bed
had
commanded
he
should
not
be
Ransomed
,
he
was
Ransomed
by
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
Honourably
convey'd
to
the
French
Court
.
And
now
to
make
way
for
Calamities
at
Home
,
as
well
as
Misfortunes
Abroad
,
a
Quarrel
arose
between
the
Cardinal
of
Winchester
and
Duke
of
Gloucester
;
for
the
Duke
being
Protector
of
the
Realm
,
making
Complaints
against
the
Cardinals
Acting
many
things
contrary
to
the
Interest
of
the
King
and
Kingdome
,
without
any
Warant
,
or
making
the
King
Acquainted
with
it
,
The
Cardinal
in
Revenge
procured
the
Dutchess
of
Gloucester
to
be
accused
of
Sorcery
and
Witchcraft
,
holding
correspondence
with
Witches
,
to
take
away
the
King's
Life
;
and
tho'
most
believed
there
was
nothing
at
all
in
it
,
yet
the
Cardinal
being
backed
by
the
Clergy
,
procured
her
upon
groundless
suggestions
,
to
do
publick
Penance
twice
in
the
City
of
London
,
and
to
be
doomed
to
perpetual
Imprisonment
;
and
the
better
to
colour
the
matter
,
some
who
were
pretended
to
be
her
Associates
,
suffered
the
Flames
.
After
the
refusal
of
some
other
Matches
,
as
the
Earl
of
Arminack's
Daughter
,
&c.
King
Henry
(
by
the
means
and
procurement
of
the
Earl
of
Suffolk
,
Bribed
by
the
French
King
)
Married
the
Lady
Margaret
,
whom
he
received
by
Suffolk
his
Ambassador
at
the
Hands
of
the
French
King
,
and
Reyner
her
Father
,
Duke
of
Anjou
,
Titular
King
of
Sicily
,
Naples
,
and
Jerusalem
,
tho'
with
her
he
had
little
or
no
Dowry
;
which
made
the
Match
be
much
disliked
by
the
Nobles
and
Commons
.
Yet
for
this
Service
the
Earl
was
created
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
and
stood
high
in
the
Queen's
favour
;
and
they
soon
found
means
to
dismiss
the
good
Duke
of
Gloucester
from
his
Protectorship
,
after
he
had
a
long
time
faithfully
Served
the
King
and
Kingdom
.
And
soon
after
,
the
deposed
Protector
,
by
the
contrivance
of
his
Grand
Enemies
,
was
Accused
(
in
a
Parliament
assembled
by
the
Queen
in
the
King's
Name
at
Bury
)
of
High
Treason
,
and
committed
to
the
Tower
;
where
the
next
day
he
was
found
dead
in
his
Bed
,
to
the
great
Grief
of
almost
all
the
Kingdom
,
as
being
a
Pious
,
Valliant
,
and
Virtuous
Prince
;
it
was
generally
concluded
he
was
Smothered
,
for
no
Wound
was
found
about
him
:
But
God
was
not
slow
in
requiring
his
Blood
at
the
hands
of
those
that
were
undoubtedly
the
contrivers
of
his
fall
;
for
upon
the
removal
of
this
great
and
beloved
Statesman
,
Richard
Duke
of
York
found
an
open
way
to
thrust
in
,
and
set
up
his
pretensions
of
Title
to
the
Crown
,
making
himself
strong
in
Friends
and
Treasure
,
the
better
to
carry
on
his
designs
.
So
that
being
now
Intent
on
his
own
Advancement
,
he
grew
carless
of
his
Command
,
which
turned
greatly
to
the
advantage
of
the
French
;
for
the
Truce
no
sooner
expired
,
but
they
came
strongly
prepared
into
the
Field
,
and
making
three
Armies
,
took
in
divers
little
Towns
;
and
this
success
emboldened
them
,
that
holding
secret
correspondence
with
the
Inhabitants
of
Roan
in
Normandy
,
they
drew
an
Army
before
that
City
;
whereupon
the
Citizens
compelled
the
Earls
of
Sommerset
and
Shrewsbury
to
Surrender
the
place
;
having
leave
to
depart
to
Caen
with
all
their
Goods
:
Soon
after
Hareflew
,
and
divers
other
places
were
lost
.
A
Rebellion
about
this
time
breaking
out
in
Ireland
,
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
was
made
Regent
or
Lieutenant
in
Normandy
,
and
the
Duke
of
York
sent
over
to
quell
the
Irish
Rebells
,
which
he
easily
effected
.
But
this
dividing
,
weakening
the
English
Strength
,
the
Kings
Army
in
Normandy
was
Overthrown
,
and
Caen
Lost
,
and
soon
after
all
Normandy
;
and
now
Divisions
happened
at
Home
;
for
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
the
Queens
Favourite
,
being
Envied
by
the
People
,
they
were
Instigated
by
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
his
Faction
,
to
make
many
grievous
Complaints
against
him
,
upon
the
miscarriages
in
Government
;
whereupon
he
was
(
to
please
them
)
colourably
committed
to
the
Tower
,
yet
had
his
Liberty
at
will
;
which
so
Incensed
them
,
that
making
a
Fellow
their
Captain
,
nicknamed
Blewbeard
,
they
fell
into
Rebellion
;
but
were
soon
Quelled
,
and
some
of
their
Ringleaders
Executed
,
the
rest
were
Pardoned
.
Hereupon
the
King
and
Queen
thinking
to
reconcile
all
Differences
,
a
Parliament
was
called
;
but
contrary
to
their
expectation
,
the
Commons
craved
Justice
on
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
and
upon
his
Associates
,
viz.
James
Fines
,
Lord
Say
,
and
Treasurer
of
England
,
John
Bishop
of
Salisbury
,
and
some
others
;
whereupon
he
was
Banished
for
Five
Years
;
but
as
he
Sailed
for
France
,
being
way
laid
,
he
was
taken
by
an
English
Man
of
War
,
brought
to
Dover
,
and
had
his
Head
Choped
off
on
the
side
of
the
Ship
's
Boat
;
supposed
to
be
done
by
the
Duke
of
York's
contrivance
;
yet
he
was
not
Lamented
by
any
but
the
King
and
Queen
,
because
it
was
verily
supposed
he
had
a
hand
in
the
Duke
of
Glocester's
death
.
And
now
the
Duke
of
York
(
though
in
Ireland
)
did
by
his
Agents
here
stir
up
a
Rebellion
among
the
Plebeans
,
whose
Ringleader
was
Jack
Cade
,
who
falsly
Named
himself
John
Mortimer
right
Heir
to
the
Crown
;
but
the
King's
Forces
dispersed
them
,
many
being
Slain
,
and
Cade
being
Proscribed
,
and
a
Thousand
Marks
set
on
his
Head
,
it
was
soon
after
brought
to
the
King
.
The
Duke
of
York
being
defeated
in
this
,
by
the
Advice
of
his
Friends
returned
out
of
Ireland
without
the
King's
leave
,
and
consulting
with
the
Earls
of
Warwick
,
Devonshire
,
Salisbury
,
and
others
,
they
resolved
to
complain
in
Parliament
of
the
Queen's
Misgovernment
;
who
by
reason
of
the
Kings
Weakness
and
Imbecility
,
did
what
she
pleased
,
as
also
did
her
Favourits
,
the
chief
of
which
now
was
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
;
but
his
complaints
not
taking
such
effect
as
he
supposed
,
upon
new
Counsels
he
took
other
Measures
,
raising
an
Army
under
pretence
of
removing
Evil
Counsellours
from
the
King
,
charging
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
with
oppressing
the
People
,
and
the
many
Miscarriages
in
France
during
his
Regency
,
occasioning
the
loss
of
Normandy
and
Aquitain
,
with
many
other
things
.
The
King
upon
this
fearing
the
worst
,
raised
likewise
an
Army
;
whereupon
the
Duke
of
York
sent
a
submissive
Message
and
Letter
to
him
,
That
he
intended
nothing
against
his
Royal
Person
,
nor
against
the
State
,
but
only
craved
,
That
in
Parliament
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
might
be
Tryed
,
and
caused
to
Answer
to
such
Crimes
as
would
be
Objected
against
him
;
and
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
upon
this
,
being
for
shew
sake
,
committed
to
the
Tower
,
the
Duke
of
York
dissolved
his
Army
,
and
came
to
the
King
;
where
contrary
to
his
expectation
,
he
met
with
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
,
who
Accused
him
of
Treason
,
for
that
without
the
Kings
Leave
or
Commandment
,
he
had
raised
an
Army
,
with
which
he
intended
to
have
Murthered
his
Soveraign
,
and
made
himself
Inheritor
and
Possessor
of
the
Crown
:
Whereupon
the
Duke
was
Arrested
,
but
in
a
few
days
Released
.
Whilst
these
things
happened
in
England
,
the
Lords
of
Guyan
and
Aquitain
threw
off
their
Subjection
to
France
,
and
sent
secret
Messages
to
King
Henry
,
That
if
he
would
furnish
an
Army
to
Protect
them
,
they
would
re-deliver
those
Provinces
into
his
Possession
;
upon
which
,
the
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
was
sent
with
3000
Men
,
who
received
them
into
the
Kings
Protection
:
But
soon
after
,
being
fought
with
by
20000
French
,
he
was
Overthrown
and
Slain
,
with
almost
all
his
followers
;
and
thereupon
these
Provinces
were
utterly
Lost
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Queen
was
delivered
of
a
Son
,
whom
she
caused
to
be
Named
Edward
.
The
Duke
of
York
having
strengthened
his
Faction
,
made
grievous
Complaints
to
the
Lords
in
Parliament
against
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
,
so
that
in
the
Queen's
Chamber
he
was
Arrested
for
High
Treason
,
and
conveyed
to
the
Tower
.
But
the
Parliament
being
suddainly
Adjourned
,
and
the
King
by
many
protestations
faithfully
promising
,
that
at
some
other
time
he
should
Answer
those
Accusations
,
he
was
set
at
Liberty
,
and
made
Captain
of
the
Castle
and
Town
of
Callice
,
which
made
the
Duke
of
York
Leavy
another
Army
,
and
fought
with
the
King
at
St.
Albans
,
and
so
prevailed
,
that
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
,
the
Earls
of
Northumberland
and
Stafford
,
the
Lord
Clifford
,
and
about
8000
others
,
were
Slain
;
the
King
was
also
hurt
in
the
Neck
with
an
Arrow
,
and
taken
Prisoner
;
but
used
with
much
dissembled
Civility
,
and
brought
to
London
;
where
at
the
Duke
of
York's
entreaty
he
called
a
Parliament
,
and
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
was
made
Chancellour
,
The
Earl
of
Warwick
Captain
of
Callice
;
The
Duke
of
York
was
likewise
appointed
Protector
of
the
Kings
Person
,
and
of
the
Realm
;
but
the
Queen
being
perswaded
he
Aimed
at
the
Crown
,
they
were
soon
displaced
.
Whilst
these
Differences
continued
,
many
disorders
happened
;
The
Houses
of
Merchant-Strangers
were
Rifled
and
Robbed
in
London
,
and
the
French
greatly
Annoy'd
our
Merchants
on
the
Seas
,
which
compelled
the
Queen
(
who
was
Wise
,
Politick
,
and
of
a
Masculine
Spirit
)
to
use
a
Stratagem
,
which
was
to
get
the
King
to
retire
into
the
North
for
his
Pleasure
,
and
sent
Letters
to
the
Three
Lords
immediatly
to
come
and
Confer
with
him
,
who
delay'd
not
to
do
it
;
but
having
secret
notice
their
destruction
was
intended
,
they
timely
Fled
,
and
prevented
their
Ruin
.
Yet
the
King
advised
by
his
grave
Counsellours
,
laboured
for
an
Accommodation
of
matters
,
appointing
for
this
purpose
a
General
Meeting
of
all
his
Lords
at
London
,
who
came
strongly
Guarded
with
Friends
and
Servants
,
where
the
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
other
great
Clergymen
,
used
such
Perswasions
and
Arguments
,
That
the
King
,
Queen
,
and
all
the
Lords
,
were
pleased
in
friendly
and
in
kind
sort
to
consent
that
all
Jars
and
Discontents
should
be
laid
aside
;
and
by
Instruments
in
Writing
a
Reconciliation
was
outwardly
Confirmed
,
but
not
with
any
hearty
goodwill
on
either
side
;
yet
it
greatly
Rejoyced
the
People
,
who
thought
it
Real
.
After
this
,
the
King
rod
through
the
City
with
the
Crown
on
his
Head
,
the
Duke
of
York
conducted
the
Queen
,
and
the
Lords
of
either
Faction
rod
two
and
two
together
.
Not
long
after
this
,
one
of
the
Kings
Servants
was
Wounded
in
the
Court
by
a
Gentleman
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
who
escaping
,
the
rest
of
the
Kings
Servants
fell
upon
the
Earl
as
he
came
from
the
Council-Table
,
but
he
Escaped
by
Water
,
and
was
searched
after
in
London
in
order
to
be
sent
to
the
Tower
;
yet
he
was
not
there
but
fled
into
Yorkshire
,
complaining
to
his
Father
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
of
the
Injury
that
had
been
done
to
him
;
who
Advised
him
immediatly
to
repare
to
his
Government
of
Callice
and
then
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
raised
an
Army
,
and
Marched
towards
London
,
of
which
the
Queen
had
no
sooner
notice
,
but
she
sent
the
Lord
Audley
to
oppose
him
;
so
that
the
Battel
being
joyned
,
after
a
sharp
Fight
the
Lord
Audley
and
2200
of
his
Men
was
Slain
,
the
rest
flying
,
and
leaving
Salisbury
Master
of
the
Field
;
upon
this
success
,
the
Duke
of
York
conceiving
he
should
gain
what
he
aimed
at
,
raised
an
Army
on
the
Marches
of
Wales
,
and
Joyning
with
Salisbury
near
Ludlow
,
the
King's
Army
came
in
sight
of
them
;
but
the
Lords
fearing
they
were
Betrayed
by
one
Andrew
Trollop
and
John
Blunt
,
two
famous
Captains
,
trained
up
in
the
French
Wars
,
who
had
been
brought
over
by
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
because
after
they
had
shewed
them
advantageously
how
to
Attack
the
Kings
Army
,
they
had
on
scruple
of
Conscience
deserted
and
gone
over
to
him
;
raised
their
Camp
in
the
Night
,
and
secretly
Retiring
,
disbanded
their
Army
,
and
shifted
for
themselves
;
yet
several
of
their
Captains
being
Taken
,
were
Executed
,
but
the
common
Soldiers
Pardoned
,
and
the
flying
Lords
Proclaimed
Arch
Traytors
to
the
King
and
Kingdom
;
their
Goods
,
Offices
,
and
Lands
Sequestered
to
the
Kings
Use
,
&c.
And
the
King
made
Henry
,
Son
to
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
,
Slain
in
the
Battel
of
St.
Albans
,
Captain
of
Callice
;
and
now
the
King
on
good
Advice
Assembled
a
Parliament
,
in
which
the
Lords
of
the
Yorkist's
Faction
were
Attainted
of
High
Treason
;
and
to
prevent
the
Returning
of
such
as
were
Fled
beyond
the
Seas
,
the
Ports
were
Fortified
,
and
strictly
Guarded
;
yet
they
returned
,
took
Sandwich
,
and
in
a
short
time
raised
an
Army
of
25000
Men
;
with
which
they
Marched
towards
London
;
to
secure
which
,
the
Lord
Scales
was
sent
by
the
King
;
but
the
Lord
Mayor
refused
him
admittance
,
saying
,
He
was
able
to
defend
the
City
,
and
would
do
it
,
seeing
the
King
had
committed
it
to
his
charge
;
so
that
after
many
Countermarches
,
the
Army
the
King
had
raised
,
and
that
of
the
Lords
,
met
near
Northampton
,
where
the
King
was
Overthrown
and
taken
Prisoner
,
2000
of
his
Men
were
Slain
,
and
of
Note
Humphery
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
John
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
,
Thomas
Lord
Egremont
,
and
John
Viscount
Beamont
;
whereupon
the
Queen
,
with
the
Young
Prince
and
Duke
of
Sommerset
,
fled
into
Scotland
,
and
were
kindly
received
;
the
King
was
conveyed
to
the
Tower
,
and
the
Lord
Seales
attempting
to
pass
the
River
in
disguise
,
was
discovered
by
the
Wherryman
,
who
cut
off
his
Head
and
left
his
Body
on
the
Sands
;
and
Thomas
Thorp
,
the
Second
Baron
of
the
Exchequer
,
shaving
his
Crown
,
and
putting
himself
in
the
Habit
of
a
Monk
,
was
taken
flying
to
the
Queen
,
and
being
brought
to
the
Earl
of
Warwick
he
committed
him
to
the
Tower
,
where
he
remained
a
long
time
after
.
The
Duke
of
York
informed
of
this
Victory
,
hasted
from
Ireland
,
and
procured
a
Parliament
to
be
Assembled
in
the
Kings
Name
at
London
,
where
placing
himself
in
the
Throne
,
he
declared
his
Right
to
the
Crown
,
viz.
That
he
was
Son
and
Heir
of
Ann
,
Daughter
to
Roger
Mortimer
Earl
of
March
,
who
was
Son
and
Heir
to
Philippa
,
sole
Daughter
and
Heiress
to
Lionel
Duke
of
Clarence
,
Elder
Brother
to
John
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
Great
Grandfather
to
the
present
Henry
the
Sixth
;
and
then
proceeded
to
lay
before
them
the
Mischiefs
and
Losses
that
had
befallen
the
Kingdom
by
misplacing
the
Succession
,
by
reason
God
was
Angry
with
them
for
so
doing
;
and
to
prevent
many
more
he
desired
it
might
be
restored
in
the
Direct
Line
.
When
the
Lords
and
Commons
had
deliberated
upon
this
weighty
Affair
,
the
contrary
Party
(
more
out
of
fear
than
conscience
,
goodwill
,
or
affection
)
agreed
with
the
Duke's
Faction
;
and
it
was
Enacted
,
That
King
Henry
during
his
Natural
Life
should
retain
the
Name
and
Honour
of
a
King
;
and
that
the
Duke
of
York
should
be
Proclaimed
Heir
apparent
to
the
Crown
,
and
be
Protector
of
the
Kings
Person
and
of
the
Realm
,
and
should
have
the
present
possession
of
the
Crown
delivered
to
him
,
if
at
any
time
King
Henry
,
his
Friends
,
Allies
,
or
Favorites
,
on
his
behalf
attempted
to
infringe
this
Act
,
which
was
Agreed
to
and
Confirmed
by
their
Oaths
.
The
Duke
of
York
by
this
means
being
got
near
to
what
he
aimed
at
,
required
the
Queen
,
the
Dukes
of
Sommerset
and
Exeter
,
the
Earl
of
Devonshire
,
the
Lords
Clifford
,
Ross
,
and
others
,
immediatly
to
repair
from
the
North
,
whither
they
were
fled
,
and
confer
with
the
King
;
but
instead
of
so
doing
,
being
much
displeased
with
the
Proceedings
of
the
Parliament
,
they
Levied
an
Army
and
with
it
advanced
towards
London
:
The
Duke
of
York
had
soon
notice
of
it
,
and
Marched
with
all
speed
to
oppose
them
,
leaving
the
King
in
the
custody
of
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
and
Earl
of
Warwick
;
and
the
two
Armies
met
near
Wakefield
:
Where
the
Duke
being
too
weak
,
was
perswaded
to
stay
for
the
arrival
of
Edward
Earl
of
March
,
his
Son
,
who
was
advancing
from
the
borders
of
Wales
with
an
Army
to
Joyn
him
;
but
being
carried
headlong
by
his
forward
Destiny
,
which
designed
him
not
to
be
a
King
,
though
he
wanted
but
one
step
to
the
Throne
,
he
forthwith
gave
the
onset
;
but
within
an
Hours
space
,
almost
three
Thousand
of
his
Companions
were
Slain
,
together
with
himself
,
and
his
Youngest
Son
the
Earl
of
Rutland
,
not
exceeding
12
Years
,
who
kneeling
on
his
Knees
desired
Mercy
,
but
was
cruelly
Stabbed
to
the
Heart
by
the
Lord
Clifford
;
who
horribly
Swore
,
By
that
Act
he
would
be
Revenged
for
his
Fathers
Death
:
So
that
upon
this
the
rest
of
the
Army
Fled
:
The
Duke
of
York's
Head
being
cut
off
by
those
that
found
him
dead
in
the
Field
,
was
presented
to
the
Queen
,
who
caused
a
Paper
Crown
to
be
set
on
it
in
derision
,
and
placed
it
on
the
Walls
of
the
City
of
York
,
Beheading
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
and
others
of
his
Favorites
,
who
were
taken
Prisoners
,
and
placing
their
Heads
with
his
to
bear
him
company
.
The
Queen
supposing
now
her
fears
were
over
by
the
slaughter
of
her
Capital
Enemies
,
Advanced
towards
London
,
overthrowing
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
and
such
Forces
as
he
had
gathered
to
oppose
her
,
by
which
means
King
Henry
was
set
at
Liberty
,
and
Joyfully
received
by
her
:
But
then
News
came
that
the
Earl
of
March
,
who
hearing
of
his
Fathers
death
,
had
taken
on
him
the
Title
of
Duke
of
York
,
had
Overthrown
the
Earls
of
Pembrook
,
Ormond
,
and
Wiltshire
,
Beheaded
Owen
Tuther
,
the
King's
Father-in-Law
,
who
had
Married
his
Mother
the
Queen
Dowager
,
and
divers
others
,
whose
Heads
he
placed
in
the
Room
of
his
Fathers
,
and
other
Heads
of
his
Friends
,
which
the
Queen
had
caused
to
be
set
on
the
Walls
of
York
.
This
suddain
Turn
of
Fortune
made
the
Queen
draw
out
her
Army
and
hasten
towards
him
,
having
raised
an
Army
of
60000
Men
,
and
near
a
Town
called
Towton
,
the
New
Duke
of
York
and
Earl
of
Warwick
met
her
with
near
50000
;
so
that
a
cruel
and
bloody
Battel
ensued
,
wherein
on
both
sides
about
36000
were
slain
,
among
whom
were
the
Earls
of
Northumberland
,
Westmorland
,
the
Lords
Dacres
,
Wells
,
Clifford
,
&c.
The
Dukes
of
Sommerset
and
Exeter
saved
themselves
by
flight
,
but
the
Earl
of
Devonshire
with
sundry
others
of
Note
were
made
Prisoners
.
Upon
this
great
Overthrow
(
for
it
fell
on
the
Kings-side
,
who
was
always
Unfortunate
in
the
Field
)
he
with
the
Queen
and
Prince
fled
into
Scotland
,
where
they
were
favourably
received
,
and
in
lieu
of
their
kind
Entertainment
delivered
Berwick
to
the
Scots
,
which
they
much
desired
,
and
attempted
often
times
to
gain
,
tho'
beaten
off
with
great
loss
;
so
that
the
Duke
of
York
being
every
where
Received
as
King
,
may
be
said
here
to
put
an
end
to
Henry's
Reign
(
tho'
he
Lived
much
longer
)
when
he
had
Reigned
38
Years
,
6
Months
,
and
3
Days
,
and
was
after
Stabbed
in
the
Tower
by
Richard
Duke
of
Glocester
,
King
Edward
the
Fourths
Brother
,
Anno
1471
in
the
49th
Year
of
his
Age
as
will
appear
more
largely
in
the
Reign
of
that
King
:
His
Body
was
first
Buried
in
the
Abby
of
Chertsey
in
Surry
,
then
by
King
Henry
the
Seventh
at
Winchester
,
after
removed
none
can
tell
where
,
as
not
being
found
in
History
.
In
this
Kings
Reign
from
the
beginning
of
April
to
Allhallontide
,
fell
such
abundance
of
Rain
that
the
Corn
and
Hay
Harvest
were
utterly
spoiled
,
which
occasioned
a
dearth
among
Men
and
Cattle
.
Anno
1435
the
Thames
was
so
Frozen
,
that
no
homeward-bound
Ships
could
enter
it
,
and
Games
and
Pastimes
were
Exercised
on
the
Ice
.
Anno
1438
all
the
Lions
in
the
Tower
of
London
dyed
;
and
in
the
23d
Year
of
the
King
,
on
Candlemas
Eve
,
terrible
Thunders
and
Lightnings
happened
,
by
which
the
Church
of
Baldock
in
Hartfordshire
,
and
that
of
Walden
in
Essex
were
greatly
shattered
,
and
St.
Paul's
Steeple
in
London
set
on
Fire
.
WARWICK
SHIRE
map of Warwickshire
Anno
Dom.
1459
,
the
Useful
and
Noble
Science
of
Printing
was
found
out
by
a
Soldier
,
at
Magunce
in
Germany
,
and
brought
into
England
about
12
Years
after
,
by
William
Caxton
a
Mercer
.
Remarks
on
Warwickshire
,
&c.
WArwickshire
is
an
Inland
County
,
very
pleasantly
situate
,
well
Wooded
,
and
incumbered
but
with
few
Hills
:
It
is
Bounded
with
Staffordshire
,
Leicestershire
,
Northamptonshire
,
Oxfordshire
,
and
Gloucestershire
:
It
abounds
with
Cattle
,
Corn
,
Wooll
,
Cheese
,
Butter
,
pleasant
Pastures
,
Fish
and
Fowl
.
It
contains
5
Hundreds
,
in
which
are
158
Parishes
,
14
Market
Towns
,
4
Castles
,
10
Rivers
,
10
Bridges
,
13
Parks
,
and
2
Forrests
:
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
6
,
viz.
Coventry
City
2
,
Warwick
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
Warwick
,
the
Shire
Town
,
is
of
very
Antient
foundation
;
held
to
be
builded
by
Gurguntus
a
British
King
,
375
Years
before
the
Birth
of
our
Saviour
;
the
Castle
yet
retaining
very
many
marks
of
great
Antiquity
,
and
Memorable
for
the
Residence
of
the
Renowned
Guy
Earl
of
Warwick
,
where
is
kept
a
Vessel
called
his
Pot
,
and
usually
filled
with
good
Liquor
to
be
Drunk
by
all
comers
,
on
memorable
Days
.
It
is
commodiously
situate
on
the
River
Avon
.
Coventry
joyntly
with
Litchfield
make
a
Bishoprick
;
on
one
of
its
Gates
,
called
Gifford-Gate
,
is
the
Bone
of
a
Monstrous
Beast
fastned
,
said
to
be
that
of
the
huge
Boar
Guy
slew
,
who
with
his
Snout
turned
up
a
deep
place
now
called
Swanes
Mear
.
At
Wolney
,
Anno
1469
,
King
Edward
the
Fourth
was
taken
Prisoner
by
the
great
Earl
of
Warwick
,
and
his
Forces
scattered
.
At
Backlow
Hill
,
Pierce
Gaviston
was
taken
and
Beheaded
.
The
other
Places
of
Note
are
Henly
,
Southam
,
Sutton
,
Atherstone
,
Kyneton
,
Rougby
,
Aulchester
,
Bitford
.
The
River
Tame
abounds
with
Fish
and
finely
branches
the
Northern
part
of
the
County
,
as
Avon
does
most
of
the
rest
,
over
which
leading
to
Warwick
is
a
sightly
and
strong
Bridge
.
At
Lemington
a
Salt
Spring
arises
a
great
distance
from
the
Sea
.
At
Newenham
or
Menhem
Reges
is
a
Petrifying
Well
.
Snale
Stones
,
Star
Stones
,
and
Cockel
Stones
,
are
found
near
Shugbury
.
The
Noblemens
Seats
are
Milcot-House
,
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Dorset
;
Compton-Place
,
to
the
Earl
of
Northampton
;
Newnham
Padox
,
to
the
Earl
of
Denby
;
Wormleighton
,
to
the
Earl
of
Sunderland
;
Comb
,
to
the
Earl
of
Craven
;
Ragley
and
Luddington
,
to
the
Earl
of
Conway
;
Hewel
Grange
,
to
the
Earl
of
Plymouth
;
Ettington
,
to
the
Lord
Ferrers
;
Warwick
Castle
,
Knowel
,
and
Beuchamps
Court
,
to
the
Lord
Brook
;
Fletchamstead
and
Stonely
,
to
the
Lord
Leigh
;
Wotenwaven
and
Aln-Lodg
,
to
the
Lord
Carrington
;
besides
many
pleasant
Seats
of
the
Gentry
,
sightful
to
Travellers
.
The
Reign
of
King
EDWARD
the
Fourth
.
EDWARD
Duke
of
York
having
prevailed
over
the
Lancastrians
,
and
put
to
death
many
of
his
great
Enemies
,
Marched
Triumphantly
to
London
,
where
he
was
by
the
Citizens
joyfully
received
,
and
Proclaimed
King
on
the
4th
of
March
Anno
1461
,
and
the
19th
of
June
following
he
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
;
but
his
carriage
towards
the
Citizens
afterward
made
them
repent
their
forwardness
to
take
part
with
him
against
King
Henry
,
who
had
always
loved
them
,
and
been
their
constant
Friend
.
Soon
after
his
Coronation
,
he
called
a
Parliament
,
and
laboured
therein
to
settle
the
Affaires
of
the
Kingdom
which
were
much
disordered
by
the
Civil
War
.
And
all
former
Statutes
made
in
the
Reign
of
Henry
,
which
Attainted
him
and
his
Adherents
of
High
Treason
,
were
Cancelled
and
made
void
.
The
Earl
of
Oxford
,
and
Sir
Awbrey
Vere
his
Son
,
were
in
this
Parliament
Attainted
of
sundry
Treasons
,
and
lost
their
Heads
;
and
to
strengthen
his
Interest
,
he
conferred
Titles
of
Honour
on
a
great
many
of
his
Friends
.
Whereupon
seeing
little
hopes
left
of
King
Henry's
Recovering
his
Crown
,
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
,
Sir
Ralph
Piercey
,
and
others
,
submitted
themselves
to
Edward's
Mercy
,
and
were
received
into
favour
;
but
upon
notice
the
Queen
was
arrived
from
France
in
the
North
,
and
by
the
Aid
of
the
Scots
had
raised
a
considerable
Army
,
they
secretly
fled
to
her
.
Edward
had
soon
notice
of
these
Proceedings
,
and
sent
the
Lord
Montacute
before
him
with
a
considerable
Force
,
himself
followed
with
the
rest
of
the
Army
;
and
this
Lord
with
such
resolution
and
bravery
set
upon
the
Lords
Hungerford
and
Ross
,
that
at
the
begining
of
the
Fight
they
Cowardly
fled
away
;
but
Sir
Ralph
Piercey
,
and
other
stout
Commanders
,
who
preferred
an
honourable
death
before
a
shameful
desertion
of
their
Men
,
fought
it
out
bravely
till
they
lost
their
Lives
in
the
Field
,
and
left
the
Victory
to
their
Adversary
.
The
Lord
Montacute
flushed
with
this
success
,
and
thursting
after
fame
,
without
staying
for
the
King
,
set
upon
Queen
Margaret's
Army
,
and
after
a
bloody
Fight
put
her
to
the
Rout
;
and
Henry
Duke
of
Summerset
,
William
Tallboies
(
who
stiled
himself
Earl
of
Kent
)
the
Lords
Ross
,
Mollines
and
Hungerford
,
Sir
Henry
Nevel
,
Sir
Thomas
Wentworth
,
and
Sir
Richard
Tunstal
,
being
Taken
,
were
in
several
places
Beheaded
,
and
27
others
were
shortly
after
Executed
in
divers
manners
.
But
after
this
Overthrow
,
Henry
Escaped
to
Scotland
with
his
half-Brother
Jasper
Earl
of
Pembrook
,
Sir
Ralph
Grey
,
and
others
,
and
hereupon
all
the
Castles
in
the
North
fell
into
King
Edward's
hands
.
For
this
Service
done
by
the
Lord
Montacute
,
the
King
would
have
given
him
the
Earldom
of
Northumberland
;
but
upon
that
Earls
submitting
,
though
he
had
fought
against
him
,
he
restored
him
to
his
Lands
and
Honours
,
giving
Montacute
in
lieu
of
his
Resignation
,
the
Title
of
a
Marquess
;
and
to
encourage
his
Soldiers
,
and
such
as
had
deserved
well
,
he
bestowed
on
them
great
Bounties
out
of
the
confiscated
Estates
of
his
Enemies
,
causing
many
advantagious
Laws
to
be
Enacted
,
the
better
to
settle
him
on
the
Throne
,
by
gaining
the
affection
of
the
People
.
Soon
after
this
,
King
Henry
returning
disguised
into
England
,
was
discovered
,
taken
Prisoner
,
and
sent
to
Edward
,
who
committed
him
to
close
ward
in
the
Tower
.
King
Edward
now
thinking
himself
firmly
fixed
in
the
Throne
,
by
the
advice
of
the
Estates
,
after
the
proposals
of
several
Matches
,
concluded
to
send
his
great
Friend
Richard
Nevill
,
Earl
of
Warwick
,
to
require
the
Lady
Bona
,
Daughter
to
Lewis
Duke
of
Savoy
,
and
Sister
to
Charete
Queen
to
Lewis
the
Eleventh
King
of
France
,
in
Marriage
;
the
Earl
was
sent
over
with
a
very
splended
Equipage
,
and
with
many
Rich
presents
to
the
Lady
;
and
was
so
prosperous
in
his
Negotiation
,
that
all
things
he
had
in
Commission
were
soon
agreed
to
,
the
Portion
assigned
,
and
the
Instruments
for
settling
her
Dowry
ratified
;
but
this
wrought
much
mischief
to
King
Edward
:
For
going
to
Recreate
himself
at
his
Mannor
of
Grafton
,
he
there
cast
his
Eyes
on
the
Beautiful
Elizabeth
,
Widow
to
Sir
John
Grey
,
slain
in
King
Henry's
cause
at
the
Battel
of
St.
Albans
;
and
by
no
perswasions
being
able
to
gain
her
for
his
Concubine
,
though
he
had
freely
granted
her
her
Husbands
Estate
,
which
she
Petitioned
to
him
for
,
so
enflamed
was
he
with
the
desire
of
Enjoying
her
,
(
and
she
plainly
telling
him
,
As
she
thought
her self
of
too
mean
a
condition
to
be
his
Wife
;
so
she
thought
her self
much
above
his
demands
of
being
his
Concubine
;
and
tho'
her
Life
might
be
at
his
dispose
,
her
Chastity
was
not
to
be
violated
but
with
that
Cumpulsion
that
would
pull
down
vengance
on
his
Head
)
that
laying
aside
the
thoughts
of
any
other
,
he
Married
her
;
promoting
all
her
Kindred
to
Dignities
and
Honours
,
creating
the
Lord
Rivers
her
Father
Earl
Rivers
,
and
High
Constable
of
England
;
her
Son
Sir
Thomas
Grey
,
Marquess
of
Dorset
,
and
preferred
him
and
others
to
Rich
Heiresses
of
Noblemen
,
and
did
many
other
things
for
them
,
that
displeased
his
nearest
Friends
:
For
no
sooner
the
Duke
of
Clarence
his
Brother
heard
of
the
Earl
of
Warwick's
being
greatly
displeased
at
the
Kings
having
put
that
affront
on
him
,
but
they
met
and
consulted
which
way
to
constrain
the
King
to
lay
aside
these
new
Favourites
;
and
so
great
was
the
Earl
of
Warwick's
Anger
for
the
disgrace
the
King
had
made
him
incur
in
Foreign
Courts
,
by
this
Marriage
,
which
utterly
disannulled
that
which
he
had
treated
about
,
that
he
cast
nothing
in
his
mind
more
,
than
how
he
might
Depose
him
,
and
Restore
King
Henry
;
and
several
Consults
with
the
Marquess
Montacute
his
Brother
,
and
others
,
were
held
,
to
further
his
purpose
.
The
King
(
who
feared
Warwick's
Greatness
and
Popularity
)
was
not
altogether
ignorant
of
his
discontents
,
tho'
he
outwardly
dissembled
it
as
well
as
he
could
;
and
therefore
the
better
to
weather
the
Storm
he
saw
coming
,
tho'
as
yet
at
a
distance
,
he
concluded
a
Truce
for
Fifteen
Years
with
the
King
of
Scots
,
to
weaken
the
Earl
on
that
side
;
and
to
Henry
King
of
Castile
and
John
King
of
Arragon
he
sent
(
as
a
Present
to
make
Friends
with
them
)
about
a
Hundred
Cotshall-Sheep
,
a
thing
they
never
before
,
nor
any
of
their
Predecessors
,
upon
any
Intreaty
,
or
for
large
sums
offered
,
could
obtain
from
the
Kings
of
England
;
from
which
small
Number
such
Multitudes
have
since
Encreased
,
as
in
the
Woollen-Trade
has
turned
greatly
to
our
damage
.
And
that
he
might
be
the
better
able
to
deal
with
Lewis
the
French
King
,
if
War
by
him
should
be
Proclaimed
,
or
he
should
underhand
assist
the
Earl
of
Warwick
in
any
attempt
,
he
made
a
League
with
Charles
the
Hardy
,
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
gave
him
his
Sister
Margaret
in
Marriage
,
and
two
other
Sisters
,
to
the
Dukes
of
Exeter
and
Suffolk
.
But
for
all
this
,
Warwick's
design
was
closely
carried
on
,
and
it
was
Agreed
among
them
,
That
he
and
the
Duke
of
Clarence
should
go
to
Callice
;
and
there
to
strengthen
the
Alliance
,
the
Duke
should
Marry
Isabella
the
Earls
Daughter
;
and
in
their
Absence
,
as
if
without
their
knowledge
or
consent
,
the
Marquess
Montacute
and
Arch
Bishop
of
York
Brothers
to
Warwick
,
should
with
the
help
of
their
Friends
raise
a
Rebellion
in
Yorkshire
;
which
they
did
,
by
inciting
the
Rusticks
not
to
pay
Tribute
of
Corn
to
the
Hospital
of
St.
Leonard
in
the
City
of
York
,
which
upon
refusal
being
exacted
by
the
Collectors
,
commotions
arose
,
and
at
length
about
15000
came
before
the
City
with
an
intention
to
Plunder
and
Demolish
that
Hospital
,
&c.
but
by
a
Sally
of
the
Citizens
,
they
were
beaten
off
,
and
so
Marched
away
towards
Northampton
,
Headed
by
Sir
John
Conyers
an
Experienced
Soldier
,
but
were
met
by
William
Earl
of
Pembrook
,
and
Humphry
Lord
Stafford
,
who
by
the
Kings
Command
had
raised
Forces
in
Wales
,
and
after
they
had
overthrown
2000
Archers
that
the
Lords
had
laid
in
Ambush
to
fall
on
their
Rear
,
upon
a
dissention
arising
between
Pembrook
and
Stafford
,
the
latter
withdrew
his
Forces
,
so
that
the
former
with
much
courage
,
tho'
few
in
Number
,
giving
the
Rusticks
Battel
in
Banbury
Field
,
having
near
gained
the
Victory
,
the
Scale
of
success
was
suddainly
turned
in
a
surprising
manner
,
viz.
One
John
Clapham
,
a
Servant
to
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
having
got
his
Masters
Standard
,
in
which
was
Portraied
the
White
Bear
,
coming
in
with
a
small
Troop
,
and
crying
A
Warwick
,
a
Warwick
;
so
daunted
the
Kings
Men
(
who
thought
the
Earl
had
been
there
with
a
fresh
supply
)
that
they
threw
down
their
Arms
and
fled
;
and
being
hotly
Pursued
,
more
than
5000
were
slain
:
Sir
Richard
Herbert
,
and
Eight
others
of
Note
,
being
taken
Prisoners
,
were
Beheaded
at
Banbury
by
the
Rusticks
.
Upon
this
Success
,
their
Army
greatly
encreased
,
and
a
separate
Party
making
one
Robin
of
Risdale
their
Captain
,
Plundered
the
Kings
Mannor-House
at
Grafton
,
and
finding
there
the
Earl
of
Rivers
,
Father
to
the
Queen
,
and
his
Son
John
,
they
carried
them
to
Northampton
and
Beheaded
them
;
and
some
of
the
Kings
Forces
having
Taken
the
Lord
Stafford
,
he
lost
his
Head
at
Bridgwater
for
Deserting
the
Earl
of
Pembrook
at
Banbury
Field
.
The
Duke
of
Clarence
and
Earl
of
Warwick
taking
the
advantage
of
these
Troubles
,
Landed
;
and
with
considerable
Forces
put
themselves
at
the
head
of
the
Rusticks
;
so
that
by
this
addition
,
and
Warwick's
Great
Name
in
War
,
they
became
so
formidable
to
the
King
,
that
(
at
the
earnest
request
of
some
Nobles
,
who
fear'd
the
desolation
of
their
Country
by
such
a
cruel
War
as
was
threatened
)
he
consented
to
a
Treaty
;
during
which
,
the
King
being
more
careless
than
he
ought
to
have
been
of
his
Person
,
the
Earl
of
Warwick
with
a
strong
Band
entered
his
Camp
by
Night
,
and
having
killed
the
Watch
,
carried
him
Prisoner
from
his
Tent
to
the
Castle
of
Middleham
in
Yorkshire
;
Committing
him
to
the
ward
of
the
Arch
Bishop
;
but
soon
after
,
having
liberty
to
go
a
Hunting
,
he
was
Rescued
by
Sir
William
Standley
and
Sir
Thomas
Burgh
,
who
upon
private
notice
lay
in
Ambush
behind
the
Wood
with
a
Troop
of
Horse
,
and
immediatly
Posted
to
London
.
This
inwardly
vexed
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
who
thought
to
draw
great
Advantages
from
his
Imprisonment
:
However
the
Truce
continued
,
and
a
meeting
of
both
sides
was
appointed
in
the
great
Hall
at
Westminster
,
where
nevertheless
the
objections
of
good
Deserts
and
unthankful
Requitals
,
were
with
such
vehement
expressions
repeated
and
maintained
by
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
that
the
King
being
highly
displeased
,
with
Threats
and
Fury
they
parted
from
each
other
:
The
King
taking
his
way
to
Canterbury
,
and
the
Confederate
Lords
into
Lincolnshire
;
where
they
raised
an
Army
,
and
placed
Sir
Robert
Wells
,
Son
to
the
Lord
Wells
,
in
chief
Command
over
it
,
as
being
very
expert
in
Millitary
Affairs
.
King
Edward
had
no
sooner
notice
of
this
,
but
he
sent
for
the
Lord
Wells
and
Sir
Thomas
Dymock
his
Brother-in-Law
,
commanding
them
to
use
their
endeavours
to
bring
over
Sir
Robert
to
his
Interest
;
but
though
they
very
much
laboured
to
do
it
,
it
proved
without
effect
;
which
so
angered
the
King
,
that
contrary
to
his
sollemn
promise
,
he
caused
the
Heads
of
the
Lord
Wells
and
Sir
Thomas
Dymock
to
be
stricken
off
;
which
gained
him
much
displeasure
of
the
Nobles
and
Commons
,
and
hastned
Sir
Robert
Wells
to
give
him
Battel
ere
the
Confederate
Lords
(
who
wanted
but
a
days
March
)
came
up
,
with
the
Lincolnshire-Men
he
commanded
;
so
that
the
King
oppressing
him
with
his
Number
,
though
he
fought
Valiantly
to
revenge
his
Fathers
and
Unkles
Death
,
his
Soldiers
at
last
tired
out
for
want
of
fresh
supplies
,
gave
way
,
and
soon
after
fell
into
a
general
Rout
,
throwing
away
their
Coats
to
run
the
nimbler
;
for
which
reason
it
is
to
this
day
called
the
Battel
of
Loose
Coat
Field
;
and
in
it
were
slain
about
10000
;
Sir
Robert
and
some
other
of
Note
being
taken
Prisoners
,
lost
their
Heads
.
The
Earl
of
Warwick
,
Duke
of
Clarence
,
and
other
Lords
,
hearing
of
this
fatal
Overthrow
,
distrusting
the
fidelity
of
the
Army
they
Commanded
,
left
it
secretly
by
Night
,
and
with
a
small
Train
took
Shipping
at
Dartmouth
,
and
Sailed
till
they
came
before
Callice
;
but
was
denied
Enterance
by
Monsieur
Vaucler
,
whom
the
Earl
had
left
as
his
Deputy
there
;
for
which
he
was
made
Captain
of
the
place
by
King
Edward
,
and
had
a
Thousand
Pounds
a
Year
Pension
from
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
.
And
here
on
Shipboard
the
Dutchess
of
Clarence
was
brought
to
bed
of
a
Son
,
to
whom
Vauclear
would
not
send
any
Necessaries
,
nor
suffer
the
Child
to
be
brought
on
Shore
to
be
Christened
;
yet
Sayling
hence
to
Diep
,
they
took
by
the
way
a
Rich
Prize
belonging
to
Burgundy
,
and
Landing
were
met
by
the
French
King
at
the
Castle
of
Amboys
on
the
River
Loyer
,
and
highly
welcomed
,
with
promises
of
Assistance
;
and
being
conducted
to
the
French
Court
,
they
found
there
Queen
Margaret
,
Prince
Edward
her
Son
,
and
Jasper
sometimes
Earl
of
Pembrook
,
who
had
escaped
a
little
before
out
of
the
Tower
of
London
,
with
others
;
where
they
entered
into
new
Conferences
in
order
to
Depose
King
Edward
and
Restore
King
Henry
;
and
the
Earl
of
Warwick
to
make
his
own
Party
the
Stronger
,
gave
his
Second
Daughter
in
Marriage
to
Prince
Edward
,
and
soon
after
the
French
King
furnishing
them
with
Shipping
,
Men
,
and
such
Necessaries
as
they
required
,
leaving
Queen
Margaret
and
the
Prince
her
Son
at
the
French
Court
,
to
attend
their
success
;
they
put
to
Sea
,
and
Landed
at
Dartmouth
in
Devonshire
;
where
the
Earl
Marshalled
his
Forces
,
then
few
in
Number
,
but
quickly
encreased
by
the
Peoples
flowing
to
his
Standard
from
all
sides
,
upon
his
putting
out
a
Proclamation
in
King
Henry's
Name
,
requiring
them
to
repair
to
his
Aid
with
Money
,
Victuals
,
and
all
things
Necessary
for
the
War
,
and
valiantly
to
fight
against
the
Duke
of
York
,
whom
he
stiled
a
Usurper
,
and
bloody
Tyrant
,
untruly
and
falsly
calling
himself
King
.
Having
by
this
time
mustered
a
powerful
Army
,
he
Marched
it
towards
London
:
The
King
was
not
idle
at
this
Juncture
,
but
with
what
Army
he
could
gather
on
the
suddain
,
Marched
to
give
the
Earl
Battel
;
yet
on
the
way
hearing
that
in
all
the
places
where
his
Enemies
came
,
the
People
applauded
them
,
and
no
cry
was
heard
but
King
Henry
and
a
Warwick
,
and
having
little
confidence
in
his
own
Soldiers
,
by
the
wavering
he
found
in
them
;
notwithstanding
his
wonted
courage
,
his
Heart
now
failed
him
:
Whereupon
in
the
Night
taking
with
him
about
800
of
his
Friends
he
could
rely
on
,
he
left
the
Army
,
and
posted
into
Lincolnshire
;
but
finding
nothing
there
in
a
readiness
to
advantage
him
,
he
took
Shipping
and
Sayled
for
Holland
,
and
so
passed
to
Burgundy
,
where
he
was
kindly
received
by
the
Duke
his
Brother-in-Law
.
Upon
this
the
Earl
of
Warwick
came
to
London
,
and
King
Henry
was
taken
out
of
the
Tower
,
and
carried
in
Triumph
to
St.
Paul's
Church
,
where
having
paid
his
Devotions
,
and
made
his
Offerings
,
he
was
convey'd
to
the
Bishop
of
London's
Palace
,
where
he
kept
his
Court
,
with
much
Bounty
and
Magnificence
;
and
a
Parliament
being
assembled
at
Westminster
,
in
his
Name
,
in
it
Edward
and
all
his
principal
Adherents
,
were
Attainted
of
High
Treason
,
their
Goods
and
Possessions
Confiscated
to
King
Henry
;
and
by
the
same
Authority
the
Duke
of
Clarence
was
declared
to
be
the
next
Heir
to
Richard
Duke
of
York
,
tho'
his
Second
Son
,
and
the
Dutchy
of
York
was
setled
on
him
and
his
Heirs
:
Also
the
Crown
entailed
to
King
Henry
and
the
Heirs
Male
of
his
Body
;
and
for
want
of
such
Issue
,
to
the
Duke
of
Clarence
and
his
Heirs
Male
;
and
such
as
had
been
dispossessed
for
Henry's
Cause
,
were
restored
to
their
Titles
and
Estates
:
Clarence
and
Warwick
were
stiled
the
Kings
best
Friends
,
Patriots
of
their
Country
,
and
made
chief
Rulers
in
all
things
under
Henry
.
Upon
notice
of
this
great
Revolution
,
Queen
Margaret
and
her
Son
came
over
;
but
long
they
had
not
been
here
,
ere
Edward
furnished
by
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
with
Ships
,
Men
,
and
Warlike
Stores
,
Landed
at
Ravenspurg
in
Yorkshire
;
declaring
he
came
not
now
for
the
Kingdom
,
but
to
possess
himself
of
the
Dutchy
of
York
,
his
Rightful
Inheritance
,
on
which
he
intended
as
a
Subject
to
live
Peaceably
;
which
drew
many
to
favour
his
Cause
;
but
having
got
admittance
into
that
City
,
he
soon
discovered
other
Intentions
:
For
tho'
a
little
before
he
had
Sworn
the
contrary
to
the
Citizens
,
●he
Garisoned
it
with
his
own
Soldiers
,
and
exacted
Money
of
them
to
raise
more
Forces
,
and
so
Marching
towards
London
,
the
Marquess
Montacute
,
who
was
sent
to
oppose
him
,
let
him
pass
;
whereupon
he
caused
himself
to
be
Proclaimed
King
,
setting
up
the
Royal
Standard
:
This
obliged
the
Earls
of
Warwick
,
Oxford
,
and
divers
other
Nobles
,
to
raise
an
Army
,
and
advance
to
give
him
Battel
,
but
the
Duke
of
Clarence
Marching
another
way
,
with
a
separate
Army
,
being
reconciled
to
his
Brother
Edward
,
and
joyning
his
Army
with
him
,
the
Earl
thought
fit
at
that
time
to
take
other
measures
,
not
harkening
to
any
fair
Words
or
large
Promises
,
to
draw
him
from
King
Henry's
side
,
but
bitterly
inveighed
against
the
Duke
of
Clarence
,
saying
,
He
had
always
rather
be
an
Earl
firm
to
his
Word
and
Oath
,
than
a
Perjured
Duke
,
tho'
in
hopes
of
a
Kingdom
.
Edward
being
now
very
much
strengthened
,
Marched
to
London
,
whilst
Warwick
was
raising
more
Forces
;
and
being
with
some
difficulty
received
by
the
Citizens
,
he
sent
King
Henry
again
to
the
Tower
;
yet
having
continual
News
of
Warwick's
approach
,
he
drew
out
his
Forces
,
and
Encamped
near
Barnet
,
about
Ten
Miles
from
London
,
having
King
Henry
as
a
pledg
with
him
,
fearing
if
he
had
left
him
in
the
Tower
,
the
Londoners
in
his
Absence
would
have
set
him
at
Liberty
;
and
the
next
Morning
the
Earl
of
Warwick
resolving
to
throw
all
on
the
fortune
of
a
Battel
,
drew
up
in
Battel
Array
,
viz.
The
Right
Wing
he
gave
to
the
Marquess
his
Brother
,
and
the
Earl
of
Oxford
;
the
Main
Battel
to
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
and
others
;
the
Left
Wing
was
Commanded
by
himself
and
the
Duke
of
Exeter
;
the
Vant-Guard
of
King
Edward's
Army
was
commanded
by
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
the
Main
Battel
by
himself
and
the
Duke
of
Clarence
,
in
which
was
King
Henry
the
6th
;
the
Rear-Guard
by
the
Lord
Hastings
;
and
after
they
had
confronted
each
other
a
little
space
,
and
both
Generals
made
moving
Orations
to
animate
their
Soldiers
,
the
Trumpets
sounded
the
Charge
,
and
they
rushed
together
with
great
fury
,
fighting
five
or
six
Hours
so
desperately
,
that
Victory
seemed
to
encline
to
no
side
,
whilst
the
City
of
London
was
greatly
amazed
and
terrified
with
various
Reports
of
the
different
success
:
But
at
length
the
Earl
perceiving
fresh
supplies
continually
press
on
his
weary
Soldiers
,
thinking
by
his
Example
to
give
them
new
Courage
,
he
dismounted
;
and
with
his
Sword
in
his
Hand
pressed
into
the
Front
of
his
Enemies
,
making
miserable
slaughter
:
But
breaking
in
too
far
,
and
not
being
timely
succoured
,
he
was
slain
;
together
with
the
Marquess
his
Brother
,
who
threw
himself
into
the
opening
Jaws
of
Death
,
in
hopes
to
bring
the
Earl
off
.
These
great
Commanders
slain
,
the
Army
grew
faint
,
and
giving
way
by
degrees
,
at
length
fell
into
a
total
rout
,
about
10000
being
slain
;
and
of
King
Edward's
Part
,
of
Note
,
only
Sir
Humphry
Bourcher
Son
to
the
Lord
Barns
;
and
the
dead
Bodies
of
the
Earl
and
Marquess
being
brought
to
St.
Paul's
,
were
exposed
to
view
three
Days
,
and
then
Honourably
Interred
among
their
Ancestors
in
the
Priory
of
Bissam
.
Queen
Margaret
having
notice
of
this
Defeat
,
fled
with
her
Son
to
the
Abbey
of
Bewley
in
Hampshire
,
whither
divers
Lords
resorted
to
her
,
and
agreed
to
raise
new
Forces
,
and
try
the
fortune
of
another
Field
,
which
they
did
,
and
were
Overthrown
at
Tewxbury
;
about
3000
being
slain
,
and
of
Note
the
Duke
of
Sommerset
,
Sir
John
Lewkner
,
Sir
John
Delves
,
&c.
The
Prisoners
of
Note
were
the
Queen
and
Prince
,
the
Prior
of
St.
John's
,
Sir
Jervis
Cliffton
,
Sir
Thomas
Tristram
,
and
Twelve
others
of
Note
;
all
but
the
two
first
being
Beheaded
the
next
day
;
and
soon
after
Prince
Edward
being
presented
to
the
King
by
Sir
Richard
Crofts
who
took
him
Prisoner
,
was
piteously
Murthered
in
his
sight
,
by
the
Dukes
of
Clarence
,
Gloucester
,
and
others
,
on
the
signal
given
by
the
King
,
in
striking
him
on
the
Mouth
with
his
Gantlet
;
nor
was
it
long
after
,
that
Innocent
King
Henry
was
Murthered
in
the
Tower
by
the
same
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
who
struck
a
Dagger
to
his
Heart
;
his
Body
being
afterward
exposed
to
view
in
St.
Paul's
,
three
days
,
that
the
People
might
be
sure
he
was
Dead
;
however
these
Proceedings
caused
the
King
much
hatred
among
the
People
;
when
somewhat
to
satisfie
them
,
he
consented
to
Ransome
the
Queen
,
to
pay
which
the
poor
Prince
her
Father
sold
his
Titles
to
Jerusalem
,
Naples
,
and
Sicily
;
and
returning
home
she
Lived
a
Melancholy
and
Disconsolate
Life
,
which
lasted
not
long
ere
she
dyed
of
Grief
,
particularly
for
the
Death
of
the
Prince
her
Son
,
whom
she
dearly
Loved
.
King
Edward
by
Bloodshed
being
rid
of
his
greatest
opposers
,
took
sollace
in
Pleasures
,
being
very
Lustful
,
and
was
rarely
without
two
or
three
Concubins
,
tho'
his
Queen
was
Young
and
Beautiful
;
and
among
them
Jane
Shoar
,
Wife
to
Mathew
Shoar
,
a
Goldsmith
in
Grace-church-street
,
was
most
pleasing
to
him
;
though
in
the
end
it
brought
her
to
shame
and
misery
.
But
to
pass
this
over
,
The
King
being
now
as
I
may
term
it
Established
in
the
Throne
,
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
vehemently
incited
him
to
War
on
France
,
and
recover
it
as
his
Antient
Right
and
Inheritance
;
upon
which
condition
himself
promised
to
do
great
matters
towards
assisting
him
.
The
King
was
not
slow
in
listening
to
it
,
for
many
reasons
urged
by
his
Council
;
as
,
The
French
having
frequently
assisted
his
Enemies
,
&c.
Yet
Money
being
wanting
,
it
seemed
difficult
.
But
to
surmount
this
,
he
resolved
without
a
Parliament
to
ask
it
of
his
Subjects
,
as
a
Free
Gift
;
which
many
indeed
complied
with
,
tho'
with
an
ill
will
.
But
one
thing
in
this
is
Remarkable
,
The
King
to
oblige
them
to
bring
in
more
freely
,
if
not
for
Love
,
yet
for
fear
of
after-claps
,
on
Penal
Laws
,
seeing
many
that
were
Rich
had
engaged
their
Persons
or
Purses
in
the
War
against
him
,
he
sat
sundry
Hours
in
a
Day
to
receive
it
himself
;
when
among
others
,
a
Rich
yet
Nigardly
old
Widow
brought
Twenty
Pounds
,
this
so
highly
pleased
him
,
That
he
not
only
returned
her
thanks
,
but
told
her
For
her
kindness
she
should
Kiss
a
King
;
and
having
performed
it
once
,
the
Old
Woman
pull'd
out
another
Bag
,
crying
Vdsbodikins
,
if
Kings
Sell
their
Kisses
so
Cheap
,
give
me
tother
Touch
on
the
Lips
,
and
here
is
another
Twenty
Pound
for
you
:
The
King
smiled
at
this
,
took
her
at
her
word
;
and
thought
his
Kisses
well
Sold.
With
this
Benevolence
of
his
Subjects
,
and
his
own
Treasure
,
he
Transported
a
fair
Army
over
Sea
,
but
found
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
altogether
unprovided
even
of
the
promised
Necessaries
for
the
support
of
the
English
,
who
Lying
without
the
Towns
on
the
cold
Ground
,
soon
began
to
murmur
;
however
to
employ
them
,
he
Marched
with
the
Duke
towards
St.
Quintins
,
which
was
secretly
promised
to
be
delivered
to
him
by
Lewis
of
Luxemburg
,
great
Unkle
to
King
Edward's
Queen
;
but
on
their
approaching
its
Walls
,
the
Cannon
not
only
plaid
fiercely
on
them
,
but
the
Garison
made
great
Sallies
;
so
that
finding
no
good
to
be
done
,
they
were
constrained
to
draw
off
;
and
soon
after
the
Duke
(
without
taking
leave
)
went
to
raise
Forces
,
leaving
only
word
,
That
he
would
come
again
with
an
Army
as
soon
as
he
was
able
:
These
Proceedings
made
the
King
begin
to
repent
he
had
come
over
upon
his
account
;
and
the
French
King
making
large
offers
to
obtain
a
Peace
,
it
was
after
some
debate
Agreed
to
without
the
Dukes
consent
,
viz.
1.
In
consideration
the
French
King
Paid
Edward
65000
Crowns
towards
his
Charge
,
and
50000l
.
per
Annum
for
his
Life
.
2.
That
in
one
Year
he
should
send
for
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
King
Edward
's
Eldest
Daughter
,
and
Marry
her
to
the
Dauphin
,
allowing
them
for
Nine
Years
space
Annually
50000
Crowns
,
and
then
the
Peaceable
possession
of
the
Dutchy
of
Guyan
;
and
in
consideration
of
this
,
Hostages
should
be
left
till
the
English
had
quitted
France
,
and
were
returned
home
.
This
being
Agreed
on
,
tho'
the
Marriage
was
never
performed
,
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
hastened
to
the
Kings
Camp
,
and
in
a
blustering
and
storming
manner
greatly
inveighed
against
what
he
had
done
,
and
was
as
sharply
Answered
by
him
;
whereupon
he
rod
away
in
much
discontent
,
and
the
French
King
came
to
an
Enterview
with
King
Edward
,
highly
Feasting
him
and
his
whole
Army
,
giving
Money
to
the
Officers
,
and
Soldiers
,
and
commanding
all
his
Subjects
to
use
them
with
much
Bounty
and
Civility
;
which
done
,
King
Edward
Marched
to
Callice
,
and
there
passed
over
to
England
;
and
then
the
Lord
Howard
and
Sir
John
Cheney
,
the
Hostages
,
were
sent
after
him
with
great
Rewards
.
The
Duke
of
Burgundy
however
continued
the
War
,
and
was
thrice
Overthrown
in
one
Year
;
and
in
the
last
,
at
Nancy
,
he
was
slain
.
King
Edward
being
now
at
leasure
to
look
if
ther●
were
(
after
so
many
slaughters
)
any
that
could
lay
●
Claim
to
his
Crown
,
or
Interrupt
by
such
a
pretence
the
Peace
of
him
or
his
Heirs
;
for
by
this
time
he
had
two
Sons
and
five
Daughters
,
he
at
last
thought
on
Henry
Earl
of
Richmond
,
who
remained
with
the
Duke
of
Brittany
,
he
being
of
the
Royal
Blood
,
and
near
of
Allyance
to
the
Crown
:
To
get
this
Prince
into
his
hands
,
he
Bribed
Peter
Landois
the
Dukes
Treasurer
,
with
great
Sums
of
Money
,
to
Betray
him
over
,
which
he
earnestly
laboured
to
do
,
shewing
him
the
Kings
Letters
in
a
Loving
stile
,
wherein
he
invited
him
into
England
,
promising
at
his
Arrival
to
give
him
his
Daughter
Elizabeth
in
Marriage
,
and
by
this
means
the
Treacherous
Treasurer
trained
the
Earl
to
St.
Malloes
,
where
a
Ship
and
Equipage
lay
ready
to
Transport
him
.
But
no
sooner
had
John
Chevelet
,
the
Earls
Friend
,
truly
informed
the
Duke
of
Brittany
that
this
pretended
Marriage
was
designed
for
the
Earls
destruction
,
but
he
commanded
his
Treasurer
o●
pain
of
Death
to
re-possess
him
of
his
Person
;
who
accordingly
stole
him
from
the
English
,
whilst
himsel●
made
merry
with
the
Ambassador
,
and
caused
his
Servants
to
thrust
him
into
a
Sanctuary
,
whose
priviledg●
might
not
be
violated
;
excusing
and
laying
it
on
the●
own
Negligence
,
for
not
taking
more
care
to
keep
●im
when
in
their
custody
.
This
Loss
both
of
Money
and
of
Prey
,
made
King
Edward
exceeding
Angry
,
but
there
being
no
remedy
,
he
seemed
slightly
●o
pass
it
over
.
Not
long
after
this
,
by
the
instigation
of
the
Duke
●f
Gloucester
and
others
,
the
King
grew
exceeding
Jea●ous
of
his
Brother
the
Duke
of
Clarence
,
being
the
more
incited
to
it
by
an
old
Prophecy
which
Predicted
〈◊〉
G
should
Reign
after
an
E
,
and
this
Dukes
Name
●eing
George
,
he
verily
believed
he
was
meant
by
it
;
●alling
freshly
into
his
mind
his
Practices
with
Warwick
,
●nd
what
had
been
done
concerning
him
in
Parliament
;
●nd
thereupon
,
by
his
contrivance
,
he
was
accused
of
High
Treason
,
for
Conspiring
his
Death
,
and
Aspiring
●o
the
Throne
:
and
after
a
few
days
Imprisonment
,
●e
was
found
Drowned
in
a
Butt
of
Malmsey
,
leaving
●ehind
him
but
two
Children
,
Edward
and
Margaret
,
who
were
both
Unfortunate
;
for
Edward
being
crea●ed
Earl
of
Warwick
,
was
Imprisoned
very
Young
,
and
●auslesly
Beheaded
in
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
Seventh
,
●n
a
surmize
he
intended
to
Escape
Prison
,
and
joyn
with
Perkin
Warbeck
,
to
raise
Commotions
:
And
Mar●aret
was
Married
to
Richard
De
La
Poole
Earl
of
Salis●ury
,
who
being
a
Widow
after
the
Earls
Death
,
was
●eheaded
in
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
Eighth
:
so
strange
●●
is
that
Competitors
for
Crowns
rarely
enjoy
that
Calm
and
Tranquility
that
attends
on
a
meaner
Estate
:
Nor
do
Historians
excuse
this
King
from
being
of
a
●ruel
Temper
,
as
causing
a
Mercer
in
Cheapside
to
be
●anged
at
his
own
door
for
Jestingly
saying
to
his
●ttle
Son
,
If
he
would
be
a
good
Boy
,
he
would
make
him
●eir
to
the
Crown
,
meaning
his
House
bearing
that
Sign
;
●ut
it
being
otherways
wrested
,
it
cost
him
his
Life
.
●e
also
caused
one
Thomas
Burdet
Esq
to
be
Beheaded
upon
a
very
slender
occasion
,
viz.
Being
on
his
Progress
in
Warwickshire
,
he
chanced
to
Hunt
in
one
of
Burdel's
Parks
,
and
among
others
killing
a
White
Buck
which
he
highly
esteened
,
News
of
it
was
no
sooner
brought
,
but
the
Gentleman
in
a
passion
wished
The
Horns
in
the
Belly
of
those
that
Counselled
the
King
to
kill
him
:
This
being
told
by
some
Pick-thanks
to
Edward
,
with
this
addition
,
viz.
That
he
wished
the
Horns
in
his
Belly
;
the
Judges
soon
construed
it
that
thereby
he
wished
the
King's
Death
;
who
with
those
Horns
in
his
Belly
could
by
no
means
Live
;
and
so
the
poor
Gentleman
,
in
lieu
of
the
great
Entertainment
he
had
given
the
King
and
his
Nobles
at
his
House
,
lost
his
Life
at
Tyburn
,
being
there
Beheaded
.
The
King
in
the
latter-end
of
his
Reign
,
contrary
to
his
former
Generous
humour
,
grew
exceeding
Covetous
,
and
Nigardly
,
so
that
to
encrease
his
Treasure
,
he
extorted
much
Money
from
his
People
,
by
vexing
them
with
the
execution
of
Penal-Laws
,
which
quenched
their
Love
and
Affections
very
much
;
with
this
Money
he
proposed
to
Match
his
Daughters
,
and
sent
to
the
French
King
to
mind
him
of
his
Oath
sworn
to
in
the
Articles
that
he
should
send
over
for
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
and
Marry
her
to
the
Dauphin
;
but
he
never
intending
it
,
excused
it
only
with
fair
promises
that
he
would
do
it
speedily
;
and
whilst
this
was
on
foot
,
James
the
Third
,
King
of
Scots
,
required
the
Lady
Cicilia
,
another
of
the
Kings
Daughters
,
in
Marriage
with
his
Son
and
Heir
apparent
,
which
was
agreed
to
,
and
part
of
her
Portion
paid
before
hand
;
but
instead
of
her
being
sent
for
,
and
a
Friendly
Allyance
concluded
,
the
King
of
Scots
with
this
Money
raised
Forces
and
entered
England
,
committing
many
cruel
outrages
〈…〉
.
The
Duke
of
Gloucester
was
sent
with
a
〈◊〉
●●ble
Army
,
forcing
his
way
into
the
Town
of
Berwick
and
Besieging
the
Castle
,
defended
by
Earl
Bothwel
;
but
purposing
to
March
into
Scotland
,
he
left
the
Lord
Standly
with
4000
Men
to
maintain
the
Siege
,
and
pursued
the
Scots
King
,
wasting
his
Country
with
Fire
and
Sword
:
Till
the
Nobility
perceiving
the
miserable
estate
of
the
Realm
,
humbly
sued
to
the
Duke
for
Peace
;
which
was
granted
on
these
Conditions
,
viz.
That
full
Restitution
should
be
made
to
King
Edward
's
Subjects
for
the
Injuries
done
them
:
That
the
Scots
King
should
Restore
his
Brother
the
Duke
of
Albany
,
who
was
in
the
English
Army
,
to
his
Honours
,
&c.
That
the
Castle
of
Berwick
should
be
Yeilded
,
or
not
Rescued
from
the
present
Siege
,
and
the
Marriage
Money
Re-paid
.
The
First
of
these
they
performed
not
,
as
being
unable
;
but
the
other
were
observed
,
and
the
Castle
of
Berwick
soon
Surrendered
.
But
the
French
King
utterly
broke
all
Frindship
with
King
Edward
,
by
denying
the
Yearly
Pension
,
and
Marrying
the
Dauphin
to
the
Lady
Margaret
,
Daughter
to
Maximillian
Son
of
Frederick
the
Emperour
;
which
Affront
had
certainly
caused
a
War
,
had
King
Edward
lived
to
have
prosecuted
what
he
had
projected
;
but
falling
Sick
of
a
Surfeit
with
Eating
too
excessively
at
a
Banquet
,
he
grew
daily
weaker
and
weaker
,
and
a
visible
decay
of
Nature
appearing
in
him
,
he
called
his
Nobles
about
him
,
and
laboured
to
make
Friendship
between
his
Wives
kindred
and
his
own
,
causing
them
to
Embrace
and
give
Solemn
assurances
of
it
in
his
presence
;
then
recommending
to
them
the
care
of
his
Queen
and
Children
,
earnestly
Exhorting
them
to
live
in
Unity
,
he
gave
up
the
Ghost
at
Westminster
,
on
the
ninth
of
April
1483
,
in
the
40th
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
23d
of
his
Reign
.
His
Body
being
buried
in
a
Chappel
of
his
own
foundation
at
Windsor
.
In
this
Kings
Reign
John
Hust
was
Burnt
on
Tower-Hill
for
the
profession
of
a
good
Conscience
.
A
Rose-Tree
in
the
beginning
of
the
calamitous
Wars
between
the
two
Houses
,
Bore
on
one
Branch
a
White
and
a
Red
Rose
,
the
Cognizances
of
York
and
Lancaster
;
and
a
Spring
of
Blood
gushed
out
near
Lancaster
.
Amazing
Voices
were
heard
in
the
Air
,
Firey
Meteors
and
Blazing-Stars
,
&c.
appeared
;
as
also
Fiery
Armies
Fighting
furiously
.
Remarks
on
Westmorland
,
&c.
THis
County
is
partly
Hilly
,
and
partly
Plain
;
It
produces
Cattle
,
a
good
sprinkling
of
Corn
,
store
of
Wild-Fowl
,
and
in
some
places
abounds
in
Fish
,
Venison
,
&c.
It
is
Bounded
with
Yorkshire
,
Lancashire
,
and
Cumberland
.
It
is
divided
into
five
Wards
,
containing
26
Parishes
,
and
8
Market
Towns
,
6
Castles
,
8
Rivers
,
over
which
are
15
Bridges
;
2
Forrests
,
and
10
Parks
:
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
4
,
viz.
Appleby
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
In
this
County
is
the
famous
Forrest
of
Marlerstrange
and
the
Castle
of
Howgil
:
It
s
chief
Towns
are
Appleby
,
Kendale
,
Kirby
,
Burg
,
or
Brough
under
Stainmore
:
This
last
is
undoubtedly
the
Ruine
of
an
eminent
Place
antiently
called
Verterl
,
where
a
Roman
Commander
kept
his
Station
with
a
Band
of
Directors
.
Amble-side
or
Amboglana
,
not
far
from
Winander
Meer
(
in
which
a
Fish
called
a
Charr
is
found
,
and
in
no
other
Water
)
is
the
Ruins
of
some
famous
City
of
the
Romans
which
may
be
gathered
from
Paved
Ways
leading
to
it
,
and
the
Roman
Coins
that
have
been
often
Digged
up
there
.
WESTMORLAND
COUNTY
map of Westmorland
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Beltham-Hall
,
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Derby
;
Appleby-Castle
,
Brough-Castle
,
and
Pendragon-Castle
,
to
the
Earl
of
Thanet
;
and
some
very
sightly
Houses
belonging
to
the
Gentry
.
The
Reign
of
King
EDWARD
the
Fifth
.
KING
Edward
the
Fourth
being
Dead
,
and
leaving
the
Crown
to
Edward
his
Son
,
being
about
Twelve
Years
of
Age
,
who
kept
his
Court
at
Ludlow
in
the
Marches
of
Wales
,
the
better
to
Ingratiate
himself
with
the
Welsh
,
and
continue
them
firm
to
the
English
Interest
:
That
Prince
upon
notice
of
his
Fathers
Death
,
prepared
for
his
Journey
to
London
,
in
order
to
be
Crowned
;
being
then
under
the
tuition
of
Anthony
Earl
Rivers
,
the
Queens
Brother
;
but
whilst
great
preparations
were
making
in
order
to
his
Reception
,
Richard
Duke
of
Gloucester
was
contriving
how
he
might
defraud
his
Nephew
,
and
place
the
Crown
on
his
own
Head
,
drawing
into
his
Confederacy
Edward
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
Richard
Lord
Hastings
,
and
others
:
And
having
laid
the
Project
,
in
the
next
place
they
proceeded
to
remove
all
Obstructions
;
and
hearing
that
the
Lords
of
the
Queens
Blood
intended
to
bring
the
King
up
with
an
Armed
Power
,
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
wrote
dissembling
Letters
to
the
Queen
,
putting
her
in
mind
of
the
Friendship
the
deceased
King
her
Husband
had
made
between
those
of
his
own
Blood
and
hers
,
on
his
Death-bed
;
Intreating
her
she
would
not
give
any
cause
of
distrust
in
that
matter
;
and
desired
she
would
Write
to
the
Lords
to
dismiss
those
Forces
,
for
saving
Charges
,
and
quieting
the
Peoples
minds
,
who
might
draw
conjectures
from
it
that
there
was
Misunderstandings
among
the
Nobles
,
tending
to
another
Civil
War
:
That
as
for
himself
,
he
Protested
and
Swore
,
That
his
humble
Duty
to
his
Soveraign
,
his
unfeigned
Love
to
her
,
her
Children
and
Kinsfolks
,
had
incited
him
thus
seriously
to
Counsel
and
Advise
her
and
them
in
so
weighty
a
matter
,
as
might
be
for
the
good
of
them
all
,
with
much
more
to
the
same
purpose
;
which
prevailed
with
her
to
believe
it
Sincere
;
that
she
Writ
to
her
Brother
and
Son
,
who
were
principally
the
Young
Kings
Conductors
,
to
dismiss
their
Armed
Attendants
and
come
to
London
by
easie
Journies
,
with
a
small
Number
of
his
select
Friends
:
This
however
they
had
some
scruple
to
do
,
before
Gloucester
wrote
to
them
very
obliging
Letters
,
protesting
an
Eternal
friendship
and
kindness
:
So
in
an
unlucky
hour
,
contrary
to
the
minds
of
many
with
them
,
and
of
the
Young
King
himself
,
the
Guards
was
sent
every
Man
to
his
Habitation
,
and
with
a
slender
Train
they
kept
on
their
Journey
.
The
Duke
of
Gloucester
having
gained
this
main
Point
,
delayed
not
to
hasten
his
meeting
the
King
,
taking
with
him
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
and
a
strong
Guard
,
and
by
this
time
the
Earl
Rivers
had
brought
the
King
to
Stoney-Stratford
;
but
because
that
little
Town
could
not
accommodate
his
Train
,
the
Earl
took
up
his
Quarters
at
Northampton
,
about
ten
Miles
from
thence
;
where
unlooked-for
,
the
Dukes
of
Buckingham
and
Gloucester
came
into
their
Inn
,
and
courteously
saluted
them
;
but
the
Scene
was
soon
changed
;
for
they
were
no
sooner
in
their
Beds
,
but
the
two
Dukes
seized
on
the
Keys
of
the
Inn
,
causing
the
Ways
between
the
two
Towns
to
be
stopped
,
and
strongly
Guarded
;
pretending
for
excuse
,
that
no
Man
before
them
should
in
the
Morning
pay
his
humble
Duty
to
the
King
:
Earl
Rivers
having
notice
of
this
,
perceived
he
was
over-reached
and
insnared
by
Gloucester's
Policy
;
and
resolving
to
make
the
best
of
it
,
dissembling
his
fears
,
came
to
the
two
Dukes
,
and
demanded
in
a
forced
Jocose
way
,
Why
they
had
so
done
?
But
in
stead
of
giving
any
satisfactory
Answer
,
they
fell
into
a
needless
Quarrel
with
him
;
and
causing
him
to
be
Arrested
,
and
put
under
strict
Ward
,
hastned
early
the
next
Morning
to
Stoney-Stratford
,
and
in
a
submissive
manner
presented
their
humble
Duty
to
the
King
,
who
received
them
with
much
kindness
and
affection
,
as
being
ignorant
of
what
had
passed
:
But
this
Scene
was
likewise
changed
,
upon
their
Arresting
the
Lord
Richard
Grey
,
the
Kings
half
Brother
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Vaughan
in
his
presence
;
of
which
usage
when
he
complained
,
they
told
him
all
should
be
well
;
and
what
they
did
,
was
for
the
best
;
protesting
abundance
of
Love
and
Loyalty
.
However
,
they
sent
the
Lords
and
Knights
to
Pomfret
Castle
in
the
North
,
under
a
strong
Guard
,
out
of
which
they
came
not
Alive
:
Then
they
removed
from
the
King
all
his
Officers
,
and
placed
Creatures
of
their
own
about
him
,
giving
out
that
those
of
the
Queens
Blood
intended
to
destroy
all
the
Kings
nearest
Relations
,
and
to
Rule
both
Him
and
the
Kingdom
at
their
pleasure
.
The
Queen
who
lay
at
Westminster
,
hearing
this
unexpected
News
,
greatly
grieved
that
she
had
been
over-reached
by
Gloucester's
cunning
to
Write
to
the
Lords
to
dismiss
their
Strength
;
and
fearing
the
worst
,
retired
with
her
Son
Richard
Duke
of
York
,
and
her
five
Daughters
,
into
the
Sanctuary
.
In
the
mean
while
they
brought
the
much
discontented
King
to
London
,
where
he
was
received
by
the
Lord
Mayor
and
500
Citizens
in
their
Formalities
:
In
whose
presence
Gloucester
,
plaid
his
part
so
cunningly
,
that
not
only
they
but
the
Nobility
were
won
to
believe
him
sincere
;
and
thereupon
he
was
appointed
Protector
of
the
Kings
Person
and
Kingdom
:
Which
Trust
he
most
passionately
desired
,
to
further
his
main
Design
,
which
now
he
questioned
not
to
bring
about
,
if
he
could
get
the
Duke
of
York
into
his
possession
;
and
in
order
to
it
,
calling
a
Council
of
Nobles
and
Prelates
,
he
laid
before
them
how
disgraceful
it
was
that
the
Queen
in
her
perversness
should
keep
an
Innocent
Prince
in
Sanctuary
,
which
was
looked
on
as
a
place
suitable
to
protect
the
Guilty
;
that
it
would
cause
them
to
be
spoke
evil
of
abroad
,
and
therefore
desired
them
to
advise
how
they
might
get
him
out
of
her
hands
,
to
solace
and
sport
in
the
company
of
the
King
his
Brother
,
who
was
Melancholy
for
his
absence
,
and
passionately
desired
to
see
him
.
This
,
and
much
more
to
the
same
effect
,
made
them
think
the
Dukes
words
Reasonable
,
and
thereupon
agree
to
send
such
as
had
greatest
Interest
with
the
Queen
,
to
perswade
her
to
deliver
him
;
of
whom
the
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
was
to
be
Spokesman
,
who
laid
many
Reasons
before
her
of
the
Necessity
at
that
juncture
which
required
her
consent
:
But
with
Sighs
and
Tears
she
Replied
,
That
the
Duke
being
Sickly
and
Weak
,
none
was
more
fit
than
his
own
Mother
to
look
to
him
;
that
Brothers
(
when
together
)
rarely
so
well
agreed
as
with
those
that
were
not
so
near
a
kin
.
But
the
main
is
,
said
she
,
my
Lord
,
it
is
dangerous
that
these
Princes
,
as
Affairs
stand
,
should
be
together
;
since
asunder
they
are
each
others
safety
.
And
if
the
one
of
them
do
well
,
the
other
cannot
be
in
Peril
or
Danger
;
and
there
is
nothing
more
hazardous
than
to
keep
them
in
one
place
;
since
the
Life
of
the
one
separate
,
is
maintained
in
the
Body
of
the
other
.
But
for
all
these
Reasons
,
perceiving
he
would
be
forced
from
her
,
if
she
consented
not
willingly
to
deliver
him
,
after
many
tender
Kisses
and
falling
Tears
,
praying
Almighty
God
to
preserve
and
defend
him
from
all
dangers
,
she
delivered
him
;
bitterly
Weeping
to
the
Arch
Bishop
,
saying
,
That
before
the
High
Majesty
of
Heaven
,
she
should
require
that
poor
Innocent
Infant
at
his
Hands
.
The
Protector
,
who
with
many
Nobles
waited
in
the
Star-Chamber
,
was
over-joyed
when
he
saw
the
Arch-Bishop
return
with
what
he
so
passionately
desired
,
and
taking
the
Young
Duke
in
his
Arms
,
he
kissed
him
,
and
said
,
Welcom
,
my
Lord
,
with
all
my
Heart
:
Protesting
so
great
a
love
to
him
,
that
most
believed
it
real
.
