portrait of Henry VIII
K
HEN:
THE
VIII
portrait of Edward VI
EDW
THE
VI
portrait of Queen Elizabeth I
QUEEN
ELIZAB
portrait of James I
KING
IAMES
portrait of Charles I
K
CHARLES
I
portrait of Charles II
K
CHARLES
II
portrait
Ecclesiastical
HISTORY
EPITOMIZED
CONTAINING
A
Faithful
Account
of
the
BIRTH
LIFE
&
DOCTRINE
,
CRUCIFIXION
&
ASCENSION
of
the
HOLY
IESUS
WITH
The
Lives
of
the
APOSTLES
EVANGELISTS
&
Primitive
FATHERS
&
other
Famous
men
in
the
Christian
Church
both
Antient
&
Modern
who
have
couragiously
confessed
&
suffered
glorious
Martyrdomes
&
Persecutions
under
several
Tyrannical
Governours
both
Heathenish
&
Romish
.
Faithfully
continued
to
the
Reformation
and
since
deduced
to
this
present
age
Carefully
collected
By
:
JS
:
Gent
In
two
Parts
LONDON
Printed
for
W.
Thackery
in
Ducklane
T
Passinger
,
on
London
Bridge
1682.
depiction of Jesus
portrait of saint Peter (the disciple)
St●ETER
portrait of saint Paul
St
PAVL
portrait of saint Simon (the disciple)
●●MON
portrait of disciple
St
…
THIA
portrait of saint Bartholomew (the disciple)
●ARTHOLO●●●
portrait of saint James the Lesser (the disciple)
St
IAMES
MINOR
portrait of saint James the Greater (the disciple)
●AMES
MAIOR
portrait of saint Thomas (the disciple)
〈◊〉
●●HOM
portrait of saint Philip (the disciple)
St
PHILIP
portrait of saint Andrew (the disciple)
St.
ANDREW
portrait of saint John (the disciple)
〈◊〉
IOHN
portrait of saint Matthew (the disciple)
St
MATHEW
Ecclesiastical
HISTORY
EPITOMIZ'D
.
CONTAINING
A
Faithful
Account
of
the
BIRTH
,
LIFE
,
and
DOCTRINE
;
CRUCIFIXION
and
ASCENSION
of
the
HOLY
JESUS
.
WITH
The
LIVES
of
the
APOSTLES
,
EVANGELISTS
,
and
Primitive
FATHERS
,
and
other
Famous
Men
in
the
Christian
Church
,
both
Antient
and
Modern
,
who
have
Couragiously
Confessed
,
and
Suffer'd
Glorious
Martyrdoms
and
Persecutions
under
several
Tyrannical
Governours
,
both
Heathenish
and
Romish
.
Faithfully
Continued
to
the
REFORMATION
,
and
since
deduc'd
to
this
Present
AGE
.
Faithfully
Collected
By
J.
S.
Gent.
Part
the
First
.
LONDON
,
Printed
for
W.
Thackery
in
Duck-Lane
,
T.
Passinger
,
and
Charles
Passinger
on
London
Bridge
;
1682.
To
the
Christian
READER
.
Most
Christian
Reader
.
IN
this
first
Part
of
the
Sacred
Epitome
of
Ecclesiastical
History
,
is
contained
,
First
,
An
Introductory
Discourse
of
the
State
of
the
Jewish
Church
before
the
Coming
of
our
Blessed
Lord
.
And
how
in
all
Ages
under
the
Promise
our
Saviour
was
represented
by
Types
and
Figurative
Shadows
,
till
his
Blessed
Incarnation
.
Secondly
,
A
brief
Account
of
his
Birth
,
Holy
and
Exemplary
Life
,
his
bitter
Death
and
Passion
;
as
likewise
his
Glorious
Resurrection
and
Ascension
.
Thirdly
,
The
Lives
of
the
Glorious
Apostles
and
Evangelists
:
In
which
is
contained
their
several
Persecutions
,
their
great
Courage
to
promote
the
Gospel
in
Barbarous
Nations
with
all
the
chief
place
of
their
Abodes
,
perillous
Journies
and
Oppositions
they
met
withall
,
what
Tyrants
they
contested
with
,
and
by
what
means
they
came
to
be
Crowned
with
Martyrdom
,
and
so
laying
down
their
Lives
became
more
than
Conquerors
;
what
multitudes
they
converted
by
their
Preaching
and
Patient
Sufferings
,
baffling
all
the
power
and
malice
of
Hell
.
Fourthly
,
The
Lives
of
the
primitive
Fathers
and
great
Doctors
of
the
Church
,
who
by
their
pious
Endeavours
carried
on
the
great
work
of
the
Gospel
,
where
the
Apostles
and
Evangelists
left
off
,
giving
a
Relation
of
their
Sufferings
and
Martyrdoms
for
near
1200
years
after
our
Saviours
Birth
;
their
Contests
with
Heathen
Emperors
,
Tyrants
,
and
Hereticks
;
most
of
them
resisting
even
to
Blood
.
Faithfully
Collected
out
of
Sacred
Writ
,
the
Voluminous
Histories
of
their
lives
,
and
such
Ecclesiastical
Histories
as
have
been
approved
of
by
the
true
primitive
Church
in
all
Ages
,
and
in
such
a
Method
that
it
is
well
hoped
it
will
find
Acceptance
amongst
all
true
Christians
and
that
they
will
make
such
use
of
the
Contents
,
by
striving
to
imitate
and
P●●●●●●
out
the
Lives
of
these
Holy
Persons
,
as
may
redound
to
their
Everlasting
Happiness
.
Which
is
the
Hearty
Wish
of
,
Christian
Reader
,
Your
beloved
Brother
in
Christ
,
J.
S.
M.
A.
THE
INTRODUCTION
,
Or
A
Breif
ACCOUNT
Of
the
Life
,
Crucifixion
,
Glorious
Resurrection
and
Ascension
of
our
LORD
and
SAVIOUR
JESUS
CHRIST
.
NO
sooner
had
our
first
Parents
,
by
Eating
the
Forbidden
Fruit
,
difrobed
themselves
of
that
Innocence
by
which
they
held
their
State
of
Happiness
,
but
the
Eternal
and
All-wise
Creator
out
of
the
Abundance
of
his
never
failing
Mercy
and
Goodness
found
a
means
to
rescue
them
and
all
their
Posterity
from
the
Power
and
Malice
of
Satan
,
and
gave
them
a
Promise
even
when
he
was
passing
Sentence
,
that
the
Seed
of
the
woman
should
break
the
Serpents
head
,
Gen.
3.15
.
which
was
fulfilled
in
that
our
Blessed
Lord
and
Saviour
.
The
second
Person
in
the
Trinity
was
born
of
the
Virgin
Mary
,
and
made
Man
;
whose
Birth
and
Glorious
Triumph
over
Death
,
the
Grave
,
and
Hell
,
the
Patriarchs
and
Prophets
all
along
had
foreseen
.
Nay
,
God
was
often
pleased
to
renew
his
Promise
;
as
next
to
faithful
Abraham
:
For
to
him
was
it
directly
revealed
,
that
out
of
his
Loyns
the
Messiah
should
proceed
.
After
his
Decease
,
God
made
it
known
to
Jacob
out
of
what
Tribe
of
the
Jewish
Nation
he
should
come
;
which
that
Blessed
Patriarch
revealed
at
his
Death
in
these
words
,
viz.
that
the
Scepter
should
not
depart
from
Judah
,
nor
a
Law-giver
from
between
his
feet
till
Shil●h
came
.
Next
Moses
told
the
Children
of
Israel
,
that
God
would
raise
up
a
Prophet
of
their
Brethren
like
unto
him
,
and
that
unto
him
should
they
hearken
.
Nor
were
the
Jewish
Ceremonies
from
time
to
time
any
other
than
Types
and
Figures
of
our
Blessed
Saviour
;
as
that
of
the
Brazen
Serpent
,
the
Scape
Goat
,
and
others
,
and
as
the
time
of
his
Birth
grew
nearer
,
the
Prophets
had
a
more
Lively
and
Divine
Knowledge
of
what
should
happen
during
the
time
that
was
Decreed
for
his
purchasing
our
Redemption
:
For
David
absolutely
foretells
his
Sufferings
and
Powerful
Resurrection
;
as
for
his
Death
,
that
it
should
be
by
piercing
his
hands
and
feet
:
And
in
Psal.
16.
ver.
10.
he
gives
an
undeniable
Account
of
his
Resurrection
in
these
words
,
For
thou
wilt
not
leave
my
soul
in
Hell
,
neither
suffer
thy
Holy
One
to
see
Corruption
;
and
of
his
Ascending
up
into
Heaven
,
Psal.
68
ver.
18.
Thou
hast
ascended
on
High
,
thou
hast
led
Captivity
Captive
,
&c.
As
likewise
the
Prophet
Isaiah
,
lively
describing
the
extraordinary
Manner
of
his
Birth
,
how
that
he
was
to
be
born
of
a
Virgin
and
his
Name
called
Immanuel
,
of
his
Incomparable
Graces
,
Sanctity
,
and
fit
Qualification
for
the
performance
of
his
Office
;
of
the
Entertainment
he
was
like
to
meet
with
in
the
World
;
and
of
the
Nature
and
Sign
of
those
Sufferings
he
was
to
undergo
.
The
place
of
his
Birth
was
foretold
by
Micah
,
Chap.
5.
ver.
2.
viz.
Bethlehem
of
Ephratah
,
the
lest
of
the
Cities
of
Juda
,
but
Honoured
above
the
rest
by
the
Birth
of
a
Prince
who
was
to
be
Ruler
in
Israel
,
whose
goings
forth
had
been
from
everlasting
.
Again
the
Prophet
Daniel
fixes
the
Exact
time
,
affirming
that
the
Messiah
should
appear
in
the
World
,
and
be
cut
off
as
a
Sacrifice
for
the
Expiation
of
the
Sins
of
the
People
,
at
the
Expiration
of
70
Prophetical
weeks
or
490
years
,
which
accordingly
came
to
pass
.
For
that
Date
being
expired
,
In
the
fulness
of
time
God
sent
his
Son
made
of
a
woman
made
under
the
Law
,
to
redeem
them
that
were
under
the
Law
.
And
because
it
was
not
fit
so
great
a
Person
should
come
into
the
World
,
or
be
made
publick
without
some
extraordinary
prodromos
,
not
only
the
Angel
told
his
Birth
to
the
Shepherds
feeding
their
Flocks
by
Night
,
but
likewise
a
Star
hanging
as
it
were
in
the
Air
appeared
to
the
Eastern
Magi
,
and
conducted
them
to
the
place
where
he
lay
to
pay
Divine
Adoration
to
the
Sun
of
Righteousness
,
who
was
risen
with
healing
under
his
wings
:
Nor
did
our
Blessed
Lord
want
in
any
thing
to
fulfil
and
comply
with
all
the
Ceremonies
of
the
Law
which
was
only
a
Type
and
Shadow
of
his
Coming
,
or
as
a
pledge
of
the
Sacred
Promise
made
in
Paradise
,
he
being
that
Blessed
Seed
of
the
Woman
which
was
to
break
the
Serpent's
head
,
and
by
that
means
to
deliver
us
from
the
power
of
Satan
,
who
so
long
had
Tyrannized
over
Mankind
;
bewitching
the
greatest
part
of
the
World
to
Worship
him
under
divers
and
sundry
Names
;
for
as
the
Prophet
has
it
,
God
himself
declared
that
only
in
Juda
was
his
name
known
,
and
from
thence
the
City
of
Jerusalem
was
called
the
holy
City
by
reason
all
the
Tribes
once
a
year
at
the
Feast
of
the
Passover
went
up
to
Worship
and
that
no
other
place
for
the
General
Assembly
was
appointed
.
Eight
days
after
the
Birth
of
our
Blessed
Lord
and
Saviour
,
he
so
far
submitted
himself
to
the
Custom
of
the
Jews
,
or
rather
to
the
fulfilling
of
the
Law
,
as
to
be
Circumcised
,
and
his
was
name
called
Jesus
,
as
the
Angel
had
foretold
at
the
time
he
brought
the
joyful
Tidings
to
the
Blessed
Virgin
,
when
he
declared
unto
her
that
she
should
Conceive
by
the
Holy
Ghost
,
and
that
the
Power
of
the
Highest
should
over-shadow
her
.
But
long
he
had
not
been
born
before
the
Powers
of
Darkness
,
foreseeing
their
Kingdoms
fall
,
raised
up
a
Persecution
against
him
,
inspiring
wicked
Herod
with
Diabolick
Rage
to
pursue
the
Life
of
him
from
whom
whatever
was
created
had
had
its
prime
Original
.
And
although
the
Bloudy
Tyrant
missed
his
Aime
yet
not
knowing
he
was
fled
from
Bethlehem
into
Aegypt
,
he
commanded
all
the
Males
that
were
found
not
only
in
the
City
,
but
in
all
that
Coast
from
two
years
old
and
under
to
be
put
to
death
,
thinking
,
that
in
that
General
slaughter
,
He
might
fall
whom
he
understood
was
to
be
King
of
Israel
:
For
as
it
is
written
in
the
2d
.
of
Matthew
the
6th
.
verse
;
And
thou
Bethlehem
of
the
Land
of
Juda
art
not
the
least
amongst
the
Princes
of
Juda
for
out
of
thee
shall
come
a
Governour
that
shall
rule
my
people
Israel
;
And
in
this
the
saying
of
the
Prophet
Jeremy
was
fulfilled
,
In
Rama
was
there
a
voice
heard
,
lamentation
and
weeping
,
and
great
mourning
;
Rachel
weeping
for
her
children
,
and
would
not
be
comforted
,
because
they
are
not
.
When
our
Blessed
Lord
was
twelve
years
old
,
at
the
Feast
of
the
Passover
he
went
up
to
Jerusalem
with
his
Parents
,
viz.
Joseph
and
Mary
,
and
there
in
the
Temple
sitting
in
the
midst
of
the
Doctors
,
he
both
heard
them
and
asked
them
such
Questions
that
all
who
heard
him
stood
amazed
.
The
next
Conformity
we
find
in
him
was
,
that
after
his
Parents
had
found
him
out
,
he
went
down
with
them
and
for
a
long
time
after
continued
with
them
being
as
St.
Luke
says
,
Chap.
2.
ver.
51.
obedient
or
subject
unto
them
,
even
according
to
the
Evangelists
till
the
30
year
of
his
Age
,
it
being
upon
the
year
of
Jubilee
which
was
by
the
Jews
held
as
the
great
Sabatical
year
;
in
which
at
the
sound
of
a
Trumpet
,
all
the
Captives
and
Servants
were
set
at
Liberty
,
as
likewise
Prisoners
released
,
Debts
discharged
,
and
Mortgaged
Estates
reverted
to
their
proper
Heirs
;
and
how
evidently
this
did
shadow
out
the
State
of
the
Gospel
and
our
Lord
's
being
sent
to
preach
glad
tidings
to
the
meek
,
to
bind
up
the
broken
hearted
,
to
preach
liberty
to
the
Captives
,
and
the
opening
of
the
Prison
to
them
that
are
bound
to
proclaim
the
Acceptable
year
of
the
Lord
,
that
they
might
lift
up
their
heads
because
their
Redemption
drew
nigh
(
as
we
have
it
in
Isa.
61.1
,
2.
Luk.
4.18
.
)
I
leave
to
the
Judgment
of
all
Judicious
men
.
Now
to
shew
that
he
was
a
Prince
he
sent
his
Herauld
before
him
to
Proclaim
him
to
the
World
,
viz.
John
the
Baptist
,
who
was
as
the
Prophet
declares
,
the
voice
of
one
crying
in
the
Wilderness
,
prepare
ye
the
way
of
the
Lord
,
and
make
his
path
strait
;
and
lifting
up
his
voice
like
a
Trumpet
,
cryed
,
repent
ye
for
the
Kingdom
of
heaven
is
at
hand
.
He
told
the
Jews
that
the
Messiah
they
had
so
long
expected
was
at
hand
,
and
his
Kingdom
ready
to
appear
,
and
that
the
Son
of
God
was
come
down
from
Heaven
,
a
Person
as
far
beyond
him
in
Dignity
,
as
in
Time
and
Existence
,
to
whom
he
was
not
worthy
to
Administer
the
meanest
Offices
(
for
so
the
Jews
accounted
the
unlosing
their
Shoe-Latchets
)
that
he
came
to
introduce
a
new
and
better
State
of
things
,
and
by
taking
away
the
Vail
to
give
a
full
and
clear
prospect
into
the
Holiest
of
Holiests
,
calling
him
the
Lamb
of
God
that
was
to
take
away
the
Sins
of
the
World
,
&c.
Now
at
the
Great
Baptism
by
John
,
after
the
the
Feast
of
the
Tabernacle
,
being
about
the
beginning
of
our
November
,
our
Blessed
Lord
amongst
the
rest
came
to
Jordan
;
and
to
fulfill
another
main
Point
of
the
Law
,
suffered
himself
to
be
Baptized
,
when
coming
up
out
of
the
River
,
the
Heavens
opened
,
and
the
Holy
Ghost
descended
on
him
in
Bodily
Shape
like
a
Dove
,
and
at
the
same
time
a
Voice
saying
,
this
is
my
Beloved
Son
in
whom
I
am
well
pleased
,
Mat.
3.16
,
17.
Mark
1.10
,
11.
Luke
3.12
,
22.
And
now
our
Blessed
Saviour
being
fitly
qualified
and
prepared
to
carry
on
the
great
work
of
our
Redemption
:
And
,
as
Witnesses
of
his
Glorious
undertakings
,
and
for
the
more
Ample
Propagation
of
our
Eternal
wellfare
,
he
took
unto
him
the
Blessed
Apostles
,
of
the
History
of
whose
Lives
I
shall
afterwards
give
the
Reader
an
Account
.
The
first
Miracle
that
our
Blessed
Lord
did
,
after
his
Incarnation
,
was
at
a
Marriage
in
Canaan
of
Galilee
,
where
the
great
Admiration
of
all
men
at
his
Command
the
water
was
turned
into
Wine
,
and
after
that
,
by
the
daily
repetitions
of
such
Miracles
as
never
Man
did
,
the
World
stood
amazed
.
A
great
part
of
which
the
holy
Evangelists
have
set
down
at
large
,
to
which
I
Refer
the
Pious
Reader
,
having
always
before
my
Eyes
the
Caution
which
St.
John
gives
us
in
his
Revelations
Chap.
22.
ver.
19.
and
if
any
man
shall
take
away
from
the
words
of
the
Book
of
this
Prophecy
,
God
shall
take
away
his
part
out
of
the
Book
of
Life
,
&c.
as
likewise
on
the
contrary
the
foregoing
Verse
of
the
same
Chapter
threatens
,
that
if
any
one
shall
add
to
those
things
all
the
Plagues
that
are
written
in
the
Book
shall
be
added
unto
him
.
But
to
be
brief
,
after
our
blessed
Saviour
,
that
glorious
Sun
of
Righteousness
had
run
his
course
,
he
undertook
to
satisfie
his
Fathers
Justice
by
making
a
propitiatory
Sacrifice
for
the
Sins
of
lost
and
undone
man
,
and
suffered
himself
to
be
tempted
,
Betrayed
,
Scourged
,
Spit
upon
,
Reviled
,
Crowned
with
Thrones
,
and
lastly
submitting
even
unto
the
Death
of
the
Cross
,
all
which
had
been
exactly
foretold
by
the
prophets
.
Though
it
happened
not
after
the
common
manner
,
but
was
attended
with
such
dismal
darkness
and
terrible
Earthquakes
.
Insomuch
that
a
Heathen
Philosopher
at
that
Instant
declared
,
that
either
the
God
of
Nature
suffered
,
or
the
world
was
at
an
end
.
But
he
could
not
long
rest
under
the
power
of
the
Grave
,
but
as
a
Victorious
Captain
breaking
the
bonds
of
Death
,
he
lead
Captivity
Captive
in
spite
of
the
Malice
of
his
Enemies
who
set
a
Guard
upon
him
;
for
as
we
have
it
,
Mat.
Chap.
28.
ver.
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6.
In
the
end
of
the
Sabbath
,
as
it
began
to
dawn
towards
the
first
day
of
the
week
,
came
Mary
Magdalene
and
the
other
Mary
,
to
see
the
Sepulchre
and
behold
there
was
a
great
Earth-quake
,
for
the
Angel
of
the
Lord
descended
from
heaven
,
and
came
and
rolled
away
the
stone
from
the
door
and
sat
upon
it
his
Countenance
was
like
Lightning
,
and
his
raiment
white
as
Snow
,
and
for
fear
of
him
the
keepers
did
tremble
,
and
became
as
dead
men
,
and
the
Angel
answered
and
said
unto
the
women
,
fear
ye
not
,
for
I
know
that
ye
seek
Jesus
which
was
Crucified
,
he
is
not
here
,
but
is
risen
as
he
said
,
come
se
ye
place
where
the
Lord
lay
.
Nor
is
this
the
only
warrant
of
his
Blessed
Resurrection
,
but
we
have
it
confirmed
by
all
the
Evangelists
and
Apostles
as
being
seen
of
them
several
times
afterwards
,
nor
will
it
be
less
than
impious
and
Atheistical
for
any
to
make
the
least
doubt
or
scruple
of
it
.
But
to
proceed
,
after
our
blessed
Lord
was
Ascended
up
into
Heaven
he
was
not
unmindful
of
the
Promise
he
had
made
to
his
Disciples
while
he
was
with
them
upon
Earth
,
of
sending
the
Comforter
to
teach
and
guide
them
in
the
way
of
Truth
:
That
Holy
Spirit
without
whose
Divine
Assistance
all
their
Preaching
had
been
vain
,
for
although
Paul
may
plant
and
Apollos
water
,
yet
't
is
God
that
gives
the
increase
.
For
as
our
Blessed
Lord
had
declared
to
his
Disciples
a
little
before
he
Ascended
to
take
his
place
at
the
right
hand
of
his
Father
,
God
Blessed
for
evermore
.
When
they
were
asking
him
about
Times
and
Seasons
,
he
told
them
,
it
was
not
for
them
to
know
the
Times
and
Seasons
,
which
God
had
put
in
his
Power
.
But
ye
(
said
he
)
shall
receive
power
after
that
the
Holy
Ghost
is
come
upon
you
,
and
ye
shall
be
Witnesses
unto
me
,
both
in
Hierusalem
,
and
in
all
Judah
,
and
in
Samaria
,
and
unto
the
utmost
Parts
of
the
Earth
;
Acts
chap.
1.
ver.
7
,
8.
Nor
did
the
Holy
Jesus
delay
to
send
the
Holy
Spirit
,
as
he
had
promised
:
For
as
we
have
it
,
Acts
Chap.
2.
ver.
1
,
2
,
3.
and
when
the
day
of
Pentecost
(
which
with
us
is
called
Whitsunday
,
being
just
10
days
after
Ascension-day
)
was
fully
come
,
they
were
all
with
one
accord
in
one
place
,
and
suddenly
there
came
a
sound
from
Heaven
,
as
of
a
rushing
mighty
Wind
,
and
it
filled
all
the
house
where
they
were
sitting
,
and
there
appeared
unto
them
Cloven
Tongues
like
as
of
Fire
,
and
it
sat
upon
each
of
them
,
and
they
were
all
filled
with
the
Holy
Ghost
,
and
began
to
spake
with
other
Tongues
,
as
the
Spirit
gave
them
utterance
.
Thus
being
prepared
(
as
a
Giant
refreshed
with
Wine
)
to
run
the
Glorious
Race
and
send
their
sounds
unto
the
utmost
Ends
of
the
Earth
,
they
spared
not
to
Lift
up
their
Voices
like
a
Trumpet
,
to
make
known
the
Will
of
the
Lord
,
and
preach
the
glad
Tidings
of
the
Gospel
which
was
so
lately
sealed
with
their
great
Master's
blood
;
and
now
they
began
to
speak
with
divers
Tongues
,
as
the
Spirit
gave
them
utterance
to
the
Confounding
and
Amazing
of
all
that
heard
them
:
Nor
were
their
words
common
words
,
or
empty
Air
,
but
of
such
Power
and
Efficacy
that
they
made
deep
impressions
in
the
hearts
of
most
that
heard
them
,
so
that
they
were
in
doubt
and
amazed
,
saying
to
one
another
what
meaneth
this
,
Acts
Chap.
2.
ver.
12.
Such
mighty
operation
has
the
Divine
Spirit
in
the
hearts
of
Men
that
at
that
instant
by
the
preaching
of
St.
Peter
3000
were
added
to
the
Church
,
and
not
only
added
,
but
continued
stedfastly
in
the
Apostles
Doctrine
and
Fellowship
,
and
in
breaking
of
Bread
and
of
Prayer
,
Acts
Chap.
2.
ver.
42.
And
thus
much
for
the
Introduction
,
to
shew
in
what
State
our
Blessed
Lord
settled
his
Church
which
all
Ages
,
Mauger
the
Malice
of
Men
or
Devils
,
has
Continued
and
will
Continue
unspoted
and
unpolluted
even
to
the
End
of
the
World
,
it
being
the
Vine
that
his
own
right
hand
has
planted
,
it
will
flourish
in
spite
of
all
the
wild
Boars
of
the
Forrest
that
strive
to
root
her
up
,
or
the
little
Foxes
that
would
pluck
off
her
tender
Branches
.
Though
superstition
or
Atheisme
strive
to
trouble
the
streames
the
fountain
will
still
be
kept
clear
and
unpolluted
.
And
now
since
the
great
Harvest
is
begun
I
shall
by
the
Assistance
of
God's
Divine
Grace
,
give
the
Reader
an
Account
of
the
faithful
Labourers
that
have
laboured
therein
,
and
all
along
carried
the
glorious
work
even
from
the
Time
of
our
blessed
Saviour
to
these
our
days
.
And
first
to
begin
with
the
blessed
Apostles
who
,
valiantly
and
couragiously
following
the
Example
of
their
blessed
Master
,
sealed
their
Testimonies
with
their
Blood
,
being
basely
and
inhumanely
murthered
,
and
massacred
by
such
Tyrants
and
cruel
Villains
as
the
Powers
of
Darkness
could
raise
up
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
St.
PETER
the
Apostle
.
FIrst
I
shall
begin
with
St.
Peter
,
that
great
Apostle
of
the
Circumcision
,
who
so
long
and
earnestly
laboured
for
the
Conversion
of
the
Jews
,
whose
obstinacy
had
before
drawn
Tears
from
the
Eyes
of
his
Blessed
Lord
and
Master
,
when
he
wept
over
it
with
,
O
Jerusalem
,
Jerusalem
,
hadst
thou
but
known
even
in
this
thy
day
the
things
that
belonged
unto
thy
peace
,
but
now
they
are
hidden
from
thine
eyes
,
&c.
But
to
begin
first
with
the
place
of
his
Birth
,
which
was
Bethsaida
in
the
upper
Galilee
,
antiently
belonging
to
the
Tribe
of
Nepthali
,
vulgarly
called
Galilee
of
the
Gentiles
,
which
is
now
reduced
(
though
formerly
a
famous
City
)
into
certain
small
Cottages
,
and
remaines
only
famous
to
Posterity
by
reason
it
was
the
Birth-place
of
this
great
Apostle
.
The
exact
time
of
his
Birth
,
notwithstanding
the
conjectures
and
guesses
,
that
have
been
made
by
divers
Learned
Men
,
remains
as
yet
undecided
;
or
as
we
may
say
altogether
uncertain
;
by
Reason
what
has
been
hitherto
argued
as
to
that
point
,
has
been
only
conjectural
,
and
not
firmly
grounded
upon
any
warrantable
Authority
.
Most
of
the
Fathers
,
that
have
written
about
the
time
of
his
Birth
,
take
their
ground
from
the
Birth
of
our
Saviour
,
by
reason
St.
Peter
,
at
what
time
our
Blessed
Lord
called
him
to
be
one
of
his
Disciples
,
was
not
only
Married
,
but
lived
in
a
settled
state
:
therefore
they
judge
he
could
not
be
less
than
10
years
elder
than
his
Master
;
or
according
to
Stenge
,
who
builds
his
Foundation
upon
Bellarmine
,
he
was
born
in
the
Eighth
year
of
Octavius
Augugustus
,
and
in
the
20
of
King
Herod
which
was
about
17
years
before
the
Birth
of
our
Saviour
.
His
Father
was
Jonah
of
Bethsaida
,
and
he
being
Circumcised
according
to
the
Jewish
Law
,
had
the
name
of
Simon
or
Simeon
given
him
at
his
Circumcision
;
to
which
our
Saviour
added
the
name
of
Cephas
,
which
in
the
Syriack
Language
,
then
very
much
used
among
the
Jews
,
signifies
a
Stone
,
or
as
the
Greek
renders
it
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
a
Rock
;
which
has
occasioned
many
to
believe
that
from
that
Inference
our
Saviour
expressed
himself
,
upon
this
Rock
will
I
build
my
Church
,
that
is
,
upon
Peters
Faith
,
Constancy
,
and
the
Gospel
he
was
to
Preach
.
And
from
the
Alteration
of
his
name
,
or
rather
addition
,
at
such
time
as
he
came
to
be
our
Saviour's
Disciple
,
the
Popes
have
taken
occasion
to
alter
their's
at
what
time
they
come
to
the
Papacy
.
His
Brother
was
Andrew
the
Apostle
,
nor
is
it
known
which
of
them
was
the
elder
.
He
was
a
Man
of
small
Education
when
he
was
chosen
by
our
Saviour
as
a
Disciple
,
but
was
soon
after
instructed
by
the
Fountain
of
all
Wisdom
and
Learning
,
even
the
Holy
Spirit
.
Having
proceeded
thus
far
,
I
shall
not
think
it
amiss
to
give
the
Reader
a
Description
of
the
Person
of
this
famous
Apostle
(
passing
over
for
the
most
part
such
passages
of
his
Life
,
as
are
found
in
Sacred
Writ
,
to
be
more
Brief
in
this
our
purpose
)
according
as
he
is
described
in
Ecclesiastical
History
.
And
first
,
as
Nicephorus
declares
,
he
was
somewhat
slender
,
of
a
middle
size
,
but
rather
inclining
to
Tallness
;
his
Complexion
very
pale
and
almost
white
;
the
Hair
of
his
Head
curled
and
thick
,
but
very
short
,
though
St.
Hierom
informes
us
(
as
he
has
it
out
of
Clemens
his
Periods
)
that
he
was
exceeding
Bald
,
which
might
probably
enough
be
,
in
his
declining
Age
;
his
Eyes
black
,
unless
some
small
specks
of
Red
,
which
many
of
the
Fathers
have
attributed
to
his
often
weeping
;
his
Eye-brows
very
thin
;
his
Nose
long
,
though
at
the
end
broad
or
flat
.
And
thus
have
I
described
the
outside
of
this
Admirable
Man
,
according
as
it
has
been
derived
down
to
Posterity
by
such
as
lived
in
his
time
,
and
had
often
converse
with
him
and
now
since
the
outside
is
described
;
it
will
not
be
amiss
to
give
a
short
description
of
his
Temper
,
and
the
Internal
Faculties
of
his
Soul
.
First
then
,
He
was
Eager
and
Fierce
,
Witness
his
encountering
the
Guard
of
Souldiers
that
came
to
apprehend
his
Lord
,
and
at
that
time
cutting
off
the
Ear
of
the
High
Priests
Servant
;
his
forwardness
to
speak
,
and
to
return
answers
,
though
sometimes
to
the
endangering
his
Life
,
yet
withal
Courteous
and
Humble
;
for
when
Cornelius
,
being
overjoyed
with
the
Vision
of
him
,
would
have
received
him
almost
with
Divine
Adoration
,
he
forbid
him
,
telling
him
he
was
but
a
man
subject
to
the
Passions
as
other
men
.
With
how
much
Candor
and
Modesty
did
he
treat
the
Inferiour
Rulers
of
the
Church
,
insomuch
that
he
upon
whom
such
Honours
have
been
heaped
in
all
Ages
,
stiles
himself
no
greater
than
their
Fellow
Presbyter
.
How
earnestly
did
he
Labour
to
win
Souls
to
Christ
?
and
with
what
Resolution
and
Bravery
did
he
tell
the
Sanhedri●
which
had
Sentenced
and
Condemned
him
,
tha●
they
and
their
Fellows
were
Guilty
of
his
Murther
?
and
that
they
could
not
possibly
be
saved
by
any
other
means
than
by
the
Blood
of
Jesu●
Christ
whom
they
had
Crucified
?
How
do
we
al●
along
hear
of
his
earnest
Exhortations
to
such
a●
were
left
to
Rule
and
Govern
the
Church
in
his
absence
,
to
be
careful
in
their
Charge
as
to
the
Cure
of
Souls
?
Nor
was
this
in
his
mean
Capacity
,
but
when
he
sate
Bishop
of
Antioch
in
which
he
continued
the
space
of
nine
years
,
greatly
propagating
the
Gospel
;
as
likewise
in
his
Travels
into
the
Western
parts
of
the
World
,
after
many
tedious
Journeys
,
he
at
last
came
to
Rome
,
but
we
find
not
by
any
well
grounded
Authority
that
he
sat
Bishop
of
that
See
25
years
,
as
the
Doctors
of
that
Church
would
have
it
;
nor
indeed
that
ever
he
was
Bishop
Rome
,
though
the
Popes
have
all
along
derived
their
Power
or
Succession
from
him
:
But
that
he
was
at
Rome
,
and
suffered
there
under
Nero
,
most
of
the
Writers
of
Ecclesiastical
History
Accord
,
as
I
shall
more
fully
demonstrate
hereafter
.
That
he
was
Married
,
we
have
St.
Paul's
word
for
it
,
he
telling
us
,
that
one
Cephas
(
which
was
undoubtedly
Peter
)
went
about
leading
with
him
a
Wife
and
a
Sister
;
and
as
it
is
recorded
by
several
of
the
Fathers
,
a
Daughter
;
and
as
Clemens
Alexandrinus
tells
us
,
that
when
St.
Peter
beheld
his
Wife
going
to
her
Martyrdom
he
exceedingly
rejoyced
,
calling
to
her
aloud
,
and
charging
her
to
be
mindful
of
our
Lord
.
And
thus
much
of
his
being
Married
.
When
he
was
at
Rome
,
he
prophesied
the
destruction
of
Jerusalem
and
the
Jewish
Nation
by
Vespasian
:
But
about
that
time
the
Persecution
growing
hot
against
the
Christians
,
especially
upon
Nero's
return
from
Achaia
in
great
Pomp
,
he
at
that
time
resolving
to
glut
himself
with
Innocent
Blood
,
caused
several
thousands
of
the
Christians
to
be
shut
up
in
Prisons
,
and
amongst
the
rest
St.
Peter
,
for
whose
preservation
the
Prayers
of
the
Christians
were
still
put
up
to
Heaven
many
of
the
chief
of
them
who
could
gain
Access
perswading
him
earnestly
to
make
his
escape
,
alledging
that
the
preservation
of
his
Life
would
be
greatly
useful
to
the
Church
.
The
which
(
after
many
denials
)
he
attempted
by
getting
over
the
Wall
,
which
being
effected
,
and
he
coming
to
the
City
Gate
,
is
there
said
to
meet
our
Lord
,
who
was
just
entering
the
City
,
when
knowing
him
he
asked
him
Lord
,
whether
art
thou
going
?
from
whom
he
received
this
Answer
,
I
am
come
to
Rome
to
be
crucified
a
second
time
.
By
which
answer
St.
Peter
apprehending
himself
to
be
reproved
for
endeavouring
to
fly
that
Death
which
was
allotted
him
,
and
that
our
Saviour
meant
he
was
to
be
Crucified
in
his
Servant
,
he
returned
again
to
the
Prison
and
delivered
himself
into
the
hands
of
the
Keeper
,
and
so
continued
till
the
day
of
his
Execution
,
with
great
chearfulness
:
When
having
saluted
his
Brethren
,
and
especially
St.
Paul
,
who
was
at
that
time
his
Fellow-Prisoner
.
He
was
led
to
the
top
of
the
Vatican
Mountain
,
near
the
River
Tiber
,
about
three
Furlongs
without
the
City
and
there
Crucified
with
his
Head
downwards
;
it
being
his
own
desire
so
to
dye
,
alledging
that
he
was
unworthy
to
suffer
after
the
same
manner
that
his
Lord
and
Master
had
suffered
,
and
so
having
run
the
race
that
was
set
before
him
,
he
(
undoubtedly
)
obtained
the
reward
layed
up
for
him
in
the
Highest
Heavens
.
And
thus
having
briefly
run
over
the
Life
of
this
great
Apostle
,
I
shall
proceed
to
St.
Paul
who
fell
by
the
Commandment
of
the
same
bloody
Tyrant
,
and
if
not
on
the
self-same
day
yet
within
a
very
short
time
after
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
St.
PAUL
the
Apostle
.
NOtwithstanding
the
Church
does
not
reckon
St.
Paul
amongst
the
twelve
Apostles
,
yet
through
the
Assistance
of
Gods
Holy
Spirit
after
he
was
Miraculously
Converted
,
he
so
earnestly
laboured
in
preaching
the
Lord
Jesus
and
him
crucified
,
both
to
the
Jews
and
Gentiles
(
even
to
the
Jeopardy
of
his
Life
)
that
he
is
worthy
of
a
name
and
place
equal
to
any
of
them
.
He
was
born
at
Tarsus
,
one
of
the
Capital
Cities
of
Cilicia
,
a
place
much
famed
for
Learning
;
Insomuch
as
Strabo
tells
us
that
Julius
Casar
made
it
a
Roman
Municip
,
or
Free
Corporation
all
the
Inhabitants
thereof
having
the
same
priviledges
as
the
Citizens
of
Rome
,
which
were
likewise
confirmed
to
them
by
Augustus
Caesar
who
succeeded
him
in
the
Empire
.
His
Parents
were
Jews
of
the
Seed
of
Abraham
;
which
he
expresses
when
he
says
,
he
was
a
Hebrew
of
the
Hebrews
,
that
is
,
that
all
his
Ancestors
had
lineally
descended
of
the
Jewish
Race
,
and
not
entered
in
by
the
way
of
Proselytisme
;
and
that
he
was
of
the
Tribe
of
Benjamin
,
is
affirmed
by
the
several
of
the
Jewish
Rabbins
.
As
for
his
Calling
,
he
was
a
Tent-maker
,
though
,
as
himself
declares
,
instructed
in
all
the
Learning
and
Customs
of
the
Jews
,
being
brought
up
at
the
feet
of
Gamaliel
,
a
Learned
Rabbin
or
Academick
,
who
taught
and
instructed
Youths
:
the
Hebrew
word
rendering
it
either
at
the
feet
or
under
his
Tuition
.
His
first
Name
was
Saul
,
the
which
he
continued
till
the
time
of
his
Conversion
in
his
way
to
Damascus
.
In
the
beginning
of
his
Life
we
find
nothing
memorable
,
but
when
he
grew
up
to
manhood
he
became
a
great
Persecutor
of
the
Christians
;
and
the
first
time
he
is
mentioned
in
Holy
Writ
,
is
when
he
held
or
looked
to
the
Cloathes
of
such
as
Stoned
the
Blessed
Proto-Martyr
St.
Stephen
,
after
that
he
continuing
to
breath
out
threatenings
against
the
Church
,
procured
Letters
or
a
Commission
,
as
the
Hebrew
renders
it
,
from
the
Sanhedrim
or
Jewish
Council
,
in
which
the
High
Priest
was
wont
to
fit
Chief
Judge
,
impowering
him
to
bring
such
as
he
found
preaching
in
the
name
of
Jesus
,
bound
to
Jerusalem
.
But
Lord
!
whilst
he
was
on
his
Journey
,
in
order
to
his
prosecuting
this
wicked
design
,
A
light
from
heaven
shined
round
about
him
;
insomuch
that
he
fell
to
the
Earth
,
and
heard
a
voice
saying
,
Saul
,
Saul
,
why
persecutest
thou
me
,
&c.
After
the
heavenly
Apparition
was
departed
,
he
,
in
obedience
to
what
he
had
been
commanded
by
that
Sacred
Oracle
,
Journeyed
on
towards
Damascus
:
but
so
blind
,
that
his
Servants
were
obliged
to
lead
him
.
When
he
came
there
he
prayed
,
till
Ananias
,
a
devout
Christian
,
came
to
him
and
restored
his
sight
,
at
which
all
his
thoughts
were
changed
:
for
whereas
he
some
few
days
before
had
breathed
out
Persecution
against
the
Church
,
so
now
,
on
the
contrary
,
he
joyned
himself
to
it
,
and
began
to
preach
boldly
the
Lord
Jesus
;
at
which
the
Jews
,
being
exceedingly
incensed
,
sought
to
lay
hands
on
him
,
and
to
destroy
him
:
but
God
,
who
had
made
him
a
chosen
Vessel
to
bear
his
name
before
the
Gentiles
,
delivered
him
out
of
their
hands
.
From
Damascus
he
came
to
Jerusalem
,
and
there
essayed
to
joyn
himself
with
the
Brethren
:
but
they
knowing
what
manner
of
man
he
had
formerly
been
,
did
not
only
fear
to
joyn
with
him
,
but
in
all
likehood
did
what
they
could
to
avoid
him
;
until
they
were
certified
,
by
one
of
their
fellow
Apostles
,
that
he
had
seen
the
Lord
Jesus
in
the
way
;
and
that
he
was
not
only
Converted
,
but
had
openly
and
boldly
Preached
the
Gospel
.
By
this
means
,
being
received
into
their
Fellowship
,
he
in
a
short
time
became
their
cheif
speaker
:
being
a
man
of
an
exceeding
ready
Wit
,
as
it
appeared
when
at
sundry
times
he
was
brought
before
Felix
the
Governour
,
Festus
his
Successor
,
and
King
Agrippa
.
There
we
see
how
he
confounded
the
Orator
,
bafled
all
his
Accusers
;
Insomuch
that
they
could
charge
him
with
nothing
but
his
Religion
in
General
,
as
not
daring
to
venture
upon
any
particulars
,
least
he
should
have
proved
it
out
of
the
Law
of
Moses
;
as
he
did
Christ
to
be
the
Messia
,
foretold
by
all
the
Prophets
;
when
from
Morning
till
Night
he
disputed
about
the
verity
of
the
Gospel
which
he
Preached
.
But
well
perceiving
that
the
Governour
was
rather
inclined
to
favour
the
People
,
than
to
do
Justice
,
he
thought
it
most
convenient
to
Appeal
to
Caesar
,
which
was
a
usual
Custom
and
due
Priviledge
to
such
as
were
either
Romans
or
free
of
Rome
.
Whereupon
he
is
sent
to
Rome
,
when
on
the
Coast
of
Melita
,
now
Malta
,
in
the
Lybian
Sea
,
between
Syracuse
and
Africa
,
the
Ship
suffered
Wrack
,
yet
God
gave
him
not
only
his
Life
,
but
the
Lives
of
all
that
were
with
him
in
the
Ship
.
When
he
came
on
shore
,
he
was
kindly
received
by
the
Barbarians
,
who
,
when
they
had
seen
him
shake
of
the
Viper
,
that
fastened
to
his
hand
,
and
thereby
receive
no
hurt
;
they
sayed
amongst
themselves
,
he
was
a
God
.
Here
he
wrought
many
Miracles
,
by
which
he
Converted
a
great
number
of
the
Inhabitants
to
the
Faith
,
and
especially
Publius
the
Chief
Officer
,
or
Governour
of
that
Island
,
whose
Father
he
had
restored
to
health
being
at
the
point
of
Death
;
who
afterward
,
as
many
of
the
learned
affirm
,
was
Bishop
of
Athens
,
and
suffered
Martyrdom
.
From
this
Island
,
after
3
months
stay
,
he
with
the
rest
were
put
on
board
the
Castor
and
Pollux
,
a
Ship
of
Alexandria
,
bound
for
Italy
;
which
,
putting
in
at
Syracuse
,
there
stayed
3
days
;
from
from
thence
they
sailed
to
Rhegium
,
and
so
to
Puteoli
,
where
St.
Paul
found
many
Christians
staying
amongst
them
,
the
better
to
confirm
them
,
for
the
space
of
Seven
days
;
and
from
hence
departed
for
Rome
.
At
the
news
of
St.
Paul's
Approach
he
was
met
by
a
Troop
of
Christians
,
above
50
Miles
from
the
City
,
who
still
increasing
,
as
he
came
nearer
,
they
brought
him
into
Rome
as
it
were
in
Triumph
:
where
,
when
he
came
,
he
found
such
favour
at
the
hands
of
the
Captain
of
the
Guard
,
that
he
only
confined
him
to
his
own
house
,
and
set
one
Souldier
to
watch
;
who
was
appointed
rather
to
waite
upon
him
,
than
to
secure
him
.
He
had
not
long
continued
there
before
he
was
brought
before
Nero
,
who
then
sat
Emperour
;
where
he
so
well
acquitted
himself
that
he
obtained
his
Liberty
,
and
lived
free
in
a
house
of
his
own
,
for
the
space
of
2
years
,
Preaching
the
Gospel
of
Christ
boldly
in
the
City
,
and
confirming
many
in
the
Faith
:
Converting
not
only
those
of
the
meaner
sort
,
but
those
of
Rank
and
Quality
.
As
one
Torpes
a
cheif
Officer
in
the
Emperours
Court
,
who
afterward
suffered
Martyrdom
;
as
likewise
Nero's
Cup-bearer
,
and
others
:
but
above
all
Poppaea
Sabina
an
exceeding
Beautiful
Lady
,
and
Concubine
to
Nero
;
which
so
enraged
the
Brutish
Emperour
that
he
resolved
the
Apostle's
death
,
which
in
a
short
time
he
compassed
:
for
as
St.
Chrysostome
relates
,
when
Nero
found
the
Lady
devoted
to
a
strict
and
chast
Life
,
and
that
she
would
by
no
means
consent
any
farther
to
his
lude
Desires
,
he
sent
for
St.
Paul
,
and
calling
him
Villain
,
Impostor
,
and
wretched
perverter
,
he
caused
him
to
be
cast
into
Prison
,
whence
he
wrote
to
the
Lady
to
perswade
her
to
continue
stedfast
in
a
Chast
and
Virtuous
Life
;
for
which
the
Tyrant
commanded
he
should
be
put
to
death
.
How
long
he
continued
in
Prison
,
after
Sentence
,
is
uncertain
;
but
the
day
of
his
Execution
soon
came
:
but
what
his
preparatory
treatment
was
,
whether
he
was
Scourged
,
as
Malefactors
were
wont
,
in
order
to
their
Death
,
is
not
known
.
As
a
Roman
Citizen
by
the
Valerian
and
Porcian
Law
he
was
exempted
from
any
such
Ignominious
and
Infamous
punishment
,
though
by
the
Law
of
the
12
Tables
Notorious
Malefactors
,
condemned
by
the
Centuriate
Assemblies
,
were
first
to
be
scourged
and
then
put
to
Death
.
And
,
as
Baronius
informes
us
,
that
in
the
Church
of
St.
Mary
,
beyond
the
Bridg
in
Rome
,
two
Pillars
are
yet
to
be
seen
,
to
which
St.
Peter
and
St.
Paul
were
bound
,
and
scourged
,
before
their
Executions
.
As
our
Apostle
was
lead
to
execution
,
he
is
said
to
have
Converted
3
of
the
Soldiers
who
guarded
him
thither
;
which
the
Emperour
hearing
commanded
that
they
should
be
put
to
death
:
St.
Paul
being
come
to
the
place
appointed
for
his
Execution
,
which
was
near
the
Aquae
Salviae
3
miles
from
Rome
,
after
he
had
exhorted
such
as
came
to
see
the
Tragedy
performed
,
to
Repentance
,
and
recommended
his
Spirit
into
the
hands
of
his
blessed
Lord
and
Master
;
he
kneeling
down
had
his
head
stricken
off
with
a
Sword
;
which
by
the
Romans
was
counted
the
noblest
death
,
and
only
allowed
to
such
,
as
were
either
Citizens
,
or
free
of
the
City
.
St.
Chrysostome
declares
,
that
his
chearful
submitting
to
Death
,
and
his
constant
courage
till
the
last
,
was
a
means
not
only
to
Convert
his
Executioner
,
but
several
others
who
afterwards
suffered
Martyrdom
,
for
the
Faith
of
Christ
.
He
was
Executed
,
as
far
as
can
be
gathered
,
in
the
68
year
of
his
Age
;
and
farther
't
is
said
,
that
when
his
head
was
stricken
off
,
Milk
instead
of
Blood
flowed
from
the
Wound
,
and
thus
this
great
Apostle
after
he
had
preached
the
Gospel
to
the
Gentiles
,
and
either
in
Person
,
or
by
his
Epistles
visited
most
of
the
known
World
,
and
,
as
Theodoret
tells
us
,
in
the
Isles
of
the
Sea
,
(
whereby
he
undoubtedly
means
Brittain
)
he
received
first
the
Crown
of
Martyrdom
,
and
then
the
Palm
and
Crown
of
Glory
.
He
was
buried
in
via
Ostiensis
,
about
two
miles
from
Rome
,
over
whose
Grave
,
about
318
years
after
Constantine
the
Great
,
at
the
request
of
Pope
Sylvester
,
built
a
stately
Church
,
and
endowed
it
with
many
rich
Gifts
and
Priviledges
;
which
afterwards
was
plucked
down
by
the
Emperour
Theodosius
,
and
rebuilt
more
stately
than
the
former
.
As
for
his
Person
,
he
was
low
of
Stature
,
and
somewhat
stooping
,
his
Complexion
fair
,
his
Countenance
grave
,
his
Head
small
,
his
eyes
carrying
a
kind
of
Beauty
in
them
,
his
Eye-browes
a
little
hanging
over
,
his
Nose
long
,
but
gracefully
bending
,
his
Beard
thick
,
&c.
And
thus
having
done
with
this
blessed
Apostle
I
shall
proceed
to
the
next
,
viz.
St.
Andrew
,
who
,
after
he
had
run
the
Glorious
race
that
was
set
before
him
,
patiently
submitted
to
the
death
of
the
Cross
,
following
the
Steps
of
his
Glorious
Master
;
who
went
before
to
prepare
a
place
for
those
,
that
love
him
,
and
become
obedient
to
such
rules
,
and
precepts
,
as
he
has
set
down
for
our
Instructions
.
The
Life
of
St.
ANDREW
the
Apostle
.
AS
for
the
Place
of
this
Apostle's
Birth
,
as
we
find
it
in
Holy
Writ
,
it
was
Bethsaida
,
a
City
of
Galilee
,
standing
near
to
the
Lake
of
Genesareth
,
his
Father
being
a
Fisher-man
,
and
he
Brother
to
Simon
Peter
;
but
which
was
the
eldest
remaines
as
yet
undetermined
.
He
with
his
Brother
labouring
in
that
Calling
,
till
such
time
as
our
Saviour
took
them
to
be
his
Disciples
,
and
made
them
Fishers
of
men
.
But
at
first
he
stayed
not
long
with
our
Blessed
Saviour
,
but
returned
home
,
and
betook
himself
to
his
former
Calling
,
untill
such
time
,
as
our
Saviour
found
him
and
his
Brother
Fishing
upon
the
Sea
of
Tiberius
,
and
convinced
them
of
their
Unbelief
,
by
the
exceeding
draught
of
Fishes
;
whereupon
they
left
all
and
followed
him
:
And
therefore
he
is
numbred
amongst
the
twelve
that
our
Saviour
took
,
as
his
immediate
Witnesses
against
the
World
,
continuing
all
along
with
him
,
till
such
time
as
he
was
Apprehended
in
the
Garden
;
and
then
,
most
probably
,
fled
with
the
rest
,
according
as
had
been
foretold
by
the
Prophet
,
I
will
smite
the
Shepherd
,
and
the
Sheep
shall
be
scattered
.
After
our
Blessed
Lord
was
Ascended
,
and
the
Holy
Ghost
had
,
in
its
miraculous
Power
,
been
plentifully
shred
upon
the
Apostles
,
he
departed
for
Scythia
,
and
there
Preached
the
everlasting
Gospel
,
Converting
many
of
those
wild
and
Barbarous
People
to
the
Faith
,
and
true
Belief
of
the
Gospel
;
Preaching
as
he
went
through
Cappadocia
,
Galatia
,
Bithynia
,
and
all
along
by
the
Euxine
Sea
,
gaining
many
Proselytes
,
notwithstanding
the
Savageness
of
those
,
who
inhabited
those
parts
,
who
were
formerly
wont
to
Sacrifice
Strangers
,
and
drink
out
of
their
Sculls
:
And
passing
on
he
came
to
Sinope
,
the
Burial-place
of
King
Mithridates
,
where
it
is
said
he
met
St.
Peter
,
and
there
they
both
taught
the
People
;
(
And
further
't
is
added
,
that
the
Chaires
,
wherein
they
were
wont
to
sit
,
being
of
white
stone
,
are
there
extant
to
this
day
)
.
But
the
Inhabitants
of
the
City
being
Jews
for
the
greatest
part
did
what
they
could
to
oppose
the
Apostles
Doctrine
.
So
that
setting
upon
the
house
wherein
St.
Andrew
was
,
they
attempted
to
put
fire
to
it
,
but
,
however
they
were
deterred
from
that
,
they
caught
the
Apostle
,
and
used
him
in
a
most
Barbarous
manner
,
till
supposing
him
dead
they
dragged
him
out
of
the
City
;
But
within
a
while
he
coming
again
to
himself
Re-entered
the
said
City
,
and
by
several
Miracles
so
wrought
upon
them
,
that
then
they
began
more
stedfastly
to
hear
him
Preach
,
which
he
continued
for
some
time
.
But
the
Devil
,
that
Enemy
to
the
Progress
of
the
Gospel
,
soon
stirred
them
up
against
him
the
second
time
,
whereupon
he
departed
to
Amyson
,
and
thence
to
Trapezus
,
thence
to
Neo-Caesarea
,
thence
to
Samosata
;
where
having
puzzled
and
confounded
the
Wisdom
,
of
the
Philosophers
,
he
designed
to
visit
Jerusalem
,
which
he
effected
,
When
returning
thence
,
he
travelled
through
many
Provinces
Preaching
the
Gospel
till
such
time
as
he
came
to
Byzantium
now
Constantinople
;
when
he
instructed
them
in
the
knowledge
of
Christ
,
and
caused
a
Church
to
be
founded
for
Divine
Worship
,
ordaining
Stachys
(
whom
St.
Paul
calls
his
Beloved
Stachys
)
for
Bishop
of
that
City
,
when
leaving
all
things
in
good
Order
,
he
took
his
Jouney
through
Thracia
,
Macedonia
,
Thessalia
,
Achaia
,
and
as
some
affirm
Epirus
;
and
having
planted
the
Gospel
in
many
places
,
he
came
to
Patrae
,
a
City
Achaia
,
where
he
sealed
his
Testimony
with
his
blood
.
For
as
it
is
mentioned
by
Philastrius
,
who
lived
Anno
380
,
he
going
thither
at
what
time
Aegeas
a
wicked
Pagan
being
Pro-Consul
,
he
Converted
a
great
number
to
the
Faith
;
which
the
Pro-Consul
perceiving
,
waxed
exceeding
angry
,
and
used
both
Threats
and
fair
means
to
stay
the
progress
of
the
Gospel
,
though
all
in
vain
;
which
increased
his
anger
so
far
that
he
caused
the
Apostle
to
be
brought
before
him
,
demanding
how
he
durst
pervert
(
as
he
called
it
)
the
people
from
their
Antient
Worship
?
who
with
an
undaunted
Resolution
told
him
,
that
he
taught
them
the
right
way
to
Everlasting
Happiness
;
and
that
they
having
been
brought
up
in
Superstition
and
Idolatry
,
it
was
now
high
time
for
them
to
embrace
saving
Knowledge
,
and
the
Light
of
the
Gospel
.
At
which
the
Pro-Consul
derided
the
Apostle
as
an
Innovator
and
Propagator
of
that
Religion
,
whose
Author
the
Jews
had
infamously
put
to
death
upon
a
Cross
.
Whereupon
the
Apostle
began
to
declare
the
infinite
Love
of
our
Lord
,
that
he
would
vouchsafe
to
come
down
from
Heaven
,
and
by
taking
our
Nature
upon
him
,
suffer
Death
for
Lost
and
undone
Man
,
and
that
there
was
no
other
name
under
Heaven
,
by
which
any
could
be
saved
but
by
the
Name
of
the
Lord
Jesus
.
Upon
this
the
Pro-Consul
growing
more
inraged
,
told
him
,
that
let
who
would
believe
it
,
as
for
his
part
he
would
not
,
and
that
if
he
(
meaning
St.
Andrew
)
would
not
do
Sacrifice
to
the
Heathen
Gods
,
he
should
dye
upon
that
Cross
,
which
he
had
preached
,
and
so
much
Extolled
.
To
which
he
replyed
,
that
he
did
Sacrifice
every
day
to
God
the
Creator
of
the
world
and
all
things
therein
,
yet
not
with
fiery
Sacrifices
or
bloody
offerings
,
but
in
the
Sacrifice
of
the
Immaculate
Lamb
of
God
,
who
made
himself
an
Offering
for
the
attonement
of
the
sins
of
the
World
.
Upon
which
the
Tyrant
commanded
him
to
Prison
,
which
so
troubled
the
People
that
had
not
the
Apostle
perswaded
them
to
Patience
and
Meekness
they
had
Mutined
.
The
next
day
he
was
again
brought
into
his
Presence
who
then
began
by
many
flattering
Devices
to
perswade
him
not
to
destroy
himself
but
live
with
him
and
enjoy
the
Pleasures
of
Life
.
Upon
which
the
Apostle
told
him
,
that
if
he
would
Renounce
his
Idolatries
and
Embrace
the
offers
of
the
Gospel
,
he
should
have
Eternal
Life
which
was
far
exceeding
what
could
be
elsewhere
expected
;
when
as
the
Pro-Consul
told
him
plainly
,
that
the
reason
why
he
urged
him
to
Sacrifice
to
the
Gods
was
,
that
by
his
Example
such
as
had
fallen
off
might
again
return
to
the
Antient
worship
,
telling
him
that
otherwise
he
should
suffer
the
exquisitest
Tortures
that
could
be
invented
and
that
he
should
be
Instantly
Crucified
.
To
which
the
Apostle
replyed
,
that
now
he
saw
it
but
in
vain
any
longer
to
discourse
with
or
perswade
him
to
Repentance
,
he
being
hardened
in
his
own
folly
and
blindness
;
and
that
for
this
threats
he
had
no
regard
to
them
,
nor
did
he
fear
the
utmost
Tortures
that
he
could
invent
as
knowing
he
should
find
the
better
acceptance
at
the
hands
of
his
Lord
and
Master
,
the
more
he
suffered
for
his
sake
.
Upon
,
which
he
was
Condemned
to
be
Crucified
;
and
that
which
the
rather
induced
the
Pro-Consul
so
to
do
,
was
,
for
that
he
had
Converted
his
Wife
Maximilia
and
his
Brother
Stratocles
to
the
Christian
Faith
,
upon
his
having
cured
them
of
several
desperate
Distempers
,
with
which
they
were
afflicted
.
When
he
was
Condemned
,
the
Pro-Consul
ordered
him
to
be
Scourged
;
and
as
he
was
going
to
be
Crucified
the
People
cryed
out
,
he
was
a
good
and
just
man
;
yet
he
was
fastened
upon
the
Cross
with
Ropes
,
that
he
might
be
the
longer
dying
,
the
Cross
being
two
beams
set
in
the
fashion
of
the
Letter
X.
From
this
Cross
,
after
he
was
fastened
to
it
,
he
Preached
to
the
People
for
the
space
of
two
days
;
and
by
his
admirable
Patience
,
Courage
and
Perseverance
,
Converted
many
to
the
Faith
.
During
his
hanging
there
,
great
sute
was
made
to
the
Pro-Consul
for
his
Life
,
but
our
Apostle
desired
them
not
to
Interceed
for
him
,
for
that
he
was
greatly
desirous
to
be
dissolved
,
and
to
be
with
Christ
.
Praying
earnestly
to
Heaven
that
he
might
at
that
time
finish
his
Race
,
and
be
Crowned
with
Martyrdom
:
And
so
it
happened
,
for
he
there
gave
up
the
Ghost
;
his
better
part
Ascending
to
his
Masters
Joy
.
After
which
,
his
Body
being
taken
down
,
was
Embalmed
at
the
Command
of
Maximilia
,
whom
he
had
Converted
,
and
afterwards
layed
in
a
Stately
Tomb
prepared
for
that
purpose
;
where
it
continued
till
the
time
of
Constantine
the
Great
,
and
was
at
his
Command
brought
to
Constantinople
,
and
buried
there
in
the
Great
Church
which
he
had
founded
to
the
Honour
of
the
Apostles
.
And
thus
much
for
St.
Andrew
,
for
whom
the
Scots
for
many
Ages
past
have
had
such
Veneration
,
that
they
Stiled
him
the
Patron
of
their
Country
;
bearing
his
Cross
in
their
Standard
:
and
,
during
the
time
that
Popery
overspread
that
Kingdom
,
payed
Divine
Adoration
at
his
Shrine
,
and
invoked
his
Aid
upon
all
Occasions
.
The
End
of
the
LIFE
of
St.
ANDREW
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
St.
JAMES
the
Great
Apostle
.
ST.
JAMES
,
sirnamed
the
Great
,
either
in
respect
of
his
Age
,
for
the
better
distinguishing
the
two
Apostles
of
that
name
,
or
for
some
peculiar
Favours
our
Lord
bestowed
upon
him
above
the
rest
.
By
Birth
he
was
a
Galilean
,
but
of
what
Town
is
uncertain
;
his
Father
was
Zebedee
,
he
being
by
Trade
a
Fisherman
,
being
nearly
related
to
the
Mother
of
our
Lord
:
This
was
he
who
,
together
with
his
Brother
,
left
their
Father
in
the
Ship
,
and
followed
Jesus
;
not
long
after
which
he
was
called
from
the
Station
of
an
Ordinary
Disciple
to
the
Apostolical
Office
,
and
not
that
alone
,
but
often
honoured
with
extraordinary
and
peculiar
Favours
,
above
the
rest
;
he
being
one
of
the
3
whom
our
Lord
usually
made
choice
of
to
admit
to
the
most
private
Transactions
of
his
Life
.
As
,
with
Peter
and
his
Brother
John
,
he
was
taken
by
our
Saviour
when
he
raised
Jairus's
Daughter
to
Life
,
as
likewise
a
Spectator
of
our
Saviour's
Glorious
Transfiguration
upon
the
Mount
,
and
was
with
him
in
the
Garden
,
at
the
time
of
his
Passion
;
as
likewise
all
along
upon
any
Extraordinary
occasion
.
This
was
one
of
the
Brethren
whose
Mother
asked
,
for
them
of
our
Saviour
,
that
one
might
sit
at
his
right
hand
,
and
the
other
at
his
left
,
in
the
Kingdom
of
Heaven
.
After
our
Saviour's
Ascension
,
Sophronius
tells
us
,
he
Preached
to
the
dispersed
Jews
;
which
can
be
meant
of
no
other
than
such
,
as
,
for
fear
of
the
Persecution
,
had
seperated
themselves
,
that
is
the
Christians
,
who
upon
the
Death
of
St.
Stephen
,
fled
from
their
Habitation
,
as
in
many
places
Ecclesiastical
History
makes
mention
:
But
the
Spanish
Fathers
alledge
,
and
greatly
contend
,
that
he
,
after
he
had
preached
the
Gospel
in
Judaea
,
and
Samaria
,
came
into
Spain
,
and
other
Western
parts
,
and
there
continued
preaching
for
a
long
Season
.
Some
will
have
it
,
that
he
came
from
thence
into
Britain
,
Ireland
and
other
Islands
of
the
Sea
;
and
after
having
appointed
such
Disciples
,
as
he
thought
most
convenient
to
carry
on
the
work
he
had
begun
,
he
returned
to
Jerusalem
.
Of
this
no
Antienter
Writers
,
than
such
as
lived
in
the
middle
Age
of
the
Church
,
give
us
any
Account
;
when
as
't
is
mentioned
by
Isidore
,
the
Breviary
of
Toledo
,
an
Arabick
Book
of
Anastasius
Patriarch
of
Antioch
,
concerning
the
Passion
of
the
Martyrs
,
as
likewise
several
others
after
them
:
But
Baronius
himself
,
does
not
much
credit
what
they
have
written
,
though
he
raised
some
Arguments
to
make
it
plausible
,
the
Apostle
might
take
such
a
Journey
,
though
few
believe
,
that
the
length
of
time
,
between
his
first
departure
from
Jerusalem
to
the
time
of
his
Martyrdom
,
could
well
permit
it
;
but
to
leave
that
to
the
Judgment
of
the
Reader
I
shall
proceed
.
Herod
Agrippa
,
Son
to
Aristobulus
,
and
Grandchild
to
Herod
the
Great
,
having
,
by
his
insinuating
into
the
favour
of
Claudius
,
the
new
Emperour
,
Successor
to
Caligula
,
obtained
an
Inlargement
of
his
Dominions
;
he
came
from
Rome
to
take
possession
of
the
same
,
and
being
very
zealous
for
the
Jewish
Religion
,
seldom
suffering
any
day
to
pass
wherein
he
was
not
present
at
the
Sacrifice
,
being
very
desirous
,
at
his
Entry
upon
his
additional
Soveraignty
,
for
the
better
ingratiating
himself
into
the
Hearts
of
the
People
,
he
could
see
no
readier
way
to
Effect
it
,
than
by
persecuting
the
Christians
:
A
sort
of
men
whom
he
well
knew
the
Jews
exceedingly
hated
,
as
professing
a
Novel
and
upstart
Religion
(
as
they
termed
it
)
which
was
quite
contrary
to
the
Mosaick
Institutions
.
Hereupon
he
caused
a
great
number
of
Christians
to
be
Imprisoned
,
and
Amongst
the
rest
our
Apostle
,
who
,
Maugre
all
his
Malice
,
when
the
Persecution
raged
most
,
Taught
and
Confirmed
such
as
were
wavering
.
A
short
time
after
his
Imprisonment
Sentence
of
Death
was
passed
upon
him
;
and
as
he
was
led
to
the
Place
of
Execution
,
according
to
Clemens
Alexandrinus
,
the
Souldier
or
Officer
who
guarded
him
to
the
place
of
his
Martyrdom
;
or
as
Suidas
will
have
it
,
his
Accuser
being
Convinced
,
by
the
Courage
and
Bravery
of
the
Apostle
,
in
his
chearfully
going
to
his
Death
,
came
and
fell
down
before
him
,
asking
Pardon
for
what
he
had
done
;
upon
which
the
Blessed
man
raised
him
from
the
ground
,
embraced
,
and
kissed
him
,
saying
,
Peace
my
Son
,
peace
be
to
thee
,
and
a
pardon
of
thy
faults
:
Whereupon
,
before
all
the
Assembly
,
he
openly
Confessed
his
Conversion
,
declaring
the
Christian
Faith
to
be
the
only
means
of
Salvation
,
declaring
that
he
was
ready
to
dye
for
the
same
:
which
accordingly
he
did
,
they
being
both
beheaded
at
the
same
time
.
But
as
for
the
Tyrant
,
he
lived
not
long
after
;
for
coming
into
the
Theatre
,
in
glorious
Apparel
,
to
make
a
Speech
to
the
People
,
on
Caesars
Birth-day
,
they
shouted
,
and
sayed
,
it
was
the
voice
of
a
God
,
and
not
of
a
man
,
which
was
soon
disproved
;
for
,
at
that
very
moment
,
Divine
Justice
overtook
him
,
and
he
was
eaten
up
with
Wormes
.
As
for
the
Body
of
our
Apostle
,
it
being
Interred
near
Jerusalem
,
was
from
thence
brought
into
Spain
,
and
there
said
to
do
many
Miracles
:
but
what
Credit
is
to
be
given
to
that
,
I
leave
to
the
Readers
Judgment
.
The
Life
of
St.
JOHN
the
Evangelist
.
ST.
JOHN
was
younger
Brother
to
St.
James
,
by
Birth
a
Galilaean
,
Son
to
Zebedee
and
Salome
,
by
Trade
a
Fisher
,
as
we
find
him
noted
in
Holy
Writ
,
being
called
at
the
same
time
that
his
Brother
was
and
is
noted
as
youngest
of
all
the
Disciples
.
To
this
Disciple
it
was
that
our
Saviour
said
,
if
I
will
that
he
shall
tarry
till
I
come
,
&c.
he
also
it
was
that
leaned
upon
his
Bosom
,
and
had
the
Honour
to
wait
upon
him
in
the
Hall
,
when
he
was
Condemned
,
as
also
at
the
place
where
he
suffered
,
and
to
whom
our
blessed
Lord
bequeathed
the
care
of
his
Mother
.
At
the
first
News
of
our
Saviour's
Resurrection
from
the
dead
he
,
accompanied
with
St.
Peter
,
ran
to
the
Sepulchre
,
and
he
it
was
that
first
gave
notice
of
it
to
the
rest
of
the
Disciples
.
A
while
after
we
find
that
as
he
and
Peter
were
preaching
,
they
were
cast
into
Prison
,
but
being
released
by
the
Sanhedrim
,
they
were
chosen
by
all
the
Apostles
to
go
down
to
Samaria
;
where
meeting
Simon
Magus
,
they
confounded
his
false
Miracles
;
and
not
long
after
the
Apostles
dividing
the
Provinces
amongst
them
,
Asia
Minor
fell
to
his
Lot
,
whither
(
after
the
death
of
the
Blessed
Virgin
)
he
went
and
preached
the
Gospel
in
many
Cities
,
as
in
Smyrna
,
Pergamus
,
Thyatira
,
Sardis
,
Philadelphia
,
Laodicea
,
and
others
;
and
now
coming
nearer
to
Rome
,
and
preaching
the
Gospel
,
he
was
accused
to
Domitian
(
that
great
Persecutor
of
the
Christians
)
that
he
was
an
eminent
Assertor
of
Atheisme
,
and
a
publick
subverter
of
the
Religion
of
the
Empire
,
whereupon
the
Tyrant
sent
an
express
Command
to
the
Proconsul
of
Asia
,
to
send
him
bound
to
Rome
;
which
being
done
accordingly
he
was
doomed
to
be
put
into
a
Caldron
of
boiling
Oyl
,
in
which
,
when
he
was
entered
,
he
stood
for
many
hours
unconcerned
,
nor
any
ways
hurt
,
as
Tortullian
has
it
,
which
so
amazed
the
Tyrant
that
he
gave
order
he
should
be
taken
out
:
but
that
Miracle
not
in
the
least
prevailing
with
him
he
banished
him
to
the
Isle
of
Patmos
;
a
disconsolate
Island
in
the
Archipelago
,
where
he
remained
several
years
.
There
it
was
he
wrote
his
Apocalypse
or
Revelations
,
wherein
by
frequent
Visions
and
Prophetical
representments
,
he
had
a
clear
prospect
of
the
state
and
condition
of
the
Church
through
all
Ages
which
certainly
was
not
the
least
token
of
our
Saviour's
Love
twards
him
:
nor
could
it
have
been
more
suitable
at
any
time
;
for
then
he
was
in
a
Melancholy
retirement
,
shut
up
from
all
Exercise
or
Converse
,
it
being
rather
a
Prison
than
an
Island
not
being
able
to
boast
of
any
comfort
but
such
as
he
received
from
heaven
.
A
Story
there
is
,
but
as
for
the
Truth
of
it
I
shall
no
way
assert
,
that
a
hand
remaines
to
this
day
in
a
Monastery
of
Greeks
Monks
in
that
Island
,
having
large
Nailes
upon
its
Fingers
,
which
as
fast
as
they
pare
them
grow
again
;
which
,
as
Bellon
in
his
Observations
relates
,
is
by
some
affirmed
to
be
the
same
hand
with
which
St.
John
wrote
his
Revelations
,
and
that
the
Turks
will
have
it
to
be
the
hand
of
one
of
their
Prophets
:
But
enough
of
this
.
After
the
Death
of
Domitian
,
Cocceius
Nerva
succeeding
him
in
the
Empire
he
revoked
many
of
his
wicked
Edicts
,
recalling
such
as
he
had
banished
;
of
which
Indulgence
St.
John
taking
the
advantage
,
left
Patmos
and
returned
again
to
Asia
his
antient
charge
,
but
chiefly
his
fixed
seat
at
Ephesus
,
where
he
had
left
Timothy
as
Bishop
or
President
,
who
during
his
Absence
had
been
Martyred
by
the
People
for
perswading
them
against
their
Heathenish
Rites
,
Feasts
and
Sports
.
St.
John
(
as
Nicephorus
reports
)
being
arrived
,
caused
several
small
Churches
for
Divine
Worship
to
be
erected
,
such
as
were
consistent
with
the
poverty
of
the
persecuted
Christians
,
and
that
after
he
had
settled
the
Affairs
of
the
Provinces
at
the
request
of
the
Bishop
of
Asia
,
he
wrote
his
Gospel
,
tho'
some
will
have
it
that
he
wrote
it
in
the
Isle
of
Patmos
during
his
confinement
there
.
According
to
the
best
account
that
Sacred
History
gives
us
,
he
lived
till
about
the
beginning
of
Trajans
Reign
,
and
then
being
about
98
or
99
years
old
he
died
.
Yet
Chrysostom
will
have
it
,
that
he
lived
120
years
,
and
that
being
100
when
he
wrote
his
Gospel
he
lived
20
years
after
;
of
the
same
Opinion
is
Dorotheus
,
but
this
seems
somewhat
improbable
;
for
according
to
this
Account
he
must
have
been
50
years
of
Age
when
he
was
called
to
be
a
Disciple
,
when
all
that
write
of
him
affirm
him
to
be
the
youngest
of
all
the
Apostles
.
He
dyed
said
the
Arabian
(
as
Kirsten
has
it
in
the
Lives
of
the
4
Evangelists
)
in
the
expectation
of
his
blessedness
,
from
which
he
infers
that
he
dyed
peaceably
,
and
not
a
violent
Death
;
although
Theophylact
and
others
(
but
without
any
warrant
)
do
conceive
that
he
died
a
Martyr
,
their
opinion
being
only
grounded
upon
the
words
of
our
Saviour
when
he
told
him
and
his
Brother
they
should
indeed
drink
of
the
cup
whereof
he
drank
and
be
Baptized
with
the
baptisme
wherewith
he
was
baptized
,
but
&c.
Yet
St.
Hierome
will
have
it
expounded
another
way
,
which
is
that
all
though
he
did
not
suffer
by
Execution
,
yet
he
being
put
into
boiling
Oyl
,
Banished
and
Persecuted
,
he
ought
to
be
accounted
a
Martyr
,
and
that
probably
our
Saviour
meant
such
like
Calamity
by
the
Cup
,
&c.
Many
there
are
likewise
who
have
cherished
a
fond
Opinion
that
he
never
dy'd
,
but
rather
that
he
sleeps
in
his
Grave
;
alluding
to
the
words
of
our
Saviour
upon
Peter's
inquiry
,
If
I
will
that
he
tarry
till
I
come
,
what
is
that
to
thee
?
John
chap.
21.
ver.
23.
Others
say
,
that
having
commanded
his
Grave
to
be
dug
,
he
went
into
it
,
and
ordered
such
as
went
with
him
to
fasten
down
a
great
stone
upon
the
same
,
and
come
the
next
Morning
and
look
into
it
,
which
they
did
,
and
found
nothing
there
but
the
Grave-cloaths
,
from
which
,
as
Nicephorus
relates
they
concluded
he
was
Ascended
,
he
having
intimated
some
such
thing
before
his
lying
down
.
It
is
farther
related
that
the
dust
upon
his
Grave
bubbles
up
,
which
some
affirm
is
by
reason
of
his
Breathing
;
and
that
Manna
or
sweet
Perfume-like
Flower
is
duly
cast
out
.
But
these
I
suppose
are
only
Monkish
Stories
to
amuse
the
Ignorant
,
and
since
we
have
no
certainty
of
any
such
thing
from
any
warrantable
Author
,
I
shall
not
trouble
the
Reader
any
farther
in
relating
them
.
The
Life
of
St.
PHILIP
the
Blessed
Martyr
.
ST.
PHILIP
was
born
at
Bethsaida
,
a
Town
or
City
near
the
Sea
of
Tiberias
,
it
being
likewise
the
Birth-place
of
Andrew
and
Peter
,
as
is
afore
recited
.
As
to
his
Calling
and
Parents
Holy
Writ
is
altogether
Silent
,
that
he
was
brought
up
in
Learning
,
and
well
skilled
in
the
Mosaick
Law
,
is
not
only
the
Opinion
of
Theophrastus
,
but
several
others
.
That
he
was
the
first
that
actually
as
a
Disciple
followed
our
Lord
,
is
certain
;
for
although
Peter
and
Andrew
were
first
called
,
yet
they
returned
again
to
their
Trades
,
continuing
at
them
,
for
the
space
of
a
year
before
they
entered
themselves
under
his
Banner
:
And
now
the
Prophetick
time
being
expired
,
at
the
end
of
which
the
Messiah
was
to
come
,
he
was
looked
for
by
most
of
the
Jewish
Rabbins
;
but
they
,
through
their
misunderstanding
,
being
blinded
,
as
supposing
he
should
descend
from
heaven
attended
with
Hierarchies
of
Angels
,
did
not
imagine
he
could
be
shrouded
under
the
disguise
of
Flesh
and
Blood
;
wherefore
that
he
might
work
out
the
Redemption
of
Mankind
,
he
rather
chose
the
mean
and
poorer
sort
of
Men
than
the
Rich
and
Mighty
.
No
sooner
had
Religion
taken
Possession
in
the
Mind
of
this
Apostle
,
but
he
sought
for
others
of
his
Friends
,
and
especially
Nathanael
,
a
Person
of
great
Eminency
,
to
whom
he
imparted
the
glad
Tidings
of
his
having
found
the
Messiah
,
and
immediately
conducted
him
to
him
.
After
his
Call
to
the
Apostleship
,
no
great
matter
is
recorded
of
him
in
Sacred
Writ
;
only
we
read
that
he
Converted
the
Eunuch
belonging
to
the
Queen
of
Aethiopia
,
and
that
he
was
Miraculously
taken
up
by
the
Holy
Spirit
and
carried
(
through
the
Air
past
doubt
)
to
another
place
.
To
Philip
it
was
that
our
Saviour
propounded
the
Question
,
What
they
should
do
for
so
much
bread
in
the
Wilderness
,
as
would
suffice
so
many
thousands
as
were
present
?
John
chap.
6.
ver.
5.
It
was
with
him
that
our
Lord
discoursed
(
before
the
Eating
of
the
last
Paschal
Lamb
)
in
Relation
to
himself
.
To
him
it
was
that
the
Gentile
Proselytes
,
who
were
desirous
to
see
our
Saviour
,
addressed
themselves
.
It
was
he
likewise
that
desired
our
Saviour
to
shew
him
the
Father
,
and
was
reproved
for
his
Ignorance
in
not
understanding
the
foregoing
words
of
his
Lord
and
Master
,
who
told
him
that
he
was
the
Image
of
his
father
;
and
that
what
he
did
was
by
his
appointment
,
and
that
the
Miracles
that
he
had
wrought
were
sufficient
to
convince
him
,
that
he
was
sent
by
the
Father
.
When
our
Apostle
came
to
have
his
Portion
set
apart
wherein
he
should
Preach
,
the
Gospel
,
Origen
and
others
inform
us
that
part
of
the
upper
Asia
fell
to
his
Lot
;
and
some
affirmed
that
he
preached
in
Scythia
,
but
of
the
Latter
there
is
no
certainty
:
But
however
in
such
places
as
he
preached
he
confirmed
the
People
by
several
Miracles
that
he
wrought
,
baptizing
many
into
the
Faith
of
Christ
,
reproving
Idolatry
,
and
casting
out
Devils
;
insomuch
that
his
:
Fame
spread
throughout
all
those
Countries
;
and
having
for
many
years
carried
on
the
Great
work
of
the
Gospel
,
he
came
at
last
to
Hierapolis
,
a
City
in
Phrygia
,
where
the
People
worshipped
a
Dragon
for
their
God
by
the
name
of
Jupiter
Ammon
;
which
Blindness
and
Superstitious
Idolatry
,
so
moved
the
Apostle
to
pity
them
,
that
he
earnestly
put
up
his
Prayers
to
Heaven
,
that
that
deluding
Deity
might
be
destroyed
;
which
were
soon
Answered
,
and
the
Serpent
and
Fiend
that
continued
for
a
long
time
before
in
it
to
give
Answers
to
such
as
came
to
enquire
any
thing
,
vanished
,
at
least
the
latter
;
and
then
he
preached
to
them
the
way
of
Saving
Knowledge
,
alledging
that
God
had
sent
his
Son
into
the
World
to
save
Sinners
,
and
that
through
his
Blood
only
they
must
be
washed
from
their
sins
declaring
the
Goodness
and
infinite
Mercy
of
God
in
so
doing
.
Which
so
abashed
many
of
the
Idolaters
,
that
they
were
utterly
ashamed
of
the
God
they
had
formerly
worshipped
,
insomuch
that
a
great
number
of
them
were
Converted
to
the
Christian
Faith
.
So
powerful
was
the
Operation
of
the
Holy
Spirit
,
which
put
in
with
the
preaching
of
that
Apostle
,
to
finish
the
work
;
upon
which
Satan
perceiving
his
Kingdom
to
decay
used
all
endeavours
to
raise
up
a
Persecution
,
the
which
in
the
end
God
permitted
,
and
by
order
of
the
Magistrates
the
Apostle
was
seized
and
carried
to
Prison
,
and
after
his
being
Sentenced
he
was
Cruelly
scourged
,
and
after
that
hanged
by
the
neck
against
a
pillar
;
though
some
would
,
have
it
,
that
he
was
Crucified
,
but
however
during
the
execution
such
a
terrible
Earthquake
happened
that
the
Earth
began
to
open
so
that
the
affrighted
People
cryed
to
Heaven
for
Mercy
,
upon
which
it
instantly
stayed
.
The
Apostle
being
dead
his
body
was
taken
down
by
St.
Barnabas
his
Companion
in
the
Ministry
of
the
Gospel
at
that
time
and
Mariamne
St.
Philip's
Sister
who
bore
him
Company
in
all
his
Travels
after
they
had
taken
him
down
they
decently
interr'd
him
,
and
when
they
had
confirmed
the
People
in
the
Faith
of
Christ
,
they
departed
thence
.
That
St.
Philip
was
Married
is
generally
affirmed
not
only
by
Clemens
of
Alexandria
,
but
by
divers
others
,
who
reckon
him
amongst
the
number
of
the
married
Apostles
,
Polycrates
Bishop
of
Ephesus
tells
us
that
Philip
the
Apostle
suffered
Martyrdom
at
Hierapolis
with
two
of
his
Daughters
,
who
persevered
in
their
Virginity
,
and
that
a
third
died
at
Ephesus
and
was
buried
there
:
but
some
think
he
might
be
mistaken
and
take
Philip
the
Deacon
,
who
lived
at
Caesarea
;
of
whose
Daughters
we
read
in
the
History
of
the
Apostles
;
but
of
this
no
certainty
:
but
it
is
observed
by
the
Antients
,
that
he
was
one
of
the
Apostles
that
left
no
Sacred
Writings
behind
him
,
the
greater
part
of
his
Life
(
as
Eusebius
observes
)
being
taken
up
and
Employed
in
the
Ministry
of
the
Gospel
,
in
Preaching
and
Instructing
the
Nations
,
having
little
time
to
write
any
books
;
or
if
he
did
,
perhaps
they
might
be
lost
either
at
the
time
of
his
Death
,
or
afterward
;
and
so
failed
of
being
transmitted
to
Posterity
.
Though
Epiphanius
informs
us
that
the
Ghosticks
in
former
times
produced
a
Gospel
giving
it
the
name
of
St.
Philip's
Gospel
which
they
applyed
to
the
patronizing
of
their
pernicious
Principles
,
and
diabolick
Practices
;
but
the
cheat
was
soon
discovered
,
and
the
specious
Arguments
they
used
to
prove
it
his
,
were
overthrown
and
Silenced
.
The
Life
of
St.
BARTHOLOMEW
the
Apostle
and
Martyr
.
SAcred
History
failes
not
to
Inform
us
,
that
St.
Bartholomew
was
one
of
the
Twelve
Apostles
;
but
takes
no
farther
notice
of
him
than
the
bare
mention
of
his
Name
,
probably
by
reason
he
lies
concealed
under
some
other
name
;
insomuch
that
the
Antients
think
him
to
be
the
same
Person
with
Nathanael
:
and
what
the
rather
induces
them
so
to
think
,
is
by
reason
that
in
their
first
coming
to
Christ
,
as
in
St.
John
,
Philip
and
Nathanael
are
joyned
together
,
so
in
the
other
Evangelists
Philip
and
Bartholomew
.
So
that
it
is
not
unlikely
but
a
mistake
might
happen
,
either
in
the
Original
or
Translation
,
nor
can
it
be
imagined
it
was
otherwise
.
But
this
difficulty
being
either
cleared
or
layed
aside
,
I
shall
proceed
.
Numbred
amongst
the
Apostles
he
was
,
and
is
said
to
be
by
Birth
an
Assyrian
,
descended
from
the
Ptolomies
of
Aegypt
:
But
it
is
more
likely
that
he
was
a
Galilaean
,
and
if
he
be
the
same
Person
with
Nathanael
,
he
must
consequently
be
so
,
it
being
plain
that
he
was
of
Cana
in
Galilee
.
But
of
what
Calling
or
Tribe
is
not
set
down
.
He
was
brought
to
our
Saviour
by
Philip
,
and
being
confirmed
that
he
was
the
Messia
,
he
followed
him
to
the
last
;
and
having
with
the
rest
received
the
Holy
Ghost
,
he
preached
the
Gospel
powerfully
and
plainly
to
the
Jews
and
Gentiles
,
accompanying
Philip
for
the
most
part
,
and
as
the
Ecclesiastical
History
makes
mention
,
he
went
to
the
hither
India
,
which
most
imagine
was
that
part
of
it
that
lies
towards
Asia
,
tho'
Socrates
tells
us
,
it
was
the
India
bordering
upon
Aethiopia
;
which
then
must
be
the
Asian
Aethiopia
;
and
Sophronius
calls
it
the
Happy
India
;
and
informs
us
,
that
he
carried
thither
St.
Matthew's
Gospel
,
which
he
there
left
behind
him
.
But
Eusebius
gives
us
a
fuller
Relation
,
that
when
Pantanus
a
famous
Philosopher
,
but
a
Christian
,
coming
many
years
after
into
the
Indies
,
he
,
amongst
the
Christians
that
he
there
found
,
had
a
sight
of
St.
Matthew's
Gospel
written
in
Hebrew
which
was
as
they
reported
the
Gospel
St.
Bartholomew
left
behind
him
,
when
he
planted
the
Gospel
amongst
them
.
In
the
next
place
we
find
him
at
Hierapolis
,
a
City
in
Phrygia
,
where
he
had
in
all
likelihood
suffered
with
St.
Philip
,
had
not
the
Earthquake
over-awed
his
Executioners
,
for
certain
it
is
he
was
at
the
same
time
bound
to
a
Cross
,
but
when
they
saw
that
Divine
Vengeance
was
ready
to
overtake
them
for
their
impious
Rage
against
the
Apostles
,
they
unbound
him
and
set
him
at
Liberty
;
from
whence
,
as
some
think
he
journeyed
to
Lycaonia
,
for
there
,
as
St.
Chrysostom
affirms
,
he
preached
the
Gospel
,
and
Converted
many
to
the
Christian
Faith
from
whence
he
departed
to
Albanopolis
in
Armenia
the
Great
,
a
place
much
given
to
Idolatrous
Worship
,
from
which
whilst
he
thought
to
reclaim
them
and
Convert
them
to
the
true
Religion
,
the
Governour
of
the
City
caused
him
to
be
apprehended
and
Condemned
for
endeavouring
(
as
he
alledged
)
to
draw
the
People
from
their
Obedience
.
His
Sentence
was
to
be
Crucified
;
and
when
the
day
of
Execution
came
,
he
went
chearfully
to
embrace
his
Death
Comforting
and
Exhorting
his
Proselytes
to
keep
stedfast
in
the
Faith
and
Doctrine
that
they
had
received
,
which
was
able
to
make
them
wise
unto
salvation
:
and
so
continued
to
instruct
them
to
the
last
moment
of
his
Life
.
Several
there
are
that
affirm
he
was
Crucified
with
his
head
downwards
,
and
that
he
was
fleyed
alive
,
which
cruel
usuage
as
Plutarch
relateth
was
common
in
that
Country
.
After
his
Death
,
his
Body
was
removed
to
Darus
a
City
in
the
Borders
of
Persia
;
from
thence
to
Lisparis
,
one
of
the
Aetolian
Cities
;
from
thence
to
Benevent
in
Italy
,
and
from
thence
to
Rome
.
After
his
Death
,
a
certain
Sect
of
Hereticks
produced
a
Fabulous
Gospel
under
the
Title
of
his
name
;
but
it
was
soon
descryed
to
be
a
Cheat
,
and
not
only
rejected
as
Apocryphical
,
but
also
layed
aside
even
by
those
who
had
been
the
Forgers
of
the
same
.
The
End
of
the
LIFE
of
St.
BARTHOLOMEW
.
The
Life
of
St.
MATTHEW
the
Evangelist
,
together
with
his
Martyrdom
.
ST.
Matthew
otherwise
called
Levi
,
was
born
a●
Nazareth
,
a
City
belonging
to
the
Tribe
o●
Zebulon
,
where
our
Saviour
was
brought
up
.
He
was
the
Son
of
Alpheus
and
Mary
,
Sister
o●
Kinswoman
to
the
blessed
Virgin
.
His
Employ
was
a
Tax-gatherer
under
the
Roman
Publicans
an
Office
though
detestable
amongst
the
Jews
yet
greatly
esteemed
amongst
the
Romans
.
Ou●
Saviour
first
espied
him
near
to
the
Sea
of
Capernaum
,
where
he
sat
at
the
receipt
of
Custom
and
had
no
sooner
called
him
,
but
he
left
his
Wealth
and
followed
him
,
and
at
that
time
entertained
our
Saviour
and
his
Retinue
at
Dinner
,
whereupon
the
Pharisees
upbraided
him
,
that
he
eat
with
Publicans
and
Sinners
,
when
as
he
told
them
that
it
was
only
those
that
were
sick
who
needed
a
Physitian
.
After
his
Election
to
the
Apostolate
,
he
continued
at
Jerusalem
till
our
Lord's
Ascension
;
the●
preached
the
Gospel
in
Judaea
for
several
years
,
and
at
his
departure
he
wrote
his
Gospel
and
left
it
with
the
Christians
whom
he
had
Converted
.
From
thence
he
turned
to
the
Gentiles
,
making
(
as
is
most
likely
)
his
first
Progress
into
Aethiopia
,
that
being
the
Province
assigned
to
him
.
But
Metaphrastus
will
have
it
,
that
he
went
into
Parthia
,
and
having
planted
Christianity
in
those
parts
,
he
thence
travelled
into
Aethiopia
,
where
by
his
Preaching
and
working
Miracles
he
Converted
many
to
the
Christian
Faith
,
ordaining
Spiritual
Guides
and
Pastors
to
instruct
them
in
the
way
of
Truth
:
When
having
continued
a
considerable
time
amongst
them
,
Nicophorus
in
his
Ecclesiastical
History
tells
us
,
That
he
went
into
a
country
of
Canibals
constituting
Plato
,
one
of
his
followers
,
Bishop
of
Myrmena
;
and
that
our
Saviour
appearing
to
him
in
the
form
of
a
beautiful
youth
,
gave
him
a
wand
,
which
he
pitching
in
the
ground
,
it
strait
sprung
up
a
tall
Tree
:
and
that
by
his
working
Miracles
he
Converted
the
Prince
of
that
Country
.
But
as
to
the
Credit
of
those
Reports
,
I
must
refer
them
to
the
Judgement
of
the
Reader
,
by
reason
they
have
been
looked
upon
by
some
as
Fabulous
and
groundless
.
We
find
it
in
an
Antient
Author
,
that
he
suffer'd
Martyrdom
at
Naddabar
,
a
City
of
Aethiopia
,
but
what
kind
of
Death
he
died
is
not
therein
mentioned
;
and
as
Dorotheus
Reports
,
he
was
Buried
at
Hierapolis
.
During
his
Life-time
,
he
was
a
great
Assertor
of
the
true
Religion
;
a
contemner
of
Worldly
Treasure
,
which
is
evident
by
his
leaving
so
gainful
a
Calling
to
follow
our
Saviour
.
As
for
his
Humility
,
he
exceeded
any
of
his
Fellows
which
may
well
be
observed
in
his
Writings
,
where
he
gives
them
the
Pre-eminency
.
His
Diet
was
very
spare
,
he
feeding
for
the
most
part
on
Leaves
and
Roots
.
