THE
CIVIL
WARS
OF
SPAIN
.
THE
FIRST
BOOK
.
SECT.
I.
IN
the
year
of
our
LORD
1500
,
which
was
(
according
to
the
Hebrew
account
)
five
thousand
four
hundred
sixtie
and
one
years
after
the
Creation
of
the
World
:
from
the
Universal
Deluge
,
three
thousand
eight
hundred
and
five
:
from
the
Coming
of
Tubal
to
inhabit
,
and
people
the
(
then
desolate
)
Countrie
of
Spain
,
three
thousand
six
hundred
sixtie
and
three
:
from
the
Conquest
of
Cesar
,
one
thousand
five
hundred
thirtie
and
eight
:
from
the
Entrie
of
the
Goths
into
Spain
,
one
thousand
eightie
and
six
:
and
lastly
,
from
the
Dominion
of
the
Moors
in
that
Countrie
,
seven
hundred
eightie
and
six
years
,
Alexander
the
sixth
then
beeing
Pope
of
Rome
.
The
Christian
King
Don
Fernando
and
Donnia
Isabel
having
reigned
twentie
seven
years
,
converted
the
Mezquitas
,
or
Moorish
temples
,
into
Ch●istian
Churches
,
and
purged
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Paganism
and
Jewish
Cerimonies
,
beeing
also
the
year
of
Iubilee
at
Rome
:
for
their
comfort
,
and
to
drie
up
the
tears
which
sorrowful
Spain
ceased
not
to
shed
,
for
the
decea●
of
t●eir
Prince
,
Don
Iuan
,
or
Io●n
,
(
onely
Son
to
the
Cathol●●k
King
,
and
Donnia
Isabel
,
his
Queen
)
and
●he
Infanta
Donnia
Isabel
,
their
eldest
Daughter
,
(
who
was
married
to
Don
Iuan
,
or
Iohn
the
Second
,
King
of
Portugal
)
in
the
Citie
of
Gant
,
upon
the
Apostle
●
ᵗ
Matthias
his
daie
,
beeing
mundaie
25
Feb●uarie
,
was
born
Charls
the
fift
,
Don
Philip
,
or
Philip
,
surnamed
El
Hermoso
,
or
the
fair
,
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
(
on
to
the
Emperor
Maximilian
the
First
,
and
Donnia
Ma●ia
,
sole
daughter
and
heir
to
Charls
Duke
of
Burgundie
,
who
had
for
her
por●ion
,
besides
the
said
Dutchie
of
Burgundie
,
the
Dukedom
of
Brabant
,
Flanders
,
Limbourg
,
Haynaut
▪
H●lland
,
Artois
,
Zealand
,
and
Cueldres
,
with
other
places
thereunto
belonging
)
and
Donnia
Iuana
,
second
daughter
to
the
fore-na●ed
Don
Fernando
and
Isabel.
The
Prince
Don
Miguel
de
la
paz
,
son
to
Don
Iuan
of
Portugal
,
and
Don
Fernandos
eldest
Daughter
,
Isabel
(
who
by
the
right
of
his
mother
was
to
inherite
the
Crown
of
Castilla
)
was
yet
living
,
when
Charls
the
Fift
came
first
into
the
World
;
the
news
of
whose
birth
,
with
the
particulars
of
the
place
and
time
,
beeing
carried
into
Spain
,
his
grandmother
Donnia
Isabel
(
I
know
not
by
what
prophetick
spirit
)
presently
said
,
Cecidit
sors
super
Matt●iam
,
meaning
,
that
the
succession
of
those
Kingdoms
should
fall
upon
Charls
(
who
was
born
upon
that
Saint's
daie
)
as
it
did
,
and
hee
became
the
most
potent
Prince
of
the
Christian
World
.
For
Don
Miguel
de
la
paz
,
dying
in
Julie
following
,
in
the
same
year
1500
the
inheritance
of
the
Crowns
of
Spain
descended
to
Donnia
Iuana
,
mother
to
the
fortunate
Prince
Don
Charls
,
SECT.
II.
IN
the
year
1501
,
the
Catholick
Queen
,
Don●ia
Isabel
,
of
Castilia
beeing
fallen
into
a
langu●shing
diseas
,
and
past
hopes
of
●ecoverie
,
shee
desired
to
see
Don
Philip
,
and
Donnia
Iuana
(
●er
daughter
)
before
her
deceas
.
Whereupon
they
took
their
waie
through
France
,
where
they
were
received
,
and
feasted
in
a
Princely
manner
,
by
King
Lewis
the
Twelfth
,
who
treated
with
them
concerning
the
marriage
of
his
Daughter
Claudia
,
to
their
son
Charls
.
One
of
the
Articles
was
,
That
in
case
the
said
marriage
should
not
bee
consummated
t●rough
anie
default
of
the
said
King
of
France
,
the
Emperor
should
invest
and
settle
the
Dukedom
of
Milan
upon
their
son
Don
Carl●s
Duke
of
Luxembourg
:
And
it
so
happened
afterwards
,
that
the
said
match
was
broken
off
by
t●e
●aid
King
Lewis
,
which
is
a
great
Plea
for
the
Crown
of
Spain
against
the
Kings
of
France
,
in
the
pretention
of
Milan
.
Beeing
arrived
at
Toledo
,
〈◊〉
●w●rn
P●i●ce
of
Sp●in
.
where
the
Catholick
King
and
Queen
exspected
them
on
Sundaie
,
22
Maie
(
in
the
Cathedral
Church
▪
they
were
s●orn
Princes
of
Castilia
and
Leon
:
)
Don
Fernando
▪
and
Donnia
Isabel
assisting
at
the
Ceremonie
,
with
the
Cardinal
Don
Diego
Hurta●o
de
Mendosa
,
Don
Fray
Francisco
de
Xmenez
Archb●shop
of
Toledo
;
Don
Bernardino
de
Valas●o
Lord
h●gh
Constable
of
Castilia
and
Leon
,
the
Duke
del
Infantad●
,
Duke
of
Alva
,
Duke
of
Bejar
,
Duke
of
Alburquerque
,
and
a
mul●itude
of
other
noblemen
:
after
which
solemnitie
the
King
went
to
Saragosa
,
and
the
Queen
with
her
Daughter
,
and
Don
Philip
went
to
Torisos
,
Fuens●lida
,
Cas●
Rubios
,
and
the●ce
to
Madrid
;
from
whence
,
I●fante
F●rdinand
.
after
●om
time
,
Donnia
Iuana
went
to
Alcala
de
Hena●es
,
where
shee
was
brought
to
bed
of
the
Infante
Don
Ferdinando
,
or
Ferdinand
hee
was
baptized
with
exceeding
great
solemnitie
,
by
the
Arch
Bishop
of
Tol●do
;
the
Duke
of
Naxara
and
the
Earl
of
Villena
were
his
Godfathers
,
and
Madame
de
Luin
his
Godmother
.
Which
Ceremonie
beeing
past
,
and
Donnia
Iuana
throughly
recovered
,
shee
and
her
husband
(
whose
presence
was
most
earnestly
desired
in
Flanders
)
repaired
both
thither
,
by
the
waie
of
France
;
And
beeing
at
the
Citie
of
Lyons
,
hee
concluded
the
Peace
betwixt
his
father
Maximilian
the
Emperor
,
Don
Fernando
King
of
Spain
,
and
Lewis
the
French
King
,
who
again
moved
him
about
marrying
the
Duke
of
Luxembourg
with
his
daughter
Clavia
,
who
was
to
inherit
the
Dukedom
of
Britanie
,
yet
hee
was
the
first
occasion
of
breaking
that
agreement
.
SECT.
III.
King
Don
Fernando
,
with
all
the
Grandees
of
the
Kingdom
,
Donnia
Isabel
the
Queen
beeing
deceased
at
Medina
del
Campo
)
the
Princess
Donnia
Iuana
,
then
beeing
in
Flanders
,
was
decla●ed
Queen
of
Castilia
and
Leon
,
and
her
son
Don
Carles
heir
and
successor
after
her
to
those
Kingdoms
,
which
pacified
divers
turbulent
●pirits
,
and
stopt
the
current
of
manie
troubles
and
mischiefs
,
that
was
like
to
overflow
that
Countrie
.
This
news
was
brought
to
Donnia
Iuana
,
then
newly
brought
to
bed
of
the
Infanta
Donnia
Maria
,
who
was
afterward
married
to
the
unfortunate
King
of
Bohemia
,
Lewis
son
to
Uladislaus
;
after
whose
death
shee
was
Governess
of
Flanders
for
manie
years
,
and
proved
nothing
inferior
to
her
Brother
in
courage
,
and
other
princely
endowments
,
onely
shee
was
a
woman
:
Don
Philip
remaining
still
in
Flanders
with
his
Queen
,
there
grew
such
differences
betwixt
him
and
Don
Fernando
,
Don
Fernando
sent
Don
Rodrigo
Manrique
his
Embassador
to
the
King
of
Portugal
,
desiring
him
to
give
in
marriage
La
Excelente
,
otherwise
called
La
V●ltraneja
,
thinking
by
virtue
of
her
right
,
and
his
powerful
assistance
,
to
oppose
Don
Philip
,
and
make
himself
King
of
Castillia
(
which
argued
no
less
weakness
then
Ambition
in
the
Catholick
King
.
)
But
the
King
of
Portugal
was
so
discreet
,
as
not
to
satisfie
his
desires
,
a●d
although
hee
had
given
his
consent
La
Veltraneja
would
never
have
condescended
thereunto
,
for
besides
that
shee
was
well
stricken
in
years
,
shee
was
altogether
given
to
her
devotion
,
and
valued
not
the
vanitie
of
anie
earthly
Crowns
.
Having
received
this
repuls
,
hee
agreed
with
Lewis
King
of
France
,
that
hee
should
make
the
match
betwixt
him
and
Madam
Germana
,
daughter
to
Gaston
de
Foix
,
and
to
the
said
French
King's
sister
,
which
was
concluded
upon
this
condition
;
That
King
Lewis
,
in
stead
of
her
Dowrie
,
should
grant
and
pass
over
to
Don
Fernando
the
right
which
hee
pretended
to
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
and
that
if
the
Queen
should
die
before
him
without
issue
,
hee
should
succeed
and
inherit
the
same
title
;
but
if
shee
should
survive
Don
Fernando
,
that
Lewis
should
repossess
the
said
claim
:
These
Articles
beeing
confirmed
,
they
made
a
Peace
betwixt
France
and
Spain
,
for
a
hundred
and
one
years
,
(
but
it
scarce
continued
so
manie
weeks
)
and
Don
Iuan
de
Silva
Earl
of
Cifuentes
,
with
the
Vice-Chancellor
of
Aragon
went
into
France
,
to
attend
and
conduct
her
Majestie
into
Castillia
.
SECT
▪
IV.
THe
Castillians
in
mean
time
,
beeing
very
desirous
to
have
their
Natural
Sovereign
amongst
them
,
importuned
by
frequent
messages
and
invitations
,
Donnia
Iuana
and
her
husband
to
return
,
and
bring
their
Children
with
them
into
Spain
.
Whereupon
Don
Philip
having
provided
a
Fleet
for
the
purpose
,
they
departed
Flanders
,
leaving
the
Prince
Don
Carles
under
the
care
and
tuition
of
the
Emperor
Maximiliano
and
Donnia
Margarita
,
widdow
to
the
Duke
of
Savoye
;
and
at
last
(
though
tossed
with
much
storm
and
tempests
by
the
waie
)
they
landed
safe
at
the
Groyne
in
Galicia
.
Don
Fernando
hearing
of
their
arrival
went
to
meet
them
,
betwixt
La
Puebla
de
Sanabria
and
Asturianos
.
This
interview
occasioned
no
small
discontent
betwixt
these
Princes
;
for
Kings
will
admit
of
no
competitors
,
or
Companions
(
no
not
of
their
own
ch●ldren
)
in
matters
of
Government
and
Command
.
Whereupon
Don
Fernando
(
forsaken
by
all
,
but
onely
the
Duke
of
Alva
and
the
Earl
of
Altamira
with
som
few
others
)
took
his
waie
to
Villafafila
,
and
Tordesillas
,
and
King
Philip
with
his
Queen
to
Venauente
,
attended
by
all
the
Nobles
and
flower
of
Castillia
,
besides
strangers
,
to
the
number
of
above
two
thousand
hors
.
One
caus
of
their
discord
was
about
the
title
and
inscription
of
Commissions
,
Patents
and
other
dispatches
Roial
,
which
at
last
was
determined
,
and
agreed
,
that
all
things
should
pass
in
the
names
of
Don
Fernando
,
Don
Philip
,
and
Donnia
Iuana
:
But
this
style
was
soon
altered
by
the
unexspected
d●ath
of
Don
Philip
,
which
hapned
at
Burges
:
hee
had
but
seven
daies
of
sickness
(
which
was
thought
to
bee
a
surfeit
)
and
past
from
this
life
to
the
eternal
on
fridaie
the
fifth
of
September
,
Donnia
Iuana
his
Queen
was
so
sensible
of
his
loss
,
that
with
the
extremitie
of
sorrow
,
and
her
incessant
weeping
,
Don
Carles
,
and
Don
Fernando
,
both
Emperors
;
and
three
daughters
,
all
mightie
Queens
:
Donnia
Leonor
first
reigned
in
Portugal
,
and
afterwards
was
married
to
the
King
of
France
:
Donnia
Catalina
was
wife
to
Don
Iohn
the
Third
,
King
of
Portugal
,
Aunt
,
and
Mother-in-law
to
Philip
the
Second
of
Spain
:
And
Donnia
Maria
had
for
her
husband
Lewis
King
of
Bohemia
and
Hungaria
.
SECT.
V.
IN
mean
time
Don
Fernando
,
beeing
married
to
the
Queen
Germana
,
and
distasted
in
Castillia
,
retired
himself
into
Aragon
;
from
thence
beeing
upon
his
●ournie
to
Naples
,
the
Castilli●ns
gave
him
notice
of
Don
Philip's
death
,
and
of
the
neces●itie
that
there
was
of
his
Roial
presence
;
but
hee
refused
to
return
,
beeing
incensed
against
som
of
them
for
their
ingratitude
to
him
.
By
the
death
of
Don
Philip
,
and
the
absence
of
King
Fernando
,
divers
tumults
and
seditions
arose
in
the
kingdom
,
the
people
refusing
to
obeie
the
Magistrates
and
Officers
of
Justice
;
and
the
Nobles
wanted
not
factions
and
partialities
amongst
them
to
trouble
and
disquiet
the
Countrie
,
and
almost
everie
Citie
throughout
the
Kingdom
was
infected
with
the
same
contagion
:
Som
crying
up
Charls
,
or
Don
Carles
;
others
Fernando
;
no
small
number
stood
for
Maximiliano
,
but
verie
few
made
anie
mention
of
Donnia
Iuana
,
who
,
whether
out
of
a
sens
of
her
own
disabilitie
,
or
overcom
with
melancholie
for
her
husbands
deceas
,
had
retired
her self
at
Tordesillas
,
refusing
to
govern
or
trouble
her
head
with
State-affairs
.
Whereupon
,
with
the
consent
of
most
part
of
the
Peers
and
Nobles
of
the
Realm
,
the
Cardinal
Ximenez
Don
Bernardino
de
Velasso
Lord
high
Constable
,
and
Don
Pedro
Manrique
Duke
of
Naxara
took
upon
them
the
administration
of
Government
for
the
present
;
they
made
Don
Alonso
Suarez
Bishop
of
Iaen
,
President
of
their
Council
,
assisted
by
Doctor
Tello
,
el
Licenciado
Polanco
,
and
other
learned
Lawyers
.
They
called
a
Parlament
,
wherein
they
ordered
to
send
to
Don
Fernando
,
desiring
him
in
the
name
of
the
Queen
and
the
whole
Kingdom
to
return
,
and
undertake
the
Government
for
his
Daughter
and
Grandchilde
.
Which
hee
,
beeing
more
readie
to
accept
then
they
to
offer
,
did
not
refuse
,
but
returned
answer
,
that
having
setled
the
business
which
had
called
him
to
Naples
,
hee
would
satisfie
their
desires
:
And
after
som
time
,
leaving
Don
Iuan
de
Aragon
Earl
of
Ribagorsa
,
his
Vice-Roy
,
hee
embarqued
himself
for
Spain
with
his
Queen
Germana
,
Don
Gonsalo
Fernandez
de
Cordova
,
commonly
called
the
gran
Capitan
,
and
a
great
train
of
Spanish
Gentlemen
that
attended
him
in
his
voiage
.
Beeing
arrived
at
Valentia
,
the
Queen
Donnia
Iuana
went
to
meet
him
,
whom
hee
received
with
signs
of
much
affection
and
fatherlie
tenderness
,
which
shee
answered
with
all
the
honor
and
due
obedience
that
could
bee
exspected
from
an
observant
Daughter
;
for
although
the
excess
of
sorrow
had
weakned
her
intellectual
faculties
,
yet
shee
never
lost
her
respect
to
her
Father
,
but
paied
him
with
all
humilitie
and
filial
dutie
;
neither
was
shee
ever
heard
to
utter
anie
mis becoming
words
,
which
is
common
to
people
tainted
with
her
infirmitie
.
The
eighth
of
October
the
King
and
Queens
came
to
Arcos
,
where
Donnia
Iuana
desiring
to
staie
,
Don
Fernando
went
with
his
Court
to
Burges
,
leaving
her
a
good
number
of
Noblemen
and
Ladies
,
besides
guards
,
suitable
to
the
dignitie
of
her
person
.
Som
years
after
,
Don
Fernando
left
the
troubles
of
this
transitorie
life
to
enjoie
the
quietness
and
bliss
of
the
eternal
,
Don
Carles
)
produced
a
Commission
,
which
the
young
Prince
had
given
him
to
succeed
Don
Fernando
in
the
Government
,
until
his
coming
into
Spain
;
this
was
opposed
by
Cardinal
Ximenez
,
Catholick
Majestie
's
last
Will
and
Testament
,
hee
was
to
bee
Governor
of
the
Kingdom
,
until
the
Prince
should
com
himself
,
or
give
som
special
order
to
the
contrarie
▪
that
Adriano's
Commission
was
dated
long
before
Don
Ferdinando's
deceas
,
therefore
not
valeable
;
besides
,
that
hee
was
a
foreigner
,
which
was
sufficient
reason
to
bar
his
pretensions
.
But
at
last
they
agreed
to
govern
both
together
,
until
they
received
further
order
from
Don
Carles
.
This
joint-Government
continued
a
great
while
,
during
which
time
,
several
Grandees
of
the
Kingdom
were
much
discontented
,
and
murmured
,
that
a
Frier
,
and
a
stranger
(
in
a
manner
of
the
same
stamp
)
should
bee
raised
to
such
a
height
above
them
,
as
to
rule
and
command
the
whole
Kingdom
,
and
them
:
they
alleged
that
Don
Fernando
had
no
power
to
substitute
,
or
appoint
anie
one
to
administer
the
Government
of
that
kingdom
,
in
regard
that
since
the
Catholick
Queen
's
death
,
hee
was
not
King
,
but
onely
Governor
thereof
himself
:
and
that
considering
Donnia
Iuana
would
not
undergo
the
trouble
of
the
Crown
,
according
to
the
Laws
of
that
●and
,
they
agreed
that
the
Duke
del
Infantado
▪
the
Lord
High-Counstable
,
and
the
Earl
of
Venavente
should
examine
the
Cardinal
,
by
what
autoritie
and
power
hee
took
upon
him
to
bee
Governor
of
those
kingdoms
:
Whereunto
hee
boldly
made
them
answer
,
By
the
Power
of
his
Catholick
Majestie
:
And
they
replying
,
that
the
Catholick
King
had
no
autoritie
●o
to
do
,
Bishop
Mota
,
who
(
envious
of
the
Cardinal's
power
,
and
studying
nothing
more
then
which
waie
to
eclips
his
greatness
)
perswaded
his
Majestie
to
write
to
him
in
those
terms
;
which
his
Eminence
having
perused
,
it
struck
him
into
a
high
distemper
;
and
the
violent
passion
of
his
minde
,
joined
with
the
infirmitie
of
his
bodie
,
increased
his
fever
,
in
such
manner
,
that
hee
rendred
his
soul
into
the
Creator's
hands
within
eight
daies
after
,
and
was
buried
at
Alcala
de
Henares
,
Alcala
,
anno
1517.
in
the
College
of
St
Illefonso
,
whereof
hee
was
Founder
.
After
whose
death
,
the
Arch-Bishoprick
of
Toledo
was
given
to
Guillermo
de
Croüy
,
Bishop
of
Cambray
,
and
nephew
to
Monsieur
de
Xeures
,
his
Majesties
chief
favorite
,
which
bred
no
small
discontent
amongst
the
Castillians
,
seeing
the
principal
Jewel
of
their
kingdom
bestowed
upon
a
foreigner
.
Monsieur
de
Xeures
ever
mention
it
:
And
,
it
is
not
to
bee
thought
,
that
those
Noblemen
tooke
pleasure
in
seeing
anie
stranger
advanced
above
them
in
their
own
Countrie
;
But
they
were
induced
hereunto
,
out
of
hopes
to
ingratiate
themselvs
thereby
to
the
Flemings
,
and
chiefly
to
Xeures
,
who
had
the
King's
ear
above
anie
at
that
time
.
Such
is
the
force
and
power
of
over-swaying
Ambition
,
which
so
bastardiseth
,
and
adulterate's
the
hearts
even
of
Noble-men
,
that
they
will
descend
,
or
stoop
to
anie
thing
,
Don
Carles
at
that
time
,
could
not
reckon
above
seventeen
years
and
a
half
at
most
,
from
his
Nativitie
,
which
was
a
verie
tender
age
,
to
undergo
so
weightie
a
charge
,
as
was
that
of
ruling
so
manie
,
and
so
considerable
Countries
;
especially
,
those
of
Spain
,
where
,
according
to
their
Laws
and
Customs
,
it
never
had
been
seen
,
that
a
Youth
so
young
,
and
one
that
had
been
born
and
bred
in
foreign
parts
should
sit
in
their
King's
Throne
.
Hee
understood
no
Spanish
,
neither
was
hee
acquainted
with
the
inclinations
,
and
dispositions
of
the
people
:
therefore
(
although
hee
was
verie
ingenuous
,
Christian
Prince
)
hee
could
do
no
less
then
suffer
himself
to
bee
advised
,
and
guided
by
som
of
more
mature
years
and
experience
.
And
having
been
bred
and
tutored
from
his
infancie
,
Guillermo
de
Croüy
Lord
of
Xeures
(
who
was
Duke
of
Sora
,
in
the
kingdom
of
Naples
,
and
afterwards
Duke
of
Arschot
in
Brabant
,
a
man
of
ripe
age
,
solid
Judgment
,
and
eminent
parts
answerable
to
his
birth
,
beeing
descended
of
the
illustrious
stock
of
the
Kings
of
Hungarie
,
and
recommended
to
bee
his
Governor
,
by
his
Grandfather
Maximilian
the
Emperor
)
hee
committed
himself
with
the
management
of
all
State-affairs
,
wholly
to
his
wisdom
;
and
Xeures
in
matters
concerning
Spain
,
(
beeing
a
stranger
to
that
Countrie
)
was
led
by
Maestro
Mota
,
a
Native
of
Burgos
,
Bishop
of
Badajos
,
and
som
other
Castillians
,
who
were
more
ambitious
then
virtuous
.
SECT.
VI.
AFter
the
reception
of
the
Prince
Don
Carles
in
Valladolid
,
(
which
was
most
splendid
and
magnificent
)
all
the
Procuradores
del
Reyno
,
or
the
Commissioners
of
the
Kingdom
,
were
summoned
to
assemble
in
Parlament
;
wherein
the
Castillians
were
highly
distasted
,
becaus
the
Lord
Chancellor
(
a
Fleming
)
assisted
as
President
for
his
Highness
,
and
that
other
strangers
were
admitted
to
sit
in
Parlament
;
Som
of
the
Commissioners
took
the
oath
of
Allegeance
to
his
Highness
,
Donnia
Iuana
was
living
,
(
who
was
right
heir
to
the
Crown
)
and
that
hee
first
should
swear
to
maintein
and
observ
the
fundamental
Laws
and
Customs
of
the
Kingdom
;
especially
,
that
no
Offices
,
or
places
of
Benefit
or
Trust
,
either
Ecclesiastical
or
Temporal
,
should
bee
conferred
upon
anie
,
that
were
not
Natives
of
that
Countrie
;
But
at
last
,
all
beeing
agreed
,
both
the
Grandees
and
Commissioners
of
the
kingdom
took
the
Oath
;
the
Cerimonie
was
in
this
manner
:
Adriano
,
Cardinal
of
Tortosa
,
holding
the
Evangelists
in
his
hands
,
Don
Garzia
de
Padilla
read
with
a
loud
voice
the
contents
of
the
Oath
;
which
don
,
the
Infante
Don
Fernando
swore
first
upon
the
book
,
then
went
to
kiss
the
King's
hand
;
but
the
King
refusing
to
give
his
hand
,
embraced
him
,
and
laid
his
cheek
to
his
brother's
;
After
that
the
Infante
took
his
Sister
Donnia
Leoner
by
the
hand
,
and
led
her
to
swear
,
and
afterwards
to
kiss
his
Majestie
's
hand
,
but
the
King
arose
,
and
kissed
her
cheek
,
then
they
passed
on
the
King's
right
hand
,
and
Don
Fernando
stood
close
to
his
chair
bare
headed
.
Immediately
came
the
Infante
of
Granada
,
with
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Santiago
,
the
Bishop
of
Granado
and
other
Prelates
to
take
the
Oath
;
after
them
followed
the
Grandees
,
and
Nobles
there
present
,
to
whom
the
Infante
Don
Fernando
held
the
Book
:
Don
Garzia
read
the
Oath
to
the
Nobles
,
and
likewise
to
the
Commissioners
of
the
several
Cities
;
who
having
sworn
,
went
all
to
kiss
his
Majestie
's
hand
.
After
all
which
,
the
King
swore
upon
the
same
holy
Evangelists
,
Queen
Donnia
Iuana
,
his
mother
,
to
her
perfect
health
and
abilitie
,
to
rule
her
Kingdom
,
that
hee
should
desist
from
the
Government
,
and
that
onely
shee
should
reign
;
That
in
all
Writings
,
Letters
,
Commissions
or
publick
Acts
whatsoëver
,
during
the
said
Donnia
Iuana's
life
,
her
name
should
bee
set
in
the
first
place
,
and
then
his
:
And
that
hee
should
bee
styled
onely
Prince
of
Spain
.
This
don
,
Te
Deum
laudamus
was
sung
with
great
solemnitie
,
and
varietie
of
musical
Instruments
.