Thus
having
gotten
the
Prize
he
aimed
at
,
the
better
to
secure
it
,
he
conveyed
both
him
and
the
King
in
great
State
through
the
City
of
London
to
the
Tower
,
in
order
as
he
pretended
to
the
Coronation
when
things
were
setled
;
tho'
indeed
there
was
nothing
out
of
frame
but
what
himself
had
disordered
;
where
having
placed
them
under
such
as
he
confided
in
,
he
began
more
openly
to
tamper
with
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
whom
he
knew
was
Popular
and
Powerful
,
offering
to
Marry
his
Son
to
his
Daughter
,
and
give
him
the
Earldom
of
Hartford
(
which
the
Duke
claimed
in
King
Edward's
time
as
his
Right
,
but
could
not
obtain
)
if
he
would
to
the
utmost
endeavour
to
place
the
Crown
on
his
Head
;
and
by
this
means
he
won
him
entirely
to
his
Interest
,
tho'
it
afterward
proved
to
his
destruction
:
For
Gloucester
being
made
King
,
performed
nothing
of
his
promise
.
The
next
thing
he
had
to
do
,
was
to
gaine
the
Lord
Hastings
,
who
had
been
in
high
favour
with
Edward
the
Fourth
,
and
was
now
Lord
Chamberlain
to
the
Young
King
;
but
fearing
to
disclose
his
mind
openly
to
him
,
for
great
Rewards
he
procured
one
Catesby
,
a
Favourite
of
Hastings
,
secretly
with
dark
discourse
to
sound
him
:
This
Man
,
tho'
he
had
been
maintained
by
that
Lord
,
and
had
his
Fortunes
raised
to
what
he
was
by
him
,
proved
so
Treacherous
,
that
having
done
what
he
could
,
and
finding
that
Lord
no
ways
inclinable
to
favour
Gloucester's
design
,
he
not
only
told
him
of
it
,
but
encouraged
him
to
remove
him
out
of
the
World
,
if
he
intended
to
compass
his
desires
:
Which
being
Resolved
on
,
he
called
a
Grand
Council
of
Lords
at
the
Tower
,
to
consider
of
suitable
preparations
for
the
Coronation
;
and
when
they
had
sat
a
considerable
time
,
he
came
in
and
took
his
Chair
,
Jesting
with
some
of
them
,
after
he
had
excused
his
too
long
stay
,
requesting
of
Doctor
Morton
Bishop
of
Ely
some
Strawberries
that
grew
in
his
Garden
at
Holbourn
;
which
he
immediatly
sent
for
,
and
took
it
as
a
favour
that
the
Protector
was
so
kind
to
him
,
as
to
put
it
in
his
power
to
oblige
him
in
any
thing
;
for
there
had
been
formerly
no
good
understanding
between
them
.
Then
making
excuse
for
a
short
Absence
,
he
desired
them
to
proceed
in
the
method
proposed
;
when
about
an
hour
after
,
coming
in
,
he
took
his
Chair
,
frowning
,
biting
his
●ip
,
and
rubbing
his
Fist
;
which
tokens
o●
displeasure
strangely
amazed
them
,
so
that
they
kept
a
profound
silence
;
which
the
Protector
perceiving
,
demanded
what
punishment
they
deserved
who
had
wickedly
procured
his
destruction
,
he
being
Unkle
and
Protector
of
the
King
?
This
amused
them
more
than
before
;
but
knowing
themselves
Innocent
of
any
such
intention
,
the
Lord
Hastings
,
who
by
reason
of
the
antient
Friendship
that
had
been
between
them
,
thinking
he
might
make
bold
,
Replied
,
My
Lord
,
such
as
have
so
transgressed
,
deserve
the
severest
Punishment
the
Law
can
inflict
:
To
which
the
other
Lords
Assented
:
Then
,
said
he
,
that
Sorceress
(
meaning
the
Queen
)
and
Shoars
Wife
,
having
Conspired
by
Witchcraft
to
destroy
me
:
So
drawing
up
his
Sleeve
,
he
shewed
his
Arm
,
which
had
been
wasted
from
his
Infancy
,
as
they
all
knew
,
as
a
Testimony
of
what
he
had
said
;
biding
them
behold
how
their
Charms
had
begun
already
to
take
effect
on
him
.
Hereupon
the
Lord
Hastings
,
who
had
taken
Jane
Shoar
to
his
Bed
,
upon
the
Death
of
King
Edward
,
thinking
to
excuse
her
,
said
,
My
Lord
,
if
they
have
done
so
,
they
deserve
punishment
:
Thou
Traytor
,
Replyed
the
Protector
,
Servest
thou
me
with
Iffs
and
Ands
?
I
tell
thee
they
have
done
it
;
and
that
I
will
make
good
upon
thy
Body
:
And
so
striking
his
Fist
upon
the
Table
,
the
Room
was
presently
filled
with
Armed
Men
,
one
of
which
struck
at
the
Lord
Standley
,
and
as
nimble
as
he
was
to
sink
under
the
Table
,
grievously
Wounded
him
in
the
Head
,
and
himself
Arrested
the
Lord
Hastings
;
biding
him
make
hast
to
shrive
himself
;
For
by
St.
Paul
(
which
was
his
usual
Oath
)
he
would
neither
Eat
nor
Drink
till
his
Head
was
off
:
And
accordingly
he
was
Beheaded
on
a
Log
on
the
Green
within
the
Tower
;
and
the
same
day
by
the
Protectors
order
,
the
Lords
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Vaughan
were
Beheaded
at
Pomfret
;
to
whose
Death
this
Lord
had
consented
,
as
appears
by
his
own
Story
to
one
Hastings
a
Priest
,
whom
he
met
on
Tower-Hill
,
as
he
was
going
to
the
Council
,
viz.
That
he
should
soon
hear
that
Snare
they
had
laid
for
him
in
Edward
the
Fourths
time
,
which
caused
him
much
trouble
,
would
now
take
themselves
.
One
thing
more
is
remarkable
,
The
Lord
Stanley
,
the
Night
preceding
,
Dreamed
That
he
and
Hastings
were
Wounded
by
a
Boar
,
that
the
Blood
run
about
his
Ears
;
and
seeing
the
Protector
had
the
White
Boar
for
his
Cognizance
,
he
truly
Interpreted
it
,
desiring
he
would
accompany
him
in
Flying
,
ere
they
could
be
missed
,
out
of
his
reach
;
but
he
made
slight
of
it
,
desiring
the
Messenger
to
tell
his
Lord
,
That
Dreams
were
Fables
and
Fancies
;
yet
at
his
Death
he
repented
he
had
not
taken
this
warning
as
sent
from
Heaven
.
The
Protector
having
Imprisoned
the
Lord
Stanley
,
Arch-Bishop
of
York
,
Cardinal
,
Bishop
of
Ely
,
and
several
others
,
put
himself
and
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
into
old
Armour
,
as
if
first
come
to
hand
,
in
some
great
danger
;
and
sending
for
the
Lord
Mayor
,
and
many
of
the
chief
Citizens
,
movingly
told
them
,
That
himself
and
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
were
by
Conspiracy
of
Hastings
and
his
Accomplices
to
have
been
Murthered
at
the
Council
Table
,
had
he
not
by
force
prevented
it
;
desiring
them
to
make
that
report
to
their
Neighbours
;
and
that
this
was
all
that
had
occasioned
the
Disturbance
and
Execution
in
the
Tower
:
Nor
had
Hastings
been
dead
above
two
Hours
ere
a
large
Proclamation
,
with
the
Broad
Seal
to
it
,
was
read
in
divers
parts
of
the
City
by
a
Herauld
at
Arms
;
so
that
it
was
plain
to
the
People
,
that
this
matter
was
not
suddain
,
but
premeditated
.
These
Advances
coming
near
the
Throne
,
the
Citizens
were
Assembled
at
Guild-Hall
,
and
the
matter
openly
proposed
to
them
by
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
who
used
many
Arguments
to
induce
their
consent
to
the
Proclaiming
Richard
Duke
of
Gloucester
King
,
and
lay
aside
King
Edwards
Line
;
but
they
appeared
little
inclinable
to
it
.
However
Dr.
Shaw
,
Brother
to
the
Lord
Mayor
,
in
a
Sermon
at
St.
Paul's
Magnified
him
as
a
Prince
of
the
greatest
Magnanimity
and
Virtue
imaginable
;
labouring
to
Bastardize
Edward
the
Fourth
,
and
all
the
other
Sons
of
Richard
Duke
of
York
,
except
this
Richard
,
who
he
said
was
his
own
Picture
,
and
the
true
imitator
of
his
Valour
and
Virtues
:
Which
was
taken
for
such
a
piece
of
Dissimulation
and
Flattery
,
that
he
being
afterwards
very
evilly
spoken
of
,
he
was
ashamed
ever
after
to
appear
in
a
Pulpit
.
This
weighty
matter
being
now
brought
to
a
home
push
,
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
to
finish
the
work
he
had
begun
,
carried
divers
Citizens
of
the
meaner
sort
to
Baynards
Castle
,
where
the
Protector
kept
his
Court
;
where
he
made
them
seem
to
impose
the
Crown
on
him
;
with
threats
,
if
he
refused
it
,
to
place
it
on
the
Head
of
some
Nobleman
not
of
the
Family
of
the
Plantagenets
,
for
they
would
not
have
any
of
Edward
the
Fourth's
Line
to
Rule
over
them
:
This
and
much
more
to
the
like
purpose
,
the
Duke
spoke
for
them
,
which
with
a
faint
shout
of
God
save
King
Richard
,
made
him
with
great
unwillingness
(
as
appeared
to
them
)
accept
what
he
had
so
hard
laboured
for
,
and
passionately
desired
:
And
thus
an
end
was
put
to
Edward
the
Fifth's
Reign
,
if
I
may
so
terme
it
,
two
Months
and
thirteen
Days
after
his
Fathers
Death
;
and
was
afterward
,
together
with
his
Brother
,
Murthered
in
the
Tower
;
as
will
appear
in
the
next
Reign
.
The
Reign
of
King
RICHARD
the
Third
.
RIchard
Plantagenet
,
Third
Son
to
Richard
Duke
of
York
,
having
by
Pollicy
and
Stratagem
crouded
himself
into
the
Throne
,
he
called
a
Parliament
,
wherein
by
the
power
of
a
leading
Faction
,
he
was
confirmed
King
:
The
Crown
Entailed
on
him
and
his
Heirs
,
his
only
Son
Prince
Edward
being
made
Heir
apparent
:
But
against
his
Coronation
,
fearing
some
Insurrection
on
the
meeting
of
so
great
a
concourse
as
that
solemnity
required
,
he
sent
for
5000
Soldiers
out
of
the
North
,
under
the
Leading
of
Robert
Risdale
;
and
after
it
,
he
set
at
Liberty
the
Arch-Bishop
of
York
and
the
Lord
Stanley
;
but
continued
Bishop
Morton
;
yet
at
the
humble
supplication
of
the
University
of
Oxford
,
he
was
delivered
to
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
who
sent
him
to
his
Castle
of
Brecnock
in
Wales
,
as
a
Prisoner
at
large
;
for
he
had
his
Liberty
of
the
Parks
,
and
Grounds
lying
about
it
.
King
Richard
knowing
his
Title
to
be
bad
,
laboured
by
Favours
and
Interest
to
strengthen
it
:
He
Created
his
Son
about
Ten
Years
of
Age
,
Prince
of
Wales
,
and
John
Howard
(
a
Man
of
great
Experience
in
feats
of
Arms
)
Duke
of
Norfolk
;
and
Sir
Thomas
Howard
,
his
Eldest
Son
,
Earl
of
Surry
:
The
Lord
William
Barkley
was
Advanced
to
the
Earldom
of
Notingham
;
and
Francis
Lord
Lovel
,
his
great
Crony
and
Favourite
,
was
made
Viscount
Lovel
.
And
thus
,
as
he
immagined
,
having
settled
his
Estate
securely
at
Home
,
he
sent
Ambassadors
to
Lewis
the
French
King
,
to
conclude
a
Peace
with
him
;
thereby
to
prevent
Storms
from
Abroad
:
But
that
Prince
so
far
detested
his
proceedings
with
his
Nephews
,
That
he
would
not
admit
his
Ambassadors
to
his
Presence
,
nor
own
him
for
a
King
:
This
much
perplexed
him
,
and
as
is
thought
put
him
upon
the
Project
of
Murthering
the
Young
Innocent
Princes
,
as
supposing
by
what
had
passed
at
the
French
Court
,
he
could
never
be
Reputed
and
truly
Honoured
as
a
King
,
whilst
they
Lived
;
and
that
their
Murther
might
not
be
imputed
to
him
,
he
purposely
took
a
Progress
to
visit
the
City
of
Gloucester
,
from
whence
he
sometimes
took
his
Title
;
and
from
thence
sent
his
Letters
to
Sir
Robert
Brakenbury
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
,
whom
he
had
raised
from
a
Low
Degree
to
a
considerable
Fortune
,
expressly
Commanding
him
to
make
away
the
two
Princes
:
But
either
fear
of
after-claps
,
or
his
abhorrence
of
so
villanous
a
Deed
,
made
him
absolutely
refuse
it
:
Upon
notice
whereof
Richard
stormed
,
and
appeared
much
perplexed
in
Mind
;
retiring
himself
for
some
Hours
to
consider
how
it
might
be
done
;
and
then
remembering
there
was
one
Sir
James
Terril
,
a
retainer
to
the
Tower
,
whom
he
knew
to
be
very
Indigent
and
Necessitous
,
this
Man
he
doubted
not
to
prevail
on
for
the
Execution
of
his
wicked
purpose
;
and
therefore
sent
him
a
supply
of
Money
,
with
large
promises
of
preferment
,
if
he
Executed
his
pleasure
;
and
withal
his
Commands
to
the
Lieutenant
to
deliver
him
the
Keys
of
the
Tower
.
This
wicked
wretch
not
weighing
the
Guilt
,
closed
with
the
Golden
offers
,
and
had
the
Keys
delivered
to
him
,
tho'
not
without
regret
,
by
Sir
Robert
Brakenbury
;
and
the
same
Evening
he
hired
two
desperate
Ruffians
,
viz.
John
Dighton
and
Miles
Forrest
,
to
Smother
the
Princes
in
their
Beds
,
which
they
as
wickedly
performed
,
by
claping
Pillows
on
their
Faces
,
and
lying
on
them
with
all
their
force
,
till
by
their
no
longer
strugling
,
they
found
they
had
bereaved
them
of
Life
.
This
cruel
Murther
being
committed
,
the
next
thing
was
to
consider
how
to
dispose
of
their
Bodies
;
which
after
some
consults
about
it
,
they
Buried
under
the
Stairs
,
from
whence
they
were
removed
,
and
Buried
none
knows
where
:
Thus
King
Edward
the
Fourth's
Male
Issue
,
became
extinct
;
which
some
looked
on
as
a
Judgment
,
for
his
consenting
to
the
Murther
of
Pious
King
Henry
,
and
Innocent
Prince
Edward
his
Son
.
However
it
alleviates
not
the
Guilt
of
those
that
dipt
their
hands
in
this
Blood
;
for
all
that
were
concerned
in
it
,
came
to
untimely
ends
;
so
just
and
severe
is
God
in
punishing
Murther
,
even
in
this
Life
;
for
rarely
wee
find
his
vengance
stays
till
the
shedders
of
Innocent
Blood
drop
into
a
timely
Grave
.
This
being
rumoured
abroad
,
tho'
many
things
were
urged
by
his
creatures
to
excuse
the
Kings
knowledge
of
it
,
and
Terril
was
secretly
commanded
to
fly
beyond
the
Seas
:
But
in
Henry
the
Seventh's
time
returning
,
was
Executed
for
Treason
;
yet
the
People
,
as
well
Nobles
as
Commons
,
detested
him
for
it
.
The
Queen
grew
Frantick
for
some
time
,
and
much
ado
they
had
to
prevent
her
laying
violent
hands
on
herself
;
but
being
brought
to
her
Sences
,
with
Tears
and
bitter
Excecrations
against
her
wicked
Brother-in-Law
,
she
passed
a
Melancholy
Life
for
many
Months
:
King
Richard
after
this
,
was
troubled
with
fears
and
frightful
Dreams
of
Devils
and
Spirits
,
haling
and
tormenting
him
,
that
he
is
said
to
shed
some
Tears
,
and
wish
it
had
not
been
done
:
However
he
came
to
London
and
summoned
a
Parliament
,
wherein
(
to
ingratiate
with
the
People
)
many
good
Laws
were
made
,
which
are
highly
in
Esteem
to
this
day
:
But
God
shew'd
him
an
early
token
of
his
displeasure
,
by
taking
away
his
only
Son
,
being
all
the
Children
he
had
,
he
falling
from
a
Horse
dyed
of
the
Bruise
.
Bishop
Morton
,
as
is
said
,
being
committed
to
the
Duke
of
Buckingham's
Custody
,
that
sagacious
Prelate
so
wound
himself
into
his
favour
and
good
opinion
,
that
finding
he
was
Ambitiously
enclined
,
he
spared
nothing
to
encrease
his
aspiring
thoughts
to
that
height
,
as
to
make
him
look
with
envious
Eyes
on
King
Richard's
Crown
,
and
fancy
it
would
sit
more
comely
on
his
own
Head
:
He
was
indeed
of
the
Royal
Blood
by
the
Female
side
,
but
at
a
considerable
distance
:
However
King
Richard
having
broke
Promise
with
him
by
detaining
the
Earldom
of
Hartford
,
tho'
he
had
been
chiefly
instrumental
in
Advancing
him
to
the
Royal
Dignity
;
That
for
many
Reasons
the
Bishop
urged
,
he
began
to
hate
him
;
which
more
and
more
encreasing
,
from
new
disapointments
,
and
disfavours
;
and
in
fine
,
the
Duke
however
seemed
to
decline
the
Crown
,
it
was
urged
by
the
Bishop
he
might
be
Instrumental
to
do
good
to
his
Country
,
and
gain
Immortal
Fame
by
Uniting
the
Houses
of
York
and
Lancaster
,
in
promoting
a
Match
between
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
Eldest
Daughter
to
Edward
the
Fourth
,
and
Henry
Earl
of
Richmond
,
Son
and
Heir
to
Margaret
Countess
of
Richmond
,
Daughter
and
Heir
to
John
Duke
of
Sommerset
his
great
Unkle
,
Son
to
John
of
Gaunt
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
Fourth
Son
to
Edward
the
Third
.
This
he
attentively
harkened
to
,
and
thereupon
the
Bishop
desired
to
go
into
the
Isle
of
Ely
,
and
there
he
would
raise
Men
and
Money
to
forward
this
matter
.
But
the
Duke
considering
his
Absence
would
be
charged
on
him
,
and
be
a
means
to
discover
the
Intrigue
,
and
that
also
he
should
want
his
Counsel
at
need
,
refused
to
consent
;
however
the
Bishop
in
disguise
soon
after
got
away
,
and
escaped
to
the
Earl
of
Richmond
,
Counselling
and
Animating
him
to
prosecute
the
Project
laid
in
England
.
King
Richard
hearing
there
were
secret
Cabbals
held
against
him
in
Britany
by
the
Earl
of
Richmond
and
others
,
renewed
his
Brothers
Stratagem
to
get
him
into
his
hands
:
But
tho'
it
cost
him
much
Money
,
yet
his
Counsels
being
revealed
,
he
also
was
frustrated
in
his
expectations
:
But
by
this
time
having
notice
of
Buckingham's
discontents
,
he
by
Friendly
invitations
entreated
him
to
come
to
Court
;
but
the
Duke
excused
it
,
on
pretence
of
Indisposition
;
but
King
Richard
,
well
informed
to
the
contrary
,
knew
it
was
rather
an
Indisposition
of
Mind
than
Body
,
sent
a
second
Summons
,
peremptorily
commanding
him
to
make
his
personal
appearance
;
which
made
him
believe
his
design
was
discovered
;
and
thereupon
he
stoutly
replied
by
the
Messenger
,
That
he
reputed
him
a
Monster
,
a
Tyrant
,
Murtherer
,
and
not
his
Lawful
King
;
and
therefore
would
not
trust
his
Person
in
his
hands
,
who
was
cruelly
unmerciful
to
his
nearest
Relations
:
And
so
with
many
of
his
Friends
,
raised
Forces
in
Wales
,
whilst
Sir
Edward
Courtney
did
the
like
in
Devonshire
and
Cornwal
,
Sir
Richard
Guilford
gathered
many
of
the
Kentish
Commons
,
and
in
Yorkshire
the
Marquess
of
Dorset
leaving
Sanctuary
,
drew
a
great
Number
to
him
.
This
Storm
that
threatened
Ruine
to
the
Usurper
,
roused
him
to
Arms
;
so
that
Levying
a
considerable
Army
,
he
Marched
against
the
Duke
,
to
give
him
Battel
ere
he
joyned
his
Friends
,
supposing
if
he
could
rout
him
,
the
rest
would
soon
be
Subdued
:
The
Duke
was
as
resolute
as
he
,
and
intended
to
pass
the
Severn
at
a
low
Ford
near
Gloucester
,
to
meet
him
;
but
that
Night
and
for
Ten
days
after
,
such
abundance
of
Rain
fell
,
that
the
River
over-flowed
its
Banks
,
drowning
all
the
Meadows
,
so
that
he
could
not
pass
;
and
by
lingering
his
Victuals
growing
scanty
,
most
of
his
Forces
left
him
;
which
unexpected
misfortune
made
him
shift
for
himself
,
when
coming
to
the
House
of
one
Humphery
Banister
near
Shrewsbury
,
who
had
been
his
Steward
,
and
got
a
good
Estate
under
him
,
he
was
there
sheltered
for
a
time
;
but
King
Richard
Proscribing
him
,
and
setting
a
Thousand
Pounds
on
his
Head
,
that
Treacherous
Servant
discovered
him
to
the
Sherif
of
Shropshire
,
who
apprehended
him
in
poor
Apparel
,
digging
in
the
Garden
,
and
conveyed
him
to
the
King
at
Salisbury
,
where
in
hopes
of
favour
,
he
made
an
ample
confession
,
but
it
availed
not
;
for
without
any
Legal
Proceedings
he
was
Beheaded
,
upon
which
the
rest
dispersed
.
The
Earl
of
Richmond
knowing
nothing
of
this
disappointment
,
having
gotten
some
Forces
of
the
Duke
of
Britany
,
put
to
Sea
for
England
;
but
by
contrary
winds
was
driven
into
Normandy
,
where
the
French
King
not
only
succoured
him
with
Money
and
other
Necessaries
,
but
gave
him
safe
conduct
through
his
Territories
to
Britany
,
where
he
found
a
great
number
of
his
Friends
Arrived
before
him
;
and
there
making
a
sollemn
promise
to
Marry
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
Daughter
to
Edward
the
Fourth
,
if
his
success
answered
his
expectations
,
they
owned
him
in
a
manner
as
their
King
,
vowing
to
adventure
their
Lives
to
settle
him
on
the
Throne
.
King
Richard
in
the
mean
while
was
busied
in
Fortifying
the
Sea-Ports
,
and
cutting
off
by
terrible
Executions
all
that
he
thought
favoured
the
Earls
Interest
,
getting
him
and
his
adherents
attainted
in
Parliament
,
so
that
he
seized
their
Lands
and
Effects
,
bestowing
them
on
his
Creatures
,
which
caused
much
murmuring
among
the
People
:
And
one
Collingborn
an
Esquire
of
good
Estate
,
being
in
a
Poetical
strain
,
reflecting
on
Richard's
three
Favourites
,
viz.
Sir
Richard
Ratcliff
,
Sir
William
Catesby
,
and
the
Viscount
Lovel
,
in
this
Distich
,
The
Rat
,
the
Cat
,
and
Lovel
our
Dog
,
Rules
all
England
under
a
Hogg
:
Was
Executed
for
it
at
Tyburn
,
the
Judges
construing
the
last
word
,
to
allude
to
the
King
,
because
he
had
the
White
Boar
for
his
Cognizance
;
and
so
in
their
opinions
the
Scandal
was
wrested
to
Treason
.
And
then
he
laid
another
Trap
for
the
Earl
of
Richmond
,
by
Bribing
Peter
Landoys
,
the
Duke
of
Britany's
Treasurer
;
but
he
escaped
it
on
timely
notice
,
and
fled
to
the
French
King
;
however
King
Richard
made
an
Alliance
with
James
King
of
Scots
,
by
Marrying
the
Lady
Ann
(
one
of
his
Neices
)
to
the
Duke
of
Rothsey
,
his
Eldest
Son
;
and
with
large
Presents
and
fair
Promises
so
won
on
the
infatuated
Queen
Dowager
(
his
Brothers
Widow
)
as
to
deliver
her
Daughters
into
his
hands
,
tho'
she
was
sensible
he
had
Murthured
her
Sons
:
Then
he
caused
it
to
be
given
out
that
Queen
Ann
his
Wife
,
who
was
Daughter
to
the
great
Earl
of
Warwick
,
and
had
been
Wife
to
Prince
Edward
,
Son
to
Henry
the
Sixth
,
was
suddainly
Dead
;
and
though
then
very
well
,
yet
soon
after
she
was
found
unexpectedly
dead
,
not
without
suspicion
of
Poison
;
which
he
so
little
regarded
,
that
he
immediatly
tendered
Courtship
to
Elizabeth
his
Brothers
Daughter
,
who
fearing
her
own
and
her
Sisters
safety
,
put
him
off
with
delays
,
without
any
absolute
denyal
,
till
the
Battel
of
Bosworth-Field
ending
his
Life
,
set
her
at
liberty
to
Marry
the
Earl
of
Richmond
;
whom
this
News
of
Courtship
hastened
over
with
such
Forces
as
the
French
King
and
his
own
Friends
furnished
him
with
,
to
the
Number
of
2000
;
with
those
he
Landed
at
Milford
Haven
in
Wales
,
and
for
a
time
few
resorted
to
him
;
yet
no
sooner
the
Welshmen
understood
he
was
of
the
Family
of
the
Tuthers
,
and
of
their
own
Blood
,
and
might
prove
an
especial
Favouour
of
them
,
if
he
was
advanced
to
the
Crown
,
but
they
flocked
to
his
Standard
from
all
parts
,
under
their
Captains
John
Morgan
,
Rice
ap
Thomas
,
Richard
Griffith
,
and
others
;
having
by
this
means
gotten
a
little
Army
,
he
Marched
forward
by
Sir
George
Talbot
,
Sir
Walter
Hungerford
,
Sir
Thomas
Bourcher
,
and
others
,
with
Forces
they
had
raised
for
King
Richard
.
This
News
soon
flew
to
London
,
and
much
perplexed
the
King
;
insomuch
that
he
scarcely
knew
who
to
trust
;
yet
he
Levied
an
Army
of
20000
Men
,
and
with
John
Duke
of
Norfolk
and
others
,
that
he
had
Obliged
by
many
great
Gifts
,
Marched
against
his
Enemies
,
resolving
to
venture
his
Crown
and
Life
on
the
fortune
of
a
Battel
;
and
tho'
many
indeavours
were
used
to
withdraw
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
from
his
side
,
none
could
prevail
to
shake
his
fidelity
;
however
the
Night
before
the
Battel
,
to
amuse
him
,
and
to
weaken
his
hand
,
This
Distich
was
fixed
on
his
Chamber
Door
,
viz.
Jack
of
Norfolk
be
not
too
bold
;
For
Dickon
thy
Master
is
bought
and
sold
.
On
the
20th
of
August
1485
,
The
two
Armies
faced
each
other
near
Bosworth
in
Leicestershire
:
But
when
King
Richard
perceived
the
Lord
Stanley
who
commanded
a
part
of
his
Forces
,
stand
wavering
at
a
distance
,
he
sent
to
him
to
come
immediatly
and
joyn
with
him
;
to
which
he
Replied
,
He
would
do
it
when
he
saw
his
time
.
This
so
enraged
him
,
that
he
commanded
the
Son
of
that
Lord
,
whom
he
had
as
a
Hostage
of
his
Fidelity
,
to
be
instantly
cut
off
;
however
he
was
diswaded
to
defer
it
till
the
fortune
of
the
Field
had
been
tried
;
and
so
both
Armies
joyning
,
fought
desperately
,
none
knowing
which
would
be
victor
,
till
by
the
Lord
Stanly's
Revolting
,
and
breaking
in
upon
the
Kings
Battallion
with
fresh
Men
,
he
turned
the
scale
;
when
the
King
perceiving
Fortune
against
him
,
resolving
to
restore
the
Battel
,
or
Dye
,
in
a
desperate
mood
he
rushed
into
the
Earls
Battel
,
and
with
his
Sword
made
a
free
passage
,
till
he
encountered
Sir
William
Brandon
,
Standard
bearer
to
the
Earl
,
whom
he
slew
,
and
then
singled
out
Sir
John
Cheney
,
whom
he
tumbled
to
the
Ground
,
much
Bruised
and
Wounded
,
and
thus
gaining
a
passage
to
the
Earl
,
they
Encountered
like
enraged
Lions
;
and
Richard
in
all
appearance
had
slain
him
,
had
he
not
been
beaten
down
by
others
,
and
slain
;
tho'
the
Earl
had
it
given
out
he
slew
him
with
his
own
hands
;
for
notwithstanding
his
many
evil
qualities
,
all
Authors
allow
him
to
have
been
Valiant
,
and
of
extraordinary
Strength
;
so
that
had
half
his
Army
imitated
his
example
,
it
is
concluded
he
had
been
Victor
:
But
such
was
the
will
of
God
,
to
punish
him
for
his
many
Murthers
,
that
at
once
he
lost
his
Kingdom
and
Life
.
Upon
his
fall
,
his
Army
partly
fled
,
and
partly
revolted
;
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
likewise
Fighting
valiantly
,
was
slain
,
and
in
all
about
4000
others
.
The
Crown
he
brought
into
the
Field
,
was
found
in
a
Hawthorn
Bush
,
and
placed
on
the
Earl
of
Richmond's
Head
by
the
Lord
Stanley
;
whereupon
he
was
saluted
King
by
the
General
Voice
,
Among
other
dead
Bodies
,
King
Richard's
was
found
,
Stript
,
and
carried
Naked
and
Bloody
on
a
Horse
to
Leicester
;
where
it
was
two
days
exposed
to
the
view
of
the
People
,
and
then
Buried
in
the
Grey-Friers
Monastery
;
when
at
the
dissolution
of
Religious
Houses
,
the
Stone
Coffin
wherein
his
Corps
lay
,
was
taken
up
,
and
said
now
to
be
a
drinking
Trough
for
Horses
at
a
common
Inn
in
Leicester
.
He
began
his
Reign
June
22
,
Anno
Dom.
1483
,
and
Reigned
two
Years
and
two
Months
.
Remarks
on
Worcestershire
,
&c.
WOrcestershire
produces
store
of
Sheep
,
and
large
Cattle
,
much
Corn
,
and
rich
Pastures
;
It
is
pleasently
Watered
by
the
River
Severn
,
branching
in
a
manner
through
all
the
County
,
affording
store
of
Fish
,
as
the
Parks
do
Venison
:
It
is
towards
Staffordshire
pretty
Woody
,
with
some
rising
Hills
:
It
is
Bounded
with
Shropshire
,
Herefordshire
,
Glocestershire
,
Warwickshire
,
and
Staffordshire
:
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
9
,
viz.
Bewdly
1
,
Droitwich
2
,
Evesham
2
,
Worcester
City
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
WORCESTER
SHIRE
map of Worcestershire
At
Eversham
King
Kenry
the
Third
gained
a
great
Victory
over
the
Barons
:
Kiderminster
is
of
great
Antiquity
,
also
Sturbridg
:
On
the
edge
of
this
County
,
at
Eckington
is
a
Medicinal
Well
whose
Waters
are
Restorative
.
In
this
Shire
are
Hartlebury
,
Holt
,
and
Emsley
Castles
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Grafton
,
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
;
Lenwick
,
to
the
Earl
of
Craven
;
Feckenham
Lodg
,
to
the
Lord
Coventry
;
and
Hartelbury
Castle
,
the
Bishops
Seat
.
This
Shire
contains
7
Hundreds
,
152
Parishes
,
1
City
,
which
is
a
Bishops
See
,
12
Market
Towns
;
and
is
Watered
with
5
Rivers
,
over
which
and
Branches
are
15
Bridges
:
It
has
moreover
7
Castles
,
1
Chase
,
2
Forrests
,
and
16
Parks
.
The
Reign
of
King
HENRY
the
Seventh
.
AFter
the
Battel
of
Bosworth
,
Henry
hasted
to
London
;
and
soon
after
his
arrival
,
was
Crowned
King
:
Then
calling
a
Parliament
,
King
Richard
was
Attainted
,
and
the
Crown
entailed
on
him
and
his
Heirs
;
and
the
January
following
,
he
Married
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
Eldest
Daughter
to
Edward
the
Fourth
,
by
which
means
the
long
Warring
Houses
of
York
and
Lancaster
were
joyned
in
one
;
and
in
the
ensuing
September
,
she
was
delivered
of
a
Prince
,
who
was
Christned
Arthur
;
and
the
King
published
his
Pardon
to
all
that
had
born
Arms
against
him
;
conditionally
if
they
would
Swear
Fealty
and
Allegiance
to
him
;
which
many
refused
,
and
had
their
Goods
and
Estates
Confiscated
.
Then
he
chose
Grave
and
Wise
Counsellours
of
State
,
who
by
their
prudent
mannagment
of
Affairs
,
thorowly
settled
the
Kingdom
in
Peace
and
Tranquillity
;
and
so
proceeding
to
make
large
amends
to
the
Duke
of
Britany
and
French
King
,
for
the
favours
he
received
from
them
during
his
Exile
.
But
now
whilst
all
things
seemed
quiet
,
and
Trade
began
to
flourish
,
a
suddain
Rebellion
broke
out
in
the
North
,
Headed
by
Sir
Humphry
Stafford
,
the
Lord
Lovel
,
and
others
,
who
left
their
Sanctuaries
,
and
drew
great
Numbers
to
side
with
them
.
But
King
Henry
raised
an
Army
with
much
celerity
,
and
coming
swiftly
on
them
,
the
Ringleaders
fled
by
Night
,
which
so
amazed
the
Plebeans
,
that
the
next
Morning
they
submitted
to
the
Kings
mercy
:
However
Sir
Humphry
Stafford
,
and
his
Brother
Thomas
,
were
taken
out
of
Culuham
Abby
in
Oxfordshire
,
whither
they
had
fled
for
Sanctuary
,
and
the
first
Beheaded
;
the
latter
being
spared
because
he
Acted
by
the
Dictates
of
his
Brother
.
This
combustion
was
no
sooner
over
,
but
another
more
dangerous
ensued
:
For
one
Richard
Symond
,
a
Priest
,
set
up
a
Pupil
of
his
,
whom
he
had
cunningly
Instructed
to
claim
the
Crown
,
by
the
Name
of
Edward
Plantagenet
,
Eldest
Son
to
the
Duke
of
Clarence
;
tho'
it
afterward
appeared
his
true
Name
was
Lambert
Symnel
:
His
Age
agreed
with
that
of
the
Prince
he
represented
,
who
was
then
a
Prisoner
,
and
in
likness
he
resembled
him
,
and
his
carriage
was
extreamly
Genteil
and
Taking
;
so
that
many
flocked
to
him
who
were
desirous
of
change
,
as
well
of
the
Nobles
and
Gentry
,
as
Commons
;
but
not
finding
here
a
sufficient
Strength
,
he
failed
to
Ireland
;
where
Sir
Thomas
Garendine
,
the
Lord
Chancelor
,
espoused
his
Quarrel
,
and
drew
many
to
take
part
with
him
;
and
to
him
the
Dutchess
Dowager
,
a
mortal
Enemy
to
King
Henry
,
sent
supplies
of
Money
,
Men
and
Arms
;
and
by
her
Encouragement
many
English
espoused
his
Interest
,
so
that
he
became
very
Formidable
:
This
constrained
King
Henry
to
bring
the
true
Edward
out
of
the
Tower
,
and
carry
him
through
the
Streets
of
London
,
to
satisfy
the
People
of
the
Imposture
;
where
the
Nobility
were
required
to
be
present
,
and
to
confer
with
him
.
But
this
did
little
,
for
the
others
Army
encreasing
,
The
King
raised
Forces
to
repel
him
,
and
a
Battel
was
joyned
near
Stoke
in
Lincolnshire
,
which
was
maintained
with
great
resolution
;
but
the
Irish
who
compossed
the
greater
part
of
Symnel's
Army
,
being
destitute
of
Warlike
Weapons
,
tho'
they
fought
valiantly
,
were
routed
;
whereupon
the
rest
gave
way
:
And
in
this
Battel
the
Earl
of
Lincoln
,
the
Lord
Lovel
,
Sir
Thomas
Garendine
,
Marian
Swart
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Browghton
,
were
Slain
,
Symnell
was
taken
Prisoner
,
and
after
a
publick
Confession
who
he
was
,
made
Scullion
in
the
Kings
Kitchen
,
and
after
that
his
Faulconer
.
Peace
now
being
settled
,
the
Queen
was
Crowned
,
and
Thomas
Bourcher
,
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
being
dead
,
Bishop
Morton
was
preferred
to
that
Archiepiscopal
See
,
and
made
Lord
Chancelor
of
England
:
soon
after
which
preferment
,
he
was
dignified
with
the
Hat
and
Habit
of
a
Cardinal
,
by
Pope
Alexander
the
Sixth
.
Whilst
these
things
Passed
,
a
Quarrel
arose
between
Charles
the
French
King
,
and
Francis
Duke
of
Britany
;
whereupon
the
latter
,
too
weak
to
oppose
his
powerful
Enemy
,
required
Aid
of
King
Henry
;
but
he
having
in
his
necessities
been
befriended
by
them
both
,
rather
laboured
to
make
an
Accomodation
;
yet
underhand
,
the
King
winking
at
it
,
many
English
went
over
to
the
Duke's
Assistance
;
but
were
mostly
slain
in
a
fatal
Overthrow
the
French
gave
near
the
City
of
Nantz
,
with
their
chief
Leader
the
Lord
Woodvile
.
This
made
King
Henry
openly
assist
the
Duke
with
Men
and
Money
;
to
furnish
which
,
he
raised
by
Parliament
a
Tax
of
the
Tenth
Penny
on
all
Moveable
Goods
,
which
caused
a
Rebellion
in
the
North
,
where
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
enforcing
the
Kings
Orders
for
the
strict
Levying
it
,
was
Murthered
by
the
Rout
;
but
Thomas
Earl
of
Surry
going
against
them
with
an
Army
,
they
dispersed
and
fled
;
yet
several
of
the
Ringleaders
were
taken
and
Executed
in
sundry
places
.
During
the
War
in
Britany
,
That
Duke
dyed
,
and
the
Estates
Marrying
his
Daughter
and
Heiress
to
the
French
King
,
tho'
she
had
before
been
contracted
to
Maximillian
the
Emperour
,
a
Peace
ensued
;
and
the
Lady
Margaret
,
Daughter
to
the
Emperour
,
whom
the
French
King
had
taken
as
his
Wife
,
was
returned
with
disgrace
;
which
occasioned
a
War
between
them
;
and
Henry
being
on
both
sides
solicited
for
Aid
,
he
for
many
waighty
Reasons
adhered
to
the
Emperour
,
and
Transported
an
Army
under
the
Command
of
his
Unkle
Jasper
Duke
of
Bedford
,
and
John
Earl
of
Oxford
;
but
the
Emperour
not
being
forward
in
his
promised
Preparation
,
the
King
passed
into
France
,
and
laid
Siege
to
Bullen
,
which
made
the
French
King
for
fear
of
Britany
,
of
which
by
his
Marriage
he
was
become
Soveraign
Prince
,
sue
for
Peace
;
which
was
concluded
between
him
and
King
Henry
during
their
Lives
:
The
French
King
,
for
defraying
his
Charges
,
paying
186200
l.
and
a
Yearly
Pension
of
25000
Crowns
,
which
was
Paid
during
King
Henry's
Life
;
whereupon
he
returned
with
his
Army
.
Not
long
after
this
,
the
Dutchess
Dowager
of
Burgundy
set
up
another
Imposture
,
who
though
his
true
Name
was
Perkin
Warbeck
,
was
to
pass
for
Richard
Plantagenet
,
the
second
Son
of
Edward
the
Fourth
,
and
the
better
to
further
her
design
,
she
used
such
Policy
in
England
,
that
she
gained
many
of
the
best
Rank
,
who
were
well
affected
to
the
House
of
York
,
to
favour
him
.
King
Henry
however
,
to
Countermine
her
Stratagem
,
bent
to
work
him
Mischief
,
secretly
caused
divers
of
his
Friends
seemingly
to
fly
to
this
n●●
pretended
Duke
,
and
offer
him
their
Service
;
their
Estates
the
mean
while
,
the
better
to
colour
the
matter
,
being
seized
in
England
:
And
by
this
means
he
gained
private
Intelligence
of
all
the
Proceedings
,
and
an
Account
of
the
Names
of
such
as
being
in
England
held
correspondency
with
him
;
which
brought
many
into
Trouble
,
and
some
to
Execution
.
And
finding
the
Emperour
,
disgusted
at
the
Peace
he
had
made
with
France
,
secretly
encouraged
this
design
,
he
removed
the
English
Mart
from
the
Low
Countries
to
Callice
;
which
proved
greatly
prejudicial
to
the
Flemings
,
especially
upon
a
Prohibition
of
Flemish
Wares
being
brought
into
England
,
which
made
the
Emperour
publish
the
like
Prohibition
to
hinder
the
Importation
of
English
Goods
in
any
part
of
his
Territories
;
which
causing
a
decay
of
Trade
,
incited
the
meaner
sort
of
Handicrafts
in
London
to
commit
divers
Outrages
on
the
Persons
and
Goods
of
the
Flemings
that
Inhabited
among
them
;
but
about
80
of
the
Ringleaders
being
Taken
,
were
Imprisoned
,
till
by
the
Kings
Pardon
they
were
Released
,
and
the
Flemings
Banished
.
Sir
Robert
Clifton
,
whom
the
King
by
Promises
and
Gifts
had
won
to
his
Favour
,
about
this
time
came
over
;
and
the
better
to
Apprehend
such
as
he
should
Accuse
,
without
Blows
,
he
appointed
to
meet
him
in
the
Tower
;
where
among
his
Great
Courtiers
,
he
singled
out
Stanley
,
who
had
been
Instrumental
in
setting
the
Crown
on
the
Kings
Head
,
and
was
now
his
Lord
Chamberlain
;
who
was
nevertheless
committed
to
Prison
,
and
the
main
Evidence
on
his
Tryal
being
,
That
he
had
said
,
That
if
he
was
sure
this
Perkin
was
the
True
Duke
of
York
,
he
would
not
draw
his
Sword
against
him
;
he
was
thereupon
Sentenced
,
and
all
his
great
Services
could
not
attone
to
save
his
Life
,
for
he
was
very
soon
after
Beheaded
.
Yet
with
this
the
Storm
blew
not
over
,
for
the
Native
Irish
declaring
for
Perkin
,
tho'
the
King
sent
an
Army
thither
under
Sir
Edward
Poinings
,
yet
he
could
do
little
good
there
,
they
being
too
nimble
for
him
in
their
Woods
,
Bogs
,
and
Mountains
;
and
not
being
assisted
by
the
Nobles
and
Gentry
,
as
he
expected
,
the
fault
was
charged
by
him
on
the
Earl
of
Killdare
,
whom
he
brought
over
Prisoner
;
but
that
Lord
so
well
acquitted
himself
,
that
he
was
soon
set
at
Liberty
,
and
sent
back
again
with
Honour
and
Rewards
;
and
Perkin
putting
to
Sea
,
Landed
in
Kent
;
but
he
was
beaten
off
,
and
a
great
many
of
his
Men
slain
;
and
such
as
were
taken
,
Executed
;
which
discouragement
made
him
return
to
Burgundy
.
Yet
soon
after
he
Sailed
for
Ireland
,
where
he
was
received
with
Promise
of
large
Assistance
;
but
not
finding
it
according
to
his
expectation
,
he
passed
thence
into
Scotland
,
and
was
highly
welcomed
by
James
the
Fourth
,
who
esteeming
him
(
by
reason
of
his
Courtly
Behaviour
)
as
the
True
Prince
he
represented
,
Married
him
to
Catharine
Gourdon
his
Neice
;
and
then
with
a
Puissant
Army
Invaded
England
,
which
miserably
wasted
the
Northern
Borders
,
and
compelled
King
Henry
to
set
forward
with
all
the
Forces
he
on
the
suddain
could
raise
,
under
the
Command
of
Giles
Lord
Dawbeny
;
but
was
soon
recalled
upon
an
Insurrection
in
Cornwal
,
occasioned
by
the
Levying
a
Tax
to
support
the
War
:
They
strongly
charging
the
fault
on
John
Morton
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
and
Sir
Reynold
Bray
,
who
(
as
they
said
)
to
Inrich
themselves
had
advised
the
King
to
oppress
his
Subjects
;
desiring
they
might
be
removed
from
their
Dignities
&
Offices
,
and
Punished
as
Enemies
to
the
Common
Weale
;
and
chose
for
their
Captains
Thomas
Flammock
a
Lawyer
,
and
one
Joseph
a
Blacksmith
;
and
gathering
as
they
Marched
,
brought
a
great
Terrour
on
the
City
of
London
,
being
joyned
by
the
Lord
Audley
,
and
many
Thousands
he
brought
to
their
assistance
;
and
found
a
free
passage
till
they
came
into
Kent
,
where
the
Kentishmen
opposed
them
;
and
now
the
King
thinking
it
his
time
to
set
upon
them
,
gave
them
Battel
at
Black-heath
near
Greenwich
,
and
totally
Routed
them
,
slaying
2000
,
and
taking
their
Ringleaders
with
many
others
Prisoners
,
who
were
most
of
them
Executed
:
Joseph
the
Blacksmith
glorying
in
his
way
to
Execution
,
that
for
this
deed
he
should
be
Recorded
in
History
;
and
indeed
he
missed
not
of
his
Expectation
.
The
King
being
now
at
leasure
to
revenge
the
wrongs
the
Scots
had
done
in
the
North
,
ordered
the
Earl
of
Surry
and
Richard
Fox
Bishop
of
Durham
,
to
raise
such
Forces
as
they
could
,
and
oppose
their
Ravages
till
he
sent
a
greater
Strength
;
but
these
two
active
Men
raised
such
a
Power
,
that
the
Scots
upon
their
approach
immediatly
retired
into
their
own
Country
,
and
were
followed
by
the
English
,
who
retaliated
in
a
fearful
manner
the
injuries
done
within
the
English
Pale
,
winning
and
razing
many
strong
Castles
,
Towns
,
and
Fortresses
;
and
though
the
Scots
King
made
shew
he
would
give
Battel
,
and
Challenged
the
Field
,
yet
in
the
Night
he
Decamped
and
gave
his
Army
free
leave
to
disperse
it self
;
so
that
for
seven
Days
the
English
hunted
them
in
Woods
and
Mountaines
,
tho'
to
little
purpose
;
for
Winter
approaching
,
the
Barrenness
of
the
Country
constrained
them
to
return
to
Berwick
,
to
receive
King
Henry's
Orders
.
But
in
the
mean
while
Peter
Hyalus
,
Ambassador
from
Ferdinand
King
of
Castile
,
arrived
to
Mediate
a
Peace
between
England
and
Scotland
;
yet
it
came
to
no
more
than
a
Truce
for
certain
Years
,
on
condition
the
Scots
King
Banished
Perkin
,
and
all
his
Adherents
out
of
his
Dominions
;
and
about
the
same
time
the
French
King
sent
to
Ratify
the
Peace
that
had
been
concluded
between
King
Henry
and
himself
,
which
was
Accorded
;
and
Maximillian
perceiving
his
Country
of
Flanders
,
&c.
much
Impoverished
for
want
of
the
English
Trade
,
with
many
Entreaties
procured
it
to
be
Restored
;
and
our
Merchants
coming
to
Antwerp
,
were
received
by
the
Inhabitants
with
solemn
Processions
,
Feastings
,
and
all
demonstrations
of
Joy
imaginable
.
Perkin
Warbeck
by
means
of
the
Truce
being
Expell'd
Scotland
,
Sailed
away
with
four
Ships
and
Landed
in
Cornwal
,
where
the
ordinary
sort
of
People
received
him
with
Joy
and
loud
Acclamations
,
raising
in
a
short
time
a
great
Multitude
to
Aid
him
;
tho'
for
Rebellion
they
had
severely
smarted
but
a
little
before
;
and
immediately
with
great
Multitudes
he
Besieged
the
City
of
Exceter
,
but
the
Citizens
stoutly
withstood
them
in
their
Attempts
to
Scale
the
Wales
,
slaying
very
many
of
them
.
Whereupon
they
put
Fire
to
the
Gates
and
Burnt
them
,
but
could
not
Enter
by
reason
the
Besieged
Countermured
them
with
Fire
,
and
kept
it
with
continual
supplies
of
Fuel
,
so
fierce
that
they
had
time
to
raise
Bulwarks
and
Ramparts
.
Then
the
Rebells
by
Threats
and
fair
Promises
endeavoured
to
oblige
them
to
submit
;
but
these
proved
fruitless
,
for
being
encouraged
by
the
King
,
who
promised
to
come
to
their
Relief
very
speedily
,
with
an
Army
,
they
stoutly
refused
all
Conditions
of
Surrender
;
and
upon
the
Kings
approach
,
the
Siege
was
raised
,
the
Rebells
Marching
into
Somersetshire
,
where
they
laid
Siege
to
Taunton
Dean
;
but
being
close
followed
,
Perkin
with
60
Horse
fled
from
the
rest
,
and
finding
the
Sea-ports
stopped
,
he
took
Sanctuary
in
Beauley
Abby
near
Southampton
;
Registering
his
own
,
and
the
Names
of
some
few
of
his
Companions
,
who
had
got
thither
with
him
;
the
greater
part
of
his
Train
being
Taken
by
the
King's
Light-Horse-Men
,
who
closely
Pursued
:
And
the
Multitude
Submitting
,
and
throwing
down
their
Arms
,
were
received
into
the
Kings
Protection
,
unless
some
of
the
Chief
,
who
being
Taken
were
Executed
in
divers
places
.
The
King
after
this
coming
to
Exeter
,
highly
commended
the
Citizens
for
their
Loyalty
and
Courage
,
rewarding
the
Meaner
sort
with
Money
,
and
those
of
Note
with
Knighthood
and
profitable
Places
of
Trust
giving
his
own
Sword
to
the
Mayor
,
with
a
Priviledge
that
it
should
always
be
born
before
him
.
And
the
Sanctuary
where
Perkin
was
,
being
incompassed
with
Armed
Men
,
and
he
perceiving
their
orders
were
to
take
him
thence
by
force
,
he
Surrendered
himself
to
the
Abbor
of
Sheen
,
Intreating
him
to
procure
the
Kings
Pardon
for
him
;
whereupon
he
was
brought
to
Westminster
,
and
publickly
declared
his
mean
Birth
and
Parrentage
,
and
that
he
had
been
perswaded
to
this
Undertaking
chiefly
by
the
Dutchess
Dowager
of
Burgundy
;
whereupon
with
a
Paper
of
all
the
Intreague
Pinned
on
his
Back
,
he
was
set
upon
a
Scaffold
,
fastned
in
a
pair
of
Stocks
a
whole
Day
before
the
Palace
at
Westminster
,
and
the
following
day
in
like
manner
at
Cheapside-Cross
,
and
then
made
a
close
Prisoner
in
the
Tower
,
where
Bribing
the
Keepers
,
and
practicing
to
Escape
into
Flanders
,
tho'
he
had
been
Pardoned
before
,
he
was
for
this
Executed
at
Tyburn
;
and
the
King
laying
hold
on
this
to
rid
him
of
the
fears
he
had
of
the
True
Earl
of
Warwick's
being
one
day
advanced
to
the
Throne
,
was
not
wanting
of
Evidence
who
Accused
him
to
have
attempted
his
Escape
with
Perkin
,
and
tho'
having
been
kept
in
Prison
from
his
Infancy
,
so
that
he
knew
not
a
Goose
from
a
Hen
,
that
poor
Prince
was
wrongfully
Condemned
of
High
Treason
,
and
Beheaded
on
the
Tower-Hill
,
whose
Innocent
Blood
fixed
a
stain
on
King
Henry
to
all
Posterity
;
his
Death
being
rather
looked
on
as
a
State-Policy
,
than
any
ways
Just
;
and
that
in
this
he
had
done
that
Crime
,
for
which
he
had
so
vehemently
accused
Richard
the
Third
;
only
with
this
difference
,
That
he
made
his
Courts
of
Justice
Guilty
of
a
Crime
not
inferiour
to
what
the
other
had
imposed
on
private
Assassins
:
For
this
Edward
Earl
of
Warwick
was
Son
to
George
Duke
of
Clarence
,
second
Brother
to
Edward
the
Fourth
,
and
the
last
of
the
Male
Line
of
the
Plantagenets
,
who
had
sway'd
the
Scepter
from
Henry
the
Second
.
King
Henry
by
this
Bloodshed
having
more
firmly
Established
his
Throne
,
or
at
least
himself
,
from
those
fears
that
he
apprehended
from
mutable
Fortune
,
whilst
this
Young
Prince
Lived
,
Married
Arthur
Prince
of
Wales
,
his
Eldest
Son
,
to
the
Lady
Catharine
,
Daughter
to
Ferdinand
King
of
Spain
,
with
great
Magnificence
,
in
St.
Paul's
.
But
that
Young
Prince
soon
after
Dying
,
she
was
Married
to
Henry
his
Second
Son
,
who
Succeeded
:
But
upon
some
pretended
scruples
,
Divorced
;
as
will
appear
at
large
in
the
History
of
his
Reign
.
And
James
the
Fourth
,
King
of
Scots
,
suing
for
the
Lady
Margaret
the
Kings
Eldest
Daughter
,
the
Match
was
concluded
,
tho'
the
French
King
and
others
had
required
her
,
but
could
not
obtain
their
Suits
;
for
in
this
Henry
wisely
considered
,
That
if
his
Sons
Issue
should
fail
,
it
would
be
a
means
to
unite
Scotland
to
England
;
when
if
he
had
Married
her
to
a
more
Powerful
Kingdom
,
this
must
have
been
Subjected
to
that
,
which
he
concluded
would
prove
very
dishonourable
to
the
English
Nation
;
and
the
Lady
being
sent
to
Edenbourough
,
was
there
Married
with
great
Solemnity
.
The
King
in
the
latter
end
of
his
Reign
growing
exceeding
Covetous
,
contrived
how
he
might
extort
Money
from
his
Subjects
;
and
for
this
,
as
his
chief
Instrument
,
he
used
Sir
Richard
Empson
and
Edmund
Dudley
two
Lawyers
,
whom
he
appointed
to
put
the
Penal
Laws
in
execution
with
great
Rigor
;
which
they
spared
not
to
do
,
to
the
utmost
,
tho'
in
the
next
Reign
it
cost
them
their
Lives
;
nor
was
the
complaints
of
the
oppressed
People
minded
,
tho'
exceeding
great
and
many
,
from
all
parts
of
England
,
which
encouraged
a
whole
swarm
of
Locusts
,
as
under
Officers
,
to
pill
and
pole
them
in
every
Shire
,
which
caused
the
King
much
hatred
.
After
this
,
Philip
Duke
of
Austria
,
in
Right
of
his
Wife
,
coming
to
be
King
of
Spain
was
in
his
Voyage
thither
driven
by
a
Tempest
into
Weymouth
Harbour
in
Dorsetshire
,
where
with
his
Queen
he
was
Entertained
by
Sir
Thomas
Trenchard
,
and
after
Invited
to
the
King's
Court
at
Windsor
;
where
,
for
the
Entertainment
he
gave
him
,
he
procured
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
fled
into
Austria
,
to
be
put
into
his
hands
,
on
condition
he
should
have
no
violence
offered
him
;
and
indeed
during
this
Kings
Reign
he
was
only
kept
a
Prisoner
;
but
in
the
next
lost
his
Head
.
King
Henry
soon
after
falling
Sick
of
a
languishing
Disease
,
which
was
looked
on
as
a
Judgment
for
oppressing
his
Subjects
,
remitted
all
offences
against
his
Penal
Laws
,
enlarged
all
Prisoners
,
except
for
Treason
&
Murther
,
restored
Moneys
to
those
that
had
been
Ruined
,
relieved
the
Poor
,
and
did
many
good
Acts.
And
having
Reigned
23
Years
and
8
Months
,
he
Dyed
,
and
was
Buried
at
Westminster
,
in
the
famous
Chappel
of
his
own
founding
,
by
Elizabeth
his
Queen
,
(
who
Dyed
not
long
before
)
in
the
52d
Year
of
his
Age.
In
this
Kings
Reign
Wheat
was
Sold
for
Six
Pence
a
Bushel
,
Nantwich
Salt
6
d.
and
Bay
Salt
3
d.
per
Bushel
,
White
Herings
6
s.
per
Barrel
,
Red
Herrings
3
s.
per
Cade
,
Sprats
6
d.
per
Cade
,
and
Gascoign
Wine
at
6
l.
per
Tun.
Anno
1495
a
mighty
Storm
of
Hail
fell
,
killing
and
wounding
many
Cattle
and
People
,
several
Stones
being
taken
up
at
St.
Neots
in
Huntingtonshire
18
Inches
about
:
And
soon
after
a
fearful
Plague
raged
,
which
made
the
King
and
Queen
for
a
time
remove
their
Court
to
Callice
:
And
during
his
Reign
about
Nine
Persons
,
Men
and
Women
,
suffered
the
Flames
for
the
profession
of
a
good
Faith
:
Several
did
Penance
by
carrying
Faggots
on
their
Backs
,
and
some
were
Burnt
in
the
Cheek
,
&c.
Remarks
on
Wiltshire
,
&c.
WIltshire
is
Renowned
for
the
Frugal
Industry
of
the
Inhabitants
:
It
produces
numerous
Flocks
of
Sheep
,
of
whose
Wooll
Cloath
is
made
,
and
many
Thousands
of
People
set
on
Work
;
as
also
large
Cattle
,
store
of
Corn
,
and
Pastures
,
Venison
,
Fish
,
Fowl
,
&c.
It
is
Bounded
with
Barkshire
,
Hampshire
,
Dorsetshire
,
Somersetshire
,
and
Gloucestershire
;
It
contains
29
Hundreds
,
in
which
are
304
Parishes
,
23
Market
Towns
,
5
Rivers
,
1
City
,
viz.
Salisbury
,
which
is
a
Bishops
See
.
3
Bridges
,
1
Castle
,
1
Chace
,
and
2
Parks
.
The
River
Avon
branches
its
Southern
parts
,
and
Wilby-Bourn
extends
to
the
West
;
as
also
does
a
part
of
Avon
;
and
in
other
parts
it
is
pleasantly
Watered
;
the
Castle
is
that
of
Castlecomb
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
34
,
viz.
Bedwin
2
,
Caln
2
,
Chipenham
2
,
Cricklade
2
,
Devizes
2
,
Downton
2
,
Heitsbury
2
,
Hindon
2
,
Ludgarsale
2
,
Malmsbury
2
,
Marleborough
2
,
New
Sarum
2
,
Old
Sarum
2
,
Westbury
2
,
Wilton
2
,
Wooton
Basset
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
WILTSHIRE
map of Wiltshire
On
Salisbury
Plain
,
is
the
memorable
Wonder
called
Stone
Henge
,
supposed
to
be
Erected
as
a
Monument
to
Hingest
the
first
Saxon
Invader
;
its
Stones
are
of
a
prodigious
bigness
,
some
28
Foot
long
,
and
7
broad
,
Morticed
one
within
another
;
tho'
wasted
by
time
,
some
are
falln
.
Near
Sawerth
are
Cockle-stones
,
and
those
called
the
Grey
Weathers
near
Marlborough
.
On
the
Borders
of
this
County
,
between
Great
Bedwin
and
Lockington
,
are
certain
deep
Holes
called
the
Giants
Caves
;
The
Water
breaking
out
of
certain
Stones
near
Knet
,
is
accounted
a
presage
of
Dearth
.
At
Luckington
is
a
Well
whose
Virtue
is
to
Cure
Sore
Eyes
.
At
Aubury
is
cast
up
a
Ditch
of
a
prodigious
depth
,
near
Circular
,
set
round
with
large
Stones
,
supposed
once
a
strong
Encampment
of
the
Romans
,
as
Yarnborough
Castle
on
Salisbury
Plain
is
supposed
to
have
been
one
of
their
Fortresses
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Marleborough-House
,
and
Allington-House
,
belonging
to
the
Duke
of
Somerset
;
Wilton
and
Falstone
,
alias
Fallerdown
,
to
the
Earl
of
Pembrook
;
Clarlton
,
to
the
Earl
of
Barkshire
;
Stourton-Castle
,
to
the
Lord
Stourton
;
Wardour-Castle
,
to
the
Lord
Arundel
of
Wardour
;
Long
Leats
,
to
the
Viscount
Weymouth
,
Baron
of
Warmister
;
the
Bishops
Seat
in
Salisbury
.
The
Reign
of
King
HENRY
the
Eighth
.
HENRY
the
Eighth
,
being
Eighteen
Years
old
,
began
his
Reign
the
22d
of
April
,
Anno
Dom.
1509.
and
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
by
William
Warham
,
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
.
His
first
Policy
was
to
wind
himself
into
the
Affections
of
his
Subjects
;
and
soon
found
out
a
way
to
do
it
by
issuing
out
Proclamations
That
such
as
had
been
Injured
by
Extortions
and
Oppressions
of
evil
Persons
in
his
Fathers
Reign
,
should
be
favourably
heard
,
and
receive
Satisfaction
for
the
wrongs
done
them
:
Whereupon
great
Numbers
came
with
grievous
Complaints
;
those
that
had
received
the
least
Injury
,
being
the
most
clamorous
;
and
having
recompenced
many
,
to
please
the
rest
,
Empson
and
Dudley
the
two
corrupt
Judges
,
were
Convicted
of
High
Treason
,
and
Beheaded
on
Tower-Hill
;
and
divers
imployed
under
them
were
Disgraced
by
Pillories
,
Stocks
,
and
Whipping-Posts
,
tho'
these
Catterpillars
had
exceedingly
Enriched
the
Kings
Treasury
,
as
well
as
their
own
Coffers
.
For
his
Father
left
behind
him
the
greatest
Mass
of
Money
that
any
King
of
England
before
him
had
done
.
Things
being
a
little
settled
,
Ferdinand
the
King's
Father-in-Law
,
craved
Aid
of
him
against
the
Moors
,
who
infested
his
Kingdom
,
which
he
obtained
,
and
drove
them
by
that
means
out
of
Spain
;
but
the
War
ceasing
,
he
sent
home
the
English
poor
and
ill
rewarded
for
their
Service
,
which
much
offended
the
King
;
and
Wars
arrising
between
Pope
Julius
the
Second
,
and
Lewis
the
French
King
,
in
Italy
,
where
the
latter
seized
on
the
strong
Towns
of
Bologna
and
La
Gasse
,
and
became
very
Formidable
,
King
Henry
became
a
friendly
Mediator
between
them
.
But
the
French
King
refusing
to
yeild
to
Proposals
of
Peace
,
pursuing
his
Conquests
,
he
required
him
by
his
Ambassadors
to
restore
him
the
Peaceable
possession
of
Guyan
and
Normandy
,
with
his
Antient
Inheritance
of
Mayne
and
Anjou
,
unjustly
detained
from
his
Ancestors
and
himself
;
which
being
refused
,
he
Proclaimed
War
;
and
for
this
,
and
Writing
a
Book
in
defence
of
the
Roman
Pontificate
,
against
Martin
Luther
,
the
Pope
(
on
whose
account
this
Quarrel
was
espoused
)
stiled
him
Defender
of
the
Faith
;
which
Title
has
ever
since
been
retained
by
the
Kings
and
Queens
of
England
.
The
King
was
not
slow
in
raising
an
Army
,
and
King
Ferdinand
of
Spain
having
notice
of
his
preparations
,
sent
to
offer
his
Service
if
he
would
Land
his
Forces
in
Biscay
,
a
part
of
his
Country
,
and
from
thence
March
into
Guyan
,
which
was
agreed
to
,
and
done
under
the
Leading
of
Thomas
Crey
Marquess
of
Dorset
:
But
the
crafty
Spaniard
intending
nothing
but
his
own
advantage
by
this
,
after
the
English
had
suffered
many
hardships
in
his
Country
,
he
joyned
them
,
and
fell
unexpectedly
on
the
Kingdom
of
Navarre
,
which
he
seized
in
a
short
time
;
the
Natives
being
so
amazed
at
the
suddainness
of
the
Invasion
,
that
they
made
little
or
no
resistance
.
But
after
this
success
,
he
afforded
them
no
subsistance
,
or
any
part
of
the
spoil
;
which
made
the
Soldiers
Disband
of
their
own
accord
,
and
come
straglingly
into
England
,
Poor
and
almost
Naked
:
But
Sir
Edward
Howard
,
Youngest
Son
to
the
Earl
of
Surry
,
being
Lord
Admiral
of
England
,
many
times
Landed
in
the
French
Territories
,
and
greatly
endamaged
them
,
and
at
Sea
overthrew
their
Navy
;
in
which
Fight
Sir
John
Carew
of
Devonshire
,
in
the
Regent
,
grapling
with
a
great
Carrick
of
Brest
,
both
Ships
in
the
contest
fell
on
Fire
,
and
in
them
(
on
both
sides
)
about
800
Men
perished
.
This
distress
on
his
Coast
,
made
the
French
King
augment
his
Fleet
,
and
Fortify
his
Harbours
:
However
the
Admiral
entered
that
of
Brest
with
Boats
and
armed
Barges
,
and
assailed
three
great
Galleys
of
Rhodes
,
brought
to
the
assistance
of
the
French
King
,
by
Prior
John
,
these
they
soon
Boarded
;
but
the
Boats
and
Barges
then
returning
,
and
leaving
them
well
Manned
,
to
be
brought
off
at
high
Tide
;
by
this
oversight
the
French
regained
them
;
and
in
the
contest
,
the
Admiral
was
born
overboard
by
a
Pike
,
and
Drowned
.
But
in
few
days
his
Elder
Brother
was
made
Admiral
,
and
two
Land
Armies
prepared
,
one
under
the
Leading
of
George
Talbot
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
,
and
the
other
by
Charles
Somerset
Lord
Herbert
,
Chamberlain
to
the
King
:
These
had
not
long
been
Landed
but
the
King
leaving
the
publick
mannagement
of
Affaires
to
the
Queen
,
and
directing
the
Earl
of
Surry
to
Guard
the
North
against
the
Scots
Incursion
,
he
Sailed
to
Callice
and
caused
his
Army
to
March
to
Terwyn
,
which
he
Besieged
;
and
upon
the
overthrow
of
the
French
Army
that
came
to
its
Relief
,
had
it
put
into
his
possession
,
which
he
rased
,
and
consumed
by
Fire
,
except
the
Cathedral
and
Bishops
Palace
.
During
this
Siege
,
Maximilian
the
Emperour
,
with
30
Nobles
and
Gentlemen
,
repared
to
King
Henry's
Camp
;
where
,
to
the
Honour
of
England
,
they
Enrolled
themselves
in
the
King's
Pay
,
and
were
Nobly
entertained
.
The
next
Place
that
opposed
him
in
his
intended
Conquest
,
was
Tournay
,
which
despairing
of
succour
,
after
many
fierce
Assaults
,
yielded
;
and
on
condition
of
their
paying
10000
l.
the
Citizens
were
received
into
Henry's
Protection
,
and
Wolsey
his
Almoner
,
took
an
Oath
of
Allegiance
of
them
,
to
be
True
to
him
,
as
his
own
Subjects
.
However
,
in
his
Absence
the
Scots
Invaded
England
with
8000
Men
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Lord
Humes
,
and
did
great
mischief
;
but
as
they
were
returning
with
their
Plunder
,
Sir
William
Bulmer
who
lay
in
wait
with
1000
Archers
,
put
them
to
the
Rout
in
a
sharp
Fight
,
slew
500
,
and
took
400
Prisoners
,
and
recovered
all
the
Booty
;
so
that
those
who
had
the
luck
to
Escape
returned
Poor
and
Beggarly
into
Scotland
.
But
King
James
the
Fourth
,
to
revenge
this
disgrace
,
raised
the
Power
of
his
Kingdom
,
and
come
before
the
Castle
of
Norham
,
(
some
Historians
say
with
100000
Fighting
Men
)
which
he
Took
,
by
reason
the
Captain
being
prodigal
of
his
Powder
,
too
soon
spent
it
.
But
the
Earl
of
Surry
Marching
against
the
Scots
with
26000
Fighting
Men
,
Anno
1513
the
fatal
Battel
of
Floden
Field
was
Fought
,
September
9
,
in
which
the
Victory
fell
to
the
English
;
the
Scots
King
,
2
Bishops
,
12
Earls
,
14
Lords
,
and
12000
others
of
lesser
note
,
being
slain
.
For
this
good
Service
the
Earl
of
Surry
was
Created
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
Charles
Brandon
Viscount
Lysle
,
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
and
Woolsey
was
made
Bishop
of
Lincoln
,
and
after
some
Bickerings
with
the
French
on
the
Coast
of
Normandy
,
King
Lewis
,
stricken
much
in
Years
,
sued
for
Peace
;
and
the
better
to
confirm
it
,
Married
the
Lady
Mary
,
Second
Sister
to
King
Henry
,
a
Young
and
very
Beautiful
Lady
,
at
whose
Wedding
and
Coronation
many
brave
feats
of
Chivalry
were
performed
by
the
English
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
who
waited
on
her
:
But
Lewis
the
12th
Dying
three
Months
after
this
Marriage
,
she
returned
again
for
England
,
and
with
the
King
's
private
consent
was
Married
to
Charles
Brandon
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
who
had
a
long
time
been
her
Lover
.
Woolsey
,
who
was
a
Butchers
Son
at
Ipswich
,
now
began
to
rise
a
pace
;
for
Doctor
Bambridge
dying
,
he
was
made
Arch-Bishop
,
(
and
after
,
by
the
Pope
,
Cardinal
)
of
York
,
which
puffed
him
up
with
so
much
Pride
,
that
he
undertook
to
Rule
the
King
and
Kingdom
,
doing
for
a
time
,
without
controul
,
what
he
listed
,
placing
and
displacing
Officers
,
and
meddling
in
all
Affairs
where
there
was
Advantage
or
Homage
to
be
gained
:
Especially
when
made
Lord
Chancelour
,
and
Counsellour
of
State
;
demanding
Accounts
of
the
Treasurers
,
Captains
,
and
other
Officers
that
had
been
in
the
Wars
;
by
which
he
got
much
Money
out
of
some
that
were
Rich
;
and
those
that
could
not
furnish
him
,
he
Punished
and
Imprisoned
;
Erecting
Courts
of
his
own
head
,
and
by
subtilty
got
himself
to
be
made
the
Popes
Legat
;
and
to
Build
two
Colledges
,
by
the
Popes
permission
,
suppressed
and
seized
on
the
Lands
&
Effects
of
many
Religious
Houses
,
which
gave
an
inlet
to
King
Henry's
suppressing
the
rest
some
time
after
;
who
concluded
if
it
were
not
Sacriledge
in
the
Pope
,
but
he
could
alow
of
it
at
pleasure
,
it
would
be
none
in
him
.
However
,
this
Cardinal
was
sent
on
several
Honourable
Embassies
,
wherein
he
behaved
himself
so
Proudly
,
Naming
the
King
but
in
the
Second
place
,
as
Ego
et
Rex
meus
,
I
and
my
King
;
That
Forreigners
admired
how
such
Arrogancy
could
be
suffered
by
any
Prince
in
his
Subject
;
but
his
Fall
was
swifter
than
his
Rise
;
so
that
what
he
chiefly
aimed
at
,
(
viz.
to
be
Elected
Pope
,
in
making
Interest
for
which
promotion
at
Rome
,
and
in
other
Courts
,
it
had
cost
England
vast
sums
of
Money
)
he
never
attained
to
.
For
King
Henry
growing
into
a
dislike
of
the
Marriage
between
him
and
the
Lady
Catharine
,
of
Spain
,
because
she
had
been
his
Brother
Arthur's
Wife
,
tho'
indeed
(
as
it
after
appeared
)
rather
by
a
Divorce
to
make
way
for
a
fresh
Beauty
,
the
Cardinals
delays
and
crossing
the
Kings
haste
in
this
purpose
,
made
him
fall
into
disgrace
,
which
brought
him
to
his
End
;
as
will
by
and
by
be
manifested
.
The
King
by
Riotous
Living
at
home
,
and
Expences
in
Forreign
Courts
,
where
Ambassadors
(
especially
Woolsey
)
were
attended
with
such
State
that
they
rather
seemed
the
King
himself
,
than
his
Representatives
;
had
now
pretty
well
emptied
his
Coffers
,
which
put
him
into
some
discontent
:
But
Woolsey
,
both
to
Enrich
the
King
and
himself
,
laid
hold
of
his
Melancholy
and
Wants
,
as
a
favourable
opportunity
,
of
his
own
Authotity
granted
out
Commissions
under
the
Great
Seal
for
Levying
a
Tax
all
over
England
and
Wales
,
according
to
the
true
value
of
every
Mans
Estate
,
viz.
Of
every
Fifty
Pound
value
,
and
upwards
,
Four
Shillings
in
the
Pound
;
and
for
every
Pound
above
Twenty
,
and
under
Fifty
,
two
Shillings
;
and
all
under
Twenty
,
Twelve
Pence
in
the
Pound
;
and
in
London
he
appointed
himself
chief
Commissioner
:
And
by
another
Commission
the
Clergy
,
without
exception
,
were
Taxed
Four
Shillings
in
the
Pound
for
their
Livings
.
This
seemed
so
grievous
to
all
sorts
of
People
,
so
great
a
Tax
never
having
been
laid
on
them
before
,
and
this
done
without
Authority
of
Parliament
,
that
the
Meaner
sort
grievously
Cursed
the
Author
and
Contriver
of
their
Miseries
;
and
those
more
discreet
,
laboured
for
these
Reasons
to
have
the
Commission
Revoked
.
1.
Because
the
Commissions
were
not
established
or
grounded
on
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
.
2.
Because
the
Execution
of
them
would
be
a
dangerous
President
against
the
Liberty
and
Freedom
of
the
People
of
England
in
time
to
come
,
3.
Because
Mens
Credits
many
times
exceeded
their
Estates
,
and
to
bring
them
upon
Oath
,
or
other
ways
to
discover
that
,
it
would
prove
their
Ruin
.
And
Lastly
,
That
not
one
in
ten
had
the
value
demanded
in
Plate
or
Ready
Money
;
and
if
they
parted
with
so
much
,
Trade
must
cease
for
want
of
Coin
to
Trade
with
.
But
these
and
many
more
Reasons
prevailed
not
,
till
the
King
perceived
the
Peoples
discontents
every
where
so
great
,
that
he
feared
a
general
Insurrection
;
and
then
he
sent
his
Letters
to
countermand
the
Commission
,
dissembling
that
he
knew
any
thing
of
those
Commissions
that
had
been
given
out
to
Levy
the
Tax
;
and
the
Cardinal
seeing
his
Project
frustrated
,
and
fawningly
to
excuse
himself
to
the
People
,
he
certified
in
all
Counties
by
his
Letters
,
viz.
That
because
he
saw
those
Taxes
were
too
grievous
for
them
to
bear
,
he
had
in
compassion
to
them
,
kneeled
to
the
King
,
and
prevailed
with
him
to
Revoke
the
Commissions
:
Yet
few
believed
him
,
for
the
greater
part
were
satisfied
that
it
was
done
against
his
mind
,
and
that
he
inwardly
fretted
at
the
disappointment
,
it
being
the
first
rub
that
had
checked
his
Arbitrary
Will.
When
to
spend
his
Gaul
on
some
body
,
and
ease
his
Anger
,
he
after
he
had
given
the
King
Hampton
Court
,
and
all
his
fine
Buildings
there
,
in
exchange
for
his
Palace
of
Richmond
,
prevailed
to
have
the
ordering
the
King's
Houshould
;
which
was
no
sooner
granted
,
but
he
turned
out
all
worthy
deserving
Persons
,
and
Sold
their
Places
and
Offices
to
such
as
would
be
more
obedient
to
him
.
About
this
time
the
French
King
requested
the
Lady
Mary
,
King
Henry's
Daughter
,
to
be
given
in
Marriage
to
the
Dauphin
his
Son
;
but
whilst
this
Match
was
solicited
,
and
by
some
liked
,
and
by
others
disapproved
,
a
Scruple
was
cast
in
the
way
(
as
most
thought
upon
the
secret
intimation
of
Woolsey
,
in
despight
to
the
Emperour
,
because
by
Strength
he
had
not
made
him
Pope
,
when
by
his
Money
and
Policy
he
had
failed
to
obtain
it
)
by
the
President
of
Paris
,
who
Questioned
Whether
the
Lady
was
Legitimate
,
as
Born
in
Lawful
Matrimony
,
seeing
she
was
Begotten
on
the
Body
of
the
Lady
Catharine
,
who
had
been
his
Brother
Arthur
's
Wife
.
This
made
the
Lawfulness
of
the
King's
Marriage
be
called
in
Questian
,
and
himself
so
averse
to
it
,
that
(
by
the
Counsel
of
Doctor
Longland
his
Confessor
,
who
told
him
he
had
Lived
Incestuously
almost
twenty
Years
)
he
forsook
the
Queen's
Bed
,
to
her
great
grief
and
discontent
:
And
however
,
tho'
upon
this
pretence
the
Match
was
broken
off
,
yet
Woolsey
was
sent
over
,
who
concluded
a
Peace
with
the
French
King
.
The
Legality
of
the
King's
Marriage
,
after
this
,
coming
hotly
to
be
Disputed
,
to
determine
which
,
the
Pope
sent
Campeius
with
a
power
Legantine
,
which
he
also
granted
to
Woolsey
;
and
so
the
two
Legates
reparing
to
the
Queen
,
to
Inform
her
of
their
Power
and
Authority
,
which
she
took
very
uneasy
,
sharply
telling
Woolsey
,
He
was
the
first
causer
of
this
scruple
,
to
be
Revenged
on
her
Nephew
,
because
he
had
not
made
him
Pope
;
and
on
her
,
because
she
had
secretly
in
a
loving
and
gentle
manner
,
often
times
Admonished
him
of
his
Coveteousness
and
Tyrany
,
his
Extortions
and
Oppressions
,
his
Pride
and
Lechery
.
But
with
protestations
he
laboured
to
excuse
it
,
as
if
he
had
been
altogether
Ignorant
of
the
matter
,
and
proceeded
to
erect
a
stately
Court
for
himself
and
his
Brother
Cardinal
,
in
the
Black
Fryars
in
London
,
where
the
King
and
Queen
were
Cited
and
Appeared
:
The
King
protested
,
That
nothing
but
his
trouble
of
Conscience
could
make
him
part
with
so
Tender
and
Loving
a
Wife
;
and
if
with
the
removal
of
that
scruple
he
could
Cohabit
with
her
,
he
should
be
exceeding
Joyful
.
But
those
that
knew
what
little
Scruples
this
King
made
in
other
weighty
matters
,
did
not
lean
greatly
on
the
truth
of
what
he
said
;
however
the
Queen
,
advised
by
her
Councel
,
appealed
to
the
Court
of
Rome
.
But
her
Appeal
was
not
allowed
;
and
tho'
the
King
desired
a
quick
dispatch
,
the
business
was
delayed
:
Yet
they
proceeded
to
sit
Weekly
,
and
hear
Learned
Disputes
on
the
matter
.
At
length
the
King
being
informed
,
That
after
the
Last
day
of
July
the
Legates
would
sit
no
more
till
the
Fourth
of
October
;
in
a
great
passion
he
sent
the
Dukes
of
Norfolk
,
Suffolk
,
and
other
Lords
,
to
demand
a
dispatch
to
the
Judicial
Sentence
,
one
way
or
the
other
.
Campeius
Answered
,
It
could
not
be
done
so
soon
,
for
by
the
Yearly
Custom
of
the
Court
of
Rome
,
they
were
bound
to
Adjourn
;
and
if
any
Sentence
in
the
interim
was
given
,
it
was
utterly
void
in
Law
.
At
this
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
in
a
Rage
struck
his
Fist
on
the
Table
,
saying
,
That
never
Cardinal
nor
Legate
did
any
good
in
England
;
and
whilst
the
King
was
expecting
a
final
Determination
,
Campeius
seeing
a
Storm
likely
to
arise
,
thought
fit
to
be
packing
for
Rome
,
pretending
the
Pope
had
sent
for
him
:
Upon
notice
of
this
,
the
King
was
much
perplexed
,
as
knowing
they
designed
to
fix
it
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
to
tire
him
out
with
vast
Expences
and
Delays
;
so
that
from
that
time
Cardinal
Woolsey
began
to
fall
from
his
favour
:
For
having
secretly
promised
a
Divorce
,
yet
fearing
to
displease
the
Court
of
Rome
,
he
had
now
refused
it
.