His
Age
at
the
of
his
Death
is
not
certainly
known
,
though
some
are
of
Opinion
he
died
in
the
70
year
,
&c.
He
having
written
his
Gospel
as
is
aforesaid
,
a
Copy
of
it
is
said
to
be
found
anno
485
in
the
Grave
of
St.
Barnabas
in
Cyprus
.
Nor
was
free
from
having
counterfeits
fathered
upon
him
after
his
Death
,
but
they
like
all
the
rest
vanished
like
Smoke
,
the
true
Word
of
God
being
only
permanent
.
The
End
of
St.
MATTHEW'S
Life
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
St.
THOMAS
the
Apostle
.
SAcred
Writ
makes
not
either
mention
of
the
Birth-place
or
Parents
of
this
Apostle
,
but
that
he
was
a
Jew
is
most
certain
.
As
for
his
Calling
,
if
Metaphrastus
says
right
,
he
was
a
Fisherman
,
as
indeed
the
greatest
part
of
the
Apostles
were
;
he
having
two
Names
,
Thomas
and
Didymus
,
the
latter
we
cannot
but
suppose
might
upon
some
occasion
be
given
him
some
time
after
his
Circumcision
;
the
Jews
not
usually
receiving
any
more
than
one
name
at
the
performance
of
that
Grand
Ceremony
.
A
man
of
Resolution
and
Zeal
he
was
,
as
we
may
Ghess
,
for
when
the
rest
of
the
Disciples
endeavoured
to
perswade
our
Saviour
from
going
into
Judaea
,
when
he
purposed
to
raise
Lazarus
from
the
dead
,
objecting
,
that
the
Jews
layed
wait
to
stone
him
and
putting
him
in
mind
,
how
lately
they
had
attempted
it
:
But
Thomas
alone
stood
up
,
and
admonished
them
not
to
perswade
him
from
it
,
but
said
,
Let
us
also
go
that
we
may
die
with
him
,
John
11.16
.
All
that
can
be
charged
upon
him
,
is
his
unaptness
of
Belief
,
and
want
of
a
quick
Apprehension
readily
to
understand
our
Saviour's
words
,
which
some
of
the
Fathers
have
rather
attributed
to
a
sound
Judgment
and
mature
Deliberation
,
in
not
being
over
hasty
to
give
Credit
till
he
had
fully
understood
and
weighed
what
was
said
;
and
for
that
purpose
they
quote
St.
Paul
,
who
calls
the
Beraeans
blessed
because
they
searched
the
Scriptures
to
see
if
those
things
that
were
taught
by
the
Apostles
were
so
or
no.
But
of
his
incredibility
in
not
believing
our
Saviour's
Resurrection
,
after
he
had
such
converse
with
him
,
and
seen
such
Miracles
few
can
excuse
him
.
But
in
that
point
he
was
soon
convinced
of
his
Error
,
crying
out
my
Lord
and
my
God
.
The
blessed
Jesus
being
gone
to
Heaven
to
prepare
the
happy
Mansions
,
he
had
promised
whilst
on
Earth
,
for
those
that
love
and
serve
him
.
And
this
Apostle
together
with
the
rest
having
received
the
Holy
Ghost
,
used
double
diligence
to
obliterate
what
had
been
amiss
,
for
as
't
is
said
,
no
sooner
had
he
received
the
powerful
influence
of
the
Divine
Spirit
,
but
he
sent
Thaddaeus
,
one
of
the
70
Disciples
to
Abgarus
Toparch
of
Edessa
(
between
whom
and
our
Blessed
Lord
some
Letters
had
passed
,
as
Eusebius
has
it
)
to
tell
him
what
glorious
things
had
happened
and
to
admonish
him
to
keep
stedfast
in
the
Faith
he
had
received
,
he
having
been
Converted
in
our
Saviour's
time
upon
the
Cure
of
a
Malignant
distemper
.
The
Province
that
was
assigned
him
,
as
Origen
informes
us
was
Parthia
;
but
Sophronius
tells
us
,
that
he
preached
the
Gospel
to
the
Persians
,
Medes
,
Carmans
,
Hyrcanians
,
Bactrians
,
and
several
other
Countries
adjacent
.
And
it
is
recorded
by
an
Antient
Writer
,
that
in
Persia
he
met
the
three
Wise
Men
that
came
to
make
their
Offerings
to
our
Saviour
at
his
Birth
;
and
that
after
he
had
baptized
them
,
he
took
them
with
him
as
his
Fellow
Labourers
in
the
Gospel
;
and
then
as
Chrysostom
has
it
,
he
went
to
Aethiopia
,
which
must
be
meant
of
the
Asian
Aethiopia
,
and
,
as
Nicephorus
farther
adds
,
he
having
Travelled
through
those
Countries
came
at
last
to
the
Indies
,
but
was
afraid
at
first
to
venture
himself
amongst
such
Barbarous
People
,
but
being
encouraged
by
a
Vision
that
gave
full
Assurance
of
the
Divine
Presence
to
be
always
with
him
,
and
to
preserve
him
from
danger
,
he
set
forward
and
preached
the
Gospel
,
as
far
as
Taprobane
,
since
called
Sumatra
:
and
as
he
went
Converted
many
of
those
(
in
a
manner
)
wild
and
savage
People
.
Such
is
the
powerful
Operation
of
the
Holy
Spirit
,
that
it
can
tame
the
Fiercest
;
and
give
Saving
Knowledge
to
the
most
Ignorant
!
There
he
shewed
them
the
Follies
and
Idolatries
they
had
blindly
pursued
;
and
that
they
instead
of
the
true
God
,
had
worshipped
Images
inspired
by
Daemons
,
desiring
them
at
last
to
lay
aside
their
Idols
,
and
embrace
the
Truth
of
Christianity
,
by
which
means
they
should
not
only
be
blessed
whilst
upon
Earth
,
but
have
Eternal
Happiness
hereafter
.
By
this
and
several
convincing
Miracles
,
he
brought
many
over
to
the
Faith
.
And
now
because
that
Ecclesiastick
History
affords
us
nothing
further
Memorable
of
this
Apostle
,
I
shall
not
think
it
amiss
to
give
the
Reader
a
sight
of
the
Account
the
Portugals
,
upon
their
discovery
of
those
Countries
,
received
from
the
Inhabitants
,
which
is
,
that
St.
Thomas
came
first
to
Soccotora
,
an
Island
in
the
Arabian
Sea
,
and
from
thence
he
departed
to
Cranganor
,
where
having
planted
the
Gospel
he
went
to
the
Kingdom
of
Cormandel
,
where
preaching
in
several
Towns
and
Villages
,
at
last
he
came
to
Malipur
the
chief
City
;
and
there
,
after
having
Converted
many
to
the
Faith
,
he
went
about
to
Found
a
Church
for
the
Establishing
Divine
Worship
;
but
being
forbidden
by
Sagamo
,
Prince
of
that
Country
,
it
ceased
for
some
time
:
but
the
Apostle
by
his
Miracles
having
Converted
the
Prince
and
a
great
part
of
his
Nobility
it
was
builded
.
Which
so
inraged
the
Brachamans
or
Heathen
Priests
,
that
they
sought
alway
to
destroy
the
Apostle
,
as
hoping
by
that
means
to
extirpate
his
Doctrine
,
which
by
being
embraced
on
all
hands
had
near
spoiled
their
Trade
.
So
that
one
day
when
he
was
praying
alone
in
a
solitary
place
they
came
upon
him
with
Stones
,
Darts
and
Spears
;
and
after
having
grievously
wounded
him
,
one
of
them
run
him
through
the
body
with
a
Spear
.
After
which
his
Body
being
taken
up
by
his
well-willers
,
it
was
Buried
with
great
Solemnity
in
the
Church
that
he
had
built
,
which
was
afterwards
greatly
inlarged
.
Gregory
of
Tours
in
his
book
of
the
Glory
of
Martyrdom
tells
us
of
many
Miracles
that
are
done
on
the
day
of
his
Martyrdom
;
and
one
,
if
true
,
a
perpetual
one
,
which
is
a
Lamp
that
burns
before
his
Tomb
without
the
help
of
Oyl
,
or
any
other
combustible
matter
,
and
no
Wind
nor
other
accident
can
extinguish
it
.
Certain
it
is
,
that
the
Portugals
at
their
first
coming
thither
did
find
a
sort
of
Christians
in
those
Countreys
that
went
by
the
name
of
St.
Thomas
his
Christians
;
and
that
they
had
Churches
of
Divine
Worship
and
lived
up
to
the
very
strictness
of
Religion
;
being
governed
by
a
Patriarch
,
and
differing
very
little
in
their
manney
of
worship
from
us
.
A
Story
there
is
,
that
whilst
Don
Alfons
Sousa
one
of
the
first
Vice-Roys
in
the
Indies
under
John
third
King
of
Portugal
,
continued
in
those
parts
a
famous
Cross
was
found
in
St.
Thomas's
Chappel
with
an
Inscription
on
it
,
which
they
compelled
a
Learned
Bramin
to
Interpret
,
who
gave
it
thus
,
that
in
the
time
of
King
Sagamo
,
one
Thomas
a
Divine
Person
was
sent
by
the
Son
of
God
into
those
Countries
to
instruct
the
People
in
the
Knowledge
of
the
true
God
;
that
he
builded
a
Church
,
and
performed
extraordinary
Miracles
,
but
at
last
,
whilst
he
was
Kneeling
at
his
Devotion
he
was
by
a
Brachman
thrust
through
with
a
Spear
,
and
that
that
Cross
stained
with
his
Blood
had
been
left
as
a
memorial
of
what
had
happened
.
They
farther
add
that
another
Bramin
being
called
,
interpreted
it
after
the
same
manner
,
and
so
I
shall
leave
it
to
the
consideration
of
the
Reader
,
as
a
thing
no
ways
impossible
to
bear
the
face
of
Truth
,
the
matter
of
the
Lamp
excepted
.
The
End
of
St.
THOMAS
his
Life
.
The
Life
and
Glorious
Martyrdom
of
St.
JAMES
the
Less
,
an
Apostle
.
SOme
Scruple
there
has
been
made
about
this
Apostle
;
whether
he
that
St.
Paul
calls
our
Lords
Brother
,
was
the
same
with
him
that
sat
Bishop
of
Jerusalem
,
and
was
called
James
the
Just
.
But
seeing
there
is
no
mention
of
any
James
more
than
two
in
Scripture
,
that
were
Apostles
,
it
will
not
be
amiss
to
take
it
for
granted
that
there
were
no
other
than
James
the
Great
and
James
the
Less
,
and
that
this
Apostle
was
the
same
Person
with
James
the
Just
,
and
then
consequently
the
same
James
that
sat
Bishop
of
Jerusalem
;
and
that
which
induces
me
the
rather
to
believe
it
,
is
because
all
the
Arguments
that
have
been
used
to
disprove
it
,
have
not
been
admitted
as
reasonable
by
the
Antients
.
Thus
having
opened
the
matter
,
I
shall
proceed
●o
the
History
of
his
Life
.
He
was
past
doubt
●he
Son
of
Joseph
(
who
Espoused
the
Blessed
Virgin
)
by
a
former
Wife
,
and
thence
call'd
our
Lord's
Brother
,
for
as
the
Jews
objected
against
●ur
Saviour
,
when
he
wrought
such
Miracles
in
〈◊〉
their
sight
as
never
man
did
,
Is
not
this
the
Car●●nters
Son
?
is
not
his
Mother
called
Mary
,
and
his
●rethren
James
and
Joses
and
Simon
and
Jude
,
and
●s
Sisters
are
they
not
all
with
us
?
whence
then
hath
●it
man
these
things
Mat.
13.55
,
56.
As
for
the
certain
place
of
his
Birth
,
no
mention
is
made
,
nor
of
his
Employment
,
before
he
was
called
to
be
a
Disciple
.
In
which
Station
he
behaved
himself
so
prudently
,
that
our
Saviour
highly
favoured
him
during
his
Continuance
upon
Earth
,
especially
after
his
Resurrection
,
particularly
appearing
unto
him
,
as
St.
Paul
has
it
in
hi●
first
Epistle
to
the
Corinthians
,
chap.
15.
ver.
7.
where
he
discoursing
about
our
Lord's
Appearance
to
500
Brethren
at
once
,
he
expresly
says
that
afterwards
he
was
seen
of
James
.
St.
Hierom
gives
us
an
Account
,
that
in
the
Hebrew
Gospel
of
the
Nazaren
,
this
passage
is
inserted
,
viz.
that
St.
James
having
made
a
solem●
Protestation
after
our
Saviour's
last
Supper
,
tha●
he
would
eat
no
Bread
till
he
saw
the
Lord
rise●
from
the
Dead
.
Therefore
when
our
Savio●●
was
returned
from
the
Arms
of
the
Grave
,
he
a●peared
to
him
and
commanding
Bread
to
be
〈◊〉
before
him
,
he
broke
it
,
and
gave
it
to
him
,
saying
,
eat
thy
bread
my
brother
,
for
the
Son
of
man
〈◊〉
truly
risen
from
among
them
that
sleep
.
After
th●
Ascension
of
our
Saviour
,
though
no
particul●●
time
is
mentioned
,
he
was
by
the
unanimous
co●sent
of
the
Apostles
chosen
Bishop
of
Jerusalem
being
preferred
before
the
rest
in
relation
of
〈◊〉
being
a
kin
to
our
Lord
.
A
while
after
we
find
Paul
upon
his
Conversi●●
making
his
address
to
him
,
desiring
his
Conversa●●on
,
and
giving
him
the
right
hand
of
Fellowshi●
And
to
him
it
was
that
St.
Peter
,
after
his
Mirac●lous
delivery
out
of
Prison
by
the
Angel
,
sent
tell
what
had
happened
.
He
it
was
who
was
Pri●cipal
in
the
Synod
at
Jerusalem
,
when
the
mat●●●
in
relation
to
the
Gentile
Converts
,
was
in
D●bate
;
and
there
notwithstanding
St.
Peter
and
others
were
present
,
he
stood
up
and
passed
the
Decretory
Sentence
,
which
render'd
him
greatly
honoured
by
all
the
Apostles
,
who
gave
him
precedency
in
such
a
weighty
Affair
;
which
had
St.
Peter
done
,
the
Church
of
Rome
would
past
doubt
have
Trumpeted
it
out
as
the
main
Argument
of
his
being
the
chief
of
all
the
Apostles
.
In
fine
,
he
administred
in
his
Province
with
Care
and
Diligence
,
omitting
no
part
that
appertained
to
his
Ministry
,
that
by
his
uprightness
and
unwearied
endeavours
he
so
calmed
the
stubborn
Jews
,
that
a
great
number
not
only
of
the
vulgar
sort
,
but
of
those
of
most
eminence
amongst
them
adhered
to
his
Doctrine
.
Yet
there
wanted
not
some
Sons
of
Belial
amongst
them
to
inveigh
against
him
,
and
stir
up
the
Multitude
as
they
saw
fit
opportunity
,
and
these
were
the
Engines
of
the
Scribes
and
Pharisees
,
even
such
notorious
Villains
as
they
could
hire
,
to
promote
mischief
.
These
insinuated
into
the
multitude
that
the
Apostle
was
a
Perverter
of
the
Law
of
Moses
,
and
a
stirer
up
to
Rebellion
;
and
that
,
if
such
things
were
suffered
,
God
would
bring
the
Romans
upon
them
to
take
away
their
Country
.
That
having
spread
their
Infection
abroad
though
to
little
purpose
,
they
resolved
to
try
an
other
way
,
whereupon
the
Scribes
and
Pharisees
(
those
Masters
of
mischievous
invention
,
and
chief
dissemblers
)
came
to
the
Apostle
at
the
Feast
of
the
Passover
telling
,
that
since
the
People
were
unsettled
in
their
Opinions
,
they
did
not
think
it
amiss
that
he
should
from
a
convenient
place
stand
over
the
Temple
porch
,
and
exhort
them
to
a
stedfast
belief
of
Christianity
;
telling
him
that
for
their
parts
they
looked
upon
Jesus
as
the
true
Messiah
.
To
which
the
Apostle
consenting
,
when
he
was
conveniently
placed
,
they
with
a
loud
Voice
made
this
following
Address
to
him
,
Tell
us
,
O
Justus
,
whom
we
have
all
the
reason
in
the
world
to
believe
,
That
seeing
the
people
are
so
generally
led
away
with
the
doctrine
of
Jesus
that
was
crucified
,
tell
us
what
is
the
Institution
of
the
crucified
Jesus
.
Whereunto
the
Apostle
made
answer
with
an
audible
Voice
,
saying
,
why
do
ye
enquire
of
Jesus
the
son
of
man
,
he
sits
in
Heaven
on
the
right
hand
of
the
Majesty
on
high
,
and
will
come
again
in
the
Clouds
of
Heaven
.
Which
the
People
that
were
below
no
sooner
heard
,
but
with
a
Loud
shout
they
Glorified
the
blessed
Jesus
,
and
proclaimed
him
with
Hosanna's
.
Whereupon
the
Scribes
and
Pharisees
seeing
their
Policy
defeated
,
and
that
they
had
rather
confirmed
the
People
than
any
ways
withdrawn
them
,
it
so
enraged
them
,
that
thereupon
they
resolved
his
death
and
crying
out
that
Justus
himself
was
seduced
and
become
an
Impostor
;
then
took
him
up
by
force
and
threw
him
down
from
the
Battlements
:
Notwithstanding
which
fall
he
reared
himself
upon
his
Knees
and
prayed
for
them
,
the
which
whilst
he
was
doing
,
such
Villains
as
they
had
appointed
for
that
purpose
fell
upon
him
with
Clubs
and
Stone
till
one
amongst
the
rest
(
notwithstanding
the
Intreaty
of
many
to
save
his
Life
)
with
a
Fuller's
Club
beat
out
his
Brains
,
and
by
that
means
gave
his
Soul
a
passage
to
the
Eternal
Habitations
of
Bliss
and
Joy
that
fade
not
away
.
He
dyed
in
the
94
year
of
his
Age
,
and
24
after
Christs
Ascension
to
the
grief
of
all
good
Men.
Gregory
Bishop
of
Tours
informs
us
that
he
was
buried
upon
Mount
Olivet
,
in
a
Tomb
which
he
had
caused
to
be
erected
during
his
Life
.
In
which
he
had
buried
old
Simeon
and
Zacharias
,
though
Hegesippus
will
have
it
that
he
was
buried
near
the
Temple
in
the
place
where
he
was
Martyred
,
and
that
there
being
a
Monument
erected
for
him
,
it
continued
there
for
many
years
after
.
The
End
of
the
LIFE
of
St.
JAMES
the
Less
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
SIMON
the
Zelot
,
an
Apostle
.
THis
Apostle
,
as
most
are
apt
to
believe
,
was
one
of
our
Lord's
Brothers
;
that
is
,
Son
to
Joseph
,
who
Espoused
the
Blessed
Virgin
.
Amongst
the
Apostles
he
is
stiled
Simon
the
Canaanite
,
whence
some
Conjecture
that
he
was
born
at
Cana
in
Galilee
;
others
take
him
to
be
the
Bridegroom
,
at
who
's
Wedding
our
Saviour
turned
water
into
wine
.
But
this
word
has
no
Relation
to
his
Country
or
Place
,
from
whence
he
took
his
being
,
but
from
his
hot
and
fiery
Zeal
;
the
word
bearing
such
a
signification
in
the
Hebrew
.
Nor
do
we
imagine
that
he
took
that
name
from
the
ardent
Affections
he
bore
to
his
Master
,
but
from
some
Sect
that
he
was
of
,
before
he
came
to
be
our
Saviour's
Disciple
.
For
the
better
explaining
of
which
,
note
,
that
as
there
were
many
Sects
and
Divisions
amongst
the
Jews
so
was
there
one
called
the
Sect
of
the
Zelots
;
a
more
devout
sort
of
men
than
the
rest
,
and
of
this
Sect
't
is
to
be
supposed
he
had
that
additional
Name
.
These
sort
of
men
were
indeed
very
troublesome
to
the
Jews
,
viz.
the
Sect
of
the
Zelots
,
for
as
Josephus
,
and
others
,
well
noteth
,
they
were
the
cause
of
the
Dreadful
Calamities
that
befell
in
the
City
of
Jerusalem
,
during
its
being
Besieged
by
Titus
,
Vespatian's
Son
;
but
this
is
no
reflection
upon
the
Apostle
,
no
more
than
St.
Paul's
being
a
Pharisee
,
or
St.
Matthew
a
Publican
.
When
he
came
to
his
Apostolical
Office
,
no
more
mention
is
made
of
him
in
Holy
Writ
,
but
that
he
continued
with
the
Apostles
,
till
they
were
dispersed
by
the
Persecution
the
Jews
raised
against
them
;
he
then
,
past
doubt
,
applying
himself
to
the
undertaking
his
charge
:
For
as
Nicephorus
relates
he
departed
for
Aegypt
;
where
having
successfully
preached
the
Gospel
for
some
time
,
he
departed
thence
for
Cyrene
,
thence
into
Africa
;
though
Baronius
will
not
allow
of
that
;
making
Peter
the
first
Planter
of
Christianity
in
those
Parts
.
But
how
far
his
Negative
in
that
point
may
be
credited
,
let
any
consider
that
understands
.
What
he
does
in
that
case
,
is
done
to
make
his
own
Assertions
good
in
relation
to
St.
Peter
;
for
should
he
own
that
any
other
of
the
Apostles
had
been
there
before
Peter
,
he
would
confound
himself
.
But
to
let
that
pass
,
we
will
grant
that
it
is
most
likely
that
this
St.
Simon
was
not
only
in
Africa
,
but
in
many
other
places
,
and
that
he
having
passed
all
along
the
Coast
,
Sailed
over
into
Britain
,
for
so
many
of
the
Ancients
have
affirmed
,
and
that
he
preached
the
Gospel
here
successfully
,
instructing
the
rude
and
barbarous
People
in
the
way
to
everlasting
Life
,
and
earnestly
endeavouring
to
turn
them
from
their
Idolatrous
worship
,
working
many
Miracles
,
insomuch
that
many
embraced
Christianity
;
till
at
last
the
Devil
that
great
Enemy
of
our
Salvation
stirred
up
the
Multitude
to
persecute
him
:
whose
barbarous
rage
in
a
short
time
after
crowned
him
with
Martyrdom
,
as
not
only
Dorotheus
and
Nicephorus
affirm
,
but
also
expressed
in
the
Menologies
where
we
are
informed
that
St.
Simon
went
at
last
into
Britain
,
and
having
enlightned
the
minds
of
many
with
the
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
,
he
at
length
was
Crucified
by
the
Infidels
,
and
buried
there
;
but
as
to
any
particular
place
of
his
Burial
,
no
mention
is
made
.
Some
there
are
who
tell
us
,
that
after
he
had
Preached
the
Gospel
in
Aegypt
,
he
went
to
Mesopotamia
,
where
meeting
with
St.
Jude
,
they
journeyed
together
into
Persia
,
where
having
planted
the
Gospel
,
they
were
both
Crowned
with
Martyrdom
.
But
this
account
is
rejected
by
most
of
the
Fathers
,
and
Baronius
is
forced
to
confess
that
it
is
founded
only
upon
a
Book
called
the
Passion
of
the
Apostles
;
(
an
Author
of
no
great
Credit
)
and
the
reason
of
this
variation
is
supposed
to
be
in
the
mistake
that
has
arisen
about
the
Person
of
St.
Simon
,
for
some
will
have
Symeon
the
Son
of
Cleophas
,
who
was
St.
James's
Successor
in
the
See
of
Jerusalem
,
the
same
with
this
Apostle
who
was
crucified
in
the
112
year
of
his
Age
under
Trajan
the
Roman
Emperour
,
but
that
by
reason
of
the
difference
of
years
and
the
description
of
both
their
Persons
under
different
Characters
in
Ecclesiastical
History
,
render
it
altogether
a
groundless
surmise
.
The
End
of
the
Life
of
St.
SIMON
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
St.
JUDE
the
Apostle
.
THis
Apostle
goes
under
three
several
names
as
Jude
,
Thaddaeus
,
and
Lebbaeus
,
but
according
to
the
Opinions
of
such
as
have
inquired
into
their
significations
,
they
signifie
all
one
and
the
same
thing
.
As
for
his
Descent
and
Parentage
,
he
was
one
of
the
four
that
were
called
our
Lord's
Brothers
,
Son
to
Joseph
,
and
Brother
to
St.
James
Bishop
of
Jerusalem
;
that
he
was
one
of
the
Twelve
Apostles
is
certain
,
being
often
numbred
with
them
by
the
Evangelists
;
and
especially
in
the
14
Chapter
of
St.
John's
Gospel
,
we
find
upon
our
Saviour's
declaring
to
his
Disciples
what
great
things
he
and
his
Father
would
do
;
and
what
glorious
Manifestations
he
would
make
of
his
Power
and
Godhead
,
after
his
Resurrection
to
such
of
his
Disciples
as
persevered
in
their
Obedience
.
St.
Jude
(
who
looked
for
nothing
less
than
a
Temporal
Kingdom
of
the
Messiah
,
not
thinking
how
that
mean
condition
in
which
our
Saviour
continued
in
upon
Earth
,
could
consist
with
the
Pomp
and
Magnificence
that
was
expected
upon
that
occasion
)
demanded
of
our
Saviour
,
why
he
would
manifest
himself
to
his
disciples
and
not
to
the
world
?
to
which
our
Lord
replyed
,
that
the
world
was
not
capable
of
such
divine
Manifestations
as
should
be
revealed
unto
them
.
Eusebius
tells
us
that
a
short
time
after
the
Ascension
of
our
Lord
St.
Thomas
dispatched
Thaddaeus
the
Apostle
to
Abgarus
the
Governour
of
Edessa
,
which
according
to
the
Name
is
supposed
to
be
this
St.
Jude
,
unless
it
might
be
another
of
the
same
name
;
for
as
we
have
it
in
another
place
,
this
Thaddaeus
was
one
of
the
70
;
and
then
it
could
not
be
St.
Jude
,
for
he
was
one
of
the
12
Apostles
,
as
is
before
mentioned
:
but
howsoever
't
is
certain
that
at
his
first
setting
out
,
he
Preached
the
Gospel
in
Judaea
,
Samaria
,
Galilee
,
Idumea
,
and
the
Cities
of
Arabia
,
and
the
Countries
adjacent
;
from
thence
he
went
into
Syria
and
Mesopotamia
.
And
Nicephorus
tells
us
,
that
after
all
he
came
to
Edessa
,
where
Abgarus
was
Governour
,
and
where
the
other
Thaddaeus
who
was
one
of
the
70
had
been
before
him
,
and
there
perfected
what
was
begun
,
and
having
by
his
Preaching
and
Miracles
established
the
Gospel
,
he
died
a
Peaceable
and
Quiet
Death
.
But
Dorotheus
affirms
that
he
was
slain
at
Berytus
,
and
Buried
there
in
a
stately
Tomb
,
although
by
the
General
consent
of
the
Latin
Church
he
went
Preaching
the
Gospel
in
Persia
,
where
after
he
had
brought
many
over
to
the
Faith
,
and
established
the
Christian
Religion
there
for
many
years
,
he
at
last
was
,
for
his
reproving
and
strongly
opposing
Idolatrous
and
diabolick
Devices
of
the
Magi
,
by
their
procurement
cruelly
put
to
death
.
That
he
was
married
and
had
Children
appears
by
the
sequel
.
Domitian
the
bloody
Emperour
being
jealous
of
his
long
continuance
in
the
State
of
Empire
,
upon
notice
had
that
there
remained
some
Persons
of
the
Line
of
David
,
he
ordered
them
to
be
brought
before
him
,
viz.
two
young
men
,
who
were
the
Grand
Sons
of
St.
Jude
,
and
Kinsmen
to
our
Lord
;
when
they
were
come
into
his
Presence
,
they
confessed
that
they
were
of
the
Race
and
Posterity
of
David
,
whereupon
he
asked
them
what
possession
they
had
?
they
told
him
,
but
a
few
Acres
of
Land
,
which
they
manured
and
improved
to
maintain
themselves
;
shewing
him
their
hands
,
that
thereby
he
might
guess
at
their
Labour
.
Then
he
asked
them
about
the
Messiah
,
what
his
Kingdom
was
,
and
when
to
commence
?
to
which
they
answered
,
that
it
was
not
of
this
world
,
but
in
the
highest
heavens
;
and
that
when
he
saw
his
good
time
,
he
would
come
in
the
Clouds
of
Heaven
,
attended
with
Glory
and
Power
to
Judge
the
Quick
and
the
Dead
,
and
render
to
every
man
according
to
his
Deserts
.
At
which
the
Emperour
smiling
dismissed
them
.
And
thus
much
for
St.
Jude
.
The
End
of
the
Life
of
St.
JUDE
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
St.
MATTHIAS
the
Apostle
.
ALthough
St.
Matthias
was
not
immediately
called
by
our
Lord
as
one
of
the
Disciples
,
yet
it
is
supposed
that
he
was
all
along
an
attendant
upon
the
Ministry
,
as
being
one
of
the
70
;
but
a
way
being
made
for
him
by
the
Apostacy
of
Judas
Iscariot
(
that
Son
of
Perdition
)
he
was
afterwards
numbered
amongst
the
12
,
and
called
to
be
an
Apostle
.
For
upon
Peter's
acquainting
the
rest
that
since
Judas
was
fallen
off
,
it
was
but
necessary
that
another
should
supply
his
place
,
whereupon
they
pitched
upon
Matthias
,
as
a
very
fit
Person
for
to
undertake
so
Sacred
an
Employment
;
which
he
as
joyfully
embraces
,
when
the
Lot
fell
upon
him
.
Not
long
after
which
,
he
with
the
rest
receiving
the
Holy
Ghost
,
he
betook
himself
to
the
Province
that
was
allotted
him
;
and
first
Preaching
the
Gospel
in
Judaea
,
where
indeed
most
of
the
Apostles
began
to
proclaim
the
glad
tidings
of
Salvation
to
Mankind
.
He
then
passed
on
to
Macedonia
,
where
it
is
reported
,
but
with
what
credit
I
know
not
,
that
the
Gentiles
,
to
try
his
Sanctity
,
gave
him
a
cup
of
intoxicated
Wine
,
who
in
the
Name
of
Jesus
drank
it
off
without
doing
him
the
least
harm
,
and
that
he
cured
about
50
Persons
who
had
been
poisoned
with
the
same
intoxicated
Potion
,
and
by
laying
his
hands
on
them
restored
them
to
their
sight
;
of
which
the
operation
of
the
Poison
had
deprived
them
.
Nicephorus
tells
us
that
he
came
into
the
first
Aethiopia
.
But
Sophronius
says
the
second
,
though
perhaps
they
may
be
both
mistaken
for
Cappadocia
his
Principal
place
of
abode
being
seated
near
to
the
Irruption
of
the
River
Apsarus
and
the
Haven
Hus
,
both
belonging
to
that
Country
,
nor
is
any
Aethiopia
nearer
that
place
on
the
side
he
was
said
to
return
,
but
however
the
place
where
he
came
was
very
Barbarous
,
as
may
appear
by
his
usage
,
for
happening
amongst
people
of
a
fierce
,
rough
and
untractable
nature
,
passing
all
bounds
of
Hospitality
and
common
Civility
,
he
was
treated
with
all
manner
of
Rudeness
and
Inhumanity
;
from
whom
for
all
his
Pains
and
Labour
taken
about
saving
their
immortal
Soul
,
and
directing
them
in
the
way
to
everlasting
Life
,
he
was
at
last
Martyred
by
them
,
Anno
Christo
59.
Or
as
others
will
have
it
,
64
;
but
as
to
the
manner
of
his
Death
,
it
is
uncertain
,
though
Dorotheus
Reports
,
he
was
Martyred
at
Sebestople
,
near
the
Temple
of
the
Sun
(
past
doubt
for
reproving
their
Idolatrous
worship
,
in
Adoring
the
Creature
instead
of
the
Creator
)
and
that
he
was
buried
there
.
Another
account
we
have
,
that
he
was
seised
by
the
Jews
,
as
a
Blasphemer
;
and
after
being
stoned
he
was
beheaded
.
When
as
the
Greek
Offices
seconded
by
several
Breviaries
,
Relate
that
he
was
hanged
upon
a
Cross
;
and
farther
,
it
is
said
,
that
his
Body
was
for
a
long
time
kept
at
Jerusalem
and
conveyed
thence
to
Rome
by
Helen
the
Mother
to
Constantine
the
Great
,
where
some
Bones
,
said
to
be
his
,
are
shewed
with
great
Veneration
to
this
day
,
though
others
affirm
that
his
remains
are
at
Trier
in
Germany
,
about
which
some
disputes
have
been
held
,
but
to
little
purpose
,
for
it
is
to
be
supposed
,
they
have
him
both
alike
.
His
Memory
is
Celebrated
in
the
Greek
Church
on
the
9th
.
of
August
,
unless
lately
layed
aside
by
reason
of
the
overspreading
of
Paganisme
in
those
parts
.
He
was
a
man
of
great
Courage
,
and
well
skilled
in
the
Jewish
or
Mosaick
Law
,
being
,
as
many
antients
imagine
,
of
a
Noble
Stock
,
&c.
Amongst
many
Apocriphal
Writings
attributed
to
the
Apostles
,
there
was
a
Gospel
published
under
the
Patronage
of
his
name
,
which
is
mentioned
by
Eusebius
and
others
,
and
condemned
with
the
rest
by
Gelasius
Bishop
of
Rome
,
it
having
been
before
rejected
by
others
.
Under
his
Name
also
were
published
Traditions
,
cited
by
Clemens
of
Alexandria
,
from
whence
,
past
doubt
,
the
Nicolaitans
borrowed
that
saying
of
his
,
which
they
abused
to
so
vile
a
purpose
,
under
the
Patronage
of
his
Name
.
Likewise
the
Marcionites
and
Valentinians
defended
many
of
their
most
absurd
and
Heretical
Opinions
.
But
of
this
enough
.
The
End
of
the
Life
of
St.
MATTHIAS
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
St.
MARK
the
Evangelist
.
THis
Evangelist
bearing
a
Roman
Name
,
is
thought
to
receive
it
either
upon
the
Account
of
some
Employment
,
or
for
that
he
assumed
it
when
he
travelled
into
the
Roman
Provinces
;
which
was
usual
with
the
Jews
.
Born
he
was
past
doubt
of
Jewish
Parents
,
originally
descended
of
the
Tribe
of
Levi
,
and
is
said
by
Nicephorus
to
be
Sister's
Son
to
Peter
:
But
in
that
it
is
agreed
upon
from
all
hands
,
that
he
is
mistaken
;
taking
John
sirnamed
Mark
,
the
son
of
Mary
,
for
this
St.
Mark
who
is
reckoned
one
of
the
Seventy
,
and
was
as
most
supposed
,
Converted
by
St.
Peter
after
the
death
of
our
Saviour
,
whose
Companion
he
was
for
a
considerable
time
,
and
went
with
him
as
an
Interpreter
or
Expounder
of
his
Doctrine
to
the
People
.
By
St.
Peter
he
was
sent
into
Aegypt
,
where
he
preached
the
Gospel
,
and
Converted
many
to
the
Faith
;
who
for
a
long
time
afterwards
kept
up
to
the
strictness
of
Christianity
;
but
he
did
not
long
confine
himself
to
those
parts
,
but
removed
to
Libya
,
where
he
likewise
Converted
many
,
and
gained
great
applause
by
reason
of
the
Miracles
he
wrought
,
as
he
passed
through
the
Countries
of
Marmarica
and
Pentapolis
;
when
having
reclaimed
them
from
their
Idolatries
,
he
returned
to
Alexandria
in
Aegypt
,
where
he
boldly
preached
the
Doctrine
of
our
Saviour
,
and
reproved
the
People
for
bowing
to
Stocks
and
Stones
,
telling
them
plainly
,
that
unless
they
turned
to
God
and
repented
with
their
whole
hearts
,
they
would
be
eternally
miserable
.
Upon
which
Satan
fearing
the
overthrow
of
his
Kingdom
,
bent
all
his
Malice
to
stir
up
the
People
to
destroy
the
Evangelist
:
when
it
being
the
time
of
Easter
,
at
what
time
the
great
Solemnities
of
Serapis
,
one
of
their
reputed
gods
happening
to
be
Celebrated
:
Whilst
St.
Mark
was
intent
at
Divine
Worship
,
the
Barbarous
Multitude
broke
in
upon
him
,
and
fastening
Cords
about
his
Feet
dragged
him
through
the
Streets
〈◊〉
a
most
inhumane
manner
,
so
that
his
Flesh
was
torn
off
by
the
Craggyness
of
the
way
;
whe●
not
satisfied
with
this
,
they
cast
him
into
a
Prison
near
the
Sea
,
where
he
was
comforted
in
hi●
Agony
by
a
Divine
Apparition
.
The
next
morning
they
drew
him
forth
again
,
till
by
the
extream
effusion
of
Blood
his
Spirits
failed
,
and
he
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
after
which
as
Me●aphrastus
adds
,
they
kindled
a
large
Fire
and
burnt
his
Body
;
the
remains
of
which
being
preserved
by
such
as
he
had
Converted
to
the
Christian
Faith
,
were
deposited
in
the
place
were
he
was
wont
to
preach
and
that
such
part
of
him
as
remain
was
afterward
carried
to
Venice
,
and
there
kept
in
〈◊〉
Church
built
to
the
Honour
of
that
Evangelist
,
being
one
of
the
stateliest
Piles
now
extant
in
Europe
.
He
suffered
in
the
Month
Pharmuthi
,
or
as
it
is
with
us
April
,
on
the
25th
.
day
of
the
said
Month
,
and
as
several
Antient
Authors
have
it
,
in
the
14
year
of
the
Reign
of
Claudius
the
Roman
Emperour
;
though
St.
Hierom
places
it
in
the
8
of
Nero.
As
likewise
Nicephorus
will
have
it
in
the
Reign
of
Tiberius
,
which
is
most
unlikely
of
all
others
,
by
reason
,
as
St.
Ireneus
says
,
that
he
survived
both
St.
Peter
and
St.
Paul
,
who
both
suffered
under
Nero.
It
is
said
of
him
that
he
being
at
Rome
with
St.
Peter
,
he
there
wrote
his
Gospel
at
the
earnest
request
of
the
Christians
.
As
to
the
description
of
his
Person
,
he
was
of
a
middle
size
,
his
Nose
long
,
his
Eye-brows
turning
back
,
his
Eyes
graceful
and
amiable
,
his
Head
,
in
his
declining
age
,
bald
,
his
Gate
quick
,
and
the
Constitution
of
his
Body
strong
and
healthful
;
he
being
of
a
very
Couragious
Mind
,
as
appears
by
his
boldly
preaching
the
Gospel
to
the
Barbarous
Nations
,
and
reproving
them
of
their
Idolatry
though
at
the
cost
of
his
own
Life
.
And
thus
much
shall
suffice
in
relation
to
this
Holy
Evangelist
.
The
End
of
St.
MARK'S
Life
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
St.
LUKE
the
Evangelist
.
ST.
Luke
was
born
at
Antioch
the
Chief
City
of
Syria
,
and
there
brought
up
in
all
manner
of
Learning
;
that
place
being
accounted
the
Academy
or
Cheif
place
of
Humane
Policies
.
Not
did
he
only
confine
himself
to
that
place
,
but
as
many
that
write
on
him
Affirm
,
he
studied
in
most
of
the
Schools
of
Greece
and
Aegypt
.
Skilful
he
was
in
Painting
beyond
any
of
his
time
;
and
it
is
confirmed
by
many
,
that
he
drew
the
Picture
of
the
blessed
Virgin
so
exactly
to
the
Life
,
that
it
was
wondered
at
by
all
that
beheld
it
.
That
he
was
a
Jewish
Proselyte
is
certain
,
being
according
to
the
report
that
Epiphanius
gives
〈◊〉
him
,
one
of
the
70
Disciples
;
the
inference
from
whence
he
takes
that
belief
,
being
the
Evangelist
own
Confession
,
whereby
he
declares
that
he
wa●
not
an
Eye-witness
and
Minister
of
the
word
.
After
he
had
been
inspired
by
the
Sacred
Spirit
of
Truth
he
set
forward
to
Preach
the
Doctrine
of
o●
blessed
Lord
,
and
joyned
himself
with
St.
Pa●●
though
Nicephorus
will
have
it
that
he
met
St.
Pa●●
at
Thebes
,
the
Metropolis
of
Boeotia
;
though
〈◊〉
Sacred
Writ
no
mention
is
made
,
that
ever
St.
Pa●●
was
there
,
nor
can
we
find
it
in
any
writings
b●
his
own
;
which
makes
most
Imagine
't
is
ground●
upon
his
bare
Conjecture
,
but
that
he
was
with
S●
Paul
both
at
Jerusalem
and
Rome
is
certain
;
n●
did
he
desert
him
in
any
of
his
troubles
,
but
always
proved
a
steady
and
faithful
Friend
and
Minister
.
He
it
was
that
wrote
the
Acts
of
the
Apostles
and
there
we
find
him
all
along
;
when
he
is
speaking
of
St.
Paul's
Voyage
to
Rome
,
he
speaks
all
of
himself
which
could
not
be
unless
he
was
present
with
him
;
nor
is
it
at
all
to
be
questioned
that
he
was
with
him
at
Rome
in
his
Confinement
,
nor
that
he
carried
Messages
from
the
Apostle
to
the
Churches
to
strengthen
and
support
them
,
most
of
the
Fathers
being
of
Opinion
,
that
it
was
meant
of
our
Evangelist
,
when
St.
Paul
mentions
these
words
,
the
Beloved
brother
whose
praise
is
in
the
Gospel
throughout
all
the
Churches
.
Nor
is
it
in
all
likelyhood
probable
that
he
left
the
Apostle
,
till
Death
made
a
fatal
(
though
in
one
sence
happy
)
separation
,
by
Crowning
him
with
Martyrdom
;
though
Metaphrastus
would
have
it
,
that
he
left
St.
Paul
at
Rome
,
and
returned
to
Preach
the
Gospel
in
Aegypt
,
Lybia
and
other
Eastern
Countries
,
and
that
there
by
working
Miracles
,
and
powerful
Preaching
,
he
Converted
a
great
number
to
the
Faith
;
settling
Religion
under
a
set
form
and
order
by
Instituting
Guides
and
Pastors
to
Instruct
and
Confirm
the
People
in
his
Absence
,
and
that
he
himself
was
Bishop
of
Thebais
.
But
on
the
Contrary
,
Epiphanius
tells
us
that
he
preached
the
Gospel
in
Dalmatia
,
Galatia
and
France
;
and
that
from
thence
he
went
into
Italy
and
Macedonia
,
where
he
run
many
great
hazards
of
his
Life
,
by
reason
that
in
many
places
the
inveterate
Jews
stirred
up
the
People
to
stone
him
,
yet
he
undauntedly
persevered
in
his
teaching
all
men
the
way
to
Saving
Knowledge
;
untill
at
last
the
Devil
so
far
inspired
several
Barbarous
Villains
with
Malice
and
Revenge
as
to
destroy
the
Holy
Man
;
but
as
to
the
manner
and
place
of
his
death
the
contest
amongst
the
Antients
is
not
fully
decided
to
this
day
,
some
affirming
that
he
dyed
in
Egypt
;
Others
in
Greece
and
the
Author
of
the
Roman
Martyrology
will
have
it
in
Bythinia
.
And
Dorotheus
contradicting
him
,
will
have
it
at
Ephesus
;
some
again
there
are
,
that
say
he
died
a
Natural
Death
.
But
Nazianzen
and
Paulinus
Bishop
of
Nola
,
with
some
others
,
positively
affirm
that
he
received
the
Crown
of
Martyrdom
.
Of
which
Nicephorus
gives
us
this
following
Account
,
viz.
that
St.
Luke
coming
into
Greece
,
successfully
Preached
the
Gospel
,
Baptizing
many
Converts
into
the
Christian
Faith
,
and
working
many
Miracles
;
till
at
last
a
Party
of
Infidels
(
encouraged
by
their
Preists
,
whose
Idolatrous
Worship
the
Evangelist
sharply
reproved
)
fell
at
unawares
upon
him
,
and
forcibly
dragged
him
to
the
Place
of
Execution
,
where
not
having
a
Cross
in
readiness
,
they
hanged
him
upon
an
Olive
Tree
,
in
the
Eightieth
year
of
his
Age
,
or
as
St.
Hierom
has
it
,
in
the
Eighty
fourth
.
Now
contrary
to
this
,
Kirstenus
having
taken
it
from
an
Antient
Arabick
Author
,
tells
us
,
that
he
suffered
Martyrdom
at
Rome
,
which
might
perhaps
be
after
St.
Paul's
first
imprisoment
there
,
and
his
departure
from
that
City
,
when
probably
St.
Luke
was
left
behind
as
his
Substitute
or
Deputy
,
to
strengthen
and
confirm
the
Brethren
in
his
Absence
,
and
so
might
suffer
in
the
General
Persecution
under
Nero
;
and
the
main
Reason
that
has
induced
many
to
give
more
than
ordinary
Credit
to
this
Relation
,
is
,
because
he
no
longer
continued
his
History
of
the
Acts
of
the
Apostles
:
for
had
he
out-lived
Paul
or
Peter
,
he
would
,
past
doubt
,
have
recorded
so
remarkable
a
Transaction
as
their
Martyrdoms
,
and
have
given
a
larger
Account
of
the
state
of
the
Church
.
But
certain
it
is
that
he
was
put
to
Death
.
Nor
are
some
wanting
who
affirm
that
his
Body
was
at
the
Command
of
Constantine
the
Great
,
or
his
Son
Constantius
,
brought
to
Constantinople
and
there
solemnly
interred
in
the
Great
Church
,
Founded
there
to
the
Honour
of
the
Apostles
.
That
he
was
not
only
a
man
of
great
Learning
,
but
also
,
more
than
ordinary
,
inspired
by
the
Holy
Spirit
;
his
two
Books
,
viz.
his
Gospel
,
and
the
Acts
of
the
Apostles
testifie
:
In
the
former
he
sets
down
the
Life
of
our
Saviour
,
and
many
of
his
glorious
Works
and
Actions
,
from
the
time
of
his
Birth
,
till
the
time
of
his
glorious
Ascension
;
though
,
as
many
Believe
,
he
never
saw
our
Saviour
,
or
at
most
had
little
or
no
Converse
with
him
.
As
for
his
second
Book
,
we
may
imagine
that
he
took
great
pains
to
Travel
with
the
Apostles
,
especially
with
St.
Paul
,
as
I
have
before
recited
,
that
by
that
means
he
might
be
the
better
enabled
to
give
a
faithful
Account
of
their
Actions
,
that
so
he
might
Record
them
for
the
benefit
of
the
Church
in
all
Ages
.
And
thus
much
for
the
Glorious
Life
and
Death
of
this
blessed
Evangelist
,
whose
praise
is
in
the
Gospel
,
and
his
immortal
Soul
singing
Halelujahs
before
the
Throne
of
the
Lamb
,
who
liveth
for
ever
and
ever
.
And
thus
I
shall
conclude
the
Holy
Lives
and
Victorious
Deaths
of
the
Ever
blessed
Apostles
and
Evangelists
,
who
all
of
them
(
St.
John
excepted
)
sealed
their
Testimonies
with
their
Blood
;
following
the
Example
of
their
great
Master
,
who
went
before
to
prepare
them
a
Mansion
,
not
built
with
hands
,
but
in
the
highest
Heavens
.
Whose
coming
into
the
World
,
and
laying
down
his
Life
for
the
Redemption
of
Lost
Man
,
and
for
the
blessed
Examples
of
those
his
constant
and
courageous
Servants
and
Followers
,
let
us
give
all
possible
Praise
and
Thanks
to
God
the
Father
,
God
the
Son
,
and
God
the
Holy
Ghost
,
three
Persons
,
and
one
God
blessed
for
evermore
,
Amen
.
The
End
of
the
Apostles
Lives
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
St.
IGNATIUS
.
HAving
run
through
the
Lives
of
the
Blessed
Apostles
and
Evangelists
,
I
shall
now
proceed
to
give
the
Reader
a
view
of
such
Worthies
,
who
,
next
to
them
,
fought
successfully
under
the
Victorious
Banner
of
our
great
Captain
,
the
Lord
Jesus
,
and
through
him
became
more
than
Conquerors
.
And
first
I
shall
begin
with
St.
Ignatius
;
but
lest
any
at
first
view
should
think
him
to
be
the
Popish
Ignatius
,
which
Founded
the
Order
of
the
Jesuites
,
these
are
to
satisfie
,
that
this
Ignatius
was
Born
,
nay
suffered
Martyrdom
several
hundred
years
before
Popery
was
known
,
and
above
a
thousand
years
e're
the
destructive
Order
of
Jesuits
had
Being
.
But
to
my
purpose
.
St.
Ignatius
,
as
himself
testifies
,
was
born
12
years
before
the
Crucifixion
of
our
Saviour
,
he
having
with
his
proper
Eyes
beheld
him
in
the
Flesh
;
he
being
,
as
many
think
,
one
of
those
little
ones
that
our
Saviour
commanded
his
Disciples
to
suffer
for
to
come
unto
him
,
nay
some
go
farther
,
and
affirm
,
that
it
was
he
whom
our
blessed
Lord
set
in
the
midst
of
his
Disciples
,
when
they
contended
one
with
another
about
Superiority
,
and
Precedency
.
However
he
was
indued
with
a
more
than
ordinary
Portion
of
the
Divine
Spirit
,
and
succeeded
St.
Peter
in
the
Pastorship
or
Government
of
the
Church
of
Antioch
,
where
he
laboured
diligently
in
the
Ministry
of
the
Gospel
Converting
and
Confirming
many
to
and
in
the
Christian
Faith
,
being
a
great
opposer
of
the
Heresies
or
Erroneous
Opinions
that
had
sprung
up
in
the
Church
.
But
the
Devil
,
that
Enemy
of
the
Gospel
soon
plotted
his
destruction
;
for
Trajan
returning
from
the
Parthian
War
,
commanded
a
Gratulatory
Sacrifice
to
be
offered
to
his
gods
in
every
City
,
for
the
Victory
he
had
obtained
;
and
at
his
coming
to
Antioch
,
Ignatius
was
required
to
be
present
and
assisting
at
the
Sacrifice
,
by
such
as
willed
his
destruction
,
they
thinking
they
could
not
have
a
fairer
opportunity
to
work
his
Ruin
.
But
he
utterly
refusing
such
a
detestable
wickedness
,
was
brought
before
the
Emperour
,
where
to
his
Face
he
did
not
only
deny
so
to
do
,
but
sharply
reproved
him
for
his
Idolatry
,
worshipping
false
Gods
,
and
Images
made
with
hands
:
Upon
which
the
Emperour
in
a
Rage
commanded
that
a
Guard
of
Soudiers
should
carry
him
to
Rome
,
and
there
to
cast
him
in
Prison
till
his
Arrival
.
Whereupon
he
was
carried
by
short
Journies
through
Asia
,
but
in
his
way
he
was
no
whit
unmindful
of
his
Charge
,
for
as
he
went
,
strictly
Guarded
,
he
Preached
the
Apostles
Doctrine
,
and
Confirmed
a
great
number
that
were
wavering
;
as
likewise
strictly
charged
them
to
beware
of
Heresie
and
endeavour
to
extirpate
it
,
which
else
like
Tares
would
greatly
annoy
the
Churches
wheat
:
sending
several
Epistles
to
the
Churches
,
earnestly
desiring
them
to
continue
stedfast
and
put
their
trust
in
the
Lord
.
When
he
came
to
Smyrna
,
where
Polycarp
was
Bishop
,
he
wrote
an
Epistle
to
the
Church
of
Ephesus
,
directing
it
to
Onesimus
their
Pastor
,
desiring
him
to
have
a
care
of
Christ's
Flock
,
and
like
a
good
Shepherd
diligently
feed
them
with
the
spiritual
Food
of
the
Everlasting
Gospel
,
which
is
able
to
make
men
wise
unto
Salvation
;
as
also
another
to
the
Church
of
Magnesia
,
which
he
directed
to
Dama
their
Bishop
,
another
likewise
he
wrote
to
Polybius
,
Pastor
of
the
Church
of
Trallis
;
with
which
he
sent
an
Exhortation
,
desiring
him
to
be
Courageous
,
and
not
to
decline
the
Crown
of
Martyrdom
,
if
offered
;
putting
him
in
mind
of
the
Sufferings
of
our
blessed
Lord
and
Saviour
,
and
of
the
Joy
he
was
to
receive
if
he
continued
faithful
to
the
end
:
telling
them
of
his
cruel
usage
in
his
way
to
Rome
,
and
how
ready
he
was
to
suffer
for
Christ's
sake
;
Concluding
with
these
words
,
Let
Fire
,
Cross
,
breaking
of
Bones
,
quartering
my
Members
,
crushing
my
Body
,
or
all
the
torments
that
Men
and
Devils
can
invent
,
befall
me
,
so
that
I
may
but
enjoy
my
Lord
Jesus
.
When
he
came
to
Rome
he
wrote
to
Policarp
,
a
godly
Pastor
,
to
take
into
his
Care
and
Charge
the
Church
of
Antioch
,
whilst
he
could
Elect
a
fit
Person
to
be
Bishop
in
his
Room
;
whereby
he
proved
himself
to
be
a
just
and
sincere
man
,
who
even
in
death
was
mindful
of
his
Flock
.
When
the
day
of
his
Martyrdom
came
,
he
chearfully
said
,
I
am
God's
Corn
,
when
the
wild
Beasts
have
ground
me
to
powder
with
their
teeth
I
shall
be
his
white
bread
.
He
suffered
Martyrdom
the
11th
.
year
of
Trajan
,
being
,
as
many
of
the
Antients
affirm
,
Torn
to
pieces
by
wild
Beasts
in
the
Theatre
to
make
the
Tyrant
sport
.
And
thus
ended
the
Life
of
this
good
Man
,
who
upon
many
occasions
was
wont
to
say
,
Amor
meus
Crucifixus
est
;
My
Love
is
Crucified
,
meaning
either
Christ
the
Object
of
his
Love
,
or
that
his
darling
Sins
and
Affections
to
the
World
were
Crucified
;
and
in
another
place
he
declares
that
he
beheld
the
Lord
after
his
Resurrection
before
he
Ascended
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
POLYCARP
,
Bishop
of
Smyrna
.
THis
Polycarp
was
Disciple
to
St.
John
,
when
on
a
time
going
with
St.
John
to
the
Bath
,
and
observing
Cerinthus
the
Heretick
therein
,
he
cryed
out
,
Let
us
speedily
hence
,
for
fear
that
the
Bath
,
wherein
our
Lord's
Adversary
is
,
do
fall
upon
our
heads
.
After
he
had
for
many
years
taught
his
Flock
,
instructing
and
confirming
them
in
the
way
to
Eternal
Life
,
the
wicked
Jews
that
dwelt
at
Smyrna
,
went
to
the
Roman
Proconsul
and
grievously
complained
that
the
Bishop
went
about
to
pervert
the
People
,
and
to
raise
up
Innovation
,
which
would
prove
destructive
to
the
Empire
,
if
not
in
time
restrained
.
Whereupon
Order
was
given
for
the
apprehending
him
,
when
at
the
earnest
entreaty
of
the
Christians
he
retired
to
an
adjacent
Village
;
but
the
Pursuers
upon
notice
of
his
being
their
came
after
him
at
full
Cry
,
of
which
he
being
informed
,
removed
thence
to
another
Village
,
some
distance
thence
.
When
the
mad
multitude
having
sought
long
in
vain
.
In
the
first
Village
they
pursued
him
to
the
second
,
and
there
apprehending
two
Boys
,
they
scourged
them
so
cruelly
that
one
of
them
confessed
where
the
Holy
Man
lay
,
and
directed
them
to
his
Lodging
;
from
whence
although
he
might
have
escaped
their
hands
,
he
refused
,
saying
,
the
will
of
the
Lord
be
fulfilled
,
when
they
had
beset
the
house
he
came
down
to
them
,
and
told
them
he
was
the
man
they
sought
,
when
beholding
his
Gravity
and
Chearful
Countenance
many
repented
that
they
had
employed
themselves
in
so
ill
a
work
,
wishing
that
they
had
never
undertaken
it
.
After
a
while
he
invited
them
in
,
and
ordered
meat
to
be
set
before
them
,
only
requesting
the
favour
to
have
an
hours
time
to
Pray
in
private
;
the
which
they
granted
:
the
fervency
of
whose
Prayers
being
heard
by
many
of
his
Persecutors
,
they
could
not
abstain
from
weeping
,
and
were
forced
to
confess
he
was
a
good
man
.
Now
the
Night
before
the
Morning
he
was
apprehended
,
he
had
a
Vision
,
and
therein
he
thought
the
Pillow
that
was
under
his
head
was
consumed
to
Ashes
,
with
which
he
acquainted
several
of
his
Friends
,
and
from
thence
Prognosticated
that
his
Life
was
almost
at
a
period
.
After
he
had
prayed
,
he
came
to
those
that
were
to
carry
him
before
the
Proconsul
,
who
set
him
upon
an
Ass
,
and
so
brought
him
to
Smyrna
;
where
he
arriving
,
(
upon
the
solemn
Feast
day
)
was
met
by
Herod
and
his
father
Nicetes
,
who
were
Rulers
under
the
Proconsul
;
the
former
of
which
greeting
him
kindly
,
took
him
up
into
his
Coach
or
Chariot
,
and
began
to
commune
with
him
after
this
manner
,
What
will
it
injure
you
,
or
what
harm
is
it
to
say
,
Lord
Caesar
,
or
to
Sacrifice
and
be
saved
?
To
which
he
meekly
replyed
,
I
will
not
,
neither
dare
I
do
according
to
your
Counsel
.
From
which
,
and
several
other
Speeches
of
the
Holy
Man
,
Herod
gathering
that
he
could
not
work
upon
him
by
fair
means
,
he
began
to
threaten
him
,
and
at
last
tumbled
him
out
of
his
Chariot
;
which
he
took
with
exceeding
Patience
,
when
,
as
it
is
recorded
in
some
of
his
Epistles
,
a
Voice
was
heard
from
Heaven
,
saying
,
Be
of
good
cheer
,
O
Polycarp
,
and
play
the
man
.
When
he
came
before
the
Proconsul
,
he
demanded
of
him
,
whether
he
was
that
Polycarp
of
which
he
had
heard
such
complaints
?
but
beckoned
to
him
to
deny
that
he
was
the
man
;
but
when
he
saw
he
would
not
deny
himself
,
he
desired
him
to
tender
his
safety
,
and
have
regard
unto
his
Age
,
saying
,
Swear
by
the
Fortune
of
Caesar
,
Repent
of
what
is
past
,
and
say
,
Remove
the
wicked
.
Upon
which
Polycarp
,
looking
stedfastly
upon
his
Accusers
said
,
Remove
these
wicked
.
But
notwithstanding
the
Proconsul
urged
him
again
,
saying
,
Swear
and
I
will
let
thee
go
;
Blaspheme
and
defie
Christ
and
thou
shalt
be
safe
.
To
which
the
good
Man
replyed
,
fourscore
and
six
years
have
I
served
Christ
,
neither
hath
he
ever
offended
me
at
any
time
,
and
how
then
can
I
revile
my
King
that
has
thus
preserved
me
.
The
Proconsul
urged
him
again
to
swear
by
the
Fortune
of
Caesar
.
To
which
he
replyed
,
that
the
Christian
Religion
taught
Obedience
to
all
Governours
,
but
to
swear
by
his
Fortune
out
of
vain-glory
he
absolutely
refused
.
Upon
which
he
threatned
him
with
wild
Beasts
,
Fire
,
and
other
Torments
;
but
he
stood
resolute
in
his
Faith
,
saying
,
You
threaten
me
with
Fire
which
shall
last
but
an
hour
,
and
is
quickly
quenched
,
but
you
are
ignorant
of
the
everlasting
fire
at
the
day
of
Judgment
and
of
those
endless
torments
which
are
reserved
for
the
wicked
;
but
why
delay
you
?
appoint
me
to
what
death
you
please
.
Which
the
Proconsul
hearing
was
amazed
at
his
Courage
,
and
commanded
the
Cryer
to
Proclaim
thrice
in
the
midst
of
the
Theatre
,
that
Polycarp
was
a
Christian
.
But
this
not
at
all
appeased
his
Enemies
,
who
thirsted
after
nothing
more
than
his
Blood
,
and
thereupon
desired
the
Proconsul
that
he
might
be
thrown
to
the
Beasts
;
but
he
alledging
the
time
for
the
Game
of
Beasts
was
past
,
they
prayed
that
he
might
be
exposed
to
the
flames
to
which
last
he
consented
;
and
thereupon
the
multitude
led
him
away
,
Crying
,
this
is
that
Doctor
of
Asia
,
the
Father
of
the
Christians
,
the
overthrower
of
our
Gods
,
who
hath
taught
many
,
that
our
Gods
are
not
to
be
Adored
.
Every
one
of
them
fetching
wood
from
their
Shops
and
Houses
.
When
the
Pile
was
reared
,
the
Holy
Man
put
of
his
Apparel
being
assisted
therein
by
the
Faithful
Christians
,
that
came
to
take
their
last
Farewel
all
of
him
,
striving
to
touch
his
Body
,
as
accounting
it
no
small
Honour
.
When
he
was
naked
,
the
Infidels
offered
to
nail
him
to
the
Stake
;
but
he
desired
them
to
forbear
,
saying
,
Suffer
me
even
as
I
am
,
for
he
that
has
given
me
strength
to
come
to
this
Fire
,
will
give
me
patience
likewise
to
persevere
therein
,
without
your
fastening
me
with
Nailes
.
Upon
which
he
put
up
his
Prayers
to
Heaven
,
with
great
Fervency
giving
all
Laud
and
Praise
to
God
,
that
he
had
been
pleased
to
bring
him
to
such
a
glorious
End
,
whereby
he
knew
that
he
accounted
him
worthy
to
suffer
for
his
Names
sake
.
When
he
had
ended
his
Prayer
,
the
Tormentors
kindled
the
Fire
,
the
which
though
raged
fearfully
to
the
Appearance
of
the
Beholders
,
yet
it
bent
Archwise
,
and
touched
not
his
Body
,
which
at
that
time
sent
forth
a
fragant
smell
like
Frankincense
,
when
as
the
Cruel
Persecutors
perceiving
he
stood
uninjured
by
the
Flame
,
their
Rage
increased
,
whereupon
they
called
a
Tormentor
,
who
with
a
Spear
run
him
into
the
Body
;
out
of
which
Wound
issued
such
a
stream
of
Blood
,
that
it
quenched
the
Fire
;
to
the
great
Amazement
of
the
Beholders
.
Yet
the
Malice
of
the
Jews
proceeded
farther
,
for
they
,
not
content
with
his
death
,
stirred
up
Nicetes
to
move
the
Proconsul
not
to
deliver
his
Body
to
the
Christians
,
least
(
said
they
)
they
should
forsake
the
worshiping
of
Jesus
and
worship
him
.
Whereupon
the
Proconsul
ordered
it
should
be
Consumed
to
Ashes
.
And
thus
Ended
this
good
Man
,
who
died
Anno
Christi
170
,
changing
his
Mortal
for
Immortal
Life
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
Dionysius
Areopagita
.
DIonysius
Areopagita
was
an
Athenian
by
Birth
,
descended
of
Noble
Progenitors
;
and
in
his
youth
having
attained
to
the
Excellency
of
Learning
in
Philosophy
,
Astronomy
,
and
all
other
Humane
Sciences
.
He
lived
in
our
Saviour's
time
,
and
he
it
was
that
at
the
Death
of
our
blessed
Lord
,
beholding
the
dreadful
darkness
that
then
happened
,
said
,
that
either
the
God
of
Nature
suffered
,
or
that
the
frame
of
the
world
would
be
dissolved
.
And
farther
,
that
God
unknown
in
the
Flesh
did
suffer
,
for
whose
cause
the
Vniverse
was
covered
with
thick
darkness
.
And
yet
at
that
time
he
was
but
a
Heathen
;
yet
being
cheif
Judg
of
the
Court
of
the
Areopagites
,
seated
on
the
hill
of
Mars
near
Athens
,
he
was
there
Converted
by
St.
Paul
,
at
what
time
the
People
brought
him
before
him
,
to
give
Judgment
against
him
for
Preaching
against
their
Gods
,
and
despising
their
Altars
;
as
also
his
Wife
was
Converted
at
the
same
time
,
whereupon
he
not
only
delivered
the
Apostle
from
the
rage
of
the
multitude
,
but
kindly
intreated
him
;
to
requite
which
kindness
,
after
he
had
openly
professed
Christianity
,
St.
Paul
constituted
him
Pastor
of
the
Church
at
Athens
,
where
he
used
such
diligence
,
that
by
his
Example
many
renounced
their
Idolatries
,
after
he
had
continued
there
a
while
he
went
to
Ephesus
there
to
visit
St.
Paul
and
St.
John
,
at
whose
Request
,
after
having
appointed
Publius
to
Officiate
in
his
Absence
,
he
went
to
Rome
;
and
from
thence
was
sent
by
Clemens
into
France
,
where
he
Converted
many
to
the
Faith
,
not
only
of
the
meaner
sort
,
but
likewise
the
Noblest
of
that
Country
;
upon
which
the
Heathen
Priests
used
their
utmost
endeavours
to
oppose
him
;
and
not
only
so
,
but
hired
certain
Villains
to
make
him
away
,
who
when
they
beheld
the
man
,
such
a
Lustre
darted
from
his
Face
,
that
many
of
them
fled
,
trembling
and
amazed
:
and
those
that
stayed
,
were
so
chilled
with
fear
,
that
they
could
not
do
him
any
harm
,
yet
such
was
the
Malice
of
his
Enemies
that
they
prevailed
with
the
Praefect
to
cause
him
to
be
apprehended
together
with
several
of
his
followers
,
for
despising
and
contemning
the
Worship
of
their
Gods
,
when
coming
before
the
Praefect
,
he
admonished
him
to
confess
his
Error
,
that
by
his
Recantation
the
People
may
see
how
they
had
been
traduced
,
and
by
that
means
return
to
their
former
Worship
:
but
the
holy
Man
replyed
,
that
the
gods
which
they
worshipped
were
no
gods
;
adding
,
that
there
was
but
one
only
true
God
,
as
he
had
Preached
,
whereupon
the
Praefect
enraged
,
caused
him
to
be
beaten
;
and
when
he
saw
that
prevailed
nothing
with
him
,
he
Condemned
him
to
be
Beheaded
;
the
which
to
put
him
the
greater
Torment
,
was
done
with
a
blunted
Sword
,
on
the
top
of
the
Mount
without
the
City
,
where
kneeling
he
said
with
an
Audible
Voice
,
O
Lord
God
Almighty
,
thou
only
begotten
Son
,
and
Holy
Spirit
;
O
Sacred
Trinity
,
which
art
without
beginning
,
and
in
whom
there
is
no
division
,
receive
the
soul
of
thy
Servant
in
peace
,
who
is
put
to
death
for
thy
Cause
and
Gospel
.
After
which
he
submitted
his
head
to
the
stroaks
of
the
Executioner
:
Suffering
Anno
Christi
96
,
and
of
his
Age
110.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
Justin
Martyr
.
JVstin
Martyr
was
born
at
Neapolis
,
a
City
in
the
Country
of
Palestine
,
being
Son
to
Priscus
Bachius
;
who
during
his
Nonage
caused
him
to
be
instructed
in
learning
who
by
his
Acute
Wit
and
ready
understanding
,
attained
to
such
perfection
,
that
he
became
a
famous
Philosopher
:
But
not
resting
there
,
he
sought
for
something
more
Divine
,
and
thereupon
tryed
most
of
the
Schools
and
Learned
Men
of
that
Age.
Insomuch
that
for
his
more
than
ordinary
acquirements
he
was
esteemed
by
all
that
knew
him
;
but
when
he
grew
up
to
perfect
years
,
he
still
contemplating
upon
the
nature
of
Divine
Beings
;
at
last
it
pleased
God
to
put
in
with
his
Holy
Spirit
,
and
by
the
means
of
Saving
Knowledge
,
to
give
a
right
unstanding
of
what
before
he
beheld
but
dimly
.
The
means
that
first
brought
him
to
embrace
Christianity
,
was
his
beholding
the
constant
undaunted
and
Couragious
suffering
of
such
as
laid
down
their
Lives
for
the
Testimony
of
the
Lord
Jesus
.
He
being
thus
grounded
,
one
day
as
he
was
walking
upon
the
Sea-shore
,
he
met
an
old
man
of
Venerable
Aspect
;
who
after
some
Discourse
told
him
,
That
Philosophy
could
not
direct
him
to
Heaven
,
for
that
it
was
a
Science
that
was
clouded
from
the
true
Knowledge
of
God
,
and
Eternal
Life
.
And
upon
reasoning
with
him
about
the
immortality
of
the
Soul
,
and
a
future
state
of
Happiness
,
he
so
Confirmed
him
,
that
he
from
that
time
was
a
strict
Professor
of
Christianity
and
a
great
opposer
of
Hereticks
and
such
a
fomented
divisions
in
the
Church
,
by
his
Learning
confounding
their
Arguments
in
several
Disputations
not
only
at
Ephesus
,
but
in
many
other
places
.
He
drew
up
an
Apology
in
the
Defence
of
the
Christian
Religion
,
shewing
the
unlawfulness
and
wickedness
of
Persecution
,
which
he
sent
to
the
Emperor
and
Senate
of
Rome
,
as
also
he
sent
a
Letter
to
Vrbicius
,
Lieutenant
of
the
City
,
in
defence
of
the
Christians
,
and
the
Religion
they
professed
,
charging
him
,
that
he
put
men
to
death
only
for
their
bare
Profession
,
and
that
without
any
due
Examination
which
was
contrary
both
to
the
Laws
of
God
and
Man
;
and
,
by
laying
ope●
the
Holy
Lives
of
the
Christians
,
so
far
prevailed
with
the
Emperor
,
that
he
sent
Letters
to
his
Governours
in
Asia
strictly
charging
them
not
to
put
any
to
death
for
their
Religion
,
unless
there
were
some
notorious
Crimes
proved
against
them
.
After
his
having
painfully
preached
the
Gospe●
in
many
Countries
,
at
last
he
came
to
Rome
,
where
he
had
many
Contests
with
the
Philosophers
and
Sages
;
and
was
at
last
by
the
procurement
of
on●
Crescens
,
Condemned
and
accordingly
Beheaded
,
Anno
Christi
139
;
and
as
Epiphanius
has
it
,
unde●
the
Reign
of
Adrian
himself
,
having
some
tim●
before
Prognosticated
his
own
death
.
And
so
fe●●
this
Faithful
Labourer
in
Christ's
Vineyard
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
St.
IRENEUS
.
IReneus
was
born
in
Asia
,
though
his
Parents
were
Grecians
;
who
,
as
some
think
,
fled
thither
to
avoid
the
storm
of
Persecution
.
In
his
green
years
he
was
under
the
Tutorage
of
Polycarp
Bishop
of
Smyrna
,
who
as
you
have
have
heard
suffered
for
the
Faith
.
Growing
up
to
Maturity
,
he
went
into
France
;
where
he
was
ordained
a
Minister
of
the
Church
at
Lyons
;
and
there
taught
and
instructed
his
Flock
even
in
the
most
perilous
times
;
not
only
by
reason
of
the
Persecutions
that
were
raised
by
the
Heathen
Emperours
,
but
by
the
Troubles
that
happened
by
reason
of
the
Sects
and
Heresies
that
sprung
up
;
yet
he
so
wisely
ordered
his
Affairs
,
that
in
a
short
time
he
brought
things
into
a
peaceable
condition
:
when
,
after
the
Martyrdom
of
Photinus
,
he
was
by
the
General
consent
of
the
Brethren
made
Bishop
of
Lyons
,
where
he
continuing
for
the
space
of
23
years
brought
a
number
over
to
the
Faith
of
Christ
,
and
confounded
the
Doctrine
of
the
Hereticks
,
as
Montanus
,
Theodosius
,
Alcibiades
,
Maximilian
and
others
,
who
spread
abroad
their
Infection
to
corrupt
Christianity
:
after
which
he
sent
Letters
to
Eleutherius
then
Bishop
of
Rome
,
to
desire
him
to
be
diligent
in
keeping
the
Church
in
perfect
Unity
.
He
wrote
five
Books
against
Heresie
,
wherein
he
likewise
set
down
the
damnable
Doctrine
of
the
Hereticks
.
After
he
had
sat
Bishop
for
some
,
and
dispensed
with
many
difficulties
,
God
was
pleased
to
give
Peace
to
his
Church
,
but
it
continued
not
long
for
after
the
death
of
Commodus
,
Severus
succeeding
,
he
raised
up
the
fifth
Persecution
;
during
which
,
the
Christians
went
to
wreck
on
all
sides
,
but
especially
at
Lyons
:
Insomuch
that
by
reason
of
the
number
that
were
slain
,
the
Blood
in
abundance
ran
down
the
Pavements
;
when
,
after
some
time
,
this
Holy
Man
being
taken
,
with
several
of
his
Chief
Friends
,
they
were
led
to
the
top
of
a
Hill
,
on
which
were
placed
Crosses
on
one
hand
,
and
Idols
on
the
other
;
and
they
put
to
their
Choices
either
to
embrace
the
Idols
,
and
live
,
or
to
be
Crucified
:
upon
which
they
joyfully
chose
the
latter
,
suffering
Martyrdom
Anno
Christi
182
,
and
of
Ireneus
his
Age
60
,
or
as
some
will
have
●●90
.
The
Life
of
Tertullian
.
TErtullian
was
by
Birth
a
Carthaginian
,
descended
of
Noble
Parentage
,
his
Father
being
a
Centurion
of
the
Proconsular
Order
;
an
Office
in
great
esteem
amongst
the
Romans
.
He
in
his
youth
gave
himself
wholly
to
study
and
attained
to
such
Perfection
,
that
he
was
admired
by
all
men
,
his
Praise
being
left
upon
Record
by
many
of
our
Modern
Divines
.
At
his
first
entry
upon
Christianity
he
was
made
a
Presbyter
;
in
which
state
he
continued
teaching
and
instructing
such
as
he
could
,
in
the
Principles
of
Religion
,
till
about
the
middle
of
his
Age
,
being
a
great
opposer
of
the
Sects
of
Hereticks
,
which
then
began
to
swarm
in
most
Countries
where
the
Gospel
had
been
planted
.
He
living
in
the
Persecution
under
Severus
,
was
a
great
defender
of
the
Christians
from
such
as
sought
their
Lives
,
not
only
by
his
Arguments
even
to
the
Convincing
of
their
Adversaries
,
but
also
by
protecting
them
from
their
Rage
and
Malice
,
and
by
his
Godly
perswasions
so
wrought
upon
the
Emperour
,
that
he
was
contented
to
stay
the
Persecution
for
a
time
,
during
which
interview
he
wrote
several
excellent
Books
against
the
Hereticks
;
some
of
which
are
extant
to
this
day
,
and
especially
that
,
De
Corona
Militis
,
which
he
wrote
upon
the
occasion
of
a
Christian
Soldier
's
refusing
to
wear
a
Lawrel
Crown
upon
his
head
,
in
Token
of
Victory
;
alledging
,
that
it
did
not
become
Christians
to
wear
Crowns
in
this
Life
.
His
manner
was
to
pray
thrice
a
day
.
In
his
Writings
about
Death
,
Judgment
,
Heaven
and
Hell
,
he
tells
us
that
when
he
was
a
Heathen
he
scoffed
at
those
things
that
he
now
preached
,
and
that
therefore
he
did
perceive
that
we
were
not
born
but
made
Christians
.
His
Conversion
grew
by
Reading
the
Scriptures
,
and
duly
weighing
them
;
declaring
that
whatever
was
done
was
in
them
foretold
;
and
after
his
Conversion
he
was
taken
up
Night
and
Day
in
Reading
and
Expounding
them
;
getting
them
for
the
most
part
by
heart
,
yet
notwithstanding
his
great
Learning
,
he
at
last
fell
into
a
Relapse
by
adhereing
to
the
Doctrine
of
Montanus
;
which
greatly
Eclipsed
the
Glory
of
his
former
Life
.
He
died
Anno
Christi
202
,
and
of
his
Age
63.
The
Life
of
Origen
.
ORigen
was
Born
of
Christian
Parents
,
Anno
189
being
Son
to
Leonides
who
trained
him
up
in
all
good
Literature
,
and
so
well
instructed
him
in
the
grounds
of
Christianity
,
that
he
in
a
short
time
was
too
hard
for
his
Teacher
;
at
which
his
Father
inwardly
rejoyced
,
though
he
outwardly
seemed
displeased
,
and
would
often
whilst
he
was
sleeping
kiss
his
naked
brest
,
as
the
Temple
wherein
the
Holy
Ghost
had
chosen
to
dwell
.
Whilst
he
was
yet
a
youth
the
storm
of
Persecution
grew
loud
against
the
Church
,
by
which
his
Father
was
taken
from
him
and
carried
to
Prison
,
whom
he
would
have
followed
at
the
peril
of
his
own
Life
,
had
not
his
Mother
,
by
hiding
his
Cloathes
,
restrained
him
;
yet
he
writ
to
him
earnestly
admonishing
him
to
continue
faithful
unto
the
end
,
and
not
alter
his
opinion
,
as
indeed
he
did
,
being
put
to
death
for
Christs
sake
,
and
had
all
his
Goods
confiscated
.
Whereupon
his
Mother
being
left
to
shift
for
him
and
his
Brother
,
they
for
a
while
suffered
extream
penury
;
insomuch
that
he
was
obliged
to
maintain
himself
by
keeping
a
School
,
where
he
at
leasure
hours
greatly
improved
his
studies
;
when
a
while
after
Providence
so
ordered
it
,
that
both
he
and
his
Mother
,
together
with
his
Brother
,
were
entertained
in
the
House
of
a
rich
Matron
,
whereat
his
coming
he
found
one
Paulus
a
Heretick
,
who
by
his
courteous
demean
had
gained
great
repute
,
not
only
with
the
Lady
but
with
many
others
who
frequented
his
Lectures
.
Yet
Origen
all
that
in
him
lay
shunned
his
Company
,
and
would
never
be
perswaded
to
joyn
with
him
in
Prayer
,
his
daily
business
at
spare
times
was
to
visit
such
as
were
imprisoned
for
the
Faith
,
to
Instruct
,
Comfort
,
and
Releive
them
;
and
usually
followed
them
to
the
place
of
Execution
,
though
he
greatly
endangered
himself
thereby
:
Being
once
carried
in
order
to
be
stoned
to
death
,
but
God
miraculously
delivered
him
from
the
hands
of
the
Heathen
multitude
,
and
prevented
their
wicked
purpose
.
Nay
,
so
extreamly
was
he
hated
by
the
adversaries
of
the
Church
,
that
oftentimes
a
Guard
of
Souldiers
were
obliged
to
watch
the
House
where
he
was
for
his
safety
.
He
along
time
continued
at
the
before-mentioned
house
,
Preaching
to
,
and
Exhorting
those
that
came
to
him
.
A
number
daily
resorting
,
not
only
of
men
,
but
Women
and
Virgins
;
upon
which
to
avoid
Temptation
he
Gelded
himself
,
as
misapplying
the
Text
wherein
't
is
said
,
There
are
some
that
make
themselves
Eunuches
for
the
Kingdom
of
Heaven
,
for
which
rash
Act
of
his
he
was
afterwards
upbraided
by
his
Fellows
.
About
this
time
the
Church
of
Achaia
,
being
much
vexed
by
the
Hereticks
,
Origen
was
sent
thither
by
the
Brethren
,
with
Letters
which
impowered
him
to
be
assisting
to
extirpate
the
Heresie
,
and
make
up
the
discord
that
was
happened
.
When
in
his
Journy
he
was
by
the
Bishop
of
Palestine
made
a
Presbyter
,
when
he
was
arrived
there
he
grew
so
famous
,
that
not
only
the
Christians
,
but
the
Heathens
came
far
and
near
to
hear
him
Preach
,
which
so
much
Eclipsed
the
fame
of
Demetrius
the
Bishop
,
that
he
strove
by
all
means
to
disgrace
him
;
and
thereupon
published
several
scandals
of
him
to
the
World
,
and
amongst
the
rest
that
of
gelding
himself
.
Yet
the
Holy
man
like
the
Palm-tree
,
the
more
he
was
oppressed
the
more
he
grew
,
continuing
to
Preach
in
Palestine
,
and
Caesarea
,
where
Mammaea
the
Emperours
Mother
hearing
of
his
fame
,
sent
for
him
,
and
by
his
Instructions
was
confirmed
in
the
Faith
.
He
it
was
that
reclaimed
St.
Ambrose
from
his
Haeretical
opinions
.
Certain
it
is
that
he
suffered
many
great
afflictions
during
the
Persecutions
,
as
Imprisonment
,
Racking
with
Iron
bars
,
Confinement
in
Dungeons
and
the
like
;
with
many
terrible
threats
of
death
,
when
at
last
hearing
that
several
Christians
were
carried
to
the
Temple
of
an
Idol
in
Alexandria
to
burn
Incense
,
he
ran
thither
and
earnestly
exhorted
them
rather
to
suffer
death
than
consent
to
such
a
wickedness
;
where
he
was
no
sooner
arrived
,
but
the
multitude
let
go
those
they
had
brought
thither
,
and
laying
hold
of
him
they
haled
him
to
the
Altar
,
and
there
proposed
,
that
he
would
either
offer
Incense
to
the
Idol
,
or
defile
his
Body
with
an
ugly
Black-more
;
whereupon
being
in
a
great
straight
they
forced
the
Censer
into
his
hands
,
and
whilst
he
trembling
held
it
,
they
in
the
like
manner
obliged
him
to
cast
the
Incense
into
the
fire
;
upon
which
they
all
bawled
out
,
Origen
has
Sacrificed
,
Origen
has
Sacrificed
,
upon
which
the
Church
Excommunicated
him
,
which
so
much
grieved
him
,
that
had
he
not
been
supported
by
the
Divine
Spirit
he
had
fallen
into
despair
.
A
long
time
he
mourned
in
silence
and
much
lamented
what
he
had
done
though
unwillingly
,
many
of
his
Prayers
and
Lamentations
being
yet
extant
though
too
tedious
to
be
here
inserted
.
After
he
had
continued
thus
penitent
a
long
he
was
again
received
into
favour
and
whilst
he
continued
at
Alexandria
,
a
Messenger
came
from
the
Governour
of
Arabia
with
Letters
to
the
Leiutenant
of
Aegypt
to
hasten
him
thither
,
to
resolve
the
Governour
in
several
particulars
of
which
he
stood
much
in
doubt
;
whether
he
was
immediately
dispatched
,
and
so
confirmed
the
Governour
that
he
gave
him
many
rich
presents
,
there
likewise
he
Instructed
many
,
Converting
the
Infidels
,
and
Confuting
the
Hereticks
,
who
taught
that
the
Souls
and
Body
dyed
together
,
and
so
at
the
last
day
would
rise
together
.
There
likewise
Theodorus
and
Athenodorus
became
his
Disciples
,
and
gained
so
much
under
him
,
that
shortly
after
they
were
made
Bishops
.
And
now
the
Church
began
to
have
rest
,
but
her
Capital
Enemy
was
Idle
,
but
ploting
all
ways
imaginable
to
disturb
her
peace
,
insomuch
that
Decius
succeeding
Philip
in
the
Roman
Empire
,
he
raised
up
another
Persecution
.
In
which
amongst
the
rest
,
Origen
suffered
many
great
afflictions
,
as
Imprisonments
,
Rackings
,
Scourgings
at
Iron-stakes
,
dark
noisome
Dungeons
;
and
his
feet
for
some
days
stretched
two
yards
asunder
in
the
stocks
,
all
which
he
patiently
suffered
for
the
sake
of
his
Blessed
Master
,
who
had
shed
his
precious
Blood
to
purchase
his
Redemption
,
that
so
he
might
follow
him
to
those
eternal
Mansions
he
went
before
to
prepare
,
for
all
that
faithfully
love
and
serve
him
,
nor
can
it
be
imagined
that
this
great
Pillar
of
the
Church
,
came
any
whit
short
of
his
blessed
expectation
.
He
died
in
the
Reigns
of
Gallus
and
Volusianus
Anno
Christi
220.
and
of
his
Age
69.
leaving
behind
him
many
of
his
Sacred
Works
,
which
in
all
Ages
of
the
Church
have
been
very
profitable
,
but
especially
his
Tomes
upon
the
Gospel
of
St.
John
,
and
those
upon
the
Lamentations
of
Jeremiah
,
which
he
wrought
during
his
being
Excommunicated
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
St.
Cyprian
.
CYprian
was
by
Birth
a
Carthaginian
,
born
of
Heathen
Parents
,
himself
being
likewise
trained
up
in
Idolatrous
Worship
,
till
such
time
as
God
was
pleased
to
open
his
Eyes
and
shew
him
into
what
hazard
of
Eternal
woe
he
had
plunged
himself
.
Learned
he
was
in
all
the
Arts
and
Sciences
,
that
Age
was
capable
off
;
though
they
all
shot
wide
of
Saving
Knowledge
he
greatly
addicted
himself
to
the
Study
of
Magick
,
that
Diabolick
Art
;
yet
one
day
going
to
hear
the
Ministry
of
Caecilius
,
a
Godly
Presbyter
of
Carthage
,
more
out
of
curiosity
than
to
profit
thereby
,
but
God
so
effectually
wrought
that
by
that
good
Mans
Preaching
out
of
the
Prophet
Jonas
,
our
St.
Cyprian
was
throughly
converted
to
the
Christian
Faith
:
When
as
the
Carthagians
perceiving
that
he
was
a
true
Convert
,
and
beheld
his
zeal
for
the
Christian
Religion
,
they
prevailed
with
him
to
be
ordained
a
Presbyter
,
after
which
he
continued
amongst
them
Preaching
the
Gospel
and
exhorting
all
to
be
stedfast
to
the
end
,
and
then
they
would
not
fail
to
receive
the
promised
Crown
of
Life
.
By
his
constancy
in
opposing
the
Enemies
of
the
Church
,
and
his
undaunted
Resolution
,
in
carrying
on
the
great
work
of
the
Gospel
,
he
grew
in
a
short
time
famous
amongst
the
Christians
,
insomuch
that
he
was
made
Bishop
of
Carthage
,
and
had
the
governance
of
all
the
Churches
in
Africk
;
for
nothing
of
any
moment
was
done
without
his
Knowledge
and
Consent
.
Nay
,
often
the
Churches
of
Spain
,
and
other
parts
sent
to
him
to
have
his
advice
in
doubtful
matters
,
his
business
at
all
leasure
times
was
to
write
to
the
Pastors
of
the
Churches
,
to
Admonish
them
to
be
vigilant
in
looking
to
their
Charge
,
least
the
Wolves
in
Sheeps
cloathing
should
get
into
Gods
fold
,
several
of
his
Excellent
Epistles
being
yet
extant
.
He
also
could
predict
future
events
long
before
they
came
to
pass
.
He
was
of
a
Free
,
Courteous
and
Obliging
temper
,
no
ways
given
to
Passion
,
he
greatly
delighted
in
Reading
,
and
would
let
no
day
pass
wherein
he
did
not
consult
some
of
the
Fathers
works
,
but
especially
Tertullian
;
whom
he
called
his
Master
,
endeavouring
nothing
more
than
to
keep
himself
unspoted
from
the
pollutions
and
defilements
of
the
flesh
.
When
a
Persecution
was
raised
against
the
Church
by
Aemilianus
,
President
of
Aegypt
,
and
by
Paternus
and
Galerius
Maximus
;
in
which
many
hundreds
of
Christians
fell
,
he
wrote
an
Epistle
to
the
afflicted
Church
,
to
tell
them
that
the
true
cause
of
their
Persecution
,
sprung
from
the
division
and
discords
amongst
themselves
,
For
how
,
says
he
,
can
you
imagine
,
but
your
Enemies
will
get
advantage
over
you
,
when
you
neglect
the
Precepts
of
God
,
and
run
headlong
into
greivous
errors
wounding
each
other
by
Schisms
in
the
Churches
,
therefore
Repent
from
the
bottom
of
your
Hearts
and
God
will
Repent
him
of
the
evil
he
intends
to
afflict
you
withal
.
Long
before
this
Persecution
he
had
a
Vision
,
wherein
was
represented
a
miserable
old
Man
with
a
careful
Countenance
,
and
on
his
right
hand
sat
a
young
man
very
sorrowful
and
heavy
,
and
not
far
off
one
dancing
with
a
Net
out
spread
in
his
hands
,
calling
at
several
that
stood
some
distance
,
at
which
whilst
Cyprian
was
wondring
he
seemed
to
hear
a
voice
saying
,
Young
man
that
thou
seest
sit
on
the
right
hand
is
sad
and
sorrowful
,
because
his
precepts
are
not
observed
.
But
he
on
the
left
hand
danceth
and
is
merry
for
that
occasion
is
given
him
to
get
power
from
the
antient
Father
to
afflict
men
.
He
had
likewise
another
Vision
,
wherein
he
was
admonished
to
be
sparing
in
meats
and
drinks
,
least
that
his
mind
long
given
to
Heavenly
Meditation
,
might
be
drawn
away
by
worldly
allurements
.
In
the
beginning
of
the
Persecution
he
went
joyfully
in
to
Banishment
lest
as
himself
declared
he
should
cause
the
Enemies
to
rage
the
more
against
his
Congregation
,
he
also
continued
there
very
patiently
till
after
the
Death
of
Decius
the
Emperour
,
when
he
again
returned
to
his
charge
;
but
had
scarce
visited
his
Friends
,
before
Paternus
again
exiled
him
,
after
his
death
he
came
back
again
,
in
hopes
of
rest
but
Galerius
Maximus
succeeding
him
,
he
caused
Cyprian
to
be
apprehended
,
as
he
was
walking
in
his
Garden
,
giving
order
to
the
Souldiers
that
they
should
carry
him
to
the
Idol
Temple
to
Worship
,
and
offer
Sacrifice
,
the
which
when
he
refused
to
do
the
Pro-Consul
breaking
out
into
a
great
passion
,
said
,
Long
hast
thou
lived
in
a
Sacrilegious
mind
,
and
hast
gathered
together
men
of
a
wicked
Conspiracy
,
and
hast
shewed
thy self
an
Enemy
to
the
Gods
of
the
Romans
,
and
their
Holy
Laws
;
neither
could
the
Sacred
Emperours
Valerianus
and
Galienus
,
revoke
thee
to
the
Sect
of
their
Ceremonies
wherefore
I
condemn
thee
to
have
thy
head
cut
off
,
to
which
with
a
joyful
Countenance
Cyprian
,
replyed
,
do
what
ever
shall
be
in
thy
power
,
and
thereupon
he
putting
of
his
Cloaths
delivered
them
to
his
Deacons
,
bidding
them
give
his
Executioner
five
twenty
peices
of
Gold
for
the
kindness
he
was
to
do
him
,
and
thereby
to
express
he
freely
forgave
him
.
And
then
pulling
a
vail
over
his
Eyes
,
he
kneeled
down
and
had
his
head
smitten
off
with
a
Sword
,
suffering
Martyrdom
for
the
Testimony
of
his
Lord
and
Master
,
Anno
259
and
in
the
70
year
of
his
Age
,
as
some
have
it
.
The
Life
of
Eusebius
.
EVsebius
was
Bishop
of
Caesarea
,
where
he
continued
for
a
long
time
,
disposing
and
ordering
the
Affairs
of
the
Church
being
a
Man
of
great
Learning
,
Mild
and
Modest
in
his
behaviour
.
By
his
Study
and
Industry
he
got
to
be
so
Famous
that
the
Emperour
Constantine
the
Great
was
wont
to
say
of
him
,
that
he
was
not
worthy
only
to
be
Bishop
of
one
City
or
Country
,
but
of
the
whole
Vniverse
.
St.
Basil
says
of
him
,
that
he
is
worthy
to
be
credited
for
his
great
Experience
;
and
St.
Hierom
declares
that
Eusebius
was
a
great
Student
of
the
Sacred
Scriptures
,
and
together
with
Pamphilus
the
Martyr
,
a
most
diligent
searcher
of
the
Divine
Library
.
He
it
was
that
wrote
a
great
part
of
the
Ecclesiastical
History
,
and
left
behind
him
many
famous
works
of
his
own
Writing
.
In
his
Time
,
Eustathius
Bishop
of
Antioch
,
being
deposed
,
as
some
Authors
report
,
for
the
Sabellian
Heresie
,
which
caused
no
small
distraction
in
that
City
;
the
People
being
divided
into
two
parties
,
nay
,
even
the
Souldiers
themselves
,
one
part
standing
up
for
the
deposed
Bishop
,
the
other
were
for
bringing
in
Eusebius
,
who
utterly
refused
to
come
to
them
,
and
therefore
was
highly
commended
for
his
Modesty
and
Moderation
by
the
Emperour
,
who
sent
his
Letters
to
the
Governour
strictly
charging
him
to
put
an
end
to
the
Division
,
or
allay
the
Tumult
;
the
which
in
a
short
time
was
effected
,
which
otherwise
had
proved
the
overthrow
of
that
City
.