The
Commissioners
of
the
Kingdom
,
beeing
all
assembled
in
Valladolid
,
made
a
very
discreet
speech
to
the
King
,
in
answer
to
that
which
the
Bishop
of
Badajos
,
and
Don
Garzia
de
Padilla
had
propounded
in
his
Majestie
's
name
,
intimating
,
that
amongst
themselvs
,
they
should
seriously
consider
,
and
weigh
those
things
which
were
important
to
the
good
preservation
and
increasing
of
those
kingdoms
.
The
Commissioners
desired
with
very
valid
and
good
reasons
,
That
his
Majestie
would
put
in
execution
the
holie
and
Catholick
Propositions
,
which
hee
had
expressed
in
favor
of
his
kingdom
,
and
the
Subjects
thereof
.
And
that
they
might
enjoie
the
fruit
of
his
so
virtuous
and
holie
desires
,
they
came
to
put
him
in
minde
,
how
,
by
a
decree
and
express
order
from
Heaven
hee
was
chosen
,
and
called
to
bee
King
,
whose
office
was
to
govern
well
,
and
to
govern
well
was
to
administer
Iustice
,
giving
to
everie
one
that
which
is
his
;
and
they
desired
that
his
chief
ends
and
intention
might
tend
thereunto
;
for
although
Kings
do
possess
divers
other
qualities
and
things
recommendable
,
as
their
linage
,
dignities
,
power
,
honor
,
riches
,
delights
,
estimation
,
&c.
none
of
all
these
make
a
King
according
to
right
,
but
onely
the
administring
of
Iustice
;
And
for
this
onely
,
and
in
the
name
thereof
the
holie
Ghost
hath
said
,
That
kings
do
reign
;
That
Iustice
and
the
ruling
therewith
,
do
require
,
that
when
the
Subjects
sleep
,
their
kings
should
watch
.
And
that
it
was
his
part
so
to
do
,
for
in
effect
hee
was
as
an
hireling
to
his
Subjects
:
for
that
caus
did
they
give
him
part
of
their
fruits
and
estates
,
and
serv
him
with
their
persons
,
if
(
need
requiring
)
it
bee
his
pleasure
to
call
them
:
That
by
a
certain
tacit
contract
the
King
is
obliged
to
do
Iustice
to
his
people
;
which
is
a
thing
of
such
excellencie
and
Dignitie
,
that
God
hath
made
it
one
of
his
own
attributes
,
calling
himself
the
Iust
Iudg
;
that
God
,
beeing
so
great
a
friend
,
and
lover
of
Iustice
,
would
likewise
bee
a
friend
to
him
that
should
bee
careful
in
preserving
and
administring
thereof
.
That
the
charge
of
him
that
is
to
judg
,
beeing
of
such
high
importance
,
hee
whom
God
hath
called
to
manage
a
Scepter
,
hath
need
of
som
assistant
;
therefore
it
is
necessarie
that
the
King
should
have
som
inferior
Ministers
,
that
may
bear
a
part
of
that
weightie
burthen
and
incessant
cares
,
which
accompanie
the
Roial
dignitie
,
the
supream
Power
still
remaining
in
his
own
hands
.
That
a
good
King
ought
to
choos
and
seek
out
such
men
for
his
Ministers
,
as
Moses
did
,
when
hee
received
a
command
from
God
to
elect
seventie
and
two
men
out
of
his
people
,
who
might
assist
him
in
the
Government
,
and
eas
him
of
a
part
of
the
care
and
troubles
,
wherewith
hee
was
surchar●●d
:
those
men
were
to
bee
wise
,
of
mature
years
,
fearing
God
,
enemies
to
Covetousness
and
all
other
passions
,
which
may
blinde
and
pervert
the
understanding
.
That
although
they
doubted
not
to
finde
all
these
perfections
in
his
highness
,
yet
they
humbly
desired
him
to
ratifie
the
ensuing
Articles
.
1.
That
the
Queen
Donnia
Iuana
,
his
mother
,
might
have
a
Court
,
and
attendants
suitable
to
the
Dignitie
of
her
person
,
as
beeing
the
Queen
and
Ladie
proprietarie
of
those
Kingdoms
:
whereunto
hee
answered
That
hee
thanked
them
,
and
assured
them
that
hee
had
nothing
in
greater
recommendation
,
then
what
concerned
that
particular
,
as
they
should
finde
by
effects
.
2.
That
hee
would
bee
pleased
to
marrie
with
what
convenient
speed
might
bee
,
it
beeing
very
requisite
for
the
good
of
the
kingdom
,
that
hee
should
leav
a
prosperous
issue
to
rule
manie
years
over
them
:
the
King
replyed
,
That
hee
would
consider
thereupon
,
and
do
that
which
shall
bee
most
conducing
to
his
honor
,
the
benefit
of
his
Kingdoms
,
and
the
succession
thereof
.
3.
That
the
Infante
Don
Fernando
might
not
go
out
of
the
kingdom
,
until
hee
were
married
,
and
had
children
:
the
king
made
answer
,
That
hee
was
not
more
careful
of
anie
thing
in
the
world
,
then
of
the
advancement
of
his
brother
,
the
Infante
,
and
that
hee
would
order
nothing
to
bee
don
concerning
his
person
,
but
what
should
bee
for
his
advantage
,
and
the
good
of
those
kingdoms
.
4.
That
hee
would
bee
pleased
to
speak
Spanish
;
for
by
practising
hee
would
the
sooner
learn
,
and
better
understand
his
Subjects
,
and
bee
understood
by
them
.
Hee
answered
,
That
hee
was
well
contented
,
and
would
strive
so
to
do
,
and
the
rather
,
becaus
they
desired
it
in
the
name
of
the
Kingdoms
:
so
,
afterwards
hee
did
speak
Spanish
with
them
and
others
.
5.
That
hee
would
not
alienate
anie
thing
from
the
Roial
Crown
,
and
if
anie
should
desire
Iustice
of
him
for
their
grievances
,
that
hee
would
give
order
to
have
it
don
them
.
Hee
answered
,
That
hee
would
do
therein
according
to
his
Oath
,
and
would
redress
all
those
that
came
to
complain
.
6.
That
whatsoêver
the
Catholick
King
and
Don
Philip
,
his
father
,
had
given
away
by
waie
of
Dowrie
or
Legacie
,
hee
would
command
to
bee
fulfilled
,
for
the
repose
and
discharging
of
their
consciences
:
Hee
answered
That
hee
would
;
provided
,
that
it
might
bee
don
without
prejudice
to
the
Roial
Patrimonie
.
Sixtie
seven
more
Articles
they
propounded
,
which
,
becaus
they
are
more
at
large
specified
hereafter
,
I
shall
forbear
to
trouble
the
Reader
with
them
in
this
place
;
His
Majestie
gave
so
gracious
an
answer
to
them
all
,
(
thanking
the
Com●issioners
in
a
very
courteous
manner
)
that
they
remained
very
well
apayed
and
satisfied
.
The
Subsidie
which
they
granted
him
in
this
first
Parlament
(
according
to
Fray
Antonio
de
Guevara's
relation
)
was
one
hundred
and
fiftie
millions
of
Marauediz
;
Turnam●nt
Royal
in
the
chief
market
place
of
Valladolid
,
five
and
twentie
against
five
and
twentie
;
Som
Spaniards
,
and
som
Flemish
Noblemen
,
who
strove
to
out-view
each
other
,
aswell
in
the
ric●ne●s
of
their
habits
and
liv●ries
,
as
in
feats
of
arms
;
Seven
of
them
were
killed
,
and
som
hurt
;
therefore
it
was
commonly
said
,
That
for
a
Combat
in
earnest
the
loss
was
not
great
,
but
,
for
a
jest
it
was
too
much
.
After
this
solemnitie
,
which
●ontinued
certain
daies
,
the
King
having
visited
his
mo●her
,
Donnia
Iuana
,
and
the
Queen
Germana
,
leaving
all
things
in
good
order
in
Castillia
,
departed
●ith
his
Court
for
Aragon
,
taking
his
sister
,
Donnia
Leonor
,
and
the
Queen
Germana
with
him
.
Hee
made
the
town
of
Aranda
in
his
waie
,
whither
his
brother
,
Infante
Don
Fernando
,
was
returned
with
small
contentment
,
becaus
they
made
such
haste
to
pack
him
out
of
Spain
.
There
the
King
remained
som
few
daies
,
during
which
time
,
the
Infante
was
dispatched
for
Fland●rs
,
as
was
before
determined
;
for
the
Ki●g
(
●ot
beeing
yet
arrived
in
Castillia
,
som
men
of
note
about
the
In●ante's
person
,
put
thoughts
into
his
head
of
succeeding
his
grandfather
in
the
Crown
;
and
it
was
greatly
to
bee
fea●ed
that
the
Cas●illians
w●uld
have
declared
for
him
,
to
the
prejudice
of
Don
Carles
,
hee
beeing
of
their
Countrie
,
and
his
brother
a
Fleming
:
besides
,
his
name
,
Fernando
was
enough
to
gain
him
the
affection
and
hearts
of
all
Spain
,
for
his
Grandfat●ers
sake
,
whose
memorie
was
held
in
great
honor
and
adoration
amongst
them
;
But
God
disposed
it
otherwise
for
the
good
and
quiet
of
those
Kingdoms
.
Don
Fernando
beeing
fitted
with
attendants
,
and
all
necessaries
for
his
voiage
,
the
King
continued
his
progress
into
Aragon
,
Infante
Don
Fernando
,
Italie
,
Flanders
,
and
Germanie
.
SECT.
VII
.
THe
King
having
been
som
daies
at
Saragosa
,
the
Parlament
began
,
which
continued
so
long
,
that
hee
was
forc'd
to
remain
there
eight
moneths
;
there
the
grand
Chancellor
dyed
,
not
much
lamented
by
the
Spaniards
,
who
abhorred
the
verie
memorie
of
him
,
and
hee
cared
more
for
his
gold
then
for
their
favor
or
displeasure
.
This
Monsieur
de
Laxao
left
a
very
bad
name
behinde
him
;
in
his
place
,
by
his
Majestie
's
command
,
Mercurino
de
Gatinara
,
a
man
of
singular
wisdom
and
learning
,
a
friend
to
Iustice
and
Equitie
,
and
a
great
Iurisconsult
.
The
Grandees
of
the
Kingdom
of
Aragon
beeing
assembled
in
the
Arch-Bishop's
Palace
,
who
was
unckle
to
the
King
,
they
desired
him
to
let
them
understand
his
pleasure
,
for
they
were
very
willing
and
desirous
to
serv
him
,
as
they
had
don
his
Predecessors
,
but
conditionally
,
that
they
might
enjoie
the
antient
Customs
and
Privileges
of
the
Kingdom
;
the
King
answered
,
they
should
;
But
considering
the
indisposition
of
the
Queen
,
his
mother
,
hee
willed
and
required
them
to
acknowlegd
him
their
King
,
as
those
of
Castillia
had
don
.
Whereunto
the
Iurados
,
or
Iurates
,
in
the
name
of
the
kingdom
,
Infante
Don
Fernando
Prince
of
Spain
,
the
same
daie
,
as
they
should
swear
him
King
;
not
that
the
Infante
should
remain
Prince
,
and
heir
to
the
Crown
,
but
onely
until
such
time
as
hee
should
bee
married
and
God
should
bless
him
with
som
hopeful
issue
to
succeed
him
,
whereunto
,
if
his
Highness
would
not
consent
,
they
would
swear
him
Executor
,
and
Administrator
of
the
Queen
,
his
mother's
estate
:
and
if
hee
would
not
condescend
to
this
,
they
told
him
in
plain
terms
,
that
they
had
no
leav
nor
power
to
do
otherwise
,
and
although
they
had
,
they
would
not
put
it
in
execution
;
for
that
would
much
prejudice
,
and
damnifie
their
exemptions
.
The
King
was
much
displeased
at
their
peremptoriness
,
and
answered
them
not
one
syllable
:
the
Grandees
of
Castillia
beeing
present
,
grew
out
of
patience
at
the
Aragoneses
sawciness
,
and
the
Earl
of
Venavente
told
the
King
openly
,
that
,
if
his
Majestie
would
take
his
Counsel
,
hee
should
make
them
com
under
the
yoke
,
that
hee
would
venter
his
life
and
fortune
,
to
serv
him
in
that
design
;
that
his
Majestie
's
onely
waie
was
,
Donnia
Iuana
the
Queen
,
his
mother
,
as
had
been
don
in
Castillia
.
SECT.
VIII
.
IN
the
beginning
of
the
year
1519
,
Don
Carles
,
for
the
succession
to
the
Imperial
Crown
,
and
left
no
waie
unattempted
to
corrupt
the
El●ctors
,
and
make
them
of
his
partie
.
But
the
major
part
,
after
manie
,
long
,
and
serious
debates
,
thinking
it
more
fit
to
continue
that
Dignitie
to
the
Hous
of
Austria
(
who
were
Natives
of
that
Countrie
)
then
to
transfer
it
upon
a
strange
Prince
,
made
the
election
in
favor
of
Don
Carles
,
Alberto
Archbishop
of
Maguncia
,
or
M●ntz
,
Hertnao
Archbishop
of
Colonia
,
Ricardo
Archbishop
of
Tr●ues
,
Frederico
Duke
of
Saxonia
,
Lewis
King
of
Bohemia
,
and
Hungaria
,
Ioachim
Marquis
of
Brandeburg
,
Lewis
Count
Palatine
of
the
Rhyne
.
The
Election
beeing
past
in
Franckfort
,
and
published
all
over
Germanie
,
the
Electors
sent
Frederick
Duke
of
Baviers
into
Spain
,
to
his
Majestie
;
in
mean
time
,
they
ordered
all
matters
concerning
the
Empire
,
and
made
Casimire
of
Brandeburg
Captain
General
of
the
Imperial
forces
,
until
the
new
Emperor
should
com
to
receiv
his
Crown
.
Whilst
these
things
passed
in
Germanie
,
the
King
celebrated
in
Barcelona
,
the
feast
of
the
Order
of
the
golden
Fleece
;
there
the
Lord
high
Counstable
of
Castillia
,
Don
Innigo
de
Velasco
,
Don
Iadrique
de
Toledo
Duke
of
Alva
,
Don
Alvaro
de
Zunniga
Duke
of
Vejar
,
Don
Fadrique
Enriquez
Lord
Admiral
of
Castilla
,
Don
Estavan
Alvarez
Cesorio
Marquis
of
Astorga
,
received
the
Order
:
g●lden
Fle●ce
.
But
the
Earl
of
Venavente
refused
it
,
saying
,
that
hee
was
a
right
Castillian
,
and
cared
not
for
anie
badges
of
foreign
honor
,
those
of
his
own
Count●ie
beeing
as
good
,
and
in
his
opinion
far
better
The
Duke
of
Cordona
in
the
Kingdom
of
A●agon
,
and
the
Prince
of
Bis●●gnano
,
a
Neapolit●ne
,
stood
not
upon
those
nice
tearms
,
but
accepted
the
Order
as
a
particular
favor
from
his
Majestie
.
About
the
same
time
,
the
Queen
Germana
(
finding
more
contentment
in
the
Companie
of
a
Husband
,
then
in
the
solitarie
condition
of
a
widow
,
)
was
married
with
great
solemnitie
,
to
the
Marquis
of
Brandeburg
,
brother
to
the
Elector
,
who
(
though
of
a
very
illustrious
extraction
)
was
so
incomparably
inferior
to
the
Majestie
and
greatness
of
her
former
husband
Don
Fernando
,
that
her
judgment
was
much
censured
for
her
chois
,
and
the
Courtiers
thought
so
slightly
of
her
,
that
divers
would
not
give
her
the
style
of
Highness
,
until
his
Majestie
commanded
it
(
who
assisted
personally
at
the
solemnitie
,
thinking
thereby
to
endeer
th●
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
the
more
to
vote
in
his
behalf
.
)
At
the
beginning
of
Julie
,
in
the
same
year
,
arrived
at
Barcelona
,
Frederick
Duke
of
Baviers
,
brother
to
Lewis
Duke
of
Baviers
,
Elector
and
Count
Palatine
,
with
the
dispatches
from
the
Electors
;
and
having
delivered
his
embassage
,
the
Chancellor
Mercurino
de
Gatinara
answered
,
that
his
Majestie
did
receiv
very
willingly
the
●lection
of
the
Empire
,
which
the
seven
Princes
Electors
had
conferred
upon
him
,
that
hee
would
take
that
weightie
and
honorable
care
upon
himself
,
out
of
the
great
affection
which
hee
bore
his
native
Countrie
,
and
that
hee
would
endeavor
with
all
convenient
speed
,
to
settle
his
affairs
in
Spain
,
and
make
a
voiage
into
Germanie
:
Thus
the
Empire
beeing
setled
upon
Don
Carles
of
Spain
,
and
the
King
of
France
deprived
of
all
his
hopes
(
notwithstanding
the
vast
summs
of
monie
and
presents
,
wherewith
hee
thought
to
purchase
the
Elector's
Votes
)
his
envie
and
choler
grew
beyond
the
bounds
of
moderation
,
and
hee
resolved
forthwith
to
act
what
mischief
hee
could
,
and
interess
the
power
of
all
other
Princes
,
his
Allies
,
against
the
Emperor
Elect.
SECT.
IX
.
WHilest
the
King
,
or
Emperor
Elect
was
at
Barcelona
,
hee
demanded
the
Catalanes
to
receiv
,
Cardinal
Adriano
to
Valencia
,
to
pacifie
that
Kingdom
,
and
gave
Commission
to
the
Infante
Don
Enrique
,
and
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Saragosa
(
both
his
Unckles
)
to
call
a
Parlament
in
his
name
,
ordering
that
the
monie
which
should
bee
granted
him
therein
,
by
waie
of
Subsedie
,
should
bee
all
distributed
amongst
the
aggrieved
,
and
needie
of
the
Kingdom
.
Don
Alonsa
de
Cordona
Admiral
of
Aragon
,
and
the
Duke
of
Gandia
,
with
several
other
persons
of
account
,
gave
their
Votes
to
acknowledg
,
and
swear
his
Majestie
their
King
▪
But
the
rest
told
the
Cardinal
Adriano
,
and
wrote
besides
to
the
Emperor
,
that
they
would
lose
their
wives
,
Children
,
and
Estates
,
rather
then
the
Liberties
and
Privileges
of
their
Countrie
;
whereat
the
Cardinal
much
displeased
,
returned
to
Court
,
leaving
the
Citie
of
Valencia
in
great
distraction
;
the
out-rages
and
disorders
whereof
,
shall
bee
hereafter
more
at
large
related
.
SECT.
X.
IT
was
agreed
,
and
his
Majestie
toke
Oath
in
the
Parlament
,
at
Valladolid
,
That
no
Offices
should
bee
given
to
strangers
,
nor
the
kingdom
surcharged
with
new
Impositions
,
but
should
continue
in
the
same
manner
,
as
was
ordered
by
the
Catholick
King
,
at
a
Parlament
,
which
hee
called
in
Burgos
;
Yet
there
was
nothing
less
observed
,
or
wors
kept
then
these
Articles
;
for
the
treasure
of
the
kingdom
was
publickly
exhausted
,
and
Offices
were
daily
given
to
the
Flemings
,
who
sold
them
to
those
that
would
give
most
monie
,
and
likewise
divers
spiritual
livings
were
so
bestowed
;
which
the
Castillians
seeing
,
and
taking
notice
,
how
small
account
was
made
of
the
Grandees
,
and
Nobles
,
Natives
of
that
Countrie
,
they
began
to
bee
distasted
,
and
muttered
out
manie
things
in
a
discontented
manner
,
which
ought
not
to
bee
rehearsed
.
These
murmurings
began
from
the
time
of
his
Majestie
's
departure
,
from
Valladolid
to
Aragon
,
which
was
in
March
1518.
And
beeing
in
Barcelona
,
som
troubles
arose
about
Segovia
,
and
Avila
,
by
reason
of
certain
persons
,
that
had
farmed
the
Customs
,
and
Roial
Revenues
,
which
enhaunced
the
charges
of
the
Countrie
;
whereat
those
Cities
much
aggrieved
,
the
contrarie
having
been
promised
by
the
Emperor
Elect
in
Parlament
;
They
acquainted
the
Citie
of
Toledo
with
their
grievances
,
and
desired
,
that
all
the
Cities
of
the
kingdom
should
make
a
joint-complaint
thereof
to
his
Majestie
,
and
appoint
their
Commissioners
to
importune
him
for
a
redress
,
desiring
him
to
stand
to
the
Ordinances
of
Parlament
,
made
in
Valladolid
,
and
to
grant
what
hee
then
refused
;
moreover
,
that
hee
would
visit
the
whole
Kingdom
before
his
departure
into
Germanie
.
Whereunto
the
Lord
Chancellor
,
in
his
Majestie
's
name
,
made
answer
,
That
hee
would
very
speedily
send
an
Express
,
to
give
the
Citie
of
Toledo
thanks
for
their
expressions
of
fidelitie
to
him
,
and
satisfie
them
more
fully
▪
But
the
Empire
beeing
without
Head
,
hee
could
not
defer
his
going
thither
to
receiv
the
Crown
,
and
settle
the
Government
;
which
don
,
hee
would
make
all
convenient
haste
back
again
,
into
that
Kingdom
of
Castillia
,
whose
good
hee
tendered
in
a
very
particular
manner
.
The
Commissioners
beeing
answered
,
the
Chapter
of
Toledo
(
as
beeing
the
Chief
of
the
Kingdom
)
presented
their
grievances
to
his
Majestie
,
concerning
the
Tenth
,
which
the
Pope
had
granted
to
him
,
through
all
the
Churches
of
the
Kingdom
,
complaining
that
it
was
a
new
,
heavie
,
and
intolerable
tax
,
and
not
onely
grievous
to
the
Ecclesiasticks
,
but
prejudicial
to
all
his
kingdoms
;
That
in
former
times
,
when
the
said
Kingdoms
were
over-run
by
Moors
and
Infidels
,
although
there
were
manie
,
and
bloudie
wars
,
which
continued
until
the
blessed
reigns
of
the
Catholick
,
King
Don
Fernando
,
and
Donnia
Isabel
,
of
glorious
memorie
,
his
Gr●ndfather
and
Grandmother
,
who
conquered
the
Kingdom
of
Granada
,
and
extirpated
the
Moorish
race
,
which
wars
were
very
necessarie
,
and
of
extraordinarie
expence
;
yet
there
were
no
Tenths
raised
,
nor
demanded
;
It
beeing
an
unheard
of
thing
,
and
a
request
as
unjust
as
insupportable
,
much
less
reason
had
his
Majestie
to
require
anie
such
thing
of
the
Clergie
,
his
case
beeing
far
different
,
and
his
wars
nothing
so
important
.
That
hee
should
rather
encourage
the
Clergie
,
to
praie
for
his
good
success
,
then
diminish
anie
thing
from
their
subsistence
;
Praiers
beeing
of
more
avail
,
then
anie
Martial
Discipline
,
as
appears
by
the
holie
Scriptures
;
wherein
it
is
read
,
that
the
victorie
is
more
certainly
obteined
by
the
praiers
of
devout
Priests
,
then
by
the
force
of
Horsmen
and
Arms.
But
if
his
Majestie
's
temporal
Revenue
was
not
sufficient
to
maintein
a
just
war
,
in
such
case
,
hee
might
demand
assistance
of
the
Church-men
,
as
far
forth
as
the
present
necessitie
did
require
;
wherein
they
would
willingly
supplie
his
Majestie
,
making
Levies
amongst
themselvs
,
and
rather
abate
their
own
subsistence
,
then
suffer
him
to
bee
disfurnished
,
which
they
should
not
bee
able
to
do
,
if
his
Majestie
in
the
verie
beginning
would
exact
a
Tenth
from
them
.
Divers
other
reasons
they
alleged
in
their
Petition
to
his
Majestie
,
whereunto
there
was
no
time
to
give
answer
.
SECT.
XI
.
MEan
time
the
Emperor
Maxmilian
beeing
dead
,
and
Charls
the
Fift
beeing
long
before
hee
went
thither
,
to
to
take
possession
,
the
People
of
Austria
having
lost
all
fear
,
and
respect
of
autoritie
,
fell
into
the
greatest
disorder
and
mutinie
that
had
been
,
Finis
Libri
Primi
.
THE
SECOND
BOOK
.
SECT.
I.
IN
this
and
the
following
Books
,
I
am
to
relate
the
the
Insurrections
or
rising
of
the
People
(
commonly
called
Communidades
,
or
Communalties
)
which
continued
in
Spain
,
from
the
year
1519
to
1522.
A
Subject
,
truly
,
very
sad
and
unpleasant
,
and
which
I
would
willingly
pass
under
silence
,
becaus
som
Illustrious
Families
,
Noble
Cities
,
and
principal
Towns
of
the
Kingdom
were
interessed
therein
,
which
never
had
been
disobedient
to
their
Kings
,
but
alwaies
esteemed
for
their
loialtie
.
Neither
do
I
conceiv
that
they
thought
anie
waie
to
disserv
his
Majestie
,
but
rather
to
releas
him
out
of
that
oppression
(
as
I
may
term
it
)
in
which
his
Favorites
held
him
.
And
,
it
is
manifest
,
in
that
they
so
earnestly
importuned
and
petitioned
,
that
their
King
would
not
go
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
that
they
desired
,
and
delighted
to
see
,
and
enjoie
his
Roial
presence
;
which
was
no
sign
,
that
they
intended
to
do
him
anie
disservice
:
It
will
appear
more
evidently
in
the
Progress
of
this
Historie
,
and
by
the
letters
which
passed
between
them
,
whereof
som
I
have
set
down
in
the
same
manner
,
as
they
were
written
in
the
originals
,
becaus
the
particularitie
of
the
Historie
doth
require
it
,
in
a
matter
of
such
weight
and
danger
.
And
since
the
Loialtie
of
Spain
come's
in
question
,
who
have
alwaies
had
their
Princes
in
so
high
a
reverence
,
that
they
honored
and
respected
their
verie
Statues
and
pictures
,
as
if
they
had
been
their
Sovereign's
,
whom
they
represented
:
I
will
,
before
I
go
anie
further
▪
declare
the
ground
and
reasons
,
upon
which
the
Castillians
founded
their
complaints
and
grievances
,
as
I
have
gathered
them
from
those
who
were
eie-witnesses
,
and
have
penn'd
all
the
several
passages
,
with
much
discretion
,
respect
,
fear
of
God
,
and
with
a
minde
free
from
partialitie
.
SECT.
II.
THe
familiaritie
of
Monsieur
de
Xeures
with
the
King
was
so
great
,
that
hee
rather
seemed
to
bee
the
King
,
and
the
King
his
Son
,
then
to
bee
Xeures
his
Vassal
and
Creature
,
as
hee
was
.