And
the
next
Term
the
King
caused
his
Attourney
General
to
prefer
an
Indictment
against
him
,
on
the
Statute
of
Premunire
,
on
several
Articles
,
which
being
found
by
the
Grand
Jury
,
he
Confessed
all
the
material
points
by
his
Attourney
:
And
all
his
Promotions
,
except
the
Arch-Bishoprick
of
York
and
the
Bishoprick
of
Winchester
,
were
taken
from
him
;
and
Sir
Thomas
Moor
was
made
Lord
Chancellour
.
The
King
likewise
seized
his
Mass
of
Plate
,
and
Rich
Furniture
,
and
confined
him
to
his
House
at
Asher
near
Kingstone
.
A
Parliament
being
Assembled
,
the
Commons
made
great
complaints
against
the
Clergy
,
exhibiting
divers
Articles
relating
to
their
Pride
,
Luxurious
way
of
Living
,
Trading
as
Husbandmen
,
and
Merchants
,
to
the
Injury
of
those
brought
up
to
it
,
&c.
This
was
strongly
opposed
by
Dr.
Fisher
Bishop
of
Rochester
,
who
Reflecting
on
the
Commons
(
by
saying
,
Now
with
our
Commons
is
nothing
but
Down
with
the
Church
;
and
all
this
is
for
lack
of
Faith
only
)
they
complained
of
it
to
the
King
,
by
Sir
Thomas
Audley
their
Speaker
,
and
others
;
but
the
Bishop
excusing
himself
by
putting
another
Interpretation
on
the
meaning
of
his
Words
,
they
were
contented
with
the
King
's
sharply
reprehending
him
;
and
then
they
proceeded
to
Article
against
Woolsey
under
several
Heads
,
Charging
him
with
Misleading
and
Abusing
the
King
,
wasting
and
purloining
the
Treasure
;
That
in
his
Letters
he
had
Written
I
and
my
King
,
as
if
the
King
had
been
his
Inferiour
,
and
at
his
Command
.
To
be
brief
,
they
loaded
him
with
Pride
,
Cruelty
,
Oppression
,
Lechery
,
Evil
Counsel
,
&c.
However
the
King
,
by
reason
of
his
former
Favour
,
permitted
him
to
retire
to
the
Arch-Bishoprick
of
York
,
and
there
continue
privately
till
further
orders
.
But
he
tampering
with
the
Pope
,
and
being
encouraged
by
his
Letters
to
oppose
the
King
,
and
force
him
if
he
would
not
otherways
comply
,
to
restore
him
to
Favour
,
or
else
by
virtue
of
a
Bull
to
Curse
him
,
and
take
the
power
of
the
Clergy
Government
into
his
own
hands
,
as
the
Popes
Vice
Roy
;
whilst
he
was
in
his
way
to
York
,
and
preparing
for
his
Installment
,
he
was
Arrested
by
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
:
whereupon
he
shewed
the
Meanness
of
his
Spirit
and
Birth
,
as
all
Cruel
,
Proud
Upstarts
usually
do
,
when
they
fall
into
any
affliction
,
though
in
their
prosperity
they
are
regardless
of
others
Calamities
,
but
rather
labour
to
promote
than
decrease
them
:
For
however
upon
his
first
being
seized
,
thinking
to
terrify
the
Earl
,
who
never
bore
any
good-will
towards
him
,
he
told
him
He
was
a
Member
of
the
Colledge
of
Cardinals
at
Rome
,
and
that
neither
the
King
,
nor
any
other
Temporal
Prince
,
could
or
ought
to
Intermeddle
with
him
for
any
Cause
or
Matter
whatsoever
.
But
this
nothing
availing
,
he
fell
into
Tremblings
and
Frights
,
and
when
the
Kings
Letter
was
produced
to
give
him
some
beams
of
Comfort
,
that
he
might
not
altogether
despair
of
Mercy
and
Favour
,
with
a
sordid
Meanness
of
Spirit
,
he
fell
on
his
knees
in
a
dirty
place
,
and
kissed
it
,
shedding
Tears
for
Joy
;
when
in
the
height
of
his
State
and
Pride
,
he
had
accounted
the
King
as
his
Pupil
,
more
than
his
Soveraign
:
For
indeed
his
first
Station
in
the
World
was
an
ordinary
Pedagogue
,
or
Schoolmaster
.
But
at
the
sight
of
Sir
William
Kingstone
,
Constable
of
the
Tower
,
with
a
Guard
of
Yeomen
,
to
convey
him
Prisoner
thither
,
his
fears
so
encreased
,
that
he
fell
Sick
at
Leicester
Abby
,
and
taking
a
strong
Confection
,
which
some
suppose
he
did
purposely
to
Poison
himself
,
he
breathed
his
last
;
saying
a
little
before
he
Dyed
,
If
he
had
Served
his
God
so
faithfully
as
he
had
done
his
King
,
he
would
not
at
that
time
have
cast
him
off
.
And
thus
fell
that
Pageant
of
suddain
Greatness
,
unpitied
by
all
,
Inriching
some
by
his
Death
,
tho'
in
his
Life-time
he
had
Ruined
many
more
.
He
Built
White-Hall
,
a
stately
Colledge
at
Oxford
,
another
at
Ipswich
,
and
many
other
stately
Buildings
;
leaving
much
Money
,
Plate
,
and
Rich
Furniture
,
which
was
seized
to
the
Kings
use
,
who
distributed
part
of
it
,
and
his
Lands
,
among
such
as
had
well
deserved
.
The
King
by
this
time
having
gotten
it
under
the
Seals
of
most
of
the
Universities
in
Christendom
,
That
his
Marriage
was
Unlawful
,
procured
a
Divorce
without
the
Popes
Dispensation
;
and
soon
after
he
Married
Anna
Bullen
,
whom
he
had
Created
Marchioness
of
Pembrook
,
a
Protestant
Lady
,
Daughter
to
the
Lord
Rochford
,
afterwards
Earl
of
Wiltshire
.
Elizabeth
Barton
,
stiled
the
Holy
Maid
of
Kent
,
for
Prophecying
That
if
King
Henry
proceeded
to
the
Divorce
,
and
Married
another
,
he
should
not
be
King
of
England
one
Month
after
,
was
Hanged
,
together
with
Seven
of
her
Desciples
,
at
Tyburn
for
Treason
.
A
Parliament
being
called
,
the
Clergy
therein
totally
submitted
themselves
to
the
King
touching
their
Spiritual
and
Ecclesiastical
Affaires
,
and
the
Pope
was
by
Parliament
utterly
deprived
of
all
Annates
and
First
Fruits
of
Bishopricks
,
and
other
Spiritual
Promotions
:
The
Marriage
with
Queen
Catharine
was
Annulled
,
and
that
with
Queen
Anna
Confirmed
;
and
by
the
same
Act
the
Crown
was
entailed
to
the
King
and
the
Heirs
of
his
Body
(
out
of
which
the
Lady
Mary
was
Excluded
)
and
to
this
all
the
Lords
and
Burgess
present
in
Parliament
were
Sworn
,
except
Doctor
Fisher
Bishop
of
Rochester
and
Sir
Thomas
Moor
,
who
refused
to
do
it
:
Wherefore
they
were
marked
out
by
the
King
for
Destruction
as
a
Terror
to
others
;
for
not
only
Refusing
to
Swear
,
but
Contesting
and
Protesting
against
the
proceedings
of
the
Parliament
,
they
were
sent
to
the
Tower
,
where
upon
denying
the
Kings
Supremacy
,
Ordained
by
another
Act
,
and
atributing
it
to
the
Pope
,
they
were
Accused
,
Tryed
,
Convicted
,
and
Beheaded
:
And
by
this
Act
the
King
was
Acknowledged
to
be
Supream
Head
of
the
Church
in
all
Spiritual
and
Ecclesiastical
Things
and
Causes
,
and
the
Popes
Bulls
,
Pardons
,
Indulgences
,
and
other
Instruments
of
the
like
Nature
,
made
void
:
For
Grief
of
which
,
and
her
own
hard
Usage
,
Queen
Catharine
who
was
stiled
Dowager
,
and
Lived
with
a
small
Attendance
,
Sickened
and
Dyed
;
nor
did
her
Successor
long
survive
her
.
For
some
time
after
Queen
Ann
had
been
safely
delivered
of
the
Princess
Elizabeth
,
(
who
was
afterwards
Queen
of
England
)
a
Conspiracy
was
laid
to
take
away
her
Life
,
supposedly
on
the
account
of
her
Religion
;
for
some
of
the
Romish
party
were
not
without
supposition
she
swayed
much
in
those
Alterations
;
and
therefore
being
Accused
of
Incest
by
some
of
her
Subborned
Bedchamber-Women
,
as
if
she
had
Layn
with
the
Lord
Rochford
,
her
own
Brother
;
the
furious
King
gave
her
up
to
be
Tryed
by
her
Enemies
;
who
found
her
Guilty
of
High
Treason
,
for
that
being
a
Queen
,
she
had
defiled
her
Marriage-Bed
;
and
being
Condemned
,
she
was
Beheaded
on
Tower-Hill
,
protesting
her
Innocency
to
the
last
,
which
most
people
believed
.
The
Lord
Rochford
was
likewise
Executed
,
and
some
of
her
Bedchamber
Attendants
;
but
the
Kings
hasty
Marriage
,
makes
Historians
apt
to
conclude
he
grew
weary
of
her
,
and
doated
on
a
fresh
Beauty
;
for
within
Twenty
Days
he
Wedded
the
Lady
Jane
Seymor
,
a
Beautiful
Young
Gentlewoman
,
who
Dyed
in
Child-Bed
of
Prince
Edward
,
afterward
King
Edward
the
Sixth
;
and
about
this
time
the
Lord
Howard
lost
his
Head
for
Marrying
Margaret
,
Daughter
to
Margaret
Sister
to
the
King
,
and
Archibald
Dowglas
Earl
of
Angus
,
who
Married
the
Queen
Dowager
of
Scotland
;
and
their
Issue
being
so
of
the
Royal
Blood
,
it
was
held
Treason
in
the
Lord
Howard
,
for
Marrying
her
without
King
Henry's
consent
,
to
whom
he
was
a
Subject
;
and
indeed
,
so
Absolute
was
this
King
over
his
Judges
and
Ministers
of
State
,
that
they
rarely
denied
him
any
Head
he
required
,
for
fear
he
should
Quarel
with
them
for
theirs
.
And
now
a
Book
of
Six
Articles
,
called
the
Bloody
Articles
,
from
the
much
Blood
shed
on
that
occasion
,
being
made
publick
,
the
People
rose
in
Arms
Tumultuously
;
but
upon
the
King's
and
his
Generals
Approach
in
Lincolnshire
,
and
the
North
,
they
were
Dispersed
,
and
many
of
the
Ringleaders
Taken
,
and
Executed
.
The
Articles
were
these
:
1.
That
after
the
speaking
the
Words
of
Consecration
by
the
Priest
,
The
Real
Natural
Body
and
Blood
of
Christ
,
as
he
was
Conceived
and
Crucified
,
was
in
the
Sacrament
,
and
no
other
Substance
.
2.
That
the
Communion
in
both
kinds
,
is
not
necessary
to
Salvation
.
3.
That
Priests
may
not
Marry
.
4.
That
Vows
of
Chastity
ought
to
be
observed
by
the
Laws
of
God
.
5.
That
private
Mass
ought
to
be
continued
.
And
6.
That
Auricular
Confession
is
Expedient
to
be
retained
in
the
Church
.
And
upon
the
denyal
of
these
,
many
good
Christians
suffered
the
Flames
;
and
several
Papests
were
Executed
for
denying
the
King's
Supremacy
,
it
being
made
Treason
.
The
Lord
Cromwell
,
a
Blacksmiths
Son
of
Putney
in
Surry
,
who
had
a
long
time
Served
Wolsey
and
by
the
King
raised
upon
the
fall
of
that
Favourite
,
was
made
Vicar
General
of
Ecclesastical
Affairs
,
and
soon
after
created
Earl
of
Essex
;
and
to
please
the
King
by
Enriching
him
,
for
complaining
of
the
Lewd
Lives
of
the
Monks
,
Fryars
,
Nuns
,
and
their
Superiours
,
who
Lived
in
Luxury
and
Ease
,
on
the
spoil
and
labour
of
others
,
he
was
soon
incited
to
harken
to
his
Advice
;
so
that
laying
before
him
the
great
Sums
that
would
accrue
to
his
Treasury
by
the
suppression
of
those
Houses
,
he
considering
what
Wolsey
had
done
by
the
Popes
Approbation
and
Authority
,
resolved
to
make
havock
of
the
rest
;
and
accordingly
calling
a
Parliament
at
Westminster
,
he
procured
them
to
be
suppressed
;
and
tho'
most
of
the
Religious
Houses
were
Demolished
,
yet
at
a
Rate
no
doubt
half
the
value
,
the
Account
given
in
to
the
King
was
183707
l.
13
s.
per
Annum
.
And
intending
Posterity
should
not
be
enabled
to
Restore
them
again
to
their
former
Uses
,
he
liberally
exchanged
the
Abby-Lands
,
&c.
with
the
Gentry
,
for
Lands
of
a
less
value
;
so
that
at
this
day
most
of
the
principal
Estate
,
or
great
part
of
them
,
consist
of
possessions
of
that
nature
.
This
was
followed
with
a
very
bloody
Execution
,
for
the
King
being
Jealous
that
many
dealt
with
Cardinal
Pool
,
who
was
beyond
Seas
,
to
prevail
with
the
Pope
and
King
of
France
,
by
Force
to
restore
the
Rights
of
the
Roman
Catholick
Church
,
it
was
improved
so
far
by
such
Evidence
as
were
produced
,
that
the
Marquess
of
Exceter
,
Henry
Pool
,
Lord
Montacute
,
and
Sir
Nicholas
Cary
,
Knight
of
the
Garter
,
and
Master
of
the
King's
Horse
,
were
Beheaded
;
and
on
the
same
account
,
within
a
few
Months
after
,
the
Lady
Margaret
Countess
of
Salisbury
,
Mother
to
Cardinal
Pool
,
and
Daughter
to
the
Duke
of
Clarence
,
Brother
to
Edward
the
Fourth
;
also
Gartrude
Widow
to
the
Marquess
of
Exceter
,
Sir
Adrian
Fortescue
,
and
divers
others
,
were
Executed
,
insomuch
that
the
Hangman
of
those
times
is
said
to
have
complained
,
That
he
was
weary
of
shedding
Blood
.
Soon
after
this
,
the
Irish
Rebelled
under
O
Ne●i
,
O
Donel
,
and
others
,
but
were
soon
suppressed
by
the
Lord
Grey
Deputy
of
Ireland
.
And
now
the
Lord
Cromwell
,
being
high
in
favour
with
the
King
,
Enterprized
a
business
that
not
only
tumbled
him
from
the
ticklish
Pinacle
of
Honour
where
he
stood
,
but
also
cost
him
his
Life
.
The
King
by
the
Death
of
the
Lady
Jane
Seymour
was
a
Widower
;
and
that
he
might
not
lye
pensive
alone
,
Cromwell
undertook
to
provide
him
a
Wife
,
and
proposed
the
Lady
Ann
of
Cleve
,
Alluring
him
with
flattering
Pictures
,
and
unmerited
immoderate
Commendations
of
her
Beauty
and
Parts
;
but
indeed
,
tho'
she
was
very
Religious
,
and
replenished
with
many
Virtues
,
in
Person
and
Countenance
she
was
neither
well
Composed
,
Fair
,
nor
Lovely
;
yet
on
Cromwell's
Commendations
,
the
Match
was
concluded
;
and
the
Lady
brought
over
in
great
State
:
But
when
the
King
met
her
on
Black-Heath
,
at
the
first
sight
he
took
a
dislike
;
insomuch
that
although
he
was
Married
to
her
four
Years
,
he
in
all
that
time
had
not
(
as
he
protested
)
any
Carnal
knowledge
of
her
,
nor
ever
could
have
any
desires
that
way
when
in
private
with
her
;
whereupon
in
a
Convocation
of
the
Clergy
,
by
an
Authentick
Instrument
under
the
Seals
of
the
two
Arch-Bishops
,
the
Marriage
was
declared
void
,
and
that
the
Lady
might
take
another
Husband
when
she
pleased
;
and
it
was
made
Treason
for
any
to
Write
or
Say
the
contrary
;
and
the
King
being
in
haste
,
Married
the
Lady
Catharine
Howard
,
Daughter
to
the
Lord
Edmund
Howard
,
Brother
to
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
.
The
Wedding
was
no
sooner
over
,
but
the
King
gave
way
to
the
Enemies
of
the
Lord
Cromwell
,
who
Exhibited
a
Bill
against
him
in
Parliament
for
Treason
,
Misprison
of
Treason
,
and
Heresie
;
and
so
far
they
prevailed
,
by
the
King's
altogether
withdrawing
his
Favour
and
Protection
from
him
,
that
he
with
the
Lord
Hungerford
lost
his
Head
on
Tower-Hill
.
And
soon
after
the
new
Queen
Catharine
was
Accused
for
having
been
Familliar
before
her
Marriage
with
one
Francis
Dorham
,
and
after
with
one
Thomas
Culpeper
;
but
whether
it
be
True
or
False
,
the
two
Gentlemen
lost
their
Lives
,
as
did
the
Queen
and
Lady
Rochford
,
who
was
accused
of
Introducing
Culpeper
,
at
a
time
he
stay'd
five
Hours
privately
with
the
Queen
,
on
her
Progress
,
and
returned
Gifted
with
a
Chain
and
Rich
Cap.
And
in
this
Parliament
the
King
was
Proclaimed
King
of
Ireland
,
which
Title
his
Predecessors
never
had
,
being
only
stiled
Lords
of
Ireland
.
The
King
,
unwilling
yet
to
Lye
alone
,
took
to
Wife
the
Lady
Catharine
Par
,
Widow
to
the
Lord
Lattimer
;
who
in
the
end
of
his
Reign
was
in
a
fair
possibility
to
have
lost
her
Head
,
if
her
Vertue
,
Modesty
,
and
the
King's
Death
,
had
not
reserved
her
to
a
better
Fortune
.
However
,
the
Lord
Grey
,
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
lost
his
Head
,
for
winking
(
as
it
was
alledged
against
him
)
at
the
Irish
entering
within
the
English
Pale
,
and
not
timely
Repelling
them
.
Sir
Edmund
Knevet
of
Norfolk
,
having
been
Arraigned
before
the
Green
Cloth
,
for
Striking
one
Mr.
Clear
of
Norfolk
within
the
Tennis
Court
of
the
King's
House
,
and
being
found
Guilty
,
he
had
Judgment
to
lose
his
Right
Hand
,
and
to
forfeit
all
his
Lands
and
Goods
,
and
all
things
being
prepared
for
the
Execution
of
this
Sentence
,
and
Sir
Edmund
brought
in
,
the
Chief
Justice
declared
his
Offence
,
which
he
Confessed
,
and
humbly
submitted
himself
to
the
King's
Mercy
,
only
he
desired
the
King
would
spare
his
Right
Hand
,
and
take
his
Left
;
For
,
said
he
,
if
my
Right
Hand
be
spared
,
I
may
Live
to
do
the
King
good
Services
▪
Of
which
Submission
and
Saying
when
the
King
was
informed
,
he
ordered
he
should
lose
neither
of
his
Hands
,
and
Pardoned
him
also
as
to
his
Lands
and
Goods
.
The
Scots
had
lain
still
a
long
while
;
but
now
began
under
James
the
Fifth
,
their
Young
King
,
to
make
great
Disturbances
;
but
after
some
Bickerings
,
and
much
Spoil
in
either
Country
,
they
were
Overthrown
;
and
the
Earls
of
Cassels
and
Glencarn
,
the
Lords
Maxwell
,
Fleming
,
Sommervel
,
Oliphant
,
Gray
and
Car
,
were
made
Prisoners
,
and
many
Slain
.
The
News
of
this
Overthrow
so
perplexed
King
James
,
That
falling
into
a
deep
Grief
and
Melancholly
,
he
Dyed
a
week
after
,
leaving
only
a
Daughter
to
Succeed
him
,
who
was
then
but
newly
Born
,
and
Christened
Mary
.
Upon
notice
of
whose
Birth
,
when
he
lay
Sick
,
he
burst
out
in
this
Prophetical
Saying
,
It
came
with
a
Lass
,
(
meaning
the
Crown
)
and
it
will
go
with
a
Lass
.
Soon
after
the
King
of
Scots
Death
,
the
Lords
that
were
Prisoners
in
England
,
to
curry
favour
,
for
their
Liberty
,
proposed
a
Match
between
Prince
Edward
,
Henry's
Son
,
and
their
Young
Queen
;
which
was
kindly
accepted
.
The
Match
being
proposed
to
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
,
they
seemed
highly
to
approve
it
,
ratifying
a
Writing
under
the
Hands
and
Seals
of
the
Nobility
,
as
also
with
their
Oaths
,
yet
the
French
Faction
so
prevailed
,
that
it
came
to
nothing
.
But
King
Henry
enraged
to
be
thus
abused
,
sent
a
powerful
Army
into
Scotland
,
which
spoiled
the
Country
,
taking
several
Towns
and
great
Plunder
;
nor
was
the
King
flow
to
pass
over
to
France
,
where
laying
Siege
to
Bullen
,
he
had
it
yielded
to
him
,
and
having
Fortified
it
,
returned
into
England
to
raise
Money
for
a
Supply
of
the
War
which
(
tho'
the
Emperour
without
his
consent
had
made
a
Peace
with
France
)
he
resolved
vigorously
to
prosecute
;
and
because
Richard
Read
,
an
Alderman
,
refused
Sir
Thomas
Wryothsltey
the
Chancellor
,
the
Supply
he
demanded
of
him
,
he
was
compelled
in
Person
to
Serve
the
King
in
his
Wars
against
the
Scots
,
by
whom
he
was
taken
Prisoner
,
and
paid
a
large
Ransom
.
And
soon
after
the
French
were
worsted
by
Sea
,
and
Land
,
and
the
Scots
Routed
,
who
Invaded
England
,
and
followed
into
their
Country
:
Whereupon
Peace
ensued
between
England
and
France
.
Soon
after
the
King
cavelling
with
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
and
his
Son
the
Earl
of
Surry
,
for
bearing
in
their
Escutchion
certain
Arms
appropriated
to
the
King
and
Prince
only
,
tho'
they
had
been
born
by
his
Ancestors
time
out
of
mind
unquestioned
;
being
Indicted
for
High
Treason
,
they
were
both
Condemned
:
The
Son
was
Beheaded
,
and
the
Father
escaped
by
the
King's
Death
,
which
soon
ensued
,
viz.
on
Tuesday
the
28th
of
January
Anno
Dom.
1546
,
in
the
56th
Year
of
his
Age
,
when
he
had
Reigned
37
Years
,
9
Months
,
and
6
Days
.
He
was
Buryed
with
much
pomp
and
Funeral
solemnity
in
the
Chappel
at
Windsor
.
In
this
King's
time
happened
a
great
Famin
,
viz.
1527
,
upon
the
falling
of
a
violent
Raine
,
November
,
December
and
January
;
and
from
the
12th
of
April
every
day
till
the
3d
of
June
.
Anno
1545
,
William
Foxley
Potmaker
to
the
Mint
,
Slept
in
the
Tower
of
London
,
not
being
by
any
mean●
to
be
Waked
,
14
Days
and
15
Nights
;
and
when
he
waked
it
seemed
to
him
but
as
one
Night
.
The
Number
of
Religious
Houses
Suppressed
were
Monasteries
313
,
Priories
290
,
Friaries
122
,
Nunneries
142
,
Colledges
152
,
Hospitals
129
,
and
their
Inhabitants
turned
out
to
wander
in
the
Fields
,
after
long
Ease
and
Luxury
.
Remarks
on
Yorkshire
in
its
three
Ridings
.
THis
is
the
largest
Shire
in
England
,
and
not
inferiour
to
some
of
the
biggest
Provinces
in
France
.
It
is
divided
into
three
Parts
or
Ridings
,
viz.
The
North
,
East
,
and
West
Ridings
.
It
produces
store
of
Horses
,
large
Cattle
,
Sheep
,
and
in
many
places
very
good
Corn
and
Pastures
,
great
quantities
of
Woollen
Cloth
;
and
very
Subtil
People
.
It
is
Bounded
with
the
Bishoprick
of
Du●ham
,
the
German
Ocian
,
Lincolnshire
,
Derbyshire
,
Lancashire
,
and
Westmoreland
:
It
contains
26
Hundreds
,
563
Parishes
,
57
Marker
Towns
,
36
Rivers
of
which
the
Humber
is
the
chief
,
1
City
,
which
is
an
Archiepiscopal
See
,
viz.
York
,
14
Castles
,
62
Bridges
,
4
Chases
,
●
Forrests
,
and
72
Parks
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
30
,
viz.
Alborough
2
,
Beverly
2
,
Borrough-Bridge
2
,
Hildon
2
,
Hull
2
,
Knarseborough
2
,
Malton
2
,
North-Alerton
2
,
Pomfret
2
,
Richmond
2
,
Rippon
2
,
Scarborough
2
,
Thrisk
2
,
York
City
2
,
and
2
Knights
of
the
Shire
.
YORK
SHIRE
By
I
:
Seller
map of Yorkshire
This
Shire
affoards
store
of
Iron
,
Pit-Coal
,
and
Sea-Coal
;
at
Whitby
are
Stones
of
a
Serpentine
figure
;
near
Burrough
Bridge
are
4
Piramidal
Stones
,
supposed
some
Roman
Monument
;
on
Rosemary
Topping
are
Stones
found
like
Sea
Wincles
and
Cockles
;
at
Giglesworth
are
3
Springs
,
one
of
which
constantly
Ebbs
and
Flows
four
times
an
Hour
;
in
the
North
are
Ting-tong
Wells
,
said
to
be
three
Miles
in
the
Earth
;
and
near
Knarsborough
the
Well
Dripa
,
whose
Water
distills
from
a
Rock
that
hangs
over
it
.
The
Castles
of
note
are
those
of
Sheffield
,
Coningsborough
,
Tickil
,
Sandal
,
Harwood
,
Knasborough
,
Cawood
,
Scarborough
,
Kilton
,
Skelton
,
&c.
On
Wakefield
Bridge
stands
a
Chappel
Founded
by
Edward
the
Fourth
,
in
memory
of
the
Battel
fought
there
;
near
Flamborough-Head
are
Waters
called
Vipsies
,
which
flow
out
of
the
Springs
every
other
Year
,
and
fall
violently
into
the
Sea
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Sheffeild-Mannor
,
belonging
to
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
;
Bishops-Hill
and
Hemsey
Castle
,
to
the
late
Duke
of
Buckingham
;
Slingsby
Castle
,
to
the
Honourable
Family
of
New-castle
;
Snap
,
to
the
Earl
of
Exceter
;
Markin-field
,
to
the
Earl
of
Bridgwater
;
Mulgrave
Castle
,
to
the
Earl
of
Mulgrave
;
Shipton
Castle
,
to
the
Earl
of
Thanet
;
Nawort
Castle
,
to
the
Earl
of
Carlisle
;
Wharlton
Castle
and
Javoux
Abby
,
to
the
Earl
of
Ailesbury
;
Lounsborough
,
Bolton
,
and
Braden
Tower
,
to
the
Earl
of
Burlington
;
Hall
and
Wimbledon
,
to
the
Duke
of
Leeds
;
Thorn-Hill
,
to
the
Earl
of
Macclesfield
;
Hackforth
,
Anderly
Le
Miers
,
to
the
Earl
of
Holderness
;
Newborough
Abby
,
Coxwold
Hall
,
Oulston
Hall
,
Aldwark
and
Murton
,
to
the
Lord
Faulconberg
;
Wressel
Castle
,
to
the
Duke
of
Richmond
;
Easby
Hall
,
to
the
Lord
Eure
,
Baron
of
Witton
;
Wheldrake
,
to
the
Lord
Howard
of
Escrick
;
Holm
in
Spadingmore
,
and
Dalton
,
to
the
Lord
Lexinton
;
Wilton
Castle
,
to
the
Lord
Cornwallis
;
Bishopsthorp
,
to
the
Arch-Bishop
of
the
Province
.
The
Reign
of
King
EDWARD
the
Sixth
.
EDWARD
the
Sixth
,
the
only
Son
of
Henry
the
Eighth
,
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
,
January
28
,
Anno
Dom.
1547
,
and
Edward
Seymour
,
Created
Duke
of
Somerset
,
Unkle
to
the
King
by
the
Mothers
side
,
constituted
Protector
of
the
King's
Person
and
of
the
Realm
,
during
his
Minority
;
and
was
sent
by
the
Estates
into
Scotland
,
to
require
their
Young
Queen
in
Marriage
with
Edward
,
as
had
been
agreed
between
them
and
the
King's
Father
;
but
they
refusing
,
a
Battel
was
fought
,
in
which
the
Scots
were
Routed
,
and
14000
of
them
Slain
,
among
which
were
divers
of
the
Nobility
;
whereupon
a
great
many
Towns
and
Castles
fell
into
the
hands
of
the
English
.
This
Battel
was
fought
at
Musselburg
the
10th
of
September
,
in
which
the
whole
Power
of
that
Kingdom
was
so
broken
,
that
in
many
Years
they
could
not
recover
their
former
Strength
.
However
the
Winter
coming
on
,
the
English
Army
retired
into
the
Northern
Borders
.
The
next
thing
taken
in
hand
was
to
reform
Religion
;
and
after
some
contests
,
King
Henry's
disannuling
the
Pope's
Supremacy
,
was
confirmed
,
and
whatsoever
in
his
time
had
been
Enacted
against
the
Authority
of
the
See
of
Rome
:
Images
and
Statues
were
cast
out
of
the
Churches
;
The
Clergy
allowed
to
Marry
;
The
Liturgy
,
or
Common
Prayer
,
turned
into
English
;
The
Sacrament
administred
in
both
kinds
;
Auricular
Confession
abrogated
;
The
Scriptures
permitted
publickly
to
be
Read
in
English
;
Mass
and
Praying
for
the
Dead
silenced
;
and
such
of
the
Popish
Clergy
as
would
not
Conform
to
this
,
outed
;
as
Gardner
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
Bonner
of
London
,
Tanstall
of
Durham
,
Day
of
Chichester
,
and
some
others
;
Gardener
for
contempt
was
Imprisoned
;
and
most
of
the
Bishopricks
seized
into
the
King's
hands
,
and
bestowed
on
such
as
would
Conform
,
tho'
the
Nobles
much
fleeced
the
Churches
Patrimony
to
enrich
themselves
.
The
Scots
by
this
time
having
taken
breath
,
surprised
Humes
and
Fas-Castle
,
Garisoned
by
the
English
,
and
slew
most
they
found
therein
,
through
the
carelesness
of
the
Centinels
;
which
made
the
Earl
of
Rutland
demolish
Haddington
,
as
a
place
not
tenable
,
and
so
retired
with
the
Garrison
into
England
.
And
a
contention
arising
between
the
Duke
of
Somerset
Protector
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Seymour
his
Younger
Brother
,
who
was
Lord
Admiral
,
upon
a
Quarrel
happening
between
their
Wives
,
the
latter
having
Married
Queen
Catharine
Par
,
Widow
to
Henry
the
Eighth
,
it
went
so
far
,
that
the
Admiral
was
Accused
in
Parliament
of
High
Treason
,
in
Conspiring
to
get
the
King
into
his
hands
,
and
by
Marrying
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
to
whom
indeed
he
formerly
made
Courtship
,
in
her
Right
,
when
the
King
should
be
made
away
,
to
Claim
the
Kingdom
;
and
so
unheard
,
being
Attainted
,
he
was
Executed
on
a
Scaffold
at
Tower-Hill
,
protesting
to
the
last
his
Innocency
touching
the
matter
laid
to
his
charge
;
and
his
Brother
was
by
most
blamed
,
for
permitting
him
so
easily
to
be
cut
off
,
and
found
,
in
the
end
,
that
it
was
chiefly
contrived
by
his
secret
Enemies
,
to
lay
him
the
opener
to
Destruction
,
which
he
Escaped
not
.
In
these
times
of
Reformation
,
Bucer
,
Phagus
,
and
Peter
Martyr
,
three
Learned
German
Divines
,
came
over
,
but
the
two
former
soon
Dying
,
Martyr
Disputed
at
Oxford
about
the
Sacraments
,
and
other
material
Points
;
and
caused
a
Book
of
the
Disputation
to
be
Printed
,
which
opened
the
Eyes
of
many
to
see
God's
Truth
,
that
by
Popish
Superstition
,
Error
and
Ignorance
,
had
a
long
time
been
darkened
.
However
the
Popish
Clergy
stirred
up
divers
to
Rebel
in
Devonshire
,
Cornwal
,
and
other
parts
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
especially
to
the
City
of
Exceter
,
which
City
for
its
Loyalty
and
stout
Resistance
,
had
not
long
after
the
Manner
of
Exilond
bestowed
upon
it
by
the
King
,
and
in
memory
of
their
deliverance
from
a
Sack
that
time
,
the
Citizens
keep
the
6th
of
August
,
on
which
the
Rebels
were
Beaten
off
,
yearly
Holyday
;
and
indeed
they
were
so
obstinate
,
that
till
they
had
been
four
times
worsted
by
the
Lord
Russel
,
they
gave
not
over
,
tho'
the
King
offered
them
pardon
;
however
many
of
the
Ringleaders
being
Taken
,
were
Executed
;
and
among
others
the
Mayor
of
Bodmin
was
Hanged
;
also
a
Millers
Man
,
who
took
upon
him
his
Masters
Name
and
Cause
,
till
seeing
he
was
about
to
Suffer
,
he
recanted
and
cryed
out
,
He
was
not
the
Miller
but
his
Man
,
and
that
his
Master
Ordered
him
to
do
what
he
had
done
.
To
which
Sir
Anthony
Kingston
,
Marshal
of
the
Field
,
told
him
,
He
could
never
do
his
Master
better
Service
than
to
Hang
for
him
;
and
so
not
being
credited
,
he
was
turned
off
.
Long
these
Western
Troubles
had
not
been
alayed
,
but
others
broke
out
as
dangerous
in
the
north
,
under
pretence
of
throwing
down
Inclosures
and
Parks
,
that
had
been
taken
from
the
Waste
,
which
the
Common
sort
of
people
claimed
as
their
Right
.
This
was
chiefly
Headed
by
Robert
Ket
,
who
took
the
City
of
Norwich
.
But
the
Lord
Dudley
put
them
to
the
Rout
,
caused
Ket
to
be
Hanged
in
Chaines
on
the
top
of
the
Castle
,
and
60
others
in
divers
places
,
9
of
them
in
the
Oak
of
Reformation
,
a
Tree
in
which
Ket
used
to
sit
to
Judg
and
Determine
of
their
intended
purposes
and
proceeding
,
as
also
to
order
Parties
out
to
Plunder
the
Houses
of
such
as
he
judged
not
well
affected
to
their
Cause
.
In
Yorkshire
others
Rose
under
the
Leading
of
William
Omble
,
a
Yeoman
,
Thomas
Dale
,
a
Parish-Clerk
,
and
one
Stephens
a
Postmaster
;
but
the
King
sending
down
his
Pardon
,
the
common
sort
left
their
Leaders
to
be
Lead
to
York
,
where
they
were
Executed
.
The
French
taking
the
Advantage
of
these
Tumults
,
Besieged
Bullen
,
and
sent
a
Fleet
to
pillage
the
Islands
of
Jersey
and
Guernsey
;
from
the
Islands
they
were
beaten
with
the
loss
of
1000
Men
,
and
few
on
our
side
;
but
on
the
Main
Land
having
won
the
out-works
of
Bullen
,
whilst
they
pretended
to
Parley
with
the
English
,
they
forcibly
entered
the
Town
,
and
after
that
,
soon
reduced
all
the
Forts
and
Castles
near
it
,
except
Guisness
,
which
held
out
till
the
Winter
made
them
raise
the
Siege
.
You
have
heard
how
the
Lord
Admiral
was
removed
out
of
the
way
,
and
now
the
Duke
of
Somerset
his
Brother
is
to
go
next
:
For
his
greatest
Enemy
,
Budley
Earl
of
Warwick
,
delay'd
not
to
make
a
strong
Party
against
him
;
upon
secret
notice
of
which
,
he
being
with
the
King
at
Hampton
Court
,
sent
dispatches
to
the
Lord
Mayor
and
Aldermen
of
London
,
immediately
to
send
him
1000
Armed
Men
to
defend
the
King's
Person
,
and
himself
,
against
the
Treachery
and
Violence
that
threatened
them
;
and
that
Night
removed
with
the
King
to
Windsor
Castle
;
upon
this
,
the
Earl
of
Warwick
Assembled
the
Privy
Counsellours
,
and
other
Nobles
,
at
London
,
making
grievous
complaints
against
the
Duke
,
and
amongst
others
,
That
he
had
laid
wait
for
his
Head
;
and
so
Inveagled
them
,
that
they
joyned
with
him
to
send
their
Letters
to
the
Citizens
to
Levy
Forces
for
their
use
,
in
order
to
Rescue
the
King
out
of
the
hands
of
his
Enemies
;
and
as
the
chief
of
them
,
they
named
the
Protector
;
sending
abroad
Proclamations
wherein
they
lay'd
many
grievous
Crimes
to
his
charge
,
as
his
Male
Administration
of
Government
,
and
the
great
Mischiefs
that
had
thereby
befallen
the
Kingdom
;
his
converting
the
Publick
Treasure
to
his
Private
Vse
,
his
endeavouring
to
set
the
Peers
at
Variance
,
&c.
The
Duke
upon
this
,
finding
●he
Londoners
denyed
him
Aid
,
but
on
the
contrary
had
assisted
his
Adversary
Warwick
with
400
Armed
Men
,
who
had
drawn
most
of
the
Peers
to
his
side
,
and
that
contrary
to
his
expectation
,
he
was
left
in
a
manner
alone
;
he
now
too
late
saw
his
Brothers
Fall
was
contrived
to
usher
in
his
:
However
putting
the
best
construction
on
the
matter
,
he
sent
a
Messenger
to
them
,
desiring
they
would
forbear
all
rough
proceedings
,
and
deal
with
him
according
to
Law
and
Right
;
which
they
promising
to
do
,
he
yielded
himself
and
the
King's
Person
into
their
hands
;
and
was
committed
to
the
Tower
,
together
with
Sir
Thomas
Stanhop
,
Sir
Thomas
Smith
,
and
others
,
his
Favourites
;
but
having
been
a
Prisoner
3
Months
,
and
nothing
made
out
against
him
,
upon
acknowledging
himself
worthy
of
the
punishment
he
suffered
,
and
begging
the
King's
Pardon
,
he
was
set
at
Liberty
,
but
deposed
from
his
Protectorship
;
and
by
the
more
Peaceable
Nobility
,
the
Earl
of
Warwick
and
he
were
made
Friends
;
and
to
bind
it
the
firmer
,
the
Earls
Eldest
Son
was
Married
to
the
Dukes
Daughter
;
and
new
Honours
bestowed
on
persons
that
had
well
deserved
,
viz
,
John
Lord
Russet
,
was
created
Earl
of
Bedford
;
William
Lord
St.
John
,
Earl
of
Wiltshire
,
Sir
William
Paget
Lord
Paget
;
and
soon
after
the
King
called
a
Parliament
at
Westminster
,
wherein
was
Enacted
a
Statute
for
the
punishment
of
Rebells
and
Riotous
Assemblies
;
upon
which
ensuing
Statute
,
the
Duke
was
about
two
Years
after
Condemned
.
The
Parliament
being
ended
,
the
Earl
of
Bedford
and
Lord
Paget
were
sent
Ambassadors
with
other
Assistants
,
to
France
,
and
the
Emperour
;
by
whose
means
a
Peace
was
concluded
upon
divers
Articles
advantageous
to
the
English
,
and
the
Queen
of
Scots
was
included
in
it
;
and
it
was
Proclaimed
with
great
Joy
in
the
City
of
London
.
Now
all
the
high
Altars
being
taken
down
in
the
Churches
,
Tables
were
placed
in
their
stead
,
for
receiving
the
Communion
;
and
Sir
Andrew
Jude
builded
the
Free-School
at
Tunbridge
,
and
six
Alms-houses
in
St.
Hellins
within
Bishopsgate
:
And
the
Book
of
Common
Prayer
,
which
had
in
some
part
been
Corrected
and
Amended
,
was
appointed
by
Parliament
to
be
Read
in
all
Churches
and
Chappels
.
In
Aprill
Anno
1551.
An
unaccountable
Sweating
Sickness
happened
,
and
held
till
October
;
of
which
vast
numbers
of
people
dyed
:
Most
that
were
taken
with
it
dying
in
24
Hours
,
or
sooner
;
it
seizing
mostly
on
lusty
young
Men
,
and
very
little
on
Women
,
Children
,
or
aged
people
;
and
of
it
dyed
Henry
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
and
his
brother
,
Sons
to
Charles
Brandon
Duke
of
Suffolk
;
both
of
the
Royal
Blood
by
the
Mothers
side
,
viz
Mary
younger
Sister
to
Henry
the
8th
:
So
that
the
Dukdome
fell
to
Henry
Grey
Marquess
of
Dorset
,
who
had
marryed
the
Lady
Frances
,
Eldest
Daughter
to
Brandon
,
and
Mary
his
Wife
.
And
now
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
growing
powerful
,
and
labouring
to
get
the
King
at
his
disposal
,
to
bring
his
purposes
about
,
found
he
could
not
do
it
unless
the
Duke
of
Somerset
were
Removed
:
And
the
feud
growing
hot
between
them
,
the
Duke
of
Somerset
(
by
the
perswasion
of
some
private
Enemies
,
Employed
by
his
Adversary
)
went
Armed
to
the
Council
under
his
Surcoat
;
where
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
feignedly
pretending
to
Clasp
him
about
,
as
in
Friendship
,
discovered
his
Coat
of
Male
,
and
found
Weapons
about
him
.
Whereupon
Northumberland
laying
hold
on
the
opportunity
,
Charged
him
with
an
Intention
to
have
Murthered
some
of
the
Kings
Privy
Counsellors
,
and
afterwards
produced
Witnesses
to
aver
,
he
had
before
come
with
Armed
Men
to
attempt
his
Life
,
but
that
his
Courage
failed
him
;
and
one
of
his
followers
,
when
he
returned
,
demanding
if
he
had
done
it
,
and
he
saying
No
,
replyed
,
then
you
are
undone
:
Upon
this
,
with
divers
of
his
Favorites
,
he
was
sent
to
the
Tower
;
and
process
being
drawn
up
against
him
,
he
was
Tryed
by
his
Peers
in
Westminster
Hall
,
on
two
Articles
.
1.
For
High
Treason
,
viz.
That
he
had
not
only
Imprudently
but
Treacherously
administered
the
weighty
affairs
of
Government
.
2.
For
Conspiring
the
Death
of
Northumberland
,
who
was
a
Privy
Counsellor
,
which
by
the
new
Law
was
Fellony
;
Of
the
former
he
Acquitted
himself
;
wherupon
the
Ax
being
taken
away
,
such
a
shout
arose
in
the
Hall
among
the
Common
People
,
that
it
was
heard
to
Charing
Cross
;
but
on
the
other
Article
he
was
found
Guilty
and
Condemned
;
but
it
was
a
considerable
time
before
they
could
constrain
the
King
to
Sign
the
Warrant
for
his
Execution
:
which
he
did
,
not
without
Tears
;
Saying
he
was
the
unhappyest
Creature
Living
:
For
at
his
Birth
he
had
been
the
Death
of
his
Mother
:
And
had
since
(
tho
,
against
his
Inclination
)
signed
the
Death
of
one
of
her
Brothers
;
and
now
they
urged
him
to
do
the
like
for
the
Noble
Duke
his
Vncle
;
and
therfore
concluded
,
the
Lord
Judge
between
me
and
you
,
that
Constrain
me
to
do
this
against
my
mind
.
However
having
got
the
Warrant
signed
,
they
hastened
the
Duke's
Execution
;
and
diverted
the
Kings
Melancholly
(
the
mean
while
)
with
Balls
,
Plays
,
and
Musick
.
And
so
infatuated
was
this
Great
Man
,
that
according
to
the
opinion
of
divers
,
had
he
thought
upon
demanding
his
Clergy
,
he
might
have
saved
his
Life
,
his
Crime
by
the
new
Act
being
only
Fellony
.
However
he
made
a
very
Pennitent
and
Christian-like
end
,
much
bewailing
he
had
forwarded
his
Brothers
Destruction
,
and
now
saw
it
brought
his
own
upon
himself
,
by
opening
a
way
to
his
Enemies
.
He
lost
his
Head
on
Tower-Hill
,
and
was
much
Lamented
by
all
sorts
of
people
,
except
his
enveterate
Enemies
,
who
Rejoyced
at
his
removal
to
another
World
;
and
in
his
fall
many
of
his
Favourits
bo●e
their
part
,
by
Northumberland's
contrivance
,
viz.
Sir
Ralph
Vane
and
Sir
Thomas
Arundel
,
Beheaded
for
Conspiring
with
Somerset
to
Kill
Northumberland
,
the
latter
of
which
declared
his
Blood
should
be
a
Bolster
for
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
as
long
as
he
Lived
,
(
intimating
thereby
he
should
have
a
troubled
Conscience
)
and
all
of
them
professed
their
Innocency
to
the
last
,
as
to
the
Crimes
they
were
charged
with
.
Doctor
Ridley
,
Bishop
of
London
,
Preaching
before
the
Young
King
of
the
excellency
of
Charity
and
Alms-deeds
,
he
was
so
affected
with
his
Sermon
,
that
thinking
he
directly
pointed
at
him
,
who
was
in
the
highest
Station
,
after
the
Sermon
was
ended
,
he
held
a
private
Conferrence
with
him
how
he
might
effectually
bestow
his
Charity
;
who
advised
him
to
send
for
the
Mayor
and
Aldermen
of
London
,
who
would
give
him
satisfaction
in
that
matter
,
as
being
most
acquainted
with
the
needs
of
the
Poor
;
which
he
did
;
and
after
consulting
with
them
,
allotted
them
Christs
Hospital
(
formerly
the
Grey
Fryars
of
St.
Francis
Order
)
St.
Thomas's
Hospital
,
and
Bridewel
,
dividing
the
Poor
into
three
Ranks
,
1.
Poor
by
Impotency
.
2.
The
Poor
by
Casualty
.
3.
The
Thriftless
Poor
.
And
soon
after
this
,
the
King
fell
Sick
of
a
Languishing
Disease
,
which
began
with
a
Hectick
Feaver
,
and
by
degrees
inclined
to
a
Consumption
:
When
Northumberland
who
had
gotten
the
power
into
his
hands
,
was
Plotting
how
(
if
the
King
Dyed
)
he
might
get
the
Crown
into
his
Family
,
and
at
last
concluded
to
lay
his
Project
with
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
which
was
,
That
his
Youngest
Son
Dudley
Lord
Gilford
,
should
Marry
the
Duke
of
Suffolk's
Eldest
Daughter
,
the
Lady
Jane
,
who
was
of
the
Blood
Royal
;
and
that
they
would
prevail
with
the
King
to
Disinherit
his
two
Sisters
,
and
by
his
Will
appoint
her
Queen
,
if
the
Dutchess
of
Suffolk
would
be
so
contented
,
whose
Right
was
before
her
Daughter
.
And
indeed
,
this
Northumberland
prevailed
with
the
Languishing
King
to
do
,
under
a
specious
pretence
of
securing
the
Reformed
Religion
;
on
which
,
to
serve
his
ends
,
he
laid
a
mighty
stress
,
tho'
himself
was
not
much
concern'd
for
any
,
as
will
appear
in
the
next
Reign
.
Upon
this
account
divers
Marriages
were
contracted
,
and
the
Nuptials
celebrated
,
viz.
The
Pious
and
Virtuous
Lady
Jane
,
Eldest
Daughter
to
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
in
a
fatal
hour
was
Married
to
the
Lord
Guilford
Dudley
,
Fourth
Son
to
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
;
for
all
his
other
Sons
were
Matched
before
:
Catharine
,
another
Daughter
of
the
Earl
of
Suffolk's
,
was
Married
to
the
Earl
of
Pembrooks
eldest
Son
;
and
Mary
a
third
Daughter
,
some
what
deformed
,
to
Caies
,
the
Kings
Master
Porter
;
and
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
gave
Catharine
,
his
youngest
Daughter
,
to
the
Lord
Hastings
,
Son
to
the
Earl
of
Huntington
.
Whilst
these
things
were
doing
,
the
Kings
Sickness
much
encreased
;
for
Northumberland
had
displaced
his
Physitians
,
and
put
him
into
the
hands
of
a
Woman
to
cure
,
who
it
is
thought
hastened
him
to
his
Grave
;
for
no
sooner
had
they
procured
him
by
his
Will
,
which
was
read
in
the
hearing
of
the
Counselors
,
Judges
,
&c.
And
confirmed
by
their
Assents
,
to
Disinherit
Mary
and
Elizabeth
his
Sisters
,
whose
Interest
(
as
Northumberland
said
)
was
so
closely
Joyned
,
that
if
the
Crown
fell
to
either
of
them
,
it
must
first
come
to
the
Lady
Mary
,
who
was
a
professed
Papist
,
and
not
by
any
entreaties
to
be
brought
over
to
the
Reformed
Religion
,
and
by
his
said
Will
to
appoint
the
Lady
Jane
his
Successor
;
but
plain
Symptoms
of
Death
appeared
.
And
not
above
Three
Hours
before
he
Dyed
,
thinking
no
body
had
been
near
he
thus
Piously
Prayed
.
Lord
God
deliver
me
out
of
this
Miserable
and
Wretched
Life
;
Take
me
amongst
thy
Chosen
;
howbeit
not
my
will
,
but
thy
will
be
done
.
Lord
I
Commit
my
Spirit
to
Thee
;
O
Lord
,
thou
knowest
how
Happy
it
were
for
me
to
be
with
thee
;
yet
for
thy
Chosens
sake
,
if
it
be
thy
will
,
send
me
Life
and
Health
,
that
I
may
truly
Serve
thee
.
O
my
Lord
Bless
thy
People
,
and
save
thine
Inheritance
:
O
Lord
God
,
save
thy
Chosen
People
of
England
:
O
my
Lord
God
,
defend
this
Realm
from
Popery
,
and
maintain
thy
True
Religion
;
that
I
and
my
People
may
Praise
thy
Holy
Name
.
Amen
.
About
three
hours
afterward
,
he
said
,
I
faint
;
Lord
,
have
mercy
upon
me
,
and
receive
my
Spirit
;
and
so
yielded
up
the
Ghost
.
The
Conjectures
how
this
Sickness
came
upon
the
King
,
were
various
among
the
People
;
some
that
it
was
caused
by
his
smelling
to
an
Impoisoned
Nosegay
,
presented
him
for
a
New-Years-Gift
;
others
,
That
Northumberland's
Woman
purposely
destroyed
him
;
and
such
indeed
was
then
that
Dukes
power
,
that
though
the
King's
Physitians
shook
their
Heads
,
as
much
grieved
,
yet
they
durst
not
utter
their
Minds
.
He
was
a
Prince
exceeding
Pious
,
and
Learned
to
a
Miracle
,
considering
his
Years
,
in
Latin
,
Greek
,
French
,
Italian
,
Spanish
;
Musick
,
Logick
,
&c.
He
Dyed
the
6th
of
July
,
Anno
Dom.
1553
,
in
the
7th
Year
of
his
Reign
,
and
the
16th
of
his
Age
;
having
Reigned
6
Years
,
5
Months
,
and
8
Days
;
and
was
Buried
without
any
great
Solemnity
at
Westminster
.
In
this
Kings
Reign
one
George
Paris
,
a
German
,
was
Burnt
in
Smithfield
for
Arianisme
,
in
denying
the
Divinity
of
our
Saviour
.
Three
Whales
and
divers
Dolphins
were
taken
in
the
Thames
,
and
on
the
Coast
.
A
Woman
at
Middleton
near
Oxford
brought
forth
a
Monstrous
Child
with
two
Heads
,
and
two
Bodies
joyned
together
,
of
the
Female
Sex
,
and
all
other
Members
proportionable
,
the
Bodies
being
as
it
were
Head
and
Tail
,
one
Head
at
one
end
,
and
the
other
at
t'other
;
it
Lived
14
Days
,
and
was
killed
at
last
by
Cold
,
in
being
too
often
exposed
naked
,
to
satisfy
Peoples
curiosity
.
A
great
blow
of
Gunpowder
was
given
in
a
House
near
the
Tower
,
which
killed
Fifteen
Gunpowder-Makers
,
shattered
divers
Houses
,
and
wounded
many
Persons
in
them
.
Remarks
on
the
Principallity
of
Wales
.
THE
Principallity
of
Wales
does
strictly
contain
but
Twelve
Counties
,
and
is
commonly
Divided
into
North-Wales
and
South-Wales
;
North-Wales
Contains
-
Flimshire
,
-
Merionethshire
,
-
Anglesey
,
-
Montgomeryshire
,
-
Carnarvanshire
,
-
Denbeighshire
.
South-Wales
Contains
-
Cardiganshire
,
-
Glamorganshire
,
-
Pembrookshire
,
-
Brecknockshire
.
-
Caermarthenshire
,
-
Radnorshire
.
Of
each
of
which
I
shall
give
you
a
brief
Account
Alphabetically
.
1.
ANGLESETY
Island
,
called
Mam
Cimbiae
,
or
The
Mother
of
Wales
,
for
its
Fertility
,
Rich
Pastures
,
breeding
store
of
Cattle
,
&c.
It
is
divided
from
Carnarvanshire
by
the
Water
or
River
Mennay
,
the
rest
incompassed
with
the
Irish
Sea
.
It
contains
6
Hundreds
,
74
Parishes
,
2
Market
Towns
,
4
Rivers
,
8
Bridges
,
and
2
Chases
;
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
2
,
viz.
Beaumaris
1
,
and
a
Knight
of
the
Shire
.
This
Town
was
Built
by
King
Edward
the
First
,
and
stands
advantageous
for
a
Passage
to
Ireland
,
Newborough
is
a
place
of
Antiquity
,
and
once
a
Court
of
the
British
Princes
;
The
chief
Rivers
are
Llinnon
,
Guynt
,
Keveny
,
Alow
,
and
Brant
:
THE
PRINCIPALITY
OF
WALES
By
John
Seller
.
map of Wales
3.
CARDIGANSHIRE
lies
(
on
its
West
part
)
commodious
to
the
Irish
Sea
,
and
the
rest
Bounded
by
Caermardenshire
,
Pembrookshire
,
Brecknockshire
,
Radnorshire
,
Montgomery
and
Monmouthshire
:
It
is
very
Hilly
,
tho'
well
Watered
with
Rivers
,
and
has
in
divers
places
large
Mears
and
Pools
.
It
containes
5
Hundreds
,
64
Parishes
,
4
Market
Towns
;
and
has
a
Bishop
belonging
to
it
:
It
s
principal
River
is
Tivy
,
which
Waters
its
South
Borders
,
and
branches
into
the
County
,
and
in
it
are
13
Bridges
,
and
1
Park
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
2
,
viz.
Cardegan
1
,
and
1
Knight
of
the
Shire
.
Cardigan
,
the
Shire
Town
,
was
Walled
about
and
Fortified
with
a
Castle
by
Gilbert
D'
Clare
,
who
was
Lord
of
the
whole
County
,
by
the
Gift
of
King
Henry
the
First
.
4.
CARNARVANSHIRE
has
in
it
divers
Meers
and
Pools
,
some
branching
Rivers
,
and
a
sprinkling
of
Hills
:
It
affords
some
Corn
,
store
of
Pasture
,
and
a
considerable
quantity
of
Cattle
.
It
is
Bounded
on
the
West
by
the
Irish
Sea
and
the
Isle
of
Anglesey
,
and
the
South
has
the
Sea
flowing
to
it
,
as
likewise
the
North
;
so
that
what
remaines
to
the
Land-ward
,
is
Bounded
by
Denbighshire
,
and
Merionethshire
.
It
contains
7
Hundreds
,
68
Parishes
,
6
Market
Towns
,
17
Rivers
,
and
3
Castles
.
Carnarvan
was
Built
by
Edward
the
First
,
on
the
Ruins
of
the
Antient
Segontium
,
where
was
said
to
be
found
the
Body
of
Constantius
,
Father
to
Constantine
the
Great
,
Anno
1285.
And
here
Edward
the
Second
was
Born
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
2
,
viz.
Carnarvan
1
,
and
1
Knight
of
the
Shire
.
The
Seats
of
the
Lord
Vaughan
,
Baron
of
Emlyn
,
&c.
are
Golden
Grove
and
Emlyn
.
The
Bishop
of
Bangor's
Seat
,
Bangor
Place
.
5.
CAERMARTHENSHIRE
is
Watered
by
the
River
Towy
and
others
.
It
abounds
in
Hills
,
tho'
mostly
of
a
moderate
height
;
and
in
some
places
is
Woody
,
and
a
great
many
Cattle
are
bred
up
in
it
.
It
is
Bounded
with
the
Sea
,
Glamorganshire
,
Brecknockshire
,
Cardiganshire
,
and
Pembrookshire
.
Carmarden
is
strongly
Walled
and
Defended
by
a
Castle
.
Here
was
Born
Merlin
,
the
famous
British
Prophet
,
who
foretold
in
the
several
Ages
Changes
of
Government
.
On
the
high
Hills
of
this
Shire
are
two
Meers
,
in
one
of
them
is
bred
a
Fish
that
has
but
one
Eye
;
and
the
other
has
in
it
a
floating
Island
,
in
which
one
no
sooner
sets
his
Foot
,
but
it
seemes
in
all
appearance
to
drive
further
off
from
Shoar
.
This
Shire
co●●
in●
6
Hundreds
,
in
which
are
87
Parishes
,
8
Market
Town●
,
28
Rivers
great
and
small
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
2
,
viz.
Carmarden
1
,
and
1
Knight
of
the
Shire
.
The
Seat
of
the
Bishop
of
St.
Davids
,
Abergwilly
.
6.
DENBIGHSHIRE
is
pretty
well
stored
with
Hills
,
tho
it
has
Valleys
that
produce
good
Pasture
,
and
Corn
,
and
breeds
up
store
of
Cattle
.
It
is
pleasantly
Watered
with
the
Rivers
Cluyd
,
Alen
,
and
Dee
;
Bounded
by
Flintshire
,
Cheshire
,
Shropshire
,
●erion●thshire
,
Carnarvanshire
,
and
the
Sea
;
It
contains
12
Hundreds
,
57
Parishes
,
4
Market
Towns
,
and
24
great
and
small
Rivers
,
6
Bridges
,
3
Castles
,
and
6
Parks
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
2
,
viz.
Denbigh
1
,
and
1
Knight
of
the
Shire
.
Denbigh
,
the
Shire
Town
,
was
Walled
about
and
Fortified
with
a
Castle
by
Henry
Lacy
,
Earl
of
Lincoln
,
in
the
Reign
of
Edward
the
First
.
On
the
top
of
high
Hills
,
called
Moilealy
Hills
,
are
very
large
Springs
:
Luth●●
and
Wrexham
are
places
of
great
Antiquity
,
and
Memorable
for
having
been
the
Seats
of
British
Princes
.
7.
FLINTSHIRE
,
tho'
small
,
is
yet
a
pretty
pleasant
County
,
Watered
by
the
flowing
of
Dee
;
Cluyan
,
and
other
Rivers
.
It
produces
Corn
,
Cattle
,
Fish
,
Fowl
,
Wooll
,
Butter
,
Cheese
,
&c.
It
is
Bounded
by
Denbighshire
,
Shropshire
,
Cheshire
,
the
River
Dee
,
and
the
Ocean
.
It
contains
5
Hundreds
,
28
Parishes
,
3
Market
Towns
,
4
Castles
,
2
Bridges
,
and
2
Parks
.
The
Castle
of
Flint
,
Founded
by
Henry
the
Second
,
and
Finished
by
Edward
the
First
,
gave
reception
to
King
Richard
the
Second
when
he
came
out
of
Ireland
and
lost
his
Crown
.
This
County
is
famous
for
St.
Winifrid's
Well
,
called
Holy
Well
,
formerly
much
frequented
,
partly
by
way
of
Pilgrimage
,
and
partly
for
the
great
Virtue
its
Waters
was
reputed
to
have
in
the
Cure
of
many
Distempers
.
This
Spring
is
held
by
some
to
have
risen
upon
the
falling
of
the
Virgin
Winifrid's
Blood
,
when
to
save
her
Chastity
she
lost
her
Head
,
by
a
Pagan
Prince
;
and
that
the
Stones
that
look
●ed
at
the
bottom
,
still
bear
a
tincture
of
it
.
Many
Miracles
have
been
held
to
have
been
done
by
this
Water
;
but
these
I
look
on
as
Monkish
Fables
;
yet
certain
it
is
,
that
out
of
this
Well
runs
a
very
pleasant
Stream
,
and
that
the
Water
is
Medicinal
.
This
Shire
sends
Members
to
Parliament
2
,
viz.
Flint
1
,
and
1
Knight
of
the
Shire
.
At
Kilben
in
this
Shire
is
a
little
Well
that
keeps
a
constant
Ebb
and
Flow
like
the
Ocean
.
The
Seat
of
the
Bishop
of
the
Diocess
is
St.
Asaph
.
MONMOUTH
SHIRE
by
John
Seller
map of Monmouthshire
8.
GLAMORGANSHI●●
〈◊〉
its
South
and
West
part
open
to
the
Sea
,
and
the
rest
〈◊〉
with
Carmarden
,
Brecknock
,
and
Monmouthshires
.
It
is
mostly
accomodated
with
hills
and
Valleys
,
branched
with
some
pleasant
Rivers
.
Llandaff
in
this
Shire
is
a
Bishops
See
;
Glamorganshire
contains
10
Hundreds
,
118
Parishes
,
10
Market
Towns
,
16
Rivers
,
5
Castles
,
6
Bridges
,
and
5
Parks
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
2
,
viz.
Cardiff
1
,
and
1
Knight
of
the
Shire
.
The
chief
Town
and
Episcopal
See
is
Llandaff
,
tho'
Cardiff
is
famous
,
as
having
been
the
residence
of
the
renowned
Fitz
Hamon
,
who
with
his
Norman
Knights
,
in
the
Reign
of
W.
Rufus
,
beat
Rhesus
Prince
of
Wales
out
of
his
Country
,
and
kept
his
Court
in
the
strong
Castle
he
built
,
in
the
Hall
whereof
are
yet
to
be
seen
the
Ensigns
of
him
and
his
Knights
;
and
in
this
Castle
is
held
the
Audit
for
the
Earl
of
Pembrook's
Estate
in
Wales
.
Llandaff
contains
a
Castle
and
fi●e
Cathedral
.
At
Ab●erbarry
is
a
Cave
at
the
bottom
of
a
Hill
,
the
Mouth
whereof
is
a
gaping
Cleft
or
Chink
,
into
which
the
Wind
entering
,
makes
harmonious
Musick
,
like
the
sound
of
Cymballs
.
And
near
Barry
on
the
Cliffs
is
often
a
sound
as
if
Smiths
were
at
work
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Swanzy
Castle
,
belonging
to
the
Duke
of
Beaufort
;
Cardiff
Castle
,
Caerplilly
Castle
,
to
the
Earl
of
Pembrook
;
Coyty
Castle
,
to
the
Earl
of
Leicester
;
Llandaff
Palace
,
to
the
Bishop
,
&c.
9.
MERIONETHSHIRE
,
is
partly
Watered
with
the
River
Dee
,
which
entering
the
North-East
point
,
falls
into
a
Lake
or
Meer
,
at
Bala
;
as
does
the
River
Trowryn
,
Riauder
proceeds
from
Dee
.
There
are
some
very
large
Hills
in
this
Shire
,
yet
the
Plains
afford
Wood
,
Pasture
,
and
a
good
sprinkling
of
Corn
and
Cattle
.
It
is
divided
into
6
Hundreds
,
containing
37
Parishes
,
3
Market
Towns
,
26
Rivers
small
and
great
,
2
Castles
,
7
Bridges
;
It
is
Bounded
with
Cardigan
,
Carnarvan
,
Denbigh
,
and
Montgomeryshires
,
and
the
Irish
Sea
.
It
sends
to
Parliament
only
1
Knight
of
the
Shire
.
Harlech
,
the
principal
Town
of
this
Shire
,
is
more
noted
for
its
stately
Castle
,
than
any
other
Ornament
.
The
Pool
or
Lake
at
Bala
is
never
observed
to
be
fill'd
by
Land
Floods
,
though
rising
never
so
high
;
yet
in
Tempestuous
Weather
swelleth
above
its
Banks
.
10.
MONMOVTHSHIRE
did
formerly
belong
to
the
Principality
of
Wales
,
and
is
therefore
now
brought
in
amongst
them
;
tho'
in
the
Reign
of
King
Charles
the
Second
it
was
made
an
English
County
,
the
Judges
keeping
the
Assizes
there
,
as
in
other
English
Counties
.
But
being
omitted
in
its
proper
place
,
I
thought
it
better
to
place
it
among
the
Welsh
Counties
,
than
to
leave
it
quite
out
;
For
being
a
pleasant
County
〈◊〉
having
the
advantage
of
the
River
Severn
to
Water
it
,
produces
much
Corn
,
Cattle
,
Pastures
,
Wooll
,
&c.
It
is
Bounded
by
Severn
,
(
a
River
to
which
Severus
the
Roman
Emperour
gave
Name
,
on
a
memorable
Battle
fought
on
its
Banks
)
Brecknock
,
Hereford
,
Glamorgan
,
and
Gloucestershires
.
It
is
divided
into
6
Hundreds
,
containing
127
Parishes
,
15
Rivers
,
7
Market
Towns
,
7
Castles
,
14
Bridges
,
and
8
Parks
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
2.
viz.
Monmouth
1
,
and
1
Knight
of
the
Shire
.
The
Town
of
Monmouth
is
held
to
be
the
place
where
King
Arthur
kept
his
Court
;
and
that
it
has
been
an
Accademy
of
Philosophy
and
Arts
,
The
Birth-place
of
Amphibalus
,
whose
Disciple
our
Proto
Martyr
St.
Alban
was
;
and
here
King
Henry
the
Fifth
was
Born
.
Vsk
is
a
place
of
Antiquity
,
and
considerable
in
this
Shire
.
Abergavenny
,
&c.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Troy
House
,
Monmouth
Castle
,
Ragland
Castle
,
Chepstow
Castle
,
Tintorn
Abby
,
and
Chepstow
Grange
,
belonging
to
the
Duke
of
Beaufort
;
Abergavenny
Castle
,
to
the
Lord
Abergavenny
;
St.
Julian
,
to
the
Lord
Herbert
,
Baron
of
Cherbury
;
Matherne
Palace
,
to
the
Bishop
.
11.
MONTGOMERYSHIRE
receives
great
advantage
from
the
River
Severn
,
over
which
are
divers
considerable
Bridges
,
This
River
in
many
branches
winds
very
pleasantly
among
the
Hills
,
Fertilizing
the
Valleys
and
Plaines
,
so
that
the
Earth
produces
sufficient
Plenty
where
the
barren
Hills
are
not
Interposing
.
It
is
Bounded
with
Cardiganshire
,
Radnorshire
,
Shropshire
,
Denbighshire
,
and
Merionethshire
.
It
contains
7
Hundereds
,
in
which
are
47
Parishes
,
6
Market
Towns
,
25
Rivers
,
3
Castles
,
6
Bridges
,
and
1
Chase
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
2
,
viz.
Montgomery
1
,
and
1
Knight
of
the
Shire
.
Montgomery
is
pleasantly
Situated
,
and
has
a
very
strong
Castle
appertaining
to
it
.
Dolevere
is
founded
on
large
Antiquity
,
and
some
others
.
The
Seats
of
the
Nobility
are
Powis
Castle
and
Buttingto
,
belonging
to
the
Marquess
of
Powis
;
●limore
Lodg
and
Llyslin
,
to
the
Lord
Herbert
,
Baron
of
Cherbury
.
12.
PEMBROOKSHIRE
lies
very
advantageous
to
the
Sea
,
St.
David's
being
the
extream
point
of
Land
,
from
which
in
the
Sea
are
those
dangerous
Rocks
called
The
Bishop
and
his
Clerks
.
This
County
is
not
much
Mountanous
unless
to
the
North-East
part
.
It
is
Bounded
by
Cardiganshire
,
Carmardenshire
,
and
the
Sea
.
Milford
Haven
opening
with
a
large
Stream
to
its
Southward
,
and
the
River
Dougledy
makes
the
other
branches
.
It
is
thereby
pretty
Fruitful
,
and
much
subject
to
Seafaring
Trade
;
It
contains
7
Hundreds
,
145
Parishes
,
9
Market
Towns
,
6
Rivers
,
1
Bishoprick
,
5
Castles
,
7
Bridges
,
2
Forrests
,
〈…〉
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
3
,
viz.
Haverford-W●●●
Pembrook
1
,
and
1
Knight
of
the
Shire
.
And
tho'
here
Pembrook
is
accounted
the
County
Town
,
yet
St.
Davids
is
more
remarkable
,
as
having
been
an
Archiepiscopal
See
,
translated
from
Is●a
Legionum
,
by
the
great
Archbishop
Devi
,
now
stiled
St.
David
;
whose
Day
is
kept
by
the
Native
●ritains
the
First
of
March
,
in
memory
of
a
great
Battel
he
gained
over
the
Saxons
;
and
the
wearing
the
Leek
comes
from
his
ordering
the
Soldiers
on
his
part
,
the
better
to
be
distinguished
in
Battel
,
every
one
to
place
a
Leek
in
his
Cap.
The
Isle
of
S●laney
in
this
County
is
almost
all
over-grown
with
Wild
Thime
.
13.
RADNORSHIRE
has
many
pleasant
Valleys
in
the
Mid-land
parts
,
producing
Corn
,
and
breeds
plenty
of
Cattle
,
unless
where
the
Hills
hinder
;
It
is
pleasantly
Watered
by
the
River
Wye
,
which
winds
on
the
Southern
side
of
it
,
and
spreads
branching
into
it
,
receiving
other
Rivers
as
Ithon
,
Weverly
,
D●las
,
&c.
It
abounds
in
Fish
,
and
particularly
store
of
Salmon
.
This
Shire
is
Bounded
by
Montgomeryshire
,
Shropshire
,
Herefordshire
,
Breknockshire
,
and
Cardiganshire
.
It
contains
6
Hundreds
,
52
Parishes
,
4
Market
Towns
,
1●
Rivers
,
5
Castles
,
5
Bridges
,
and
3
Forrests
.
It
sends
Members
to
Parliament
2
,
viz.
Radnor
1
,
and
1
Knight
of
the
Shire
.
Radnor
is
the
Antient
Magnus
of
Antonie
,
and
the
station
of
the
Roman
Regiment
called
the
Pacentine
,
tho'
in
Beauty
and
Building
it
is
Inferiour
to
Prestain
.
And
thus
much
shall
suffice
to
be
said
of
the
Principality
of
Wales
.
The
Reign
of
Queen
MARY
the
First
.
KING
Edward
was
no
sooner
Dead
,
but
the
Lords
of
the
Duke
of
Northumberland's
party
hasted
to
Proclaim
the
Lady
Jane
Queen
;
and
in
order
to
do
it
,
sent
for
the
Lord
Mayor
of
London
,
six
Aldermen
,
and
six
of
the
Common
Council
,
to
Greenwich
,
where
the
King
lay
dead
;
and
declared
to
them
his
death
,
which
before
was
kept
as
secret
as
possible
.
Moreover
shewing
them
his
Will
,
and
the
Letters
Pattents
with
the
Great
Seal
made
fourteen
Days
before
,
causing
them
to
Swear
Allegiance
to
the
Lady
Jane
as
their
Soveraign
Lady
;
and
now
the
Policy
was
to
surprise
the
Lady
Mary
,
whom
they
thought
knew
nothing
of
the
King's
Death
,
or
their
Proceedings
;
for
it
had
been
carry'd
on
very
closely
.
But
she
having
secret
Intelligence
from
her
Friends
at
Court
,
left
St.
Edmunds
Bury
on
pretence
she
feared
the
Infection
,
one
of
her
Servants
being
dead
of
the
Plague
,
and
Riding
forty
Miles
,
came
to
Fremingh●m
Castle
in
Suffolk
,
about
Eighty
Miles
from
London
;
considering
that
being
near
the
Sea
,
if
●ortune
turned
against
her
,
she
might
Escape
into
France
.
And
here
taking
upon
her
the
stile
of
Queen
,
(
for
King
Henry
at
his
Death
repenting
his
Illegitimating
his
two
Daughters
,
Mary
and
Elizabeth
,
had
by
his
last
Will
appointed
they
should
Successively
Reign
in
default
of
Issue
)
she
dispatched
Letters
to
her
Friends
and
Allies
,
that
they
should
hasten
to
come
to
her
.
This
was
no
sooner
known
by
the
Lords
at
London
,
but
the
Lady
Jane
was
immediately
Proclaimed
Queen
:
Yet
she
received
the
Regalia
unwillingly
,
not
without
some
Sighs
and
Tears
,
which
Presaged
the
Misfortune
she
was
violently
thrust
upon
;
so
that
it
plainly
appeared
to
all
present
,
it
was
much
against
her
will
she
ascended
this
height
of
Honour
;
and
indeed
as
she
passed
through
the
City
,
tho'
there
were
crouds
of
Gazers
,
yet
very
few
Shouts
or
Acclamations
of
Joy
,
as
in
such
cases
are
usual
,
were
heard
:
Which
gave
courage
to
the
contrary
Party
,
who
heitherto
had
kept
silence
;
but
now
began
to
grow
bold
in
their
discourses
;
and
the
Council
sitting
,
a
Letter
was
presented
from
the
Lady
Mary
,
wherein
she
commanded
the
Lords
to
repair
to
her
,
acknowledg
her
the
Right
Heir
to
the
Crown
,
and
their
Lawful
Princess
,
and
do
their
Duties
and
Services
,
as
became
Loyal
Subjects
.
Many
that
envyed
Northumberland's
Greatness
,
hereupon
began
to
encline
to
her
Party
;
but
then
they
found
it
could
not
be
well
contrived
to
bring
her
to
London
,
as
Queen
,
whilst
Northumberland's
Presence
hindered
;
whereupon
hearing
that
the
Suffolk-Men
,
and
a
great
part
of
Norfolk
,
had
promised
her
their
Aid
,
upon
condition
of
enjoying
the
freedom
of
Religion
,
they
concluded
it
was
convenient
to
send
Forces
against
her
,
that
she
might
be
suppressed
before
she
became
Strong
;
and
tho'
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
would
have
shifted
it
,
Forces
were
raised
,
and
he
appointed
General
;
and
so
on
the
13th
of
June
he
set
out
from
London
;
but
was
much
daunted
when
he
heard
none
of
the
Multitude
that
crowded
to
see
him
pass
along
,
bid
him
good
speed
:
Which
he
noted
to
the
Lord
Grey
as
an
Omen
of
bad
success
.
However
he
Marched
slowly
towards
Cambridge
,
and
in
the
mean
while
the
Lady
Mary's
Party
greatly
encreased
by
the
coming
over
of
the
Earls
of
Bath
and
Sussex
,
Sir
Thomas
Cornwallis
,
Sir
Henry
Jernington
,
Sir
Robert
Drury
,
Sir
John
Williams
,
Sir
Robert
Waldgrave
,
and
others
;
and
soon
after
Sir
Edward
Hastings
,
Brother
to
the
Earl
of
Huntington
,
Revolted
from
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
,
with
4000
Foot
he
had
Raised
by
his
order
;
for
which
he
was
after
created
Earl
of
Lowborough
.
Soon
after
this
,
six
Ships
with
Stores
,
Ammunition
and
Provision
,
which
the
Duke
had
caused
to
Watch
the
Coast
,
and
Intercept
Mary
,
if
she
should
fly
,
fell
into
her
hands
,
as
driven
by
stress
of
Weather
into
Yarmouth
,
when
a
great
part
of
her
Forces
were
there
,
by
whom
they
were
seized
.
And
Sir
Henry
Jerningham
consigned
them
to
her
use
.
Having
by
this
means
got
a
Traine
of
Artillery
,
she
Marched
towards
Northumberland
,
Snow-Ball
like
,
gathering
as
she
proceeded
;
which
made
the
Duke
send
to
the
Lords
at
London
to
supply
him
with
more
Forces
,
for
on
the
Muster
he
found
many
were
Deserted
,
and
till
their
coming
he
resolved
to
stay
at
Cambridge
;
but
they
hearing
how
things
went
,
and
finding
the
People
unwilling
to
engage
,
began
more
to
consult
their
own
safety
,
than
any
other
matter
;
and
leaving
the
Tower
,
they
met
at
Bainard's
Castle
;
and
there
contrary
to
their
sollemn
promises
,
they
consulted
to
Depose
the
Lady
Jane
,
whom
they
had
so
lately
advanced
to
the
Throne
;
and
the
Earl
of
Arrundel
being
Spokesman
,
boldly
declared
the
necessity
of
it
,
enveighing
bitterly
against
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
,
recounting
many
things
that
have
been
already
mentioned
of
him
,
urging
the
unlawfulness
of
what
they
had
done
;
and
that
there
was
no
better
Cure
of
Error
,
than
mature
and
timely
Repentance
;
and
therefore
he
besought
them
all
present
,
with
one
Heart
and
Mind
to
endeavour
to
the
utmost
that
Mary
(
the
undoubted
Lawful
Heir
of
the
Crown
)
might
presently
be
Proclaimed
Queen
.
See
in
this
the
wonderful
Conversion
Fear
can
work
in
Mens
minds
,
for
untill
he
perceived
the
Lady
Mary
Powerful
,
and
likely
to
come
in
by
Force
,
except
Northumberland
,
he
was
the
most
violent
against
her
.
Upon
this
Advice
,
and
some
other
Debates
,
it
was
agreed
the
Lady
Mary
should
be
Proclaimed
Queen
;
for
the
Earl
of
Pembrook
saying
he
heartily
agreed
with
Arrundel
,
and
laying
his
Hand
on
his
Sword
,
Swore
He
would
try
it
with
any
one
that
should
presume
to
maintain
the
contrary
,
most
became
willing
,
and
the
rest
were
carried
away
in
the
stream
of
Power
;
and
so
sending
for
the
Lord
Mayor
and
Aldermen
,
they
went
to
Cheap
Cross
,
and
there
,
to
the
great
wonderment
of
the
People
,
Proclaimed
Mary
Queen
;
and
passing
to
St.
Paul's
,
Te
Deum
was
Sung
,
sending
some
to
take
possession
of
the
Tower
,
and
others
to
Summon
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
laying
all
Excuses
aside
,
to
appear
at
the
Council-Board
.
The
Duke
perceiving
Ruin
threatned
him
and
his
Family
,
by
laying
too
great
a
stress
on
Treacherous
Friends
,
and
drawn
into
a
Snare
by
Northumberland's
subtilty
,
he
yet
concluded
to
use
such
means
as
he
hoped
might
avert
the
coming
Storm
;
wherefore
upon
this
notice
he
went
to
his
Daughters
Chamber
of
State
,
causing
her
to
lay
aside
her
Princely
Ornaments
,
Advising
her
not
to
take
it
grievously
that
she
was
to
return
home
,
and
live
a
Private
Life
:
To
which
,
with
a
composed
Countenance
,
she
Reply'd
,
Most
loving
Father
,
I
with
more
Joy
and
Gladness
entertain
the
Message
you
now
bring
me
,
than
that
,
when
sore
against
my
will
,
you
placed
me
in
the
Throne
.
I
then
displeased
my self
that
I
might
shew
my
Obedience
to
you
and
my
Mother
.
I
believe
I
have
greatly
Offended
in
what
I
have
done
,
but
now
I
willingly
Obey
you
,
and
am
well
contented
to
renounce
the
Crown
and
to
confess
my
fault
;
if
at
last
so
great
an
offence
may
be
wiped
away
by
an
acknowledgment
of
my
Error
.
After
this
,
she
retired
to
her
Closet
,
and
the
Ladies
that
waited
on
her
,
were
discharged
from
that
Office
,
and
desired
to
retire
to
their
respective
Habitations
;
which
they
did
,
tho'
not
without
Tears
,
to
see
Innocence
precipitated
into
so
great
a
misfortune
as
was
likely
to
follow
.
The
Duke
of
Suffolk
after
this
,
went
to
the
Council
of
Lords
,
and
subscribed
the
last
Proclamation
;
and
thereupon
the
Earl
of
Arrundel
and
divers
others
,
posted
to
Queen
Mary
(
for
so
now
I
must
stile
her
)
with
a
great
Train
,
and
procured
their
Pardons
.
The
Duke
of
Northumberland
somwhat
late
,
hearing
of
these
Proceedings
,
in
much
perturbation
of
mind
,
shewed
his
meanness
of
Spirit
,
in
running
into
the
Street
at
Cambridge
,
and
Proclaiming
Queen
Mary
,
throwing
up
his
Cap
,
and
capering
amongst
the
croud
,
as
if
he
had
done
it
with
all
the
sincerity
and
alacrity
imaginable
;
when
every
body
knew
Fear
,
and
hope
of
Pardon
,
compelled
him
to
it
.