Within
a
while
after
a
Synod
was
assembled
at
Tyre
,
where
all
the
Bishops
Assembled
to
put
an
end
to
some
differences
that
sprang
up
in
the
Church
;
whither
Eusebius
at
the
request
of
the
Emperor
went
,
and
was
constituted
chief
Judge
;
which
moved
the
Envy
of
many
against
him
,
and
especially
Potalomon
,
who
had
in
the
former
Persecution
been
one
of
his
Fellow
Prisoners
,
and
now
exclaimed
that
he
took
too
much
upon
,
by
exalting
himself
above
the
rest
of
the
Clergy
;
but
was
soon
overcome
by
the
Grave
and
Mild
Speeches
of
Eusebius
.
Many
Divines
there
are
that
do
charge
him
with
Arianism
,
as
denying
the
Deity
of
Christ
;
but
Athanasius
declares
that
he
recanted
in
the
Niceus
Council
.
And
Hierom
charges
him
as
an
open
defender
of
the
Arian
Doctrine
:
but
on
the
other
hand
,
Socrates
out
of
Eusebius's
own
Writings
endeavours
to
vindicate
him
from
that
Aspersion
.
And
Scultetus
Reports
thus
,
Arius
,
saith
he
,
denied
the
Eternity
and
Co-equality
of
the
Son
of
God
;
but
Eusebius
every
where
professes
his
Eternity
,
though
he
never
seriously
believed
his
Co-equality
with
the
Father
.
Yet
notwithstanding
those
Aspersions
thrown
upon
him
,
the
Church
has
greatly
profited
by
his
Labours
,
he
being
a
man
of
great
Wisdom
and
Foresight
,
as
does
appear
by
the
many
Books
he
wrote
;
some
of
which
have
been
lost
,
but
many
have
been
transmitted
to
Posterity
even
till
now
.
He
lived
to
a
good
old
Age
,
for
the
most
part
in
Peace
and
Tranquillity
;
Dying
Anno
Christi
340.
The
Life
of
Lactantius
.
HE
was
by
Birth
an
Italian
,
when
going
to
Rome
,
he
became
a
Scholar
under
Arnobius
where
he
greatly
profited
in
Sacred
Learning
,
fixing
his
mind
altogether
upon
Divine
things
.
Insomuch
that
with
the
assistance
of
God's
Holy
Spirit
,
he
in
a
short
time
grew
famous
;
when
having
perfected
his
studies
at
Rome
,
he
departed
thence
for
Bithynia
,
where
he
kept
a
School
of
Oratory
under
the
Reigns
of
Dioclesian
and
Constantine
the
Great
,
at
what
time
he
perceiving
that
many
had
fled
from
their
Charge
,
for
to
shelter
from
the
Persecution
which
raged
under
the
former
of
these
Emperours
,
he
as
a
Champion
stood
up
for
the
defence
of
the
Christian
Religion
;
and
both
by
his
Preaching
and
Writings
,
boldly
maintained
its
Verity
and
Sanctity
which
may
Appear
by
some
of
his
Books
that
are
yet
extant
;
notwithstanding
which
,
the
Persecution
raged
fearfully
,
insomuch
that
a
great
number
of
the
Christians
Churches
were
demolished
by
Fire
,
and
the
Fire
again
in
some
places
quenched
with
their
Blood
,
in
which
time
,
many
of
his
Books
were
lost
,
yet
he
rested
secure
till
it
pleased
hea●en
to
allay
the
Tempest
;
in
which
fell
no
less
,
as
some
Authors
of
note
reckon
,
than
250000
Christians
.
After
which
the
Tyrant
dying
,
Constantine
the
Great
revoked
his
wicked
Decrees
,
and
comfort●d
the
Christians
;
restoring
them
to
their
Chur●hes
and
Lands
.
He
also
sent
for
Lactantius
,
and
made
him
Tutor
to
his
Son
Crispus
,
where
when
he
had
continued
a
considerable
time
,
he
departed
this
Life
,
dying
Anno
Christi
308.
He
was
a
man
of
great
parts
,
both
Morally
and
Divinely
Wise
;
he
was
always
Liberal
,
for
whatsoever
he
received
,
he
again
distributed
it
to
such
as
were
in
want
;
Insomuch
that
notwithstanding
the
many
rich
presents
he
received
at
the
hands
of
the
Emperour
,
he
died
very
Poor
.
The
Life
of
Athanasius
.
AThanasius
was
an
Egyptian
by
Birth
,
being
born
in
the
City
of
Alexandria
;
and
wa●
in
his
youth
taken
by
Alexander
the
Bisho●
of
that
place
;
who
,
for
his
good
liking
to
hi●
caused
him
to
be
instructed
in
the
Knowledge
〈◊〉
the
Scriptures
making
him
a
Deacon
,
and
caus●
him
to
go
with
him
to
the
Council
of
Nice
summoned
by
Constantine
the
Great
against
the
Arian●
there
,
by
his
sharp
disputes
,
he
confounded
the
Arguments
and
false
Doctrine
,
though
at
the
time
he
was
but
a
Youth
.
After
the
Counc●●
broke
up
,
he
returned
with
the
Bishop
into
Egy●●
and
continued
obedient
to
him
.
When
a
litt●●
before
the
Death
of
the
said
Alexander
it
was
re●vealed
to
him
that
Athanasius
should
succeed
him
the
which
he
remembring
,
when
at
the
point
〈◊〉
Death
,
called
for
him
,
but
he
having
notice
what
he
intended
,
fled
and
hid
himself
as
being
loth
to
undertake
so
great
a
Charge
;
and
when
those
that
sought
him
,
could
not
find
him
,
the
dying
Bishop
with
his
last
breath
said
,
O
Athanasius
,
thou
thinkest
that
thou
canst
escape
,
yet
shalt
thou
not
escape
this
Office
.
The
Bishop
was
no
sooner
dead
,
but
Athanasius
was
found
out
;
and
though
much
against
his
will
made
Bishop
,
at
which
the
Arians
and
Hereticks
being
greatly
grieved
,
sought
all
imaginable
ways
to
intrap
him
;
making
many
grievous
complaints
against
him
to
the
Emperour
,
of
all
which
he
cleared
himself
:
yet
ceased
not
the
restless
Malice
of
his
Adversaries
,
but
again
insinuating
themselves
into
the
Emperor's
Favour
,
they
told
him
that
Athanasius
was
the
cheif
Cause
and
principal
Contriver
of
all
the
Civil
Discords
that
had
happened
in
the
Church
;
upon
which
the
Emperor
summoned
him
to
appear
before
him
;
which
he
joyfully
did
,
and
there
bafled
all
the
Objections
that
were
charged
against
him
,
plainly
discovering
the
Malice
of
his
Enemies
.
Yet
could
he
not
rest
quiet
,
for
Arius
and
his
Faction
daily
sought
his
destruction
;
whereupon
they
charged
him
for
breaking
the
Chalice
;
and
that
one
Arsenius
being
murthered
,
he
had
cut
off
one
of
his
Armes
to
practise
Magick
withal
;
and
that
he
had
lain
with
a
Woman
by
force
.
To
try
him
for
these
pretended
Crimes
,
a
Council
was
called
at
Tyrus
;
but
upon
the
hearing
of
the
matter
,
their
Malice
was
again
bewrayed
,
the
Person
said
to
be
murthered
,
being
produced
in
Court
alive
;
and
the
Woman
knew
him
not
,
but
charged
one
Timothy
a
Presbyter
with
the
Fact
:
yet
he
fearing
that
in
the
Tumult
his
Adversaries
had
raised
,
he
might
be
Murther'd
,
he
by
the
Advice
of
his
Friends
departed
secretly
to
Rome
;
when
as
his
Enemies
perceiving
they
had
missed
of
their
Aim
,
they
brought
other
false
Witnesses
against
him
,
and
in
his
Absence
passed
Sentence
upon
him
,
and
deprived
him
of
all
his
Dignities
,
at
which
the
Emperour
being
much
offended
sent
for
them
to
answer
for
what
they
had
done
;
yet
so
far
they
prevailed
with
him
by
the
Assistance
of
Eusebius
that
they
procured
the
Bishop's
Banishment
into
France
:
After
which
Arius
and
his
Faction
grew
strong
,
and
the
better
to
insinuate
himself
into
the
intire
favour
of
the
Emperour
,
he
subscribed
to
the
Articles
of
the
Nicene
Council
,
though
much
like
the
Jesuits
of
our
Age
,
by
the
way
of
Mental
Reservation
;
for
having
a
Paper
of
his
own
Erroneous
opinions
in
his
Bosom
,
When
the
Emperour
asked
him
whether
he
did
believe
all
from
his
Heart
?
He
said
,
he
did
believe
all
;
meaning
all
that
he
had
written
.
But
not
long
after
Heavens
Vengeance
found
him
out
,
for
he
going
into
a
Privy
,
there
voided
his
Bowels
,
and
died
in
that
miserable
Condition
.
After
the
death
of
Constantine
,
his
Son
Constantius
succeeding
him
,
the
Faction
so
far
prevailed
with
him
as
to
gain
him
to
their
Party
,
and
then
all
of
the
Orthodox
Religion
went
to
wrack
.
Great
search
was
there
after
the
Bishop
,
and
a
Decree
sent
out
to
kill
him
wherever
they
found
him
.
The
Bishops
of
the
True
Religion
were
Imprisoned
,
Deposed
and
Massacred
;
so
that
now
all
places
were
again
filled
with
Lamentation
and
Mourning
,
and
Athanasius
was
forced
to
fly
from
place
to
place
to
secure
his
Life
:
till
at
last
it
pleased
God
to
move
the
Emperour
to
take
him
into
favour
,
and
restore
him
to
his
Bishoprick
;
which
fore
grieved
his
Enemies
,
who
again
began
to
lay
grievous
Accusations
to
his
Charge
,
and
offered
to
prove
them
,
but
being
urged
thereto
they
could
not
do
it
.
When
Julian
came
to
be
Emperour
,
at
the
instance
of
the
Arians
he
sent
to
the
Governour
of
Egypt
to
Banish
Athanasius
;
but
he
only
hid
him
till
the
Death
of
that
wicked
Emperour
,
maintaining
him
at
his
own
Charge
.
After
him
Jovianus
and
Valentinian
Ruling
the
Eastern
and
the
Western
Empire
,
he
was
Recalled
and
Established
in
his
Bishoprick
;
where
after
all
the
stormes
that
were
raised
up
against
him
,
he
died
in
peace
at
Alexandria
,
Anno
Christi
375
;
having
been
Bishop
of
that
See
46
years
,
during
which
time
he
had
been
in
many
great
Perils
and
Hazards
of
his
Life
;
for
not
only
Bishops
but
Emperours
and
Nations
sought
his
Destruction
:
but
God
delivered
him
out
of
their
hands
,
to
the
Glory
of
his
Name
;
for
his
only
trust
was
in
God
alone
,
which
caused
him
often
to
say
,
though
Armies
should
encamp
about
me
,
yet
I
would
not
fear
.
He
was
a
man
of
sound
Judgment
,
of
great
Integrity
and
Uprightness
;
much
beloved
of
all
good
Christians
,
which
was
seen
by
the
great
rejoycing
they
made
at
his
Re-installment
.
The
Life
of
St.
BASIL
.
ST.
Basil
was
born
in
Pontus
,
of
Christian
Parents
;
his
Great
Grandfather
suffering
Martyrdom
for
the
Testimony
of
Jesus
Christ
,
under
Galerius
Maximus
.
When
this
Holy
Man
was
grown
to
years
of
discretion
,
he
went
to
Caesarea
,
a
City
in
Cappadocia
,
where
he
profited
much
in
Learning
,
excelling
in
a
short
time
all
of
his
Age.
When
he
had
continued
there
for
some
time
,
he
departed
to
Constantinople
,
&
from
thence
to
Athens
,
and
afterwards
to
Antioch
;
in
which
places
he
greatly
Improved
his
Learning
;
often
disputing
and
confounding
the
Arians
,
who
in
his
time
greatly
increased
.
His
Fame
being
once
spread
abroad
,
he
was
ordained
Deacon
by
Meletius
,
Bishop
of
Antioch
,
and
afterwards
Bishop
of
Caesarea
,
by
the
Decease
of
Eusebius
his
Predecessor
.
He
had
not
long
been
settled
in
that
See
before
the
Emperour
Valence
,
by
the
perswasion
of
the
Arians
(
whose
Opinions
he
strictly
Embraced
)
was
prevailed
with
to
remove
him
,
and
put
one
of
their
Faction
in
his
room
,
but
when
the
Emperor
was
on
his
way
,
news
came
that
his
only
Son
was
even
at
the
point
Death
,
which
caused
his
stay
:
as
likewise
his
Wife
disswaded
him
from
going
,
by
telling
him
of
several
fearful
Dreams
,
that
had
presented
themselves
to
her
Fancy
,
saying
all
had
happened
through
his
persecuting
the
Christians
.
Whereupon
he
sent
for
Basil
,
who
coming
into
his
Presence
,
he
speaks
to
him
after
this
manner
,
If
thy
Faith
and
Opinion
be
true
,
pray
that
my
Son
dye
not
of
this
disease
.
To
which
Basil
replyed
,
If
thou
wilt
promise
me
to
believe
as
I
do
,
and
if
thou
wilt
bring
the
Church
into
Vnity
and
Concord
,
past
doubt
thy
child
shall
recover
.
But
upon
the
Emperour
's
refusing
to
consent
,
he
departed
;
saying
,
Let
God
deal
with
the
child
as
to
him
best
seemeth
and
immediately
after
he
died
.
During
the
persecution
raised
by
this
Emperor
he
put
80
Presbyters
into
a
Ship
designing
to
set
it
on
Fire
upon
the
water
;
when
meeting
with
Basil
,
he
perswaded
him
to
embrace
the
Arian
Doctrine
,
promising
to
promote
him
to
great
dignity
;
but
he
undauntedly
told
him
,
that
such
fair
Promises
were
fit
only
to
intice
Children
,
but
that
he
was
taught
and
nourished
by
the
Holy
Scripture
and
was
ready
rather
to
suffer
a
thousand
deaths
,
than
to
suffer
one
syllable
or
Iota
of
the
Scriptures
to
be
altered
.
Whereupon
the
Emperour
fell
into
a
Rage
,
threatning
to
put
him
to
Death
and
Confiscate
his
goods
:
but
he
nothing
daunted
,
replyed
,
he
feared
not
what
he
could
do
to
him
for
that
if
he
put
him
do
death
it
was
only
to
set
him
at
Liberty
.
The
Praefect
standing
by
and
hearing
his
resolution
,
told
him
he
was
mad
;
to
whom
he
replyed
,
I
wish
I
may
be
for
ever
thus
mad
.
Whereupon
he
had
a
nights
time
allowed
him
to
resolve
what
was
best
to
be
done
.
Next
Morning
,
he
Preaching
in
the
Church
,
the
Emperour
came
in
with
an
intent
to
disturb
him
;
but
beholding
the
Gravity
of
the
man
,
and
his
modest
Behaviour
,
he
recanted
his
purpose
,
and
would
have
presented
him
with
a
large
Gift
;
but
he
mildly
refused
it
.
A
while
after
the
Praefect
sending
for
him
,
Commanded
him
to
comply
with
the
will
of
the
Emperour
,
or
there
was
no
way
for
him
but
death
.
Yet
gave
him
a
longer
time
to
consider
,
but
in
vain
;
for
he
grew
yet
more
and
more
confirmed
,
desiring
rather
to
receive
the
Crown
of
Martyrdom
,
than
to
dye
a
natural
Death
:
which
when
the
Emperour
perceived
he
revoked
his
Sentence
:
Yet
at
the
Instance
of
the
Arians
,
he
consented
to
subscribe
an
Edict
for
his
Banishment
;
but
when
he
came
to
write
,
the
Ink
would
make
no
impression
,
though
often
tryed
;
as
also
at
that
time
such
a
Trembling
seised
his
right
hand
,
that
being
terrified
he
tore
the
Paper
and
cast
it
from
him
.
So
that
notwithstanding
all
the
malice
of
his
Enemies
,
Basil
died
at
Casarea
,
when
he
had
sat
Bishop
there
8
years
,
departing
this
Life
,
Anno
Christi
370.
The
Life
of
St.
Ambrose
.
HE
was
Born
in
France
his
Father
being
a
Roman
Praefect
,
a
little
after
his
Birth
as
he
was
lying
in
the
Cradle
,
a
swarm
of
Bees
came
and
setled
upon
his
face
,
and
again
departed
without
doing
him
any
harm
,
which
caused
his
Father
to
say
,
if
he
lived
he
would
be
something
great
.
After
he
came
to
maturity
he
Travelled
to
Rome
,
and
there
so
closely
plyed
his
study
,
that
he
in
a
short
time
attained
to
the
Excellency
of
Knowledge
in
Divine
things
.
After
a
while
he
was
appointed
by
the
Emperour
Valentinian
,
to
be
Governour
of
Insubria
,
and
Lieutenant
of
the
City
of
Millain
,
about
which
time
by
reason
of
the
Death
of
the
Bishop
of
that
City
there
happened
a
great
contest
about
Electing
a
new
Bishop
.
Insomuch
that
the
City
was
like
to
be
in
an
uproar
,
whereupon
St.
Ambrose
going
to
the
great
Church
,
to
perswade
them
to
Peace
and
Unity
,
after
he
had
made
a
short
Oration
,
they
all
with
one
consent
cryed
out
,
Ambrose
,
Ambrose
,
every
one
now
agreeing
though
greatly
divided
before
,
that
he
should
be
their
Bishop
,
which
strange
Alteration
the
Bishops
present
perceiving
,
concluded
it
hap'ned
by
the
Divine
Will
of
God
,
and
thereupon
they
confirmed
the
peoples
choice
,
sending
to
acquaint
the
Emperour
with
what
had
happened
,
who
greatly
rejoyced
thereat
,
saying
,
That
he
thanked
God
that
he
had
so
approved
of
his
Choice
,
for
that
he
whom
he
had
set
over
them
to
Govern
their
Bodies
,
God
had
now
instituted
a
Governour
of
their
Souls
.
After
he
was
setled
in
that
See
,
all
things
became
quiet
and
calm
,
the
Emperour
highly
approving
of
all
he
did
,
but
after
his
Death
his
Wife
Justina
,
who
was
much
infected
with
Arianisme
,
raised
him
up
great
trouble
;
she
and
her
Son
coming
to
Millain
for
that
purpose
,
where
an
Edict
was
signed
for
his
Banishment
,
but
the
People
withstood
it
even
with
force
,
rescuing
him
from
those
that
were
appointed
to
bear
him
thence
,
when
in
the
mean
time
news
came
that
Maximus
a
Britain
had
Rebel'd
,
and
that
Gratian
the
Emperour
was
slain
in
France
,
by
Andragathius
,
and
that
he
advanced
with
his
Army
towards
Rome
:
This
news
so
quel'd
the
Spirits
of
the
cruel
Empress
,
that
she
left
off
what
she
intended
against
this
Holy
Man
,
yet
did
she
proceed
to
infuse
the
poyson
of
Arianism
into
Valentinian
her
Son
,
which
she
did
so
effectually
that
he
embraced
it
to
the
last
;
notwithstanding
all
the
endeavours
St.
Ambrose
used
to
divert
him
from
it
,
and
to
confirm
him
in
the
true
Doctrine
of
Christ
,
which
his
Mother
perceiving
stirred
him
up
against
St.
Ambrose
,
whereupon
he
one
day
went
with
an
Army
of
Souldiers
,
and
beset
the
Temple
where
he
was
Praying
,
commanding
him
to
come
out
,
but
he
refused
,
saying
,
That
he
would
not
forsake
the
Sheep-fold
of
Christ
to
let
the
Wolves
enter
,
but
that
he
was
ready
to
dye
where
he
was
,
which
brave
speech
so
daunted
the
Youngster
,
that
he
retired
without
doing
him
any
harm
.
During
Theodosius's
Reign
,
in
the
Eastern
Empire
a
great
Sedition
befell
in
the
City
of
Thessalonica
which
so
inraged
the
Emperour
,
that
at
the
instance
of
one
Ruffinus
,
he
sent
thither
a
great
power
who
entering
the
City
,
slew
many
thousands
of
the
Inhabitants
,
not
discerning
between
the
Guilty
and
the
Innocent
,
which
so
grieved
St.
Ambrose
that
he
Excommunicated
the
Emperour
,
and
would
by
no
means
absolve
him
,
though
all
entreaties
were
used
,
till
such
time
as
he
had
throughly
Repented
him
of
that
rash
deed
;
nor
then
till
he
had
established
a
Law
,
that
all
Sentences
and
Decrees
passed
in
Anger
should
be
void
,
and
that
Thirty
days
should
always
pass
between
the
passing
of
the
Sentence
and
the
Executing
the
same
,
to
which
the
good
Emperour
freely
consenting
he
was
Absolved
,
and
received
again
into
the
Communion
of
the
Church
.
On
a
certain
time
a
Wizard
sent
his
familiar
Spirit
to
kill
St.
Ambrose
,
but
the
Spirit
returning
told
the
Wizard
that
he
was
so
fenced
about
,
that
he
could
not
hurt
him
.
At
another
time
one
coming
with
a
drawn
Sword
to
his
Bed-side
to
kill
him
,
his
hand
on
a
suddain
withered
,
so
that
he
could
not
stir
it
till
upon
his
hearty
Repentance
,
St.
Ambrose
prayed
over
it
,
and
restored
it
as
his
other
.
When
Eugenius
was
Emperour
,
Flavianus
the
Prefect
desired
leave
of
him
to
build
an
Altar
of
victory
in
the
City
of
Millain
,
the
which
St.
Ambrose
greatly
opposed
,
but
perceiving
he
could
not
hinder
it
,
he
departed
the
City
and
returned
not
till
after
the
death
of
the
Emperour
,
and
his
Prefect
,
who
going
out
to
fight
against
Theodosius
,
where
Eugenius
upon
his
flight
after
the
overthrow
was
slain
by
his
Souldiers
and
the
other
fell
in
the
Battle
.
After
St.
Ambrose
had
sate
Bishop
about
Sixteen
years
,
Death
summoned
him
to
lay
down
this
troublesome
Life
,
for
a
Life
more
lasting
;
whereupon
before
his
Death
,
he
resolved
to
provide
a
Shepherd
for
his
Flock
,
and
for
that
purpose
sent
for
one
Simplicianus
,
and
ordained
him
Bishop
in
his
stead
,
and
then
after
having
given
many
godly
Exhortations
to
such
as
were
about
him
,
he
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
Dying
in
the
third
Year
of
Theodorus
,
Anno
Christi
397.
To
the
great
grief
of
the
Christians
,
whose
Champion
he
had
been
in
the
greatest
Persecutions
that
Hell
had
raised
up
to
Eclipse
the
lustre
of
the
Gospel
.
The
Life
of
St.
Hierome
.
ST.
Hierom
was
Born
at
Seridon
,
a
City
in
the
Confines
of
Dalmatia
,
Anno
Christi
331.
his
Father
was
Eusebius
,
a
Godly
and
Virtuous
Christian
.
When
he
was
but
a
Youth
,
he
was
sent
to
Rome
,
where
he
greatly
profited
in
Learning
,
especially
in
the
best
of
Knowledge
,
viz.
The
Understanding
of
the
Scriptures
,
which
be
there
expounded
to
many
that
came
to
him
.
Skilled
he
was
in
most
of
the
known
Tounges
especially
in
such
as
were
any
ways
useful
to
Learning
.
Being
thus
expert
he
Travelled
into
France
,
where
he
acquainted
himself
with
the
most
Learned
of
that
Countrey
,
and
grew
there
so
famous
,
that
Bonosus
would
needs
Accompany
him
in
his
Travels
,
when
having
spent
much
time
in
viewing
the
Libraries
,
and
Writing
out
several
worthy
Books
of
the
Fathers
,
he
returned
into
his
own
Country
;
where
he
had
not
rested
long
er'e
(
considering
the
great
wickedness
that
reigned
in
most
Cities
and
Towns
)
he
resolved
upon
a
private
Life
,
endeavouring
what
in
him
lay
to
perswade
some
of
his
Companions
to
take
part
therein
with
him
,
and
especially
Pammachius
,
but
he
would
not
consent
.
Yet
a
while
after
St.
Hierome
having
setled
his
affaires
,
went
to
Jerusalem
to
take
a
view
of
all
the
memorable
places
;
where
by
reason
of
the
Contagion
that
was
engendered
in
the
Aire
,
he
fell
sick
,
but
in
a
short
time
having
recovered
his
health
he
resolved
upon
putting
his
former
resolves
in
practice
,
and
thereupon
retired
into
a
Desart
or
Wilderness
between
Syria
and
the
Saracens
,
where
he
continued
into
a
Cave
,
not
having
other
Company
than
wild
Beasts
and
Serpents
,
except
the
converse
he
had
with
Heaven
,
and
his
Books
,
and
having
in
his
Youth
time
been
somewhat
extravagant
he
much
bewailed
himself
of
those
follies
,
shedding
abundance
of
Tears
,
and
begged
of
God
not
to
remember
the
sins
of
his
Youth
,
he
likewise
divided
his
time
into
two
parts
,
one
for
Prayer
,
the
other
for
Meditation
.
He
slept
very
little
,
his
Diet
being
only
Roots
,
Herbs
,
and
Water
.
During
his
Solitude
,
he
learned
most
of
the
Scripture
by
Heart
,
and
not
only
so
but
he
made
many
excellent
Expositions
upon
the
Prophets
,
and
especially
that
of
Obadiah
,
sometimes
he
would
walk
out
of
his
Cell
to
visit
some
of
the
Neighbouring
Monks
,
who
had
betaken
themselves
to
a
retired
Life
,
living
there
truly
Religious
,
their
Lives
and
Manners
far
differing
from
any
of
our
Age.
After
he
had
continued
in
this
state
for
some
Years
,
he
heard
there
were
new
differences
sprung
up
in
the
Church
,
whereupon
he
left
his
Cell
and
went
to
Rome
,
where
he
was
no
sooner
arrived
;
but
all
men
judged
St.
Hierome
the
fittest
person
to
succeed
Damasus
the
present
Bishop
.
Yet
some
there
wanted
not
,
who
not
long
after
began
to
Envy
his
Vertues
,
charging
him
for
leaving
Rome
and
departing
into
Syria
,
and
their
living
amongst
Heathens
:
Yet
he
so
excused
himself
in
many
particulars
,
that
his
Enemies
were
at
last
ashamed
of
their
Accusations
,
so
that
he
continued
at
Rome
Teaching
and
Instructing
many
in
the
Faith
,
and
especially
the
noble
Matrons
,
in
the
Houses
of
one
of
whom
he
lived
.
By
this
time
the
Arrians
being
grown
powerful
,
began
to
spread
their
infection
abroad
,
and
at
last
were
so
bold
as
to
endeavour
the
bringing
over
St.
Hierom
to
their
Party
,
the
reason
they
had
to
beleive
he
would
adhere
to
them
,
was
,
because
he
read
Origen's
Works
:
But
when
he
heard
what
they
intended
,
he
utterly
detested
against
them
,
and
to
avoid
any
scandal
he
left
Rome
,
and
much
Repented
him
that
he
had
come
thither
,
for
now
the
Church
growing
Rich
,
Christian
simplicity
,
and
sincere
Religion
began
to
be
laid
aside
,
and
Formalities
,
and
Traditions
heaped
up
in
their
stead
.
Having
passed
through
some
Countries
,
and
Visited
many
of
his
former
Acquaintance
,
he
came
again
into
Syria
;
and
in
his
Journey
he
grew
into
Familiar
Acquaintance
with
that
Worthy
Man
Gregory
Nazianzen
,
whom
he
ever
after
called
his
Master
.
Of
him
he
Learned
many
things
,
a
while
after
by
the
perswasion
of
Apollinarius
he
went
to
Alexandria
,
and
there
compleated
his
Studies
in
Divinity
by
the
help
of
Didymus
,
and
a
while
after
he
went
and
setled
himself
at
Bethlehem
,
where
he
taught
the
Gospel
,
and
Converted
many
.
So
that
growing
famous
,
he
wanted
not
Enemies
:
For
the
Arrians
fearing
he
would
prove
their
Chief
Opposer
,
endeavoured
by
all
possible
means
to
blast
his
Fame
,
and
there
set
one
Ruffinus
to
write
against
him
,
and
to
asperse
the
Truth
with
falshood
,
which
so
grieved
the
Holy
Man
,
that
he
then
resolved
to
be
silent
in
the
matter
no
longer
,
but
sharply
rebuked
the
Heretick
both
by
Words
and
Writing
,
whereupon
they
charged
him
with
many
heinous
Crimes
,
but
he
so
managed
the
matter
that
all
men
plainly
discerned
their
malice
.
Some
there
were
that
took
his
part
and
joyned
with
him
against
the
Hereticks
,
but
he
it
was
that
always
bore
the
brunt
,
being
ever
perplexed
and
molested
;
nay
,
his
Life
put
often
in
danger
by
these
Sects
.
When
after
having
past
over
Thirty
Years
,
as
it
were
in
a
Sea
of
Trouble
,
what
with
Writing
,
sitting
up
late
,
hard
Studying
,
and
long
Journies
,
he
was
so
spent
,
that
Nature
was
no
longer
able
to
subsist
.
Insomuch
that
we
may
well
say
,
he
Sacrificed
himself
for
the
benefit
of
the
Church
,
Dying
Anno
Christi
422.
and
of
his
Age
91.
He
wrote
many
large
volumns
,
being
a
man
of
singular
Chastity
,
of
great
Wit
,
slow
to
Anger
,
and
in
Learning
exceeding
most
of
his
Time
.
The
Life
of
St.
CHRYSOSTOM
.
ST.
Chrysostom
was
Born
at
Antioch
,
his
Fathers
Name
was
Secundus
,
and
his
Mother
's
Authusa
,
being
both
descended
of
Noble
extraction
.
When
he
came
to
Years
of
discretion
he
was
put
under
the
Tutorage
of
Libanus
the
Philosopher
,
where
he
applyed
himself
to
all
the
Studies
of
humane
Learning
,
and
greatly
reprehended
such
as
lived
loose
and
ungoverned
lives
,
perswading
them
to
embrace
the
Doctrine
of
Christianity
,
when
after
a
while
he
perswaded
several
of
his
Companions
to
cast
of
the
cares
of
the
World
,
and
apply
their
minds
wholly
to
the
attaining
Divine
Sapience
.
He
also
associated
himself
with
St.
Basil
,
by
whose
grave
Instructions
he
greatly
profited
.
A
while
after
his
fame
of
Learning
encreasing
,
he
by
the
Bishop
of
Hierusalem
was
made
Reader
of
the
Church
of
Antioch
.
In
which
station
he
so
discreetly
behaved
himself
,
that
still
he
increased
in
the
good
opinions
of
the
People
;
when
a
while
after
the
Bishop
of
Constantinople
Dying
,
he
was
by
the
unanimous
consent
of
the
Clergy
chose
Bishop
in
his
stead
,
the
Emperour
highly
approving
of
the
choice
.
When
he
was
setled
in
that
See
,
he
made
it
his
whole
Study
to
Reform
the
Errors
that
were
crept
into
the
Church
,
as
also
the
Lives
of
the
Clergy
,
whom
he
freely
reproved
for
their
faults
.
When
at
that
time
finding
a
great
Schisme
,
between
the
Western
and
Eastern
Churches
;
he
laboured
diligently
to
unite
their
Opinions
,
nor
were
his
endeavours
altogether
frustrated
.
He
Converted
many
Pagans
and
Atheists
,
to
the
belief
and
veneration
of
the
true
God
.
Insomuch
that
he
grew
famous
throughout
all
the
East
,
so
that
the
conflux
of
People
that
resorted
to
his
Sermons
were
exceeding
great
,
and
when
he
heard
that
the
Bishops
of
the
Churches
of
Asia
,
by
reason
of
their
wicked
Lives
were
altogether
unworthy
to
Govern
the
Churches
,
He
deposed
Thirteen
of
them
,
placing
Pious
and
Learned
men
in
their
rooms
,
which
aftewards
created
him
no
small
trouble
:
For
those
that
were
thus
outed
gathering
their
Friends
together
,
opposed
him
in
many
things
,
raising
scandals
,
and
lay
greivous
Crimes
to
his
Charge
,
and
amongst
the
rest
they
stirred
up
Eutropius
,
one
of
the
Emperours
Eunuches
,
who
was
the
Emperours
especial
Favorite
.
This
man
procured
of
the
Emperour
that
a
Law
should
be
made
,
that
if
any
Malefactor
took
Sanctuary
,
he
might
be
drag'd
out
of
the
Church
to
Execution
,
but
to
see
the
just
judgment
of
God
,
not
long
after
this
Eunuch
being
Accused
for
abusing
the
Empress
,
he
fled
to
the
Church
,
and
there
lay
under
the
Communion
Table
,
when
as
the
Sunday
following
St.
Chrysostom
Preaching
,
took
occasion
to
discourse
about
the
unstability
of
Greatness
,
and
how
wicked
men
though
never
so
highly
exalted
stood
in
slippery
Places
,
when
at
that
time
the
People
carryed
the
Eunuch
out
of
the
Church
,
and
according
to
the
Law
that
himself
had
procured
to
be
Enacted
,
delivered
him
up
to
the
Emperours
Officers
,
who
at
the
Emperours
Command
beheaded
him
.
About
this
time
the
Arrians
began
to
trouble
the
Church
,
by
withdrawing
many
from
the
Truth
to
embrace
their
Erroneous
Opinions
,
as
likewise
a
great
difference
arose
in
Egypt
,
some
affirming
that
God
the
Father
had
a
Body
in
humane
shape
,
which
others
as
strongly
opposed
,
but
Theophilus
the
Bishop
of
Alexandria
,
holding
with
the
formers
Opinion
many
of
the
latter
were
obliged
for
their
better
safety
to
fly
to
Constantinople
,
there
to
make
their
complaints
to
the
Emperour
,
as
likewise
to
St.
Chrysostom
the
Bishop
who
received
them
into
the
Church
,
which
so
greived
Epiphanius
,
Bishop
of
Salamine
in
Cyprus
,
and
Theophilus
Bishop
of
Alexandria
,
that
they
used
their
utmost
endeavours
to
stir
up
the
Clergy
against
him
.
Whereupon
they
called
a
Counsel
of
their
party
and
condemned
the
Books
of
Origen
,
then
Epiphanius
,
coming
to
Constantinople
,
made
many
complaints
against
Chrysostom
,
and
endeavoured
to
stir
up
the
People
against
him
,
but
finding
his
hopes
frustrated
,
he
returned
greatly
displeased
,
and
died
in
his
way
home
.
A
while
after
Theophilus
came
to
Constantinople
and
there
calling
a
Counsel
by
the
Command
of
the
Emperour
,
he
so
far
wrought
that
they
deposed
Chrysostom
,
and
he
was
thereupon
sent
into
Exile
,
though
much
against
the
minds
of
the
People
who
Guarded
his
House
three
days
to
prevent
his
being
carried
thence
.
But
he
had
not
been
long
absent
,
before
the
Emperour
revoked
his
Edict
of
Banishment
,
and
he
was
again
restored
.
But
a
while
after
the
Empress
causing
her
Picture
of
Silver
to
be
set
up
upon
a
Pillar
near
the
Church
,
he
sharply
inveighed
against
it
as
a
means
to
introduce
Images
into
the
Christian
Churches
,
which
so
offended
the
Empress
,
that
she
caused
another
Council
to
be
summoned
;
who
again
deposed
him
,
which
was
no
sooner
done
but
Cyrinus
Bishop
of
Calcedon
,
who
had
most
exclaimed
against
him
,
had
such
greivous
Sores
fell
in
his
Legs
,
that
they
were
forced
to
be
cut
off
,
and
the
same
evening
such
mighty
Hall-stones
fell
,
that
the
like
was
never
known
in
that
Country
,
and
within
four
days
after
the
Empress
dyed
:
Yet
he
was
carryed
to
Cucusus
in
Armenia
,
where
he
was
followed
by
such
a
number
of
People
,
who
came
to
hear
him
Preach
,
that
his
Enemies
envying
his
Fame
procured
a
second
Edict
,
to
remove
him
thence
far
remote
;
but
upon
the
way
by
reason
of
the
extream
heat
he
fainted
away
,
and
finished
his
course
,
receiving
the
glorious
reward
of
his
Labours
,
the
year
of
his
death
I
find
no
where
set
down
,
but
that
he
flourished
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Constantinople
,
Anno
Christi
400
is
most
certain
.
The
Life
of
AUGUSTIN
.
AVgustin
was
born
at
Thagasta
in
Africk
,
of
Christian
Parents
,
his
Fathers
name
being
Batrius
,
and
his
Mothers
Monica
,
who
brought
him
up
to
Learning
;
and
the
rather
by
reason
the
found
him
of
such
a
prompt
and
ready
Wit
,
spending
the
greatest
part
of
their
Estate
to
furnish
him
with
such
Literature
as
was
conducing
to
Saving
Knowledge
.
Yet
in
his
Youth
,
by
keeping
Leud
Company
,
his
Manners
were
somewhat
Corrupted
,
and
something
he
savoured
of
the
Opinion
of
Manichee
the
Arian
.
When
he
came
to
Maturity
,
he
kept
a
School
in
the
City
where
he
was
born
,
and
a
while
after
departing
thence
he
went
to
Rome
;
having
also
taught
Rhetorick
in
Carthage
.
When
he
had
stayed
at
Rome
some
time
,
Hearing
and
Disputing
with
the
Doctors
of
the
Church
,
he
went
thence
to
Millain
,
where
he
grew
so
famous
that
he
was
chosen
Tutor
to
Valentinian
the
fifth
Emperour
where
he
also
had
frequent
Converse
with
Ambrose
,
Bishop
of
that
See
,
who
within
a
while
perswaded
him
from
him
Errors
,
and
caused
him
to
be
baptized
.
After
which
he
began
to
be
more
studious
about
Divine
things
,
and
to
detest
against
the
Doctrine
of
the
Arians
which
greatly
rejoyced
his
Mother
,
his
Father
being
then
dead
.
When
he
had
continued
at
Millain
some
time
,
he
returned
into
Africk
;
where
upon
Knowledge
of
his
thorough
Conversion
,
and
the
strictness
of
his
Godly
Life
,
he
was
Chosen
Minister
of
Hippo
;
in
which
Station
he
had
not
long
continued
,
e're
by
his
preaching
and
learned
Disputes
he
grew
so
famous
that
people
came
from
all
parts
to
hear
him
,
when
as
Valerius
the
Bishop
of
that
place
hearing
they
would
elect
him
Bishop
of
some
place
and
so
he
should
loose
his
Company
,
he
caused
him
to
retire
for
a
while
.
Nor
was
his
suspicions
vain
,
for
he
was
soon
after
Elected
,
and
diligently
sought
for
,
which
when
the
old
man
understood
,
he
made
it
his
request
of
the
Assembly
of
the
Clergy
,
that
were
come
thither
with
the
Primate
of
Carthage
,
that
seeing
he
was
grown
old
,
Augustin
might
be
his
Coadjutor
in
the
Bishoprick
,
which
was
freely
consented
to
,
to
the
great
rejoycing
of
the
Citizens
.
Though
Augustin
declined
it
alledging
,
it
was
contrary
to
the
Rules
of
their
Church
to
meddle
in
the
Bishops
affaires
during
his
Life
.
But
at
last
,
by
many
convincing
Arguments
they
prevailed
with
him
to
take
it
upon
him
.
After
which
he
so
faithfully
performed
his
Charge
,
that
many
admired
his
Wisdom
and
deep
searching
Policy
,
by
which
he
confounded
the
Devices
of
his
Adversaries
,
the
Arians
and
Hereticks
,
who
now
began
to
envy
his
Virtues
.
A
while
after
he
was
requested
to
dispute
against
the
Donatists
,
who
after
much
intreaty
prevailed
with
one
Fortunatus
to
be
their
Champion
.
The
Dispute
held
two
days
in
publick
,
all
which
the
Notaries
writ
down
,
but
in
the
end
Fortunatus
was
Non-plus'd
,
that
he
could
no
longer
dispute
against
the
Catholick
Faith
,
nor
find
Arguments
to
defend
his
own
Errors
;
insomuch
that
in
great
shame
and
confusion
,
he
left
the
City
.
St.
Augustin
likewise
disputed
of
Faith
before
all
the
African
Bishops
in
the
Convocation
Assembly
;
and
so
learnedly
handled
the
matter
,
that
he
gained
great
applause
;
and
after
that
many
of
the
Donatists
forsaking
their
Erroneous
Opinions
came
over
to
the
Church
of
Christ
.
But
whilst
this
good
man
was
diligently
Labouring
in
God's
Vineyard
,
and
to
establish
Peace
,
the
Devil
was
counterplotting
him
,
by
stirring
up
several
wicked
Persons
to
raise
Tumults
,
by
beating
and
murthering
such
as
would
not
adhere
to
their
Faction
;
Robbing
the
Ministers
,
and
spoiling
the
Churches
worse
than
in
the
Heathen
Persecutions
:
Yet
it
so
pleased
God
,
that
by
Augustins
powerful
perswasions
,
both
in
his
Sermons
and
Writings
,
the
Churches
in
a
short
time
over-came
their
Enemies
,
and
regained
their
primitive
Lustre
especially
those
in
and
near
to
Hippo.
After
a
while
he
caused
some
of
his
Books
to
be
translated
into
Greek
,
and
sent
them
to
the
Eastern
Churches
,
who
embraced
them
as
a
Blessing
,
but
by
that
means
his
Enemies
grew
more
enraged
;
insomuch
that
one
time
as
he
went
to
visit
his
Churches
,
they
lay
in
Ambush
to
have
murthered
him
,
but
Providence
so
ordered
it
,
that
he
mistaking
the
Road
went
a
by
way
to
the
place
intended
,
and
so
escaped
their
hands
.
But
such
good
hap
had
not
one
of
his
Companions
,
who
was
Bishop
of
Calamen
for
he
falling
into
their
hands
as
he
was
riding
in
his
Visitation
of
the
Churches
they
took
away
his
Horses
,
beat
and
wounded
both
him
and
his
Servants
;
for
which
the
Proconsul
fined
Crispin
their
Bishop
in
two
pounds
of
Gold
;
but
he
pleaded
he
was
no
Heretick
,
but
in
his
Disputation
it
was
plainly
proved
against
Him
;
yet
Augustin
so
far
prevailed
with
the
Proconsul
,
that
the
fine
was
remitted
.
A
while
after
Honorius
the
Emperour
caused
a
Council
of
Bishops
to
Assemble
at
Carthage
,
where
he
sent
a
Tribune
to
represent
his
Person
,
when
in
this
Council
at
a
general
Disputation
held
,
the
Factious
were
worsted
;
and
after
that
an
other
Council
being
called
at
Caesarea
,
where
Augustin
Chalenged
Emeritas
,
chief
Bishop
of
the
Donatists
,
to
a
Disputation
in
Publick
;
but
neither
Augustin
,
nor
his
Friends
and
chief
Privadoes
could
perswade
him
to
undertake
it
.
Notwithstanding
others
of
the
Sect
disputed
with
him
afterwards
,
and
were
overcome
,
though
they
falsly
boasted
that
they
had
overcome
him
;
which
caused
him
to
write
all
the
Arguments
over
and
publish
them
,
to
the
shame
and
confusion
of
his
Adversaries
.
He
lived
in
the
time
when
the
Barbarous
Goths
and
Vandals
broke
in
upon
the
Roman
Empire
,
and
tore
it
to
peices
,
destroying
all
before
them
,
like
an
overflowing
deluge
,
then
the
Churches
were
Fired
,
Robbed
and
Beaten
down
;
the
Bishops
Murthered
,
or
put
to
extream
torment
,
the
Ministers
racked
to
death
,
and
all
sorts
of
People
slain
on
heaps
,
Virgins
deflowered
,
Women
Ravished
,
Children
pushed
against
the
Pavements
,
and
all
manner
of
Barbarity
Exercised
;
then
it
was
that
the
red
horse
was
sent
out
to
take
peace
from
the
Earth
.
After
they
had
ravaged
Italy
,
they
broke
into
Africk
,
destroying
all
before
them
,
which
made
many
of
the
Bishops
fly
from
their
Charge
;
but
Augustine
continued
exhorting
and
perswading
the
People
to
continue
firm
in
their
Faith
,
resolving
rather
to
suffer
the
cruellest
death
,
than
leave
his
fold
to
the
Mercy
of
the
Wolves
,
all
the
Cities
that
held
out
against
the
Infidels
were
but
Carthage
,
Circe
and
Hippo
;
the
last
enduring
fourteen
Months
siege
,
being
manfully
defended
by
Earl
Boniface
.
During
which
time
Augustin
put
up
Prayers
daily
to
Heaven
for
the
Church
,
and
for
their
Deliverance
;
when
according
to
his
own
desire
,
God
delivered
him
from
the
Misery
that
after
happened
to
others
by
taking
him
out
of
the
World
,
to
a
better
Life
,
at
the
end
of
three
Months
Seige
;
he
dying
Anno
Christi
430
,
of
his
Age
76
,
and
of
his
Ministry
40.
He
was
a
man
of
a
charitable
Disposition
very
sparing
in
Diet
and
a
hearty
Lover
of
all
good
Men
,
a
great
Defender
of
the
Church
,
and
Opposer
of
Hereticks
.
The
LIFE
of
Venerable
BEDE
.
BEde
was
born
Anno
Christi
671
,
at
Wyrimunda
,
by
Birth
an
English
Saxon
,
being
left
to
shift
for
himself
very
young
,
by
reason
of
the
Death
of
his
Parents
;
he
was
by
some
of
his
Friends
put
into
the
Monastery
of
St.
Peter's
and
St.
Paul's
,
under
the
Tutorage
of
the
Abbot
of
the
said
Monastery
,
where
he
Profited
greatly
in
Learning
in
Philosophy
,
Astronomy
,
Musick
and
Poetry
,
as
also
well
seen
in
Greek
,
Arithmetick
,
Rhetorick
and
History
,
but
above
all
in
Divinity
;
applying
the
greatest
part
of
his
Study
to
Expound
and
rightly
understand
the
Scriptures
.
At
Nineteen
years
old
he
was
made
a
Deacon
,
and
at
thirty
a
Presbyter
;
when
he
so
ordered
his
Affairs
that
he
soon
grew
famous
,
insomuch
that
he
was
by
the
English
Clergy
sent
to
Rome
to
be
assisting
to
Pope
Sergius
in
setling
the
Affaires
of
the
Church
,
where
by
his
Prudence
,
Modesty
and
Mild
Behaviour
he
got
himself
great
Applause
.
When
the
Business
for
which
he
went
was
over
,
he
returned
to
his
Charge
,
and
exhorted
men
every
where
to
repent
,
least
God's
Judgments
should
overtake
them
;
and
so
far
wrought
upon
many
of
the
Heathen
Saxons
,
that
he
Converted
them
to
the
Faith
;
and
upon
many
occasions
was
wont
to
say
that
there
was
so
much
work
to
do
in
so
little
a
time
,
that
he
would
not
loose
any
of
it
;
and
that
as
for
Pleasures
,
we
must
only
touch
them
with
the
Tops
of
our
Fingers
as
we
do
Honey
,
for
fear
of
surfeting
on
them
.
He
wrote
of
all
the
Liberal
Arts
in
several
excellent
Treatises
he
was
a
comely
Person
,
Tall
and
of
a
grave
Pace
;
clear
Voice
,
and
Eloquent
Tongue
;
a
grave
Countenance
,
a
Courteous
and
Affable
Behaviour
;
insomuch
that
many
of
the
Nobility
sent
their
Sons
to
be
instructed
by
him
.
He
wrote
several
Volumes
,
as
his
Ecclesiastical
History
,
the
History
of
his
Monastery
,
and
the
History
of
the
Kingdom
;
wherein
he
gives
an
ample
Account
of
the
grievous
Calamity
that
befell
this
Nation
,
during
its
being
divided
amongst
the
Saxon
Kings
.
In
his
sickness
he
was
wont
to
encourage
himself
with
the
words
of
the
Apostle
,
Heb.
12.6
.
Whom
the
Lord
loveth
he
chasteneth
,
and
scourgeth
every
son
whom
he
receiveth
;
and
when
he
beheld
some
of
his
Scholars
weeping
over
him
,
he
comforted
them
with
these
words
;
The
time
is
come
if
my
Creator
pleaseth
,
that
being
freed
from
the
Flesh
,
I
shall
go
to
him
,
who
made
me
when
I
was
not
,
out
of
nothing
:
I
have
lived
long
,
and
the
time
of
my
dissolution
is
approaching
:
and
my
Soul
desireth
to
see
my
Saviour
Christ
in
his
Glory
.
And
so
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
Anno
Christi
735
,
and
of
his
Age
64.
When
one
of
his
Scholars
,
desirous
to
furnish
him
with
an
Epitaph
,
wrote
after
this
manner
,
Hac
sunt
in
fossa
Bedae
sancti
,
Ossa
;
when
the
next
Morning
was
found
in
his
Tomb
as
followeth
,
Hac
sunt
in
fossa
Bedae
venerabilis
ossa
;
from
which
,
as
some
think
,
he
had
his
name
of
Venerable
,
though
others
affirm
that
whilst
he
once
was
Preaching
to
the
Congregation
,
a
loud
Voice
was
heard
(
but
from
whence
it
came
none
could
tell
)
saying
,
well
done
venerable
Bede
.
But
so
much
for
my
Countryman
.
The
Life
of
John
Damascene
.
HE
was
born
at
Damascus
,
taking
as
some
think
his
Name
from
the
place
of
his
Birth
,
though
with
some
alteration
.
His
Parents
were
Christians
,
and
carefully
brought
him
up
in
the
worship
of
God
;
and
gave
him
such
Learning
as
was
sitting
to
compleat
him
for
the
Studying
of
Divinity
,
so
that
when
he
came
to
Maturity
of
years
,
he
went
to
Jerusalem
,
where
he
continued
for
some
time
and
profited
greatly
in
Learning
;
Insomuch
that
he
grew
famous
,
and
had
his
Name
spread
into
most
of
the
Eastern
Countries
.
Being
made
a
Presbyter
at
Jerusalem
,
he
preached
the
Gospel
plainly
and
powerfully
Converting
many
Pagans
to
the
Christian
Faith
;
and
by
his
Writings
greatly
profited
the
Church
,
and
opposed
the
Arians
and
Hereticks
to
the
utmost
of
his
power
;
by
his
great
Learning
Convincing
many
of
their
Errors
,
and
Confounding
the
obstinate
in
their
own
Arguments
:
But
at
last
having
finished
his
Course
,
he
yielded
to
death
in
certain
hope
of
a
glorious
Crown
of
Life
and
Immortality
;
Dying
about
the
year
750.
He
wrote
many
Books
,
but
especially
his
3
Books
of
Parallels
of
the
Holy
Scriptures
,
and
his
4
Books
of
the
Orthodox
Faith
.
The
Life
of
Theophylact.
THeophylact
being
born
in
Constantinople
,
of
Christian
Parents
,
greatly
profited
in
Learning
by
reason
of
his
prompt
Wit
and
ready
Apprehension
,
so
that
applying
himself
to
the
Study
of
the
Sacred
Scriptures
,
he
soon
became
a
famous
Disputant
against
the
Enemies
of
the
Church
.
Insomuch
that
after
the
Death
of
the
Bishop
of
Constantinople
,
he
was
by
the
free
consent
of
the
people
with
the
Approbation
of
the
Clergy
,
made
Bishop
of
that
great
City
;
where
he
continued
to
discharge
his
Duty
,
to
the
great
content
of
all
good
Christians
;
yet
not
so
well
,
but
that
the
Hereticks
sought
to
disturb
him
,
but
were
always
worsted
.
His
Chief
work
was
to
reform
the
Churches
,
into
which
many
Errors
had
crept
especially
those
in
Bulgaria
;
so
that
continuing
a
faithful
Pastor
for
about
three
years
,
he
then
yielded
up
the
Ghost
and
exchanged
for
a
better
Life
.
He
was
a
man
of
great
Patience
;
Mild
and
Meek
in
all
his
Actions
;
exceeding
most
of
his
time
in
Learning
.
The
Life
of
PROSPER
.
PRosper
had
his
Birth
at
Aquitain
in
Normandy
,
and
by
his
Parents
being
put
to
School
,
he
so
well
profited
in
Learning
,
that
all
who
knew
him
admired
his
acute
Wit
and
ready
Understanding
;
and
after
he
was
qualified
in
inferiour
Schools
he
became
a
Scholar
under
St.
Augustin
,
who
instructed
him
in
the
ways
of
Saving
Knowledge
as
well
as
Moral
Virtue
;
and
so
laboured
with
him
,
that
in
a
short
time
he
became
famous
for
Piety
and
Learning
,
Insomuch
that
he
was
made
Bishop
of
Rhegium
,
in
which
Station
he
continued
many
years
disputing
with
and
confounding
the
Pelagian
Hereticks
,
who
then
spread
their
Pestilential
Doctrine
throughout
all
Christendom
.
He
likewise
made
Annotations
upon
the
four
Evangelists
and
was
much
taken
with
reading
the
Scriptures
that
he
was
scarce
ever
seen
without
a
new
Testament
in
his
hand
.
Charitable
he
was
beyond
all
expression
,
most
liberally
distributing
his
Goods
to
the
Poor
.
He
loved
to
be
called
the
Peace-Maker
,
as
using
his
utmost
diligence
to
reconcile
differences
;
and
much
addicted
himself
to
Watching
,
Fasting
and
Prayer
,
and
all
things
else
that
became
a
Godly
and
Christian
Bishop
;
and
having
(
under
Martian
)
continued
20
years
in
that
Episcopal
See
,
he
fell
sick
,
when
as
many
of
his
friends
coming
to
visit
him
,
and
he
perceiving
them
to
weep
bitterly
,
comforted
them
with
these
words
,
the
Life
which
I
have
enjoyed
(
said
he
)
was
but
given
me
upon
condition
to
render
it
up
again
,
not
grutchingly
,
but
joyfully
;
for
me
to
have
stayed
longer
here
might
seem
better
for
you
,
but
for
me
it
is
better
to
be
dissolved
.
And
so
falling
into
fervent
Prayer
,
he
with
great
Alacrity
resigned
up
his
Spirit
into
the
hands
of
his
Creator
:
Dying
Anno
Christi
,
466.
He
wrote
many
famous
Books
that
are
now
Extant
,
and
his
usual
saying
was
,
that
it
was
his
utmost
endeavor
to
keep
a
Conscience
void
of
offence
both
towards
God
and
man
.
The
Life
of
Fulgentius
.
FVlgentius
,
Son
to
Claudius
and
Mariana
,
was
Born
in
Carthage
;
at
what
time
Hunerick
the
Barbarous
King
of
the
Vandals
,
Tyrannized
in
Africk
,
his
Father
being
Imprisoned
,
and
for
some
time
having
all
his
Inheritance
taken
from
him
by
the
Device
of
the
Arian
Hereticks
,
to
whose
opinions
the
aforesaid
King
began
to
hearken
;
yet
by
the
Intercession
of
his
Friends
,
he
obtained
part
of
his
Patrimony
,
and
then
departed
to
Lepte
,
where
he
had
not
stayed
long
before
he
fell
sick
,
and
after
having
setled
his
Affaires
,
leaving
young
Fulgentius
to
the
care
of
his
Mother
he
gave
up
the
Ghost
.
And
now
this
Godly
Youth
began
more
and
more
to
apply
himself
to
the
Study
of
Sacred
things
:
Yet
at
last
was
prevailed
with
to
take
upon
him
a
publick
Employment
,
which
was
to
gather
the
Kings
Taxes
;
in
which
he
used
such
Mildness
and
Moderation
,
that
he
Generally
obtained
the
love
of
the
People
.
But
such
business
ill
agreeing
with
his
Temper
,
he
grew
impatient
of
such
publick
affairs
,
and
resolved
to
betake
himself
to
a
more
retired
Course
of
Life
,
having
long
considered
by
what
means
he
might
best
acquire
it
,
he
at
last
concluded
to
retire
himself
into
a
Monastery
,
(
which
in
those
days
were
Places
where
Sincerity
and
true
Religion
flourished
though
since
they
have
degenerated
into
all
manner
of
Superstition
and
Prophaneness
)
and
thereupon
one
day
going
to
veiw
the
place
he
intended
to
enter
,
and
perceiving
the
Quietness
,
Love
,
and
friendly
Converse
that
were
amongst
the
Brethren
,
he
broke
forth
into
these
words
.
Why
travel
I
in
the
World
which
can
yeild
me
no
future
nor
durable
Felicity
,
suitable
to
my
Toil
and
Labour
?
Though
it
be
better
to
weep
well
than
joy
ill
,
yet
if
to
Joy
be
our
desire
,
how
much
excelleth
their
Joy
who
have
a
good
Conscience
before
God
,
who
dread
nothing
but
Sin
,
study
to
do
nothing
,
but
to
accomplish
the
Precepts
of
Christ
?
Now
therefore
let
me
change
my
Trade
,
and
as
before
I
endeavoured
against
my
noble
Friends
to
prove
the
more
Noble
,
so
now
let
my
care
and
employment
be
amongst
the
humble
and
poor
Servants
of
God
,
to
become
more
humble
and
poor
than
they
:
and
like
the
good
Evangelist
St.
Matthew
,
of
a
Publican
let
me
become
a
Disciple
.
When
he
had
thus
said
,
he
resolved
to
enter
himself
one
of
the
Society
;
and
thereupon
began
to
accustom
himself
to
Watching
,
Prayer
and
Fasting
.
Insomuch
that
all
who
knew
him
,
greatly
wondered
at
the
suddain
alteration
;
and
many
suspecting
what
he
intended
,
endeavoured
to
perswade
him
to
the
contrary
,
but
in
vain
,
for
this
Arguments
could
not
remove
his
fixed
mind
,
but
one
day
taking
his
opportunity
he
went
to
Faustus
a
godly
Bishop
,
and
Governour
of
the
Monastery
,
being
Banished
from
his
Diocess
by
the
Tyrant
Hunerick
;
and
to
him
he
disclosed
his
Intentions
,
whereat
the
good
Man
greatly
rejoyced
,
yet
withal
that
he
should
not
run
upon
any
thing
rashly
and
,
and
afterwards
repent
.
He
told
him
what
hardship
he
must
undergo
relating
all
the
Severity
of
a
Monastick
Life
;
with
which
Fulgentius
was
very
well
content
,
and
thereupon
was
entered
in
the
house
which
his
mother
had
no
sooner
notice
off
,
but
she
came
and
demanded
him
of
the
Bishop
;
making
many
Exclamations
,
and
charging
him
,
that
he
had
traduced
her
Son
,
to
the
taking
away
of
all
her
Comfort
,
and
utter
decay
of
her
Family
.
But
he
refused
to
return
,
although
she
used
many
perswasive
Arguments
to
induce
him
thereto
.
Yet
did
he
render
her
all
dutiful
respect
,
earnestly
recommending
her
to
the
Protection
of
Heaven
,
and
freely
giving
all
his
Goods
to
her
and
his
younger
Brother
,
resolving
for
the
sake
of
his
great
Master
the
Lord
Jesus
,
not
only
to
leave
the
World
,
but
to
deny
himself
,
and
rather
run
the
hazard
of
displeasing
all
,
than
when
he
had
put
his
hand
to
the
Plough
to
lock
back
,
and
thereupon
betook
him
to
his
Exercise
which
he
observed
so
truly
that
by
rigorous
Fasting
he
much
impaired
his
bodily
health
,
yet
he
delayed
not
his
devout
Studies
,
but
exhorted
his
Elders
to
suffer
all
things
for
the
sake
of
Christ
.
He
had
not
continued
in
this
state
many
years
,
before
his
Fame
was
spread
through
all
the
Churches
,
which
caused
the
Arian
Hereticks
to
envy
him
,
and
therefore
raising
a
persecution
against
such
as
sincerely
served
God
,
he
together
with
the
Bishop
Faustus
and
the
rest
,
were
forced
to
fly
and
procure
such
places
of
residence
as
was
most
for
their
safety
,
when
,
as
Fulgentius
coming
to
a
little
Monastery
(
of
which
a
pious
man
,
named
Felix
,
was
Governour
)
he
no
sooner
disclosed
who
he
was
,
but
Felix
,
having
heard
of
his
Fame
,
offered
to
resign
him
his
place
,
as
counting
him
the
most
worthy
to
undertake
so
divine
a
charge
;
but
he
refused
it
;
yet
at
the
Intreaty
of
the
Society
he
was
content
to
become
his
fellow
helper
,
and
so
continued
to
the
good
liking
of
all
Pious
men
for
a
long
time
;
when
by
reason
of
the
hot
Persecution
that
still
pursued
him
;
he
with
the
rest
departed
into
the
Territories
of
Sicca
,
in
the
Wilds
of
Africk
,
where
he
Preacht
and
Instructed
the
People
,
turning
many
Souls
to
Christ
;
but
even
here
he
was
not
safe
,
for
his
fame
soon
spreading
,
his
Enemies
still
pursued
them
with
their
Malice
,
and
sought
by
all
means
to
destroy
him
;
but
God
,
in
whom
he
trusted
,
still
delivered
him
from
Death
,
although
they
layd
ambushes
both
for
him
and
Felix
,
and
having
taken
them
,
they
were
carryed
before
an
Arian
Bishop
,
who
caused
them
grievously
to
be
beaten
,
which
made
them
rejoyce
that
they
were
counted
worthy
to
suffer
for
the
sake
of
their
Blessed
Master
.
To
avoid
the
Persecution
,
Fulgentius
intended
to
sail
into
Aegypt
,
but
by
contrary
Winds
,
was
driven
into
the
Haven
of
Syracuse
,
the
chief
City
of
Sicily
,
and
there
being
perswaded
by
the
Bishop
to
stay
all
Winter
,
he
the
next
Spring
travelled
to
Rome
;
and
there
beholding
the
glittering
splendour
of
that
great
City
,
he
said
,
How
beautiful
may
the
Coelestial
Jerusalem
be
,
when
Terrestrial
Rome
is
so
gorgeous
.
If
such
honours
be
given
to
lovers
of
vanity
,
what
Glory
shall
be
imparted
to
the
Saints
who
are
lovers
and
followers
of
truth
.
Having
a
while
continued
there
,
he
returned
again
into
Africk
,
to
the
great
joy
of
his
Friends
;
but
his
old
Enemies
seeking
many
ways
to
destroy
him
,
he
secretly
departed
to
a
little
Monastery
,
seated
amongst
the
Rocks
on
the
Sea
shore
,
where
he
applyed
himself
to
his
studies
,
he
wrote
several
Books
;
but
his
Disciples
hearing
where
he
was
,
came
to
him
,
and
requested
him
to
return
,
which
at
the
desire
of
Faustus
he
consenting
to
,
was
made
a
Presbyter
;
the
Arian
King
having
commanded
that
no
more
Bishops
should
be
made
,
and
now
every
City
strove
who
should
have
him
for
their
Pastor
;
But
above
all
,
the
City
of
Ruspa
so
earnestly
solicited
him
,
that
partly
with
,
and
partly
against
his
will
,
he
was
made
Bishop
;
which
so
incensed
the
King
,
that
he
not
only
banished
him
,
but
60
others
,
most
of
them
being
Bishops
;
yet
within
a
while
after
he
sent
for
Fulgentius
,
to
reason
with
him
about
divers
matters
,
thereby
to
Intrap
him
,
but
he
argued
so
warily
,
and
returned
such
answers
,
that
he
confirmed
a
great
many
of
his
Hearers
that
were
before
staggering
into
Error
;
yet
again
was
he
banished
,
but
at
his
departure
he
said
,
He
should
shortly
return
again
,
and
that
the
Church
should
enjoy
much
peace
and
quiet
within
few
years
;
Which
accordingly
came
to
pass
:
For
Tharsamund
dying
,
Hildelick
was
crowned
in
his
stead
,
who
revoked
the
many
severe
Edicts
of
his
Predecessor
,
and
calling
home
the
Bishops
and
Pastors
,
restored
them
to
their
dignities
.
Within
a
while
after
,
Fulgentius
fell
sick
,
during
which
sickness
,
he
behaved
himself
with
wonderful
patience
and
Humility
;
and
when
his
Physitians
told
him
a
Bath
would
do
well
for
the
recovery
of
his
Health
,
he
answered
,
What
tell
you
me
of
a
bath
,
can
any
bath
preserve
the
life
of
him
who
has
run
his
natural
course
,
that
he
shall
not
dye
,
and
why
perswade
you
me
,
now
I
am
at
the
point
of
death
to
abate
of
that
rigor
which
I
all
my
life
have
used
.
When
having
taken
leave
of
those
that
came
to
visit
,
and
distributed
what
money
he
had
to
pious
uses
,
he
yielded
up
the
Ghost
,
dying
Anno
Christi
529
,
and
of
his
Age
65
,
having
sat
Bishop
25
years
,
his
death
was
greatly
lamented
of
all
the
Pastors
of
the
Church
,
and
indeed
of
all
good
Christians
.
The
Life
of
BERNARD
.
BErnard
was
by
Birth
a
Burgundian
,
born
in
a
Town
called
Fontane
,
his
Father
Tecelinus
having
for
some
years
before
been
a
Commander
in
the
Wars
,
yet
was
he
Educated
in
Learning
to
the
highest
degree
,
by
the
care
of
his
Mother
who
was
a
pious
and
discreet
Woman
,
having
besides
him
five
Sons
and
one
Daughter
,
to
which
she
gave
likewise
good
Education
;
but
our
Bernard
profited
above
the
rest
,
and
in
a
short
time
was
sent
to
the
University
,
where
he
imployed
his
Study
in
Divinity
,
and
so
well
he
profited
therein
,
that
he
was
admired
of
all
his
fellows
,
affecting
much
a
retired
Life
,
shunning
as
much
as
in
him
lay
the
Society
of
wild
youths
,
who
often
importuned
him
to
partake
in
their
inordinate
pleasures
,
being
modest
by
Nature
,
and
of
a
kind
temper
.
One
time
being
troubled
with
an
extream
Head-Ach
,
a
Woman
came
to
him
,
and
proffered
to
cure
him
by
Inchantment
,
but
he
would
not
suffer
her
to
stay
in
his
sight
,
saying
,
He
had
rather
indure
the
hand
of
God
,
than
be
cured
by
the
power
of
the
Devil
,
nor
was
his
wish
in
vain
,
for
he
soon
after
was
eased
of
his
pain
,
and
thus
he
growing
famous
for
Virtue
and
Learning
,
the
Devil
strove
by
many
temptations
to
damp
his
Zeal
for
the
Gospel
,
and
especially
by
laying
baits
for
his
Eyes
,
to
raise
up
in
him
lustful
and
inordinate
desires
,
which
temptation
he
strove
with
all
his
power
to
resist
,
as
finding
himself
weak
on
that
side
,
and
when
his
youthful
blood
began
to
incite
him
to
enterprize
any
such
wickedness
,
he
would
leap
into
cold
water
,
and
there
continue
till
his
Lustful
desires
were
abated
,
and
at
last
considering
with
himself
,
that
by
the
multiplicity
of
converse
he
might
be
drawn
away
,
he
absolutely
determined
to
enter
into
the
Monastery
of
the
Cistercians
,
the
strictest
of
all
Orders
,
which
he
did
,
notwithstanding
all
the
Intreaties
of
his
Brethren
and
Friends
;
nay
,
so
earnest
was
he
with
his
Brethren
,
that
he
obtained
the
good
will
of
four
of
them
to
accompany
him
,
and
to
enter
into
the
same
Order
with
him
:
When
taking
leave
of
their
younger
Brother
,
who
was
but
a
Lad
,
One
of
them
said
,
Farewel
Brother
,
we
leave
to
you
all
our
worldly
possessions
,
to
which
he
replyed
,
To
leave
me
Earth
,
and
take
Heaven
to
your selves
,
is
no
equal
division
.
These
Brethren
having
thus
entered
themselves
under
the
tuition
of
the
Abbot
,
who
was
a
devout
man
,
Bernard
profited
above
the
rest
,
and
made
Prayer
,
Fasting
and
Study
his
business
,
doing
all
things
that
became
a
good
Christian
;
nor
did
he
refuse
bodily
labour
,
such
as
belonged
to
his
Monastery
,
and
in
this
state
he
continued
a
long
time
,
when
as
his
Abbot
caused
the
Monastery
of
Claraeval
to
be
built
in
the
Territories
of
Lingones
not
far
from
the
River
Abba
,
he
for
the
great
love
he
bore
to
Bernard
,
made
him
Abbot
thereof
,
where
he
continued
till
such
time
as
he
was
made
a
Minister
by
the
Bishop
of
Catalonia
,
and
then
being
desirous
of
nothing
more
than
to
save
souls
,
he
went
about
Preaching
and
Instructing
the
People
in
the
neighbouring
Villages
;
so
that
his
fame
spread
throughout
those
Countreys
,
and
many
came
from
far
to
hear
his
Sermons
,
and
thus
continued
he
with
great
applause
,
till
the
63
year
of
his
Age
,
when
retiring
to
his
Monastery
,
he
fell
sick
,
and
calling
all
his
Disciples
about
him
;
when
he
perceived
them
weep
,
he
comforted
them
,
saying
,
My
fatherly
love
moves
me
to
pity
you
my
Children
,
so
as
to
desire
to
remain
here
,
but
on
the
other
side
my
desire
to
be
with
Christ
,
draws
me
to
long
to
depart
hence
;
therefore
be
of
good
comfort
,
for
I
submit
to
the
will
of
our
heavenly
Father
,
to
whose
protection
I
leave
you
.
And
thereupon
he
resigned
his
Spirit
into
the
hands
of
his
Redeemer
,
Dying
Anno
Christi
1153
,
and
in
the
68
year
of
his
Age.
After
his
death
one
Adam
a
Cann●n
Regular
made
this
Epitaph
on
him
.
Clara
sunt
valles
,
sed
claris
vallibus
Abbas
Clarior
,
his
Clarum
,
nomen
in
orbe
dedit
.
Clari●
avis
,
clarus
meritis
,
&
clarus
honore
,
Claruit
ingenio
,
at
Religione
magis
.
Mars
est
clara
,
ciuis
clarus
,
clarumque
sepulchrum
,
Clarior
exultat
spiritus
ante
Deum
.
The
Life
of
Peter
Lumbard
.
PEter
Lumbard
was
born
in
the
Kingdom
of
Navarr
,
of
Godly
Parents
,
and
brought
up
by
them
in
all
manner
of
Learning
,
and
in
the
end
,
sent
to
the
University
of
Paris
,
where
he
greatly
profited
and
Instructed
such
as
came
unto
him
,
he
gave
himself
much
to
the
study
of
Divine
things
;
and
as
the
chief
of
the
Holy
Scriptures
,
upon
many
places
of
which
he
made
Comments
,
Expounding
what
was
any
ways
difficult
:
He
wrote
a
Book
of
Commentaries
upon
the
Psalms
of
David
;
as
likewise
collected
the
chief
sentences
out
of
the
Works
and
Writings
of
the
Fathers
,
being
a
great
lover
of
pious
and
learned
men
;
and
whilst
he
was
at
Paris
,
he
published
many
of
his
books
.
His
usual
sayings
were
these
,
There
can
no
good
dwell
in
us
that
cannot
will
good
:
nor
can
we
perfect
good
that
cannot
desire
good
:
there
are
in
us
evil
concupiscence
,
and
vain
desires
,
which
are
the
Devils
weapons
bent
against
our
Souls
,
whereby
when
God
forsakes
us
,
he
overthrows
us
with
deadly
wounds
.
God
condemns
none
before
he
sins
,
nor
crowns
any
before
he
overcomes
.
Let
none
glory
in
the
gifts
of
Preachers
.
In
that
they
edifie
more
by
them
:
for
they
are
not
Authors
of
Grace
,
but
Ministers
.
The
Instruction
of
words
is
not
so
powerful
as
the
Exhortation
of
works
;
for
if
they
that
teach
well
,
neglect
to
do
well
,
they
shall
hardly
profit
their
hearers
.
He
dyed
on
the
13th
of
August
,
1164
,
and
lyes
buryed
at
Paris
,
and
has
this
Inscription
upon
his
Tomb.
Here
lyeth
Peter
Lumbard
,
B.
D.
of
Paris
,
who
composed
the
Book
of
Sentences
,
and
the
Glosses
of
the
Psalms
and
Epistles
.
The
Life
of
Bonaventure
.
BOnaventure
was
an
Italian
by
Birth
,
born
in
Etruria
,
of
Noble
Parentage
,
who
had
a
greater
regard
for
his
Soul
,
than
his
Body
;
and
therefore
although
they
had
great
riches
to
leave
him
,
yet
they
brought
him
up
in
Learning
,
and
so
well
he
profited
,
that
when
he
was
16
years
of
Age
,
he
could
speak
the
Greek
as
fluent
as
his
Native
Language
;
all
his
delight
being
in
reading
the
Scriptures
,
and
the
works
of
the
Fathers
;
and
in
his
behaviours
to
all
men
,
was
so
humble
and
courteous
,
that
he
gained
the
love
of
those
who
only
knew
by
the
report
of
fame
,
and
as
a
memento
lest
he
should
be
puffed
up
above
himself
:
He
caused
to
be
engraven
in
his
Study
Window
,
this
sentence
of
our
Lord
and
Saviour
Jesus
Christ
,
Learn
of
me
,
for
I
am
weak
,
&c.
nor
did
he
abstain
from
servile
labours
,
thereby
to
keep
his
mind
in
subjection
.
To
the
poor
he
was
alwaies
charitable
,
nor
would
he
ever
offend
the
rich
.
When
at
any
time
he
heard
of
Persons
that
were
troubled
in
Mind
,
he
would
go
to
them
,
and
give
them
words
of
Consolation
,
laying
before
them
the
Promises
of
our
blessed
Saviour
,
and
the
infinite
desire
he
has
to
save
Sinners
,
Charging
them
not
to
give
way
to
despair
,
but
lay
hold
on
the
Lord
Jesus
as
the
Rock
of
Salvation
,
and
by
such
means
he
drew
many
Souls
out
of
the
Paws
of
the
Devil
,
who
like
a
Lyon
was
ready
to
devour
them
.
He
greatly
gave
himself
to
Meditation
and
Prayer
.
He
likewise
Preach'd
after
the
Example
of
St.
Paul
,
both
in
and
out
of
Season
,
and
was
so
earnest
in
the
delivery
of
his
Sermons
,
that
his
words
seemed
to
have
a
more
than
ordinary
Power
with
them
;
which
so
affected
the
hearers
that
People
came
from
all
parts
to
his
Lectures
.
He
hated
Idleness
,
and
when
he
had
nothing
to
do
in
publick
affaires
,
he
always
kept
to
his
Study
,
reading
and
well
considering
the
works
of
the
Fathers
;
gathering
out
of
them
such
Sentences
as
might
be
most
powerful
to
win
Souls
unto
Christ
,
of
which
he
compiled
his
famous
Pharetra
,
and
the
better
to
keep
himself
employed
he
wrote
the
Bible
over
with
his
own
hand
,
and
so
well
used
it
,
that
he
could
readily
Cite
all
the
material
Texts
by
heart
.
After
he
had
continued
at
the
University
of
Paris
for
the
space
of
three
years
,
he
was
chosen
Divinity
Reader
,
which
he
so
well
discharged
,
that
all
men
admired
his
Eloquence
and
Learning
after
this
he
was
made
Doctor
of
Divinity
,
in
which
Station
he
continued
for
a
considerable
time
doing
all
the
deeds
of
Charity
that
lay
in
his
Power
to
perform
,
as
likewise
perswaded
others
to
do
the
Like
;
so
that
at
last
,
spent
with
tedious
Studies
,
nature
decayed
in
him
,
and
he
falling
sick
,
after
many
pious
Exhortations
to
his
Friends
to
persevere
in
the
way
to
saving
Knowledge
,
he
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
Dying
Anno
Christi
1274
,
and
of
his
Age
53
,
and
was
buried
in
a
Stately
Sepulchre
in
the
Cathedral
;
great
Mourning
being
made
for
him
by
all
Lovers
of
Piety
and
Learning
.
The
Life
of
Aquinas
.
HE
was
by
Birth
an
Italian
Born
in
the
Kingdom
of
Naples
,
Anno
1223
,
and
was
brought
up
in
the
Cassine
Monastery
in
all
manner
of
Learning
,
especially
in
the
Knowledge
of
Divine
things
being
very
Zealous
for
the
promotion
of
the
Faith
of
Christ
,
and
when
he
was
perfected
in
the
Study
of
Divinity
,
he
went
to
Paris
,
where
he
became
very
profitable
to
the
Church
in
Teaching
and
Instructing
Youths
and
Students
in
Divine
Learning
.
He
was
always
Studious
,
and
was
seldom
seen
to
laugh
;
but
when
others
were
at
their
Merriment
he
would
be
Meditating
,
Insomuch
that
once
Supping
with
King
Lewis
of
France
,
he
whilst
the
rest
were
making
merry
,
fell
into
a
deep
Meditation
,
and
forgetting
himself
,
struck
the
Table
,
saying
,
That
now
the
Manichees
were
foiled
.
When
any
one
offered
him
promotion
he
was
wont
to
say
,
I
had
rather
have
Chrysostom's
Commentary
upon
the
Gospel
of
St.
Matthew
.
In
all
his
Sermons
,
he
framed
his
Speech
to
the
Peoples
Capacities
;
and
hated
Vice
in
any
,
though
he
loved
their
Persons
never
so
well
.
He
died
as
he
was
going
to
the
Council
summoned
at
Lyons
,
Anno
Christi
1274.
FINIS
.
portrait of Reformers
The
Reformation
BVLINGER
Dr.
Bradford
Bp.
CRANMER
ZVINGLE
Bp.
LATIMER
BVCER
I.
PRAGVE
PERKINS
P.
MELANCHTON
LVTHER
I
CALVIN
T.
BEZA
BP.
RIDLEY
I.
TINDAL
WHICKLIF
The
candle
is
lighted
Wee
cannot
blow
it
out
The
Second
Part.
AN
EPITOMY
OF
Ecclesiastical
History
.
PART
II.
CONTAINING
The
Exemplary
Lives
,
Memorable
Transactions
,
and
Couragious
Sufferings
of
the
first
Reformers
,
Principal
Martyrs
,
and
great
Doctors
of
the
Church
,
for
300
Years
past
.
THE
Extirpation
of
Popery
in
England
,
its
Restauration
under
Queen
Mary
,
with
a
particular
Account
of
the
Persecution
during
her
Reign
:
The
Lives
and
Reigns
of
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
King
Edward
the
Sixth
,
Queen
Elizabeth
,
King
James
,
King
Charles
the
First
.
AS
ALSO
Of
His
present
Majestie
's
,
to
this
present
Year
,
1682.
With
an
Account
of
the
blessed
State
of
the
Church
under
his
happy
and
prosperous
Reign
.
London
,
Printed
for
William
Thackerey
at
the
Angel
in
Duck-Lane
,
and
Thomas
Passinger
,
at
the
Three
Bibles
on
London-Bridge
,
1683.
TO
The
Christian
READER
.
Christian
Reader
:
THis
Second
Part
of
Ecclesiastical
History
Epitomized
,
contains
the
Lives
of
the
first
Reformers
,
and
Famous
Doctors
of
the
Church
for
three
hundred
Years
,
as
well
of
other
Nations
as
this
our
Native
Country
,
shewing
the
first
beginning
of
Reformation
,
and
the
Restoring
of
Gospel
Purity
,
which
had
for
many
Ages
been
overwhelmed
and
silenced
by
Idolatry
and
Popish
Superstitions
,
so
that
men
wandered
in
Darkness
,
and
as
under
the
Jewish
Law
,
instead
of
Real
Substances
were
forced
to
content
themselves
with
Types
and
Shadows
;
these
were
they
that
would
neither
enter
themselves
,
nor
permit
others
,
but
verified
the
Old
Proverb
used
by
their
School-men
,
when
they
affirm
that
Ignorance
is
the
Mother
of
(
blind
)
Devotion
;
yet
such
was
the
abundant
goodness
of
that
God
,
who
delights
not
in
the
death
of
a
sinner
,
but
rather
that
he
should
be
converted
and
live
,
that
when
it
was
least
suspected
,
he
brought
Light
out
of
Darkness
,
and
raised
up
such
faithful
Servants
,
as
spared
not
to
cry
aloud
,
and
lift
up
their
Voyces
like
a
Trumpet
,
&c.
by
whose
faithful
preaching
and
expounding
the
Everlasting
Gospel
,
and
by
the
operation
of
the
Holy
Spirit
,
mens
eyes
were
opened
,
so
that
they
plainly
perceived
what
Mists
of
Ignorance
they
and
their
Fathers
had
wandered
in
,
and
how
they
were
turned
aside
from
the
Path
that
leads
to
the
Strait
Gate
,
the
Happy
Mansions
of
Eternal
Rest
:
Nor
could
all
the
Malice
of
Hell
and
Rome
hinder
the
Progress
of
the
Blessed
Reformation
,
though
all
Cruelties
that
Humane
Invention
,
or
rather
the
Prince
of
Darkness
could
devise
,
were
inflicted
,
yet
such
was
the
Christian
Bravery
of
these
Soldiers
,
who
in
a
Spiritual
Warfare
fought
under
the
Banner
of
their
great
Master
the
Lord
Jesus
,
that
most
of
them
resisted
unto
blood
,
falling
by
the
merciless
hands
of
cruel
Tyrants
.
But
as
an
Antient
Father
,
rightly
says
,
The
Blood
of
the
Martyrs
is
the
Seed
of
the
Church
:
So
it
has
in
all
Ages
happened
,
for
the
more
they
were
destroyed
the
more
sprung
up
,
for
by
the
constant
sufferings
and
triumphing
of
the
Faithful
,
even
in
the
Flames
,
many
thousands
were
converted
,
as
in
our
late
Marian
Persecution
was
most
evident
;
the
Lives
,
suffering
and
dying
Speeches
of
all
those
Eminent
Martyrs
that
suffered
during
her
Bloody
Reign
,
being
herein
inserted
,
together
with
her
Birth
,
Education
,
coming
to
the
Crown
,
Reign
,
and
Death
;
as
likewise
the
Life
and
Reign
of
her
Father
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
and
Brother
King
Edward
the
Sixth
.
Lastly
,
The
Virtuous
Lives
and
Reigns
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
King
James
,
King
Charles
the
First
,
and
hitherto
of
His
present
Majesty
,
whose
Days
may
they
be
as
the
Days
of
Heaven
,
and
his
Throne
Established
in
Peace
.
For
in
his
Reign
't
is
we
are
happy
all
,
And
those
that
wish
him
hurt
,
let
them
first
fall
,
Which
is
the
hearty
wish
of
,
Christian
Reader
,
your
Friend
,
J.
SHURLEY
.
THE
INTRODUCTION
,
TO
THE
LIVES
OE
THE
DOCTORS
,
And
other
Godly
MEN
,
that
were
CHIEF
.
HAving
briefly
run
over
the
Lives
of
the
Fathers
,
at
least
such
as
were
the
greatest
Promoters
of
the
Gospel
,
and
Christian
Doctrine
,
to
advance
the
true
Church
as
it
was
left
by
Christ
,
and
his
Apostles
;
I
shall
now
proceed
to
the
Modern
Divines
,
and
such
as
God
raised
up
to
oppose
the
Superstitions
and
Idolatries
that
crept
into
it
when
it
became
subject
to
the
Popes
of
Rome
,
after
the
first
600
years
,
for
then
the
Ancient
way
of
Worship
was
laid
aside
,
and
a
Trade
made
of
Religion
,
as
it
is
by
the
Romish
Clergy
at
this
day
;
then
with
the
Gospel
of
our
blessed
Lord
and
Saviour
they
mixed
the
Traditions
of
men
,
the
Popes
frequently
undertaking
to
dispence
with
Scripture
,
to
Institute
Sacraments
of
their
own
Invention
,
set
up
Idols
in
Churches
,
pray
for
the
Dead
,
worship
Saints
,
and
the
like
;
but
as
in
all
Ages
God
had
a
peculiar
Church
to
himself
,
and
our
Saviour
has
promised
,
that
the
Gates
of
Hell
shall
never
prevail
against
it
:
So
I
say
,
when
the
Publick
Church
was
so
much
degenerated
from
its
Primitive
Worship
,
that
it
had
almost
lost
the
name
of
Christianity
for
that
of
Paganisme
,
by
setting
up
their
abominable
Idols
,
though
under
other
Titles
,
God
raised
up
his
faithful
Servants
openly
to
oppose
such
monstrous
wickedness
,
only
to
teach
the
Ignorant
,
who
had
so
long
been
led
astray
in
the
dark
mists
of
Error
,
the
way
to
saving
knowledg
,
and
accordingly
gave
a
blessing
to
their
Preaching
and
Doctrine
,
as
we
shall
see
in
the
Lives
of
the
great
Doctors
of
the
Reformed
Church
:
And
first
I
shall
begin
with
John
Wicklif
,
our
Country
man
,
who
durst
to
the
hazard
of
his
Life
,
oppose
the
avarice
and
cruel
dealing
of
the
Bishop
of
Rome
;
in
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
Third
,
as
hereafter
will
more
plainly
appear
.
THE
LIFE
OF
JOHN
WICKLIF
.
JOhn
Wicklif
was
an
English
man
by
birth
,
being
descended
of
godly
and
virtuous
Parents
,
who
sent
him
to
Morton
Colledge
in
Oxford
,
where
continuing
for
some
time
,
he
greatly
profited
in
Learning
,
insomuch
that
he
became
the
Wonder
of
his
Age
;
so
that
in
a
short
time
he
was
elected
Divinity
Reader
in
the
aforesaid
University
,
which
he
so
well
performed
,
that
he
obtained
a
general
Applause
from
all
his
Auditors
,
he
being
a
man
of
great
Piety
,
oftentimes
bewailing
in
private
the
vicious
Lives
of
the
Clergy
,
and
greatly
inveighing
against
the
Idolatries
and
Superstitions
that
were
crept
into
the
Church
,
insomuch
that
at
last
he
resolved
,
though
at
the
hazard
of
his
life
,
to
endeavour
some
Reformation
,
by
bringing
in
an
Order
of
Worship
,
which
might
come
nearer
to
that
which
was
used
by
the
Primitive
Christians
,
when
Religion
was
in
its
Purity
unmixed
and
undefiled
,
whereupon
by
degrees
he
tryed
the
minds
of
men
to
find
how
they
stood
affected
,
by
putting
many
Logical
and
Metaphysical
Questions
to
them
,
and
then
venturing
a
little
farther
,
he
last
came
to
argue
about
the
Sacrament
,
which
was
then
administred
in
the
Church
far
different
from
the
Institution
of
our
blessed
Saviour
,
and
his
holy
Apostles
,
by
which
he
soon
alarumed
the
Popish
Clergy
,
who
like
Demetrius
,
when
Saint
Paul
preached
down
the
Idols
at
Ephesus
,
knew
that
if
such
matters
came
once
to
the
test
,
they
should
lose
a
great
part
of
their
livelihood
,
as
well
knowing
that
Ignorance
was
the
Mother
of
the
People's
Devotion
.
Upon
his
discovery
of
the
Cheats
of
the
Romish
Clergy
,
the
Monks
and
Fryers
came
swarming
about
him
,
threatning
him
with
grievous
punishments
,
if
he
did
not
publickly
recant
all
he
had
said
;
the
which
he
refusing
to
do
,
the
Archbishop
sent
for
him
,
and
although
he
learnedly
proved
out
of
the
Scriptures
and
the
Fathers
what
he
had
said
,
yet
the
Archbishop
deprived
him
of
his
Priestly
Office
,
and
would
have
proceeded
to
have
condemned
him
for
a
Heretick
,
had
not
God
stirred
up
the
King
to
favour
him
,
as
likewise
,
John
Duke
of
Lancaster
,
the
King's
Son
,
who
did
it
the
rather
to
oppose
him
against
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
in
revenge
of
some
Affronts
he
had
put
upon
him
,
yet
so
far
the
Bishops
prevailed
with
the
King
,
that
they
got
leave
to
convene
Wicklif
before
them
in
Saint
Paul's
Church
,
upon
which
the
Archbishop
Simon
Sudbury
sent
out
his
Citation
for
him
to
appear
at
a
day
prefixed
,
when
with
him
came
the
Duke
,
the
Lord
Percy
,
Marshal
of
England
,
and
others
encouraging
him
not
to
be
afraid
of
his
Adversary
.
When
he
came
before
the
Bishops
,
the
Lord
Percy
commanded
him
to
sit
down
,
which
the
Bishop
of
London
strongly
opposed
,
alledging
it
was
both
against
Law
and
Reason
,
that
one
being
cited
to
answer
to
such
things
as
were
to
be
laid
to
his
Charge
,
should
sit
before
his
Ordinary
;
but
the
Duke
seconding
Percy
,
a
great
contest
arose
,
insomuch
that
the
multitude
without
doors
hearing
of
it
,
threatned
the
Duke
,
and
the
Lord
Percy
;
and
certain
it
is
,
had
they
not
made
their
escapes
they
had
murthered
them
;
so
that
the
Convocation
was
forced
to
dissolve
.
For
some
time
after
Wicklif
liv'd
quietly
,
and
by
preaching
his
sound
Doctrine
,
opened
the
eyes
of
many
,
insomuch
that
he
gained
a
number
of
Proselytes
;
but
after
King
Edward
dyed
,
and
Richard
Son
to
the
Black
Prince
was
Crowned
King
,
the
Bishop
began
to
vex
him
afresh
,
having
drawn
up
these
following
Articles
against
him
out
of
his
Writings
and
Sermons
.
The
Articles
against
John
Wicklif
.
-
1.
That
he
did
affirm
the
Holy
Eucharist
after
Consecration
,
is
not
the
real
Body
and
Blood
of
Jesus
Christ
,
but
Figuratively
.
-
2.
That
the
Church
of
Rome
is
not
the
Head
of
all
other
Churches
in
the
World
,
nor
that
Peter
had
any
more
Power
given
him
by
Christ
,
than
any
of
the
other
Apostles
.
-
3.
That
the
Pope
of
Rome
has
no
more
Power
of
the
Keys
than
any
other
Presbyter
.
-
4.
That
the
Lords
Temporal
may
lawfully
take
away
the
Temporalities
of
the
Churchmen
offending
habitualiter
.
-
5.
That
the
Gospel
is
of
it self
a
sufficient
Rule
both
of
Faith
and
Manners
,
without
any
other
Rule
.
-
6.
That
neither
the
Pope
,
nor
any
other
Prelate
ought
to
have
Prisons
of
their
own
,
wherein
to
punish
Offendors
.
These
with
some
others
they
sent
to
Pope
Gregory
,
who
not
only
condemned
them
as
Heretical
,
but
sent
over
his
Bull
,
which
was
carried
by
his
Proctor
to
the
University
of
Oxford
,
forbidding
all
upon
pain
of
damnation
to
hold
any
Converse
with
Wicklif
or
his
Followers
;
as
likewise
he
sent
his
Letters
to
the
Bishops
to
apprehend
and
imprison
Wicklif
,
commanding
the
King
and
Nobility
not
to
give
any
Countenance
to
his
Doctrine
.
Encouraged
by
these
Letters
,
the
Bishops
were
resolved
to
proceed
against
him
,
come
what
would
come
;
in
order
to
which
he
was
brought
before
them
Assembled
in
the
Provincial
Councel
;
but
in
midst
of
their
Expectation
of
Revenge
,
all
their
Sport
was
spoyl'd
by
the
coming
of
one
Lewis
Clifford
,
who
charged
them
in
the
King's
Name
not
to
proceed
to
any
Definitive
Sentence
;
whereupon
when
they
had
charged
him
to
preach
no
more
to
the
People
,
they
dismissed
him
,
when
not
long
after
the
Archbishop
,
Wicklif's
Capital
Enemy
was
beheaded
by
the
Multitude
,
Anno
1382.
Courtney
being
made
Bishop
in
his
room
he
called
a
Convocation
in
Grey
Fryers
,
whither
Wicklif
was
summoned
,
but
in
the
midst
of
the
Business
there
happened
such
a
terrible
Earthquake
,
that
many
of
the
Suffragans
were
so
terrified
,
that
they
left
the
matter
;
yet
the
Archbishop
stayed
,
and
there
declared
Wicklif's
Doctrine
Heretical
,
Erroneous
,
and
Irreligious
,
and
so
far
prevailed
with
the
King
,
as
by
his
Letters
Patents
,
to
deliver
him
up
wholly
to
their
mercy
,
as
likewise
to
send
his
Letters
to
the
Vice-chancellor
of
Oxford
to
excommunicate
him
,
and
make
diligent
search
there
to
apprehend
him
,
and
all
such
as
adhered
to
his
Doctrine
,
of
which
he
having
notice
,
he
retired
in
secret
,
where
he
continued
for
fome
time
,
and
then
returned
to
his
Parsonage
of
Lutterworth
in
Lancashire
,
where
after
all
the
Persecution
and
Malice
of
his
Enemies
,
he
dyed
in
Peace
,
Anno
Christi
1384.
but
after
his
Death
many
of
his
famous
Writings
were
burnt
by
the
Popish
Clergy
.
