HIs second Chapter begins with the distinction of Heresie and Schisme ; concerning which , what he hath said is true , but yet he hath omitted some part of the truth which was necessary to be told . Wherefore let him but take along with him , that not only Schisme is a dissenting from Authority , and Heresie , an introducing a false doctrine into the Church ; but also C. 2. S. 1. that all heresie ( which it concerns his cause to be willing to pretermit ) must necessarily include Schisme , and we shall not fall out about this point : For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying electio , that is , a chusing to onesself some private opinion contrary to the commonly ▪ received Doctrine of the Church , it follows , that by every Heresie the Church is truely wounded and rent asunder , the proper effect of Schisme . So that , to conserve her self in her primogenial integrity , when shee sees that pertinacity hath throughly and irrecoverably corrupted such a member , she is obliged even in charity , as well as justice to cut it off , ne pars sincer a trahatur .

His next Observation is an Eagle ey'd Criticisme about the passive vetb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which he ● . 2 : ● . 2. will have to signifie reciprocal action , and passion from and upon himself , and to answer to the Hebrew Hithpael ; which he tels you , he could largely exemplifie in the use of other words . But first , if we may have leave to criticize upon so acute a Critick , since it is only for want of conjugations ( as he saies ) designed to supply the place of the Hebrew Hithpael ; how knows he it must necessarily supply that place here ? since 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and its fellows coming from perfect actives , must in the first place have a signification perfectly passive ; and so , only for want of Conjugations , be translated upon occasion to signifie the neutropassive . So that all the Doctors Criticisme ( at the best ) is come to this , that the Verbe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 may be capable of such a signification , in which ( though the word did not force it ) he was pleased without any end or necessity , but only to shew his art , to take it at this time . Secondly , though in the Hebrew Language the Voyces and Conjugations be jumbled , and therefore the Grammarians admit there eight Conjugations , whereas in reality there is but one , and rather eight Votes , as the said Grammarians affirm ; yet it is certain and evident to every School-boy , that in the Latine and Greek Tongues , Voyces and Conjugations are things distinct , and of a farr different nature . The former alluding chiefly to the sence and signification of the word ; as appears in our active , passive , &c. the latter being taken from some diversitie in the letters of the word ; which in the Greek is the characteristical letter , in the Latine , some long or short , letter or syllable correspondent , and fit to cause , by a constantly-divers manner of varying a distinction in the Conjugation . Now comes this Doctor of new Grammar , who hath quite forgot his accidence , and tels us , a passive verbe must have a neuter signification for want of Conjugations ; as if vapulo and amo could not be of the same conjugation , and yet have a different sence , the one signifying actively , the other neutrally . Thirdly , if Conjugations will do the deed , that is , make the Verb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifie neutrally , I see no reason why the Dr. should complain for want of Conjugations in the Greek Language , there being , more there than in Hebrew . Fourthly , whereas he saith this nice kind of signification is fully exprest by the Latine neutrals , which partake both of active and passive , but are strictly neither ; I conceive the instances of such verbs , as sto and ardeo will best fit his purpose ; the former signifying either , I stand , or , I am standing : the latter , I burn , or , I am burning : and then he need not have run so farre as Hithpael , since the first Conjugation Kal , more properly challenges such kind of absolute or intransitive verbs , as appears by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 stetit , which is of that Conjugation . Fifthly , our Latine neutrals , as such , do not signify reciprocal action or passion fr●om and on himself , though the Dr. saies they fully expresse it ; for we say , Roma ardet , and yet affirm also that the action of that burning came from Nero , and use not to blame Rome that it burnt it self . Sixthly , the Hebrew Hithpael , when it ▪ is not coincident with Kal , or Niphal , ( as sometimes it is ) signifies an express action upon it self , as fully as two words in Latine or Greek can render it ; insomuch as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 expresse , as perfectly , he delivered over himself , as in Greek is denoted by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or in Latine by tradidit seipsum ; and then I would know where the Doctor , among all his critical observations , can shew me one Verb in all the Latine or Greek Language to parallel it , or ( as the Doctor expresses it ) that is of the nature of Hithpael . Seventhly , either he meant his Criticisme of the verbal 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ( which seems more likely , it being the word in question ) or of the verb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ; if , of the former , it is most evident to any man that ever saluted Greek , à limine , that those verbals signifie a thing done , in a sence as perfectly passive as can be imagined , without relating at all to the person , or any the least intimation whether the action , which inferr'd that passion , were performed by himself or some others ; as appears by 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , &c. which denote a work done , an Ordinance constituted , without reference to the person that wrought or ordained it . The self-same is visible in our present verbal 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , which signifies a rupture made ; for which reason St. Pauls words ; 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , 1 Cor ▪ 11 : 18 : are rendred in the Latin translation , Audio scissuras in vobis esse ; which scissure or rupture signifies most perfectly a division made , passively ; not , as the Doctor would have it , a reciprocal action or passion from and on himself ; since a rupture is equally called a rupture , whoever it be that makes it . But if the Doctor means the Verb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ▪ then I desire to know where he reads that passives in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 forming verbals in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , are used in his sence upon the account of being such passives . Indeed it may happen , and does often , that a Verb in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hath a neuter signification , and consequently is used in a neuter sence ; but that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a Verb perfectly passive , coming from a perfect active ( and consequently that all passive Greek verbs ) should be observable to be of the nature ( as he saies ) of the Hebrew Hithpael , is such an observation as none could ever before discern but Doctor Hammond ; who , both here , and all over his Book , by much hending his sight , creates objects at pleasure , o● else by an extraordinary faculty sees things tha● are not ; no not even so much as in their cause●… Lastly , whereas the word was out of controversie between us , and good enough before he medled with it , he has made it by his unnecessary scruing it , speak perfect nonsence ; as is manifest by the plain link of consequences which evidently follow out of the nice sence , which maugre all Grammar , he will needs give it . Fo● ( that I may be allowed to speak rigorously and critically when I am examining a Criticisme ) if it signifie reciprocal action or passion , it must signifie an act of dividing , exercised upon himself who therefore is the thing divided ; and since , divisio est motus ab unitate ad pluralitatem ; division i● a progress or motion from unity to plurality , its proper and formal effect is to make that which it works upon more of one ; but that which it works upon ( saith the Doctor ) is himself the Schismatick ; therefore it cuts the Schismatick in two , and either kils or mangles him , as the Critick pleases . See to what a pittifull case the Doctors acuteness hath brought a poor Schismatick , from the too quaint notation of the killing letter of the Hithpael-like verb 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 !