There
was
no
access
,
nor
speaking
with
the
King
,
but
when
Xeures
pleased
:
if
anie
thing
succceded
well
,
Xeures
assumed
the
glorie
to
himself
,
giving
out
that
hee
had
don
it
;
if
ill
,
hee
alwaies
laid
the
fault
upon
the
King
,
saying
,
The
King
would
have
it
so
.
And
,
indeed
,
this
was
the
first
occasion
that
begat
the
innocent
Prince
the
ill
will
of
his
People
.
I
have
seen
a
memorial
of
these
Passages
,
which
a
Gentleman
(
one
of
the
King
's
Domestick
servants
)
wrote
,
and
averreth
to
have
been
an
eie-witness
of
them
.
Hee
report's
,
that
while
the
King
was
yet
in
his
minoritie
,
and
unacquainted
with
State-affairs
,
Xeures
would
suffer
no
bodie
to
speak
with
him
,
unless
hee
were
first
informed
of
the
business
,
that
so
hee
might
put
into
the
King's
mouth
,
what
hee
would
have
him
to
answer
;
and
if
anie
refused
to
impart
their
business
to
him
,
they
were
so
far
from
having
audience
,
that
hee
would
not
suffer
them
to
enter
into
his
Majestie
's
presence
;
Thus
did
hee
deal
with
those
that
were
sent
from
Toledo
,
and
divers
other
Cities
.
Indeed
,
at
that
time
all
the
Castillians
were
very
much
discountenanced
,
and
not
treated
as
their's
and
their
Predecessor's
services
had
deserved
.
The
Flemings
perceived
the
mindes
of
the
Spaniards
disposed
for
all
mischief
;
much
ambition
,
and
little
friendship
beeing
amongst
them
:
for
som
devoted
themsel●s
particularly
to
King
Ferdinand
the
Catholick
,
others
to
King
Philip
the
Fair.
These
were
kindes
of
Factions
,
wherewith
were
possessed
for
som
daies
the
mindes
of
manie
People
.
Mercurino
Gatinara
Lord
high
Chancellor
was
second
in
the
Emperor's
favor
,
and
as
the
Autoritie
and
familiaritie
with
Princes
admit
of
no
Competitor
,
Xeures
and
this
Chancellor
could
not
endure
each
other
:
they
both
presumed
so
much
,
that
each
of
them
would
command
alone
,
and
ambitioned
a
Power
above
the
other
;
these
made
themselvs
the
Heads
of
those
two
Factions
,
and
added
more
poison
to
their
malice
and
discontents
.
Xeures
favored
those
of
Ferdinando
:
and
the
Chancellor
sided
with
those
of
Don
Philip's
Partie
.
And
all
was
ill
(
as
the
Proverb
saie's
)
for
the
poor
Pitcher
;
for
the
distressed
Countrie
of
Spain
had
all
the
sufferings
.
Xeures
was
so
corrupt
and
covetous
,
that
he
sold
all
the
King's
Favors
,
Offices
,
Bishopricks
,
Honors
,
and
whatsoëver
hee
conceived
would
yield
him
money
.
The
Chancellor
did
the
like
with
all
Iustice-ships
and
other
Offices
;
so
that
secluded
Iustice
was
enforc'd
to
give
up
her
Seat
,
and
Sword
to
the
Tyrannie
of
over-ruling
Avarice
;
onely
monie
then
bore
the
swaie
;
no
Right
,
no
Equitie
was
able
to
counterpoiz
the
weight
of
Gold
;
all
things
and
places
(
as
in
the
times
of
Catiline
at
Rome
)
were
then
put
to
sale
:
The
Flemings
were
much
encouraged
with
this
fine
gold
,
and
Ingots
of
pure
Silver
,
that
came
from
the
Indies
;
and
the
simple
Spaniards
so
blinde
,
in
giving
it
for
their
pretensions
,
that
it
became
as
common
,
as
a
Proverb
,
for
a
Fleming
to
call
a
Spaniard
,
My
Indian
.
And
,
indeed
,
it
was
not
improper
,
for
the
Indians
never
gave
so
much
gold
to
the
Spaniards
,
as
the
Spaniards
did
to
the
Flemings
:
this
in
time
grew
to
such
a
pass
,
that
it
was
publickly
sung
along
the
streets
,
Double
Pistol
,
it
's
well
for
thee
,
That
from
Xeures
thou
art
free
.
It
is
reported
that
a
certain
Pretendent
,
or
Petitioner
who
had
presented
Xeures
with
a
very
handsom
Mule
,
and
hee
beeing
asked
by
another
Gentleman
,
where
hee
had
gotten
that
curious
beast
,
answered
,
That
hee
knew
not
who
had
given
it
him
;
beeing
within
hearing
,
and
very
much
aggrieved
to
see
himself
so
soon
forgotten
,
and
the
business
hee
had
communicated
to
Xeures
so
neglected
,
give
's
forthwith
order
to
have
his
Mule
cried
,
declaring
all
his
marks
,
and
describing
the
furniture
hee
had
bestowed
on
him
;
which
the
same
Gentleman
hearing
of
,
went
presently
,
and
told
Xeures
,
that
according
to
the
marks
,
it
must
needs
bee
that
this
Mule
had
been
stolen
;
Thus
the
poor
Petitioner
recovered
what
hee
had
given
him
,
and
lost
not
all
,
as
most
men
do
in
such
occurrences
:
for
there
is
no
memorie
so
weak
,
as
that
of
a
covetous
man
in
Power
,
who
digest's
gold
with
more
facililitie
,
then
Estriches
do
Iron
.
SECT
▪
III.
THere
was
no
monie
to
bee
got
in
the
whole
Kingdom
,
but
pieces
of
nine
Marauediz
,
which
is
three
half-pence
English
,
for
all
better
coins
Xeures
had
transported
▪
What
shall
I
saie
?
Besides
that
which
was
ship't
for
Flanders
from
Barcelona
,
beeing
750
Millions
;
from
the
Groyne
,
950
Millions
;
and
from
other
parts
,
800
Millions
;
so
that
it
exceeded
the
number
of
twentie
five
hundred
millions
;
which
was
enough
to
make
him
equal
to
the
most
powerful
and
richest
King
.
But
consider
in
what
condition
did
poor
Castillia
remain
after
such
a
dreining
.
Besides
all
this
,
the
Flemings
held
the
●paniards
in
so
mean
esteem
,
that
they
insulted
over
them
as
if
they
had
been
their
slaves
,
or
rather
beasts
;
they
would
break
open
their
houses
at
their
pleasures
,
abuse
their
wives
in
their
own
presence
,
carrie
away
their
goods
,
and
no
Justice
to
bee
had
against
them
.
It
hapned
that
a
Castillian
having
killed
a
Fleming
at
Valladolid
,
took
Sanctuare
in
St
Marie
Magdalen's
Church
;
Som
Flemings
violently
breaking
in
upon
him
,
and
stabbing
him
in
divers
places
,
there
made
him
a
sad
sacrifice
to
their
revengeful
furie
;
which
don
,
they
went
cleer
away
unchastiled
,
unquestioned
;
That
which
bred
the
People's
greatest
dislike
of
their
King
,
was
,
that
they
could
not
bee
admitted
into
his
Presence
,
treat
with
him
,
nor
●o
much
as
know
him
:
For
X●u●es
would
suffer
no
bodie
to
speak
with
him
;
if
at
anie
time
hee
did
give
audience
,
Xeures
would
still
bee
at
his
elbow
,
and
in
regard
hee
did
not
throughly
understand
the
Spanish
Tongue
,
hee
seemed
as
if
hee
had
not
been
spoken
to
.
This
gave
the
rise
of
the
People's
general
ill
opinion
of
him
:
They
presently
spake
him
a
man
of
a
weak
apprehension
,
and
of
an
ill
disposition
,
they
call'd
him
Dutchman
,
and
an
Enemie
to
Spaniards
;
They
said
,
hee
wanted
Judgment
as
well
as
years
,
neither
was
hee
of
a
Talent
fit
to
govern
:
by
these
prejudicial
Censures
of
their
Prince
,
which
were
for
som
time
generally
noised
abroad
amongst
the
People
,
likening
him
to
his
Mother
:
Som
that
never
had
seen
him
,
said
,
It
could
not
bee
otherwise
;
and
that
,
for
that
respect
onely
,
Xeures
would
suffer
no
bodie
els
to
confer
with
him
,
lest
hee
should
too
much
discover
his
own
imperfections
.
Others
that
had
been
admitted
to
speak
with
him
,
much
vindicated
his
honor
in
that
particular
,
protesting
,
That
they
found
him
verie
discreet
,
and
of
no
mean
capacitie
;
That
hee
was
no
way
guiltie
of
those
pretended
weaknesses
,
but
his
Favorites
infinitely
to
bee
condemn'd
;
neither
was
it
to
bee
wondered
at
,
if
hee
suffered
himself
to
bee
governed
by
them
,
in
regard
hee
was
but
a
youth
,
and
unacquainted
with
the
Customs
of
that
Countrie
,
and
the
dispositions
of
the
People
.
Those
that
have
near
relations
about
the
Persons
of
Kings
,
ought
to
bee
verie
careful
and
circumspect
,
how
to
avoid
the
occasions
of
Murmurings
and
Envie
,
considering
,
that
Kings
are
like
that
Sun
which
diffuseth
his
light
to
all
.
SECT.
IIII.
THe
whole
Countrie
of
Castillia
was
imbrued
with
these
factious
discourses
,
before
they
ever
thought
of
the
departure
of
their
King
and
Emperor
,
as
will
appear
by
the
Letters
,
which
were
interchangeably
sent
from
Citie
to
Citie
.
But
when
they
heard
of
his
resolution
to
bee
gon
,
and
that
his
calling
of
a
Parlament
would
en●reas
their
Contributions
and
Taxes
,
they
out-stript
the
bounds
of
patience
.
The
principal
Causses
of
their
Commotions
were
these
three
ensuing
:
First
,
to
see
the
King
go
out
of
that
Kingdom
,
beeing
alwaies
accustomed
to
keep
their
Courts
in
Spain
;
for
when
King
Alonso
the
Wise
deserted
it
,
out
of
an
ambitious
covetousness
of
possessing
th'
Imperial
Scepter
,
hee
not
onely
lost
that
Kingdom
,
but
was
incumbred
with
insurrections
,
not
of
the
Common
people
,
but
of
Kings
and
Princes
,
th●t
levied
arms
against
him
.
Their
second
grievance
was
,
To
see
all
Offices
,
and
places
of
Honor
,
Trust
,
or
Profit
,
conferred
upon
strangers
.
The
third
was
an
universal
crying
out
,
That
the
Treasure
of
Spain
was
all
transported
into
foreign
Nations
.
And
wee
may
add
for
a
fourth
Reason
,
That
in
that
verie
occurrence
,
som
evil
Star
dispersed
the
malignitie
of
it's
influence
over
all
Castillia
,
Sardinia
,
Sicilia
and
Austria
,
which
at
one
instant
were
all
infected
with
the
same
poison
,
as
if
they
had
all
conspired
and
agreed
together
.
This
they
made
the
ground
of
their
insurrections
;
becaus
their
King
left
them
to
live
in
a
strange
Countrie
;
becaus
their
wealth
was
exhausted
,
and
their
Countrie
impoverished
,
to
inrich
foreigners
;
and
becaus
the
high
Treasurer-ship
was
given
to
Xeures
,
and
the
Arch-Bishoprick
of
Toledo
to
William
de
Croy
,
his
Nephew
,
and
all
presentations
to
spiritual
preferments
,
and
other
Offices
to
strangers
;
But
that
which
they
chiefly
resented
was
the
King's
going
to
the
Empire
,
and
had
they
really
wished
him
ill
in
his
own
person
,
they
would
not
have
been
so
sensible
of
his
departure
.
I
cannot
let
pass
with
silence
the
audacitie
of
a
certain
gentleman
of
those
parts
,
named
,
The
Martial
Don
Pedro
,
who
refused
to
swear
Alleageance
to
Charls
,
as
King
,
alledging
,
that
in
regard
hee
was
not
born
in
Spain
,
nor
descended
from
the
blood
of
the
Castillian
Kings
,
by
the
Father's
side
,
hee
was
not
obliged
to
acknowledg
him
,
Martial
Don
Pedro
refuseth
the
Oath
of
Al●g●ance
.
but
,
like
a
true
Castillian
,
to
keep
strictly
that
Oath
,
and
Loialtie
to
his
Countrie
,
and
the
precedent
Kings
.
Upon
which
words
hee
was
apprehended
,
his
goods
confiscate
,
and
his
person
committed
close
prisoner
in
the
Castle
of
Atienza
.
The
Emperor
after
this
coming
to
Valladolid
,
sent
for
him
,
and
promised
him
,
that
if
hee
would
yet
take
the
Oath
,
hee
should
not
onely
bee
enlarged
,
but
bee
restored
to
the
quiet
possession
of
his
whole
estate
,
as
formerly
,
which
favor
beeing
refused
,
hee
was
thence
carried
to
the
Castle
of
Simancas
,
where
hee
ended
his
life
through
his
own
indiscreet
obstinacie
.
Som
men
through
a
desperate
fool-hardiness
think
it
a
piece
of
courage
and
gallantrie
to
precipitate
themselvs
into
the
most
eminent
dangers
.
SECT.
V.
THe
Citie
of
Toledo
(
extremely
discontented
at
these
Passages
,
especially
,
at
the
Emperor's
going
away
without
beeing
known
or
seen
)
wrote
to
the
other
Cities
of
Castillia
this
ensuing
Letter
.
A
Letter
from
Toledo
to
the
Cities
of
CASTILLIA
.
Worshipful
,
Noble
,
and
most
Virtuous
Sirs
!
IN
regard
somtimes
wee
have
written
to
you
in
particular
,
you
may
wonder
why
wee
now
write
to
you
all
in
general
:
But
considering
the
imminent
necessitie
that
there
is
in
this
case
,
and
the
danger
that
may
ensue
by
deferring
anie
longer
;
wee
shall
rather
bee
condemn'd
as
beeing
too
slack
for
not
doing
it
before
,
then
thought
importunate
for
doing
it
now
.
You
know
,
and
may
remember
,
how
vehemently
King
Charls
our
Soeverign
Lord's
arrival
in
Spain
was
desired
of
all
,
and
how
sudden
is
his
departure
from
us
;
his
absence
now
is
no
less
torment
to
Us
,
then
his
Presence
at
that
time
afforded
us
delight
and
comfort
;
the
long
continuance
of
his
Roial
Person
in
the
Kingdom
of
Aragon
,
and
the
small
time
hee
hath
vouchsafed
to
reside
in
this
our
kingdom
of
Castillia
,
hath
been
a
great
occasion
that
the
affairs
of
this
kingdom
are
yet
in
so
unsettled
a
condition
:
And
if
his
Majestie
doth
go
away
,
as
hee
hath
determined
,
the
longer
wee
delaie
,
the
wors
our
case
will
bee
.
Therefore
(
Sirs
!
)
our
opinion
is
,
if
you
think
good
,
since
the
damage
is
universal
,
That
't
were
convenient
,
that
wee
should
all
meet
and
consult
upon
a
remedie
;
the
business
is
of
no
small
moment
,
besides
,
in
manie
other
particular
things
(
Sirs
!
)
wee
finde
an
extreme
necessitie
of
your
advise
,
and
after
your
advise
wee
shall
have
as
much
need
of
your
favor
,
and
helping
hands
.
Wee
finde
three
principal
things
that
require
our
convening
,
that
wee
may
advise
upon
som
good
cours
for
the
expedition
of
them
;
It
will
bee
needful
that
wee
dispatch
som
messengers
to
his
Majestie
,
humbly
beseeching
him
,
First
not
to
depart
Spain
;
Secondly
,
that
hee
would
by
no
means
permit
our
Treasure
to
bee
transported
hence
;
Thirdly
,
that
no
strangers
may
bear
office
in
this
kingdom
.
Sirs
,
wee
beg
thus
much
favor
of
you
,
that
having
read
our
Letter
,
you
forthwith
send
us
your
answer
;
for
it
is
necessarie
,
that
those
who
are
to
carrie
our
Messages
should
go
together
,
and
make
their
Propositions
all
at
once
;
for
our
demands
beeing
in
the
names
of
the
whole
kingdom
,
wee
shall
obtain
a
more
significant
and
speedie
Answer
.
God
keep
his
Majestie
,
and
preserv
his
Noble
Person
.
From
Toledo
this
7th
November
,
1519.
The
contents
of
this
short
Letter
were
much
approved
of
by
the
Readers
;
but
in
that
Occurrence
of
time
they
were
of
dangerous
consequence
,
for
the
ill
managing
of
the
affairs
of
Castillia
was
generally
much
resented
,
and
this
Letter
bred
no
mean
varietie
of
thoughts
in
the
alreadie
wounded
hearts
of
the
suffering
People
;
it
did
this
mischief
,
that
all
men
suspecting
wors
evils
,
unanimously
said
,
Since
Toledo
lift's
up
the
hand
,
som
great
disaster
must
befal
this
Kingdom
.
They
all
returned
their
answers
,
although
the
Citie
of
Burgos
disapproved
their
general
meeting
;
Granada
answered
,
that
they
should
do
better
to
exspect
another
opportunitie
,
and
carrie
a
more
specious
form
.
Salamanca
and
Murcia
were
not
backwards
in
their
promises
and
fair
offers
,
but
they
did
not
agree
in
that
particular
,
touching
the
general
Assemblie
,
yet
all
wrote
that
they
would
send
their
Burgesses
,
as
Agents
,
who
in
the
Parlament
should
bee
conformable
to
the
Toledians
.
Sevil
answered
neither
yea
,
nor
no.
These
answers
puff'd
up
the
Spirits
of
the
Toledians
,
and
Hernando
de
Avalos
(
brother
to
Don
Iohn
de
Ribera
,
who
was
chosen
for
Procurador
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
was
afterwards
their
General
,
a
m●n
of
noble
extraction
,
and
a
high
Spirit
.
that
is
,
Burgess
and
Commissioner
)
associating
himself
with
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
were
the
chief
sticklers
for
that
Caus
,
and
although
the
Emperor
wrote
to
them
,
no
reason
would
satisfie
,
but
they
answered
,
that
they
understood
in
so
doing
,
to
do
him
service
.
SECT
▪
VI.
SOon
after
was
publisht
through
the
whole
kingdom
,
the
Emperor's
determination
to
go
into
Germanie
,
to
receiv
the
Imperial
Crown
;
Everie
one
lamented
his
departure
,
out
of
a
presaging
fear
,
that
those
so
long
contracted
fogs
of
murmuring
Discontent
,
condensing
more
and
more
through
the
privation
of
his
resplendent
presence
,
might
at
last
break
forth
into
som
furious
storm
of
intestine
Commotions
,
to
the
ruine
of
their
whole
Countrie
;
Which
Consideration
meeting
with
the
complaints
,
and
general
grievances
of
the
whole
Kingdom
,
they
began
at
length
to
mutter
out
their
resentments
in
these
following
words
.
That
the
King
shewed
verie
small
affection
to
that
Countrie
;
and
despising
it
as
too
mean
for
him
,
would
betake
himself
wholly
to
Germanie
.
That
Xeures
had
robbed
Spain
of
all
her
Treasure
;
That
the
King
beeing
at
Burgos
(
Capital
Citie
of
Castillia
)
did
not
staie
one
week
there
.
That
Xeures
would
not
have
the
Parlament
to
bee
in
Valladolid
,
although
all
the
Grandees
,
and
divers
others
of
the
Kingdom
had
petitioned
for
it
.
That
Don
Pedro
Giron
had
given
the
King
som
unbeseeming
Language
,
which
hee
thought
good
to
put
up
,
becaus
hee
was
not
man
enough
to
punish
his
temerarious
audacitie
.
That
Xeures
had
called
a
Parlament
,
but
for
no
other
end
,
then
to
charge
the
Kingdom
with
a
new
Cessment
of
four
hundred
thousand
Duckets
.
From
these
and
such
other
seeds
of
discontents
sown
amongst
the
Common
People
,
grew
suddenly
a
multitude
of
turbulent
Imaginations
in
their
factious
hearts
;
and
the
seditious
Clergie
,
casting
the
oil
of
their
,
pretended
,
Religious
Doctrine
into
the
fire
of
the
People's
ill-grounded
zeal
,
made
the
flame
blaze
the
higher
,
pricking
them
daily
forwards
with
their
sacrilegious
Exhortations
in
the
Pulpits
,
in
these
or
like
words
▪
Why
do
you
,
that
are
a
Free
born
Nation
,
suffer
such
exorbitancies
?
Why
do
you
suffer
strangers
to
reap
the
fruits
of
your
labors
,
in
your
own
Countrie
?
You
have
not
yet
fully
paid
the
Cessment
,
that
was
granted
to
the
King
in
the
last
Parlament
;
and
yet
hee
will
impose
more
Taxes
on
you
,
till
hee
hath
swept
this
kingdom
clean
,
and
quite
beggar'd
us
,
to
inrich
his
Germane
Nation
;
and
there
's
Xeures
,
who
was
but
a
private
Gentleman
in
Flanders
,
hath
made
himself
one
of
the
richest
men
in
the
world
,
by
the
spoils
of
us
Castillians
.
SECT.
VII
.
THe
Emperor
beeing
at
Valladolid
,
and
the
People's
mindes
much
distracted
with
these
several
grievances
,
hee
sent
for
the
Corregidores
,
Regidores
,
and
all
other
Publick
Magistrates
to
his
Palace
.
Upon
their
appearance
hee
told
them
that
beeing
then
to
go
into
Germanie
,
to
receiv
the
Imperial
Crown
,
hee
was
in
great
distress
for
want
of
monies
to
defraie
his
charges
,
to
which
hee
desired
,
they
would
not
onely
give
their
consents
,
but
bee
assistant
in
the
raising
of
three
hundred
Millions
of
Marauediz
,
which
might
bee
easily
don
in
Castillia
,
by
waie
of
Subsidie
and
Pole-monie
,
everie
Town
paying
according
to
their
qualitie
and
Cessments
;
Presuming
,
that
if
those
of
Valladolid
subscribed
,
the
other
places
of
the
Kingdom
,
would
not
bee
backwards
to
answer
his
exspectation
;
And
in
case
they
did
satisfie
his
desires
therein
▪
hee
promised
to
grant
them
all
the
Favors
their
Burgesses
or
Commissioners
should
demand
of
him
in
Parlament
.
There
was
present
at
this
Conference
,
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Santjago
,
the
Bishop
Mota
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
the
Marquis
of
Astorga
,
and
Xeures
who
was
never
from
the
Emperor's
elbow
.
Those
of
Valladolid
desired
som
time
to
give
in
their
answer
,
but
(
they
said
)
They
could
see
no
possibilitie
of
effecting
what
the
Emperor
demanded
of
them
.
Thence
began
tumultuous
meetings
in
the
streets
,
Conventicles
,
and
outragious
murmurings
,
insomuch
that
they
were
even
readie
to
rise
in
arms
against
the
Flemings
.
At
last
Valladolid
returned
the
Emperor
this
answer
,
That
they
humbly
desired
his
Majestie
would
bee
pleased
to
staie
,
and
make
his
residence
in
their
Countrie
,
and
that
upon
those
terms
hee
should
not
onely
command
the
three
hundred
Millions
hee
desired
,
but
they
would
furnish
him
with
much
more
,
and
if
need
required
,
they
would
not
stick
to
part
with
their
lands
and
goods
,
but
fell
their
Children
also
to
do
him
service
.
But
,
in
their
opinions
,
that
hee
should
go
away
and
deprive
the
kingdom
of
his
Roial
Person
,
besides
,
that
vast
summe
monie
which
hee
desired
to
carrie
into
forreign
Countries
,
seemed
verie
unreasonable
,
and
they
would
sell
nothing
to
further
anie
such
designe
,
neither
did
they
believ
that
God
required
they
should
paie
him
anie
such
obedience
.
Upon
this
answer
of
Valladolid
,
there
were
several
meetings
and
Consultations
,
but
they
prevailed
nothing
.
But
the
Emperor's
Favorites
,
(
against
whom
Castillia
was
chiefly
incensed
)
Viz.
Xeures
,
Don
Garzia
de
Padilla
,
and
Mota
,
Bishop
of
Badajos
,
went
again
to
the
Magistrates
,
desiring
them
that
they
would
consider
well
upon
his
Majestie
's
demands
,
since
the
performance
thereof
was
so
important
to
his
present
service
,
and
so
easie
for
them
to
accomplish
:
that
the
necessitie
of
his
going
to
receiv
the
Imperial
Crown
was
extremely
urgent
,
and
redounded
not
a
little
to
the
reputation
and
honor
of
that
Kingdom
.
That
they
should
look
upon
what
Castillia
had
furnished
to
King
Alonso
the
Wise
,
when
hee
went
into
Germanie
upon
a
pretended
claim
of
the
Empire
,
and
how
much
more
reason
they
had
to
do
the
like
now
,
(
which
they
might
well
do
,
the
Kingdom
beeing
in
a
far
better
condition
.
)
That
the
King
undertook
not
that
voiage
,
as
Don
Alonso
did
,
upon
a
doubtful
matter
,
his
business
was
already
most
certainly
concluded
and
agreed
upon
.
This
was
closely
followed
,
for
during
the
three
daies
time
which
the
Emperor
staied
in
Valladolid
,
The
Gentrie
,
Magistrates
,
and
Burgesses
of
the
Town
,
with
Bishop
Mota
(
whom
the
Emperor
had
sent
,
to
entreat
them
to
condescend
to
his
desires
)
did
nothing
els
all
daie
and
night
,
but
go
from
the
Court
to
the
Town-hous
,
and
back
again
;
the
Bishop
of
Osma
,
Don
Alonso
Enriques
and
som
of
the
Magistrates
were
of
opinion
,
that
they
should
do
well
to
satisfie
his
Majestie
's
desires
.
Others
stood
strongly
to
the
contrarie
,
and
turned
their
Opponents
out
from
their
consultation
,
with
manie
reviling
words
,
calling
them
disloial
,
disobedient
,
and
other
injurious
names
:
this
beeing
known
amongst
the
Common
People
,
inflamed
amain
their
furie
;
That
ought
not
to
bee
suffred
.
The
Emperor
beeing
informed
of
all
these
passages
,
was
very
much
perplext
,
and
gave
order
presently
to
prepare
for
his
departure
.
It
is
r●ported
that
hee
said
,
hee
desired
no
more
then
that
consentment
,
and
those
subscriptions
which
som
of
the
Magistrates
had
given
in
,
As
for
the
rest
,
who
had
refused
,
hee
should
take
his
time
to
bee
even
with
them
.
So
hee
departed
upon
a
sudden
,
though
the
Towns-men
thought
hee
would
not
have
gon
,
in
regard
Valladolid
and
divers
other
Cities
of
Castillia
,
had
sent
to
beseech
him
with
much
humilitie
and
earnestness
,
that
hee
would
bee
pleased
to
forbear
a
while
,
and
not
leav
them
so
soon
,
fearing
the
disasters
which
afterwards
befel
them
.