The
Life
of
JOHN
HUSS
.
JOhn
Huss
was
a
Bohemian
by
birth
,
being
born
in
a
Town
called
Hussinets
,
near
to
Prague
,
when
grown
up
,
he
was
by
his
Parents
sent
to
the
University
of
Prague
,
where
he
became
famous
for
his
Wit
and
Learning
,
when
at
last
happ'ning
on
some
of
Wicklif's
Books
that
had
scaped
the
Flames
;
he
so
far
weighed
the
Contents
that
he
found
them
to
concord
with
the
Scriptures
and
Primitive
Fathers
,
upon
which
he
began
to
detest
against
the
Superstitions
of
Popery
.
Anno
1393.
being
Commenced
Batchelor
of
Arts
,
with
the
Approbation
of
the
whole
University
,
he
after
that
became
Master
of
Arts
,
at
which
time
two
godly
Gentlemen
of
Prague
,
building
the
Church
of
Bethlehem
,
sometime
after
it
was
finished
,
Mr.
Huss
was
made
Minister
of
the
same
,
where
he
so
plainly
and
powerfully
preached
the
Scriptures
,
that
all
that
heard
him
greatly
profited
in
saving
knowledge
,
continuing
so
to
do
for
the
space
of
Twelve
years
,
which
Pope
Alexander
the
Fifth
hearing
,
and
fearing
that
the
knowledge
of
the
Scriptures
would
make
the
People
abhor
his
Councils
,
Decrees
,
and
other
Trumpery
,
which
had
been
thrust
into
the
Religious
Worship
of
the
Church
,
he
sent
his
Citation
for
Huss
to
appear
before
him
at
Rome
,
when
as
he
went
not
himself
,
but
sent
his
Proctor
,
who
answered
to
all
the
Objections
that
were
laid
against
him
,
and
cleared
his
Innocency
;
yet
the
Pope
was
nothing
contented
,
but
condemned
him
though
absent
for
a
Heretick
,
and
pronounced
his
Bugbear
of
Excommunication
against
him
,
which
caused
King
Winceslaus
to
banish
him
;
yet
was
he
taken
into
the
Protection
of
the
Lord
of
the
Soil
of
Hussinets
,
and
there
by
his
preaching
he
so
displayed
the
wickedness
of
Popery
,
that
he
caused
many
to
embrace
his
Doctrine
.
When
he
perceived
it
convenient
,
he
would
likewise
repair
to
his
Church
at
Bethlehem
,
and
there
instructed
his
Flock
,
and
exhort
them
to
be
stedfast
in
the
Truth
,
and
not
to
suffer
the
poyson
of
Popery
to
taint
their
Souls
,
telling
them
,
that
only
for
their
owning
the
Name
of
our
blessed
Lord
and
Saviour
,
it
could
not
be
distinguished
from
the
Heathen
Idolatries
.
Now
whilst
these
things
were
doing
Pope
Alexander
dyed
,
upon
which
the
Cardinals
went
together
by
the
ears
ahout
chusing
another
,
insomuch
that
dividing
themselves
into
Factions
,
they
chose
three
;
so
that
by
that
means
their
Church
became
a
Triple
headed
C●rberus
,
to
reconcile
which
,
a
Council
was
called
at
Constance
,
whither
all
the
Bishops
resorting
.
Huss
was
summoned
before
them
,
who
upon
Letters
of
the
King
's
safe
Conduct
,
freely
went
,
resolving
to
face
his
Enemies
,
and
not
doubting
if
he
could
fairly
be
heard
,
but
to
put
his
Accusers
to
shame
and
confusion
;
with
him
went
several
of
the
Bohemian
Nobility
,
and
by
the
way
he
set
up
several
Publick
Writings
signifying
his
departure
,
and
upon
what
occasion
he
went
.
When
he
came
to
Noremberg
,
the
Citizens
having
notice
of
his
Arrival
,
came
flocking
about
him
,
and
so
far
prevailed
with
him
,
as
to
instruct
them
,
the
which
he
did
from
Noon
till
it
was
Evening
,
instructing
some
,
and
confounding
others
in
their
own
Arguments
,
that
went
about
to
oppose
him
;
one
thing
by
the
way
is
very
observable
,
for
as
one
Stavistaus
Zonoma
a
Bohemian
,
who
was
his
greatest
Accuser
,
was
on
his
way
to
Constance
,
he
was
smote
by
the
hand
of
God
,
and
dyed
by
the
way
of
an
Imposthume
.
When
he
came
to
Constance
,
he
was
sent
for
to
appear
before
the
Council
,
to
give
an
account
of
his
Doctrine
,
which
he
chearfully
did
,
telling
them
that
he
came
for
no
other
end
;
but
for
as
much
as
all
the
Council
were
not
yet
come
,
he
desired
it
might
be
deferred
,
but
if
they
would
oblige
him
to
it
then
,
he
was
ready
,
not
doubting
but
Christ
would
strengthen
him
to
do
it
,
nor
did
he
fear
to
suffer
death
for
the
sake
of
his
Great
Master
;
but
in
fine
,
after
they
had
examined
him
to
some
Particulars
,
and
found
how
prompt
he
was
to
answer
all
their
Objections
,
they
thought
it
not
best
to
meddle
further
at
that
time
,
but
contrary
to
his
Letter
of
safe
Conduct
,
they
sent
him
to
a
nasty
Prison
,
by
reason
of
the
noisomness
of
which
he
fell
sick
,
and
was
in
great
danger
of
his
Life
.
During
the
time
he
continued
in
Prison
,
they
drew
up
some
Articles
of
their
own
Invention
,
and
procured
Villains
to
testifie
the
same
,
which
he
hearing
was
greatly
grieved
,
and
thereupon
moved
,
that
seeing
he
could
not
be
there
himself
,
he
might
have
an
Advocate
,
but
that
was
utterly
denied
him
,
and
he
removed
by
order
of
the
Bishop
of
Constance
,
to
the
other
side
the
Rhine
,
and
put
into
a
strong
Castle
.
The
Bohemian
Lords
hearing
of
this
hard
usage
towards
Mr.
Huss
,
were
greatly
grieved
,
and
thereupon
petitioned
the
Council
to
have
regard
to
the
Honour
of
their
King
,
who
had
granted
Huss
his
Letters
of
safe
Conduct
;
for
that
if
they
were
so
suffered
to
be
broken
it
would
redound
greatly
to
the
disgrace
,
not
only
of
the
King
,
but
the
Noble
Kingdom
of
Bohemia
:
Therefore
they
desired
he
might
be
set
at
liberty
,
and
suffered
to
plead
for
himself
;
but
this
nothing
prevailed
with
the
proud
Prelates
,
but
rather
encreased
their
malice
towards
him
,
for
those
that
were
appointed
to
be
his
Judges
in
his
Absence
,
heard
all
his
Accusers
,
and
sometimes
prompted
them
when
they
were
out
;
yet
at
last
they
consented
to
bring
him
to
his
Tryal
,
though
had
it
not
been
for
the
Emperour
,
they
had
proceeded
to
have
passed
Sentence
without
hearing
him
one
word
.
The
day
he
was
brought
before
them
there
happened
such
an
Eclipse
of
the
Sun
that
the
like
had
not
been
known
in
many
Ages
,
when
he
was
come
into
their
presence
they
fell
to
hissing
and
shouting
so
at
times
that
his
defence
could
not
be
heard
though
he
often
prayed
for
silence
,
some
of
them
all
the
while
railing
at
him
,
and
reviling
him
on
purpose
that
he
might
not
be
heard
,
and
when
they
perceived
they
could
make
nothing
against
him
out
of
his
Doctrine
,
they
brought
false
Witnesses
against
him
that
he
should
speak
Treasonable
Words
against
the
Emperour
;
but
that
was
consisted
by
a
Lord
then
present
:
yet
they
resolved
upon
taking
away
his
Life
;
which
he
perceiving
,
Appealed
to
the
Pope
,
and
from
him
to
Christ
;
for
which
they
greatly
derided
him
,
not
permitting
him
to
speak
for
himself
,
although
he
besought
them
with
tears
to
shew
him
what
Errors
he
maintained
,
for
that
if
there
were
any
thing
in
his
Doctrine
disconsonant
to
the
word
of
God
he
would
willingly
confess
his
Error
:
but
nothing
less
then
his
life
would
satisfie
their
bloody
revenge
,
whereupon
they
proceeded
to
degrade
him
,
and
afterwards
condemned
him
.
Upon
which
he
kneeling
down
prayed
to
God
to
turn
their
hearts
,
saying
,
Lord
Jesus
Christ
forgive
my
Enemies
,
by
whom
thou
knowest
I
am
falsly
accused
;
forgive
them
I
beseech
thee
for
thy
great
mercy's
sake
.
Yet
in
degrading
him
they
were
so
cruel
as
to
cut
the
skin
from
off
the
crown
of
his
head
with
Shears
,
and
in
that
Council
to
disanull
the
Emperors
Letters
of
safe
conduct
they
made
a
Decree
that
no
faith
should
be
kept
with
Hereticks
.
After
which
they
prepared
for
his
Execution
and
put
a
cap
upon
his
head
,
painted
with
Devils
,
the
which
he
joyfully
put
on
,
saying
,
that
since
his
Lord
and
Master
wore
for
his
sake
a
Crown
of
Thorns
,
he
would
not
disdain
for
his
sake
to
wear
that
Cap
;
when
he
had
put
it
upon
his
head
a
Bishop
standing
by
,
said
,
Now
we
commit
thy
soul
to
the
Devil
,
(
a
very
uncharitable
expression
,
)
but
Huss
lifting
up
his
Hands
and
Eyes
to
Heaven
,
said
,
Into
thy
hands
Lord
Jesus
I
commend
my
Spirit
which
thou
hast
redeemed
with
thy
most
precious
Blood
.
Then
they
burnt
his
Books
at
which
he
with
a
joyful
Countenance
said
to
the
People
,
Think
not
good
People
that
I
dye
for
any
Heresie
or
Error
,
but
through
the
hatred
and
malice
of
mine
Adversaries
.
Now
as
he
lifted
up
his
face
in
prayer
the
Cap
fell
off
,
whereupon
a
Souldier
put
it
on
again
saying
,
he
should
burn
with
his
masters
the
Devils
whom
he
had
served
.
Then
he
rising
up
,
said
,
Lord
Jesus
Assist
and
help
me
,
that
with
a
constant
and
patient
mind
by
thy
most
gracious
help
I
may
bear
and
suffer
this
Ignominious
death
whereunto
I
am
condemned
for
the
preaching
thy
most
holy
Gospel
.
Then
as
they
were
binding
him
to
the
Stake
with
a
Chain
he
said
with
a
merry
countenance
that
he
would
embrace
that
Chain
for
Christ's
sake
;
who
for
his
sake
had
been
bound
with
a
far
worse
.
When
the
fire
was
kindled
he
began
to
sing
with
a
loud
voice
,
Jesus
Christ
the
Son
of
the
Living
God
have
mercy
upon
me
,
the
which
after
he
had
repeated
three
times
,
the
flame
stopped
his
breath
,
his
heart
being
afterwards
found
,
they
rosted
it
upon
a
Stake
,
and
gathering
up
his
Ashes
,
they
cast
them
into
the
Rhine
.
He
suffered
Martyrdom
,
Anno
Christi
,
1415.
One
thing
more
is
very
memorable
,
viz.
he
told
them
at
his
death
,
that
within
a
hundred
years
out
of
those
Goose
Ashes
(
his
name
in
the
Bohemian
Language
signifying
a
Goose
)
should
spring
a
Swan
in
Germany
,
whose
singing
would
afright
all
those
Vulters
,
which
was
exactly
verified
in
Luther
;
yet
God
delayed
not
to
revenge
the
death
of
this
good
man
,
for
he
soon
after
raised
up
Ziska
,
who
maintaining
War
against
the
Emperour
Sigismund
,
destroyed
a
thousand
Popish
Monasteries
.
The
Life
of
HIEROM
of
PRAGUE
.
HIerom
was
by
Birth
a
Bohemian
,
a
man
famous
for
Learning
,
and
in
his
younger
years
a
great
detester
of
Popish
Superstitions
,
being
admired
of
all
men
for
great
Wisdom
,
which
was
evidently
manifested
in
several
Disputations
.
When
he
heard
that
notwithstanding
the
Letters
of
safe
Conduct
,
John
Huss
was
burnt
,
he
was
resolved
the
more
openly
to
maintain
the
Cause
of
his
Lord
and
Master
Christ
Jesus
,
and
thereupon
he
went
to
Constance
whilst
the
Council
was
sitting
,
from
whence
he
retiring
to
Iberling
,
an
Imperial
City
about
a
mile
from
thence
,
sent
to
Sigismond
for
Letters
of
safe
Conduct
;
but
he
refused
to
grant
his
request
,
yet
he
was
so
far
from
being
daunted
that
he
wrote
at
Letter
and
set
it
up
upon
the
gate
of
the
City
,
intimating
that
he
would
,
if
sent
for
,
come
freely
to
Constance
,
and
there
before
the
Council
make
it
appear
that
he
neither
preached
nor
maintained
any
Error
or
Heresie
,
as
it
had
been
falsly
suggested
by
many
Slanderers
and
scandalous
Persons
;
but
having
no
answer
to
what
he
had
written
,
he
by
the
perswasion
of
his
Friends
returned
towards
Bohemia
,
but
by
the
way
was
apprehended
and
carried
bound
to
Constance
,
where
being
presented
before
the
Bishops
,
they
charged
him
with
running
away
,
being
cited
,
to
which
he
answered
,
that
it
was
because
he
could
get
no
safe
Conduct
,
neither
from
the
Emperour
,
nor
them
,
nor
did
he
know
of
any
Citation
,
the
which
had
he
done
he
would
have
appeared
though
he
had
been
in
his
own
Country
.
Then
they
began
to
charge
him
with
several
Errors
in
his
Doctrine
,
to
which
he
answered
,
that
he
was
ready
to
answer
,
what
ever
could
be
objected
against
him
,
and
that
he
would
justifie
what
he
had
taught
;
whereupon
they
all
cried
out
,
let
him
be
burned
,
and
thereupon
the
Officers
were
ordered
to
carry
him
to
Prison
,
where
the
Bishop
of
Rigen
caused
Chains
to
be
put
about
his
neck
and
hands
,
and
that
he
should
hang
in
a
great
pair
of
Stocks
by
the
hands
and
feet
,
where
he
continued
eleven
days
without
touching
the
Ground
,
being
only
fed
with
bread
and
water
,
nor
would
they
take
him
thence
notwithstanding
his
sickness
,
till
they
had
compelled
him
to
subscribe
that
John
Huss
was
justly
put
to
death
,
the
which
,
to
be
somewhat
eased
of
his
Torments
,
he
did
,
though
with
great
regret
,
much
bewailing
himself
for
it
afterwards
.
Within
a
while
they
sent
for
him
to
examine
him
in
private
,
but
he
refused
to
answer
,
unless
in
Publick
,
well
knowing
that
they
did
it
to
insnare
him
;
to
which
they
consented
,
as
well
hoping
he
would
confirm
his
recantation
,
in
relation
to
the
death
of
Huss
,
but
were
therein
greatly
mistaken
,
for
he
not
only
confounded
the
Testimony
of
such
as
they
had
subborned
,
but
maintained
the
Doctrine
of
John
Huss
to
be
according
to
the
Word
of
God
,
and
that
whatever
Huss
and
Wicklif
had
written
against
the
Enormities
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
was
true
,
and
that
he
would
firmly
keep
and
defend
their
Opinions
,
to
the
last
;
much
lamenting
that
ever
he
consented
to
sign
the
Justness
of
Huss's
death
,
who
,
he
sayd
,
dyed
wrongfully
,
being
basely
murthered
by
the
Enemies
of
Christ
,
and
his
holy
Gospel
.
This
so
enraged
the
Popish
Clergy
,
that
they
immediately
passed
Sentence
upon
him
,
after
which
,
they
put
a
paper
about
him
,
painted
with
red
Devils
to
make
him
odious
to
the
People
;
as
likewise
,
a
paper-Miter
on
his
Head
,
which
he
took
very
patiently
,
saying
,
Our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
,
when
he
suffered
death
for
me
,
did
wear
a
Crown
of
Thorns
upon
his
Head
,
and
for
his
I
sake
will
wear
this
Cap.
As
he
went
to
the
Place
of
Execution
,
he
sung
Psalms
,
and
coming
to
the
Place
where
John
Huss
was
burned
,
he
upon
his
Knees
put
up
his
Prayers
to
Heaven
;
after
a
while
they
bound
him
to
the
Image
of
John
Huss
carved
in
Wood
,
which
they
had
set
up
instead
of
a
Stake
,
and
there
with
admirable
Patience
he
sustained
the
fury
of
the
flames
,
when
at
the
giving
up
the
Ghost
,
he
with
an
Audible
Voyce
,
said
,
Hanc
Animam
in
flammis
offero
Christe
Tibi
.
Which
may
be
Englished
thus
,
though
with
some
Addition
for
the
Verses
sake
.
This
Soul
of
mine
in
flames
of
fire
set
free
,
O!
Christ
my
Saviour
,
now
I
offer
thee
.
The
Life
of
MARTIN
LUTHER
.
MArtin
Luther
was
born
,
Anno
1483.
at
a
Town
in
the
Earldom
of
Mansfield
,
called
Isleben
,
his
Father
being
John
Luther
of
the
same
place
,
descended
of
honourable
Parentage
,
his
Mother's
name
before
her
Marriage
was
Margaret
Lindeman
,
who
in
his
Infancy
instructed
him
in
the
ways
of
Virtue
,
so
far
forth
as
his
tender
years
were
capable
to
bear
.
When
he
came
to
years
of
discretion
,
he
was
sent
to
Magdeburg
,
where
in
the
Free-School
he
greatly
profited
in
Learning
,
especially
he
there
was
taught
to
expound
the
Apostles
Creed
,
and
make
use
of
the
Fathers
,
the
reading
of
whose
Works
he
greatly
affected
,
when
he
had
stayed
there
a
considerable
time
,
he
went
to
the
University
of
Erford
,
where
in
a
short
time
he
so
profited
in
his
Studies
,
that
the
whole
University
admired
his
Wit
and
Learning
.
At
twenty
years
of
Age
he
was
made
Master
of
Arts
,
and
Professor
of
Physick
,
after
which
he
studied
the
Law
;
but
none
of
these
agreed
with
his
temper
,
God
having
designed
him
for
a
better
Work
,
whereupon
he
rejecting
the
former
,
bent
his
mind
wholly
upon
studying
Divine
Things
,
and
to
be
the
more
retire
from
noise
and
worldly
business
,
he
entered
into
the
Colledge
of
the
Augustine
Monks
;
and
became
one
of
their
Order
,
there
he
continued
some
time
very
zealous
for
the
Romish
Religion
;
but
within
a
while
he
began
to
dislike
the
Errors
that
had
crept
into
that
Church
,
as
plainly
perceiving
that
the
Religion
was
for
the
most
part
composed
of
Traditions
,
as
the
Ordinances
of
Councils
and
Decrees
,
the
which
were
altogether
disconsonant
to
the
Word
of
God
,
so
that
by
excessive
grief
for
the
Apostate
state
of
the
Romish
Church
,
he
fell
sick
and
almost
despaired
of
recovery
,
when
as
an
old
Priest
came
to
him
,
and
bid
him
be
of
good
comfort
for
that
his
Disease
was
not
mortal
,
but
that
God
would
raise
him
up
to
be
a
comfort
to
many
others
;
the
same
Priest
also
discoursed
with
him
concerning
Justification
by
Faith
,
and
explained
to
him
the
Articles
of
the
Creed
;
after
the
recovery
of
that
sickness
he
was
made
Presbyter
,
and
by
the
perswasion
of
John
Staupicius
went
to
the
University
of
Wintenber
,
where
after
he
had
continued
for
the
space
of
three
years
,
and
gained
great
commendation
,
he
was
by
his
Convent
sent
to
Rome
,
where
beholding
their
dissolute
manner
of
living
,
and
the
wicked
practices
there
used
,
he
grew
into
a
greater
dislike
of
that
Religion
,
for
there
,
as
himself
reports
,
he
heard
Strumpets
at
the
Communion
Table
boast
of
their
wickedness
,
and
that
he
had
heard
others
concerning
the
Bread
and
Wine
,
scoffingly
say
,
that
Bread
thou
art
,
and
Bread
thou
shalt
remain
,
and
Wine
thou
art
,
and
Wine
thou
shalt
remain
,
which
made
him
imagine
that
the
Church
stood
in
great
need
of
Reformation
,
however
he
was
at
his
return
there
made
Doctor
of
Divinity
,
and
many
times
preached
before
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
who
heard
him
with
great
gladness
,
and
much
admired
his
Eloquence
and
Learning
.
A
while
after
he
began
to
explain
the
Epistle
to
the
Romans
,
and
many
of
the
Psalms
of
David
,
and
began
more
and
more
to
decline
the
Superstitions
of
the
Romish
Church
;
so
that
when
one
John
Tecelius
coming
from
Rome
,
brought
the
Pope's
Indulgencies
into
Germany
,
perswading
the
People
that
they
were
of
such
a
sin-purging
quality
,
that
what
ever
sins
they
committed
,
if
they
could
but
purchase
one
of
them
,
they
should
have
them
all
remitted
;
this
wicked
Impostor
so
stirs
the
Zeal
of
Luther
,
that
he
wrote
against
his
Indulgencies
,
laying
open
the
Cheat
to
the
World
,
which
so
inraged
the
Indulgence
Merchant
,
that
he
bitterly
exclaimed
against
him
,
and
getting
as
many
of
his
Books
as
he
could
,
he
burned
them
;
whereupon
he
yet
once
more
wrought
against
his
Trumpery
,
at
which
time
many
of
the
Divines
of
the
University
took
part
with
Luther
in
what
he
did
,
and
now
he
began
to
preach
his
Doctrine
of
Reformation
openly
,
defending
it
against
the
Augustin-Fryers
at
Hedleburg
,
he
being
honourably
entertain'd
by
them
of
Worstburg
and
Volfgang
,
the
Count
Palatine
there
;
he
drew
many
to
partake
with
him
in
his
Opinion
,
of
which
the
Emperour
Maximilian
having
notice
,
sent
to
advertise
the
Pope
thereof
,
and
to
bid
him
take
timely
care
for
the
extirpating
the
New
Opinions
that
were
lately
sprung
up
,
and
that
whatsoever
measures
he
should
take
he
would
see
them
put
in
Execution
throughout
the
Empire
.
Upon
the
receipt
of
the
Emperour's
Letters
,
Pope
Leo
then
holding
the
Papacy
cited
Luther
to
appear
before
the
Council
of
Cardinals
at
Rome
,
and
signified
as
much
to
Cardinal
Cajetan
his
Legate
;
whereupon
the
Cardinal
going
to
Auspurg
,
and
finding
Luther
there
,
desir'd
the
Emperour
to
set
a
Guard
upon
him
,
in
order
to
carry
him
to
Rome
,
unless
he
would
speedily
recant
,
but
his
request
was
not
at
that
time
fulfilled
.
The
Pope
likewise
wrote
a
Letter
to
the
Elector
of
Saxony
to
complain
against
Luther
,
and
to
forbid
him
to
entertain
him
within
his
Dukedom
,
and
that
if
he
took
him
within
his
Jurisdiction
,
he
should
forthwith
send
him
to
Rome
,
there
to
be
condemned
or
acquitted
;
but
the
Elector
gave
little
heed
to
the
Pope's
Letter
,
though
he
threatned
him
therein
,
if
he
complied
not
with
his
will
:
But
when
he
perceived
these
Projects
fail
,
he
sent
to
the
Master
of
the
Augustine
Monks
,
to
see
if
he
could
prevail
with
him
to
return
to
his
former
Obedience
,
and
renounce
his
later
Opinion
,
but
this
proved
also
ineffectual
.
Yet
Luther
desirous
to
justifie
his
Doctrine
,
made
earnest
suit
that
he
might
appear
before
competent
Judges
to
be
heard
in
his
own
Country
,
and
not
at
Rome
,
where
he
was
assured
to
find
his
Judges
his
Enemies
.
In
his
behalf
also
the
●niversity
of
Wintenberg
wrote
to
the
Pope
,
giving
him
an
Account
of
his
great
Learning
,
Doctrine
,
and
pious
course
of
Life
,
desiring
that
he
might
be
heard
in
Germany
;
in
fine
Prince
Frederick
of
Saxony
so
far
prevailed
with
the
Pope's
Legate
,
that
he
consented
that
Luther
should
be
heard
at
Auspurg
,
at
what
time
the
Bohemians
sent
a
Book
to
●im
,
which
was
written
by
John
Huss
,
desiring
him
to
persevere
in
what
he
had
begun
.
A
while
after
Erasmus
was
solicited
to
write
against
him
,
but
he
declined
it
,
although
a
Bishoprick
was
profered
him
for
so
doing
,
saying
,
He
had
learned
more
out
of
one
page
of
Luther
's
Book
,
than
of
the
large
Volume
of
Thomas
Aquinas
.
Luther
being
now
cited
to
appear
before
the
Pope's
Legate
at
Auspurg
,
procured
the
Emperor's
Letters
of
safe
Conduct
,
when
coming
into
the
Legates
presence
,
after
some
Questions
asked
and
Objection
made
,
he
not
only
justified
his
Doctrine
,
but
offered
to
maintain
the
same
by
Disputation
or
Writing
,
but
the
Cardinal
being
much
offended
at
such
his
offer
,
would
not
permit
him
to
be
brought
before
him
any
more
;
so
that
having
waited
six
days
,
he
departed
home
;
but
the
Cardinal
wrote
after
him
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
that
as
he
loved
his
Honour
and
Safety
,
he
would
expel
him
his
Dominions
:
This
Letter
the
Duke
sent
to
Luther
,
who
wrote
back
to
the
Legate
,
that
rathen
than
he
would
any
ways
indanger
his
Prince
,
he
would
retire
into
what
Part
soever
of
the
World
the
Lord
would
please
to
lead
him
;
but
the
University
of
Wintenberg
wrote
to
the
Duke
,
desiring
him
that
he
would
take
him
into
his
Protection
,
and
not
suffer
Innocency
to
be
oppressed
by
force
,
and
that
if
Luther
had
preache●
or
did
maintain
any
Error
,
he
might
be
fairly
convicted
of
the
same
,
upon
which
the
Duke
began
to
take
his
part
more
than
formerly
,
and
sent
to
the
Cardinal
,
that
seeing
he
having
come
to
Auspurg
he
had
performed
his
Promise
,
and
could
do
no
more
in
that
Affair
.
After
the
death
of
Maximilian
,
and
the
Coronation
of
Charles
,
the
Pope
sent
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
,
requesting
him
to
cause
all
Luther's
Books
to
be
burnt
,
and
that
he
would
see
Luther
either
executed
in
Saxony
,
or
that
he
would
send
him
guarded
to
Rome
,
to
which
the
Duke
replied
,
that
he
was
ready
to
yield
Obedience
to
the
Pope
,
but
that
he
could
not
send
Luther
to
him
before
his
Cause
was
heard
before
the
Emperor
,
and
till
he
was
convicted
of
some
Error
,
and
then
if
he
recanted
not
,
he
should
find
no
favour
at
his
hands
.
A
while
after
a
Disputation
was
held
between
Luther
and
one
Eccius
at
Lipsick
,
wherein
the
former
prevailed
,
and
his
Doctrine
so
spread
it self
,
that
the
Fryers
and
Monks
fearing
to
be
unhived
,
sent
to
the
Pope
to
charge
him
with
neglecting
the
Church
Affairs
,
by
giving
himself
up
to
Pleasures
;
in
the
mean
time
suffering
the
Doctrine
of
Luther
to
spread
even
in
the
very
heart
of
Germany
,
upon
which
the
Pope
began
to
bestir
himself
,
by
sending
his
Bull
against
him
;
in
which
he
Excommunicated
not
only
him
,
but
all
his
Partakers
,
commanding
all
men
to
apprehend
him
,
and
bring
him
to
Rome
,
and
that
his
Books
should
be
burnt
,
of
which
Luther
hearing
burnt
the
Pope's
Bull
lately
sent
out
against
him
,
together
with
several
Decrees
and
Councils
.
Not
long
after
the
Emperor
coming
into
Germany
,
the
Duke
of
Saxony
so
far
prevailed
with
him
,
that
he
was
content
to
hear
him
openly
in
the
Diet
,
of
which
Luther
having
notice
,
greatly
rejoyced
,
though
some
of
his
Friends
perswaded
him
from
going
,
saying
,
that
the
Publick
Faith
would
be
broken
,
as
it
was
with
John
Huss
;
whereupon
he
told
them
,
That
such
discouragements
were
cast
in
his
way
by
Satan
,
who
knew
that
his
Profession
of
the
Truth
in
such
a
Noble
Place
would
be
a
means
to
shake
his
Kingdom
,
adding
,
that
if
he
knew
there
were
as
many
Devils
in
Worms
,
as
there
were
Tiles
upon
the
Houses
,
yet
he
would
go
thither
.
He
being
arrived
at
Worms
,
some
of
the
Popish
Clergy
went
about
to
perswade
the
Emperor
to
apprehend
him
,
and
commit
him
to
Prison
;
but
he
would
by
no
means
hearken
to
their
wicked
Counsel
,
alledging
that
the
Publick
Faith
ought
not
to
be
broken
;
the
next
day
after
his
coming
he
Presented
himself
before
the
Council
assembled
for
that
purpose
;
the
Emperor
being
there
present
,
where
one
Eccius
a
Lawyer
,
at
the
Command
of
the
Emperor
made
a
Speech
,
In
which
he
demanded
of
Luther
,
that
he
would
retract
his
Works
and
Doctrine
,
telling
him
,
that
it
was
the
Emperor's
Pleasure
that
he
should
so
do
,
and
if
he
refused
it
he
must
expect
his
displeasure
,
to
which
he
replied
,
As
to
my
Books
,
some
of
them
tend
to
Faith
,
and
to
these
my
Adversaries
give
an
ample
Testimony
,
others
are
against
the
Pope
and
his
Doctrine
,
the
which
should
I
revoke
I
should
confirm
his
Tyranny
,
and
some
of
them
are
against
private
men
,
who
defend
the
Popes
Cause
,
against
whom
I
must
confess
I
have
been
somewhat
too
sharp
,
yet
I
cannot
revoke
them
,
unless
I
will
set
open
a
Gap
for
the
Impudence
of
many
.
But
this
Answer
nothing
pleased
the
Emperor
,
who
would
be
satisfied
with
nothing
less
than
Luther's
Recantation
,
nor
would
he
suffer
him
to
defend
his
Doctrine
by
Scripture
and
other
warrantable
Arguments
,
though
he
earnestly
desired
it
,
telling
the
Emperor
,
That
unless
he
could
satisfie
his
Conscience
that
his
Doctrine
was
false
,
he
could
by
no
means
recant
the
same
;
whereupon
he
was
ordered
to
depart
the
Council
,
and
the
next
day
the
Emperor
sent
his
Letters
to
the
Princes
,
to
acquaint
them
that
he
was
resolved
to
proscribe
Luther
and
all
his
Accomplices
,
upon
which
they
were
divided
,
the
greatest
part
,
and
those
of
the
most
Noble
amongst
them
,
alledging
that
Luther
was
not
rashly
to
be
condemned
,
for
that
the
Emperor
was
young
,
and
in
matters
of
Religion
altogether
guided
by
the
Popish
Clergy
.
The
next
day
the
Bishop
of
Trevers
sent
for
Luther
,
and
used
many
Arguments
to
perswade
him
to
a
Recantation
,
telling
him
withall
,
that
if
he
refused
it
was
the
Emperor's
purpose
to
banish
him
,
to
whom
Luther
replied
,
That
he
took
it
as
a
favour
,
that
so
great
a
Prince
would
put
himself
to
so
much
trouble
for
so
mean
a
Person
as
he
was
;
after
that
one
Vaeus
a
Lawyer
came
from
the
Emperor
to
perswade
him
to
recant
,
but
he
not
consenting
to
his
request
,
the
Emperour
sent
to
him
to
depart
home
,
and
withal
gave
him
twelve
days
so
to
do
,
after
the
end
of
which
he
proscribed
him
;
whereupon
Prince
Frederick
appointed
some
of
his
most
trusty
Nobles
to
convey
him
secretly
to
Wartsburg
,
where
he
continued
ten
Months
notwithstanding
diligent
search
was
made
for
him
,
and
great
sums
of
money
offered
:
nay
,
his
Enemies
imployed
Wizards
and
Witches
to
use
their
Art
to
find
out
the
place
of
his
abode
,
but
in
vain
;
at
the
end
of
ten
Months
he
returned
to
Wintenber
,
where
he
was
most
joyfully
received
by
the
University
,
from
whence
he
sent
Letters
to
Prince
Frederick
to
excuse
himself
for
leaving
Wartsburg
without
his
knowledge
,
telling
him
,
That
it
was
God's
Cause
he
undertook
,
and
that
God
would
protect
him
from
the
rage
of
his
Enemies
.
A
while
after
he
printed
the
New
Testament
which
he
had
translated
into
the
German
Tongue
at
Wartsburg
,
which
place
he
usually
called
his
Patmos
,
which
did
not
a
little
displease
King
Henry
the
Eighth
of
England
,
and
George
Duke
of
Saxony
.
About
this
time
one
Thomas
Muncer
wrote
a
Fanatick
Book
against
his
Doctrine
,
and
perswaded
the
Boors
to
Rebel
,
who
being
perswaded
by
him
to
throw
off
all
Obedience
to
their
Princes
,
took
Arms
in
great
numbers
,
against
which
unlawful
proceedings
,
Luther
wrote
several
Treatises
,
perswading
them
to
yield
Obedience
to
their
Princes
,
shewing
them
how
disconsonant
such
practices
were
to
the
word
of
God
,
but
when
this
prevailed
not
the
Princes
drew
out
their
Forces
,
and
with
more
Convincing
Arguments
taught
them
Obedience
.
For
coming
to
a
Battel
about
five
thousand
four
hundred
of
them
were
slain
,
and
their
seditious
Ring-leaders
Mauncer
and
Pestifer
taken
,
the
former
being
put
upon
the
Rack
to
confess
his
Accomplices
,
cryed
out
grievously
,
when
as
Prince
George
of
Saxony
bid
him
think
upon
the
slaughter
of
the
Poor
wretches
,
who
seduced
by
him
fell
in
battel
the
day
before
:
Whereupon
he
laughing
out-right
said
,
they
would
be
seduced
;
in
fine
he
and
his
Companion
with
some
others
were
beheaded
;
but
so
ended
not
the
War
,
which
was
call'd
the
War
of
the
Clowns
,
for
before
the
Rebellion
was
suppressed
about
fifty
thousand
were
slain
.
A
while
after
Luther
married
one
Katharine
a
Boren
against
the
Will
of
most
of
his
Friends
,
tho
Melancthone
greatly
Commended
him
for
so
doing
,
saying
there
was
more
then
ordinary
Causes
that
induced
him
so
to
do
.
But
within
a
short
time
Luther
fell
sick
with
a
Congealing
of
Blood
,
but
within
a
while
after
recovered
in
his
Sickness
;
it
seemed
to
him
that
the
noise
of
a
tempestuous
Sea
was
beating
at
his
Ears
the
which
he
said
if
it
did
not
cease
he
should
dye
,
and
no
sooner
did
the
noise
come
within
his
Head
but
he
fell
down
as
dead
,
but
means
being
used
he
came
again
to
himself
,
and
this
he
took
as
a
Temptation
of
Satan
,
and
upon
such
occasions
he
was
wont
to
repeat
the
words
of
our
Saviour
:
Be
of
good
Comfort
for
I
have
overcome
the
World
.
And
would
often
say
that
a
man
would
go
upon
his
Knees
to
Jerusalem
to
fetch
such
a
Sentence
.
In
the
year
1523.
a
Diet
was
held
at
Norinberg
,
where
the
Edict
of
Worms
was
made
void
,
upon
which
the
Popes
Legat
complained
grievously
saying
,
That
since
the
Publication
of
the
Edict
neither
Luther
nor
any
of
his
Accomplices
had
been
punished
.
To
which
the
Princes
answered
,
That
since
the
Pope
and
his
Clergy
had
neglected
Reformation
in
the
Church
,
Germany
had
been
greatly
enlightened
by
the
Sermons
of
Luther
,
and
that
if
they
should
go
about
to
Punish
him
,
the
People
would
think
they
went
about
to
extinguish
the
Light
of
the
Gospel
,
the
better
to
obscure
those
manifest
Vices
that
could
be
no
longer
hid
;
and
that
such
Proceedings
would
raise
up
great
Tumults
.
The
Romanists
seeing
this
resolved
to
bribe
him
into
silence
,
but
in
vain
:
a
while
after
Luther
being
summoned
to
Auspurg
,
he
there
made
a
Confession
of
his
Faith
in
seventeen
Articles
,
to
the
great
Satisfaction
of
most
that
heard
him
.
In
the
year
1545.
a
notorious
Lye
was
Printed
in
Italy
about
Luther's
Death
,
which
was
that
when
he
saw
he
must
dye
,
he
requested
that
his
Body
might
be
laid
upon
the
Altar
and
worshipped
;
but
when
his
Body
was
laid
in
the
Grave
,
such
a
terrible
Earthquake
happened
as
if
the
Foundation
of
the
Earth
was
loosened
,
when
as
the
People
looking
up
beheld
the
Host
hovering
in
the
Air
,
the
which
they
took
and
laid
upon
the
Altar
,
when
the
night
following
a
loud
noise
and
ratling
was
heard
more
terrible
then
the
former
,
which
terrified
all
the
City
:
and
in
the
Morning
his
Sepulcher
being
opened
,
they
found
neither
Body
Bones
nor
Cloaths
,
but
such
a
stink
of
Brimstone
issued
thence
as
overcame
all
the
standers
by
;
and
almost
choaked
those
that
opened
it
.
This
Lye
coming
Printed
into
Germany
,
Luther
read
it
and
subscribed
it
with
his
own
hand
;
shewing
the
Malice
and
Folly
of
the
Pope
and
his
Agents
:
A
while
after
he
was
sent
for
by
the
Counts
of
Mansfield
,
to
Compose
a
difference
between
them
about
the
Borders
of
their
Countries
,
and
Inheritances
,
when
as
not
been
accustomed
to
such
affairs
,
he
took
with
him
Melancthone
and
some
others
,
and
was
by
the
Counts
received
upon
the
Borders
with
a
hundred
Horse
;
where
after
he
had
setled
the
Temporal
affairs
,
he
fell
to
Preaching
and
Exhorting
the
people
,
and
Administred
the
Sacrament
to
many
whom
he
thought
fit
Persons
to
receive
the
same
.
Within
a
while
he
fell
sick
and
grew
exceeding
weak
,
yet
putting
his
trust
in
God
he
supported
himself
to
Comfort
his
Friends
beyond
measure
;
insomuch
that
the
day
before
his
Death
,
he
Dined
and
supped
with
Melancthone
and
the
rest
of
his
Accomplices
:
but
after
Supper
his
Pain
increasing
he
retired
to
pray
,
and
then
went
to
Bed
and
there
slept
till
Midnight
,
but
then
being
awakened
by
the
Pain
and
perceiving
his
Life
near
at
an
end
,
he
called
his
Friends
about
him
,
and
said
,
I
pray
God
to
preserve
the
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
amongst
us
,
for
the
Pope
and
the
Councel
of
Trent
have
grievous
things
in
hand
.
After
which
he
made
his
Prayers
,
and
earnestly
desired
of
God
that
he
would
defend
his
Church
against
the
Pope
,
and
all
his
Adherents
.
When
it
was
expected
that
he
was
about
to
dye
,
Justus
Jonas
and
Caelius
bid
him
be
constant
and
Persevere
in
the
Faith
he
had
taught
and
held
to
the
last
,
to
which
he
answered
,
yea
;
and
soon
after
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
dying
Anno
Christi
,
1546.
he
was
a
man
of
great
Temperance
and
Abstinence
;
oftentimes
had
the
Papists
hired
Ruffians
to
kill
him
,
but
they
had
never
the
Power
to
do
it
;
the
Devil
one
time
appeared
to
him
(
as
he
was
walking
in
his
Garden
)
in
the
shape
of
a
huge
Boar
,
but
he
so
flouted
him
that
he
soon
vanisht
.
He
was
wont
to
say
,
God
would
give
Peace
to
Germany
during
his
Life
,
but
woe
to
them
that
should
Live
after
him
:
about
four
years
after
his
Death
his
Wife
falling
out
of
a
Wagon
into
a
Lake
,
so
bruised
her self
,
that
she
dyed
within
six
days
,
to
the
great
Grief
of
all
good
People
.
The
end
of
the
Life
of
Martin
Luther
.
The
Life
of
ZUINGLIUS
.
HVldericus
Zuinglius
was
by
birth
a
Switzer
,
being
by
his
Parents
educated
in
Learning
,
and
kept
to
the
studying
of
sacred
Books
,
profiting
so
much
that
at
ten
years
old
he
went
to
Basile
,
from
whence
after
some
time
he
departed
to
Berne
,
where
he
was
Instructed
under
the
Tutorage
of
Henry
Lupulus
a
famous
Divine
.
When
after
a
while
going
to
Vienna
,
he
Commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
where
he
studied
so
hard
that
he
got
Valerius
Maximus
by
heart
;
and
gave
his
mind
much
to
the
study
of
the
Scriptures
,
insomuch
that
he
could
readily
expound
many
of
the
difficult
Phrases
therein
contained
,
and
then
began
he
to
think
upon
the
Doctrine
of
Reformation
,
which
having
well
weighed
he
plainly
perceived
,
it
agreed
in
all
Points
with
the
Holy
Scriptures
:
Whereupon
he
Preached
against
the
Corruptness
of
the
times
,
and
the
Licentious
living
of
the
Romish
Clergy
,
laying
open
their
wicked
Practices
and
Idolatrous
worship
,
withdrawing
many
from
the
Romish
to
the
reformed
Religion
,
so
that
within
a
while
he
grew
so
Famous
,
that
he
was
chosen
Pastor
of
a
Church
,
called
our
Lords
Hermitage
,
by
Theobaldus
Baron
of
that
part
of
the
Country
where
it
stands
.
There
he
Preached
against
the
worship
of
Images
,
and
other
abominable
Ceremonies
,
in
the
Romish
Church
.
About
a
year
after
his
Pastorship
,
one
Sampson
a
Franciscan
Fryer
being
sent
by
the
Pope
to
sell
Indulgences
,
came
into
those
parts
whom
Zuinglius
greatly
opposed
,
plainly
proving
him
to
be
an
Impostor
and
deceiver
of
the
People
,
insomuch
that
he
perswaded
the
People
to
keep
him
out
of
Zurick
:
upon
which
the
Indulgence-Merchant
trotted
to
Badena
where
he
exposed
his
Trumpery
to
sail
,
and
often
would
fall
into
a
fit
of
Bawling
;
Behold
they
fly
,
behold
they
fly
,
meaning
the
Souls
that
were
delivered
out
of
Purgatory
by
his
Indulgences
.
Anno
Christi
1520.
the
Senate
of
Zurick
at
the
instance
of
Zuinglius
,
commanded
the
reformed
Ministers
to
Preach
freely
,
and
frame
their
Doctrine
according
to
Scripture
;
and
not
to
teach
any
Traditions
,
at
which
the
Bishop
of
Constance
was
greatly
troubled
,
and
desired
that
the
Faith
might
be
continued
according
to
the
Church
of
Rome
,
till
such
time
as
a
Councel
could
be
called
.
But
Zuinglius
defended
them
,
and
the
Magistrates
of
Zurick
called
a
Synod
,
desiring
the
Bishop
either
to
come
in
Person
,
or
send
his
Doctors
;
Whereupon
he
sent
his
Chaplain
:
but
he
not
being
able
to
prove
any
thing
Erroneous
,
in
the
Doctrine
of
Zuinglius
,
made
an
Exception
against
the
Synod
,
and
so
departed
.
So
that
the
Senators
at
the
request
of
Zuinglius
,
not
only
confirmed
the
Preaching
Minister
,
but
also
restrained
the
Monasteries
,
only
allowing
the
Monks
and
Fryers
a
Competency
;
they
imployed
the
Over-plus
to
Charitable
uses
,
and
Commanded
that
all
Images
in
Churches
should
be
taken
down
,
and
burnt
,
which
was
done
accordingly
,
as
likewise
the
Mass
to
be
abolished
,
and
the
Lords
Supper
to
be
Administred
as
it
was
wont
in
the
primitive
Churches
;
they
also
forbid
Procession
and
remove
the
Martyrs
Tombs
,
to
prevent
the
Peoples
worshipping
them
;
whereupon
a
Notary
belonging
to
the
Councel
stood
up
,
and
grievously
Complained
that
they
had
taken
away
the
Ancient
worship
of
the
Romish
Church
,
against
all
right
;
whereupon
a
great
Dispute
arose
between
him
and
Zuinglius
about
the
Administration
of
the
Sacrament
,
and
many
Arguments
used
on
both
sides
,
so
that
it
was
put
off
to
a
further
hearing
,
during
which
time
Zuinglius
dreamed
that
he
being
Non-plussed
and
sitting
down
a
heavenly
Messenger
stood
by
him
,
and
said
,
O
thou
Sluggard
why
dost
thou
not
answer
him
out
of
the
12.
of
Exodus
?
At
which
he
awaking
immediately
started
up
,
and
taking
his
Bible
turned
to
the
Proof
,
and
there
found
,
this
is
the
Passover
of
the
Lord
.
The
which
text
he
afterwards
opposing
against
his
Adversary
,
not
only
confounded
him
,
but
highly
satisfied
the
whole
Assembly
,
insomuch
that
the
next
Sacrament
day
most
of
the
Inhabitants
of
Zurick
were
present
.
A
while
after
Eccius
the
Popish
Law-giver
sent
to
Baden
,
to
the
Embassador
of
Zurick
,
to
Complain
against
Zuinglius
,
which
he
understanding
wrote
an
Apology
to
the
Embassador
,
wherein
he
declared
:
That
if
Eccius
could
lay
any
thing
of
Heresie
to
his
Charge
,
as
he
pretended
,
he
would
at
all
times
be
ready
to
Vindicate
himself
by
the
word
of
God
,
and
that
he
would
Dispute
with
him
,
by
writing
or
word
of
Mouth
.
To
which
Eccius
writ
a
reply
,
desiring
the
Dispute
,
and
appointed
the
place
,
to
be
either
at
Lucerna
or
Baden
;
but
Zuinglius
answered
that
he
would
not
venture
his
Person
at
those
places
,
by
reason
he
had
been
already
condemned
there
as
a
Heretick
,
but
if
he
would
come
to
Zurick
he
would
freely
Dispute
with
him
;
the
Senators
of
Zurick
sent
to
him
likewise
,
that
he
would
come
thither
upon
the
publick
Faith
;
but
he
refused
,
accusing
Occolampadius
also
;
but
a
while
after
,
the
twelve
Cantons
resolved
that
it
was
necessary
they
should
meet
at
Zurick
,
which
Eccius
and
Occolampadius
did
accordingly
:
Whereupon
the
Dispute
was
held
between
them
,
but
it
came
to
no
Perfection
;
so
that
nine
of
the
Cantons
concluded
that
Zuinglius
and
his
Accomplices
should
be
Excommunicated
,
but
they
proceeded
not
to
Sentence
.
About
a
Twelve-month
after
,
another
Dispute
was
held
at
Bern
,
the
which
the
Popish
Cantons
opposed
,
but
it
notwithstanding
went
on
,
after
which
it
was
decreed
that
the
Mass
,
Altars
,
Images
,
and
other
superstitious
Trumpery
should
be
abolished
,
and
that
the
Divine
Service
should
be
continued
according
to
the
Word
of
God
,
and
also
they
writ
the
day
and
year
of
their
abolishing
Popery
,
upon
a
Pillar
set
up
for
that
purpose
,
in
Letters
of
Gold
that
it
might
remain
as
a
Memento
to
Posterity
,
the
like
Reformation
was
Effected
at
Basil
.
About
this
time
a
Sect
of
Anti-Baptists
began
to
spread
their
Erroneous
Opinions
,
and
Preach
against
the
Baptism
of
Infants
,
baptizing
themselves
anew
;
against
these
Zuinglius
opposed
himself
;
wherefore
they
began
to
rail
upon
him
,
and
to
asperse
him
with
Lyes
and
Calumnies
,
insomuch
that
the
Senate
taking
notice
of
it
,
some
of
them
were
imprisoned
,
and
others
Proscribed
,
of
which
three
or
four
were
put
to
Death
.
The
Monks
and
Fryers
being
cast
out
of
their
Cells
and
Monasteries
,
at
the
Procurement
of
Zuinglius
sought
by
all
means
to
take
his
Life
,
laying
Ambushments
for
him
,
so
that
the
Senators
appointed
him
a
Guard
.
Anno
Christi
,
1531.
they
of
Zurick
and
Bern
,
agreed
to
stop
the
coming
of
Provision
to
the
three
Cities
of
the
Popish
Cantons
,
which
caused
them
to
take
Arms
,
and
coming
into
the
Territories
of
Zurick
before
they
were
expected
,
they
set
upon
a
Garrison
of
one
thousand
men
,
who
sent
to
the
City
for
Aid
,
upon
which
Forces
were
Levyed
,
in
the
Head
of
which
Zuinglius
advanced
,
for
fear
any
should
charge
him
with
Cowardize
,
though
he
had
been
a
great
disswader
from
cutting
off
the
Provision
,
but
the
Zuricks
coming
to
the
top
of
the
Hill
,
and
perceiving
their
men
were
fighting
and
in
present
Danger
,
they
encouraged
each
other
,
and
ran
down
the
Hill
,
at
the
bottom
of
which
the
Passage
was
so
straight
,
that
they
could
go
but
two
abrest
,
upon
which
being
met
before
they
could
range
themselves
in
Battel
,
the
Popish
Cantoniers
fell
upon
them
that
were
foremost
and
put
them
to
the
Rout
,
killing
many
of
them
;
Zuinglius
being
amongst
those
that
advanced
,
he
was
thrice
overthrown
,
and
still
got
up
again
,
but
being
the
fourth
time
run
in
with
a
Spear
,
he
fell
down
upon
his
Knees
and
said
;
Well
,
they
can
kill
the
Body
,
but
cannot
kill
the
Soul
.
When
the
Souldiers
came
to
strip
the
slain
,
Zuinglius
was
found
alive
lying
upon
his
Back
with
his
eyes
up
to
Heaven
,
whereupon
they
asked
him
if
he
would
have
a
Priest
to
Confess
him
;
to
which
he
answered
,
no
;
they
then
bid
him
,
call
upon
the
Virgin
Mary
,
which
he
also
refusing
they
thrust
him
in
with
a
Sword
,
and
so
he
expired
without
fetching
a
Groan
:
and
as
soon
as
they
knew
it
to
be
him
,
they
Cut
his
Body
in
four
pieces
and
burnt
it
,
when
the
next
day
his
Heart
was
found
unperished
by
the
Fire
,
tho
the
rest
of
his
Body
was
Consumed
.
Before
this
Battel
a
Comet
appeared
,
which
he
said
Prognosticated
his
Death
;
and
declared
it
openly
in
his
Sermons
,
fourteen
days
before
he
fell
in
Battel
:
He
was
a
man
of
great
Courage
,
full
of
Meekness
,
very
Liberal
to
the
Poor
,
and
Learned
in
all
the
studies
that
Age
was
capable
of
,
he
was
slain
in
the
manner
aforesaid
,
in
the
year
1531.
The
Life
of
Sr.
JOHN
OLD-CASTLE
,
commonly
called
the
LORD
COBHAM
.
JOhn
Old-Castle
came
of
very
worthy
Parents
,
being
an
English-man
by
Birth
,
and
born
in
the
Reign
of
Henry
the
fourth
,
at
whose
Court
he
was
brought
up
;
and
coming
to
mans
Estate
he
was
Knighted
by
the
King
,
and
for
his
honourable
great
Service
in
the
Wars
,
was
honoured
with
the
Title
of
Lord
Cobham
;
when
betaking
himself
to
his
Studies
he
became
very
zealous
for
the
Gospel
,
and
often
grieved
that
Anti-Christ
was
suffered
to
tread
it
under
his
feet
,
insomuch
that
he
openly
reproved
the
Idolatrous
and
Superstitious
worship
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
and
took
the
Parts
of
the
reformed
Ministers
,
especially
such
as
taught
Wicklif's
Doctrine
;
upon
which
the
Papists
began
to
hate
him
,
and
endeavoured
many
ways
to
insnare
him
,
resolving
to
Rid
him
out
of
the
way
;
whereupon
they
branded
him
with
the
name
of
Heretick
,
and
made
grievous
Complaints
against
him
to
the
King
,
that
he
went
about
to
innovate
Religion
,
and
to
stir
up
Rebellion
;
but
the
King
being
satisfied
in
his
fidelity
gave
little
heed
to
the
Accusations
of
his
Adversaries
,
yet
they
so
far
prevailed
that
they
got
his
Consent
to
summon
a
Councel
,
and
then
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
addressed
himself
to
the
King
with
many
grievous
Complaints
against
the
Lord
Cobham
;
hoping
by
such
means
to
cast
him
out
of
the
Kings
favour
,
that
so
they
might
the
boldlier
proceed
against
him
;
but
the
King
told
them
,
That
he
being
one
of
his
Knights
,
and
of
an
honourable
Family
,
He
would
himself
first
Commune
with
him
about
his
Opinion
,
and
perswade
him
to
return
to
the
Romish
Church
.
The
King
having
thus
satisfied
the
Bishop
for
the
present
,
he
sent
for
the
Lord
Cobham
and
desired
him
to
be
an
obedient
Son
of
the
Church
,
and
that
he
would
submit
himself
to
his
Bishop
and
Confess
himself
in
an
Error
,
to
which
he
mildly
answered
:
You
,
most
worthy
Prince
,
I
am
always
willing
and
ready
to
obey
,
for
as
much
as
I
know
you
to
be
the
Minister
of
God
;
bearing
the
Sword
for
the
Punishment
of
Evil
doers
,
and
for
the
praise
of
them
that
do
well
;
unto
you
,
next
unto
my
Eternal
God
,
I
owe
all
Obedience
,
and
submit
all
that
I
have
unto
you
,
being
ready
at
all
times
to
do
whatever
you
shall
in
the
Lord
command
me
.
But
as
touching
the
Pope
and
his
Spirituality
I
owe
them
no
Suit
nor
Service
,
knowing
him
by
the
Scriptures
,
to
be
the
Great
Anti-Christ
,
the
Son
of
Perdition
,
the
open
Adversary
of
God
,
and
the
abomination
standing
in
the
Holy
place
.
The
King
hearing
this
stout
and
Christian-like
answer
,
he
dismissed
him
with
an
Admonition
that
he
would
become
obedient
to
the
Church
,
but
he
utterly
refusing
,
the
King
at
the
reiterated
Importunity
of
the
Arch
Bishop
,
delivered
him
up
to
be
proceeded
against
as
he
saw
fit
;
whereupon
he
consulting
the
other
Bishops
,
they
resolved
to
cite
the
Lord
Cobham
to
appear
at
a
Council
to
be
holden
for
that
purpose
at
London
,
there
to
answer
to
such
Articles
as
should
be
objected
against
him
,
but
the
Bishops
Sumner
coming
with
his
Citation
to
his
Castle
of
Couling
durst
not
enter
the
Gate
,
without
my
Lord
Cobham's
leave
;
the
which
he
not
obtaining
return'd
as
wise
as
he
went
.
Then
the
Bishop
hired
one
John
Butler
,
Door-keeper
to
the
Kings
Privy
Chamber
,
to
go
with
his
Sumner
,
which
he
accordingly
did
;
and
telling
the
Lord
Cobham
that
he
had
a
message
for
him
from
the
King
,
he
got
Admittance
;
when
coming
to
his
Presence
he
told
him
:
It
was
the
Kings
Pleasure
he
should
obey
that
Process
,
to
which
he
answered
;
That
he
would
in
no
Case
consent
to
the
devilish
Practices
of
the
Popish
Priests
.
Upon
notice
of
which
the
Bishop
being
thoroughly
nettled
,
sent
to
fix
the
Citation
upon
the
great
Church
in
Rochester
,
not
far
from
his
Castle
;
but
it
was
soon
torn
down
by
some
of
the
Lord
Cobham's
Friends
,
the
like
being
done
three
or
four
times
;
upon
which
he
Excommunicated
him
,
but
he
laught
at
such
his
Proceedings
,
which
inraged
him
yet
the
more
;
but
at
last
the
Lord
finding
the
Malice
of
the
Popish
Clergy
to
increase
against
him
,
he
went
Voluntarily
to
the
King
,
and
carried
with
him
the
Articles
of
his
Belief
in
writing
,
desiring
his
Majesty
to
suffer
them
to
be
perused
by
the
Learned
men
of
either
University
:
And
if
they
could
any
ways
prove
that
they
were
disagreeing
to
the
word
of
God
,
he
would
submit
;
or
that
according
to
the
Law
of
Arms
,
In
the
defence
of
his
Faith
he
would
fight
with
any
man
Living
,
Christian
or
Heathen
;
the
King
,
his
Royal
Progeny
and
the
Council
excepted
;
and
he
would
refuse
no
Correction
,
that
should
be
inflicted
according
to
the
Law
of
God
.
Yet
the
King
not
daring
to
displease
the
Arch-Bishop
,
permitted
him
Personally
to
be
summoned
in
his
Privy
Chamber
;
and
upon
his
appealing
from
the
Arch-Bishop
caused
him
to
be
Arrested
and
carried
to
the
Tower
,
where
he
caused
his
Confession
to
be
writ
over
again
,
during
his
Confinement
.
A
while
after
he
being
brought
before
the
Arch-Bishop
and
his
Consistory
,
the
Arch-Bishop
proffered
to
absolve
him
,
if
he
would
require
it
;
but
he
told
the
whole
Assembly
,
He
needed
it
not
,
but
was
there
ready
to
make
a
Confession
of
his
Faith
,
if
so
be
they
would
Permit
him
.
And
thereupon
he
delivered
it
to
them
in
Writing
,
but
they
told
him
that
although
there
were
many
good
things
contained
therein
,
yet
they
had
no
leasure
to
Examine
them
,
but
that
he
must
answer
to
the
Articles
,
and
then
they
began
to
ask
him
his
Opinion
about
the
Sacrament
of
the
Altar
,
and
Penance
,
but
he
said
,
He
had
written
his
mind
in
the
Paper
,
and
would
not
enter
into
Discourse
about
those
things
further
?
Whereupon
he
was
remanded
to
the
Tower
.
Not
long
after
the
Councel
set
again
,
and
he
was
sent
for
before
them
;
when
as
before
the
Bishop
proffered
to
absolve
him
,
but
he
told
him
:
He
had
never
Trespassed
against
him
,
and
therefore
had
no
need
of
his
Absolution
,
and
when
they
told
him
that
unless
he
would
recant
,
they
would
condemn
him
as
a
Heretick
,
He
bid
them
do
as
they
thought
best
,
for
,
said
he
,
I
am
at
a
point
,
that
which
I
have
written
I
will
stand
to
it
to
the
death
;
and
afterwards
falling
upon
his
knees
he
lifted
up
his
hands
towards
Heaven
,
and
said
,
I
shrive
me
here
unto
thee
,
O
Eternal
and
ever-living
God
,
in
my
frail
Youth
I
offended
thee
,
O
Lord
,
by
Pride
,
Covetousness
,
Wrath
,
Vncleanness
,
and
many
men
have
I
hurt
in
my
anger
,
and
committed
many
other
horrible
Sins
,
for
which
good
Lord
I
ask
thee
forgiveness
;
and
so
with
tears
in
his
eyes
he
stood
up
,
and
turning
to
the
People
,
said
,
Lo
,
good
People
,
for
breaking
God's
Laws
and
his
holy
Commandments
they
never
yet
accused
me
,
but
for
their
own
Laws
and
Tradition
they
handle
me
most
cruelly
,
and
therefore
they
and
their
Laws
by
God's
promise
should
be
utterly
destroyed
;
after
which
they
proceeded
farther
to
examine
him
,
but
he
returned
such
Answers
to
all
their
Questions
,
as
made
many
wonder
at
his
Wisdom
,
yet
they
proceeded
to
read
the
Bill
of
Condemnation
against
him
as
a
Heretick
.
After
they
had
done
,
he
lifting
up
his
eyes
towards
Heaven
,
said
,
Lord
God
Eternal
,
I
beseech
thee
of
thine
infinite
mercy
to
forgive
my
Persecutors
,
after
which
he
was
sent
with
a
strict
Guard
to
the
Tower
.
The
cruel
handling
of
this
good
Lord
,
much
offended
not
only
the
Commons
,
but
many
of
the
Nobility
,
upon
which
the
Bishop
drew
up
an
Abjuration
in
his
name
,
and
caused
it
to
be
rumoured
,
that
he
had
recanted
his
Errors
,
and
closed
with
the
Church
;
but
that
was
soon
contradicted
by
his
own
hand-writing
;
he
had
not
been
in
the
Tower
above
a
Month
after
his
Condemnation
,
but
he
made
his
Escape
,
and
fled
into
Wales
,
where
he
continued
four
years
,
even
till
the
death
of
Henry
the
Fourth
;
but
then
Henry
the
Fifth
coming
to
the
Crown
,
the
Bishops
fo
far
solicited
him
,
that
he
offered
great
sums
of
money
to
any
that
could
apprehend
him
;
whereupon
either
for
Lucre
or
Spite
,
the
Lord
Powis
under
pretence
of
friendship
basely
betrayed
him
,
so
that
being
brought
up
to
London
,
the
Parliament
then
sitting
,
he
was
carried
before
the
House
of
Lords
,
who
upon
ruminating
the
former
proceedings
against
him
,
confirmed
the
Sentence
of
the
Bishops
,
That-like
a
Traytor
he
should
be
drawn
through
the
Streets
of
London
to
the
Gallows
,
in
Saint
Giles
in
the
Fields
,
and
there
hanged
,
and
afterwards
burnt
upon
the
Gallows
as
he
hung
,
which
Sentence
was
accordingly
put
in
Execution
;
but
the
Judgment
of
God
soon
overtook
Thomas
Arundel
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
his
Capital
Enemy
,
who
condemned
him
,
for
his
Tongue
swelling
in
his
mouth
,
he
could
not
swallow
any
Food
,
and
so
was
starved
to
death
.
The
Lord
Cobham
suffered
Martyrdom
,
Anno
1417
,
he
was
a
man
of
singular
Piety
,
descended
of
a
Noble
and
Ancient
Family
,
a
man
of
such
strength
and
courage
,
that
few
durst
encounter
him
,
and
greatly
beloved
by
his
Prince
,
for
the
singular
Services
he
had
done
him
in
the
Wars
,
until
such
time
as
the
Bishops
traduced
him
,
and
turned
him
out
of
favour
.
The
Life
of
JOHN
FRITH
.
JOhn
Frith
was
born
at
Westrum
in
Kent
,
being
brought
up
by
his
Parents
to
Learning
,
he
so
profited
,
that
he
soon
became
excellently
skilled
in
the
Latin
and
Greek
Tongues
,
and
then
going
to
Cambridge
,
he
met
with
William
Tindal
,
of
whom
he
learned
many
things
conducing
to
saving
Knowledge
;
but
by
publishing
his
Opinion
,
he
fell
into
the
displeasure
of
Cardinal
Woolsey
,
who
notwithstanding
his
favouring
him
before
,
caused
him
with
several
others
to
be
put
into
a
dark
Prison
or
Cave
,
where
salt-Fish
was
wont
to
be
kept
,
the
smell
of
which
so
annoyed
them
,
that
some
of
them
dyed
;
but
in
a
short
time
after
,
Frith
making
friends
to
the
Cardinal
,
he
was
set
at
Liberty
,
and
to
avoid
the
Storm
that
then
threatned
the
Professors
of
the
Gospel
,
he
went
beyond
Sea
,
where
staying
two
years
,
he
again
returned
to
England
,
when
coming
to
Reading
,
he
was
taken
up
as
a
Vagabond
,
and
there
imprisoned
and
put
in
the
Stocks
till
such
time
as
he
sent
for
the
School-Master
of
the
Town
,
who
finding
him
to
be
a
man
of
great
Learning
,
procured
his
Inlargement
.
A
while
after
,
Sir
Thomas
Moore
being
Lord
Chancellor
,
and
hearing
of
his
return
,
offered
a
large
sum
of
money
to
any
one
that
could
apprehend
him
,
upon
which
a
Taylor
,
one
of
his
former
Acquaintance
,
betrayed
him
,
under
pretence
of
concealing
him
in
his
House
,
when
being
apprehended
he
was
committed
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
,
where
he
was
often
visited
by
Gardiner
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Moor
,
who
perswaded
him
to
recant
his
Opinions
,
but
he
absolutely
refused
,
plainly
shewing
them
,
that
what
he
held
or
had
preached
,
was
according
to
the
word
of
God
;
he
also
disputed
with
Sir
Thomas
Moor
,
both
by
Writing
,
and
Word
of
Mouth
,
using
such
convincing
Arguments
,
that
he
so
far
wrought
upon
Archbishop
Cranmer
,
that
he
afterwards
confessed
that
he
took
his
first
Light
of
Reformation
from
Mr.
Frith
.
A
while
after
at
the
Instigation
of
one
of
the
King's
Chaplains
,
set
on
by
Gardiner
,
he
was
ordered
to
be
heard
before
the
Archbishop
and
the
Lord
Cromwel
,
who
very
unwillingly
undertook
the
charge
,
as
being
both
favourers
of
the
Reformed
Religion
;
but
at
last
by
the
King
's
strict
Order
,
the
Commissioners
sat
at
Craydon
,
whither
Mr.
Frith
was
brought
by
one
of
the
Bishop's
Gentlemen
,
and
his
Porter
,
who
by
the
way
counselled
him
to
run
away
from
them
,
and
they
would
willingly
suffer
it
,
but
he
refused
,
saying
,
That
if
they
went
away
and
left
him
alone
,
he
would
come
to
Craydon
himself
,
and
appear
before
the
Bishop
.
So
on
they
went
,
and
he
the
next
Morning
was
brought
before
the
Commissioners
,
where
he
so
well
defended
his
Opinions
by
Proofs
out
of
the
Scriptures
and
Fathers
,
that
all
that
heard
him
admired
his
quick
Apprehension
,
and
so
well
he
quoted
Saint
Augustin
to
his
purpose
,
that
Dr.
Heath
whispering
to
the
Archbishop
,
told
him
,
that
his
Allegations
out
of
Saint
Augustin
could
not
be
denied
;
yet
was
he
after
all
delivered
to
Stoksly
,
Bishop
of
London
,
who
calling
him
before
him
into
his
Consistory
,
without
any
regard
to
the
Scriptures
,
Saint
Augustin
,
or
any
other
of
the
Fathers
,
condemned
him
,
and
committed
him
to
the
Sheriffs
of
London
;
to
be
burnt
as
an
Heretick
.
When
he
came
into
Smithfield
,
the
place
appointed
for
his
Martyrdom
,
he
with
an
undaunted
courage
went
to
the
Stake
,
where
he
was
no
sooner
fastned
,
but
the
fire
was
kindled
,
in
which
he
continued
till
the
last
with
such
Constancy
and
Patience
,
that
many
were
converted
by
his
Death
,
and
began
to
pray
to
God
to
receive
his
Soul
;
but
Dr.
Cook
forbid
them
,
saying
,
They
ought
to
pray
for
him
no
more
than
they
would
for
a
Dog
,
which
uncharitable
expression
made
many
blame
him
.
He
suffered
Martyrdom
for
the
sake
of
the
Gospel
,
Anno
Christi
1531.
he
wrote
many
Learned
Treatises
,
most
of
which
were
burnt
during
the
Reigns
of
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
and
Queen
Mary
,
and
some
of
them
were
saved
by
Miracle
,
as
I
may
say
,
for
on
Midsummer
Eve
,
Anno
1626.
a
Cod-fish
being
brought
into
Cambridge
Market
,
when
it
came
to
be
cut
up
,
these
following
Writings
of
John
Frith
were
found
in
its
belly
,
wrapped
up
in
Canvas
,
which
were
afterwards
Printed
to
the
rejoycing
of
all
good
Christians
,
viz.
A
Preparation
for
Death
.
A
Preparation
to
the
Cross
.
The
Treasure
of
Knowledge
:
A
Mirror
to
know
your self
.
A
Brief
Instruction
to
teach
one
willingly
to
dye
,
and
not
to
fear
Death
.
Now
had
any
such
thing
hap'ned
relating
to
the
Papists
,
the
Party
that
wrote
them
had
not
only
been
canonized
,
but
the
Miracle
been
trumpeted
throughout
Christendom
.
The
Life
of
WILLIAM
TINDAL
.
WIlliam
Tindal
was
born
in
Wales
,
from
whence
(
after
he
had
received
such
Learning
as
qualified
him
for
higher
Schools
)
he
was
sent
to
Oxford
,
where
he
gave
his
mind
wholly
to
the
study
of
Divinity
,
and
often
took
upon
him
to
instruct
his
Fellows
in
the
Knowledge
of
the
Scriptures
,
often
expounding
to
them
the
most
difficult
places
.
After
he
had
greatly
profited
in
that
University
,
and
taken
his
Degree
,
he
departed
thence
for
Cambridge
,
and
having
stayed
there
some
time
,
he
went
into
Glocestershire
,
and
there
lived
with
one
Mr.
Welch
,
and
became
Tutor
to
his
Children
;
to
this
Gentleman's
house
several
of
the
Popish
Doctors
frequently-resorted
,
with
whom
Mr.
Tindal
had
many
Disputes
,
and
always
worsted
them
,
which
did
not
a
little
encrease
their
hatred
against
him
;
during
his
being
there
he
translated
a
Book
,
called
,
Enchiridon
Militis
Christiani
,
the
which
he
presented
to
Mr.
Welch
and
his
Lady
,
who
reading
,
and
duely
weighing
what
was
therein
contained
,
they
began
to
slight
the
Popish
Priests
,
and
not
to
entertain
them
so
friendly
as
they
were
wont
,
the
which
the
Priests
attributed
to
Mr.
Tindal
,
and
thereupon
fell
to
railing
against
him
,
and
used
all
their
endeavours
to
ensnare
him
;
insomuch
that
they
suborned
several
of
their
Novices
to
accuse
him
to
the
Vice-Chancellor
,
who
upon
their
Accusations
sent
for
him
,
and
after
having
railed
at
him
the
space
of
an
hour
,
there
being
no
proof
of
any
Crime
that
was
laid
to
his
charge
,
he
dismissed
him
.
Within
a
while
after
Mr.
Tindal
chanced
to
happen
into
the
Company
of
a
Popish
Priest
,
who
was
reputed
to
be
a
man
of
great
Learning
,
with
whom
he
falling
into
some
Discourse
,
he
at
last
so
non-plussed
him
,
by
proving
out
of
Scripture
,
that
the
Pope's
Laws
were
contrary
for
the
most
part
to
the
Laws
of
God
,
that
the
blasphemous
Wretch
bursting
out
into
a
great
rage
,
said
,
We
had
better
be
without
God's
Laws
,
than
the
Popes
,
to
which
Mr.
Tindal
(
being
fired
with
Zeal
for
the
honour
of
the
Lord
of
Hoast
)
replied
,
I
defie
the
Pope
and
all
his
Laws
,
and
will
if
God
spares
my
Life
,
within
these
few
years
cause
a
Boy
that
drives
the
Plough
,
to
know
more
of
the
Scripture
than
you
do
,
&c.
A
while
after
the
Papists
so
eagerly
prosecuted
him
,
that
he
was
obliged
,
though
much
against
the
will
of
Mr.
Welch
,
to
leave
his
House
,
and
then
indeavoured
to
get
into
the
Service
of
the
Bishop
of
London
,
but
failing
therein
,
he
betook
himself
to
a
retired
Life
,
and
translated
the
New
Testament
into
English
,
but
at
last
being
noted
by
the
Papists
he
thought
good
to
depart
for
Germany
,
the
which
he
did
by
the
Assistance
of
one
Humphrey
Mounmouth
a
Merchant
,
where
being
arrived
,
he
met
with
John
Frith
,
&
had
afterwards
many
conferences
with
him
,
and
conceiving
that
the
greatest
cause
of
Error
in
the
People
,
was
by
reason
the
Scriptures
were
in
an
unknown
Tongue
,
and
therefore
understood
but
by
a
few
;
he
translated
the
five
Books
of
Moses
,
with
Expositions
to
such
Places
as
were
doubtful
,
which
he
caused
to
be
Printed
together
with
the
New
Testament
,
of
which
he
sent
as
many
as
he
could
conveniently
into
England
,
by
reading
of
which
the
People
plainly
discerned
the
Popish
Errors
that
had
been
brought
into
the
Church
.
A
while
after
he
went
into
the
Dukedom
of
Saxony
,
where
he
often
conversed
with
Luther
,
and
his
Associates
,
and
then
coming
into
Flanders
,
he
resided
at
Antwerp
,
where
he
wrote
several
Treatises
of
Faith
;
as
also
two
Books
,
one
intituled
,
the
wicked
Mammon
the
other
,
the
Practice
of
Prelates
,
together
●●th
some
Expositions
upon
Scripture
,
and
Answers
to
the
Writings
of
Sir
Thomas
Moor
,
which
Works
of
his
so
inlightened
the
English
Nation
,
that
the
Gospel
began
to
be
taught
in
many
places
;
another
Book
he
wrote
of
the
Declaration
against
the
Popish
Sacrament
,
and
against
the
Mass
,
these
things
greatly
exasperated
the
Popish
Clergy
;
insomuch
that
when
his
New
Testament
came
abroad
,
some
of
them
said
,
There
were
a
thousand
Heresies
in
it
,
others
,
that
it
could
not
be
properly
translated
into
English
,
and
telling
their
minds
more
plain
,
said
,
It
was
not
fit
the
Laity
should
have
it
in
their
Mother
Tongue
;
whereupon
they
so
far
prevailed
with
the
King
,
that
he
published
a
Proclamation
,
forbidding
any
Person
under
a
great
penalty
,
to
buy
one
or
suffer
one
to
be
kept
in
his
house
,
nor
did
their
Malice
stop
there
,
but
having
suborned
one
Henry
Philips
,
they
sent
him
to
Antwerp
with
great
sums
of
money
,
with
which
he
so
bribed
the
Emperour's
Attorney
,
that
he
sent
two
Ruffians
to
apprehend
Tindal
,
who
was
no
sooner
brought
before
him
,
but
he
sent
him
to
the
Castle
of
Filford
,
eighteen
miles
from
Antwerp
,
seizing
upon
all
his
Books
and
Writings
,
and
what
ever
they
could
find
in
his
lodgings
.
The
English
Merchants
,
that
were
at
Antwerp
,
hearing
of
his
Imprisonment
,
became
Suitors
for
his
Deliverance
,
but
in
vain
;
for
Philips
,
with
his
Mony
prevailed
beyond
their
Intreaties
;
so
that
he
being
at
last
brought
to
his
Answer
,
altho
they
could
lay
nothing
justly
to
his
charge
,
yet
the
Attorney
proceeded
to
condemn
him
,
and
delivered
him
to
the
Magistrates
,
in
order
to
execute
him
.
When
he
was
brought
to
the
Stake
,
he
cryed
with
an
audible
voice
,
Lord
,
open
the
Eyes
of
the
King
of
England
.
And
then
being
strangled
by
the
Hangman
,
fire
was
set
to
the
Wood
,
and
he
con●●med
to
Ashes
,
suffering
Martyrdom
,
anno
Christi
,
1536.
When
within
a
short
time
after
,
the
just
Judgment
of
God
overtook
Philips
,
who
betrayed
him
,
insomuch
that
he
was
eaten
up
with
Lice
.
The
Life
of
PAUL
FAGIUS
.
PAul
Fagius
was
born
in
the
Dominions
of
the
Prince
Palatine
of
the
Rhine
,
whose
Parents
being
but
of
mean
condition
,
he
was
first
educated
under
his
Father
,
who
kept
a
School
;
and
afterwards
sent
to
Heidelberg
,
where
he
greatly
profited
in
Learning
:
and
from
thence
at
eighteen
years
of
age
he
went
to
Strasburg
,
where
he
taught
School
,
as
likewise
followed
his
studying
Divinity
;
so
that
growing
famous
,
he
at
length
associated
himself
with
Capito
,
Hedio
,
Bucer
,
Zellius
,
and
other
Learned
and
Godly
Ministers
of
the
Reformed
Church
:
and
in
a
while
after
he
married
,
and
was
called
to
the
Ministry
at
Isna
;
but
the
Study
of
the
Tongues
being
most
famous
at
Strasburg
,
by
reason
of
the
resort
of
a
number
of
exiled
Ministers
,
he
resolv'd
to
go
thither
,
and
there
continued
to
read
Hebrew
to
those
that
would
hear
him
:
and
at
other
times
he
used
to
expound
the
Scriptures
:
but
had
not
continued
there
long
before
he
was
called
to
his
Pastoral
Charge
of
Isna
;
in
which
he
officiated
for
the
space
of
five
years
,
and
there
being
assisted
by
Elias
Levita
,
the
famous
Jew
,
whom
he
sent
for
from
Venice
,
he
translated
several
Books
out
of
Hebrew
,
and
set
up
a
Press
to
Print
the
same
;
and
so
continued
till
the
Plague
broke
out
;
nor
then
did
he
fly
from
his
Charge
,
but
exhorted
the
rich
to
be
liberal
to
the
poor
,
and
distributed
their
Bounty
with
his
own
hands
,
as
he
saw
occasion
,
going
from
House
to
House
to
see
who
lacked
,
even
when
the
Contagion
raged
highest
;
so
that
it
was
counted
by
some
miraculous
,
that
he
escaped
.
In
the
Year
1542
,
the
Pastorship
of
Wolfgang
,
at
Strasburg
,
having
,
by
reason
of
his
death
,
continued
vacant
for
the
space
of
a
year
,
the
Inhabitants
sent
Messengers
to
desire
him
to
come
thither
,
and
to
take
the
place
upon
him
,
which
he
accordingly
did
.
First
for
two
years
and
afterwards
being
so
in
love
with
his
Doctrine
,
they
by
using
their
utmost
endeavours
,
perswaded
him
to
stay
two
other
years
.
About
the
time
when
the
War
broke
out
in
Germany
,
Prince
Frederick
,
Elector
of
the
Palatinate
,
intending
to
reform
the
Churches
within
his
Dominions
,
sent
for
Fagius
,
as
well
knowing
him
to
be
a
man
,
not
only
eloquent
,
but
of
great
Learning
;
where
he
was
no
sooner
come
,
but
had
a
place
appointed
him
at
Heidleberg
to
preach
,
and
instruct
the
people
,
where
,
during
his
residence
,
he
published
many
Books
,
which
were
very
advantageous
to
such
as
studied
the
Hebrew
Tongue
,
by
which
he
growing
yet
more
famous
,
Bucer
,
Peter
Martyr
and
Hedio
thought
fit
to
entertain
him
as
their
companion
in
reading
Divinity-Lectures
.
But
the
War
increasing
,
and
the
Emperor
getting
the
upper
hand
of
the
Protestant
Princes
,
the
progress
of
Religion
was
hindered
,
and
an
Edict
set
forth
for
the
banishing
the
Ministers
of
the
Gospel
,
amongst
whom
Fagius
and
Bucer
went
together
,
as
partners
in
joy
or
sorrow
;
but
before
they
departed
out
of
the
Empire
,
a
Messenger
was
sent
out
of
England
by
Archbishop
Cranmer
,
to
fetch
them
over
,
that
they
might
be
aiding
in
establishing
the
Reformed
Religion
,
King
Edward
the
Sixth
then
reigning
.
Nor
was
their
coming
fruitless
,
for
they
,
by
their
unwearied
Endeavours
,
confirmed
many
that
were
wavering
.
In
fine
,
Cranmer
set
them
to
translate
the
Old
and
New
Testament
after
the
exactest
manner
,
with
brief
Notes
upon
the
hardest
places
,
the
which
they
undertook
:
but
e'er
it
was
finished
,
Fagius
died
of
a
Burning
Fever
;
or
as
some
say
,
was
poisoned
by
the
Papists
;
so
that
anno
1550
,
he
was
intombed
at
Cambridge
,
from
whence
,
in
the
Reign
of
Queen
Mary
,
the
Papists
(
having
condemn'd
him
for
a
Heretick
)
took
his
Bones
,
and
burnt
them
.
A
poor
,
but
malicious
Revenge
.
The
Life
of
MARTIN
BUCER
.
MArtin
Bucer
was
a
German
by
birth
,
being
born
at
Seles●ade
in
Alsatia
,
anno
1491
,
and
was
in
his
Non-age
put
into
the
Monastery
of
the
Dominicans
,
where
having
profited
in
Learning
,
he
was
by
the
Prior
sent
to
Heidelberg
,
where
he
studied
Divinity
,
and
perfected
himself
in
the
Greek
and
Hebrew
Tongues
;
there
he
read
Luther
and
Erasmus's
Works
,
upon
which
he
began
to
disgust
Popery
.
And
at
that
time
an
offer
being
made
him
by
Prince
Frederick
,
he
became
his
Chaplain
,
renouncing
and
detesting
against
Popish
Idolatries
:
he
likewise
often
preached
at
Heidleberg
.
Whilst
he
staid
there
,
Luther
came
to
that
City
,
and
preached
several
Sermons
,
disputing
against
Popery
,
and
also
against
Free
Will
;
by
which
Bucer
greatly
profited
:
and
from
that
time
forth
he
began
to
dispute
openly
against
the
Popish
Religion
in
every
place
where
he
came
;
insomuch
that
the
Monks
and
Friars
(
fearing
that
his
Doctrine
might
stir
the
people
up
to
turn
them
out
of
their
holes
to
work
for
their
Livings
,
which
above
all
things
they
most
abhorred
)
laid
wait
for
his
life
several
times
;
but
God
still
preserved
his
Servant
.
But
he
finding
himself
in
danger
,
departed
from
that
place
,
and
after
some
time
to
Strasburg
;
where
he
no
sooner
came
,
but
he
was
appointed
to
preach
in
a
Church
,
and
read
in
the
Divinity-School
:
and
a
while
after
the
Reformed
Ministers
,
viz.
Capito
,
Hedio
,
Zellius
,
Niger
,
Pollio
,
Latomus
,
Firu
,
Hag
and
Bucer
published
their
Reasons
,
why
they
had
changed
the
Mass
into
the
Lord's
Supper
;
which
Book
they
dedicated
unto
Prince
Frederick
,
upon
consideration
of
which
,
the
Magistrates
of
Strasburg
banished
Popery
out
of
their
City
.
A
while
after
,
Bucer
disputed
with
the
Popish
Doctors
at
Auspurg
,
and
proved
their
Religion
false
,
out
of
the
New
Testament
:
so
that
his
Fame
spreading
wide
,
he
was
sent
for
by
the
Inhabitants
of
Vlm
,
to
come
and
reform
their
Churches
;
where
he
arriving
,
met
with
Occolampadius
;
they
together
so
instructed
the
people
,
and
set
things
in
so
good
order
,
that
the
Churches
flourished
in
the
truth
for
many
years
after
.
By
this
time
his
Enemies
had
spread
abroad
a
false
rumor
,
that
he
had
forsaken
his
New
Doctrine
,
and
made
his
Recantation
:
to
clear
which
,
he
went
to
Zurick
,
and
there
in
the
full
Assembly
he
confessed
his
Faith
and
Doctrine
.
Not
long
after
,
he
went
with
some
of
his
Brethren
to
Ratisbone
,
and
there
held
a
dispute
against
Eccius
,
and
several
of
the
Popish
Bishops
,
assembled
there
for
that
purpose
.
A
while
after
,
the
Emperor
perceiving
the
Pope
neglected
to
call
a
Council
,
he
assembled
some
of
the
moderatest
of
the
Protestant
Divines
,
as
Agricola
,
Melancthon
,
Brentius
and
others
,
and
commanded
them
to
draw
up
a
set
form
of
Religion
,
which
they
did
,
but
Bucer
being
sent
for
by
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
refused
to
sign
the
same
,
alledging
that
there
were
Popish
Doctrines
contained
in
it
.
As
likewise
several
others
refused
to
sign
it
upon
the
same
account
,
which
so
inraged
the
Emperor
,
that
he
cast
several
of
them
into
prison
;
but
Bucer
escaped
his
hands
,
tho
not
without
great
peril
.
And
in
a
short
time
after
was
sent
for
into
England
by
Archbishop
Cranmer
,
who
upon
his
arrival
provided
a
House
for
him
at
Cambridge
,
and
allowed
him
two
hundred
Crowns
per
annum
;
where
he
undertook
with
Fagius
,
as
is
aforesaid
,
the
Translation
of
the
Bible
;
but
by
reason
of
the
change
of
air
and
diet
,
he
within
a
year
after
his
coming
over
,
fell
sick
,
continuing
so
for
some
months
,
but
in
the
end
recovering
,
he
taught
in
the
Schools
,
and
read
Lectures
in
his
own
House
,
but
not
taking
care
of
himself
,
he
fell
again
into
a
Relapse
the
next
day
after
he
had
commenced
Doctor
of
Divinity
.
During
his
sickness
many
Learned
Men
came
to
visit
him
,
but
especially
Doctor
Bradford
,
who
one
day
as
he
was
taking
leave
of
him
to
go
preach
,
he
told
him
that
he
would
remember
him
in
his
Prayers
,
whereupon
Bucer
with
tears
in
his
eyes
,
said
,
Cast
me
not
off
,
O
Lord
,
now
in
my
old
age
,
when
strength
faileth
me
.
And
a
while
after
he
said
,
He
hath
afflicted
me
sore
;
but
he
will
never
,
never
cast
me
off
.
And
being
desired
to
arm
himself
with
faith
,
and
a
stedfast
hope
in
God's
Mercies
against
the
Temptations
of
Satan
,
He
said
,
I
am
wholly
Christ's
,
and
the
Devil
has
nothing
to
do
with
me
;
and
God
forbid
that
I
should
not
now
have
experience
of
the
sweet
consolation
in
Christ
.
And
thereupon
with
a
smiling
countenance
he
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
and
was
interred
very
nobly
by
the
Commandment
of
the
King
.
But
in
Queen
Mary's
time
his
Bowels
being
taken
up
,
they
were
burnt
together
with
Fagius's
.
He
died
anno
Christi
,
1550.
The
Life
of
JOHN
ROGERS
.
JOhn
Rogers
,
an
English
Man
by
birth
,
and
born
of
Protestant
Parents
.
In
his
youth
he
was
educated
at
the
University
of
Cambridge
,
where
he
learn'd
the
Tongues
,
and
grew
very
expert
in
Learning
;
and
being
well
grounded
in
Divinity
,
he
was
chosen
by
some
Merchants
to
go
with
them
,
as
their
Chaplain
,
to
Antwerp
;
where
he
no
sooner
arrived
,
but
he
met
Tindal
,
who
was
fled
thither
out
of
England
,
where
he
likewise
brought
him
acquainted
with
several
Divines
of
the
Reformed
Churches
,
with
whom
he
had
many
Disputes
,
and
was
so
inlightened
by
their
Doctrine
,
that
he
was
ever
after
out
of
love
with
the
Popish
Religion
,
joyning
with
the
Ministers
in
translating
the
Bible
:
he
there
likewise
married
a
Wife
,
and
then
went
to
Wintenberg
,
where
he
so
perfectly
learned
the
Dutch
Tongue
,
that
he
was
chosen
Teacher
of
a
Congregation
,
where
he
faithfully
performed
his
Charge
,
till
such
time
as
King
Edward
the
Sixth
began
his
Reign
;
and
then
he
was
sent
for
home
by
Doctor
Ridley
,
Bishop
of
London
,
and
by
him
made
a
Prebend
of
Pauls
,
where
he
preached
the
Gospel
till
the
beginning
of
Bloody
Queen
Mary's
Reign
;
yet
in
those
dangerous
times
he
did
not
spare
to
exhort
the
people
to
adhere
to
the
Gospel
and
Doctrine
they
had
received
,
and
not
to
worship
stocks
and
stones
,
as
they
had
formerly
done
.
And
so
went
on
to
lay
open
the
wicked
practises
of
the
Popish
Clergy
,
which
so
nettled
them
,
that
they
went
and
complained
to
the
Council
,
whereupon
he
was
the
next
day
sent
for
,
where
he
no
sooner
came
,
but
Gardiner
,
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
(
and
then
Lord
Chancellor
of
England
)
fell
to
railing
at
him
,
calling
him
Impostor
,
Traitor
and
Heretick
;
and
so
charging
him
he
should
preach
no
more
,
he
was
dismissed
.
Within
a
while
after
,
the
Queen
put
out
a
Proclamation
against
preaching
the
Gospel
,
after
the
wonted
manner
,
she
having
again
introduced
Popery
;
but
Doctor
Rogers
fearing
to
disobey
God
more
than
man
,
could
not
be
silent
,
but
like
a
true
Shepherd
fed
his
Flock
with
spiritual
Food
,
by
preaching
as
formerly
;
for
which
he
being
again
brought
before
the
Council
,
Gardiner
sent
him
prisoner
to
Winchester
House
;
from
whence
,
within
a
day
or
two
he
was
sent
for
by
the
Council
the
third
time
;
but
notwithstanding
he
begged
,
that
he
might
speak
for
himself
,
and
justifie
his
Doctrine
,
they
would
by
no
means
permit
him
;
but
after
many
abusive
words
given
him
,
they
remanded
him
to
prison
,
where
he
wrote
a
consolary
Letter
to
his
Friends
;
in
which
he
exhorted
them
,
To
be
stedfast
,
and
to
fight
courageously
under
the
Banner
of
their
great
Captain
,
the
Lord
Jesus
,
against
their
spiritual
Enemies
;
and
that
now
it
was
no
time
to
be
faint-hearted
,
but
freely
to
stand
to
the
Profession
of
the
Gospel
,
and
seal
it
with
blood
,
which
he
was
ready
at
all
times
to
do
.
After
which
he
admonished
them
to
be
careful
of
his
Wife
and
Children
.
The
next
day
he
was
brought
again
before
the
Council
,
as
likewise
the
day
following
,
where
he
was
treated
with
nothing
but
ill
Language
,
which
plainly
demonstrated
they
sought
his
Life
;
for
upon
his
refusing
to
recant
,
without
suffering
him
to
make
his
defence
,
Gardiner
read
his
Sentence
,
which
was
,
That
he
being
a
notorious
Heretick
,
should
be
carried
into
Smithfield
,
and
there
burnt
.
After
which
they
proceeded
to
degrade
him
;
and
they
delivered
him
up
to
the
Secular
Power
,
in
order
to
his
Execution
,
declaring
that
he
was
under
the
great
Curse
,
and
that
it
was
a
dangerous
matter
to
eat
or
drink
with
him
,
or
give
him
any
thing
;
for
that
as
many
as
did
so
were
liable
to
the
effects
of
the
said
Curse
.
To
which
Doctor
Rogers
with
a
smiling
countenance
said
,
Well
,
my
Lords
,
here
I
stand
before
God
and
you
,
and
all
this
honorable
Audience
,
and
take
him
to
witness
,
that
I
never
wittingly
,
nor
willingly
taught
any
false
Doctrine
;
and
therefore
have
I
a
good
Conscience
before
God
and
all
good
men
.
I
am
sure
that
you
and
I
(
meaning
Gardiner
)
shall
come
before
a
righteous
Judge
,
before
whom
I
shall
be
as
good
a
Man
as
you
;
and
I
nothing
doubt
,
but
I
shall
then
be
found
a
true
Member
of
Jesus
Christ
,
and
be
everlastingly
saved
;
and
as
for
your
false
Church
,
you
need
not
to
have
excommunicated
me
out
of
it
;
for
I
have
not
lived
in
it
these
twenty
years
.
The
Lord
be
thanked
for
it
.
After
this
,
he
desired
that
his
Wife
and
Children
might
come
to
him
,
whilst
he
lived
.
But
Gardiner
would
by
no
means
consent
to
his
request
,
so
that
he
was
hurryed
to
Newgate
;
when
on
the
fourth
of
February
the
Keeper
came
to
him
,
and
told
him
,
he
must
prepare
for
his
Execution
:
at
which
he
not
being
at
all
concerned
,
tho
he
had
no
warning
before
;
only
said
,
Then
if
it
be
so
,
I
need
not
tie
my
Points
.