Yet
a
few
days
after
,
he
and
divers
others
,
whilst
they
were
preparing
for
Flight
,
as
doubting
the
worst
,
were
Arrested
by
the
Lord
Arrundel
,
and
convey'd
to
the
Tower
of
London
,
and
the
Army
he
commanded
Disbanded
,
and
ordered
on
pain
of
being
reputed
Rebells
to
repair
immediatly
to
their
several
Houses
;
and
the
Virtuous
Lady
Jane
(
after
ten
Days
Acting
the
Queen
as
on
a
Stage
)
by
special
order
confin'd
to
the
Tower
,
The
Marquess
of
Northampton
was
Imprisoned
,
and
divers
others
of
Note
,
who
they
suggested
were
any
way
concerned
in
this
business
;
and
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
upon
her
Sisters
coming
towards
London
,
went
to
meet
her
Sister
,
and
Congratulated
her
Success
,
highly
commending
her
for
so
undauntedly
pursuing
her
Right
to
the
Crown
;
and
upon
her
enterance
into
London
she
caused
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
,
and
Edward
Courtney
,
Son
to
the
Marquess
of
Exceter
Beheaded
in
Henry
the
Eighth's
time
,
to
be
set
at
Liberty
,
as
also
Stephen
Gardener
,
and
all
the
Romish
Clergy
were
released
from
their
confinement
,
with
many
others
;
Constituting
Gardener
Lord
Chancellour
of
England
,
restoring
the
deprived
Popish
Bishops
to
their
Offices
and
Dignities
,
outing
those
of
the
Reformed
Religion
that
had
by
King
Edward
been
preferred
to
those
Bishopricks
,
as
London
,
Winches●●●
,
Durham
,
Worcester
,
Chichester
,
&c.
But
for
all
this
Dr.
Bourn
Preaching
at
St.
Paul's
Cross
,
and
bitterly
inveighing
against
the
Reformed
Religion
,
had
a
Dagger
flung
at
him
,
whose
mortal
Point
narrowly
missed
his
Breast
,
tho'
the
party
that
did
it
(
upon
the
narrowest
search
and
scrutinie
)
could
not
be
discovered
.
Things
being
a
little
settled
,
the
Queen
by
Advice
of
her
Council
chosen
for
the
purpose
,
proceeded
to
Revenge
herself
on
her
opposers
,
and
procured
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
,
the
Earl
of
Warwick
,
his
Eldest
Son
,
and
the
Marquess
of
Northampton
to
be
Try'd
and
Condemn'd
for
High
Treason
,
and
soon
after
the
Duke
was
brought
to
the
Scaffold
on
Tower-Hill
,
where
he
declared
himself
(
in
hopes
of
Life
)
a
Roman
Catholick
;
Advising
all
present
to
return
to
the
Mother
Church
,
and
not
to
embrace
a
new
uncertain
Religion
that
had
work'd
so
many
Mischiefs
and
Disorders
in
the
Kingdom
:
And
that
for
his
own
part
he
always
embraced
and
loved
the
Religion
he
received
from
his
Ancestors
,
with
much
more
to
the
same
purpose
.
But
by
the
way
pray
hear
what
he
said
to
King
Edward
when
he
perswaded
him
to
exclude
his
Sisters
from
the
Crown
,
which
I
should
not
have
mention'd
had
he
by
his
Ambition
brought
none
but
himself
to
this
kind
of
Misfortune
.
He
told
him
,
The
Lady
Mary
his
Eldest
Sister
was
a
professed
Roman
Catholick
,
and
if
she
came
to
the
Crown
,
would
destroy
the
Reformed
Religion
,
and
therefore
it
was
the
Duty
of
a
good
and
Religious
Prince
to
set
light
by
all
natural
tyes
and
respects
of
Blood
,
in
regard
of
the
Glory
of
God
and
the
benefit
of
his
Subjects
Salvation
:
That
vengeance
awaited
those
that
should
do
otherwise
;
for
when
this
Life
was
ended
,
they
must
appear
before
Gods
high
Tribunal
,
there
to
give
an
Account
of
all
their
Actions
,
either
to
receive
the
Reward
of
Eternal
Life
,
or
the
Doom
of
Eternal
Death
.
But
this
was
then
to
serve
his
ends
.
And
I
pray
God
too
many
in
our
days
do
not
make
Religion
a
pretence
to
advantage
themselves
.
One
thing
more
is
remarkable
in
this
great
Mans
fall
,
of
which
it
is
said
he
took
exceeding
notice
,
viz.
As
he
passed
to
the
Tower
when
first
committed
,
a
Woman
out
of
a
Balcony
shook
a
bloody
Handkerchief
,
saying
,
Look
you
here
's
the
Blood
of
a
right
Noble
Man
and
the
Kings
Vnkle
,
which
was
shed
through
your
wicked
Treachery
;
and
now
cryeth
for
Revenge
against
you
.
But
his
profession
of
the
Popish
Religion
saved
not
his
Life
;
tho'
it
is
supposed
Dr.
Heath
his
Confessor
,
had
on
this
account
put
him
in
great
hopes
of
Pardon
,
which
was
conjectured
from
the
unwillingness
that
appeared
in
him
to
submit
to
the
stroak
:
Near
the
same
time
Sir
John
Gates
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Palmer
,
two
of
the
Dukes
Favourites
,
were
Beheaded
for
accompanying
him
to
Cambridge
,
which
by
the
Judges
was
construed
Rebellion
,
and
consequently
Treason
against
the
Queen
:
And
divers
Protestant
Bishops
,
as
Dr.
Hooper
of
Gloucester
,
Dr.
Coverdale
of
Exceter
,
Dr.
Farrar
of
St.
David's
,
&c.
and
all
Ecclesiastical
Persons
,
were
deprived
of
their
Livings
,
who
would
not
comply
with
the
Romish
Religion
.
Soon
after
these
Proceedings
,
the
Lords
Ambrose
and
Guilford
Dudley
,
two
Sons
to
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
,
with
the
Virtuous
Lady
Jane
,
Wife
to
the
latter
,
were
Try'd
and
found
Guilty
of
High
Treason
,
and
Condemned
:
Arch
Bishop
Cranmer
was
Imprisoned
;
but
nothing
of
Treason
appearing
against
him
,
he
was
at
that
time
Released
,
but
afterwards
Condemned
to
the
Flames
for
Heresy
,
as
in
the
Martyrology
annexed
to
this
Reign
,
will
appear
;
wherefore
by
the
way
,
take
notice
that
to
avoid
breaking
the
thred
of
History
,
by
so
many
occasions
as
must
in
his
,
and
other
cases
of
that
nature
,
occur
;
for
the
better
understanding
of
the
Reader
,
I
shall
omit
them
here
,
to
place
them
by
themselves
.
However
they
agreed
to
send
Peter
Martyr
under
safe
conduct
to
Antwerp
,
supposing
he
would
there
fall
into
rougher
hands
,
but
he
escaped
into
Germany
.
The
Queens
Coronation
had
been
hitherto
deferr'd
,
but
now
was
performed
with
much
Pomp
and
Solemnity
.
And
a
Parliament
was
called
,
in
which
almost
all
the
Laws
Enacted
in
the
Reigns
of
Henry
the
8th
and
Edward
the
6th
against
Popery
,
were
Repealed
;
and
in
a
Synod
at
London
,
Disputations
were
held
concerning
the
Real
Presence
in
the
Sacrament
,
in
which
the
Popish
Doctors
were
nonpluss'd
;
yet
as
their
saying
was
,
They
had
the
Sword
,
tho'
we
had
the
Word
;
so
that
by
outclamouring
some
,
and
over-awing
others
,
they
gave
sentence
That
it
was
necessary
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
should
be
Restored
.
And
the
Queen
exhibited
a
General
Pardon
,
so
called
,
but
with
so
many
Exceptions
and
Exclusions
,
That
those
of
the
Clergy
and
Laity
that
stood
in
most
need
of
it
,
could
reap
no
benefit
by
it
;
and
soon
after
this
,
the
Queen
enclining
to
Marry
,
Phillip
King
of
Spain
,
among
many
others
proposed
,
was
thought
the
most
agreeable
Match
;
for
as
much
as
it
was
laid
before
her
,
That
an
unsettled
Kingdom
ought
to
have
a
potent
Prince
to
defend
it
,
if
Troubles
should
arise
,
as
well
Abroad
as
at
Home
;
which
upon
Gardener
Bishop
of
Wincbester's
moving
Oration
to
the
Lords
,
was
approved
,
and
the
Spanish
Ambassadars
coming
over
with
full
Power
to
Treat
about
it
,
the
Marriage
was
concluded
on
,
and
Articles
signed
,
very
advantageous
to
the
English
,
as
to
Trade
,
and
disencumberance
from
Wars
Abroad
;
she
being
to
Rule
Absolute
,
and
he
not
to
intermeddle
with
the
Affaires
of
the
Kingdom
,
unless
by
way
of
Advice
;
and
that
such
Children
as
should
proceed
from
this
Marriage
,
should
be
here
brought
up
,
and
not
carry'd
out
of
the
Kingdome
.
Yet
many
disliked
it
,
as
fearing
when
the
Queen
was
Married
,
her
Husband
would
do
as
he
pleased
,
by
easily
prevailing
on
her
to
have
the
disposal
of
Offices
,
Treasure
,
and
Armies
;
and
under
this
pretence
Sir
Thomas
Wiat
raised
a
Rebellion
in
Kent
,
and
attempted
to
enter
the
City
of
London
;
but
being
forcibly
resisted
at
London-Bridge
,
fetching
a
compass
to
pass
the
Thames
at
Kingston
,
in
the
mean
while
such
Forces
were
prepared
,
as
routed
his
Followers
,
and
obliged
him
to
surrender
himself
Prisoner
;
and
being
Committed
to
the
Tower
,
he
soon
after
lost
his
Head
.
This
Rebellion
(
in
which
her
Father
had
under-hand
sided
)
hastned
the
Death
of
the
Lady
Jane
and
her
Husband
;
for
Dr.
Fecknam
being
sent
to
her
to
perswade
her
to
the
Romish
Religion
;
but
she
being
constant
and
unmovable
,
the
Warrant
was
signed
for
her
Execution
;
and
the
Lord
Guilford
being
first
Beheaded
,
she
unconcern'd
beheld
his
Body
brought
all
Bloody
into
the
Tower
,
exposed
to
her
view
,
the
more
to
terrify
her
,
and
with
a
settled
Constancy
of
Mind
(
tho'
she
did
not
much
exceed
Sixteen
Years
)
mounted
the
Scaffold
,
and
Embracing
the
Divine
that
had
attended
her
,
Desired
God
to
reward
him
for
his
Pious
endeavours
,
in
Counselling
and
Advising
her
about
the
weighty
Concern
of
an
Immortal
State
;
and
then
turning
to
the
by-standers
with
a
composed
Countenance
,
Lovely
in
Sorrow
,
she
thus
spoke
her
Mind
.
If
I
am
Guilty
(
said
she
)
it
is
not
because
I
affected
the
Kingdom
,
but
that
I
refused
it
not
,
being
cast
upon
me
;
and
must
leave
a
memorable
Example
and
Monition
to
all
Posterity
,
That
Innocency
cannot
excuse
those
grievous
Actions
which
tend
to
the
Publick
Damage
;
for
it
seemes
they
commit
wickedness
enough
,
that
serve
the
Ambitious
Designs
of
others
,
tho'
it
be
much
against
their
own
will
.
Having
Spoken
these
words
,
she
Pray'd
fervently
;
then
desiring
her
Gentlewoman
to
help
her
off
with
her
Gown
,
she
vailed
her
Eyes
,
and
submitting
to
the
Block
,
denied
the
Executioner
to
do
what
the
Law
had
appointed
as
her
bitter
Portion
;
whereupon
her
Head
being
stricken
off
,
caused
many
Tears
even
in
those
that
favoured
not
her
Religion
.
And
thus
a
worthy
Author
speaks
of
her
:
She
was
,
says
he
,
Religious
,
Wise
,
and
Learned
,
above
her
Age
or
Sex
;
who
for
taking
the
fatal
Title
of
a
Queen
,
unsought-for
,
and
forced
upon
her
by
others
,
was
snatched
from
a
Throne
to
a
Prison
,
and
from
thence
to
the
place
of
Execution
;
where
she
suffered
Patiently
for
the
Offences
of
others
,
and
yet
overcame
the
many
blows
of
Adversity
with
Constancy
and
Innocency
.
A
while
after
,
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
being
Imprisoned
,
was
Condemned
for
having
a
hand
in
Wiat's
Rebellion
,
and
attempting
to
raise
others
,
as
it
was
Charged
against
him
on
his
Tryal
;
tho'
on
very
slender
proof
.
Being
brought
to
the
Scaffold
he
thrust
from
him
the
Popish
Priests
,
who
were
busy
and
troublesome
in
endeavouring
to
perswade
him
to
change
his
Religion
,
and
Praying
fervently
,
he
among
other
Expressions
Desired
the
Queen
to
forgive
him
as
he
forgave
all
that
had
offended
him
:
At
which
Dr.
Weston
,
who
had
been
earnest
with
him
to
change
his
Religion
,
said
aloud
to
the
people
,
The
Queen
had
forgiven
him
:
Whereupon
some
Reply'd
,
such
forgiveness
God
send
you
.
And
then
preparing
for
the
Stroke
,
he
underwent
it
with
much
constancy
and
courage
,
not
varying
from
what
the
series
of
his
Life
had
expressed
him
.
Divers
taken
in
Wiat's
Rebellion
being
about
this
time
Executed
,
and
some
Pardoned
,
Wiat
(
in
hopes
of
Life
)
was
wrought
on
to
Accuse
the
Marquess
of
Exceter
,
and
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
the
Queens
Sister
;
but
being
nevertheless
brought
to
Execution
,
he
heartily
begged
both
their
pardons
with
Tears
,
excusing
them
from
having
any
hand
in
his
Rebellion
;
for
which
,
tho'
he
dyed
by
the
Ax
,
his
Body
was
Quartered
,
and
set
upon
several
Gates
in
the
City
;
and
within
a
while
,
Thomas
Lord
Grey
,
Brother
to
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
was
Beheaded
:
For
this
Queen
seemed
to
have
learned
her
Fathers
way
,
viz.
To
spare
none
that
stood
in
her
way
,
or
from
whom
she
apprehended
any
danger
.
The
Queen
calling
a
Parliament
,
propounded
to
the
Houses
her
Intended
Marriage
,
and
the
desire
she
had
of
restoring
the
Popes
Supremacy
;
but
to
the
latter
at
this
time
she
could
not
get
their
Consents
,
the
Nobles
imagining
they
must
restore
the
Church-Lands
,
if
the
Pope
once
came
to
assume
a
power
over
the
Ecclesiastical
State
.
But
the
former
,
upon
several
advantagous
additional
Articles
,
they
allowed
;
and
King
Philip
with
a
great
Train
of
the
Nobility
of
Spain
,
and
other
Nations
,
came
to
Winchester
where
the
Queen
stay'd
to
receive
him
;
and
on
St.
James's
Day
they
were
Married
there
,
with
great
pomp
and
solemnity
,
and
their
Stiles
pronounced
in
Latin
,
French
,
and
English
:
Whereupon
John
Figuora
,
the
Emperours
Ambassador
,
resigned
to
them
(
in
his
Masters
name
)
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
;
and
the
rejoycing
being
a
little
over
,
they
came
to
London
;
where
they
were
received
in
much
splendor
;
and
going
to
Windsor
,
the
King
was
Installed
Knight
of
the
Garter
,
and
Cardinal
Pool
sent
for
over
to
settle
the
affairs
of
the
Church
,
being
appointed
the
Popes
Legate
;
and
in
Parliament
his
Attainder
was
taken
off
,
and
he
restored
to
all
his
Honours
and
Dignities
;
and
making
a
moving
Oration
to
both
Houses
,
won
upon
them
to
be
Absolved
by
him
,
as
in
Form
he
did
after
the
whole
Kingdom
;
and
in
the
end
procured
Popery
to
be
restored
;
but
not
the
Lands
of
the
Church
:
For
tho'
they
set
light
by
Religion
,
those
were
too
sweet
morsels
to
be
parted
with
.
The
Queen
after
this
laboured
to
have
King
Philip
Crowned
;
but
the
Parliament
refused
their
consent
;
and
soon
after
that
,
she
fancied
herself
to
be
with
Child
;
and
by
her
Error
led
many
to
believe
it
,
so
that
the
Infant
was
Pray'd
for
.
Some
in
the
Pulpets
undertook
to
describe
its
featurs
when
it
should
be
born
,
others
to
direct
how
it
should
be
brought
up
;
abundance
of
Cradles
,
Rockers
,
Nurses
,
and
such
like
,
were
provided
,
and
at
last
it
was
spread
abroad
with
uncertain
Rumour
,
she
was
Delivered
of
a
Prince
;
then
he
was
described
again
in
the
Pulpits
,
the
English
Merchants
at
Antwerp
fired
their
Guns
,
and
made
great
Rejoycing
;
but
at
length
it
was
discover'd
the
Queen
had
never
been
with
Child
.
But
if
any
thing
was
in
it
,
she
had
been
deceived
by
a
Mole
,
which
tho'
without
Life
,
some
times
stirrs
as
if
it
were
Quickened
.
However
it
occasioned
various
Conjectures
of
the
Queen
,
but
time
blew
over
the
Censures
.
Many
Persons
now
were
advanced
to
Dignities
,
to
ballance
in
the
House
of
Peers
;
and
the
Earl
of
Savoy
and
Piedmont
coming
to
see
England
,
was
highly
welcomed
,
and
Lodged
at
White-Hall
;
but
after
a
short
stay
he
departed
to
his
own
Country
;
and
the
Prisons
being
in
a
manner
fill'd
many
were
Pardoned
,
others
without
it
set
at
Liberty
;
and
Sir
Nicholas
Throckmorton's
Head
being
aimed
at
,
the
Jury
for
Acquitting
him
upon
Tryal
,
were
severely
Fined
,
and
Punished
,
to
the
Ruin
of
the
greatest
part
of
them
.
The
Lady
Elizabeth
,
Sister
to
the
Queen
,
(
after
a
long
Imprisonment
in
the
Tower
and
other
places
,
being
often
put
in
danger
of
her
Life
,
by
Firing
the
Boards
under
her
Lodgings
,
Ruffians
enterprising
to
Murther
her
,
and
many
hardships
undergon
,
so
that
she
wished
her self
a
Milk-Maid
,
when
she
heard
the
merry
contented
Life
of
one
singing
in
a
Park
near
her
Prison
)
was
set
at
Liberty
,
as
also
the
Lord
Courtney
Marquess
of
Exceter
,
who
had
been
a
Prisoner
from
the
time
of
his
Fathers
being
Beheaded
in
Henry
the
Eighth's
Reign
.
The
Lord
Stourton
,
a
great
stickler
for
Popery
,
having
Murthered
one
Hargil
and
his
Son
,
relying
on
his
Pardon
,
found
he
was
deceived
;
for
himself
was
Hanged
in
a
Silken
Cord
,
and
four
of
his
Servants
(
who
assisted
him
)
in
Hemp.
It
seemes
there
had
been
Law-Suits
and
other
Variances
between
him
and
the
Murthered
Person
,
and
the
sooner
to
end
them
he
and
his
Servants
knocked
them
down
with
Clubbs
,
cut
their
Throats
,
and
Buried
them
Fifteen
Foot
deep
;
but
such
was
the
will
of
God
,
the
Murther
should
be
discovered
by
such
as
went
to
digg
Gravel
,
and
the
Murtherers
punished
.
Thomas
Stafford
,
second
Son
to
the
Lord
Stafford
,
getting
a
few
Ships
Landed
in
the
North
,
and
surprized
Scarborough
Castle
,
Proclaiming
Queen
Mary
held
the
Crown
without
Right
,
and
had
betray'd
the
Kingdom
to
the
Spaniards
;
but
six
Days
after
his
Landing
he
was
Taken
by
the
Earl
of
Westmoreland
,
and
at
London
lost
his
Head
,
Three
of
his
Followers
being
Executed
at
Tyburn
.
And
King
Philip
being
in
War
with
France
,
upon
the
account
of
his
Father
Charles
the
Emperour
,
notwithstanding
by
Articles
of
Marriage
it
was
agreed
upon
that
the
English
should
not
Intermeddle
,
the
Queen
laboured
to
Quarrel
that
she
might
come
in
with
a
colourable
pretext
to
Assist
her
Husband
;
and
therefore
made
divers
Complaints
of
Injuries
done
,
especially
,
That
the
French
King
had
fitted
out
Stafford
with
Men
and
Money
,
and
encouraged
divers
others
to
molest
her
Kingdom
;
and
was
about
to
Proclaim
War
:
But
Pope
Paul
the
Fourth
Envying
the
Emperour
,
and
taking
part
with
the
French
,
hereupon
(
to
cross
Queen
Mary's
purposes
)
took
Cardinal
Pool's
Authority
Legantine
from
him
,
and
appointed
one
Peter
Petou
,
a
Monk
of
the
Order
of
St.
Francis
,
to
Succeed
him
,
naming
him
Bishop
of
Salisbury
;
but
the
Queen
forbad
his
Landing
;
and
by
submitting
to
the
Pope
got
Pool
restored
.
Whilst
these
things
passed
King
Philip
raised
an
Army
in
Flanders
,
and
other
Countries
,
of
25000
Foot
and
12000
Horse
;
and
the
Queen
under-hand
,
sent
to
his
Aid
1000
Horse
and
4000
Foot
under
the
Earl
of
Pembrook
,
and
other
experienced
Generals
,
which
overthrew
the
French
Army
,
and
took
the
Town
of
St.
Quintins
;
and
because
the
English
had
thus
assisted
,
contrary
to
the
Truce
between
the
two
Nations
,
the
Duke
of
Guise
set
down
before
Callice
and
battered
it
furiously
,
of
which
the
Queen
having
notice
,
ordered
Supplies
to
be
immediatly
sent
of
Men
,
Ammunition
,
and
Provision
;
but
so
outragious
was
the
sea
,
that
no
Ships
could
put
out
;
so
that
the
Lord
Wentworth
Governour
of
the
Town
,
found
himself
constrained
to
surrender
it
on
Articles
when
it
had
been
held
by
the
English
211
Years
,
for
the
Taking
of
which
such
joy
was
made
in
France
as
if
England
was
falln
into
their
hands
.
After
that
they
Invaided
Flanders
,
pillaging
the
Country
,
but
were
Fought
with
and
Overthrown
;
and
soon
after
a
great
Fleet
being
set-forth
,
the
English
Landed
near
Brest
in
Britany
,
and
Sacked
Conquet
a
considerable
Port-Town
in
that
Tract
,
which
they
afterwards
Burnt
:
When
the
French
,
to
strengthen
their
Interest
,
Married
Mary
the
Young
Queen
of
Scots
,
to
Francis
the
then
Dauphin
,
she
having
been
(
in
King
Edward
the
Sixth's
Reign
)
conveyed
into
France
to
that
end
.
But
whilst
Queen
Mary
was
making
great
preparation
,
she
fell
Sick
,
some
say
of
Melancholly
for
the
Absence
of
King
Philip
,
who
now
seemed
little
to
regard
her
;
but
herself
affirmed
,
when
that
was
alledged
to
her
in
her
Sickness
,
It
was
not
his
Vnkindness
troubled
her
,
but
if
she
Dyed
they
might
open
her
,
and
find
the
loss
of
Callis
written
upon
her
Heart
;
and
of
that
Sickness
she
Dyed
,
on
the
17th
of
November
,
Anno
1558
,
when
she
had
Reigned
5
Years
,
4
Months
,
and
11
Days
,
and
in
the
40th
Year
of
her
Age
;
and
was
Interred
among
her
Royal
Ancestors
,
in
Westminster
.
In
this
Queens
Reign
a
Tempest
happened
,
accompanied
with
prodigious
Thunder
and
Lightening
,
and
in
Notinghamshire
it
threw
down
many
Churches
and
Houses
,
tore
up
huge
Trees
,
threw
the
Bells
out
of
Steeples
,
and
took
off
Sheets
of
Lead
,
writhed
them
together
like
a
Glove
,
and
threw
them
400
Foot
from
their
place
:
A
Child
was
taken
by
the
force
of
the
Tempest
,
out
of
a
Mans
Arms
a
great
height
,
and
Dyed
by
the
fall
.
Five
or
Six
People
were
Kill'd
,
and
many
Cattle
,
by
Hail-Stones
Fifteen
Inches
in
Circumference
.
A
great
Mortality
happened
at
the
time
of
the
Queens
Death
,
which
fell
mostly
on
the
Clergy
;
and
of
that
burning
Feaver
13
Bishops
dyed
,
besides
a
great
Number
of
Priests
,
and
others
;
also
Cardinal
Poole
.
A
Brief
Chronology
of
Martyrs
,
and
famous
Men
and
Women
that
have
Suffered
the
Flames
,
and
other
Tortures
and
Persecutions
under
Popery
in
England
,
before
and
since
the
happy
Reformation
:
With
the
Exhortations
and
Dying
Words
of
the
most
Eminent
of
them
.
ACcording
to
my
Promise
(
tho'
this
History
by
reason
of
many
things
occuring
,
swells
to
more
Sheets
than
my
intended
Brevery
designed
it
)
I
shall
in
this
place
set
down
together
,
a
Summary
Account
of
the
Persons
who
have
Suffered
in
England
for
the
sake
of
a
good
Conscience
;
and
could
think
it
no where
more
fitly
to
be
placed
,
than
after
a
Reign
,
wherein
the
Blood
of
those
of
the
Reformed
Church
,
was
shed
like
Water
;
yet
Dyed
with
such
Constancy
as
amazed
and
startled
their
cruel
Persecutors
.
I
have
already
spoke
somthing
of
our
English
Martyrs
,
after
the
Kings
Reigns
wherein
they
were
Persecuted
,
but
for
Brevity
having
omitted
many
,
I
now
come
to
place
them
closer
together
,
that
a
better
view
may
be
taken
,
and
the
Method
by
its
plainness
,
more
easily
understood
.
Know
then
,
That
when
the
Purity
of
the
Primitive
Churches
was
Clouded
,
and
almost
Obscured
by
the
Romish
Traditions
,
Errors
,
and
Superstitions
,
to
make
Godliness
in
the
Litteral
worldly
sense
,
a
Gain
,
by
leading
People
into
Ignorance
and
blind
Devotion
in
keeping
the
Word
of
God
from
their
Knowledge
,
and
in
its
stead
,
imposing
the
Doctrine
of
Men
,
not
agreeable
with
it
,
God
in
his
great
Mercy
was
pleased
to
raise
up
such
Instruments
,
as
laboured
to
rekindle
that
Light
,
wicked
and
designing
Rome
had
near
extinguished
;
who
for
the
sake
of
Gods
Holy
Truth
,
exposed
themselves
to
the
fury
of
the
Adversary
;
and
as
in
other
Nations
there
were
many
,
so
in
England
faithful
Witnesses
were
not
wanting
,
very
early
to
lay
down
their
Lives
.
I
shall
not
look
back
so
far
as
the
Persecutions
under
the
Heathen
Roman
Emperours
,
Saxons
,
and
Danes
,
for
tho'
they
were
very
grievous
,
yet
more
Cruel
ensued
under
the
Tyranny
of
that
which
calles
it self
Christian
Rome
,
or
the
Roman
Catholick
Church
.
For
after
John
Wickliff
,
William
Wickham
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
and
many
other
Learned
Men
,
had
Lighted
the
Candle
,
as
I
may
term
it
,
and
opened
the
Eyes
of
many
in
this
and
the
Neighboring
Nations
,
to
discern
Truth
from
Falshood
(
and
of
this
we
have
just
cause
to
Glory
,
since
the
Reformation
in
all
Churches
was
grounded
on
it
)
True
Religion
soon
raised
her
Head
;
and
tho'
Cruel
Adversaries
made
her
Proselites
few
for
a
time
,
their
Constancy
and
Zeal
was
very
great
.
In
the
Year
1380
Vter
Bolton
and
John
Asherly
were
severly
Persecuted
;
and
soon
after
Walter
Bruce
,
John
Ashton
,
John
Patescul
,
and
divers
more
,
some
of
which
are
mentioned
in
the
History
;
but
as
yet
it
began
not
to
grow
up
to
Flames
,
but
by
degrees
it
did
;
for
William
Swinderly
was
Burnt
in
Smithfield
;
also
William
Thorp
,
and
divers
others
,
Stigmatized
,
Banished
,
Whipped
,
and
Starved
in
Goals
;
the
Popes
in
whose
time
they
Lived
,
Inciting
and
Encouraging
their
Clergy
here
,
to
pursue
them
with
all
Violence
and
utmost
Rigor
.
So
that
in
the
Year
1417
,
the
Lord
Cobham
was
Burnt
Hanging
on
a
Gallows
,
in
St
Gilse's
Fields
,
and
soon
after
William
White
,
John
Purrey
and
Richard
White
,
confessing
their
Faith
,
and
Dying
with
Courage
and
Christian
bravery
,
for
the
sake
of
a
good
Conscience
;
and
Peter
Clark
being
forced
to
fly
for
maintaining
Wickliff's
Doctrine
,
from
Scripture
and
Fathers
,
was
taken
beyond
the
Seas
and
put
to
Death
by
exquisit
Torments
,
viz.
His
Tongue
cut
out
,
then
Hanged
by
the
Heels
,
and
a
slow
Fire
made
under
him
till
he
Dyed
.
Roger
Overly
,
for
speaking
against
the
Mass
,
and
other
Superstitions
,
and
offering
to
prove
them
not
consonant
to
the
Word
of
God
,
was
Executed
.
And
to
put
a
Scandal
on
the
Professors
of
the
Truth
,
they
Nick-Named
them
Lollards
,
and
their
common
Prison
was
called
the
Lollards
Tower
.
But
Persecution
rather
encreased
than
diminished
their
Number
,
as
appears
by
the
largness
of
their
Assemblies
,
some
to
Teach
and
others
to
Hear
:
For
one
of
these
Meetings
being
surprised
in
St.
Gilses
Fields
,
Anno
1415
,
by
Armed
Force
,
and
wrongfully
charged
as
a
Riotous
or
Tumultuous
Meeting
,
tending
to
Insurrection
and
Rebellion
,
it
was
by
Popish
Judges
construed
a
Treasonable
Act
;
and
hereupon
Roger
Acton
,
John
Beverly
,
John
Brown
,
and
about
36
more
,
were
Drawn
,
Hanged
and
Quartered
,
in
the
Place
where
they
met
;
and
John
Claydon
and
Benidict
Vlman
Burned
;
and
about
100
others
Languished
in
Prison
,
till
most
of
them
Dyed
.
In
Henry
the
Sixth's
time
,
William
Taylor
,
for
embracing
the
Doctrine
Wickliff
had
Taught
,
was
Burnt
in
Smithfield
;
Henry
Web
and
Henry
Florence
Scourged
unmercifully
,
and
120
Imprisoned
and
Tortured
divers
ways
;
and
some
suffered
the
Flames
,
among
whom
William
White
and
Richard
Hovelden
were
Burnt
.
Soon
after
this
,
Thomas
Baly
and
Richard
Wiche
,
both
Ministers
,
were
burnt
,
one
in
Smithfield
,
and
the
other
on
Tower-Hill
.
In
Edward
the
Fourth's
Reign
,
John
Huss
,
or
Goose
,
was
burnt
;
and
in
Henry
the
Seventh's
,
Jane
Boughton
,
a
Woman
of
Fourscore
Years
of
Age
,
was
burnt
in
Norfolk
,
another
in
Smithfield
,
several
Branded
,
and
others
did
Pennance
,
going
in
their
Shirts
,
with
Ropes
about
their
Necks
,
and
carrying
Faggots
on
their
Backs
;
and
Will
.
T●lsworth
,
being
Condemned
as
a
Heretick
for
owning
the
Scriptures
for
the
true
Rule
of
Faith
and
saving
Knowlidge
,
and
denying
the
Romish
Traditions
,
and
Image
Worship
,
&c.
to
make
the
flaming
Scene
more
dreadful
,
being
bound
to
a
Stake
in
Amersham
,
and
the
Wood
placed
about
him
,
they
compelled
his
own
Daughter
with
a
Torch
to
Light
his
Funeral
Pile
;
whilst
he
was
Singing
and
Rejoycing
in
his
Martyrdom
till
the
Flames
stopped
his
Breath
,
and
his
Soul
mounted
on
Firy
Wings
to
Everlasting
Rest
.
And
about
two
Years
after
,
in
Buckinghamshire
,
were
Burned
John
Melton
,
Tho.
Bernard
,
and
one
Roberts
,
taking
that
cruel
Death
with
admirable
Patience
and
Cherfulness
.
Thomas
Norrice
Suffered
in
the
like
manner
at
Norwich
,
and
Tho.
Guest
at
Salisbury
;
and
a
Woman
at
Chiping
Sudbury
;
and
in
this
Reign
several
other
Persons
in
divers
Places
,
some
against
whom
there
were
no
colourable
Accusations
,
after
severe
Rackings
and
Torturings
,
were
found
Murthered
in
Goals
,
and
Hundreds
fled
into
Germany
,
&c.
Cardinal
Wolsey
in
the
beginning
of
Henry
the
Eighth's
Reign
,
doing
all
under
him
,
or
rather
above
him
,
(
for
he
did
only
what
he
pleased
)
to
ingratiate
himself
with
the
Court
of
Rome
,
as
aiming
at
the
Pontificate
,
loosed
the
Reins
of
Persecution
against
those
that
had
separated
themselves
from
the
Romish
Churches
;
for
indeed
about
this
time
two
things
mainly
encreased
the
Gospel
Professors
in
England
and
other
Nations
,
viz.
One
,
The
appearance
of
Martin
Luther
in
Germany
,
who
openly
with
all
his
might
opposed
it
,
and
had
gained
some
Princes
to
his
side
;
and
the
other
,
the
Noble
Mystery
of
Printing
,
which
began
to
be
much
used
,
whereby
good
Books
were
more
easily
Promulgated
,
and
Dispersed
through
divers
Nations
,
in
their
proper
Languages
.
These
alarmed
the
Pope
and
his
Clergy
,
fearful
of
their
Diana
,
Profit
,
to
raise
dreadful
Persecutions
against
the
Professors
of
the
Gospel
,
raging
against
them
even
to
Madness
;
and
of
this
England
now
had
a
smarting
share
.
For
in
the
Year
1511
,
John
Brewster
and
William
Sweeting
were
Burnt
in
Smithfield
,
and
also
Robert
Harrison
,
William
Carder
,
and
Agnese
Greble
,
the
Husband
and
Daughter
being
forced
in
as
Witnesses
to
take
away
the
Life
of
the
latter
;
and
one
Mr.
Stye
,
for
having
the
Book
of
Revelations
in
English
,
was
Burnt
with
that
and
other
good
Books
hanging
about
his
Neck
in
a
String
,
in
the
●ashion
of
Popish
Beads
;
and
five
Persons
for
Reading
the
four
Evangelists
in
English
,
were
Accused
for
having
in
their
possession
and
Reading
Heretical
Books
,
containing
many
Damnable
Opinions
;
and
in
the
Year
1514
,
Richard
Hun
was
found
Murthered
in
the
Lollards
Castle
,
after
many
Torments
and
much
Cruelty
had
been
excercised
towards
him
.
However
,
their
Mallice
extended
to
his
dead
Body
,
for
it
was
committed
to
the
Flames
;
and
about
this
time
John
Stile
,
John
Brown
and
Thomas
Man
,
were
Burnt
in
Smithfield
;
Robert
Cousens
at
Buckingham
,
Christopher
Shoomaker
at
Newbury
,
Robert
and
Richard
Bartlet
and
John
Scrivener
likewise
suffer'd
the
Flames
after
all
ways
had
been
in
vain
used
to
make
them
Renounce
their
Profession
;
and
thinking
to
terrify
the
latter
,
his
Children
were
compelled
to
set
Fire
to
the
pile
that
burnt
him
.
In
the
Year
1519
,
Six
Persons
were
Burnt
at
Coventry
,
and
soon
after
them
Thomas
Harding
and
Robert
Silkeb
.
And
the
Body
of
William
Tracy
Esq
in
Gloucestershire
,
because
his
Executors
refused
to
Pay
for
Singing
his
Soul
out
of
Purgatory
,
was
dug
up
and
burnt
,
being
Charged
(
for
the
fore-mentioned
reason
)
to
have
dyed
a
Heretick
:
One
Richard
Brayfield
who
had
been
a
Monk
at
Bury
in
Suffolk
,
but
left
it
,
upon
seeing
the
Debauched
and
Dissolute
Lives
of
the
other
Monasticks
,
was
accused
of
Heresy
,
hurry'd
to
a
Dungeon
,
Bound
,
Gagg'd
,
and
Whipt
,
and
then
standing
to
his
Profession
of
that
Truth
Recorded
in
Holy
Writ
,
opposite
to
the
Romish
Tenents
,
he
was
Degraded
and
Condemned
;
when
being
Burnt
in
London
,
the
Fire
was
on
purpose
made
so
scanty
that
he
continued
in
it
half
an
Hour
Alive
,
without
Complaining
;
and
his
Left
Arm
being
burnt
,
he
cherfully
rubbed
it
with
his
Right
Hand
,
so
that
it
fell
into
the
Fire
;
and
so
in
Prayers
,
without
moving
his
Body
,
he
cherfully
ended
his
days
in
a
bed
of
flames
.
Some
that
were
Imprisoned
they
fed
with
Sawdust
,
some
were
kept
continually
in
the
Stocks
with
great
Waights
on
their
Leggs
,
some
with
Manacles
and
bars
of
Iron
fixed
about
their
Necks
,
and
many
Rack'd
till
they
were
Lamed
and
Distorted
in
Body
.
James
Bainham
,
John
Tewsbury
,
Valentine
Sheaf
,
and
his
Wife
,
John
Bent
,
and
Mr.
Trapnel
suffered
the
Flames
;
three
Persons
were
Hanged
in
Chains
,
and
Starved
to
Death
,
for
burning
a
Wooden
Image
called
the
Rood
,
at
Dover
Court
;
Andrew
Honor
,
John
Frith
,
Thomas
Bennet
,
John
Lambert
,
William
Tindal
,
William
Leighton
and
Mr.
Collier
,
a
Lawyer
,
suffered
the
Flames
,
accused
for
Lutherans
;
for
so
now
they
termed
the
Professors
of
the
Gospel
Truths
.
And
a
little
while
after
,
Dr.
Barns
,
William
Hieron
,
Thomas
Garret
,
made
their
passage
from
this
to
a
better
World
,
through
the
Fire
in
Smithfield
.
Anthony
Parker
,
Henry
Filmer
,
and
Robert
Testwood
,
were
Burnt
at
Windsor
,
and
many
Dyed
in
Prison
,
some
Natural
Deaths
,
others
suspected
to
be
Murthered
.
In
the
Year
1541
,
Kerby
and
Clarke
were
Burnt
at
Ipswich
,
and
Bury
,
and
Anno
1546
Mrs.
Ann
Askew
(
a
Gentlewoman
belonging
to
Queen
Catharine
Par
,
because
she
would
not
accuse
the
Queen
and
other
great
Ladies
,
of
favouring
the
Lutheran
Tenents
)
was
put
upon
the
Rack
:
Wriothsley
the
Chancellor
playing
the
part
of
the
Hangman
,
in
Torturing
and
Stretching
her
Limbs
;
but
tho'
he
Sweat
at
this
barbarous
Work
,
she
bore
it
wi●●out
a
Sigh
,
or
Groan
,
till
the
Bloodthirsty
Wretch
was
weary
with
Tormenting
her
;
yet
being
Condemned
for
Heresy
,
she
was
burnt
in
Smithfield
;
where
she
Dyed
with
such
Constancy
,
Courage
,
and
composedness
of
Mind
,
that
by
her
Death
many
,
who
saw
her
suffer
,
were
Converted
;
and
at
the
same
time
and
place
suffered
in
the
●●ames
Nicholas
Bellerian
,
a
Minister
,
John
Addams
a
Taylor
,
and
John
Lassets
,
a
Gentleman
belonging
to
the
Court
;
who
were
much
encouraged
to
undergo
their
Sufferings
,
as
having
beheld
the
Constancy
and
Patience
of
Mrs.
Askew
:
And
Sir
.
John
Blage
a
Gentleman
of
the
Kings
Privy-Chamber
,
was
by
the
Romish
Bishops
Condemned
for
Speaking
against
the
Efficacy
of
the
Mass
;
but
by
the
Earl
of
Bedford's
Intercession
Pardoned
;
when
the
King
soon
after
meeting
him
,
said
,
Ah
my
Pigg
how
do'st
thou
?
Truly
,
reply'd
the
Knight
(
feelingly
)
If
your
Majesty
had
not
been
kinder
to
mee
than
your
Bishops
,
your
Pigg
had
been
Roasted
long
ere
now
.
Soon
after
this
Bishop
Gardener
procured
the
King
to
put
out
a
Proclamation
for
taking
away
the
use
of
the
Scriptures
,
and
all
other
Books
in
English
,
that
might
Enlighten
the
People
in
the
ways
of
Truth
,
or
that
shewed
them
the
Absurdities
of
the
Romish
Practices
;
which
much
rejoyced
the
Popish
Clergy
,
who
supposed
by
this
they
had
gained
a
main
Point
,
to
Exterpate
those
of
the
New
upstart
Religion
,
as
they
called
them
;
tho'
indeed
what
they
sincerely
Professed
,
was
as
Antient
as
Christ
and
his
Apostles
being
upon
Earth
;
but
God
blasted
this
design
,
by
putting
an
end
to
this
King
,
in
the
expiration
of
his
Life
,
when
he
had
waded
through
a
Sea
(
for
the
most
part
)
of
Innocent
Blood
,
incited
thereto
by
the
cruel
Principles
and
sinister
Designs
of
the
Popish
Clergy
.
And
so
on
King
Edward
the
Sixth's
coming
to
the
Crown
,
a
happy
Reformation
ensued
;
but
whether
God
was
angry
with
us
for
not
making
a
right
use
of
his
Favours
and
Indulgence
so
mercifully
extended
towards
us
,
or
intended
to
try
the
Faith
,
Constancy
,
and
Patience
of
those
he
designed
for
Vessels
of
Honour
,
I
determine
not
;
but
that
Good
Prince
being
taken
to
a
better
Life
after
a
short
Reign
,
Mary
his
Eldest
Sister
Succeeding
him
,
set
open
again
the
flood-gates
of
Persecution
,
by
restoring
the
Popes
Supremacy
,
and
by
severe
Lawes
made
by
a
Popish
Parliament
,
strictly
Prohibiting
the
excercise
of
the
Protestant
Religion
;
for
so
now
it
was
called
,
from
some
Cities
and
Provinces
in
Germany
,
Protesting
against
the
Romish
Errors
and
Superstitions
;
yet
so
mightily
were
the
Professors
of
it
strengthened
by
the
Divine
assistance
,
that
neither
Flames
nor
other
Tortures
,
could
bring
about
her
purposes
.
But
after
she
had
put
divers
of
the
Nobility
to
Death
,
who
stood
in
the
way
to
hinder
the
introducing
Popery
,
under
pretence
of
their
opposing
her
coming
to
the
Crown
,
&c.
which
see
at
large
in
her
Reign
,
she
and
her
Counsellors
singled
out
the
most
Eminent
of
the
Reformed
Clergy
,
dooming
them
before-hand
to
Death
,
thinking
thereby
to
terrify
those
of
a
meaner
Rank
into
any
compliance
that
should
be
required
;
whereupon
they
were
dispossessed
of
their
Bishopricks
,
and
Popish
Bishops
Officiated
.
Thomas
Cranmer
,
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
was
sent
to
the
Tower
;
and
to
put
a
more
colourable
gloss
on
this
Design
,
a
Disputation
was
appointed
at
Oxford
between
the
Reformed
and
Romish
Clergy
,
which
was
willingly
undertaken
against
all
Opponents
by
Arch-Bishop
Cranmer
,
Nicholas
Ridley
Bishop
of
London
,
and
Hugh
Latimer
who
had
been
Bishop
of
Worcester
.
The
chief
Points
to
be
Disputed
on
was
about
the
Sacrament
of
the
Lords
Supper
;
and
tho'
they
were
shut
up
in
Prisons
,
had
no
Books
,
nor
Friends
to
Conferr
with
,
and
a
short
warning
;
yet
on
their
several
Days
,
notwithstanding
the
Noise
,
Clammour
,
Reproaches
,
and
great
Numbers
of
their
Opposers
,
one
by
one
,
suffering
the
violence
of
many
at
once
,
without
Order
,
Measure
,
or
Modesty
,
Confuted
their
Adversaries
to
that
degree
,
with
found
Reasons
,
and
Arguments
from
Scripture
,
Fathers
,
and
the
Use
of
the
Primitive
Church
,
That
being
non
plussed
,
all
they
in
a
Rage
could
retort
was
,
viz.
You
have
the
Word
,
and
we
have
the
Sword
;
see
which
is
likeliest
to
prevail
.
And
indeed
the
Disputation
finished
,
they
passed
Sentence
of
Death
upon
those
venerable
Prelates
,
That
they
should
be
Burnt
as
Hereticks
;
which
Sentence
they
received
with
great
Alacrity
and
Constancy
of
Mind
;
Lattimer
expressing
much
Joy
that
the
pleasure
of
God
was
such
,
that
being
near
Fourscore
Years
of
Age
,
he
should
have
so
happy
a
Period
as
Martyrdom
;
and
so
they
were
remanded
to
Prison
to
expect
it
at
the
leasure
of
their
Enemies
;
and
indeed
their
Execution
was
delay'd
a
considerable
time
,
in
hopes
they
would
have
Recanted
;
but
at
length
Ridley
and
Lattimer
were
brought
to
the
Town
Ditch
in
Oxford
,
and
bound
to
the
Stake
,
Exhorting
the
People
to
a
constant
perseverance
in
the
True
Religion
,
and
recommending
their
Souls
into
the
hands
of
Almighty
God
,
Sung
even
in
the
Flames
,
and
so
made
an
exchange
of
Earth
for
Heaven
.
Whilst
Cranmer
from
his
Prison
beheld
the
dismal
Spectacle
,
and
on
his
Knees
was
Praying
that
their
Faith
and
Constancy
might
not
fail
in
this
their
Firey
Tryal
.
The
Archbishops
Death
was
deferred
for
a
time
,
but
the
Pope
sending
an
Express
Order
to
Degrade
him
,
and
deliver
him
over
to
the
Secular
Power
,
to
be
burnt
within
Ten
Days
,
committing
the
Degrading
part
to
Thurlby
Bishop
of
Ely
,
and
Bonner
Bishop
of
London
,
who
succeeded
Ridley
;
which
done
the
Aged
Prelate
was
so
cunningly
dealt-with
by
one
Fryar
John
,
a
Spaniard
,
That
he
prevailed
over
his
Humane-Frailty
in
desiring
Life
,
upon
promising
a
Pardon
and
Advancement
,
to
Recant
his
former
Tenents
,
and
be
reconciled
to
the
Church
of
Rome
;
whereupon
he
Subscribed
a
Writing
to
that
purpose
;
but
Cardinal
●ool
(
●or
●ardener
was
Dead
,
who
had
designed
it
for
himself
)
wanting
the
●rchb●shoprick
,
The
old
Popish
Maxim
of
No
Faith
to
be
kept
with
Here●●ke
,
was
turned
upon
him
;
and
in
the
height
of
expectation
of
●ire
,
he
was
brought
to
Execution
;
and
tho'
they
certified
him
there
was
no
hopes
of
Pardon
,
but
he
must
instantly
suffer
the
Flames
,
yet
they
used
many
Perswasions
to
induce
him
to
a
Publick
Recantation
before
he
went
to
the
Stake
;
shewing
him
the
Writing
he
had
Signed
,
at
the
sight
of
which
he
burst
out
into
Tears
:
Then
in
a
composed
Temper
,
addressing
himself
to
the
People
,
after
he
had
Exhorted
them
in
moving
words
to
amend
their
Lives
,
and
bring
forth
Fruits
worthy
of
a
Christian
Profession
,
he
repeated
the
principal
Articles
of
the
Christian
Religion
,
Explained
his
own
Opinion
,
and
professed
the
Kingdom
of
Antichrist
was
contained
in
the
Papacy
,
and
upheld
by
the
Popes
Authority
:
And
Lastly
,
he
shewed
how
greatly
he
had
offended
God
by
his
Recantation
;
Professing
that
his
Right
Hand
,
which
had
rashly
Signed
it
,
should
first
feel
the
Punishment
But
here
he
was
so
Interrupted
by
the
Clamours
and
Railings
of
the
Popish
Priests
,
that
he
could
be
heard
but
little
more
;
and
then
being
clad
in
very
vile
Garments
,
and
hurry'd
to
the
Stake
,
with
many
Taunts
and
bitter
Scoffs
,
when
the
Fire
was
lighted
,
he
stretched
his
Right
Hand
into
the
Flame
,
and
drew
it
not
back
,
unless
once
seeming
to
wipe
his
Beard
,
till
it
droped
off
;
and
the
Flames
raging
high
,
he
lift
up
his
Eyes
and
left
and
towards
Heaven
,
crying
out
,
Lord
receive
my
Soul
,
and
Dyed
;
not
moving
his
Body
whilst
he
had
Life
.
And
when
the
whole
Frame
was
consumed
,
his
Heart
was
found
whole
and
unsinged
by
the
Fire
,
in
which
God
himself
,
by
a
Miracle
,
gave
testimony
that
his
Heart
was
upright
with
him
:
And
this
in
any
of
the
Popish
Faction
,
would
have
been
sufficient
for
a
Canonization
,
and
crowded
for
a
place
in
the
Calender
among
their
Adored
Saints
.
And
soon
after
the
Bodies
of
two
Learned
Men
,
viz.
Martin
Bucer
and
Paulus
Phagius
,
were
(
a
long
time
after
they
had
been
buried
)
dug
up
,
accused
of
Heresie
,
and
burnt
in
the
Market-place
in
Cambridge
;
and
Peter
Martyr's
Wife
dug
up
likewise
,
and
buried
in
a
Dunghill
;
so
it
appears
their
Rage
and
Mallice
extended
as
well
to
the
Dead
,
as
the
Living
.
And
Cardinal
Pool
immediatly
entered
upon
the
Archbishoprick
,
which
before
was
only
sequestered
.
Whilst
these
Great
Men
fell
,
those
of
a
lower
Rank
escaped
not
;
for
Mr.
John
Rogers
(
who
in
King
Henry
the
Eighth's
Reign
,
had
fled
,
and
associated
himself
with
the
famous
Tindal
,
after
his
Death
returned
into
England
,
in
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
Sixth
,
and
was
made
a
Prebend
of
St.
Pauls
by
Bishop
Ridley
)
being
taken
and
cast
in
Prison
,
Sentence
of
Death
passed
upon
him
to
be
burnt
,
which
pain
he
endured
with
great
Constancy
and
undauntedness
of
Spirit
,
Exhorting
his
Wife
and
Ten
Children
,
who
weeping
came
to
take
their
leave
of
him
,
to
part
with
him
Joyfully
,
and
Trust
in
God
,
who
would
be
a
better
Husband
and
Father
to
them
.
Doctor
John
Hooper
Bishop
of
Gloucester
,
came
in
for
a
Crown
among
the
number
of
these
Martyrs
,
and
they
having
Condemned
him
,
he
was
sent
down
to
Gloucester
to
be
burnt
;
where
(
as
they
said
)
he
had
done
the
greatest
mischief
,
in
sowing
the
Seeds
of
Heresie
;
and
there
in
mallice
,
because
he
earnestly
Exhorted
the
People
to
be
Constant
in
a
steadfast
Faith
,
and
not
to
adheare
to
the
destructive
Tenents
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
they
Burnt
him
with
Green
Wood
,
so
that
his
Leggs
and
part
of
his
Thighs
were
consumed
whilst
he
continued
Praying
and
Exhorting
the
People
,
yet
in
these
Torments
he
declared
he
was
as
Easie
as
in
a
Bed
of
Roses
.
Dr.
Robert
Ferrar
Bishop
of
Carmarden
,
was
likewise
brought
on
the
stage
,
for
thwarting
Bishop
Gardener's
Humour
;
and
being
Condemned
as
a
Heretick
by
Dr.
Morgan
,
who
had
been
thrust
into
his
Bishoprick
,
there
happened
but
a
short
space
between
that
and
his
suffering
the
Flames
in
Carmarden-Market-Place
,
expressing
a
firmness
of
Mind
,
and
much
resolution
in
undergoing
his
Torments
,
accusing
Gardener
of
his
Death
,
and
Citing
him
to
Answer
it
before
God's
High
Tribunal
.
Rowland
Taylor
,
an
Eminent
Minister
of
Hadley
,
being
accused
as
the
former
,
was
sent
to
that
Parish
to
be
Burnt
,
where
he
was
Lamented
by
all
sorts
of
People
,
especially
the
Poor
,
to
whom
he
had
been
very
Charitable
,
calling
out
the
Almes-People
by
Name
,
and
giving
them
then
what
Money
he
had
,
Exhorting
them
to
follow
the
Doctrine
he
had
Taught
them
;
and
coming
to
the
Stake
,
he
Merrily
said
,
Now
many
would
be
deceived
;
whereat
a
Popish
Priest
supposing
he
would
have
Recanted
,
urged
him
to
it
with
promises
and
hopes
of
longer
Life
;
but
he
smilingly
Reply'd
,
You
mistake
my
meaning
,
I
do
not
intend
by
the
Grace
of
God
any
that
I
have
Preached
his
Word
to
,
shall
find
me
Contradict
what
I
have
Taught
,
for
Life
or
any
other
thing
;
but
once
supposing
to
have
been
Buried
in
Hadly
-
Church-Yard
,
the
Worms
will
be
deceived
,
because
my
Corpulent
Body
that
might
have
fed
them
,
must
now
be
Burnt
to
Ashes
.
Besides
these
,
divers
others
of
Note
were
Burnt
,
as
Lawrence
Saunders
,
a
famous
Preacher
at
Coventry
,
John
Cardmaker
,
Chancellour
of
Wells
and
Bath
.
At
London
,
John
Bradford
,
a
Man
Eminent
for
his
Learning
and
Sanctity
,
in
Smithfield
;
At
which
place
also
suffered
in
the
Flames
that
Eminent
and
Holy
Martyr
Mr.
John
Philpot
,
saying
at
his
Martyrdom
,
I
will
pay
my
Vows
in
thee
O
Smithfield
.
And
with
him
suffered
a
little
Youth
,
praising
God
and
Rejoyceing
in
the
Flames
.
Yet
this
Issue
of
Blood
staid
not
;
for
Tho.
Tompkins
,
whose
Hand
Bonner
Bishop
of
London
burnt
in
Prison
,
to
try
his
Constancy
,
which
he
endured
with
much
Patience
,
was
burnt
in
Smithfield
;
also
William
Hawtree
;
And
in
Essex
,
Stephen
Knight
,
William
Pigot
,
and
John
Lawrence
;
Rawlins
White
at
Cardiff
,
William
Flower
and
George
Marshal
at
Westminster
,
and
John
Warn
in
Smithfield
.
And
now
the
Go●ls
being
full
,
and
complaint
made
by
the
Pope
to
the
King
and
Queen
,
That
Hereticks
were
not
so
severely
dealt-with
as
beyond
the
Seas
,
they
sent
to
Bonner
(
prone
enough
of
himself
to
Cruelty
)
that
he
should
disincumber
the
Prisons
in
his
Diocess
,
by
sending
such
as
were
Condemned
to
Execution
,
and
proceed
to
the
Tryals
of
the
rest
.
In
obedience
to
this
bloody
Command
,
he
Condemned
John
Ardely
and
John
Sympson
,
who
were
burnt
in
Essex
,
and
Thomas
Wats
,
Tho.
Hawks
,
Tho.
Osmond
,
William
Bamford
,
Tho.
Osburn
,
Inhabitants
of
Cogshal
in
Essex
,
being
Committed
for
not
Receiving
the
Easter
Sacrament
,
were
Condemned
and
Burnt
in
several
places
of
that
County
.
John
Bland
,
Nic●olas
Shetterden
,
John
Frakesh
and
Humphery
Middleton
,
also
suffered
the
Flames
;
and
a
while
after
,
by
the
same
Cruelty
,
fell
Nicholas
Hall
,
John
Harpole
,
Christopher
Wade
,
and
Margery
Boley
.
In
Kent
,
John
Launder
,
Derick
Carver
,
Tho.
Iveson
,
John
Denby
,
James
Abbes
,
John
Newman
,
Patrick
Packingham
,
and
Richard
Hook
,
suffered
the
Flames
.
Robert
Samuel
a
Minister
,
was
Burnt
at
Norwich
,
two
more
at
Ipswich
,
five
in
the
Diocess
of
Canterbury
;
for
Bonner
especially
took
as
much
pleasure
in
Condemning
these
Good
People
,
and
sending
them
to
the
Flames
,
as
Domitian
did
in
Torturing
Flys
.
Seven
were
Burnt
in
one
Fire
in
Smithfield
,
four
in
Canterbury
;
A
Woman
as
she
was
Burning
in
the
Isle
of
Guernsey
,
had
a
Child
sprung
out
of
her
Womb
,
which
the
Cruel
Torturers
threw
again
into
the
Flames
.
To
be
brief
and
not
tire
your
Patience
,
in
drawing
so
Tragical
a
Scene
too
wide
,
There
were
in
this
short
Raign
consumed
in
the
Flames
,
for
the
Confession
of
a
Good
Faith
,
277
of
all
Ages
and
Sexes
,
viz.
Five
Bishops
,
21
Divines
,
8
Gentlemen
,
4
Tradesmen
,
100
Husbandmen
,
Servants
and
Labourers
,
26
Wives
,
20
Widows
and
Virgins
,
2
Boys
,
and
1
Infant
.
Besides
these
,
7
were
Whipped
,
one
to
Death
;
16
perished
in
Prisons
,
12
were
Buried
in
Dunghills
,
and
many
lay
Condemned
in
Expectation
of
the
Firey
Tryal
,
and
some
Hundreds
fled
beyond
the
Seas
;
but
the
death
of
this
Queen
,
who
gave
way
to
so
much
Cruelty
,
put
an
end
to
the
Persecution
,
the
stream
of
Blood
being
thereby
stopped
.
And
before
this
time
,
and
soon
after
,
most
of
the
Persecutors
were
overtaken
by
Gods
Judgments
,
and
came
to
Miserable
and
Detested
Ends.
Some
were
Executed
for
several
heinious
Crimes
,
others
wandered
beyond
the
Seas
,
till
they
Perished
;
and
some
were
Eaten
up
by
Vermin
.
And
thus
,
Reader
,
have
I
heitherto
made
good
my
Promise
;
and
now
passing
over
this
Acaldama
,
or
Field
of
Blood
,
I
lead
you
to
a
more
diverting
Theme
.
The
Reign
of
Queen
ELIZABETH
.
ELIZABETH
Youngest
Daughter
to
Henry
the
Eighth
,
after
her
many
Sufferings
in
close
Confinement
,
and
attempts
made
to
take
away
her
Life
,
happily
Succeeded
to
the
Throne
,
and
put
a
stop
to
the
cruel
Persecutions
her
Sister
had
raised
,
on
the
17th
of
November
1558.
And
the
first
publick
Testimony
she
gave
of
her
Princly
Discretion
,
and
Knowledge
in
the
weighty
Affairs
of
State
,
was
to
chuse
a
Wise
and
Learned
Council
,
causing
new
Commissions
and
Instructions
to
be
sent
to
the
several
Ambassadors
in
Forreign
Courts
;
and
desired
by
Sir
Edward
Hern
,
her
Agent
,
who
had
resided
in
Queen
Mary's
Time
at
the
Court
of
Rome
,
That
mutual
Good
Offices
might
pass
between
her
and
the
Pope
in
matters
that
concerned
Publick
Affairs
,
seeing
she
had
happily
Succeeded
her
Sister
on
the
Throne
:
But
the
haughty
Old
Man
would
not
Answer
but
in
his
usual
Dialect
,
viz.
That
the
Kingdom
of
England
was
held
in
Fee
of
the
See
Apostolick
;
That
she
could
not
Succeed
,
being
Illegitimate
;
That
he
could
not
contradict
the
Declarations
of
Clement
the
Seventh
,
and
Paul
the
Third
;
That
it
was
a
great
presumption
to
assume
the
Name
of
Queen
,
and
Government
,
without
his
consent
;
yet
,
being
desirous
to
shew
a
Fatherly
Affection
,
if
she
would
renounce
her
pretentions
to
the
Crown
,
and
refer
herself
wholly
to
his
free
disposition
,
he
would
do
whatever
might
be
done
with
the
Honour
of
the
Apostolick
See
.
The
Queen
,
who
was
well
assured
of
her
Title
to
the
Crown
by
her
Right
,
and
by
the
Estates
in
Parliament
,
little
expecting
such
an
Answer
,
was
very
much
displeased
,
called
home
her
Agent
;
and
from
that
time
resolved
never
more
to
hold
any
Correspondency
with
the
See
of
Rome
.
But
having
refused
the
King
of
Spain's
offers
of
Marriage
with
her
,
counting
the
Dispensation
he
promised
to
procure
at
the
Popes
hands
Unlawful
and
Wicked
,
she
set
her
mind
to
contrive
the
most
easie
and
inofensive
ways
how
to
restore
the
Protestant
Religion
,
consulting
with
those
of
the
greatest
understanding
in
Affairs
of
Church
and
State
:
and
coming
to
some
result
,
she
placed
in
the
Courts
of
Judicature
,
and
Offices
of
greatest
Trust
,
such
Persons
as
were
of
that
Profession
,
or
well
enclined
to
it
:
And
having
wisely
weighed
all
circumstances
,
she
made
provision
against
the
encouragement
and
growth
of
Popery
,
by
restraining
the
Nobles
and
others
from
sending
their
Children
to
be
Educated
beyond
the
Seas
;
and
caused
many
Ceremonies
in
Divine
Worship
,
used
in
the
former
Reign
,
to
be
laid
aside
.
And
so
,
after
the
Funeral
of
her
Sister
,
prepared
for
her
Coronation
;
and
was
in
order
to
it
,
conducted
(
with
extraordinary
Pomp
and
Triumph
)
from
the
Tower
,
through
the
City
,
to
Westminster
,
where
she
was
Invested
with
the
Regal
Ornaments
;
and
was
Crowned
by
the
Bishop
of
Carlile
,
the
other
Bishops
refusing
to
perform
that
Office
,
as
fearing
the
Popes
displeasure
,
or
rather
the
fall
of
the
Romish
Religion
in
this
Kingdom
,
to
which
Alteration
if
they
consented
not
,
they
foresaw
they
must
lose
their
Bishopricks
.
And
now
People
differing
much
in
Points
of
Religion
,
it
was
ordered
by
Proclamation
,
That
none
should
unreverently
speak
of
the
Sacrament
;
and
it
was
alowed
to
be
received
in
both
kinds
;
yet
a
Conferrence
was
appointed
to
be
held
at
Westminster
between
the
Papists
and
the
Protestants
,
upon
these
Considerations
,
viz.
1.
Concerning
Prayer
,
and
the
Administration
of
the
Sacrament
,
in
the
Vulgar-Tongue
.
2.
Concerning
the
Authority
of
the
Church
,
in
Constituting
and
Abrogating
Ceremonies
to
Edification
.
3.
Concerning
the
Sacrifice
of
the
Mass
.
But
the
Papists
in
this
would
come
to
nothing
without
the
Popes
License
;
and
some
of
the
Bishops
threatning
the
Queen
and
her
Nobles
with
Excommunication
if
they
proceeded
to
make
alterations
;
for
their
male-pertness
some
of
them
were
committed
to
Prison
.
The
Queen
appointed
a
Form
of
Common
Prayer
in
English
,
and
settled
the
Reformed
Religion
,
entirely
throwing
off
the
Roman
Yoak
,
and
began
to
apply
herself
to
other
weighty
Affairs
,
sending
to
demand
the
Restitution
of
Callice
,
Lost
in
the
preceding
Reign
;
and
after
many
Debates
it
was
agreed
,
That
the
French
King
should
Enjoy
it
for
the
Term
of
Eight
Years
,
and
that
then
it
should
be
restored
to
the
Queen
of
England
,
or
in
refusal
be
Paid
500000
Crowns
;
and
hereupon
a
Peace
was
Agreed
and
Proclaimed
between
the
two
Nations
,
as
also
between
the
Dauphin
and
the
Queen
of
Scots
his
Wife
;
whereby
Scotland
was
Included
.
Whilst
these
things
were
transacting
,
the
Parliament
Advised
the
Queen
to
Marry
,
leaving
her
entirely
therein
to
her
own
Choice
that
Children
might
be
Born
to
Succeed
her
.
To
which
the
Queen
made
this
reply
,
That
she
was
already
Wedded
,
which
was
,
to
her
Kingdom
and
People
;
and
having
promised
to
take
a
Husband
,
if
so
the
good
of
the
State
should
require
it
,
she
dismissed
those
that
were
sent
to
her
by
both
Houses
,
on
this
Message
:
And
soon
after
came
an
Ambassador
from
the
King
of
Sweden
,
to
propose
a
Marriage
between
her
and
Prince
Ericus
the
Kings
Eldest
Son
;
but
after
he
had
been
sumptuously
Treated
,
he
was
dismissed
with
a
modest
Denial
;
and
tho'
the
Duke
of
Anjou
,
the
Arch
Duke
of
Austria
,
and
others
,
sued
for
her
Favour
,
she
only
gave
them
her
Esteem
,
instead
of
her
Love
;
and
put
them
off
with
fair
words
.
In
the
meantime
the
Scots
destroyed
in
most
parts
of
that
Kingdom
,
the
Religious
Houses
,
Altars
,
Images
,
&c.
declaring
for
a
Reformation
,
which
was
against
their
Queens
mind
:
Whereupon
the
French
,
on
her
Husbands
and
her
part
,
raised
Forces
to
oppose
them
,
which
made
them
send
their
Complaints
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
and
implore
her
assistance
for
the
speedy
driving
out
the
Frenchmen
,
whom
they
said
(
through
their
Queens
favour
)
had
engrossed
all
the
Places
of
Trust
,
Honour
,
and
Profit
,
into
their
Hands
.
This
Queen
Elizabeth
communicating
to
her
Council
,
after
many
Debates
,
to
prevent
the
French
getting
an
inlet
into
England
by
the
way
of
Scotland
,
it
was
agreed
Assistance
should
be
given
to
the
Reformers
:
And
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
was
appointed
Lieutenant
General
of
the
North
,
to
secure
the
Borders
;
and
on
certain
Articles
agreed
,
an
Army
was
sent
into
Scotland
under
the
Command
of
the
Lord
Grey
,
and
Ships
to
Edenborough
Frith
,
who
dislodged
the
French
Men
of
War
that
lay
there
.
This
made
the
French
King
sue
for
Peace
to
the
Queen
;
but
his
suit
was
rejected
on
many
weighty
Considerations
,
tho'
he
promised
at
this
time
to
deliver
up
Callice
in
lieu
thereof
.
However
a
Treaty
was
held
at
Edenborough
;
but
it
came
to
little
,
upon
the
French
King
's
declining
to
Sign
the
Articles
agreed
on
.
And
now
the
Pope
a
Second
time
laboured
to
perswade
the
Queen
to
own
his
Supremacy
,
and
not
separate
England
from
the
Body
of
the
Roman
Catholick
Church
,
but
the
Queen
refusing
to
harken
to
the
Popes
Letters
,
resolved
firmly
to
adhere
to
the
Protestant
Religion
.
And
now
the
Queen
of
Scots
returning
into
that
Kingdom
,
her
Husband
being
Dead
,
sent
a
Letter
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
full
of
kind
expressions
,
to
desire
that
a
sincere
Friendship
might
be
maintained
between
them
;
and
the
Envoy
that
brought
it
,
had
Commission
to
deal
with
the
Queen
to
declare
her
Heir
Apparent
to
the
Kingdom
;
which
was
insinuated
as
the
safest
way
to
continue
Peace
between
the
two
Crowns
.
But
the
Queen
Answered
,
She
would
do
nothing
to
the
prejudice
of
her
Title
,
but
as
to
this
matter
,
she
would
refer
it
to
the
Personal
Conferrence
that
was
to
be
held
shortly
at
York
.
But
that
Interview
was
broken
off
by
the
Papists
contrivance
,
least
it
might
be
a
means
towards
creating
the
Queen
of
Scots
an
inclination
to
the
Reformed
Religion
;
whereupon
the
Queen
,
the
better
to
strengthen
her
Hands
,
built
several
Sail
of
stout
Ships
,
cast
a
great
many
Ordnance
,
and
the
Art
of
Gun-powder-making
in
England
,
was
first
by
her
Encouragement
found
out
;
so
that
having
a
great
Fleet
always
at
Sea
,
she
was
by
Forreigners
stiled
The
Queen
of
the
North
Seas
,
causing
the
Militia
readily
to
be
provided
with
Arms
,
and
frequently
Exercised
.
And
the
Guisean
Faction
labouring
to
destroy
the
Hugonots
,
or
Protestant
Party
in
France
,
constrained
them
for
the
safety
of
their
Lives
to
fall
into
a
Civil
War
.
The
Queen
assisted
the
latter
,
and
had
Haverdegrace
and
New
Haven
put
into
her
Hands
as
Cautionary
Towns
for
the
reimbursment
of
her
Charges
,
when
things
should
be
settled
;
and
to
keep
them
firm
to
her
Interest
,
so
that
they
should
not
make
a
Peace
without
her
consent
;
and
hereupon
she
sent
them
6000
Men
under
the
Command
of
the
Lord
Ambrose
Dudley
,
and
kept
the
Seas
with
a
considerable
Navy
.
Whilst
matters
went
thus
Abroad
,
Designs
were
carrying
on
against
the
Queen
at
Home
;
whereupon
divers
of
Note
,
especially
those
descended
of
the
Blood
Royal
by
the
two
Daughters
of
Henry
the
Seventh
,
were
Imprisoned
.
And
she
calling
a
Parliament
,
an
Act
passed
for
Assurance
of
the
Queens
Royal
Power
and
Authority
over
all
Estates
and
Subjects
within
her
Dominions
:
And
further
Enacted
,
That
the
Oath
of
Supremacy
should
be
administered
to
all
Persons
,
for
the
better
discovery
of
such
as
sided
with
the
Pope
against
her
;
which
much
startled
the
Papists
,
and
made
them
quiet
for
a
time
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
one
of
the
chief
Leaders
of
the
French
Protestants
,
being
Overthrown
at
the
Battel
of
Derux
,
was
taken
Prisoner
;
as
likewise
Sir
Nicholas
Trockmorton
,
who
paying
his
Ransom
was
set
at
Liberty
.
But
the
Admiral
Chastillion
took
so
many
Places
,
as
startled
the
Guises
,
insomuch
that
they
consented
to
an
Edict
of
Pacification
;
whereby
the
Princes
were
to
be
restored
to
the
French
Kings
Favour
.
Conde
,
alured
with
the
hopes
of
the
Lieutenancy
of
France
,
and
a
Marriage
with
the
Queen
of
Scots
,
the
Hugonets
to
enjoy
the
freedom
of
their
Religion
,
&c.
The
Agreement
was
suddainly
made
,
and
the
English
not
only
treacherously
Abandoned
,
but
they
Joyned
with
the
Papists
to
drive
them
out
of
the
places
they
held
,
and
straightly
Besieged
New
Haven
,
which
by
reason
of
the
Plague
raged
grievously
in
it
,
they
had
Surrendered
to
them
.
But
the
Spanish
Greatness
threatning
England
,
and
the
French
offering
reasonable
Terms
,
a
Peace
was
concluded
between
the
two
Crowns
,
and
Ratified
upon
their
delivering
Hostages
to
pay
the
Queen
at
a
set
time
a
large
Sum
of
Money
;
upon
which
the
French
King
was
Invested
with
the
Order
of
the
Garter
:
Hereupon
the
Spaniard
in
a
fret
prohibited
all
Commerce
between
the
English
and
his
Subjects
,
which
made
the
Queen
remove
the
Wooll-Mart
from
Antwerp
to
Ems
in
Frizland
,
but
the
Low
Countries
being
much
Impoverished
thereby
,
the
Edict
was
Repealed
;
and
now
the
Queen
made
her
great
Favourite
Sir
Robert
Dudley
Lord
Denbigh
,
Earl
of
Leicester
,
Knight
of
the
Garter
,
Chancellor
of
Oxford
,
and
Master
of
the
Horse
,
and
this
she
seemed
to
do
the
better
to
qualify
him
for
a
Husband
for
the
Queen
of
Scots
;
but
it
swelled
him
to
that
Ambition
that
he
soon
aspired
to
make
pretentions
to
herself
;
and
the
Queen
of
Scots
soon
after
Married
the
Lord
Darnly
Son
to
the
Duke
of
Lenox
of
the
Royal
Blood
,
and
of
this
Marriage
was
born
James
the
Sixth
of
Scotland
,
and
first
of
England
.
This
not
only
displeased
Queen
Elizabeth
,
but
the
greater
part
of
the
Scots
Nobility
,
because
he
was
scarce
20
Years
of
Age
,
and
easie
to
be
sway'd
any
way
.
However
he
was
sollemnly
Crowned
King
,
but
by
the
contrivance
of
Murray
the
Queen
of
Scots
Bastard
Brother
,
and
others
,
he
some
time
after
was
Blown-up
in
his
Lodging
,
and
his
mangled
Body
thrown
by
the
force
of
the
Pouder
into
the
Garden
.
The
Parliament
of
England
meeting
again
,
humbly
besought
the
Queen
to
Marry
,
but
she
still
declined
it
.
Shortly
after
the
Queen
of
Scots
falling
into
a
Languishing
condition
,
Recommended
her
Son
to
the
Protection
of
Queen
Elizabeth
;
yet
Recovering
,
Earl
Bothwell
,
suspected
to
be
one
with
Murray
in
destroying
Darnley
,
was
forced
to
fly
the
Kingdom
,
and
Murray
raised
a
Party
against
the
Queen
to
Depose
her
;
when
after
some
contesting
,
being
over-powered
,
she
fled
into
England
,
and
craved
Queen
Elizabeth's
Protection
;
but
by
the
Advice
of
some
Counselours
bribed
by
Murray's
Faction
,
in
stead
of
allowing
her
(
tho'
near
in
Blood
)
that
favour
,
she
was
committed
a
Prisoner
in
the
custody
of
the
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
,
and
after
20
Years
Confinement
,
lost
her
Head
,
for
holding
Correspondencies
with
the
Papists
,
to
take
away
the
Life
of
the
Queen
.
A
Passage
having
been
discovered
by
the
English
to
Russia
,
and
great
Privileges
granted
to
the
Merchants
,
The
Czar
or
Emperour
of
Moscovy
and
Russia
sent
his
Ambassadors
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
with
Rich
presents
of
Furrs
,
and
such
other
Commodities
as
his
Country
yielded
;
and
with
them
one
Anthony
Jenkinson
,
an
Englishman
,
who
had
first
Sailed
the
Caspian
Sea
;
his
demands
was
to
make
a
League
Offensive
and
Defensive
with
her
;
but
by
reason
of
the
distance
of
the
place
,
the
Queen
agreed
not
to
the
former
,
but
left
the
latter
indifferent
;
and
so
the
Ambassadors
having
been
highly
Treated
,
were
dismissed
with
a
return
of
Presents
.
In
Ireland
,
Shan
O
Neal
fell
into
Rebellion
,
but
being
defeated
by
the
English
,
and
throwing
himself
on
the
Hebridians
,
he
was
by
them
Slain
after
a
seeming
kind
reception
,
and
the
Earl
of
Desmond
was
seized
and
sent
Prisoner
to
England
,
and
Sir
John
Hawkins
being
in
America
with
some
Ships
,
and
contrary
to
the
Capitulation
,
set-upon
by
the
Spaniard
,
his
Goods
rifled
,
and
some
of
his
Men
slain
,
the
English
Nation
was
so
exasperated
with
the
Treachery
,
that
they
demanded
a
War
with
Spain
,
which
however
at
that
time
was
not
granted
,
for
the
Queen
having
taken
the
French
Protestants
who
were
cruelly
Persecuted
under
Charles
the
Ninth
,
was
employed
to
support
them
with
Money
and
Ammunition
;
and
in
providing
for
such
a
fled
hither
,
tho'
they
had
basely
abandoned
her
at
New
Haven
.
But
the
Duke
of
Alva
,
the
King
of
Spains
General
,
making
fierce
War
in
the
Low
Countries
,
he
brought
in
the
Inquisition
to
Extirpate
the
Protestant
Religion
.
There
,
there
happened
an
Accident
that
opened
a
Breach
between
England
and
Spain
,
viz.
Vast
Sums
of
Money
being
sent
in
a
Spanish
Ship
by
Italian
Merchants
,
to
be
Imployed
in
the
Bank
in
the
Low
Countries
for
the
ruin
of
the
Protestants
there
,
those
Vessells
were
Chased
upon
the
English
Coast
by
some
French
Men
of
War
,
and
the
Money
being
brought
on
Shoar
,
the
Queen
was
Advised
by
her
Privy
Council
to
stay
it
,
and
give
the
Merchants
Owners
Security
for
the
Repaiment
of
it
:
Whereupon
the
Duke
of
Alva
caused
all
the
Goods
and
Effects
of
the
English
in
the
Low
Countries
to
be
seized
,
and
the
Queen
caused
the
same
to
be
done
by
the
Dutch
Merchants
in
England
,
which
were
of
greater
Value
;
and
Commerce
being
Prohibited
,
the
English
removed
the
Staple
to
Hamb
rough
;
and
the
Privatie●s
set
out
so
greatly
Endamaged
the
Spaniard
,
that
the
Queen
was
forced
to
restrain
them
;
yet
the
Duke
of
Alva
secretly
practised
to
raise
Rebellion
in
England
and
Ireland
;
and
the
Earls
of
Northumberland
,
Westmorland
,
and
others
,
did
make
an
Insurrection
in
the
North
,
being
Instigated
to
it
by
Morton
a
Popish
Priest
,
and
by
their
Declaration
Invited
all
the
Roman
Catholicks
to
joyn
them
;
and
at
Durham
To●e
in
pieces
all
the
English
Bibles
and
Common
Prayer
Books
they
could
find
in
the
Churches
;
but
being
Procl●imed
Traytors
,
upon
the
approach
of
the
Queens
Forces
,
they
Fled
with
a
small
company
into
Scotland
,
from
whence
the
Earl
of
Westmoreland
fled
into
the
Low
Countries
,
and
there
Lived
in
a
poor
condition
till
he
Dyed
;
and
divers
being
taken
were
Executed
.
Soon
after
this
,
a
Rebellion
broke
forth
in
Cumberland
,
but
the
Rebells
were
routed
and
dispersed
by
the
Lord
Huns●on
;
and
another
in
Ireland
,
but
quieted
by
the
Lord
Deputy
.
And
one
Felton
by
the
Popes
Command
f●stned
in
the
Night
time
a
Bull
Declaratory
to
the
Bishop
of
Londons
Palace
Gate
,
wherein
he
Absolved
all
the
Queens
Subjects
from
their
Oath
of
Allegiance
;
but
Felton
being
taken
,
Confessing
&
Justifying
the
Fact
,
he
was
Condemned
and
Executed
near
the
place
where
he
fixed
the
Bull
,
it
being
at
that
time
hung
about
his
Neck
.
And
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
having
been
Imprisoned
for
designing
a
Marriage
with
the
Que
n
of
Scots
,
and
endeavouring
her
Escape
,
upon
his
humble
Submission
,
and
a
Writing
●igned
,
wherein
he
promised
never
to
think
of
the
Marriage
,
or
any
thing
derogatory
to
Queen
Elizabeth's
Authority
,
he
was
discharged
.
And
a
great
many
of
the
English
for
sundry
crimes
being
fled
into
Scotland
,
upon
refusal
of
delivering
them
up
,
the
Earl
of
Sussex
and
the
Lord
Scroop
entered
that
Kingdom
with
an
Army
,
and
compelled
the
Scots
of
the
Queens
party
to
abstain
from
Hostility
,
and
utterly
forsake
the
English
Rebells
.
And
a
Rebellion
being
raised
in
Ireland
by
the
Earl
of
Thumond
and
his
adherents
,
the
Earl
fled
into
France
,
for
fear
of
being
delivered
to
the
Lord
Deputy
by
his
Friends
,
but
upon
his
humble
submission
was
restored
to
his
Estate
and
Dignity
;
and
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
being
again
Imprisoned
was
brought
to
his
Tryal
for
High
Treason
;
and
was
thereupon
Condemned
and
lost
his
Head
;
and
soon
after
Dr.
John
Storey
a
great
Persecutor
in
Queen
Mary's
Reign
,
who
was
decoyed
on
Board
an
English
Ship
under
pretence
of
seazing
Prohibited
Goods
,
as
being
made
the
Duke
of
Alva's
chief
Searcher
,
being
Tryed
for
Treason
,
was
found
Guilty
,
and
Executed
at
Tyburn
.
And
Matthew
Stewart
Earl
of
Lenox
the
Young
King
of
Scotland's
Grand-Father
,
and
Regent
of
Scotland
,
being
surprized
by
the
contrary
Faction
,
was
Murthered
,
and
the
Earl
of
Marr
chosen
Regent
,
who
Dyed
within
13
Months
after
.