The
Emperor
gave
them
a
gracious
answer
,
thanking
them
for
their
good
wishes
,
but
(
hee
said
)
it
was
expedient
for
him
to
depart
without
anie
further
delaie
,
for
the
good
and
advancement
of
that
Kingdom
,
and
hee
promissed
them
,
that
assoon
as
hee
had
received
the
Imperial
Crown
,
hee
would
com
back
again
,
at
the
farthest
within
three
years
.
This
did
not
satisfie
the
Gentrie
of
the
Kingdom
,
nor
the
Cities
,
nor
the
Commons
of
Valladolid
,
who
grew
excessively
out
of
Temper
.
SECT.
VIII
.
BEfore
wee
pass
anie
farther
,
it
will
not
bee
improper
to
set
down
what
was
don
at
Toledo
in
this
Interim
.
Wee
have
seen
the
Letter
which
they
wrote
the
last
year
1519
,
to
the
other
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
,
They
wrote
another
to
Valladolid
,
bearing
date
the
8th
of
June
of
this
year
1520.
declaring
(
to
the
same
effect
as
in
the
former
)
the
great
necessitie
,
into
which
the
absence
of
their
King
would
plunge
the
Countrie
,
and
the
great
inconveniences
that
were
likely
to
proceed
from
that
occasion
.
That
it
was
expedient
,
that
all
the
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
should
make
an
Assemblie
,
and
consult
what
were
best
to
bee
don
in
a
case
of
such
high
consequence
;
SECT.
IX
.
THese
private
Treaties
increased
daily
the
publick
resentments
,
and
the
more
in
respect
of
the
King's
demands
,
and
his
so
unexspected
determination
to
leav
that
Countrie
.
The
principal
of
those
that
declared
themselvs
in
Toledo
,
with
demonstrations
of
the
greatest
zeal
to
the
Common
good
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
and
Hern●ndo
de
Avalos
,
principal
Actors
for
the
Commons
in
Toledo
.
were
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso
de
la
Vega
,
Son
to
Don
Garzilasso
de
la
Vega
Chancellor
of
the
Order
in
the
kingdom
of
Leon
,
and
Hernando
de
Avalos
,
all
gentlemen
of
noble
extraction
,
and
allied
to
the
chief
Nobles
of
Spain
.
These
gentlemen
who
were
chief
Commissioners
in
the
Iuntas
and
Assemblies
,
which
were
held
in
the
Citie
,
exclaim●d
exceedingly
against
the
ill
government
,
That
the
King
was
carried
away
by
strangers
,
not
considering
the
miserable
condition
in
which
hee
left
that
Kingdom
;
then
they
repeated
all
the
Contents
of
the
Letters
,
which
Toledo
had
sent
to
th'
other
Cities
,
adding
divers
other
things
that
had
been
produced
upon
new
occasions
,
which
they
amplified
and
aggravated
,
with
more
bitterness
then
need
required
:
And
,
That
Toledo
,
which
for
her
greatness
,
had
been
the
Metropolitan
Citie
of
Spain
in
time
of
the
Goths
,
was
more
then
ordinarily
obliged
to
seek
out
a
remedie
,
and
set
a
Period
to
so
great
evils
.
They
urged
moreover
that
it
was
most
expedidient
,
that
forthwith
Letters
should
bee
dispatched
to
all
the
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
(
that
had
Vote
in
Parlament
)
to
incite
them
to
assemble
in
som
place
convenient
for
their
treating
upon
the
forementioned
remedies
.
That
there
should
immediately
bee
sent
a
Petition
to
the
King
;
beseeching
him
not
to
depart
the
Kingdom
,
but
that
hee
would
bee
pleased
to
give
som
Order
for
the
remedying
,
and
better
managing
of
Affairs
.
That
,
in
case
his
Majestie
would
not
,
the
Kingdom
intended
to
indeavor
it
,
and
would
more
narrowly
see
into
that
which
concerned
the
Common
good
.
These
and
divers
such
like
things
were
that
daie
there
propounded
.
And
in
●egard
they
carried
a
specious
apparence
of
the
Publick
Good
,
which
was
so
generally
desired
,
throughout
the
whole
Kingdom
,
the
Major
part
of
the
Assemblie
was
of
opinion
,
That
it
was
most
fi●ting
and
convenient
so
to
do
.
But
som
dissented
(
though
they
were
the
fewer
in
number
)
fearing
that
if
the
affairs
were
carried
on
in
that
manner
(
although
under
colour
of
the
Common
good
)
they
would
produce
very
sad
consequents
,
neither
were
they
satisfied
of
the
lawfulness
of
the
Citie
's
assembling
such
Iunta's
,
without
the
King's
licence
and
autoritie
Antonio
Alvares
de
Toledo
,
an
ancient
gentleman
of
that
Citie
,
Lord
of
Cedillo
,
and
som
others
,
which
leaned
to
his
faction
,
were
of
this
opininion
,
either
out
of
desire
to
do
the
King
service
,
or
becaus
they
could
not
agree
with
the
rest
,
(
for
such
kinde
of
sidings
have
produced
a
world
of
mischief
in
all
places
)
or
that
like
prudent
men
and
free
from
passion
,
they
fore-saw
with
clearer
eies
,
the
danger
that
would
ensue
th'
assembling
of
the
Cities
without
the
King's
Autoritie
;
They
gave
their
Votes
against
writing
to
the
Cities
,
declared
against
all
publick
,
or
particular
meetings
in
that
kinde
,
and
said
openly
,
that
in
case
there
were
a
necessitie
of
rectifying
anie
thing
,
they
should
in
an
honest
and
humble
manner
petition
the
Emperor
to
take
it
into
his
consideration
.
Whereto
those
of
the
contrarie
Judgment
made
several
replies
.
After
long
debate
and
contention
about
this
matter
,
at
last
those
few
,
which
were
of
the
most
safe
and
wholesom
opinion
,
Iohn
de
Padilla's
and
the
other
Gentlemen's
Propositions
.
The
Governor
Don
Lewis
Porto
Carrero
,
Earl
of
Palma
,
beeing
present
adhered
to
this
Opinion
,
but
was
backwards
in
expressing
himself
,
in
regard
h●e
had
married
the
sister
of
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
who
was
of
the
contrarie
Partie
:
neither
did
hee
answer
one
syllable
to
the
other
's
Protest
or
Requests
.
Yet
the
business
was
so
imbroiled
,
that
no
resolution
could
bee
given
that
daie
.
This
difference
and
contention
amongst
the
chief
men
of
the
Citie
beeing
noised
abroad
,
the
people
began
to
mutinie
,
and
divide
themselvs
into
Parties
and
Factions
.
Comm●n
good
:
Those
few
,
who
prudently
perceived
the
contrarie
,
gave
the
Emperor
forthwith
notice
of
all
these
passages
in
the
Citie
,
and
Antonio
Alvarez
de
Toledo
in
particular
,
who
had
great
intimacie
with
the
Bishop
of
Palencia
Mota
.
This
Advice
came
to
the
Emperor's
hands
,
just
upon
his
departure
from
Aragon
to
Valladolid
.
But
soon
after
at
another
meeting
in
Toledo
,
the
Major
part
voted
that
they
should
write
to
the
other
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
,
as
formerly
had
been
propounded
,
and
that
they
should
send
to
the
Emperor
two
Regidores
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
who
stood
for
the
Commons
,
and
Antonio
Alvarez
de
Toledo
,
who
opposed
and
condemned
his
opinion
as
wicked
and
dangerous
,
drew
their
daggers
at
each
other
in
the
Assemblie
.
Don
Pedro
Lasso
de
la
Vega
,
Don
Alonso
Suares
,
and
two
Iurates
were
appointed
to
go
from
the
Citie
to
the
Emperor
,
who
having
put
themselvs
in
equipage
forthwith
departed
.
Letters
were
presently
dispatcht
and
sent
to
the
other
Cities
,
although
the
same
distemper
and
factions
were
already
brewing
in
divers
of
them
before
they
were
delivered
.
Don
Iohn
de
Silva's
chance
(
who
afterwards
was
Marquess
of
Monte-Mayor
)
to
go
as
Regidor
of
Toledo
,
and
Alonso
de
Aguirre
,
as
Iurate
.
To
whom
(
becaus
they
held
the
opinion
of
the
contrarie
Partie
)
The
Citie
would
not
give
a
full
and
general
Power
,
according
to
the
Emperor's
Commands
,
but
an
especial
and
limited
one
,
to
see
and
hear
what
the
Emperor
desired
,
and
with
an
injunction
to
give
them
advice
thereof
,
to
the
end
that
from
time
to
time
the
Citie
might
order
them
what
to
do
,
and
that
in
no
case
they
should
grant
anie
Subsidies
,
or
anie
thing
els
.
Which
Power
Don
Iohn
de
Silva
would
not
accept
,
nor
go
to
the
Parlament
upon
those
tearms
,
exspecting
they
should
give
him
the
full
and
usual
Power
,
and
that
the
Emperor
should
send
his
Command
to
that
effect
.
There
was
such
trouble
and
opposition
in
this
business
,
that
hee
could
never
obtain
that
Power
,
neither
did
they
go
to
the
Parlament
.
SECT.
X.
THe
Emperor
returned
an
answer
to
Antonio
Alvarez
de
Toledo
,
and
the
others
,
who
had
given
him
notice
of
the
several
Passages
,
thanking
them
for
their
fidelitie
,
and
acknowledging
the
good
service
they
had
don
him
therein
,
charging
them
moreover
to
persevere
,
but
with
rhe
greatest
wariness
and
discretion
that
might
bee
.
To
the
Corregidor
Don
Lewis
de
Palma
hee
wrote
likewise
,
reprehending
him
of
his
lukewarmeness
and
small
resolution
,
and
gave
him
order
what
to
do
thenceforwards
:
but
hee
did
not
punctually
obeie
his
Majestie
's
Orders
,
nor
observ
the
manner
which
was
most
convenient
,
for
hee
was
a
man
of
too
milde
a
disposition
,
which
suit
's
very
ill
with
those
who
are
to
govern
,
especially
in
cases
of
that
nature
.
Whereupon
som
few
daies
after
hee
gave
up
his
Command
,
and
the
Emperor
sent
Don
Antonio
de
Cordova
the
(
Earl
of
Cabra's
brother
)
to
take
his
place
,
but
hee
came
too
late
to
applie
anie
remedie
to
those
disorders
.
Thus
the
affairs
of
Toledo
wax't
wors
and
wors
,
and
the
audaciousness
of
the
People
was
grown
to
such
a
height
,
that
they
made
new
Assemblies
everie
daie
in
favor
of
that
,
which
they
called
Communaltie
,
by
consent
and
order
of
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
Hernando
de
Avalos
,
who
were
the
chief
Incendiaries
and
favorers
of
these
disturbances
.
Toledo
excepting
against
the
fore-mentioned
Commissioners
,
agreed
to
constitute
others
with
an
especial
power
to
present
certain
articles
to
the
Emperor
(
which
they
had
by
waie
of
Instruction
from
the
Citie
)
touching
the
general
good
of
the
Kingdom
.
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
and
Don
Alonso
Suares
were
appointed
to
go
as
Regidores
of
the
Citie
,
and
Michael
de
Hita
and
Alonso
Ortiz
,
as
Iurates
.
The
Contents
of
their
Commission
were
these
.
That
they
should
beseech
the
Emperor
not
to
depart
the
Kingdom
,
representing
unto
him
the
Inconveniences
,
which
might
arise
by
his
absence
,
in
regard
the
Kingdom
of
Castillia
could
not
live
without
their
King
,
beeing
not
accustomed
to
bee
under
anie
particular
man's
Government
.
That
hee
should
not
give
anie
Office
or
Charge
in
that
Kingdom
to
anie
stranger
,
and
that
hee
should
take
those
away
again
which
hee
had
so
bestowed
.
That
hee
should
not
take
anie
monie
out
of
the
Kingdom
for
anie
person
in
the
World
,
becaus
they
had
already
contributed
so
much
,
that
the
Kingdom
was
reduced
to
great
povertie
.
That
in
the
Parlament
,
which
hee
had
now
assembled
,
hee
should
not
demand
anie
Subsidies
,
especially
,
if
hee
continued
in
the
resolution
of
departing
the
Kingdom
.
That
the
Parlament
should
bee
adjourned
,
and
held
in
Castillia
and
not
at
Santjago
,
nor
in
the
Kingdom
of
Galicia
.
That
the
Offices
and
Governments
should
not
bee
vendible
.
That
som
good
order
should
bee
taken
in
the
Inquisition
,
which
might
tend
to
the
service
and
glorie
of
God
,
and
that
no
bodie
should
bee
molested
.
That
the
grievances
and
wrongs
of
private
Persons
of
the
Kingdom
,
should
bee
righted
and
repaired
.
These
were
the
principal
heads
of
the
demands
,
Toledo
then
sent
to
his
Majestie
,
but
the
Commotions
increasing
gave
them
the
boldness
to
add
new
matter
to
their
Petition
,
as
you
shall
see
hereafter
.
SECT.
XI
.
I
Have
declared
already
the
combustions
that
were
in
Valladolid
,
and
the
Emperor's
determination
to
depart
thence
,
purposing
to
take
his
waie
by
Tordesillas
to
visit
the
Queen
,
his
mother
.
Which
beeing
known
,
and
noised
through
the
Citie
(
moreover
that
hee
would
carrie
his
mother
out
of
the
Kingdom
with
him
)
the
Citizens
,
and
Common
People
were
so
much
troubled
at
it
,
that
they
vented
divers
as
bitter
exclamations
as
a
furious
passion
could
dictate
to
their
disturbed
mindes
.
But
the
chief
Burgesses
,
Deputies
and
other
Officers
met
in
Consultation
at
the
Monasterie
of
St
Paul
,
to
take
order
for
investing
their
Commissioners
with
a
general
Power
,
to
grant
what
the
Emperor
should
demand
in
Parlament
,
to
petition
his
Majestie●om
●om
things
in
their
favor
,
and
to
kiss
his
hand
before
his
departure
.
While
they
were
thus
assembled
on
Mondaie
morning
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso
with
his
Companions
,
arriveing
the
same
daie
at
Valladolid
,
and
beeing
alighted
went
to
visit
them
.
But
Alonso
Ortiz
,
his
fellow
Commissioner
(
who
resided
in
Court
)
said
,
in
regard
the
Emperor
was
gon
to
Church
to
praie
for
his
good
journie
to
Tordesillas
,
that
hee
thought
it
convenient
for
them
to
go
first
to
the
Palace
,
for
perchance
his
Majestie
beeing
informed
of
their
arrival
,
would
vouchsafe
to
staie
a
little
,
and
give
them
Audience
.
In
this
interim
som
Inhabitants
of
Valladolid
beeing
told
of
the
Toledo-Commissioner's
coming
,
went
to
salute
them
,
desiring
that
they
would
indevor
to
procure
som
Remedie
against
those
miseries
and
grievances
under
which
the
Kingdom
then
so
much
groaned
.
Hereupon
,
it
was
agreed
amongst
them
that
the
Towns-men
should
presently
put
themselvs
in
a
readiness
,
to
oppose
and
hinder
the
Emperor
from
going
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
or
depart
that
Citie
(
in
which
attempt
Don
Pedro
Lasso
offered
to
venture
his
fortune
with
them
,
if
they
would
stand
to
him
,
)
and
that
they
should
seiz
upon
Xeures
,
and
som
Flemings
of
the
chief
of
his
Majestie
's
Council
,
and
Bed-chamber
,
binding
first
those
Towns-men
with
a
solemn
oath
,
not
to
desert
him
in
that
enterprize
.
Beeing
pricked
with
this
over-dilligent
itch
of
putting
in
execution
the
orders
and
Commands
which
their
Citie
had
imposed
upon
them
,
before
they
went
to
kiss
the
Emperor's
hands
(
which
had
been
the
right
waie
)
beeing
accompanied
with
a
gang
of
Common
People
,
and
som
Deputies
of
the
Wards
(
who
by
this
time
were
come
in
to
them
)
they
went
directly
to
the
Monasterie
of
St
Paul
to
salute
,
and
communicate
their
design
with
the
chief
of
the
Citie
there
assembled
;
To
whom
they
made
a
speech
,
signifying
the
Causses
of
their
comming
,
and
what
they
intended
to
desire
of
his
Majestie
in
behalf
of
their
Citie
,
justifying
their
demands
,
and
coloring
them
with
the
most
specious
pretences
that
could
bee
:
And
indeed
,
(
as
at
first
their
meaning
was
)
their
affection
and
zeal
to
their
Prince
were
such
,
that
their
thoughts
(
I
believ
)
differed
nothing
from
their
expressions
,
until
things
were
brought
unto
such
a
pass
,
that
there
was
no
hopes
of
remedie
,
and
that
those
that
had
the
power
,
or
the
wisdom
,
made
a
breach
through
their
miseries
;
as
did
Don
Pedro
Lasso
and
divers
other
gentlemen
.
And
at
the
last
they
desired
,
that
(
as
they
had
written
,
and
offered
to
the
Citie
of
Toledo
)
they
would
send
their
Commissioners
with
them
,
to
make
a
Joint-demand
of
the
same
things
,
which
Salamanca
and
other
Cities
desired
:
Don
Hernando
Enriquez
(
brother
to
the
Lord
Admiral
)
returned
them
this
answer
;
That
as
yet
they
were
not
fully
determined
what
to
do
,
and
for
that
caus
they
were
there
assembled
,
That
they
would
resolv
upon
that
,
which
should
tend
most
to
the
King's
service
,
and
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
;
That
they
might
do
what
they
saw
good
.
The
Commissioners
of
Toledo
perceiving
Valladolid
otherwaies
inclined
,
then
they
exspected
,
went
forthwith
to
the
Palace
,
leaving
them
in
consultation
.
SECT.
XII
.
THey
came
to
the
Emperor's
Chamber
of
presence
,
just
as
hee
was
risen
from
dinner
.
With
his
Majestie
were
the
Marquis
of
Villena
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
the
Earl
of
Miranda
,
the
Duke
of
Alburquerque
the
Earl
of
Haro
,
the
Earl
of
Castro
,
the
Earl
of
Palma
,
the
Marquis
of
Brandenbourg
,
the
Archbishop
of
Santjago
,
the
Bishop
of
Palencia
,
Monsieur
de
Xeures
,
and
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
the
Earl
of
Urenia's
eldest
son
.
It
hapned
as
those
Commissioners
came
in
,
Don
Pedro
Giron
was
talking
with
the
King
so
loud
,
that
everie
one
might
hear
him
:
Hee
said
,
that
his
Majestie
might
remember
,
that
beeing
at
Barcelona
,
the
first
of
March
anno
1519
,
hee
did
him
the
honor
to
give
him
a
writing
under
his
hand
,
wherein
hee
promissed
,
that
at
his
arrival
in
Castilla
,
hee
would
command
the
Judges
to
examine
,
and
determine
according
to
Law
,
the
right
which
hee
pretended
and
claimed
to
the
Estate
of
Medina
Sidonia
,
as
the
portion
and
inheritance
of
the
Ladie
Mencia
de
Gusman
,
his
wife
,
Daughter
to
the
Duke
Don
Iohn
deceased
,
and
that
his
Majestie
beeing
since
at
Burgos
,
hee
had
again
refresh't
his
memorie
by
waie
of
Petition
,
that
hee
had
don
the
like
there
in
Valladolid
,
and
yet
his
Majestie
was
upon
his
departure
,
without
giving
anie
order
for
the
performance
of
that
which
hee
had
promised
under
his
hand
;
and
hereupon
hee
fell
into
a
vain
of
very
presumptuous
language
,
such
as
savored
of
too
much
sauciness
and
audacitie
.
Amongst
other
things
hee
said
,
That
since
his
Majestie
did
not
do
him
Justice
,
Don
Pedro
Giron
to
the
Emperor
.
hee
intended
to
right
himself
with
his
own
hand
,
and
that
for
so
great
an
injurie
(
and
without
reason
,
so
publick
,
and
so
known
,
as
his
Majestie
had
made
it
to
all
the
world
,
by
suffering
him
to
bee
so
abused
against
Equitie
or
Justice
,
and
contrary
to
that
which
his
Majestie
did
owe
to
his
own
Royal
word
,
hee
having
so
punctually
performed
all
the
duties
that
could
bee
required
of
his
Loialtie
)
hee
had
now
no
more
to
saie
or
do
,
but
onely
to
let
his
Majestie
understand
,
That
for
fault
of
the
remedie
which
hee
did
not
give
him
,
and
for
the
great
injurie
which
hee
now
did
him
,
hee
could
and
would
make
use
of
all
those
provisions
,
which
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
of
Spain
did
ordain
in
favor
,
and
for
the
redressing
of
oppressed
and
injured
Gentlemen
,
and
to
this
effect
it
was
sufficient
to
ask
his
Majestie
's
permission
,
as
hee
had
alreadie
begged
it
before
as
honorable
persons
,
as
those
that
were
then
present
,
but
could
not
obtain
it
:
Speaking
these
words
,
hee
fell
upon
his
knees
,
and
kissed
his
Majestie
's
hand
.
The
Emperor
somwhat
moved
at
Don
Pedro's
,
more
then
bold
,
speeches
,
made
this
grave
replie
,
Don
Pedro
you
are
a
discreet
man
,
I
do
not
think
that
you
would
do
anie
thing
,
that
shall
oblige
mee●
to
punish
you
,
for
if
you
should
,
my
Justice
must
answer
your
offence
.
Don
Pedro
replied
,
Sir
,
in
doing
what
I
saie
,
I
do
nothing
but
what
I
ought
,
and
what
is
just
,
if
I
do
it
not
my self
,
your
Majestie
will
not
see
mee
righted
.
Those
from
whom
I
descended
,
never
imbraced
the
thought
of
doing
anie
thing
that
ought
not
to
be
don
,
neither
do
I
intend
it
.
That
which
I
said
,
Sir
,
I
would
do
,
was
to
seek
som
remedie
for
my
grievances
,
according
to
the
Laws
instituted
in
this
Kingdom
;
and
if
your
meaning
is
,
Sir
,
to
have
me
punished
for
doing
what
I
ought
,
you
will
see
(
if
you
do
so
)
what
you
ought
to
do
to
your self
.
The
Emperor
presently
answered
,
I
think
to
do
you
Justice
,
Don
Pedro
,
as
I
told
you
,
and
I
have
performed
my
promise
to
you
.
You
are
my
King
Sir
,
said
Don
Pedro
,
and
I
will
not
answer
you
:
That
which
you
promised
mee
is
herein
written
under
your
own
hand
,
and
may
soon
bee
seen
,
and
what
you
concluded
in
your
Council
yesterdaie
,
this
daie
is
known
sufficiently
:
that
said
,
hee
produced
his
paper
for
evidence
.
Upon
these
words
the
Marquis
of
Villena
bid
Don
Pedro
forbear
,
and
void
the
Chamber
,
so
Don
Pedro
went
out
,
and
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
and
the
Lord
High
Constable
with
him
(
who
came
in
after
this
discours
began
)
all
the
other
Gentlemen
presently
followed
them
,
and
gathering
themselvs
in
a
knot
together
in
the
King's
Anti-chamber
,
they
descanted
upon
these
passages
,
and
Don
Pedro
Giron
continued
still
his
fuming
,
with
exp●essions
of
much
discontent
,
and
sens
of
injurie
,
becaus
the
King
had
not
made
good
to
him
what
hee
had
promised
him
with
so
much
assurance
.
SECT.
XIII
.
DOn
Pedro
Giron
was
no
sooner
gon
out
of
the
Presence
,
but
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
&
Don
Alonso
Suarez
advanced
to
speak
to
his
Majestie
,
beseeching
hee
would
bee
pleased
to
give
them
audience
,
for
they
had
divers
things
to
impart
to
his
Majestie
,
which
did
much
conduce
to
his
Service
.
The
Emperor
answered
them
,
that
hee
was
upon
going
,
as
they
saw
,
and
that
hee
had
not
then
the
time
to
hear
them
:
They
replied
,
but
chiefly
Don
Pedro
Lasso
:
That
it
was
of
so
much
concernment
to
his
Majestie
to
hear
them
,
that
hee
would
not
repent
the
deferring
of
his
departure
for
a
little
while
,
especially
the
weather
beeing
(
as
it
was
)
very
rainie
.
For
they
would
inform
his
Majestie
of
manie
things
,
wherein
were
interessed
in
an
extraordinarie
manner
,
both
His
service
and
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
Emperor
knowing
alreadie
the
substance
of
what
they
came
to
ask
,
and
nothing
pleased
with
their
manner
of
petitioning
,
answered
,
That
there
was
no
man
in
the
world
more
careful
,
and
desirous
of
that
which
might
bee
most
expedient
for
the
good
of
his
Kingdoms
,
then
himself
;
That
they
should
meet
him
at
the
next
town
to
Tordesillas
,
in
the
waie
to
Santjago
,
and
there
hee
would
hear
them
:
So
they
departed
his
Presence
.
The
Emperor
(
beeing
very
angrie
at
the
importunitie
,
and
sauciness
of
the
Toledians
,
and
Don
Pedro
Giron
)
sent
presently
to
call
som
of
his
Privie
Council
,
to
advise
touching
the
apprehending
of
Don
Pedro
Giron
;
The
Lord
High
Constable
beeing
advertised
of
the
Emperor's
pleasure
,
came
presently
to
the
Palace
,
and
with
the
rest
of
the
Nobles
there
beeing
,
hee
sent
to
desire
Xeures
,
that
hee
would
join
with
them
,
in
taking
som
cours
for
the
composing
of
the
matter
.
While
things
were
thus
in
agitation
,
a
rumor
began
to
spread
amongst
the
People
,
that
their
Magistrates
had
granted
what
the
Emperor
did
desire
,
that
hee
was
going
away
,
and
that
hee
would
carrie
his
Mother
out
of
the
Kingdom
with
him
;
and
as
the
People
are
apt
to
believ
all
they
hear
,
this
report
much
troubled
them
,
and
beeing
drunk
with
passion
,
they
ran
madding
through
the
streets
;
and
here
and
there
making
stands
(
after
that
Countrie
fashion
)
they
assembled
divers
circuler
consultations
,
saying
,
that
it
would
bee
fitting
to
petition
the
King
not
to
depart
;
Beeing
all
up
in
this
confusion
without
understanding
each
other's
meaning
,
a
certain
Rope-maker
,
by
Nation
a
Portuguez
,
inhabitant
of
that
Citie
,
seeing
that
the
King
was
readie
to
depart
,
and
that
no
bodie
would
petition
him
to
staie
,
hee
got
into
the
steeple
of
St
Michael
(
which
is
a
very
ancient
Parish
in
that
Citie
,
where
hung
a
great
bell
,
commonly
called
the
Counsel-Bell
,
which
used
to
bee
rung
onely
in
times
of
war
,
uproars
,
Common
People
.