Yet
before
he
went
to
the
Flames
,
he
was
carried
before
Bonner
,
Bishop
of
London
,
who
earnestly
perswaded
him
to
recant
,
and
live
;
but
he
utterly
refused
life
upon
such
conditions
,
exhorting
such
as
stood
about
him
to
repent
and
cleave
fast
to
Christ
.
As
he
came
out
,
his
Wife
,
with
nine
small
Children
about
her
,
and
one
sucking
at
her
breast
,
waited
to
see
him
,
of
which
he
took
his
leave
,
bidding
them
trust
in
the
Lord
,
and
he
would
plentifully
provide
for
them
;
after
which
,
he
went
couragiously
to
the
Stake
,
and
with
admirable
patience
,
embraced
the
Flames
,
being
the
first
that
sealed
his
Testimony
with
his
blood
,
during
the
Reign
of
that
bloody
Queen
,
suffering
Martyrdom
,
Anno
Christi
1555.
he
was
a
man
of
singular
Eloquence
,
Learning
and
Wisdom
,
by
nature
charitable
and
pitiful
,
of
a
middle
stature
,
moderate
in
Diet
,
and
powerful
in
Prayer
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
LAWRENCE
SAUNDERS
.
LAwrence
Saunders
by
birth
an
English
man
,
in
his
Youth
he
was
put
to
Eaton
School
,
where
he
was
educated
till
he
was
fit
for
the
University
,
and
then
entered
in
King's
Colledge
in
Cambridge
,
where
being
of
an
Acute
Wit
,
he
out-stripped
most
of
his
fellow-Students
in
Learning
;
but
his
Father
dying
,
his
Mother
was
greatly
desirous
to
put
him
Apprentice
to
a
Merchant
,
which
though
much
against
his
will
,
she
did
,
viz.
to
Sir
William
Chesterfield
of
London
,
but
all
his
mind
ran
upon
Divine
Meditations
,
insomuch
that
when
the
other
Servants
were
at
merry
making
,
he
would
retire
in
private
,
and
be
either
at
his
Book
,
or
at
Prayers
,
the
which
his
Master
taking
notice
of
,
and
being
himself
a
godly
man
,
one
day
as
he
was
bewailing
his
Condition
in
his
Closet
,
his
Master
came
to
him
,
and
reasoned
with
him
,
and
in
fine
found
that
he
did
no
way
affect
a
Publick
life
,
but
rather
a
studious
and
retired
one
;
whereupon
after
he
had
made
his
Mother
acquainted
with
it
,
he
delivered
him
his
Indentures
,
and
discharged
him
of
his
Service
,
upon
which
he
shortly
after
returned
to
Cambridge
,
where
having
perfected
his
Study
in
Greek
and
Hebrew
,
he
began
more
earnestly
to
study
the
Holy
Scriptures
,
and
to
expound
such
Places
as
were
most
difficult
,
and
where
he
found
them
too
hard
for
him
,
he
required
the
Assistance
of
others
.
In
a
short
time
after
his
coming
thither
,
he
commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
and
in
the
beginning
of
King
Edward's
Reign
,
he
was
ordained
a
Minister
,
and
began
to
preach
the
Gospel
to
the
great
content
of
his
Hearers
;
not
long
after
he
married
,
and
then
by
his
favour
with
the
Bishop
he
obtained
the
Ministry
of
Lichfield
,
and
by
the
strictness
of
his
life
and
mild
behaviour
got
the
good
report
even
of
the
Papists
;
after
he
had
continued
there
with
good
success
,
by
God's
blessing
,
upon
his
Ministry
,
he
was
removed
to
Langhton
in
Leicestershire
,
where
he
soon
got
himself
the
like
Applause
,
and
then
being
desirous
to
live
in
London
,
where
he
might
have
the
better
opportunity
to
converse
with
learned
men
;
he
obtained
the
Vicarage
of
Alhollows
in
Bread-street
,
keeping
both
that
and
his
Country
Cure
,
to
the
content
of
both
places
,
till
such
time
as
God
permitted
Queen
Mary
to
come
to
the
Crown
,
but
then
being
desirous
to
part
with
that
in
the
Country
,
he
rode
thither
on
purpose
to
resign
it
into
the
hands
of
the
Donator
,
and
by
the
way
preaching
at
Northampton
,
he
perswaded
the
People
to
beware
of
relapsing
into
Popish
Errors
,
which
are
(
said
he
)
likely
again
to
over-run
this
Nation
,
as
a
just
punishment
,
by
reason
that
England
,
when
the
light
of
God's
Candle
shined
upon
her
,
had
such
little
regard
to
the
Gospel
,
and
true
preaching
of
God's
Word
.
At
which
Sermon
of
his
some
Papists
being
present
they
bitterly
complained
against
him
to
Bishop
Gardener
,
who
was
now
become
the
Queen's
Chief
Privado
,
upon
which
he
was
apprehended
,
and
for
some
time
kept
in
prison
,
but
at
the
Intercession
of
his
Brethren
,
who
were
Officers
in
the
Queens
Army
he
was
released
.
When
he
perceived
,
that
Anti-Christ's
Reign
over
England
was
again
at
hand
,
he
like
Moses
resolved
to
stand
in
the
Gap
,
although
to
the
hazard
of
his
life
,
and
thereupon
concluded
to
part
with
neither
of
his
Livings
,
but
preached
at
them
both
,
as
his
time
served
him
,
but
his
Friends
advised
him
to
fly
the
Storm
of
Persecution
that
was
imminent
,
yet
he
refused
it
,
resolving
like
the
good
Shepherd
,
to
live
and
die
with
his
Sheep
,
and
not
leave
them
to
the
mercy
of
the
Popish
Wolves
,
but
being
hindered
to
preach
in
the
Country
by
the
Papists
,
who
now
began
to
domineer
,
he
came
for
London
,
when
about
Barnet
he
being
overtaken
by
Mr.
Mordant
,
one
of
Queen
Mary's
Privy
Councillors
,
he
asked
him
whither
he
was
going
.
I
have
,
said
Mr.
Saunders
,
a
Cure
in
London
,
whither
I
am
going
to
instruct
my
People
according
to
the
Word
of
God
.
If
you
would
take
my
Counsel
,
said
Mordant
,
I
would
advise
you
to
desist
.
How
then
,
replied
Mr.
Saunders
,
shall
I
discharge
my
conscience
before
God
,
if
any
be
sick
and
desirous
of
consolation
,
or
if
any
want
good
Counsel
and
Instructions
,
or
if
any
should
fall
into
Error
and
receive
false
Doctrine
.
Then
Mordant
asked
him
if
he
did
not
preach
such
a
time
in
Bread-street
:
Yes
,
Sir
,
said
Mr.
Saunders
,
and
to
morrow
you
may
hear
me
there
again
,
where
I
will
confirm
by
God's
Word
all
that
I
have
taught
.
I
would
again
,
said
Mordant
,
counsel
you
to
forbear
.
To
which
Mr.
Saunders
replyed
,
If
you
will
forbid
me
by
lawful
authority
,
then
I
must
forbear
,
but
not
till
then
.
Nay
,
said
Mordant
,
I
will
not
forbid
you
,
and
they
parted
;
whereupon
this
spiteful
wretch
went
instantly
to
Bishop
Bonner
,
and
told
him
what
had
happened
;
yet
Mr.
Saunders
according
to
his
promise
preached
in
the
Morning
,
his
Text
being
this
,
I
am
jealous
over
you
with
a
godly
Jealousie
,
for
I
have
espoused
you
to
one
Husband
,
that
I
may
present
you
as
a
chaste
Virgin
to
Christ
;
but
I
fear
lest
by
any
means
,
as
the
Serpent
beguiled
Eve
through
his
Subtlety
,
so
your
minds
should
be
corrupted
from
the
simplicity
that
is
in
Christ
,
2
Cor.
11.2
.
In
the
Afternoon
he
came
again
,
but
then
Bonner
had
sent
his
Officers
to
hinder
him
,
who
accordingly
took
him
out
of
the
Church
,
and
carried
him
before
their
bloody
Master
,
who
charged
him
with
Treason
,
Heresie
,
and
many
other
false
Reproaches
,
telling
him
,
he
broke
the
Queen's
Proclamation
,
and
traduced
the
Sacrament
;
as
to
the
first
,
he
answered
,
that
he
thought
it
was
better
to
obey
God
than
Man
;
and
to
the
second
,
he
said
he
had
done
it
,
as
it
was
wont
in
the
Primitive
Church
;
but
the
Bishop
desirous
of
his
Blood
,
ordered
him
to
write
his
mind
about
Transubstantiation
,
which
he
did
,
saying
,
I
know
you
seek
my
blood
,
and
you
shall
have
it
,
and
I
pray
God
you
may
be
so
Baptized
in
it
,
that
you
may
hereafter
loath
blood-suckings
;
upon
which
Bonner
sent
him
to
Gardener
,
where
after
long
attendance
he
was
admitted
to
his
presence
,
who
asked
him
,
how
it
happened
that
notwithstanding
the
Queen's
Proclamation
,
he
had
dared
to
preach
,
to
which
Mr.
Saunders
replyed
,
That
seeing
such
dangerous
times
at
hand
,
his
conscience
obliged
him
,
and
that
he
was
bound
in
duty
to
admonish
his
Parishioners
to
be
steadfast
in
the
Faith
they
had
received
,
being
thoroughly
perswaded
in
his
conscience
,
that
it
was
better
to
obey
God
than
Man
;
your
Conscience
(
said
Gardener
)
a
goodly
Conscience
sure
:
This
your
Conscience
would
make
our
Queen
a
Bastard
,
would
it
not
?
We
declare
no
such
thing
,
said
Mr.
Saunders
,
but
for
that
,
let
them
take
care
whose
Writings
are
yet
abroad
to
testifie
the
same
,
not
without
great
shame
and
reproach
to
the
Author
.
This
he
said
,
because
that
Gardener
to
please
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
had
written
a
Treatise
,
and
caused
it
to
be
printed
,
wherein
he
declar'd
Queen
Mary
Illegitimate
,
and
then
proceeding
,
he
told
the
Bishop
that
he
had
done
no
Injury
,
unless
it
were
one
to
preach
God's
Word
,
according
to
the
purity
and
sincerity
of
the
Gospel
,
and
that
although
he
and
his
Brethren
were
forbidden
to
publish
it
with
their
Mouths
,
yet
he
doubted
not
but
that
they
were
ready
to
seal
it
with
their
Blood
;
whereupon
Gardener
remanded
him
to
prison
,
for
which
he
thanked
him
,
saying
,
that
now
he
had
appointed
him
a
place
to
rest
in
.
During
his
Imprisonment
he
wrote
to
his
Wife
and
Friends
,
after
this
manner
;
I
am
merry
,
and
I
trust
I
shall
be
so
,
mauger
the
teeth
of
all
the
Devils
in
Hell
Riches
I
have
none
to
bestow
amongst
you
,
but
that
Treasure
of
tasting
how
sweet
Christ
is
to
hungry
Consciences
(
whereof
I
thank
my
Saviour
I
do
feel
part
)
that
I
bequeath
to
you
,
and
to
the
rest
of
my
beloved
in
the
Lord
.
When
he
had
continued
in
prison
about
a
year
,
his
Friends
began
to
sue
for
his
release
,
the
which
when
he
heard
of
,
he
desired
them
to
desist
,
for
that
it
was
God's
pleasure
that
he
should
bear
witness
to
his
Testimony
even
to
the
death
:
A
while
after
he
was
brought
upon
his
Examination
,
where
they
offered
to
release
him
,
if
he
would
recant
,
to
which
he
replied
,
that
he
did
confess
Life
and
Liberty
were
things
desirable
,
but
that
he
would
not
murther
his
Conscience
to
save
his
Life
,
but
by
God's
Grace
,
said
he
,
I
will
abide
the
worst
extremity
that
man
can
do
against
me
,
rather
than
do
any
thing
against
my
Conscience
;
and
when
Gardener
threatned
him
with
death
,
he
said
,
Welcome
be
it
whatsoever
the
will
of
the
Lord
be
,
either
life
or
death
,
and
I
tell
you
truly
I
have
learned
to
dye
,
but
I
exhort
you
to
beware
of
shedding
innocent
blood
,
for
truly
it
will
cry
aloud
against
you
.
After
they
had
examined
him
,
they
proceeded
to
pass
Sentence
against
him
,
and
then
degrading
him
,
they
delivered
him
up
to
the
Sheriffs
to
execute
him
by
fire
,
when
after
a
year
and
three
Months
imprisonment
he
was
brought
to
the
Stake
,
the
which
he
first
embraced
,
and
afterwards
kissing
,
said
,
Welcome
Cross
of
Christ
,
welcome
everlasting
life
,
the
fire
by
the
malice
of
his
Enemies
being
made
of
green
wood
,
put
him
to
exquisite
torments
,
but
he
indured
them
with
a
Christian
patience
,
as
being
well
assured
when
his
fiery
tryal
was
at
an
end
,
he
should
receive
a
Crown
of
Life
that
fadeth
not
away
.
He
was
burnt
at
Coventry
,
Anno
Christi
1555.
one
thing
by
the
way
I
shall
not
think
amiss
to
insert
,
when
the
Nation
was
in
suspence
for
fear
of
Queen
Mary's
bringing
in
Popery
,
Mr
Saunders
being
in
company
with
Doctor
Pedleton
,
and
seeming
to
be
much
dejected
,
Pedleton
said
,
What
man
,
there
is
much
more
cause
for
me
no
fear
,
than
for
you
,
for
as
much
as
I
have
a
big
and
fat
Body
,
yet
will
I
see
the
utmost
drop
of
this
Grease
of
mine
melted
away
,
and
this
Flesh
consumed
with
fire
,
before
I
will
forsake
Jesus
Christ
and
his
Truth
which
I
have
professed
;
yet
when
Queen
Mary
came
to
the
Crown
,
he
turned
Apostate
.
By
which
we
may
see
how
weak
the
resolves
of
men
are
,
unless
God's
Holy
Spirit
assist
them
to
perform
and
enable
them
to
bear
Affliction
.
The
Life
of
JOHN
HOOPER
.
JOhn
Hooper
an
English
man
by
Birth
,
was
brought
up
at
the
University
of
Oxford
,
where
he
studied
Divinity
,
and
was
so
far
transported
with
the
love
of
the
Scriptures
,
that
he
would
read
them
Night
and
Day
,
many
Expositions
he
made
upon
the
doubtful
places
of
the
New
Testament
,
and
reconciled
Texts
which
seemingly
disagreed
.
Thus
his
Zeal
for
the
Word
of
God
got
him
hatred
amongst
the
haters
of
the
Gospel
,
especially
about
the
time
when
King
Henry
the
Eighth
caused
the
Six
Articles
to
be
published
,
but
especially
Dr.
Smith
so
persecuted
him
,
that
he
was
obliged
to
leave
the
University
,
and
betake
himself
to
be
Steward
to
Sir
Thomas
Arundel
,
with
whom
he
lived
in
good
credit
,
till
such
time
as
the
Papists
traduced
him
;
yet
Sir
Thomas
not
willing
to
part
with
him
,
endeavoured
to
perswade
him
to
turn
Papist
;
but
when
himself
could
not
prevail
,
he
sent
him
to
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
with
a
Letter
,
wherein
he
desired
the
Bishop
to
try
if
he
could
work
upon
him
,
but
all
in
vain
,
for
he
returned
such
Learned
Answers
,
that
he
non-plussed
the
Bishop
,
for
which
he
became
his
Enemy
ever
after
,
and
sought
by
sundry
means
to
intrap
him
;
whereupon
he
had
notice
sent
him
by
some
of
his
Friends
,
that
it
was
best
for
him
to
snift
for
his
safety
;
so
that
taking
such
necessaries
as
were
convenient
,
he
left
the
Kingdom
,
and
went
to
Paris
,
yet
within
a
while
he
re●●●ed
for
England
,
but
having
intelligence
that
his
life
was
still
sought
for
,
he
again
crossed
the
Seas
,
and
went
into
Germany
,
where
he
was
friendly
entertained
,
especially
by
Mr.
Bullinger
,
there
he
learned
the
perfection
of
the
Hebrew
Tongue
,
and
married
a
Burgonian
Gentlewoman
,
living
there
till
the
death
of
King
Henry
;
but
in
the
beginning
of
King
Edward's
Reign
,
he
with
many
others
returned
,
and
being
ready
to
depart
,
he
took
his
leave
of
Mr.
Bullinger
and
the
rest
,
giving
them
many
thanks
for
their
kindness
towards
him
,
telling
them
they
should
hear
of
him
from
time
to
time
;
But
as
for
the
last
News
,
said
he
,
I
shall
not
be
able
to
write
it
,
for
where
I
shall
take
most
pains
,
there
shall
you
hear
of
me
to
be
burnt
to
Ashes
,
which
Prophesie
exactly
came
to
pass
,
as
shall
hereafter
be
recited
.
When
he
came
to
London
he
had
a
Benefice
ordered
him
,
where
for
the
most
part
he
preached
twice
a
day
,
at
whose
Sermons
such
crouds
of
People
flocked
,
that
the
Church
could
not
contain
them
,
when
at
length
he
preaching
before
the
young
King
,
he
so
highly
approved
of
him
,
that
he
first
made
him
Bishop
of
Glocester
,
and
afterwards
of
Worcester
,
where
he
went
from
place
to
place
,
preaching
throughout
his
Diocess
,
insomuch
that
the
People
infinitely
loved
him
,
the
which
they
continued
to
the
last
.
In
the
beginning
of
Queen
Mary's
days
,
when
the
bloody
cloud
was
just
breaking
over
the
Nation
,
he
was
fetched
up
to
London
by
a
Pursivant
,
of
whose
coming
although
he
was
advertized
,
and
by
his
Friends
advised
to
make
his
Escape
,
yet
he
refused
it
,
saying
,
that
he
was
not
ashamed
of
his
Testimony
,
nor
would
he
abandon
Christ's
Cause
;
for
said
he
,
Once
I
must
confess
I
did
fly
,
but
being
called
to
this
Place
and
Vocation
,
I
am
resolved
to
stay
,
and
live
,
and
dy
with
my
Sheep
.
Being
brought
to
London
,
there
came
Orders
that
he
should
be
brought
before
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
who
greatly
exclaimed
against
him
,
giving
him
many
unbecoming
words
,
which
the
good
man
bore
with
admirable
patience
,
and
after
a
short
Examination
he
was
committed
to
the
Fleet
,
where
the
Warden
ordered
him
a
Bed
of
Straw
,
being
so
commanded
(
as
't
is
supposed
)
by
Gardener
,
and
he
likewise
lying
in
a
noysome
Chamber
,
within
a
short
time
fell
sick
,
when
calling
for
some
to
come
to
him
,
the
Warden
said
,
Let
him
alone
,
if
he
dy
,
there
will
be
a
good
riddance
of
him
,
such
villainous
hands
was
this
good
Bishop
fallen
into
.
Of
the
hard
usage
he
suffered
there
,
himself
wrote
an
Epistle
and
sent
it
to
his
Friends
.
A
while
after
Dr.
Hooper
was
brought
before
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
and
charged
as
a
Preacher
of
Sedition
and
Rebellion
,
as
likewise
of
being
guilty
of
many
Heresies
and
false
Assertions
,
to
which
he
made
such
a
Learned
Defence
,
that
all
that
heard
him
could
not
but
confess
that
he
was
a
man
of
great
Parts
,
yet
by
noise
and
tumult
they
often
interrupted
him
,
endeavouring
to
put
him
out
,
but
when
they
saw
they
could
not
prove
any
thing
against
him
(
yet
resolving
to
have
his
Life
)
they
pronounced
Sentence
against
him
,
and
then
proceeded
to
degrade
him
and
so
delivered
him
to
the
Sheriff
,
who
carried
him
to
the
Counter-Prison
in
Southwark
,
from
whence
a
while
after
he
was
removed
to
Newgate
,
when
in
the
way
the
Sheriff
said
,
Dr.
Hooper
,
why
was
you
so
rash
as
to
answer
my
Lord
Chancellor
so
hastily
,
it
might
have
happened
better
to
you
,
had
you
mollified
him
with
mild
Words
.
To
which
he
answered
,
I
spoke
nothing
unbeseeming
me
,
neither
was
I
impatient
,
though
I
was
earnest
in
my
Master's
Cause
,
and
it
stands
me
in
stead
so
to
be
,
for
it
goeth
upon
life
and
death
,
not
only
in
this
World
,
but
in
the
World
to
come
.
After
he
had
continued
Six
Days
in
Newgate
,
the
Keeper
brought
him
word
,
that
he
was
to
be
carried
to
Glocester
,
there
to
suffer
at
the
Stake
;
at
which
News
he
greatly
rejoyced
,
giving
praise
to
God
that
he
had
so
graciously
disposed
his
Enemies
hearts
,
to
carry
him
to
a
Place
where
he
had
so
faithfully
taught
,
that
there
he
might
seal
his
Doctrine
with
his
Blood
.
Then
came
to
him
several
of
the
Popish
Sadduces
,
as
Bonner
,
Harpsfield
,
and
others
,
to
intreat
him
to
accept
of
life
,
by
renouncing
his
former
Doctrine
,
and
making
his
Publick
Recantation
,
but
he
would
by
no
means
hearken
unto
them
,
saying
,
He
would
not
for
cowardly
fear
forsake
his
Lord
and
Master
,
but
be
stedfast
to
the
end
,
not
doubting
but
that
he
would
send
him
patience
and
strength
to
withstand
the
utmost
torments
their
rage
could
invent
.
Within
a
while
after
he
was
taken
out
of
Newgate
to
be
carried
to
Glocester
,
in
order
to
his
suffering
,
when
as
all
the
way
he
went
he
appeared
very
joyful
,
and
lying
one
Night
by
the
way
,
he
eat
his
Supper
with
a
merry
countenance
,
and
slept
without
the
least
trouble
;
for
why
,
he
was
all
peace
within
,
as
being
armed
with
a
good
Conscience
,
which
is
the
only
true
happiness
during
this
mortal
life
;
the
next
Morning
Sir
Anthony
Kingston
came
to
him
and
told
him
,
that
he
would
advise
him
to
submit
himself
to
the
Church
by
a
free
Recantation
,
for
,
says
he
,
Life
is
sweet
.
To
which
,
he
replied
,
But
the
death
to
come
is
more
bitter
,
and
the
life
to
come
far
sweeter
,
and
I
will
rather
dye
than
renounce
my
Lord
and
Master
.
Being
come
to
the
Verge
of
the
County
,
he
was
received
by
the
Sheriff
,
who
with
a
strong
Guard
conveyed
him
to
the
Place
of
Execution
,
being
met
by
many
thousands
of
People
,
who
much
bewailed
his
condition
,
and
sent
up
their
Prayers
to
Heaven
,
that
he
might
be
comforted
and
inabled
to
bear
his
sufferings
patiently
,
many
of
them
weeping
to
see
so
Reverend
a
Person
fallen
into
such
misery
;
but
he
comforted
them
,
and
told
them
,
That
he
was
unworthy
who
refused
to
suffer
reproach
or
death
for
the
sake
of
the
Lord
Jesus
,
who
refused
not
for
our
sakes
to
suffer
a
shameful
and
ignominious
death
upon
the
Cross
;
and
hereupon
he
began
to
exhort
them
to
be
stedfast
in
their
Faith
,
but
the
Popish
Varlets
would
not
suffer
him
to
proceed
.
Then
he
addressed
himself
to
the
Sheriff
,
saying
,
Sir
my
request
to
you
is
,
that
I
may
have
a
quick
fire
,
which
may
soon
dispatch
me
,
and
I
will
be
as
obedient
as
you
would
wish
,
I
might
have
had
my
life
with
great
advancement
,
as
to
temporal
things
,
but
I
am
willing
to
offer
my
life
for
the
Testimony
of
the
Truth
,
and
trust
to
dye
a
faithful
Servant
to
God
,
and
a
true
Subject
to
the
Queen
.
Then
the
Sheriff
told
him
that
he
had
strict
Orders
to
hinder
him
from
speaking
to
the
People
,
to
which
he
said
God's
will
be
done
,
and
then
kneeling
down
,
he
continued
in
fervent
Prayer
for
the
space
of
half
an
hour
with
an
exalted
and
joyful
countenance
,
and
then
rising
up
,
suffered
them
to
fasten
him
to
the
Stake
,
where
such
was
the
malice
of
his
Enemies
,
that
they
had
prepared
green
wood
,
yet
before
the
fire
was
kindled
,
a
Pardon
was
offered
,
if
he
would
recant
;
but
he
cryed
out
with
a
Christian
Zeal
,
If
you
love
my
Soul
,
away
with
it
,
and
then
three
Iron
Hoops
being
brought
to
fasten
him
to
the
Stake
,
he
said
,
If
you
had
brought
none
of
these
,
I
would
have
stood
patiently
,
and
thereupon
he
only
took
one
of
them
,
and
put
it
about
his
middle
.
When
the
Reeds
were
set
up
,
he
embraced
&
kissed
them
,
putting
them
under
his
Arms
,
where
he
had
two
Bags
of
Gunpowder
,
and
the
fire
being
kindled
,
he
continued
three
quarters
of
an
hour
in
the
fire
,
praying
,
and
often
crying
out
,
O
Jesus
thou
Son
of
David
,
have
mercy
upon
my
Soul
,
and
often
between
whiles
he
would
desire
them
to
let
the
fire
come
at
him
,
the
which
as
is
above
mentioned
,
being
made
of
green
Wood
,
consumed
all
his
lower
parts
,
when
as
the
upper
remained
untouched
,
yet
he
bore
it
patiently
,
not
in
the
least
complaining
of
his
Torments
,
as
being
past
doubt
supported
by
him
that
is
able
to
make
all
things
tolerable
;
thus
fell
this
blessed
Martyr
in
the
bloody
Persecution
under
Queen
Mary
,
Anno
Christi
,
1555.
Sealing
the
Doctrine
he
had
so
faithfully
taught
,
with
his
blood
.
The
Life
and
Martyrdom
of
ROLAND
TAYLOR
.
ROwland
Taylor
being
born
of
wealthy
Parents
,
was
brought
up
at
Cambridge
,
where
he
not
only
studied
Divinity
,
but
the
Civil
Law
;
so
that
in
a
short
time
he
grew
so
famous
,
that
Arch-bishop
Cranmer
entertained
him
as
his
head
Chaplain
,
where
he
lived
in
great
repute
till
the
middle
of
King
Edward
the
sixth's
Reign
,
when
he
was
prefered
to
be
Rector
of
Hadly
in
the
County
of
Suffolk
,
where
by
his
Preaching
and
Charitable
deeds
,
he
gained
the
high
Esteem
of
all
good
Christians
:
Yet
by
strongly
opposing
the
Popish
Idolatries
he
procured
to
himself
the
hatred
of
the
Papists
,
who
during
King
Edward's
time
,
hid
their
Malice
as
wanting
Power
to
vent
it
,
but
when
Queen
Mary
came
to
the
Crown
,
they
began
to
shew
their
Stings
,
and
boldly
spit
their
Poyson
against
the
Preachers
of
the
Gospel
.
About
the
time
that
she
put
out
a
Proclamation
for
the
restoring
the
Romish
Religion
,
one
Foster
a
notorious
Papist
and
others
of
his
Gang
,
procured
a
popish
Priest
to
come
and
say
Mass
in
the
Church
of
Hadly
,
when
upon
the
tolling
of
the
Bell
Dr.
Taylor
(
for
so
he
had
Commenced
)
went
to
the
Church
,
where
he
no
sooner
perceived
the
Priest
dressed
up
in
his
Superstitious
Trinkets
:
And
not
being
able
to
come
at
him
,
by
reason
he
was
surrounded
with
drawn
Swords
,
he
called
to
him
saying
;
Thou
Devil
incarnate
,
who
made
thee
so
Audacious
as
to
enter
this
Church
,
to
defile
and
prophane
it
with
thy
abominable
Idolatry
?
I
command
thee
thou
Popish
Wolf
in
the
name
of
God
to
depart
hence
,
and
not
to
Presume
thus
to
Poyson
the
flock
of
Christ
.
Then
said
Foster
to
Dr.
Taylor
:
Thou
Traytor
,
what
makes
you
come
hither
,
to
lett
and
disturb
the
Queens
Proceedings
?
To
which
he
replyed
,
I
am
no
Traytor
,
but
the
Shepherd
which
Christ
has
appointed
to
feed
this
his
Flock
,
with
spiritual
Food
;
and
therefore
I
have
good
Authority
to
be
here
?
Then
Foster
in
a
great
Rage
said
,
Wilt
thou
,
thou
Trayterous
Heretick
raise
a
Commotion
to
disturb
and
hinder
the
Queens
Proceedings
.
And
thereupon
they
forced
him
out
of
the
Church
,
and
the
Priest
went
on
with
his
Tale.
Within
a
while
after
Foster
sent
to
Gardener
to
rail
upon
,
and
grievously
complain
against
Dr.
Taylor
:
So
that
he
sent
down
his
Letters
to
apprehend
him
,
which
the
Doctor
having
notice
of
,
would
by
no
means
fly
tho
his
Wife
and
nearest
Relation
earnestly
perswaded
him
thereto
,
saying
;
That
he
had
done
enough
in
resisting
the
Priest
,
and
that
if
he
fell
into
the
hands
of
his
Enemies
,
he
must
expect
nothing
but
Imprisonment
,
or
cruel
Death
.
But
he
replyed
,
I
know
my
Cause
to
be
so
Good
and
Righteous
,
and
the
Truth
so
strong
on
my
side
,
that
I
will
by
Gods
Grace
appear
before
them
,
and
confirm
the
Doctrine
I
have
Preached
;
for
I
believe
that
I
shall
never
be
able
to
do
God
such
good
Service
as
now
,
and
that
I
shall
never
have
so
Glorious
a
Calling
,
nor
so
great
a
Mercy
of
God
proffered
me
as
now
:
Wherefore
pray
for
me
,
and
I
doubt
not
but
God
will
give
me
Strength
,
and
his
Holy
Spirit
that
all
my
Adversaries
shall
be
ashamed
of
their
doings
.
And
although
they
used
many
Arguments
,
and
importuned
him
to
fly
,
he
would
not
,
saying
farther
,
that
he
knew
God
would
never
leave
his
Church
;
although
for
a
time
he
suffer
her
to
be
afflicted
,
yet
he
would
again
restore
her
,
and
raise
up
such
a
Ministry
that
all
the
Power
of
Hell
and
Rome
should
never
be
able
to
put
to
Silence
.
Then
having
notice
that
the
Messenger
was
come
for
him
,
he
took
his
leave
of
his
Friends
,
and
went
with
him
to
London
:
where
being
admitted
into
the
presence
of
Gardener
,
who
then
was
not
only
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
but
likewise
Chancellor
of
England
:
Gardener
called
him
Knave
,
Heretick
,
and
Traytor
;
Demanding
if
he
knew
him
not
.
Yes
,
said
Dr.
Taylor
,
I
know
you
and
all
your
Greatness
,
yet
you
are
but
a
Mortal
man
,
and
if
I
should
be
afraid
of
your
Lordly
looks
,
why
fear
you
not
God
,
who
is
Lord
of
us
all
?
how
dare
you
for
Shame
look
any
Christian
man
in
the
Face
,
seeing
you
have
forsaken
the
Truth
,
denyed
our
Saviour
Christ
and
his
Word
,
and
Acted
contrary
to
your
own
Oath
and
Writing
?
with
what
Countenance
can
you
appear
before
the
Judgment
seat
of
Christ
,
and
Answer
for
your
Oath
,
first
made
to
King
Henry
the
eighth
,
next
to
Edward
the
sixth
,
which
you
have
now
Violated
and
broken
?
Tush
,
Tush
,
said
the
Bishop
,
those
were
Herod
's
Oaths
,
better
broken
then
kept
,
and
I
tell
thee
that
our
Holy
Father
the
Pope
has
dispensed
with
them
,
and
I
am
glad
I
am
come
home
again
,
into
the
Bosom
of
Mother
Church
,
and
so
I
would
have
thee
do
.
Should
I
,
said
Dr.
Taylor
,
forsake
Christ
by
leaving
that
Church
,
which
he
has
founded
by
his
Prophets
and
Apostles
,
to
approve
of
those
Lyes
,
Errors
,
Superstitions
,
and
Idolatries
,
that
are
most
Blasphemously
approved
of
by
you
?
God
forbid
.
Remember
my
Lord
you
once
wrote
truly
against
the
Pope
,
and
were
once
sworn
against
him
.
I
tell
thee
,
said
Gardener
,
that
was
Herod's
Oath
,
and
I
am
discharged
of
it
.
But
,
said
Dr.
Taylor
,
you
can
never
without
sincere
Repentance
be
discharged
of
it
before
Christ
.
I
see
,
replyed
Gardener
,
thou
art
an
Arrant
Knave
,
and
a
very
Fool
,
and
so
after
he
had
railed
at
him
,
as
long
as
he
thought
it
was
Convenient
,
he
Commanded
his
men
to
carry
him
to
the
Kings-Bench
,
and
there
order
his
close
Confinement
:
Whereupon
Dr.
Taylor
falling
upon
his
Knees
said
;
Good
Lord
I
thank
thee
,
and
from
the
Tyranny
of
the
Bishop
of
Rome
and
all
his
detestable
Errors
,
Good
Lord
deliver
us
.
When
he
came
to
the
Prison
,
it
so
happened
that
he
met
Mr.
Bradford
there
,
at
which
he
did
not
a
little
rejoyce
;
as
likewise
Mr.
Bradford
in
his
Company
,
both
rendring
Praises
to
God
,
who
had
upon
such
an
occasion
suffered
them
so
happily
to
meet
in
Order
to
the
Comforting
and
Supporting
each
other
in
their
Affliction
,
insomuch
that
when
Dr.
Taylor
wrote
to
his
Friends
,
he
sent
them
word
that
He
thanked
God
for
Providing
so
Graciously
for
him
,
in
so
ordering
it
by
his
Providence
,
that
he
had
been
sent
to
a
Prison
,
where
he
had
met
with
an
Angel
:
For
so
he
called
pious
Mr.
Bradford
.
During
this
Imprisonment
he
was
often
sent
for
,
and
Examined
,
touching
his
Faith
and
Doctrine
,
of
both
which
he
gave
such
an
ample
Testimony
grounded
upon
Scripture
,
and
the
Writings
of
the
Fathers
,
that
his
very
Enemies
could
not
but
Confess
he
was
a
man
of
great
Learning
,
yet
so
Bloody
was
their
Rage
against
the
servants
of
Christ
,
that
they
proceeded
to
Condemn
him
,
when
upon
their
reading
his
Sentence
he
told
them
;
That
God
the
Righteous
Judge
of
all
the
Earth
,
would
require
his
Blood
at
their
hands
,
and
that
the
most
insolent
amongst
them
should
repent
,
their
receiving
again
of
the
Pope
and
his
Supremacy
,
and
their
Wolfish
Tyranny
against
the
flock
of
Christ
.
A
while
after
his
Condemnation
,
Bishop
Bonner
came
to
degrade
him
,
bringing
with
him
all
the
Massing
Implements
,
and
Commanded
him
to
put
them
on
;
but
he
told
them
he
would
not
.
Then
said
Bonner
,
If
you
will
not
I
shall
make
you
ere
I
go
.
By
Gods
Grace
,
said
Dr.
Taylor
,
you
shall
not
.
Then
Bonner
charged
him
to
do
it
upon
his
obedience
.
But
upon
his
absolute
refusing
to
meddle
with
the
Superstitious
Trumpery
,
Bonner
Commanded
his
man
to
do
it
;
who
put
them
on
accordingly
.
Then
Dr.
Taylor
setting
his
Arms
to
his
sides
walked
a
turn
or
two
,
saying
:
Now
my
Lord
were
I
in
Cheapside
,
what
a
goodly
Fool
should
I
be
counted
,
would
not
the
very
Boys
laugh
at
these
Ridiculous
Toys
?
At
which
the
Bishop
being
angry
,
went
about
to
strike
him
,
but
his
Chaplain
desired
him
not
,
saying
,
That
he
would
surely
strike
again
.
Yes
by
my
Faith
,
said
Dr.
Taylor
,
wou'd
I
,
for
the
Cause
is
Christs
,
and
I
were
no
good
Christian
if
I
would
not
fight
in
my
Masters
quarrel
.
Then
the
Bishop
not
daring
to
proceed
farther
Cursed
him
,
and
departed
.
To
which
Dr.
Taylor
replyed
,
Though
you
do
Curse
me
,
yet
God
does
bless
me
.
The
night
before
his
being
carried
to
Hadly
to
be
burned
,
his
Wife
,
Children
,
and
Servants
were
permitted
to
come
to
him
,
with
whom
he
prayed
very
fervently
,
and
gave
them
all
his
Benediction
.
The
next
Morning
the
Sheriff
received
him
at
the
Prison
,
he
going
very
joyfully
;
and
by
the
way
he
was
greatly
solicited
by
the
Sheriff
of
Essex
to
recant
and
embrace
the
Popish
Religion
.
To
which
he
only
Answered
,
Well
,
I
perceive
that
I
now
have
been
deceived
my self
,
and
shall
deceive
many
in
Hadly
of
their
Expectations
.
At
which
the
Sheriff
told
him
it
was
a
gracious
saying
,
and
desired
him
to
explain
it
,
as
well
hoping
he
intended
to
recant
.
Why
,
said
Dr.
Taylor
,
I
did
propose
to
my self
once
,
that
I
should
have
been
buryed
in
Hadly
Church
yard
,
in
which
I
now
see
I
shall
be
deceived
,
and
as
for
my
deceiving
of
others
of
their
Expectations
,
is
,
that
I
being
a
man
of
a
Corpulent
body
,
might
have
fed
many
Worms
,
who
now
must
be
Content
without
me
.
He
being
come
within
two
miles
of
Hadly
,
a
great
number
of
People
came
flocking
to
meet
him
,
for
the
most
part
greatly
lamenting
the
State
into
which
he
was
fallen
;
when
as
he
Comforted
them
in
the
best
manner
,
Saying
,
be
Patient
,
as
for
me
,
I
thank
God
I
am
almost
at
home
,
and
have
not
past
two
miles
more
to
go
over
,
before
I
come
to
my
Fathers
house
.
At
the
Towns
end
a
poor
Lame
man
with
five
small
Children
met
him
,
and
cryed
out
;
Ah!
dear
Father
,
and
good
Shepherd
Dr.
Taylor
,
God
help
and
Comfort
thee
,
as
thou
hast
many
times
succoured
and
Comforted
me
,
and
my
poor
Children
:
Whilst
many
others
with
weeping
Eyes
lamented
his
loss
.
When
he
came
to
the
Alms-houses
he
called
out
the
poor
People
by
their
names
,
as
he
was
at
other
times
accustomed
,
and
gave
mony
to
every
one
of
them
,
who
Prayed
to
God
to
strengthen
and
Comfort
him
,
greatly
lamenting
the
loss
of
so
good
a
Benefactor
as
he
was
wont
to
be
.
Coming
to
the
place
of
Execution
,
the
Sheriff
commanded
him
that
he
should
in
no
wise
speak
to
the
people
;
which
did
not
a
little
grieve
him
;
that
he
was
not
suffered
to
take
his
last
farewel
of
those
to
whom
he
had
so
faithfully
Preached
the
Gospel
:
yet
he
was
very
Cheerful
,
when
after
he
had
Prayed
a
while
,
he
put
off
his
Cloaths
and
went
to
the
Stake
and
kissed
it
,
when
through
the
vehemency
of
the
Zeal
by
which
his
Soul
was
agitated
,
he
going
about
to
speak
one
thrust
a
Staff-into
his
mouth
,
and
by
that
means
hindered
him
;
another
struck
him
over
the
Head
;
and
a
third
threw
a
Fagot
at
him
,
which
so
cut
his
Face
that
the
Blood
ran
down
in
abundance
;
upon
which
he
said
,
O
Friend
,
what
needed
this
?
I
have
harm
enough
already
.
And
when
he
was
saying
his
Miserere
in
English
,
Sr.
John
Shelton
struck
him
on
the
mouth
,
saying
,
Knave
I
will
make
you
speak
Latine
.
When
the
fire
was
kindled
,
he
extended
his
Arms
toward
Heaven
,
and
with
a
voyce
as
if
he
had
been
Ravished
with
Joy
,
continued
saying
,
Most
merciful
Father
of
Heaven
,
for
Jesus
Christ
my
Saviours
sake
,
receive
my
Soul
into
thy
Hands
,
till
one
with
a
Halbert
beat
out
his
Brains
.
And
thus
dyed
this
Blessed
Martyr
,
Anno
,
1555.
The
Life
of
JOHN
BRADFORD
Martyr
.
JOhn
Bradford
was
born
of
Vertuous
Parents
at
Manchester
in
Lancashire
,
and
brought
up
in
such
Learning
as
the
place
was
able
to
afford
,
and
when
he
had
greatly
profitted
therein
,
he
became
Steward
to
Sr.
John
Harrington
,
with
whom
he
lived
in
much
Credit
for
several
years
,
yet
his
mind
not
being
contented
with
that
manner
of
Life
,
but
still
fixed
upon
Divine
matters
,
he
left
his
Master
and
went
to
Cambridge
;
where
he
so
profited
in
the
study
of
Divinity
,
that
within
two
years
after
his
coming
thither
,
he
commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
and
was
chosen
a
fellow
of
Pembrook-Hall
:
Where
he
lived
in
good
repute
a
Considerable
time
,
and
there
happened
to
come
acquained
with
Martin
Bucer
(
who
to
avoid
the
storms
of
Persecution
in
Germany
,
was
come
over
into
England
)
and
by
Conversing
with
him
he
greatly
profited
,
insomuch
that
Dr.
Ridley
Bishop
of
London
hearing
of
his
towardliness
and
holy
manner
of
Life
,
preferred
him
to
be
a
Prebend
of
St.
Pauls
;
where
he
continued
faithfully
to
discharge
his
Trust
,
till
the
beginning
of
Queen
Mary's
Reign
:
when
as
one
Bourn
Chaplain
to
Bonner
,
and
afterward
made
Bishop
of
Bath
,
Preaching
at
Pauls
Cross
so
highly
offended
the
People
in
his
Sermon
,
by
inveighing
against
the
reformed
Religion
,
That
not
only
a
Dagger
was
thrown
at
him
,
but
likewise
the
People
began
so
far
to
Mutinie
,
that
had
not
Mr.
Bradford
at
his
Earnest
request
stood
up
in
his
place
and
quieted
the
People
,
they
had
pulled
the
Popish
Wolf
in
pieces
;
but
the
People
no
sooner
perceiving
Bradford
but
they
gave
a
great
shout
,
Crying
,
Bradford
,
Bradford
,
God
save
thy
Life
Bradford
?
Yet
Bourn
not
thinking
himself
safe
desired
Mr.
Bradford
to
convey
him
out
of
the
Throng
,
which
he
did
,
sheltring
him
with
his
own
Body
,
and
spreading
his
Gown
over
him
,
in
his
retreat
into
St.
Pauls
School
where
he
left
him
.
Then
cryed
the
People
,
Ah!
Bradford
thou
hast
saved
him
,
that
will
be
the
forwardest
to
burn
thee
.
As
indeed
he
was
.
On
the
same
day
in
the
Afternoon
Mr.
Bradford
Preached
at
Bow
Church
,
and
in
his
Sermon
sharply
reproved
such
tumultuous
Proceedings
;
yet
within
three
days
after
he
was
sent
for
by
the
Councel
and
charged
as
a
stirrer
up
of
Sedition
;
and
thereupon
sent
to
the
Tower
,
from
whence
he
was
removed
to
the
Kings-Bench
;
from
thence
he
was
brought
several
times
before
Bonner
to
be
Examined
,
and
ever
put
the
Bishop
to
a
non
plus
;
yet
his
Death
being
resolved
upon
,
the
bloody
Wretch
proceeded
to
pass
Sentence
upon
him
,
as
likewise
to
degrade
him
,
and
then
Committed
him
to
the
Counter
,
where
he
continued
a
Considerable
time
,
before
his
Execution
,
Preaching
to
and
Exhorting
the
Prisoners
,
in
the
way
of
saving
Knowledge
,
as
likewise
relieving
their
wants
according
to
his
Ability
:
Nor
was
there
a
day
passed
wherein
some
Person
or
other
of
quality
did
not
come
to
him
for
Instructions
,
insomuch
that
his
Chamber
seemed
rather
a
Chappel
set
apart
for
Divine
worship
,
then
an
imprisonment
;
for
there
he
Preached
twice
every
Sabbath
,
and
prayed
with
such
as
resorted
thither
every
day
,
and
as
often
as
he
could
have
opportunity
he
administred
the
Sacrament
in
both
kinds
.
He
was
a
man
so
just
that
the
Keeper
of
the
Kings-Bench
would
permit
him
upon
his
word
to
go
into
London
and
visit
his
Friends
,
and
he
was
ever
so
Faithful
that
he
rather
returned
before
,
then
after
the
time
he
had
set
.
When
his
Friends
demanded
whether
they
should
solicite
his
Delivery
,
and
what
he
would
do
if
he
had
his
Liberty
,
his
Answer
was
;
That
he
did
not
greatly
Care
whether
he
was
delivered
or
not
,
but
if
it
so
happened
he
would
Marry
and
live
secretly
in
England
.
During
his
Imprisonment
,
many
Spanish
Fryers
came
to
tempt
him
to
renounce
his
Religion
,
but
he
used
such
powerful
Arguments
to
confirm
it
to
be
the
true
Religion
,
such
as
was
established
in
the
Primitive
Church
by
Christ
and
his
Apostles
,
and
so
confounded
them
in
their
own
Arguments
,
that
they
were
always
obliged
to
betake
themselves
to
their
old
shift
,
which
was
to
Rail
and
brand
him
with
the
name
of
Heretick
.
He
often
had
the
opportunity
to
escape
,
but
he
would
by
no
means
attempt
it
;
the
night
before
he
was
conveyed
to
Newgate
,
he
had
a
dream
wherein
it
was
signified
to
him
,
That
he
was
to
be
burnt
within
two
days
,
that
Chains
were
brought
,
and
that
the
day
following
he
was
to
go
to
Newgate
;
The
which
happened
accordingly
,
for
he
was
scarce
risen
before
the
Keepers
wife
came
to
him
,
and
told
him
she
had
heavy
news
to
inform
him
,
which
is
,
said
she
,
that
you
must
presently
go
to
Newgate
,
where
your
Chains
are
ready
,
in
Order
to
your
being
burnt
in
Smithfield
,
at
which
he
taking
off
his
Cap
lifted
up
his
Eyes
toward
Heaven
,
and
said
,
I
thank
God
for
it
,
I
have
looked
for
the
day
a
long
time
:
It
comes
not
now
to
me
suddenly
,
but
as
a
thing
that
I
have
waited
for
with
Patience
,
the
Lord
make
me
worthy
to
suffer
for
his
Name
.
And
thereupon
he
prayed
fervently
for
a
good
space
,
when
as
the
Officers
were
come
to
fetch
him
,
at
which
time
he
called
together
the
Prisoners
,
and
Servants
,
giving
them
many
pious
Exhortations
,
and
distributed
Monies
amongst
them
,
bidding
them
persevere
in
the
Truth
,
And
not
be
carried
away
with
every
Wind
of
Doctrine
.
When
he
came
to
Newgate
,
several
came
to
visit
him
,
to
whom
he
gave
Ghostly
Consolation
.
And
the
next
morning
the
Sheriff
came
for
him
,
and
conveyed
him
together
with
a
youth
of
about
eighteen
years
of
Age
to
Smithfield
,
where
the
Stake
was
prepared
.
When
he
came
at
the
Stake
,
he
kissed
it
,
as
likewise
a
Faggot
that
he
took
up
,
and
then
falling
flat
upon
his
Face
,
in
token
of
Humility
,
he
prayed
for
a
good
space
,
till
the
Sheriff
ordered
him
to
rise
;
they
putting
off
his
Raiment
,
he
was
together
with
the
Youth
fastned
to
the
Stake
,
when
as
he
cryed
with
a
loud
voice
,
Repent
,
O
England
,
of
thy
sins
,
beware
of
Idolatry
,
beware
of
false
Anti-Christs
,
take
heed
they
do
not
deceive
thee
.
Then
turning
to
the
young
man
,
who
was
an
Apprentice
to
a
Merchant
in
London
,
he
said
,
Be
of
good
Comfort
Brother
,
for
we
shall
have
a
merry
Supper
with
the
Lord
this
Night
.
And
then
embracing
the
Reeds
,
he
said
,
Streight
is
the
way
,
and
narrow
is
the
gate
that
leadeth
unto
everlasting
life
,
and
few
there
be
that
find
it
.
The
fire
being
kindled
,
he
held
his
hands
in
the
flames
,
and
with
a
Christian
patience
suffered
the
burning
without
so
much
as
stirring
the
body
,
dying
a
glorious
Martyr
,
in
the
Bloody
year
,
Anno
1555.
He
was
a
man
so
intirely
beloved
for
his
holy
life
,
that
many
who
never
saw
him
,
greatly
lamented
his
death
;
nay
,
the
very
Papists
themselves
,
in
the
midst
of
all
their
rage
and
malice
,
were
forced
to
confess
that
he
was
a
man
of
great
Learning
,
and
many
of
them
heartily
wished
that
he
might
have
lived
.
The
Life
of
NICHOLAS
RIDLEY
Martyr
.
NIcholas
Ridley
was
Born
at
Newcastle
,
and
there
Educated
in
Learning
by
his
pious
Parents
,
till
he
was
fitted
for
the
University
,
when
as
he
was
sent
to
Cambridge
,
where
he
grew
so
famous
by
his
Studies
in
Divinity
,
that
by
the
consent
of
the
whole
University
he
was
chosen
Master
of
Pembroke
Hall
,
and
commenced
Doctor
in
Divinity
.
A
while
after
Archbishop
Cranmer
hearing
of
his
Fame
,
sent
for
him
,
and
made
him
Vicar
of
Hern
in
East
Kent
,
where
he
so
well
discharged
his
Pastoral
Office
,
that
he
gained
the
general
Applause
of
all
the
Places
adjacent
,
who
neglecting
their
own
Teacher
,
would
for
many
miles
circumference
come
to
hear
his
Sermons
;
so
that
in
a
while
after
he
was
constituted
a
Prebend
of
the
Cathedral
Church
of
Canterbury
,
but
not
greatly
likeing
those
with
whom
he
was
obliged
to
converse
with
,
in
that
Station
he
left
them
,
and
travelled
into
France
,
where
after
his
having
visited
many
Places
,
and
greatly
profited
in
his
Studies
,
he
returned
into
England
,
where
he
was
no
sooner
come
,
but
King
Henry
the
Eighth
sent
for
him
,
and
ordained
him
one
of
His
Chaplains
;
as
likewise
within
a
while
after
made
him
Bishop
of
Rochester
,
in
which
Station
he
continued
till
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
Sixth
,
who
translated
him
to
the
See
of
London
,
where
he
continued
preaching
and
instructing
the
People
by
expounding
the
Scriptures
,
and
perswading
them
unfeignedly
to
imbrace
the
Reformed
Religion
,
by
utterly
renouncing
Popish
Superstitions
and
Idolatries
,
and
so
by
preaching
from
Church
to
Church
throughout
his
Diocess
.
His
Capital
Enemies
,
the
Papists
,
were
obliged
to
confess
he
was
a
man
of
a
pious
Life
and
Conversation
;
never
did
he
preach
,
but
such
multitudes
of
People
came
flocking
about
him
,
that
the
Church
could
not
contain
them
,
and
thus
cotinued
he
in
great
credit
till
the
Reign
of
Queen
Mary
,
in
whose
days
all
things
Sacred
were
tumbled
down
,
and
the
Abomination
of
Desolation
set
up
in
the
Holy
Places
.
This
good
Bishop
was
first
converted
to
the
true
Religion
,
by
reading
Bertram's
Book
of
the
Sacrament
,
and
strongly
confirmed
in
his
opinion
,
by
conversing
with
Peter
Martyr
,
and
other
Learned
Divines
of
the
Reformed
Church
;
when
in
the
first
year
of
Queen
Mary's
Reign
,
he
was
sent
for
before
the
Council
,
and
there
accused
of
spreading
Heretical
Doctrine
.
To
which
Accusation
,
although
he
answered
with
all
Gravity
,
and
opposed
it
with
many
learned
Arguments
;
yet
was
he
sent
to
the
Tower
,
and
there
continued
till
he
,
Archbishop
Cranmer
,
and
Dr.
Lattimer
were
sent
to
Oxford
,
there
to
dispute
against
the
Popish
Doctors
;
after
which
Dispute
they
were
all
three
committed
to
Prison
in
that
City
,
till
at
last
Dr.
Ridley
was
seperated
from
the
rest
,
and
sent
to
the
house
of
one
Mr.
Irish
,
where
he
remained
till
the
day
he
suffered
Martyrdom
;
yet
he
often
conversed
by
Letters
with
the
aforesaid
holy
men
,
as
likewise
with
Mr.
Bradford
,
who
was
at
the
same
time
a
Prisoner
in
the
King's
Bench
;
when
writing
to
Dr.
Lattimer
,
he
desires
him
that
he
would
send
him
continually
some
Spiritual
Consolations
;
For
,
says
he
,
unless
the
Lord
assist
me
in
his
Service
,
I
shall
but
play
the
part
of
a
Coward
;
but
he
can
make
a
Coward
in
his
Cause
fight
like
a
couragious
Soldier
.
He
confessed
that
upon
hearing
the
resolute
Confession
and
last
Speech
of
Mr.
Rogers
,
who
suffered
Martyrdom
,
he
was
greatly
incouraged
,
and
felt
all
the
heaviness
that
before
oppressed
his
Soul
,
quite
removed
,
so
that
he
was
all
Joy
and
Peace
within
.
Not
long
after
,
he
being
brought
into
Saint
Mary's
Church
,
where
by
the
Queen
's
Appointment
,
he
was
to
be
tryed
(
as
they
termed
it
,
although
his
death
was
resolved
on
before
,
right
or
wrong
)
by
such
Commissioners
as
were
come
thither
for
that
purpose
,
amongst
whom
one
sat
as
representing
the
Pope
;
when
he
was
come
they
opened
their
Commission
,
and
began
to
read
it
,
to
which
he
gave
heedful
Attention
,
till
such
time
as
they
came
to
mention
the
Pope
and
his
Supremacy
,
and
then
he
put
on
his
Hat
,
saying
,
I
do
not
this
in
contempt
to
any
Person
here
,
but
to
the
Pope
,
whose
usurped
Supremacy
I
should
make
my self
guilty
of
owning
,
if
I
should
with
patience
vail
my
Cap
at
the
hearing
it
.
Upon
this
Speech
,
the
Bishop
of
Lincoln
chafed
exceedingly
,
and
commanded
the
Beadle
to
take
off
his
Cap
,
which
he
meekly
suffered
him
to
do
,
when
after
a
long
Examination
,
but
no
Proof
against
him
of
any
Erroneous
Doctrine
,
as
they
pretended
,
they
proceeded
to
read
his
Sentence
of
Condemnation
;
and
in
a
short
time
after
the
Bishop
of
Worcester
came
to
degrade
him
,
bringing
the
Massing
Trinkets
,
which
he
would
have
had
him
put
on
,
but
he
refused
.
Then
the
Bishop
with
the
help
of
his
men
put
them
on
him
,
and
so
taking
them
off
again
,
pronounced
him
an
Excommunicated
and
Accursed
Person
,
declaring
that
it
was
dangerous
for
any
to
converse
with
him
.
Yet
Dr.
Ridley
laught
at
the
Bug-bear
threats
,
remembring
the
words
of
the
Apostle
,
who
says
,
If
our
Conscience
accuse
us
not
,
God
that
is
greater
than
our
Conscience
will
not
condemn
us
.
After
the
Degradation
,
he
was
delivered
over
to
the
Secular
Power
,
in
order
to
his
Execution
,
when
at
Supper-time
his
Keeper's
Wife
weeping
to
think
he
must
suffer
the
next
day
;
he
comforted
her
,
saying
,
I
pray
you
be
patient
and
chearful
,
as
I
am
,
for
by
this
grief
you
express
,
't
is
plain
you
love
us
not
;
and
thereupon
he
with
a
chearful
countenance
invited
them
all
to
his
Wedding
,
saying
,
to
morrow
shall
I
be
married
,
speaking
mystically
,
as
meaning
his
Soul
was
to
be
espoused
to
Christ
its
Redeemer
,
and
when
his
Brother-in-Law
and
others
offered
to
watch
with
him
,
he
refused
their
kindness
,
saying
,
that
he
should
sleep
as
well
that
night
as
ever
he
did
in
his
life
.
When
the
Morning
was
come
,
the
Sheriff
,
together
with
the
Lord
Williams
of
Thame
,
and
others
,
came
with
a
great
Guard
to
convey
him
to
the
Place
of
Execution
;
as
also
Dr.
Lattimer
,
who
was
condemned
with
him
,
as
in
his
life
will
hereafter
appear
;
when
as
Dr.
Ridley
dressed
himself
in
his
Episcopal
Garments
,
as
many
of
them
as
were
convenient
,
and
shaved
himself
,
as
if
he
had
been
going
to
an
earthly
Wedding
,
and
as
he
was
upon
his
way
,
he
looking
behind
him
,
espied
Dr.
Lattimer
coming
after
,
and
called
to
him
with
a
chearful
voice
,
saying
,
O
Brother
,
are
you
there
?
Yes
,
said
Dr.
Lattimore
,
have
after
you
as
fast
as
I
can
.
When
they
came
to
the
Place
of
Execution
,
Dr.
Cole
being
mounted
upon
a
Stool
,
set
for
that
purpose
,
began
to
rail
against
them
to
the
People
,
telling
them
that
they
were
Zuinglians
,
Occolampadians
,
and
the
worst
of
Hereticks
.
Upon
which
Dr.
Ridley
fell
upon
his
Knees
,
and
besought
the
Lord
Williams
,
for
Christ
Jesus
sake
that
he
might
have
liberty
to
answer
him
,
and
clear
himself
of
those
Scandals
before
he
dyed
;
but
the
Vice-Chancellor
and
others
,
run
to
him
and
stopped
his
mouth
,
saying
,
If
he
would
recant
he
should
be
heard
,
but
not
otherwise
.
Then
,
said
Dr.
Ridley
,
I
will
never
deny
my
Lord
Jesus
,
and
his
known
Truth
,
whilst
I
have
breath
in
my
body
.
Then
turning
to
Dr.
Lattimer
,
he
embraced
him
,
and
bid
him
be
of
good
comfort
;
For
,
said
he
,
God
will
either
asswage
the
heat
of
the
fire
,
or
give
us
strength
to
endure
its
fury
with
patience
,
and
so
going
to
the
Stake
,
he
kissed
it
,
and
then
kneeled
down
,
and
prayed
fervently
for
a
good
space
.
When
rising
up
,
and
being
about
to
speak
to
the
People
,
the
Popish
Locust
run
and
stopped
his
mouth
.
When
he
was
stripped
,
and
the
Fagots
were
piling
about
him
,
he
said
,
O
Heavenly
Father
,
I
give
thee
thanks
for
that
thou
hast
called
me
to
be
a
Professor
of
thee
even
unto
death
,
I
beseech
thee
,
O
Lord
God
,
have
mercy
upon
this
Realm
of
England
,
and
deliver
it
from
all
its
Enemies
.
And
when
the
Smith
was
knocking
in
the
Staple
that
fastned
the
Chain
,
he
said
,
I
pray
thee
good
fellow
drive
it
in
fast
,
for
the
Flesh
will
have
its
course
.
Then
did
his
Brother-in-Law
bring
him
a
bag
of
Gunpowder
,
which
he
received
joyfully
,
and
tyed
it
about
his
Neck
,
so
the
fire
being
kindled
,
he
stood
in
the
flame
a
long
while
before
he
dyed
,
by
reason
of
the
ill
making
of
the
fire
,
and
then
,
saying
,
Into
thy
hands
,
O
Lord
,
I
commend
my
Spirit
,
Lord
receive
my
Soul
,
he
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
suffering
Martyrdom
,
Anno
Christi
1555.
He
was
a
man
of
singular
Piety
and
Learning
,
just
to
all
,
giving
no
occasion
of
abuse
to
any
.
Charitable
he
was
even
to
a
a
Miracle
,
for
he
kept
Bonners
Mother
at
his
own
Table
,
and
when
he
came
to
dye
,
he
said
,
Nothing
troubled
him
,
but
that
several
Poor
men
had
taken
Leases
of
him
,
and
paid
their
Mony
whilst
he
sat
Bishop
of
London
,
which
were
now
taken
from
them
without
any
Recompence
;
and
therefore
he
desired
the
Lord
Williams
to
be
a
means
for
them
,
to
the
Queen
,
that
they
might
not
lose
their
Mony
.
If
ten
thousand
Pounds
could
have
saved
his
Life
,
the
Lord
Dacres
offered
as
much
;
but
his
cruel
Adversaries
thirsted
after
nothing
more
then
his
Blood
;
nor
would
Queen
Mary
hearken
to
any
Supplication
,
that
was
made
for
his
Life
,
although
he
in
King
Edward
the
sixth's
time
,
stood
against
most
of
the
Peers
and
Clergy
,
when
they
went
to
exclude
her
from
the
Succession
;
nor
would
he
for
any
Intreaty
set
his
hand
to
it
.
One
thing
is
worthy
of
Note
,
and
may
be
counted
a
Prophecy
,
which
was
this
;
Dr.
Ridley
during
his
being
Bishop
of
London
,
long
before
King
Edwards
Death
:
As
he
was
Crossing
the
Thames
in
a
Boat
,
the
Wind
arose
so
high
that
all
that
were
with
him
were
in
fear
of
present
drowning
;
but
he
Comforted
them
saying
,
Fear
not
for
this
Boat
carries
a
Bishop
that
must
be
burned
,
and
not
drowned
.
And
thus
much
for
the
Life
of
this
Pious
Martyr
,
who
did
not
only
oppose
to
the
utmost
,
the
superstitions
and
Idolatries
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
by
words
but
also
in
Writing
,
and
at
last
sealed
his
Testimony
with
his
Blood
.
The
Life
of
HUGH
LATIMER
Martyr
.
HVgh
Latimer
was
born
in
Leicestershire
,
at
a
place
called
Thrikesson
,
where
in
his
younger
years
he
was
put
to
School
,
and
profited
so
much
in
learning
,
that
within
a
while
he
was
sent
to
Cambridge
;
where
he
gave
himself
wholly
to
the
Study
of
Divinity
,
and
within
two
years
after
his
coming
thither
,
Commenced
Batchelor
of
Divinity
;
yet
was
he
so
zealous
a
Papist
,
till
God
opened
his
eyes
that
he
wrote
many
bitter
Letters
against
Melancthone
,
and
others
of
the
Reformed
Church
,
using
all
the
Idolatrous
Ceremonies
;
counting
it
a
great
Crime
in
him
if
he
omitted
any
one
part
of
the
Romish
Decrees
,
and
Canons
resolving
by
any
means
to
become
a
Fryer
,
for
he
at
that
time
verily
believed
that
if
he
were
so
he
could
not
be
Damned
;
so
blinded
was
he
with
Superstition
,
and
plunged
so
far
into
Error
;
but
God
having
made
him
,
a
chosen
Vessel
to
bear
his
Name
,
soon
found
means
for
his
Conversion
;
for
Mr.
Biliney
an
orthodox
Divine
taking
notice
of
his
great
Zeal
,
in
the
way
he
then
was
in
,
and
for
the
Religion
(
though
a
false
one
)
that
he
professed
,
he
took
such
opportunities
to
discourse
with
him
in
Private
,
that
by
his
Convincing
Arguments
he
so
far
wrought
upon
him
,
as
to
give
heedful
Attention
to
his
Doctrine
,
whereby
he
soon
became
more
Tractable
,
and
much
inclined
to
the
reformed
Church
;
and
greatly
grieved
for
the
abuses
he
had
offered
to
the
reformed
Ministers
,
asking
them
both
by
word
of
mouth
,
and
Letters
forgiveness
for
the
offences
.
And
now
his
Eyes
being
open
he
plainly
perceived
the
deceits
of
the
Romish
Church
,
and
began
to
detest
it
,
as
much
as
he
ever
had
admired
it
,
so
that
he
by
that
means
fell
into
the
high
Displeasure
of
some
Romish
Doctors
,
who
before
had
styled
him
their
Champion
.
When
he
was
thus
Converted
and
brought
over
to
imbrace
the
saving
Knowledge
of
the
Gospel
,
he
began
to
Preach
and
indeavour
to
Convert
others
,
insomuch
that
he
converted
many
;
but
the
Bishop
of
Ely
sent
strictly
to
forbid
him
;
but
upon
his
refusing
to
desist
the
Bishop
went
himself
,
when
as
he
found
him
Preaching
,
which
he
continued
so
Authentickly
and
with
such
a
Grace
,
that
the
Bishop
instead
of
reproving
him
,
highly
Commended
him
,
and
wished
to
God
that
himself
had
the
same
Gift
of
preaching
so
plain
and
powerfully
,
yet
shortly
after
a
complaint
was
made
against
him
,
to
Cardinal
Wolsey
,
who
cited
him
before
him
;
but
by
the
means
of
Dr.
Butts
the
King's
Physician
,
he
was
rather
advanced
then
any
ways
Discouraged
;
for
it
being
about
the
time
that
the
debate
was
held
about
King
Henry
the
Eight
his
Supremacy
,
the
Cardinal
upon
finding
a
man
of
great
Learning
,
chose
him
to
be
one
of
those
that
sate
about
the
deciding
that
Affair
;
when
within
a
while
he
grew
into
such
favour
with
the
Lord
Cromwel
,
that
he
preferred
him
to
a
Benefice
in
Wiltshire
,
where
he
faithfully
Officiated
for
many
years
,
and
then
was
removed
from
thence
to
the
Bishoprick
of
Worcester
,
where
he
behaved
himself
so
well
,
that
he
soon
obtained
the
Praise
of
all
that
were
under
his
Cure
.
Unless
some
malicious
Fryers
and
Monks
,
who
greatly
Envyed
him
as
plainly
perceiving
,
that
his
Doctrine
tended
to
the
discovery
of
their
abominable
Errors
;
insomuch
that
they
Exhibited
many
grievous
Complaints
against
him
.
How
that
he
Preached
false
Doctrine
,
and
indeavoured
to
stir
up
the
people
to
Rebellion
.
But
to
this
he
so
learnedly
returned
Answer
,
that
his
Adversaries
were
ashamed
of
what
they
had
done
;
then
continued
he
more
diligent
then
ever
,
in
Correcting
and
reforming
such
Abuses
as
were
crept
into
the
several
Churches
under
his
jurisdiction
,
opposing
,
as
much
as
in
him
lay
,
the
Cross
absurdities
of
the
popish
Priests
,
Preaching
against
Miracles
and
Transubstantiation
,
Adoration
of
Images
,
and
the
like
,
which
made
the
rigid
Papists
ever
lay
Snares
for
him
,
but
in
vain
;
during
the
Life
of
the
worthy
Lord
Cromwel
,
they
prevailed
not
in
any
thing
.
Upon
New-years
day
,
when
the
Bishops
were
wont
to
present
the
King
with
Gifts
,
Dr.
Latimer
presented
King
Henry
with
a
New
Testament
,
in
a
Handkerchief
,
with
this
Inscription
on
the
Covers
;
Fornicatores
,
&
Adulteros
,
Judicabit
Dominus
;
Whoremongers
,
and
Adulterers
,
God
will
judg
;
so
plain
was
he
in
reproving
the
King
,
when
none
besides
him
durst
Attempt
it
.
A
while
after
by
the
prevalency
of
the
popish
Lords
,
they
obtained
a
Bill
to
pass
in
Parliament
,
containing
the
six
bloody
Articles
,
which
obliged
many
a
good
man
,
to
lay
down
his
Charge
,
and
amongst
the
rest
this
good
Bishop
.
When
he
had
puled
of
his
Rocket
before
several
of
his
Friends
,
he
cut
a
Caper
or
two
,
Saying
;
now
I
feel
my self
light
,
as
being
discharged
of
a
heavy
Burthon
,
for
indeed
such
a
Charge
is
not
a
little
ponderous
and
troublesome
;
If
according
to
the
Institution
of
Bishops
,
they
faithfully
discharge
their
Trust
.
When
he
had
resigned
his
Bishoprick
,
he
retired
himself
to
west
Kingston
near
Bristow
,
where
he
had
a
Personage
,
and
there
he
Preached
every
Sunday
,
Exhorting
and
instructing
the
People
in
the
way
to
eternal
Life
.
Yet
here
the
restless
Papists
would
not
suffer
him
to
be
at
quiet
,
but
made
great
Complaints
against
his
Doctrine
,
although
they
could
prove
nothing
therein
contrary
to
the
Word
of
God
;
upon
which
he
repairing
to
Arch-Bishop
Cranmer
to
clear
himself
,
found
such
Favour
at
his
Hands
,
that
he
prevailed
with
the
King
so
far
on
his
behalf
,
that
his
Accusers
were
forced
to
draw
in
their
Horns
and
shrink
into
their
shells
again
,
as
well
knowing
they
could
make
out
nothing
Erroneous
,
against
either
himself
,
or
his
Doctrine
.
These
were
his
Conflicts
during
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
Eight
,
but
he
dying
,
and
young
King
Edward
coming
to
the
Crown
,
the
six
Articles
that
had
caused
such
Blood-shed
,
were
Rovoked
,
and
then
Dr.
Latimer
was
restored
to
his
Bishoprick
,
where
he
continued
to
Preach
twice
aday
for
the
most
part
.
And
now
the
Popes
Chickens
not
having
such
shelter
under
the
Wings
of
this
good
Prince
;
as
they
had
before
,
the
Bishop
lived
in
great
quiet
,
and
followed
his
Studies
so
close
,
that
he
soon
became
such
a
Disputant
that
few
durst
encounter
him
.
One
day
as
he
was
Preaching
,
he
told
his
Auditory
,
that
his
Preaching
the
Gospel
would
one
day
cost
him
his
Life
,
and
that
Winchester
was
preserved
in
the
Tower
for
the
same
purpose
;
which
in
the
Reign
of
Bloody
Queen
Mary
fell
out
accordingly
,
for
she
was
no
sooner
seated
in
the
Throne
,
but
a
Pursevant
was
sent
to
fetch
Dr.
Latimer
up
to
London
.
Of
whose
coming
altho
he
had
six
days
notice
before
hand
,
yet
would
he
not
avoid
him
,
but
having
received
the
Letters
he
brought
from
the
Council
,
he
promised
to
follow
him
,
which
he
did
the
next
day
,
tho
contrary
to
the
Expectation
of
his
Enemies
,
who
wished
that
he
would
fly
,
as
well
knowing
his
great
Parts
;
but
he
taking
leave
of
his
Friends
,
said
,
I
now
go
as
willing
to
give
an
Account
of
my
Faith
,
as
ever
I
yet
went
to
any
place
,
doubting
not
,
but
that
God
who
hath
made
me
worthy
to
Preach
his
Word
before
two
excellent
Princes
will
enable
me
to
bear
Witness
before
the
third
,
either
to
her
Eternal
Comfort
or
Discomfort
.
In
his
way
to
Court
he
Rid
through
Smithfield
,
where
he
said
to
such
as
accompanied
him
:
That
Smithfield
had
groaned
for
him
a
long
time
.
When
he
came
before
the
Councel
,
they
fell
to
abusing
him
after
an
unseemly
manner
,
and
without
suffering
him
to
speak
for
himself
,
sent
him
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
,
which
they
had
resolved
upon
before
his
coming
.
Being
in
the
Tower
,
God
gave
him
not
only
a
Christian
patience
,
but
indued
him
with
the
Spirit
of
wisdom
,
beyond
what
he
had
formerly
been
capable
of
.
There
he
kept
a
whole
Winter
without
fire
,
notwithstanding
his
age
,
and
the
extremity
of
the
Weather
,
which
made
him
tell
the
Lieutenants
man
,
Vnless
they
looked
better
after
him
,
he
should
deceive
them
:
Which
words
he
repeating
to
his
Master
,
the
Lieutenant
charged
Dr.
Latimer
as
one
intending
to
make
his
escape
.
But
he
expounded
the
Words
,
saying
,
That
unless
you
provide
me
fire
and
other
necessaries
,
instead
of
dying
by
heat
(
meaning
by
burning
)
I
shall
perish
here
,
through
Cold
and
want
.
After
he
had
continued
a
considerable
time
Prisoner
in
the
Tower
,
and
had
been
often
tempted
to
Recant
,
he
was
sent
to
Oxford
,
together
with
Dr.
Ridley
Bishop
of
London
,
and
Arch-Bishop
Cranmer
,
there
to
Dispute
against
the
Popish
Doctors
about
Transubstantiation
,
and
other
such
like
Erroneous
Tenets
in
the
Church
of
Rome
.
Where
Dr.
Weston
was
appointed
Prolocutor
:
The
Place
for
the
Dispute
being
St.
Mary's
Church
.
And
altho
these
three
Champions
of
Christ
were
separated
,
not
being
allowed
the
use
of
Books
,
yet
did
they
so
Confound
their
Adversaries
by
lively
Texts
out
of
the
Scriptures
,
and
Proofs
out
of
the
Fathers
,
that
they
were
obliged
to
fall
to
their
old
way
of
Railing
.
And
so
overpow'ring
them
with
Noise
and
Clamor
,
they
gave
out
to
the
Rabble
that
they
had
prevailed
against
the
Hereticks
,
but
would
by
no
means
suffer
the
Proceedings
to
be
Published
.
Then
was
our
good
Bishop
with
the
rest
conveyed
to
several
Prisons
,
where
he
continued
with
admirable
Patience
,
writing
to
his
fellow-Sufferers
to
Comfort
and
Strengthen
them
to
bear
their
Cross
:
And
often
in
his
Prayer
,
which
was
exceeding
Fervent
,
he
would
beg
of
God
to
restore
the
Light
of
the
Gospel
once
more
in
England
,
and
that
he
would
preserve
Queen
Elizabeth
to
be
a
Comfort
to
the
People
:
And
for
himself
,
he
desired
to
dye
,
That
he
so
might
seal
his
Testimony
with
his
dearest
Blood
.
All
which
came
afterwards
to
pass
.
A
while
after
he
was
brought
to
his
Tryal
,
where
he
so
defended
the
Doctrine
he
had
Preached
,
that
his
Enemies
were
amazed
at
his
prodigious
Learning
:
Yet
his
Death
,
being
right
or
wrong
,
resolved
upon
,
they
proceeded
to
degrade
,
and
Sentence
him
:
After
which
he
was
delivered
up
to
the
secular
Power
,
in
order
to
his
Execution
,
together
with
Dr.
Ridley
.
When
he
was
brought
to
the
Stake
,
he
look'd
with
a
very
chearful
Countenance
,
as
not
being
in
the
least
Dismayed
at
the
Approach
of
that
Death
which
himself
so
much
desired
,
and
the
which
he
might
have
avoided
,
if
he
would
have
Recanted
.
After
he
had
prayed
a
while
,
he
unstripp'd
himself
for
the
Fire
,
and
said
to
Bishop
Ridley
,
Brother
,
be
of
good
Comfort
,
and
play
the
Man
;
for
I
trust
by
God's
Grace
,
we
shall
this
Day
light
such
a
Candle
in
England
as
shall
never
be
put
out
:
Adding
that
He
knew
God
was
Faithful
,
and
would
not
suffer
him
to
be
Tempted
above
what
he
was
able
to
bear
.
Then
Embracing
Dr.
Ridley
,
he
was
bound
to
the
Stake
,
and
the
Fire
kindled
to
him
,
when
as
he
cryed
with
a
loud
Voice
;
O
Father
of
Heaven
,
receive
my
Soul
:
And
then
stroaking
his
Face
with
his
Hand
,
he
gave
up
the
Ghost
;
dying
a
Glorious
Martyr
at
Oxford
,
Anno
Christi
1555.
Two
things
more
are
worthy
of
Note
.
The
first
is
,
That
at
his
Death
such
abundance
of
Blood
gushed
out
,
that
it
for
a
while
damped
the
Fire
:
The
second
,
That
Stephen
Gardener
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
his
mortal
Enemy
,
having
that
Day
prepared
a
great
Feast
at
Winchester-House
in
Southwark
;
notwithstanding
his
having
several
Persons
of
Quality
to
Dine
with
him
,
would
not
go
to
Dinner
till
such
time
as
he
received
certain
Intelligence
of
the
Deaths
of
Latimer
and
Ridley
,
which
was
not
till
about
four
in
the
Afternoon
;
when
with
a
chearful
Countenance
he
said
,
Come
now
my
Lords
sit
down
,
the
arch-Hereticks
are
Dispatched
.
But
he
had
not
eat
past
three
Bits
before
his
Tongue
began
to
swell
in
his
Mouth
.
So
that
being
carryed
from
the
Table
,
as
not
being
able
to
go
himself
,
he
continued
in
a
miserable
Condition
for
fifteen
Days
,
and
then
dyed
,
being
as
some
Report
,
Starved
by
reason
he
could
not
swallow
any
Sustenance
.
The
Life
of
THOMAS
CRANMER
,
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
Martyr
.
THomas
Cranmer
was
born
of
a
very
worshipful
Family
,
at
Arselacthon
in
Notinghamshire
,
where
he
was
Educated
in
such
Learning
as
his
tender
Years
were
capable
to
receive
;
and
when
he
grew
to
more
Perfection
,
he
was
sent
to
the
University
of
Cambridg
,
where
he
so
profited
in
his
Studies
,
that
he
was
within
three
Years
after
his
coming
thither
,
made
a
Fellow
of
Jesus
Colledg
:
But
by
reason
of
his
marrying
a
Wife
,
that
Place
was
sequestred
from
him
,
and
he
appointed
Divinity
Reader
in
Buckingham
Colledg
,
where
he
behaved
himself
so
well
,
that
he
got
the
good
Will
of
the
Heads
of
the
University
:
So
that
his
Wife
dying
,
he
was
Re-invested
in
his
former
Place
;
where
he
had
not
been
long
,
before
he
Commenced
Dr.
of
Divinity
.
Within
a
while
after
,
Cardinal
Woolsey
having
Founded
a
new
Colledg
in
Oxford
,
sought
for
the
most
Learned
Men
in
the
Kingdom
to
replenish
it
,
amongst
whom
Cranmer
was
Chosen
:
But
he
foreseeing
that
Woolsey's
Fall
was
at
hand
,
would
by
no
Means
imbrace
the
Offer
,
but
kept
in
his
former
Station
.
About
this
time
King
Henry
the
Eight
being
desirous
to
be
Divorced
from
Katherine
of
Spain
,
who
had
been
formerly
Married
to
his
elder
Brother
Prince
Arthur
,
had
long
laboured
in
the
Court
of
Rome
to
effect
his
Purpose
;
but
after
great
Trouble
,
and
much
Mony
spent
,
nothing
was
done
therein
;
Insomuch
that
the
King
was
exceedingly
troubled
.
When
so
it
happened
that
Fox
and
Gardiner
,
the
former
being
the
King's
Almoner
,
and
the
latter
his
Secretary
,
being
at
Waltham
,
where
the
Court
at
that
time
resided
:
They
one
Day
invited
Cranmer
to
Dine
with
them
,
who
was
come
thither
from
Cambridge
,
for
fear
of
the
Plague
,
which
raged
much
in
that
University
.
When
in
the
midst
of
their
Feasting
,
they
demanded
his
Opinion
touching
the
King's
Affair
,
in
Relation
to
the
Divorce
.
To
whom
he
made
this
modest
Answer
.
I
cannot
say
much
on
the
suddain
,
in
so
weighty
a
Business
,
which
requires
considerable
Study
and
Consideration
:
But
in
my
Opinion
,
seeing
the
King
lies
under
Pressure
of
Mind
,
and
is
in
great
Trouble
of
Conscience
,
nothing
can
be
more
grievous
than
long
Delays
,
and
wandering
in
Romish
Suits
,
in
which
,
whosoever
are
once
Intangled
,
can
hardly
get
out
of
the
Snares
:
Wherefore
I
think
it
better
,
that
laying
aside
all
Delays
,
and
Court
Suits
,
wherein
the
King
has
been
so
long
tossed
with
great
Afflictions
of
Mind
:
The
Judgment
of
Divines
both
in
our
own
,
and
forrain
Nations
,
and
Vniversities
be
searched
out
,
and
required
,
which
may
be
strengthened
with
the
Law
of
God
;
and
as
they
shall
by
God's
Word
prove
it
,
Lawful
,
or
Vnlawful
,
so
let
the
King
proceed
,
and
by
that
means
have
the
Cause
Determined
in
his
own
Country
:
Whereby
he
may
live
in
lawful
Matrimony
with
a
chearful
Mind
,
and
quiet
Conscience
;
which
is
much
to
be
desired
by
all
his
faithful
Subjects
.
When
he
had
thus
spoke
his
Mind
,
they
highly
Approved
of
what
he
said
,
wishing
the
King
had
had
his
Advice
before
he
sent
to
the
Court
of
Rome
.
And
the
next
Day
they
coming
to
the
King's
Presence
,
and
he
demanding
what
was
done
in
his
Affair
,
Fox
recounted
to
him
all
that
Cranmer
had
said
,
but
Gardener
would
have
had
the
Praise
of
it
himself
;
yet
the
King
would
not
hear
him
,
but
turning
to
Fox
,
he
asked
him
whether
Cranmer
was
yet
in
Waltham
;
and
being
given
to
understand
he
was
,
he
immediately
sent
for
him
:
Saying
,
He
Counsels
right
,
had
I
but
known
as
much
two
Years
since
,
I
had
not
only
saved
infinite
Expences
,
but
had
lived
with
a
quieter
Mind
ere
this
time
,
then
now
I
do
.
When
Cranmer
was
Introduced
,
the
King
demanded
if
he
would
stand
to
what
he
had
said
.
To
which
he
replyed
,
that
he
would
:
Whereupon
the
King
commanded
him
to
write
his
Opinion
,
as
likewise
the
Earl
of
Wiltshire
to
furnish
him
with
private
Lodgings
,
Books
,
and
whatever
he
required
.
When
Cranmer
had
written
as
he
thought
fit
,
he
presented
it
to
the
King
,
who
highly
approved
it
,
and
asked
him
if
he
would
make
it
good
before
the
Pope
:
The
which
he
undertook
to
do
,
and
desired
the
King
,
that
learned
Men
might
be
sent
to
other
Universities
to
know
their
Opinions
;
which
was
accorded
to
,
and
Cranmer
with
the
Earl
of
Wiltshire
,
sent
as
the
King's
Ambassadors
to
Rome
,
where
the
Pope
holding
forth
his
pontifical
Toe
for
them
to
kiss
,
an
unmannerly
Spaniel
of
the
Earls
,
run
and
caught
it
in
his
Mouth
;
after
which
the
Ambassadors
refused
the
Favour
,
and
the
Pope
pulled
in
his
Foot
again
.
Cranmer
having
made
his
Business
known
,
offered
to
Dispute
with
any
that
would
undertake
to
Defend
against
his
Opinons
:
Saying
he
would
prove
it
Jure
Divino
,
That
a
Brother
ought
not
to
Marry
his
Brothers
Wife
.
But
finding
none
that
would
Argue
in
that
Point
;
after
the
Pope
had
made
him
his
Penitentiary
he
left
Rome
,
and
went
into
Germany
,
where
he
put
the
Question
to
those
of
the
chiefest
University
,
who
confirmed
what
he
had
said
;
and
he
returned
into
England
,
bringing
with
him
the
Opinions
of
above
two
hundred
learned
Men
,
who
concurred
with
him
,
that
the
Marriage
was
Unlawful
.
About
the
same
time
those
that
the
King
sent
into
Italy
,
and
other
Parts
returned
,
bringing
the
Opinions
of
most
Universities
,
which
were
coherent
with
the
other
.
When
as
the
King
having
kept
the
Arch-Bishoprick
of
Canterbury
(
which
became
Vacant
by
the
Death
of
William
Warham
)
by
the
Space
of
ten
Months
,
upon
Cranmer's
Return
he
bestowed
it
on
him
,
though
he
much
declined
it
,
having
delay'd
his
Business
the
longer
,
in
hopes
some
one
or
other
would
obtain
it
before
his
Arrival
;
for
he
well
knew
that
he
must
not
only
take
an
Oath
to
the
Pope
,
but
by
such
an
Advancement
incur
the
Envy
of
many
,
who
gaped
for
such
a
Promotion
:
But
the
King
pressing
it
upon
him
,
he
could
not
refuse
it
;
yet
he
gave
the
Popes
Bull
into
the
King's
Hand
saying
,
That
he
would
never
receive
the
chief
Bishoprick
of
England
from
any
,
but
him
who
was
Head
of
England
:
Nor
take
an
Oath
that
was
derogatory
to
the
King's
Authority
.
Being
thus
Invested
Primate
of
England
,
he
carried
himself
so
Circumspect
,
and
was
so
Meek
,
and
Merciful
,
that
it
grew
to
a
Proverb
,
viz.
Do
my
Lord
of
Canterbury
a
shrewd
Turn
,
and
he
will
be
your
Friend
as
long
as
you
live
.
For
several
Years
he
had
the
whole
weight
of
Reforming
the
Religion
upon
his
Shoulders
,
insomuch
that
by
Reason
of
the
continual
Resort
,
his
House
seemed
rather
a
publick
Court
,
than
a
private
House
.
But
he
continued
not
long
in
this
Dignity
,
before
the
Popish
Serpents
began
to
spit
their
Venom
:
Especially
Gardiner
,
who
used
his
utmost
Diligence
to
bring
him
into
Disgrace
with
the
King
:
And
in
order
to
effect
his
wicked
Purpose
,
was
the
chiefest
Promoter
of
the
six
bloody
Articles
,
which
cost
many
a
brave
Man
his
Life
.
Nor
was
this
all
,
for
they
often
suborned
Ruffians
to
swear
Treason
and
Heresie
against
him
;
but
God
so
ordered
the
matter
,
that
what
was
objected
,
was
but
rarely
Believed
,
and
the
Undertakers
so
disencouraged
,
that
they
rather
brought
themselves
into
Disgrace
,
than
this
good
Bishop
.
Yet
the
King
once
,
to
try
the
Virtue
and
Patience
of
Cranmer
,
made
him
believe
he
would
deliver
him
up
to
the
Will
of
his
Enemies
:
But
when
he
perceived
he
was
no
ways
feared
to
bring
his
Actions
to
the
Test
,
and
by
that
discerned
his
Innocence
:
He
gave
him
his
Ring
,
commanding
him
to
Appeal
to
him
,
if
they
offered
to
use
him
Uncourteously
.
Next
Day
he
was
sent
for
,
to
Appear
in
the
Council-Chamber
,
to
make
good
several
Articles
charged
against
him
:
But
being
come
into
the
Lobby
,
they
made
him
wait
almost
an
Hour
amongst
the
Footmen
;
although
himself
at
that
time
was
a
Privy
Councellor
:
Of
which
Disgrace
Dr.
Buts
the
Kings
Physician
,
giving
the
King
to
understand
,
he
grew
extream
angry
:
Saying
,
Ha
,
do
my
Counsellors
so
disgracefully
use
the
Primate
of
England
?
and
thereupon
he
sent
to
command
his
Admittance
.
When
he
was
entred
,
the
Council
told
him
that
it
was
laid
to
his
Charge
,
that
all
England
was
turned
from
the
Catholick
Faith
,
and
infected
with
Heresie
by
his
means
:
For
that
by
the
Example
of
his
private
Devotion
and
Order
in
his
Family
,
most
of
the
Churches
had
taken
Example
.
Whereupon
he
desired
to
see
his
Accusers
,
that
he
might
see
what
Proof
they
could
make
of
what
they
laid
to
his
Charge
,
that
so
he
might
return
his
present
Answer
to
what
they
should
object
against
him
,
and
thereby
clear
his
Innocence
:
Saying
,
That
it
was
not
meet
that
the
Primate
of
England
,
and
a
Privy
Councellor
,
whose
Faith
was
never
Bubled
,
nor
call'd
in
Question
,
should
be
Imprisoned
before
he
was
heard
;
and
that
he
believed
what
was
said
was
only
upon
bare
Suspicion
:
But
when
he
perceived
them
resolutely
bent
to
send
him
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
,
he
told
them
that
he
was
very
sorry
they
would
oblige
him
to
Appeal
from
themselves
(
who
were
his
fellow
Councellors
,
and
from
whom
he
expected
Justice
)
to
the
King
,
and
thereupon
he
delivered
the
King's
Ring
,
citing
them
presently
to
appear
before
him
,
and
in
the
mean
time
to
suspend
their
Decree
:
Whereupon
they
were
all
struck
Blanck
,
and
the
Lord
Russel
,
who
was
afterwards
Earl
of
Bedford
,
Said
,
Did
not
I
tell
you
that
the
King
would
never
suffer
the
Arch-Bishop
to
be
Imprisoned
,
unless
he
were
guilty
of
High
Treason
against
his
Majesty
.
When
they
came
into
the
Kings
presence
,
he
sharply
reproved
them
for
their
so
using
the
Arch-Bishop
,
saying
,
He
expected
better
from
them
,
then
to
let
Cranmer
who
was
one
of
their
fellow
Councellors
,
stand
amongst
serving-men
;
demanding
whether
any
of
them
would
not
have
taken
it
for
a
great
Affront
,
had
they
been
so
served
,
and
thereupon
striking
himself
on
the
Brest
,
he
swore
that
he
was
more
beholden
to
Cranmer
then
to
any
man
Living
,
and
that
upon
Tryal
he
had
found
that
no
Prelate
whatsoever
could
be
more
faithful
to
his
King
;
and
therefore
commanded
that
all
that
loved
him
,
should
hold
Cranmer
in
high
Esteem
.
Upon
this
they
stood
Mute
for
a
while
;
when
as
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
breaking
silence
,
said
,
May
it
please
your
Majesty
,
it
was
not
our
purpose
to
hurt
the
Arch-Bishop
;
but
that
he
being
kept
in
Custody
during
the
Inquisition
,
his
Innocence
might
be
the
sooner
cleared
,
and
the
Aspersion
laid
upon
his
Reputation
wholly
obliterated
.
But
the
King
Angerly
replyed
,
I
will
not
have
Cranmer
thus
handled
,
nor
any
that
are
dear
to
me
,
but
I
perceive
some
malicious
Spirits
amongst
you
,
which
I
will
(
unless
you
be
quiet
)
restrain
by
interposing
my
Authority
.
And
when
he
had
said
thus
much
,
he
departed
in
a
great
Rage
;
upon
which
each
Councellor
taking
Cranmer
by
the
hand
,
desired
to
be
Friends
with
him
,
to
which
he
easily
Condescended
,
freely
forgiving
them
,
and
all
others
that
had
any
ways
injured
him
.
After
this
,
by
reason
that
Dr.
Cox
and
others
,
that
were
sent
to
Canterbury
to
inquire
into
the
matter
,
neglected
the
same
,
and
had
done
little
or
nothing
therein
,
as
being
bribed
by
Cranmer's
Enemies
.
The
King
secretly
sent
Dr.
Lee
,
impowering
him
to
search
the
houses
of
some
eminent
Papists
,
the
which
he
did
at
Mid-night
,
and
there
surprized
several
Letters
sent
by
Gardener
,
another
to
give
Directions
in
the
Management
of
the
design
,
and
amongst
the
rest
,
two
,
one
from
the
Suffragan
of
Dover
,
and
another
Dr.
Barber
a
Civilian
man
,
whom
he
had
not
only
advanced
,
but
greatly
confided
in
.
When
these
Letters
were
brought
to
the
King
,
he
sent
for
Cranmer
and
delivered
them
to
him
,
bidding
him
now
since
he
knew
his
Enemies
to
beware
of
them
.
When
he
was
gone
from
the
Kings
presence
,
he
sent
for
the
Suffragan
and
Dr.
Barber
,
telling
them
that
he
had
been
shamefully
abused
,
by
some
whom
he
most
trusted
;
and
that
they
had
not
only
revealed
his
inmost
Counsels
,
but
likewise
raised
many
false
Scandals
of
him
.
Therefore
he
had
called
them
to
give
him
their
advice
,
what
was
best
to
be
done
upon
that
occasion
.
Marry
quoth
Dr.
Barber
,
such
Villains
deserve
hanging
,
nay
,
hanging
is
too
good
for
them
.
Yea
,
said
the
Suffragan
,
rather
then
they
should
want
an
Executioner
,
I
my self
would
be
he
.
Upon
this
the
Arch-Bishop
lifting
up
his
Eyes
towards
Heaven
,
said
,
O
Lord
and
most
merciful
God
,
who
may
a
man
trust
in
these
days
,
&c.
and
thereupon
he
demanded
whether
they
knew
those
Letters
.
When
perceiving
that
their
Villanies
were
brought
to
Light
,
they
fell
upon
their
Knees
,
and
begged
his
Pardon
for
their
offences
.