And
divers
about
this
time
suffered
for
conspiring
the
Queens
Death
.
And
a
League
was
concluded
with
France
;
and
soon
after
at
the
celebration
of
the
Marriage
between
the
King
of
Navar
and
the
Lady
Margaret
,
the
French
Kings
Sister
,
happened
the
cruel
Massacre
at
Paris
,
and
by
the
French
King's
command
the
Protestants
were
Massacred
in
all
the
Provinces
of
that
Kingdom
to
the
Number
of
300000
;
among
them
fell
the
Admiral
Chastillion
,
and
divers
other
Nobles
;
yet
God
delay'd
not
to
Revenge
their
Innocent
Blood
;
for
the
King
Dyed
a
while
after
with
Blood
issuing
from
all
his
Vents
:
The
Duke
of
Guise
,
who
had
contrived
at
one
blow
to
cut
off
all
the
Protestants
in
France
,
was
Murthered
in
his
Palace
by
the
Succeeding
King's
command
,
and
most
of
the
rest
that
had
contrived
this
Tragedy
came
to
untimely
Ends.
The
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
who
since
his
Rebellion
had
sheltered
in
Scotland
,
was
by
the
Earl
of
Morton
delivered
to
the
Lord
Hunsdon
for
a
Sum
of
Money
,
and
soon
after
Beheaded
at
York
.
And
Walter
Devereux
Earl
of
Essex
,
whom
the
Queen
held
in
high
favour
,
being
sent
with
Forces
into
Ireland
to
depress
the
Rebellion
,
and
being
envied
by
some
Great
Men
at
Court
,
in
his
Absence
they
made
Parties
against
him
.
Charging
many
Miscarriages
in
his
Conduct
,
so
that
the
Queen
was
constrained
to
call
him
home
with
a
command
to
resign
up
his
Authority
in
Vlster
;
but
the
Earl
of
Leicester
being
Jealous
of
his
presence
at
Court
,
as
imagining
he
was
not
indifferent
to
the
Queen
,
soon
procured
him
to
be
sent
back
again
with
the
empty
Title
of
Marshal
of
Ireland
,
which
he
took
so
much
to
Heart
,
that
in
a
short
time
he
Dyed
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
Heading
the
Flemings
,
and
they
supplicating
the
Queen
for
Aid
,
after
mature
deliberation
with
her
Council
,
and
the
States
of
the
Low
Countries
putting
Cautionary
Towns
into
her
Hands
for
Security
,
she
sent
over
Forces
and
permitted
as
many
Voluntiers
as
would
to
go
,
and
Casimire
Son
to
the
Elector
Palatine
,
at
the
Queens
charge
brought
in
a
considerable
Number
of
Horse
and
Foot
.
These
Forces
were
unexpectedly
Attacked
by
Don
John
of
Austria
and
the
Prince
of
Parma
with
a
Numerous
Army
of
the
Spaniards
best
Forces
,
but
so
fiercely
Encountered
,
that
after
an
obstinate
Fight
they
were
forced
to
retreat
,
leaving
some
Thousands
Slain
;
which
Victory
was
attributed
to
the
Valour
of
the
English
and
Scots
.
The
Duke
of
Alanzon
,
the
French
Kings
Younger
Brother
,
now
made
earnest
Suit
to
the
Queen
,
and
tho'
by
the
means
of
one
Simier
a
French
Courtier
,
he
so
far
insinuated
into
the
Queens
favour
as
to
be
admitted
to
come
over
Incognito
,
and
hold
a
private
Conference
with
her
,
yet
by
reason
of
his
Youth
,
and
some
other
Obstacles
,
this
Treaty
of
Marriage
(
as
well
as
the
rest
had
done
)
came
to
nothing
;
yet
the
Earl
of
Leicester
,
for
enveighing
against
it
,
so
far
as
to
reflect
on
the
Queen
,
was
for
a
time
confined
to
Greenwich-Castle
,
and
the
Queen
being
on
the
Thames
in
her
Barge
,
a
young
Fellow
fired
a
Piece
which
Shot
one
of
the
Rowers
through
the
Arm
;
for
which
being
Sentenced
to
be
Hanged
,
the
Queen
then
understanding
it
was
done
Accidentally
,
and
not
out
of
any
Design
against
her
,
Pardoned
him
.
And
the
Queen
having
procured
of
the
Grand
Signior
a
liberty
of
free
Trade
in
all
his
Dominions
,
a
Company
of
Turkey
Merchants
was
first
set
up
.
The
Pope
having
bestowed
Ireland
on
the
King
of
Spain
,
a
Rebellion
was
raised
there
,
but
the
Lord
Grey
being
made
Deputy
,
the
Irish
,
Spanish
and
Itallians
were
totally
routed
and
put
to
the
Sword
.
Captain
Francis
Drake
,
a
Native
of
Plymouth
in
Devonshire
,
adventuring
to
America
with
a
few
Ships
,
Discovered
divers
Coasts
before
unknown
,
and
is
reputed
to
Sail
about
the
World
,
because
he
shot
the
Gulf
of
Magelan
,
returning
brought
home
great
Riches
;
and
after
being
Knighted
,
he
made
several
advantagious
Voyages
with
greater
Force
,
and
became
such
a
Terror
to
the
Spaniards
,
in
those
parts
,
that
they
started
to
hear
him
Named
.
Also
Hawkins
,
Forbusher
and
others
,
pursuing
that
Voyage
,
not
only
greatly
endamaged
the
Spaniard
,
but
greatly
enriched
England
with
Gold
and
Silver
;
so
that
the
Queen
having
called
in
the
bad
Money
,
the
Land
soon
abounded
with
plenty
of
her
own
Coin
.
The
Earl
of
Desmond
being
routed
in
Ireland
,
was
after
a
great
Search
made
for
him
,
found
,
and
slain
by
a
common
Soldier
,
which
gave
much
quiet
to
that
Kingdom
:
And
now
the
Papists
using
secret
Practices
against
the
Queen
,
among
other
Expedients
to
prevent
the
threatned
mischief
,
a
number
of
Persons
Headed
by
the
Earl
of
Leicester
,
of
all
Ranks
,
bound
themselves
mutually
to
each
other
,
by
their
Oaths
and
Subscriptions
,
to
pursue
all
those
to
Death
and
final
Destruction
that
should
attempt
any
thing
against
the
Queens
Life
,
and
this
Combining
was
called
the
Association
.
And
one
Parry
a
Member
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
was
Accused
by
Edward
Nevel
for
having
held
Secret
Consultations
about
taking
away
the
Queens
Life
;
which
he
confessing
,
was
condemned
and
executed
;
and
the
Earls
of
Aurundel
and
Northumberland
were
committed
to
the
Tower
on
suspicion
of
the
like
Practice
;
and
in
a
little
time
the
Latter
was
found
Shot
in
his
Head
with
three
Bullets
,
which
was
concluded
to
be
done
by
himself
,
because
the
Chamber
Door
was
barred
on
the
inside
,
and
so
the
Corroners
Inquest
found
it
.
And
now
the
States
of
Holland
being
brought
very
Low
,
sued
to
the
Queen
to
take
them
into
Protection
,
yielding
the
Soveraignty
of
the
Provinces
into
her
Hands
;
whereupon
taking
Sluice
as
a
Cautionary
Town
,
she
sent
the
Earl
of
Leicester
with
5000
Foot
and
1000
Horse
,
to
whom
,
for
the
Queens
use
,
the
absolute
Authority
over
the
Provinces
was
committed
,
by
an
Instrument
in
Writing
,
and
he
Invested
with
the
Title
of
Governour
and
Captain
General
of
Holland
,
Zealand
,
the
United
and
Confederate
Provinces
,
which
he
Accepted
,
as
also
the
Stile
of
Excellency
;
which
much
offended
the
Queen
,
tho'
he
appeased
her
Anger
with
Submissive
Letters
:
But
he
Governing
with
a
high
Hand
,
and
Imposing
unusual
Customs
on
the
Merchants
,
they
soon
grew
weary
of
him
;
However
to
create
in
those
people
a
better
oppinion
of
his
Actions
,
he
undertook
to
Relieve
the
Greve
,
a
Town
in
Brabant
,
Besieged
by
the
Prince
of
Parma
;
but
the
Cowardice
of
the
Governour
prevented
it
,
by
too
suddain
a
Surrender
;
for
which
he
was
Executed
.
Yet
several
small
places
were
taken
in
by
the
Valour
of
the
English
,
and
Princes
of
the
House
of
Nassaw
;
but
in
a
Rencounter
before
Zutphen
,
Sir
Philip
Sidney
received
a
Mortal
Wound
of
which
he
Dyed
,
being
for
Learning
and
Valour
the
Honour
of
his
Time
;
but
the
Earl
not
able
to
win
this
place
,
left
it
Block'd
up
,
and
came
to
the
Hague
;
where
he
was
entertained
with
complaints
of
his
Conduct
,
and
the
ill
circomstances
it
had
brought
their
State
into
,
which
so
Angered
him
,
that
he
took
away
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
States
Council
and
Presidents
of
Provinces
,
and
thereupon
came
for
England
to
excuse
his
proceedings
to
the
Queen
.
The
Spaniard
having
received
much
damage
from
Drake
,
Hawkins
,
Cavendish
,
Forbusher
,
and
other
English
Adventurers
in
the
West
Indies
,
was
now
studying
how
to
revenge
it
,
and
although
there
was
a
seeming
Treaty
carried
on
,
he
was
making
all
imaginable
preparations
in
the
Netherlands
,
and
in
his
own
Ports
,
of
which
the
French
King
gave
the
Queen
Secret
notice
;
whereupon
with
all
dilligence
a
Fleet
was
set
out
,
some
by
the
Queen
,
others
by
Private
Persons
,
tho'
much
inferiour
in
Number
and
Bigness
to
the
Invaders
:
For
besides
the
Popes
Blessing
and
promise
of
Success
,
for
their
Fleet
,
called
the
Invincible
Armado
,
which
consisted
of
130
Sail
,
wherein
were
19209
Land
Soldiers
,
8050
Marriners
,
2080
Galley-Slaves
,
and
2630
pieces
of
Canon
,
with
small
Arms
and
proportionable
Stores
;
besides
they
were
to
be
Joyned
by
Forces
the
Prince
of
Parma
was
providing
in
Flanders
.
The
Fleet
being
ready
to
put
to
Sea
,
the
Queen
appointed
the
Lord
Howard
of
Effingham
Admiral
,
Sir
Francis
Drake
Vice
Admiral
,
and
the
Lord
Seymour
,
with
an
English
and
Dutch
Squadron
,
to
lie
on
the
Flemish
Coast
,
and
hinder
Parma's
sending
the
intended
Succours
,
and
by
Land
having
made
the
Earl
of
Leicester
,
who
had
resigned
his
Authority
in
the
Low
Countries
,
General
;
he
ordered
an
Encampment
at
Tilbury
of
1000
Horse
,
and
22000
Foot
,
and
raised
another
Army
for
the
Guard
of
her
Person
;
but
the
Spaniards
were
so
handled
at
Sea
by
the
Admiral
,
That
after
several
Days
Fighting
,
they
were
utterly
Defeated
;
so
that
what
were
Taken
,
Sunk
,
Stranded
,
and
Perished
in
their
return
,
they
lost
the
greater
part
of
their
Fleet
with
about
13500
Men
;
and
scarce
a
Noble
Family
in
Spain
,
but
lost
in
this
Expedition
one
Relation
or
other
;
which
blow
Spain
has
not
Recovered
to
this
day
:
For
which
Success
,
the
Queen
caused
publick
Thanks
to
be
given
;
and
afterward
greatly
molested
the
Spaniard
,
by
Warring
in
Portugal
,
and
sending
Adventurers
to
the
West
Indies
;
in
one
of
which
Expeditions
the
famous
Sir
Francis
Drake
Dyed
.
But
Sir
Walter
Rawleigh
took
a
great
Carrick
,
the
Prize
being
valued
at
150000
l
,
and
others
did
very
famous
Exploits
.
Whilst
these
things
were
doing
,
Lopez
a
Jew
,
and
Physitian
to
the
Queen
,
was
hired
to
Poison
her
;
as
also
one
Patrick
Cullen
,
an
Irishman
,
to
Stab
her
;
but
these
Designs
being
timely
discovered
,
divers
Conspirators
were
Condemned
and
Executed
.
This
being
found
to
be
a
Spanish
Intreague
,
so
incensed
the
Queen
,
that
she
sent
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
Sir
Walter
Rawleigh
,
and
other
brave
Commanders
,
to
Anoy
his
Coast
Towns
,
who
putting
in
at
Cales
,
Took
and
Sacked
that
Rich
Town
,
and
Burnt
a
Fleet
of
Merchants
and
Men
of
War
,
Valued
at
Twenty
Millions
of
Duckets
.
And
now
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
who
had
done
many
great
and
brave
things
in
Ireland
,
the
Low
Countries
,
Spain
,
Portugal
,
and
France
,
and
had
all
along
stood
high
in
favour
with
the
Queen
,
was
much
Disgusted
at
the
Advancement
of
some
Upstarts
,
which
made
them
his
Enemies
,
and
labour
all
they
could
for
his
Destruction
;
so
that
being
sent
into
Ireland
against
the
Earl
of
Tirowen
who
was
in
Rebellion
,
they
procured
him
to
be
Recalled
,
and
laid
divers
Miscarriages
to
his
charge
;
so
that
he
was
brought
to
a
private
Tryal
;
but
upon
his
Submission
,
Acquitted
by
the
Queens
favour
,
and
set
at
Liberty
.
However
,
being
a
Man
of
a
high
Spirit
,
he
so
resented
the
Affront
,
That
he
concluded
to
remove
his
Enemies
from
the
Queen
by
force
;
whereupon
,
being
Assisted
by
the
Earl
of
Southampton
,
and
others
,
he
Fortified
his
House
,
Imprisoned
her
Counsellours
sent
to
him
to
Advise
him
to
submit
,
and
going
into
London
thought
to
have
made
an
Insurrection
in
favour
of
him
;
but
though
he
was
very
Popular
,
they
at
this
time
failed
him
;
and
at
last
Surrendering
himself
,
he
with
the
Earl
of
Southampton
and
others
was
found
Guilty
of
High
Treason
,
and
the
Queen
(
over-perswaded
)
Signed
the
Warrant
for
his
Death
,
and
he
was
Beheaded
,
but
Southampton
Reprieved
;
Sir
Charles
Dorves
,
Sir
Christopher
Blunt
,
one
Cuff
,
and
Merrick
,
likewise
suffered
Death
,
on
this
account
.
But
the
Earls
Death
so
grieved
the
Queen
,
that
she
laid
a
bitter
Curse
on
those
that
advised
her
to
consent
to
it
;
and
growing
Melancholy
,
she
soon
after
retired
to
Richmond
,
where
on
the
24th
of
March
1602
,
she
died
;
when
she
had
Reigned
44
Years
,
4
Months
,
and
7
Days
,
in
the
67th
Year
of
her
Age
,
and
was
buried
at
Westminster
,
being
the
last
of
the
Name
of
the
Teudors
of
the
Royal
Race
.
In
this
Queens
Reign
a
Mare
brought
forth
a
Foal
with
two
Heads
,
and
a
long
Tail
growing
between
them
.
A
Sow
furrowed
Piggs
with
Arms
and
Hands
,
fingered
as
a
Child
,
instead
of
Legs
.
And
many
other
Creatures
produced
Monstrous
Births
.
A
Plague
likewise
happened
,
whereof
Dyed
in
8
Months
23660.
The
Thames
was
so
hard
Frozen
that
Waines
and
Carts
passed
it
,
Markets
and
divers
sorts
of
Exercises
were
kept
and
used
on
it
.
Great
Floods
and
Tempests
happened
,
spoiling
much
Corn
,
and
demolishing
many
Buildings
.
In
Yorkshire
a
Tempest
over-threw
a
Church
called
Patrick
Burton
,
and
laid
many
Villages
in
Ruins
.
And
many
fearful
Sights
appeared
in
the
Air.
The
Reign
of
King
JAMES
the
First
.
QUeen
Elizabeth
,
a
little
before
she
died
,
having
declared
King
James
the
Sixth
of
Scotland
her
Successor
,
as
indeed
he
was
the
next
Allied
to
the
Crown
of
England
,
as
being
great
Grand-Son
to
the
Lady
Margaret
,
Eldest
Daughter
to
Henry
the
Seventh
;
he
was
,
upon
that
Queens
death
,
Proclaimed
by
Secretary
Cecill
and
others
,
and
solemnly
Invited
to
fill
the
vacant
Throne
;
when
having
disposed
Affairs
in
Scotland
,
for
the
preserving
the
Peace
of
that
Kingdom
,
he
set
forward
with
a
very
splendid
Equipage
:
And
his
first
Act
was
to
Establish
and
Continue
Religion
as
it
had
been
Setled
by
the
deceased
Queen
;
causing
the
Old
and
New
Testaments
to
be
Translated
from
the
Original
;
and
set
many
at
liberty
who
were
Imprisoned
on
sundry
occasions
by
the
Queen
deceased
.
But
whilst
these
things
were
doing
,
there
wanted
not
some
who
envied
his
Accession
to
the
Throne
;
and
secret
contrivances
were
laid
to
Depose
him
,
and
set
up
the
Lady
Arabella
,
a
Branch
sprung
from
the
same
Stem
by
another
Branch
;
but
it
being
timely
discovered
,
divers
were
Apprehended
,
Tryed
and
Condemn'd
;
yet
only
George
Brook
,
Brother
to
the
Lord
Cobham
,
and
two
Popish
Priests
,
suffered
Death
,
Sir
Walter
Rawleigh
and
divers
others
,
being
Pardoned
;
and
on
the
25th
of
July
1603
,
the
King
and
Ann
his
Queen
were
Crowned
at
Westminster
in
the
Marble
Chaire
brought
out
of
Scotland
by
Edward
the
First
,
which
fullfilled
the
Prophecy
Inscribed
on
it
,
and
mentioned
in
that
Kings
Reign
;
and
Prince
Henry
the
Kings
Eldest
Son
,
was
made
Knight
of
the
Garter
,
and
stiled
Prince
of
Wales
;
and
Honours
were
conferred
on
divers
Persons
.
The
next
thing
the
King
proceeded
to
do
,
was
to
decide
the
Controversy
between
the
Church
of
England
and
the
Party
that
then
stiled
themselves
Puritans
,
and
a
Conference
to
that
purpose
was
appointed
at
Hampton-Court
,
where
the
King
so
Learnedly
Argued
,
that
the
former
carried
the
day
.
And
the
Jesuits
proving
over-hot
,
in
stirring
up
the
People
to
change
in
opinions
(
thereby
to
work
their
own
ends
)
were
Banished
the
Kingdom
,
and
a
Proclamation
put
out
for
Uniformity
in
the
Church
.
Soon
after
this
the
King
Assembled
a
Parliament
,
recommending
to
them
the
care
of
the
Nation
,
and
a
lasting
settlement
of
Peace
and
Tranquility
,
and
thereupon
restored
the
Antient
Name
of
this
Island
,
causing
himself
to
be
Proclaimed
King
of
Great
Britain
.
And
whilst
he
and
the
Parliament
happily
accorded
,
a
private
design
was
carried
on
to
destroy
them
both
,
for
the
Popish
Party
being
denied
the
Tolleration
they
had
petitioned
for
,
contrived
one
of
the
most
Stupendious
Mischiefs
that
ever
entered
into
the
Hearts
of
Men
,
for
their
heat
of
Mallice
would
not
be
quenched
with
the
Royal
Blood
,
but
that
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
the
representative
body
of
the
whole
Kingdom
united
at
Westminster
,
was
to
have
been
shattered
in
pieces
and
dismembered
by
a
blast
of
36
Barrells
of
Gunpowder
,
which
they
had
placed
in
a
Cellar
under
the
Parliament
House
;
but
it
was
Discovered
by
a
Letter
to
the
Lord
Monteagle
the
Morning
before
it
was
to
have
been
put
in
execution
.
The
principal
Conspirators
were
Robert
Catesby
,
Thomas
Piercy
,
Robert
Winter
,
Thomas
Winter
,
John
Garnet
,
Ambrose
Rookwood
,
John
Wright
,
Francis
Fresham
,
Sir
Everard
Dighby
,
and
Guido
Faux
.
This
Latter
was
to
have
set
Fire
to
the
Train
,
and
was
taken
with
his
Dark-Lanthorn
at
the
Enterance
of
the
Cellar
,
on
the
5th
of
November
,
1605.
Which
day
by
Parliament
was
appointed
Annually
a
Day
of
Thanksgiving
for
that
memorable
Deliverance
.
Upon
this
Discovery
,
the
Conspirators
that
escaped
by
flying
,
were
divers
of
them
slain
by
Forces
raised
by
the
High-Sheriff
of
Warwickshire
;
Faux
upon
Examination
before
the
Council
,
confessed
the
whole
matter
,
saying
,
God
would
have
had
it
prosper
,
but
the
Devil
Discovered
it
;
expressing
himself
sorry
that
it
had
not
taken
effect
.
Garnet
the
Jesuite
,
and
others
,
were
Executed
on
this
account
,
and
some
Lords
who
were
absent
from
Parliament
,
and
were
suspected
to
have
notice
of
the
Design
,
were
committed
to
the
Tower
,
but
after
some
confinement
were
released
again
,
and
soon
after
this
a
rumour
was
spread
,
without
any
certain
Author
,
That
the
King
was
Stabbed
and
Slain
with
an
Impoisoned
Knife
,
as
he
was
Hunting
near
Ockingham
,
which
for
a
time
much
troubled
the
People
;
nor
could
their
fears
be
allayed
,
before
a
Proclamation
came
out
to
satisfie
them
of
the
contrary
;
and
the
King
of
Denmark
,
the
Queens
Brother
,
coming
to
White-Hall
,
was
Magnificently
Entertained
;
and
having
stay'd
about
a
Month
,
departed
highly
satisfied
.
The
Kingdoms
of
England
and
Scotland
,
that
had
long
continued
in
bloody
Wars
,
were
now
United
by
both
their
consents
in
their
Representatives
,
on
a
foundation
advantagious
to
either
Nation
,
and
so
it
has
ever
since
continued
.
The
Duke
of
Juliers
about
this
time
dying
,
the
Dukes
of
Newburg
and
Brandenburg
strove
for
that
Dutchey
,
but
whilst
they
weakly
contended
,
Spain
(
more
powerful
)
resolved
to
take
it
from
them
both
,
seizing
on
the
City
of
Juliers
,
the
principal
place
of
the
Province
;
which
obliged
King
James
at
the
States
of
the
Netherlands
supplication
,
to
send
4000
English
under
the
Command
of
Sir
Edward
Cecill
and
Sir
Hatton
Cheek
,
by
whose
Valour
it
was
chiefly
Reduced
.
Soon
after
Henry
the
Fourth
of
France
was
Stabbed
in
his
Coach
by
one
Ravilliack
,
passing
the
Ironmongers-street
in
Paris
,
for
which
the
Murtherer
was
pulled
to
pieces
with
Burning
Pincers
,
yet
could
not
be
compelled
to
tell
who
set
him
on
that
wicked
Enterprize
;
and
King
James
startled
with
this
untimely
Death
,
put
out
a
Second
Proclamation
to
Banish
the
Jesuits
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
all
Popish
Recusants
Ten
Miles
from
the
Court.
The
Lord
Sanquire
,
a
Scotish
Baron
,
having
his
Eye
put
out
by
one
Turner
,
a
Fencing-master
in
White-Fryars
,
in
revenge
hired
two
Persons
to
Murther
him
;
for
which
he
was
Hanged
before
Westminster-Hall-Gate
,
in
the
Palace-Yard
,
and
Dyed
very
penitently
,
tho'
great
intercession
was
made
to
save
him
.
And
the
Queen
of
Scots
,
(
Beheaded
in
the
foregoing
Reign
)
was
by
the
Kings
order
removed
from
Peterborough
to
Westminster
,
and
there
magnificently
Interred
;
and
soon
after
the
Elector
Palatine
of
the
Rhin●
came
into
England
,
and
Married
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
the
Kings
Daughter
.
But
the
splendour
of
the
Nuptials
were
Eclipsed
by
the
Death
of
Prince
Henry
the
Kings
Eldest
Son
;
which
happened
a
little
before
the
Weding
,
not
without
suspicion
of
Poison
,
as
some
have
it
,
by
the
Scent
of
Perfumed
Gloves
,
others
by
eating
a
Bunch
of
Grapes
;
but
the
Disease
affecting
mostly
the
Brain
,
it
carried
him
off
in
Five
Days
,
tho'
the
Physitians
gave
out
he
dyed
of
a
Malignant
Fever
.
Whatever
his
Disease
was
,
it
carried
him
off
on
the
6th
of
November
,
1610.
in
the
blossom
of
his
Youth
,
he
being
18
Years
,
8
Months
and
17
Days
Old
:
He
was
a
Prince
of
Extraordinary
Wisdom
and
Piety
much
above
his
Years
:
Of
strength
and
ability
of
Body
equal
to
most
Men
,
of
a
Noble
and
Heroick
Disposition
;
and
an
hater
of
Flattery
and
Flatterers
:
He
had
an
high
Esteem
of
Sir
Walter
Rawleigh
,
and
used
to
say
,
No
other
King
but
his
Father
would
keep
such
a
Man
as
Sir
Walter
in
such
a
Cage
,
meaning
the
Tower
.
He
kept
his
Court
at
St.
James's
,
which
was
much
frequented
by
the
most
sober
of
both
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
.
Something
of
the
gravity
of
the
Prince's
temper
,
may
be
known
by
the
following
story
:
Once
when
the
Prince
was
hunting
the
Stagg
,
it
chanced
that
the
Stagg
being
spent
,
crossed
the
Road
where
a
Butcher
and
his
Dog
were
travelling
,
and
the
Butchers
Dog
killed
the
Stag
,
which
was
so
great
,
that
the
Butcher
could
not
carry
him
off
:
When
the
Huntsmen
and
Company
came
up
,
they
fell
at
odds
with
the
Butcher
,
and
endeavoured
to
incense
the
Prince
against
him
;
to
whom
the
Prince
soberly
Answered
,
What
if
the
Butcher's
Dog
killed
the
Stagg
,
what
could
the
Butcher
help
it
?
They
Replyed
,
If
his
Father
had
been
served
so
,
he
would
have
Sworn
at
that
rate
,
That
no
Man
could
have
endured
it
.
Away
,
replyed
the
Prince
,
All
the
Pleasure
in
the
World
is
not
worth
an
Oath
.
In
the
time
of
his
Sickness
,
a
Person
whom
he
lov'd
,
and
who
had
been
the
Companion
of
his
Diversions
,
coming
to
see
him
,
and
asking
him
how
he
did
,
the
Prince
among
many
other
sober
Expressions
answer'd
him
thus
,
Ah
Tom
!
I
in
vain
wish
for
that
time
I
lost
with
thee
and
others
,
in
vain
Recreations
.
But
England
was
not
worthy
of
so
great
a
Blessing
as
the
Life
of
this
Excellent
Prince
.
For
whom
,
notwithstanding
the
Court
was
not
long
in
Mourning
,
because
of
the
Nuptials
that
ensued
;
and
the
Elector
Palatine
having
been
highly
Feasted
and
Entertained
,
departed
with
his
Bride
.
The
King
having
raised
one
Sir
Robert
Carr
,
who
had
been
his
Page
,
high
in
his
Favour
,
creating
him
Viscount
Rochester
,
so
that
he
Acted
as
it
were
all
in
all
,
and
the
Earl
of
Essex's
Lady
falling
in
Love
with
him
,
and
complaining
of
her
Husbands
inability
in
performing
his
Nocturnal
Duties
,
the
King
gave
order
to
the
Archbishop
,
that
a
Divorce
might
be
sued
out
,
which
accordingly
was
done
,
and
she
Married
the
Viscount
.
But
Sir
Thomas
Overbury
,
who
had
been
his
great
Favorite
,
inveighing
much
against
this
Marriage
,
and
labouring
to
disswade
him
from
it
,
because
the
Lady
lay
under
much
scandal
of
Lust
and
Incontinency
,
was
by
his
and
her
procurement
committed
to
the
Tower
,
and
there
by
tampering
with
Sir
Gervis
Ellows
the
Lieutenant
of
that
Garison
,
and
one
Weslon
and
others
,
they
procured
him
to
be
Poisoned
,
and
the
Earl
of
Northampton
,
who
was
privy
to
it
,
the
better
to
colour
the
business
,
gave
out
he
dyed
of
the
Pox
;
and
that
strange
noisom
Sores
were
found
on
his
Body
;
but
this
did
not
long
conceal
so
wicked
a
practice
;
for
it
proved
their
Ruine
:
Northampton
dyed
soon
after
in
a
Melancholly
disordered
condition
;
and
a
little
after
,
the
Apothecaries
Man
,
who
was
hired
to
give
Sir
Thomas
Overbury
a
Glister
,
that
had
been
poisoned
,
falling
Sick
at
Flushing
,
revealed
what
he
knew
,
as
to
the
Poisoning
;
and
who
was
concerned
in
it
.
This
News
coming
over
by
the
means
of
Sir
Ralph
Winwood
,
who
had
been
Ambassador
in
Holland
,
made
a
great
noise
,
and
more
and
more
suspicion
appearing
,
the
King
sent
for
the
Judges
to
search
narrowly
into
the
Truth
of
it
;
Imprecating
a
Curse
on
them
and
their
Posterity
,
if
they
were
negligent
in
it
;
and
the
like
on
himself
and
Posterity
,
if
he
favoured
any
Guilty
Person
;
so
that
the
Viscount
made
Earl
of
Somerset
in
consideration
of
his
Marriage
with
the
Lady
Catharine
Howard
,
Daughter
to
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
and
Niece
to
the
Earl
of
Northampton
,
who
had
been
Divorced
from
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
when
he
had
got
his
Pardon
signed
,
as
being
charged
before
with
Imbezling
the
Crown
Jewells
,
&c.
had
it
stopped
under
the
Broad
Seal
;
and
the
Lord
Chief
Justice
Cook
sending
for
him
,
he
went
to
the
King
,
to
complain
of
the
Indignity
put
upon
him
,
looking
on
it
as
a
great
presumption
in
the
Man
that
had
done
it
.
But
the
King
,
much
to
his
dissatisfaction
,
replied
,
Thou
must
go
then
,
for
if
Cook
sends
for
me
,
I
must
go
too
;
and
when
he
parted
with
him
,
turning
his
back
,
he
smiling
said
,
I
shall
never
see
thy
Face
more
;
and
the
same
Day
the
Earl
and
his
Countess
were
made
Prisoners
,
and
divers
others
,
as
Weston
,
Mrs.
Turner
,
a
great
confident
of
the
Countesses
,
Sir
Jarvis
Ellows
,
and
one
Frankling
:
The
Four
last
being
first
Tryed
,
were
found
Guilty
,
received
Sentence
of
Death
,
and
were
Executed
,
confessing
the
fact
;
and
soon
after
,
the
Earl
and
his
Countess
were
Tryed
and
Condemned
;
but
the
King
Pardoned
them
,
or
rather
Reprieved
them
,
giving
them
only
a
Lease
of
their
Lives
for
Term
of
Years
,
utterly
Banishing
them
the
Court
and
his
Favour
:
So
that
deprived
of
all
Honours
,
places
of
Trust
,
and
Fortunes
,
they
led
mean
and
despicable
Lives
,
the
dying
very
miserably
,
her
Privy
Parts
Rotting
;
and
he
of
Discontent
and
Melancholly
:
So
punctual
is
God
in
his
Providence
,
to
revenge
Innocent
Blood
on
the
shedders
of
it
,
and
bring
them
to
shame
,
even
in
this
Life
.
The
fall
of
this
Favourite
made
way
to
the
rise
of
George
Villers
,
Son
to
Sir
George
Villers
of
Lancashire
,
by
a
second
venture
;
who
being
a
comely
Person
,
and
his
Parts
improved
by
Travel
,
the
King
upon
his
first
arrival
at
Court
cast
his
Eyes
on
him
,
made
him
his
Cupbearer
at
large
,
and
in
the
End
created
him
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
growing
in
a
little
time
as
high
in
favour
as
the
former
,
doing
all
with
the
King
as
he
pleased
,
and
continued
so
to
do
till
he
was
Stabbed
by
one
Felton
at
Portsmouth
,
as
will
appear
in
the
next
Reign
.
Sir
Thomas
Mason
being
Arraigned
,
as
concerned
in
the
Murther
of
Overbury
,
had
his
Tryal
set
aside
,
and
the
Lord
Chief
Justice
chequed
for
venturing
to
insinuate
,
That
in
this
there
might
be
the
Discovery
of
more
than
a
Private
Person
;
intimating
,
tho'
not
plainly
,
That
Overbury's
untimely
remove
,
had
something
in
it
of
retaliation
,
as
if
he
had
been
guilty
of
the
same
crime
against
Prince
Henry
;
and
glancing
some
what
that
the
Earl
of
Northampton
had
(
but
how
truly
I
determine
not
)
assured
the
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
,
That
the
making
away
of
Sir
Thomas
Overbury
,
would
be
acceptable
to
the
King
,
he
had
his
wings
ever
after
clipped
.
Soon
after
this
the
Lady
Arabella
Dyed
in
the
Tower
,
which
set
Mens
Tongues
and
Fears
on
work
,
that
she
followed
the
same
fate
,
but
nothing
publick
appeared
in
it
.
She
was
Daughter
to
Charles
Stewart
,
Younger
Brother
to
the
King's
Father
,
and
Elizabeth
Cavendish
;
she
Married
Sir
William
Seymour
,
Son
to
the
Lord
Beaucham
,
and
both
at
a
distance
being
Allyed
to
the
Crown
,
made
the
Marriage
distasted
;
but
her
Husband
escaped
out
of
the
Tower
,
whether
he
had
been
Committed
for
this
conjunction
,
and
fled
beyond
Sea
;
and
she
escaping
from
her
House
at
Highgate
,
to
follow
him
,
was
intercepted
,
and
Dyed
in
the
place
aforesaid
.
There
being
a
Peace
confirmed
with
all
Nations
,
the
King
treated
with
Spain
about
a
Marriage
between
his
Son
Charles
,
now
Prince
of
Wales
,
and
Heir
apparent
to
the
Crown
,
and
the
Infanta
,
but
Ambassadors
being
sent
,
many
delays
were
made
about
difference
in
Religion
and
some
other
Objections
;
which
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
who
Negotiated
the
matter
,
perceiving
would
come
to
no
good
effect
,
the
Treaty
of
Marriage
was
laid
aside
,
and
overtures
at
the
same
time
made
in
the
Court
of
France
;
but
that
,
as
the
former
,
then
succeeded
not
,
by
the
means
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
.
The
King
having
been
some
Years
out
of
Scotland
,
went
thither
with
a
splended
Retinue
;
and
unluckily
about
this
time
the
Book
of
Sports
was
Published
,
allowing
,
on
the
Sabbath
Day
,
for
the
Recreation
of
the
Younger
sort
,
after
Evening-Service
,
Dancing
about
May-Poles
,
Church-Ales
,
and
such
like
;
which
much
displeased
sober
People
to
behold
that
Sacred
Day
so
Prophaned
;
however
,
notwithstanding
many
complaints
,
it
continued
,
and
some
were
punished
for
opposing
it
,
by
Writing
or
otherways
.
Sir
Walter
Rawleigh
making
overtures
to
the
King
to
find
out
a
Rich
Mine
of
Gold-Ore
in
Gunia
,
by
the
directions
of
Captain
Kentish
,
once
his
Servant
,
he
was
dismissed
with
some
Ships
and
Men
,
but
Gondemar
,
the
Spanish
Ambassador
,
getting
notice
of
this
design
,
writ
to
Spain
about
it
with
such
Expedition
,
that
Letters
from
thence
arrived
in
the
West-Indies
,
to
Advertize
of
his
preparations
long
before
he
came
;
so
that
finding
almost
all
places
Fortified
,
except
St.
Thomes
,
they
took
that
,
and
attempted
the
River
,
but
in
passing
,
found
such
opposition
as
constrained
them
to
retire
,
without
attchieving
their
ends
;
which
so
perplexed
Kentish
,
that
he
Shot
himself
in
his
Cabin
;
and
Sir
Walter
,
upon
his
Return
,
was
seized
by
Sir
Lewis
Stukley
his
Kinsman
;
and
being
brought
to
London
,
was
at
the
earnest
instance
and
clamour
of
the
Spanish
Ambassador
,
sent
to
the
Tower
,
and
many
grievous
complaints
laid
to
his
charge
,
of
Imposing
on
the
King
,
and
indangering
a
War
with
Spain
;
That
it
would
likewise
break
off
the
Treaty
of
Marrying
again
,
renewed
between
the
Prince
and
Infanta
of
Spain
;
with
such
aggravations
,
that
the
King
gave
way
;
he
was
brought
to
the
King's-Bench
Bar
at
Westminster
,
where
the
Records
of
his
former
Arraignment
were
Read
,
and
he
demanded
,
why
Execution
should
not
be
done
upon
him
,
according
to
the
Judgment
that
had
been
pronounced
against
him
;
and
he
going
about
to
Justifie
himself
on
the
account
of
his
Voyage
,
was
told
it
was
not
in
question
;
but
that
he
stood
there
upon
his
former
Judgment
,
which
the
King
would
have
Executed
upon
him
;
and
tho'
he
urged
much
against
it
,
as
the
King
's
Trust
by
a
new
Commission
,
which
he
look'd
upon
as
a
Pardon
,
&c.
his
Execution
was
appointed
,
and
he
Beheaded
in
the
Old
Palace-Yard
at
Westminster
,
in
the
60th
Year
of
his
Age
,
which
pacified
the
Spaniard
for
the
Loss
sustained
by
the
West-India
Voyage
.
Soon
after
this
,
Queen
Ann
dyed
of
a
Dropsie
at
Hampton
Court
,
a
prodigeous
Blazing
Star
ushering
her
to
another
World
:
And
briefly
thus
stands
her
Character
,
She
was
in
her
great
Condition
a
good
Woman
,
not
tempted
from
the
heighth
she
stood
on
to
Embroil
things
below
her
,
only
giving
herself
content
in
her
own
House
,
with
such
Recreations
as
might
not
make
Time
tedious
to
her
;
so
that
nothing
can
be
fixed
on
her
,
but
that
she
may
have
Engraven
on
her
Monument
a
Character
of
Virtue
.
The
Bohemians
having
chosen
Frederick
,
Elector
Palatine
of
the
Rhine
,
who
Married
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
King
James's
Daughter
,
their
King
,
Revolted
from
the
Emperour
Ferdinand
;
but
being
Overthrown
by
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
the
Imperial
General
,
and
all
Bohemia
recovered
,
upon
his
return
home
,
he
found
his
Palatinate
Invaded
by
the
Spaniards
,
who
with
other
Aides
beat
him
out
of
it
,
tho'
King
James
sent
about
6000
English
to
his
Assistance
,
who
did
many
brave
things
;
but
being
worsted
by
great
Numbers
,
the
poor
remains
of
them
in
the
conclusion
of
the
War
returned
home
.
This
made
the
King
call
a
Parliament
to
Refund
his
Treasure
wasted
in
this
War
,
and
on
chargable
Embasseys
;
but
they
would
not
hearken
to
it
before
sundry
Grievances
were
redressed
;
and
hereupon
divers
who
had
oppressed
the
People
,
and
mis-spent
the
publick
Treasure
,
were
Questioned
and
Disgraced
;
and
among
others
the
Lord
Chancellour
Bacon
,
for
Bribery
and
Extortion
,
a
thing
he
had
always
condemned
in
others
,
and
for
it
lost
his
Peerage
,
and
the
Great
Seal
,
spending
his
days
very
melancholly
afterward
,
carrying
only
the
empty
title
of
Viscount
St
Albans
to
his
Grave
.
And
after
many
contendings
between
the
King
and
Parliament
,
they
not
answering
his
expectations
in
giving
the
Sums
required
,
he
Dissolved
it
,
and
put
out
a
Proclamation
to
restrain
the
peoples
Talking
to
his
prejudice
,
but
it
little
availed
;
and
the
Earl
of
Oxford
having
been
accused
on
that
account
by
one
White
a
Papist
,
and
the
Earl
of
Southampton
by
others
,
they
were
committed
and
continued
a
considerable
time
Prisoners
.
The
Kings
Ambassadors
found
but
slender
success
in
their
Negotiations
,
being
delay'd
in
the
Courts
of
the
Empire
,
Spain
,
and
with
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
which
much
troubled
and
vexed
him
.
And
there
being
many
strange
Opinions
creeping
up
,
the
King
sent
his
Letter
to
the
Arch-Bishops
for
Regulating
the
Ministry
,
and
Reforming
Abuses
therein
;
but
the
Jesuits
and
other
restless
People
,
under-hand
laboured
to
Embroil
the
Factions
,
and
caused
many
disturbances
,
which
,
with
other
dissatisfactions
from
abroad
,
cast
the
King
into
a
Melancholly
Temper
,
especially
the
slights
that
were
put
upon
the
Prince
his
Son
,
who
went
thither
to
Court
in
Person
,
attended
by
Buckingham
and
others
,
they
endeavouring
to
pervert
him
in
change
of
his
Religion
,
&c.
so
that
he
was
Indisposed
and
so
much
out
of
order
a
long
time
,
that
his
Favorites
durst
scarcely
speak
to
him
.
Then
hearing
the
Spaniards
still
trifled
,
his
care
was
to
get
the
Prince
home
again
,
least
having
so
wealthy
a
Prize
,
they
should
detaine
it
,
and
sent
him
secret
notice
to
return
:
Whereupon
taking
leave
of
the
Queen
of
Spain
and
Infanta
,
and
the
other
Ladies
and
Grandees
,
he
was
attended
to
the
Sea
Coast
;
and
in
his
return
being
in
a
Barge
some
distance
from
the
Ships
,
by
a
suddain
Tempest
he
narrowly
escaped
being
castaway
,
for
a
time
neither
being
able
to
reach
the
Ships
,
or
Shoar
;
but
at
length
he
arrived
safe
,
to
the
high
satisfaction
of
the
King
his
Father
;
but
this
Match
after
vast
Expence
and
Trouble
,
came
to
nothing
,
tho'
the
Lady
had
a
long
time
had
Tutors
to
Teach
her
English
,
and
pleased
enough
she
appeared
at
it
;
but
this
was
at
last
found
only
a
device
to
retard
the
King
from
medling
in
the
Affairs
of
the
Palatinate
,
and
the
design
of
this
Marriage
was
his
chief
aime
to
restore
it
;
whereupon
he
gave
orders
to
the
Earl
of
Bristol
,
his
Ambassador
,
positively
to
declare
to
the
King
of
Spain
That
unless
that
was
restored
to
the
Elector
,
the
Treaty
should
proceed
no
further
;
and
that
being
refused
,
the
Prince
grew
cold
in
his
Love
,
and
so
all
was
dashed
,
upon
his
thoughts
with
a
Match
with
the
Youngest
Daughter
of
Henry
the
Fourth
of
France
,
whom
he
had
seen
in
his
passage
that
way
to
Spain
,
and
to
whom
(
after
his
Fathers
death
)
he
was
Married
.
Upon
this
the
King
called
another
Parliament
,
and
missing
the
Duke
of
Richmond
his
old
Friend
,
and
sending
to
his
Lodging
,
he
was
found
dead
in
his
Bed
,
without
any
Wound
or
sign
of
force
upon
him
,
which
put
the
King
into
such
grief
and
consternation
,
that
he
would
not
go
to
the
House
in
his
Robes
;
and
so
put
them
off
for
some
Days
longer
.
This
Parliament
greatly
inveighed
against
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
for
perswading
the
Prince
to
take
such
a
hazardous
Journey
out
of
the
Land
,
and
advised
the
King
,
since
so
many
Delays
and
Tricks
had
been
put
upon
the
Honour
of
the
Nation
,
to
break
the
Treaty
with
Spain
,
protesting
to
assist
him
for
the
regaining
the
Palatinate
,
with
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
,
&c.
They
insisting
on
a
Religious
War
,
that
might
be
Aiding
to
the
afflicted
Protestants
in
Germany
and
France
;
but
the
King
however
seemed
more
to
encline
to
Peace
,
as
appeared
by
his
Letters
and
Speeches
on
this
occasion
;
for
fearing
that
when
the
War
was
begun
,
he
should
not
find
wherewithal
to
maintain
it
;
and
therefore
thanking
them
for
their
proffers
and
advice
,
he
told
them
he
would
consider
better
of
it
;
however
the
Treaty
with
Spain
was
utterly
dissolved
.
This
,
and
some
forwardness
for
War
,
so
fretted
the
Spanish
Ambassador
,
that
whether
out
of
Truth
and
Knowledge
(
as
he
pretended
)
or
Malice
only
,
cannot
be
determined
,
he
sent
to
the
King
to
let
him
know
,
that
Buckingham
had
some
dangerous
Design
against
him
,
tending
to
his
destruction
;
and
that
it
would
be
the
safest
to
confine
him
to
some
Country-House
for
his
Life
;
however
,
tho'
it
was
generally
thought
to
proceed
from
spight
,
because
the
Duke
set
himself
against
the
Spanish
Interest
,
it
put
the
King
into
such
fears
,
being
now
grown
Old
,
that
all
the
Duke's
protestations
could
not
a
long
time
remove
them
,
nor
till
the
Duke's
Friends
gave
upon
Oath
their
knowledge
of
the
Duke
's
sincere
intentions
,
and
that
this
was
contrived
with
the
Ambassador
by
the
Advice
of
a
Jesuite
;
and
this
Parliament
,
the
Earl
of
Middlesex
,
by
Buckingham's
procurement
,
was
Questioned
,
but
there
came
no
great
matter
of
it
;
for
the
Parliament
knowing
it
was
done
by
the
Duke's
means
,
upon
his
Questioning
for
the
Money
excessively
spent
in
Spain
,
they
had
no
great
mind
to
back
him
in
it
.
Whilst
these
things
passed
,
a
melancholy
Account
came
from
the
East-Indies
,
where
the
English
had
five
several
Factories
,
two
at
Hitto
and
Lerico
,
and
two
at
Latro
and
Cambello
,
in
the
Island
of
Seran
;
but
the
Principal
of
them
was
at
Amboyna
,
which
is
the
chief
Place
in
all
the
East-Indies
,
where
Nutmegs
,
Mace
,
Cinnamon
,
Cloves
,
and
other
Spices
grow
;
and
from
these
Factories
the
English
supplied
not
only
England
,
and
all
Europe
with
Spice
;
but
Persia
,
Japan
,
and
other
Countries
in
the
East-Indies
.
This
made
the
Dutch
to
Envy
the
English
,
and
therefore
resolved
to
dispossess
them
of
the
Spice-Trade
,
which
is
the
best
in
all
the
East-Indies
.
The
English
in
all
these
Islands
were
better
beloved
than
the
Dutch
,
and
had
built
a
Fortress
in
Amboyna
for
the
safety
of
their
Trade
;
but
the
Dutch
having
two
hundred
Soldiers
on
that
Island
,
forced
this
Fortress
from
the
English
,
and
then
pretending
a
Plot
between
the
English
and
the
Natives
of
Amboyna
,
for
the
Recovering
of
the
said
Fort
from
the
Dutch
to
the
English
;
the
Dutch
by
horrid
Torments
,
burning
them
under
the
Soles
of
their
Feet
,
and
under
their
Armpits
,
and
pouring
Water
down
their
Throats
when
stretched
on
a
Rack
,
till
they
were
ready
to
burst
,
and
by
other
barbarous
ways
Massacred
the
English
there
,
and
seized
upon
the
English
Factories
,
to
the
value
of
Four
Hundred
Thousand
Pounds
;
making
the
rest
of
the
English
(
that
had
escaped
their
Massacre
)
Slaves
,
and
sent
them
into
other
Islands
which
the
Dutch
had
possessed
themselves
of
:
This
was
in
the
Year
1622
;
when
but
three
Years
before
the
Dutch
had
concluded
a
Treaty
of
Trade
between
the
English
and
Dutch
in
the
East-Indies
.
This
News
extreamly
troubled
the
East-India
Company
,
who
humbly
petitioned
the
King
to
demand
satisfaction
of
the
States
General
:
But
the
King
cared
not
for
War
;
and
tho'
the
Dutch
refused
to
make
any
satisfaction
for
this
Unheard-of
Villany
,
the
King
only
told
the
Dutch
Ambassador
,
That
he
never
heard
nor
read
of
a
more
Cruel
and
Impious
Act
than
that
of
Amboyna
;
yet
,
said
he
,
I
do
forgive
them
,
and
I
hope
God
will
;
but
my
Sons
Son
shall
revenge
this
Blood
,
and
punish
this
horrid
Massacre
.
And
so
left
the
Dutch
in
the
quiet
Possession
of
what
they
had
so
basely
gotten
from
the
English
,
without
offering
to
draw
his
Sword
against
them
:
Which
perhaps
occasion'd
his
being
pictur'd
with
his
Sword
in
his
Scabbard
,
and
two
Men
pulling
at
it
,
but
could
not
get
it
out
.
And
now
the
King
having
permitted
the
Count
Mansfield
,
General
for
the
Elector
Palatine
to
raise
some
Forces
here
,
he
soon
after
fell
sick
of
a
Tertian
Fever
;
a
little
before
his
Death
he
called
for
the
Prince
,
and
rowsed
himself
as
desirous
to
speak
to
him
;
but
being
too
weak
,
sunk
down
in
his
Bed
again
,
and
Dyed
at
Theobalds
,
on
the
27th
of
March
,
1625.
when
he
had
Reigned
over
all
Britain
22
Years
and
three
Days
,
being
the
Twenty
Third
of
his
Reign
and
Fifty
Ninth
of
his
Age.
He
was
buried
at
Westminster
.
He
was
of
a
Stature
inclining
to
tallness
,
being
somewhat
higher
than
Ordinary
;
his
Body
very
well
compacted
,
his
Hair
of
an
Aubourn
Colour
,
and
of
a
Pleasing
Countenance
;
and
towards
his
latter
End
somewhat
fat
and
burly
.
He
had
the
repute
of
a
Wise
Prince
;
but
his
Reign
did
not
shew
it
:
He
indeed
Writ
several
Books
against
the
Jesuite's
King-Killing
Doctrin
,
but
that
shewed
his
Fear
more
than
his
Learning
;
and
that
he
was
therein
acted
by
a
Principle
of
Self-Preservation
:
For
the
Gunpowder-Plot
in
England
,
and
the
Assassination
of
Henry
the
Fourth
by
Ravilliac
in
France
,
were
enough
to
make
him
afraid
of
the
Jesuites
.
He
was
wholly
ruled
in
all
things
by
his
Favourites
,
to
whom
he
was
excessively
bountiful
,
and
thereby
squandered
away
the
Treasure
of
the
Nation
.
At
his
coming
to
the
Crown
he
found
the
Exchequer
Rich
,
but
at
his
Death
(
which
was
a
great
Unhappiness
to
his
Son
)
he
left
it
very
poor
;
and
well
he
might
,
giving
so
profusely
as
he
did
to
his
Flatterers
and
Favorites
.
It
is
reported
of
him
,
That
having
given
Sir
Robert
Carr
Twenty
Thousand
Pounds
,
the
Lord
Treasurer
Salisbury
,
that
he
might
make
the
King
sensible
of
what
he
had
done
,
invited
him
to
an
Entertainment
,
and
so
ordered
it
,
that
he
should
pass
to
it
through
a
Room
wherein
he
had
placed
four
Tables
,
and
on
each
Table
Five
Thousand
Pounds
in
Silver
;
when
the
King
came
into
the
Passage
,
he
started
,
as
amazed
at
the
sight
,
(
having
never
before
seen
such
a
Sum
)
and
asking
the
Treasurer
the
meaning
of
it
?
The
Treasurer
told
the
King
,
It
was
the
Boon
he
bad
given
to
Sir
Robert
Carr
:
Swounds
Man
,
says
the
King
(
which
was
the
Oath
he
usually
swore
)
but
Five
Thousand
Pounds
shall
serve
his
Turn
.
By
which
means
the
Lord
Treasurer
sav'd
the
King
Fifteen
Thousand
Pounds
.
This
shewed
how
easie
he
was
to
be
impos'd
upon
,
giving
his
Favourites
what
they
pleas'd
to
ask
,
without
knowing
what
it
was
.
His
letting
the
Dutch
redeem
their
Cautinary
Towns
upon
their
own
terms
,
and
letting
them
also
dispossess
the
English
of
their
Factory
at
Amboyna
in
the
East-Indies
,
by
the
most
horrid
Massacre
that
any
Age
had
heard
of
,
without
any
reparation
or
satisfaction
for
it
;
however
it
might
Entitle
him
to
be
Rex
Pacificus
,
it
could
never
be
an
Argument
of
his
Wisdom
,
nor
make
him
appear
a
Second
Solomon
,
which
his
Flatterers
usually
stiled
him
.
In
the
beginning
of
this
King's
Reign
a
Plague
raged
,
of
which
in
London
and
the
Liberties
,
in
one
Year
Dyed
Thirty
Thousand
Five
Hundred
Seventy
Eight
Persons
.
A
terrible
Blazing
Star
appeared
before
the
Queens
death
,
and
the
breaking
out
of
the
Wars
in
Hungary
.
Anno
1603
John
Lepton
Rode
Five
times
between
York
and
London
in
Five
Days
,
beginning
his
Journy
on
Monday
,
finishing
it
the
Friday
after
.
Anno
1605
William
Calverly
of
York
,
Esq
Murthered
two
of
his
own
Children
in
his
House
,
Stabbed
his
Wife
,
and
went
out
with
intentions
to
have
Kill'd
his
Child
at
Nurse
,
but
was
prevented
;
and
was
Pressed
to
death
for
refusing
to
Plead
.
The
Reign
of
King
CHARLES
the
First
.
KING
James
dying
at
Theobalds
,
on
the
27th
of
March
,
1625.
The
same
Day
his
only
Surviving
Son
,
Prince
Charles
,
was
Proclaimed
King
of
Great
Britain
,
France
,
and
Ireland
.
On
the
7th
of
May
following
were
Celebrated
the
Funerals
of
the
Deceased
King
;
whose
Body
being
brought
from
Sommerset-House
,
was
Interred
in
the
Abbey
at
Westminster
with
great
Magnificence
,
the
King
himself
being
the
chief
Mourner
.
The
next
thing
after
the
Celebration
of
the
Funeral
,
was
to
hasten
the
coming
over
of
the
Queen
,
Henrietta
Maria
,
youngest
Daughter
of
Henry
the
Fourth
of
France
Deceased
,
and
Sister
to
Lewis
the
13th
,
then
Reigning
,
who
had
by
the
King's
Proxy
,
the
Duke
of
Chevereux
,
been
Espoused
to
him
on
the
first
of
May
,
at
our
Ladies
Church
in
Paris
.
Upon
Trinity-Sunday
at
Night
,
she
arriv'd
at
Dover
,
where
being
met
by
the
King
the
next
Morning
,
they
went
from
thence
to
Canterbury
,
where
they
were
Married
,
which
the
third
Day
after
was
Declar'd
at
White-Hall
with
great
Rejoicing
.
On
the
18th
of
June
following
,
the
King
Summon'd
a
Parliament
to
meet
at
Westminster
,
where
he
urged
them
for
Supplies
for
the
carrying
on
the
War
against
Spain
,
for
the
Recovery
of
the
Palatinate
;
upon
which
the
Commons
gave
two
Subsidies
,
and
the
Clergy
three
.
In
this
Parliament
Dr.
Mountague
,
the
King's
Chaplain
,
was
Questioned
for
certain
Tenents
,
in
his
Answer
to
a
Book
called
the
Romish
Gagger
,
and
his
Defence
thereof
,
Intituled
,
Apello
ad
Caesarem
;
and
he
being
brought
before
the
Bar
of
the
House
,
the
Speaker
declared
their
Pleasure
,
That
they
would
refer
his
Censure
till
their
next
Meeting
;
and
in
the
mean
time
he
should
stand
Committed
to
the
Serjeant's-Ward
,
till
Two
Thousand
Pounds
Bail
could
be
procured
for
his
Appearance
next
Sessions
.
And
tho'
the
King
(
by
Bishop
Laud's
means
)
took
him
into
his
Protection
,
as
his
Servant
,
yet
his
Bond
remained
Uncancell'd
.
Divers
Laws
were
Enacted
in
this
Parliament
;
and
a
Bill
for
Tunnage
and
Poundage
passed
the
House
of
Commons
,
but
it
Miscarried
in
the
Lords
House
,
because
it
was
Limitted
to
a
Year
;
whereas
it
had
been
Granted
to
the
King's
Predecessors
during
their
Lives
.
And
then
(
the
Plague
greatly
encreasing
)
the
Parliament
was
Adjourn'd
to
Oxford
;
where
the
King
again
Soliciting
for
more
Money
,
in
order
to
the
setting
out
the
Fleet
,
the
Commons
entred
into
a
Debate
about
Grievances
,
and
were
about
drawing
up
a
Remonstrance
to
present
to
the
King
;
but
it
bearing
hard
upon
Buckingham
,
the
King
's
great
Favourite
,
they
were
immediately
Dissolved
:
And
soon
after
a
Fleet
was
fitted
out
,
and
sent
against
Spain
;
but
having
staid
Considering
what
to
do
,
till
they
lost
the
Opportunity
of
Destroying
the
Spanish
Fleet
in
Cadiz
,
which
at
first
might
have
been
easily
done
,
they
Sailed
to
the
Southern
Gape
,
in
expectation
of
meeting
their
Plate-Fleet
,
but
the
Contagion
having
got
into
the
Fleet
,
they
made
an
Untimely
return
without
doing
any
thing
,
but
four
Dayes
before
the
Fleet
came
.
This
unprosperous
Success
of
the
Fleet
,
very
much
Displeased
the
King
,
who
prohibited
Wimbleton
(
the
General
)
for
some
time
from
his
Presence
,
but
he
excusing
himself
,
laid
a
great
part
of
the
Miscarriage
on
the
Stubbornness
of
the
Earl
of
Essex
:
But
tho'
all
were
Blam'd
,
yet
none
were
Punish'd
for
the
ill
Conduct
of
this
Expedition
.
And
now
the
War
growing
very
Chargeable
,
since
Parliamentary
Aids
fail'd
,
the
King
(
as
advis'd
by
his
Council
)
resolved
upon
raising
Money
by
way
of
Loan
,
by
Letters
of
Privy-Seal
,
sent
to
the
Ablest
Persons
in
the
Kingdom
,
in
each
of
which
Letters
the
King
promised
in
the
Name
of
Him
,
and
his
Heirs
and
Successors
;
to
re-pay
the
Money
in
Eighteen
Months
after
the
Payment
thereof
to
the
Collector
,
and
the
Collectors
were
Ordered
to
pay
the
Sums
received
into
the
Exchequer
,
and
to
return
the
Names
of
such
as
went
about
to
Delay
,
or
Excuse
the
Payment
of
the
Money
required
of
them
.
This
manner
of
Proceedings
was
by
all
Wise
Men
thought
very
improper
;
for
,
by
the
Law
no
Man
was
bound
to
lend
the
King
Money
;
so
this
,
instead
of
Supplying
the
King
,
only
tended
to
Alienate
the
Affections
of
his
Subjects
from
him
,
and
render
things
more
Difficult
in
the
next
Parliament
.
Which
after
the
Coronation
was
over
,
met
the
6th
of
February
;
but
with
no
better
Success
than
the
last
;
For
the
House
of
Commons
began
(
where
they
left
off
at
Oxford
)
with
matters
of
Religion
,
and
publick
Grievances
;
viz.
The
Miscarriage
of
the
Fleet
to
Cadiz
;
the
Evil-Counsellors
about
the
King
;
Mis-government
,
and
Mis-imployment
of
the
King's
Revenues
,
and
an
Account
of
the
three
Subsidies
,
and
three
Fifteenths
Granted
the
21th
of
King
James
:
That
new
Impositions
and
Monopolies
were
multiplied
,
and
settled
to
continue
by
Grants
,
Customs
inhanced
by
the
new
Book
of
Rates
;
and
that
Tonnage
and
Poundage
was
Levied
,
tho'
by
no
Act
of
Parliament
,
and
the
Guard
of
the
Seas
neglected
.
In
this
Parliament
also
,
five
particular
Articles
were
drawn
up
against
Mr.
Richard
Mountague
,
wherein
he
had
broken
the
Laws
and
Statutes
of
the
Realm
,
and
disturbed
the
Peace
both
of
the
Church
and
Common-wealth
.
Upon
all
which
,
the
House
of
Commons
Ordered
he
should
be
brought
to
Exemplary
Punishment
,
and
all
his
Books
Burnt
.
Nor
do
I
hear
that
ever
he
made
any
Defence
or
Answer
to
those
Articles
that
were
brought
against
him
.
It
is
affirmed
,
That
Dr.
Laud
,
(
who
was
a
mighty
stickler
for
Arminianism
and
Ceremonies
,
and
who
first
of
all
set
up
this
Mountague
)
understanding
from
the
D.
of
Buckingham
that
the
King
intended
to
leave
Mr.
Mountague
to
a
Tryal
,
was
heard
to
say
,
I
seem
to
see
a
Cloud
arising
,
and
threatning
the
Church
of
England
;
God
in
his
Mercy
dissipate
it
.
After
this
,
the
Commons
Question'd
several
Persons
who
were
of
the
Council
of
War
,
in
the
Affairs
of
the
Palatinate
,
concerning
the
management
of
that
Business
.
But
the
King
understanding
that
the
House
of
Commons
were
very
busie
in
searching
the
Original
of
a
Letter
under
the
Signet
,
written
to
the
Mayor
of
York
,
for
Reprieving
divers
Jesuits
,
Priests
,
and
Popish
Recusants
,
interrupted
their
Proceedings
therein
by
a
Message
sent
by
Sir
Richard
Weston
,
Chancellor
of
the
Exchequer
,
demanding
a
Supply
for
the
English
and
Irish
Forces
;
this
was
so
highly
resented
by
the
House
,
that
Mr.
Clement
Cook
,
one
of
the
Members
,
openly
Protested
,
That
it
was
better
to
Dye
by
a
Forrign
Enemy
,
than
to
be
Destroy'd
at
Home
.
And
Dr.
Turner
(
another
Member
of
the
House
)
seconded
him
with
these
Quaeries
,
1.
Whether
the
King
had
not
lost
the
Regality
of
the
Narrow
Seas
,
since
the
D.
of
Buckingham
was
Admiral
?
2.
Whether
his
not
going
as
Admiral
in
this
last
Fleet
,
was
not
the
Cause
of
the
ill
Success
?
3.
Whether
the
King's
Revenues
has
not
been
Impaired
through
his
Immense
Liberality
?
4.
Whether
he
hath
not
Engrossed
all
Offices
,
and
preferred
his
Kindred
to
unfit
Places
?
5.
Whether
he
hath
not
made
Sale
of
places
of
Judicature
?
6.
Whether
Popish
Recusants
have
not
Dependence
upon
his
Mother
and
Father
in
Law
?
These
bold
Expressions
so
provok'd
the
King
,
that
he
immediately
sent
Sir
Richard
Weston
to
Demand
Satisfaction
;
whereupon
Dr.
Turner
made
a
Speech
in
his
own
Vindication
,
alledging
,
That
what
he
had
said
was
for
the
Good
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
not
Reflecting
upon
any
one
in
particular
,
with
much
more
to
the
same
Purpose
:
And
the
further
Debate
of
the
matter
being
referr'd
till
another
time
,
Dr.
Turner
in
the
mean
time
with-drew
himself
,
and
sent
a
Letter
to
the
Speaker
to
excuse
his
Absence
.
Sir
William
Walter
speaking
his
Opinion
about
Grievances
,
said
,
That
the
true
cause
of
them
was
because
(
as
was
said
of
Lewis
the
11th
)
all
the
King's
Council
rode
upon
one
Horse
.
(
Thereby
alluding
to
the
D.
of
Buckingham's
sole
Management
of
all
Affairs
.
)
But
for
all
these
Discourses
,
the
Commons
taking
the
King's
Necessities
into
Consideration
,
Voted
three
Subsidies
,
and
three
Fifteens
;
and
that
the
Bill
should
be
brought
in
,
assoon
as
the
Grievances
represented
were
redressed
.
They
likewise
Consider'd
of
the
matter
of
the
D.
of
Buckingham
,
and
the
mis-employing
of
the
Revenue
.
But
the
King
observing
they
did
not
make
such
haste
as
he
Expected
,
in
answering
his
last
Message
,
Summons
both
Houses
together
;
and
by
the
Lord-Keeper
complains
to
them
for
not
Punishing
Dr.
Turner
and
Mr.
Cook
,
and
likewise
for
searching
his
Signet-Office
;
and
justified
the
D.
of
Buckingham
to
have
acted
nothing
of
publick
Concernment
without
his
special
Warrant
;
and
therefore
forbid
them
to
Concern
themseves
any
farther
therein
,
and
Blamed
them
for
being
too
sparing
in
the
matter
of
Supply
,
and
for
Ordering
the
Bill
not
to
be
brought
in
,
till
their
Grievances
were
heard
and
Answered
,
which
he
would
not
Admit
of
.
To
which
the
King
himself
added
,
He
must
also
put
them
in
Mind
,
That
his
Father
,
moved
by
their
Counsel
,
and
won
by
their
Perswasion
,
broke
the
Treaties
,
and
that
be
himself
was
their
Instrument
towards
his
Father
,
and
was
Glad
to
be
Instrumental
in
any
thing
which
might
please
the
whole
Body
of
the
Realm
;
nor
was
there
any
in
greater
Favour
then
,
than
the
Duke
,
whom
they
now
Traduced
;
but
that
now
finding
him
so
far
intangled
in
a
War
,
that
he
could
make
no
Honourable
nor
safe
Retreat
,
they
made
Necessity
their
Priviledge
,
and
set
what
Rate
they
pleased
upon
their
Supplies
;
a
Practice
not
very
Obliging
towards
Kings
:
And
whereas
Mr.
Cook
told
them
,
It
was
better
for
them
to
Dye
by
a
Foreign
Enemy
,
than
to
be
Destroyed
at
Home
;
indeed
he
thought
it
more
Honourable
for
a
King
to
be
Invaded
,
and
almost
Destroyed
by
a
Forreign
Enemy
,
than
to
be
Despised
at
Home
The
Commons
in
Answer
to
this
,
presented
the
King
with
a
very
Dutiful
Remonstrance
,
acquainting
him
,
That
they
gratefully
Acknowledged
his
Majesty's
Expressions
of
Affection
to
his
People
and
Parliaments
;
that
they
had
taken
.
Mr.
Cook
's
and
Dr.
Turner's
Words
into
Consideration
,
and
might
have
given
a
good
Account
thereof
by
this
time
,
if
His
Majesty's
Message
had
not
Interrupted
them
;
That
they
had
the
Presidents
of
former
Parliaments
for
Searching
Letters
of
his
Majesty
,
and
his
Secretary
of
State
,
the
Signet-Office
,
and
other
Records
upon
the
like
Occasions
:
That
it
was
the
unquestionable
Priviledge
of
Parliaments
to
Complain
of
any
Person
of
any
Degree
;
and
their
Proceedings
in
Relation
to
the
Duke
should
not
Prejudice
either
Crown
or
Kingdom
.
That
they
were
willing
to
Supply
his
Necessities
Liberally
and
Faithfully
,
if
Additions
might
be
made
of
other
things
which
concerned
his
Service
,
and
were
now
in
Consultation
amongst
them
.
The
King
having
received
this
Remonstrance
,
returned
this
Answer
to
it
,
That
he
would
have
them
in
the
first
place
Consult
about
matters
of
the
greatest
Importance
,
and
they
should
have
time
enough
for
other
things
afterwards
.
Not
long
after
this
,
the
Earl
of
Bristol
(
being
Ordered
by
the
King
to
be
Examined
by
a
Committee
of
Lords
,
about
his
Negotiations
in
Spain
,
and
having
been
in
Prison
,
and
prohibitted
access
to
his
Majesty
ever
since
his
Return
)
Petition'd
the
House
of
Lords
for
his
Liberty
,
or
to
come
to
a
Tryal
;
who
applying
themselves
to
the
King
,
he
granted
a
Writ
for
the
Earl's
coming
to
Parliament
,
but
with
a
Proviso
,
That
his
Personal
attendance
should
be
forborn
:
Whereupon
the
Earl
sent
another
Petition
to
the
Lords
,
that
he
might
be
heard
,
both
as
to
his
Restraint
,
and
of
what
he
had
to
say
against
the
Duke
.
At
this
the
King
was
much
concern'd
,
and
let
the
Lords
know
,
That
it
was
his
Royal
Pleasure
that
the
Earl
of
Bristol
might
be
sent
for
as
a
Delinquent
,
to
answer
his
Offences
to
the
House
,
and
his
Scandalizing
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
and
the
King
likewise
,
by
Reflection
.
Upon
this
the
Earl
was
brought
to
the
Bar
,
and
being
ready
to
be
Impeached
of
High-Treason
by
the
Attorney-General
,
the
Earl
said
,
My
Lords
,
I
am
a
Freeman
and
Peer
of
the
Realm
Vnattainted
;
I
have
something
to
say
of
high
Consequence
to
His
Majesty's
Service
,
and
I
beseech
your
Lordships
give
me
leave
to
Speak
.
The
Lords
thereupon
bid
him
go
on
.
Then
,
said
he
,
I
accuse
that
Man
,
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
of
High-Treason
.
And
immediately
he
presented
Twelve
Articles
against
him
.
This
unexpected
procedure
of
the
Earl's
,
caused
the
Attorney-General
to
draw
up
a
Charge
against
him
,
consisting
of
Eleven
Articles
of
matters
of
divers
Natures
.
And
beside
these
Articles
against
the
Duke
,
the
Earl
of
Bristol
,
exhibited
Eleven
others
against
the
Lord
Conway
.
The
Earl
likewise
gave
in
his
Answer
to
each
particular
Article
of
his
Impeachment
.
And
now
whilst
these
two
Peers
were
thus
Contesting
,
the
House
of
Commons
presented
an
Impeachment
against
the
Duke
,
consisting
of
twelve
Articles
,
to
each
of
which
the
Duke
made
Replies
:
But
that
not
Satisfying
the
Commons
,
they
drew
up
another
Declaration
of
Grievances
against
the
Duke
,
whom
they
resolved
by
all
means
to
bring
down
;
which
Declaration
was
read
before
the
Bill
of
Subsidies
:
Which
so
Incensed
the
King
,
that
he
Dissolved
the
Parliament
the
very
next
Day
,
and
thereby
lost
Four
Subsidies
and
Three
Fifteenths
,
rather
than
the
Duke
should
be
farther
Question'd
by
the
Parliament
,
tho'
one
of
the
Articles
against
the
Duke
,
was
for
a
strong
Presumption
of
his
having
Poisoned
the
King's
Father
.
And
thus
ended
this
King's
Second
Parliament
.
After
this
Dissolution
,
the
King
Committed
the
Earl
of
Bristol
to
the
Tower
,
and
Published
first
a
Proclamation
for
Burning
all
Copies
of
the
Commons
Declaration
,
and
then
a
Declaration
shewing
the
Grounds
and
Reasons
of
his
Dissolving
this
and
the
former
Parliament
.
There
were
several
Occasions
at
this
time
which
required
considerable
Sums
of
Money
;
for
besides
the
Palatinate
,
there
was
great
Likelihood
of
a
War
with
France
,
upon
occasion
of
the
French
King
's
using
the
Vaunt-Guard
(
one
of
the
King's
Men
of
War
,
lent
to
the
French
King
to
go
against
Genoa
)
with
six
other
Merchants
Ships
,
(
turn'd
into
Men
of
War
)
against
the
French
Protestants
in
Rochel
,
expresly
contrary
to
Agreement
;
and
the
King
being
extreamly
Troubled
at
it
,
demanded
Satisfaction
of
the
French
King
;
who
Deferring
to
give
it
,
the
King
seized
a
rich
French
Ship
,
and
the
French
King
Arrested
the
Goods
of
the
English
Merchants
in
France
,
to
the
Value
of
about
300000
l.
tho'
afterwards
Restoration
was
made
on
both
sides
.
But
the
Insolent
Practices
of
the
Priests
and
Jesuits
belonging
to
the
Queen
,
especially
her
Confessor
,
soon
caused
another
Rupture
,
for
he
imposed
upon
her
as
a
Pennance
,
to
wait
upon
his
Servants
at
their
Dinner
,
and
to
walk
on
Foot
in
a
rainy
Morning
from
Sommerset-House
to
St.
James's
,
and
from
thence
to
Tyburn
,
to
offer
up
her
Prayers
for
the
Souls
of
the
Romish
Martyrs
,
i.
e.
Traytors
,
or
Jesuits
,
that
had
been
Executed
there
,
himself
the
mean
while
riding
by
her
in
his
Coach
.
But
these
Arrogancies
being
unsufferable
,
the
Queens
French
Domesticks
were
paid
off
,
and
sent
Home
.
Hereupon
the
French
King
(
tho'
this
was
no
more
than
what
himself
had
done
before
,
in
sending
back
all
the
Spanish
Courtiers
that
came
with
his
Queen
)
Arrested
all
the
English
Merchants
Ships
that
lay
in
the
River
of
Bourdeaux
;
this
was
so
ill
resented
by
the
King
,
that
the
Peace
so
lately
patch'd
up
,
was
now
turn'd
into
an
open
War
:
And
the
King
thereupon
made
use
of
those
Forces
against
the
French
which
were
designed
against
the
Spaniard
;
complying
now
with
the
Desires
of
the
Rochelers
,
who
had
humbly
Sued
to
him
for
Aid
and
Protection
.
But
the
Fleet
design'd
for
their
Relief
,
not
going
out
till
after
Michaelmas
,
(
a
very
improper
Season
to
send
out
a
Fleet
of
great
Ships
to
Sea
)
encountred
only
with
Storms
and
Tempests
,
and
return'd
Home
again
without
doing
any
thing
,
leaving
the
poor
Rochellers
in
a
worse
Condition
than
they
were
before
.
The
Assessment
of
the
Loan
(
again
set
on
Foot
since
the
Parliaments
Dissolution
)
being
generally
Opposed
,
the
People
of
lower
Rank
were
Ordered
to
appear
in
the
Military-Yar
near
St.
Martins
in
the
Fields
,
to
be
Listed
for
Soldiers
;
it
being
thought
fit
,
that
those
who
could
not
with
their
Pur●es
,
should
assist
the
King
with
their
Persons
.
But
several
Gentlemen
and
others
of
Ability
,
for
refusing
the
Loan
,
were
Committed
Prisoners
,
to
the
Fleet
,
Mar●●●sea
,
Gate-House
,
and
other
Prisons
:
Sir
John
Elliot
,
who
Petition'd
his
Majesty
,
declaring
that
he
could
prove
by
many
Presidents
,
That
all
manner
of
Aids
and
Taxes
in
former
Kings
Reigns
,
were
never
Levied
but
the
general
Consent
of
the
Nobility
and
Commons
Assembled
in
Parliament
:
Notwithstanding
which
,
he
was
Committed
to
the
Gate-House
.
Dr.
Sybthorp
,
and
Manwaring
,
two
Eminent
Preachers
at
Court
,
instead
of
Preaching
the
Gospel
,
Preach'd
up
the
Necessity
and
Duty
of
the
Loan
;
one
of
them
Asserting
,
That
the
Prince
hath
power
to
Direct
his
Counsel
,
and
make
Laws
;
and
that
Subjects
,
if
they
cannot
exhibit
Active
Obedience
,
in
case
the
thing
Commanded
should
be
against
the
Law
of
God
or
Nature
,
yet
ought
to
yield
Passive
Obedience
;
and
in
all
other
Cases
they
were
bound
to
Active
Obedience
.
The
other
was
more
express
to
the
Purpose
,
and
affirmed
,
That
the
King
's
Royal
Command
in
imposing
of
Loans
and
Taxes
,
though
without
Consent
in
Parliament
,
did
Oblige
the
Subjects
Conscience
,
upon
pain
of
Eternal
Damnation
.
Which
Position
being
highly
Applauded
at
Court
,
the
Sermon
of
Dr.
Sybthorp
,
call'd
,
Apostolick
Obedience
,
was
approved
by
Dr.
Laud
,
(
then
Bishop
of
London
)
and
an
Express
sent
from
the
King
to
Archbishop
Abbot
to
License
it
,
which
he
refusing
,
the
King
suspended
him
from
his
Archiepiscopal
See
,
and
a
Commission
was
Granted
to
five
Bishops
,
to
execute
his
Office
.
And
now
the
D.
of
Buckingham
to
clear
his
Reputation
and
shew
his
Diligence
in
his
Admiral-ship
,
with
some
difficulty
compleated
his
Naval
Forces
,
consisting
of
6000
Horse
and
Foot
,
in
Ten
Royal
Ships
,
and
Ninety
Merchant-Men
,
with
which
he
set
Sail
from
Portsmouth
,
June
27th
,
1627.
and
Published
a
Manifesto
of
the
King's
Affection
to
the
Reformed
Churches
in
France
,
and
his
Displeasure
for
the
last
Mis-employing
of
his
Ships
against
the
Rochellers
.
But
after
all
,
through
the
Duke
's
ill
Conduct
,
or
Obstinacy
(
in
going
before
St.
Martin's
Castle
,
in
the
Isle
of
Rhee
,
against
which
his
Council
disswaded
him
,
rather
than
against
the
Mede
,
another
Castle
in
that
Island
,
which
they
might
in
all
likelihood
have
carried
,
and
would
have
been
a
safe
place
of
Retreat
in
case
of
Necessity
)
this
great
Design
Miscarried
,
with
the
Death
of
near
Two
Thousand
common
Souldiers
,
Thirty
Prisoners
of
Note
,
and
Forty
four
Colours
taken
.
Yet
to
make
some
Amends
for
this
Miscarriage
,
a
great
French
Ship
was
taken
upon
the
Coasts
of
Holland
,
Laden
with
all
sorts
of
Ammunition
to
a
great
Value
.
Also
Sir
John
Pennington
took
34
rich
French
Merchant-men
homeward-bound
,
and
brought
'em
all
safe
into
England
.
The
lowness
of
the
Exchequer
,
the
late
Miscarriage
at
the
Isle
of
Rhee
,
and
the
present
distressed
Condition
of
the
Rochellers
,
being
laid
before
the
Lords
of
the
Council
,
it
was
thereupon
resolved
to
call
another
Parliament
,
and
Writs
were
forthwith
issued
out
accordingly
.
And
the
Parliament
met
the
27th
of
March
,
and
the
King
tells
them
,
That
the
greatness
of
the
Danger
requires
a
speedy
Supply
,
and
hopes
they
will
prove
such
true
Patriots
,
as
not
to
deceive
his
Expectations
.
The
first
thing
the
Commons
went
upon
,
was
the
Grievances
of
the
Nation
;
and
therein
the
chief
thing
insisted
on
,
was
the
Case
of
those
Gentlemen
imprisoned
for
refusing
the
Loan
;
and
who
,
notwithstanding
their
Habeas
Corpus
,
were
remanded
to
Prison
:
After
the
Debating
whereof
,
the
Commons
resolved
,
Nemine
Contradicente
,
1.
That
no
Man
ought
to
be
Restrained
by
the
Command
of
the
King
or
Privy-Council
,
without
some
Cause
of
the
Commitment
.
2.
That
the
Writ
of
Habeas
Corpus
ought
to
be
granted
upon
request
to
every
Man
that
is
Restrained
,
tho'
by
the
Command
of
the
King
,
the
Privy
Council
,
or
any
other
.
3.
That
if
a
Free-man
be
Imprisoned
by
the
Command
of
the
King
,
the
Privy-Council
,
or
any
other
,
and
no
cause
of
such
Commitment
expressed
,
and
the
same
be
returned
upon
an
Habeas
Corpus
granted
for
the
said
Party
,
then
he
ought
to
be
Delivered
or
Bailed
.
After
which
the
Parliament
drew
up
a
Petition
against
Popish
Recusants
,
to
which
the
King
gave
a
full
and
Satisfactory
Answer
;
and
then
the
Commons
granted
the
King
Five
Subsidies
;
at
which
he
was
so
pleased
,
that
he
sent
them
Word
He
would
deny
them
nothing
of
their
Liberties
which
any
of
his
Predecessors
had
Granted
.
And
thereupon
the
Commons
drew
up
that
Memorable
Bill
called
Petition
of
Right
,
which
,
after
many
Debates
about
it
,
passed
both
Houses
,
and
was
Presented
to
the
King
,
to
which
the
King
answered
,
The
King
willeth
that
Right
be
done
according
to
the
Law
,
and
Customs
of
the
Realm
,
and
that
the
Statutes
be
put
in
due
Execution
,
that
his
Subjects
may
have
no
cause
to
complain
of
any
Wrong
or
Oppressions
,
contrary
to
their
just
Rights
and
Liberties
;
to
the
Preservation
whereof
,
he
holds
himself
in
Conscience
as
well
Obliged
,
as
to
that
of
his
Prerogative
.
But
this
Answer
not
being
thought
Satisfactory
,
upon
their
further
Application
to
the
King
,
he
sent
them
this
short
but
full
Answer
,
Soit
Droit
Fait
come
il
est
desire
:
i.
e.