'T
is
said
their
determination
was
to
kill
Xeures
and
all
the
Flemings
,
and
to
hinder
the
Emperor's
departure
.
Don
Alonso
Enriquez
Bishop
of
Osma
,
gave
Xeures
notice
hereof
,
yet
hee
would
not
believ
him
,
thinking
that
hee
told
him
so
,
onely
to
ingratiate
himself
with
him
;
But
soon
after
,
hearing
a
great
hurlieburlie
,
and
the
clashing
of
weapons
,
and
asking
what
the
matter
was
,
Don
Pedro
Porto
Carero
told
him
,
Sir
,
it
is
now
no
time
for
you
to
sit
in
Council
,
but
indeavor
to
secure
your
Person
;
for
the
Common
crie
of
the
People
is
,
Let
Charls
the
King
live
,
but
let
his
ill
Counsellors
perish
;
neither
ought
you
to
think
it
strange
,
if
in
their
rage
they
murther
you
,
since
they
consider
you
,
as
one
that
carrie's
their
King
from
them
.
The
People
seeing
themselvs
so
numerous
,
manie
of
them
(
as
it
appeared
)
would
have
stop't
the
Emperor's
Journie
.
And
this
disorder
fell
out
just
as
the
Emperor
was
in
Consultation
,
about
the
apprehending
of
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
but
Xeures
and
the
Flemings
,
beeing
too
well
assured
of
the
People's
tumultuous
furie
,
hastened
the
Emperor
(
all
they
could
)
out
of
Valladolid
,
so
hee
departed
from
his
Palace
in
the
cruellest
rain
,
and
thickest
skie
,
that
had
been
seen
in
the
memorie
of
man
.
Which
it
seeme's
was
a
presage
and
ill
Omen
of
the
miseries
and
disasters
,
which
were
afterwards
poured
upon
Castillia
and
his
other
Kingdoms
.
Don
Iohn
de
Vivero
Viscount
of
Altamira
,
becaus
hee
had
unworthily
made
away
his
wife
)
and
there
they
remained
manie
daies
until
the
Emperor
was
satisfied
of
the
truth
.
SECT.
XIV
.
THe
Emperor
came
to
Tordesillas
soundly
wet
and
durtie
,
and
no
bodie
with
him
but
Xeures
,
the
rest
could
not
keep
pace
with
him
,
and
having
refreshed
himself
there
one
daie
,
hee
continued
on
his
journie
to
Villalpando
,
where
hee
had
appointed
the
Commissioners
of
Toledo
to
attend
him
.
They
beeing
com
thither
before
,
met
with
the
Commissioners
of
Salamanca
,
who
were
Don
Pedro
Maldonado
,
(
who
was
afterwards
beheaded
)
and
Antonio
Fernandez
,
Regidores
of
that
Citie
;
with
them
were
their
Messingers
also
,
(
viz.
Iohn
Alvarez
Maldonado
,
and
Antonio
Enriquez
)
who
were
chi●fly
sent
to
underfeel
,
what
instructions
those
of
Toledo
had
in
all
particulars
,
and
had
order
to
conform
themselvs
in
all
points
to
the
Messengers
of
that
Citie
.
At
Villalpando
a
Town
belonging
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
did
these
Commissioners
and
others
exspect
his
Majestie
's
coming
.
Upon
Sundaie
after
they
had
been
at
Church
,
they
went
to
the
Palace
,
to
the
end
the
Emperor
should
give
them
audience
;
while
they
were
attending
his
Majestie
's
pleasure
in
the
Hall
,
came
to
them
Don
Garzia
de
Padilla
,
and
Mōta
Bishop
of
Palencia
,
who
wished
them
in
the
Emperor's
name
(
but
they
thought
it
was
from
Xeures
)
to
tell
them
the
message
they
had
from
their
Citie
.
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
and
Don
Alonso
answered
.
That
their
Citie
had
commanded
them
to
speak
to
his
Majestie
,
and
though
they
importuned
them
never
so
much
,
they
would
not
declare
unto
them
their
business
.
Thereupon
the
Bishop
and
Don
Garzia
returned
into
the
King's
Chamber
,
but
after
a
little
time
came
out
again
,
and
told
these
Commissioners
,
that
if
they
would
not
give
them
an
account
,
wherefore
they
were
com
,
before
they
kissed
his
Majestie
's
hand
,
they
should
not
have
audience
.
The
Commissioners
seeing
there
was
no
remedie
,
con●ented
to
impart
the
substance
of
their
Message
to
them
,
which
done
,
it
was
agreed
that
at
two
a
clock
in
the
afternoon
,
(
if
they
returned
to
the
Palace
)
they
should
have
audience
.
They
suspected
that
this
diligence
and
earnestness
of
the
Bishop's
,
and
Don
Garzia'●
to
know
their
business
was
,
becaus
the
Emperor
at
that
time
beeing
very
young
,
and
not
much
versed
in
State-affairs
,
Xeures
(
who
was
verie
discreet
and
politick
)
had
put
them
on
to
urge
it
before
they
were
admitted
,
to
the
end
hee
might
prepare
the
Emperor
to
give
them
an
answer
.
The
Commissioners
returned
at
the
hour
,
and
delivered
their
message
to
the
King
,
but
would
not
consent
that
anie
others
should
bee
present
,
onely
the
Bishop
and
Don
Garzia
,
the
substance
of
their
discours
was
as
●
have
said
.
They
insisted
chiefly
that
his
Majestie
ought
not
to
go
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
conluded
with
this
Article
,
saying
,
however
,
if
hee
did
resolv
upon
his
departure
,
that
hee
would
command
such
order
to
bee
left
for
the
Government
,
that
the
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
might
have
their
share
therein
;
And
likewise
that
hee
would
bee
pleased
to
demand
no
Subsidies
at
all
,
and
other
things
reasonable
enough
;
as
wee
sh●ll
see
hereafter
.
Which
indeed
were
so
just
,
that
a
Dore-keeper
nam'd
Duranges
wep't
to
hear
them
,
considering
the
great
reason
the
Castillians
had
to
complain
;
But
it
availed
them
little
at
that
time
;
for
they
were
then
discountenanced
,
and
not
treated
according
as
their's
and
their
Ancestor's
good
service
had
deserved
.
The
Emperor
told
them
onely
,
that
hee
had
heard
them
,
and
would
give
order
for
their
answer
.
The
same
hee
said
to
those
of
Salamanca
,
(
who
spake
to
him
afterwards
)
and
in
effect
desired
the
same
things
as
the
Toledians
had
,
telling
him
moreover
,
that
they
had
order
from
their
Citie
to
conform
themselvs
in
everie
thing
with
the
Commissioners
of
Toledo
.
To
whom
the
Emperor
sent
word
by
the
Bishop
Mota
and
Don
Garzia
de
Padilla
,
That
in
regard
his
Council
was
at
Venavente
(
whither
hee
was
to
go
within
two
daies
)
they
should
not
fail
to
meet
him
there
,
to
receiv
their
answer
,
which
they
did
accordingly
.
The
Emperor
beeing
arrived
at
Venavente
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso
and
his
Companion
,
presented
themselvs
for
their
answer
.
Whereupon
the
Emperor
commanded
his
Council
of
Iustice
and
of
State
to
assemble
,
who
having
considered
the
circumstances
and
manner
of
those
Commissioners
,
jointly
gave
their
opinion
,
that
they
deserved
rather
to
bee
punished
,
then
to
receiv
anie
good
answer
or
satisfaction
to
their
demands
;
Don
Pedro
Lasso
afterwards
declared
)
told
them
,
that
hee
was
not
pleased
with
what
they
did
,
and
that
if
hee
did
not
consider
from
what
Parents
they
were
descended
,
hee
would
have
them
punished
according
to
their
deserts
,
for
medling
with
what
they
had
undertaken
,
and
that
they
should
go
to
the
President
of
his
Council
,
who
would
tell
them
further
what
they
were
to
do
.
They
began
to
excuse
themselvs
,
but
the
Emperor
not
willing
to
hear
them
,
retired
himself
.
Then
Don
Garzia
de
Padilla
taking
them
aside
,
gave
them
a
notable
schooling
,
and
reproved
them
sharply
for
what
they
had
done
,
telling
them
that
their
boldness
in
insisting
so
much
to
the
hinderance
of
a
journie
,
which
so
deeply
concerned
not
onely
the
honor
and
reputation
of
the
Emperor
,
but
also
the
securitie
and
preservation
of
his
Estate
,
was
beyond
the
thought
of
pardon
.
And
that
the
things
which
they
had
done
,
had
been
the
occasion
of
disaffecting
and
disquieting
the
mindes
of
other
Commissioners
,
and
of
the
whole
Kingdom
,
by
reason
of
the
precedence
and
Autoritie
,
which
Toledo
had
amongst
all
the
Cities
of
Castilla
,
which
they
should
do
well
to
consider
,
and
seriously
to
reflect
upon
.
After
this
they
went
to
the
President
of
his
Majestie
's
Council
(
who
was
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Granada
)
as
the
Emperor
had
commanded
them
.
The
President
told
them
,
that
what
hee
had
to
give
them
for
answer
,
was
that
his
Majestie
was
going
to
hold
a
Parlament
in
the
Citie
of
Santjago
,
where
all
the
Commissioners
of
the
Kingdom
were
to
assemble
,
That
Toledo
should
send
theirs
thither
,
with
a
memorial
of
the
things
they
desired
,
which
beeing
perused
and
examined
,
The
Emperor
would
give
such
Orders
as
should
bee
most
expedient
for
his
service
,
and
the
general
good
of
his
Kingdoms
and
Subjects
,
moreover
hee
willed
them
to
desist
from
medling
anie
further
in
those
matters
,
but
to
return
and
deal
with
their
Citie
,
to
send
their
Commissioners
,
as
the
other
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
did
,
and
not
to
affect
such
innovations
,
as
they
had
begun
.
Whereunto
they
made
answer
,
that
indeed
they
were
not
imploied
by
the
Kingdom
,
but
they
desired
however
that
those
things
might
bee
granted
for
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
,
And
refusing
to
follow
his
advice
,
but
rather
thinking
it
a
point
of
honor
to
persist
in
what
they
had
begun
,
they
followed
the
Emperor
to
Santjago
.
SECT.
XV.
THe
Emperor
passing
through
Leon
,
Astorga
,
and
Villa
Franca
del
Vierso
was
in
everie
place
petitioned
,
that
hee
would
bee
pleased
to
keep
the
Parlament
in
Castilla
,
but
they
availed
nothing
.
And
these
Commissioners
of
Toledo
,
beeing
arrived
at
Santjago
,
sollicited
very
hard
the
Commissioners
of
the
other
Cities
,
that
were
likewise
com
thither
,
indeavoring
to
draw
them
to
their
opinion
,
pressing
them
to
stand
upon
the
same
tearms
Toledo
did
,
as
their
Cities
had
offered
.
Those
from
Salamanca
did
the
like
,
shewing
themselvs
much
of
the
Toledo
faction
.
The
Emperor
would
by
no
persuasions
bee
brought
to
hold
the
Parlament
in
Castilla
,
but
neer
the
Sea-side
,
becaus
Xeures
would
have
it
so
;
and
the
Fleming
desired
it
the
rather
,
out
of
fear
,
that
the
People
would
murther
him
,
for
hee
knew
how
ill
hee
was
beloved
amongst
them
,
and
hee
perceived
that
if
there
were
anie
tumult
or
uproar
,
they
would
begin
with
him
.
Besides
,
seeing
himself
verie
rich
,
hee
desired
exceedingly
to
bee
out
of
Spain
,
and
that
if
there
should
fall
out
anie
mutinie
,
or
disorder
in
Parlament
,
beeing
near
the
Sea-side
,
hee
could
with
more
facilitie
secure
his
person
and
goods
.
As
for
the
Emperor
's
own
particular
,
it
concerned
him
no
more
to
call
a
Parlament
at
Santjago
,
then
at
Valladolid
or
Burgos
,
or
anie
other
Citie
of
Castilla
.
At
last
beeing
arrived
at
Santjago
at
the
end
of
March
,
with
manie
Grandees
and
Nobles
of
Spain
,
the
Parlament
began
on
Mundaie
the
first
of
April
following
,
anno
1520
,
whereof
was
President
Don
Hernando
de
Vega
Commendador
Mayor
de
Castilla
(
Father
to
Don
Iohn
de
Vega
,
who
was
Vice-King
of
Sicilia
)
a
person
of
great
note
;
Don
Garcia
de
Padilla
and
Zapata
were
his
Assistants
.
The
Emperor
sitting
the
first
daie
himself
in
Parlament
,
commanded
that
the
Propositions
should
be
made
in
his
own
hearing
,
which
declared
the
just
and
great
occasions
,
that
pressed
him
to
undertake
the
Journie
hee
was
then
upon
,
the
extraordinarie
exspences
it
did
require
,
and
the
vast
charges
hee
had
been
at
in
coming
into
that
Kingdom
,
besides
the
great
Armies
hee
had
raised
,
and
maintained
against
the
Infidels
,
and
the
charges
of
sending
the
Infante
Don
Fernando
,
his
brother
,
out
of
that
Countrie
,
desiring
them
that
they
would
assist
him
with
the
accustomed
Subsidies
,
and
that
in
his
absence
they
would
keep
the
Peace
and
fidelitie
,
as
from
such
loial
and
good
Subjects
might
bee
exspected
.
Although
som
Commissioners
would
have
opposed
the
granting
him
anie
such
Subsidie
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso
said
,
that
hee
had
brought
a
memorial
and
instructions
from
the
Citie
of
Toledo
,
what
hee
was
to
do
and
grant
in
Parlament
,
and
that
his
Majestie
might
see
them
,
that
hee
could
not
go
beyond
his
Commission
,
but
would
perform
and
execute
it
in
that
manner
,
as
should
be
most
agreeable
to
his
Majestie
;
otherwise
hee
would
rather
choose
to
bee
cut
in
pieces
,
or
have
his
head
cut
off
,
then
to
give
his
consent
to
a
thing
so
prejudicial
to
his
Citie
,
and
the
whole
Kingdom
.
Sevilla
,
Cordova
,
Salamanca
,
Toro
,
Zamora
,
and
Sancho
Zimbron
,
Commissioner
of
Avila
,
from
which
they
could
not
bee
drawn
.
Whereupon
the
Parlament
was
adjourned
for
three
or
four
daies
,
there
beeing
amongst
them
such
jealousies
and
fears
as
usually
proceed
from
discontented
mindes
.
SECT.
XVI
.
THe
Kingdom
of
Galicia
was
much
distasted
at
this
Parlament
,
becaus
they
had
no
Commissioner
allowed
,
and
that
Zamora
spake
for
them
,
notwithstanding
Galicia
was
one
of
the
greatest
and
most
ancient
Kingdoms
of
Spain
,
and
the
source
of
the
greatest
Nobilitie
.
The
Arch-Bishop
of
of
Santjago
,
Don
Alonso
de
Fonseca
(
who
was
afterwards
Arch-Bishop
of
Toledo
)
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
and
the
Earl
of
Villalva
Don
Hernando
de
Andrada
,
went
all
together
to
St
Francisco
,
where
the
Parlament
was
kept
,
that
Galicia
is
a
distinct
Kingdom
from
Castilla
,
that
in
former
times
they
had
their
Votes
in
the
Parlaments
held
in
Castilla
,
and
that
(
from
a
certain
time
only
)
they
were
subject
to
the
Votes
of
the
Citie
of
Zamora
(
which
was
of
the
Kingdom
of
Castilla
and
Leon
)
which
was
a
great
grievance
and
prejudice
to
them
;
therefore
they
did
desire
out
of
favor
,
of
the
Commissioners
there
present
,
and
(
if
need
were
)
they
would
require
them
,
that
they
would
admit
of
the
Commissioners
,
which
that
Kingdom
of
Galicia
should
nominate
,
who
should
bee
ready
to
obey
whatsoever
his
Majestie
should
command
them
.
And
in
so
doing
they
would
oblige
them
very
much
:
but
in
case
they
were
refused
,
they
protested
,
that
they
would
not
stand
to
anie
thing
,
that
the
Commissioners
of
Zamora
should
denie
or
grant
;
and
of
that
they
desired
witness
.
Hence
grew
som
hurlie-burlie
and
tumult
in
the
Parlament
.
For
one
Garci
Ruyz
de
la
Mota
(
Bishop
Mota's
brother
)
who
was
Commissioner
for
Burgos
,
took
upon
him
to
answer
,
and
thwarted
the
Earl
of
Villalva
,
with
language
that
was
much
displeasing
.
This
was
forthwith
noised
in
the
Court
;
whereupon
the
Emperor
sent
presently
the
Bishop
Mota
to
qualifie
the
matter
.
Hee
was
hardly
at
the
gate
of
the
Cloister
,
where
the
Parlament
was
held
,
when
hee
met
the
Arch-Bishop
and
the
Earl
coming
forth
.
The
Bishop
perceiving
the
Earl
of
Villalva
much
incensed
,
to
pacifie
his
choller
,
accosted
him
with
very
smooth
and
civil
Language
,
expressing
much
sorrow
,
that
his
brother
had
so
much
forgotten
himself
.
Amongst
other
words
that
passed
between
the
Bishop
and
the
Earl
,
Villalva
chanced
to
let
slip
these
,
You
have
a
prettie
fellow
to
your
brother
,
my
Lord
Bishop
,
and
withall
hee
swore
,
that
(
if
they
supported
him
)
hee
would
join
with
Don
Pedro
Lasso
.
And
in
regard
Don
Pedro
Lasso
was
so
fixed
to
the
interest
of
the
Kingdom
(
which
was
not
very
pleasing
to
Xeures
,
and
others
that
sate
at
the
helm
)
These
words
of
the
Earl's
were
presently
carried
to
the
Palace
;
whereupon
an
Alcalde
de
Casa
y
Corte
(
that
is
,
an
officer
in
the
nature
of
our
Judges
of
oyer
and
terminer
)
commanded
the
●arl
to
quit
the
Court
within
one
houre
,
and
not
to
return
to
it
without
his
Majestie
's
permission
.
At
the
houre
's
end
hee
went
from
Santjago
to
the
Groyne
,
where
his
hous
and
estate
laie
.
But
soon
after
the
Emperor
going
from
Santjago
to
the
Groyne
,
readmitted
him
into
his
presence
and
favor
.
SECT
▪
XVII
.
IN
this
Occurrence
som
Grandees
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
followed
the
Court
,
accused
Xeures
highly
to
Emperor
,
and
bid
him
beware
that
the
Fleming
did
not
counsel
him
for
his
own
ends
.
Hereupon
there
passed
som
angrie
expressions
betwixt
Xeures
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
and
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Santjago
,
and
they
began
to
breed
factions
in
the
Court
.
This
Arch-Bishop
and
som
others
began
to
make
private
meetings
,
Commissioners
(
Don
Iohn
de
Silva
and
Aguirre
)
which
considered
,
the
Emperor
and
his
Council
were
of
opinion
,
that
it
would
not
be
amiss
to
send
to
som
of
the
chief
Officers
that
opposed
it
,
to
come
to
Court
,
and
send
others
,
his
Majestie
's
servants
,
to
supplie
their
places
,
for
taking
som
out
and
supplying
their
places
with
others
,
they
might
do
whatsoever
his
Majestie
commanded
.
To
that
effect
were
presently
dispatched
Orders
,
whereby
Hernando
de
Avalos
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
Iohn
Carrillo
,
Gonzalo
Gaytan
,
Don
Pedro
de
Ayala
and
Pedro
de
Herrera
(
all
Regidores
and
Officers
of
the
Citie
)
were
commanded
under
great
penalties
,
everie
man
of
them
to
make
his
personal
appearance
at
the
Court
within
such
a
time
:
And
Lope
de
Guzman
,
Rodrigo
Ninio
,
and
Martin
de
Ayala
,
were
commanded
under
the
same
penaltie
,
to
go
to
supplie
their
places
at
Toledo
,
to
the
end
that
these
beeing
gon
thither
,
and
the
others
com
away
,
the
Citie
might
revoke
the
powers
,
which
they
had
given
to
Don
Pedro
Lasso
and
Don
Alonso
,
and
give
others
to
Don
Iohn
de
Silva
,
and
Alonso
de
Aguirre
.
These
Orders
beeing
signified
to
the
above-named
,
they
all
excused
themselvs
,
onely
Herrera
,
who
in
obedience
to
his
Majestie
's
Commands
went
to
the
Court
.
These
weeds
of
dissention
increased
daie
by
daie
in
Toledo
,
and
the
other
Cities
of
Castilla
,
and
in
the
Court
it self
manie
bitter
words
were
buzzed
up
and
down
,
countenancing
and
approving
these
proceedings
,
and
the
demands
of
Don
Pedro
Lasso
and
others
,
as
tending
to
the
general
good
of
the
Kingdom
.
SECT.
XVIII
.
THe
Messingers
and
Commissioners
of
Toledo
and
Salamanca
,
with
other
associates
,
made
this
Request
to
the
Rest
;
that
in
regard
the
Commissioners
,
which
Toledo
was
to
send
particularly
for
that
Parlament
,
were
not
yet
com
,
and
those
which
were
there
from
Salamanca
were
not
admitted
,
there
should
bee
nothing
granted
,
or
determined
until
those
of
the
one
and
of
the
other
Citie
were
present
.
If
otherwise
,
they
protested
,
That
it
should
not
bee
anie
Prejudice
to
their
Cities
.
This
beeing
ingrossed
verie
fair
,
they
carriyd
it
to
St
Francisco
where
the
Parlament
sate
,
taking
a
Notarie
with
them
called
Antonio
Rodriguez
(
who
was
afterwards
Clerk
of
the
Iunta
)
And
they
demanded
Audience
.
But
,
notwithstanding
manie
voted
for
them
,
those
of
Toledo
were
refused
,
and
forbidden
to
enter
,
in
respect
they
were
not
Commissioners
appointed
for
that
Parlament
.
Thereupon
they
made
their
Acts
and
Protests
at
the
dore
,
saying
,
that
the
King's
Commissioners
could
not
assemble
in
Parlament
without
the
Commissioners
of
Toledo
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso
and
his
companion
slighted
his
Majestie
's
commands
,
which
were
signified
to
them
by
the
Secretarie
Covos
.
Which
beeing
told
the
Emperor
,
hee
gave
immediate
command
to
banish
them
that
verie
daie
(
beeing
Palm
Sundaie
)
;
and
accordingly
in
the
evening
his
Secretarie
Francisco
de
los
Covos
,
and
Iohn
Ramirez
Secretarie
to
the
Council
of
Iustice
,
went
to
the
lodging
of
those
Toledo-Commissioners
,
and
in
the
Emperor's
name
signified
to
each
of
them
severally
his
M●jestie's
pleasure
,
commanding
Don
Alonso
de
Suarez
the
next
daie
(
beeing
mundaie
)
to
leav
the
Court
,
and
that
within
two
moneths
hee
should
go
serv
●nd
reside
,
where
that
Companie
of
men
laie
whereof
hee
was
Captain
,
where
hee
should
remain
until
further
order
from
his
Majestie
,
under
pain
of
forfeiting
his
goods
,
and
the
said
Captain's
place
.
Don
Pedro
Lasso
was
likewise
commanded
to
absent
from
Court
,
the
same
Mundaie
,
and
within
fortie
daies
,
to
go
and
reside
in
the
Government
of
the
Fort
of
Gibraltar
(
which
was
his
own
inheritance
)
and
not
to
depart
thence
,
without
the
Emperor's
leav
,
under
penaltie
of
forfeiting
that
Command
,
and
all
the
rest
of
his
estate
whatsoever
.
The
Iurates
were
also
commanded
to
leav
the
Court
immediately
.
And
there
was
order
given
in
their
lodgings
,
that
they
should
not
entertein
them
anie
longer
.
They
demanded
Copies
hereof
,
but
were
refused
,
so
they
went
to
Iohn
Ramirez
chamber
,
and
by
much
importunitie
they
obteined
one
,
but
not
signed
.
The
Toledians
beeing
extreamly
troubled
that
they
were
banished
the
Court
with
so
much
rigor
,
two
hours
within
night
,
Don
Pedro
,
and
Don
Alonso
with
the
Iurate
Ortiz
went
to
the
Palace
.
Ortiz
went
in
to
Xeures
,
and
acquainted
him
tha●
such
gentlemen
were
come
to
speak
with
him
.
Xe●res
bad
him
speak
to
his
servants
to
set
up
lights
in
his
chamber
,
and
that
they
should
stay
there
for
him
.
Xeures
beeing
come
,
they
spent
above
two
hours
together
,
and
the
result
of
their
conference
was
:
That
it
seemed
they
took
it
verie
ill
to
bee
thus
forbidden
the
Court
;
therefore
it
was
agreed
that
in
testimonie
of
their
obedience
,
they
should
go
onely
four
or
five
leagues
from
Santjago
,
and
should
leav
som
bodie
in
their
steads
,
to
put
him
in
minde
to
sollicite
the
Emperor
to
revoke
their
banishment
.
The
next
daie
,
beeing
Tuesdaie
,
in
the
morning
they
went
away
,
l●aving
Alonso
de
Ortiz
onely
to
sollicite
Xeures
,
and
to
put
him
in
minde
of
what
was
agreed
betwixt
them
,
and
to
tell
him
that
Don
Pedro
Lasso
and
Don
Alonso
Suarez
were
gon
to
Padron
(
four
leagues
from
Santjago
)
in
obedience
to
his
Majestie
's
Commands
.
Alonso
de
Ortiz
returned
to
the
Palace
,
and
meeting
Covos
,
hee
desired
him
to
help
him
to
the
speech
of
Xeures
.
Xeures
beeing
com
forth
,
Ortiz
beseeched
him
to
perform
what
hee
had
promised
to
those
gentlemen
.
Xeures
told
him
,
that
hee
had
moved
it
alreadie
to
the
Emperor
,
but
could
not
prevail
:
And
that
(
for
ought
hee
saw
)
there
was
no
remedie
,
but
that
they
must
obeie
the
extremitie
of
his
Commands
.
Ortiz
replied
,
that
they
should
have
a
care
what
they
did
therein
,
and
that
it
would
not
redound
to
the
Emperor's
service
,
not
so
much
becaus
those
Commissioners
were
of
the
chief
gentrie
of
the
Kingdom
,
as
that
they
were
deputed
and
sent
by
the
Citie
of
Toledo
,
who
must
take
upon
their
accompt
what
trouble
or
injurie
soever
they
suffered
,
in
regard
they
had
done
nothing
beyond
,
or
contrarie
to
that
which
their
Citie
had
encharged
them
,
for
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
.
Xeures
answere●
,
that
they
had
not
shewn
the
respect
which
they
owe●
to
their
King
,
and
for
that
they
deserved
the
punishmen●
which
hee
had
inflicted
upon
them
,
and
much
more
.