Which
he
easily
forgave
,
saying
,
God
make
you
good
men
;
I
never
deserved
this
at
your
hands
,
but
ask
God
forgiveness
,
whom
you
have
so
highly
offended
.
And
in
such
Conflicts
continued
he
,
against
his
Popish
Adversaries
,
till
the
Death
of
King
Henry
,
but
King
Edward
the
sixth
Reigning
he
had
more
quiet
,
and
greatly
helped
on
the
Reformation
,
by
incouraging
Godly
men
therein
,
not
only
with
his
Doctrine
and
Authority
,
but
with
his
Estate
.
But
the
good
King
dying
,
his
bloody
Sister
no
sooner
came
to
the
Crown
,
but
he
was
imprisoned
in
the
Tower
,
refusing
to
fly
altho
he
might
have
done
it
,
saying
,
that
had
he
been
accused
of
Theft
,
Murder
,
or
any
other
notorious
Crimes
,
he
could
safely
have
done
it
:
But
being
to
Answer
for
his
Religion
,
and
the
Allegiance
he
owed
to
Heaven
,
and
concerning
the
Truth
of
the
holy
Scriptures
,
against
the
great
opposers
thereof
;
he
would
rather
lose
his
Life
in
defence
of
the
Truth
,
then
by
flying
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
desert
such
a
Cause
.
He
having
continued
a
considerable
time
in
the
Tower
,
and
there
often
Examined
and
perswaded
to
recant
,
but
utterly
refusing
to
hearken
thereunto
,
he
was
sent
to
Oxford
,
and
there
after
divers
Examinations
and
great
Promises
if
he
would
recant
,
he
was
brought
before
the
Queens
Commissioners
and
Popes
Delegates
;
but
the
Authority
of
the
latter
he
would
by
no
means
own
,
yet
they
proceeded
to
degrade
and
sentence
him
,
altho
he
appealed
from
the
Pope
,
to
the
next
general
Councel
.
After
this
they
carried
him
back
to
Prison
,
at
which
he
seemed
not
at
all
dejected
,
but
with
a
merry
Countenance
demanded
meat
,
having
eaten
nothing
the
day
before
,
saying
,
I
was
much
troubled
but
now
I
thank
God
my
heart
is
at
quiet
.
After
this
the
popish
Doctors
frequently
visited
him
,
and
used
all
the
Arguments
they
could
,
to
perswade
him
to
a
Recantation
;
but
he
absolutely
resolved
for
a
Considerable
time
,
but
at
last
through
Humane
frailty
and
desire
of
Life
,
he
did
subscribe
to
a
Recantation
,
but
so
far
were
his
Enemies
from
fulfilling
their
Promise
,
that
they
hastened
his
Death
;
yet
let
him
not
know
of
it
,
till
the
Morning
he
was
to
be
Executed
;
when
as
they
brought
him
out
,
and
set
him
upon
a
Stage
for
the
People
to
gaze
at
,
whilst
Dr.
Cole
declared
upon
what
Account
he
was
brought
thither
,
laying
open
for
what
he
was
Condemned
:
But
above
all
told
,
them
how
he
had
recanted
;
yet
his
Life
could
not
be
Pardoned
,
for
the
Deaths
of
Sr.
Thomas
Moor
,
and
Dr.
Fisher
could
no
other
ways
be
attoned
for
.
But
the
true
Cause
of
it
was
,
that
Cardinal
Pool
gaped
for
the
Arch-Bishoprick
,
which
he
could
not
have
during
the
Life
of
Cranmer
.
Then
they
desired
him
publickly
to
Confess
,
what
he
had
privately
done
.
When
as
the
good
Bishop
being
greatly
Afflicted
,
and
troubled
in
his
Conscience
,
for
what
he
had
done
;
burst
out
into
a
Flood
of
Tears
,
and
after
his
Speech
came
to
him
;
he
lifted
up
his
hands
towards
Heaven
,
saying
;
O
Lord
forgive
me
this
great
Sin
,
against
thy
holy
Name
;
which
through
the
Weakness
of
the
Flesh
.
I
have
unadvisedly
Committed
.
And
then
addressing
himself
to
the
People
,
he
desired
them
for
Jesus
Christ
sake
,
to
pray
for
him
;
that
God
would
pardon
his
Sins
,
and
Especially
that
of
his
Recantation
,
which
lay
most
heavy
on
his
Conscience
;
for
that
he
had
done
it
contrary
to
the
Truth
that
he
conceived
in
his
Heart
;
and
against
the
Light
of
his
own
understanding
,
Satan
having
induced
him
thereto
,
by
laying
before
him
,
the
Terribleness
of
Death
;
but
,
say'd
he
,
this
right
hand
that
signed
so
wicked
an
Instrument
,
shall
first
perish
in
the
Flames
.
He
would
have
proceeded
,
but
the
Popish
Doctors
who
little
expected
he
would
speak
in
such
a
Dialect
,
fell
to
Bawling
so
loud
,
and
cursing
him
that
he
could
not
be
heard
further
;
then
they
pulled
him
down
,
and
hurried
him
away
to
the
Fire
,
which
was
made
in
the
same
place
where
Ridley
and
Latimer
had
suffered
,
stopping
his
mouth
lest
he
should
any
more
speak
to
the
People
;
who
were
not
a
little
grieved
;
to
see
the
Primate
of
England
cast
down
from
all
his
Honours
,
and
in
the
end
so
barbarously
mis-used
.
When
he
came
to
the
Stake
,
he
fell
down
on
his
Knees
and
Prayed
;
but
was
interrupted
by
the
Papists
,
who
followed
him
with
his
Recantation
,
saying
,
have
you
not
signed
it
,
have
you
not
signed
it
?
Then
he
was
tyed
to
the
Stake
,
his
cloaths
being
first
put
off
,
and
the
Fire
being
kindled
to
him
,
some
time
before
it
came
at
his
Body
;
he
stretched
forth
his
right
Hand
,
and
held
it
in
the
Flames
till
it
fell
off
,
without
any
more
then
once
drawing
it
back
.
And
after
having
recommended
his
Spirit
,
into
the
hand
of
our
merciful
Redeemer
the
Lord
Jesus
:
he
dyed
like
a
Lamb
,
ending
his
Life
with
the
same
Meekness
as
he
had
lived
,
suffering
Martyrdom
for
the
sake
of
the
everlasting
Gospel
.
Anno
Christi
,
1556.
and
of
his
Age
72.
One
thing
more
is
worthy
to
be
noted
,
and
of
all
Admiration
,
which
,
that
his
Body
being
Consumed
to
Ashes
,
his
Heart
was
found
unsinged
,
untouched
,
or
in
the
least
sullied
in
the
Flame
:
The
like
had
it
happened
to
any
Catholick
tho
dying
for
Treason
,
it
had
been
blown
over
all
Europe
as
a
Miracle
,
and
that
Miracle
had
been
enough
to
Saint
him
.
His
works
were
these
,
Chatechismum
Doctrinae
Christina
:
He
Corrected
the
English
Translation
of
the
English
Bible
;
he
wrote
,
Ordinationes
Ecclesiae
Reformatae
.
De
Ministris
Ordinandis
.
De
Eucharistia
.
Jura
Ecclesiastica
con●
▪
Gardineri
Concionem
contra
Transubstantiationis
Errorem
.
Quomodo
Christus
Adsit
,
in
Coena
.
De
usu
Coenae
Dominicae
.
De
Oblatione
Christi
Homilia
Christiana
.
A
Confutation
of
unwritten
Verities
:
Against
the
Popes
Primacy
:
Against
Purgatory
:
About
Justification
:
Together
with
several
learned
Epistles
,
to
exhort
men
to
be
steadfast
in
the
Faith
.
The
Life
of
JOHN
PHILPOT
Martyr
.
JOhn
Philpot
was
born
in
Hampshire
of
Worshipful
Parents
,
and
after
his
being
fitted
for
the
University
,
he
was
sent
to
New
Colledg
in
Oxford
,
and
there
profited
so
much
in
his
Studies
,
he
was
soon
perfect
in
all
the
Tongues
;
and
then
betook
himself
to
the
Study
of
the
Civil
Law
,
and
after
that
Divinity
;
being
a
Man
of
a
most
pregnant
Wit.
Yet
shewing
his
Opinion
too
openly
in
Matters
of
Religion
,
during
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
he
was
often
in
Danger
by
reason
of
the
Malice
of
his
Adversaries
.
Insomuch
that
to
avoid
them
,
he
Travelled
to
Italy
,
where
he
was
not
safe
neither
,
for
by
reason
of
the
great
Zeal
he
had
for
God's
Holy
Word
,
he
could
not
forbear
to
speak
against
the
Idolatries
and
Superstitions
of
the
Church
of
Rome
:
Yet
through
the
Protection
of
the
Almighty
,
who
reserv'd
him
as
a
chosen
Vessel
,
to
propagate
the
Reformation
in
his
own
Country
,
He
at
the
beginning
of
King
Edward's
Reign
arrived
in
England
,
and
was
shortly
after
his
coming
made
Arch-Deacon
of
Winchester
.
But
when
the
Bloody
Queen
Mary
came
to
mount
the
Throne
he
lost
his
Place
,
yet
continued
his
Title
,
when
within
a
while
after
,
a
Convocation
by
the
Queen's
Command
was
called
in
St.
Paul's
Church
,
where
Dr.
Weston
being
Prolocutor
,
Mr.
Philpot
was
likewise
chosen
by
the
Bishops
and
others
of
the
reformed
Church
,
to
oppose
the
Papists
in
the
Disputation
:
Where
he
so
learnedly
managed
his
Part
,
that
he
put
his
Adversaries
to
Silence
;
and
when
they
perceived
that
no
Arguments
would
bear
them
out
,
they
threatened
him
with
a
Prison
if
he
spoke
any
more
;
and
so
within
a
short
time
after
,
procured
a
Mandate
from
the
Queen
to
break
up
the
Convocation
.
The
Prolocutor
who
had
all
along
used
such
insolent
Behaviour
,
as
should
be
far
from
one
in
his
place
:
Saying
,
That
they
were
all
well
enough
.
For
,
say's
he
,
we
have
the
Sword
,
and
you
have
the
Word
.
Within
a
while
after
there
came
an
Order
from
Gardener
to
apprehend
Mr.
Philpot
,
which
was
accordingly
done
,
and
he
committed
to
Prison
:
And
then
being
sent
for
by
Dr.
Story
,
he
first
Examined
him
,
and
afterwards
sent
him
to
Bonner
,
who
put
him
in
his
Cole-House
,
where
he
found
one
Smith
a
Minister
of
Essex
,
who
having
been
formerly
there
,
at
the
Importunities
of
Bonner
had
made
his
Recantation
,
and
was
dismissed
:
But
finding
such
inward
Torments
in
his
Conscience
,
that
he
could
rest
neither
Day
nor
Night
;
he
came
to
the
Bishop's
Register
,
and
desired
to
see
his
Recantation
,
upon
pretence
of
adding
something
more
;
but
the
Book
was
no
sooner
opened
,
but
he
tore
it
in
pieces
,
and
then
immediately
found
ease
:
Yet
was
he
apprehended
and
carried
before
Bonner
,
who
not
only
railed
at
him
,
but
beat
him
with
his
Fist
,
tore
off
his
Hair
,
and
used
many
other
Outrages
,
which
he
patiently
indured
,
rejoycing
at
his
outward
Sufferings
,
and
induring
his
Imprisonment
better
than
his
Inlargement
.
Within
a
Day
or
two
Mr.
Philpot
was
sent
for
to
appear
before
Bonner
,
who
a●●ed
how
he
could
be
so
Merry
as
to
sing
Psalms
in
such
a
Place
,
Rejoycing
in
his
Naughtiness
.
Not
so
my
Lord
,
said
Mr.
Philpot
,
but
according
to
the
Directions
of
St.
Paul
we
rejoyce
in
the
Lord
,
singing
together
in
Hymns
and
Spiritual
Songs
;
for
we
are
in
a
dark
and
comfortless
Place
,
and
therefore
we
comfort
our selves
as
well
as
we
can
,
lest
as
Solomon
say's
,
Sorrow
should
eat
up
the
Heart
.
Therefore
seeing
the
Apostle
say's
,
If
a
Man
be
of
an
upright
Mind
,
let
him
sing
Psalms
;
and
we
being
so
,
I
hope
your
Lordship
will
not
be
Angry
.
Then
Bonner
demanded
his
Opinion
about
the
Sacrament
,
but
he
replyed
in
the
Words
of
St.
Ambrose
to
the
Emperor
Valentinian
,
Tolle
Legem
&
fiat
certamen
,
Take
away
the
Law
and
I
will
dispute
.
For
should
I
now
do
it
,
I
should
bring
my self
into
a
Snare
;
neither
do
I
think
myself
bound
to
answer
in
Private
,
but
if
I
am
called
to
answer
in
Publick
,
as
the
Law
shall
require
;
I
shall
not
be
ashamed
of
the
Gospel
of
Christ
,
nor
the
Testimony
I
have
born
of
it
.
Then
was
he
again
carried
to
the
Cole-House
,
where
he
professed
he
slept
as
well
upon
Straw
,
as
on
a
Bed
of
Down
.
Such
is
it
to
have
a
good
Conscience
,
which
as
the
wise
Man
saith
,
Is
a
continual
Feast
.
He
being
sent
for
again
,
found
several
Doctors
and
Bishops
with
Bonner
,
who
were
come
to
Examine
him
;
when
as
the
Bishop
of
Worcester
desired
him
to
pray
to
God
to
give
him
Grace
,
that
so
he
might
conceive
the
Truth
:
Whereupon
Mr.
Philpot
falling
on
his
Knees
,
prayed
earnestly
with
an
audible
Voice
,
desiring
God
to
strengthen
him
to
defend
his
Cause
,
as
also
to
better
his
Understanding
if
he
was
deceived
in
ought
:
But
Bonner
was
displeased
with
the
Bishop
for
bidding
him
Pray
:
For
said
he
,
This
it
is
,
in
which
they
take
a
singular
Pride
,
and
are
like
some
Hereticks
that
Pliny
makes
mention
of
,
who
were
used
to
sing
Ante-Lucanas
Hymans
,
To
sing
Praises
before
the
dawning
of
the
Day
.
Yes
said
Mr.
Philpot
,
I
beseech
God
of
his
Mercy
to
make
all
that
are
here
present
such
Hereticks
,
for
they
were
Godly
Christians
,
with
whom
the
Tyrants
of
the
World
were
offended
for
their
Christian
Practices
,
and
Godly
Living
.
After
this
,
the
Bishops
demanded
if
he
would
Recant
,
but
he
told
them
he
would
not
,
unless
they
could
convince
him
of
any
Error
by
Scripture
;
but
they
would
not
Dispute
,
and
the
Conference
ended
,
and
he
was
Remanded
to
the
Cole-hole
,
and
there
set
in
the
Stocks
;
and
within
a
short
time
after
Condemned
,
Degraded
,
and
sent
to
Newgate
:
When
by
the
Way
he
Exhorted
the
People
to
be
Constant
,
and
Persevere
in
the
Faith
of
Christ
;
and
desired
them
to
bless
God
for
that
Day
wherein
he
was
to
suffer
.
When
he
came
to
Newgate
,
he
was
put
into
a
disconsolate
Place
by
himself
,
and
had
Word
brought
him
the
next
Morning
,
that
he
must
Suffer
that
Day
;
when
with
a
chearful
Countenance
he
replyed
,
I
am
ready
,
God
grant
me
Strength
,
and
a
joyful
Resurrection
.
And
after
his
having
retired
a
while
to
Pray
,
he
came
forth
,
and
was
Conveyed
into
Smithfield
,
where
he
no
sooner
came
but
he
fell
on
his
Knees
,
and
with
a
loud
Voice
cryed
,
I
will
pay
my
Vows
in
thee
O
Smithfield
.
Then
rising
up
he
Kissed
and
Imbraced
the
Stake
;
saying
,
Shall
I
disdain
to
suffer
at
this
Stake
,
when
my
Lord
and
Saviour
refused
not
to
Suffer
a
most
vile
Death
for
me
?
And
so
after
having
pow'red
out
his
Soul
to
God
,
he
suffered
himself
to
be
bound
with
the
Chain
;
and
when
the
Fire
was
kindled
,
he
commended
his
Spirit
into
the
Hands
of
the
Father
of
all
Spirits
,
and
patiently
gave
up
the
Ghost
.
Suffering
Martyrdom
Anno
Christi
1555.
and
of
his
Age
about
forty
nine
.
The
Life
of
PHILIP
MELANCTHONE
.
PHilip
Melancthone
was
born
in
the
lower
Palatinate
,
at
a
Place
called
Bretta
,
Anno
Christi
1497
,
where
by
his
Parents
he
was
sent
to
School
;
from
whence
,
when
he
had
much
profited
in
Learning
,
he
went
to
Hedleberg
,
where
he
became
a
Tutor
to
Count
Leonstius's
Sons
,
&
Commenced
Batchelor
of
Arts
when
he
was
but
fourteen
Years
of
Age.
When
he
had
studied
there
three
Years
,
being
denyed
the
Commencement
of
Master
of
Arts
by
reason
of
his
Youth
,
he
departed
thence
to
Tubinge
Anno
1512
,
where
he
began
to
Study
the
Scriptures
,
and
apply
himself
to
Expound
several
difficult
Places
;
yet
by
the
Perswasion
of
the
Monks
and
Fryers
,
he
was
prevailed
with
,
to
consent
to
the
Superstition
of
the
Times
,
as
himself
Confesses
;
when
he
saith
,
I
cannot
but
Tremble
to
think
what
blind
Devotion
I
paid
to
Images
,
whil'st
I
was
a
Papist
.
Yet
as
it
appears
,
he
continued
not
long
in
such
Errors
before
God
opened
his
Eyes
,
and
Inlightened
his
Understanding
,
that
so
he
might
walk
in
the
Paths
of
Truth
:
For
about
the
Year
1518
,
Luther
mightily
opposing
the
Pope
in
Saxony
,
he
went
to
the
University
of
Wintenberg
,
and
there
Conversing
with
some
of
the
Ministers
of
the
Reformed
Church
,
he
soon
shook
off
the
Egyptian
Bondage
,
and
thereupon
that
Darkness
that
had
so
long
benighted
his
Soul
was
dispelled
:
When
as
he
laboured
so
abundantly
in
Confuting
Errors
,
and
Preaching
the
Gospel
;
that
Erasmus
writes
thus
of
him
.
Philip
Melancthone
,
say's
he
,
Is
a
most
Excellent
and
Learned
Grecian
;
he
is
a
Youth
and
Stripling
if
we
consider
his
Age
,
but
one
of
us
,
if
we
look
upon
his
Variety
of
Knowledg
almost
in
all
Books
:
I
pray
Christ
this
young
Man
may
live
amongst
us
,
&c.
He
had
not
continued
long
there
,
before
Frederick
Duke
of
Saxony
having
Knowledg
of
his
great
Learning
and
Virtue
,
greatly
Extolled
him
,
and
gave
him
such
Incouragement
as
was
convenient
.
The
Year
after
his
coming
thither
,
he
accompanied
Luther
to
Lipswich
,
where
he
Disputed
with
Eccius
the
Popish
Lawyer
;
who
altho
he
contemned
him
for
his
Youth
,
yet
Philip
so
learnedly
Disputed
against
him
,
that
he
put
him
to
Silence
,
Confuting
him
of
many
palpable
Errors
in
the
Doctrine
of
the
Church
of
Rome
.
The
Year
following
he
betook
him
to
Expound
the
Epistles
of
St.
Paul
to
the
Romans
,
which
Luther
caused
to
be
Printed
without
his
Knowledg
:
And
when
the
Divines
of
Paris
had
Condemned
Luther's
Doctrine
and
Books
,
Philip
wrote
an
Apology
in
Luther's
Behalf
against
their
rash
Decree
.
In
the
Year
1522
,
he
caused
his
common
Places
,
and
his
Commentaries
on
both
the
Epistles
to
the
Corinthians
to
be
Printed
and
Published
:
As
likewise
in
the
Year
following
,
his
Annotations
upon
Genesis
;
together
with
some
other
useful
Treatises
.
He
wrote
an
Epitomy
of
Ecclesiastick
Doctrine
,
and
turned
the
Proverbs
of
Solomon
into
Latin
,
and
wrote
a
Preface
to
the
Psalms
and
Lamentations
;
and
in
the
Anabaptist
war
,
commonly
called
the
War
with
the
Clowns
,
he
Confuted
by
many
convincing
Arguments
the
Unlawfulness
of
such
Proceedings
;
and
wrote
against
their
Articles
,
whereby
they
Indeavoured
to
Justify
their
Rebellious
Practices
.
Anno
1527
,
He
was
Imployed
in
Visiting
and
Reforming
the
Churches
in
Saxony
,
wherein
he
continued
till
the
Year
1529
,
when
as
the
Elector
of
Saxony
took
him
with
him
to
the
Convocation
of
Spire
,
where
by
the
Consent
of
the
Protestant
Princes
,
he
drew
up
a
Confession
of
Faith
,
which
he
did
with
great
Pains
and
Exactness
:
The
which
they
presented
to
the
Emperor
Charles
the
First
.
In
the
Year
1534.
Henry
the
Eighth
of
England
,
having
abolished
the
Popes
Supremacy
,
sent
for
Melancthone
to
establish
the
Church
,
according
to
the
Reformation
that
was
then
finished
in
the
German
Churches
:
But
he
refused
it
,
as
appears
by
part
of
a
Letter
he
wrote
to
Camerarius
;
which
take
as
followeth
.
Perhaps
(
says
he
)
many
things
are
reported
amongst
you
,
concerning
England
,
that
it
now
lyes
open
for
the
Reception
of
the
Religion
,
of
the
purer
Doctrine
;
but
I
have
Intelligence
from
a
good
hand
,
that
the
King
hath
a
great
Care
of
the
Affairs
of
the
Church
;
only
this
good
comes
of
it
,
his
Rejecting
the
Popes
Authority
,
that
for
the
Present
,
no
Cruelty
is
used
towards
those
that
are
desirous
of
a
better
Doctrine
.
About
this
time
,
by
reason
of
Luther's
Sickness
,
all
the
Care
of
the
Church
lay
upon
him
;
the
which
he
so
well
managed
,
that
the
true
Light
of
saving
Knowledge
,
began
to
spread
it's
Rays
into
most
of
the
Corners
of
Germany
:
He
being
about
to
go
to
Hagenaw
,
he
made
his
Will
and
left
it
with
Mr.
Cruciger
,
at
which
time
he
fore-seeing
his
Sickness
,
which
in
a
short
time
after
befell
him
,
he
wrote
this
Verse
.
Viximus
in
Synodis
,
&
jam
moriemur
in
Illis
.
Which
may
be
Englished
thus
,
Imploy'd
in
Synod
,
Living
oft
were
we
,
And
in
a
Synod
,
are
we
like
to
dye
.
In
this
journey
he
fell
extreme
sick
,
but
by
Gods
Providence
,
and
the
indeavours
of
his
Physicians
he
soon
recovered
,
and
proceeded
to
the
place
intended
;
where
he
held
a
long
Dispute
with
that
Eccius
,
so
often
mentioned
;
in
which
Eccius
proposed
so
many
subtil
Arguments
,
that
Melancthone
either
not
thinking
it
Convenient
to
Answer
them
at
that
time
,
or
that
he
was
not
fitly
prepared
on
that
occasion
answered
:
Cras
tibi
respondebo
,
I
will
Answer
you
●o
morrow
.
At
which
the
Vain-glorious
Eccius
replyed
,
That
it
was
little
to
his
Credit
,
that
he
could
not
Answer
presently
.
But
Melancthone
being
of
a
mild
Nature
,
replyed
,
Sir
,
I
seek
not
mine
own
Glory
in
this
Business
,
but
the
Truth
;
to
morrow
,
God
willing
,
you
shall
hear
farther
.
When
the
Wars
brake
out
in
Germany
,
he
plainly
fore-saw
in
a
Dream
,
the
Captivity
of
the
Lantgrave
of
Hess
,
and
Elector
of
Saxony
,
long
time
before
they
were
taken
Prisoners
,
by
the
Imperialists
:
And
the
next
day
after
he
had
so
dreamed
,
a
Messenger
came
to
Prince
Maurice
,
to
deliver
him
up
;
but
the
Prince
refused
it
,
upon
which
the
Emperor
grew
exceeding
Angry
;
and
for
that
,
and
some
other
denials
he
had
received
,
he
resolved
to
invade
Saxony
.
Which
he
did
accordingly
with
a
puissant
Army
,
this
made
Melancthone
much
bewail
the
Calamity
,
occasioned
by
the
furious
Papists
,
who
had
sworn
to
Root
out
all
the
Protestants
.
But
Heaven
prevented
them
,
altho
they
did
much
Mischief
,
and
made
great
slaughter
.
After
his
Return
to
Wittenberg
,
the
Plague
broke
out
,
upon
which
the
University
removed
to
Torgaw
,
whither
he
came
,
and
there
received
News
of
the
Death
of
his
Wife
,
at
which
he
only
said
;
Farewel
Kate
,
I
shall
follow
thee
ere
long
.
This
by
most
was
looked
upon
to
proceed
,
from
his
wonderful
Patience
,
for
he
loved
her
above
all
Earthly
things
.
After
his
coming
thither
,
he
had
many
Disputes
with
the
Popish
party
,
both
by
Words
and
Writing
.
The
last
Lecture
that
he
read
,
he
took
his
Text
out
of
the
Prophet
Isaiah
,
in
these
Words
;
Lord
who
hath
believed
our
Report
?
After
which
he
fore
seeing
his
Death
at
hand
,
yet
at
that
time
he
was
in
good
Health
,
he
used
often
,
and
upon
several
Occasions
to
repeat
these
Words
.
Sic
Ego
quotidie
,
de
lecto
surgo
Precando
,
Vt
mens
ad
mortem
,
sit
dulce
laeta
Deo
.
Englished
thus
,
So
do
I
daily
rise
from
Bed
,
to
Pray
.
A
while
after
this
,
he
was
sent
for
by
the
Elector
of
Saxony
to
Lipsich
:
In
order
,
to
Examine
those
that
were
maintained
there
by
the
Elector
to
study
Divinity
.
In
which
imployment
,
he
used
great
diligence
for
several
years
,
and
after
he
had
done
what
was
Convenient
,
he
returned
to
Winterberg
;
and
there
fell
sick
of
a
Feaver
,
of
which
he
shortly
after
dyed
.
During
his
Sickness
,
there
was
a
dreadful
Prodigy
seen
in
the
Air
over
the
City
,
which
was
five
Rods
bound
together
;
two
of
which
after
half
an
Hours
Continuance
Vanishing
,
but
the
other
three
continued
turning
their
Branches
towards
the
North
:
Of
which
,
when
Melancthone
was
Informed
,
he
break
out
into
these
Word
;
What
a
gracious
God
have
we
,
that
rather
chuses
to
give
us
Fatherly
Correction
with
Rods
,
than
to
destroy
us
with
Swords
;
and
I
fear
a
Dearth
will
follow
.
Sickness
daily
increased
,
yet
he
so
far
strove
against
the
Power
of
his
Disease
,
that
he
would
often
rise
to
his
Study
.
Yet
at
last
,
Death
which
Conquers
all
,
Conquer'd
this
good
man
:
The
last
Words
that
he
spake
,
were
to
his
Son-in-Law
Dr.
P●cer
,
who
,
when
he
asked
him
what
he
would
have
,
he
replyed
;
Nothing
but
Heaven
,
therefore
trouble
me
no
more
with
speaking
to
me
:
After
this
he
lying
silent
,
whilst
the
Ministers
prayed
by
him
,
he
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
Anno
Christi
,
1560.
and
in
the
sixty
third
year
of
his
Age
,
having
been
a
constant
Preacher
of
the
Gospel
,
for
the
space
of
forty
two
years
:
In
which
,
he
converted
by
his
Doctrine
,
and
Writings
,
no
less
,
from
the
Popish
to
the
Protestant
Religion
,
then
twelve
Cities
,
and
a
hundred
Villages
.
He
wrote
many
Books
,
some
of
which
the
Papists
burnt
,
and
the
rest
are
as
yet
Extant
.
He
was
a
man
of
singular
Learning
,
Temperance
,
and
Piety
;
his
Death
being
greatly
Lamented
by
all
good
Christians
.
The
Life
of
PETER
MARTYR
.
PEter
Martyr
,
was
by
Birth
a
Florentine
:
Born
at
Vermile
,
Anno
Christi
,
1500.
of
Honourable
Parents
.
Who
during
his
Minority
trained
him
up
in
Learning
,
and
gave
him
such
pious
Instructions
,
as
by
his
Improvement
,
compleated
him
for
the
Sacred
study
of
the
Holy
Scripture
:
When
he
was
grown
up
they
put
him
to
School
,
to
the
best
Masters
that
Age
afforded
;
under
whom
,
when
he
had
profited
to
Admiration
,
he
began
to
consider
the
many
Vanities
of
the
World
,
and
to
be
more
studious
of
his
Eternal
Welfare
.
Whereupon
he
resolved
to
withdraw
himself
,
from
Humane
Society
;
and
to
Live
a
more
retired
Life
.
Whereupon
not
being
above
sixteen
years
of
Age
,
he
entered
into
a
Monastery
of
regular
Cannons
of
St.
Augustine
,
in
Fessuala
,
a
little
Town
not
far
distant
from
the
City
of
Florence
:
Altho
much
against
the
will
of
his
Parents
.
Being
thus
entered
,
he
applyed
himself
duly
to
Study
,
making
use
of
such
Books
as
the
Library
of
that
Monastry
would
afford
;
where
in
three
Years
he
became
famous
in
the
Knowledg
of
Divine
Things
,
even
to
the
Admiration
of
all
his
Fellows
.
A
while
after
he
went
to
Padua
,
where
entring
into
a
Monastry
of
the
same
Order
,
he
continued
his
Studies
for
almost
the
space
of
eight
Years
,
greatly
Profiting
in
the
Rules
of
Philosophy
,
to
the
Study
of
which
he
much
addicted
himself
,
Translating
some
Books
of
Aristotle
out
of
the
Original
Greek
into
Latin
.
When
he
was
twenty
six
Years
of
Age
,
the
Heads
of
the
Monastery
Elected
him
one
of
the
Preachers
,
in
which
Station
he
continued
a
considerable
time
,
and
was
so
great
a
Proficient
therein
,
that
he
soon
grew
Famous
:
So
that
having
Commenced
Dr.
of
Divinity
,
he
Travelled
to
Rome
,
Bononia
,
Frimum
,
Pisa
,
Venice
,
Mantua
,
Bergamum
,
Mount-Ferrat
,
and
other
Cities
of
Italy
;
where
he
Preached
and
Expounded
the
Ecclesiastical
Ca●ons
,
getting
himself
by
such
means
great
Esteem
amongst
the
Learned
.
At
Bononia
he
learned
the
Hebrew
Tongue
,
and
Translated
the
New
Testament
out
of
the
Original
:
So
that
in
a
short
time
he
was
Created
Abbot
of
Spoleta
,
where
he
behaved
himself
so
prudently
,
that
he
won
the
Love
of
all
the
People
in
that
City
.
He
likewise
put
an
end
to
the
many
Factions
and
Differences
,
that
were
wont
to
happen
not
only
there
,
but
throughout
all
the
Province
,
which
was
not
a
little
Joy
to
all
good
Men
:
By
reason
great
Mischiefs
had
happ'ned
by
Intestine
Cryes
that
those
Feuds
had
occasioned
;
and
altho
many
of
his
Predecessors
had
undertaken
to
Reconcile
the
tempestuous
Spirits
,
or
Heads
of
the
Factious
,
their
Labours
proved
Inefectual
.
He
also
Rectified
,
and
much
Reformed
the
Errors
of
the
Monks
,
and
sharply
reproved
them
for
their
detestable
Practices
,
insomuch
that
he
reduced
all
things
to
a
happy
State
,
during
the
time
he
continued
there
,
which
was
but
three
Years
;
at
the
end
of
which
he
was
removed
to
Naples
,
and
there
Constituted
Governour
of
the
great
Colledg
,
which
is
a
place
of
much
Esteem
.
Here
he
having
more
Leisure
than
formerly
,
began
seriously
to
Expound
,
and
Unridle
the
dark
and
mysterious
Places
of
Scripture
:
Which
by
the
more
than
ordinary
Assistance
of
the
Divine
Spirit
,
he
did
so
effectually
,
that
by
that
Light
he
began
to
discern
the
Errors
of
the
Romish
Church
;
and
having
private
Access
to
some
of
the
Reformed
Ministers
,
he
was
so
confirmed
in
his
Opinion
,
that
he
had
been
trained
up
in
a
false
Religion
;
that
he
did
not
spare
openly
to
Dispute
against
many
of
the
Popish
Canons
:
Which
procured
him
some
Hatred
from
such
as
feared
the
loss
of
their
Incom's
by
the
Removal
of
such
Ceremonies
:
And
so
far
did
he
proceed
,
that
at
last
he
obtained
the
pure
Light
and
Knowledg
of
the
Gospel
,
and
secretly
Converted
many
noble
Persons
to
the
Reformed
Religion
,
and
openly
wrote
against
the
Tradition
of
Purgatory
,
which
the
first
Inventor
grounded
upon
the
Words
of
St.
Paul
,
1.
Cor.
3.13
,
14.
Every
Mans
Works
shall
be
made
Manifest
,
for
the
Day
shall
declare
it
,
because
it
shall
be
Revealed
by
Fire
,
&c.
This
Fire
he
proves
to
be
no
other
than
the
Operation
of
the
Holy
Spirit
in
the
Conscience
of
Men
,
which
as
Fire
trieth
the
Silver
,
so
by
that
means
shall
Mens
Deeds
be
tryed
,
and
the
Dross
separated
from
the
Ore
.
Yet
this
so
inraged
the
Papists
,
that
they
procured
him
to
be
Suspended
,
and
his
Lectures
put
down
.
Whereupon
he
Appealed
to
the
Pope
,
offering
to
prove
his
Doctrine
to
be
according
to
Scripture
;
and
so
prevailed
by
the
Assistance
of
his
Friends
,
that
he
was
again
restored
altho
to
the
great
Grief
of
his
Adversaries
:
But
had
not
long
been
Re-established
before
he
fell
Sick
,
so
that
many
despaired
of
his
Recovery
:
Yet
God
who
had
Reserved
him
as
a
chosen
Vessel
to
make
his
Church
Rejoyce
;
delivered
him
from
the
Jaws
of
Death
,
to
the
great
Comfort
of
his
Friends
,
and
Grief
of
his
Adversaries
.
He
was
no
sooner
recovered
,
but
he
was
made
Visitor-General
,
and
within
a
short
time
after
,
Prior
of
the
Monastery
of
Luca
,
where
he
so
well
behaved
himself
,
that
he
gained
the
good
Will
of
all
honest
Men
there
.
He
greatly
encouraged
Learning
,
and
had
a
great
number
of
learned
Men
as
his
Pensioners
,
on
whom
he
freely
bestowed
such
things
as
were
convenient
,
and
encouraging
them
all
he
could
to
promote
the
Knowledg
of
the
Gospel
.
Whil'st
he
stayed
at
Luca
,
Charles
the
Fifth
,
Emperor
of
Germany
,
Pope
Paul
the
Third
,
and
Cardinal
Contarene
the
Pope's
Legate
came
thither
,
the
latter
being
entertained
by
Peter
Martyr
.
When
as
the
Pope
understanding
his
Inclination
to
the
reformed
Religion
,
he
used
all
Endeavours
to
find
some
occasion
of
Quarrel
against
him
,
the
which
he
thought
not
fit
to
do
,
unless
upon
good
Grounds
,
because
he
knew
he
was
greatly
beloved
of
all
the
People
,
both
Noble
,
and
Ignoble
;
and
therefore
to
try
how
they
stood
affected
,
ere
he
waded
too
far
in
their
Displeasure
,
he
caused
a
Fryer
belonging
to
the
Monastery
of
which
Peter
was
Prior
,
to
be
arrested
and
cast
in
Prison
,
as
being
a
Favourer
of
the
reformed
Doctors
;
which
the
People
took
so
hainously
(
as
well
knowing
he
was
an
honester
Man
,
and
better
Christian
than
the
Pope
)
that
they
broke
open
the
Prison
and
took
him
thence
,
but
he
being
afterwards
apprehended
,
was
sent
to
Rome
,
and
there
put
to
Death
:
And
after
that
the
Poplings
used
all
Diligence
to
bring
Martyr
into
Disgrace
,
and
many
times
laid
wait
to
murther
him
,
insomuch
that
fearing
he
should
one
Day
fall
by
the
Malice
of
his
Enemies
,
he
resolved
to
depart
secretly
;
whereupon
he
called
together
several
of
his
trusty
Friends
,
and
told
them
what
he
intended
,
desiring
them
to
send
the
best
part
of
his
Library
after
him
into
Germany
;
which
they
promised
,
and
accordingly
performed
.
After
he
had
made
his
Escape
,
he
went
to
Visit
the
Universities
of
Germany
,
and
at
last
came
to
Strasburg
,
which
some
time
before
had
embraced
the
reformed
Religion
;
and
there
he
became
a
Greek
Professor
,
Instructing
and
Training
up
many
Youths
:
He
also
wrote
to
the
Senators
of
Luca
,
to
perswade
them
to
embrace
the
true
Doctrine
of
the
Gospel
,
and
not
be
any
longer
led
in
Ignorance
,
with
vain
and
superstitious
Errors
:
Shewing
likewise
the
Cheats
and
wicked
Practices
of
such
as
pretended
to
strictness
of
Life
in
Monasteries
,
and
such
like
Places
.
And
now
having
utterly
renounced
Popery
,
he
joyned
himself
to
the
Doctors
of
the
reformed
Church
,
and
wrote
sharply
against
the
Papists
,
which
inraged
them
the
more
.
Whilst
he
continued
at
Strasbourg
,
which
was
for
five
Years
,
he
held
a
Divinity-Lecture
,
and
expounded
the
Scriptures
;
being
always
very
Charitable
to
such
as
stood
in
need
of
his
Assistance
.
Here
also
,
by
the
Perswasion
of
his
Friends
,
he
Married
one
Katherine
Damp
Mortin
,
a
Virgin
,
descended
of
a
noble
Family
;
who
accompanying
him
into
England
,
dyed
after
she
had
been
eight
Years
married
.
In
the
time
of
Queen
Mary
,
her
Body
being
dug
up
,
was
buried
in
a
Dunghil
by
the
Command
of
Cardinal
Pool
,
who
alledged
that
she
was
Buryed
too
●●ar
the
Body
of
St.
Frideswide
,
and
that
for
such
a
Contempt
,
such
Usage
was
but
Just
.
But
in
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
her
Corps
were
taken
thence
,
and
that
old
fashioned
St.
buryed
in
her
Room
.
In
the
Reign
of
King
Edward
the
Sixth
,
at
the
earnest
Request
of
the
King
,
he
came
into
England
,
being
nobly
entertained
by
Arch-Bishop
C●anmer
,
the
Duke
of
Summerset
then
Lord
Protector
,
and
many
others
:
So
that
after
having
assisted
in
Setling
Religion
,
he
went
to
Oxford
,
and
there
became
a
Professor
of
Divinity
,
and
expounded
the
Scriptures
to
the
People
,
so
that
his
Fame
soon
spread
into
the
utmost
Corners
of
the
Land
,
which
made
the
Papists
greatly
Displeased
,
insomuch
that
several
of
the
popish
Doctors
often
provoked
him
to
Disputations
;
in
which
he
always
overcame
them
,
as
having
the
Truth
on
his
Side
.
But
that
sufficed
not
;
for
when
they
found
that
they
could
not
overcome
him
by
Arguments
,
they
endeavoured
it
by
Force
,
often
raising
Tumults
,
and
thereby
endangering
his
Life
;
yet
wanted
he
not
such
Friends
as
encouraged
him
to
proceed
in
the
great
Work
of
Reformation
,
being
ever
backed
by
Cranmer
,
Ridley
,
Latimer
,
and
Hooper
,
and
so
continued
in
England
all
the
Reign
of
pious
King
Edward
.
But
when
the
Blood-thirsty
Queen
once
got
the
Reins
of
Government
,
and
true
Religion
was
suppressed
,
his
Lectures
ceased
,
and
he
Lived
more
retire
with
his
Friends
,
encouraging
and
strengthening
them
to
persevere
in
the
Faith
,
and
true
Religion
they
had
received
:
And
amongst
the
rest
Arch-Bishop
Cranmer
,
who
began
somewhat
to
waver
in
his
Opinion
,
ever
after
confessed
that
Martyr
had
Confirmed
him
.
When
several
Godly
Men
were
Imprisoned
,
and
the
Persecution
grew
hot
;
it
was
debated
in
the
Queen's
Council
,
whether
Martyr
should
be
Imprisoned
or
not
,
by
reason
he
had
done
much
harm
by
his
Innovations
,
as
they
pretended
;
but
it
appearing
that
he
came
over
upon
the
publick
Faith
,
it
was
concluded
that
he
should
be
safely
dismissed
,
and
thereupon
the
Queen
gave
him
her
Letters
of
safe
Conduct
,
strictly
commanding
him
to
depart
the
Kingdom
:
To
which
he
was
obedient
.
Yet
such
was
the
Malice
of
his
Enemies
,
that
they
followed
him
to
the
Ship
,
and
held
a
Consult
whether
they
should
pull
him
out
,
and
cast
him
into
Prison
,
or
not
.
But
God
prevented
their
wicked
Design
,
by
sending
a
Wind
,
that
immediately
bore
away
the
Vessel
to
Antwerp
;
and
he
landing
there
,
safely
Travelled
through
many
Cities
and
Towns
,
till
at
last
he
came
to
Stratbourg
,
where
he
was
received
with
much
Joy
of
his
Friends
,
though
there
he
wanted
not
some
Enemies
who
gave
him
many
Disturbances
all
the
time
of
his
Stay
there
.
From
thence
he
removed
to
Zurick
,
where
he
held
firm
Friendship
with
Mr.
Bullenger
,
which
he
continued
till
the
day
of
his
Death
.
In
this
City
,
he
so
far
gained
the
Love
of
all
men
,
that
he
was
made
free
of
the
same
;
and
now
it
being
a
Considerable
time
,
since
he
buried
his
first
Wife
,
he
bethought
himself
of
taking
another
:
Whereupon
by
the
advice
of
his
Friends
,
he
married
one
Catherine
Marenda
,
a
Vertuous
Gentlewoman
:
Who
for
Religions
sake
had
fled
the
French
Persecution
,
and
was
come
to
Live
at
Geneva
.
About
this
time
,
he
was
called
to
the
Pastor-ship
of
the
Italian
Church
at
Geneva
,
but
such
was
his
Love
to
those
of
Zurick
,
that
notwithstanding
the
many
Entreaties
that
were
used
to
perswade
him
to
embrace
so
great
a
Benefit
,
he
would
not
accept
thereof
;
but
chose
rather
to
continue
with
his
tryed
Friends
,
then
to
adventure
amongst
Strangers
,
altho
,
he
was
never
backward
in
any
thing
that
might
promote
the
true
worship
of
God
,
as
appears
by
his
Voluntary
going
into
France
.
At
the
Disputation
held
between
the
Ministers
of
the
reformed
Religion
and
the
Leaguers
;
appointed
to
be
held
at
Poitou
,
before
the
Kings
of
France
and
Navar
,
the
two
Queens
,
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
and
Admiral
of
Cologne
;
Where
he
and
his
Fellows
,
so
managed
the
matter
,
that
they
obliged
their
Adversaries
to
Confess
,
that
they
were
in
the
Right
;
and
to
Consent
to
the
signing
many
Articles
repugnant
to
the
Church
of
Rome
.
Of
which
the
popish
Bishops
grievously
Complained
,
saying
;
That
their
Disputants
,
had
betrayed
their
Trusts
;
and
that
they
would
by
no
means
accord
to
what
they
had
done
.
Whereupon
Martyr
desired
leave
to
depart
,
which
he
obtained
,
and
so
returned
to
Zurick
.
Where
he
was
received
with
great
Joy
,
yet
being
worn
out
with
Travel
,
and
daily
Study
he
after
a
while
fell
sick
,
when
calling
together
the
Principal
Pastors
of
the
Church
,
he
made
to
them
,
an
excellent
Confession
of
his
Faith
,
Concluding
,
This
is
my
Faith
,
and
they
that
teach
otherwise
,
to
the
withdrawing
men
from
God
,
God
will
destroy
them
.
And
so
taking
his
Leave
of
all
his
Friends
,
after
having
made
his
Will
he
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
Anno
Christi
,
1562.
and
of
his
Age
sixty
two
,
leaving
behind
him
a
lasting
Fame
,
which
Age
can
never
consume
.
After
his
Death
,
his
Friend
Theodorus
Beza
,
wrote
this
Epigram
to
his
Praise
.
Tusciate
pepulit
,
Germania
,
&
Anglia
fovit
,
Martyr
:
Quem
Extinctum
nunc
tegit
Helvetia
.
Dicere
quae
si
vera
volent
,
re
&
nomine
Dicent
,
Hic
fidus
Christi
(
Credite
)
Martyr
Erat.
Vtque
istae
taceant
,
satis
hoc
tua
Scripta
Loquuntur
,
Plus
satis
hoc
Italis
,
exprobrat
Exilium
.
The
end
of
the
Life
of
Peter
Martyr
.
The
Life
of
JOHN
CALVIN
.
JOhn
Calvin
,
was
Born
at
Noviodune
,
a
City
of
France
,
Anno
1509.
His
Fathers
name
being
Gerard
,
and
his
Mothers
Joanna
;
both
of
Godly
life
,
and
Living
in
great
Esteem
,
amongst
the
Citizens
their
Neighbours
.
So
soon
as
our
John
was
grown
to
be
capable
of
Learning
,
he
was
sent
to
Paris
and
there
instructed
.
And
such
Literature
as
the
Schools
of
that
City
could
afford
:
Insomuch
that
he
greatly
profited
,
being
desirous
of
knowledge
in
Sacred
things
,
he
applyed
himself
to
the
Study
of
the
Scriptures
,
altho
his
Father
was
more
inclinable
,
to
have
him
a
Student
of
the
Laws
.
In
a
short
time
after
,
taking
degree
of
Master
of
Arts
,
he
was
preferred
to
a
Benifice
:
Being
constituted
Rector
of
Bishops-bridge
,
near
the
City
of
Noviodune
.
Where
he
taught
according
to
the
Traditions
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
for
several
years
still
increasing
in
Learning
;
till
at
last
falling
into
the
acquaintance
of
a
reformed
Minister
,
called
Peter
Robert
Olivitian
,
he
began
by
the
continual
Conversation
he
had
with
this
good
man
,
to
see
into
the
Errors
of
the
Romish
Church
,
by
the
pure
light
of
the
Gospel
:
Insomuch
that
plainly
perceiving
most
part
of
the
Romish
Traditions
,
and
Superstitious
Ceremonies
,
repugnant
to
the
Word
of
God
,
he
began
to
bethink
with
himself
,
that
seeing
he
had
so
long
lived
in
Error
,
it
was
now
high
time
to
embrace
the
Truth
;
and
thereupon
more
seriously
consulting
his
Friend
,
he
resolved
to
renounce
the
Popish
Religion
,
and
joyn
with
the
Ministers
of
the
reformed
Church
:
Whereupon
he
secretly
departed
to
Orleance
,
and
there
joyning
himself
to
Peter
Stella
,
who
read
a
Lecture
in
that
City
,
he
in
a
short
time
grew
famous
,
having
many
that
resorted
to
him
for
Sacred
Consolation
.
In
this
place
,
he
wholly
applyed
himself
to
the
Study
of
the
Scriptures
,
and
therein
profited
Exceedingly
;
and
after
having
continued
here
for
the
space
of
six
Months
,
he
departed
for
the
University
of
Biturg
,
where
he
became
a
Greek
Professor
,
and
Preached
several
Sermons
,
at
an
adjacent
Town
called
Liveria
.
After
he
had
stayed
a
while
at
Bitury
,
and
gotten
great
Applause
,
for
his
singular
Piety
and
Learning
,
he
went
to
Paris
;
where
he
associated
himself
,
with
the
Professors
of
the
reformed
Religion
.
But
he
had
not
been
here
long
,
before
the
Papists
began
to
find
an
Alteration
in
his
Life
,
and
Conversation
,
and
thereby
fearing
(
what
indeed
had
happened
)
that
he
was
fallen
from
the
Church
of
Rome
,
they
more
narrowly
observed
him
,
seeking
all
occasions
of
Quarrel
against
him
;
yet
he
was
not
at
all
daunted
,
altho
some
endeavoured
to
take
his
Life
.
But
like
a
Palm
Tree
,
the
more
they
strove
to
depress
him
,
the
more
he
grew
in
Reputation
with
all
Good
men
.
And
having
attained
the
Perfection
of
humane
Learning
,
he
went
to
Paris
,
and
there
studied
Divinity
;
Accompanying
himself
,
for
the
most
part
with
Stephen
Forgeus
a
Godly
Christian
;
who
was
afterwards
put
to
Death
for
his
Religion
,
by
the
Papists
.
About
this
time
,
Nicholas
Cope
,
being
Lector
of
the
University
of
Paris
,
When
on
All-Saints
day
he
made
his
Oration
,
he
greatly
insisted
on
the
Purity
of
Religion
,
when
as
the
use
was
upon
such
occasions
,
to
tell
stories
of
the
Miracles
,
done
by
such
and
such
Saints
;
and
to
Extoll
them
,
to
the
Wondering
Crowd
.
But
this
he
did
at
the
Instance
of
Calvin
,
which
the
Sorbonists
having
notice
of
,
were
much
displeased
,
and
cited
him
to
appear
before
them
;
But
being
advised
by
his
Well-wishers
to
the
contrary
,
and
finding
by
daily
Experience
,
that
he
laid
Snares
for
him
,
he
secretly
left
France
,
and
went
to
Basil
.
Where
he
had
likewise
fallen
into
Danger
,
had
not
the
Queen
of
Navar
delivered
him
,
and
Dis-countenanced
his
Adversary
;
but
he
finding
that
place
unsafe
,
departed
to
Xanton
:
where
at
the
request
of
several
Godly
Christians
,
his
Friends
,
he
wrote
several
Heads
of
Christian
Religion
,
most
necessary
to
Salvation
,
and
caused
them
to
be
dispersed
amongst
the
People
;
which
gave
many
so
clear
a
Light
,
that
with
less
Difficulty
,
they
were
able
to
perceive
the
Errors
,
they
had
formerly
Lived
in
,
and
to
find
the
way
that
Leads
to
Life
.
Yet
here
he
rested
not
long
,
before
the
Malice
of
the
Papists
pursued
him
.
But
the
good
Queen
of
Navar
,
who
ever
was
his
Friend
,
sent
him
with
a
Conduct
to
a
Town
,
that
was
under
her
Jurisdiction
.
Where
he
continued
with
great
Applause
for
many
days
,
and
afterwards
went
to
Paris
;
where
he
continued
till
the
Persecution
arose
,
promoted
by
the
Papists
,
wherein
several
were
in
Prison
,
and
starved
to
Death
,
many
put
to
grievous
Torments
,
and
eight
burnt
alive
,
at
a
solemn
Procession
:
Wherein
King
Francis
and
his
Children
assisted
,
the
King
swearing
that
he
would
not
spare
his
dearest
Child
,
if
he
found
him
infected
with
damned
Heresie
,
as
he
then
called
the
true
and
sincere
preaching
of
the
Gospel
.
This
Persecution
,
made
Mr.
Calvin
have
regard
to
the
words
of
our
blessed
Saviour
,
when
he
said
,
if
they
Persecute
you
in
one
City
,
slee
to
another
.
And
therefore
leaving
Paris
,
he
went
to
Orleance
;
where
he
published
a
Book
,
to
confute
the
Errors
of
those
who
had
long
since
received
a
false
Opinion
,
that
the
Soul
slept
after
it
was
seperated
from
the
Body
.
And
then
he
journied
to
Xanton
,
and
within
a
while
to
Basil
;
when
in
the
way
his
Servant
who
carried
his
Money
,
being
well
mount●d
,
Rid
away
from
him
,
and
left
him
in
great
necessity
,
till
God
raised
him
up
Friends
to
relieve
him
.
Being
come
to
Basil
,
he
associated
himself
with
the
reformed
Ministers
he
found
there
,
as
the
famous
Grynaeus
,
Wolfgang
,
and
Capito
,
men
of
excellent
Piety
and
Learning
;
here
also
he
studied
the
Hebrew
Tongue
,
and
as
much
as
in
him
lay
concealed
himself
;
but
upon
the
coming
forth
of
his
Institutions
,
the
Papists
that
remained
there
,
began
to
guess
who
was
the
Author
.
By
this
time
the
Protestant
Princes
of
Germany
,
had
heard
of
the
Cruelty
of
King
Francis
,
and
sent
their
Deputies
to
reprove
him
,
for
using
such
Cruelty
towards
the
People
of
God
.
But
he
excused
himself
in
saying
,
that
they
were
only
a
few
Head-strong
Anabaptists
,
that
sought
to
make
Innovations
in
his
Kingdom
.
Whereupon
Mr.
Calvin
wrote
a
Book
,
and
dedicated
it
to
the
King
;
wherein
he
declared
,
who
were
true
Christians
,
and
who
were
not
;
But
whether
the
King
ever
read
it
,
or
not
,
it
is
uncertain
.
When
being
desirous
to
visit
the
Dutchess
of
Ferrara
,
Daughter
of
Lewis
,
the
twelfth
King
of
France
;
a
Woman
singular
for
the
Love
of
Piety
,
and
a
great
Encourager
of
Learned
men
:
He
went
into
Italy
,
and
was
received
by
her
with
inexpressible
Joy
.
And
having
continued
in
her
Court
for
some
time
,
prevailed
with
her
,
to
suffer
him
to
depart
,
which
she
consenting
to
,
he
departed
for
Geneva
:
Where
he
no
sooner
arrived
,
but
he
was
compelled
to
stay
there
by
the
Ministers
of
the
Church
;
and
had
offered
him
,
either
to
Preach
publickly
to
the
People
,
or
to
be
Divinity-Professor
:
The
latter
of
which
he
embraced
.
Whereupon
he
applyed
his
utmost
diligence
,
to
reform
such
things
as
were
amiss
,
not
by
his
own
Opinions
,
but
of
the
Scriptures
,
to
the
general
content
of
all
good
men
,
and
such
remainders
of
popish
Superstition
,
as
were
left
unpurged
,
he
by
his
great
Pains
and
Industry
removed
.
He
likewise
opposed
himself
against
the
Ana-baptists
,
that
sought
to
hinder
the
Reformation
,
and
to
stir
up
the
People
to
Mutiny
,
and
so
well
setled
the
Affairs
of
the
Church
by
his
Prudence
,
and
Conduct
,
that
he
overthrew
the
Devices
of
certain
Hereticks
,
who
began
to
Poyson
the
People
with
their
Erroneous
Opinions
;
and
by
the
Prayers
of
the
Church
against
them
;
So
that
their
Ring-leader
was
smitten
by
the
hand
of
God
,
and
dyed
of
many
grievous
Ulcers
.
About
this
time
,
there
being
many
of
the
reformed
Church
in
France
,
who
yet
for
fear
went
to
hear
popish
Mass
,
conceiving
an
Opinion
,
that
altho
they
were
personally
at
that
Worship
,
and
yet
retained
their
proper
Religion
in
their
Hearts
,
it
was
no
sin
.
But
to
these
,
Mr.
Calvin
wrote
two
Epistles
,
telling
them
that
by
such
means
Satan
had
a
great
advantage
over
them
,
and
that
if
they
were
ashamed
to
own
and
profess
Christ
openly
before
men
,
he
would
not
own
them
before
his
Father
,
and
the
holy
Angels
,
and
by
this
means
he
so
Animated
many
of
them
,
that
they
professing
their
Religion
openly
,
and
opposing
the
Popish
Idolatries
,
were
Condemned
,
and
sealed
their
Testimonies
with
their
Blood
.
After
this
,
Mr.
Calvin
bent
all
his
Endeavours
to
establish
a
set
Form
of
Religion
,
in
the
Genevan
Church
,
and
for
that
end
he
drew
up
certain
Heads
of
Religion
:
And
so
far
prevailed
with
the
Senate
and
People
as
to
swear
to
them
,
altho
some
rigid
Papists
greatly
opposed
his
Proceeding
.
This
was
no
sooner
done
,
but
the
Ana-baptists
began
to
stir
up
the
Faction
,
as
likewise
one
Peter
Caroli
a
Heretick
,
who
by
his
Blasphemies
and
wicked
Doctrine
,
drew
many
into
foul
Errors
,
which
caused
the
Synod
at
Berne
to
Condemn
him
as
a
Deceiver
of
the
People
:
Which
caused
him
to
depart
to
Mediomatrice
,
and
there
used
his
utmost
Endeavours
to
root
out
the
Professors
of
the
Gospel
:
But
failing
of
his
Purpose
,
he
went
to
Rome
,
where
being
rejected
,
and
becoming
destitute
of
Friends
;
through
Poverty
and
many
noisom
Diseases
he
ended
his
wretched
Life
.
About
this
time
,
notwithstanding
the
Endeavours
of
Mr.
Calvin
,
and
many
other
good
Men
,
a
Sedition
sprung
up
in
the
City
of
Geneva
;
for
several
of
the
Chief
,
envying
each
others
Greatness
,
as
being
privately
accended
by
the
Popish
Priests
in
religious
Guise
,
several
Tumults
happened
in
which
many
were
hurt
:
The
which
Mr.
Calvin
well
perceived
would
tend
to
great
Mischief
,
if
it
were
not
in
time
alay'd
;
wherefore
he
and
the
rest
of
the
Godly
Ministers
,
opposed
themselves
against
the
most
Resolute
,
declaring
that
unless
they
ceased
their
Feudes
,
and
laid
aside
all
Enmity
between
themselves
,
he
did
not
think
it
meet
to
Administer
the
Holy
Sacrament
to
them
;
which
made
many
of
them
contemn
him
as
a
Man
that
sought
the
whole
Power
of
the
Ecclesiastical
Affairs
.
About
this
time
a
Difference
happened
between
those
of
Geneva
and
Bern
about
Administring
the
Sacrament
;
the
former
doing
it
with
plain
Bread
,
and
the
latter
with
Wafers
,
the
former
abolished
all
Holydays
,
unless
the
Sabbath
,
when
as
the
other
held
it
necessary
to
observe
the
several
Tides
;
and
thereupon
Mr.
Calvin
and
the
rest
of
the
Ministers
were
Accused
by
the
Factious
as
the
Causers
of
such
Division
;
which
they
Understanding
,
desired
to
be
heard
,
but
could
not
obtain
their
Requests
:
And
it
being
urged
that
they
had
proudly
refused
to
Administer
the
Sacrament
to
such
as
required
it
,
a
Decree
passed
for
their
Banishment
,
the
which
,
when
it
came
to
the
Hands
of
Mr.
Calvin
;
he
said
,
Well
if
I
had
served
Man
I
should
have
had
but
an
ill
Reward
,
but
it
is
good
that
I
have
served
him
,
who
doth
always
perform
to
his
Servants
that
which
he
hath
once
Promised
.
Mr.
Calvin
being
thus
banished
,
goes
to
Zurick
:
But
before
his
Departure
,
such
was
his
Fatherly
Care
,
that
he
provided
fit
Pastors
to
feed
the
Genevan
Flock
,
lest
in
his
Absence
the
Romish
Wolves
should
break
in
and
Destroy
what
he
by
his
Labour
and
Industry
had
Planted
.
During
his
Absence
,
the
rest
of
the
Helvetian
Churches
,
laboured
with
the
Genevans
for
his
Re-admission
,
but
they
at
present
refusing
it
;
he
went
to
Bazil
,
from
thence
to
Strasbourg
,
where
he
met
with
Bucer
,
Hedio
,
and
Capito
,
all
famous
Preachers
of
the
Gospel
,
who
greatly
rejoyced
in
his
Company
;
and
by
their
means
he
was
chosen
Divinity
Professor
,
and
all
the
while
took
care
of
his
Flock
at
Geneva
,
by
often
writing
to
them
to
strengthen
them
,
and
vindicate
their
Cause
against
such
Popish
Doctors
as
in
his
Absence
sought
to
traduce
them
.
He
being
now
somewhat
at
Leisure
,
wrote
many
Divine
Tracts
,
which
he
sent
to
the
Churches
,
the
better
to
Inable
them
to
resist
their
Spiritual
Enemies
:
And
when
as
Strode
dyed
,
Mr.
Calvin
by
the
Consent
of
his
Friends
Married
his
Widow
,
a
most
Vertuous
and
Chast
Woman
;
after
which
he
went
as
an
Assistant
to
the
Diets
of
Worms
and
Ratisbone
Assembled
by
the
Emperor
Charles
,
the
fifth
for
composing
Differences
in
Religion
;
and
so
continued
,
till
those
that
had
procured
the
Decree
of
his
Banishment
from
the
City
of
Geneva
,
were
dead
;
and
then
the
Citizens
sent
to
Strasbourg
to
desire
him
and
Mr.
Farell
to
return
,
expressing
the
earnest
Desire
they
had
to
see
them
;
but
the
Citizens
of
Strasbourg
were
by
no
means
willing
to
lose
their
Company
,
and
Mr.
Calvin
himself
shewed
the
like
Unwillingness
to
leave
them
,
seeing
he
had
received
such
great
Kindnesses
at
their
Hands
:
But
in
the
end
,
the
Genevans
so
far
prevailed
,
that
upon
the
Senate's
signing
a
Decree
for
their
Return
again
to
Strasbourg
,
Bucer
prevailed
with
the
Citizens
to
let
Calvin
go
thither
;
where
he
was
received
with
all
imaginable
Expressions
of
Joy
:
And
such
was
their
desire
of
Detaining
him
,
that
they
never
left
urging
the
Senate
till
they
had
got
the
Decree
of
his
Returning
to
Strasbourg
reversed
:
And
now
being
again
setled
in
pastoral
Charge
of
Geneva
,
he
continued
to
Confute
Hereticks
,
Papists
,
and
Stirrers
up
of
Sedition
;
to
heal
Breaches
and
Division
,
being
Couragious
even
in
the
worst
of
times
,
and
as
an
undaunted
Champion
of
Christ
not
to
follow
his
Standard
till
Death
,
who
Conquers
all
,
Conquered
him
;
for
having
made
his
will
,
he
received
the
Sacrament
,
and
earnestly
Prayed
for
the
Churches
.
He
on
the
Seventh
of
May
,
Anno
Christi
1562
,
yielded
up
his
Spirit
into
the
Hands
of
his
Maker
,
dying
in
the
55
Year
of
his
Age
:
The
loss
of
such
a
Piller
of
the
Church
causing
no
small
Grief
.
His
Funeral
Solemnities
were
performed
at
the
Charge
of
the
Senate
,
almost
all
the
City
being
present
;
he
being
Buried
,
as
himself
desired
,
in
the
Church
Yard
,
where
a
stately
Tomb
was
Erected
to
his
Memory
.
The
Life
of
JOHN
JEWEL
Bishop
of
Sarum
.
JOhn
Jewel
was
Born
in
Devonshire
at
the
Town
of
Buden
Anno
Domini
1522
,
of
Eminent
Parents
,
who
desirous
of
his
Promotion
as
to
eternal
Happiness
,
brought
him
up
in
Learning
to
the
highest
Degree
,
and
especially
in
the
Knowledg
of
the
Scriptures
,
which
are
able
to
make
us
Wise
unto
Salvation
.
When
he
was
thirteen
Years
of
Age
,
he
was
sent
to
Oxford
,
and
there
entered
into
Merton
Colledg
,
where
under
the
Tuition
of
Dr.
Parkhurst
he
so
well
Profited
,
that
all
admired
his
ready
Wit
and
Promptitude
.
When
not
finding
such
Conveniencies
for
Study
as
were
Requisite
,
he
removed
to
Corpus
Christi
Colledg
,
and
after
a
short
Entrance
(
having
Commenced
Batchellor
of
Art
)
he
was
Chosen
Humanity
Lecture
Reader
,
which
he
so
excellently
mannaged
,
that
his
aforesaid
Tutor
coming
one
Day
to
hear
him
,
after
he
had
made
an
end
Saluted
him
thus
.
Olim
Dïscipulus
mihi
chare
Juelle
fuisti
,
Nunc
ero
Discipulus
te
rennente
tuus
.
Englished
thus
;
Dear
Jewel
thou
a
Scholar
was
't
of
mine
.
Hereafter
though
unwilling
I
'le
be
thine
.
And
thus
continuing
in
the
Reign
of
King
Henry
,
during
the
Suppression
of
the
Popes
,
he
Commenced
Master
of
Arts
,
and
then
began
more
and
more
to
discover
his
Inclination
to
the
Reformed
Religion
,
insomuch
that
the
Dean
of
his
Colledg
taking
Occasion
to
Discourse
with
him
,
declared
to
him
thus
,
I
should
Love
thee
Jewel
if
thou
wert
not
a
Zuinglian
.
I
hold
thee
an
Heretick
;
but
surely
in
thy
Life
thou
art
an
Angel
,
for
good
and
honest
is
thy
Conversation
,
but
yet
thou
art
a
Lutheran
.
When
Queen
Mary
came
to
the
Crown
,
he
was
Expell'd
the
Colledg
by
reason
he
refused
to
be
Conformable
to
the
Superstitions
of
the
Romish
Church
;
yet
such
was
the
Love
of
Learned
Men
towards
him
,
that
he
was
chosen
Orator
of
the
University
:
Yet
such
was
the
Malice
of
his
Popish
Enemies
;
that
they
sought
by
all
Means
to
take
his
Life
,
and
therefore
pressed
him
to
Subscribe
to
several
Articles
,
which
he
consenting
to
,
afterwards
Recanted
,
and
thereupon
was
forced
to
fly
the
Kingdom
,
and
wander
Forlorn
and
Comfortless
in
forrain
Parts
,
induring
great
Extremity
,
both
of
Hunger
and
Cold
:
But
such
was
God's
Goodness
towards
this
Pious
Man
,
that
at
last
Arriving
at
Frankfort
he
found
kind
Entertainment
,
where
being
Admitted
to
Preach
to
a
Congregation
;
he
in
these
Words
Expressed
his
Sorrow
,
for
his
Subscribing
to
the
Popish
Articles
.
It
was
my
abject
cowardly
Mind
,
and
faint
Heart
,
that
caused
my
weak
Hand
to
Commit
this
Wickedness
:
Which
Confession
of
his
moved
Pitty
in
the
Hearers
.
When
he
had
continued
at
Frankfort
a
considerable
time
,
he
went
to
Strasbourg
,
and
from
thence
to
Zurick
,
whither
many
of
the
English
had
fled
from
the
M●rean
Persecution
,
whom
he
greatly
Encouraged
and
Relieved
according
to
his
Ability
,
and
Incited
others
to
do
the
like
;
and
being
accompanied
with
Peter
Martyr
,
he
spent
most
of
his
Time
during
his
Exile
,
in
Reconciling
Differences
that
happened
amongst
the
Ministers
of
the
Reformed
Churches
,
touching
Points
of
Religion
;
and
his
usual
Consolation
to
his
Countrymen
was
,
Bear
a
while
with
these
Miseries
,
and
ere
long
they
will
be
over-past
.
After
the
Death
of
Queen
Mary
,
he
returned
into
England
,
and
Queen
Elizabeth
Reigning
,
he
was
soon
received
under
her
Princely
Protection
,
being
appointed
one
of
the
Disputants
about
Points
of
Religion
;
and
that
once
past
,
he
was
sent
into
the
West
to
Visit
the
Churches
,
where
he
used
his
utmost
Diligence
to
Establish
the
true
Religion
,
and
so
prevailed
,
that
by
the
Grace
of
God
he
Converted
many
hundreds
to
the
way
of
Saving
Knowledg
:
When
upon
his
Return
,
he
Preached
at
Paul's
Cross
,
taking
his
Text
the
1.
of
Cor.
11.23
.
For
I
received
of
the
Lord
that
which
also
,
I
delivered
unto
you
,
&c.
Out
of
which
,
he
Proved
the
Purity
of
the
Reformed
Religion
,
and
the
Errors
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
insomuch
that
he
gained
upon
several
obstinate
Papists
to
Embrace
the
Protestant
Religion
.
He
was
a
Man
very
Charitable
to
the
Poor
,
and
spared
no
Pains
to
do
Good
.
In
his
Family
he
kept
such
a
strict
Observance
of
Religion
,
that
every
Evening
at
eight
of
the
Clock
,
he
was
wont
to
call
upon
his
Servants
to
perform
their
Duty
to
Heaven
,
and
then
going
to
Bed
,
some
one
of
his
Chaplains
were
wont
to
Read
over
part
of
the
Lives
of
the
Fathers
,
or
some
other
Godly
Author
;
which
ended
,
he
would
Recommend
himself
to
the
Protection
of
the
Almighty
,
and
so
Repose
himself
.
He
was
a
Man
of
such
a
singular
Memory
,
that
he
used
to
say
,
Had
he
once
premeditated
any
Oration
,
altho
a
thousand
Persons
made
never
such
a
Clamour
,
he
could
Repeat
it
,
and
not
in
the
least
be
Interrupted
with
their
Noise
.
In
his
Sickness
,
going
to
Preach
,
he
was
desired
by
a
Gentleman
to
return
home
;
the
Gentleman
alledging
that
one
Sermon
was
better
to
be
lost
,
than
by
his
Impairing
his
Health
to
lose
so
good
a
Pastor
:
But
his
Reply
was
,
that
it
best
became
a
Bishop
to
dye
Preaching
in
a
Pulpit
,
that
his
great
Master
the
Lord
Jesus's
Words
might
be
fulfilled
,
who
say's
,
Happy
art
thou
my
Servant
,
if
when
I
come
I
find
thee
so
doing
.
And
thus
continued
this
good
Man
,
till
his
Sickness
encreasing
,
and
Nature
visibly
decaying
in
him
,
he
was
obliged
to
take
his
Bed
;
and
so
far
was
he
from
fearing
Death
,
that
he
rather
desired
,
as
longing
to
enter
his
Masters
Joy
,
often
repeating
the
Words
of
old
Simeon
:
Lord
,
now
lettest
thou
thy
Servant
depart
in
Peace
,
for
mine
Eyes
have
seen
thy
Salvation
.
When
as
one
standing
by
prayed
for
his
Recovery
,
which
he
hearing
,
said
,
I
have
not
so
lived
that
I
am
ashamed
to
live
longer
,
neither
do
I
fear
to
dye
,
because
we
have
a
merciful
Lord
;
a
Crown
of
Righteousness
is
laid
up
for
me
,
Christ
is
my
Righteousness
.
Father
,
let
thy
Will
be
done
,
thy
Will
I
say
,
and
not
mine
,
which
is
Depraved
and
Imperfect
;
this
Day
let
me
quickly
see
the
Lord
Jesus
.
And
so
in
a
certain
and
assured
Hope
of
Everlasting
Happiness
,
he
resigned
his
Spirit
into
the
Hands
of
his
Redeemer
;
Dying
Anno
Christi
1571.
and
of
his
Age
Fifty
.
The
Life
of
HENRY
BULLINGER
.
HEnry
Bullinger
was
Born
at
a
Town
in
Helvetia
called
Bremogart
,
Anno
Christi
1504
,
coming
of
Honourable
Parents
,
whose
noble
Progenitors
had
long
flourished
in
those
Parts
;
and
in
his
Childhood
having
escaped
many
eminent
Dangers
,
he
was
sent
to
Embrick
,
where
under
several
School-Masters
he
greatly
Profited
in
Learning
,
especially
in
the
Knowledg
of
the
Scriptures
,
continuing
his
Studies
with
great
Eagerness
:
When
being
desirous
to
enter
into
a
strict
way
of
Living
,
he
was
several
times
about
to
enter
into
a
Monastery
of
Carthusians
,
yet
first
he
took
time
to
debate
on
the
Matter
,
and
coming
to
Cologne
,
where
he
had
Access
to
the
Library
of
the
Predicants
,
he
Read
the
Lives
of
the
Fathers
,
and
Modern
Divines
:
When
finding
all
their
Rules
and
Methods
were
taken
from
the
Scripture
,
he
left
the
Stream
to
take
a
View
of
the
Fountain
;
and
by
seriously
Considering
those
Holy
Pages
,
he
at
last
found
that
they
were
altogether
Repugnant
to
the
Errors
and
Superstitions
of
the
Romish
Church
;
whereupon
he
altered
his
Determination
of
turning
Carthusian
,
and
diligently
applyed
himself
to
the
Reading
one
Stephen
Malancthone's
Book
of
common
Places
,
and
in
a
while
he
Commenced
Master
of
Arts
;
after
which
,
at
his
Fathers
Request
,
he
returned
Home
,
and
continued
there
for
a
good
Space
,
yet
neglected
not
his
Studies
;
and
his
Fame
spreading
amongst
the
Churches
,
he
was
ordained
to
read
Lectures
,
and
to
Instruct
the
Younger
Sort
in
the
Knowledg
of
the
Tongues
,
which
he
performed
with
great
Diligence
.
When
by
the
Abbot
of
Cappela
he
was
Invested
a
Preacher
,
he
by
his
Sermons
so
far
Prevailed
,
that
he
wrought
a
great
Reformation
,
and
caused
several
Traditions
to
be
Abolished
.
Having
continued
in
his
former
Station
for
some
Years
,
he
was
called
to
the
Pastorship
of
Bremongart
,
where
he
by
the
Purity
of
his
Doctrine
so
far
prevailed
with
the
Magistrates
,
that
they
Abrogated
Popery
,
and
made
many
severe
Decrees
against
Popery
,
Adultery
,
and
other
such
heinous
Crimes
;
he
also
Confuted
the
Anabaptists
,
who
at
that
time
greatly
troubled
the
Peace
of
the
Church
,
denying
the
Payment
of
Tenths
under
the
Gospel
,
the
which
by
publick
Disputation
he
proved
Lawful
.
But
Satan
Envying
the
Progress
of
the
Gospel
,
stirred
up
the
Papists
to
Disturb
the
Churches
:
And
such
was
the
Tumult
,
that
notwithstanding
Mr.
Bullinger's
Exhorting
them
to
Peace
,
or
to
try
which
was
in
the
Right
by
Disputation
,
they
would
not
harken
to
it
,
but
raised
Forces
on
both
sides
;
and
it
coming
to
a
Battle
,
the
Protestants
were
worsted
;
whereupon
Mr.
Bullinger
and
his
Father
were
forced
to
fly
to
Zurick
,
where
the
Former
was
kindly
Entertained
by
Leo
Judel
a
Pious
Man
,
and
Promoted
by
the
Consent
of
the
Citizens
to
Preach
in
the
great
Church
,
which
he
did
for
several
Months
,
and
thereby
gained
great
Applause
,
being
chosen
Pastor
in
the
Stead
of
Zuinglius
,
lately
killed
in
a
Battle
between
the
Popish
and
Protestant
Cantons
.
His
greatest
Care
was
to
maintain
Peace
and
Unity
.
And
now
being
setled
in
his
Vocation
,
he
wrote
a
Confession
of
Faith
,
which
being
highly
approved
of
by
the
Senate
,
it
was
ordered
that
it
should
be
Read
in
all
their
Churches
at
certain
times
:
He
there
caused
a
Colledg
to
be
Erected
at
the
publick
Charge
,
and
took
great
care
in
Furnishing
it
with
such
Necessaries
as
were
Convenient
.
About
this
time
,
one
Schewenfield
a
Nobleman
of
Silesia
,
Taught
that
Christ's
Body
being
received
into
Heaven
,
was
so
far
Deified
that
it
no
longer
contains
its
Humane
Nature
.
To
confute
which
Bullinger
wrote
a
learned
Treatise
,
proving
by
Scripture
that
it
was
a
dangerous
Error
.
When
Luther
Exclaimed
against
the
Helvetian
Churches
,
calling
the
Professors
Sacramentarians
;
Bullinger
did
all
he
could
to
perswade
him
to
Unity
,
Peace
,
and
a
good
Opinion
;
but
not
being
able
to
prevail
,
he
wrote
this
Declaration
in
the
Defence
of
the
Churches
.
We
cannot
,
say's
he
,
with
Luther
Confess
Bread
to
be
the
Natural
Body
of
Christ
,
and
that
Judas
and
other
wicked
Men
received
his
Body
as
well
as
Peter
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Saints
;
yet
are
we
ready
,
to
preserve
Peace
,
so
that
it
be
not
urged
upon
us
,
to
yield
to
those
things
,
which
neither
our selves
do
Vnderstand
,
nor
can
we
teach
them
to
others
:
In
all
other
things
you
shall
find
us
willing
to
Comply
,
and
to
be
peacible
Men
ready
to
give
an
Account
of
our
Faith
,
whensoever
it
shall
be
required
of
us
.
This
Declaration
satisfied
many
that
before
were
displeased
,
by
reason
of
his
Answering
one
of
Luther's
Books
,
whom
they
said
had
deserved
so
well
of
the
Church
.
A
while
after
the
Protestant
Prince
wrote
to
the
Protestant
Cantons
to
send
them
Aid
against
the
Emperor
;
but
Bullinger
returned
Answer
,
That
they
could
not
do
it
without
Prejudicing
them
,
for
,
say's
he
,
both
the
Emperor
and
Pope
have
written
to
the
Popish
Cantons
our
Neighbours
,
to
Assist
them
,
which
they
have
declined
to
do
,
upon
no
other
Account
than
that
we
have
not
lent
the
Protestants
any
Assistance
,
the
which
if
we
once
do
,
assure
your selves
they
will
raise
all
their
Power
to
Assist
the
Popish
Army
:
But
we
dayly
Pray
for
your
Success
,
and
keep
many
Fasts
on
your
Behalf
.
After
Mr.
Bullinger
had
lived
a
while
at
Zurick
,
Mr.
Hooper
afterwards
Bishop
of
Glocester
,
came
thither
,
and
was
kindly
entertained
by
Mr.
Bullinger
;
when
as
the
Emperor
caused
the
Interim
to
be
published
in
order
to
the
Overthrowing
the
Protestant
Religion
,
which
Calvin
and
Bucer
Answered
,
but
the
Printer
durst
not
let
it
come
abroad
,
yet
the
Banishment
of
many
good
Ministers
Insued
,
to
the
great
Grief
of
the
Churches
.
When
Francis
the
French
King
was
dead
,
and
Henry
of
Navar
Succeeded
,
he
sent
to
the
Helvetians
to
renew
the
former
League
with
them
;
but
Mr.
Bullinger
perswaded
them
to
the
contrary
;
saying
,
It
was
neither
Just
nor
Lawful
for
a
Man
to
be
hired
to
shed
another
Man's
Blood
,
who
might
be
Innocent
,
and
from
whom
himself
had
never
received
any
Injury
,
Whereupon
the
King
missed
of
obtaining
his
Design
.
Anno
1550
,
he
published
his
famous
Decades
Sermonum
,
and
sent
many
of
them
into
England
,
which
greatly
furthered
the
Reformation
under
Pious
King
Edward
the
Sixth
:
He
also
wrote
against
the
Council
of
Trent
,
proving
therein
many
Erroneous
Decrees
Repugnant
to
the
Word
of
God
;
he
likewise
used
his
utmost
Diligence
to
settle
the
Church
of
Geneva
,
there
having
some
Difference
Sprung
up
by
the
Teaching
of
one
Bolsecus
and
his
Followers
,
and
when
in
the
Persecution
of
the
Protestants
under
Queen
Mary
many
fled
to
Zurick
,
he
plentifully
provided
for
them
,
and
was
very
Zealous
for
the
Defence
of
the
Protestant
Religion
,
using
his
utmost
Diligence
to
Expunge
the
Bludratian
Heresy
,
which
beginning
in
Poland
,
had
spread
it self
into
many
parts
of
Helvetia
;
the
Spreaders
of
it
,
Teaching
that
our
Saviour
was
not
Man
.
A
while
after
,
he
had
a
Contest
with
Brentius
,
between
whom
many
Books
and
Writings
passed
,
but
at
last
they
were
Reconciled
.
The
Popes
Citations
coming
out
to
Summon
the
Helvetian
Ministers
to
come
to
the
Council
of
Trent
,
they
refused
it
,
alledging
that
it
was
not
convenient
(
they
being
Protestants
)
for
them
to
be
at
a
Popish
Council
.
And
now
Mr.
Bullinger
having
spent
himself
with
Labour
and
Study
,
fell
Sick
;
but
upon
the
Prayers
of
the
Churches
,
God
was
pleased
to
restore
him
at
that
time
,
but
his
Wife
and
one
of
his
Daughters
dyed
of
the
Pestilence
;
and
the
next
Year
two
more
of
his
Children
,
himself
being
also
grievously
Afflicted
with
the
Stone
,
yet
wrote
he
his
Confession
of
Faith
,
and
sent
it
to
the
Churches
:
He
also
Confuted
the
Pope's
Bull
which
he
sent
into
England
to
Deprive
Queen
Elizabeth
of
her
Royal
Estate
,
Proving
it
too
Impious
and
Heretical
.
In
the
Year
1571
,
by
reason
of
the
Extremity
of
the
Winter
a
Dearth
Insued
,
whereupon
the
Synod
decreed
publick
Prayers
and
Fasting
throughout
their
Territories
,
which
was
done
with
great
Solemnity
;
and
the
next
Year
happened
the
cruel
Massacree
in
France
,
where
by
the
Hands
of
the
bloody
Papists
,
fell
to
the
Number
of
20000
Protestants
,
upon
which
Mr.
Bullinger
wrote
his
Book
of
Persecution
,
and
God's
Judgment
upon
the
Persecutors
;
Exhorting
the
Persecuted
to
Patience
and
Constancy
:
And
about
that
time
a
dreadful
Commet
appeared
in
Cassiopeia
.
In
the
Year
1574
Mr.
Bullinger
again
fell
Sick
,
and
his
Disease
Increasing
,
many
Godly
Ministers
came
to
Visit
him
,
but
some
Months
after
he
Recovered
and
Preached
as
formerly
,
but
soon
Relapsed
;
when
finding
his
Vital
Spirits
wasted
,
and
Nature
much
decayed
in
him
,
he
concluded
his
Death
was
at
hand
,
and
thereupon
said
as
followeth
.
If
the
Lord
will
make
any
further
Vse
of
me
and
my
Ministry
in
his
Church
,
I
will
willingly
obey
him
,
but
if
he
pleases
(
as
I
much
desire
)
to
take
me
out
of
this
miserable
Life
,
I
shall
exceedingly
Rejoyce
that
he
will
be
so
pleased
as
to
take
me
out
of
this
Miserable
and
Corrupt
Age
,
to
go
to
my
Saviour
Christ
.
Socrates
(
said
he
)
was
glad
when
his
Death
approached
,
because
he
thought
he
should
go
to
Hesiod
,
Homer
,
and
other
learned
Men
Deceased
,
and
whom
he
expected
to
meet
in
the
other
World
:
Then
how
much
more
do
I
Joy
,
who
am
sure
that
I
shall
see
my
Saviour
Christ
,
the
Saints
,
Patriarchs
,
Prophets
,
Apostles
,
and
all
Holy
Men
which
have
lived
from
the
beginning
of
the
World
.
These
(
I
say
)
I
am
sure
to
see
,
and
to
partake
with
them
in
Joy
;
why
then
should
not
I
be
willing
to
Dye
,
to
Injoy
their
perpetual
Society
in
Glory
.
Then
sending
for
all
the
Ministers
of
Zurick
,
he
recommended
to
them
the
Care
of
the
Church
,
Admonished
them
to
Unity
and
Concord
,
Perswaded
them
sharply
to
reprehend
Sin
,
and
beware
of
Drunkenness
,
but
above
all
to
respect
the
Senate
,
who
had
been
such
great
Encouragers
of
the
Protestant
Religion
,
and
from
whom
,
next
Heaven
,
they
must
expect
their
Protection
:
And
then
with
Tears
told
them
,
That
he
was
not
unwilling
to
leave
them
for
his
own
Sake
,
but
for
the
Sake
of
the
Church
.
Then
having
written
his
Farewel
to
the
Senate
,
and
therein
Admonished
them
to
take
Care
of
the
Churches
and
Schools
,
and
by
their
Permission
Chosen
one
Ralph
Gualter
his
Successor
:
He
patiently
Resigned
up
his
Spirit
into
the
Hands
of
his
Redeemer
,
dying
Anno
Christi
1575
,
and
of
his
Age
71
,
to
the
great
Grief
of
the
Protestants
,
being
a
Man
of
singular
Parts
,
a
sound
Preacher
,
and
an
Establisher
of
the
Helvetian
Church
.
He
wrote
many
Books
,
and
Commented
largly
upon
the
Scripture
,
being
a
great
Opposer
of
the
Anabaptists
,
and
an
intire
Lover
of
all
good
Men.
The
Life
of
JOHN
FOX
.
JOhn
Fox
was
Born
in
Lincolnshire
at
the
Town
of
Boston
Anno
1517
,
who
was
no
sooner
brought
up
,
but
he
was
by
his
Parents
sent
to
Oxford
,
and
there
entred
in
Brazen-Nose
Colledg
,
where
he
associated
himself
with
Dr.
Nowell
,
and
so
increased
in
Learning
that
he
became
the
Wonder
of
his
Age
;
so
that
within
a
while
he
was
chosen
Fellow
of
Magdalen
Colledg
,
and
won
great
Applause
by
the
many
excellent
Latin
Themes
he
wrote
;
applying
his
Time
chiefly
to
the
Study
of
Divine
Things
;
and
finding
out
the
many
Errors
in
the
Popish
Religion
,
he
began
to
affect
the
Reformed
Doctrine
;
and
still
increasing
in
Learning
and
Wisdom
,
he
wrote
against
the
Popes
Supremacy
,
which
caused
the
Papists
greatly
to
inveigh
against
him
,
using
their
utmost
Diligence
to
find
out
an
Occasion
of
Quarrel
against
him
;
and
at
last
prevailed
so
far
,
that
he
was
examined
about
the
Points
of
Religion
,
and
Commanded
to
give
a
Confession
of
his
Faith
,
the
which
he
refused
not
to
do
,
as
also
to
prove
it
out
of
the
Scripture
:
Yet
that
was
not
prevalent
with
his
Adversaries
,
for
they
Condemned
him
for
an
Heretick
,
and
Expelled
him
the
Colledg
;
whereupon
he
departed
into
Warwickshire
,
and
there
was
entertained
by
Sr.
Thomas
Lucie
,
and
became
a
Tutor
to
his
Children
,
where
he
married
a
Wife
and
continued
in
great
Reputation
,
till
such
time
as
the
Popish
Inquisitors
came
into
those
Parts
,
for
Fear
of
whom
he
was
forced
to
withdraw
himself
.
And
now
being
destitute
,
he
sent
to
his
Father-in-Law
,
that
had
married
his
Mother
,
to
know
if
he
would
entertain
him
,
but
he
having
got
his
Estate
,
made
it
a
Pretence
to
Defraud
him
of
it
,
that
He
was
Convicted
and
a
dangerous
Person
,
and
that
unless
he
would
Renounce
his
Opinions
,
he
durst
not
entertain
him
;
yet
his
Mother
so
far
prevail'd
,
that
he
found
Reception
,
his
Wife
going
to
her
own
Father
,
whither
Mr.
Fox
came
often
to
visit
her
:
Yet
could
he
not
long
be
sheltered
from
his
Persecutors
,
for
by
their
Spies
they
got
Knowledg
of
his
Aboad
,
which
caused
him
to
go
for
London
,
where
he
fell
into
extream
Poverty
;
insomuch
that
half
Starved
as
he
was
,
he
looked
like
a
Skeliton
,
when
one
day
sitting
in
St.
Paul's
Church
,
a
Person
to
him
unknown
,
came
to
him
,
and
put
a
Sum
of
Mony
into
his
Hand
,
bidding
him
go
and
be
Merry
,
and
within
a
short
time
expect
Promotion
.
This
he
took
as
sent
from
Heaven
,
and
returned
all
Praise
to
God
,
for
his
Mercy
and
Goodness
towards
him
.
Within
three
Days
after
the
Dutchess
of
Richmond
sent
for
him
,
and
appointed
him
Tutor
to
the
Earl
of
Purry's
Children
,
who
were
then
in
her
Charge
,
who
so
much
profited
by
his
Diligence
,
that
in
Learning
they
Excelled
all
the
Noble
Youth
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
he
continued
with
good
liking
the
Remainder
of
King
Henry's
and
all
King
Edward's
Reign
,
being
greatly
Instrumental
in
Reforming
the
Church
,
and
Restoring
it
to
its
Primitive
Purity
in
the
Reign
of
the
latter
,
which
got
him
more
ill
Will
amongst
the
Papists
.
So
that
Queen
Mary
coming
to
the
Crown
,
and
all
things
being
turned
topsi-turvy
,
Gardener
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
his
professed
Enemy
,
used
his
utmost
Diligence
to
bring
him
into
a
Snare
;
but
he
was
defended
against
him
a
considerable
time
by
the
Duke
of
Richmond
,
who
when
he
desired
to
depart
for
fear
of
the
Persecution
,
told
him
That
he
had
yet
Wealth
,
Favour
,
and
Friends
,
and
the
Fortune
of
his
House
:
And
if
any
Mischance
prevailed
farther
,
that
himself
would
partake
of
the
Danger
,
and
make
the
Destruction
mutual
:
That
he
remembred
with
what
Instructions
he
had
Fortified
his
younger
Years
,
neither
had
he
with
more
Attention
hearkened
thereto
,
then
he
would
with
Constancy
put
them
in
Practice
.
Yet
such
was
the
Malice
of
his
Enemies
,
that
the
Duke
soon
perceived
his
Power
too
weak
to
Protect
him
,
whereupon
he
provided
him
with
such
Necessaries
as
were
convenient
,
and
sent
him
to
a
Farmers
House
,
one
of
the
Duke's
Tenants
,
near
Ipswich
,
whither
also
his
Wife
went
with
him
,
resolving
to
attend
him
in
his
Flight
,
altho
she
was
then
great
with
Child
.
After
they
had
staid
a
while
there
,
they
resolved
to
pass
the
Seas
,
but
had
scarce
weighed
Anchor
when
such
a
Tempest
arose
that
all
the
Mariners
began
to
fear
,
and
the
Night
being
Dark
,
such
prodigious
Storms
of
Hail
and
Rain
fell
,
that
they
lost
the
use
of
their
Compass
;
and
after
being
tossed
about
forty
eight
Hours
,
the
Ship
was
forced
back
into
the
same
Port
from
whence
she
first
set
Sail
;
which
many
took
for
a
Token
of
God's
being
Displeased
at
his
Flight
:
Yet
Providence
so
ordered
it
,
that
whilst
the
Ship
was
tossing
upon
the
Ocean
,
he
escaped
a
worse
Danger
on
Land
,
for
Gardiner
had
sent
a
Pursevant
with
Commission
to
bring
him
back
,
who
having
searched
the
Farme
House
,
and
understanding
that
he
was
on
Board
,
and
that
the
Vessel
had
set
Sail
some
Hours
,
before
,
he
returned
to
him
that
sent
him
,
ere
the
Ship
was
driven
into
the
Port.
Mr.
Fox
being
Landed
took
Horse
,
as
if
he
intended
to
ride
for
London
,
but
in
the
Night
he
came
on
Board
again
,
and
the
Ship
hoising
Sail
,
passed
the
dangerous
Seas
safely
arriving
at
Newport
,
where
he
Landed
,
and
after
having
refreshed
himself
,
he
together
with
his
Wife
and
some
others
,
went
to
Antwerp
,
and
so
to
Basile
,
which
was
then
a
Place
of
free
Reception
of
poor
distressed
Fugitives
,
who
were
forced
to
leave
their
Countries
for
the
Sake
of
the
Lord
Jesus
,
and
his
everlasting
Gospel
:
And
here
he
undertook
to
Correct
the
Press
,
and
at
such
leisure
times
as
he
could
spare
,
he
Wrote
part
of
the
Acts
and
Monuments
of
the
Church
,
a
Work
famous
to
all
Posterity
:
And
in
this
Station
he
continued
till
the
Death
of
Queen
Mary
,
whose
Death
he
had
a
little
before
foretold
,
upon
certain
Notice
of
which
,
he
with
several
Pious
and
Learned
Men
returned
into
England
,
and
were
kindly
received
by
Queen
Elizabeth
then
Reigning
;
where
Mr.
Fox
prosecuted
his
Work
begun
at
Basil
,
and
so
laboured
therein
that
he
soon
brought
it
to
a
Period
,
which
made
the
Papists
yet
more
inveigh
against
him
,
and
endeavour
what
in
them
lay
to
disparage
both
him
and
it
;
but
he
so
fully
Confuted
them
,
that
with
Shame
and
Confusion
of
Face
they
were
forced
to
give
over
.