Let
it
be
done
according
to
your
Desire
.
Which
Answer
was
received
with
great
Joy
by
both
Houses
,
and
the
Citizens
of
London
,
who
expressed
it
by
making
of
Bonfires
,
and
ringing
of
Bells
:
And
the
King
for
further
Satisfaction
,
received
again
into
his
Favour
Dr.
Abbot
,
A.
B.
of
Canterbury
,
Bishop
Williams
,
and
others
,
and
likewise
caused
the
Commission
of
Loan
and
Excise
to
be
Cancell'd
in
his
Presence
.
But
the
Commons
after
this
drawing
up
a
Remonstrance
against
the
Duke
,
and
calling
in
Question
the
King
's
taking
of
Tunnage
and
Poundage
,
were
Adjourned
to
the
20th
of
October
,
several
Acts
being
first
passed
by
them
.
Much
about
this
time
Dr.
Lamb
(
that
had
been
formerly
twice
Arraigned
,
once
for
Necromancy
,
and
another
time
for
a
Rape
)
was
Kill'd
by
the
Rabble
in
Lothbury
,
for
which
the
City
was
Fined
6000
l.
He
was
a
great
Favourite
of
the
Duke
of
Buckingham's
,
and
commonly
call'd
the
Duke's
Devil
,
which
made
him
the
more
Hated
.
After
the
Duke
's
late
Expedition
to
the
Isle
of
Rhee
,
the
Earl
of
Denbeigh
Sailed
with
Fifty
Ships
for
the
Relief
of
Rochel
,
but
being
repelled
with
much
Loss
,
he
return'd
back
to
Plymouth
,
despairing
of
Success
:
Whereupon
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
himself
resolved
to
go
again
with
a
more
considerable
Navy
;
but
whilst
he
was
at
Portsmouth
hastening
the
fitting
out
of
the
Fleet
,
one
John
Felton
,
a
Lieutenant
,
Stabb'd
him
to
the
Heart
with
a
Knife
,
which
he
left
sticking
in
his
Body
till
the
Duke
himself
pull'd
it
out
,
and
Died
immediately
after
;
Felton
was
soon
Apprehended
by
the
Servants
,
and
laden
with
Irons
;
and
being
ask'd
what
induc'd
him
to
commit
so
bloody
a
Fact
,
he
boldly
answer'd
,
He
Kill'd
him
for
the
Cause
of
God
and
his
Countrey
:
He
had
likewise
fasten'd
a
Paper
in
the
Crown
of
his
Hat
,
to
tell
the
World
(
in
case
he
had
miscarry'd
in
the
Action
)
That
his
only
motive
to
this
Fact
,
was
the
Remonstrance
of
the
Commons
against
the
Duke
;
and
that
he
could
not
Sacrifice
his
Life
in
a
Nobler
Cause
,
than
by
delivering
his
Countrey
from
so
great
an
Enemy
.
For
this
Fact
Felton
was
Condemned
and
Hanged
at
Tyburn
,
and
his
Body
hang'd
in
Chains
upon
a
Gibbet
at
Portsmouth
.
However
the
designed
Fleet
set
Sail
under
the
Command
of
the
Earl
of
Lindsey
,
and
came
to
Rochel-Haven
,
where
there
was
a
Barricado
of
1400
Yards
cross
the
Channel
;
notwithstanding
which
,
the
Earl
adventured
in
,
passing
the
Forts
and
Out-works
;
but
the
Wind
changing
,
drove
the
Ships
foul
upon
each
other
:
Which
unhappy
Accident
made
the
Rochellers
despair
of
Relief
,
and
presently
Surrendred
the
Town
.
And
the
Earl
of
Lindsey
brought
the
Fleet
safe
home
again
.
The
Parliament
after
some
Adjournments
sitting
again
,
the
Merchants
,
who
for
refusing
to
Pay
Customs
,
had
had
their
Effects
seized
,
made
grievous
Complaints
,
this
made
the
King
send
for
the
two
Houses
to
attend
him
in
the
Banquetting-House
,
requiring
them
to
pass
the
Bill
for
Tunnage
and
Poundage
,
for
the
better
and
more
speedy
ending
all
Differences
.
But
they
replyed
,
God's
Cause
was
to
be
preferred
before
the
King
's
,
and
in
the
first
place
therefore
they
would
consult
about
the
Establishment
of
Religion
;
and
so
returning
,
they
appointed
a
Committee
for
that
Purpose
,
and
another
for
Civil
matters
;
and
many
were
Censured
for
reflecting
on
their
Proceedings
,
and
for
Levying
Tunnage
and
Poundage
;
but
the
King
excused
the
latter
as
done
by
his
express
Command
,
in
a
time
when
the
Nation
was
in
Danger
to
be
Invaded
by
Foreigners
:
And
that
such
things
had
been
often
done
in
the
Reigns
of
his
Predecessors
,
when
Money
could
not
be
speedily
raised
on
urgent
Necessities
,
in
a
Parliamentary
way
.
However
this
and
other
Misunderstandings
raised
great
Heats
and
Jealousies
,
which
were
Fomented
to
that
Degree
,
that
the
Parliament
was
quickly
after
Dissolved
,
without
passing
the
Bill
of
Tunnage
and
Poundage
.
Soon
after
which
the
King
publish'd
a
Declaration
of
the
Cause
thereof
,
and
eleven
of
the
Members
were
Summon'd
before
the
Council-Table
,
and
all
committed
to
divers
Prisons
,
contrary
to
the
Petition
of
Right
,
so
lately
confirmed
by
the
King
.
Soon
after
this
a
Paper
was
dispersed
,
containing
some
Projects
how
the
King
might
encrease
his
Revenue
without
the
help
of
a
Parliament
;
and
upon
Information
that
the
Earls
of
Bedford
,
Clare
,
Sommerset
,
and
others
,
had
dispersed
some
Copies
of
them
,
they
were
Committed
:
But
Sir
David
Fowlis
making
it
appear
it
was
a
Project
of
Sir
Robert
Dudley's
,
Son
to
to
the
Earl
of
Leicester
,
in
Italy
,
sixteen
Years
since
,
and
no
ways
intended
at
this
time
to
create
any
Difference
between
the
King
and
Parliament
,
they
were
released
.
And
now
divers
Threatning
Libels
against
the
chief
Ministers
of
State
were
scattered
abroad
,
and
particularly
one
against
Bishop
Land
,
assuring
him
his
Life
was
sought
for
,
he
being
the
Fountain
of
Wickedness
,
&c.
This
made
the
great
Men
fear
the
sitting
of
another
Parliament
:
And
it
is
said
Weston
the
Treasurer
advised
the
King
never
to
call
any
again
.
And
a
Book
of
Projects
for
Governing
and
raising
Money
without
Parliaments
,
was
presented
to
the
King
.
In
January
an
Embassador
from
Spain
arrived
at
London
,
whose
business
was
to
treat
of
Peace
,
which
was
soon
Concluded
,
as
had
been
with
France
before
.
On
the
29th
of
May
,
1630.
the
Queen
was
deliver'd
of
a
Son
,
who
was
Christened
Charles
;
and
Succeeded
in
the
Kingdom
:
At
whose
Birth
,
it
is
Remarkable
,
a
very
bright
Star
appeared
at
Noon-day
;
which
being
shewed
the
King
as
he
came
from
his
Devotion
,
he
greatly
Rejoyced
thereat
,
as
taking
it
for
a
fortunate
Presage
:
Soon
after
Dr.
Leighton
Writing
and
Publishing
a
Book
Entituled
,
Sion's
Plea
,
was
Censured
for
it
,
and
Sentenced
to
have
his
Nose
slit
,
his
Ears
cropp'd
,
and
a
Mark
or
Brand
in
his
Fore-head
,
which
was
inflicted
on
him
.
Anno
1631
,
Mervin
,
Lord
Audley
,
Earl
of
Castle-Haven
,
was
tryed
by
his
Peers
,
on
the
Petition
of
his
Son
and
Heir
,
for
a
Rape
and
Sodomy
,
and
being
found
Guilty
,
lost
his
Head
on
Tower-hill
.
The
King
hearing
of
some
Murmurrings
and
Discontents
in
Scotland
,
went
thither
in
Person
,
hoping
to
give
his
People
of
that
Kingdom
Satisfaction
;
and
being
solemnly
Crowned
at
Edenborough
,
he
called
a
Parliament
:
But
they
fearing
the
bringing
in
of
Episcopacy
,
and
the
Form
of
Prayer
,
and
other
Services
in
England
,
seemed
more
and
more
to
be
Disgusted
.
However
the
King
having
Confirmed
and
Ratified
some
Laws
,
which
the
Scots
construed
to
the
worst
Sense
;
And
which
was
indeed
in
order
to
the
establishing
Episcopacy
there
,
which
King
James
the
First
had
introduced
Anno
1616.
and
which
was
apparent
by
the
King
's
giving
Order
to
the
Dean
of
his
Royal
Chappel
in
Edenborough
,
to
have
Prayer
read
therein
,
according
to
the
English
Liturgy
,
&c.
In
the
Year
1632
,
the
King
(
incited
thereto
by
Bishop
Laud
)
set
out
a
Declaration
for
Tollerating
of
Sports
on
the
Lord's-day
;
which
gave
great
Offence
to
all
sober
Men
;
and
for
refusing
to
Publish
it
,
many
of
the
best
Ministers
were
Suspended
,
and
deprived
of
their
Benefices
.
Octob.
13.
1633.
The
Queen
was
delivered
of
her
second
Son
,
named
James
,
afterwards
Duke
of
York
,
and
after
his
Brother
Charles
his
Death
,
King
of
England
,
&c.
And
at
that
time
the
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
dying
,
Bishop
Laud
was
made
Arch-bishop
in
his
place
.
After
this
a
Fleet
was
set
out
by
the
Supply
of
a
Tax
,
called
Ship-money
,
which
removed
the
Hollanders
who
had
Confederated
with
the
French
,
from
before
Dunkirk
;
and
the
Flandrians
,
with
the
assistance
of
the
Spaniard
,
soon
Routed
the
French
Army
by
Land
.
The
King
Considering
the
good
success
of
this
Fleet
,
sent
out
an
other
which
Sailing
Northward
scoured
the
Seas
of
the
Dutch
Busses
,
and
spoiled
their
Fishing-trade
,
so
that
they
were
constrained
to
purchase
their
leave
to
Fish
on
our
Coast
,
on
Valuable
Considerations
:
Several
Gentlemen
being
Dissatisfied
with
the
raising
of
Ship-money
,
and
being
done
without
consent
of
Parliament
,
refused
to
pay
it
;
upon
which
the
King
referr'd
it
to
his
Judges
,
of
whom
Ten
were
for
the
Legality
of
it
,
and
subcribed
their
Names
to
be
Enrolled
in
the
Courts
of
Westminster
;
(
but
Hutton
and
Crook
refused
)
and
thereupon
Mr.
Hamden
of
Buckinghamshire
,
refusing
to
pay
it
,
had
Judgment
given
against
him
,
which
occasioned
murmurings
among
the
people
;
of
which
Dr.
Bastwick
,
Prin
and
Burton
taking
the
Advantage
,
writ
Books
reflecting
on
the
Bishops
and
Government
,
for
which
they
were
sentenced
to
pay
5000
l.
Fine
,
lose
their
Ears
in
the
Pillory
,
and
Imprisoned
during
the
King's
pleasure
.
And
Dr.
Williams
Bishop
of
Lincoln
was
fined
10000
l.
and
Imprisoned
in
the
Tower
During
pleasure
;
and
left
to
the
Censure
of
the
High
Commission
Court
,
as
to
what
concerned
them
;
wherein
the
Bishop
had
very
hard
Measure
,
his
Offence
being
chiefly
that
he
approved
not
of
Archbishop
Laud's
Exorbitant
Actions
.
And
now
new
Troubles
arising
about
the
Book
of
Common-Prayer
in
Scotland
the
King
marched
thither
with
an
Army
,
and
the
Scots
met
him
near
Berwick
:
But
a
Treaty
being
began
,
by
means
of
the
Scots
Nobility
,
a
Peace
was
soon
Concluded
;
but
they
kept
it
no
longer
than
the
King's
return
to
London
;
which
occasioned
him
to
make
a
second
Expedition
;
but
by
this
time
they
had
entred
into
a
solemn
League
and
Covenant
for
the
Extirpation
of
Episcopacy
,
and
Establishing
of
Presbytery
.
On
the
13th
of
April
,
1640.
After
twelve
Years
interval
,
a
Parliament
met
at
Westminster
,
to
whom
the
King
promised
,
That
if
they
would
Supply
him
to
maintain
the
War
against
the
Scots
,
he
would
quit
his
claim
of
ship-money
.
And
the
Parliament
seemed
to
have
a
great
Disposition
to
comply
with
the
King's
desires
;
but
it
being
demanded
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
what
supply
the
King
expected
?
It
was
answered
by
Mr.
Secretary
Vane
,
Twelve
Subsidies
:
(
whereas
at
that
time
,
the
King
only
desir'd
Six
)
This
large
Demand
put
the
House
into
such
a
Ferment
,
made
things
look
so
ill
,
that
the
King
Dissolved
the
Parliament
the
next
Day
,
having
only
sat
22
Days
.
The
Scots
not
yet
quieted
,
enter
into
England
with
an
Army
,
and
having
defeated
the
King's
Forces
at
Newborn
,
seized
upon
New-castle
and
Durham
;
upon
which
the
King
is
willing
to
hear
their
Grievances
,
and
receives
a
Petition
from
them
,
wherein
they
require
a
Parliament
to
be
called
in
England
,
without
which
they
could
have
no
Redress
:
Declaring
their
Intention
not
to
lay
down
Arms
,
till
the
Reformed
Religion
was
settled
in
both
Nations
upon
sure
Grounds
,
and
the
Causers
and
Abetters
of
their
present
Troubles
,
Laud
and
Strafford
were
brought
to
publick
Justice
in
Parliament
.
After
which
several
Peers
,
the
City
of
London
,
and
divers
other
places
,
Petition'd
the
King
for
the
sitting
of
a
Parliament
,
whereupon
the
King
Summon'd
another
Parliament
to
meet
Nov.
3.
1640.
when
the
People
were
every
where
in
a
Ferment
and
Prejudice
,
inveighing
if
not
against
the
King
,
yet
against
his
Ministers
of
State
.
In
this
Parliament
all
Ceremonies
in
the
Church
were
suppressed
,
except
those
used
in
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
;
and
the
Earl
of
Strafford
,
Arch-bishop
Laud
,
and
Bishop
Wren
,
were
Impeached
of
High-Treason
and
committed
to
the
Tower
:
Divers
of
the
Judges
that
had
declared
for
Ship-money
were
Voted
Delinquents
;
and
Judge
Berkley
Arrested
by
the
Usher
of
the
Black
Rod
for
High-Treason
,
as
he
sate
in
the
King's-Bench-Court
.
The
King
being
vexed
at
the
proceeding
of
the
Commons
complained
to
the
Peers
,
who
promised
to
Labour
for
a
Moderation
and
good
Understanding
between
the
King
and
his
two
Houses
.
But
matters
yet
running
high
,
he
removed
divers
Ministers
of
State
and
Officers
in
Trust
,
appointing
a
new
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
▪
which
greatly
displeased
the
Commons
,
insomuch
that
t●●●
Articled
against
the
new
Lieutenant
to
be
Peers
,
w●●
refused
to
meddle
in
it
,
it
being
the
King's
Prerogative
to
●●nt
in
whom
he
pleased
.
But
not
long
after
a
multitude
of
●●prentices
and
others
came
to
the
Peers
House
,
clamouri●●●o
have
the
Lieutenant
removed
,
and
Threatning
on
refusa●
to
turn
all
Topsy-turvey
;
they
also
demanded
that
the
Bishops
might
be
excluded
the
House
of
Peers
:
And
then
going
into
Westminster-Abbey
,
in
their
unadvised
Fury
,
spoiled
the
Vestments
,
Organs
,
Sepulchres
,
and
what
else
was
comely
and
decent
.
And
as
they
returned
by
White-Hall
,
uttered
very
opprobrious
Threatnings
against
the
King
and
his
Counsellors
;
which
made
him
Fortify
his
Pallace
,
and
accept
of
a
Guard
of
the
Inns
of
Court
Gentlemen
,
who
offered
their
Service
to
defend
his
Person
from
any
Insults
.
The
Parliament
hereupon
apprehending
a
fear
of
Danger
that
threaten'd
them
,
assumed
a
Guard
for
their
Defence
,
constituting
the
Earl
of
Essex
Captain
of
it
,
and
appointed
an
extraordinary
Assembly
in
the
City
of
London
;
and
soon
after
committed
twelve
Pishops
Prisoners
to
the
Tower
,
which
scared
most
,
if
not
all
the
rest
,
from
giving
their
Attendance
;
and
many
Ministers
of
State
were
Accused
and
Censured
:
And
the
Earl
of
Strafford
,
upon
his
Tryal
,
being
accused
of
many
things
,
and
plainly
answering
all
that
by
Articles
was
laid
to
his
Charge
,
and
the
Court
Adjourning
without
prefixing
any
time
of
meeting
,
the
Commons
proceeded
to
draw
up
and
dispatch
a
Bill
of
Attainder
against
him
,
which
the
King
with
great
difficulty
,
and
some
reluctancy
of
Mind
,
Signed
;
but
the
Warrant
for
his
Execution
he
laboured
much
to
defer
,
saying
,
He
had
heard
the
Cause
,
and
believed
in
his
Conscience
the
Earl
was
not
guilty
of
Treason
,
and
yet
he
could
not
clear
him
of
Misdemeanour
;
but
hoped
a
way
might
be
found
out
to
satisfie
Justice
,
and
their
Fears
,
without
oppressing
his
Conscience
:
and
had
consulted
about
it
with
his
Judges
and
Bishops
before
he
had
Signed
the
Bill
;
as
also
a
Bill
for
the
sitting
of
the
Parliament
during
the
pleasure
of
both
Houses
;
which
last
was
occasioned
for
satisfying
the
Scots
,
who
required
vast
Sums
of
Money
.
However
the
Earl
was
Executed
,
tho'
the
King
laboured
much
to
save
him
,
proposing
his
perpetual
Imprisonment
,
and
many
other
things
.
He
was
attended
at
his
Execution
on
Tower-Hill
by
the
Arch-bishop
of
Armagh
,
and
to
this
Effect
addressed
him
to
the
People
;
viz.
That
he
was
come
thither
to
pay
the
last
Debt
he
ow'd
to
Sin
,
with
a
good
Hope
of
rising
to
Righteousness
;
that
he
Dyed
willingly
,
Forgave
all
,
and
patiently
submitted
,
declaring
himself
Innocent
of
the
Crimes
charged
against
him
;
wishing
Prosperity
to
the
King
and
People
:
He
advised
his
Adversaries
to
repent
of
their
violent
Proceedings
against
him
,
saying
,
He
thought
it
a
strange
way
to
write
in
Blood
the
beginning
of
Reformation
,
and
Settlement
of
the
Kingdom
:
however
,
he
wished
his
Blood
might
rest
,
and
not
cry
against
them
;
declaring
he
Dyed
in
the
Communion
of
the
Church
of
England
,
for
whose
Prosperity
he
Prayed
;
and
concluded
with
a
Desire
that
the
Spectators
would
pray
for
him
.
And
then
had
his
Head
stricken
off
.
There
having
been
about
this
time
some
Tumults
made
about
White-Hall
and
Westminster
,
and
the
King
being
inform'd
they
were
encouraged
by
the
Lord
Kimbolton
and
five
Members
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
the
King
demanded
those
five
Members
,
whom
he
accused
of
High-Treason
,
as
also
the
Lord
Kimbolton
,
a
Member
of
the
House
of
Peers
;
but
they
were
refused
to
be
delivered
:
Whereupon
he
came
with
about
500
armed
Men
to
the
House
of
Commons
,
where
the
Speaker
resigned
the
Chair
to
him
;
but
looking
about
,
and
not
seeing
those
he
expected
,
(
for
upon
Notice
,
they
were
withdrawn
)
he
declared
his
good
Intentions
to
the
Parliament
,
saying
,
He
hoped
they
would
send
him
those
Members
against
whom
he
had
matters
of
high
Concern
.
But
they
were
so
far
from
doing
it
,
that
they
put
the
City
of
London
in
Arms
,
and
Adjourned
their
sitting
for
five
days
;
forbidding
the
Citizens
to
help
the
King
to
find
out
any
of
the
accused
Members
;
and
so
far
were
they
from
it
;
that
the
Parliament
sitting
again
,
they
carry'd
them
in
Triumph
,
and
placed
them
in
their
Seats
,
shouting
and
threatning
as
they
passed
by
White-hall
;
and
to
lessen
the
King's
Power
,
the
Parliament
sent
Letters
to
the
adjacent
Counties
,
commanding
the
Militia
to
draw
up
in
Arms
:
Whereupon
they
found
that
upon
occasion
,
more
than
20000
Men
could
be
got
in
a
Readiness
.
These
proceedings
made
the
King
withdraw
to
Hampton-Court
,
whose
absence
much
encreased
the
Parliaments
Authority
among
the
People
;
and
to
endear
them
to
the
Citizens
,
they
adjourned
from
Westminster
to
London
;
and
sent
their
Mandates
to
the
Governors
of
Sea-port
Towns
,
strictly
forbidding
them
to
Obey
any
of
the
King's
Orders
unless
they
were
confirmed
by
them
.
This
more
weaken'd
his
Power
than
all
their
former
Proceedings
;
which
the
King
,
by
an
early
precaution
in
Garisoning
those
parts
,
might
have
prevented
.
The
King
considering
that
things
were
likely
to
go
ill
,
and
that
he
had
given
away
his
Power
,
and
could
not
dissolve
this
Parliament
,
he
endeavoured
by
mild
Terms
to
win
them
to
his
Interest
,
and
Writ
from
Windsor
,
protesting
his
good
meaning
towar●s
both
Houses
,
and
that
he
would
be
ready
to
any
thing
that
might
be
for
the
good
of
his
People
:
whereupon
they
sent
Messengers
to
desire
him
to
return
to
London
;
but
for
some
Reasons
he
refused
it
.
Hereupon
the
Commons
drew
up
an
humble
Remonstrance
,
which
seemed
so
unreasonable
to
the
Peers
,
as
to
what
therein
they
proposed
,
that
they
rejected
it
,
till
they
saw
the
Commons
uniting
against
them
,
and
then
Messengers
were
sent
to
the
King
with
it
,
who
with
some
Reservation
yielded
to
part
of
it
,
and
denyed
the
rest
;
which
not
satisfying
them
,
they
proceeded
to
Petition
the
King
,
That
the
accused
Members
might
be
freed
from
all
imputation
of
Guilt
,
which
was
Granted
.
During
the
King's
being
busie
in
Scotland
,
a
horrid
Conspiracy
and
Rebellion
broke
out
in
Ireland
,
which
was
discovered
but
the
Night
before
it
began
to
the
Lords-Justices
,
by
Owen
O
Conally
;
by
which
means
Dublin
,
and
some
other
places
,
were
secured
,
and
divers
of
the
Conspirators
apprehended
:
However
it
was
carry'd
on
with
such
a
Rage
and
Fury
,
by
the
Encouragement
of
the
Popish
Priests
,
Monks
,
and
Fryars
,
that
nothing
for
a
time
but
Slaughter
and
miserable
Cruelties
on
the
English
and
Scots
were
to
be
seen
in
most
of
the
Provinces
;
the
Romish
Priests
loudly
declaring
that
they
were
Hereticks
,
and
ought
to
be
Extirpated
from
the
Earth
;
that
it
it
was
no
more
Sin
to
kill
them
,
than
Dogs
,
and
a
mortal
one
to
Relieve
and
Protect
them
;
giving
the
Sacrament
to
divers
,
on
condition
that
they
should
spare
neither
Man
,
Woman
,
nor
Child
,
saying
,
It
did
them
a
great
deal
of
Good
to
wash
their
Hands
in
their
Blood
;
and
they
were
told
,
If
any
of
the
Murtherers
in
this
Attempt
were
slain
,
they
should
immediately
go
to
Heaven
;
so
that
nothing
but
Blood-shed
and
piteous
Cries
were
to
be
seen
and
heard
in
most
parts
of
that
Kingdom
.
The
King
to
Redress
this
,
Solicited
the
Scots
Parliament
to
send
ov●r
Forces
;
but
they
refused
,
Alledging
,
It
was
a
dependant
Kingdom
on
England
;
and
if
the
English
Parliament
would
make
use
of
,
and
pay
any
of
their
Men
,
they
might
raise
them
;
or
otherwise
they
would
not
intermeddle
:
And
the
Parliament
of
England
being
slow
in
sending
over
Succours
,
about
200000
of
all
sorts
fell
in
this
unparrallel'd
Massacre
;
but
Forces
going
over
,
the
Cut-throats
were
every
where
Routed
,
many
Slain
,
and
the
rest
betook
themselves
to
their
Fastnesses
;
and
the
state
of
Affairs
were
restored
to
some
good
Order
.
The
Contendings
between
the
King
and
Parliament
in
England
,
continuing
to
increase
,
many
that
feared
the
sad
Events
,
left
the
Land
;
others
retired
to
lead
private
Lives
.
Mary
,
the
King
's
Eldest
Daughter
,
being
Married
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
by
Approbation
of
Parliament
,
the
Queen
went
over
with
her
,
and
the
King
caused
all
Popish
Priests
to
be
banish'd
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
Penal
Statutes
to
be
put
in
Execution
against
Papists
.
Yet
the
Parliament
proceeded
to
Tax
the
King
about
harkning
to
the
Change
of
Religion
,
and
that
he
had
given
cause
to
the
Rebellion
in
Ireland
,
casting
many
Reflections
on
the
Queen
,
which
constrained
him
to
publish
his
Declaration
to
wipe
off
these
Imputations
;
but
this
doing
little
good
,
he
retired
with
Prince
Charles
his
Son
,
the
Palsgrave
of
the
Rhine
,
the
Duke
of
Richmond
,
and
others
,
to
York
;
Summoning
the
Nobles
,
Knights
of
the
Garter
,
and
all
such
as
held
Tenure
of
the
Crown
,
by
Lands
or
Service
.
But
the
Parliament
strictly
forbid
it
:
Yet
many
went
,
and
among
them
several
Members
of
Parliament
.
The
King
seeing
no
good
by
fair
means
to
be
done
,
he
Commanded
all
the
Yorkshire
Men
to
meet
him
at
Howard-Moor
near
York
,
where
there
appeared
about
60000
;
and
with
about
20000
he
returned
to
York
,
Commanding
the
rest
to
return
to
their
Respective
Homes
.
In
the
mean
while
the
Parliament
was
borrowing
Money
of
the
Londoners
on
the
Publick
Faith
;
and
raising
10000
Foot
,
and
2000
Horse
,
they
sent
them
towards
York
;
of
which
the
King
had
no
sooner
Notice
,
but
with
a
slender
Force
he
repaired
to
Hull
,
and
demanded
enterance
;
but
Sir
John
Hotham
,
the
Governour
,
appearing
on
the
Walls
,
fell
on
his
Knees
,
and
entreated
his
Majesty
not
to
desire
that
of
him
which
he
could
not
Grant
,
by
reason
of
the
Trust
imposed
in
him
by
the
Parliament
,
whereupon
he
was
proclaimed
Traytor
;
and
the
King
sent
to
the
Parliament
to
complain
of
this
Affront
,
and
require
a
Treaty
tending
to
a
Reconciliation
,
promising
to
repair
to
them
if
they
would
leave
London
,
and
make
choice
of
some
other
fitting
place
;
but
they
refused
it
.
Whereupon
he
Proclaimed
all
those
Guilty
of
Treason
that
assisted
them
either
with
Money
or
Supplies
;
and
threatned
to
deprive
the
Londoners
of
their
Charter
,
if
they
offended
herein
.
Then
he
Fortified
Newark
and
Barwick
,
and
sought
to
gain
Hull
by
Force
,
but
failed
in
the
Attempt
:
And
the
Parliament
having
proclaimed
the
Earl
of
Essex
their
General
,
the
King
repaired
to
Notingham
,
and
there
set
up
his
Standard
,
and
gathered
a
considerable
Army
;
so
that
now
to
the
great
Trouble
of
most
People
,
War
was
prepared
for
on
both
sides
,
with
much
Vigor
and
Resolution
;
in
which
many
Gallant
Men
lost
their
Lives
.
And
Prince
Charles
seeing
his
Father's
Affairs
in
a
desperate
Condition
,
Sailed
for
the
Scillys
,
from
whence
he
was
Invited
by
the
Parliament
to
return
for
London
;
but
not
thinking
it
safe
,
he
went
to
the
Hague
,
and
continued
with
his
Sister
the
Princess
of
Orange
till
he
heard
the
sad
News
of
his
Father's
Death
.
In
the
mean
while
Prince
Rupert
and
Prince
Maurice
,
the
King's
Nephews
,
Sons
to
his
Sister
the
Queen
of
Bohemia
,
came
over
,
and
were
Graced
with
Commands
in
the
Army
.
After
several
Skirmishes
,
and
the
taking
some
Towns
on
both
sides
,
the
two
Armies
drew
near
each
other
,
and
the
King
perceiving
himself
Strong
,
upon
the
Earl
of
Worcester's
coming
in
with
a
considerable
Force
of
Welch
,
resolved
to
out-march
Essex
,
and
reach
London
,
and
to
that
end
got
a
days
March
before
him
;
but
Scorning
to
be
pursu'd
by
a
Subject
,
he
changed
his
Measures
,
Faced
about
,
and
both
Parties
Facing
,
between
Keinton
and
Edge-hill
in
Warwickshire
,
on
the
23d
of
Octob.
1642
,
a
sharp
Battel
was
Fought
between
them
,
in
which
on
both
sides
were
slain
between
5
and
6000
Men
;
and
the
Slaughter
had
been
much
greater
,
had
not
Night
come
on
and
parted
them
.
After
this
the
King
took
in
the
Town
and
Castle
of
Banbury
,
and
some
other
places
.
The
Parliament
to
strengthen
their
Army
,
Voted
,
That
all
Apprentices
that
would
List
,
should
be
Free
from
their
Masters
,
and
afterward
received
into
Service
again
;
whereupon
they
gained
considerable
Recruits
.
Then
solemnly
invited
the
Scots
to
their
Assistance
;
which
the
King
by
his
Letters
to
the
Privy-Council
of
Scotland
,
laboured
to
prevent
,
but
in
vain
:
Yet
several
of
the
Lords
and
Commons
presented
a
Petition
to
him
at
Cole-brook
,
and
had
answer
,
He
would
expect
them
at
Windsor
Castle
,
and
desired
them
to
hasten
the
Treaty
:
But
this
they
did
to
gain
time
till
Essex
was
Recruited
,
which
made
the
King
hasten
to
Secure
Brainford
,
where
happened
a
sharp
Encounter
,
tho'
at
last
he
forced
his
way
;
but
upon
Essex's
hastening
with
his
Regular
Forces
,
and
the
London-Militia
,
he
retired
,
for
fear
of
being
hemmed
in
,
to
Oxford
;
and
because
this
happened
in
a
time
of
Treaty
,
the
Parliament
Voted
to
have
no
Accommodation
;
yet
after
allowed
it
,
if
he
would
leave
his
Army
and
come
to
them
:
But
this
was
Rejected
,
and
the
War
waxed
fierce
,
so
that
with
various
Success
Towns
were
taken
,
and
Parties
routed
on
both
sides
,
by
turns
,
whilst
the
Counties
of
Norfolk
,
Suffolk
,
Essex
,
Hartford
,
Cambridge
,
Isle
of
Ely
,
and
the
City
of
Norwich
,
were
Authorized
by
the
Parliament
to
Associate
under
the
Lord
Gray
of
Wark
.
And
the
Queen
arriving
with
Officers
,
Ammunition
,
and
Money
from
Holland
,
was
received
at
York
by
the
Earls
of
New
castle
and
Cumberland
.
And
these
Disturbances
at
Home
,
gave
the
Irish
an
Opportunity
to
Rebel
again
at
the
Instigation
of
the
Pope
,
who
to
that
Purpose
sent
two
Letters
,
one
to
Owen
O
Neal
,
and
the
other
to
all
the
Arch-bishops
,
Bishops
,
Nobles
,
and
People
of
the
Kingdom
;
Commanding
those
who
had
already
appeared
in
the
Quarrel
,
and
Exhorting
others
to
take
Arms
;
wickedly
approving
the
Massacre
,
and
bestowing
on
them
his
Benediction
,
with
plenary
Pardons
and
Absolutions
for
whatever
they
should
act
;
so
that
much
Blood
was
again
shed
,
which
caused
(
by
the
Mediation
of
those
that
were
Peaceably
inclin'd
)
several
new
Treaties
to
be
set
on
Foot
between
the
King
and
Parliament
;
but
they
came
to
nothing
,
being
still
crossed
by
those
that
hoped
for
Advantages
by
the
Distractions
of
the
times
.
And
the
Lord
Brook
besieging
Litchfield-Close
,
was
there
Slain
;
but
his
Soldiers
took
it
,
and
the
Earl
of
Chester
Prisoner
.
And
now
they
proceeded
to
draw
up
Articles
of
high
Treason
against
the
Queen
,
some
of
which
were
,
That
she
pawned
the
Crown-Jewels
in
Holland
;
That
she
endeavoured
to
raise
a
Party
in
Scotland
against
the
Parliament
;
and
that
she
was
in
the
Head
of
a
Popish
Army
in
England
.
This
was
carried
to
the
Lords
by
Pym
,
who
seemed
at
first
to
be
Surprized
,
but
after
agreed
to
it
.
About
this
time
Robert
Yeomans
and
George
Boucher
,
were
Hang'd
at
Bristol
,
on
pretence
they
designed
to
betray
the
City
to
the
King
;
and
on
the
like
pretence
Mr.
Tomkins
and
Mr.
Challonor
were
Executed
on
the
Account
of
London
-
And
during
these
Heats
,
Arch-bishop
Laud
was
Attainted
of
High-Treason
,
and
lost
his
Head
.
And
the
Queen
meeting
the
King
at
Edge-hill
,
went
with
him
to
Oxford
,
where
having
Recruited
his
Army
,
he
marched
to
Gloucester
,
which
he
Besieged
.
And
Prince
Rupert
having
taken
Bristol
,
and
gained
some
other
advantages
,
came
to
him
.
In
the
mean
while
Essex
hasted
away
with
the
City
Trained-Bands
,
and
Auxiliaries
added
to
his
Army
,
and
between
the
King
and
him
a
great
Battel
was
Fought
on
Newbury-heath
soon
after
;
for
upon
his
coming
,
having
raised
the
Siege
,
he
followed
the
King
;
and
having
view'd
his
Army
,
presently
Engag'd
;
and
after
a
sharp
Fight
,
the
King's
Party
had
the
worst
:
And
now
the
Parliament
getting
the
Fleet
from
Sir
John
Pennington
,
made
the
Earl
of
Warwick
Admiral
,
and
watched
the
Coast
to
prevent
the
Landing
of
Foreign
Forces
:
and
Sir
John
Hotham
and
h●s
Son
being
Tryed
for
intending
to
deliver
Hull
to
the
King
,
on
some
Disgust
taken
,
were
Condemned
and
Beheaded
;
and
the
Parliament
proclaimed
all
Traytors
that
should
assist
the
King
against
them
with
Horse
,
Arms
,
or
Money
;
and
Treason
for
any
Member
of
their
House
to
Desert
them
,
and
go
to
him
.
And
soon
after
,
the
second
Newbury
Fight
ensued
,
in
which
the
King
was
worsted
,
and
between
4
or
5000
Men
Slain
on
both
sides
;
after
which
the
Vxbridge
Treaty
began
:
But
the
Parliaments
Demands
were
such
,
that
it
broke
off
without
coming
to
any
Agreement
.
Whilst
these
and
other
matters
happened
in
England
,
the
Marquess
of
Mont●os●
with
a
handful
of
Men
performed
Wonders
in
Scotland
,
overthrowing
the
Lord
Burleigh
,
and
divers
others
;
but
not
being
Succoured
as
he
expected
,
it
on●●
diverted
the
Sc●ts
for
a
time
from
entring
England
.
And
upon
the
Parliaments
passing
the
Self-denying
Ordinance
,
the
Earls
of
Essex
,
Manchester
,
and
Denbeigh
,
Surrendred
their
Commissions
in
the
Lords
House
,
and
10000
l.
per
Annum
was
Voted
to
Essex
out
of
Delinquents
Estates
.
And
now
Sir
Thomas
Fairfax
was
made
General
of
their
Army
,
and
Oliver
Cromwell
Lieutenant-General
of
the
Horse
,
and
most
of
the
Commission-Officers
were
Changed
;
and
Col.
Mitton
Surprized
Shrewsbury
,
one
of
the
King's
head
Garisons
.
York
being
Relieved
by
Prince
Rupert
,
the
bloody
Fight
at
Marston-Moor
ensued
;
in
which
9000
were
Slain
,
which
occasioned
the
Surrendering
that
City
;
and
Col.
Massey
Defeated
the
Prince
at
Lebury
.
But
that
which
most
Ruined
the
King
,
was
Naseby
Battel
;
where
besides
the
slain
,
the
greater
part
of
his
Soldiers
and
Officers
were
taken
Prisoners
;
also
divers
of
his
menial
Servants
,
his
Coach
,
and
Cabinet
of
Letters
.
This
Battel
was
Fought
in
a
Fallow-Field
,
on
the
North-West-side
of
Naseby
,
a
mile
broad
;
which
Ground
was
wholly
taken
up
by
the
Armies
;
so
that
the
Battel
was
exceeding
bloody
,
both
sides
being
v●ry
Couragious
and
Numerous
,
not
being
500
Odds
:
And
here
the
King
,
besides
his
Men
,
lost
12
pieces
of
Cannon
,
8000
Arms
,
40
Barrels
of
Pouder
,
200
Carriages
,
and
his
baggage
,
besides
his
Treasure
that
should
have
paid
his
Army
,
or
raised
Recruits
,
and
was
never
after
able
to
recover
the
Blow
,
but
faintly
Strugled
,
whilst
the
Parliament
Forces
swept
away
almost
all
his
Garisons
,
Oxford
being
the
last
of
any
Note
,
in
which
the
King
was
closely
Besieged
;
and
that
City
made
a
very
stout
Resistance
,
but
there
being
no
Army
in
the
Field
,
that
could
relieve
it
,
the
King
fearing
a
Storm
,
resolved
to
go
thence
privately
,
and
cast
himself
for
Protection
on
the
Scots
Army
,
that
was
advanced
as
far
as
Southwel
;
and
thence
to
New-Castle
.
The
Scots
promised
him
Protection
,
and
appeared
very
Joyful
of
his
Presence
among
them
,
yet
all
waa
but
Dissimulation
;
for
the
English
Parliament
demanded
his
Delivery
,
and
they
wanting
their
Pay
,
which
they
could
not
by
any
other
means
foresee
they
should
have
,
in
consideration
of
200000
l.
they
Surrendred
him
Prisoner
,
and
immediately
marched
back
over
the
Tweed
;
in
the
mean
while
Oxford
,
Litchfield
,
Worcester
,
Pendennis
,
the
Island
and
Castle
of
Scilly
,
and
many
others
,
Surrendred
;
and
the
few
Parties
of
Royalists
that
made
Head
were
frequently
routed
.
But
briefly
to
pass
over
this
Bloody
Scene
,
which
cannot
be
very
Grateful
to
English-men
,
I
come
to
a
close
of
this
unhappy
Reign
.
Having
got
the
King
in
their
Hands
,
they
sent
him
Prisoner
to
Holmby-Castle
,
whilst
many
earnestly
Laboured
for
an
Accommodation
;
the
Surry-men
Petitioned
,
but
were
set
upon
by
the
Soldiers
,
some
Slain
,
and
many
Wounded
;
nor
fared
the
Kentish-men
better
.
At
length
a
Treaty
was
set
on
Foot
;
but
Letters
were
purposely
scattered
to
fright
the
King
away
,
intimating
Designs
against
his
Life
;
for
then
he
had
a
kind
of
Liberty
,
being
brought
to
Hampton-Court
in
order
to
the
Treaty
.
When
escaping
into
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
he
was
there
made
Prisoner
by
Coll.
Hammond
in
Carisbrook-Castle
;
and
it
was
Voted
,
No
further
Address
be
made
to
the
King
.
But
that
was
afterward
Annulled
,
and
the
King's
Concessions
Voted
Satisfactory
;
and
things
were
in
a
fair
way
to
an
Agreement
.
But
the
Army
Officers
knowing
their
Commissions
lasted
but
with
the
War
,
dealing
under-hand
with
some
designing
Men
in
the
Parliament-House
,
who
under
pretence
of
a
Publick
Good
,
had
all
along
along
aimed
at
Self-interest
,
the
Soldiers
being
by
Interest
and
Promises
made
of
their
Party
;
all
such
Members
as
were
for
the
Accommodation
,
were
by
Military
Force
excluded
the
House
,
and
the
King
brought
to
Hurst-Castle
,
and
afterwards
to
Windsor
;
and
his
Party
went
extreamly
to
wreck
at
Maidstone
,
Ponifract
,
Bow
,
Stratford
,
Kingston
;
and
Colchester
,
after
a
brave
Resistance
,
being
taken
,
Sir
Charles
Lucas
and
Sir
George
Lisle
were
shot
to
Death
,
tho'
Quarter
had
been
given
them
.
And
now
those
Members
that
were
left
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
contrary
to
the
Consent
of
the
Lords
,
being
backed
by
the
Army
,
made
an
Act
[
as
they
called
it
]
for
the
Tryal
of
the
King
;
and
Erected
a
Tribunal
,
called
by
them
a
High-Court
of
Justice
,
to
that
end
,
of
which
John
Bradshaw
,
a
Serjeant
at
Law
,
was
President
,
and
56
others
as
Judges
;
and
the
King
being
called
before
them
,
and
accused
of
several
Crimes
,
as
that
he
gave
cause
for
the
Cruel
Blood-shed
in
England
and
Ireland
;
that
he
had
Proclaimed
War
,
in
setting
up
his
Standard
against
the
Parliament
;
That
he
had
commissioned
his
Son
and
others
,
to
wage
War
;
and
therefore
was
pronounced
a
Traytor
,
a
Tyrant
,
and
an
Enemy
to
the
Common-wealth
of
England
:
To
this
Charge
the
King
refused
to
Answer
,
or
to
acknowledge
the
Authority
of
the
Court
,
offering
his
Reasons
;
but
they
were
not
admitted
;
and
being
several
times
brought
before
them
,
and
urged
thereunto
,
on
his
refusal
,
on
the
the
27th
of
Jan.
1648.
the
Sentence
was
pronounced
against
him
,
viz.
That
he
the
said
Charles
Steuart
,
was
fallen
from
all
Dignity
,
was
Guilty
of
High-Treason
,
and
to
be
put
to
Death
,
by
Severing
his
Head
from
his
Body
,
for
being
a
Tyrant
,
a
Murtherer
,
and
an
Enemy
to
the
Common-Wealth
.
The
Sentence
being
read
,
the
Court
stood
up
in
Confirmation
of
it
,
as
an
Act
and
Resolution
of
them
all
;
and
the
King
offering
to
speak
,
was
Violently
Hurried
away
by
the
Guard
:
And
tho'
the
Dutch
Embassador
,
the
Scots
and
most
of
the
English
Nobles
,
interceeded
to
stay
Execution
,
he
was
on
the
30th
of
Jan.
1648.
brought
from
St.
James's
to
White-Hall
,
and
there
being
attended
(
on
a
Scaffold
before
the
Banquetting-House
)
by
Dr.
Juxon
Bishop
of
London
,
he
made
a
Profession
of
his
Innocency
,
and
of
his
Faith
,
forgiving
his
Enemies
,
and
praying
to
God
not
to
lay
his
Blood
to
their
Charge
,
seeming
troubled
that
he
had
consented
to
the
Sentence
against
the
Earl
of
Strafford
;
and
after
this
and
much
more
to
the
like
Purpose
,
he
kneeling
down
,
gave
the
Sign
to
the
Executioner
,
by
stretching
out
his
Arms
,
and
at
one
Blow
had
his
Head
separated
from
his
Body
;
which
being
put
in
a
Coffin
covered
with
Velvet
,
was
carried
to
Windsor
,
and
buried
in
a
Vault
in
St.
George's
Chappel
.
Thus
,
without
President
,
fell
King
Charles
,
when
he
had
Reigned
23
Years
,
10
Months
,
and
3
Days
,
being
the
24th
Year
of
his
Reign
,
and
49th
of
his
Age.
Put
to
Death
by
the
Hands
of
his
own
Subjects
,
contrary
to
all
Law
and
Justice
;
universally
Pitied
,
(
but
unable
to
be
help'd
)
by
his
People
.
He
was
one
of
the
Chastest
Princes
that
ever
sate
upon
the
Throne
,
being
all
along
so
true
to
his
Queen
,
that
he
never
Defil'd
his
Marriage-bed
.
And
had
he
not
given
too
much
heed
to
Buckingham
,
Laud
,
and
some
other
f●attering
Parasites
and
Courtiers
,
who
were
continually
Buzzing
into
his
Ears
nothing
but
Absolute
and
unlimitted
Power
,
putting
him
upon
Dissolving
his
Parliaments
,
and
then
raising
Money
,
and
Ruling
without
them
,
as
appear'd
by
his
Twelve
Years
interval
of
Parliaments
,
viz.
from
Anno
1628
,
to
1640.
whereby
he
lost
the
Love
of
his
People
;
he
had
never
been
brought
to
that
dismal
Catastrophe
,
but
might
have
Liv'd
and
Dy'd
a
Happy
Prince
.
And
this
may
be
observ'd
from
this
King's
Reign
,
as
well
as
from
several
before
,
That
never
any
Prince
fell
out
with
his
Parliament
,
and
went
about
to
Establish
an
Arbitrary
Power
,
but
he
not
only
found
himself
Mistaken
,
but
also
thereby
made
himself
Miserable
.
Before
the
breaking
out
of
this
unnatural
War
,
amazing
Sights
were
seen
in
the
Air
,
of
Firey
Men
and
Horses
,
running
at
each
other
with
Launces
,
encountring
with
great
Blasts
of
Lightning
,
and
noise
of
Thunder
.
In
Gloucester-shire
Spectres
were
seen
in
a
large
Field
not
far
from
that
City
,
drawn
up
in
Battalia
,
furiously
Engaging
and
then
Vanishing
,
to
the
Amazement
of
the
Beholders
.
The
Reign
of
King
CHARLES
The
Second
.
KING
Charles
the
First
being
put
to
Death
,
the
Relicks
of
the
Parliament
began
to
take
out
of
the
way
such
Nobles
and
others
as
they
supposed
would
obstruct
their
Proceedings
;
and
particularly
Duke
Hamilton
,
the
Earl
of
Holland
,
and
the
Lord
Capel
were
Beheaded
for
Treason
,
pretended
against
them
.
And
now
to
make
their
Power
the
Stronger
,
they
combined
with
the
Army-Officers
:
And
tho'
Charles
,
Son
to
the
preceding
King
,
had
an
undoubted
Right
to
the
Kingdom
,
they
proceeded
to
bar
him
,
and
all
the
Royal
Line
,
as
they
hoped
,
from
the
Crown
,
or
any
other
from
being
King
or
chief
Magistrate
,
unless
by
Publick
Act
of
Parliament
so
appointed
;
and
that
it
should
be
Treason
in
any
to
attempt
to
further
King
Charles
the
Second
(
by
them
generally
called
Charles
Stewart
)
in
his
Designs
to
possess
the
Crown
,
by
Proclaiming
him
,
or
any
Assistance
given
to
him
;
taking
great
care
not
to
admit
the
Secluded
Members
,
lest
they
should
put
a
stop
to
the
Current
of
their
Proceedings
;
taking
down
every
where
the
King's
-
Arms
,
and
placing
the
Harp
and
Cross
in
their
places
,
called
the
States
Arms
,
and
having
taken
down
the
late
King's
Effigies
from
the
Royal-Exchange
,
they
caused
to
be
inscribed
in
the
place
where
it
stood
,
in
Letters
of
Gold
,
Exit
Tyranus
Regum
ultimus
,
Anno
Libertatis
Angliae
,
Restitutiae
Primo
Anno
1648.
Jan.
30.
All
Titles
in
Processes
of
Law
were
altered
;
and
instead
of
Carolus
Dei
Gratia
,
&c.
was
put
in
Custodes
Libertatis
Angliae
,
&c.
The
King's-Bench
was
called
the
Vpper-Bench
;
and
a
new
Stamp
was
made
for
Money
,
having
on
the
one
side
the
Cross
,
and
on
the
other
the
Cross
and
Harp
;
inscribed
,
The
Common-wealth
of
England
,
on
the
one
side
,
and
God
with
Vs
,
on
the
other
;
also
a
new
Great
Seal
was
prepared
,
with
the
Cross
and
Harp
on
the
one
side
,
with
this
Inscription
,
The
Great
Seal
of
England
;
and
on
the
other
side
,
the
Picture
of
the
House
of
Commons
,
with
these
Words
,
In
the
first
Year
of
Freedom
,
by
God's
Blessing
restor'd
,
1648.
Things
being
thus
Moddelled
,
whilst
King
Charles
was
in
France
,
Solliciting
for
Aid
to
possess
him
of
his
Kingdoms
,
Fairfax
out
of
some
dislike
to
the
Patliaments
proceedings
,
laid
down
his
Commission
,
which
was
given
to
Oliver
Cromwel
,
who
from
this
time
laid
the
Projection
of
his
future
Greatness
:
And
indeed
,
in
his
attempts
on
Ireland
and
Scotland
he
was
so
Successful
as
to
reduce
them
to
the
English
Obedience
,
with
incredible
Slaughter
of
the
Natives
.
However
King
Charles
was
proclaimed
by
his
Friends
in
England
,
and
Ireland
,
and
soon
after
in
Scotland
.
And
now
Money
being
wanting
to
maintain
the
Parliaments
Armies
,
&c.
the
Crown-Lands
,
Dean
and
Chapter
,
and
Bishops
Lands
,
were
Sold
,
with
many
stately
Houses
,
and
most
of
the
Castles
in
England
Demolished
;
and
all
Persons
expelled
from
Places
of
Trust
in
Church
and
State
,
that
Subscribed
not
to
be
Conformable
to
the
New-modelled
Government
.
The
Scots
all
this
while
were
Debating
how
to
Restore
the
King
,
who
was
in
the
Isle
of
Jersey
,
and
coming
to
a
Result
,
sent
the
Laird
Libberton
and
Mr.
Windram
to
him
with
Proposals
,
the
Heads
being
these
;
1.
That
he
should
Sign
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
.
2.
That
he
should
Pass
divers
Acts
concluded
on
in
the
two
last
Sessions
of
Parliament
in
Scotland
.
3.
That
he
should
recall
the
Commissions
given
to
Montross
.
4.
That
he
should
put
from
him
all
Papists
,
and
appoint
some
place
in
Holland
to
treat
with
their
Commissioners
and
give
them
a
speedy
Answer
:
And
Sir
William
Fleming
being
sent
by
the
King
to
the
Estates
of
Scotland
,
Breda
was
appointed
for
the
place
of
Treaty
,
and
Commissioners
were
sent
to
represent
the
Kirk
and
State
,
who
delivered
what
they
had
in
Charge
to
the
same
Effect
as
has
been
mentioned
.
But
whilst
the
Treaty
held
,
the
Marquess
of
Montross
making
new
Attempts
,
was
Surprized
in
Scotland
;
where
with
much
Indignity
he
was
brought
to
Execution
,
and
Hanged
on
a
Gibbet
of
extraordinary
height
,
Dying
with
a
Courage
and
Bravery
suitable
to
that
wherein
he
had
Lived
,
and
Quarters
were
set
up
in
divers
places
.
This
being
done
in
a
full
Treaty
,
greatly
Displeased
the
King
,
because
he
had
his
Commission
,
and
had
acted
in
his
Cause
;
but
the
necessity
of
his
affairs
,
made
him
pass
it
over
,
and
he
Condescended
to
most
of
the
Proposals
.
The
Parliament
of
England
soon
heard
of
their
Treaty
,
and
to
prevent
its
taking
effect
,
sent
an
Army
under
Cromwel
into
Scotland
,
and
manning
out
a
Fleet
,
Admiral
Blake
fell
in
with
Prince
Rupert's
Squadron
,
sinking
and
burning
most
of
the
Ships
he
Commanded
for
the
King
;
however
matters
being
agreed
on
,
the
King
hastened
to
Scotland
,
and
Landed
at
Spey
,
where
several
Lords
came
to
him
;
and
the
Town
of
Aberdeen
presented
him
with
1500
l.
which
so
angered
the
Estates
,
that
they
strictly
forbid
all
other
Towns
under
great
Penalties
to
do
the
like
.
And
coming
to
Edenburg
,
he
was
a
second
time
Proclaimed
King
,
July
16.
Anno
1650.
But
the
English
overthrowing
the
Scots
Army
commanded
by
Montgomery
at
Muscleborough
,
his
Coronation
was
put
off
till
January
;
when
with
much
Solemnity
he
was
Crown'd
at
Scone
;
and
setting
up
his
Standard
at
Aberdeen
,
made
him self
Generallissimo
of
the
Scots
Army
,
and
Fortifying
Sterling
,
he
removed
his
Court
thither
.
Whilst
these
things
passed
,
the
English
Parliament
(
as
they
pretended
)
found
out
several
Plots
against
them
,
for
which
Sir
Henry
Hyde
,
and
Capt.
Brown
Bushel
were
Beheaded
;
and
soon
after
,
Mr.
Gibbons
,
and
Mr.
Love
,
a
Presbyterian
Minister
.
Cromwel
perceiving
he
could
not
draw
the
Scots
to
a
Battel
,
Transported
1600
Foot
,
and
4
Troops
of
Horse
,
over
the
Fife
,
who
assisted
by
Lambert
and
Okey
,
routed
Sir
John
Brown's
Forces
,
killing
about
2000
on
the
place
,
taking
him
and
about
200
more
Prisoners
,
and
the
King
perceiving
his
Enemies
prevail
so
fast
in
Scotland
,
calling
a
Council
,
it
was
agreed
he
should
March
into
England
,
to
try
what
Friends
he
had
to
assist
him
.
But
they
came
in
very
slowly
,
the
Parliament
having
taken
care
before
to
prevent
it
,
so
that
in
a
long
March
very
few
joyned
him
except
the
Lord
Escreek's
Son
with
a
Troop
of
Horse
,
and
the
Earl
of
Derby
with
250
Foot
and
6
Horse
;
but
whilst
the
King
lingered
by
the
way
,
Lambert
being
Guided
over
the
Moors
and
Dales
in
Yorkshire
,
got
before
him
,
and
Cromwel
pursued
hard
after
;
yet
after
a
sharp
Dispute
with
Lambert
,
he
gained
the
Pass
of
Warington-bridge
,
and
sent
to
Coll.
Mackworth
to
Surrender
Shrewsbury
,
but
he
refused
it
;
whereupon
he
marched
to
Worcester
,
and
was
recieved
with
much
Joy
into
that
place
;
but
whilst
he
was
Fortifying
this
Place
,
news
came
that
the
Earl
of
Derby
who
went
to
raise
Forces
in
Lancashire
,
was
overthrown
by
Lilburn
,
and
most
of
his
chief
Commanders
slain
or
taken
Prisoners
;
and
now
the
Trained-Bands
from
all
parts
gathering
about
Worcester
,
Cromwel
and
others
came
up
with
the
Regular
Forces
,
and
Lambert
gained
the
Pass
at
Vpton
,
where
the
Bridge
was
broke
down
,
by
swimming
the
River
,
and
rescuing
a
Party
of
their
Men
besieged
by
Massey
in
a
Church
,
and
by
this
means
beat
the
King's
Party
,
and
entirely
gained
the
Pass
;
and
Cromwel
laid
a
Bridge
of
Boats
over
the
River
,
but
the
King
scorning
to
be
cooped
up
with
his
Army
,
on
the
third
of
Sept.
1651
,
sallyed
out
of
Worcester
,
and
gave
the
Enemy
Battle
;
but
having
Charged
several
times
,
and
two
Horses
shot
under
him
,
over-powred
by
Numbers
,
he
was
forced
to
Retreat
,
but
was
closely
pursued
by
the
Parliament
Forces
,
who
thrust
with
his
into
the
Town
;
and
then
the
Cry
being
to
Save
the
King
,
he
had
the
good
Luck
to
get
away
,
with
the
Lord
Wilmot
;
and
coming
to
a
Farmer
's
House
on
the
edge
of
Stafford-shire
,
disguised
himself
,
cutting
off
his
long
black
Hair
with
a
Knife
,
for
want
of
Scissars
;
and
after
that
was
Secured
a
while
in
Boscobel-house
by
the
Pendrills
,
Hudstone
a
Priest
,
and
some
few
others
,
that
were
thought
fit
to
be
made
acquainted
with
his
being
there
;
but
1000
l.
being
set
upon
him
,
and
Search
almost
every
where
made
,
he
narrowly
Escaped
one
Evening
,
by
getting
out
at
the
Back-door
,
into
the
Wood
,
whilst
the
Searchers
were
entring
at
the
Fore-door
;
and
there
he
made
an
Oak-Tree
his
Palace
,
which
shelter'd
him
till
the
heat
of
the
Search
was
over
.
And
at
length
,
by
the
means
of
Mrs.
Jane
Lane
,
for
whose
Servant
he
went
,
and
passed
by
some
of
Oliver's
Troopers
as
such
.
After
having
escaped
many
Dangers
,
and
passed
through
many
Difficulties
,
he
Landed
at
New-Haven
in
France
,
from
whence
he
went
to
his
Mother
then
at
the
French
Court.
In
this
Battle
about
3000
were
Slain
,
but
a
far
greater
Number
were
taken
Prisoners
;
and
most
of
the
Scots
sold
as
Slaves
here
,
and
to
the
Plantations
.
Their
Colours
taken
,
were
hung
up
in
Triumph
in
Westminster-Hall
;
and
the
Earl
of
Derby
who
was
taken
at
his
Overthrow
,
was
Beheaded
at
Bolton
in
Lancashire
.
The
Marquess
of
Ormond
,
and
Lord
Inchiqueen
standing
out
in
Ireland
,
levied
considerable
Forces
for
the
King's
Service
,
and
the
former
Besieged
Dublin
with
a
Formidable
Army
,
but
being
Negligent
,
and
many
of
them
raw
Soldiers
,
Collonel
Jones
the
Governour
,
Sallying
first
with
a
few
,
and
then
with
the
whole
Garison
,
raised
the
Siege
,
and
took
almost
all
the
Plunder
of
the
Camp
;
afer
which
several
other
Towns
were
taken
;
and
Cromwel
coming
over
with
a
sufficient
Force
,
took
Drogheda
,
and
divers
other
places
;
in
many
of
which
the
bloody
Irish
were
put
to
the
Sword
,
unless
such
as
by
hiding
,
found
means
to
Escape
his
Fury
;
and
in
three
Years
time
Ireland
was
Quieted
and
Reduced
.
Scotland
and
Ireland
being
thus
Reduced
to
the
Obedience
of
the
Common-wealth
of
England
,
(
as
it
was
then
stiled
)
the
Parliament
Resolved
that
Scotland
shall
be
United
to
England
,
and
Monarchy
Abol●shed
also
in
that
Kingdom
;
and
that
Scotland
shoul
send
up
Deputies
,
in
such
a
Proportion
as
the
Parliament
should
think
meet
,
to
represent
them
in
the
Parliament
of
England
;
which
tho'
the
Kirk
party
opposed
,
was
notwithstanding
done
.
After
which
follow'd
an
Act
of
Grace
to
all
the
People
of
England
,
pardoning
whatever
they
had
done
,
and
all
Hostilities
committed
against
the
Parliament
,
provided
they
take
the
Engagement
,
which
was
,
To
be
true
and
Faithful
to
the
Common-wealth
of
England
,
as
then
Established
,
without
King
or
House
of
Lords
.
No
sooner
were
these
things
over
,
and
all
things
seemed
Quiet
at
Home
,
but
our
Young
Common-wealth
found
new
Occasion
for
the
exercise
of
their
Arms
abroad
:
There
had
been
for
some
time
a
Grudge
between
them
and
the
Senior
Common-wealth
of
Holland
,
occasion'd
by
the
Assassination
of
their
Agent
Dr.
Dorislaus
there
;
and
afterwards
by
the
Affronts
put
upon
their
Embassadors
,
Oliver
St.
John
,
and
Walter
Strickland
,
by
the
common
People
in
Holland
,
insomuch
that
these
Embassadors
not
thinking
themselves
sufficiently
Vindicated
by
the
States
,
came
away
in
great
Discontent
;
and
afterwards
when
the
States
sent
Embassadors
here
to
Excuse
themselves
,
and
to
desire
a
Pacification
,
they
were
answer'd
with
Demands
of
Reparation
for
their
Herring-Fishing
,
and
Question'd
about
the
Business
of
Amboyna
,
and
other
things
of
that
Nature
,
which
made
them
go
back
re
infecta
.
Upon
this
,
the
Hollanders
resolving
to
be
as
Stout
as
they
,
set
out
a
great
Fleet
for
the
Security
of
their
Trade
,
under
the
Command
of
Van
Trump
:
with
instructions
not
to
strike
his
Flag
to
the
English
Admiral
,
&c.
Upon
which
,
on
the
17th
of
May
,
1652.
Van
Trump
came
into
Dover-road
with
42
Sail
of
Men
of
War
,
and
Blake
the
English
Admiral
encountred
them
with
a
far
less
Number
,
and
tho'
there
was
no
great
matter
done
on
neither
side
,
yet
Van
Trump
had
the
worst
of
it
,
having
had
one
Ship
s●nk
,
and
another
taken
,
and
about
150
men
Slain
;
whereas
the
English
had
not
any
Ship
disabled
,
and
very
few
Men
kill'd
.
But
this
bad
beginning
did
not
so
much
Dishearten
the
Dutch
,
but
in
a
little
time
,
Van
Trump
was
again
at
Sea
,
with
120
Men
of
War
.
But
for
all
his
haste
,
Blake
was
out
before
him
with
70
Men
of
War
,
and
Sailed
Northward
to
interrupt
the
Dutch
Fishing-Trade
,
and
to
look
after
five
Dutch
East-India
Ships
about
that
time
expected
Home
:
and
in
the
mean
time
Sir
George
Ascough
arriving
in
the
Downs
with
the
Barbadoes
Fleet
,
brought
ten
Dutch
Merchants
Ships
,
and
four
Dutch
Men
of
War
along
with
him
,
whom
he
had
taken
in
his
way
.
Of
which
Trump
having
Notice
,
endeavoured
to
get
between
Sir
George
and
the
River
,
but
by
the
changing
of
the
Wind
was
Disappointed
.
Whereupon
be
returned
to
Holland
to
convey
their
East-Land
Ships
to
the
Sound
;
and
in
his
way
receiv'd
advice
that
Blake
had
dispersed
their
Herring-Fishing
,
and
taken
12
Men
of
War
that
Guarded
them
;
upon
which
Trump
sent
part
of
his
Ships
to
Guard
the
Merchant-men
,
and
with
the
rest
Sailed
to
find
out
Blake
,
who
was
about
the
Isles
of
Orkne●
:
But
a
terrible
Storm
arising
,
Trump's
Fleet
was
so
scattered
that
he
came
home
but
with
42
Sail
;
tho'
most
of
the
rest
came
in
afterwards
:
But
Blake
came
safe
to
Yarmouth
with
all
his
Fleet
,
and
six
of
Trump's
Frigats
that
he
had
met
with
,
and
900
Prisoners
.
In
the
Month
of
August
following
,
Sir
George
Ayscough
and
De
Ruyter
Engaged
each
other
;
Sir
George
had
several
of
his
Captains
wounded
,
and
some
Ships
damaged
,
but
not
one
Ship
lost
.
What
Loss
the
Dutch
had
,
was
not
known
.
In
October
following
was
another
Engagement
on
the
side
of
the
North-Foreland
,
between
the
Dutch
Admiral
De
W●●
,
and
Admiral
Blake
,
wherein
great
Courage
was
shown
on
both
sides
;
the
Rear-Admiral
of
the
Dutch
was
Boarded
and
Taken
,
and
two
more
of
their
Ships
were
Sunk
,
and
one
Blo●n
up
:
So
that
the
Dutch
made
what
haste
they
could
to
get
off
;
and
were
pursu'd
by
the
English
Fleet
within
12
Leagues
of
the
Maeze
.
After
which
,
the
English
having
preserv'd
all
their
Ships
,
tho'
some
were
much
Damag'd
,
return'd
into
the
Downs
in
Triumph
.
The
Hogen-Mogeans
finding
that
if
they
went
on
at
this
Rate
,
they
were
like
to
be
reduc'd
to
poor
distressed
States
again
,
resolve
to
re-inforce
their
Fleet
considerably
,
the
King
of
Denmark
(
whom
they
had
Solicited
to
take
their
Part
)
promising
to
assist
them
with
20
Ships
of
War
,
provided
they
restore
Van
Trump
to
his
place
of
Admiral
again
.
Which
they
readily
agreed
to
,
and
prevail'd
with
Trump
again
to
accept
it
.
With
this
Reinforcement
,
Van
Trump
being
restor'd
to
his
office
of
Admiral
,
got
together
a
Fleet
of
80
Men
of
War
,
and
10
Fire-ships
,
with
which
he
Sail'd
to
the
back-side
of
the
Goodwin
,
;
and
Blake
was
in
the
Downs
with
few
more
than
40
Men
of
War
;
who
hearing
that
Van
Trump
was
coming
to
Fight
him
,
resolved
not
to
refuse
the
Engagement
,
and
therefore
Hoised
up
his
Sails
to
find
out
Trump
,
and
sent
out
seven
Ships
to
discover
his
Fleet
,
which
were
met
by
nine
of
the
Dutch
,
sent
out
upon
the
same
Errand
:
These
meeting
,
first
began
the
Fight
;
and
the
two
Admirals
hearing
the
Cannon
,
quickly
advanc'd
at
the
head
of
their
Squadrons
,
the
Fight
being
very
furious
,
and
lasting
from
two
in
the
Morning
till
six
in
the
Evening
,
on
the
29th
of
November
.
Tho'
this
Battel
was
fought
with
much
Fury
on
both
sides
,
yet
the
Dutch
carried
the
Day
by
their
Numbers
:
In
this
Fight
the
English
had
two
Ships
taken
,
one
Burnt
,
and
three
Sunk
;
the
Dutch
(
who
had
no
great
cause
to
boast
)
had
a
Flag-ship
blown
up
,
and
all
the
Mariners
and
Soldiers
therein
Lost
,
but
two
;
and
several
of
their
Ships
very
much
Damaged
.
It
is
said
,
That
upon
this
Defeat
,
Van
Trump
in
a
Triumphant
manner
,
Sailed
through
the
Channel
with
a
Broom
on
his
Main-Top-Mast
,
as
if
he
had
swept
the
Channel
of
all
English
Ships
.
But
it
was
not
long
before
they
were
even
with
him
again
;
for
the
Parliament
having
added
General
Monk
and
General
Dean
to
Admiral
Blake
;
in
February
following
with
60
Men
of
War
,
fell
upon
the
Dutch
who
were
76
Men
of
War
,
and
had
the
Charge
of
300
Merchants
Ships
to
convey
home-wards
,
and
a
furious
Fight
for
three
days
Successively
,
ensued
;
in
which
the
Dutch
lost
eleven
Men
of
War
,
and
30
Merchants
Ships
;
and
no
less
than
1500
Men
kill'd
:
But
of
the
English
,
many
Ships
were
●●atter'd
,
there
was
but
one
Sunk
(
the
Sampson
)
but
the
Captain
and
most
of
the
Men
Sav'd
:
The
number
of
the
English
slain
in
the
Fight
,
were
very
near
as
many
as
those
of
the
Enemy
.
About
this
time
the
Duke
of
Glouoester
was
sent
by
the
Parliament
(
who
had
kept
him
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
ever
since
his
Father
was
Beheaded
)
to
Dunkirk
,
whence
he
was
Conducted
to
the
Princess
of
Orange
his
Sister
at
Breda
;
and
after
he
had
ben
there
a
little
time
,
he
went
to
Paris
to
his
Brother
and
his
Mother
.
On
the
20th
of
April
following
,
General
Cromwel
,
with
M.
G.
Lambert
,
and
M.
G.
Harrison
,
and
some
few
more
of
the
Officers
of
the
Army
,
went
to
Westminster
,
and
entred
the
Parliament-House
while
they
were
sitting
,
and
after
a
short
Speech
made
by
Cromwel
,
declaring
the
Necessity
there
was
for
Dissolving
them
,
he
declared
them
to
be
Dissolved
,
and
required
them
to
Depart
;
but
the
Speaker
was
unwilling
to
leave
the
Chair
,
till
Harrison
took
him
out
by
the
Arm
,
and
Cromwel
commanded
the
Mace
to
be
taken
away
,
and
not
to
be
carried
before
him
any
more
;
and
caused
the
Doors
of
the
Parliament-House
to
be
Locked
,
and
a
good
Guard
to
be
placed
there
,
to
prevent
the
Assembling
of
any
of
the
Members
.
And
then
in
the
room
of
this
Rump-Parliament
thus
Dissolved
,
a
Council
of
State
was
Constituted
,
consisting
of
the
chief
Officers
of
the
Army
,
and
such
of
the
Members
of
the
late
Parliament
as
they
had
a
Kindness
for
;
and
in
this
Council
of
State
the
Supreme
Authority
of
the
Nation
was
said
to
Consist
,
and
Obedience
thereunto
required
,
as
fully
as
to
the
Parliament
,
when
Sitting
,
and
Judges
,
Sheriffs
,
Justices
,
&c.
and
all
other
Civil
Officers
,
to
act
in
their
respective
Offices
as
before
,
till
a
new
Representative
should
be
chosen
.
The
Dutch
thought
this
Change
might
be
to
their
Advantage
;
but
they
found
themselves
mistaken
;
for
the
new
Governours
omitted
nothing
that
might
advance
their
Maritime
Preparations
,
and
fitted
out
the
Fleet
with
great
application
,
and
with
such
Success
,
that
tho'
one
of
the
English
Generals
(
Dean
)
was
slain
in
the
Fight
,
yet
the
Dutch
were
again
Defeated
,
six
of
their
best
Ships
being
Burnt
,
and
two
bl●wn
up
,
and
eleven
Ships
and
two
Hoys
taken
;
and
1350
Prisoners
,
whereof
Six
were
Captains
of
very
good
Note
;
and
of
the
Ships
that
were
taken
,
one
was
a
Vice-admiral
,
and
two
were
Rear-admirals
.
The
English
had
not
one
Ship
lost
or
disabled
;
and
(
except
General
Dean
)
but
one
Captain
slain
.
And
now
a
new
Parliament
was
Summoned
,
chosen
by
Cromwel
out
of
the
Several
Counties
of
England
,
of
the
most
Religious
and
Sanctified
Persons
he
could
Nominate
:
This
was
called
the
Little-Parliament
;
and
indeed
they
did
Little
,
exept
it
were
making
an
Act
against
Tythes
,
and
an
Act
for
Marriages
by
a
Justice
of
Peace
;
and
then
being
weary
of
their
Power
,
they
gave
it
up
to
Oliver
who
had
given
it
to
them
.
And
now
another
sort
of
Government
comes
next
:
For
the
Officers
of
the
Army
had
drawn
up
a
new
System
,
and
presented
it
to
Oliver
,
desiring
him
to
take
the
Government
upon
him
,
under
the
Title
of
Protector
of
the
Common-wealth
of
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
:
He
at
first
made
a
shew
of
refusing
it
,
(
tho'
every
one
believ'd
there
was
nothing
that
he
desir'd
more
)
but
being
further
pressed
to
it
,
he
accepted
of
it
,
and
was
that
afternoon
install'd
at
Westminster
.
Tho'
the
Dutch
had
been
already
severely
beaten
,
and
were
extreamly
Solicitous
for
a
Peace
,
yet
that
they
might
get
the
better
Terms
,
they
resolved
to
try
the
Fortune
of
War
once
more
;
which
yet
prov'd
more
in-auspicious
to
them
than
the
former
,
for
in
the
next
Battel
,
which
was
on
the
29th
of
July
,
1653.
Admiral
Van
Trump
was
Slain
,
and
33
Sail
of
Ships
sunk
to
the
bottom
of
the
Ocean
,
out
of
which
1200
men
were
Sav'd
by
the
English
,
taken
up
out
of
Boats
,
and
swimming
in
the
Sea
.
This
was
so
great
a
Mortification
to
the
Dutch
,
that
the
States
were
afraid
of
a
general
Revolt
:
And
therefore
they
forthwith
apply'd
themselves
to
Oliver
for
a
Peace
,
which
in
the
Infancy
of
his
new
Government
,
he
was
willing
to
Grant
upon
reasonable
Terms
;
tho'
they
were
reduc'd
to
so
low
a
Condition
that
he
might
have
made
what
Terms
he
pleas'd
.
The
Success
the
English
had
against
the
Dutch
,
made
other
Nations
fear
Cromwel
.
The
Spanish
Ambassador
coming
early
to
Congratulate
his
Authority
,
and
the
Portugals
came
in
a
Splendid
Embassy
to
sue
for
Peace
:
Nor
were
the
French
backward
to
own
his
Power
.
So
that
he
had
now
no
apprehension
of
Trouble
,
but
only
from
the
Royalists
;
to
suppress
whom
,
a
Plot
was
soon
after
found
out
of
several
Persons
for
an
intended
Assassination
of
the
Protector
,
and
several
Persons
Executed
for
it
.
The
King
about
this
time
went
into
Germany
,
and
Solicited
several
of
the
Princes
there
for
assistance
,
but
with
little
Success
.
Ireland
being
wholly
reduc'd
to
Obedience
,
the
Marquess
of
Ormond
,
and
the
Lord
Inchiqueen
having
timely
withdrawn
themselves
and
Embarqued
for
France
,
an
Itinerant
High
Court
of
Justice
was
set
up
,
and
several
of
the
chief
Rebels
that
began
the
Massacre
in
Forty-One
,
were
Try'd
and
Executed
for
the
same
,
among
which
,
that
notorious
Villain
Sir
Philem
O
Neal
,
was
Hang'd
and
Quarter'd
,
and
his
Head
plac'd
upon
Dublin-bridge
.
Some
attempts
for
a
rising
having
been
made
by
several
of
the
Nobility
of
Scotland
,
they
were
utterly
Defeated
by
General
Monk
,
who
was
made
Commander
in
chief
of
that
Kingdom
.
And
now
the
Protector
having
(
according
to
the
Articles
of
Government
)
called
a
Parliament
,
who
beginning
to
Question
the
Power
by
which
they
were
called
,
they
were
soon
dissolved
again
,
and
several
of
the
Royalists
taken
up
about
a
new
Conspiracy
.
The
Protector
about
this
time
having
a
mind
to
some
of
the
Spaniards
Indian-Gold
,
sent
a
Fleet
and
Army
to
surprize
Hispaniola
,
in
the
West-Indies
,
but
sailing
in
that
attempt
by
the
ill
Conduct
of
General
Venablers
,
they
went
from
thence
to
the
Island
of
Jamaica
,
which
they
took
,
and
which
has
continued
ever
since
in
the
Power
of
the
English
,
being
now
a
very
rich
and
flourishing
Plantation
.
And
General
Blake
being
with
his
Fleet
in
the
Streights
,
and
coming
before
Tunis
,
and
sending
to
the
Governour
to
demand
Satisfaction
for
the
Wrongs
done
by
their
People
to
the
English
,
and
that
the
English
Captives
there
might
be
deliver'd
to
him
,
had
return'd
for
answer
,
That
their
Castles
of
Guletto
and
Porta
Ferina
were
both
well
Mann'd
and
furnished
with
Ordnance
,
and
therefore
they
did
not
fear
him
:
Whereupon
Blake
with
his
great
Ships
,
and
their
Seconds
,
came
into
the
Bay
of
Porta
Ferina
,
within
Musquet-shot
of
the
Castle
,
and
fired
with
such
fury
upon
them
,
notwithstanding
the
frequent
Discharges
of
sixty
Great
Guns
upon
his
Ships
,
that
in
two
Hours
the
Castle
was
made
Defenceless
,
and
all
their
Guns
dismounted
;
at
the
same
time
Burning
Nine
of
their
Ships
which
he
found
in
the
Road.
This
Noble
Action
strook
such
a
Terror
not
only
upon
Tunis
,
(
who
were
willing
then
to
Submit
to
Blakes
Proposals
)
but
also
upon
Algeirs
and
Tri●ol●
,
that
they
quickly
came
to
a
Treaty
,
and
a
Peace
was
made
very
much
to
the
Advantage
of
the
English
.
About
this
time
there
having
been
an
horrible
Massacre
made
upon
the
Poor
Protestants
of
Piedmont
,
by
the
Command
of
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
〈◊〉
the
instigation
of
the
Popish
Priests
and
Jesuits
;
the
Protector
espous'd
their
Quarrel
,
and
not
only
sent
to
the
Duke
on
their
behalf
,
causing
his
Edict
against
them
to
be
recall'd
,
but
likewise
caus'd
a
solemn
Day
of
Humiliation
to
be
kept
,
and
vast
Sums
of
Money
Collected
throughout
all
England
for
their
Relief
,
and
sent
it
(
or
at
least
part
of
it
)
by
Sir
Samuel
Moreland
to
them
;
which
made
Oliver
be
look'd
upon
abroad
as
the
great
Patron
of
the
Reformed
Religion
.
Upon
the
War
made
with
Spain
,
by
the
attempt
upon
H●spaniola
and
Jamaica
,
before-mentioned
,
a
Peace
ensued
with
France
;
by
which
(
among
other
Articles
,
the
King
and
his
Royal
Brothers
were
excluded
that
Kingdom
.
)
After
which
,
Rear-Admiral
Stayner
with
a
part
of
the
English
Fleet
,
set
upon
eight
Spanish
Ships
within
four
Leagues
of
the
Bay
of
Cadiz
,
the
Admirals
Ship
,
in
which
was
General
Don
Marco
del
Porto
with
600000
pieces
o●
Eight
,
ran
ashore
in
the
Bay
,
the
Vice-Admiral
Commanded
by
Don
Francisco
de
Esquevel
,
and
having
in
he●
1200000
pieces
of
Eight
was
taken
,
as
was
also
another
Ship
Commanded
by
Don
Rodiques
Calderon
;
both
the●
were
set
on
Fire
,
one
by
the
Spaniards
themselves
,
to
prevent
their
being
made
Prisoners
,
and
the
other
by
accident
▪
Two
other
very
rich
Ships
were
taken
and
kept
;
and
sever●
of
the
Spanish
Nobles
being
taken
,
were
brought
up
t●
London
;
but
Oliver
being
satisfied
with
the
Treasure
tak●
in
the
Ships
,
dealt
very
Generously
with
the
Spanish
Noble●
and
after
a
small
time
of
detaining
them
here
,
sent
the●●
home
without
Ransom
.
The
next
Year
General
Bla●●
lying
with
some
Ships
near
Cadiz
,
to
watch
for
they
turn
of
the
Spanish
Plate-Fleet
,
had
intelligence
that
they
were
put
into
the
Bay
of
Santa-Cruz
,
and
sailing
thither
,
he
discern'd
the
Spanish
Fleet
,
to
the
number
of
sixteen
,
barricado'd
in
the
Bay
;
but
this
did
not
hinder
Blake
,
but
that
the
next
Morning
he
sailed
into
the
Bay
,
and
whilst
some
of
his
Ships
pour'd
their
Broad-sides
into
the
Castles
and
Forts
,
he
and
Stayner
fought
the
Spanish
Fleet
,
and
obtained
an
intire
Victory
;
but
perceiving
he
could
not
bring
away
the
Spoil
,
set
them
all
on
Fire
,
but
one
that
was
Sunk
.
But
that
which
is
most
wonderful
in
this
Noble
Action
was
,
That
the
Wind
which
blew
strong
into
the
Bay
,
after
the
Fight
was
over
veer'd
suddenly
about
to
the
West
,
and
brought
out
all
our
Ships
safe
to
Se●
.
This
News
was
so
grateful
to
Oliver
,
that
he
sent
Blake
a
Jewel
of
500
l.
with
Gratuities
to
the
rest
of
the
Officers
.
After
this
Cromwel
called
another
Parliament
,
which
would
fain
have
had
him
taken
the
Title
of
King
upon
him
;
but
he
declining
it
,
he
was
by
the
Parliament
solemnly
invested
in
th
Protectorial
Dignity
in
Westminster-Hall
.
But
the
Royalists
yet
gave
him
some
farther
Disturbance
by
their
Endeavours
to
restore
the
King
;
tho'
they
were
unhappily
betray'd
,
and
several
of
them
Executed
,
among
whom
were
Sir
Henry
Slingsby
,
and
Dr.
Hewet
,
with
several
others
of
less
Note
.
In
pursuance
of
the
Peace
formerly
concluded
with
France
,
the
English
and
French
Forces
laid
Siege
to
Dunkirk
,
which
the
Spaniards
endeavouring
to
relieve
,
were
totally
routed
,
and
Dunkirk
soon
after
taken
,
and
put
into
the
possession
of
the
English
.