I crave the Readers pardon for transgressing so long upon his patience to lay open a foolery ; but I did it to the intent Mr. Dr. and his friends may see how ridiculous , and sometimes unsecure a thing it is to stand shewing ones skill in Grammar , or letting the world see they understand a little Greek and Hebrew , or interlarding their discourse with so many scraps of exotick languages to amuse the vulgar ; and in the mean time very little , and very weakly to close with their adversary in the point in controversie with rigorous discourses , solid , pregnant , and convincing reasons , only which ( and not Greek and Criticisms ) are expected in so grave , and concerning a Treatise . But the former impertinences , with sayings indifferent to both parts , intermingled with some few glean'd citations , and blind stories , sawced with some pretty expressions , sugar'd over with Scripture-phrase , and then dish'd up handsomly with the help of a learned distinction , will serve to make up several paragraphs ; Paragraphs , Chapters ; Chapters , a Book : Iamque opus exegi , &c. and the work is done , which if none thinks worth the pains of a reply ( all the substantial part being already confuted an hundred times over , and only the cooking it up changed ) presently with the loudest Trumpet of Fame it is proclaimed unanswerable ( as this book hath been ) and hath a solemn triumph sounded in its behalf , whereas only its contemptibleness made it victorious .

But to proceed ; all he concludes from his C. 2 : S. 2 : Criticism is this , that Schisme is a voluntary recession from the Church : and might not plain sence have told us this without critically straining and spoiling a word to prove it from Grammar ? For , what man in his wits could possibly imagin , Schisme being such an horrid sinne , that one might perhaps fall into it , whether he would or no , and so become a Schismatick against his will . There needs neither Greek nor Hebrew to understand this : Every child knows by the very first principles of Nature that no man sins , if he cannot help it . Yet Mr. Hammond goes on a whole leaf , and with most potent Argument● overthrows that which would fall of it self ( like him that all-to-be-bang'd the dead Bear ) not the least hair of an objection bristling it self against him to fright him from his Conquest . He maintains therefore that the actual Excommunication used by the Governors of the Church , is not the crime of Schisme ; as if he should go about to prove that the sentence of a Judge , when he condemns a murderer or a thief , is neither the sin of murder nor the every . For Excommunication ( as all men know ) is the Churches condemnation or punishment of the crime of Schisme , as the Iudges last sentence of death is of the aforesaid delinquencies . Who will not grant him this at the first word ? yet nevertheless he will needs prove it with many .

But Governors ( you say ) being men , may possibly erre , and so censure and excommunicate the innocent . ● . 2. ● . 3. If what you say here , may be , you prove to have been , I shall grant you have acquitted your self well . In the mean time what onely may be , may also not be ; and till such time as you can evidence an immunity from error in the governed , as well as pretend a liableness in the Governors , the whole oeconomy of the world gives it , that the opinion of right shall stand on the Governors side : For surely , the order of the Politick World were a very pitiful slack thing , if every frivolous and probable exception of Subjects , should be held a sufficient cause to break asunder the well compacted Frame , and dissolve the strongest Nerves of a long-setled Government ; even in may-be's , then you are worsted : What will become of you when we come to demonstrate to you hereafter , that however in some private proofs of a particular fact , the Governors may be mistaken , yet in such publick misbehavior , as your few new-fangled Predecessors used , when they opposed themselves to the ever-self-constant Church , it was impossible the Governors should be mistaken in judging you to be truly-named Schismaticks , and consequently did well in treating you accordingly .

That there may be a continuance out of actual C. 2. S. 2 , 3 , 4. Communion without Schism , as also , That unjust Excommunication hurts no man , would have been granted you for one word in plain English , without the citing of so much Greek to so little purpose . Onely we desire you would grant us in recompence , what in all reason is due , That a voluntary continuance in a just Excommunication , makes the thus excommunicated Schismaticks . Which part of the distinction being counterpois'd to those others you mentioned , of actual continuance out of the Church , and unjust Excommunication , hurting no man , and most neerly concerning the Question , being objected by us to be your guilt , whereas the other you treat , are out of controversie between us , it could not stand with the sincere treating a Question , wholly to omit it , and pass it over in silence . But the seeming exactness of your method , can yet easily over-slip that part of the distinction , which sounds dangerously , and is hard to be confuted , though the main of the Question onely stands upon it ; and mention onely that which is easily excused , because none objects it , and very facile to be proved , because none denies it . Scilicet isthuc est sapere ! C. 2. S. 4.

Your other testimonies here alledged , tending onely ( as I conceive ) to prove , That unjust Excommunication hurts no man , are very currant and allowable : And I could have helped you to twenty more as good as these , to the same purpose , some of them In Greek too , which would have made a fine show . Your interpretative C. 2. S. 5. Excommunication runs upon the same strain , and so needs no further Answer , besides that which the following Section affords it .