He
finishing
this
great
Work
in
eleven
Years
space
,
searching
all
the
Records
himself
,
and
by
his
great
Study
and
Travail
therein
much
weakened
his
Body
;
yet
for
the
good
of
the
Church
he
spared
no
Pains
.
So
that
now
his
Fame
being
spread
abroad
,
many
who
retained
Doubts
and
Scruples
of
Conscience
,
as
well
Nobles
as
Plebeians
,
resorted
to
him
,
to
satisfy
them
,
and
dissolve
their
Anxieties
,
the
Concourse
being
daily
very
great
:
With
some
he
Prayed
,
to
others
he
declared
the
Will
of
the
Almighty
out
of
the
Holy
Scriptures
,
and
so
found
Means
to
give
them
full
Satisfaction
,
even
drawing
the
Souls
of
many
,
by
the
Assistance
of
God's
Divine
Grace
,
out
of
the
Mouth
of
Satan
:
Nor
did
he
spare
to
Preach
abroad
,
and
use
all
Diligence
to
promote
the
Gospel
;
and
so
fervent
were
his
Prayers
,
that
they
had
a
more
then
common
Influence
upon
the
Hearers
,
and
he
with
David
through
the
Sence
of
his
Sin
was
always
wont
to
Water
his
Couch
with
Tears
.
When
any
Rich
Person
sent
him
Presents
either
in
Mony
or
otherwise
,
he
would
take
it
with
one
Hand
,
and
with
the
other
distribute
it
amongst
such
as
he
thought
had
need
,
nor
is
it
to
be
doubted
that
he
had
a
singular
Gift
of
Prophecy
,
for
he
often
foretold
many
things
that
came
to
pass
.
One
Day
he
going
to
Visit
the
Lady
Henage
,
who
being
Sick
of
a
Feaver
,
and
given
over
by
her
Physicians
,
after
he
had
Prayed
by
her
,
he
told
her
She
had
done
well
to
prepare
her self
for
Death
,
but
indeed
she
should
not
dye
of
that
Sickness
.
Whereupon
her
Son
in-Law
said
,
He
had
not
done
well
to
disquiet
her
with
Hopes
of
Life
,
when
she
had
been
given
over
by
the
Learned
Physicians
:
To
which
Mr.
Fox
replyed
that
He
said
no
more
then
was
Commanded
him
,
for
it
seemed
good
to
God
that
she
should
Recover
,
which
within
a
short
time
,
she
accordingly
did
.
One
Mrs.
Honywood
having
layn
Sick
of
a
Consumption
and
deep
Melancholly
,
for
the
Space
of
twenty
Years
,
sent
for
Mr.
Fox
to
Pray
with
her
,
as
being
given
up
by
all
the
Physicians
for
Dead
;
the
which
when
he
had
done
,
he
told
her
she
should
not
only
Recover
,
but
live
many
Years
;
at
which
she
earnestly
looking
on
him
,
and
having
a
Glass
in
her
Hand
:
Said
,
You
might
as
well
have
told
me
,
that
if
I
throw
this
Glass
against
the
Wall
it
will
not
break
,
and
with
that
she
threw
it
with
all
her
Force
:
Yet
although
it
hit
against
a
Post
,
afterwards
against
a
Chest
,
and
then
on
the
Floor
,
it
neither
broke
,
nor
had
so
much
as
a
Flaw
in
it
;
and
as
Mr.
Fox
said
,
so
it
happened
,
for
she
soon
recovered
,
and
lived
twenty
Years
after
,
although
she
at
that
time
was
near
seventy
Years
old
.
One
Day
he
having
been
to
Visit
the
Earl
of
Arundel
at
the
Duke
of
Norfolk's
House
in
the
Strand
,
the
Earl
went
with
him
to
the
back
Stairs
,
where
he
was
to
take
Water
,
but
the
Thames
being
exceeding
Rough
,
the
Earl
disswaded
him
from
venturing
.
To
which
Mr.
Fox
reply'd
,
My
Lord
,
so
let
these
Waters
deal
with
me
,
as
I
have
in
Truth
and
Sincerity
delivered
unto
you
all
that
I
have
spoken
:
Which
done
he
entered
the
Boat
,
and
immediately
the
winds
ceased
,
and
there
was
a
great
Calm
.
The
reason
of
his
so
saying
to
the
Earl
was
,
because
he
had
formerly
been
his
Tutor
,
and
had
instructed
him
in
the
Principles
of
the
Protestant
Religion
.
He
now
growing
in
Years
,
and
by
reason
of
his
former
Hardships
,
his
great
Study
,
Travail
,
and
Labour
,
he
was
reduced
to
a
very
weak
Condition
,
he
laid
down
the
troublesom
Cares
of
the
World
,
to
prepare
himself
for
Death
:
And
foreseeing
his
End
was
at
hand
,
lest
his
Sons
should
be
troubled
,
he
sent
them
abroad
,
and
then
after
many
fervent
Prayers
for
the
Church
,
and
the
prevalency
of
the
Gospel
,
he
resigned
up
his
Spirit
into
the
Hands
of
the
Father
of
all
Spirits
;
dying
Anno
Christi
1587
,
and
of
his
Age
70.
Some
Passages
of
his
are
worthy
of
Note
,
he
one
Day
going
abroad
,
a
poor
Man
passing
along
,
he
friendly
Embraced
and
Relieved
him
;
when
being
demanded
whether
he
knew
him
or
not
,
he
said
,
Yes
truly
,
I
remember
him
well
,
and
forget
Lords
and
Ladys
to
remember
such
.
An
other
time
,
as
he
was
going
through
Cannon-Street
,
it
being
in
the
Reign
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
he
met
a
Woman
of
his
Acquaintance
,
who
after
some
Discourse
,
pulled
a
Bible
out
of
her
Pocket
,
telling
him
she
was
going
to
Church
.
Truly
said
Mr.
Fox
,
If
you
will
be
Advised
by
me
,
I
would
have
you
go
home
again
:
Why
then
,
said
the
Woman
,
when
must
I
go
to
Church
?
Indeed
,
said
Mr.
Fox
,
when
you
tell
no
body
of
it
.
The
Life
of
EDMUND
GRINDAL
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
.
EDmund
Grindal
was
Born
Anno
Dom.
1519
,
at
Beighs
in
Cumberland
,
of
Godly
Parents
,
and
there
brought
up
in
all
the
Learning
the
Schools
in
those
Parts
were
capable
to
furnish
him
withal
,
and
then
being
fitted
for
the
University
,
he
went
to
Cambridg
,
and
was
admitted
into
Pembrook
Hall
,
and
so
closely
applyed
himself
to
his
Study
,
that
he
outpassed
most
of
his
Fellows
,
insomuch
that
he
was
within
a
few
Years
after
his
coming
thither
Chosen
a
Fellow
,
and
within
a
while
after
that
,
Master
of
the
House
.
When
as
Bishop
Ridly
coming
to
Visit
the
University
,
and
taking
Notice
of
his
singular
Piety
and
Learning
,
he
appointed
him
one
of
his
Chaplains
,
and
afterwards
Recommended
him
to
King
Edward
the
sixth
,
who
set
greatly
by
him
,
and
was
about
to
Prefer
him
to
a
Bishoprick
,
but
that
he
was
prevented
by
Death
.
This
good
Prince
being
Dead
,
and
Queen
Mary
coming
to
the
Crown
,
he
amongst
the
rest
,
was
forced
to
fly
for
his
Life
,
abiding
in
Germany
,
and
there
instructing
the
People
in
the
way
to
saving
Knowledg
till
the
Death
of
the
Queen
,
when
returning
into
England
,
his
Light
could
not
be
hid
,
insomuch
that
Queen
Elizabeth
taking
notice
of
his
great
Parts
,
advanced
him
to
the
Bishoprick
of
London
,
from
which
bloody
Bonner
had
been
Expelled
;
where
he
used
his
utmost
Diligence
,
both
by
Preaching
and
other
Means
,
to
establish
the
true
Religion
under
that
blessed
Queen
;
and
so
much
deserved
at
her
Hands
,
that
the
Arch-Bishoprick
of
York
being
Vacant
,
he
was
Translated
thither
,
and
afterwards
to
the
See
of
Canterbury
,
where
he
continued
to
execute
his
Charge
with
all
Diligence
,
notwithstanding
the
Malice
of
such
as
strove
to
Undermine
his
greatness
:
But
at
last
this
good
Man
being
Summoned
by
Death
,
to
receive
the
Crown
that
is
laid
up
for
the
Righteous
;
dyed
at
Croidon
in
Surry
Anno
Christi
1583
,
and
of
his
Age
64.
He
was
a
Man
of
singular
Learning
and
Piety
,
Charitable
to
the
Poor
,
and
Curteous
to
all
.
At
St.
Beighs
in
Cumberland
,
the
place
of
his
Nativity
,
he
erected
a
Free-School
,
and
invested
it
with
thirty
Pounds
per
Annum
:
To
Pembrook
Hall
,
he
gave
twenty
two
Pounds
a
Year
for
ever
,
for
maintaining
a
Greek
Lecture
,
one
Fellow
,
and
two
Schollars
:
To
Magdalain
Colledg
,
he
gave
Lands
for
the
Maintenance
of
one
Fellow
from
the
School
of
St.
Beighs
aforesaid
;
with
many
other
charitable
Deeds
,
too
tedious
to
be
Expressed
:
And
only
can
be
wished
that
the
Clergy
of
our
Age
would
therein
follow
●is
Example
.
The
Lives
of
the
Kings
and
Queens
of
England
,
who
were
Instrumental
in
Carrying
on
the
great
Work
of
Reformation
,
to
this
very
Day
,
And
(
altho
it
may
be
some
Digression
)
The
Life
and
bloody
Reign
of
Queen
MARY
.
HAving
thus
run
over
in
this
second
Part
of
Ecclesiastical
History
,
the
Lives
of
the
famous
Reformers
,
glorious
Martyrs
,
and
great
Doctors
of
the
Church
,
I
shall
now
proceed
to
give
the
Reader
an
Account
of
the
Lives
of
such
English
Monarchs
as
have
been
Instrumental
in
Overthrowing
the
Romish
Superstitions
;
and
by
their
unwearied
Endeavours
,
Encouraged
and
Protected
the
Protestant
Religion
as
't
is
now
Established
in
the
Church
of
England
.
And
first
to
begin
with
HENRY
the
Eighth
,
who
first
Abolished
the
long
Vsurped
Supremacy
of
the
See
of
Rome
,
Wounding
the
Head
of
the
Beast
,
after
whom
all
the
World
wondered
.
HEnry
the
Eighth
was
second
Son
to
Henry
the
Seventh
,
and
his
Wife
Elizabeth
,
Daughter
to
Edward
the
Fourth
,
Born
Anno
Domini
1490
,
and
was
by
the
Prudent
King
his
Father
,
during
his
Minority
,
committed
to
the
Tutorage
of
several
learned
Men
,
and
amongst
the
rest
,
Cardinal
Wolsy's
,
which
was
the
first
Rise
of
that
great
Cardinal
.
After
he
was
about
thirteen
Years
of
Age
,
his
Brother
Prince
Arthur
dyed
,
whereupon
he
was
created
Prince
of
Wales
,
and
Married
to
Catharine
of
Spain
,
his
Brothers
Wife
;
in
which
State
he
continued
till
Anno
1508
,
at
what
time
his
Father
King
Henry
the
Seventh
dyed
,
and
he
the
same
Day
was
Proclaimed
King
of
England
,
France
,
and
Lord
of
Ireland
,
in
London
and
other
Places
of
this
Kingdom
,
and
within
a
while
after
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
by
William
Warham
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
:
And
thus
being
seated
in
the
Throne
of
the
Kingdom
,
the
first
remarkable
thing
he
did
,
was
upon
the
grievous
Complaint
of
several
Persons
,
to
deliver
up
to
publick
Justice
Empsom
,
and
Dudly
,
two
Judges
,
whom
King
Henry
the
Seventh
used
as
his
Instruments
to
Oppress
the
People
by
grievous
Exactions
;
who
being
Convicted
of
many
hainous
Crimes
,
were
Executed
on
Tower-Hill
.
A
while
after
,
Pope
Julius
the
Second
,
being
displeased
with
the
French
King
,
sent
his
Legate
to
Incite
our
King
Henry
to
demand
the
Dutches
of
Normandy
,
Guyen
,
Anjou
,
and
Mayne
,
which
he
accordingly
did
,
but
was
denyed
with
some
Contempt
;
whereupon
he
joyned
with
the
Emperor
Maximilian
,
and
Ferdinand
King
of
Spain
,
against
the
French
King
,
and
equiping
a
gallant
Fleet
,
he
Landed
an
Army
in
France
,
and
took
Terwin
,
and
Tournay
by
Seige
;
and
then
making
Wolsey
Bishop
of
Tournay
,
he
returned
into
England
,
where
he
bestowed
several
other
Bishopricks
upon
him
.
During
the
Kings
being
in
France
,
the
Scots
Invaded
England
under
their
King
,
James
the
Fourth
,
King
of
Scotland
,
upon
Pretence
of
our
Destroying
one
Andrew
Barton
,
a
Scotch
Pirate
,
who
had
done
great
Mischief
at
Sea
.
Against
them
,
the
Lord
Howard
,
Earl
of
Surry
,
and
Lieutenant
of
the
North
,
was
sent
;
who
gave
the
Scots
Battail
at
Foldon-Field
,
and
put
them
to
the
Rout
;
Killing
the
King
,
three
Bishops
,
two
Abbots
,
twelve
Earls
,
about
seventy
Lords
and
Knights
,
and
near
eight
thousand
common
Souldiers
,
taking
almost
as
many
Prisoners
.
The
French
King
hearing
of
these
Proceedings
,
sent
his
Ambassadors
to
Treat
of
a
Peace
:
Which
was
Concluded
upon
that
King's
Marrying
the
lady
Mary
,
our
Kings
second
Sister
;
yet
he
Enjoyed
her
not
long
,
for
within
three
Months
after
the
Marriage
he
dyed
;
and
then
Charles
Brandon
,
Duke
of
Suffolk
,
being
sent
to
fetch
her
over
,
privately
Married
her
at
Calis
,
which
had
nigh
caused
him
to
lose
the
King's
Favour
;
She
having
for
Dover
,
out
of
the
Kingdom
of
France
thirty
Thousand
Crowns
yearly
during
Life
,
and
one
hundred
Thousand
to
be
paid
for
five
Years
,
to
the
King
her
Brother
.
Pope
Julius
being
Dead
,
and
Leo
Succeeding
him
,
he
upon
Cardinal
Wolsey's
sending
good
store
of
Gold
to
Rome
,
sent
him
a
Cardinal's
Cap
:
And
now
Strangers
growing
very
Unruly
in
London
,
at
the
Instigation
of
one
Lincoln
,
a
great
Tumult
happened
on
May
Eve
,
who
Plundered
and
Destroyed
the
Houses
of
many
Strangers
in
St.
Martines
Legrand
,
and
other
places
;
the
Uprore
continuing
for
near
two
Days
;
whereupon
a
power
being
sent
into
the
City
,
many
of
them
were
Taken
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Lincoln
and
several
others
,
who
were
Executed
on
Gibbets
set
up
in
most
Streets
,
and
four
Hundred
Youth
,
and
twelve
Women
,
went
to
Westminster
with
Halters
about
their
Necks
,
and
were
at
the
Instance
of
Wolsey
Pardoned
;
and
from
that
time
,
ever
since
,
the
Day
of
that
Insurrection
is
called
Evil-May
Day
.
The
King
for
the
Sum
of
six
hundred
Thousand
Crowns
,
and
other
Gratuities
,
about
this
time
delivered
up
Turnay
to
the
French
,
altho
the
Emperour
Perswaded
him
from
it
:
But
the
French
soon
breaking
Truce
,
the
King
soon
prepared
for
War
,
and
joyning
with
the
Emperor
and
some
other
Princes
;
and
then
the
Emperor
Coming
into
England
,
it
was
agreed
that
when
the
Lady
Mary
came
of
Years
,
the
Emperor
should
take
her
to
Wife
:
And
thereupon
the
Earl
of
Surry
was
sent
with
a
great
Power
into
France
,
who
took
Morlois
,
and
burnt
several
Towns
and
Villages
on
the
Sea
Coast
,
and
so
returned
into
England
with
great
Spoils
;
when
as
the
Earl
of
Shrewsbury
was
sent
with
a
Puissant
Army
against
the
Duke
of
Albany
,
then
Regent
of
Scotland
,
but
by
the
Mediation
of
the
Nobility
,
a
Truce
was
concluded
ere
it
could
come
to
a
Battail
,
yet
a
while
after
,
the
Earl
of
Surry
being
made
Lord
Admiral
of
the
North
,
entred
that
Kingdom
,
and
did
great
Harm
,
insomuch
that
a
War
was
proclaimed
:
For
the
better
Management
of
which
,
a
Parliament
was
called
in
England
,
and
at
the
Instigation
of
Wolsey
,
the
half
of
all
Spiritual
Livings
were
granted
to
the
King
for
five
Years
,
and
a
Tenth
of
all
temporal
Substance
.
Christian
,
King
of
Denmark
,
being
Expelled
his
Kingdom
,
by
his
rebellious
Subjects
,
came
about
this
time
into
England
,
and
was
nobly
entertained
at
the
King's
Charge
,
for
the
space
of
three
Weeks
,
and
then
he
departed
for
Flanders
:
And
the
French
growing
Insolent
,
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
was
sent
over
with
an
Army
,
who
Fought
the
French
,
beat
them
,
took
many
Towns
,
and
returned
with
great
Booty
:
And
now
by
the
Mediation
of
Margret
,
Queen
of
Scots
,
and
Sister
to
King
Henry
;
a
firm
Peace
was
Concluded
between
Scotland
and
England
,
of
which
Wolsey
taking
the
Advantage
,
as
knowing
when
there
was
War
,
it
was
gainful
to
him
;
he
used
such
Diligence
,
that
he
withdrew
the
King
from
the
Emperor's
Interest
,
as
also
caused
him
to
decline
the
Payment
of
the
Annual
Pension
to
the
Duke
of
Burbon
;
whereupon
he
with
his
Army
went
to
Rome
,
fought
the
French
,
took
their
King
,
and
entred
the
City
with
his
Victorious
Army
,
and
Besieged
Pope
Clement
,
and
twenty
three
Cardinals
in
the
strong
Castle
of
Angelo
,
which
News
coming
to
Wolsey
,
he
solicited
the
King
to
send
an
Army
,
to
deliver
the
Pope
out
of
that
eminent
Danger
,
but
the
King
would
only
consent
to
grant
a
considerable
Sum
of
Money
,
to
be
imployed
in
raising
Italian
Forces
.
But
the
Pope
notwithstanding
his
Bulls
,
Curses
with
Bell
,
Book
,
and
Candle
,
found
his
Gold
most
Powerful
;
for
with
that
he
purchased
the
Duke's
Departure
:
and
altho
by
the
Popes
Procurement
he
was
Condemned
of
Treason
,
yet
he
maugered
the
Malice
of
that
proud
Prelate
,
and
laughed
him
to
Scorn
.
Things
being
at
this
Pass
,
the
Earl
of
Tyrowen
Rebelled
in
Ireland
,
against
whom
the
great
Earl
of
Surry
was
sent
,
with
a
powerful
Army
,
who
soon
caused
the
Rebels
to
Vanish
;
whereupon
the
Earl
of
Ossery
was
made
Deputy
,
but
within
a
short
time
displaced
,
and
the
Earl
of
Kilder
placed
in
his
Stead
,
against
whom
Wolsey
shew'd
him
an
inveterate
Enemy
,
and
thereby
lost
much
of
the
King's
Favour
.
The
Lady
Mary
,
the
King
's
eldest
Daughter
,
being
arrived
at
seven
Years
,
the
King
sent
to
put
the
Emperor
in
mind
of
his
Promise
,
but
he
not
greatly
liking
her
,
by
reason
of
her
want
of
Beauty
,
and
not
knowing
well
,
how
to
revoke
his
Promise
,
he
by
his
Ambassadors
,
began
to
question
her
Legitimacy
,
alledging
that
she
being
Born
of
that
Marriage
which
was
Contracted
with
a
Brothers
Wife
,
and
that
consequently
not
Lawful
,
she
could
not
be
Legitimate
.
The
King
hearing
these
Objections
,
began
to
fall
into
a
Dislike
of
that
Marriage
,
and
thereupon
calling
many
of
the
chief
Clergy
together
,
he
discovered
his
Resentments
;
whereupon
they
advised
him
to
sue
out
a
Divorce
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
which
he
attempted
with
great
Cost
:
But
finding
many
wilful
Delays
,
he
convened
the
Clergy
of
this
Kingdom
,
but
Cardinal
Wolsey
would
not
meddle
therein
,
unless
a
Cardinal
was
sent
to
joyn
with
him
in
Commission
;
whereupon
,
at
his
Request
,
Cardinal
Campejus
was
sent
by
the
Pope
,
with
Power
to
erect
a
Court
,
there
to
hear
the
King's
Objections
,
which
was
done
accordingly
,
at
a
vast
Charge
,
and
thither
the
King
and
Queen
were
Cited
,
and
many
Debates
held
;
so
that
at
last
all
Men
thinking
it
would
have
come
to
an
Issue
,
and
nothing
remained
but
the
determinatory
Sentence
,
for
procuring
a
Divorce
,
Campejus
Adjorned
the
Proceeding
to
be
heard
in
the
Court
of
Rome
,
referring
the
Sentence
to
the
Determination
of
the
Pope
.
Upon
these
Proceedings
of
the
two
Cardinals
,
the
King
was
highly
Incensed
;
Ordered
Campejus
to
depart
the
Land
,
and
for
some
Days
after
Wolsey
was
forbid
to
come
into
his
Presence
;
when
as
having
consulted
Cranmer
about
the
Matter
,
he
sent
him
to
Rome
,
who
there
so
learnedly
Disputed
and
Proved
out
of
Scripture
,
and
the
Writings
of
the
Fathers
,
that
it
was
not
Lawful
for
a
Brother
to
Marry
a
Brothers
Wife
;
that
none
would
,
or
at
least
could
,
Argue
against
the
many
Reasons
he
Propounded
;
and
returning
,
then
he
went
to
all
the
famous
Universities
of
Italy
,
Germany
,
Spain
,
France
,
and
Flanders
,
and
desired
the
Advice
of
the
chief
Doctors
,
who
all
concurred
with
him
,
in
his
Opinion
:
So
that
returning
Home
with
their
Opinions
in
Writing
,
under
the
Seals
of
the
several
Universities
;
the
King
was
so
highly
pleased
,
that
he
Invested
him
in
the
Arch-Bishoprick
of
Canterbury
,
and
put
away
Queen
Katherine
,
whereupon
the
Pope
sent
out
his
Bull
to
declare
the
Marriage
Lawful
,
but
the
King
not
regarding
it
;
not
only
Married
the
Lady
Ann
Bullin
,
Daughter
to
the
Viscount
Rochford
,
but
likewise
in
a
Parliament
he
then
called
,
abolished
the
Pope's
Supremacy
,
and
by
Act
of
Parliament
,
had
his
second
Marriage
Confirmed
.
And
now
Cardinal
Wolsey
being
arrived
at
the
height
of
Greatness
,
for
opposing
the
King
in
these
his
proceedings
;
began
more
and
more
to
fall
into
Disgrace
;
and
for
a
terrible
Example
,
to
deter
others
from
Murmuring
,
Sr.
Thomas
More
Lord
High
Chancellor
of
England
,
and
Bishop
Fisher
were
Beheaded
,
for
disowning
the
Kings
Supremacy
in
Spiritual
Affairs
;
and
several
Articles
drawn
up
against
the
Cardinal
,
all
his
Dignities
Sequestered
,
and
his
Person
Arrested
at
Lawood
,
about
seven
Miles
from
York
,
by
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
,
in
order
to
his
being
brought
up
to
London
,
to
Answer
his
Charge
,
but
by
the
way
,
Lodging
at
Leicester
Abby
,
he
dyed
,
as
't
is
thought
,
of
excessive
Grief
;
though
some
are
of
Opinion
,
he
poisoned
himself
,
because
he
would
not
live
to
see
the
Disgrace
he
must
needs
undergo
:
His
last
Words
be
,
If
I
had
served
my
God
,
so
faithfully
as
I
have
served
my
King
,
he
would
not
at
this
time
have
cast
me
off
.
He
was
a
Man
of
a
haughty
Spirit
,
being
at
first
raised
,
from
being
a
poor
School-Master
,
by
King
Henry
the
Seventh
:
He
during
the
younger
Years
of
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
Ruled
the
Kingdom
in
Effect
,
and
heaped
up
to
him
such
Infinite
Treasure
,
that
't
is
reported
he
sent
twelve
Barrels
full
of
Gold
and
Silver
to
Rome
,
and
that
for
the
building
his
two
Colledges
,
he
Suppressed
fourty
Monasteries
,
and
in
his
Writings
usually
Subscribed
,
I
and
my
King
,
and
upon
most
of
the
King's
Money
caused
the
Cardinal's
Cap
to
be
Stamped
.
And
now
one
Elizabeth
Barton
a
Popish
Implement
,
commonly
called
the
Holy
Maid
of
Kent
,
pretended
to
have
Revelations
from
Heaven
;
and
thereupon
declared
that
it
was
Revealed
to
her
,
that
if
the
King
proceeded
in
his
second
Marriage
,
he
should
not
Reign
a
Month
,
whereupon
she
and
seven
of
her
Disciples
being
Attainted
of
high
Treason
,
were
Executed
at
Tyburn
.
And
now
the
Pope
growing
Impatient
at
the
loss
of
such
a
sweet
Morsel
,
as
the
Revenue
of
England
,
by
his
Agents
endeavoured
to
stir
up
the
neighbouring
Princes
against
our
King
Henry
,
and
especially
James
the
Fifth
,
King
of
Scots
,
his
Nephew
,
promising
the
Crown
to
those
that
could
catch
it
;
but
his
Attempts
proved
Ineffectual
.
And
now
so
far
prevail
the
Popelings
,
that
they
endeavoured
to
wreck
their
Revenge
against
all
that
had
been
for
the
Obliterating
the
Popes
Supremacy
,
bringing
many
into
Disgrace
.
About
this
time
Queen
Ann
was
delivered
of
the
Princess
Elizabeth
,
afterwards
Queen
of
England
,
and
the
next
Year
of
a
Child
Still
Born
:
But
this
good
Lady
favouring
the
Reformed
Religion
,
the
Court-Papists
,
and
especially
bloody
Gardiner
,
so
over
bribed
those
that
Attended
her
;
whereupon
they
Accused
her
of
Committing
Incest
with
her
Brother
the
Lord
Rochford
,
whereupon
they
together
with
Noris
,
Weston
,
Brierton
,
and
Marks
,
Gentlemen
of
the
Privy
Chamber
,
were
sent
to
the
Tower
,
and
within
a
while
after
,
all
of
them
beheaded
,
as
't
is
supposed
,
to
make
way
for
a
new
Love
,
for
the
next
Day
the
King
was
Married
to
the
Lady
Jane
Seymer
.
And
now
the
King
being
destitute
of
a
Privado
,
whereto
he
might
impart
his
weighty
Secrets
,
Advanced
Thomas
Cromwel
,
Son
to
a
Black-Smith
,
born
at
Putny
,
he
having
been
formerly
a
Servant
to
Wolsey
;
first
Knighting
him
,
then
created
him
Lord
Cromwel
,
Barron
of
Okeham
,
Master
of
his
Jewel-House
,
Knight
of
the
Garter
,
Earl
of
Essex
,
Lord
high
Chamberlain
,
and
lastly
Vicar
General
:
This
Man
was
God's
Instrument
in
the
Hand
of
the
King
,
to
Suppress
Popery
,
and
Cherish
the
Reformed
Religion
,
using
his
utmost
Diligence
to
Suppress
Images
,
Idols
,
Popish
Trinkets
,
and
Monasteries
;
but
the
Devil
Envying
his
Happiness
,
for
Opposing
the
Encrease
of
his
Kingdom
,
he
stirred
up
Gardiner
against
him
,
with
several
Popish
Bishops
,
who
notwithstanding
his
Wariness
,
and
upright
Dealing
,
so
far
prevailed
against
him
,
that
they
brought
him
into
the
King's
Displeasure
,
and
then
pushing
on
their
Malicious
Design
,
caused
him
to
lose
his
Head
;
of
whose
Death
the
King
often
Repented
him
,
wishing
many
times
,
that
he
had
his
Cromwel
again
.
The
Fryers
and
Monks
being
unhived
,
and
wanting
their
Roastmeat
,
grew
Impatient
,
and
thereupon
stirred
up
the
unthinking
Mobile
in
Yorkshire
and
Lincolnshire
to
take
Arms
,
but
upon
Proclamation
of
free
Pardon
,
they
laid
them
down
without
Bloodshed
,
but
the
Monks
being
Impatient
,
and
finding
the
Instability
of
the
Plebeans
,
they
dealt
with
those
of
Rank
,
whereupon
an
Insurrection
was
Headed
by
the
Lord
Darcy
,
Lord
Hussye
,
Sr:
Robert
Constable
,
Sr.
Thomas
Percy
,
Sr.
Frances
Bigot
,
Sr.
Stephen
Hambleton
,
Sr.
John
Bulmer
,
the
Abbot
of
Fountaines
,
the
Abbot
of
Rivax
,
the
Abbot
of
Gervaulks
,
and
Prior
of
Burlington
,
all
of
which
being
taken
,
were
Executed
in
several
Parts
of
England
.
About
this
time
Queen
Jane
was
brought
to
Bed
of
Prince
Edward
,
afterwards
King
of
England
,
but
dying
in
Childbed
,
the
King
lamented
her
Death
grievously
,
whereupon
he
continued
a
Widdower
for
the
space
of
two
Years
,
and
then
was
affianced
to
the
Lady
Ann
of
Cleve
,
but
upon
her
first
Arrival
the
King
took
a
Dislike
to
her
Person
,
and
therefore
never
Bedded
her
;
but
within
a
short
time
procured
a
Divorce
to
pass
in
Parliament
,
and
was
Married
to
the
Lady
Catharine
Howard
,
Daughter
to
Edward
,
Brother
to
Thomas
Duke
of
Norfolk
:
But
whether
True
,
or
through
the
Malice
of
the
Popish
Party
,
is
uncertain
,
after
her
six
Months
Marriage
she
was
Accused
of
Adultry
,
and
thereupon
,
together
with
the
Lady
Jane
Rochford
,
and
some
other
of
the
Privy-Chamber
,
was
Beheaded
within
the
Tower
.
The
same
Year
the
Lords
Grey
and
Dacres
,
Margaret
Countess
of
Salisbury
and
others
,
were
likewise
Beheaded
,
and
the
King
,
who
was
now
grown
Old
,
began
to
think
him
of
an
other
Wife
,
and
thereupon
was
Married
to
Katharine
Par.
The
Parliament
again
sitting
,
it
was
Enacted
high
Treason
for
any
one
to
deny
the
King's
Supremacy
,
or
to
acknowledg
the
Pope
:
And
by
this
Parliament
,
the
six
bloody
Articles
were
Confirmed
,
and
it
was
made
Heresy
and
Death
to
deny
any
of
them
;
the
which
were
as
followeth
:
First
,
That
after
speaking
the
Words
of
Consecration
by
the
Priest
,
the
real
and
natural
Body
and
Blood
of
Christ
,
as
he
was
Conceived
and
Crucified
,
was
in
the
Sacrament
,
and
no
other
Substance
.
Secondly
,
That
the
Communion
in
both
Kinds
,
is
not
necessary
to
Salvation
.
Thirdly
,
That
Priests
may
not
Marry
.
Fourthly
,
That
Vows
of
Chastity
ought
to
be
Observed
.
Fifthly
,
That
Private
Mass
ought
to
be
continued
.
Sixthly
,
That
Auricular
Confession
is
necessary
,
and
requisit
to
be
retained
in
the
Church
of
God
.
These
Articles
having
passed
both
Houses
,
and
signed
by
the
King
,
many
good
Christians
refused
to
shape
their
Consciences
according
to
Tenour
thereof
,
and
therefore
not
a
few
Suffered
the
Flames
,
and
by
other
Means
put
to
Death
.
The
Scots
again
Invading
England
,
and
their
King
having
made
one
Oliver
St.
Clere
,
an
upstart
Favourite
,
General
,
the
Nobility
so
much
disdeigned
his
Command
,
that
out
of
Hatred
to
him
,
they
willingly
lost
the
Battail
,
almost
without
Fighting
,
which
King
James
the
Fifth
,
took
so
grievously
,
that
he
fell
into
a
Feavour
and
Dyed
,
and
soon
after
a
Peace
for
ten
Years
was
Concluded
,
upon
Condition
that
the
Lady
Mary
,
King
James's
only
Child
,
should
be
given
in
Marriage
to
Edward
,
Heir
to
our
King
Henry
:
But
by
the
Disswasion
of
the
Pope
and
French
King
,
they
kept
not
their
Promise
;
whereupon
the
King
prepared
two
Armies
,
and
Warred
on
both
Nations
:
His
Army
in
France
taking
Buloin
,
and
several
other
Places
of
Importance
;
and
that
in
Scotland
,
Burnt
the
City
of
Edenburg
,
and
made
great
Havock
in
the
adjacent
Countries
.
Anno
1545
,
a
Councel
was
held
at
Trent
,
which
by
Adjornments
was
continued
till
1563
,
during
the
Popedoms
of
Paul
the
Third
,
Julian
the
Third
,
and
Pius
the
Fourth
,
and
was
the
Eighteenth
General
Council
.
The
King
having
formerly
wrote
a
Book
against
Luther
,
for
which
he
had
the
Title
of
Defender
of
the
Faith
,
sent
him
by
the
Pope
:
Now
Wrote
a
Book
against
the
Pope
,
laying
open
his
Covetousness
,
Envy
,
Breach
of
League
,
Stirring
up
of
princes
to
War
,
and
causing
Subjects
to
Rebel
against
their
lawful
Prince
.
And
now
the
Monasteries
,
Fryeries
,
Pryeries
,
Colledges
,
&c.
and
Nunneries
went
to
wrack
;
there
being
Suppressed
in
England
and
Wales
,
Monasteries
313
,
Pryories
290
,
Fryeries
122
,
Nunneries
142
,
Colledges
152
,
and
Hospitals
129
,
in
all
1148.
The
Valuation
thereof
(
altho
at
half
the
Worth
)
as
they
were
presented
to
the
King
,
by
the
Commissioner
,
at
the
time
of
their
Suppression
,
amounting
to
one
hundred
eighty
three
thousand
seven
hundred
seven
Pounds
and
thirteen
Shillings
.
Yet
the
Lands
were
so
Imbezeled
and
Distributed
amongst
Courtiers
,
and
Annexed
to
Mannors
,
that
the
King's
Exchequer
was
not
much
Increased
thereby
.
And
now
the
King
much
decaying
by
reason
of
grievous
Sickness
,
on
Thursday
the
28th
.
of
January
.
Anno
1546
,
gave
up
the
Ghost
in
the
56
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
38
of
his
Reign
,
and
was
Buried
in
Windsor
Chappel
;
altho
a
stately
Monument
was
Contrived
for
him
in
Westminster
Abby
,
but
through
the
Troubles
that
afterwards
happened
,
it
was
left
Unfinished
.
The
Life
and
Reign
of
EDWARD
the
Sixth
,
King
of
England
,
&c.
EDward
Tuder
,
afterwards
King
of
England
,
by
the
Name
of
Edward
the
Sixth
,
was
born
,
Anno
Christi
1537.
and
was
the
only
Son
of
King
Henry
the
Eighth
,
by
his
third
Wife
Jane
Daughter
to
Sir
John
Seymer
,
who
lost
her
Life
to
give
him
Birth
;
for
being
cast
into
a
dead
sleep
,
or
her
sences
benum'd
with
powerful
Spirits
,
her
Belly
was
open'd
,
of
which
Incision
within
four
days
after
she
dyed
.
When
he
came
to
be
six
years
of
Age
,
he
was
committed
to
the
Tutorage
of
Dr.
Cox
and
Mr.
Cheek
both
learned
and
godly
men
;
the
first
instructing
him
in
Divinity
,
the
latter
in
the
Languages
;
in
both
which
(
being
of
a
most
acute
Wit
)
he
grew
so
perfect
,
that
he
became
the
wonder
of
his
Age
,
for
at
ten
years
old
he
spake
Latin
,
Greek
,
French
,
Italian
and
Spanish
very
readily
;
he
was
likewise
very
skilful
in
Logick
,
Philosophy
,
Musick
and
Astronomy
.
When
he
was
but
nine
years
of
Age
,
his
Father
King
Henry
dyed
,
and
he
was
proclaimed
King
in
London
,
Westminster
,
and
other
Places
,
and
in
great
State
conducted
to
the
Tower
of
London
,
where
his
Unkle
the
Duke
of
Summerset
being
Protector
of
the
Kingdom
(
during
his
Minority
)
Knighted
him
,
then
the
young
King
taking
the
Sword
from
his
Unkle
Knighted
the
Lord
Mayor
,
and
several
others
,
and
created
his
other
Unkle
,
Sir
Thomas
Seymer
,
Lord
of
Sudly
,
and
High
Admiral
of
England
;
and
returning
to
Westminster
he
was
crowned
by
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
all
the
Nobility
attending
,
as
is
usual
upon
the
like
occasion
,
and
the
same
day
he
caused
a
General
Pardon
to
pass
the
Broad
Seal
to
all
Persons
except
six
,
who
were
named
therein
.
And
now
this
Pious
Prince
being
Established
in
the
Throne
of
his
Father
,
bent
his
whole
Study
to
the
better
setling
Religion
,
and
thereupon
consulted
with
many
Godly
Divines
about
Reforming
the
Church
,
by
whose
assistance
he
so
model'd
the
Ecclesiastical
Affairs
,
that
the
Dregs
of
Popery
were
purged
out
,
and
pious
men
every
where
commanded
to
teach
according
to
the
Word
of
God
,
all
Images
,
Massing
Garments
,
and
other
Trumpery
were
seased
and
burnt
,
and
now
not
only
the
Pope's
Supremacy
,
but
the
Popish
Religion
was
abolished
,
and
the
Doctors
of
the
Reformed
Churches
invited
over
from
Germany
,
and
other
Places
,
of
which
many
came
,
as
Bucer
,
Fagius
,
Peter
Martyr
,
and
others
;
so
that
the
bright
Rays
of
the
Gospel
began
to
shine
into
the
darkest
corner
of
Ignorance
.
A
Parliament
being
called
,
the
six
Bloody
Articles
(
upon
refusing
to
comply
with
which
about
fifty
Persons
suffered
the
Flames
in
Henry
the
Eighth's
days
)
were
revoked
,
and
now
the
Parliament
thought
fit
to
prosecute
the
Marriage
agreed
on
in
King
Henry's
Reign
,
between
the
Lady
Mary
Queen
of
Scotland
,
and
our
King
Edward
;
whereupon
Ambassadors
were
sent
to
demand
her
,
but
the
Regent
declared
that
the
Contract
was
void
,
which
so
incensed
the
King
and
Parliament
,
that
the
Duke
of
Summerset
was
sent
with
a
great
Army
to
Barwick
;
whereupon
the
Regent
caused
fire
to
be
carried
a
cross
,
and
the
Bells
to
be
rung
as
is
usual
amongst
the
Scots
upon
any
Invasion
;
so
that
all
the
Kingdom
rose
in
Arms
,
yet
the
Lord
Protector
not
fearing
their
prodigious
number
,
gave
them
battle
,
in
which
the
Scots
were
overthrown
,
nine
Dukes
and
Earls
were
slain
,
and
about
a
thousand
of
meaner
rank
;
whereupon
the
Scottish
Regent
fearing
that
the
Nobility
would
deliver
up
the
Queen
,
he
sent
her
into
France
,
there
to
be
married
to
the
Dauphin
,
which
so
inraged
the
English
,
that
they
vowed
the
utter
Subversion
of
Scotland
,
destroying
all
before
them
with
Fire
and
Sword
in
a
most
fearful
manner
,
but
by
reason
of
some
Insurrections
that
happ'ned
in
England
,
the
Duke
was
recalled
.
In
this
Parliament
likewise
the
Statutes
of
Richard
the
Second
,
and
Henry
the
Fifth
,
for
suppressing
the
Scriptures
in
English
,
were
repeal'd
,
and
it
was
Enacted
that
the
Church
Service
should
be
read
in
English
,
and
that
the
Blessed
Sacrament
should
be
administred
in
both
kinds
,
and
that
all
Popish
Ceremonies
should
be
abolished
;
and
those
that
would
not
yield
obedience
to
the
Church
,
as
it
was
now
established
,
to
lose
their
Places
,
and
be
punished
as
Contemners
of
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
;
whereupon
several
Popish
Bishops
complied
,
and
rather
than
they
would
leave
their
Bishopricks
chose
to
swallow
down
any
Oath
that
could
be
imposed
on
them
;
others
indeed
went
off
,
and
made
it
their
business
to
stir
up
the
People
to
Rebellion
,
which
they
and
their
Agents
effected
in
Devonshire
and
Cornwel
,
where
great
Tumults
arose
,
there
being
at
least
thirty
thousand
in
Arms
at
once
,
who
did
great
Mischief
,
beseiging
the
City
of
Exeter
,
which
held
out
against
them
;
whereupon
the
Lord
Russel
was
sent
down
with
an
Army
,
as
likewise
the
King's
Pardon
,
which
he
first
proclaimed
by
a
Herauld
upon
condition
they
would
lay
down
their
Arms
and
depart
peaceably
to
their
respective
homes
,
which
they
refusing
,
he
gave
them
battle
,
and
after
four
several
overthrows
took
their
Ring-leader
,
who
being
executed
,
the
rest
submitted
.
No
sooner
were
the
Tumults
of
Cornwal
and
Devonshire
suppressed
,
but
one
Robert
Ket
drew
about
twenty
thousand
of
the
Commons
of
Norfolk
,
to
take
up
Arms
against
the
King
,
and
breaking
into
the
City
of
Norwich
,
did
great
hurt
,
but
the
Lord
Dudly
being
sent
against
them
with
an
Army
,
gave
them
battle
,
and
putting
them
to
the
rout
,
took
Ket
their
Ring-leader
,
whom
together
with
sixty
nine
others
he
caused
to
be
executed
.
These
Rebels
were
scarcely
suppressed
,
when
News
came
that
the
Commons
of
Yorkshire
were
up
in
Arms
under
the
leading
of
one
William
Ombler
a
Farmer
,
Thomas
Dale
a
Parish
Clark
,
and
one
Stephenson
a
Post-Master
,
but
the
King
sending
down
his
pardon
to
all
but
the
three
before
mentioned
,
these
that
they
had
seduced
seeing
their
Folly
,
embraced
the
offered
Mercy
;
so
that
their
Ring-leaders
being
delivered
up
to
Justice
,
they
were
carried
to
York
,
and
there
Executed
.
But
now
what
was
more
grievous
,
the
Nobility
began
to
fall
out
amongst
themselves
,
and
especially
the
King's
Unkles
,
the
first
quarrel
between
them
being
about
their
Wives
taking
the
upper
hand
,
which
grew
to
that
height
,
notwithstanding
the
Mediation
of
the
young
King
,
that
the
Lord
Protector
procured
Articles
to
be
drawn
up
against
his
Brother
,
and
getting
them
passed
in
Parliament
,
he
caused
him
to
be
Attainted
of
High
Treason
,
and
got
the
King
to
sign
a
Warrant
for
his
Death
,
whereupon
he
was
beheaded
on
Tower
Hill
;
but
the
Protector
by
this
means
having
untwisted
the
Cable
;
he
was
too
weak
to
hold
the
Ship
of
Government
in
so
tempestuous
a
Sea
,
for
by
this
Act
having
chalked
out
a
Path
to
those
that
envied
his
Greatness
,
they
Articled
against
him
,
when
upon
his
Tryal
,
he
being
aquitted
of
Treason
,
he
was
Attainted
of
Felony
,
and
for
that
he
headed
,
for
which
had
not
he
been
Infatigated
,
he
might
have
had
the
Benefit
of
his
Clergy
.
During
these
Intestine
Dissentions
,
the
English
were
driven
out
of
Scotland
,
and
the
French
attempted
the
recovery
of
Bullogne
,
and
at
the
same
time
Invade
the
Isle
of
Garnsey
,
but
were
beaten
off
from
either
with
considerable
loss
.
And
now
these
Great
Peers
being
removed
,
the
Duke
of
Northumberland
ruled
all
at
Court
,
and
every
one
moved
according
to
his
Dictates
,
few
daring
to
controul
his
Will
,
and
the
King
fell
into
desperate
Melancholy
through
immoderate
Grief
for
the
Deaths
of
his
Unkles
,
to
which
he
had
been
over-perswaded
to
consent
,
which
made
him
bemoan
this
Misfortune
,
in
this
manner
.
Ah
,
said
he
,
where
was
the
good
Nature
of
a
Nephew
?
where
was
the
Clemency
of
a
Prince
?
Ah
,
how
unfortunate
have
I
been
to
those
of
my
Blood
?
my
Mother
I
slew
at
my
Birth
,
and
since
have
made
away
two
of
her
Brothers
,
and
unhappily
to
make
way
for
the
purposes
of
others
,
against
my self
.
Alass
,
how
falsly
have
I
been
abused
,
how
weakly
carried
,
and
how
little
was
I
Master
of
my
own
Judgment
?
And
indeed
this
latter
part
of
his
Speech
proved
Prophetick
;
for
Northumberland
having
got
the
Power
,
prevailed
upon
the
weak
King
,
to
will
the
Kingdom
to
the
Lady
Jane
,
Daughter
to
the
Earl
of
Suffolk
,
to
whom
he
had
married
his
fourth
Son
,
the
Lord
Guilford
Dudley
on
purpose
to
translate
the
Soverainty
to
his
House
,
which
the
King
consented
too
,
and
then
Northumberland
removing
all
the
King's
Chirurgeons
and
Physicians
,
delivered
him
into
the
hands
of
a
Woman
,
who
undertaking
to
cure
him
,
bereaved
him
of
Life
by
Poyson
,
or
her
unskilfulness
,
who
a
little
before
his
Death
was
heard
to
pray
,
as
followeth
.
Lord
God
,
deliver
me
out
of
this
miserable
and
wretched
Life
,
and
take
me
amongst
thy
chosen
.
Howbeit
,
not
my
Will
,
but
thy
Will
be
done
.
Lord
,
I
commit
my
Spirit
to
thee
.
O
Lord
,
thou
knowest
how
happy
it
were
for
me
to
be
with
thee
,
yet
for
thy
Chosen's
sake
send
me
life
and
health
,
that
I
may
truly
serve
thee
.
O
my
Lord
God
,
bless
thy
People
,
and
save
thine
Inheritance
.
O
Lord
God
,
save
thy
chosen
People
of
England
.
O
my
Lord
God
,
defend
the
Realm
from
Papistry
,
and
maintain
thy
true
Religion
,
that
I
and
my
People
may
praise
thy
Holy
Name
for
thy
Son
Jesus
Christ's
sake
;
and
then
looking
about
him
,
he
perceived
several
Bishops
standing
at
a
distance
,
to
whom
he
said
,
I
did
not
think
you
had
been
so
nigh
.
And
within
a
while
after
,
he
said
,
I
am
faint
,
Lord
,
have
mercy
upon
me
,
and
receive
my
Spirit
,
and
so
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
dying
on
the
Twenty
eighth
of
January
,
Anno
1553.
and
in
the
sixteenth
Year
of
his
Age
,
having
Reigned
six
Years
,
five
Months
,
and
eight
Days
,
and
was
buried
in
Westminster
Abby
,
being
the
41
sole
Monarch
.
He
was
a
Prince
so
accomplished
for
Piety
,
Wisdom
and
Learning
,
that
considering
his
Age
,
he
was
the
Wonder
of
the
World
,
his
Charity
was
extraordinary
,
as
Christ's
Hospital
,
Saint
Bartholomews
,
Saint
Thomas's
,
Bridewel
,
and
Bethlem
Hospitals
can
witness
,
which
he
freely
gave
likewise
with
a
yearly
Revenue
out
of
the
Crown
Lands
,
as
many
other
Structures
for
Charitable
Uses
.
The
Life
and
Bloody
Reign
of
Queen
MARY
.
QUeen
Mary
was
Eldest
Daughter
to
Henry
the
Eighth
,
by
his
Wife
Queen
Katherine
of
Spain
,
first
married
to
Prince
Arthur
his
Eldest
Brother
,
and
in
her
Infancy
trained
up
in
Popish
Superstitions
,
being
a
great
hearkner
to
the
Instructions
of
Gardiner
Bishop
of
Winchester
;
all
King
Edward's
time
she
rarely
came
to
Court
,
by
reason
that
good
King
disli●ed
her
for
her
Religion
,
and
when
the
Emperor's
Ambassadour
made
Suit
that
she
might
have
private
Mass
said
in
her
House
,
the
King
would
by
no
means
consent
to
it
.
At
the
time
of
the
King's
Death
she
remained
at
her
Castle
of
Fremingham
,
as
a
private
Woman
,
when
hearing
of
the
advancement
of
her
Cozen
Jane
,
a
virtuous
and
truly
pious
Lady
,
she
sent
her
Letters
to
the
Council
,
advising
them
to
proclaim
her
Queen
,
as
was
her
Right
,
but
they
refusing
,
she
by
many
fair
promises
allured
the
Suffolk
men
to
take
her
part
,
promising
them
to
confirm
the
Established
Religion
,
but
failed
them
when
she
came
to
the
Crown
.
Having
got
together
about
Four
thousand
Horse
and
Foot
headed
by
some
of
the
Nobility
that
resorted
to
her
;
she
came
forwards
by
slow
Journeys
,
and
still
increasing
her
number
,
the
Earl
of
Northumberland
was
sent
out
against
her
;
but
when
he
came
to
Cambridge
,
the
Council
revolted
from
the
Lady
Jane
,
whom
they
had
Crowned
Queen
,
and
sworn
to
stand
by
with
their
Lives
and
Fortunes
,
&
proclaimed
the
Lady
Mary
Queen
in
London
,
which
Northumberland
understanding
,
he
caused
her
to
be
proclaimed
in
Cambridge
,
and
threw
up
his
Cap
out
of
a
seeming
Joy
,
and
thereupon
dismissed
his
Soldiers
;
yet
was
he
within
a
short
time
after
arrested
by
the
Earl
of
Arundel
,
who
had
sworn
to
stand
by
him
,
and
although
he
turned
Apostate
,
renouncing
his
Religion
,
yet
was
he
beheaded
on
Tower
Hill
,
as
likewise
Sir
John
Gates
,
and
Sir
Thomas
Palmer
,
who
commanded
under
him
;
and
after
the
Queens
Coronation
,
the
Wonder
of
her
Sex
,
the
pious
and
famed
Lady
Jane
,
together
with
her
Husband
being
tryed
in
Guild
Hall
,
were
attainted
of
High
Treason
,
and
afterwards
beheaded
,
to
the
great
grief
of
all
the
Lovers
of
Truth
,
and
the
Duke
of
Suffolk
after
his
release
practicing
Rebellion
in
the
North
,
was
betrayed
by
one
of
his
Servants
,
and
together
with
his
Brother
the
Lord
Thomas
Gray
brought
Prisoners
to
the
Tower
of
London
,
and
being
Attainted
by
the
Queens
Commissioners
they
both
lost
their
Heads
.
One
thing
is
remarkable
,
Judge
Morgan
,
who
gave
Sentence
upon
the
Lady
Jane
,
presently
after
her
death
fell
mad
,
and
in
his
raving
was
wont
to
cry
out
,
Take
away
the
Lady
Jane
.
And
now
the
Queen
having
got
the
Reins
of
Government
in
her
own
hand
,
called
a
Parliament
(
at
which
time
Cardinal
Pool
coming
into
England
)
by
his
Perswasions
they
made
an
Act
to
restore
the
Popish
Religion
,
and
from
him
the
Lords
and
Commons
received
an
Absolution
,
which
was
no
sooner
done
,
but
the
good
Bishops
of
the
Reformed
Church
were
Deposed
,
Imprisoned
,
and
Murthered
,
when
as
many
Popish
Wolves
crept
from
their
secret
Coverts
,
and
were
highly
advanced
,
who
so
far
Incensed
the
Queen
against
the
true
Servants
of
God
,
that
they
had
it
in
their
power
to
deal
with
them
as
they
list
,
and
they
according
to
the
Scriptures
,
found
the
Mercies
of
the
wicked
cruel
,
for
there
were
few
Towns
of
note
in
England
,
where
some
or
other
of
them
were
not
exposed
to
the
Flames
,
by
whose
couragious
sufferings
,
contrary
to
the
expectation
of
the
Adversary
,
the
Professors
of
the
Gospel
were
greatly
increased
.
About
this
time
the
Queen
being
desirous
to
Marry
,
declared
her
Intentions
to
the
Parliament
,
who
approved
of
it
,
and
there
were
proposed
Philip
King
of
Spain
,
and
Son
to
the
Emperor
,
Cardinal
Pool
,
and
the
Lord
Courtney
,
of
which
she
seemed
rather
Inclinable
to
the
former
;
whereupon
the
Matter
was
so
ordered
that
the
Marriage
was
concluded
with
many
advantagious
Articles
,
and
within
a
while
after
King
Philip
landing
with
a
great
Train
of
Nobility
,
and
the
Nuptial
Rites
were
solemnized
.
Although
to
prevent
it
,
Sir
Thomas
Wyat
had
raised
the
Commons
of
Kent
,
thinking
to
have
seized
upon
the
Queen
in
the
Tower
of
London
;
for
which
he
and
seventy
three
of
his
Partakers
were
Executed
,
of
which
Insurrection
the
Poplings
perswaded
the
Queen
,
that
the
Lady
Elizabeth
her
Sister
was
the
Cause
;
whereupon
she
being
brought
from
her
Mannor
of
Ashbrig
,
in
a
very
sickly
condition
was
committed
to
the
Tower
,
and
from
thence
removed
to
Woodstock
,
where
she
was
often
put
in
danger
of
her
Life
,
as
in
the
Account
of
her
Life
and
happy
Reign
,
will
be
more
fully
demonstrated
.
The
Pope's
Supremacy
being
now
restored
,
many
good
men
were
forced
to
fly
beyond
the
Seas
to
avoid
the
Flames
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Mr.
Bertie
and
his
Wife
,
the
Dutches
of
Suffolk
,
who
in
strange
Countries
under-went
many
Perils
,
till
such
time
as
they
arrived
in
Poland
,
where
they
lived
in
safety
till
the
Death
of
the
Queen
;
for
in
this
persecution
at
the
Instigation
of
Bonner
,
Bishop
of
London
,
and
Gardiner
,
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
those
Instruments
of
Cruelty
,
during
this
Queens
Reign
,
there
suffered
by
Fire
,
and
received
the
Glorious
Crowns
of
Martyrdom
,
five
Bishops
,
twenty
one
Divines
,
eighteen
Gentlemen
,
eighty
four
Artificers
,
one
hundred
Husbandmen
,
Servants
,
and
Labourers
,
twenty
six
Wives
,
twenty
Widdows
,
nine
Virgins
,
two
Youths
,
and
two
Infants
,
whose
blood
,
as
a
Worthy
Father
has
it
,
was
the
Seed
of
the
Church
;
For
the
more
they
were
destroyed
the
more
they
increased
;
nor
were
these
all
,
for
twenty
more
perished
in
prison
for
want
,
and
seven
scourged
to
death
by
Bonner
and
his
Associates
.
The
Queen
having
been
married
about
half
a
year
,
it
was
rumoured
that
she
was
with
Child
;
whereupon
Rockers
were
provided
,
and
all
things
necessary
,
and
so
much
credit
did
the
report
gain
,
that
it
went
currant
within
some
Months
after
,
that
she
was
delivered
of
a
Son
;
so
that
the
English
Merchants
at
Antwerp
made
Bonsiers
for
Joy
,
and
discharged
their
Ordinance
;
nay
,
the
Popish
Priests
prayed
in
the
Pulpit
,
that
she
might
have
an
easie
Delivery
,
and
that
it
might
prove
a
Son
;
but
at
last
,
Truth
,
which
will
not
be
always
hid
,
came
to
Light
,
and
it
was
known
that
she
never
was
with
Child
,
but
had
been
deceived
by
a
Timpany
,
which
so
much
displeased
King
Philip
,
that
he
left
her
,
and
went
to
assist
the
Emperour
his
Father
in
his
Wars
against
the
French
,
and
returned
not
in
sixteen
Months
,
and
although
it
was
agreed
in
the
Articles
of
Marriage
,
that
the
English
should
not
intermeddie
in
those
Wars
,
yet
the
Queen
sent
over
an
Army
to
assist
her
Husband
,
which
landing
in
France
,
marched
to
Saint
Quintines
,
where
Philip's
Camp
lay
,
and
by
their
sole
courage
took
that
Place
,
to
revenge
which
,
the
Duke
of
Guise
flew
with
his
Army
to
Callais
,
the
Governour
then
not
suspecting
any
such
matter
,
and
after
having
battered
it
for
several
days
,
he
entered
the
base
Town
,
but
was
twice
beaten
out
by
the
English
with
great
slaughter
,
but
the
Garrison
being
but
few
,
at
last
they
were
forced
to
surrender
,
having
long
in
vain
expected
Succours
from
England
;
for
at
that
time
,
notwithstanding
News
was
brought
to
the
Queen
,
what
danger
Calais
was
in
,
and
great
preparations
made
;
yet
the
Sea
was
so
tempestuous
,
that
no
Ship
durst
venture
over
,
which
some
attributed
to
the
just
Judgment
of
God
for
the
Breach
of
League
on
the
part
of
the
Queen
in
assisting
King
Philip
her
Husband
.
Upon
notice
that
this
Important
Place
was
lost
,
which
had
been
kept
by
the
English
two
hundred
and
eleven
years
;
the
Queen
was
greatly
troubled
,
insomuch
that
all
that
could
be
done
was
not
of
force
to
divert
her
from
it
;
and
when
her
Ladies
heard
her
fetch
deep
sighs
they
supposed
the
Kings
absence
,
and
his
slighting
her
,
might
occasion
it
;
but
,
she
told
them
,
That
that
indeed
was
one
Cause
,
but
●●re
was
a
greater
still
,
for
when
she
was
dead
,
if
they
effected
her
Body
,
they
might
find
Calais
written
upon
〈◊〉
Heart
;
and
in
a
short
time
after
,
she
falling
into
〈◊〉
burning
Feavour
,
dyed
on
the
seventeenth
day
of
November
1558.
being
the
Sixth
year
of
her
Reign
,
●nd
Fortieth
of
her
Age
,
and
was
Interred
at
West-●●nster
,
and
was
the
forty
second
sole
Monarch
of
England
.
The
Life
and
Glorious
Reign
of
Queen
ELIZABETH
.
THe
Lady
Elizabeth
afterwards
Queen
of
England
,
France
,
and
Ireland
,
was
Daughter
to
Henry
the
Eighth
,
by
his
second
Wife
,
the
Lady
Ann
Bullen
,
Daughter
to
the
Lord
Rochford
,
and
was
born
the
Seventh
of
September
,
Anno
Christi
●533
.
and
at
her
Baptism
had
for
her
God-Father
Archbishop
Cranmer
,
and
for
her
God-Mother
the
Dutchess
of
Norfolk
,
and
the
Marchioness
of
Dorset
,
being
from
her
Childhood
brought
up
in
the
true
Religion
,
her
Mother
being
a
Lutheran
,
which
●aused
the
Popish
Bishops
to
undermine
her
Inno●ence
,
and
by
suborning
false
Accusers
bereive
her
●f
her
Life
.
The
Lady
Elizabeth
had
for
her
Tutor
Mr.
As●●han
,
a
pious
and
learned
man
,
who
Instructed
her
●oth
in
divine
and
humane
Learning
;
so
that
she
was
perfect
in
most
of
the
Europian
Languages
a●
fourteen
years
of
Age.
After
the
Death
of
King
Henry
her
Father
,
she
lived
in
great
repute
under
the
Reign
of
her
Brother
,
who
intirely
loved
her
for
her
Piety
,
and
was
wont
to
call
her
his
virtuous
Sister
;
but
he
likewise
dying
,
and
Queen
Mary
coming
to
the
Crown
,
the
Poplings
fearing
that
if
she
succeeded
,
their
Babe●
would
again
be
tumbled
down
,
and
therefore
sought
many
ways
to
find
occasion
against
her
to
take
her
Life
,
but
could
not
find
any
pretence
till
Wyat's
Rebellion
,
the
which
(
Gardiner
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
and
her
Mortal
Enemy
,
perswaded
her
Sister
Queen
Mary
)
was
done
in
favour
of
her
and
the
Lord
Courtney
,
who
was
to
marry
her
as
soon
as
the
Queen
was
Deposed
;
whereupon
two
Lords
of
the
Council
were
sent
with
two
hundred
Horse
to
fetch
her
from
her
Mannor
of
Ashbrig
in
bed
very
sick
and
weak
,
but
that
prevailed
not
with
them
to
commiserate
her
condition
,
for
they
told
her
she
must
go
with
them
to
London
,
their
commission
being
to
bring
her
,
in
what
condition
soever
she
was
,
to
which
she
answered
,
Truly
there
was
no
Creature
more
willing
to
wait
upon
her
Majesty
than
she
was
,
but
that
her
sickness
was
such
as
they
themselves
might
testifie
that
she
was
not
in
a
condition
to
do
it
;
but
this
availed
not
,
for
they
immediately
sending
for
two
Physicians
,
demanded
of
them
whether
she
might
be
removed
without
danger
of
Life
,
to
which
they
answered
,
that
in
their
opinions
she
might
;
whereupon
the
next
Morning
they
put
her
into
the
Queens
Horse
litter
,
brought
for
that
purpose
,
and
so
with
a
strong
Guard
conducted
her
to
White
Hall
,
where
when
she
was
come
,
Orders
were
given
to
shut
her
up
close
Prisoner
;
and
after
a
fortnights
continuance
in
that
state
,
Gardiner
,
and
several
other
Privy
Councillors
,
came
to
Examine
her
,
especially
Charging
her
with
the
Contrivance
of
Wyat's
Rebellion
,
telling
her
(
notwithstanding
her
many
Protestations
of
Innocency
)
that
it
was
the
Queens
Pleasure
she
should
go
to
the
Tower
,
to
which
she
Answered
,
that
She
trusted
the
Queen
would
be
more
Gracious
to
her
,
and
thereupon
intreated
them
to
be
a
Means
to
her
Majesty
for
her
;
but
they
told
her
that
the
Queen
had
fully
Resolved
that
she
must
be
carried
thither
,
whereupon
all
her
Servants
were
Removed
,
a
Guard
of
Northern
Souldiers
set
to
watch
in
the
Garden
,
and
several
of
the
Queens
Women
to
Attend
her
,
with
a
strict
Charge
that
none
should
have
Access
to
her
Presence
,
unless
such
as
brought
her
Necessaries
.
When
four
Days
after
,
two
Lords
of
the
Privy
Council
came
to
her
,
and
told
her
that
the
Barge
was
ready
,
and
the
Tide
served
,
therefore
she
must
instantly
go
to
the
Tower
;
whereupon
she
Intreated
them
that
she
might
stay
till
the
next
Tide
,
but
one
of
the
Lords
roughly
Answered
,
that
Time
and
Tide
stayed
for
none
,
and
therefore
she
must
instantly
go
:
Then
she
Requested
that
she
might
Write
to
the
Queen
,
but
one
of
them
told
her
,
he
durst
not
permit
it
,
but
the
other
,
being
the
Earl
of
Sussex
kneeling
down
said
,
She
should
Write
,
and
that
as
he
was
a
true
Man
,
he
would
both
deliver
her
Letter
,
and
bring
her
an
Answer
.
The
next
Tide
falling
out
at
Midnight
,
they
durst
not
carry
her
,
for
fear
she
should
be
Rescued
,
and
therefore
staying
till
Daylight
,
the
waterfall
was
so
low
at
shooting
the
Bridge
,
that
the
Head
of
the
Barge
struck
against
the
Ground
;
but
God
preserved
her
,
to
make
her
an
Instrument
of
his
Glory
.
When
she
came
to
Land
,
she
refused
to
Land
at
Traitor's
Bridge
,
but
one
of
the
Lords
said
she
should
do
it
,
and
thereupon
was
forced
to
Land
,
altho
the
Tide
was
fallen
so
low
,
that
she
was
forced
to
waid
to
the
Stairs
,
by
reason
the
Barge
could
not
be
haled
close
;
when
being
on
the
Shoar
,
She
said
,
Here
lands
as
true
a
Subject
,
being
a
Prisoner
,
as
ever
landed
at
these
Stairs
,
before
thee
O
God
I
speak
it
,
having
no
Friends
but
thee
alone
.
When
she
came
into
the
Tower
she
sate
down
upon
a
Stone
,
to
rest
her
;
whereupon
the
Lieutenant
said
,
Madam
,
You
sit
Vnwholesom
,
't
is
better
for
you
to
come
out
of
the
Rain
,
to
which
she
replyed
,
I
had
better
sit
here
,
than
in
a
worse
Place
,
for
God
knoweth
whither
you
will
bring
me
;
at
the
hearing
of
which
,
her
Gentleman-Usher
Wept
,
for
which
she
reproved
him
,
saying
,
What
mean
you
to
use
me
thus
,
I
took
you
for
my
Comfort
,
not
thus
to
dismay
me
,
seeing
I
know
my
Truth
to
be
such
,
that
none
shall
have
Cause
to
weep
for
me
:
And
so
going
into
a
Chamber
appointed
for
her
,
she
was
locked
in
,
and
none
permitted
to
be
with
her
,
which
greatly
grieved
her
.
Two
Days
after
her
Committment
to
the
Tower
,
it
was
Commanded
that
she
should
have
Mass
said
in
her
Chamber
;
and
in
the
mean
time
several
Persons
were
Racked
,
and
straitly
Sifted
,
to
see
if
peradventure
they
could
find
any
thing
against
her
by
their
Confessions
,
whereby
to
take
away
her
Life
;
and
within
a
while
after
,
Gardiner
and
others
came
to
Examine
her
,
to
whom
she
replyed
,
My
Lords
,
you
Sift
me
very
narrowly
,
but
well
I
am
Assured
,
you
shall
not
do
more
to
me
than
God
has
Determined
,
and
so
God
Forgive
you
all
.
Her
Servants
having
provided
her
Diet
,
the
Souldiers
took
it
from
them
at
the
Gate
,
and
delivered
it
,
which
greatly
displeased
them
,
as
fearing
such
dangerous
Ruffians
,
by
such
means
,
might
be
tempted
to
Poison
her
,
whereupon
they
Complained
to
the
Lieutenant
,
but
all
the
Answer
they
could
get
,
was
,
That
she
was
a
Prisoner
,
and
should
be
served
like
other
Prisoners
;
and
said
with
an
Oath
,
if
any
of
them
Shrug'd
or
Frown'd
,
he
would
put
them
where
they
should
see
neither
Sun
nor
Moon
.
She
being
Indisposed
by
reason
of
her
close
Restraint
.
desired
to
walk
into
the
Queens
Lodgings
,
but
could
not
be
permitted
;
whereupon
she
said
,
Well
if
they
be
so
Strict
,
the
Lord
Comfort
me
.
But
the
next
Day
,
the
Lord
Shandois
came
to
her
,
and
told
her
,
he
had
obtained
her
that
Liberty
,
and
within
a
while
after
she
had
Leave
to
walk
into
a
little
Garden
,
all
the
Dores
being
shut
,
and
the
Prisoners
on
that
Side
commanded
not
to
look
out
,
during
her
being
there
.
Within
a
while
after
,
Sr.
Henry
Benefield
,
with
a
Guard
of
Northern
Souldiers
,
took
her
into
his
Charge
,
the
Constable
of
the
Tower
being
discharged
of
his
Office
;
and
altho
the
former
was
bad
,
this
proved
worse
,
insomuch
that
she
one
Day
demanded
,
whether
the
Lady
Janes
Scaffold
was
taken
away
,
and
farther
,
that
if
her
private
Murther
was
Committed
to
Benefield
;
He
was
a
Man
of
that
Conscience
to
see
it
done
:
To
which
her
Servants
Answered
,
they
knew
not
what
he
was
,
but
were
fully
perswaded
God
would
not
suffer
so
great
a
Wickedness
.
Well
said
she
,
God
grant
it
,
for
thou
O
God
can'st
mollify
such
Tyrannous
Hearts
,
and
disappoint
all
such
cruel
Purposes
;
and
I
beseech
thee
to
hear
me
,
thy
Creature
,
which
am
thy
Servant
,
and
at
thy
Command
,
trusting
by
God's
Grace
ever
so
to
remain
.
Within
a
while
after
,
the
Lord
Shandois
told
her
Grace
,
that
she
must
be
removed
under
the
Conduct
of
Benefield
and
his
Men
,
but
whether
he
knew
not
,
unless
to
Woodstock
;
and
on
the
Sunday
following
she
was
removed
accordingly
,
the
Lord
Tame
being
joyned
in
Commission
with
the
former
,
who
Conducted
her
to
Richmond
,
removed
all
her
Servants
,
and
placed
Souldiers
at
her
Chamber
Dore
,
which
made
her
suspect
they
had
a
Design
to
make
her
away
;
and
thereupon
she
calling
her
Gentleman-Usher
,
bid
him
with
the
rest
of
her
Servants
,
Pray
for
her
;
for
said
she
,
this
Night
I
think
to
die
;
Whereupon
in
great
Heaviness
he
went
to
the
Lord
Tame
,
who
was
walking
in
the
Court
with
Benefield
,
and
taking
him
aside
,
desired
him
for
God's
Sake
to
deal
Faithfully
with
him
,
and
tell
him
whether
any
Mischief
was
designed
to
his
Lady
that
Night
,
That
if
so
,
he
and
his
Fellows
might
take
such
Part
as
it
should
please
God
to
appoint
them
,
for
(
said
he
)
we
will
rather
dye
,
than
she
being
Innocent
,
should
secretly
Miscarry
.
Marry
God
forbid
,
said
the
Lord
Tame
,
rather
than
such
a
Wickedness
should
be
done
,
I
and
my
Men
are
ready
to
dy
at
her
Feet
.
From
Richmond
she
was
removed
to
Windsor
,
from
thence
to
the
Lord
Tame's
House
,
where
she
was
Royally
Entertained
,
tho
contrary
to
the
Will
of
Benefield
,
and
from
thence
,
the
next
Day
,
to
Woodstock
,
where
she
was
kept
close
Prisoner
,
and
guarded
by
Souldiers
,
so
that
one
Day
hearing
a
Milkmaid
Singing
in
the
Park
,
she
wished
herself
in
her
Condition
.
A
long
while
it
was
ere
Benefield
(
whom
she
called
her
Jaylor
)
would
suffer
her
to
Write
to
the
Queen
,
altho
the
Council
had
allowed
her
so
to
do
;
and
would
not
suffer
her
Letters
to
be
sent
,
when
writ
,
till
he
had
Perused
them
:
And
now
she
being
Sick
,
by
reason
of
her
close
Confinement
,
the
Queen
sent
two
of
her
Physitians
to
Visit
her
,
who
after
they
had
used
such
Means
as
were
convenient
for
the
Recovery
of
her
Health
,
they
returned
,
reporting
her
Humbleness
,
and
Respect
towards
the
Queen
;
yet
was
it
Debated
in
Council
how
she
should
be
Disposed
of
,
and
an
English
Lord
said
,
It
would
never
be
well
for
England
,
till
〈◊〉
Head
was
stricken
off
:
For
which
,
some
of
the
Spanish
Nobility
sharply
Reproved
him
,
saying
,
God
forbid
,
that
the
King
their
Master
should
Consent
〈◊〉
such
a
Wickedness
,
and
from
that
time
forward
,
laboured
with
King
Philip
for
her
Delivery
,
so
that
after
many
Tryals
made
to
procure
her
to
Confess
herself
Guilty
,
she
was
sent
for
up
to
London
,
and
admitted
into
the
Queen's
Presence
,
whom
in
two
Years
before
she
had
not
seen
;
where
she
kneeling
●own
,
Prayed
to
God
to
Bless
her
Majesty
,
Desiring
her
,
To
Esteem
of
her
,
as
of
her
true
Subject
,
which
she
should
ever
find
her
to
be
.
Then
said
the
Queen
,
You
will
not
Confess
your
Offence
,
but
stand
●outly
to
your
Truth
,
I
pray
God
it
may
so
fall
out
:
●f
it
does
not
,
said
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
I
desire
neither
●avour
nor
Pardon
.
After
these
,
and
some
other
●peeches
had
passed
between
them
,
she
was
Re●anded
to
the
Custody
of
Benefield
:
But
King
Philip
,
as
't
is
supposed
,
standing
behind
the
Cur●ain
,
and
hearing
what
passed
,
so
ordered
the
Mat●er
,
that
within
a
Week
she
was
released
from
her
●oaler
,
as
she
called
him
,
and
obtained
Leave
to
Refresh
herself
in
the
Country
;
yet
had
to
Attend
〈◊〉
Sr.
Thomas
Pope
,
one
of
the
Council
,
who
kept
〈◊〉
Eye
upon
her
all
Qeen
Mary's
Days
.
During
her
being
in
Woodstock
Castle
,
her
Life
was
often
in
Danger
.
First
,
By
a
Fire
kindled
under
the
Boards
.
Secondly
,
By
a
Ruffainely
Souldier
,
who
was
hired
to
kill
her
.
Thirdly
,
By
a
Villain
sent
by
Gardiner
to
dispatch
her
,
who
past
Doubt
had
done
it
,
had
not
Benefield
been
then
at
London
,
and
left
strict
Order
with
his
Brother
,
that
none
should
see
her
till
his
Return
,
altho
they
came
from
the
Council
.
Whil'st
she
was
in
the
Tower
,
Gardiner
Signed
a
Warrant
in
the
Queen's
Name
for
her
Execution
;
but
the
Lieutenant
doubting
the
Truth
of
it
,
went
to
the
Court
for
farther
Instructions
,
and
so
the
Malice
of
that
bloody
Villain
was
by
God's
Mercy
Prevented
.
Whil'st
she
was
in
the
Castle
at
Woodstock
,
she
wrote
with
a
Diamond
in
the
Window
,
Much
Suspected
of
me
.
Nothing
Proved
can
be
,
Quoth
Elizabeth
,
Prisoner
.
And
under
such
Perplexities
continued
this
good
Princess
,
till
the
Death
of
Queen
Mary
,
at
what
time
she
was
by
the
free
Consent
of
the
Lords
and
Commons
then
Assembled
in
Parliament
,
Proclaimed
Queen
of
England
,
France
,
and
Ireland
,
and
within
a
while
after
Crowned
at
Westminster
,
by
one
Oglethorp
Bishop
of
Carlile
;
Pool
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
dying
the
same
Day
as
Queen
Mary
.
And
now
King
Philip
being
in
Flanders
,
and
hearing
of
the
Death
of
his
Wife
,
sent
his
Ambassadors
to
Treat
a
Marriage
with
Queen
Elizabeth
,
promising
to
get
a
Dispensation
of
the
Pope
;
which
hastened
her
the
sooner
to
declare
for
the
Protestant
Religion
,
thereby
to
break
off
his
Suit
.
So
that
the
former
Parliament
being
Dissolved
,
and
an
other
Called
,
many
of
the
late
Queens
Acts
were
Repealed
,
Popery
Abolished
,
and
the
Supremacy
restored
to
the
Queen
,
good
Men
Incouraged
,
and
the
Gospel
freely
Preached
.
Religion
beginning
now
to
to
flourish
,
the
Parliament
to
Requite
this
good
Queen
,
and
for
the
better
Settlement
of
Affairs
,
desired
her
to
Marry
,
but
she
absolutely
refused
it
,
saying
,
That
she
by
〈◊〉
Ring
she
received
upon
her
Coronation
Day
,
was
●olemnly
Married
to
the
Nation
,
and
that
all
true
English
Men
and
Women
were
her
Children
;
and
that
it
should
be
her
greatest
Glory
,
to
have
this
Motto
fixed
●●on
her
Tomb
:
Here
lyeth
Elizabeth
,
who
lived
,
and
●●●yed
a
Virgin
.
And
altho
she
was
afterwards
Courted
by
Maximilian
the
Emperor
,
Ericus
Son
to
the
King
of
Sweden
,
the
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
,
and
the
Duke
of
Anjou
,
Brother
to
the
French
King
;
yet
such
was
the
Chastity
of
that
Unparellelled
Queen
,
that
she
would
not
Consent
to
any
of
them
.
By
the
Example
of
the
English
,
the
Scots
began
●o
seek
after
Reformation
,
whereupon
the
Popish
●●rty
being
Assisted
by
the
French
King
,
the
Protestants
were
greatly
Oppressed
;
which
made
them
●e
to
our
Queen
for
Aid
,
who
sent
an
Army
un●er
the
Lord
Gray
,
which
so
amazed
the
French
,
●hat
upon
the
Death
of
the
Queen
Mother
they
●eft
that
Kingdom
,
having
first
made
Peace
for
two
Years
.
About
this
time
Francis
King
of
France
dying
,
●●d
Charles
the
Ninth
Succeeding
,
he
greatly
Op●ressed
the
Protestants
,
who
in
great
Numbers
●●habited
his
Kingdom
;
whose
Peace
,
when
the
Queen
could
not
procure
by
Intreaties
,
she
sent
over
an
Army
under
the
Leading
of
the
Lord
Ambrose
Dudly
Earl
of
Warwick
,
which
landed
at
New-Haven
in
Normandy
,
and
took
it
,
but
were
forced
to
quit
it
ere
long
,
by
reason
of
a
grievous
Pestilence
that
raged
in
those
Parts
;
which
Infection
they
bringing
with
them
into
England
,
Infected
many
parts
of
the
Nation
,
insomuch
that
in
eight
Months
Space
23660
Persons
dyed
.
In
the
Year
1563
,
Shan-O-Neale
raised
a
Rebellion
in
Ireland
,
doing
great
Mischief
;
but
the
Queen
sending
over
an
Army
,
he
Submitted
,
but
continued
not
long
quiet
,
for
again
he
Rebelled
,
and
Raised
greater
Forces
than
before
;
but
Heaven
justly
Punished
his
Perjury
and
Disobedience
,
for
in
the
midst
of
his
Army
he
was
killed
by
his
Brother
.
Anno
1566
,
the
Royal
Exchange
was
Built
by
Sr.
John
Gresham
,
a
worthy
Citizen
,
the
Merchants
before
meeting
in
Lumbard
Street
;
and
within
two
Years
after
the
perfidious
Scots
Murthered
their
King
,
and
Mary
Queen
of
Scots
fled
into
England
,
and
was
most
Honourably
Entertained
by
Queen
Elizabeth
;
but
the
Papists
afterwards
Attempting
the
Murther
of
our
Queen
,
to
Advance
her
to
the
Throne
,
she
was
Beheaded
,
altho
,
as
many
Imagine
,
she
knew
not
of
the
Jesuits
wicked
Design
.
In
the
Year
1569
,
The
Earls
Westmerland
,
Cumberland
,
Lords
Dacres
and
Nevils
,
with
many
others
,
Rebelled
in
the
North
,
but
the
Earl
of
Sussex
being
sent
against
them
,
they
fled
;
when
as
an
Alderman
of
Durham
,
a
Popish
Priest
,
and
sixty
six
Constables
,
were
Executed
in
most
Towns
between
New-Castle
and
Weatherly
,
but
the
two
Earls
escaped
,
the
former
into
Flanders
,
and
the
latter
into
Scotland
,
from
whence
he
was
sent
prisoner
to
London
,
and
being
Attainted
of
High
Treason
lost
his
Head
.
And
now
Peace
being
concluded
with
France
,
and
the
Queen
of
Navar
a
Protestant
coming
to
Paris
to
solemnize
her
Sons
Marriage
with
the
French
King's
Sister
;
she
was
supposed
to
be
poysoned
with
a
pair
of
perfumed
Gloves
that
were
sent
her
,
and
after
her
the
Admiral
of
France
was
cruelly
murthered
,
and
by
the
Command
of
Charles
the
Ninth
,
thirty
thousand
Protestants
Massacred
in
the
several
Cities
of
that
Kingdom
.
This
Cruelty
much
grieved
our
good
Queen
;
whereupon
according
to
the
Articles
of
Peace
agreed
on
,
she
sent
to
demand
the
Delivery
of
Calais
,
which
after
many
delays
was
flatly
denyed
,
and
at
the
same
time
the
Pope
sent
his
Bull
into
England
,
whereby
he
pretended
to
deprive
the
Queen
of
all
her
Princely
Dignity
,
which
the
Bull-bearer
fixed
upon
the
Bishop
of
London's
Pallace
Gate
,
but
being
taken
was
fairly
hanged
for
his
pains
.
The
Scots
breaking
out
again
into
a
tumultuous
Rebellion
,
murthered
their
Regent
,
and
after
him
the
Earl
of
Lenox
,
who
was
appointed
to
succeed
him
,
all
which
mischief
was
effected
by
dispersing
the
Pope's
Bulls
in
that
Kingdom
,
and
about
the
same
time
the
Duke
of
Norfolk
lost
his
Head
for
favouring
the
Scots
,
and
some
other
Capital
Crimes
alledged
against
him
.
And
now
a
new
Regent
being
chosen
,
he
sent
his
Deputies
to
Queen
Elizabeth
,
desiring
her
to
assist
him
in
suppressing
the
Rebellions
on
foot
;
whereupon
she
sent
fifteen
hundred
Horse
and
Foot
under
●he
Command
of
Sir
William
Drury
,
upon
whose
Approach
Edenburg
was
surrendred
.
Anno
1580.
The
renowned
English
Navigator
,
Sir
Francis
Drake
,
returned
from
Incompassing
the
Earth
:
So
that
having
made
many
famous
Discoveries
,
our
Merchants
began
to
trade
in
strange
Countries
,
before
not
known
,
and
the
Trade
with
the
Muscovit
and
Turk
was
greatly
encreased
;
this
year
appeared
a
terrible
Comet
,
and
an
Earthquake
happ'ned
,
being
attended
with
such
a
terrible
Tempest
that
it
overthrew
many
Churches
,
and
killed
a
great
number
of
People
.
Anno
1583.
Tobacco
was
first
brought
into
England
.
And
now
the
Irish
being
stirred
up
by
the
Pope's
Agents
,
broke
out
into
another
Rebellion
,
and
procured
Forces
from
Spain
to
assist
them
;
but
the
Lord
Gray
being
sent
over
by
the
Queen
with
an
Army
,
he
soon
made
them
repent
their
coming
,
killing
many
of
them
and
taking
others
Prisoners
,
so
that
the
remainder
capitulated
,
and
had
leave
to
depart
upon
paying
a
considerable
sum
of
money
for
their
ransom
.
Anno
1585.
Virginia
was
made
an
English
Colony
.
The
same
year
the
Assizes
being
holden
at
Exceter
in
the
County
of
Devon
,
such
a
Contagion
suddainly
happ'ned
,
that
about
fifty
eight
Persons
dyed
,
who
came
thither
about
their
occasions
,
and
out
of
one
Jury
eleven
deceased
;
the
like
happ'ned
at
an
Assizes
holden
at
Oxford
about
ten
years
before
.
The
Pope
being
yet
restless
,
as
envying
the
progress
of
the
Gospel
,
he
stirred
up
the
King
of
Spain
to
persecute
the
Protestants
in
the
Netherlands
,
whither
he
sent
the
Duke
of
Alva
,
who
by
several
cruelties
put
eighteen
thousand
to
death
;
whereupon
many
of
them
making
their
escape
fled
into
England
,
and
were
kindly
entertained
,
and
the
Flemings
Petitioned
the
Queen
to
be
their
Protector
,
which
for
the
Cause
of
Religion
she
at
last
undertook
,
and
sent
over
the
Renowned
Sir
John
Norrice
with
a
thousand
Horse
,
and
five
thousand
Foot
,
and
shortly
after
the
great
Earl
of
Leicester
went
over
as
the
Queens
Deputy
,
but
no
considerable
Matters
happ'ning
,
and
a
difference
arising
between
his
Soldiers
,
and
the
Netherlanders
,
he
was
recalled
,
and
ordered
to
resign
up
his
Government
.
And
now
the
King
of
Spain
concluding
a
Truce
with
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
whilst
his
Ambassadors
were
in
the
Queens
Court
treating
a
Peace
,
the
Great
Armado
which
the
Spaniards
named
Invincible
,
was
fitted
out
;
upon
notice
of
which
the
Queen
Assembled
her
Councillors
and
Chief
Nobility
to
consult
what
was
best
to
be
done
,
where
it
was
agreed
that
all
Imaginable
Preparations
should
be
made
,
and
thereupon
a
general
Muster
was
taken
of
all
the
Land
Forces
,
and
one
thousand
five
hundred
Horse
,
and
twenty
two
thousand
Foot
were
ordered
to
repair
to
Tilbury
in
Essex
,
whither
also
the
the
Queen
went
attended
with
her
Guard
,
consisting
of
two
thousand
three
hundred
fifty
two
Horse
,
and
thirty
thousand
fifty
Foot
,
and
immediately
the
Ships
of
War
were
fitted
out
,
several
being
victualled
and
manned
at
the
charge
of
private
Persons
;
the
Lord
Howard
being
appointed
Admiral
,
and
Sir
Francis
Drake
.
Vice
Admiral
,
who
after
some
time
met
,
and
fought
with
the
dreadful
Navy
,
which
besides
the
Pope's
Blessing
,
came
armed
with
all
manner
of
Weapons
fit
for
destruction
,
it
consisting
of
seventy
two
Galliassers
and
Gallions
,
forty
seven
great
Ships
and
Hulks
,
eleven
Pinaces
and
Carvals
,
and
was
furnished
with
two
thousand
eight
hundred
forty
three
great
Ordnance
,
eight
thousand
ninety
four
Saylors
,
eighteen
thousand
six
hundred
thirty
eight
Souldiers
,
twenty
one
thousand
eighty
eight
Gally-Slaves
,
two
hundred
twenty
two
thousand
Great
Shot
,
four
hundred
seventy
thousand
four
hundred
pounds
of
Powder
;
for
Bullets
one
hundred
twelve
thousand
pounds
of
Lead
,
one
hundred
thirty
four
thousand
four
hundred
pounds
of
Match
,
seven
thousand
Musquets
and
Calivers
,
ten
thousand
Partizans
and
Halberts
;
with
Biskets
,
Flesh
,
Cheese
,
and
other
Provisions
sutable
for
six
Months
;
but
in
the
first
Encounter
this
terrour
of
the
World
was
infinitely
worsted
,
and
at
last
broke
and
scattered
over
all
the
Ocean
,
for
so
God
ordered
it
by
his
special
Providence
,
that
both
the
Wind
and
Seas
fought
for
his
Anointed
.
The
Spaniards
having
lost
eighty
one
of
their
Vessels
,
and
near
seventeen
thousand
men
,
with
the
residue
returned
home
;
and
such
was
the
destruction
,
that
there
was
not
a
Noble
Family
in
Spain
,
but
lost
either
a
Son
,
a
Brother
,
Nephew
or
Kinsman
,
who
had
been
drawn
to
Imbarque
in
hopes
of
getting
Possessions
in
England
,
for
the
Pope
had
before
hand
told
them
they
should
be
certainly
victorious
,
but
the
Event
proved
him
a
lying
Prophet
.
Anno
1588.
The
Enemies
being
disperst
,
the
Queen
proclaimed
a
Publick
Thanksgiving
,
and
came
her self
to
Saint
Paul's
Church
,
where
she
no
sooner
entred
,
but
kneeling
down
,
she
returned
Thanks
to
the
Almighty
for
so
great
a
Deliverance
,
and
caused
the
Banners
and
Streamers
taken
,
together
with
the
King
of
Spain's
Standard
to
be
hung
upon
the
Roof
of
the
said
Church
.
And
now
the
Queen
intending
to
requite
this
Treachery
of
the
Spaniards
,
sent
eleven
thousand
Souldiers
,
and
two
thousand
five
hundred
Marriners
under
the
Command
of
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
Sir
John
Noris
and
others
to
assist
Don
Antonio
King
of
Portugal
,
who
had
been
expulsed
by
Philip
;
the
Army
consisting
of
eleven
thousand
Souldiers
,
and
two
thousand
five
hundred
Marriners
commanded
by
Sir
John
Noris
,
Sir
Francis
Drake
,
and
others
,
who
won
the
Groine
,
although
at
that
time
an
Army
of
Spaniards
came
to
rescue
it
;
but
they
being
fought
with
by
the
English
,
were
infinitely
worsted
;
the
Spanish
King's
Standard
being
taken
,
and
about
three
thousand
slain
,
when
having
set
fire
to
the
Town
and
burnt
the
Villages
for
three
miles
round
,
they
Imbarqued
again
,
having
got
great
booty
and
sailing
towards
Lisbon
,
the
Chief
City
of
Portugal
,
the
Earl
of
Essex
with
several
Ships
of
War
joyned
them
;
so
that
landing
they
assailed
that
great
City
,
but
without
success
;
yet
they
took
the
Castle
of
Cassais
and
Penith
,
together
with
sixty
Spanish
Ships
richly
laden
;
and
by
reason
many
Souldiers
died
by
drinking
of
Impoysoned
Wells
,
and
that
the
Plague
raged
in
many
Parts
of
that
Country
,
they
returned
without
attempting
any
thing
farther
,
and
many
of
the
Soldiers
were
sent
to
assist
Henry
of
Navar
to
maintain
War
against
the
Leaguers
;
but
he
finding
it
very
difficult
to
attain
the
Crown
without
altering
his
Religion
,
turned
Papist
,
to
the
great
grief
of
our
Queen
.
Anno
1591.
Several
Persons
were
imployed
by
the
Pope
and
his
Agents
to
poyson
the
Queen
,
who
being
miraculously
discovered
,
were
most
of
them
Executed
,
and
amongst
the
rest
Doctor
Lopez
.
In
the
year
1596.
Likewise
another
Fleet
was
set
out
to
indamage
the
Spaniard
,
who
won
Cadiz
,
and
obliged
the
Citizens
to
pay
twenty
thousand
Ducates
for
their
ransoms
,
they
likewise
forced
the
Spanish
Fleet
on
ground
.
Twenty
five
Million
Ducates
was
offer'd
for
their
ransom
,
but
that
not
being
presently
accepted
,
the
Duke
D'
Medina
Sidonia
caused
them
to
be
burnt
as
they
lay
,
to
prevent
their
falling
into
the
hands
of
the
English
,
they
being
esteemed
worth
twelve
Millions
of
Ducates
;
yet
the
English
in
their
return
home
took
three
Vessels
of
the
Spaniards
worth
four
hundred
thousand
Ducates
;
whereupon
finding
themselves
infinitely
worsted
every
where
,
and
that
many
of
their
Merchants
were
undone
by
reason
of
the
great
Losses
they
had
sustained
,
they
procured
the
Kings
of
Poland
and
Denmark
to
mediate
a
Peace
with
the
Queen
in
their
behalf
,
as
likewise
with
the
Crown
of
France
,
but
they
prevailed
not
.
And
now
Tirrowen
the
Arch
Rebel
having
gathered
Forces
in
Ireland
,
broke
out
into
open
Rebellion
;
whereupon
the
Earl
of
Essex
was
sent
thither
with
an
Army
,
having
the
Title
of
Deputy
Governour
conferred
upon
him
,
and
after
many
Skirmishes
,
the
Rebels
keeping
themselves
within
the
Bogs
and
Woods
,
he
was
obliged
to
make
a
Truce
with
Tirrowen
,
from
six
Months
to
six
Months
;
whereupon
some
of
the
Nobility
that
envied
his
Greatness
,
accused
him
of
neglect
,
and
at
last
proceed
to
Article
against
him
in
Parliament
,
to
which
the
Queen
would
not
pass
,
but
recalled
the
Earl
;
yet
such
was
the
Implacable
Malice
of
his
Adversaries
,
that
they
brought
him
into
some
disgrace
with
the
Queen
,
which
prompted
him
to
attempt
the
seizing
of
the
City
of
London
,
for
which
,
and
some
other
Misdemeanours
,
he
together
with
the
Earl
of
Southampton
was
Attainted
,
and
without
the
Knowledge
of
the
Queen
,
as
most
believed
,
Executed
,
the
which
she
no
sooner
understood
,
but
she
wept
bitterly
,
and
in
her
rage
bid
the
Plague
of
God
take
all
those
that
were
instrumental
in
his
Death
,
and
in
a
short
time
after
a
Plague
happ'ned
,
which
in
the
City
and
Suburbs
consumed
thirty
thousand
five
hundred
seventy
eight
.