And
now
on
the
fatal
third
of
September
,
in
the
Year
1658.
Oliver
Cromwel
Dyed
,
in
the
Sixty-third
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
Fifth
of
his
Protector-ship
:
He
was
Born
in
Huntington
,
and
was
the
Son
of
a
second
Brother
of
Sir
Oliver
Cromwel
,
of
Huntington-shire
;
his
Mother
was
the
Daughter
of
Sir
Richard
Stewart
of
the
Isle
of
Ely
;
and
his
Wife
was
Elizabeth
the
Daughter
of
Sir
James
Bourchier
:
By
whom
he
had
Issue
three
Sons
,
of
which
one
Died
●oung
,
and
four
Daughters
.
By
his
Reputation
in
Arms
,
he
was
Courted
or
Feared
by
most
of
the
Princes
of
Europe
;
he
was
a
Man
of
singular
Courage
and
Resolution
,
attended
with
very
great
Success
;
and
kept
his
Army
under
him
in
so
exact
and
strict
a
Discipline
,
that
they
seem'd
rather
a
Body
of
well-govern'd
Citizens
,
than
an
Army
of
Soldiers
:
Swearing
,
Drunkenness
,
and
Profaneness
,
the
common
Vices
of
other
Camps
,
were
not
to
be
found
in
his
.
His
desire
of
Glory
excited
him
to
make
attempts
in
other
Countries
,
by
which
a
great
Renown
accrued
to
our
Nation
in
all
parts
of
the
World
.
In
short
,
had
he
not
been
a
Vsurper
,
he
might
have
been
compar'd
with
the
best
of
our
Princes
:
but
his
Usurpation
,
and
the
indirect
means
he
used
to
obtain
his
Power
,
spoil'd
all
his
Good
Qualities
.
After
his
Death
,
his
Son
Richard
was
Proclaimed
Protector
,
but
he
enjoy'd
his
Power
but
a
short
time
,
the
Army
calling
again
the
Rump
Parliament
,
which
strait-way
put
an
end
to
his
Protector-ship
;
and
now
the
Stone
began
to
rowl
,
it
stayed
not
there
,
for
Sir
George
●oth
having
raised
some
Forces
for
the
King
in
Cheshire
,
and
being
subdued
by
Lambert
,
Lambert
turned
the
Rump
out
again
,
and
set
up
a
Committee
of
Safety
in
Order
to
the
setting
up
himself
;
to
prevent
which
,
General
Monk
in
Scotland
declares
for
the
Rump
,
and
comes
with
his
Army
into
England
to
restore
them
;
and
having
effected
that
,
brought
in
again
those
Members
that
had
been
Secluded
by
the
Army
before
the
Tryal
of
the
late
King
:
These
Members
being
restored
,
issued
out
Writs
for
the
Calling
of
a
New
Parliament
,
to
meet
the
25th
of
April
following
,
and
so
dissolved
themselves
.
The
King
,
who
had
Notice
of
all
these
Proceedings
,
with
drew
himself
out
of
the
Spanish
Territories
,
and
went
to
Breda
,
from
whence
(
at
the
opening
of
Parliament
)
he
sent
over
a
Declaration
,
promising
Liberty
of
Conscience
,
Pardon
to
all
Offenders
,
and
Satisfaction
to
all
Interests
.
Upon
the
reading
whereof
,
the
Parliament
unanimously
Voted
,
That
a
Message
be
sent
to
his
Majesty
,
to
thank
him
for
his
Gacious
Declaration
,
and
to
desire
him
to
return
to
his
Kingdom
;
which
he
did
upon
the
29th
of
May
following
,
being
received
with
the
Universal
Joy
and
Acclamations
of
his
People
.
Soon
after
which
,
several
of
those
that
had
sate
in
the
High
Court
of
Justice
for
the
Tryal
of
his
Father
,
were
themselves
Tryed
and
Executed
:
Of
which
Number
were
Thomas
Harrison
,
Hugh
Peters
,
Daniel
Axtell
,
John
Cook
,
Thomas
Scot
,
Gregory
Clemont
,
John
Jones
,
John
Carew
,
and
Adrian
Scroop
,
who
Suffered
,
some
at
Charing-Cross
,
and
some
at
Tyburn
.
The
Bishops
were
also
now
restored
to
their
Diocesses
,
and
the
Common-Prayer
Ordered
again
to
be
Read
in
Churches
.
But
now
an
over-cast
of
Sorrow
happened
;
for
the
Virtuous
Princess
,
Mary
,
Princess
of
Orange
,
coming
over
to
see
her
Brother
now
settled
in
his
Throne
,
fell
Sick
of
the
Small-Pox
and
Dyed
.
And
in
January
after
the
King's
Return
,
one
Venner
a
Wine-Cooper
,
with
divers
other
Desperate
Persons
,
fell
upon
the
City
of
London
,
being
opposed
,
many
on
both
sides
were
Slain
,
and
the
rest
being
taken
or
dispersed
,
Venner
,
with
eleven
more
,
were
Tryed
,
Condemned
,
and
Executed
in
divers
places
of
the
City
.
And
on
the
30th
of
January
,
the
Carcasses
of
Cromwel
,
Bradshaw
,
and
Ireton
,
were
taken
out
of
their
Graves
,
conveyed
to
Tyburn
,
and
Hanged
up
for
several
Hours
,
then
their
Bodies
buried
under
the
Gallows
,
and
their
Heads
set
on
Westminster-Hall
.
And
soon
after
the
Duke
of
Gloucester
,
the
King
's
youngest
Brother
,
a
Prince
of
great
Hopes
,
and
a
firm
Protestant
,
Dyed
;
and
on
the
23d
.
of
April
1661
,
being
St.
George's
Day
,
the
King
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
with
much
Solemnity
and
Splendor
,
having
the
Day
before
made
a
magnificent
Cavalcade
from
the
Tower
of
London
to
White-Hall
.
The
Army
hereupon
was
Disbanded
,
and
the
Parliament
in
Ireland
Dissolved
,
every
thing
appearing
in
a
tendency
to
a
lasting
Settlement
,
by
a
good
Understanding
between
Prince
and
People
:
For
the
Parliament
that
had
been
Assembled
,
being
Dissolved
,
and
another
called
,
the
Peers
were
restored
to
their
Antient
Priviledges
,
and
the
Militia
declared
to
be
Vested
in
the
King
as
his
right
.
The
like
was
also
declared
by
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
,
who
resigned
the
solemn
League
and
Covenant
,
and
passed
an
Act
for
the
Attainder
of
the
Marquess
of
Argyle
,
upon
divers
Crimes
laid
to
his
Charge
,
whereupon
being
brought
to
his
Tryal
and
Condemned
,
he
lost
his
Head
,
much
Lamented
by
the
greater
part
of
that
Kingdom
.
About
this
time
a
Convocation
in
England
was
assembled
to
adjust
and
settle
matters
of
Religion
;
and
soon
after
the
solemn
League
and
Covenant
,
which
the
KING
had
taken
in
Scotland
,
was
burnt
by
the
common
Hang-man
in
London
and
Westminster
,
and
then
all
over
the
Nation
;
and
a
pretended
Act
for
the
Tryal
of
King
Charles
the
first
;
used
in
the
same
manner
in
Westminster-Hall
.
The
French
and
Spanish
Ambassadors
being
at
Court
,
upon
Notice
of
the
arrival
of
the
Broh
Ambassador
,
extraordinary
from
Sweeden
with
their
Coaches
went
to
receive
him
at
his
publick
Entry
on
Tower-hill
,
and
contending
for
precedency
,
a
sharp
Encounter
happened
;
some
were
killed
and
divers
Wounded
;
The
Spaniard
obtaining
the
better
,
by
the
help
of
some
English
,
who
for
good
Rewards
(
tho'
the
King
expresly
by
his
Proclamation
forbid
any
of
his
Subjects
to
intermeddle
)
dressed
themselves
in
Spanish
Habits
;
which
Encounter
,
had
not
the
King
interceeded
as
Mediator
,
had
at
that
time
in
all
Likelihood
created
a
War
between
the
two
Nations
,
as
being
highly
Resented
at
either
Court.
James
,
Duke
of
Ormond
,
being
made
Lord
Lieutenant
of
Ireland
,
and
another
Parliament
called
there
,
that
long
harassed
Kingdom
,
was
brought
to
a
good
Settlement
.
And
now
a
Match
being
Negotiated
in
the
Court
of
Portugal
between
the
King
and
Donna
Catharina
,
Infanta
of
that
Kingdom
,
her
Dowry
was
settled
,
and
in
Lieu
thereof
,
the
English
had
Tangier
,
which
became
afterwards
a
great
Charge
to
the
Nation
,
without
any
Profit
:
So
that
the
Earl
of
Peterborough
having
taken
Possession
of
that
place
on
the
Continent
of
Africa
for
the
King
,
the
Lady
came
over
Royally
attended
,
and
the
King
going
to
Portsmouth
,
was
there
Married
to
her
with
much
Pomp
by
the
Bishop
of
London
;
and
afterwards
came
to
White-Hall
,
and
was
Joyfully
received
.
Sir
Henry
Vane
,
and
John
Lambert
being
Tryed
and
found
Guilty
of
Treason
,
for
things
done
before
the
Restoration
,
being
excepted
out
of
the
Act
of
Indemnity
,
the
former
was
Beheaded
,
but
the
latter
Reprieved
,
and
kept
in
Prison
till
he
Died
:
and
Archibald
Johnson
,
Lord
Warrestone
being
taken
beyond
the
Sea
,
and
brought
over
,
was
Sentenced
as
a
Traytor
by
the
Parliament
of
Scotland
,
and
Executed
on
a
Gibbit
at
Edenborough
22
Foot
high
.
A
Conspiracy
being
timely
Discovered
in
Ireland
,
divers
were
Imprisoned
,
and
some
Executed
,
which
altogether
dashed
their
further
Intentions
and
kept
the
Kingdom
in
Quiet
a
considerable
time
.
And
in
the
North
of
England
,
another
much
about
the
same
time
being
discovered
,
one
Gibbons
,
and
Baker
were
Tryed
,
found
Guilty
,
and
Executed
,
whereupon
the
rest
Dispersed
.
The
Commons
in
Parliament
having
Voted
the
King
a
Supply
of
2500000
l
,
great
Naval
Preparations
were
made
,
which
caused
our
Neighbours
the
Dutch
to
fear
a
Storm
,
and
therefore
they
thought
it
convenient
to
provide
for
their
Safety
;
and
indeed
,
a
Misunderstanding
happening
between
both
Nations
,
an
Order
of
Council
was
made
,
giving
Letters
of
Reprisal
against
them
,
and
about
112
Sail
were
taken
by
our
Frigats
,
Men
of
War
,
&c.
most
of
them
being
adjudged
Lawful
Prizes
;
and
hereupon
the
King
set
out
his
Declaration
,
touching
his
Proceedings
for
Reparation
from
the
Subjects
of
the
States
:
Whilst
these
things
were
doing
,
a
Dutchman
,
under
the
Disguise
of
a
Sweed
,
coming
from
Guinea
,
publickly
reported
De
Ruytter
the
Dutch
Commander
,
had
Destroyed
all
the
English
in
the
Factories
on
that
Coast
,
which
for
a
time
caused
much
Consternation
among
the
Merchants
trading
thither
,
but
it
proving
False
,
he
was
Sentenced
and
Whipt
through
London
.
However
,
the
Parliament
being
Prorogued
,
War
was
Proclaimed
on
the
2d
of
March
1664
,
and
a
General
Fast
succeeded
,
for
a
Blessing
on
the
King's
Forces
to
be
employed
against
them
;
and
De
Ruyter
attempting
with
his
Fleet
to
Plunder
the
English
Plantation
of
Barbadoes
in
the
West-Indies
,
was
beaten
off
;
but
whilst
many
Encounters
happened
at
Sea
,
a
worse
Calamity
befell
at
Land
;
for
by
reason
of
the
great
Heat
in
the
Spring
,
and
but
little
cool
breathing
Winds
to
purge
and
purify
the
Air
,
about
the
beginning
of
May
,
1665
,
a
Plague
began
fearfully
to
Rage
,
so
that
in
London
that
Year
97306
Persons
of
all
Degrees
dyed
;
and
of
these
were
accounted
68596
,
of
the
Plague
.
However
the
War
was
carryed
on
with
great
Vigour
,
and
on
the
3d
of
June
,
the
Duke
of
York
being
Admiral
of
the
English
Navy
,
the
two
Fleets
engaged
,
and
after
a
long
and
obstinate
Fight
which
continued
many
Hours
,
bloody
and
doubtful
,
the
Dutch
gave
way
,
and
such
as
got
off
stood
to
their
own
Coast
:
The
English
having
taken
,
burnt
,
sunk
,
and
shattered
about
thirty
of
their
Ships
,
and
slain
and
taken
Prisoners
about
8000
;
tho'
not
without
Loss
considerable
on
our
own
part
,
which
was
chiefly
occasioned
by
most
of
the
great
Ships
crouding
about
the
Admiral
,
to
screen
him
from
the
Fury
of
the
Enemy
,
and
prevent
his
being
laid
on
Board
by
Fire-ships
:
Those
English
of
Note
who
lost
their
Lives
in
this
Engagement
were
the
Earls
of
Falmouth
,
Portland
,
Marlborough
,
and
the
Lord
Muskery
,
Sir
John
Lawson
dyed
of
his
Wounds
soon
after
,
and
2063
Dutch
Prisoners
were
brought
to
Colchester
,
whereof
13
were
Commanders
.
Hereupon
a
publick
Thanksgiving
was
performed
for
this
Victory
:
the
King
likewise
Conferred
the
Honour
of
Knighthood
on
such
Sea-Commanders
as
had
eminently
Signalized
their
Courage
and
Conduct
in
the
Action
.
The
Plague
still
continuing
to
Rage
,
a
Fast
was
Proclaimed
solemnly
to
be
held
every
first
Wednesday
in
the
Month
▪
till
it
should
cease
;
and
Fires
were
continued
in
the
Streets
of
London
and
Westminster
for
three
Days
and
Nights
,
to
purify
the
Air
;
whilst
the
King
&c
made
his
progress
through
the
greater
part
of
England
,
the
two
Houses
of
Parliament
attending
him
at
Christ-Church
in
Oxford
;
and
upon
his
laying
before
them
them
the
necessity
of
a
supply
to
maintaine
the
charges
of
the
War
,
the
Commons
Voted
him
1250000
l.
And
Michaelmas
Term
by
Proclamation
was
Adjournd
from
Westminster
to
that
City
:
But
the
Plague
abating
,
the
Parliament
and
Courts
of
Judicature
returned
to
Westminster
,
as
did
the
King
and
Queen
.
The
French
King
envying
the
growing
greatness
of
the
English
,
more
than
any
love
he
had
for
the
Dutch
[
as
it
afterward
plainly
appeared
]
Joyned
with
them
and
was
soon
answered
in
the
same
Language
at
the
Instigation
of
others
.
The
Fleets
being
abroad
,
Prince
Rupert
,
and
the
Duke
of
Albermarle
,
then
Joynt-Admirals
of
the
English
,
the
latter
with
a
Squadron
of
fifty
Ships
,
the
former
being
to
the
Westward
with
the
rest
,
engaged
80
of
the
Dutch
on
the
Coast
of
Flanders
,
and
maintained
the
Fight
two
Days
;
when
on
the
third
,
Prince
Rupert
coming
in
,
the
Fight
continued
very
Bloody
,
till
the
Evening
,
with
much
Loss
on
both
sides
;
and
then
the
Dutch
stood
away
to
their
own
Coast
.
In
this
Fight
the
Royal
Prince
was
stranded
on
the
Galloper
,
and
burnt
by
the
Dutch
:
Sir
George
Ascough
,
who
Commanded
her
,
being
taken
Prisoner
and
carryed
into
Holland
.
About
six
or
seven
Weeks
after
,
there
happened
another
Sea-Fight
,
and
the
English
chased
the
Dutch
to
their
own
Coasts
,
and
on
the
7th
of
August
,
Sir
Robert
Holms
burnt
divers
Dutch
Merchants
Ships
in
the
Fly
,
and
the
Town
of
Baudaris
upon
the
Island
of
Scheling
,
and
four
French
Men
of
War
falling
in
with
our
Fleet
,
mistaking
it
in
Foggy-weather
for
the
Dutch
,
one
of
them
of
54
Guns
was
taken
.
On
the
Second
of
September
,
1666
,
being
Sunday
,
began
the
dreadful
Fire
of
London
,
at
one
Faringdons
,
a
Baker's
House
in
Pudding-Lane
,
the
back-side
of
Fish-street-hill
:
It
continued
Burning
until
Wednesday
Night
following
,
and
that
time
destroyed
the
greatest
part
of
the
City
.
But
the
best
Account
of
it
being
Engraven
on
the
North-side
of
the
Monument
Erected
in
the
perpetual
Remembrance
thereof
,
take
as
followeth
;
In
the
Year
of
Christ
1666
,
the
second
Day
of
September
,
Eastward
from
hence
,
at
the
Distance
of
Two
hundred
and
two
foot
(
the
heighth
of
this
Column
)
a
terrible
Fire
broke
out
about
Midnight
;
which
driven
on
by
a
high
Wind
,
not
only
wasted
the
adjacent
Parts
,
but
also
very
remote
Places
,
with
incredible
noise
and
fury
.
It
consumed
eighty
nine
Churches
,
the
City-Gates
,
Guildhall
,
many
publick
Structures
,
Hospitals
,
Schools
,
Libraries
,
a
vast
Number
of
stately
Edifices
,
Thirteen
thousand
two
hundred
Dwelling-houses
,
four
hundred
Streets
.
Of
the
six
and
twenty
Wards
it
utterly
destroy'd
fifteen
,
and
left
eight
other
shattered
and
half
burnt
.
The
Ruins
of
the
City
were
four
hundred
thirty
six
Acres
,
from
the
Tower
by
the
Thames
side
to
the
Temple-Church
,
and
the
North-East
Gate
along
the
City-Wall
to
Holbourn-Bridge
.
To
the
Estates
and
Fortunes
of
the
Citizens
it
was
merciless
,
but
to
their
Lives
very
favourable
,
that
it
might
in
all
things
resemble
the
last
Conflagration
of
the
World
.
The
Destruction
was
sudden
,
for
in
a
small
space
of
time
the
same
City
was
seen
most
flourishing
,
and
reduced
to
nothing
.
Three
days
after
,
when
this
fatal
Fire
had
baffled
all
humane
Counsels
and
Indeavours
in
the
Opinion
of
all
,
it
stopt
as
it
were
by
a
Command
from
Heaven
,
and
was
on
every
side
extinguished
.
This
Dreadful
Fire
was
both
begun
and
carried
on
by
Papists
,
as
appeared
by
Hubert's
own
Confession
,
who
was
Executed
at
Tyburn
for
the
same
;
and
also
by
several
Depositions
given
in
to
the
Parliament
:
Whereupon
the
following
Inscription
was
Engraven
round
about
the
Pedestal
of
the
Monument
,
viz.
depiction of a pillar
Which
Inscription
being
Razed
out
in
K.
James's
Reign
,
was
set
up
again
since
the
late
Revolution
.
And
now
large
Supplies
were
Voted
the
King
by
the
Parliament
,
and
War
declared
against
Denmark
,
and
a
ship
of
52
Guns
belonging
to
that
Crown
,
taken
on
the
Coast
of
Scotland
,
whilst
Capt.
Robinson
took
and
destroyed
three
Dutch
Men
of
War
near
the
Tex●l
.
A
Rebellion
breaking
out
in
Scotland
,
Forces
were
sent
thither
,
which
put
1500
of
the
Rebels
to
Rout
,
and
some
of
the
Ring-Leaders
being
taken
were
Executed
,
which
put
an
end
to
that
Disturbance
;
and
an
Act
passed
for
the
speedy
Re-building
the
City
of
London
.
The
Dutch
attempting
Burnt-Island
in
Scotland
were
beaten
off
,
but
their
whole
Fleet
coming
to
an
Anchor
in
the
Gun-fleet
,
and
finding
us
altogether
unprepared
,
several
of
their
Frigats
entered
Chatham
,
and
the
Thames
River
,
and
burnt
several
Ships
,
tho'
with
the
Loss
of
two
of
their
own
:
But
Sir
John
Harman
with
16
Sail
engaged
30
French
Men
of
War
near
Martinego
,
and
burnt
and
Sunk
the
greater
part
of
them
.
Whereupon
at
a
Treaty
held
at
Breda
,
all
sides
grown
weary
of
War
,
a
Peace
was
Concluded
with
France
,
Denmark
,
and
the
States
General
,
which
was
Solemnly
Proclaimed
,
and
soon
after
with
Spain
And
upon
the
Address
of
the
Commons
,
the
Laws
were
put
in
Execution
against
Recusants
,
and
Assemblies
of
Nonconformists
,
with
much
Heats
for
a
considerable
time
.
In
the
beginning
of
1668
,
Great
Tumults
happened
in
the
Suburbs
of
London
,
by
an
Insurrection
of
Apprentices
,
and
ill
Persons
joyning
with
them
,
so
that
much
mischief
was
done
under
pretence
of
pulling
down
Bawdy-H●●ses
,
upon
which
eight
were
Condemned
for
High-Treason
and
four
of
them
Executed
.
The
Duke
of
Albemar●●
dying
,
the
King
undertook
the
Charge
of
his
Funeral
which
was
very
Magnificent
,
being
Interred
in
Westminster-Abbey
.
And
the
same
Year
Dyed
Mary
,
the
Quee●
Mo●●er
of
England
,
at
Columb●
in
France
;
and
〈◊〉
Dutchess
of
Orleance
,
the
King's
Sister
,
coming
over
to
V●sit
him
,
after
a
short
stay
,
she
upon
her
Return
dyed
at
S●
Cl●●s
in
●rance
.
There
being
now
Peace
near
Home
,
the
King
resolve
to
Chastize
the
Algerines
for
their
Insolency
,
and
in
O●der
to
it
sent
Sir
Thomas
Allen
with
a
strong
Squadron
of
Men
of
War
,
who
took
and
sunk
divers
of
their
Ships
,
and
compelled
them
to
renew
the
Peace
they
had
lately
broken
,
and
to
deliver
up
a
great
Number
of
the
English
Captives
.
And
much
about
the
same
time
Coll.
Blood
,
with
other
Accomplices
Gagg'd
the
Keeper
of
the
Jewel-House
in
the
Tower
,
took
away
the
Crown
,
and
had
carried
it
off
,
had
not
speedy
pursuit
been
made
;
and
being
Imprisoned
for
this
,
whilst
the
People
were
expecting
what
Punishment
would
be
inflicted
on
him
for
so
unpresidented
a
Crime
,
the
King
freely
pardoned
him
.
And
now
Orders
were
given
out
,
upon
view
,
for
the
Repairing
and
better
Fortifying
all
the
Sea-ports
;
for
the
King
very
much
resenting
some
new
Affronts
put
upon
him
by
the
States-General
of
the
United
Netherlands
,
a
second
War
began
to
Threaten
;
but
Money
being
wanting
,
which
is
the
main
Engine
and
Sinews
of
War
,
the
Exchequer
was
shut
up
,
which
caused
a
general
Murmurring
,
and
much
Loss
to
many
People
.
To
palliate
this
,
the
King
declared
,
That
nothing
could
have
moved
him
to
it
,
but
only
the
looking
upon
his
Government
under
the
Threatning
of
the
States-General
and
other
Neighbouring
Princes
,
without
his
appearing
in
the
same
Posture
;
but
seeing
the
Necessity
was
inevitable
,
It
was
needful
that
some
extraordinary
Course
should
be
taken
till
Money
could
be
otherways
procured
.
After
this
,
the
King
published
a
Declaration
of
Indulgence
,
to
such
as
Dissented
from
the
Established
Religion
.
And
now
the
War
being
fully
resolved
on
,
Sir
Robert
Holms
,
who
was
cruising
with
five
Frigats
,
about
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
fell
in
with
the
Dutch
Smyrna-Fleet
,
and
other
Ships
coming
from
the
Streights
under
the
Convoy
of
six
Men
of
War
,
between
whom
there
happened
a
smart
Engagement
,
upon
their
refusing
to
strike
and
lower
their
Flags
,
which
continued
till
Night
,
and
〈◊〉
the
next
Morning
renewed
,
and
five
rich
Dutch
Merchant-men
were
taken
,
and
their
Rear-Admiral
(
for
want
of
more
Assistance
)
sunk
;
and
the
rest
got
home
.
This
first
blow
given
,
War
was
Declared
,
the
French
King
joyning
with
us
in
it
,
being
Obliged
by
the
Treaty
to
send
a
Squadron
of
his
best
Ships
,
which
was
Commanded
by
the
Count
d'
Estree●
as
were
the
English
by
the
Duke
of
York
;
and
standing
over
to
the
Coast
of
Holland
,
a
fierce
Engagement
soon
happened
,
with
much
Effusion
of
Blood
on
both
sides
;
for
either
part
being
Emulous
of
Honour
,
fought
with
extraordinary
Eagerness
,
till
at
last
the
Dutch
stood
away
to
their
own
Coast
,
and
the
English
after
them
as
near
as
they
could
for
the
Shallows
;
but
under
the
shelter
of
a
Fogg
they
got
into
their
Harbours
.
In
this
Fight
the
English
lost
the
Noble
Earl
of
Sandwich
,
and
the
Royal
James
;
and
long
they
had
not
lain
on
the
Flemish
Coast
,
but
the
Dutch
Recruited
and
came
out
again
;
but
after
two
other
Engagements
,
with
much
Loss
on
either
side
,
a
Peace
was
concluded
;
and
the
King
hereupon
became
Mediator
for
the
like
Accommodation
between
the
Crowns
of
France
and
Spain
,
labouring
by
his
Embassadors
,
to
compose
the
Differences
between
them
,
Commanding
at
the
same
time
his
Subjects
not
to
enter
into
the
Service
of
any
Foreign
Prince
without
his
Leave
.
The
Parliament
now
sitting
,
gave
the
King
584900
l.
for
the
speedy
Building
thirty
Ships
of
War
;
whereupon
he
resolved
to
enter
into
an
Allyance
with
some
Princes
abroad
,
that
they
might
be
able
to
put
a
stop
to
the
Torrent
of
the
French
King's
Conquests
in
Flanders
.
And
to
render
the
Union
stricter
,
he
Married
the
Lady
Mary
,
his
Neice
,
and
eldest
Daughter
to
his
brother
,
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
proceeded
to
raise
Forces
;
so
that
in
a
short
time
he
had
a
considerable
Army
on
Foot
,
and
the
Parliament
promised
,
That
if
the
King
would
enter
into
an
actual
War
with
the
French
King
,
they
would
stand
by
him
with
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
.
So
that
finding
the
French
King
still
went
on
with
his
Conquests
,
King
Charles
delayed
not
to
send
several
Regiments
to
the
Aid
of
th●
Confederates
in
Flanders
,
and
laid
a
Prohibition
on
Fr●●ch
Goods
.
Hereat
the
French
King
being
somewhat
Startled
,
hoping
to
break
the
Measures
of
England
,
made
Proposals
of
Peace
to
the
Dutch
;
and
they
Understanding
that
the
Parliament
had
taken
up
a
Resolution
to
give
no
more
Money
till
Satisfaction
was
first
had
,
and
their
Fears
and
Jealousies
removed
;
and
not
thinking
for
this
Cause
fit
to
rely
on
England
,
since
the
Misunderstandings
rendred
it
no
longer
it self
,
did
clap
up
a
Peace
in
a
very
short
time
;
and
the
rest
of
the
Confederates
followed
their
Example
.
However
,
before
the
Peace
could
be
Ratified
,
the
French
took
several
Towns
,
and
at
last
Besieged
Mons
,
this
made
the
King
Command
the
Duke
of
Monmouth
,
and
Earl
of
Ossory
,
to
joyn
the
English
Forces
under
their
Command
with
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
who
so
bravely
Behaved
themselves
,
that
they
forced
the
Duke
of
Luxemburg's
Camp
,
and
raised
the
Siege
,
with
the
Slaughter
of
some
Thousands
of
French
,
and
had
done
greater
things
if
all
Hostilities
had
not
thereupon
been
stopped
.
Things
being
thus
settled
Abroad
,
greater
Disturbances
threatned
at
Home
;
for
about
this
time
a
wicked
design
was
discovered
to
take
away
the
King's
Life
,
and
involve
the
whole
Nation
in
Blood
and
Ruin
,
which
was
carried
on
for
a
considerable
time
by
the
Papists
.
The
first
Discoverer
was
Titus
Oats
,
but
his
Evidence
was
little
Credited
till
such
time
as
Sir
Edmundbury
Godfrey
,
who
had
taken
Oats's
Depositions
,
was
found
Murthered
at
Primrose-Hill
with
a
Sword
run
through
his
Body
,
tho'
by
a
visible
Mark
about
his
Neck
,
it
appeared
he
had
been
Strangled
:
So
that
this
giving
a
sufficient
Ground
of
Belief
,
(
Oats's
Evidence
being
also
further
Corroborated
,
by
Letters
found
in
the
Custody
of
Edw.
Coleman
,
Secretary
to
the
Duke
of
York
)
the
Parliament
proceeded
strictly
to
Enquire
into
the
matter
;
so
that
the
Commons
often
sat
from
Morning
till
Night
,
to
Consult
how
to
Prevent
the
Danger
,
and
make
a
thorow
Discovery
;
and
having
Voted
and
entred
into
their
Journal
,
That
it
was
their
Opinions
,
that
there
had
been
and
was
an
Execrable
and
Hellish
Design
carried
on
by
the
Papists
,
for
Assassinating
the
King
,
Subverting
of
the
Government
,
and
Destroying
the
Protestant
Religion
.
A
Proclamation
was
●ssued
out
for
Banishing
Papists
and
reputed
Papists
ten
Miles
from
the
City
of
London
and
Westminster
;
and
all
Roman-Catholicks
were
turned
out
of
the
Guards
,
and
the
Parliament
Addressed
the
King
,
That
the
Duke
of
York
might
be
removed
from
his
Presence
,
and
Counsels
.
But
the
last
was
not
Granted
.
And
now
divers
Persons
being
taken
up
and
Imprisoned
,
on
the
account
of
this
Plot
,
one
Staly
a
Goldsmith's
Son
in
Convent-Garden
,
was
first
Executed
for
saying
,
He
would
kill
the
King
;
then
Edw.
Coleman
,
the
Duke
of
York's
Secretary
;
then
Ireland
,
Pickering
,
Grove
,
Whitebread
,
●enwick
,
Gawen
,
Langhurn
,
and
others
,
as
Concerned
in
the
Plot
;
and
Green
,
Berry
,
and
Hill
being
accused
by
Prance
and
Bedlow
,
for
the
Murther
of
Sir
Edmund-bury
Godfrey
,
were
Tryed
at
the
King's
-
Bench-bar
,
Condemned
and
Executed
.
And
then
the
Commons
called
the
Lord
Treasurer
to
an
Account
,
who
had
been
accused
by
Mr.
Mountague
sometimes
the
King's
Embassador
at
the
French
Court
,
for
holding
a
private
Correspondence
with
France
,
but
he
relying
on
the
King's
Pardon
,
the
Business
●nded
in
a
long
Imprisonment
in
the
Tower
,
after
much
stir
had
been
made
about
it
.
And
the
King
in
Hopes
the
better
to
please
the
Commons
,
and
satisfie
the
Nation
in
General
,
new
modell'd
his
Council
,
making
it
to
consist
of
30
Persons
,
Fifteen
of
them
to
be
Certain
,
and
the
rest
to
be
Elective
at
pleasure
,
ten
out
of
the
Nobility
,
and
five
Commoners
,
besides
a
Lord-President
,
a
Secretary
of
Scotland
,
and
such
of
the
Princes
of
the
Blood-Royal
as
should
be
at
Court
;
with
which
the
next
Day
he
acquainted
the
Parliament
;
and
of
this
Council
the
Earl
of
Shaftsbury
was
made
President
.
But
notwirh●●anding
this
Alteration
in
the
Council
,
it
had
not
the
desired
effect
which
the
King
intended
;
for
the
Parliament
were
still
solicitous
in
searching
to
the
bottom
of
the
Popish
Plot
and
the
more
effectually
to
do
it
,
voted
,
That
the
Duke
of
York's
being
a
Papist
,
and
the
hopes
of
his
coming
as
such
to
the
Crown
,
have
given
the
greatest
countenance
and
encouragement
to
the
designs
of
the
Papists
,
&c.
And
therefore
ordered
a
Bill
of
Exclusion
of
the
Duke
of
York
from
the
Sucession
of
the
Crown
,
to
be
brought
in
.
But
the
King
and
the
Dukes
party
were
for
offering
Expedients
for
securing
the
Protestant
Religion
,
tho'
the
Duke
should
come
a
Papist
to
the
Crown
.
But
this
would
not
content
the
Commons
.
And
there
arising
some
heats
between
the
Lords
and
Commons
about
the
Bishops
Voting
in
Capital
Cases
,
the
King
thinking
he
could
expect
but
little
from
them
,
Prorogued
them
to
a
more
convenient
season
;
but
in
a
little
time
after
dissolved
them
,
and
called
another
,
which
he
hoped
to
find
more
to
his
purpose
.
But
during
the
interval
of
the
Parliament
,
Sir
George
Wakeman
was
tryed
for
the
Popish
Plot
,
and
acquitted
,
before
the
Lord
Chief
Justice
Scroges
,
whose
carriage
was
so
different
in
this
Tryal
from
what
it
had
been
in
those
before
,
that
he
was
shrewdly
suspected
to
have
some
very
feeling
Reasons
for
it
:
For
after
this
Tryal
,
Scrogs
was
more
violent
against
Oats
and
the
Whigs
,
than
he
had
been
before
against
the
Papists
.
And
now
there
was
set
on
foot
a
new
Popish
Plot
to
sham
the
old
one
,
and
put
a
Plot
upon
the
Presbyterians
;
which
was
called
The
Meal-Tub
Plot
;
(
the
Papers
relating
to
it
being
found
under
Madam
Celiers
Meal-tub
)
the
design
whereof
was
,
To
leave
Papers
and
Libels
of
dangerous
things
against
the
Government
in
the
Houses
of
the
most
Eminent
persons
active
in
the
Discovery
of
the
Popish
Plot
,
by
them
called
Presbyterians
,
and
then
to
inform
the
Government
that
such
persons
where
these
papers
were
left
,
were
dangerous
persons
to
the
King
and
Goverment
;
upon
which
their
Houses
being
search'd
,
and
these
papers
found
there
,
it
should
have
been
sufficient
evidence
to
condemn
them
.
The
Tryal
how
this
would
do
,
was
first
made
upon
Colonel
Mansfel
,
a
worthy
Gentelman
,
who
was
Prosecuted
for
it
,
but
the
examination
of
it
being
left
to
Sir
William
Jones
the
Attorney-General
,
his
Report
was
,
That
Mansfel
was
innocent
,
and
Dangerfield
(
at
that
time
the
Papists
Tool
,
and
who
had
left
the
Papers
in
Mansfels
Lodgings
)
was
guilty
:
Upon
which
Dangerfield
was
committed
to
Prison
,
where
he
mad
ae
thorow
discovery
of
this
cursed
intreague
;
and
Sir
Wil.
Jones
was
turn'd
out
of
his
place
,
for
his
honest
Report
.
And
indeed
from
this
time
forward
,
the
Duke
of
York
and
his
Creatures
ruled
all
things
under
the
King
,
so
that
now
the
whole
Design
of
the
Government
seem'd
to
be
to
sham
the
Popish-Plot
,
and
set
up
another
in
it's
room
,
against
all
the
honest
Gentlemen
in
the
Nation
.
For
the
Parliament
having
oppos'd
the
Duke's
Succession
,
his
Design
was
to
destroy
all
those
Gentlemen
that
were
active
against
Popery
,
and
to
bring
Popery
in
,
Per
fas
&
ne
fas
.
And
this
appear'd
plainly
,
not
only
in
Scotland
,
where
the
Duke
reign'd
as
High-Commissioner
,
and
by
whose
Means
the
Earl
of
Argyle
was
Try'd
,
Condemn'd
and
design'd
to
be
Executed
,
had
he
not
Providentially
made
his
Escape
,
but
in
England
also
;
as
appear'd
by
Dangerfield's
Evidence
first
,
and
afterwards
by
Fitz-Harris
his
Plot
:
For
after
several
Prorogations
of
the
Parliament
before
they
sat
,
viz.
from
the
17th
of
October
1679.
to
the
21th
of
October
,
1680
,
they
then
sat
;
but
found
things
had
been
carried
on
so
high
against
the
Interest
of
the
Nation
,
by
a
sort
of
Men
that
were
called
Tories
,
and
that
joyn'd
with
the
Popish
Party
to
stifle
the
Popish-Plot
,
and
in
advancing
Arbitrary
Power
,
declaring
their
Abhorrence
of
Petitioning
the
King
for
the
sitting
of
the
Parliament
,
that
they
resolved
to
make
Examples
of
some
of
them
,
Voting
against
Sir
George
Jefferies
,
Sir
Francis
Withens
,
and
some
others
;
who
were
preferr'd
by
the
Court
,
for
being
against
the
Interest
of
the
People
:
In
this
Parliament
,
after
a
full
Hearing
by
the
House
of
Lords
,
the
Lord
Stafford
,
one
of
the
Popish
Lords
in
the
Tower
,
was
found
Guilty
of
High-Treason
,
Condemn'd
and
Executed
.
But
the
Parliament
being
high
for
the
Bill
of
Exclusion
,
it
having
Passed
the
House
of
Commons
,
the
King
first
P●orogued
,
and
soon
after
Dissolved
them
.
But
presently
issues
out
Writs
for
calling
another
at
Oxford
the
21th
of
March
following
,
which
was
1681.
In
the
mean
time
,
one
Fitz-Harris
an
Irishman
,
speaks
to
Everard
his
Countrey-man
,
and
one
of
the
Discoverers
of
the
Popish-plot
,
to
write
him
a
villanous
Libel
against
the
King
and
the
Duke
;
this
Libel
was
to
be
Printed
,
and
put
into
the
Pockets
of
the
most
Active
Men
in
the
Kingdom
against
Popery
,
both
Lords
and
Commons
;
who
were
thereupon
to
be
taken
up
,
and
Try'd
for
High-Treason
;
Everard
writes
this
Libel
,
and
brings
Fitz-Harris
to
his
Chamber
to
hear
it
Read
;
but
first
Discovers
the
matter
to
Sir
William
Waller
,
and
plants
him
in
his
Closet
,
where
he
might
hear
the
Libel
Read
,
unknown
to
Fitz-Harris
;
after
having
heard
the
Libel
,
Everard
asks
Fitz-Harris
how
he
lik'd
it
,
who
told
him
very
well
.
Upon
this
,
Sir
William
Waller
goes
to
the
King
,
and
discovers
the
whole
matter
to
him
;
the
King
seem'd
to
be
very
well
pleas'd
,
and
orders
Fitz-Harris
to
be
taken
up
and
Committed
to
Prison
,
which
was
accordingly
done
:
Tho'
Sir
William
was
afterwards
told
,
when
he
went
from
the
King
,
that
the
King
was
highly
displeas'd
with
him
for
this
piece
of
Service
,
and
said
he
had
broke
all
his
Measures
.
Fitz-Harris
being
taken
and
Committed
Prisoner
to
Newgate
;
he
was
Examined
by
Sir
Robert
Clayton
,
and
Sheriff
Cornish
,
and
seem'd
willing
to
discover
the
whole
Design
the
next
Day
.
But
the
next
Day
he
was
remov'd
to
the
Tower
,
and
there
kept
a
Close
Prisoner
.
And
now
the
Parliament
met
at
Oxford
,
where
one
of
the
first
things
they
Debated
was
the
Business
of
Fitz-Harris
,
who
was
Impeached
by
the
Commons
;
but
the
Lords
refused
to
joyn
in
the
Impeachment
;
which
the
Commons
look'd
upon
as
a
Denyal
of
Justice
;
and
finding
the
Design
was
to
stifle
Fitz-Harris's
Evidence
,
in
whose
Plot
some
Persons
of
the
highest
Rank
were
Concern'd
,
they
Voted
against
the
Tryal
of
Fitz-Harris
by
any
inferiour
Court
whatsoever
.
This
being
the
Posture
of
Affairs
,
the
King
on
the
28th
of
March
Dissolves
the
Parliament
,
and
immediately
took
Coach
and
went
to
Windsor
,
leaving
both
Houses
in
Amaze
,
and
the
City
of
Oxford
in
great
Confusion
,
as
was
the
whole
Nation
soon
after
upon
the
News
of
it
.
This
Dissolution
was
follow'd
by
a
Declaration
,
as
his
Father
had
done
before
him
.
This
being
done
,
the
Business
was
to
bring
in
a
new
Plot
to
destroy
the
Protestants
,
but
Fitz-Harris
must
first
be
taken
out
of
the
way
,
being
Try'd
before
Pemberton
(
who
was
made
Lord
Chief
Justice
,
as
was
supposed
for
that
Purpose
)
and
soon
after
Executed
at
Tyburn
,
with
Oliver
Plunket
,
the
Titular
Primate
of
Armagh
,
for
the
Popish-Plot
.
About
this
time
the
City
of
London
having
chosen
of
their
Sheriffs
,
Men
of
Integrity
,
to
wit
,
Henry
Cornish
,
and
Slingsby
Bethel
,
Esquires
,
which
was
a
means
of
having
Good
and
Upright
Juries
,
the
Enemies
of
the
Government
could
not
so
well
carry
on
their
Designs
,
which
made
them
uneasie
,
and
resolve
to
have
better
for
their
purpose
next
Year
;
but
were
therein
again
Disappointed
,
for
the
Citizens
chose
Thomas
Pilkington
,
and
Samuel
Shute
Esquires
,
two
very
honest
Gentlemen
;
and
this
was
the
Reason
that
when
they
design'd
to
introduce
their
Protestant
Plot
by
the
Tryal
of
Stephen
Colledge
,
(
a
Joyner
by
Trade
,
but
an
active
Man
in
the
Discovery
of
the
Popish-plot
,
and
therefore
most
commonly
known
by
Name
of
the
Protestant
Joyner
)
they
were
disappointed
by
the
Grand-Jury's
bringing
in
the
Bill
against
him
Ignoramus
,
it
being
only
sworn
to
by
some
Witnesses
of
the
Popish
Plot
in
Ireland
,
who
being
Discountenanced
were
reduc'd
to
extream
Poverty
,
and
now
were
by
the
Tories
hir'd
to
Swear
for
Bread
.
But
the
Popish
Faction
,
resolv'd
to
go
on
with
their
Show
;
and
therefore
Colledge
was
Committed
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
,
and
soon
after
a
Bill
prefer''d
against
him
at
Oxford
,
where
they
had
a
Jury
to
their
Mind
,
who
found
it
Billa
vera
,
whereupon
he
was
had
down
to
Oxford
,
and
Tryed
for
a
Design
to
Seiz
the
King
there
at
the
sitting
of
the
Parliament
;
and
tho'
he
made
an
excellent
Defence
,
notwithstanding
all
the
Foul
play
that
was
offered
him
,
yet
he
was
brought
in
Guilty
,
and
soon
after
Executed
,
declaring
his
Innocency
,
and
that
he
was
the
first
but
should
not
be
the
last
,
that
suffer'd
for
his
Zeal
against
Popery
,
in
which
he
was
a
true
Prophet
.
The
Earl
of
Shaftsbury
was
next
Indicted
of
High-Treason
,
but
the
Evidence
against
him
being
only
some
of
those
Baffled
Witnesses
,
and
other
Profligate
Persons
,
whom
the
Grand-Jury
could
not
believe
,
and
therefore
brought
in
the
Bill
Ignoramus
.
This
was
a
great
Mortification
to
the
Popish
Party
,
who
desir'd
nothing
more
than
to
take
off
this
Noble
Lord
;
and
therefore
finding
the
great
Obstacle
to
their
Designs
were
Juries
,
it
was
resolved
by
the
Faction
to
take
away
the
City
Charter
,
and
thereby
their
Power
of
chusing
Sheriffs
:
And
accordingly
a
Quo
Warranto
was
brought
against
the
Charter
of
London
,
which
was
Prosecuted
with
that
Earnestness
,
that
notwithstanding
the
Learned
Pleading
of
the
City
Council
in
the
behalf
of
the
Charter
,
Judgment
was
given
against
it
,
and
their
Liberties
and
Franchises
seized
into
the
King's
Hand
.
And
the
Mayor
and
Sheriffs
were
appointed
by
the
King
,
and
acted
by
Commission
from
him
,
during
his
Pleasure
.
About
this
time
the
Duke
of
York
going
by
Sea
(
into
Scotland
,
to
fetch
back
his
Dutchess
whom
he
had
left
there
)
in
the
Gloucester
Frigat
,
she
was
unhappily
cast
away
upon
the
Lemon-Sands
,
and
many
Worthy
Gentlemen
were
Lost
in
her
;
but
the
Duke
,
by
the
assistance
of
a
Yacht
come
to
help
them
,
got
off
just
as
the
Ship
was
sinking
,
being
,
reserv'd
by
Divine
Providence
as
a
further
Scourge
to
these
Nations
.
About
this
time
also
two
Famous
Embassadors
came
into
England
from
Princes
never
known
to
have
sent
Embassadors
here
before
,
the
one
from
the
Emperor
of
Fez
and
Morocco
,
whose
Business
was
to
establish
a
Peace
in
relation
to
Tangier
,
and
the
other
was
from
the
King
of
Bantam
in
the
East-Indies
,
who
presented
the
King
with
several
Diamonds
,
and
other
things
of
great
Value
.
And
now
the
World
began
to
see
the
Cause
of
the
City
Charter's
being
taken
away
;
for
the
Duke
of
York
and
his
Party
,
that
now
ruled
all
things
at
their
own
Pleasure
,
were
resolved
to
take
off
all
those
Gentlemen
that
were
most
Zealous
for
the
Protestant
Religion
,
and
that
in
Parliament
had
been
most
forward
for
the
Bill
of
Exclusion
.
And
this
was
to
be
done
by
Pretence
of
a
Plot
to
take
away
the
Life
of
the
King
and
the
Duke
,
and
alter
the
Government
;
and
this
was
pretended
to
be
executed
at
the
Rye-House
in
Hartfor-shire
,
as
the
King
should
come
back
from
New-market
,
and
was
said
to
be
prevented
by
a
Fire
happening
at
New-Market
,
which
caused
the
King
to
come
away
sooner
than
he
intended
,
and
so
before
the
Conspirators
were
ready
.
This
Plot
was
Sworn
by
one
Keeling
,
who
had
been
conversant
among
the
Dissenters
.
For
this
pretended
Plot
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
the
Lord
Russel
,
Lord
Howard
of
Escrick
,
Collonel
Sidney
,
and
Mr.
Hambden
of
Buckingham-shire
,
were
taken
up
;
and
several
others
of
less
Note
,
among
whom
were
Walcot
,
Rouse
,
and
Hone
;
which
were
first
Tryed
and
found
Guilty
;
and
soon
after
Executed
at
Tyburn
;
Walcot
declared
himself
Innocent
of
any
design
against
the
King
,
or
his
knowledge
of
any
Plot
;
some
Words
he
Confessed
had
been
spoken
in
his
Company
by
those
that
were
Witnesses
against
him
,
and
which
he
did
not
discover
;
Praying
God
to
forgive
those
who
had
Causlesly
brought
him
to
that
undeserved
Death
.
Rouse
spake
much
to
the
same
Purpose
,
that
he
had
heard
Words
about
the
Feasibleness
of
seizing
the
Tower
,
but
knew
of
no
such
Design
:
But
these
were
but
Prologues
to
the
more
fatal
Tragedies
that
were
after
to
be
acted
.
For
the
Lord
Russel
was
next
brought
to
his
Tryal
;
where
the
Lord
Howard
of
Escrick
and
Coll.
Rumsey
were
the
principal
Witnesses
against
him
,
the
Lord
Howard
told
a
story
of
a
Counsel
of
Six
for
carrying
on
the
Design
,
consisting
of
himself
,
Coll.
Sidney
,
Mr.
Hambden
,
the
Lord
Russel
,
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
and
the
Duke
of
Monmouth
;
and
Rumsey
gave
an
Account
of
a
Declaration
taken
out
of
Ferguson's
Bosom
,
and
read
at
Shepheards
:
The
Lord
Russel
answer'd
every
Particular
,
and
declared
his
own
Inoocency
;
but
while
he
w●●
at
his
Tryal
,
there
was
News
brought
that
the
Earl
of
Essex
in
the
Tower
,
struck
with
the
Horrour
of
a
Guilty
Conscience
,
had
cut
his
own
Throat
;
and
this
was
improv'd
by
the
King's
Counsel
as
an
Argument
of
the
Lord
Russel's
Guilt
,
(
as
it
is
believ'd
the
Plot
had
been
laid
before-hand
)
and
accordingly
the
Jury
brought
him
in
Guilty
;
and
he
was
thereupon
Condemned
,
and
soon
after
Beheaded
in
Lincolns-Inn-Fields
;
whose
excellent
Speech
and
Behaviour
at
his
Death
,
declaring
his
Innocency
to
the
very
last
,
made
very
few
of
the
Numerous
Spectators
,
(
unless
it
were
those
of
the
Duke
of
York's
Faction
)
go
away
with
dry
Eyes
.
This
Noble
Lord
was
the
eldest
surviving
Son
of
William
Earl
of
Bedford
;
and
was
a
Person
of
great
Honour
and
Integrity
,
and
Zeal
for
the
Protestant
Religion
;
which
(
what
ever
was
pretended
)
was
his
true
Crime
,
he
being
the
Person
that
carried
up
the
Hill
of
Exclusion
to
the
House
of
Lords
;
and
saying
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
when
Popery
began
to
be
Rampant
,
If
I
can't
Live
a
Protestant
,
I
am
resolv'd
to
Dye
one
.
The
Proceedings
against
him
appear'd
so
Unjust
,
and
his
Innocency
so
clear
,
that
the
Parliament
since
this
last
Revolution
took
off
the
Attainder
against
him
;
and
his
present
Majesty
has
,
since
his
coming
in
,
Created
his
Noble
Fath●r
Duke
of
Bedford
,
as
some
Compensation
for
the
loss
of
so
Incomparable
a
Son
,
as
the
very
Words
of
the
Patent
has
it
.
Having
told
you
how
the
News
of
the
Earl
of
Essex's
having
cut
his
Throat
in
the
Tower
,
it
will
be
convenient
to
give
some
Brief
Account
of
it
.
That
Noble
Lord
was
taken
out
of
his
own
House
at
Caisho-Berry
near
Watford
,
and
Committed
to
the
Tower
upon
this
Plot
,
where
he
sent
for
his
own
Servants
to
attend
him
,
and
his
own
Cook
to
dress
his
Meat
(
being
Jealous
perhaps
of
Sir
Tho.
Overburies
Fate
)
and
also
sent
for
his
own
Wine
for
his
Drinking
;
and
hearing
that
the
Lord
Russel
was
to
be
Try'd
that
Day
,
order'd
one
of
his
Servants
to
go
and
take
Notes
of
the
Lord
Russel's
Tryal
,
and
bring
to
him
;
but
so
it
was
,
that
that
Morning
that
the
Lord
Russel
was
Tryed
,
the
King
and
the
Duke
went
to
the
Tower
,
where
they
had
not
been
for
several
Years
before
;
whilst
they
were
there
,
the
Duke
was
for
some
time
absent
from
the
King
;
and
soon
after
he
was
come
to
the
King
again
,
there
was
News
brought
to
his
Majesty
whilst
he
was
in
the
Tower
with
his
Brother
,
that
the
Earl
of
Essex
had
cut
his
own
Throat
;
The
King
was
extreamly
Surpriz'd
at
the
News
,
and
immediately
gave
Order
to
the
Lord
Allington
the
Constable
of
the
Tower
,
that
his
Lodgings
should
be
shut
up
,
and
no
one
suffered
to
go
in
,
till
the
Coroners
Inquest
had
sate
upon
the
Body
:
But
notwithstanding
this
Order
of
the
King
's
by
the
Direction
of
Some
Body
else
,
the
Body
was
stript
and
wash'd
,
and
so
was
the
Room
also
,
before
the
Coroners
Inquest
came
,
and
his
Cloathes
taken
away
,
which
when
the
Coroners
Inquest
desir'd
might
be
brought
to
them
that
they
might
see
them
,
were
told
,
They
were
to
sit
upon
the
Body
,
and
not
upon
the
Cloaths
,
and
so
were
deny'd
the
sight
of
them
.
And
when
they
were
about
adjourning
till
the
next
Day
,
before
they
gave
in
their
Verdict
,
they
were
told
,
they
must
give
it
in
presently
,
and
not
stir
till
they
had
done
it
,
because
the
King
stay'd
for
it
:
And
so
they
were
hurried
into
a
Verdict
of
the
Earl's
being
Felo-de-se
:
And
when
from
some
Information
of
a
Rasor
thrown
out
of
the
Window
of
the
Earl's
Closet
,
and
some
other
Concurrent
Circumstances
,
one
Mr.
Lawrence
Braddon
went
about
to
Discover
that
the
Earl
was
Murder'd
,
and
did
not
Kill
himself
,
he
was
prosecuted
for
it
with
the
greatest
Violence
imaginable
,
as
if
the
Discovery
of
the
Earl's
Murther
,
had
been
the
Arraignment
of
the
Government
:
After
this
the
Honourable
Algernoon
Sidney
was
also
Try'd
as
one
of
the
Council
of
Six
,
and
for
Writing
and
Publishing
a
Libel
,
(
tho'
it
was
only
found
in
Writing
in
his
own
Closet
)
and
not
prov'd
to
be
his
own
Writing
neither
,
but
by
the
Similitude
of
Hands
;
which
Writing
(
had
it
been
prov'd
his
)
was
only
an
Answer
to
Sir
Robert
Filmer's
Treatise
of
Absolute
Monarchy
,
(
which
had
been
the
Design
not
only
of
this
,
but
of
the
two
preceding
Reigns
)
yet
this
Evidence
(
such
as
it
was
)
was
sufficient
with
such
Juries
as
then
were
pack'd
for
their
Purpose
,
to
find
the
Collonel
Guilty
,
notwithstanding
the
Learned
Defence
he
made
for
himself
:
So
that
he
was
Condemned
and
Beheaded
,
dying
with
a
Greatness
of
Mind
worthy
of
himself
.
The
Duke
of
Monmouth
,
(
who
was
also
one
of
the
Lord
Howard's
Council
of
Six
)
had
for
some
time
absconded
,
but
now
upon
his
Submission
to
his
Father
and
his
Unkle
,
was
admitted
to
Court
;
but
being
urg'd
to
make
a
fuller
Discovery
and
Confession
of
the
Plot
,
which
he
affirm'd
he
knew
nothing
of
,
he
fell
again
into
his
Unkle's
Displeasure
,
and
consequently
into
his
Father's
,
and
so
was
Banished
from
the
Royal
Presence
.
Several
others
who
were
said
to
be
concerned
in
this
Plot
,
fled
beyond
Seas
,
and
were
Out-lawed
for
not
appearing
here
in
Court
;
among
whom
was
one
Holloway
a
Bristol-Merchant
,
who
was
taken
at
Nevis
in
the
West-Indies
,
and
brought
over
hither
:
He
was
wrought
upon
by
some
of
the
Duke's
Creatures
to
make
a
Confession
,
and
he
should
have
his
Pardon
;
and
when
he
had
own'd
enough
to
Hang
himself
,
he
was
offered
the
Benefit
of
a
Tryal
,
which
he
refused
,
and
flung
himself
upon
the
King's
Mercy
,
and
so
was
Executed
.
And
not
long
after
Sir
Thomas
Armstrong
,
Master
of
Horse
to
the
Duke
of
Monmouth
,
(
who
upon
the
Proclamation
put
out
for
apprehending
him
)
had
fled
into
Holland
,
was
taken
out
of
Leyden
by
Surprize
,
and
brought
to
London
,
and
Committed
to
Newgate
,
and
it
being
Term-time
,
was
soon
after
carried
to
Westminster
;
where
that
infamous
Wretch
,
Sir
George
Jefferies
,
being
at
that
time
Lord
Chief
Justice
,
order'd
him
to
be
Executed
the
Friday
following
,
he
being
already
Out-lawed
.
But
Sir
Thomas
boldly
Demanded
the
benefit
of
the
Law
,
which
was
on
his
side
,
for
by
a
Statute
of
the
6th
of
Edw.
6.
it
was
Enacted
,
That
if
any
Person
Out-law'd
for
Treason
being
beyond
the
Sea
,
shall
within
one
Year
after
such
Out-lawry
render
himself
to
the
chief
Justice
of
England
,
he
should
Reverse
his
Out-lawry
and
take
a
Tryal
;
which
Sir
Thomas
then
desir'd
,
it
being
his
Case
.
But
the
Cheif
Justice
over-rul'd
it
,
and
would
not
admit
of
his
Plea
,
nor
let
him
have
Counsel
to
Argue
it
:
But
gave
a
Rule
of
Court
for
his
Execution
the
Friday
following
;
the
Impudent
Chief
Justice
charging
Richardson
in
a
Jeering
manner
,
to
see
that
Sir
Thomas
had
the
full
benefit
of
the
Law
then
:
And
accordingly
he
was
drawn
up
on
a
Sledge
to
Tyburn
,
and
there
Executed
,
Denying
his
Knowledge
of
any
Plot
whatsoever
against
the
King
.
But
Sir
Thomas's
Death
was
Voted
Murther
by
the
Parliament
since
this
happy
Revolution
.
The
pretence
of
this
Plot
gave
them
a
specious
Ground
to
Persecute
the
Dissenters
,
the
Goals
throughout
England
,
being
at
this
time
filled
with
them
,
and
Multitudes
Cited
to
,
and
Excommunicated
by
the
Spiritual
Courts
,
for
Nonconformity
;
Executing
upon
them
all
the
Vengeance
that
was
possible
:
Some
being
punish'd
as
Rioters
;
some
for
Treasonable
Words
,
and
some
upon
Actions
of
Scandalum
Magnatum
,
and
Fined
Exorbitantly
,
beyond
all
Law
or
Reason
;
of
which
last
Sir
Thomas
Pilkington
and
Dr.
Oats
,
were
Severe
instances
,
each
being
Fined
100000
l.
to
the
Duke
.
But
a
little
before
this
time
,
the
Vertuous
Lady
Anne
,
youngest
Daughter
to
the
Duke
,
was
Married
to
Prince
George
,
the
King
of
Denmark's
Brother
;
the
Match
being
generally
liked
by
the
People
,
he
being
a
Protestant
Prince
.
And
the
Hamborough
Company
,
in
Gratitude
for
Favours
receiv'd
from
the
King
in
Relation
to
their
Charter
,
erected
his
Statue
of
grey
Marble
,
in
the
midst
of
the
Royal-Exchange
,
in
the
Habit
of
a
Roman
Caesar
.
This
was
the
State
of
the
Nation
,
when
upon
Monday
the
second
of
February
,
1684/5
,
the
King
was
taken
with
an
Apoplectick
Fit
,
which
if
it
carried
him
not
out
of
the
World
then
,
't
is
certain
it
did
the
Friday
following
;
Dying
in
the
54th
Year
of
his
Age
,
having
Reigned
36
Years
,
and
some
few
Days
.
He
was
a
Prince
that
very
much
indulg'd
himself
in
taking
his
Pleasure
;
and
was
very
unlike
his
Father
in
this
,
That
he
was
a
great
Lover
of
Women
,
and
kept
variety
of
them
,
as
the
Dutchess
of
Cleaveland
,
Nell
Gwynn
,
and
the
Dutchess
of
Portsmouth
;
the
last
of
which
was
made
use
of
by
his
Brother
,
to
make
the
King
do
whatever
he
had
a
mind
to
have
done
;
for
so
much
was
the
King
taken
with
her
French
Charms
,
that
he
could
deny
her
nothing
:
And
therefore
advancing
of
Favourites
,
was
done
by
her
Mediation
;
and
even
Parliaments
themselves
Prorogu'd
or
Dissolv'd
,
if
she
had
a
Mind
to
have
it
so
:
He
was
not
a
Prince
Bloody
or
Cruel
in
his
own
Nature
;
yet
by
the
Ascendant
his
Brother
had
over
him
,
many
worthy
Persons
lost
their
Lives
in
his
Reign
.
He
was
a
Prince
of
very
good
Natural
Parts
,
had
they
not
been
Vitiated
by
giving
himself
up
so
much
to
the
satisfaction
of
his
Lusts
.
His
making
War
with
the
Dutch
,
and
joyning
with
France
against
them
,
weaken'd
the
Protestant
Interest
,
and
has
made
the
French
so
Formidable
to
Europe
.
And
having
carry'd
on
his
Brother's
Designs
in
Masquerade
,
as
long
as
he
thought
Convenient
,
he
dyed
of
a
sudden
;
but
whether
Naturally
,
or
by
some
Foul
Play
,
I
will
not
determine
,
tho'
the
latter
was
much
Suspected
.
However
,
the
Nation
had
a
real
Kindness
for
him
,
and
the
News
of
his
Death
fill'd
all
Eyes
with
Tears
,
and
all
Hearts
with
Sadness
,
(
except
those
of
the
Papists
,
and
some
Tories
that
were
worse
than
they
)
But
this
proceeded
chiefly
from
the
Fears
and
dismal
Apprehensions
the
People
had
of
the
ensuing
Reign
.
In
the
Eleventh
Year
of
this
Kings
Reign
,
a
Prodigious
Whale
came
up
to
Greenwich
,
and
run
it self
on
shore
there
;
soon
after
which
Oliver
Cromwel
(
then
Protector
)
died
.
In
his
17th
Year
3
Blazing
Stars
appeared
,
of
different
shapes
and
colours
,
which
were
look'd
on
to
be
the
Denuntiators
of
ensuing
Judgements
.
In
his
18th
Year
,
was
a
great
Plague
in
London
,
of
which
died
far
more
than
ever
did
in
any
Plague
before
,
and
in
the
next
Year
the
greatest
part
of
the
City
of
London
was
Consumed
by
Fire
.
In
the
33d
Year
of
his
Reign
,
on
the
18th
of
May
,
1680
,
a
great
storm
of
Hail
fell
in
London
and
the
parts
adjacent
,
the
Hail-stones
being
of
an
extraordinary
bigness
,
some
of
them
nine
inches
about
,
and
generally
as
big
as
Pullets
Eggs
,
with
the
figures
of
Stars
,
and
other
curious
works
upon
them
,
being
also
very
hard
:
Several
Rooks
in
the
Temple-garden
being
kill'd
by
them
;
and
many
Sky-lights
in
London
broken
to
pieces
by
their
violent
failing
upon
them
.
Soon
after
which
a
Prodigious
Blazing-Star
appeared
in
the
West
for
several
Weeks
together
.
In
the
37th
Year
of
his
Reign
there
was
a
great
Frost
,
that
continued
from
the
beginning
of
December
to
the
end
of
February
;
in
which
time
the
Thames
was
frozen
so
hard
,
that
Booths
were
erected
upon
the
Ice
;
and
all
sorts
of
Commodities
sold
in
them
,
insomuch
that
it
was
called
Blanket-Fair
:
Also
a
Bull
was
baited
upon
the
Ice
;
and
Coaches
ply'd
from
the
Temple
stairs
to
Westminster
in
Hillary
Term.
The
Reign
of
King
JAMES
the
Second
.
KING
Charles
the
Second
being
Dead
,
on
the
same
day
in
the
afternoon
,
being
February
the
6th
.
1684/5.
his
Brother
James
Duke
of
York
was
Proclaimed
King
.
And
upon
his
coming
to
the
Council
,
He
declared
,
that
since
it
had
pleased
God
to
place
him
in
that
station
,
to
succed
so
good
a
King
,
as
well
as
so
kind
a
Brother
,
he
thought
it
fit
to
declare
his
Endeavours
to
follow
his
Brothers
Example
,
more
especially
in
that
of
his
great
Clemency
and
Tenderness
to
his
People
;
and
make
it
his
Endavour
to
preserve
the
Government
both
in
Church
and
State
,
as
it
is
by
Law
Established
:
And
then
comends
the
Church
of
England's
Principles
and
Members
;
telling
them
,
He
knows
likewise
that
the
Laws
of
England
are
sufficient
to
make
the
King
as
Great
a
Monarch
as
he
can
wish
:
And
therefore
as
he
will
never
depart
from
the
just
Rights
and
Prerogatives
of
the
Crown
,
so
he
will
never
invade
any
Mans
Property
.
This
Speech
of
the
Kings
to
his
Council
,
was
forthwith
Printed
and
Published
,
and
received
every
where
with
great
Applause
;
many
hoping
their
fears
were
greater
than
there
was
occasion
for
.
But
how
he
kept
to
this
Declariation
,
(
which
had
he
done
,
he
might
have
been
happy
)
the
sequel
of
his
Reign
will
shew
.
There
was
now
no
longer
Occasion
for
the
King
to
Dissemble
what
he
was
;
and
therefore
what
his
Brother
King
Charles
had
acted
in
Masquerade
,
King
James
resolved
to
do
bare-fac'd
;
and
accordingly
the
next
Sunday
after
his
accession
to
the
Crown
,
he
went
publickly
to
Mass
;
(
which
Convinc'd
those
,
that
before
would
not
believe
him
to
be
a
Papist
)
and
I
have
heard
it
Reported
,
That
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
carrying
the
Sword
before
him
,
resign'd
it
at
the
Door
;
upon
which
the
King
told
him
,
His
Father
would
have
gone
further
with
him
:
To
which
the
Duke
smartly
Reply'd
But
your
Majesties
Father
would
not
have
gone
so
far
:
And
so
went
to
the
Protestant
Chappel
.
In
a
few
days
after
,
the
King
Published
a
Paper
of
his
Brother's
dying
a
Roman-Catholick
,
and
of
his
Receiving
the
extream
Unction
and
other
Ceremonies
of
the
Roman-Church
,
before
his
Death
,
attested
by
one
Huddleston
a
Popish
Priest
:
And
also
a
Paper
taken
out
of
King
Charles's
his
Strong-Box
,
shewing
that
however
he
appear'd
otherwise
outwardly
,
yet
in
his
heart
he
was
a
Sincere
true
Roman-Catholick
.
The
Customs
and
Excise
dying
with
King
Charles
,
being
granted
only
for
his
Life
,
the
King
puts
out
a
Proclamation
commanding
the
paying
of
them
till
they
should
be
granted
by
Parliament
.
Which
was
his
first
Specimen
how
well
he
intended
to
preserve
Mens
Properties
,
when
his
very
first
Publick
Act
of
Government
,
was
a
Notorious
violation
both
of
Mens
Properties
,
and
of
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
.
Soon
after
this
,
his
Brother
(
King
Charles
the
Second
)
was
Buried
,
but
with
so
little
Pomp
and
Solemnity
becoming
the
Majesty
of
a
King
,
that
he
was
as
it
were
thrown
into
his
Grave
in
the
dead
time
of
the
Night
,
accompanied
by
few
Persons
;
as
if
his
Corps
had
been
in
danger
of
being
Arrested
for
Debt
:
He
was
interred
indeed
in
Henry
the
7th's
Chappel
,
but
without
any
Stone
to
cover
him
:
So
that
never
any
King
that
died
possest
of
a
Throne
,
was
so
meanly
Buried
.
Yet
was
it
well
enough
for
King
Charles
,
whose
latter
part
of
his
Reign
was
as
Dark
as
his
Burial
was
Obscure
.
But
this
notes
the
Gratitude
of
the
King
to
so
kind
a
Brother
as
he
had
always
been
to
him
.
A
little
before
King
Charles
died
,
Dr.
Oats
was
fined
100000
l.
for
Scandalum
Magnatum
against
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
to
be
kept
a
close
Prisoner
till
the
Fine
was
paid
;
which
mighty
Scandal
was
,
for
saying
,
The
Duke
was
reconciled
to
the
Church
of
Rome
:
Which
now
the
King
acknowledged
.
But
this
must
not
serve
Oats's
turn
;
a
Fine
and
Imprisonment
was
no
sufficient
Compensation
for
the
Lives
of
the
Popish
Martyrs
that
suffered
in
his
Brother's
Reign
;
and
therefore
the
King
having
him
now
within
his
Clutches
,
an
Indictment
for
Perjury
is
preferr'd
against
Oats
;
and
the
Perjury
assign'd
is
Double
;
first
,
That
Ireland
(
one
of
the
Executed
Jesuits
)
was
not
in
London
from
the
third
of
August
,
1678
,
till
the
14th
of
Sept.
next
following
;
whereas
Oats
at
the
said
Ireland's
Tryal
,
Swore
,
That
he
was
at
a
Consult
about
killing
the
King
in
the
middle
of
August
.
Secondly
,
That
Oats
was
at
St.
Omers
all
April
and
May
,
1678
:
Whereas
at
the
Tryal
of
Harcourt
and
White-bread
,
&c.
he
Swore
they
were
at
a
Consult
the
24th
of
April
,
concerning
killing
the
King
,
and
establishing
the
Popish
Religion
.
Ireland
at
his
Tryal
,
which
was
in
1678
,
urged
the
first
Point
,
and
Harcourt
,
&
Whitebread
,
&c.
at
their
Tryals
in
1679
,
pleaded
the
second
;
but
Oats
prov'd
both
so
incontestably
at
their
several
Tryals
,
that
it
was
both
to
the
Satisfaction
of
Judge
and
Jury
,
and
of
the
whole
Nation
.
But
now
the
Case
was
alter'd
,
the
Design
was
to
invalidate
the
Popish
Plot
,
and
to
punish
Oats
for
justifying
it
.
And
they
were
pretty
sure
to
carry
it
,
having
such
a
Jury
as
would
be
sure
to
find
him
Guilty
upon
any
Evidence
,
and
against
the
most
Substantial
Evidence
to
the
contrary
;
that
Mirror
of
Injustice
,
Jefferies
being
Judge
.
The
Witnesses
against
him
were
the
St.
Omer's
Youths
,
now
better
instructed
than
they
were
before
,
who
all
remembred
their
Lesson
to
a
T.
and
swore
Oats
was
at
St.
Omer's
all
April
and
May
;
and
the
Popish
Stafford-shire
Witnesses
(
at
that
Tryal
counted
as
good
Witnesses
as
any
in
the
World
)
Swore
Ireland
was
in
Stafford-shire
,
or
thereabouts
,
in
August
and
September
.
As
to
this
last
,
I
find
a
Passage
in
Cook's's
Detection
of
the
four
last
Reigns
,
that
justifies
Oats's
Evidence
beyond
all
Peradventure
,
which
I
will
here
Insert
,
and
leave
to
Posterity
to
judge
of
:
It
is
briefly
this
;
One
Mr
Benjamin
Hinton
,
a
Goldsmith
in
Lombard-street
,
was
Ireland
's
Cashier
;
and
Mr.
Hinton
going
out
of
Town
at
that
time
in
August
1678.
met
Ireland
〈◊〉
or
about
Barnet
,
coming
for
London
,
where
Ireland
told
him
he
had
extraordinary
Occasions
for
Money
,
and
urg'd
Hinton
to
go
back
with
him
,
but
Hinton
told
him
his
Man
could
do
Ireland's
Business
as
well
as
he
,
and
his
occasions
would
not
permit
him
to
go
back
.
I
asked
Mr.
Hinton
of
the
Truth
of
this
,
to
which
he
would
not
give
me
any
Answer
;
but
be
this
true
or
false
,
it
's
entred
into
Hinton's
Book
of
Accompts
,
Paid
to
Mr.
Ireland's
own
Hands
;
whereas
the
other
Entries
are
,
Paid
by
his
Order
.
And
't
is
said
Mr.
Hinton's
Man
would
Depose
he
Paid
these
Moneys
to
Ireland
himself
.
Mr.
Hinton
afterwards
failing
,
a
Commission
of
Bankrupt
was
Sued
against
him
,
and
his
Book
of
Accompts
was
delivered
,
and
kept
at
the
Widow
Vernon's
Coffee-house
in
St.
Bartholomew's-Lane
,
on
the
Back-side
of
the
Royal-Exchange
,
where
any
one
may
see
the
Truth
of
this
Entry
.
I
am
assured
Mr
Hinton
was
in
Court
at
Oats
's
Tryal
,
to
have
testified
this
,
but
was
terrified
from
it
,
for
fear
of
being
Vndone
.
But
how
true
soever
Oats's
Testimony
was
,
he
was
found
guilty
of
Perjury
,
upon
both
Points
,
before
Jefferies
his
Colleagues
,
and
had
Sentence
to
be
Whipt
from
Aldgate
to
Newgate
on
the
Wednesday
,
and
on
the
Friday
from
Newgate
to
Tyburn
,
which
was
so
severely
Executed
,
that
he
received
at
his
two
Whippings
13000
Stripes
;
besides
which
he
was
to
stand
in
the
Pillory
five
times
in
the
Year
,
and
to
be
a
Prisoner
during
Life
.
And
soon
after
Mr.
Dangerfield
was
Sentenc'd
to
undergo
the
like
Punishment
;
(
which
yet
had
a
more
Fatal
Issue
)
for
discovering
the
Meal-Tub-Plot
,
of
which
I
have
spoken
in
King
Charles
his
Reign
.
For
Dangerfield
returning
back
from
his
last
Whipping
,
was
run
into
the
Eye
by
one
Francis
,
which
touching
his
Brain
,
he
dy'd
of
the
Wound
in
a
few
Hours
:
For
which
Francis
was
afterwards
Hang'd
.
Soon
after
the
King
's
coming
to
the
Crown
,
care
was
taken
to
provide
a
Parliament
fit
for
the
King's
purpose
(
to
which
way
had
been
made
the
latter
end
of
his
Brother's
Reign
,
by
Quo
Warranto's
against
Corporations
,
and
by
the
surrender
of
Charters
)
and
they
met
the
latter
end
of
May
:
Where
the
King
made
the
same
Speech
to
them
for
Substance
,
which
he
did
at
first
to
his
Privy
Council
;
adding
,
That
he
expected
they
should
settle
his
Revenue
during
his
Life
,
which
he
must
not
suffer
to
be
Precarious
.
And
the
Parliament
answer'd
his
Ends
,
settling
the
Excise
and
Customs
upon
him
during
his
Life
,
(
which
indeed
he
took
before
,
without
their
giving
him
)
and
gave
him
other
Moneys
beside
.
During
the
sitting
of
the
Parliament
,
on
the
11th
of
June
,
the
Duke
of
Monmouth
arrived
at
Lime
,
in
Dorset-shire
,
with
three
Ships
,
whereof
one
was
a
Man
of
War
of
32
Guns
,
and
about
80
Men
;
and
having
Landed
and
taken
possession
of
the
Town
without
any
Opposition
,
he
Published
a
Declaration
,
wherein
he
Declared
he
came
over
to
restore
the
Kingdom
to
it
's
Antient
Rights
and
Priviledges
,
which
were
all
invaded
by
the
Duke
of
York
,
and
his
Adherents
,
the
Instruments
of
his
Tyranny
,
charging
him
with
the
Murder
of
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
and
of
the
late
King
,
&c.
And
inviting
the
Nobility
,
Gentry
,
and
Commons
,
to
come
in
to
him
,
and
to
assist
him
for
the
recovery
of
their
lost
Liberties
,
and
bringing
the
Duke
of
York
to
speedy
Justice
.
Tho'
at
the
Duke's
Landing
his
Complement
wanted
of
an
Hundred
,
yet
upon
Notice
of
his
being
Landed
,
he
quickly
encreas'd
,
so
that
in
a
few
Days
he
was
several
Thousands
strong
;
so
that
leaving
Lime
he
went
to
Taunton
,
encreasing
still
as
he
went
.
King
James
in
the
mean
time
having
his
Parliament
by
him
,
first
puts
out
a
Proclamation
for
apprehending
of
Monmouth
,
and
offers
5000
l.
as
a
Reward
for
any
that
should
take
him
;
and
the
Parliament
to
shew
their
Loyalty
ma●e
an
Act
attainting
him
of
High-Treason
:
And
besides
this
,
the
King
sent
several
of
his
Forces
down
against
him
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Lord
Feversham
.
The
Duke
of
Albermarle
in
Devonshire
had
rais'd
the
Militia
of
the
County
for
the
King
,
and
brought
his
Forces
within
a
quarter
of
a
Mile
of
the
Duke
,
who
prepar'd
to
Fight
him
:
But
the
Duke
of
Albermarle
perceiving
that
his
Forces
were
inclin'd
rather
to
Fight
for
Monmouth
than
against
him
;
withdrew
with
s
me
Precipitation
,
without
doing
any
thing
,
being
fearful
of
being
pursu'd
by
Monmouth
;
which
if
Monmouth
had
done
,
he
had
certainly
put
him
to
the
Rout
,
and
taken
all
his
Arms
,
which
was
the
only
thing
that
Monmouth
wanted
.
The
King's
Forces
were
now
come
into
the
West
,
and
at
Phillip's-Norton
met
with
the
Duke
of
Monmouth
,
between
whom
and
the
King's
Forces
there
was
a
brisk
Rencounter
;
wherein
the
King's
Forces
retreated
with
Loss
,
Monmouth's
Men
firing
fiercely
upon
them
.
Soon
after
the
Duke
marched
to
Cansham-bridge
,
intending
to
go
for
Bristol
,
but
hearing
the
Duke
of
Beaufort
was
with
a
Body
of
Men
to
oppose
him
in
his
way
,
he
turn'd
about
and
went
to
Bridge-water
,
whither
the
King's
Forces
followed
him
;
and
lay
at
a
place
called
Sedge-moor
;
there
in
the
dead
time
of
the
Night
,
on
Sunday
the
5th
of
July
,
the
Duke
with
a
Guide
Marches
against
the
King's
Forces
,
with
3000
Foot
and
1000
Horse
;
and
falling
upon
them
,
a
very
fierce
Fight
ensued
,
the
Duke's
Foot
fighting
incomparable
well
,
but
his
Horse
hardly
ever
came
up
;
and
his
Foot
having
spent
all
their
Ammunition
,
and
being
put
in
Disorder
by
the
King's
Horse
,
in
the
end
were
put
to
the
Rout
;
the
Duke
of
Monmouth
himself
,
with
the
Lord
Gray
,
and
some
others
,
making
their
Escape
,
and
riding
towards
the
Borders
of
Hampshire
,
where
on
the
8th
of
July
the
Duke
was
taken
,
as
also
the
Lord
Gray
,
and
a
Noble
Brandenburger
that
came
over
with
him
.
They
were
all
brought
to
London
with
a
strong
Guard
,
on
the
13th
,
and
the
D.
after
having
been
Examined
at
Whitehall
was
Committed
to
the
Tower
,
and
being
already
attainted
by
Parliament
,
a
Warrant
was
signed
by
the
King
for
his
Execution
,
and
on
the
15th
of
July
he
was
Beheaded
on
Tower-hill
,
many
pittying
of
him
,
but
none
being
able
to
help
him
.
But
this
was
one
Specimen
more
of
K.
James's
Love
to
so
good
and
kind
a
Brother
as
K.
Charles
the
II.
had
been
to
him
,
cutting
off
the
Head
of
his
beloved
Son
.
After
the
Duke's
Defeat
at
Sedgmoor
,
many
of
his
Followers
were
taken
and
put
in
Prison
;
and
then
the
Chief
Justice
Jefferies
was
sent
down
to
keep
the
Assizes
there
,
where
he
acted
so
many
barbarous
things
,
that
't
is
a
shame
to
Name
them
,
and
Posterity
will
scarce
believe
them
:
For
in
the
Counties
of
Dorset
and
Sommerset
,
above
three
Hundred
Persons
were
Executed
,
and
their
Heads
and
Quarters
were
set
upon
Poles
,
and
placed
both
in
all
the
chief
Towns
,
and
in
the
Roads
and
High-ways
for
many
Miles
together
,
both
to
the
Terror
and
Annoyance
of
Travellers
as
they
past
along
.
And
thus
it
is
that
King
James
performs
his
Word
to
his
Privy-Council
,
at
his
first
coming
to
the
Crown
,
of
his
endeavouring
to
follow
the
Example
of
his
dear
Brother
in
all
things
,
especially
in
that
of
his
great
Tenderness
and
Clemency
to
his
People
.
But
it
is
not
all
the
Blood
shed
in
the
West
that
will
Suffice
;
there
are
still
other
Victims
to
be
offer'd
up
;
for
upon
Tuesday
the
13th
of
October
,
1685.
Alderman
Cornish
was
taken
off
of
the
Exchange
,
(
where
he
was
following
his
Business
without
any
apprehension
of
Danger
towards
him
,
thinking
his
own
Innocency
a
sufficient
Defence
)
and
committed
close
Prisoner
to
Newgate
;
and
on
the
Saturday
night
following
had
Notice
to
prepare
for
his
Tryal
on
Monday
,
at
which
time
he
was
Tryed
for
High-Treason
,
in
promising
to
assist
the
Duke
of
Monmonth
,
the
Lord
Russel
,
Sir
Thomas
Armstrong
,
&c.
against
King
Charles
the
Second
,
in
the
Year
1682.