Ortiz
replied
,
That
since
hee
had
the
greatest
privacie
and
freedom
with
his
Majestie
,
hee
was
the
more
obliged
to
see
to
this
matter
,
and
to
consider
with
attention
,
that
the
whole
Kingdom
knew
that
Toledo
had
sent
those
gentlemen
to
treat
of
that
which
concerned
them
all
,
and
that
seeing
them
thus
banished
the
Court
,
they
would
not
think
it
was
for
anie
disrespect
to
his
Majestie
,
(
for
if
any
such
thing
were
they
deserved
double
punishment
)
but
that
they
were
turned
out
of
the
Court
,
that
they
might
not
solicite
the
Kingdom
's
good
,
and
thereupon
they
would
bee
all
scandalized
,
and
such
mischiefs
would
insue
,
as
they
would
not
bee
able
to
remedy
when
they
listed
.
Whereto
Xeures
very
formally
thus
replied
,
what
lightness
is
this
of
Toledo
,
what
lightness
I
say
?
is
the
King
no
King
?
why
doth
no
body
think
of
putting
Kings
in
and
out
at
their
pleasure
?
Alonso
Ortiz
answered
again
,
that
hee
wondred
,
hee
should
speak
so
much
against
Toledo
,
it
beeing
of
such
consequence
,
that
it
was
reputed
the
best
and
most
considerable
Citie
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
had
the
greatest
priveleges
and
immunities
,
which
the
natives
did
enjoie
,
for
the
notable
services
they
had
don
to
the
deceased
Kings
.
Therefore
it
could
not
bee
thought
,
that
Toledo
treated
or
intended
anie
thing
,
but
what
might
suit
with
his
Majestie
's
service
;
Moreover
,
if
hee
pleased
to
look
upon
what
gentlemen
had
gon
into
Flanders
,
to
serv
his
Majestie
against
King
Fernando's
will
(
venturing
there
,
not
onely
their
own
lives
and
fortunes
,
but
their
friend's
and
Kindred's
also
)
hee
would
finde
that
the
most
of
them
were
of
Toledo
.
And
that
those
of
that
Citie
,
were
the
cheif
means
of
paying
the
subsidies
to
King
Phillip
.
And
since
that
Citie
produced
such
gallant
men
,
hee
ought
not
to
beleiv
that
It
's
intention
ever
was
other
,
then
to
do
his
Majestie
service
.
The
Secretary
Francisco
de
los
Covos
heard
all
this
discours
.
These
and
divers
other
means
the
Toledian
Commissioners
used
by
favor
of
som
great
one
's
about
the
Emperor
,
to
obtain
a
revocation
of
their
banishment
,
but
nothing
would
do
,
for
Xeures
and
other
Castilians
of
the
privie
Council
,
opposed
it
.
Don
Alonso
Suarez
prudently
considering
that
their
business
was
foyled
,
and
in
danger
of
beeing
utterly
lost
,
performed
what
hee
was
commanded
,
and
never
after
put
himself
into
those
troubles
,
neither
did
hee
meddle
during
all
the
commotions
of
Castilla
,
whereby
hee
lost
nothing
.
Don
Pedro
Lasso
did
the
like
(
though
late
)
not
understanding
sooner
that
hee
disserved
the
King
.
Thus
ended
the
Embassage
of
Toledo
,
which
was
so
boldly
and
couragiously
performed
by
these
gentlemen
.
Before
the
Emperor
departed
from
Santjago
hee
installed
Knight
of
the
Order
the
Earl
of
Santisteuan
,
the
Marquess
of
Villena's
son
.
The
ceremony
was
celebrated
with
great
sol●mnity
at
the
great
Altar
in
Santjago's
Church
.
SECT
▪
XIX
.
ON
Tuesday
in
the
Holie
week
before
Easter
,
a
Post
came
from
Toledo
with
an
express
to
recall
their
Commissioners
;
This
Post
was
dispatch't
before
there
was
any
notice
of
their
beeing
banished
from
Court
.
Hee
brought
letters
to
his
Majestie
,
som
from
the
Assemblie
of
the
Citie
,
others
from
the
Chapter
of
their
Cathedral
Church
,
and
from
the
Monasteries
and
Fryeries
,
humbly
begging
therein
a
favorable
treatment
of
their
Commissioners
,
not
as
yet
knowing
what
had
passed
.
Moreover
they
mentioned
how
Don
Antonio
de
Cordoua
(
the
Earl
of
Cabra's
brother
)
their
Governor
,
then
beeing
at
Toledo
,
had
produced
certain
orders
from
his
Majestie
to
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
Hernando
de
Avalos
,
and
Gonsalo
Gaytan
,
whereby
they
were
commanded
to
make
their
personal
appearance
at
Court
,
within
a
certain
time
,
under
penaltie
for
default
.
The
reason
that
Toledo
gave
,
why
these
gentlemen
did
not
obey
,
was
,
that
they
were
emploied
about
som
affairs
concerning
the
publick
good
,
and
that
their
absence
would
bee
prejudicial
to
the
whole
Citie
.
And
therefore
they
beseeched
that
his
Majestie
would
suspend
his
command
for
the
present
.
The
gentlemen
that
stayed
at
Padron
,
sent
this
dispatch
,
with
the
instructions
they
had
from
Toledo
,
to
Alonso
Ortiz
,
who
remained
at
Court
.
Hee
presently
went
to
the
Monasterie
of
San
Salvador
,
half
a
league
from
the
Citie
(
where
the
Emperor
had
retired
himself
for
the
Holie
week
)
and
desired
to
enter
to
deliver
the
letters
to
his
Majestie
,
but
hee
found
no
admittance
.
Meeting
Secretarie
Covos
,
hee
acquainted
him
with
his
business
,
and
told
him
that
hee
had
letters
to
deliver
to
the
Emperor
from
Toledo
,
Covos
told
Xeures
this
,
who
forthwith
sent
for
Ortiz
,
and
bad
him
give
him
the
letters
.
But
Ortiz
desired
to
bee
excused
,
for
hee
had
order
to
deliver
them
into
the
Emperor●s
own
hands
,
and
to
none
els
.
Xeures
told
him
,
that
the
Emperor
having
received
the
Sacrament
that
morning
,
was
yet
at
his
devotion
,
and
hee
could
not
speak
with
him
.
Then
they
fell
to
discours
again
about
those
gentlemen's
banishment
,
and
grew
so
hot
at
it
,
that
Xeures
went
away
distasted
,
and
Ortiz
remained
with
small
satisfaction
.
A
little
after
Covos
came
,
and
told
Ortiz
that
Xeures
called
him
.
Ortiz
went
,
and
Xeures
told
him
,
that
resolvedly
hee
could
say
nothing
as
touching
their
banishment
,
so
without
any
more
words
hee
went
into
another
room
.
Ortiz
stayed
behinde
with
Don
Garcia
de
Padilla
,
who
blaming
exceedingly
the
proceedings
of
Toledo
,
said
,
if
his
counsel
might
bee
taken
,
the
Emperor
should
go
thither
(
it
would
bee
but
ten
daies
work
)
and
inflict
som
exemplary
punishment
upon
them
,
that
were
occasion
of
those
troubles
,
whereby
the
rest
might
bee
deterred
and
quieted
.
I
wish
to
God
hee
would
,
said
Ortiz
,
for
then
his
Majestie
would
see
the
great
damages
they
suffered
,
and
give
order
for
som
redress
.
So
they
parted
,
and
Ortiz
went
that
night
to
speak
with
the
Lord
Chancellor
,
for
hee
saw
there
was
no
possibilitie
of
delivering
his
letters
to
the
Emperor
,
nor
of
speaking
with
him
.
The
Chancellor
and
Ortiz
spent
a
great
part
of
the
night
,
without
concluding
anie
thing
to
the
purpose
.
The
Emperor
remained
at
Santjago
,
untill
the
thursday
in
Easter
week
,
and
then
departed
for
the
Groyn
,
where
hee
made
his
entrance
on
Saturday
following
.
Thither
repaired
also
the
Parlament-men
and
Commissioners
to
conclude
all
their
businesses
.
There
were
produced
the
testimonies
,
supplications
and
Acts
,
which
the
Regidores
and
Council
of
Toledo
had
made
concerning
the
commanding
them
to
appear
at
the
Court
,
and
the
Power
which
the
Citie
sent
to
Alonso
Ortiz
,
charging
him
to
do
all
the
diligences
therein
expedient
,
which
hee
did
,
and
presented
himself
to
the
Secretary
Ramirez
.
And
moreover
were
delivered
the
second
Orders
for
their
appearance
,
with
greater
penalties
,
which
had
bin
sent
to
Toledo
and
notified
to
the
gentlemen
there
.
SECT.
XX.
BY
this
time
Toledo
had
notice
of
their
Commissioner's
banishment
,
and
of
the
ill
success
of
their
affairs
in
Court
,
which
,
added
to
the
distaste
those
Orders
had
bred
in
them
,
so
exasperated
their
mindes
that
their
passions
grew
beyond
the
bounds
of
moderation
.
Som
were
seazed
with
fear
,
others
with
vaporing
speeches
carried
it
very
high
,
and
set
themselvs
to
excite
the
People
against
the
Iudges
,
and
those
that
shewed
themselvs
desirous
to
advance
their
Prince's
service
,
possessing
them
that
this
was
for
the
publick
good
,
and
that
it
was
their
interests
and
profit
,
that
then
was
in
agitation
,
especially
Hernando
de
Avalos
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
and
som
others
of
their
faction
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
was
the
onely
Bouttefeu
,
Hernando
de
Avalos
and
other
gentlemen
were
his
Abettors
and
Promoters
,
who
added
fewel
to
the
fire
,
beeing
persons
of
mature
age
and
experience
and
had
acquired
the
repute
of
wise
men
amongst
the
Common
people
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
out
of
passion
,
for
contrary
to
his
discription
hee
was
a
man
of
Singular
wit
,
learning
and
mature
judgment
and
his
Wife
was
a
Ladie
Nobly
descended
and
the
most
Masculine
,
Heroick
Spirit
that
ever
Spain
bred
.
Iohn
de
Padilla's
fault
was
,
that
hee
was
young
,
not
above
thirtie
years
of
age
,
and
not
verie
readie
witted
either
,
but
good
natured
,
and
easie
to
bee
perswaded
to
any
thing
,
they
would
put
him
upon
:
and
hee
wanted
no
instigation
from
these
gentlemen
and
his
wife
Donia
Maria
Pacheco
,
who
was
one
of
the
Kingdome
's
firebrands
.
They
possessed
the
vulgar
with
a
thousand
follies
,
and
lies
intermingled
with
som
trueths
.
That
the
Emperor
,
deserted
the
Kingdome
,
that
hee
left
Strangers
to
govern
,
that
his
favorites
and
Officers
had
robb'd
the
Kingdom
,
leaving
the
Countrie
lean
,
poor
and
dismantled
of
all
it's
fruits
and
wealth
:
These
things
they
caused
to
bee
published
in
the
Pulpits
,
And
to
the
end
they
might
the
better
communicate
their
passion
,
and
give
everie
one
a
dose
of
this
infectious
drug
,
they
advised
to
assemble
the
people
.
In
that
Citie
there
is
a
great
Congregation
or
fraternitie
called
the
fraternitie
of
Charitie
,
which
used
every
year
to
make
a
Solemn
Procession
;
upon
this
occasion
there
was
one
ordained
to
go
from
St
Iusta's
Church
to
the
Cathedral
.
Som
(
especially
Don
Hernando
de
Silva
,
Antonio
Alvarez
de
Toledo
,
and
others
of
their
opinion
)
knowing
to
what
end
this
Solemnitie
was
ordayned
,
highlie
opposed
it
,
saying
that
,
it
was
prejudicial
to
the
King
,
and
that
it
was
onely
a
plot
and
cunning
trick
of
those
that
were
disaffected
,
and
Don
Hernando
required
the
chief
of
the
Congregation
not
to
make
anie
such
tumultuous
meetings
(
under
color
of
devotion
)
to
disturb
the
People
to
the
King's
prejudice
and
dishonor
of
justice
,
for
if
they
did
,
hee
with
his
friends
and
servants
would
hinder
it
.
They
valued
not
these
words
but
rejoiced
that
Don
Hernando
de
Silva
did
appear
in
the
business
,
for
that
would
open
them
the
way
(
as
they
desired
)
to
augment
the
distemper
of
the
People
,
and
enkindle
their
indignation
.
And
it
fell
out
so
,
for
the
People
resenting
and
condemning
highly
Don
Hernando's
request
,
looked
on
him
as
an
enimie
of
the
Countrie
,
and
as
one
that
did
not
onely
contradict
and
hinder
the
good
of
the
common
people
;
But
also
the
most
sacred
practices
of
devotion
.
To
bee
short
,
they
did
go
in
Procession
and
in
the
Letanie
they
praied
that
God
would
enlighten
the
understanding
and
direct
the
Heart
of
the
Emperor
well
and
piously
to
rule
and
govern
those
Kingdoms
.
Don
Hernando
did
not
execute
his
Intention
,
beeing
advertised
to
the
contrarie
by
the
Governor
,
to
avoid
further
scandal
.
In
the
Procession
there
were
som
things
done
,
more
then
needed
,
in
scorn
and
derision
of
those
that
did
not
follow
that
opinion
,
and
much
murmuring
against
them
.
Wherewith
the
People
generally
thence
forwards
were
so
infected
,
and
divers
grew
so
audacious
,
that
justice
had
no
force
nor
respect
among
them
.
The
disorder
and
confusion
became
excessive
,
and
there
was
nothing
in
the
Citie
done
,
for
the
most
part
,
or
concluded
in
Council
or
without
,
but
what
was
dictated
or
approved
by
Hernando
de
Avalos
,
and
Iohn
de
Padilla
.
So
Don
Hernando
de
Sylva
resolved
to
leav
Toledo
and
go
to
the
Emperor
.
SECT.
XXI
.
THe
Emperor
knew
all
this
,
when
Alonso
Ortiz
petitioned
concerning
the
Orders
for
the
Officers
of
Toledo
to
appear
in
Court
,
and
Commanded
to
bee
delivered
the
Second
Orders
,
that
I
mentioned
,
which
were
notified
.
Iuan
de
Padilla
delt
with
two
gentle-men
(
his
kinsmen
)
one
called
Pedro
de
Acunia
(
who
married
one
of
his
sisters
)
the
other
Diego
de
Merlo
(
who
married
a
Cousin-german
of
his
)
both
powerful
men
in
Toledo
:
telling
them
,
they
knew
that
the
Emperor
had
sent
for
him
and
other
gentlemen
of
the
Citie
,
to
make
their
personal
appearance
at
Court.
And
that
upon
the
first
and
second
Orders
they
had
excused
themselvs
,
but
the
third
Command
beeing
com
,
Pedro
de
Acunia
and
Diego
de
Merlo
(
who
had
bin
bred
at
Court
)
prudently
considering
what
Iohn
de
Padilla
and
the
rest
of
his
Consorts
demanded
,
told
them
,
that
Proposition
sounded
not
well
in
their
ears
,
and
they
desired
to
bee
excused
for
not
ingaging
in
so
rash
and
unadvised
an
enterprise
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
and
the
rest
,
perceiving
there
was
no
hopes
of
bringing
these
men
to
their
byas
,
went
and
agreed
with
the
Fryars
of
St
Augustin
and
those
of
St
Iuan
de
los
Reyes
,
That
the
general
Procession
beeing
com
from
the
Cathedral
Church
to
the
Augustines
,
and
the
People
all
assembled
,
those
Fryars
should
lay
hands
upon
them
(
whom
his
Majestie
had
commanded
to
appear
in
Court
)
(
which
they
alleadged
they
might
safely
do
,
in
regard
men
of
their
Coat
had
nothing
to
loos
,
and
were
exempt
besides
from
any
punishment
the
King
could
iuflict
upon
them
.
)
This
beeing
agreed
upon
,
it
hapned
that
going
in
the
Procession
Hernando
de
Avalos
and
Don
Francisco
de
Herrera
,
a
Canon
of
Toledo
and
Chaplain
Major
of
the
King's
Chappel
(
who
was
afterwards
Arch-Bishop
of
Granada
ten
daies
onely
)
fell
to
words
;
which
occasioned
so
great
a
nois
and
hurly-burly
amongst
the
People
,
that
to
pacifie
them
the
former
agreement
was
forgotten
,
So
their
design
took
no
effect
.
Padilla
and
his
Consorts
,
seeing
they
could
not
accomplish
their
desires
,
That
the
Emperor
departed
not
the
Kingdom
as
yet
,
and
that
the
prefixed
time
of
their
appearance
at
Court
was
exspired
,
Hernando
de
Avalos
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
and
the
rest
,
were
great
sticklers
for
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
that
particularly
for
the
benefit
of
that
Citie
they
had
exposed
themselvs
to
so
great
danger
,
They
thought
themselvs
obliged
to
countenance
and
assist
them
,
and
not
to
suffer
them
to
go
out
of
Toledo
,
and
were
glad
of
the
Emploiment
;
For
besides
that
of
their
own
disposition
they
were
seditious
,
and
na●urally
affected
novelties
,
the
hope
of
recompence
,
and
seeing
what
esteem
and
value
those
Gentlemen
set
upon
them
,
animated
them
with
a
desperate
vain
courage
to
doe
,
as
followeth
.
SECT.
XXII
.
HErnando
de
Avalos
and
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
seeing
their
design
goe
forward
to
their
own
contentments
,
agreed
to
make
a
shew
as
if
they
intended
to
perform
the
Emperror's
Commands
,
in
appearing
at
Court
.
So
beeing
fitted
for
the
journey
they
took
Witnesses
of
their
departure
,
the
sixteenth
of
April
:
Iohn
de
Padilla
was
no
sooner
out
of
his
hous
,
but
a
rabble
of
forty
or
fiftie
men
(
who
had
the
watch-word
)
met
him
in
the
street
,
and
in
a
violent
tumultuous
manner
laying
hands
on
him
,
som
cryed
out
,
let
us
keep
Iohn
de
Padilla
here
,
let
him
not
go
to
the
Court
:
Others
,
let
us
never
consent
that
hee
or
any
of
the
other
gentlemen
should
go
out
of
Toledo
;
for
that
would
bee
the
ruine
of
the
Common-People
,
and
it
were
an
exceeding
crueltie
and
ingratitude
to
let
them
go
to
the
Court
to
suffer
there
.
kill
kill
Xeures
and
the
Flemings
that
have
robb'd
Spain
,
and
let
Hernando
de
Avalos
,
and
Iohn
de
Padilla
(
the
Fathers
and
Defenders
of
this
Republick
)
live
,
let
them
live
:
With
this
tumultuous
nois
and
hubbub
they
hurried
away
Iohn
de
Padilla
prisoner
,
notwithstanding
hee
protested
and
required
them
(
with
a
cunningly
framed
dissimulation
)
that
they
would
let
him
go
to
fulfil
the
commands
hee
had
received
from
his
Majestie
.
Having
put
him
into
a
Chappel
in
a
Part
of
the
Cathedral
Church
,
called
the
Bishop
Don
Pedro
Tenoma's
Cloister
,
they
made
him
swear
as
hee
was
a
gentlman
,
that
hee
would
remain
a
Prisoner
in
that
Chappel
,
and
not
offer
to
stir
out
of
it
without
leav
or
order
from
them
.
then
they
fetched
Hernando
de
Avalos
,
Gonsalo
Gaytan
,
Don
Pedro
de
Ayala
and
the
rest
,
and
committing
them
all
prisoners
in
the
same
Chappel
,
they
set
guards
upon
them
.
These
gentlemen
made
protest
upon
protest
against
that
detaining
of
them
,
whereby
they
were
disenabled
to
undertake
their
journie
to
C●urt
,
and
perform
what
the
Emperor's
Orders
imported
,
but
they
were
very
glad
within
themselvs
of
that
invention
so
handsomly
to
prevent
their
going
.
SECT.
XXIII
.
THis
done
,
the
same
Mutineers
went
to
the
Governor
Don
Antonio
de
Cordoua
,
and
required
him
to
recall
and
make
void
the
Notification
of
the
Emperor's
Orders
,
which
hee
had
made
to
those
gentlemen
,
and
chiefly
that
hee
would
command
them
,
under
pain
of
death
,
not
to
obey
that
summons
.
The
Governor
began
to
shew
his
courage
,
and
commanded
a
Proclamation
to
bee
read
in
every
street
,
that
they
should
all
retire
to
their
dwellings
and
lay
down
their
Armes
.
But
they
slighted
his
autoritie
and
in
stead
of
obeying
,
they
began
to
cry
out
,
som
let
us
kill
him
,
others
let
us
turn
him
and
all
his
Officers
out
,
and
choos
others
for
the
Communalty
.
Seeing
himself
in
this
danger
,
and
possessed
with
a
panick
fear
,
to
pleas
the
People
,
Hee
did
what
they
required
,
And
sent
immediately
to
the
Gentlemen
Prisoners
an
absolute
Command
not
to
go
out
of
the
Citie
,
but
remain
there
,
for
so
doing
would
bee
more
conducing
to
his
Majestie
's
service
.
Hereof
they
took
certificates
,
which
they
sent
to
Alonso
Ortiz
,
that
hee
might
present
them
to
his
Majestie
in
their
defence
,
which
hee
did
accordingly
,
and
spake
to
som
of
the
Council
about
it
,
believing
the
matter
had
been
really
so
,
and
urging
for
instance
that
his
Majestie
did
not
see
what
was
most
expedient
for
the
Kingdome
's
good
,
as
they
desired
.
Som
are
of
opinion
that
if
the
Governor
of
Toledo
had
Punished
that
seditious
tumult
in
stead
of
condescending
to
their
desires
(
which
hee
might
then
have
don
)
hee
had
prevented
a
world
of
miserie
and
mischief
,
that
was
occasioned
by
the
succeeding
war.
For
the
beginners
of
that
hubbub
were
not
many
,
and
of
meanest
of
the
people
.
And
at
that
time
there
were
divers
gentlemen
in
Toledo
,
who
would
have
assisted
him
in
the
suppressing
of
them
,
especially
Don
Iohn
de
Sylva
with
divers
of
his
kindred
and
opinion
,
although
som
of
them
were
drawn
the
other
way
.
The
Governor's
timiditie
and
want
of
resolution
so
much
emboldned
the
People
,
that
they
seized
on
him
and
others
that
would
have
prosecuted
against
the
first
and
chief
instruments
of
this
commotion
.
Which
had
been
otherwise
carried
if
the
Governor
had
had
so
much
Spirit
and
courage
as
hee
ought
,
but
that
was
so
little
,
that
hee
retired
himself
into
his
hous
,
where
hee
continued
som
few
dayes
without
anie
power
or
respect
,
after
which
hee
left
the
Citie
for
fear
least
the
People
should
murther
him
.
SECT.
XXIV
.
HErnando
de
Avalos
and
Iohn
de
Padilla
perceiving
that
to
avoid
one
mischief
they
had
fallen
into
a
greater
,
bethought
themselvs
that
(
in
respect
the
Emperor
was
then
ready
to
go
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
to
excuse
and
free
themselvs
from
the
punishment
which
the
Governor
(
though
hee
deferred
it
)
was
to
inflict
upon
them
)
It
would
bee
most
expedient
for
their
purpose
to
incite
the
whole
people
to
rise
up
in
Arms
,
and
having
possessed
themselvs
of
the
justice
,
the
Fort
,
and
the
bridges
,
to
defend
themselvs
against
whomsoever
.
To
this
effect
they
solicited
som
Fryers
and
Priests
to
declare
with
aggravation
in
their
Pulpits
the
damages
and
miseries
the
Kingdom
then
suffered
,
That
no
Offices
nor
Benefices
of
value
were
bestowed
upon
the
Natives
,
but
the
Flemings
enjoied
all
▪
That
no
places
of
Trust
or
Honor
were
conferred
upon
them
,
for
either
their's
or
their
Predecessor's
merits
or
services
,
but
must
bee
purchased
with
great
sums
of
monie
.
Thus
began
the
Priests
to
move
the
People's
hearts
,
Commending
and
applauding
much
what
they
had
don
,
and
urging
that
the
Kingdom
was
tyranised
over
:
That
the
Castilians
were
debased
and
vilified
.
That
they
should
bee
loaded
with
new
taxes
,
That
every
head
of
Cattle
should
pay
such
a
rate
,
and
every
hous
so
much
.
And
that
in
this
respect
whosoever
would
ingage
himself
in
the
defence
of
the
Kingdom
,
with
the
liberties
and
freedoms
thereof
,
should
purchase
an
eternall
memorie
.
Hereupon
the
fire
grew
so
violent
that
those
who
discreetly
would
not
ingage
in
these
combustions
,
for
fear
of
beeing
murthered
,
were
enforced
either
to
flie
from
the
Citie
,
or
confine
themselvs
to
their
own
houses
.
And
the
most
considerable
,
amongst
whom
were
som
Regidores
and
Iurates
of
the
Citie
,
took
refuge
in
the
Fort
with
Don
Iohn
de
Rivera
,
or
Sylva
,
who
kept
it
at
his
own
charge
,
and
was
retired
thither
,
with
som
of
his
Kindred
,
Children
,
and
servants
.
Thence
hee
sent
to
his
Tenants
in
several
places
to
bring
him
in
provisions
,
for
the
sodain
and
unexspected
necessitie
of
his
flying
thither
did
not
permit
to
furnish
himself
with
what
was
needful
.
And
those
of
the
Communalty
(
as
they
already
styled
themselvs
)
which
was
the
rest
of
the
Citie
,
following
them
who
took
upon
them
to
bee
the
most
wise
,
set
themselvs
to
fortifie
and
repair
the
wals
and
places
of
importance
,
fearing
the
damage
they
might
receive
from
abroad
(
for
within
they
feared
nothing
)
and
possessed
themselvs
of
the
gates
and
Bridges
which
were
under
Don
Iohn's
command
.
SECT.
XXV
.
THings
beeing
in
this
condition
the
Earl
of
Palma
,
Don
Luis
Puerto
Carrero
fearing
the
mischiefs
this
Commotion
might
produce
,
sent
an
express
to
inform
the
Emperor
of
the
several
passages
in
the
Citie
,
that
h●e
might
sodainly
provide
som
remedy
.
In
this
interim
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
Don
Alonso
Suarez
,
Miguel
de
Hita
and
Alonso
Ortiz
were
com
again
all
to
Sant●ago
,
and
although
som
gentlemen
,
their
friends
had
counselled
them
to
bee
gon
in
order
to
his
Majestie
's
commands
,
and
not
to
stay
any
longer
about
the
Court
,
becaus
the
Emperor
(
beeing
already
incensed
at
the
Audaciousness
of
the
Toledians
)
might
perchance
command
them
to
bee
punished
,
as
believing
them
to
bee
the
occasioners
thereof
.
Yet
they
still
continued
at
Sant●ago
without
fearing
much
what
could
befal
them
.