And
now
this
Bright
Star
being
set
,
the
Queen
continued
Melancholy
,
and
by
degrees
pined
into
sickness
upon
the
Grief
she
conceived
at
the
untimely
Death
of
so
brave
a
Soldier
;
so
that
perceiving
the
time
of
her
Dissolution
at
hand
,
she
was
careful
of
nothing
more
than
to
settle
Religion
,
and
therefore
appointed
James
King
of
Scots
,
great
Grandchild
to
the
Lady
Margret
Eldest
Daughter
to
Henry
the
Seventh
,
to
succeed
her
,
and
after
having
commended
her
Spirit
into
the
hands
of
her
Redeemer
,
she
gave
up
the
Ghost
,
dying
the
twelfth
of
March
,
Anno
Christi
1602.
being
the
sixty
ninth
year
of
her
Age
,
and
of
her
Reign
forty
fifth
,
and
was
Buried
at
Westminster
,
and
in
her
Praise
these
Verses
were
written
by
a
worthy
Prelate
.
None
like
Elizabeth
was
found
in
Learning
so
Divine
,
She
had
the
perfect
skilful
art
of
all
the
Muses
nine
.
In
Latin
,
Greek
and
Hebrew
,
she
most
skilfully
was
known
;
To
Forraign
King's
Ambassadors
the
same
was
dayly
shown
.
The
Italian
,
French
and
Spanish
Tongue
she
well
could
speak
and
read
,
The
Turkish
and
Arabian
Speech
grew
perfect
at
her
need
.
And
thus
much
for
this
glorious
Queen
,
in
whom
ended
the
Name
of
the
Tuders
to
give
place
to
that
of
the
Stuarts
,
the
which
may
it
continue
till
Time
shall
be
no
more
.
The
Life
and
happy
Reign
of
JAMES
King
of
great
Brittain
,
France
,
and
Ireland
.
KIng
James
was
Son
to
Henry
Steward
Lord
Darly
,
who
was
Grandchild
to
Queen
Margaret
,
Eldest
Daughter
to
Henry
the
Seventh
by
her
second
Husband
,
and
his
Mother
was
Mary
Queen
of
Scots
,
great
Grand-Child
likewise
to
Queen
Margaret
,
by
her
first
Husband
James
the
fourth
King
of
Scots
.
During
the
Minority
of
this
good
King
,
his
Mother
was
forced
to
fly
her
Country
,
and
great
Troubles
Insued
,
several
Regents
,
being
Murthered
after
the
Death
of
his
Father
,
and
he
often
put
in
Danger
of
his
Life
,
but
God
still
preserved
him
to
be
a
Comfort
to
his
People
.
Upon
the
Death
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
by
the
General
Consent
of
the
Nobility
,
Gentry
and
Commonalty
,
he
was
Proclaimed
King
of
England
,
by
the
Name
of
James
the
First
.
And
on
the
5th
.
of
April
Anno
1603
,
he
began
his
Journy
out
of
Scotland
,
and
was
magnificently
Entertained
at
Hinchinbrook
near
Huntingtoun
,
whither
the
Cambridg
Doctors
repaired
to
wait
upon
his
Majesty
,
and
from
thence
Attended
by
a
great
Train
of
Nobility
,
he
came
to
London
,
and
was
Royally
Entertained
at
the
Charterhouse
,
and
on
the
25th
.
of
July
following
,
his
Majesty
,
together
with
his
Royal
Consort
Queen
Ann
,
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
by
Dr.
Whitgift
Arch
Bishop
of
Canterbury
.
Being
thus
Established
in
his
Throne
,
his
first
Care
was
to
settle
Religion
,
and
the
better
to
Effect
it
,
he
caused
the
Bible
to
be
exactly
Translated
into
English
,
out
of
the
Original
Tongue
,
which
stirred
up
the
Popelings
(
who
hoped
upon
the
Death
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
to
bring
all
things
to
their
Purpose
)
greatly
to
Malign
this
good
King
,
and
used
their
utmost
Diligence
to
Overthrow
the
Protestant
Religion
:
But
God
discovered
their
Plots
,
which
had
they
took
Effect
,
were
to
Destroy
the
King
and
Prince
Henry
,
for
which
several
of
the
chief
Contrivers
were
put
to
Death
,
and
others
Condemned
to
perpetual
Imprisonment
.
In
the
third
Year
of
his
Reign
,
that
damnable
Design
of
Blowing
up
the
Parliament
House
was
Miraculously
Discovered
,
by
the
Mistake
of
a
Letter
delivered
by
an
unknown
Hand
,
to
a
Servant
of
the
Lord
Monteagle
,
Son
to
the
Lord
Morley
,
wherein
he
was
wished
by
any
Means
,
not
to
be
present
at
the
Opening
of
the
Parliament
,
forasmuch
as
they
should
receive
a
great
Blow
,
but
not
know
who
hurt
them
.
Upon
the
Perusing
of
this
Letter
,
the
said
Lord
Communicated
it
to
others
,
and
they
to
the
King
;
who
as
it
were
,
by
Divine
Inspiration
,
said
,
That
the
mention
of
a
Blow
,
must
needs
be
Interpreted
of
some
Villain
in
a
Corner
,
designing
Mischief
by
a
Blast
of
Powder
,
and
therefore
willed
them
,
as
they
tendered
their
Safeties
,
to
Search
well
the
Sellers
and
other
Places
;
where
in
fine
,
under
a
heap
of
Faggots
,
they
found
twenty
six
Barrells
of
Gunpowder
,
with
Iron
Bars
laid
cross
them
,
and
Guy
Faux
with
a
Dark-Lanthorn
under
his
Coat
,
ready
Booted
and
Spurred
,
to
have
rid
away
as
soon
as
he
had
laid
the
Match
to
the
Train
.
Upon
this
Discovery
,
most
of
the
Conspirators
Fled
,
but
being
Pursued
,
were
either
Killed
or
Apprehended
,
Catesby
and
Peircy
,
the
chief
Instruments
of
this
Hellish
Contrivance
,
being
shot
through
as
they
were
Fighting
Back
to
Back
,
and
Sr.
Everard
Digby
,
John
,
and
Christopher
Wright
,
Sudio
Fawkes
,
Father
Garnet
,
Thomas
Winter
,
Baites
,
and
Keeys
,
were
Condemned
,
and
afterwards
as
Traytors
,
Drawn
,
Hanged
,
and
Quartered
.
For
this
signal
Deliverance
,
the
Lords
and
Commons
then
Assembled
in
Parliament
,
made
an
Act
for
Constituting
a
Day
of
publick
Thanksgiving
,
to
be
kept
Annually
for
ever
on
the
5th
.
of
November
,
which
his
Majesty
was
pleased
to
pass
with
many
Expressions
of
Joy
.
Within
a
while
after
Fines
and
Rynolds
,
Induced
the
Commons
of
Northhamptonshire
,
and
Warwickshire
to
rise
;
but
upon
the
Kings
sending
down
his
Pardon
,
they
soon
dispersed
themselves
.
About
this
time
the
Lady
Elizabeth
,
the
King's
Daughter
,
was
Married
to
Frederick
Count
Elector
Palatine
of
the
Rhine
,
whose
Nuptials
were
Solemnized
with
great
Joy
;
but
it
lasted
not
long
,
by
reason
of
the
Death
of
Prince
Henry
,
who
Dyed
Anno
1611.
whereupon
Charles
the
King's
second
Son
was
made
Prince
of
Wales
.
And
now
Sr.
Walter
Rawleigh
,
that
famous
Navigator
,
being
Released
from
his
Imprisonment
,
Imbarqued
with
several
Gentlemen
and
others
,
in
order
to
his
making
new
Discoveries
,
when
Landing
at
St.
Thomes
,
he
and
his
Company
set
it
on
Fire
,
of
which
,
Complaint
being
made
to
Gundiber
,
the
King
of
Spain's
Ambassador
,
Residing
in
the
English
Court
,
he
pressed
the
King
continually
for
Reparation
,
insomuch
,
that
when
Sr.
Walter
Rawleigh
returning
with
great
Spoil
,
Landed
at
Plimouth
,
he
was
Arrested
by
an
Order
from
the
King
,
and
brought
Prisoner
to
London
;
when
coming
to
his
Tryal
before
the
Judges
of
the
King-Bench
,
he
was
found
Guilty
,
and
the
Morning
after
his
Tryal
Beheaded
.
The
Air
being
much
Infected
about
this
time
,
the
King
and
Queen
fell
sick
,
whereof
the
good
Queen
dyed
,
to
the
great
Grief
of
the
King
,
which
had
nigh
made
him
Relaps
after
his
Recovery
:
And
now
he
began
to
take
more
than
ordinary
Care
for
the
thorough
Setlement
of
Religion
,
by
bestowing
great
Revenues
upon
Colledges
,
and
other
Seminaries
of
Learning
;
as
likewise
utterly
Abolished
all
the
Fragments
of
Popery
,
which
again
began
to
creep
into
the
Church
;
which
made
the
Papists
Contrive
many
Ways
to
Destroy
him
,
but
all
their
Plots
,
and
Hellish
Contrivances
,
through
Gods
Infinite
Mercy
were
Frustrated
,
and
came
to
nothing
.
About
this
time
the
King
made
a
Motion
of
Marriage
for
his
Son
Prince
Charles
,
with
the
Infanta
of
Spain
,
purposing
thereby
to
strengthen
his
Alliance
,
in
order
to
assist
his
Brother-in-Law
,
who
by
the
German
Princes
was
chosen
King
of
Bohemia
,
but
had
been
driven
out
of
Germany
by
the
Emperor
,
and
deprived
of
his
Principalities
,
and
at
that
time
remained
at
Amsterdam
.
To
Effect
this
Marriage
,
the
Prince
accompanied
with
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
and
several
other
Noble
Personages
,
went
to
the
Spanish
Court
,
but
finding
many
Delays
,
they
returned
much
dissatisfied
:
And
now
the
King
having
setled
the
Ecclesiastick
and
Temporal
Affairs
of
the
Kingdom
,
fell
sick
,
and
his
Sickness
still
increasing
,
he
on
the
27
Day
of
March
Anno
1625
,
dyed
,
it
being
the
23d
.
Year
of
his
Reign
,
and
of
his
Age
59
:
He
was
Buried
at
Westminster
,
being
the
44
sole
Monarch
of
England
.
The
Life
and
Reign
of
CHARLES
the
First
.
KIng
Charles
the
first
was
Born
at
Dumferling
in
Scotland
on
the
19th
.
of
November
Anno
1600
,
being
second
Son
to
King
James
,
and
his
Wife
Queen
Ann
,
Sister
to
the
King
of
Denmark
:
In
his
younger
Years
he
was
brought
up
in
all
manner
of
Learning
fit
for
so
Pious
a
Prince
,
Devoting
himself
to
Study
,
rather
then
to
delight
in
the
Gallantries
of
the
Court
,
so
that
he
for
Piety
and
Learning
was
the
Wonder
of
his
Age.
When
the
Nobility
of
Scotland
came
to
take
their
Leaves
of
King
James
,
upon
his
Departure
for
England
,
an
old
Laird
amongst
the
rest
,
after
he
had
made
his
Complements
to
the
King
,
turned
to
Duke
Charles
and
Saluted
him
,
without
any
Respect
to
Prince
Henry
,
who
was
present
;
at
which
the
King
Marvelling
,
asked
him
the
Reason
,
to
whom
the
Laird
Answered
,
That
this
was
he
that
should
Transmit
his
Name
to
Posterity
.
When
his
Brother
,
Prince
Henry
dyed
;
he
was
chief
Mourner
,
and
within
a
while
after
was
made
Prince
of
Wales
,
and
continued
to
behave
himself
Humble
and
Courteous
towards
all
sorts
and
conditions
of
Men
:
Sometime
before
the
Death
of
King
James
,
he
went
into
Spain
,
to
prosecute
a
Marriage
between
himself
and
the
Lady
Maria
,
the
Infanta
of
Spain
,
when
by
the
way
,
continuing
in
the
French
Court
,
he
there
held
some
Converse
with
the
Illustrious
Princess
Henrietta
Maria
,
Daughter
to
King
Henry
the
Fourth
,
and
Sister
to
the
then
Reigning
King
,
on
whom
he
so
far
setled
his
Affections
,
that
he
had
no
great
regard
to
the
Match
with
Spain
,
and
after
the
Death
of
his
Royal
Father
,
he
was
no
sooner
Crowned
,
but
he
sent
over
his
Ambassador
to
Treat
of
Marriage
,
which
was
agreed
accordingly
,
and
the
Princess
Landed
at
Dover
Attended
with
the
chief
Nobility
of
France
,
where
the
King
with
a
very
splendid
Train
met
her
,
and
soon
after
the
Nuptials
were
Celebrated
with
all
Joy
and
Splendor
Imaginable
.
This
good
Prince
being
thus
setled
in
his
Throne
,
began
to
call
to
mind
some
Indignities
that
had
been
offered
during
his
stay
in
the
Spanish
Court
,
whereupon
a
Fleet
was
put
to
Sea
,
which
greatly
Indamaged
the
Spaniards
,
taking
many
rich
Prizes
,
which
they
brought
into
the
several
Harbours
of
this
Kingdom
;
after
which
a
Parliament
was
called
,
and
Subsidy
demanded
,
but
it
was
denyed
,
altho
the
Treasures
were
Exhausted
,
and
the
War
undertaken
against
the
Spaniard
,
Just
and
Honourable
:
Whereupon
the
King
was
forced
to
take
other
Measures
for
procuring
Mony
to
defray
the
Expence
;
and
joyning
in
Amity
with
the
States
General
of
the
United
Provinces
,
he
again
put
a
gallant
Navy
to
Sea
,
which
indamaged
the
Spaniard
more
than
the
former
,
and
amongst
the
rest
some
French
Ships
were
taken
by
the
English
,
which
caused
an
Imbargo
to
be
laid
upon
the
Ships
and
Goods
of
several
English
Merchants
then
trading
in
that
Kingdom
,
whereupon
all
Frenchmen
were
commanded
to
leave
England
,
but
at
the
Intreaty
of
Monsieur
Basempiere
that
Decree
was
Revoaked
,
but
all
Commerce
was
strictly
forbidden
with
that
Nation
.
About
this
time
the
Rochellers
(
being
Protestants
)
were
sore
Oppressed
,
and
besought
our
King
to
take
them
into
his
Protection
,
whereupon
an
Army
was
raised
and
sent
under
the
Command
of
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
but
effected
no
great
matter
;
whereupon
some
of
the
Officers
were
Imprisoned
for
their
Neglect
and
Disobedience
.
And
now
several
Complaints
being
exhibited
upon
this
Account
by
the
Parliament
;
the
King
Dissolved
them
,
and
new
Forces
were
Raised
for
the
Relief
of
Rochel
,
but
all
was
prevented
by
the
Death
of
the
Duke
of
Buckingham
,
who
was
Traiterously
and
basely
Stabbed
by
one
John
Felton
,
who
had
Served
under
him
in
the
late
Expedition
;
for
which
he
was
deservedly
Hanged
in
Chains
near
Portsmouth
.
And
now
the
Rochellers
being
tired
with
a
tedious
Seige
,
and
a
worse
Famine
(
in
which
all
manner
of
Filth
was
eaten
,
and
accounted
dainty
Food
)
yeilded
to
their
merciless
Enemies
.
About
this
time
the
King
called
another
Parliament
,
and
desired
of
them
a
grant
of
Tunnage
,
but
they
refusing
to
comply
with
his
Demands
were
Dissolved
,
upon
which
some
Contests
arose
,
the
King
commanding
the
Merchants
to
pay
their
Customs
,
and
the
Parliament
,
when
sitting
,
to
the
contrary
,
insomuch
that
Sr.
John
Elliot
and
others
were
Imprisoned
.
On
the
29th
.
of
May
Anno
1630
,
the
Queen
was
brought
to
Bed
of
Prince
Charles
(
now
our
gracious
Soveraign
)
and
some
time
after
Ship-Mony
was
devised
by
Attorny-General
Noy
,
and
Mr.
Hambden
Imprisoned
for
refusing
to
Pay
it
,
and
Sentence
passed
against
him
by
ten
of
the
Judges
,
Judg
Hutton
,
and
Judg
Crook
only
dissenting
.
The
Book
of
Liturgy
being
sent
into
Scotland
,
with
a
Command
to
read
it
in
all
Churches
,
caused
great
Disturbances
in
Edenburg
and
other
Places
,
which
being
fomented
by
several
Factious
Spirits
,
soon
broke
out
into
a
Rebellion
,
whereupon
the
King
raised
an
Army
and
Marched
into
Scotland
,
but
the
Scots
laying
down
their
Arms
,
upon
their
Submission
were
Pardoned
,
and
a
Peace
Concluded
,
but
new
Stirs
arising
after
the
King's
Departure
,
he
made
his
second
Expedition
,
but
nothing
of
Moment
was
done
.
Within
a
while
after
,
the
Covenant
,
that
Bond
of
Iniquity
,
was
taken
by
many
thousands
of
that
Kingdom
;
so
that
the
King
being
Apprehensive
of
the
Mischief
that
was
like
to
attend
it
,
Summoned
a
third
Parliament
to
sit
at
Westminster
,
and
demanded
a
Supply
of
Mony
for
his
present
Occasions
,
but
they
denyed
to
grant
it
.
And
now
the
Irish
Rebellion
breaking
out
(
wherein
were
committed
many
horrible
Outrages
)
the
Long
Parliament
(
for
so
it
was
called
,
by
reason
they
had
prevailed
with
the
King
to
sign
a
Bill
for
their
Sitting
during
their
Pleasure
)
used
many
Endeavours
to
Suppress
the
same
;
but
whil'st
they
endeavoured
to
Suppress
remote
Troubles
,
they
Fomented
worse
nearer
Home
,
by
proposing
an
Alteration
in
the
Divine
Worship
,
under
a
Pretence
of
Reducing
Religion
to
what
it
was
in
Queen
Elizabeth's
Days
,
when
indeed
there
was
no
Derogation
from
it
in
Fundamentals
:
The
next
Design
they
undertook
to
Provoke
the
best
of
Kings
,
was
,
to
Impeach
such
Favourits
as
were
dearest
to
him
,
of
High
Treason
,
as
the
Earl
of
Strafford
,
William
Laud
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
and
Bishop
Wren
,
who
were
sent
to
the
Tower
,
as
likewise
most
of
the
Judges
that
had
Declared
for
Ship-Mony
were
Voted
Delinquents
,
Judg
Berkly
being
Arrested
by
the
Usher
of
the
black
Rod
for
High
Treason
,
as
he
was
sitting
in
the
Court
of
Kings-Bench
;
seven
Romish
Priests
were
likewise
Imprisoned
,
whose
Pardon
was
granted
by
the
Parliament
,
at
the
Request
of
the
French
Ambassador
,
and
the
King
to
comply
with
what
the
Parliament
had
done
,
Released
them
out
of
Prison
,
which
the
Parliament
,
by
reason
they
were
not
first
made
acquainted
with
it
,
took
in
such
evil
Part
,
that
they
resolved
to
Thwart
the
King
and
his
Proceedings
;
whereupon
they
changed
their
Decree
,
and
caused
two
of
the
Priests
to
be
put
to
Death
,
which
much
displeased
the
King
(
as
indeed
it
could
no
less
)
insomuch
that
he
complained
of
the
Insolencies
of
the
lower
House
,
to
the
House
of
Peers
,
and
within
a
while
after
proceeded
to
Displace
some
Officers
of
State
,
as
likewise
the
Lieutenant
of
the
Tower
,
putting
another
in
his
stead
;
which
was
no
sooner
done
,
but
the
Commons
Articled
against
the
new
Lieutenant
to
the
Peers
,
who
refused
to
meddle
therein
,
as
being
the
Kings
Prerogative
,
in
such
Cases
to
Place
and
Displace
at
his
Pleasure
.
The
Factious
being
herein
Frustrated
,
dealt
underhand
with
the
Mobile
,
and
by
dispersing
their
Agents
into
several
Cabals
and
publick
Assemblies
,
to
Breath
into
them
the
Poison
of
Rebellion
,
they
caused
the
giddy-headed
Multitude
so
far
to
forget
their
Loyalty
and
Obedience
,
that
a
confused
Rable
of
Apprentices
and
others
headed
by
Jesuits
and
Phanaticks
,
came
to
Whitehall
,
crying
,
that
they
would
have
the
new
Lieutenant
removed
,
or
else
they
would
turn
all
things
into
Confusion
;
altho
few
of
them
knew
the
Man
or
his
Principles
,
any
farther
then
they
had
taken
it
on
Trust
:
They
likewise
Demanded
,
according
to
the
Instructions
of
their
Ringleaders
,
that
the
Bishops
should
be
Excluded
the
Parliament
House
;
and
to
shew
their
foolish
Malice
,
they
entered
Westminster
Abby
and
there
fell
to
pulling
down
the
Organs
,
tearing
the
Bibles
and
Common-Prayer-Books
,
defacing
the
Monuments
of
the
Dead
and
the
like
,
and
then
retreating
;
the
second
time
Assaulted
Whitehall
,
uttering
many
oprobrious
Speeches
against
his
Majesty
.
Upon
these
Commotions
the
King
began
to
think
it
high
time
to
Fortify
himself
,
and
thereupon
ordered
a
Guard
to
watch
the
Court
,
for
the
better
Preservation
of
his
Royal
Person
.
And
now
the
Parliament
having
brought
things
to
this
Pass
,
they
resolved
to
prosecute
their
Rebellious
Purposes
,
and
thereupon
feigning
a
Fear
,
they
placed
a
Guard
,
far
exceeding
the
Kings
,
about
the
Parliament
House
,
Constituting
the
Earl
of
Essex
Captain
thereof
;
and
without
the
Kings
Knowledg
or
Consent
,
caused
an
extraordinary
Assembly
to
meet
in
the
City
of
London
,
and
the
better
to
Ingratiate
themselves
with
the
rigid
Presbiterians
,
Anabaptists
,
Independants
,
Quakers
,
and
the
like
,
they
cast
twelve
Bishops
into
Prison
,
which
did
not
a
little
trouble
the
King
.
Anno
1641
,
the
noble
Earl
of
Strafford
was
Beheaded
,
and
within
two
Years
after
,
the
truly
Pious
,
and
great
Pillar
of
the
Church
,
William
Laud
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
who
died
Sacrifices
to
popular
Fury
,
and
Martyrs
for
their
Country
and
Kingly
Government
,
to
satisfy
the
Malice
of
those
that
had
undertaken
the
Downfall
of
Monarchy
,
supposing
there
was
no
easier
way
to
atchieve
their
wicked
Purposes
,
than
to
remove
those
wise
Statesmen
and
loyal
Subjects
.
And
now
the
King
growing
Impatient
at
such
Insolencies
,
proceeded
to
Accuse
one
Member
of
the
House
of
Lords
and
five
of
the
Commons
of
high
Treason
;
but
demanding
them
to
be
delivered
up
,
they
were
denyed
,
whereupon
he
went
in
Person
with
five
hundred
Gentlemen
,
and
alone
entered
the
House
:
But
not
seeing
the
Persons
he
came
to
look
for
,
he
declared
his
good
Intentions
to
the
Parliament
,
and
so
returned
,
and
the
next
Day
went
again
,
but
they
having
Notice
,
made
their
Escapes
.
Hereupon
the
Parliament
put
the
City
in
Arms
,
and
Adjourned
their
Sitting
for
the
space
of
five
Days
,
forbidding
the
Citizens
to
Assist
the
Kings
Officers
in
finding
out
those
Members
that
were
Accused
;
which
Order
they
Obeyed
,
and
when
the
Parliament
Sate
again
,
the
armed
Rabble
brought
them
,
and
placed
them
in
the
House
in
despite
of
the
King
;
and
so
being
backed
by
the
Multitude
,
they
proceeded
daily
to
lessen
the
Royal
Authority
,
sending
Letters
into
the
adjacent
Countries
,
commanding
them
to
draw
up
in
Arms
,
so
that
on
that
Occasion
above
twenty
thousand
Men
were
in
a
readiness
.
Upon
these
harsh
Proceedings
of
the
Parliament
,
the
King
hasted
to
Hampton
Court
,
and
now
the
Parliament
daily
Increasing
in
Power
,
they
Adjourned
their
Sitting
to
Guildhall
in
London
,
the
better
to
Ingratiate
themselves
with
the
Citizens
;
and
from
thence
sent
their
Mandates
to
the
respective
Governours
of
the
Seaport-Towns
,
forbidding
them
to
yeild
Obedience
to
the
Kings
Orders
,
unless
they
had
Confirmed
them
:
And
in
this
they
more
prejudiced
his
Affairs
then
they
had
formerly
done
,
for
had
the
King
put
Garisons
in
those
Towns
,
he
might
have
secured
the
Maritine
part
of
Power
,
and
by
that
means
have
Distressed
the
City
of
London
,
who
once
finding
a
faleur
in
Traffique
,
would
soon
have
been
weary
of
their
Guest
,
whose
Perverseness
occasioned
it
.
But
the
Parliament
taking
the
Advantage
,
secured
them
first
,
by
putting
strong
Garisons
into
most
of
them
:
So
that
the
King
being
in
Yorkshire
,
was
denyed
Entrance
into
his
Town
of
Hull
by
Sr.
John
Hotham
,
whereupon
returning
to
Windsor
,
he
wrote
to
the
Parliament
,
declaring
his
good
meaning
towards
them
,
protesting
himself
Innocent
of
such
things
as
had
been
Objected
against
him
,
whereupon
they
sent
Messengers
to
desire
his
Return
to
London
;
but
his
Majesty
did
not
at
such
a
Juncture
think
it
convenient
;
upon
which
the
Lower
House
drew
up
a
Remonstrance
,
wherein
their
Propositions
were
so
unreasonable
,
that
the
House
of
Peers
would
by
no
means
Accord
with
them
therein
,
till
they
perceived
the
Commons
were
uniting
themselves
against
them
,
and
so
through
Fear
were
compelled
to
a
Complyance
;
and
then
the
said
Remonstrance
was
sent
to
the
King
,
who
with
some
Reservation
yielded
to
one
part
of
it
,
and
rejected
the
other
;
but
this
would
not
satisfy
those
unreasonable
Men
,
but
they
petitioned
the
King
,
that
the
accused
Members
might
be
free
and
clear
from
all
Guilt
;
to
which
the
good
King
out
of
his
princely
Lenity
consented
.
Things
being
at
this
Pass
,
many
who
favoured
the
Kings
Cause
,
foreseeing
the
dismal
Effects
,
some
of
them
left
England
,
and
others
repaired
home
,
not
leaving
above
twenty
five
in
the
upper
House
,
and
scarce
eighty
in
the
Lower
;
and
those
most
,
if
not
all
of
them
,
such
as
were
strong
Opposers
of
the
Kings
Proceedings
,
and
those
that
they
did
in
the
least
suspect
to
be
loyally
Affected
,
by
one
means
or
other
they
got
them
turned
out
,
till
at
last
there
was
not
above
sixteen
in
the
Lords
House
.
About
this
time
the
Queen
left
England
to
Accompany
her
Daughter
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
to
whom
she
was
Espoused
;
and
by
reason
the
Parliament
,
or
Rump
,
(
for
now
it
was
no
other
)
pretended
that
the
Nation
was
in
danger
to
be
over-run
with
Popery
,
and
thereby
set
the
giddy
headed
Multitude
a
madding
,
(
who
saw
not
at
what
those
Foxes
aimed
)
the
King
put
forth
his
Proclamation
,
commanding
all
Popish
Priests
to
avoid
the
Realm
upon
Pain
of
Death
,
as
likewise
to
put
the
Laws
in
Execution
against
Papists
,
but
nothing
would
please
those
whose
Aim
was
to
Ingross
the
Soveraign
Power
into
their
own
Hands
;
for
now
they
began
to
appear
more
barefaced
,
and
contrary
to
their
own
Belief
,
Accused
the
King
of
hearkening
to
a
Change
of
Religion
;
and
that
he
was
the
Occasion
of
the
Irish
Rebellion
;
and
proceeded
to
blacken
all
those
that
had
any
spark
of
Loyalty
,
nay
after
they
had
vented
their
Malice
against
his
Favourites
,
they
proved
so
monstrously
wicked
as
to
Asperse
the
Queen
,
which
the
King
(
who
tendered
her
as
his
Life
)
took
in
such
grievous
Part
,
that
he
Published
his
Declaration
,
declaring
his
Innocence
,
and
how
that
the
Parliament
sought
all
Occasion
of
Quarrel
against
him
,
and
to
prosecute
their
own
evil
Purposes
,
spread
false
Rumours
amongst
his
Subjects
.
But
this
not
having
the
wished
Effects
,
and
things
growing
daily
worse
and
worse
,
the
King
was
resolved
to
oppose
Force
with
Force
,
and
thereupon
taking
with
him
his
Son
Prince
Charles
,
the
Palsgrave
,
Duke
of
Richmond
,
and
others
of
the
chief
Nobility
,
he
took
his
Journy
for
York
,
and
from
thence
wrote
to
the
Parliament
,
but
finding
them
as
Obstinate
as
ever
,
he
Summoned
all
the
Knights
of
the
Garter
,
and
such
as
held
of
the
Crown
,
to
repair
to
him
;
when
on
the
contrary
,
the
Parliament
made
it
Death
for
any
to
go
,
but
therein
few
obeyed
them
,
for
the
Nobility
from
all
parts
came
thither
,
as
likewise
many
of
the
Members
of
the
lower
House
who
had
retired
themselves
.
And
now
Preparation
for
War
being
made
on
all
Hands
,
the
Kentish
Men
Petitioned
the
Parliament
on
the
Behalf
of
the
King
,
That
nothing
might
be
done
without
his
Consent
,
That
the
Liturgy
might
not
be
altered
,
but
that
Divine
Worship
might
continue
as
by
Law
Established
,
That
the
Bishops
might
be
restored
,
whom
they
had
Excluded
the
Lords
House
,
that
they
would
not
suffer
the
fundamental
Laws
to
be
altered
without
the
Kings
Permission
,
nor
Arms
to
be
taken
up
without
the
Kings
Command
,
and
that
some
speedy
means
might
be
found
out
for
an
Amicable
Reconciliation
.
But
altho
they
had
formerly
encouraged
Petitions
when
they
served
for
their
Purpose
,
yet
this
Petition
was
taken
in
evil
Part
,
and
those
who
brought
it
,
together
with
the
Earl
of
Bristol
who
received
it
at
their
Hands
Imprisoned
;
and
the
Summersetshire
Men
afterwards
preferring
their
Petition
upon
the
same
Occasion
,
the
Parliament
caused
it
to
be
burnt
by
the
common
Hangman
,
which
shewed
how
little
they
were
desirous
of
Peace
,
but
rather
sought
Contention
to
bring
their
wicked
Purposes
about
.
The
King
being
at
York
,
and
finding
no
hopes
of
Reconciliation
,
Commanded
all
the
Yorkshire
Men
to
attend
him
at
a
Day
prefixed
on
Howard
More
,
which
they
accordingly
did
to
the
Number
of
sixty
Thousand
,
where
his
Majesty
,
the
Prince
,
and
several
Nobles
accompanied
with
six
hundred
Horse
met
them
,
and
after
having
Admonished
them
to
Loyalty
,
Peace
,
and
a
right
Understanding
of
things
,
he
dismissed
them
,
yet
twenty
Thousand
of
them
would
accompany
him
back
to
the
City
of
York
,
and
then
Expressing
their
Loyalty
,
and
ready
Obedience
,
they
departed
to
their
respective
Habitations
.
This
great
Assembly
put
the
Parliament
in
some
Fear
,
whereupon
they
borrowed
a
considerable
Sum
of
Mony
of
the
Londoners
upon
the
publick
Faith
,
and
therewith
raised
an
Army
of
two
thousand
Horse
and
ten
thousand
Foot
,
when
in
the
mean
while
the
King
having
drawn
together
considerable
Forces
,
endeavoured
the
taking
of
Hull
,
and
again
sent
to
the
Parliament
,
to
desire
that
matters
might
be
amicably
Reconciled
(
so
desirous
of
Peace
was
this
good
King
)
promising
forthwith
to
repair
to
them
if
they
would
leave
London
and
sit
in
some
other
place
,
but
according
to
their
old
Obstinacy
they
refused
;
whereupon
the
King
proceeded
to
Proclaim
all
men
guilty
of
Treason
that
should
Assist
them
with
Mony
or
other
Necessaries
;
threatening
the
Londoners
with
the
taking
away
their
Liberties
if
they
offended
herein
,
and
caused
Newark
,
and
Barwick
to
be
Fortified
,
and
again
sought
the
taking
of
Hull
,
but
in
vain
,
that
place
by
reason
of
the
Waters
that
almost
Incompass
it
,
being
impregnible
.
The
Parliament
having
by
this
time
drawn
out
their
Forces
,
Proclaimed
open
War
,
declaring
themselves
necessitated
to
take
up
Arms
;
but
how
true
that
was
,
I
leave
to
the
Judgment
of
all
good
Men
:
And
now
the
Earl
of
Essex
,
who
was
before
the
Captain
of
their
Guard
,
is
made
General
.
The
King
having
Notice
of
these
Proceedings
,
Marched
to
Notingham
and
there
set
up
his
Standard
,
and
thither
repaired
to
him
a
great
number
of
Nobility
:
And
now
it
being
come
to
open
Wars
,
the
Victory
continued
for
a
long
time
doubtful
,
sometimes
on
the
one
side
,
and
sometimes
on
the
other
,
with
no
small
effusion
of
Blood
,
and
the
Lives
of
brave
Men
lost
,
there
not
being
less
then
eighty
Thousand
killed
on
both
sides
during
that
unhappy
War
.
All
things
being
in
a
Flame
,
the
Prince
took
Shiping
for
the
Scillyes
,
from
whence
he
was
Invited
by
the
Parliament
,
to
Return
to
London
,
but
not
thinking
it
safe
to
trust
his
Person
in
the
Hands
of
such
Men
who
had
broken
their
Oaths
of
Allegiance
,
cancel'd
their
Loyalty
,
and
devoted
themselves
to
the
Service
of
the
Prince
of
Darkness
,
he
Sailed
for
Holland
,
and
there
continued
at
the
Hague
till
the
sad
News
of
his
Royal
Fathers
Murther
was
brought
thither
.
The
Kings
Affairs
being
now
grown
Desperate
,
most
places
of
Strength
being
in
the
Hands
of
the
Parliament
,
and
his
Army
wasted
,
he
came
with
the
remainder
of
his
Forces
to
Oxford
;
but
a
strait
Siege
being
laid
to
it
,
and
more
Forces
daily
expected
out
of
all
Parts
,
he
despaired
of
its
long
holding
out
;
and
therefore
by
the
Advice
of
several
of
the
Nobility
,
he
rode
in
Disguise
to
the
Scotch
Army
,
who
then
lay
Encamped
near
Southwel
,
casting
himself
upon
them
for
Protection
,
who
at
first
made
many
fair
Promises
,
and
seemed
a
while
sharply
to
contend
with
the
Parliament
,
when
they
demanded
them
to
deliver
the
King
into
their
Hands
;
but
having
great
Arrears
due
for
their
late
Service
,
they
feared
to
lose
that
if
they
refused
to
Comply
,
and
thereupon
,
like
perfidious
Wretches
delivered
him
into
the
Hands
of
his
merciless
Enemies
for
the
Sum
of
two
hundred
thousand
Pounds
;
but
it
may
somewhat
abate
our
Wonder
,
when
we
consider
that
Judas
,
whose
Example
they
followed
,
sold
the
King
of
Kings
for
thirty
Pieces
of
Silver
.
The
Scots
having
got
their
Mony
,
Marched
into
Scotland
,
leaving
their
King
to
be
carried
Prisoner
to
Holmby
,
and
afterwards
to
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
where
he
was
guarded
by
Collonel
Hammond
;
and
during
his
Solitude
there
,
he
wrote
his
excellent
Book
called
Icon
Basilice
.
Things
being
brought
to
this
pass
,
a
Treaty
was
held
,
and
Commissioners
accordingly
appointed
to
receive
the
Kings
Concessions
,
which
were
so
ample
that
the
Parliament
Voted
them
Satisfactory
;
after
which
those
that
sought
his
Life
,
having
no
Cloak
for
their
Villany
,
they
began
to
appear
in
their
proper
Colours
,
turning
out
all
such
Members
of
Parliament
,
as
they
thought
would
refuse
to
Comply
with
their
wicked
purposes
,
and
removed
the
King
to
Hurst
Castle
,
and
from
thence
to
Windsor
,
during
which
many
Skirmishes
passed
between
the
Loyalists
and
Rebels
,
as
at
Maidstone
,
Pomfract
,
Bow
,
Stratford
,
Kingston
,
and
Preston
where
the
Scotch
Army
were
overthrown
,
and
lastly
at
Colchester
,
which
was
defended
by
the
Renowned
Worthies
Sr.
Charles
Lucas
,
and
Sr.
George
Lisle
,
who
upon
the
Surrender
of
that
Town
(
caused
through
extream
Famine
(
notwithstanding
they
had
their
Lives
granted
,
yet
in
cold
Blood
)
they
were
shot
to
Death
contrary
to
the
Law
of
Arms.
And
now
the
Army
,
Officers
,
and
those
Members
that
were
left
in
the
House
,
Erected
a
new
and
unheard
of
Tribunal
,
falsly
called
a
High
Court
of
Justice
;
For
indeed
Justice
was
turned
into
Wormwood
in
those
Days
;
and
of
this
Court
Serjeant
Bradshaw
was
made
President
,
and
the
King
being
called
before
the
new
Erected
and
pretended
Authority
,
had
several
Crimes
laid
to
his
Charge
,
as
that
he
gave
cause
of
the
cruel
Bloodshed
in
Ireland
,
That
he
had
born
Arms
against
the
Parliament
,
That
he
had
given
Commission
to
his
Son
,
and
others
to
wage
War
,
and
therefore
he
was
pronounced
a
Traitor
,
a
Tyrant
,
and
an
Enemy
to
the
Kingdom
,
by
Bradshaw
,
the
worst
of
Traytors
that
ever
England
bred
.
But
the
King
disowned
the
Power
of
that
Court
,
and
therefore
refused
to
Answer
to
the
Charge
,
altho
he
was
several
times
brought
thither
and
urged
thereto
:
But
these
Hellhounds
thirsting
after
Royal
Blood
,
only
set
up
this
Court
for
Formalities
Sake
,
the
better
to
colour
their
Villany
,
they
having
beforehand
,
past
Doubt
,
resolved
his
Death
.
The
King
having
absolutely
refused
to
Answer
to
their
Charge
,
on
the
17th
.
of
April
Anno
1648.
Bradshaw
,
to
his
immortal
Shame
,
proceeded
to
pronounce
Sentence
on
the
best
of
Kings
:
Which
was
to
this
Effect
,
That
He
the
said
Charles
Stewart
,
was
fallen
from
all
Dignity
,
was
guilty
of
high
Treason
,
and
was
to
be
put
to
Death
by
the
severing
his
Head
from
his
Body
,
for
being
a
Tyrant
,
a
Murtherer
,
and
an
Enemy
to
the
Commonwealth
:
In
Confirmation
of
this
Sentence
the
Court
stood
up
,
thereby
signifying
that
they
all
Consented
to
the
Wickedness
,
and
the
King
offering
to
speak
,
Bradshaw
would
not
permit
him
,
but
ordered
the
Officers
to
take
him
away
,
and
carry
him
to
Whitehall
.
And
now
this
wicked
Sentence
being
thus
Passed
,
few
imagined
that
they
would
be
such
Villains
as
to
have
dared
the
putting
it
in
Execution
;
yet
notwithstanding
the
Intercessions
of
the
Dutch
Ambassadors
and
many
of
the
Nobility
,
on
the
30th
.
of
January
,
at
the
Command
of
Oliver
Cromwel
,
a
Scaffold
was
Erected
before
Whitehall
,
and
covered
with
Black
,
which
made
many
aking
Hearts
,
and
caused
such
as
durst
of
the
Nobility
,
to
Address
themselves
to
the
Tyrants
for
the
Kings
Life
;
&
the
Lord
Fairfax
declared
that
rather
then
such
a
Wickedness
should
be
acted
,
if
none
other
would
Assist
him
,
himself
with
his
Regiment
would
force
the
Guards
and
attempt
the
Hindering
it
;
but
Cromwell
&
some
of
the
Principal
Rumpers
got
him
to
Prayers
(
as
they
termed
it
)
to
seek
of
God
what
was
best
to
be
done
,
but
indeed
to
Consult
the
Devil
,
who
(
past
doubt
(
had
all
along
been
their
Councellor
)
and
in
the
mean
while
the
fatal
Blow
was
given
:
For
the
King
being
brought
out
of
the
Banquetting
House
,
upon
a
Bridg
of
Boards
that
was
laid
from
the
Window
to
the
Scaffold
,
attended
by
Dr
Juxon
,
he
in
a
Learned
and
Pious
Speech
Addressed
himself
to
the
People
,
declaring
his
Innocence
;
and
then
desiring
of
God
to
Forgive
his
Adversaries
,
he
gave
his
George
to
Dr.
Juxon
and
bid
him
Remember
,
which
was
,
as
't
is
supposed
,
to
deliver
it
to
the
Prince
,
and
then
laying
down
his
Royal
Head
,
after
he
had
Recommended
his
Spirit
into
the
Hands
of
his
Redeemer
,
he
had
it
stricken
off
at
a
Blow
by
an
Executioner
in
Disguise
.
Shroud
here
bright
Sun
in
Sable
Clouds
thy
Face
,
And
Blush
to
see
such
monstrous
Wickedness
:
Such
as
on
Earth
no
barbarous
Villains
did
,
Since
thou
the
naked
Lord
of
Glory
Hid.
This
Murther
in
the
superlative
Degree
acted
by
rebellious
Subjects
upon
their
lawful
Prince
without
Precedent
,
did
not
a
little
Astonish
the
neighbouring
Nations
,
and
drew
Tears
not
only
from
his
Friends
,
but
his
Enemies
;
nay
from
Strangers
,
who
had
only
heard
of
the
Virtues
of
this
good
King
,
which
were
indeed
so
many
,
that
should
I
go
about
to
recite
them
,
it
would
prove
too
hard
a
Task
,
and
might
fill
up
a
larger
Volume
.
His
Body
was
put
in
a
Coffin
covered
with
black
Velvet
,
and
carried
to
St.
James's
,
and
there
wraped
in
Lead
,
when
about
seven
Days
after
it
was
delivered
to
two
of
his
Servants
,
to
be
Disposed
of
as
they
thought
fit
;
upon
Notice
of
which
the
Duke
of
Richmond
,
Marquess
of
Hartford
,
the
Earls
of
Lindsy
and
Southampton
,
together
with
Dr.
Juxon
,
came
and
putting
it
in
a
Herse
Conveyed
it
to
Windsor
,
and
Interred
it
in
St.
Georg's
Chappel
,
weeping
in
private
the
Requiems
of
so
great
a
King
,
and
for
a
Memorial
,
fixed
a
piece
of
Lead
about
two
Foot
long
,
on
the
Breast
of
the
Corps
,
Inscribed
King
Charles
,
1648.
This
good
King
began
his
Reign
Anno
1625
,
and
Reigned
twenty
three
Years
ten
Months
and
three
Days
,
and
was
the
forty
fifth
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
being
untimely
cut
off
by
Rebellious
Subjects
in
the
forty
ninth
Year
of
his
Age.
The
Birth
,
Sufferings
,
and
Miraculous
Deliverances
,
happy
Restoration
,
and
Prosperous
Reign
of
our
now
Reigning
Soveraign
CHARLES
the
Second
,
by
the
Grace
of
God
,
of
Great
Brittain
,
France
,
and
Ireland
,
King
,
&c.
OUr
Soveraign
Lord
King
Charles
the
Second
,
first
Son
to
King
Charles
the
First
,
of
ever
blessed
Memory
,
by
his
Queen
Henrietta
Maria
,
Daughter
to
Henry
the
fourth
King
of
France
and
Navar
,
was
Born
the
29th
.
of
May
Anno
Christi
1630.
and
brought
up
in
his
Royal
Fathers
Court
in
all
Piety
and
Learning
,
till
through
the
Blessing
of
Heaven
he
Arrived
at
those
Perfections
that
fitly
qualified
him
to
bear
patiently
the
severest
Frowns
of
adverse
Fortune
;
and
when
God
was
pleased
to
restore
him
to
his
Right
(
long
Usurped
and
long
Detained
from
him
by
the
worst
of
Tyrants
)
sufficient
to
make
his
Reign
Happy
and
Prosperous
,
over
so
great
a
People
Commited
to
his
Charge
.
His
Majesties
younger
Years
were
for
the
most
part
spent
in
Camps
,
even
till
(
the
Scale
of
Fortune
turning
against
his
Royal
Father
)
he
was
forced
to
leave
the
Land
,
to
avoid
falling
into
the
Hands
of
such
as
made
their
Tiranny
the
sole
Foundation
of
their
usurped
Power
.
When
the
fatal
Blow
was
given
,
which
made
the
Nations
Weep
,
his
Majesty
was
with
his
Sister
at
the
Hague
,
and
there
Received
the
dismal
and
amazing
News
of
his
great
Fathers
Fall
,
which
caused
such
Royal
Grief
as
my
weak
Genius
cannot
here
Portray
,
and
therefore
thinks
it
fit
to
pass
it
over
in
Silence
;
after
which
,
he
as
it
was
,
and
is
his
undoubted
Right
,
began
his
Reign
over
these
three
Kingdoms
,
and
all
other
his
Majesties
Countries
and
Dominions
,
even
from
that
fatal
30th
.
of
January
,
on
which
the
Blessed
Martyr
made
his
way
to
Heaven
:
And
after
him
such
Nobles
were
put
to
Death
as
tood
in
the
Tyrants
Way
to
hinder
him
from
●ounting
on
the
Throne
;
and
after
that
,
think●ng
to
Exclude
his
Sacred
Majesty
,
Cromwell
procu●ed
the
Rump
to
pass
an
Act
to
Disinable
(
as
they
●retended
)
the
Royal
Line
of
King
James
from
In●riting
the
Imperial
Crown
of
England
,
Scotland
,
●●d
Ireland
,
and
to
shew
their
Malice
,
caused
the
●●ngs
Arms
to
be
pulled
down
every
where
,
and
〈◊〉
their
stead
placed
the
States
Arms
,
as
they
called
them
,
viz.
the
Cross
and
Harp
;
and
the
better
to
Express
their
Antichristian
Rage
,
defaced
his
late
Majesties
Picture
in
the
Royal
Exchange
,
and
behind
the
Head
wrote
in
Letters
of
Gold
:
Exit
Tyrannus
Regum
ultimus
,
Anno
Libertatis
Angliae
restitutae
primo
,
Anno
1648.
January
30.
When
indeed
it
was
the
very
Moment
when
our
Slavery
under
the
Name
of
Liberty
began
,
for
neither
Romans
,
Saxons
,
Danes
,
nor
Normans
,
in
the
height
of
all
their
Cruelty
proceeded
to
such
barbarous
and
inhumane
Acts
as
these
Native
Rebels
,
who
made
Murther
their
Pastime
;
and
it
was
enough
in
those
times
to
endanger
the
Life
and
Estate
of
any
Man
,
if
some
notorious
Ruffian
or
other
would
but
Accuse
him
of
being
Loyal
to
his
Lawful
Prince
.
The
Rebels
likewise
caused
the
Titles
of
all
Process
at
Law
to
be
altered
,
and
instead
of
Carolus
Dei
Gratia
,
&c.
they
put
Custodes
Libertatis
Angliae
,
and
Caused
the
Kings
Bench
to
be
called
by
the
Name
of
the
Upper
Bench.
They
likewise
made
a
new
Stamp
for
Mony
,
with
the
Cross
on
the
one
side
thereof
,
and
the
Cross
and
Harp
on
the
other
,
which
at
this
Day
is
called
Breeches
Mony
,
the
Inscription
on
one
side
being
,
God
with
us
,
and
on
the
other
,
The
Common-Wealth
of
England
;
a
great
Seal
likewise
was
prepared
.
And
now
the
Lord
Fairfax
having
laid
down
his
Commission
,
as
not
being
able
to
square
his
Conscience
according
to
the
Dictates
of
the
Parliament
Oliver
Cromwell
was
Constituted
General
,
whose
Wickedness
and
many
Inhumane
Murthers
,
renders
him
justly
Odious
to
Posterity
.
And
now
the
King
being
in
France
,
endeavouring
to
get
Aid
,
in
order
to
Recover
his
Lawful
Right
,
was
there
Disappointed
;
yet
his
Well-Wishers
in
England
Proclaimed
him
King
,
as
likewise
did
the
Duke
of
Ormond
,
and
Earl
of
Leicester
in
Ireland
,
whereupon
the
Rump
,
as
the
People
then
called
it
,
proceeded
to
sell
the
Kings
and
Queens
Land
,
Whitehall
,
and
Summerset
House
being
Voted
to
Sale
,
as
likewise
the
Bishops
,
with
Deans
and
Chapiters
Lands
,
which
being
prized
greatly
under
the
true
Value
,
wanted
not
purchasers
,
and
this
under
the
specious
Pretence
of
working
a
thorough
Reformation
.
About
this
time
Orders
were
given
for
the
Demolishing
most
of
the
principal
Castles
and
places
of
Strength
throughout
England
,
and
all
Persons
were
Deposed
from
their
Offices
either
in
Church
or
State
,
who
refused
to
Comply
with
the
present
Government
as
by
them
Established
;
yet
was
his
Majesty
Proclaimed
King
in
Scotland
,
and
after
some
Debates
held
there
on
that
Occasion
,
it
was
Agreed
that
several
Proposals
should
be
sent
to
his
Majesty
,
who
at
that
time
was
Landed
in
the
Isle
of
Jersy
,
to
Tender
which
the
Laird
Libberton
,
and
Mr.
Winderam
were
appointed
,
the
Heads
of
which
were
;
-
I.
That
his
Majesty
should
sign
the
Solemn
League
and
Covenant
.
-
II.
That
he
should
pass
divers
Acts
of
Parliament
which
were
Concluded
on
in
the
two
last
Sessions
of
Parliament
in
Scotland
.
-
III.
That
he
would
be
pleased
to
Recall
the
late
Commission
given
to
the
Marquess
of
Montross
.
-
IV.
That
he
should
put
away
all
Papists
from
him
.
-
V.
That
he
would
appoint
some
place
about
Holland
to
Treat
with
their
Commissioners
.
-
VI.
That
he
would
be
graciously
Pleased
to
give
a
speedy
Answer
to
their
Request
.
These
Propositions
being
Perused
,
duly
Weighed
and
Considered
,
Sr.
William
Fleming
was
sent
again
to
the
Committee
of
Estates
then
Assembled
in
Scotland
,
till
such
time
as
the
Laird
Libberton
could
be
Dispatched
,
who
shortly
after
followed
with
a
Letter
,
and
ample
Instructions
by
Word
of
Mouth
;
and
Breda
in
Holland
was
appointed
the
place
of
Treaty
,
whereupon
great
Debates
were
held
by
the
Committee
of
Estates
,
and
those
for
the
Kirk
of
Scotland
;
when
in
the
end
,
it
was
concluded
that
the
Earl
of
Cassiles
,
the
Lords
Lothian
,
Burly
,
and
Libberton
,
Sr.
John
Smith
,
and
Mr.
Jefferyes
should
be
Deputed
Commissioners
for
the
Estates
,
and
Mr.
Brocly
,
Lauson
,
and
Wood
for
the
Kirk
;
who
having
received
their
Commissions
,
met
his
Majesty
at
Breda
,
where
after
their
making
known
to
what
Intent
they
were
come
,
they
delivered
their
Propositions
,
much
to
the
same
Effect
as
those
before
mentioned
;
of
which
the
King
was
pleased
to
take
some
time
to
Consider
.
During
this
Treaty
,
the
Renowned
Marquess
of
Montross
was
taken
in
Scotland
,
after
his
Atcheiveing
such
Valorous
Exploits
and
Victories
with
a
handful
of
Men
against
great
Armies
,
that
Ages
to
come
,
upon
hearing
them
Repeated
,
past
doubt
may
term
them
Fabulous
.
This
brave
Souldier
falling
into
the
Hands
of
his
merciless
Enemies
,
they
used
him
not
as
a
Peer
and
Loyal
Subject
who
Fought
by
Commission
from
his
and
their
Lawful
Prince
,
but
with
all
the
Severity
imaginable
,
and
in
the
end
Executed
him
upon
a
Gibbet
of
extraordinary
height
,
and
then
severing
his
Head
from
his
Body
,
as
likewise
dividing
his
Body
into
Quarters
,
they
set
them
up
to
the
Murtherers
eternal
Infamy
,
upon
the
Gates
of
several
Cities
of
that
Kingdom
;
which
unexpected
News
coming
to
Breda
,
caused
a
general
Sorrow
,
and
had
gone
near
to
have
broke
off
the
Treaty
,
but
at
length
his
Majesty
condescending
to
some
of
the
Propositions
,
and
rejecting
others
;
the
part
concluded
on
were
carryed
to
Edenburg
,
and
it
was
there
Resolved
that
a
Messenger
should
be
sent
in
the
Names
of
the
Committee
of
Estates
and
Kirk
,
to
Invite
his
Majesty
into
Scotland
.
The
Rump
Parliament
having
Notice
of
these
Proceedings
,
and
fearing
their
Downfall
would
soon
insue
if
his
Majesty
was
once
Established
in
his
Ancient
Kingdom
of
Scotland
,
they
therefore
prepared
an
Army
to
Invade
the
Scots
,
under
the
●eading
of
the
Arch-Traytor
Oliver
Cromwell
:
And
about
this
time
,
for
the
better
Understanding
of
their
Ignoramusses
(
most
of
the
eminent
Lawyers
being
Suspended
)
they
passed
an
Act
for
the
Reducing
all
Proceedings
at
Law
into
English
,
and
to
be
Written
in
Secretary
Hand
,
But
what
was
most
Prejudicial
to
his
Majesties
Affairs
,
was
that
Blake
meeting
with
part
of
Prince
Rupert's
Fleet
,
had
burnt
and
sunk
many
of
the
best
Ships
.
During
these
Passages
,
his
Majesty
Prosecuted
his
Voyage
for
Scotland
,
and
Arriving
at
Spey
,
several
Lords
came
to
Welcome
him
,
as
likewise
to
Accompany
him
to
Edenburg
,
when
as
all
the
way
he
Passed
,
great
was
the
Joy
of
the
People
;
at
A●erden
his
Majesty
was
Presented
with
fifteen
hundred
Pounds
,
which
the
Committee
of
Estates
and
Kirk
took
in
great
dudgeon
,
and
sent
to
the
several
Towns
through
which
his
Majesty
was
to
Pass
,
strictly
forbidding
them
to
do
the
like
.
The
King
being
now
come
to
Edenburg
,
he
was
there
Proclaimed
King
on
the
15th
.
of
July
Anno
1650
,
but
his
Coronation
was
Deferred
by
reason
of
the
Troubles
that
were
then
arisen
;
for
the
English
Army
under
the
Command
of
Cromwell
,
was
by
this
time
entered
the
Frontiers
;
whereupon
great
Forces
were
Raised
to
Oppose
them
under
the
Leading
of
Montgomery
;
who
gave
the
English
Battail
at
Dunbarr
,
but
were
worsted
:
And
now
,
notwithstanding
the
English
Army
was
Victorious
even
in
the
Heart
of
Scotland
,
yet
such
was
the
ill
Hap
,
that
the
Scots
themselves
were
at
Strife
,
being
Divided
into
three
Parties
,
so
that
they
could
expect
no
other
then
to
be
worsted
.
To
heal
these
Breaches
his
Majesty
earnestly
Laboured
,
insomuch
that
through
his
Princely
Wisdom
,
he
at
last
procured
a
Reconciliation
,
whereupon
all
the
Estates
unanimously
resolved
to
Crown
his
Majesty
,
thereby
the
more
to
Abash
the
Rebels
,
which
on
the
first
Day
of
January
Anno
1650
was
Performed
accordingly
at
Scoon
in
Scotland
.
And
now
the
King
set
up
his
Standard
at
Aberdeen
,
Reserving
to
himself
the
Title
of
Generalissimo
of
the
Scotch
Army
,
when
as
News
came
that
Sr.
Henry
Hide
,
and
Captain
Bushel
had
been
Beheaded
at
London
by
the
Rebels
for
their
Loyalty
.
The
English
Army
still
Approaching
,
the
King
fortified
Sterling
,
and
leaving
St.
Johnstown
,
went
thither
with
his
whole
Court
,
but
was
no
sooner
Arrived
there
,
but
News
was
brought
of
the
Surprize
of
the
Earl
of
Eglington
and
his
Son
.
Whil'st
things
were
at
this
pass
in
Scotland
,
the
Rump
who
had
still
their
Spies
abroad
,
discovered
a
new
Plot
against
themselves
,
carryed
on
by
the
Presbyterians
,
for
which
Mr.
Gibons
,
and
Dr.
Love
were
Beheaded
,
Cromwell
seeing
he
could
not
Oblige
the
Scots
to
a
Field-Battel
,
for
that
they
had
Encamped
in
Fife
,
he
therefore
Transported
sixteen
hundred
Foot
,
and
four
Troops
of
Horse
over
the
River
,
who
joyning
with
Lambert
and
Okeys
Forces
,
Routed
Sr.
John
Brown
,
and
altho
he
made
a
brave
Resistance
,
yet
he
was
taken
Prisoner
,
and
with
him
several
Persons
of
Quality
,
as
likewise
a
hundred
common
Souldiers
,
and
two
thousand
were
killed
upon
the
Place
.
Fortune
being
thus
averse
to
his
Majesties
Affairs
,
he
resolved
to
try
an
other
way
,
by
leaving
Scotland
and
making
England
the
Seat
of
War
,
whereupon
on
the
30th
.
of
July
Anno
1651
,
he
Marched
his
Army
into
England
,
of
which
Cromwell
had
no
sooner
Notice
,
but
he
sent
Lambert
after
with
a
Party
of
Horse
to
fall
upon
the
Rear
of
the
Kings
Army
,
himself
,
with
such
other
Forces
as
could
be
spared
,
Marching
to
second
him
;
the
Rump
likewise
hearing
of
his
Majesties
Approach
,
sent
their
Mandates
into
all
Counties
,
that
none
should
be
so
hardy
as
to
Assist
him
with
Men
or
Mony
,
under
the
Penalty
of
High
Treason
(
when
indeed
themselves
were
the
worst
of
Traytors
)
as
likewise
caused
Forces
to
be
Raised
in
each
County
to
Oppose
him
.
The
King
having
entered
England
,
Commanded
it
to
be
Proclaimed
,
That
no
Soldier
should
Offer
Violence
to
the
Persons
or
Houses
of
any
of
his
English
Subjects
,
which
was
Obeyed
with
due
Observance
,
yet
such
was
the
Peoples
Fear
of
the
Rump
,
that
few
(
or
none
)
came
to
the
Assistance
of
their
King
,
except
the
Lord
Howard
of
Eskrich's
Son
with
a
Troop
of
Horse
.
By
this
time
Lambert
being
guided
over
the
Moors
and
Dales
in
Yorkshire
,
was
got
before
the
Kings
Army
,
and
thought
to
have
stoped
them
at
Warrington
Bridg
,
but
after
a
hot
Dispute
,
and
the
loss
of
several
Men
on
either
Side
,
the
Pass
was
gained
,
and
the
King
Marching
with
his
Army
to
Tong-Norton
,
sent
a
Trumpet
to
Collonel
Humphry
Mackworth
,
Governour
of
Shrewsbury
,
to
Summon
him
to
deliver
up
the
Town
,
but
he
Refused
,
and
was
so
Insolent
,
as
not
to
own
his
Majesty
by
any
other
Title
than
Commander
in
Chief
of
the
Scotch
Army
,
as
appeared
by
the
Superscription
of
a
Letter
he
sent
back
:
From
hence
his
Majesty
Marched
to
Worcester
,
and
was
joyfully
Welcomed
by
several
truly
Loyal
Gentlemen
.
The
Earl
of
Darby
having
brought
his
Majesty
a
Supply
of
two
hundred
and
fifty
Foot
,
and
sixty
Horse
,
Raised
in
the
Isle
of
Man
,
and
in
hopes
to
procure
more
,
he
went
into
Lancashire
,
where
he
was
set
upon
by
Lilborn
,
and
had
most
of
his
Commanders
Slain
,
as
the
Lord
Witherington
,
Sr.
Thomas
Tilsby
,
Collonel
Trollop
,
Collonel
Bointon
and
others
,
altho
they
behaved
themselves
with
all
immaginable
Bravery
,
performing
as
much
as
Men
could
do
.
This
Misfortune
happened
to
the
Earl
,
upon
the
Disappointment
he
met
with
in
those
Parts
,
his
Lordship
upon
his
Repair
thither
having
been
assured
that
the
Presbiterians
would
come
in
to
his
Assistance
,
in
order
to
his
Majesties
Restoration
;
but
on
the
contrary
,
they
did
all
they
could
to
hinder
his
Success
,
unless
he
would
have
taken
the
Covenant
,
which
he
refused
to
do
:
This
Engagement
happened
in
Wiggon
Lane
.
During
these
Proceedings
in
Lancashire
his
Majesty
gave
necessary
Orders
for
the
Fortifying
of
Worcester
,
to
which
Lambert
made
his
Approaches
,
and
gained
the
Pass
at
Vpton
,
where
the
Bridg
was
cut
down
,
by
causing
his
Troopers
to
swim
their
Horses
over
the
River
,
in
order
to
Rescue
about
fifty
desperate
Fellows
that
had
got
over
upon
a
Pole
,
and
were
driven
by
Major
General
Massy's
Men
into
a
Church
and
there
Besieged
,
but
the
Troopers
Landing
,
and
those
fifty
Sallying
out
of
the
Church
,
the
Majors
Men
were
forced
to
Retreat
,
whereupon
a
Bridg
of
Boats
was
laid
over
the
River
;
and
now
Cromwell
joyning
Lambert
,
the
Loyalists
were
beat
out
of
the
Town
,
and
so
Retreated
to
Worcester
,
whether
now
the
Rebels
made
their
Approaches
,
and
Incamped
upon
Red-hill
,
where
they
had
been
Surprized
by
the
Royalists
,
had
not
a
Rascally
Taylor
discovered
the
Design
,
so
that
it
came
to
a
fair
Battail
,
and
his
Majesty
on
the
third
of
September
1651
,
Sallying
out
of
the
Town
at
the
Head
of
his
Forces
with
Kingly
Bravery
,
and
an
undaunted
Resolution
,
Charged
Cromwell's
Life-Guard
,
and
forced
them
to
Retire
,
leaving
many
of
their
Fellows
dead
upon
the
place
;
but
the
Enemy
being
three
to
one
in
Number
,
were
still
Recruited
with
fresh
Supplies
,
so
that
after
the
Fight
had
remained
Bloody
and
Doubtful
for
some
Hours
,
when
as
the
King
bravely
Fighting
,
having
had
two
Horses
Shot
under
him
,
and
many
of
his
chief
Commanders
Slain
,
the
Scale
of
War
turned
,
and
the
Royal
Party
were
forced
to
Retreat
into
the
Town
,
which
they
did
with
much
Difficulty
,
by
reason
a
loaded
Cart
was
overthrown
in
the
Gateway
,
supposed
to
be
done
on
purpose
,
which
so
obstructed
the
Entrance
of
the
Horse
that
the
Enemy
had
time
to
come
up
,
who
entred
pell
mell
with
the
Royalists
,
when
as
the
Cry
went
,
Save
the
King
,
Save
the
King
.
His
Majesty
now
Perceiving
all
to
be
lost
,
with
some
of
his
most
trusty
Followers
made
his
Escape
out
of
Worcester
,
altho
not
without
great
Difficulty
,
and
coming
to
a
Farm
House
on
the
Borders
of
Staffordshire
,
his
Majesty
there
Refreshed
himself
,
and
the
better
to
prevent
Discovery
,
cut
off
his
Hair
,
and
changed
his
Aparrel
;
yet
was
pursued
so
close
that
at
Boscobel
House
the
Troopers
entered
the
fore
Dore
,
and
his
Majesty
went
out
at
the
Back
,
and
coming
into
a
Wood
,
made
an
Oake
his
Pallace
whil'st
the
Blood-Hounds
had
left
Pursuing
him
in
those
Parts
;
and
afterwards
by
the
Assistance
of
the
Pendrills
and
Mrs.
Lane
,
having
escaped
through
miraculous
Providence
many
Dangers
,
he
found
means
to
pass
the
Seas
,
and
landed
safe
at
New
Haven
in
France
;
and
in
this
Gods
Goodness
was
evidently
Demonstrated
,
for
altho
his
Majesty
was
in
the
Hands
of
Men
of
mean
Fortune
,
who
might
have
made
their
own
Price
with
the
Rebels
to
betray
him
(
one
thousand
Pounds
being
the
first
Penny
the
Rump
had
set
upon
his
Head
)
as
likewise
his
Life
lay
in
the
Hands
of
Women
,
whose
Brests
rarely
Contain
so
weighty
a
Secret
long
;
yet
no
Temptation
could
prevail
with
them
to
prove
Perfidious
to
the
best
of
Kings
.
In
the
Battle
of
Worcester
about
three
thousand
were
Slain
,
and
seven
hundred
taken
Prisoners
,
upon
News
of
which
the
Rump
caused
publick
Days
of
Thanksgiving
to
be
kept
,
and
caused
the
Scoth
Colours
taken
in
the
Fight
to
be
hung
up
in
Westminster
Hall
:
And
now
the
Earl
of
Darby
endeavoring
to
make
his
Escape
,
fell
into
the
Hands
of
the
Rebells
,
who
without
any
due
Process
of
Law
Beheaded
him
at
Bolton
in
Lancashire
.
From
New
Haven
the
King
went
to
Paris
,
and
having
stayed
there
a
while
,
he
went
to
St.
Germaines
,
there
to
Confer
with
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
about
the
Recovery
of
his
Kingdom
of
Ireland
,
but
it
came
to
no
Result
.
During
his
Majesties
Abode
there
,
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
who
had
a
long
time
been
detained
by
the
Parliament
in
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
came
to
him
from
the
Hague
,
Accompanyed
with
Sr.
Richard
Greenvil
,
and
Sr.
Marmaduke
Langdale
,
and
not
long
after
Mrs.
Lane
,
who
had
been
Instrumental
in
his
Majesties
making
his
Escape
out
of
England
,
for
which
she
was
now
kindly
Received
,
and
had
many
Thanks
given
her
by
his
Majesty
for
her
Care
and
good
Will
towards
him
.
About
this
time
Cromwell
intending
to
assume
to
himself
an
absolute
Power
,
Dissolved
the
Rump
Parliament
,
which
had
sat
twelve
Years
six
Months
and
seventeen
Days
,
and
after
that
they
were
cryed
about
the
Streets
in
Derision
,
four
Parliament
men
for
a
Penny
,
so
Odious
and
Hateful
were
they
now
grown
amongst
the
People
,
and
within
a
while
after
War
was
Proclaimed
with
the
Dutch
,
in
which
happened
five
bloody
Ingagements
,
and
the
English
got
the
better
;
the
Dutch
having
lost
most
of
their
great
Ships
,
were
forced
to
sue
for
Peace
,
which
with
much
Difficulty
they
obtained
;
and
now
Cromwell
perceiving
the
People
began
to
be
displeased
with
his
usurped
Authority
,
he
called
another
fagend
of
a
Parliament
,
Composed
for
the
most
part
of
Mechanicks
,
who
not
knowing
how
to
mannage
the
Affairs
of
State
,
within
a
while
after
resigned
up
their
Power
to
old
Noll
,
from
whom
they
received
it
,
and
departed
to
mind
the
Business
they
better
understood
,
upon
which
,
viz.
the
16th
.
of
December
1653
,
Cromwell
by
the
Procurement
of
his
own
Creatures
was
Sworn
Lord
Protector
of
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Ireland
;
and
by
that
means
the
Democracy
for
which
the
Rebels
had
long
contended
was
dissolved
by
a
Creature
of
their
own
making
,
whom
yet
the
boldest
of
them
durst
not
Oppose
.
The
King
during
these
Proceedings
being
in
France
,
sought
to
make
Peace
between
that
Crown
and
the
Crown
of
Spain
;
and
hoping
yet
to
further
his
Interest
he
departed
for
Germany
,
Accompanied
with
Prince
Rupert
and
such
Nobility
as
then
attended
him
,
and
Arriving
at
the
Spaw
,
his
Royal
Sister
the
Princess
of
Orange
came
to
Visit
him
,
and
there
his
Majesty
diverted
himself
for
some
time
,
during
which
Cromwell
was
busy
in
setling
his
Greatness
upon
as
sure
a
Foundation
as
he
could
,
by
puting
such
to
Death
(
under
pretence
of
their
Conspiring
against
the
Government
)
whom
he
thought
were
most
likely
to
Oppose
his
Tyranny
:
And
about
this
time
Collonel
Gerrard
,
and
Mr.
Wowel
were
put
to
Death
,
for
he
had
his
Agents
in
all
parts
of
England
secretly
to
pry
into
mens
Actions
,
and
to
see
how
they
stood
Affected
(
For
Tyranny
is
always
attended
with
Mestrust
and
Fear
)
and
these
Rakehells
were
wont
to
trapan
Gentlemen
,
to
declare
themselves
for
the
King
,
pretending
themselves
at
the
same
time
great
Royalists
,
and
railing
against
the
Usurper
,
till
such
time
they
had
procured
their
Ends
,
and
then
upon
their
Informing
against
them
,
their
Estates
and
Lives
were
at
the
Usurpers
Mercy
,
none
of
his
Judges
daring
to
Aquit
a
Person
(
tho
never
so
Innocent
)
that
Cromwell
would
have
Condemned
;
for
his
Motto
might
well
be
the
same
that
is
written
over
the
Pallace
Gate
of
the
Grand
Signeour
.
Sic
Volo
sic
Jubeo
,
stat
pro
ratione
Voluntas
.
This
do
I
bid
,
and
so
I
do
Command
,
And
for
a
Law
my
Will
shall
firmly
stand
.
For
indeed
never
was
any
People
under
pretence
of
Liberty
brought
into
such
Slavery
,
and
yet
it
was
Death
to
complain
,
or
so
much
as
murmur
against
the
Protectors
Proceedings
.
About
this
time
the
Scots
Rising
under
the
Leading
of
the
Earl
of
Glencairn
,
Monro
,
and
Middleton
,
resolved
to
prosecute
the
Kings
Cause
,
but
being
Routed
by
General
Monk
,
all
came
to
nothing
.
The
King
having
left
the
Spaw
,
was
now
arrived
at
Cologne
,
and
there
himself
and
the
Princess
of
Orange
were
Royally
Entertained
,
and
shortly
after
they
were
Invited
by
the
Duke
of
Newburg
to
his
Pallace
of
Dunsel-Dorf
,
where
they
met
with
the
like
Entertainment
;
and
here
it
was
that
the
King
and
his
Sister
parted
,
the
former
returning
to
Cullen
,
and
the
latter
to
Holland
.
During
these
Passages
the
Usurper
discovered
another
Plot
by
means
of
his
Agents
,
which
was
to
have
been
a
general
Rising
all
over
England
,
whereupon
several
worthy
Persons
were
Executed
,
and
some
hundreds
sent
beyond
Sea
,
and
sold
for
Slaves
.
And
now
the
King
with
his
Brother
the
Duke
of
Glocester
,
and
his
Sister
the
Princess
of
Orange
,
attended
by
a
great
Train
of
Nobility
,
went
to
Frankfort
,
and
at
Coningstem
near
Frankfort
,
Christina
Queen
of
Sweeden
gave
the
King
a
Visit
,
after
which
he
returned
again
to
Collen
,
and
from
thence
into
the
Low-Countries
,
being
Invited
thither
by
Don
John
d'
Austria
Governour
thereof
under
the
King
of
Spain
,
whither
his
Royal
Highness
the
Duke
of
York
came
to
him
.
The
War
continuing
between
France
and
Spain
,
Cromwell
according
to
a
Treaty
with
the
French
sent
over
six
thousand
Foot
Soldiers
to
Assist
that
King
in
his
Wars
against
Flanders
,
and
in
Lieu
thereof
he
was
to
have
Dunkirk
delivered
into
his
Possession
,
which
being
afterwards
taken
with
great
Difficulty
,
was
accordingly
put
into
the
Possession
of
the
English
:
And
now
the
Protector
desirous
of
a
higher
Advancement
,
called
an
Assembly
of
his
own
Creatures
,
who
durst
not
move
but
by
his
Dictates
,
of
which
Sr.
Thomas
Witherington
being
Speaker
,
it
was
by
them
Ordained
that
the
Protector
should
be
Cloathed
in
Purple
Robes
and
Installed
in
Westminster-Hall
,
after
which
he
Established
a
Pajeant
House
of
Lords
of
his
own
Creation
,
as
John
Lord
Hewson
the
Qondam
Cobler
,
the
Lord
Clapole
,
Lord
Ireton
,
and
the
like
;
when
wanting
Treasure
to
support
his
upstart
Greatness
,
he
sent
his
Scouts
upon
the
Discovery
,
who
brought
him
News
of
an
other
pregnant
Plot
,
which
was
just
about
to
Teem
,
whereupon
Sr.
Henry
Slingsby
,
and
Dr.
Hewet
were
Executed
,
and
Mr.
Aston
,
Mr.
Betly
,
and
Mr.
Stacy
Drawn
,
Hanged
,
and
Quartered
,
and
their
Estates
seised
and
Sold
by
the
Protector
(
a
Politick
,
tho
a
wicked
Invention
to
get
Mony
.
)
And
now
the
Pomp
of
this
blustering
Tyrant
being
at
its
highest
Pitch
,
he
made
his
Son
Henry
Lord
Deputy
of
Ireland
,
and
appointed
Commissioners
in
most
Parts
of
England
for
the
Approbation
of
Ministers
and
Schoolmasters
,
with
ample
Commission
to
Eject
such
as
were
Ignorant
,
under
Pretence
of
which
all
the
well
Affected
and
Learned
Men
were
turned
out
,
and
any
Blockheads
placed
in
their
steads
that
could
but
raise
any
considerable
Sum
of
Mony
:
Hugh
Peters
was
kept
by
Cromwell
in
the
nature
of
his
Jester
;
it
was
also
Enacted
by
one
of
Nols
mechanick
Parliaments
,
that
no
Person
should
be
Married
but
by
a
Justice
of
Peace
,
and
first
to
be
Asked
in
the
Church
,
or
Proclaimed
in
the
Market
.
And
now
the
Tyrants
Power
began
to
Decline
,
the
People
every
where
Inveighing
against
him
in
Private
,
altho
they
durst
not
do
it
openly
:
And
now
their
Eyes
being
open
,
they
plainly
discerned
in
what
Miseries
their
mad
Folly
had
Involved
them
,
and
would
willingly
have
shook
off
the
Tyrants
Yoke
,
but
found
it
stick
too
fast
.
In
September
Anno
1658
,
Cromwell
began
to
setle
his
Affairs
,
and
make
a
more
narrow
Inspection
into
matters
,
as
finding
a
Decay
of
his
bodily
Health
,
and
was
very
desirous
to
settle
his
Son
Richard
in
the
Kingdom
,
if
he
should
at
that
time
Decease
,
for
on
the
first
Day
of
the
Month
aforesaid
,
he
was
sensible
of
Change
,
and
therefore
sent
for
those
whom
he
had
raised
from
a
low
Estate
to
great
Honours
,
and
consulted
them
about
the
matter
,
who
promised
to
stand
by
his
Son
Richard
;
so
that
his
Sickness
still
encreasing
,
on
the
third
of
September
,
in
Year
aforesaid
,
he
yeilded
to
Death
,
who
following
his
own
Example
,
admitted
neither
of
Bail
nor
Mainprise
.
The
Day
whereon
he
dyed
(
as
it
was
observed
)
the
like
Storm
had
not
happened
in
many
Ages
past
,
for
by
the
Violence
thereof
Trees
,
Houses
,
Barns
,
Church-Steeples
,
Stacks
of
Hay
and
Corn
were
overthrown
.
After
his
Death
he
was
Conveyed
to
Summerset
House
and
there
laid
in
State
,
where
he
continued
till
the
23d
.
of
November
following
,
and
then
was
carried
to
Westminster
Abby
with
all
Magnificence
and
Splendor
imaginable
,
and
Interred
near
the
Kings
of
England
formerly
buryed
there
.
The
old
Tyrant
being
removed
,
his
Son
Richard
was
Invested
with
his
Power
,
but
his
Head
being
too
light
,
and
his
Shoulders
too
weak
to
Support
the
ponderous
Weight
of
Government
;
he
after
his
having
called
a
Parliament
was
decently
laid
aside
as
a
useless
Tool
,
not
fit
to
finish
the
Reformation
,
or
rather
unreform
,
and
overthrow
the
Established
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
.
And
now
Fleetwood
and
Lambert
the
chief
Instruments
in
outing
Richard
,
called
the
Rump
Parliament
that
had
ben
turned
out
by
Cromwell
,
who
not
a
little
Rejoyced
that
it
was
put
into
their
Power
again
to
Lord
it
over
their
Betters
,
and
add
yet
more
Sin
to
the
former
.
But
whil'st
they
were
busy
in
setling
themselves
Anno
1659
,
the
Gentlemen
in
Cheshire
and
Lancashire
Rose
under
the
Leading
of
Sr.
George
Booth
in
Defence
of
their
Liberties
and
Priviledges
and
to
maintain
the
Kings
Cause
;
against
whom
Lambert
Advanced
,
and
by
him
those
Loyal
Gentlemen
had
the
Misfortune
to
be
Routed
,
and
the
Renouned
Sr.
George
Booth
now
Lord
De-la-Mere
,
shortly
after
taken
and
sent
Prisoner
to
the
Tower
,
and
Lambert
upon
his
Return
was
gratified
with
a
thousand
Pounds
by
the
Rump
for
his
Service
.
And
now
Lambert
began
to
harbour
some
Conceptions
of
Monopolizing
the
Government
,
by
assuming
to
himself
the
Power
of
Oliver
,
and
thereupon
he
turned
out
the
Rump
and
Erected
a
pretended
Committee
of
Safety
,
all
of
his
own
Creatures
,
who
were
to
inspect
into
the
Affair
of
the
three
Kingdoms
.
General
Monk
being
in
Scotland
,
and
having
notice
of
these
Proceedings
,
concluded
that
now
was
the
time
to
deliver
his
Country
out
of
Slavery
;
whereupon
he
passed
the
Tweed
with
his
Army
,
and
incamped
at
Cold
Stream
,
there
expecting
the
coming
of
Lambert
,
who
advanced
towards
him
,
intending
to
give
him
battle
,
thinking
that
if
he
could
but
overthrow
him
,
he
should
not
fail
to
sit
in
Oliver's
Chair
.
But
whilst
he
Incamped
at
New
Castle
,
the
Rump
had
got
together
again
,
and
had
dissolved
his
Committee
of
Safety
,
and
so
dealt
with
the
Officers
of
his
Army
,
that
first
shewing
the
small
disposition
they
had
to
fight
General
Monk
,
they
afterwards
left
him
to
shift
for
himself
,
as
likewise
all
his
Soldiers
;
after
which
the
Rump
sent
their
Commissioners
to
General
Monk
to
desire
him
to
March
for
London
,
which
he
accordingly
did
,
and
was
petitioned
by
all
the
Counties
he
passed
through
,
if
not
by
all
the
Counties
of
England
,
for
a
Free
Parliament
.
He
was
no
sooner
arrived
at
London
,
but
the
Rump
to
revenge
some
Indignities
the
Citizens
had
put
upon
them
,
set
him
to
pull
up
their
Posts
and
Chains
,
as
likewise
to
throw
down
their
Gates
,
which
made
many
that
hoped
well
of
him
,
doubt
the
Event
;
but
assoon
as
he
saw
it
convenient
,
he
began
to
declare
himself
openly
for
a
Free
Parliament
,
drawing
his
Troops
into
the
City
,
who
were
now
welcomed
with
great
expressions
of
Joy
.
The
first
thing
he
put
in
practice
,
was
,
to
restore
the
Secluded
Members
to
their
Places
in
the
House
of
Commons
,
upon
which
the
Assembly
dissolved
it self
,
and
Writs
were
Issued
out
to
the
several
Cities
,
Counties
,
Burroughs
,
and
Towns
Corporate
,
for
calling
a
New
Parliament
,
which
was
called
the
healing
Parliament
,
as
indeed
it
was
,
for
assoon
as
the
Members
had
settled
themselves
in
the
House
,
they
began
to
Vote
for
the
King
's
Return
to
his
People
,
which
after
a
long
Dehate
was
carried
in
the
Affirmative
;
whereupon
the
States
Arms
were
every
where
pulled
down
,
and
the
King's
Arms
set
up
in
their
Places
,
and
on
Tuesday
the
Eighth
of
May
,
1660.
the
King
was
Proclaimed
at
White
Hall
Gate
,
according
to
the
usual
manner
,
to
the
great
Joy
of
his
Loving
Subjects
,
who
had
long
groaned
under
Tyranny
and
Oppression
,
and
immediately
after
Commissioners
were
sent
to
the
King
to
invite
him
and
his
Royal
Brethren
,
the
Dukes
of
York
and
Glocester
(
who
then
resided
at
Breda
)
over
into
England
;
whereupon
His
Majesty
sent
Sir
John
Greenvill
,
and
others
before
,
to
sound
the
Hearts
of
the
People
,
by
whom
he
receiving
assurance
of
the
longing
Expectations
of
his
Subjects
for
his
Return
,
He
with
his
Royal
Brothers
,
and
a
great
Train
of
Nobility
landed
at
Dover
,
where
he
was
met
by
the
General
,
and
greatest
part
of
the
Nobility
of
England
,
and
there
his
Majesty
to
express
his
Gratitude
,
dignified
General
Monk
with
the
Honour
of
Knight
of
the
Garter
,
himself
putting
the
George
about
his
Neck
,
his
Brothers
the
Dukes
of
York
and
Glocester
,
the
mean
while
tying
on
the
Garter
,
and
when
the
General
offered
to
kneel
,
the
King
took
him
up
in
his
Arms
and
Imbraced
him
,
and
so
with
a
Splendid
Train
,
his
Majesty
marched
towards
London
,
whilst
great
were
the
Expressions
of
Joy
the
People
every
where
shewed
for
his
Happy
Restauration
.
On
Black
Heath
the
General
's
Army
was
drawn
up
,
as
likewise
a
great
number
of
Nobility
,
together
with
the
Lord
Mayor
of
London
,
and
Aldermen
in
Scarlet
,
and
some
hundreds
of
Citizens
lead
by
Sir
John
Robinson
in
Velvet
Coats
,
who
with
loud
Shouts
and
Acclamations
of
Joy
,
welcomed
his
Majestie
's
Return
;
when
the
King
had
passed
them
,
they
fell
into
his
Rear
,
and
after
them
the
General
's
Soldiers
in
Armour
with
their
drawn
Swords
,
and
so
with
a
Train
that
reacht
two
miles
in
length
;
his
Majesty
was
conducted
through
London
to
White
Hall
,
whilst
the
Citizens
the
better
to
express
their
Joy
had
reared
many
stately
Pageants
,
and
caused
the
Conduits
to
run
Wine
,
and
the
Night
by
the
Light
of
the
Fires
that
were
every
where
kindled
,
seemed
another
Day
.
At
White
Hall
Gate
was
the
Effigies
of
Oliver
Cromwel
set
upon
a
Pole
,
and
the
Common-wealths
Arms
about
his
Neck
,
which
after
it
had
been
a
long
time
the
Sport
of
the
People
,
was
thrown
into
the
Fire
prepared
for
that
purpose
,
and
thus
ended
the
Triumph
of
the
Happy
Twenty
ninth
of
May
,
which
was
doubly
blessed
,
in
being
the
Day
of
his
Majestie
's
Birth
and
Restauration
.
And
now
the
Parliament
being
exceedingly
satisfied
with
the
King
's
Return
to
his
People
,
Ordered
,
that
a
Bill
should
be
prepared
for
keeping
a
perpetual
Anniversary
,
or
day
of
Thanksgiving
to
return
Praise
to
God
for
his
Infinite
Goodness
in
Restoring
His
Majesty
to
be
a
Blessing
to
his
People
,
which
Twenty
ninth
of
May
is
still
kept
Sacred
by
all
Loyal
and
well
affected
Persons
.
The
King
being
by
Heavens
Providence
setled
in
his
Royal
Throne
,
the
Parliament
began
to
call
such
to
an
account
,
as
had
been
concerned
in
the
late
King's
Murther
,
of
which
Twenty
six
were
Convicted
,
and
Nine
of
the
Principal
Executed
,
viz.
Adrian
Scroop
,
John
Carew
,
Thomas
Harison
,
John
Joanes
,
Gregory
Clement
,
Thomas
Scot
,
John
Cook
,
Hugh
Peters
,
and
Daniel
Axtel
,
all
of
them
suffering
for
High
Treason
,
as
they
most
justly
deserved
;
for
although
Divine
Justice
may
delay
for
a
season
,
yet
at
last
it
will
strike
home
:
And
now
his
Majesty
being
mindful
of
his
Vows
to
Heaven
,
used
great
Diligence
to
settle
Religion
,
that
dearest
part
of
Government
,
by
restoring
the
Church
to
its
Purity
of
Worship
,
and
setling
those
Bishops
and
Pastors
that
had
been
expelled
by
the
Rebels
,
in
their
Diocesses
and
Cures
;
the
Common
Prayer
was
again
read
in
Churches
to
the
content
of
all
good
Christians
.
About
this
time
the
Pious
Princess
of
Orange
coming
over
to
visit
his
Majesty
,
fell
sick
of
the
Small
Pox
,
of
which
Distemper
she
died
,
to
the
great
grief
of
his
Majesty
,
and
all
his
Subjects
.
And
now
the
Devil
envying
the
happy
state
of
this
Kingdom
,
began
again
to
stir
up
his
Agents
to
molest
our
happy
Peace
;
for
in
January
after
his
Majesties
Restauration
,
one
Venner
a
Wine
Cooper
,
with
his
Phanatick
Proselytes
Rebelled
,
and
declaring
themselves
for
King
Jesus
,
and
the
Fifth
Monarchy
,
ranged
about
the
City
like
Madmen
,
killing
first
a
man
in
Paul's
Church
Yard
,
and
then
another
in
Beach
Lane
,
without
the
least
provocation
on
the
part
of
the
deceased
,
and
then
making
their
Escapes
into
Cane-Wood
;
the
third
day
after
they
entred
London
at
several
Gates
(
and
past
doubt
imagining
that
more
of
the
same
Gange
would
have
come
to
their
Assistance
,
they
fell
to
knocking
down
,
and
killing
all
they
met
with
;
so
that
the
Trained
Bands
and
part
of
the
King's
Life-guard
opposing
them
,
there
was
above
Forty
Persons
slain
on
both
sides
;
but
at
last
the
remainder
were
taken
,
and
being
condemned
as
Rebels
and
Traytors
,
they
were
Executed
in
several
Parts
of
the
City
,
dying
obstinate
and
justifying
themselves
to
the
last
.
Upon
the
Thirtieth
of
January
,
1660.
the
odious
Trunks
of
Oliver
Cromwel
,
John
Bradshaw
,
and
Henry
Ireton
,
were
taken
up
and
carried
to
Tyburn
,
where
they
were
hanged
at
each
Angle
of
the
Triple
Tree
till
Sun-set
,
and
then
their
Bodies
cast
into
a
Pit
under
the
Gallows
,
and
their
Heads
fixed
on
Poles
,
and
set
upon
Westminster
Hall
.
During
these
Proceedings
the
Pious
Prince
Henry
,
Duke
of
Glocester
,
left
this
Life
for
that
more
durable
,
and
on
the
Twenty
third
of
April
,
1661.
his
Majesty
was
Crowned
at
Westminster
,
having
the
day
before
passed
in
great
Splendour
,
from
the
Tower
to
Westminster
.
And
thus
notwithstanding
all
the
Popish
and
Fanatical
Plots
and
Designs
,
has
the
best
of
Kings
been
preserved
to
this
day
,
God
having
at
sundry
times
frustrated
and
brought
to
nought
all
the
pernicious
devices
of
wicked
men
,
and
caused
the
mischief
they
intended
to
others
,
to
fall
upon
their
own
heads
,
as
hath
been
seen
in
the
miraculous
discovery
of
the
late
damnable
Popish
Plots
,
and
frustrating
the
Designs
of
the
late
Rebels
in
Scotland
,
and
likewise
the
subtle
underhand
contrivances
of
the
disaffected
,
whilst
under
his
prosperous
Reign
we
enjoy
all
that
Subjects
can
lawfully
expect
,
or
is
convenient
to
be
enjoyed
;
therefore
let
every
good
Subject
make
it
his
dayly
Prayer
to
the
Almighty
,
That
His
Reign
may
be
long
and
prosperous
over
us
.
And
they
that
will
not
,
may
they
Traytors
dye
,
To
shame
themselves
,
and
their
Posterity
.
FINIS
.
Books
Sold
by
Thomas
Passinger
at
the
Three
Bibles
on
London-Bridge
.
-
KErsey's
Algebra
in
four
Books
,
Folio
.
-
Bishop
Sanderson's
Thirty
five
Sermons
,
fol.
-
Heylin's
Cosinography
in
four
Book
,
fol.
-
Cambridge
Concordance
,
fol.
-
The
Complete
Clerk
,
being
a
Book
of
Choice
Presidents
,
quarto
.
-
Mr.
Henry
Smith's
Sermons
,
quarto
.
-
Markham's
Master-Piece
Revived
,
quarto
.
-
The
Mariners
New
Kalendar
,
quarto
.
-
The
Famous
History
of
Parismus
,
quarto
,
-
The
Destruction
of
Troy
,
in
three
Books
,
quarto
.
-
The
History
of
Valentine
and
Orson
,
quarto
.
-
The
Seaman's
Kalendar
,
quarto
.
-
—
His
Practice
,
quarto
.
-
Norwood's
Doctrine
of
Triangles
,
quarto
.
-
—
His
Practice
,
octavo
.
-
The
New
London
Dispensatory
,
in
four
Books
,
by
William
Salmon
,
octavo
.
-
De
Jure
Maritimo
&
Navali
,
by
Ch.
Mollay
,
oct
.
-
The
Young
Clerk's
Guide
,
in
four
Books
,
oct.
-
Lithgow's
Nineteen
Years
Travels
,
oct.
-
Gellibrand's
Epitomy
,
oct.
-
A
Book
of
Knowledge
in
three
Books
,
oct.
-
Dr.
Newton's
Cosmographia
,
oct
.
-
—
His
Introduction
to
the
Art
of
Logick
,
twelves
.
-
—
His
Introduction
to
the
Art
of
Rhetorick
,
Twelves
.
-
Cocker's
Arithmetick
,
Twelves
.
-
The
Exact
Constable
,
Twelves
.
-
David's
Repentance
,
Twelves
.
-
—
His
Blessed
Man
,
Twelves
.
-
The
Great
Assize
,
or
Day
of
Jubilee
,
Twelves
.
-
The
Wits
Academy
,
being
the
Newest
Academy
of
Complements
,
Twelves
.
-
The
Complete
Servant
Maid
,
or
the
Young
Maidens
Tutor
,
Twelves
.
-
Christian
Devotion
,
or
a
Manual
of
Prayer
,
Twelves
.
These
Books
following
Printed
for
and
Sold
by
William
Thackeray
,
at
the
Angel
in
Duck-Lane
.
THe
deplorable
History
of
the
latter
Times
of
the
Jews
,
by
Josephus
Ben-Gorion
,
octavo
.
The
Country
man's
Jewel
,
or
the
Government
of
Cattle
,
by
Leonard
Mascal
,
oct
.
A
Divine
Message
to
the
Elect
Soul
,
delivered
in
Eight
Sermons
upon
seven
several
Texts
,
by
William
Fenner
,
B.
D.
oct.
The
Disease
of
London
,
or
a
new
Discovery
of
the
Scurvy
,
comprising
the
Nature
,
Differences
,
Causes
,
and
Signs
,
and
Method
of
Curing
the
said
Disease
,
by
Gideon
Harvey
,
M.
D.
oct.
A
Theoretical
and
chiefly
Practical
Treatise
of
Feavers
,
by
G.
Harvey
,
oct
.
The
Second
Part
of
the
Visions
of
Don
Francisco
de
Quevedo
Villegas
,
oct.
Cosmo
Meros
,
the
Worldly
Portion
,
or
the
best
Portion
of
the
wicked
,
their
misery
in
the
Injoyment
of
it
,
delivered
in
several
Sermons
,
by
Seth
Bushel
,
D.
D.
Twelves
.
Christian
Devotion
,
or
the
Pious
Soul
's
dayly
Supplication
,
containing
Prayers
,
and
Praises
for
every
day
of
the
Week
,
Illustrated
with
Sculptures
and
Prayers
fitted
for
all
occasions
,
Twelves
.
A
Brief
Instruction
concerning
the
Holy
Sacrament
,
for
their
use
who
prepare
themselves
to
receive
the
Lord's
Supper
,
together
with
Prayers
before
and
after
receiving
,
Twelves
.
FINIS
.