The
chief
Witness
against
him
was
Rumsey
,
who
Swore
,
That
the
Declaration
for
a
Rising
being
read
,
Alderman
Cornish
being
present
,
and
being
ask'd
how
he
lik'd
it
,
he
answer'd
,
Very
well
;
and
what
poor
Interest
he
had
,
he
would
join
in
it
.
And
yet
this
Fellow
at
the
Lord
Russel's
Tryal
,
Swore
Cornish
was
not
there
when
the
Declaration
was
read
,
nor
knew
nothing
of
it
.
However
,
the
Alderman's
Death
was
resolved
on
,
and
both
Judge
and
Jury
being
agreed
,
he
was
found
Guilty
,
Condemn'd
,
and
on
the
23th
of
the
same
Month
executed
in
Cheapside
,
over
against
the
Guild-Hall
of
the
City
,
Declaring
his
Innocency
as
to
what
he
was
Condemn'd
for
,
to
the
very
last
:
And
indeed
Heaven
it self
attested
it
for
him
,
for
his
Execution
was
follow'd
with
such
a
dreadful
Storm
of
Wind
,
attended
with
Thunder
,
Lightning
,
and
Rain
,
as
the
like
has
scarce
happened
at
that
time
of
the
Year
,
in
the
Memory
of
Man
.
His
true
Crime
was
,
That
he
was
a
Zealous
Protestant
,
that
had
serv'd
the
City
Faithfully
in
his
Shrievalty
,
and
had
Examined
Fitz-Harris
in
Newgate
,
and
had
like
to
have
discovered
the
Depth
of
that
cursed
Design
against
the
Protestants
.
The
same
Day
also
one
Mrs.
Gaunt
,
a
Woman
of
great
Goodness
and
Charity
,
was
burn'd
at
Tyburn
,
for
relieving
a
Lieutenant
under
Monmouth
in
the
West
,
himself
being
the
Witness
against
her
,
for
which
he
had
his
Pardon
.
And
now
the
Parliament
met
again
,
and
the
King
tells
them
how
he
had
Defeated
Monmouth
,
and
that
several
Popish
Officers
had
been
very
useful
to
him
therein
;
that
he
could
not
be
without
their
Service
;
and
that
the
Militia
was
not
sufficient
,
without
keeping
up
a
standing
Army
;
and
hopes
they
will
help
him
to
Defray
the
Charge
;
but
the
Parliament
address
to
him
to
Disband
his
Popish
Officers
,
and
offers
to
pass
an
Act
to
Indempnify
them
from
the
Penalties
they
had
already
incurr'd
in
serving
without
having
taken
the
Test
appointed
by
Law
:
This
Address
of
the
Commons
was
very
surprising
to
the
King
,
who
expected
from
them
absolute
Obedience
without
Reserve
:
But
the
King
was
much
more
Surpriz'd
when
he
understood
that
the
Bishop
of
London
had
made
a
motion
in
the
House
of
Lords
to
take
the
King's
Speech
into
Consideration
,
as
fearing
the
Lords
would
concur
with
the
Commons
in
their
Address
.
But
the
King
was
resolved
to
prevent
it
,
and
therefore
first
Prorogued
,
and
soon
after
Dissolved
the
Parliament
;
who
had
been
so
large
in
their
Supplies
the
first
Session
,
that
now
(
too
late
)
they
saw
he
was
able
to
live
without
them
.
The
Parliament's
questioning
of
the
Popish
Officers
,
had
put
them
all
into
a
Fright
,
but
the
Parliament
being
Dissolved
,
they
were
all
at
ease
again
,
and
nothing
but
Popish
Officers
,
and
Priests
and
Jesuites
are
seen
about
the
Court
;
who
were
grown
to
an
unparallell'd
degree
of
Impudence
.
And
yet
to
find
Fault
with
them
,
was
a
Crime
next
to
High-Treason
.
But
the
King
finding
the
Penal
Laws
and
Tests
stand
as
a
mighty
Obstacle
in
his
way
,
was
resolv'd
to
remove
them
:
In
order
to
which
,
the
Lord-Keeper
North
dying
,
while
Jefferies
was
keeping
the
Bloody
Assizes
in
the
West
,
at
his
return
back
,
he
had
the
Seals
given
him
,
with
the
Title
of
Lord-Chancellor
,
as
a
Reward
for
his
good
Service
in
destroying
the
Western
Hereticks
;
and
as
an
encouragement
to
him
to
destroy
the
Penal
Laws
and
Tests
,
the
great
Bulwark
against
Popery
.
And
therefore
dispensing
Power
in
the
King
,
is
that
which
must
next
be
set
up
in
order
to
effect
it
.
And
the
Judges
must
be
dealt
with
,
to
give
their
Opinions
for
it
.
And
I
have
been
certainly
told
,
That
the
King
Closetting
Sir
Thomas
Jones
about
it
,
Sir
Thomas
was
not
enough
thorow
paced
,
but
boggled
at
it
,
and
told
the
King
He
could
not
do
it
:
to
which
the
King
answering
,
He
would
have
twelve
Judges
of
his
Opinion
.
Sir
Thomas
Replyed
,
He
might
have
twelve
Judges
of
his
Opinion
,
but
he
would
scarce
find
twelve
Lawyers
of
his
Opinion
.
But
the
King
was
as
good
as
his
Word
,
and
made
such
Judges
as
gave
their
Opinions
,
That
the
King
might
dispense
with
the
Penal
Laws
and
Tests
out
of
Parliament
.
The
Papists
having
always
look'd
upon
the
Church
of
England
with
an
evil
Eye
,
did
so
now
more
than
ever
,
they
having
writ
several
Elaborate
and
Learned
Books
,
in
opposition
to
the
principal
Errors
of
Popery
,
which
they
were
never
able
to
answer
:
But
they
were
resolv'd
if
they
could
not
deal
with
them
one
way
,
they
would
another
;
and
therefore
the
King
granted
a
Commission
for
Ecclesiastical
Affairs
,
expresly
contrary
to
Law
,
thereby
to
Curb
them
.
This
Commission
was
Granted
to
the
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
the
Lord
Chancellor
Jefferies
,
the
Earl
of
Rochester
,
the
Earl
of
Sunderland
,
the
Bishop
of
Durham
,
the
Bishop
of
Rochester
,
and
the
Lord-Chief-Justice
of
England
:
But
the
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
refusing
to
act
in
it
,
the
Bishop
of
Chester
was
added
:
Before
these
Commissioners
the
Bishop
of
London
was
Cited
,
and
Suspended
,
for
not
Suspending
Dr.
Sharp
,
for
Preaching
a
Sermon
against
the
Corruptions
and
Frauds
of
the
Church
of
Rome
.
In
Ireland
the
King
having
recalled
the
Duke
of
Ormond
from
his
Lieutenancy
,
made
the
Earl
of
Clarendon
Lieutenant
,
and
Sir
Charles
Porter
Lord-Chancellor
,
who
after
their
arrival
there
,
declared
(
according
to
their
Instructions
)
that
the
King
would
preserve
the
Acts
of
Settlement
and
Explanation
,
inviolable
,
as
the
Magna-Charta
of
Ireland
.
But
at
the
same
time
the
King
having
given
to
Collonel
Richard
Talbot
(
a
Man
not
at
all
belov'd
by
the
Protestants
)
an
Independent
Commission
to
reform
the
Army
,
and
he
turns
out
those
Officers
that
were
firm
to
the
Protestant
Religion
and
the
English
Interest
,
and
puts
Notorious
Irish
Papists
in
their
Room
,
and
serves
not
only
the
Officers
,
but
even
the
private
Troopers
and
Soldiers
that
were
Protestants
,
in
the
same
manner
.
So
that
one
of
the
best
principled
Armies
in
the
World
,
both
with
respect
to
Loyalty
,
and
a
firm
adherence
to
the
Protestant
Religion
,
was
turn'd
out
and
Disbanded
,
and
a
parcel
of
Irish
Popish
Cut-Throats
entertain'd
in
their
places
;
which
seemed
strange
to
the
English
Protestants
there
,
and
not
at
all
agreeable
to
what
my
Lord
Clarendon
,
and
Sir
Charles
Porter
had
told
them
;
who
were
not
themselves
pleased
with
it
,
but
knew
not
how
to
help
it
.
But
in
England
the
King
having
established
his
Dispensing
Power
,
puts
forth
a
Declaration
for
Liberty
of
Conscience
;
pursuant
to
which
,
the
Goals
all
over
England
,
that
were
fill'd
with
Protestant
Dissenters
,
were
clear'd
,
and
the
Dissenters
set
at
Liberty
:
Who
having
been
long
oppress'd
and
almost
ruin'd
by
severe
Prosecutions
for
several
Years
together
,
were
now
glad
of
a
little
Ease
;
tho'
the
most
Judicious
among
them
saw
clearly
enough
it
was
not
for
their
Sakes
,
but
to
introduce
Popery
,
that
this
Indulgence
was
principally
Granted
;
and
therefore
were
always
afraid
of
the
Snake
hid
in
the
Grass
.
The
Episcopal
Clergy
,
who
in
the
late
Reign
,
and
the
beginning
of
this
also
,
had
been
very
severe
to
Dissenters
,
began
now
to
see
they
had
been
only
Tools
in
so
doing
to
the
Papists
,
and
had
carried
on
their
W●●k
for
them
;
and
now
that
their
Eyes
began
to
be
〈◊〉
and
t●●●
they
would
be
so
no
more
,
they
would
fain
have
made
T●●s
of
the
Dissenters
to
pull
down
the
Church
of
England
;
by
aggravating
the
ill
Usage
they
had
receiv'd
from
them
so
many
Years
:
And
that
now
was
their
time
to
call
them
to
an
Account
,
and
be
even
with
them
for
it
;
and
several
of
the
Dissenters
(
who
were
very
Honest
,
tho'
mistaken
Men
)
were
by
these
specious
Pretences
drawn
in
to
joyn
with
them
.
The
King
was
so
fond
or
his
Declaration
for
Liberty
of
Conscience
,
that
he
Publishes
it
a
second
time
,
with
an
Injunction
to
have
it
read
in
all
Parish-Churches
;
and
the
Bishops
of
the
respective
Diocesses
were
to
see
it
done
.
But
the
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
several
of
the
Bishops
,
looking
upon
this
as
a
thing
contrary
to
Law
,
not
only
refused
to
do
it
,
but
humbly
Petitioned
the
King
to
hear
the
Reasons
why
they
could
not
comply
with
that
Order
.
But
this
was
looked
upon
by
Jefferies
,
then
Lord-Chancellor
,
Father
Peters
,
(
then
made
one
of
the
Privy-Council
)
and
others
of
the
Popish
Faction
,
as
a
Crime
next
to
High-Treason
;
and
therefore
for
their
Contempt
they
were
Committed
to
the
Tower
.
It
was
now
more
than
a
Year
that
had
passed
since
the
King's
Declaration
for
Indulgence
came
forth
;
and
the
Prince
and
Prince●
of
Orange
having
been
privately
sounded
how
they
stood
affected
to
the
Test
and
Penal
Laws
,
they
being
the
next
Heirs
to
the
Crown
;
their
Opinion
seemed
to
be
,
That
the
Papists
should
by
Law
have
Liberty
for
the
private
Exercise
of
their
Religion
without
Disturbance
,
but
that
by
no
means
the
Tests
should
be
taken
off
,
to
let
them
in
to
have
a
share
in
the
Government
.
This
it
was
that
touch'd
the
Papists
to
the
quick
,
for
they
saw
that
the
King
was
well
stricken
in
Years
,
and
upon
his
Death
(
which
they
knew
not
how
soon
might
happen
)
a
Protestant
Princess
was
the
next
Heir
,
who
would
soon
pull
down
all
that
Babel
,
which
they
had
been
Building
;
and
therefore
some
other
Provision
must
be
made
for
another
Popish
Successor
.
And
nothing
could
do
this
so
well
as
a
young
Prince
of
Wales
,
during
whose
Minority
(
if
the
Ki●●
should
Die
)
they
might
Govern
themselves
,
〈…〉
Popery
,
as
in
the
days
of
Old
.
This
being
resolv'd
on
,
the
old
D●tchess
of
Modena
,
makes
hee
Offering
to
the
Lady
of
Loretto
,
of
whom
she
Implores
,
That
the
Queen
of
England
may
have
a
Son
(
for
a
Daughter
would
signify
nothing
)
to
be
Heir
of
the
Crown
of
England
.
By
Vertue
of
these
Prayers
,
and
the
Queen's
going
down
to
the
Bath
,
and
drinking
the
Waters
there
,
she
was
said
to
be
Impregnated
;
and
nothing
was
now
to
be
heard
among
the
Popish
Faction
,
but
drinking
the
Young
Prince's
Health
,
even
before
he
was
Born
;
for
that
it
would
be
a
Son
,
there
was
no
body
question'd
,
as
taking
it
for
Granted
that
was
the
Design
.
And
all
things
were
carried
on
by
the
Faction
in
order
to
it's
Birth
.
The
Princess
Ann
of
Denmark
being
not
very
well
,
was
advis'd
by
her
Physicians
to
go
down
to
the
Bath
,
for
the
Recovery
of
her
Health
.
And
the
Arch
bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
several
others
of
the
Bishops
being
in
the
Tower
,
and
the
Bishop
of
London
suspended
from
his
Office
,
and
other
concurring
Circumstances
being
ready
,
it
was
now
look'd
upon
to
be
a
good
time
for
the
Queen
to
cry
out
,
which
was
accordingly
so
well
manag'd
,
that
on
Sunday
the
11th
of
June
,
1688
,
a
young
Prince
of
Wales
was
said
to
be
born
:
Which
was
publish'd
with
so
much
Joy
,
both
throughout
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
and
by
their
Embassadors
in
all
Foreign
Courts
,
that
they
abundantly
over-acted
it
.
The
great
Point
of
a
Popish
Heir
being
thus
secur'd
,
the
Popish
Faction
begun
to
go
on
with
a
high
Hand
,
turning
out
Dr.
Hough
(
whom
the
Fellows
of
Magdalen
Colledge
in
Oxford
had
chosen
for
their
President
)
and
all
the
Fellows
too
,
because
they
would
not
accept
of
a
Papist
,
whom
the
King
would
have
impos'd
upon
'em
by
a
Mandamus
;
in
Sidney
Colledge
in
Cambridge
,
Father
Francis
was
put
in
;
and
in
Vniversity-Colledge
in
Oxford
,
Obadiah
Walker
the
Principal
,
declar'd
himself
a
Papist
.
The
Head
of
Christ-Church
,
put
in
by
the
King
,
wa●
also
of
●●e
same
Profession
.
Nor
was
any
Preferment
to
〈…〉
unless
he
were
a
Roman-Catholick
.
In
Scotland
the
●ing
had
issued
out
a
Proclamation
for
Tolleration
in
Religion
,
recommending
his
Roman-Catholick
Subjects
particularly
,
to
the
Protection
of
the
Government
there
,
and
tells
them
he
expects
his
Will
should
be
Obey'd
absolutely
,
and
without
Reserve
.
But
in
Ireland
the
King
would
allow
no
Liberty
of
Conscience
to
the
Protestants
;
for
they
were
turn'd
out
of
all
Offices
and
Places
whatsoever
:
And
the
Earl
of
Clarendon
recalled
from
his
Lieutenancy
,
and
Talbot
,
who
had
already
reformed
the
Army
there
,
and
made
it
perfectly
Popish
,
was
for
that
good
Service
made
Earl
of
Tyrconnel
,
and
Deputy
of
Ireland
.
Sir
Charles
Porter
also
,
the
Lord
Chancellor
,
was
turned
out
,
and
one
Alexander
Fitton
,
a
Papist
,
who
had
been
fetch'd
out
of
Goal
in
England
,
and
made
a
Knight
,
is
now
made
Lord-Chancellor
in
his
place
.
I
have
before
told
you
of
the
Committing
of
the
Seven
Bishops
to
the
Tower
,
(
which
were
the
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
the
Bishop
of
Bath
and
Wells
,
the
Bishop
of
Bristol
,
the
Bishop
of
Peterborough
,
the
Bishop
of
Chichester
,
the
Bishop
of
St.
Asaph
,
●nd
the
Bishop
of
Ely
)
and
of
the
Birth
of
the
pretended
Prince
of
Wales
while
they
were
there
;
the
Bishops
having
by
their
Habeas
Corpus
been
set
at
Liberty
,
were
Tryed
for
a
high
Misdemeanour
in
Trinity-Term
following
;
and
notwithstanding
the
new
Modelling
of
the
Judges
,
and
that
one
of
then
(
Judge
All'bone
)
was
a
known
Papist
,
yet
Mr.
Justice
Powel
,
to
his
lasting
Honour
,
did
both
Learnedly
and
Zealously
defend
their
Cause
,
so
that
the
Jury
acquitted
them
.
The
publick
Rejoycing
that
was
made
for
the
acquittal
of
the
Bishops
,
was
not
Confined
to
the
Cities
of
London
and
Westminster
,
but
upon
the
News
thereof
being
brought
to
Hounsloe-Heath
,
where
the
Army
lay
,
the
King
being
at
that
time
treated
by
the
Earl
of
Feversham
(
in
his
Tent
)
it
was
received
with
a
general
Shout
throughout
the
whole
Army
;
the
King
not
knowing
the
Reason
of
that
Shout
,
was
very
much
Startled
at
it
,
and
sent
the
Earl
of
Feversham
out
to
enquire
the
Cause
,
who
upon
his
Return
,
told
the
King
,
'T●●●
nothing
〈◊〉
the
Soldiers
Joy
for
the
acquittal
of
the
Bishops
:
To
whom
the
King
reply'd
with
some
Discomposure
,
And
call
you
that
Nothing
?
This
being
indeed
enough
to
let
him
see
how
vain
a
Design
he
had
undertaken
,
to
set
up
Popery
by
a
Protestant
Army
.
The
King
was
now
busie
in
modelling
all
the
Corporations
in
England
that
send
Burgesses
to
Parliament
,
to
get
a
Parliament
fitted
to
his
own
Turn
,
in
order
to
take
off
the
Penal
Laws
and
Tests
,
no
other
obstacle
now
lying
in
his
way
;
when
on
a
sudden
he
was
allarmed
with
the
News
of
the
great
Preparations
making
by
the
Dutch
,
both
by
Sea
and
Land
:
Upon
which
account
,
the
King
sends
to
his
Envoy
at
the
Hague
to
put
in
a
Memorial
to
the
States
General
to
know
the
Reason
.
The
French
King
also
,
who
was
concern'd
at
it
,
orders
his
Ambassador
there
to
deliver
in
a
Memorial
upon
that
occasion
,
wherein
he
tells
the
States
,
There
are
such
Bonds
of
Friendship
and
Alliance
between
his
Master
and
the
King
of
Great
Brittain
,
as
will
oblige
him
(
the
French
King
)
not
only
to
assist
the
King
of
Great
Brittain
,
but
to
look
on
the
first
Act
of
Hostility
committed
against
him
(
the
King
of
Great
Brittain
)
to
be
a
Manifest
Rupture
of
the
Peace
,
and
a
Breach
with
his
Crown
.
This
left
no
longer
any
doubt
in
the
mind
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
and
the
States
General
,
of
the
private
League
between
England
and
France
.
Which
was
a
sufficient
Ground
for
the
Prince
of
Orange
to
rescue
these
Kingdoms
(
to
which
(
in
Right
of
his
Princess
)
he
was
the
next
Heir
)
from
Popery
and
Arbitrary
Power
.
For
he
saw
plainly
that
the
Supposititions
Prince
was
Introduc'd
to
wrong
him
and
his
Princess
of
their
Right
to
the
Succession
,
and
to
subject
these
Kingdoms
to
Popery
and
Slavery
,
and
by
consequence
all
Europe
besides
.
The
Dutch
took
no
notice
of
the
French
King
's
Memorial
,
but
gave
King
James's
Envoy
this
Answer
,
that
they
had
Arm'd
in
Imitation
of
his
Britanick
Majesty
,
and
the
other
Princes
;
and
that
they
had
thereby
given
no
just
occasion
of
Offence
,
in
Arming
when
all
other
Princes
where
in
motion
;
and
that
they
were
long
since
convinced
of
the
Alliance
that
the
King
his
Master
had
treated
with
France
,
and
what
had
been
mention'd
to
them
by
Monsier
de
Count
d'
Avaux
in
his
Memorial
.
After
this
Answer
,
King
James
expected
no
good
from
the
Dutch
,
and
lookt
upon
them
,
as
if
they
had
already
declar'd
War
against
him
.
And
now
the
Eyes
of
all
England
were
turned
to
Holland
,
and
expected
Deliverance
from
thence
;
without
which
they
saw
themselves
Ruined
;
nor
did
his
Royal
Highness
the
Prince
of
Orange
deceive
them
,
but
Landed
with
an
Army
of
about
14000
Men
,
at
Torbay
near
Exeter
,
on
the
Fifth
day
of
November
,
1688.
A
day
deservedly
Famous
in
England
for
two
eminent
Deliverances
from
Popery
.
Soon
after
his
Landing
he
went
to
Exceter
,
where
he
was
received
by
the
People
with
Shouts
and
Acclamations
of
Joy
as
their
Deliverer
,
as
indeed
he
was
:
After
some
little
stay
there
,
he
came
forwards
towards
the
South
;
but
King
James
to
oppose
him
,
sent
down
his
Army
to
Salisbury
,
whither
he
also
went
himself
;
but
part
of
the
Army
going
over
to
the
Prince
,
the
King
was
so
Sta●tled
at
it
,
that
he
thought
not
himself
there
out
of
Danger
,
and
so
return'd
to
London
again
;
and
as
the
Prince
came
forward
,
he
was
in
all
places
look'd
upon
as
a
Blessing
sent
from
Heaven
to
rescue
'em
from
Popery
and
Slavery
.
In
the
mean
time
King
James
to
prevent
(
if
it
were
possible
)
the
impending
and
growing
danger
,
Restores
all
the
Fellows
of
Magdalen
Colledge
,
and
puts
out
his
Proclamation
for
vacating
all
New
Charters
,
and
restoring
of
old
ones
,
and
Particularly
the
Charter
of
London
was
carried
in
great
Pomp
to
Guild-Hall
by
Jefferies
,
and
given
the
Citizens
again
.
But
for
all
these
good
things
there
was
no
body
now
thank'd
him
,
as
being
the
Effects
of
his
Fear
,
and
not
of
his
good
will
.
The
Prince's
coming
nearer
and
nearer
to
London
,
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
at
every
Place
Flocking
to
him
,
and
Congratulating
him
;
King
James
first
sends
away
his
Queen
and
pretended
Prince
to
France
;
and
in
a
little
time
after
withdraws
himself
from
White-Hall
,
and
goes
to
Feversham
,
where
attempting
to
go
a-board
,
he
was
seiezed
and
rifled
by
the
Country
People
,
and
after
his
being
known
,
he
came
back
to
London
again
,
and
was
well
receiv'd
;
but
the
Prince
being
then
at
Windsor
,
and
designing
the
next
Day
for
London
,
King
James
by
a
Message
was
desir'd
to
with-draw
himself
to
Ham
near
Kingston
,
to
avoid
those
Inconveniences
that
might
Ensue
:
But
the
King
rather
chose
to
go
to
Rochester
,
having
the
Princes
Guards
with
him
to
secure
him
from
the
Insults
of
the
People
;
there
he
staid
two
or
three
Days
,
and
then
Privately
Embark'd
himself
for
France
;
where
he
soon
after
ariv'd
.
King
James
being
thus
gone
away
,
upon
the
Prince's
coming
to
London
,
he
was
desir'd
by
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
to
take
the
Government
upon
him
,
thereby
to
suppress
the
Disorders
of
the
common
People
,
which
was
then
very
Great
;
but
by
the
Prince's
Order
soon
brought
to
be
quiet
.
The
Mass-Houses
were
every
where
pull'd
down
,
and
the
Priests
and
Jesuits
,
with
the
whole
Popish
Crew
,
put
to
the
Scamper
.
Jefferies
being
dropt
by
his
Master
,
was
shifting
for
himself
,
but
taken
by
the
Mobb
in
a
Seaman's
Habit
,
was
carried
before
the
Lord-Mayor
,
and
from
thence
sent
to
the
Tower
,
attended
by
strong
Guards
to
keep
him
from
being
torn
in
Pieces
by
the
incensed
Mobb
,
who
follow'd
him
with
Threats
,
Curses
,
and
Execrations
;
where
sometime
after
he
drank
himself
to
Death
,
and
so
sav'd
the
Hang-man
a
Labour
.
The
Prince
of
Orange
having
the
Government
put
into
his
Hands
,
Summons
such
Gentlemen
as
were
Members
of
King
Charles's
last
three
Parliaments
to
meet
at
Westminster
,
to
consult
what
was
fit
to
be
done
for
the
Nation
;
which
they
accordingly
did
,
and
desir'd
the
Prince
that
Writs
might
be
issued
out
for
the
calling
a
Convention
of
the
Estates
(
in
the
Nature
of
a
Parliament
)
to
meet
in
January
following
:
Which
being
done
,
the
Convention
met
at
the
time
appointed
;
and
entering
into
several
Debates
about
the
present
States
of
Affairs
,
they
came
to
this
Result
,
That
King
James
by
privately
withdrawing
himself
out
of
his
Kingdoms
,
had
Abdicated
the
Throne
,
whereby
it
was
become
Vacant
.
And
so
ended
the
Four
Years
Reign
of
King
James
the
Second
.
An
Account
of
what
Remarkably
Occur'd
since
the
Reign
of
King
WILLIAM
the
III.
and
Queen
MARY
the
II.
to
the
Year
1606.
KING
James
(
as
has
been
mentioned
)
having
Left
the
Land
,
and
that
in
Parliament
being
taking
for
an
Abdication
,
and
the
Throne
declared
Vacant
,
William
and
Mary
Prince
and
Princess
of
Orange
,
were
Proclaimed
King
and
Queen
of
England
,
France
,
and
Ireland
,
&c.
before
White-Hall
,
and
in
the
City
of
London
,
with
the
Joy
of
the
whole
Nation
,
on
the
13th
of
Feb.
1688
,
and
with
Convenient
speed
they
were
Proclaimed
with
the
like
satisfaction
in
all
the
Principal
Places
of
their
Dominions
;
and
the
King
returned
the
Parliament
a
Gracious
answer
to
their
Declaration
,
expressing
himself
highly
satisfied
with
what
they
had
done
,
promising
to
the
utmost
his
Care
and
Protection
for
the
Preservation
of
the
Established
Religion
,
Laws
,
and
Liberties
;
and
that
he
should
always
be
ready
to
Concur
with
them
in
any
thing
that
should
be
for
the
Good
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
to
do
all
that
in
him
lay
to
advance
the
Glory
and
Welfare
of
it
;
and
thereupon
he
proceeded
to
quiet
disorders
in
all
places
of
England
that
had
risen
on
this
Revolution
.
But
Ireland
was
in
a
dangerous
Condition
;
for
the
Earl
of
Tyrconnel
had
stopped
almost
all
the
Ports
,
and
was
raising
numerous
Forces
of
Irish
,
for
the
Service
of
King
James
;
so
that
those
who
would
have
fled
into
England
,
or
Scotland
,
were
for
the
most
part
restrained
,
and
obliged
to
continue
under
the
dreadful
Apprehensions
of
another
Massacre
,
being
every
where
in
the
Countrey
Robbed
and
Spoiled
of
their
Substance
,
and
a
great
many
Imprisoned
.
The
State
of
which
Kingdom
the
King
earnestly
recommended
to
his
Parliament
,
desiring
them
to
hasten
the
raising
such
Supplies
as
was
requisite
in
order
to
redu●d
it
to
Obedience
.
The
Lord
bishop
of
London
,
with
about
one
Hundred
of
the
City
Clergy
,
waiting
on
the
King
to
tender
their
humble
Duty
,
he
gave
them
an
assurance
of
his
Affection
to
the
Church
of
England
,
and
of
all
Encouragement
to
them
;
concluding
that
they
might
depend
upon
his
Word
.
And
an
Act
passed
about
Removing
and
Preventing
all
Questions
and
Disputes
about
the
Assembling
and
sitting
of
the
Parliament
;
and
the
King
issued
out
his
Proclamation
(
to
leave
the
Irish
without
Excuse
)
That
if
they
would
lay
down
their
Arms
,
and
Live
quietly
,
they
should
have
their
Pardon
for
all
things
past
,
and
enjoy
their
Estates
;
but
if
they
continued
still
in
Arms
,
declaring
them
Rebels
and
Traytors
,
and
their
Lands
and
Possessions
Forfeited
,
&c.
But
this
Proclamation
being
not
Publish'd
in
Ireland
,
had
little
effect
;
tho'
in
the
North
the
Protestants
secured
London-Derry
,
Sligo
,
and
other
places
,
in
expectation
of
being
Aided
from
England
.
And
now
the
King
,
to
ease
his
Subjects
,
consented
that
the
Duty
of
Hearth-Money
,
that
had
long
been
a
Burden
to
the
Nation
,
might
be
taken
off
,
which
was
very
pleasing
to
the
People
.
Thomas
Pilkington
Esq
who
in
the
late
Reign
was
Fined
100000
l.
upon
an
Action
of
Scandalum
Magnatum
,
brought
against
him
by
the
then
Duke
of
York
,
was
now
chosen
Lord-Mayor
of
London
,
in
which
Honourable
station
he
continued
near
three
Years
.
And
now
the
Coronation
being
appointed
,
on
the
11th
of
April
it
was
performed
with
great
Splendor
and
Magnificence
,
occasioning
great
Demonstrations
of
Joy
in
the
People
:
and
soon
after
the
Crown
of
Scotland
,
was
by
the
Commissioners
of
the
Estates
presented
to
the
King
and
Queen
,
which
was
accepted
,
and
the
usual
Coronation
Oath
of
that
Kingdom
taken
.
And
now
Admiral
Herbert
standing
with
a
considerable
Squadron
to
the
Coast
of
Ireland
,
fought
with
about
40
French
Men
of
War
in
Bantrey-Bay
,
in
this
Engagement
Capt.
George
Aylmer
of
the
Portland
,
a
Lieutenant
,
and
64
Seamen
,
were
Killed
,
and
about
240
Wounded
;
the
Enemy
losing
a
greater
Number
.
And
then
at
the
humble
Request
of
the
Parliament
,
the
King
declared
War
with
France
.
In
Scotland
Duke
Hamilton
was
made
High-Commissioner
;
where
the
Duke
of
Gourdon
held
the
Castle
of
Edenborough
for
King
James
,
and
the
Viscount
.
Dundee
had
a
considerable
Force
in
the
Field
,
to
second
him
;
and
many
hot
Skirmishes
were
Fought
;
till
at
last
in
an
Obstinate
Fight
Dundee
was
killed
,
upon
which
the
Duke
of
Gourdon
not
finding
himself
longer
able
to
hold
the
Castle
,
delivered
it
up
to
Sir
John
Lanier
,
upon
Articles
.
●nd
tho'
Collonel
Cannon
,
Buchanon
,
and
others
,
kept
up
the
Party
in
the
Field
for
a
while
,
at
length
they
were
dispersed
,
and
Scotland
entirely
Quieted
.
On
the
24th
of
July
the
Princess
of
Denmark
was
brought
to
Bed
of
a
Son
,
and
on
the
28th
he
was
Christened
William
,
by
the
Bishop
of
London
;
the
King
and
the
Earl
of
Dorset
standing
God-Fathers
,
and
the
Marchioness
of
Hallifax
God-Mother
;
and
then
the
King
declared
the
Young
Prince
Duke
of
Gloucester
.
King
James
being
Landed
in
Ireland
,
with
some
French
Forces
,
and
a
considerable
number
of
Officers
,
Arms
,
and
Ammunition
,
had
with
a
numerous
Army
besieged
London-Derry
,
which
was
Defended
by
the
Inhabitants
and
others
,
till
it
was
reduced
to
the
last
Extremity
by
Famine
;
but
then
Providence
so
ordered
it
,
that
Major-General
Kirk
sending
in
Shipping
with
Provision
,
the
Siege
was
raised
.
The
Besiegers
in
lying
before
it
,
and
by
the
Besieged's
falling
on
the
Rear
in
drawing
off
,
having
lost
2000
men
;
and
Dr.
Walker
,
a
principal
Man
in
Defending
that
place
,
coming
over
,
the
King
Ordered
him
5000
l.
as
a
mark
of
his
Bounty
,
with
an
Assurance
of
greater
Advantages
.
And
on
the
13th
of
August
,
the
Duke
of
Schomberg
Landed
with
the
English
Army
at
Carickfergus
in
Ireland
,
and
soon
Reduced
divers
Places
,
compelling
the
advanced
Parties
of
the
Irish
to
retreat
before
him
,
and
held
a
Winter-Camp
on
the
Plains
of
Dundalk
,
which
being
Moorish
and
Foggy
,
many
Gallant
Men
dyed
of
the
Flux
,
and
other
Sicknesses
.
But
the
Iniskilling-men
,
who
frequently
went
abroad
in
Parties
,
did
considerable
Service
,
by
cutting
off
the
Irish
Rapparees
.
Whilst
these
things
passed
,
the
King
for
weighty
Reasons
dissolved
his
first
Parliament
,
and
called
another
to
sit
at
Westminster
the
20th
of
March
,
1690
,
and
the
Commons
chusing
Sir
John
Trevor
their
Speaker
,
the
King
told
both
Houses
,
among
other
things
,
That
his
Resolution
was
to
go
for
Ireland
,
his
Presence
being
necessary
there
,
for
Reducing
that
Kingdom
:
Signifying
it
was
his
Pleasure
to
leave
the
Government
in
the
Queen's
Hands
during
his
Absence
;
and
accordingly
before
his
Departure
an
Act
was
passed
to
that
Purpose
.
And
the
King
of
Denmark
at
this
time
assisted
the
King
with
6000
Danish
Soldiers
,
under
the
Leading
of
the
Duke
of
Wirtemburg
,
who
did
notable
Service
.
Charlemont
having
been
straightly
Blocked
up
,
Capitulated
;
and
other
places
were
Reduced
by
Force
.
And
now
the
King
having
settled
Affairs
in
England
,
left
White-Hall
on
the
4th
June
,
and
on
the
14th
Landed
at
Carickfergus
in
Ireland
and
hastened
to
order
the
Army
,
and
Marching
to
the
Newry
,
had
News
that
the
Enemy
having
set
Fire
to
their
Straw
,
had
Decamped
,
and
quitted
that
strong
Post
.
This
at
first
scarce
gained
Credit
,
but
Scouts
being
sent
out
,
and
the
Report
confirmed
,
the
King
changed
his
March
,
and
sent
Orders
to
the
Forces
at
Armagh
and
Fevergee
to
march
by
the
great
Roads
towards
Dundalk
,
in
which
some
of
our
Men
fell
into
an
Ambush
of
the
Enemy
,
but
behaved
themselves
with
that
Courage
and
Bravery
,
that
most
of
them
got
off
,
having
slain
the
Commander
and
brought
away
his
Horse
;
and
the
King
marched
towards
Drogheda
,
where
he
found
the
Enemy
Encamped
along
the
River
Boyn
,
above
the
Town
;
and
as
he
was
viewing
them
,
a
Six-pounder
grazed
on
his
Shoulder
,
which
only
rased
the
Skin
;
but
as
soon
as
it
was
Dressed
,
he
took
Horse
and
Commanded
Count
Solmes
to
find
out
a
Ford
above
the
Enemy
,
and
pass
the
River
,
which
he
Successfully
did
;
and
obliged
those
that
Guarded
it
,
after
a
hot
Dispute
to
retire
:
And
upon
notice
of
this
,
the
whole
Army
passed
at
other
Fords
,
the
Foot
wading
,
some
to
the
Arm-pits
,
sustaining
all
the
Enemies
Fire
,
and
not
returning
it
till
they
came
close
up
with
them
,
and
falling
furiously
on
,
soon
gave
them
a
general
Rout
;
but
in
this
Encounter
Duke
Schomberg
and
Dr.
Walker
,
late
of
London-Derry
,
were
Kill'd
,
and
about
300
of
lesser
Note
,
on
our
Part
:
The
Enemy
lost
3000
,
and
were
pursued
4
Miles
;
and
upon
this
Defeat
Drogheda
Surrendred
,
and
K.
James
with
part
of
his
broken
Army
hasted
to
Dublin
,
and
from
thence
he
went
to
Waterford
,
where
soon
after
he
took
Ship
and
Sailed
for
France
;
and
the
King
of
England
coming
to
Dublin
,
was
received
with
all
imaginable
Demonstrations
of
Joy
;
and
a
great
many
Protestants
who
had
been
Imprisoned
,
were
set
at
Liberty
,
the
Papists
disarmed
,
and
the
Affairs
in
those
Parts
settled
,
and
many
places
that
stood
out
,
Surrendred
.
The
Brass
and
Copper
Money
K.
James
had
Coined
,
as
passable
in
that
Kingdom
,
was
called
in
,
or
set
at
the
Value
of
the
Metal
only
:
Sheriffs
appointed
,
and
the
Face
of
Justice
restored
.
Whilst
these
things
were
doing
beyond
the
Seas
,
an
Engagement
happened
between
the
English
and
French
off
Beachy
,
viz.
on
June
30.
in
which
the
Dutch
Squadron
being
forward
to
gain
the
Weather-Gage
of
the
Enemy
,
received
great
Loss
,
many
of
them
being
Burnt
,
or
so
shattered
that
after
the
Fight
they
fell
into
the
Hands
of
the
Enemy
;
the
English
red
Squadron
not
coming
up
,
as
was
expected
;
for
which
Miscarriage
our
Admiral
,
the
Earl
of
Torrington
,
was
Tryed
,
but
acquitted
;
and
after
the
Fight
,
the
French
insulted
our
Coasts
,
burning
Tingmouth
a
Vi●●age
of
Fishers
Cots
,
and
doing
some
other
Damage
;
after
which
they
retired
to
their
own
Coast
;
and
one
Godfrey
Cross
,
an
Inn-keeper
in
Kent
,
for
going
on
Board
the
Enemy
,
and
giving
Intelligence
,
was
afterward
Try'd
,
Condemned
,
and
Executed
near
St.
Thomas's
Waterings
,
in
the
Kentish-road
from
London
.
And
this
Year
the
King
besieged
Lymerick
in
Ireland
;
but
by
reason
of
the
Strength
of
the
Place
,
advancing
of
the
Season
,
and
great
Rains
that
over-flowed
the
River
Shannon
,
on
which
it
is
seated
,
having
in
vain
summoned
it
,
he
drew
off
,
and
returned
to
England
.
But
our
Fleet
standing
to
that
Coast
,
and
the
Earl
of
Marlborough
on
board
it
,
with
considerable
Land-Forces
,
and
joyned
upon
Landing
by
part
of
the
Army
already
there
,
they
took
Cork
and
Kinsale
with
little
Loss
;
at
the
Siege
of
the
first
,
the
Noble
Duke
of
Grafton
,
amongst
others
,
pressing
too
forwards
on
the
Works
,
was
Slain
by
a
small
Shot
.
A
Plot
was
soon
after
Discovered
to
have
set
the
City
of
Dublin
on
Fire
,
and
in
that
Hurry
to
have
fallen
on
the
King
'
Forces
in
Garison
there
,
and
by
a
miserable
Slaughter
to
have
Surprized
it
;
but
some
Letters
intimating
the
Intention
,
being
found
by
the
Care
of
the
Lord
Sidney
and
Conningsby
,
whom
the
King
had
appointed
Lords-Justices
;
the
Mischief
was
prevented
,
by
securing
Suspected
Persons
.
And
now
the
Parliament
of
England
waited
on
the
King
with
their
humble
Addresses
of
Thanks
for
the
great
Things
he
had
done
for
these
Kingdoms
,
and
to
Congratulate
his
happy
Return
and
Success
;
and
the
King
was
not
slow
by
Marks
of
Honour
and
Promotion
,
to
Gratify
those
that
had
well-behaved
themselves
in
the
Service
;
and
among
others
,
Coll.
Cuts
was
Created
Baron
of
Gowran
in
the
Kingdom
of
Ireland
;
he
also
appointed
his
Privy
Council
there
,
and
all
other
Officers
of
State
,
Judges
,
and
Magistrates
;
restored
such
as
had
been
outed
,
and
appointed
some
new
Bishops
,
causing
a
Regulation
of
the
Clergy
in
General
.
The
Winter
thus
passing
on
,
the
King
prepared
to
pass
the
Seas
,
to
be
at
the
Congress
of
Princes
and
Embassadors
,
appointed
at
the
Hague
,
to
Concert
the
Measures
for
carrying
on
the
War
against
France
;
and
after
he
had
passed
several
Acts
,
and
Prorogu'd
the
Parliament
,
he
Embarq'd
with
a
splendid
Train
of
Nobility
,
and
with
great
Difficulty
,
by
reason
of
the
Ice
,
it
being
January
,
Landed
near
Maesland-sluys
;
and
being
Complemented
by
the
Deputies
of
the
States
,
passed
to
the
Hague
,
where
the
States
General
and
Council
of
State
,
with
other
Colledges
,
made
their
Complements
to
him
;
as
also
the
Foreign
Ministers
:
and
to
make
his
Reception
the
more
Magnificent
,
three
Triumphal
Arches
were
Erected
,
one
by
the
States-General
,
and
two
by
the
Magistrates
,
with
sundry
Motto's
and
Devices
,
Expressing
the
great
things
he
had
done
and
what
more
Glorious
were
Promised
from
his
Heroick
Virtues
,
too
many
here
to
Enumerate
;
and
in
the
Evening
the
Cannon
,
Illuminations
,
Fire-works
,
and
shouts
of
the
People
,
spoke
more
loudly
the
Welcome
of
a
Prince
that
has
so
well
deserved
of
that
Nation
.
And
at
his
first
appearing
in
the
Assembly
of
the
States-General
,
taking
his
Place
at
the
upper-end
of
the
Table
,
he
with
many
Obliging
Expressions
declared
his
Affections
and
good
Inclinations
to
them
,
in
a
most
Elegant
Speech
;
which
being
deliberated
on
,
the
Heer
Van
Wickers
President
of
the
Assembly
,
in
the
name
of
the
rest
,
made
a
suitable
Answer
,
and
the
Duke
of
Brandenburg
,
and
other
Princes
being
met
,
a
League
and
strict
Amity
was
agreed
on
,
for
restoring
the
Peace
and
Tranquility
of
Europe
,
in
reducing
(
by
Arms
)
the
Grand
Disturber
of
it
to
Reason
,
and
a
Restitution
of
what
he
had
wrongfully
,
either
by
Surprize
,
or
Vioolence
,
taken
from
the
Confederates
:
for
which
War
had
been
Proclaimed
by
them
.
Whilst
the
King
was
thus
busy
beyond
the
Seas
,
some
ill-affected
Persons
were
Designing
at
home
to
betray
our
Strengths
into
the
Hands
of
the
Common
Enemy
,
by
giving
account
of
the
Ports
,
Shipping
,
and
what
else
might
facilitate
an
Invasion
,
and
on
this
account
the
Lord
Preston
,
John
Ashton
and
Edmund
El●ot
,
were
seized
in
a
Smack
,
as
they
were
passing
out
of
the
River
of
Thames
by
Captain
Billop
,
and
Papers
of
Dangerous
Consequence
found
,
with
which
they
were
designed
for
France
;
for
which
the
two
first
being
Tryed
and
found
Guilty
of
High-Treason
,
Ashton
was
Executed
.
The
King
having
appointed
the
Baron
D'
Ginkle
chief
Commander
of
his
Forces
in
Ireland
,
having
received
Supplies
and
Stores
from
England
,
he
besieged
Ballymore
,
which
surrendred
upon
Discretion
:
And
having
Garisoned
it
,
the
Army
marched
,
and
set
down
before
Athlone
,
where
they
had
put
up
French
Colours
to
make
him
believe
the
Garison
mostly
consisted
of
that
Nation
:
However
a
Breach
being
made
,
and
succeeded
by
a
vigorous
Attack
,
the
Base
Town
was
soon
won
,
and
the
other
followed
the
same
Fate
in
a
short
time
,
tho'
their
whole
Army
lay
behind
it
;
and
the
Soldiers
furiously
entring
,
a
great
many
were
put
to
the
Sword
.
This
was
no
sooner
Repaired
and
Garisoned
,
but
the
Army
pursued
the
Retreating
Enemy
,
and
in
a
long-Contested
Battel
at
Aghrim
,
gave
them
a
total
Rout
;
so
that
they
never
considerably
appeared
in
the
Field
after
it
;
St.
Ruth
the
French
General
,
was
slain
with
a
Cannon-shot
at
the
beginning
of
the
Fight
,
and
all
their
Cannon
,
Baggage
,
Ammunition
,
and
Plunder
of
the
Camp
,
fell
to
the
share
of
our
Men.
And
being
Refreshed
,
they
marched
to
Galloway
,
which
place
after
a
considerable
Battery
,
was
Surrendred
on
Articles
,
and
the
Garison
marched
to
Lymerick
,
which
was
the
next
place
besieged
;
but
holding
out
Obstinately
,
and
having
in
it
a
numerous
Garison
,
it
was
thought
fit
after
a
considerable
Siege
,
to
grant
advantagious
Articles
,
and
as
many
as
would
,
had
leave
to
depart
the
Kingdom
.
And
with
this
Town
all
Ireland
was
reduced
;
for
those
few
places
that
held
out
,
Surrendred
mostly
of
their
own
accord
:
And
the
Lieutenant
General
having
settled
the
Affairs
there
,
and
returning
to
England
,
was
by
his
Majesty
Created
Earl
of
Athlone
,
and
highly
Treated
by
the
City
of
London
,
&c.
Whilst
this
time
was
taken
up
in
Reducing
Ireland
,
the
Confederates
imployed
their
Arms
to
recover
the
Towns
the
French
had
taken
in
Flanders
,
&c.
And
the
Duke
of
Brandenburg
was
successful
in
taking
Keyserwart
,
Mentz
,
and
Bon
,
places
of
considerable
Strength
;
and
Prince
Waldeck
fought
the
Mareschal
D'
Humiers
at
Forg
Village
;
where
the
English
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Lord
Marlborough
,
did
Wonders
,
in
stopping
of
the
Torrent
of
the
Enemy
,
who
suppos'd
to
have
Surprized
the
Confederate
Camp
,
killing
a
great
many
of
them
,
and
making
them
Retreat
.
But
the
French
ravaging
the
Palatinate
,
cording
to
their
wonted
Barbarity
,
they
burnt
Newstadt
,
Frankendale
,
Petersham
,
Lambesham
,
Wachenheim
,
Darmstein
,
and
afterward
Spires
,
Worms
,
Heidleberg
,
were
partly
burnt
and
demolished
,
which
hastened
the
King
to
head
the
Army
in
Flanders
.
And
by
this
time
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
took
Carmagnole
,
and
gave
free
Liberty
to
the
Vaudois
to
Live
quietly
under
his
Protection
.
The
King
by
divers
Marches
and
Encampments
,
endeavouring
to
draw
the
French
to
a
Battel
,
possessed
himself
of
Beaumont
in
the
sight
of
their
Army
,
Commanded
by
the
Duke
of
Luxemburg
,
and
demolished
the
Fortifications
,
but
with
the
loss
of
400
men
they
took
Montmelian
;
but
were
beat
out
by
the
Cannon
of
the
Castle
,
which
they
in
vain
for
some
time
had
assaulted
,
and
Prince
Lewis
of
Baden
,
Commanding
the
Emperors
Forces
,
gave
the
Turks
a
great
overthrow
in
Hungary
,
Killing
about
23000
men
,
and
taking
the
greater
part
of
their
Cannon
and
Baggage
.
A
Person
hired
by
the
Duke
of
Luxemburg
to
blow
up
the
King's
Bombs
,
and
fire
the
Ammunition
Waggons
,
being
apprehended
,
and
Confessing
the
Attempt
,
which
only
fir'd
three
Bombs
,
had
his
right
Hand
cut
off
,
then
being
half
Strangled
was
burnt
.
And
as
the
King
was
standing
under
a
Tree
,
to
view
the
Enemy
,
a
singular
hand
of
Providence
appeared
in
his
Preservation
,
for
he
had
no
s●on●r
stepped
aside
to
give
some
Orders
,
but
a
shot
from
a
Cannon
rent
the
Tree
in
the
Place
,
where
a
Minute
before
he
had
stood
.
And
now
the
French
Court
(
which
had
so
often
aimed
at
his
precious
Life
,
and
found
it
difficult
to
be
attempted
in
a
fair
Field
)
practised
with
divers
Villains
to
compass
the
King's
Destruction
by
Treachery
,
to
which
end
the
Sieur
Grandvalle
,
had
received
several
Sums
of
Money
for
encouragement
,
of
the
Marquess
of
Barbesieux
,
the
French
King's
Secretary
;
and
brought
two
others
,
viz.
Dumont
,
and
Leafdale
,
into
the
Conspiracy
,
and
often
they
designed
to
shoot
him
as
he
Rode
out
to
view
the
Troops
;
and
the
Duke
of
Luxemburg
had
Orders
to
send
a
party
of
Horse
to
fetch
them
off
,
when
this
wicked
Deed
should
be
done
,
but
God
prevented
it
by
a
timely
Discovery
:
for
Grandvalle
being
Apprehended
and
Tryed
by
a
Court-Marshal
,
was
on
plain
Proof
and
his
own
Confession
,
found
guilty
of
Treason
;
and
being
Drawn
,
Hang'd
,
and
Quartered
,
his
Head
and
Quarters
were
set
up
on
Poles
without
the
Camp
.
And
now
our
Fleet
under
the
Command
of
Admiral
Russel
,
being
sooner
abroad
than
the
French
expected
,
so
that
on
the
19th
of
May
,
1692
,
the
Admiral
got
sight
of
the
Enemy
about
six
Leagues
from
Cape
Barfleur
,
who
not
thinking
us
so
strong
,
bore
down
upon
him
,
having
the
Weather-Gage
,
the
Wind
at
South-west
;
and
about
Eleven
in
the
Morning
,
Tourville
,
the
French
Admiral
,
engaged
ours
,
who
bore
upon
him
with
the
Red
Squadron
,
and
the
Fight
continued
hot
till
about
three
in
the
Afternoon
,
when
the
French
being
greatly
Shattered
,
stood
away
with
all
the
Sail
they
could
make
,
to
their
own
Coast
;
and
being
closely
pursued
,
the
Blew
Squadron
engaged
them
again
,
about
six
that
Afternoon
;
which
continued
till
ten
at
Night
,
when
they
made
a
retreating
Fight
,
wherein
some
of
their
Ships
blew
up
,
and
others
sunk
;
and
Vice-Admiral
Delaval
,
getting
in
under
Cape
de
Wick
,
with
Light
Frigats
,
Fire-ships
,
and
Armed
Boats
,
in
spite
of
the
Fire
the
Enemy
made
from
their
Ships
,
run
them
on
Ground
.
Capt.
Heath
laid
the
Royal
Sun
of
France
on
board
with
his
Fire-Ship
,
being
a
French
Admiral
of
104
Guns
,
and
burnt
her
.
Capt.
Green
burnt
the
Conquerant
of
102
Guns
,
and
another
of
80
was
burnt
by
the
boats
,
in
which
a
great
many
sick
and
wounded
men
Perished
.
And
Admiral
Russel
sending
Sr
George
Rook
into
La
Hogue
with
light
Frigats
,
Fireships
,
and
Armed
boats
,
he
burnt
6
that
Night
,
and
6
more
the
next
morning
,
3
of
them
being
Three-Deck-ships
,
carrying
from
60
to
70
Guns
;
and
one
of
56
Guns
,
was
overset
and
lost
;
and
others
were
destroyed
in
other
parts
;
so
that
about
21
of
their
biggest
Men
of
War
were
burnt
;
and
of
Crafts
,
Frigats
,
and
Transport-ships
,
30
;
and
this
without
the
loss
of
one
Ship
on
our
part
;
and
this
was
also
done
in
the
sight
of
their
Land-Army
,
drawn
down
on
the
Coast
of
Normandy
,
to
assist
K.
James
in
his
then
Intended
Invasion
of
England
.
And
of
note
on
our
side
were
only
Kill'd
Rear-Admiral
Carter
,
and
Coll.
Hastings
of
the
Marine
Regiment
.
This
Victory
,
as
it
much
amazed
the
French
,
caused
great
Rejoycing
in
England
;
yet
to
repair
the
Disgrace
,
the
Duke
of
Luxemburg
besieged
Namur
,
to
whose
Relief
the
King
prepared
to
March
his
Army
,
but
in
the
mean
while
it
Capitulated
and
Surrendred
;
yet
the
Castle
and
new
Fort
held
out
a
great
while
longer
;
so
that
they
Lost
above
5000
men
in
the
Siege
;
and
the
King
having
often
dared
the
French
to
Battel
in
open
Field
,
&
they
as
often
declining
it
by
Counter-marches
,
and
strong
Encampments
,
he
agreed
to
Attack
them
in
their
Camp
at
Enghein
,
tho'
by
the
narrowness
of
the
ways
,
the
Passage
to
it
was
extream
difficult
.
This
was
vigorously
attempted
and
carryed
on
by
the
English
and
Danes
,
with
such
Courage
and
Bravery
,
that
the
French
at
first
were
beaten
from
Post
to
Post
,
and
we
were
at
the
point
of
forcing
an
entrance
into
their
Camp
,
had
they
been
timely
succoured
by
other
Parties
that
were
appointed
to
sustain
them
,
but
did
not
;
so
that
from
the
Hedges
,
Out-works
,
and
Cannon
advantagiously
plante●
on
the
Hills
,
over-powering
our
Men
,
after
a
hot
Dispute
,
they
found
a
necessity
of
retreating
,
leaving
many
Gallant
Commanders
dead
behind
them
;
tho'
the
Enemy
had
little
cause
to
boast
,
their
whole
Army
narrowly
escaping
an
intire
Defeat
;
and
their
number
of
Men
and
great
Officers
killed
,
wounded
,
and
taken
Prisoners
,
much
exceeding
ours
:
for
10
or
12
of
the
old
Regiments
suffered
extreamly
,
so
that
they
owned
to
lose
500
Officers
,
and
about
5000
private
Soldiers
.
And
soon
after
the
Prince
D'Erichment
fell
on
a
French
Party
sent
out
of
Namur
of
300
Foot
and
200
Dragoons
,
totally
routing
them
,
and
taking
400
Prisoners
;
among
which
were
30
Officers
which
were
carryed
to
Huy
,
and
in
this
Encounter
the
Marquess
De
H●c●uincourt
was
slain
;
and
the
Duke
of
Leinster
arriving
wi●h
fre●h
Supplies
from
England
,
and
being
joyned
by
a
Detachment
from
the
King's
Camp
,
under
the
Command
of
Lieutenant-General
Talmash
,
they
marched
towards
Newport
,
and
4
Regiments
were
sent
to
Possess
themselves
of
Furnes
which
successfuly
they
did
,
and
2000
Pioneers
ordered
to
fortifie
it
,
and
soon
after
Dyxmude
fell
into
our
hands
with
the
Villages
and
dependant
Territories
,
and
several
Skirmishes
happened
with
various
success
to
the
end
of
this
Campaign
.
And
on
the
8th
of
September
1692
an
Earthquake
happened
in
England
giving
2
or
3
Quick
Sho●ks
yet
with
little
harm
,
and
was
felt
almost
at
the
same
time
in
Ireland
,
France
,
Holland
,
Flanders
,
and
other
places
;
it
lasted
about
a
minute
.
The
King
of
England
was
then
in
his
Camp
at
Grammen
in
Flanders
,
Dining
in
an
old
decay'd
house
,
which
shook
very
much
,
and
every
one
apprehend●ng
it
would
fall
,
he
was
Perswaded
to
leave
that
Ruin-threatening-Fabrick
;
but
the
Surprize
was
soon
over
,
and
no
harm
happened
there
.
The
Campaign
now
being
ended
,
the
King
by
the
way
of
Holland
returned
to
England
,
and
found
all
things
peaceable
and
well
Governed
by
the
Queens
prudent
mannagement
,
not
only
in
England
but
in
the
othe●
two
Kingdoms
,
where
War
and
Tumults
ceasing
▪
Trade
began
to
Flourish
.
Whilst
these
things
passed
a
very
great
Fle●t
of
Turkey
and
Streights
Merchants
,
Dutch
and
English
,
set
Sail
richly
Laden
under
a
Convoy
of
Men
of
War
Commanded
by
Sr.
George
Rook
,
and
in
the
Streights
unexpectedly
fell
in
with
the
French
Fleet
:
But
though
our
Ships
fell
into
this
Ambush
,
yet
ours
and
the
Dutch
Men
of
War
,
behaved
themselves
with
such
Conduct
and
Courage
,
as
also
did
the
Merchantmen
,
that
whilst
the
French
were
making
up
and
the
Dispute
lasted
,
most
the
latter
by
running
along
the
Shore
got
into
Harbours
,
and
others
came
back
again
with
Sir
George
,
who
made
a
very
good
Retreat
,
so
that
the
French
got
but
little
;
though
had
they
not
been
over
hasty
in
appearing
,
in
probability
the
greater
part
of
them
might
have
been
Encompassed
by
their
whole
Fleet.
The
King
,
as
is
said
,
being
returned
,
after
Congratulations
,
a
day
of
Thanksgiving
was
appointed
for
Gods
singular
Providence
that
had
protected
him
in
the
greatest
dangers
to
which
he
had
exposed
his
Royal
Person
for
our
Safety
.
The
Winter
was
spent
in
making
Levies
by
Land
and
great
Preparations
at
Sea
.
The
Parliament
chearfully
giving
such
Supplies
as
were
necessary
to
carry
on
the
War
.
Early
in
the
Spring
the
Streights
and
Turkey
Fleet
put
again
to
Sea
,
but
entering
the
Streighte
mouth
,
such
a
violent
Storm
arose
,
as
blew
many
of
the
Ships
cleaverly
out
of
it
,
and
divers
were
Lost
and
much
damaged
,
yet
many
got
safe
to
their
proper
Ports
.
In
March
the
King
passed
over
to
hasten
an
early
Campaign
and
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
being
appointed
Governour
of
Flanders
sent
the
Duke
of
Arco
to
Complement
him
on
his
arrival
;
and
Parties
being
abroad
,
divers
Skirmishes
and
Bickerings
happened
with
various
Success
in
a
village
called
Malterne
100
Newburghers
took
80
French
Prisoners
of
War
and
brought
them
with
their
Arms
,
Horse
,
and
Baggage
to
the
general
Rendesvouz
.
However
they
sent
an
Army
to
Ravage
the
Palatinate
,
and
burnt
divers
places
of
note
;
and
to
divert
the
Spanish
Forces
in
Flanders
,
a
vigorous
War
was
pushed
on
in
Catalonia
,
the
Duke
D'
Nouailles
Commanding
in
chief
;
but
met
there
with
many
Disapointments
by
our
main
Fleet
's
appearing
on
the
Coast
,
yet
drawing
off
a
part
of
the
Army
for
that
Service
.
The
Duke
of
Wirtemburg
with
a
considerable
Body
of
Horse
and
Foot
forced
the
Enemies
Lines
,
and
Entering
French
Flanders
,
for
several
Miles
put
the
Country
under
Contribution
,
raising
a
Million
of
Livres
taking
in
divers
small
places
,
and
much
Booty
.
This
Constrained
the
Duke
of
Luxemburg
,
General
for
the
French
King
,
to
Endeavour
by
one
Exploit
or
other
to
draw
him
back
,
and
first
with
50
Squadrons
of
Horse
and
ten
Battallions
of
Foot
,
and
some
Field-pieces
,
he
attempted
to
fall
on
a
part
of
the
Garison
of
Liege
and
Maestrich
,
being
about
18
squadrons
of
Horse
and
some
Regiments
of
Foot
Commanded
by
Count
Tilly
,
but
upon
notice
retired
over
the
River
Sare
,
Leaving
three
Squadrons
to
secure
his
Retreat
,
which
beat
back
the
French
advanced
parties
.
But
this
was
only
as
a
Forerunner
to
greater
Action
;
for
the
King
Marching
to
releive
Huy
,
had
notice
in
his
way
of
it's
surrender
,
and
thereupon
Strengthening
the
Garison
of
Liege
Marched
near
Hespan
,
and
halted
to
get
Intelligence
of
the
Enemies
further
design
;
and
some
hours
after
had
notice
they
appeared
from
the
high
Grounds
of
St.
Gertruden-Landen
;
so
that
upon
notice
from
the
Scouts
that
it
was
the
Vaunt-Guard
of
their
Army
,
all
things
were
ordered
to
Receive
them
,
if
they
adventured
to
make
any
attempt
;
which
they
soon
after
did
,
and
a
terrible
fight
ensued
,
which
lasted
from
Sun-rising
to
Sun
setting
;
in
this
Battel
the
King
was
in
all
parts
,
giving
the
necessary
Orders
,
and
acted
the
part
not
only
of
a
brave
General
,
but
also
of
a
Couragious
Captain
;
but
in
the
Conclusion
,
the
Confederate
Army
,
being
over-powered
by
Numbers
,
the
French
being
80000
and
the
Confederate
but
40000
;
they
were
forced
to
retire
,
and
left
the
French
Masters
of
the
Field
,
tho'
their
loss
was
more
than
that
of
the
Confederates
.
Such
another
Encounter
the
French
made
in
Savoy
,
where
Monsieur
Catinat
Commanded
for
France
,
in
which
the
Duke
of
Schomberg
fighting
Valiantly
at
the
Head
of
his
Battalion
,
was
slain
,
and
the
Savoyards
compelled
to
leave
the
field
;
but
the
French
notwithstanding
this
Success
found
themselves
in
so
bad
a
Condition
,
that
being
compelled
to
pass
the
Mountains
very
late
,
for
Recruits
and
Supplies
of
Necessaries
,
abundance
of
them
were
lost
in
the
Snow
and
deep
Pits
,
with
Carriages
and
Cannon
.
Tho'
the
French
on
these
Occasions
boasted
of
some
Success
by
Land
,
their
Naval
Forces
,
since
the
last
Overthrow
,
were
but
slenderly
Recruited
;
and
Admiral
Russel
having
notice
by
a
Swede
there
was
a
great
Fleet
in
Conquet-Bay
,
Laden
with
Corn
,
and
Naval
Stores
,
sent
Capt.
Pickard
with
another
Man
of
War
,
and
a
Fire-ship
,
to
get
an
account
of
them
;
which
struck
such
a
Terror
,
they
supposing
these
Ships
the
Vaunt-Guard
of
our
main
Fleet
,
that
cutting
their
Cables
,
they
run
on
the
Flats
and
Rocks
,
into
our
Hands
,
others
sunk
by
the
Shot
,
so
that
there
were
computed
about
50
Sail
to
have
been
Lost
;
and
soon
after
the
Admiral
had
Orders
to
joyn
the
Spanish
Fleet
on
the
Coast
of
Catalonia
,
to
prevent
the
French
Designs
on
that
side
;
which
brought
such
a
Terror
on
the
French
main
Fleet
under
the
Command
of
Monsieur
Torville
,
that
he
immediately
got
into
Thoulon
,
and
there
lay
penn'd
up
,
not
daring
to
stir
till
the
English
Fleet
returned
.
Being
in
those
parts
they
brought
a
Terror
on
Argeirs
,
and
other
Pyratical
Governments
,
so
that
they
sent
their
Submissions
,
and
appeared
very
desirous
to
be
at
Peace
with
England
.
However
a
sufficient
Squadron
being
left
in
the
narrow
Seas
,
Commanded
by
the
Lord
Berkly
,
he
attempted
the
French
Coast
,
and
Landed
some
Men
at
Cammaret-Bay
,
under
Lieutenant-General
Talmash
,
but
they
had
drawn
thither
such
great
Bodies
of
Horse
and
Foot
strongly
Intrenched
,
that
the
English
with
some
Loss
were
constrained
to
retire
;
in
this
Action
the
Lieutenant-General
received
a
Wound
in
the
Thigh
with
a
Musket-shot
,
and
Dyed
of
it
at
Plymouth
greatly
Lamented
,
as
being
an
expert
and
Generous
Commander
.
But
for
this
Disappointment
not
giving
over
,
they
stood
in
before
Diep
,
and
laid
that
Famous
Town
in
Ashes
,
and
then
throwing
in
about
250
Bombs
into
Havre-de-Grace
,
fir'd
a
great
part
of
it
,
and
afterward
Bombed
St.
Maloes
,
and
Callis
,
and
sent
in
Machines
to
blow
up
the
Works
,
guarding
the
Entrance
of
Dunkirk
Harbour
:
which
had
some
,
tho'
not
the
wished
Effect
:
And
so
Sailing
along
the
Coast
of
France
,
brought
such
a
Terror
every
where
,
that
they
were
forced
Night
and
Day
to
be
on
their
Guard
.
The
King
in
this
Year
169●
,
labouring
by
the
often
moving
his
Camp
to
bring
the
French
to
battle
,
but
not
able
to
do
it
,
caused
Huy
to
be
Besieged
,
which
with
little
resistance
he
took
and
Garisoned
;
and
the
Prince
of
●aden
with
the
Saxon
and
German
Troops
passing
the
Rhine
,
cut
off
divers
in
the
Rear
of
the
French
Army
it
retiring
before
him
;
so
that
he
raised
Contributions
and
returned
unopposed
;
and
after
this
on
all
hands
the
French
parties
Scouting
abroad
,
were
mostly
de●ea●ed
by
the
Confederates
,
killed
and
taken
Prisoners
,
bringing
in
great
Booties
of
Cattle
,
&c.
And
whilst
the
French
advanced
somewhat
near
the
City
of
Leige
;
the
Garison
Sallyed
,
and
took
between
7
and
800
Horse
,
entirely
defeating
two
Squadrons
of
their
forrage
Guards
.
These
and
the
like
matters
ending
this
Campaign
,
the
King
returned
,
and
was
Welcomed
home
with
the
Universal
joy
of
his
People
.
But
all
their
joy
was
soon
turned
into
Mourning
:
For
the
Queen
fell
sick
at
Kensington
on
the
22
of
December
1694
,
and
in
a
little
time
her
Distemper
was
known
to
be
the
small
Pox
,
a
distemper
Fatal
to
the
Royal
Family
;
of
which
on
the
28th
she
Dyed
,
in
the
33d
Year
of
her
Age
,
and
in
the
Flower
of
her
Strength
and
Beauty
,
to
the
great
affliction
of
the
King
and
three
Kingdo●●
she
lay
a
considerable
time
in
State
,
and
then
was
Interred
among
her
Roy●●
Ancestors
in
Henry
the
7th's
Chappel
at
Westminster
with
a
most
Solemn
Funeral
Pomp
,
a
Stately
Mausoleum
was
Erected
in
the
Abbey
,
whereon
very
remarkably
a
Robin-Redbreast
for
many
weeks
usually
sat
Singing
.
Not
only
the
English
Court
,
but
most
in
Christendom
,
went
into
the
deepest
Mourning
,
and
Condoleances
were
made
not
only
by
the
Parliament
,
but
the
Foreign
Ministers
,
&c.
The
Clouds
of
sorrow
being
a
little
blown-over
,
the
King
considering
of
his
weighty
affairs
abroad
,
appointed
7
Able
Ministers
of
State
,
Lords
Justices
in
his
absence
,
to
administer
affairs
of
Government
,
and
having
settled
all
things
to
the
best
advantage
,
passed
to
the
Army
in
Flanders
which
drawing
into
the
Field
very
Numerous
Marched
towards
the
strong
Town
of
Namure
,
Situate
on
the
Muse
and
Sambre
,
and
after
a
Vigorous
Seige
,
carried
on
by
the
King
with
all
Imaginable
Bravery
and
Gallantry
,
tho'
Marshal
Bouflers
had
thrown
himself
into
the
Town
;
and
even
in
the
fight
of
Vineroy
,
at
the
head
of
an
Army
of
an
Hundred
Thousand
Men
,
first
the
Town
,
and
afterwards
the
Castle
was
compelled
to
Surrender
to
the
King
.
This
tedious
Siege
in
a
manner
ended
the
Campaign
,
so
that
little
else
of
moment
happened
,
the
French
altogether
declining
a
Battle
,
and
the
King
having
settled
Affairs
,
upon
his
return
made
a
Progress
through
most
parts
of
England
.
The
Parliament
being
dissolved
,
a
New
one
was
called
,
and
meeting
among
other
things
,
particularly
upon
the
King
's
Recommending
that
Important
affair
to
them
at
the
opening
of
the
Sessions
,
took
into
Consideration
the
State
and
badness
of
the
Coyn
,
and
coming
to
a
result
,
an
Act
passed
for
calling
in
the
Clipped
Money
,
and
Re-coyning
it
in
Mill'd
Money
,
according
to
the
true
Weight
&
Standar●
and
Mints
were
set
up
in
divers
parts
of
the
Kingdom
for
the
better
ordering
a
speedy
supply
of
it
in
every
part
of
the
Nation
.
Whilst
these
things
were
doing
,
make
things
happy
and
easy
to
us
,
our
Enemies
were
contriving
our
utter
destruction
,
divers
were
sent
from
France
,
to
joyn
with
those
already
here
,
and
one
of
the
most
wicked
Conspiracies
contrived
,
and
a
long
time
secretly
carried
on
,
that
any
Age
has
known
,
or
History
made
mention
of
;
for
whilst
a
Design
was
laid
in
the
French
Court
to
invade
the
Kingdom
,
their
Emmissaries
here
were
framing
a
Design
to
destroy
the
King's
Life
,
by
a
villanous
Assassination
,
and
Sir
George
Barclay
brings
over
a
Commission
to
encourage
them
in
it
:
The
Conspirators
,
many
in
Number
,
had
divers
Meetings
,
sometimes
at
one
Capt.
Porter's
Lodgings
,
and
others
at
the
Nagg's-Head
in
Govent-Garden
,
and
in
Leaden-Ha●●-Street
,
at
the
Sun
in
the
Strand
,
the
blew-posts
in
Old-Spring-Garden
,
in
Pickadilly
,
and
other
places
and
several
Persons
as
a
Committee
from
their
Body
,
were
appointed
,
as
Knightly
,
Porter
,
King
,
&c.
to
view
the
Ground
,
in
the
King's
passage
to
Richmond
,
a
place
he
usually
Frequented
,
to
acquaint
the
rest
which
was
the
most
Convenient
place
to
set
upon
him
in
his
Coach
,
and
cut
him
off
;
and
accordingly
they
viewed
the
Avennues
about
Brentford
,
Richmond
,
&c.
and
concluded
on
the
Narrow-lane
between
Brentford
and
Turnham-Green
,
was
the
most
convenient
to
do
it
in
,
where
the
Guards
could
pass
but
●ew
a
Breast
;
and
with
this
,
upon
their
return
,
they
acquainted
Sir
George
Barclay
,
Sir
William
Parkyns
,
Robert
Charnock
,
and
others
,
who
approved
it
.
The
Design
thus
laid
,
they
●ex●
Consulted
in
what
manner
it
should
be
done
,
and
came
to
a
Result
that
one
Party
with
7
or
8
chosen
Men
should
Assassinate
the
King
in
his
Coach
,
whilst
two
other
Parties
attacked
the
Guards
,
their
Number
in
all
being
upwards
of
Forty
;
and
the
15th
of
February
1695
,
being
Saturday
,
a
day
the
King
usually
went
a
Hunting
that
way
,
was
the
first
appointed
time
;
and
they
prepared
for
it
accordingly
:
But
Providence
so
Ordered
it
that
he
went
not
abroad
that
Day
,
of
which
they
had
notice
from
〈◊〉
two
Orderly
Men
,
as
they
stiled
them
,
viz.
Durance
and
Chambers
,
who
●●y
at
Kensington
concealed
for
that
Purpose
.
Then
they
had
other
Meetings
upon
it
,
and
appointed
to
be
in
a
Readiness
the
Saturday
following
,
and
met
accordingly
,
and
were
setting
out
,
when
again
they
had
Notice
the
same
hand
of
Providence
had
Disappointed
them
.
This
startled
them
into
new
Fears
that
their
wicked
Design
had
taken
Air
,
especially
upon
notice
the
King
's
going
abroad
was
suddenly
put
off
,
and
the
Guards
were
come
back
in
haste
,
their
Horses
Foaming
,
and
Keys
,
one
of
the
Conspirators
heard
them
Mutter
something
which
gave
him
and
the
rest
a
Jealousy
to
mistrust
a
Discovery
was
made
,
as
indeed
Providence
had
Ordered
it
;
whereupon
they
Dispersed
and
gave
over
the
Design
.
For
Capt.
Pendergrass
being
acquainted
with
this
bloody
Design
from
Capt.
Porter
,
about
the
13th
of
February
,
at
the
Plew-Posts
in
Spring-Garden
,
and
struck
with
Horrour
at
so
Stupendious
a
Wickedness
,
acquainted
the
Earl
of
Portland
with
it
,
intreating
him
to
Discover
it
to
the
King
,
which
he
did
;
and
Pendergrass
was
thereupon
introduced
by
him
to
the
King
in
his
Closet
,
where
he
opened
the
nature
of
the
Conspiracy
,
with
the
Circumstances
,
but
was
a
long
time
pressed
to
it
before
he
would
name
the
Conspirators
,
which
at
last
he
did
,
under
Promise
he
should
not
be
brought
in
for
a
Witness
,
unless
he
would
voluntarily
do
it
.
This
was
seconded
and
confirmed
by
Monsieur
De
la
Rue
,
who
was
introduced
to
the
King
by
Brigadier
Lewson
,
who
gave
in
the
Names
of
those
he
knew
:
And
much
about
the
same
time
came
Expresses
from
the
Duke
of
Wirtemburg
,
that
the
French
Forces
to
the
number
of
22000
,
were
drawn
down
to
Callis
,
Dunkirk
,
and
other
Sea-ports
,
where
there
lay
about
500
Transport-ships
,
and
a
great
many
Men
of
War
to
conduct
them
for
their
Landing
in
England
with
the
first
fair
Wind
,
with
the
late
K.
James
at
the
head
of
them
.
The
Duke
of
Berwick
had
been
in
England
,
and
was
returned
with
an
account
of
what
Pre●arations
their
Friends
were
making
here
for
their
Reception
,
which
made
the
French
King
say
,
he
never
knew
a
Design
more
fairly
laid
,
for
assurance
of
Success
;
and
his
Ministers
bragged
of
it
in
Foreign
Courts
.
And
indeed
a
great
part
of
the
Fleet
did
put
to
Sea
,
before
we
had
Notice
of
them
;
but
were
driven
back
by
contrary
Winds
,
and
then
lay
expecting
the
Sign
at
●●ver-Clifts
that
King
William
was
Assassinated
;
and
it
was
given
out
in
France
,
that
he
was
drawing
towards
his
end
,
and
that
they
wondered
that
they
heard
not
of
his
Death
:
At
other
timer
times
it
was
said
he
was
Kill'd
a
Hunting
,
&c.
which
makes
it
plain
their
intended
Invasion
depended
chiefly
on
their
intenced
Assassination
;
for
K.
William
alive
to
face
them
at
the
Head
of
his
victorious
Troops
that
had
often
beat
them
at
their
own
Doors
,
they
could
have
little
Hopes
to
prevail
;
but
they
on
the
other
hand
expected
to
find
us
all
in
Confusion
,
as
they
gave
it
out
we
were
,
if
the
Assassination
had
taken
;
but
were
strangely
startled
when
they
saw
Admiral
Russel
with
about
60
Men
of
War
blocking
up
their
Harbours
,
and
threatning
to
burn
them
with
his
Fire-ships
,
which
constrained
the
Land-forces
to
Disimbark
,
and
at
length
with
Shame
,
Lo●s
,
and
excessive
Charge
,
gave
over
their
Enterprize
,
which
the
French
thought
before
so
easy
,
that
they
said
,
K.
James
was
not
coming
to
invade
England
,
but
to
take
the
quiet
possession
of
his
Throne
;
and
the
〈◊〉
King
had
sent
him
large
Bundles
of
plausible
Declarations
to
be
dispersed
at
his
Landing
,
with
a
Promise
to
supply
him
with
more
Troops
as
he
saw
Occa●●o●
and
Scotland
as
well
as
E●gland
was
to
have
been
invaded
.
Whilst
these
things
were
doing
beyond
the
Seas
,
divers
of
the
Conspirators
were
Seized
here
,
and
imprison●●
before
the
King
put
out
his
Proclamation
,
as
Char●ock
,
Bartram
,
●rime●
,
Anbury
and
others
;
and
the
King
going
to
the
House
of
Peers
,
and
sen●●i●g
for
the
Commons
,
acquainted
them
with
the
Conspiracy
and
intended
invasion
:
Whereupon
they
Congratulated
his
Safety
,
and
declared
their
Abhorrance
of
the
Villanous
and
Barbarous
Design
,
Solemnly
Promising
to
assist
him
to
the
utmost
against
the
Late
King
,
and
De●●●
his
Royal
Person
against
all
his
Enemies
;
and
if
he
should
come
by
a
Violent
Death
,
(
which
God
forbid
)
to
Revenge
it
upon
the
Papists
,
and
soon
after
entred
into
an
Association
to
the
same
Purpose
;
as
since
all
the
Cities
and
Corporations
,
&c.
in
his
Dominions
have
done
;
Expresses
were
sent
immediately
away
to
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
,
the
Sea
ports
stopped
,
and
all
Suspected
Persons
with
their
Horses
and
Arms
secured
;
and
an
Act
passed
for
the
continuing
the
sitting
o●
the
Parliament
,
if
the
King
should
chance
to
Dye
,
till
the
next
Heir
in
Succession
should
come
to
the
Crown
to
Dissolve
it
.
Thus
things
being
pretty
well
secured
,
and
the
King's
Proclamation
out
for
the
Apprehending
divers
of
the
Con●pirators
by
Name
,
and
1000l
.
Reward
with
Pardon
for
such
as
should
come
in
Voluntarily
and
make
Discovery
,
most
of
them
that
were
known
to
be
in
it
were
Apprehended
.
On
the
11th
of
March
,
Robert
Char●ock
,
Edward
King
,
and
Thomas
Keys
,
were
Tryed
at
the
Old-Bailey
on
a
special
〈◊〉
,
and
upon
full
Evidence
being
found
Guilty
,
they
received
Sentence
as
●●
Case
or
High-Treason
,
and
on
the
18th
were
drawn
to
Tyburn
and
there
Hang'd
and
Quartered
,
Charnock
and
King
boldly
Confessing
it
in
the
Papers
they
left
,
and
Keys
made
no
Denyal
of
it
.
The
next
was
Sir
John
Friend
,
a
Brewer
in
the
Minories
,
he
took
his
Tryal
for
High-Treason
at
the
Old-Bailey
,
and
being
found
Guilty
,
as
was
also
the
next
Day
Sir
William
Parkyns
,
both
of
them
received
Sentence
as
the
fore-going
;
and
at
their
Execution
,
owned
the
Fact
in
General
,
and
many
Particulars
,
and
were
nevertheless
Absolved
by
three
Non-jurant
Parsons
,
for
which
Presumption
two
of
them
were
Committed
,
Tryed
,
and
Fined
.
The
next
that
came
on
the
Stage
for
this
Horrid
Conspiracy
,
were
Ambrose
Rookwood
,
Robert
Lowick
,
and
Charles
Cranburn
;
who
were
Tryed
at
the
King's-Bench-Bar
at
Westminster
,
April
,
21
,
22.
for
High-Treason
and
the
Fact
being
plain
,
they
were
found
Guilty
,
and
received
Sentence
;
and
according
to
it
they
were
Drawn
,
Hang'd
,
and
Quarter'd
:
Cramburn
and
Rookwood
Confess'd
what
was
Sworn
against
them
;
and
Lowick
said
,
he
would
willingly
have
assisted
King
James
,
had
he
Landed
.
The
Heads
and
Quarters
of
these
,
and
the
others
Executed
,
were
set
on
the
Gates
of
the
City
,
as
terrible
Examples
of
Offended
Justice
.
Two
more
were
also
brought
to
Justice
on
this
Account
,
viz.
Mr.
Peter
Cook
,
and
Capt.
Knightly
;
the
first
found
Guilty
upon
a
long
hearing
,
and
the
latter
Pleaded
Guilty
to
the
Indictment
,
and
both
receiving
Sentence
,
have
hitherto
found
sparing
Mercy
.
Things
being
at
this
pass
,
the
King
having
given
Audience
to
the
Venetian
Ambassadors
,
who
passed
through
London
in
great
State
,
and
dismissed
them
;
Prorogued
the
Parliament
,
and
leaving
the
management
of
Affairs
in
the
hands
of
the
Lords
Justices
,
went
to
the
Army
in
Flanders
,
And
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
contrary
to
the
Mind
of
the
Confederates
,
clapped
up
a
Peace
with
France
:
No
Memorable
Transaction
,
except
a
Battel
between
the
E●ector
of
Saxony
,
and
the
Turks
in
Hungary
,
has
hitherto
happened
as
to
this
Campaign
,
and
Peace
more
than
War
,
is
at
present
the
common
Discourse
.
And
thus
have
I
brought
down
this
History
to
the
Year
of
our
LORD
1696
,
being
the
Eighth
Year
of
the
Reign
of
his
most
Excellent
Majesty
,
King
WILLIAM
the
Third
,
whom
God
grant
Long
to
Reign
.