The
Constable
of
Castilla
and
Garci
Lasso
de
la
Vega
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso's
brother
,
Seeing
this
,
earnestly
desired
the
King's
Soliciter
(
who
was
resident
at
Toledo
)
that
hee
would
with
all
expedition
go
to
Sant●ago
,
and
perswade
them
to
depart
thence
,
becaus
Don
Pedro
Lasso
had
but
five
dayes
remaining
of
the
forty
which
were
limited
him
to
retire
to
Gibraltar
.
The
Soliciter
presently
took
Post
for
Santjago
,
and
communicated
to
them
what
the
Constable
and
Garci
Lasso
had
injoined
him
,
besides
hee
told
them
his
own
opinion
and
how
rotten
the
hearts
of
the
People
were
in
Toledo
▪
Hee
prevailed
with
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
that
he
should
depart
the
next
day
(
which
hee
did
)
.
Passing
through
Zamora
hee
declared
there
what
commands
had
bin
layd
upon
him
,
which
troubled
and
incensed
the
People
,
as
you
shall
see
hereafter
.
SECT.
XXVI
.
THe
Common
People
of
Toledo
beeing
thus
distempered
,
they
determined
to
possess
themselvs
of
the
Fort
as
well
as
of
the
Gates
and
bridges
of
the
Citie
.
To
this
effect
a
nois
was
spread
amongst
them
that
Don
Iohn
de
Sylva
was
a
Traytor
to
the
good
of
the
Communalty
,
and
that
it
was
fit
to
take
the
Fort
from
him
and
turn
him
out
of
Toledo
.
The
Multitude
gathered
together
to
assault
it
,
and
in
regard
during
the
Reigns
of
the
Catholick
Kings
there
had
bin
so
much
peace
and
so
little
use
of
armes
,
all
Forts
and
places
of
strength
were
very
ill
repaired
,
and
unprovided
aswel
of
arms
as
victuals
.
Don
Iohn
perceiving
the
People's
fury
and
malice
(
as
you
have
heard
)
fortified
himself
the
best
hee
could
,
taking
into
the
Fort
with
him
divers
gentlemen
and
others
to
the
number
of
about
four
hundred
,
all
resolved
to
defend
themselvs
against
the
People
,
if
assailed
by
them
.
The
multitude
perceiving
this
,
determined
first
to
take
the
Gates
and
Bridges
of
the
Citie
;
so
they
went
forthwith
to
the
Gate
of
Visagra
,
and
to
the
Port
of
Cambron
which
they
gained
without
resistance
.
One
of
the
Iurates
called
Miguel
de
Hita
(
who
the●
was
joint-Commissioner
with
Don
Pedro
Lasso
and
Don
Alonso
Suarez
)
was
commander
of
the
Bridg
of
Alcantara
,
in
whose
absence
his
Lievtenant
could
not
so
wel
defend
the
tower
of
the
bridg
but
that
in
short
time
they
were
masters
of
it
.
Thence
they
went
to
St
Martin's
Bridg
,
whereof
was
Commander
Clement
de
Aguayo
a
man
of
great
courage
,
and
hee
had
provided
himself
with
som
friends
and
servants
to
help
him
,
they
assaulted
him
desperately
,
and
hee
with
no
less
resolution
defended
himself
,
until
by
meer
strength
they
forced
an
entrance
into
the
first
Tower
of
the
Bridg
on
that
side
towards
the
Citie
,
Don
Iohn
de
Sylva
(
who
defended
the
Fort
)
and
the
better
sort
of
those
that
came
against
it
:
This
treaty
continued
a
good
while
;
at
length
Don
Iohn
seeing
divers
of
his
neer
kinsmen
against
him
,
his
friends
and
Allies
,
and
considering
that
hee
wanted
provisions
to
make
anie
long
resistance
,
to
avoid
the
damages
his
standing
out
might
have
occasioned
,
suffered
himself
to
bee
perswaded
to
deliver
up
the
Fort
,
upon
condition
that
one
of
his
own
servants
should
remain
as
Commander
having
first
taken
the
Oath
of
fealty
.
Thus
on
Saturday
21
of
April
Don
Iohn
and
his
Children
with
the
other
gentlemen
and
friends
that
were
retired
thither
,
came
out
of
the
Fort
,
and
went
to
a
village
of
his
four
leagues
thence
,
from
which
place
hee
wrote
again
to
the
Emperor
informing
him
how
the
People
had
taken
the
Fort
from
him
,
and
possessed
themselvs
of
all
the
Gates
and
Bridges
of
the
Citie
,
which
news
incensed
his
Majestie
very
much
,
yet
hee
did
not
resolve
to
send
any
Souldiery
thither
,
becaus
every
one
told
him
that
beeing
a
business
of
no
foundation
,
it
must
needs
fall
again
of
it self
.
All
this
passed
before
the
Governor
went
out
of
the
Citie
,
or
gave
up
his
Staff
.
So
all
the
Common
People
,
conducted
by
their
Chiefs
,
went
next
unto
his
hous
and
made
him
swear
that
hee
should
hold
his
staff
,
or
acknowledg
his
autoritie
and
Office
as
from
the
Communalty
of
Toledo
.
Hee
beeing
affrighted
with
this
tumult
,
condescended
to
what
they
would
have
him
do
;
the
People
soon
after
broke
out
,
and
did
what
they
listed
,
seeing
him
so
helpless
and
so
void
of
resolution
.
The
Citie
thus
wanting
both
Governor
and
Don
Iohn
de
Sylva
,
Those
of
the
Communaltie
became
freemen
and
Lords
of
all
,
They
constituted
Deputies
,
and
began
to
settle
a
form
of
government
at
their
own
pleasures
,
Saying
they
did
it
in
the
name
of
the
King
,
Queen
and
Communaltie
.
In
this
manner
began
the
great
troubles
and
commotions
of
Toledo
.
SECT
▪
XXVII
.
DOn
Pedro
Lasso
arrived
at
a
village
of
his
,
called
Cueua
,
in
his
way
to
Gibraltar
,
whither
hee
intended
to
go
like
a
good
and
Loial
Subject
in
obedience
to
his
Majestie
's
Command
,
although
the
fortie
dayes
(
hee
was
limited
)
were
expired
.
But
Toledo
having
notice
of
his
beeing
there
,
They
sent
to
desire
him
to
return
to
the
Citie
.
Hee
would
have
excused
himself
,
Saying
that
hee
was
to
repair
to
Gibraltar
in
Order
to
that
which
the
Emperor
had
commanded
.
whereupon
they
ordered
a
party
of
Hors
to
seiz
upon
him
and
bring
him
thither
,
Hee
not
beeing
able
to
withstand
them
,
went
(
though
seemingly
)
against
his
will
,
and
got
privately
into
his
own
hous
,
but
could
not
keep
himself
long
concealed
,
for
the
People
gathering
presently
together
went
to
his
hous
,
and
forcing
him
to
com
forth
,
carried
him
to
the
Church
.
Hee
rode
on
horsback
and
the
People
went
on
foot
by
him
with
great
acclamations
of
joie
applauding
and
extolling
the
Valor
and
resolution
hee
had
shewen
in
their
behalfs
(
for
indeed
at
that
time
Hee
was
beloved
and
highly
esteemed
not
onely
of
that
People
,
but
of
the
whole
Kingdom
)
▪
This
favor
and
honor
which
everie
one
did
him
made
him
not
reflect
so
soon
upon
his
Error
.
For
Don
Pedro
was
a
very
sweet
dispositioned
gentleman
without
malice
,
and
,
besides
his
good
natur●
,
a
great
friend
to
justice
and
the
weal
of
his
country
,
and
therefore
hee
ingaged
so
far
in
those
first
broils
.
Whosoever
knew
what
hee
was
,
will
acknowledg
all
this
,
for
the
noble
bloud
that
ran
in
his
veins
would
not
suffer
him
to
degenerate
from
his
Ancestor's
generositie
,
who
were
of
the
Grandees
of
Spain
,
Hee
beeing
son
to
Don
Garci
Lasso
de
la
Vega
,
Comendador
mayor
de
Leon
,
(
one
of
the
most
renowned
gentlemen
that
were
in
the
times
of
the
Catholick
Kings
)
;
Don
Pedro
L●ss●
.
Sa●cha
de
Guzman
Ladie
of
Batres
,
descended
from
that
most
illustrious
familie
of
the
Guzmans
of
Leon
,
was
his
mother
.
Hee
was
nephew
to
Don
Gomez
Xuarez
de
Figueroa
Father
to
the
first
Earl
of
Feria
,
and
to
the
Lady
Eluina
Lasso
de
la
Vega
,
sister
to
the
Marquis
of
Santillana
,
which
two
houses
Vega
and
Mendosa
,
were
of
the
most
Illustrious
families
of
all
Spain
.
This
was
his
extraction
,
and
it
is
to
bee
expected
that
his
thoughts
and
desires
to
serv
his
Prince
should
bee
correspondent
,
as
the
Emperor
and
his
son
King
Philip
had
good
experience
of
afterwards
.
Who
in
times
very
troublesom
(
when
they
had
need
of
men
of
resolution
and
loialty
)
sent
Garci
Lasso
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso's
son
,
their
Embassador
to
Paul
the
fourth
about
businesses
of
very
high
consequence
and
great
difficulty
.
I
finde
my self
obliged
to
this
digression
for
the
honor
of
so
noble
a
person
,
It
beeing
no
less
then
my
dutie
not
to
suffer
such
eminent
virtues
to
bee
buried
in
Oblivion
,
although
it
doth
somwhat
hinder
the
Story
.
SECT.
XXVIII
.
IT
was
generally
voted
by
the
Communalty
of
Toledo
(
which
already
gave
themselvs
the
attribute
of
Holie
)
for
further
security
of
their
place
and
persons
,
That
it
was
expedient
to
turn
the
Governor
and
all
his
Officers
out
of
the
Citie
,
notwithstanding
hee
had
taken
an
Oath
to
Officiate
for
them
.
For
the
better
effecting
whereof
they
raised
a
mutinie
pretending
to
kill
him
,
and
to
take
away
the
staves
from
Him
,
his
Lievtenant
and
other
Officers
,
who
presently
delivered
them
for
fear
of
their
lives
.
The
Governor
,
the
Lord
chief
Justice
and
the
High
Sheriff
,
fled
to
Don
Pedro
Lasso's
hous
for
refuge
,
where
hee
secured
them
,
and
Hernando
de
Avalos
with
som
other
gentlemen
:
The
tumult
of
the
Common
People
beeing
appeased
,
they
were
conducted
out
of
the
Citie
on
foot
,
then
they
took
hors
and
rode
to
Alcala
de
Henares
.
Whence
the
Governor
sent
one
of
his
Officers
,
named
Don
Pedro
del
Castillo
,
to
inform
the
Emperor
of
these
passages
in
Toledo
.
The
Citie
set
guards
at
all
their
gates
and
Avenues
,
that
no
body
should
go
out
to
give
notice
of
their
proceedings
,
nor
anie
one
com
in
without
beeing
examined
who
hee
was
,
whence
hee
came
and
what
letters
hee
brought
.
All
this
was
done
by
the
general
command
and
consent
of
all
the
gentlemen
that
assisted
in
this
insurrection
of
the
Common
People
,
and
all
the
Fryers
and
Priests
,
excepting
som
few
who
absented
and
withdrew
themselvs
,
though
with
danger
of
their
lives
.
The
Order
they
kept
to
conform
themselvs
in
these
disorders
,
was
,
That
every
time
they
were
to
treat
of
anie
business
,
the
inhabitants
of
every
perticular
parish
were
to
assemble
,
and
two
publick
Notaries
with
them
,
before
whom
every
man
,
how
mean
soever
,
was
to
sit
down
and
declare
his
opinion
.
SECT.
XXIX
.
THe
8th
of
Maie
in
the
same
year
was
published
at
the
Groyn
this
rising
of
Toledo
,
som
were
glad
of
it
,
others
sorry
,
every
one
according
as
hee
stood
affected
.
Som
advised
the
Emperor
to
take
post
and
go
to
Toledo
,
and
inflict
som
exemplarie
punishment
upon
the
principal
delinquents
,
which
might
bee
a
means
to
keep
the
whole
Kingdom
in
subjection
.
The
Emperor
beeing
young
and
full
of
Spirit
approved
of
that
counsel
,
but
Monsieur
de
Xeures
disswaded
him
,
fearing
greater
disorders
if
hee
went
thither
,
and
knowing
the
strength
and
scituation
of
that
Citie
,
besides
considering
the
heat
of
the
people's
fury
,
and
that
the
mischief
would
bee
greater
,
if
they
had
the
impudence
to
affront
him
in
Person
,
as
it
was
probable
they
would
,
fearing
to
bee
punished
for
what
they
had
don
already
;
That
their
fury
beeing
most
violent
in
the
beginning
(
which
time
alone
could
mitigate
and
appeas
)
their
first
impetuosity
would
soon
bee
over
,
as
most
commonly
it
is
observed
in
such
commotions
,
which
kindled
with
a
little
fire
and
without
any
grounds
,
are
allayed
again
with
as
little
water
.
Besides
all
these
allegations
Xeures
had
a
longing
desire
to
bee
in
his
own
Country
,
verifying
in
that
this
saying
,
That
wheresoever
the
Treasure
is
,
there
is
the
heart
also
.
Moreover
the
Emperor
had
a
particular
necessitie
,
for
a
thousand
reasons
which
neerly
concerned
the
reputat●on
of
his
person
,
not
to
defer
his
departure
,
but
rather
to
hasten
it
all
hee
could
,
beeing
exceedingly
urged
by
the
Princes
Electors
,
and
that
hee
might
not
give
his
enemies
anie
time
to
hinder
the
Election
of
the
Empire
,
the
King
of
England
beeing
then
likewise
in
expectation
of
som
interest
therein
.
And
besides
it
was
of
no
small
consequence
for
him
to
bee
gon
,
before
the
King
of
France
was
joined
with
the
King
of
England
,
who
were
reported
to
meet
the
first
of
Iune
at
Calis
.
These
considerations
setled
the
Emperor's
determination
of
going
into
Germanie
,
his
Council
supposing
that
the
business
of
Toledo
would
go
no
further
,
no
body
imagining
what
afterwards
did
ensue
.
SECT.
XXX
.
THings
beeing
in
the
condition
I
have
declared
,
The
Commissioners
of
Toledo
never
came
to
the
Parlament
,
which
was
concluded
by
them
that
were
there
,
who
granted
his
Majestie
the
subsidie
hee
desired
,
which
was
two
hundred
Millions
of
Marauediz
to
bee
payd
in
three
years
,
whereunto
som
would
not
consent
,
and
those
that
did
had
trouble
and
displeasure
enough
from
their
Cities
for
it
.
Salamanca
,
Toro
,
Madrid
,
Murcia
,
Cordoua
,
and
Toledo
opposed
,
whose
Commi●sioners
had
no
hand
in
the
granting
it
,
neither
came
they
into
the
Parlament-hous
;
One
of
the
Commissioners
of
Leon
refused
it
,
the
other
consented
.
Of
those
that
did
allow
it
,
som
were
induced
thereto
by
their
own
particular
interests
,
few
out
of
zeal
or
affection
to
his
Majestie
's
service
.
The
Emperor
beeing
ready
to
depart
,
onely
staying
for
a
winde
,
and
his
desire
granted
for
matter
of
subsidie
(
although
som
of
his
Council
were
of
opinion
that
hee
should
not
receiv
it
,
as
Don
Alonso
Telles
,
Lord
of
La
Puebla
de
Montalvan
,
Bishop
Mota
and
Francisco
de
Vargas
)
His
Majestie
sent
for
those
Grandees
of
the
Kingdom
that
were
then
there
,
who
were
Don
Diego
Lopez
de
Pacheco
Marquis
of
Villena
,
Don
Inigo
de
Velasco
Constable
of
Castilla
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
the
Duke
of
Alburquerque
,
the
Duke
of
Medina
Celi
,
the
Marquis
of
Astorga
,
the
Earl
of
Lemos
,
the
Earl
of
Monterrey
,
and
the
Commissioners
of
the
Kingdom
then
present
,
to
whom
hee
sayd
hee
was
then
ready
to
depart
,
beeing
neerly
concerned
in
the
election
of
the
Empire
,
and
that
,
God
willing
,
hee
would
sodainly
return
,
In
mean
time
hee
left
governor
of
those
Kingdomes
the
Cardinal
Adriano
Bishop
of
Tortosa
one
of
his
Council
,
who
was
a
person
eminent
for
his
learning
and
good
conscience
,
and
hee
required
and
commanded
them
to
assist
and
favor
him
that
his
Kingdomes
might
bee
well
governed
.
The
major
part
of
these
gentlemen
disliked
this
motion
for
som
reasons
,
whereof
one
was
that
the
Cardinal
was
a
stranger
,
but
som
approving
it
,
the
Emperor
took
no
notice
of
the
opposers
,
neither
did
hee
admit
of
any
replies
.
SECT.
XXXI
.
THe
Emperor
being
at
the
Groyn
divers
requests
were
made
to
him
in
the
Kingdom●s
name
,
as
followeth
,
That
his
Majestie
would
bee
pleased
to
return
speedily
into
those
Kingdomes
and
govern
them
in
his
own
person
,
as
his
predecessors
had
done
.
For
nothing
that
they
could
ask
him
would
bee
so
satisfactor●e
and
acceptable
to
those
Kingdoms
as
his
safe
and
speedy
return
,
in
regard
Spain
was
not
accustomed
to
bee
without
their
King
,
neither
could
they
bee
governed
by
any
other
with
the
peace
and
quiet
which
is
necessary
and
expedient
.
That
assoon
as
hee
should
com
back
hee
would
bee
pleased
to
marry
for
the
universal
good
of
the
Kingdoms
,
that
they
might
have
the
seed
of
his
Roial
Person
to
succeed
him
,
in
regard
his
age
did
require
it
.
That
the
Queen's
Court
might
bee
put
into
such
order
as
was
suitable
to
the
dignitie
of
Her
Roial
Person
and
the
honor
of
those
Kingdoms
.
That
Shee
might
have
Officers
of
trust
about
her
,
who
should
bee
well
treated
and
incouraged
with
good
rewards
.
That
at
his
return
hee
would
bee
pleased
to
bring
with
him
no
Flemings
,
French
,
or
other
strangers
,
to
have
any
Office
of
importance
in
those
Kingdoms
,
but
that
hee
would
advance
and
employ
the
natives
of
that
Country
who
would
serv
him
with
much
loyaltie
and
affection
.
That
those
Kingdoms
beeing
at
Peace
and
under
his
Majestie
's
subjection
,
hee
would
not
bring
anie
souldiers
of
Forreign
Countries
for
defence
thereof
,
or
to
bee
guards
of
his
own
person
.
Alleadging
that
in
that
Countrie
the
People
beeing
very
warlike
and
of
courage
enough
to
conquer
other
Nations
,
what
might
they
think
could
bee
the
reason
,
but
his
distrust
of
them
,
if
hee
should
take
strangers
for
his
guard
.
That
Hee
would
govern
and
settle
his
hous
in
such
order
as
the
Catholick
Kings
his
forefathers
,
and
other
Kings
his
Predecessors
had
done
.
That
no
wages
or
pensions
should
bee
given
to
the
Wives
or
Children
of
anie
Courtiers
that
were
not
in
service
,
unless
in
acknowledgment
and
recompence
of
services
done
by
the
Father
deceased
,
hee
would
gratifie
the
surviving
Children
.
That
in
regard
there
were
many
superfluous
Offices
added
in
the
Queen's
houshould
,
which
were
not
of
former
times
,
they
should
bee
all
taken
away
again
,
and
no
Salaries
allowed
for
them
.
That
no
Grandee
should
have
anie
office
in
the
King
's
or
Queen's
houshould
as
in
relation
to
the
Exchequer
or
Treasurie
.
That
whilest
his
Majestie
was
absent
the
Salaries
of
his
Domesticks
should
bee
payed
out
of
his
own
Revenue
.
That
the
Governors
they
were
to
have
during
his
absence
might
bee
Natives
of
either
of
those
Kingdomes
of
Castilla
or
Leon.
That
such
Governors
might
have
pow●er
to
confer
anie
Offices
or
dignities
of
the
Kingdom
,
except
,
Bishopricks
,
Lievtenantships
,
and
Commanderies
of
Orders
.
That
neither
the
King
nor
anie
Noblemen
should
give
billets
for
lodging
,
and
in
case
they
did
that
the
People
should
not
bee
obliged
to
reciev
them
unless
they
listed
.
But
when
his
Majestie
goeth
his
progress
,
That
there
should
bee
lodgings
and
furniture
provided
for
his
familie
and
Court
gratis
,
so
that
hee
make
no
longer
stay
then
fifteen
dayes
in
a
place
,
if
more
,
afterwards
hee
should
pay
;
And
that
his
guard
and
Souldiery
bee
lodged
and
quartered
according
to
the
usual
manner
.
That
there
should
bee
one
hundred
lodgings
and
no
more
provided
for
his
Majestie
's
familie
at
the
Charge
of
the
Place
where
hee
shall
stay
.
That
there
should
bee
no
lodging
allowed
for
those
of
the
Council
,
Judges
,
nor
anie
such
like
Officers
.
That
the
King
should
not
give
general
or
particular
billets
for
the
lodging
of
anie
.
That
the
taxes
and
impositions
should
bee
reduced
to
a
certain
number
,
and
the
Pole-monie
set
at
a
just
and
moderate
rate
,
whereby
the
People
might
perceiv
the
grace
and
favor
his
Majestie
did
them
.
That
the
subsidies
granted
by
the
Commissioners
at
the
Groyn
,
should
not
bee
received
nor
demanded
,
neither
should
there
bee
anie
●ew
taxes
or
extraordinary
tribute
imposed
upon
the
Kingdome
without
som
evident
necessitie
,
and
that
it
were
thought
requisite
for
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
and
his
Majestie
's
service
.
That
the
King
should
not
●end
any
instructions
to
the
Cities
,
or
form
of
granting
Powers
,
nor
nominate
any
particular
men
for
Officers
:
but
that
the
Cities
and
towns
should
have
the
freedom
and
libertie
to
bestow
and
confer
their
Powers
upon
such
men
as
they
should
finde
zealous
for
the
good
of
their
Republicks
.
That
the
Commissioners
in
Parlament
should
have
the
libertie
to
meet
when
and
where
they
pleased
,
and
to
discours
and
confer
freely
with
one
another
.
That
such
Commissioners
during
their
emploiment
,
should
not
receiv
of
the
King
anie
Office
,
favor
or
gift
whatsoever
,
for
themselvs
,
their
Wives
,
Children
or
kindred
,
under
pain
of
death
and
confiscation
of
goods
,
and
that
those
goods
should
bee
employed
for
the
publick
reparations
of
the
Citie
or
Town
whereof
they
were
Commissioners
,
to
the
end
that
they
should
bee
the
more
careful
to
do
onely
that
which
was
most
expedient
for
the
glory
of
God
,
the
service
of
his
Majestie
and
good
of
the
Kingdom
.
That
everie
Commissioner
or
Burgess
should
have
a
competent
allowance
from
the
place
whose
persons
they
represented
.
That
the
Parlament
beeing
ended
,
the
several
Commissioners
should
return
within
forty
dayes
to
give
account
of
what
they
had
done
under
pain
of
losing
their
wages
and
emploiment
.
That
no
gold
or
Silver
,
coyned
or
to
bee
coyned
,
should
bee
transported
out
of
the
Kingdom
under
pain
of
death
;
In
regard
the
contrary
having
been
done
the
Kingdomes
were
impoverished
and
destroied
.
That
there
should
bee
monie
coyned
differing
as
well
in
value
as
stamp
from
that
of
the
neighboring
Countries
,
and
that
it
should
bee
of
a
base
alloy
two
Carats
under
the
rate
of
the
finest
gold
.
That
in
Weight
and
value
it
should
bee
answerable
to
the
Crowns
of
Gold
which
are
coyned
in
France
:
Becaus
that
would
bee
a
means
that
it
should
not
bee
transported
.
Manie
other
artickles
were
given
in
touching
gold
and
silver
,
the
particular
favors
and
rewards
of
the
King
,
and
other
matters
of
justice
:
But
that
which
they
insisted
most
upon
was
,
that
the
Councils
should
bee
strictly
looked
to
.
That
the
Chancery
and
other
Courts
in
the
Kingdom
should
bee
visited
or
reviewed
from
six
to
six
years
,
and
that
all
suits
should
bee
dispatched
in
order
,
and
determined
whithin
a
certain
time
without
any
delay
.
That
there
should
bee
no
appealing
from
Court
to
Court
,
but
that
each
case
should
bee
decided
at
it's
own
Tribunal
.
That
no
Counsellor
or
other
whosoever
should
enjoie
two
offices
,
but
should
apply
himself
to
one
onely
.
These
and
manie
other
things
the
Nobles
and
Commissioners
of
the
Kingdom
desired
,
but
they
fell
into
the
hands
of
Strangers
,
the
King
beeing
young
and
full
of
thoughts
of
his
Voiage
and
possession
of
his
Empire
;
So
they
remained
.
And
in
regard
these
and
other
such
like
propositions
were
slighted
and
layd
aside
(
though
presented
with
much
zeal
and
affection
)
the
whole
Kingdom
burst
out
,
and
slipping
in
one
,
they
fell
into
the
Precipice
of
manie
inconveniences
,
(
as
it
is
commonly
seen
)
.
They
desired
one
thing
,
verie
Holie
,
in
the
Chapter
concerning
Ecclesiastical
dignities
and
pensions
,
That
they
should
not
bee
conferred
upon
strangers
,
and
that
the
acts
of
Naturalization
which
had
been
made
should
bee
revoked
.
That
in
the
Ecclesiastical
Courts
there
should
bee
no
more
duties
payed
,
then
in
the
secular
,
and
that
they
should
observ
the
same
Statute
.
(
Which
I
would
it
were
well
seen
unto
in
these
times
.
)
There
were
likewise
som
complaints
and
Petitions
given
in
against
Pedrarias
de
Avila
,
a
gentleman
of
good
note
and
quality
(
brother
to
the
Earl
of
Punio
en
Rostro
)
and
who
had
done
great
services
;
yet
hee
was
accused
by
som
of
his
enemies
and
charged
for
having
put
manie
to
death
unjustly
at
the
discoverie
of
the
Indies
,
and
committed
divers
Robberies
and
Tyrannies
.
There
were
seaven
consultations
hereupon
,
and
Pedrarias
was
quitted
by
them
all
;
and
the
Emperor
himself
(
taking
particular
notice
of
the
services
which
hee
had
done
at
Oran
in
Africa
,
and
the
taking
of
Buxia
,
besides
other
places
in
the
Indies
)
freed
him
notwithstanding
these
fals
and
passionate
accusations
,
and
confirmed
him
in
the
government
and
charge
which
formerly
had
been
conferred
upon
him
,
and
gave
him
som
rewards
besides
.
But
all
this
was
not
sufficient
to
stop
the
mouths
of
his
enemies
,
who
gave
occasion
to
strangers
not
onely
of
speaking
ill
,
but
also
of
writing
against
this
gentleman
,
who
was
valiant
in
his
own
person
,
and
of
antient
extraction
in
this
Kingdom
;
And
others
(
not
knowing
to
the
contrary
)
have
followed
them
in
the
prejudicial
censure
of
this
nation
and
the
Nobilitie
thereof
.
SECT
▪
XXXII
.
TO
the
grief
of
those
gentlemen
who
took
ill
Cardinal
Adriano's
beeing
Governor
,
by
a
general
consent
of
the
Council
,
and
Don
Antonio
de
Rojas
Arch-Bishop
of
Granada
,
then
President
,
Don
Alonso
Tellez
Lord
of
la-Puebla
de
Montalvan
,
Hernando
de
Vega
Chancellor
of
the
order
in
Castilla
,
Don
Iohn
de
Fonseca
Bishop
of
Burgos
,
Don
Antonio
de
Rojas
Arch-Bishop
of
Granada
and
President
of
his
Majestie
's
Council
of
Justice
,
and
Francisco
de
Vargas
Treasurer
general
;
these
were
to
reside
at
Valladolid
.
Antonio
de
Fonseca
Lord
of
Coca
was
appointed
Captain
General
of
the
kingdom
,
and
Don
Iohn
,
Brother
to
the
Bishop
of
Burgos
,
his
Treasurer
.
Don
Iohn
de
la
Nuza
was
Governor
of
Aragon
,
Don
Diego
de
Mendoza
,
brother
to
the
Marquis
of
Zenete
,
Vice-Roy
of
Valencia
.
All
being
thus
ordered
for
the
Government
of
the
kingdom
,
and
the
winde
coming
faire
,
upon
Saturday
the
19.th
of
May
at
Sun-set
,
The
Emperor
commanded
to
bee
Proclaimed
,
That
all
the
mariners
and
his
retinue
should
goe
on
board
that
night
,
for
the
next
day
in
the
morning
hee
would
set
saile
.
Don
Alonso
de
Fonseca
Arch-Bishop
of
Santjago
,
Don
Iuan
de
Fonseca
Bishop
of
Burgos
,
Don
Inigo
de
Velasco
Constable
of
Castilla
and
Leon
,
Don
Diego
Lopez
Pacheco
Marquis
of
Villena
,
Don
Alonso
Pimentel
Earl
of
Benavente
,
Don
Iohn
Osorio
Marquis
of
Astorga
,
and
divers
other
persons
of
quality
waited
on
him
to
the
Sea-side
:
Those
that
imbarked
with
him
were
Don
Fadrique
de
Toledo
Duke
of
Alva
,
the
Marquis
of
Villa
Franca
and
his
son
,
Don
Hernando
de
Andrade
Earl
of
Andrade
,
Don
Diego
Hurtado
de
Mendoza
,
who
did
great
services
to
the
Emperor
,
and
Monsieur
de
Xeures
with
the
rest
of
the
Flemings
.
So
with
a
most
harmonious
noise
of
Minstrels
and
Trumpets
they
weighed
ancker
,
and
set
saile
with
great
acclamations
of
joy
,
leaving
sad
Spaine
over-charged
with
sorrow
and
misfortunes
.
They
shaped
their
course
directly
for
England
,
and
the
sixth
day
the
whole
Fleet
arrived
at
the
Downs
.
Cardinal
Wolcey
receive's
him
at
his
landing
.
favorite
to
King
Henry
the
Eight
,
and
by
whom
hee
was
much
governed
.
The
same
night
the
King
of
England
came
by
post
thither
,
the
expressions
of
affection
and
the
great
contentment
which
the
King
of
England
seemed
to
take
in
his
Majestie
's
company
,
were
beyond
relation
;
The
next
day
the
two
King
's
went
to
visite
St
Tho:
Queen
Katherine
,
wife
to
King
Henry
and
Aunt
to
the
Emperor
,
attended
them
in
a
sumptuously
adorned
Palace
,
wherein
they
spent
the
three
dayes
of
whitsuntide
with
great
Jollity
and
feasting
.
The
holy-daies
being
past
,
and
the
Princes
having
treated
sufficiently
of
what
concerned
them
,
and
confirmed
a
Peace
with
great
testimonies
of
affection
on
both
sides
,
the
Emperor
took
leave
of
his
Aunt
and
the
King
,
and
went
to
Deal
a
harbour
in
the
same
Island
.
And
so
imbarked
again
and
sailed
to
Flushing
.
His
arrivall
was
incredibly
welcom
to
the
Inhabitants
of
all
those
Provinces
,
the
same
expressions
of
joy
were
all
Germany
over
(
assoon
as
they
knew
of
his
landing
)
where
hee
was
infinitely
desired
.
Hee
went
from
Holland
into
Flanders
without
anie
stay
,
but
in
all
places
where
hee
did
pass
,
hee
was
most
Splendidly
entertained
,
especially
at
Gant
,
where
Margarita
his
Aunt
,
and
the
Infante
Don
Fernando
his
brother
(
who
was
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
)
exspected
his
coming
.
Thence
hee
went
towards
Calis
to
visit
again
the
King
and
Queen
of
England
,
who
mean
time
the
Emperor
was
at
Sea
,
met
the
King
of
France
there
,
who
endeavoured
all
hee
could
to
possess
the
King
of
England
?
with
a
disaffection
of
the
Emperor
,
whose
power
and
greatnesse
hee
envied
and
repined
at
.
Having
made
this
second
visit
the
Emperor
returned
to
Gant
,
where
hee
put
himself
in
fit
equipage
to
receiv
the
Crown
at
Aquisgran
.
Where
we
will
leave
him
for
the
present
and
return
to
relate
the
the
miseries
and
troubles
of
Spain
.
SECT.
XXXIII
.
THe
Emperor's
departure
was
diversly
resented
in
Spain
,
Those
that
were
honestly
minded
and
of
sober
and
quiet
dispositions
approved
of
it
,
esteeming
it
just
and
requisite
,
but
feared
much
what
after
did
ensue
.
But
the
factious
and
Seditious
Party
were
otherwise
affected
,
They
rejoiced
at
it
,
and
hugged
themselvs
in
the
fancie
and
vain
hope
of
increasing
their
estates
and
reputation
with
these
dissensions
and
alterations
,
delighting
(
as
the
Proverb
saith
)
to
fish
in
troubled
water
.
The
Emperor
being
gone
from
the
Groyn
,
all
the
Nobilitie
and
Gentrie
which
stayed
behinde
returned
to
their
owne
houses
,
and
the
Commissioners
or
Burgesses
of
Parlament
,
repayred
to
their
respective
Cities
and
towns
with
feare
enough
of
their
Republicks
.
The
Cardinal
and
those
of
his
Council
tooke
their
way
towards
Valladolid
,
and
before
they
arrived
there
,
newes
was
brought
them
of
the
Commotions
of
the
Cities
of
Castilla
.
The
Emperor
was
very
ill
advised
in
not
leaving
the
government
of
those
Kingdoms
to
some
Nobleman
of
that
Countrie
;
as
was
desired
of
him
in
Parlament
,
whom
as
a
Grandee
of
note
and
power
they
might
feare
,
and
love
,
honor
and
respect
him
as
their
Countryman
.
Or
if
they
had
done
as
(
when
necessitie
constrained
them
)
they
did
afterwards
,
all
had
been
well
;
The
fault
being
laid
upon
Xeures
,
hee
sayed
,
That
it
was
not
so
ordered
,
that
his
Majestie
thought
there
were
no
Noblemen
in
Castilla
worthy
of
that
honor
,
but
because
of
the
factions
and
partialities
amongst
them
,
the
conferring
it
upon
one
should
not
disgust
the
others
.
SECT.
XXXIIII
.
THe
Cardinal
and
his
Council
being
arrived
at
Venavente
,
an
express
from
Don
Iohn
de
Acunia
Governor
of
Segovia
came
to
them
purposely
to
inform
them
of
a
notoriously
haynous
accident
befallen
in
that
Citie
,
which
was
thus
,
One
of
the
Commissioners
or
Burgesses
that
was
sent
thence
to
the
Parlament
at
Santjago
named
Iohn
or
Antony
de
Tordesillas
,
Regidor
and
native
of
that
Citie
,
gave
his
consent
to
the
granting
the
Subsidies
his
Majestie
demanded
.
Hee
brought
for
the
Citie
the
Pole-money
to
bee
payed
by
way
of
excise
and
a
gratuity
of
one
hundred
thousand
Maravediz
for
reparation
of
the
walls
,
and
for
himself
hee
had
procured
a
very
good
governement
and
received
an
office
which
the
Mint
or
coyning
house
had
given
for
lost
.
It
is
a
custome
in
Segovia
every
Tuesday
in
whitsonweek
that
the
Collectors
meet
to
treat
concerning
the
Revenue
of
Corpus
Christi
Church
.
It
hapned
that
being
all
together
one
of
them
inconsiderately
sayed
,
Gentlemen
!
you
know
that
Don
Iohn
de
Acunia
is
Governor
of
this
Citie
,
and
that
hee
never
set
foot
in
it
,
and
yet
not
satisfied
to
under
value
us
,
hee
maintein's
here
certain
Officers
to
robb
us
,
rather
then
to
administer
Iustice
.
And
I
vow
to
God
,
if
the
former
stole
away
our
Cloaks
,
these
strip
us
to
the
very
Skins
.
Moreover
know
that
the
Governor
hath
put
in
here
a
Deputy
,
more
fool
then
valiant
:
Hee
is
not
satisfied
with
the
injuries
hee
doth
us
by
day
,
but
hee
leads
a
dog
to
catch
men
in
the
night
.
And
my
opinion
is
,
That
if
any
one
hath
done
what
hee
ought
not
to
doe
,
Hee
should
apprehend
him
in
his
house
like
a
Christian
,
and
not
hunt
him
with
doggs
in
the
Mountains
like
a
Moore
;
For
a
man
of
any
credit
is
more
troubled
at
his
being
apprehended
in
the
open
street
then
at
his
Imprisonment
.
A
certain
old
man
,
called
Melon
,
chanced
to
bee
present
at
these
words
,
who
had
for
many
years
executed
the
office
of
a
Sergeant
or
Catch-pole
(
as
they
call
them
)
;
and
therefore
was
hated
and
abhorred
by
all
the
people
.
This
poore
man
having
heard
the
other
out
,
and
every
body
else
holding
their
peaces
,
stood
up
and
spake
these
words
in
favor
of
the
Justice
.
Indeed
(
Gentlemen
!
)
that
which
this
man
hath
sayed
seemeth
to
me
not
well
,
and
mee
thinks
it
is
wors
that
men
of
such
honor
and
credit
(
as
here
are
)
should
give
eare
to
such
a
man
:
for
hee
that
will
speak
in
publick
of
the
Ministers
of
Iustice
ought
to
have
some
respect
and
moderation
in
his
tongue
;
and
in
an
officer
of
the
King
's
,
hee
ought
not
to
look
onely
at
his
person
,
but
to
consider
what
his
staff
represent's
,
As
touching
the
dog
hee
speak's
of
,
that
my
Master
carrie's
with
him
,
I
sweare
by
this
cross
,
that
,
being
a
yong
man
,
hee
takes
him
with
him
more
for
his
pleasure
in
the
day
time
,
then
to
catch
men
in
the
night
;
and
if
it
had
been
so
you
doe
not
,
(
I
hope
)
take
me
to
be
so
base
,
but
that
I
should
haue
made
it
known
to
the
people
,
for
I
am
more
beholding
to
my
friends
and
neighbors
then
I
am
to
Strangers
.
If
the
Officers
doe
any
thing
against
Law
and
Iustice
,
(
which
hitherto
they
have
not
done
)
like
Christians
and
Gentlemen
wee
are
obliged
to
advise
and
reprove
them
in
secret
,
and
not
defame
them
publickly
;
and
if
this
which
I
say
now
unto
you
,
soundeth
not
well
in
your
ears
,
perchance
that
which
will
result
hereof
will
please
you
wors
;
for
ill
words
inconsiderately
spoken
somtimes
are
dearly
repented
.
This
speech
was
so
ill
taken
by
them
all
,
that
with
shouting
and
great
violence
they
seized
on
him
,
cast
a
rope
about
his
neck
,
and
with
huge
nois
and
exclamations
they
dragged
him
out
of
the
Citie
,
but
they
bruised
him
with
so
many
stripes
that
hee
was
dead
before
hee
came
to
the
gallowes
,
yet
they
hung
up
his
body
upon
it
.
As
they
returned
from
hanging
this
unfortunate
Melon
,
they
met
by
the
way
a
companion
of
his
,
called
Roque
Portalejo
:
To
whom
one
of
them
said
,
as
they
came
along
,
Portalejo
!
thy
Companion
Melon
remember
's
him
to
thee
,
there
hee
hang's
upon
the
gallows
,
and
hee
saies
hee
hopes
thou
wilt
beare
him
Company
there
to
morrow
,
and
t'
were
no
great
matter
if
wee
made
thee
accept
of
his
invitation
,
for
since
thou
wast
his
companion
in
the
fault
,
it
is
but
reason
thou
shouldst
beare
a
share
of
the
punishment
.
Portalejo
replyed
,
God
preserve
the
King
my
Lord
and
his
Iustice
,
for
one
day
you
may
repent
you
for
what
you
haue
done
and
Segovia
for
permitting
it
.
for
the
blood
of
the
Innocent
,
although
men
doe
forget
it
,
is
alwaies
crying
out
for
vengeance
before
God
.
Hereupon
,
and
because
they
saw
him
with
a
pen
and
paper
,
one
of
them
began
to
say
,
that
hee
tooke
the
names
of
those
that
had
killed
Melon
,
upon
which
words
they
all
cryed
out
kill
him
,
kill
him
,
So
with
the
same
fury
in
a
disorderly
rout
,
as
they
had
done
to
Melon
,
they
layd
hands
on
him
,
and
dragged
him
to
the
gallows
where
they
hang'd
him
by
the
feet
,
so
the
poore
man
dyed
.
They
spent
all
that
day
in
execution
of
those
two
;
The
next
day
being
wednesday
The
Citie
sat
in
counsell
;
the
Regidor
Tordesillas
went
thither
to
give
account
of
what
hee
had
don
in
Parlament
although
hee
was
advised
to
the
contrary
.
The
place
of
meeting
was
at
St
Michael's
Church
.
The
People
beeing
told
,
that
Tordesillas
had
granted
the
subsidie
and
that
hee
was
at
the
Council
,
a
great
number
of
Carders
ran
in
a
tumultuous
manner
thither
,
and
climing
over
the
dores
and
breaking
in
at
the
windowes
,
they
violently
layed
hands
upon
him
and
dragged
him
out
of
the
Church
.
Antonio
de
Tordesillas
intreating
them
to
forbeare
,
sayed
,
Gentlemen
!
heare
me
,
I
come
to
give
you
an
account
.
See
here
the
Articles
which
I
bring
,
bee
pacified
,
and
let
us
goe
to
some
place
where
you
may
bee
informed
of
the
truth
.
But
this
satisfied
not
,
the
multitude
of
Teazers
was
so
outragious
,
some
cryed
,
let
us
carry
him
to
Santa
Olalla
;
and
poor
Tordesillas
said
,
whither
you
please
Gentlemen
.
Others
cryed
,
Kill
●im
,
kill
him
,
Others
sayed
,
Tordesillas
give
us
those
articles
.
Hee
answered
,
Since
you
will
haue
it
so
,
there
,
take
them
;
then
hee
drew
a
paper
out
of
his
pocket
,
wherein
was
conteined
all
that
hee
had
done
in
the
Parlament
,
Which
they
tore
in
peeces
without
ever
reading
it
.
And
with
one
voice
they
cryed
out
,
to
prison
with
him
,
there
wee
shall
see
his
treason
.
then
they
set
him
upon
a
Mule
,
beeing
clad
with
a
long
cassock
or
gaberdine
of
crimson
velvet
.
Hee
had
not
gone
fa●r
but
some
of
them
crying
,
Art
thou
catched
?
layed
hands
again
upon
him
,
and
having
knocked
him
off
the
Mule
,
they
hurried
him
into
the
Prison
,
others
cryed
out
,
A
rope
,
a
rope
,
let
●im
not
stay
in
prison
,
let
us
have
him
strait
to
the
gallowes
.
And
presently
with
lowd
exclamations
they
cryed
out
all
together
,
Let
him
die
,
let
him
die
.
And
a
rope
beeing
brought
they
put
it
about
his
neck
,
and
plucked
him
down
to
the
ground
,
then
dragged
him
along
the
streets
,
punching
him
and
giving
him
great
blowes
upon
the
head
with
the
pummels
of
their
swords
,
and
although
hee
cryed
out
to
them
with
grievous
sighs
and
pitiful
groans
,
saying
,
Gentlemen
!
heare
me
,
why
doe
you
kill
mee
?
it
availed
nothing
.
Hee
desired
to
confess
,
and
they
would
not
suffer
him
.
The
Dean
and
Canon●
with
their
Sacerdotal
habits
came
forth
to
them
,
carrying
the
holy
Sacrament
.
And
(
which
was
most
grievous
of
all
)
Tordesilla's
own
brother
,
a
Franciscan
Fryer
,
a
very
grave
man
in
his
habit
ready
to
say
mass
,
and
the
holy
Sacrament
in
his
hands
,
with
all
the
rest
of
the
Fryers
of
St
Francis
order
came
out
,
and
kneeling
all
before
this
crew
,
they
begged
of
them
with
tears
to
spare
his
life
for
Christ
Iesu●s
sake
.
Ant●nio
de
Tordesillas
R●gidor
and
Commissioner
of
S●govia
hanged
by
the
People
.
But
in
regard
all
that
Rabble
was
of
the
common
and
baser
sort
of
People
,
they
made
no
reckoning
of
them
,
nor
bore
any
respect
or
reverence
to
the
Church
.
Then
the
Fryers
desired
,
if
there
was
no
remedy
but
that
hee
must
die
,
that
they
would
give
him
leav
to
make
his
confession
,
which
they
refused
.
And
when
they
had
brought
him
to
the
gallows
,
half
choaked
already
with
the
rope
,
they
tyed
his
feet
and
hung
him
with
his
head
downwards
,
betwixt
the
two
others
they
had
hanged
the
day
before
.
Thus
this
poor
Gentleman
ended
his
life
,
and
doubtless
his
companion
Iohn
Vazquez
had
tasted
of
the
same
cup
,
had
hee
not
absented
himself
,
but
hee
escaped
being
advertised
by
this
disaster
.
SECT.
XXXV
.
THis
done
the
Common
People
of
Segovia
elected
their
Deputies
of
the
Commonalty
,
turned
out
all
t●e
King's
officers
of
Iustice
and
authorised
others
to
officiate
for
them
,
then
seized
upon
all
the
gates
of
the
Citie
.
About
that
time
was
come
to
Segovia
Don
Hernando
de
Bovadilla
Earl
of
Chinchon
,
who
had
great
power
in
the
Citie
,
having
the
command
of
the
Forts
,
Gates
and
Mint-hous
;
which
place
was
given
his
ancestors
and
him
by
the
King
for
former
services
.
The
Common
People
possessing
themselvs
of
the
Gates
,
and
a
hous
Don
Hernando
had
within
the
Citie
,
Hee
presently
made
all
his
servants
and
the
officers
of
the
Gates
retire
into
the
Forts
,
that
,
there
might
bee
men
enough
to
defend
them
,
in
case
they
should
be
assaulted
,
and
leaving
them
to
his
brother
Don
Diego'●
charge
and
care
,
hee
went
to
a
Fortress
of
his
own
in
the
Countrie
and
took
out
all
the
peeces
of
Artillerie
hee
had
there
,
which
hee
brought
with
more
servants
and
other
People
,
to
reliev
his
brother
,
who
was
by
that
time
besieged
and
streightned
in
those
Forts
by
the
Commons
;
which
siege
lasted
all
the
time
of
the
troubles
,
and
the
warre
was
cruell
on
both
sides
,
Don
Diego
defending
himself
with
great
dexterity
and
valor
;
The
generositie
and
loyaltie
of
these
Gentlemen
was
so
great
,
that
to
defend
the
Forts
committed
to
their
charge
by
the
King
,
they
disarmed
their
own
,
choosing
rather
to
leave
their
own
Townes
and
Holds
openly
exposed
to
bee
destroied
by
the
fury
of
the
Common
People
,
then
neglect
or
forsake
that
which
conduced
to
the
King's
service
.
SECT.
XXXVI
.
THis
message
which
the
Post
brought
from
Segovia
to
the
Governors
,
declaring
the
crueltie
done
in
that
Citie
,
possessed
them
with
much
trouble
and
care
.
These
risings
touched
the
Cardinal
to
the
heart
,
and
hereupon
hee
entred
into
consultation
with
those
Gentlemen
whom
his
Majestie
had
appointed
to
assist
him
.
After
this
the
Gentlemen
and
Regidores
of
Segovia
sent
another
Messinger
to
make
their
excuse
to
the
Governor
,
alledging
,
That
they
had
nothing
to
doe
in
the
Death
of
Tordesillas
,
nor
the
other
two
men
,
neither
were
they
able
to
hinder
it
in
regard
of
the
Mutinie
of
a
great
multitude
of
teazers
of
Wooll
,
who
made
that
scandalous
uproar
and
outrage
,
men
of
strange
places
,
vagabonds
,
and
who
were
already
dispersed
and
fled
from
the
Citie
.
That
if
it
could
bee
proved
that
anie
man
of
account
or
worth
in
the
Citie
was
amongst
them
,
or
but
anie
waie
favoured
,
assisted
,
or
so
much
as
consented
to
their
barbarous
proceeding
,
they
would
willingly
submit
themselvs
to
anie
Punishment
that
could
bee
inflicted
on
them
.
The
President
of
the
Council
Don
Antonio
de
Rojas
Arch-Bishop
of
Granada
grew
so
cholerick
and
furious
,
that
through
excess
of
passion
hee
gave
the
Messengers
(
whom
the
Gentlemen
Regidores
and
Citizens
had
sent
to
make
their
excuses
)
such
reproachful
language
and
high
threatnings
,
that
it
spoiled
all
.
For
returning
to
their
Citie
much
distasted
with
this
answer
,
They
were
all
scandaliz●d
at
it
,
and
those
that
before
were
very
quiet
and
peaceable
began
to
incline
to
the
Mutiniers
.
The
Cardinal
beeing
arrived
at
Valladolid
the
5th
of
Iune
1520
,
the
day
before
Corpus
Christi
eve
,
(
the
Arch-Bishop
beeing
gon
thither
two
daies
before
)
Hee
assembled
all
the
Council
and
asked
their
opinions
,
which
were
very
different
concerning
this
matter
.
And
becaus
they
are
of
so
much
importance
to
the
Historie
,
I
will
set
down
som
of
the
most
remarkable
which
were
then
taken
in
writing
.
The
first
that
spake
was
Don
Antonio
de
Rojas
President
of
the
Council
,
who
declared
himself
in
these
words
.
The
opinion
of
Don
Antonio
de
Rojas
concerning
Segovia
.
MY
LORDS
!
wee
,
who
are
dedicated
to
the
Divine
Sacraments
,
have
not
the
libertie
to
speak
over
boldly
i●
matters
which
concern
humane
rigors
and
chastisements
,
becaus
our
profession
is
to
shed
tears
for
those
which
transgress
against
the
God
of
Heaven
,
and
not
spill
the
blood
of
those
who
offend
earthlie
Kings
.
You
see
,
My
Lords
!
if
the
dignitie
of
Arch-Bishop
invite's
me
to
Clemencie
,
the
office
of
President
(
which
is
conferred
upon
mee
)
constrain's
me
to
Iustice
.
This
I
say
,
My
Lords
,
that
you
m●y
not
bee
scandalized
if
I
declare
my self
in
this
my
vote
.
I
denie
not
that
our
Lord
God
giveth
a
beginning
to
all
things
with
his
Providence
,
but
yet
manie
of
them
hee
persu's
and
concludeth
with
his
rigor
and
Iustice
.
And
this
hee
doth
,
that
the
Good
may
bee
incouraged
to
serv
him
,
and
the
wicked
refrain
from
displeasing
him
,
According
to
this
saying
of
the
Prophet
,
Misericordiam
&
Judicium
cantabo
tibi
Domine
.
To
com
to
the
Purpose
which
now
is
in
agitation
,
This
action
of
Segovia
,
for
my
particular
I
hold
it
so
hainous
and
scandalous
,
that
I
cannot
think
of
any
Punishment
great
enough
for
it
.
For
where
the
offence
is
without
weight
,
the
Penaltie
ought
to
bee
beyond
measure
.
Those
of
the
Citie
of
Segovia
have
offended
God
in
so
barbarously
putting
to
Death
a
man
,
who
better
deserved
to
live
then
They.
Which
wicked
action
is
of
no
less
consequence
,
then
that
it
should
wreak
God's
Iudgments
upon
them
,
for
the
blood
of
his
Innocencie
is
no
other
then
the
Crier
,
or
Proclaimer
of
Vengeance
.
Again
,
in
my
sense
,
they
are
guiltie
of
Crimen
laes●e
Majestatis
,
and
it
is
very
palpable
;
for
they
did
not
murther
Tordesillas
for
any
offence
hee
had
done
them
,
but
for
the
service
hee
did
the
King
in
the
Parlament
.
And
since
for
the
King
hee
lost
his
life
,
the
King
is
obliged
to
see
him
revenged
:
and
in
respect
his
Majestie
is
gone
out
of
Castilla
,
to
receiv
the
Imperial
Crown
in
Germanie
,
It
will
bee
sufficient
,
if
hee
return
in
prosperitie
,
that
hee
reward
his
wife
and
Children
with
some
gratuity
;
And
wee
are
to
proceed
according
to
Iustice
,
considering
that
the
offence
is
as
hainous
,
as
if
it
had
been
done
to
his
own
person
.
For
if
I
have
served
his
Majestie
,
beeing
here
present
,
in
giving
him
good
Counsel
,
I
shall
serv
him
more
now
,
My
Lords
,
in
punishing
misdeeds
in
his
absence
.
Moreover
,
Since
the
King
our
Sovereign
took
shipping
at
the
Groyn
,
This
is
the
first
act
of
disobedience
in
Spain
.
Wherefore
I
judge
their
crime
the
greater
.
For
an
offence
committed
in
absence
,
alwaies
argueth
the
more
malice
,
and
where
the
malice
is
so
great
,
the
Punishment
ought
to
bee
correspondent
.
Item
,
it
is
alleadged
by
those
of
Segovia
,
that
the
Citie
in
general
is
not
guiltie
of
this
fact
,
but
only
som
particular
men
,
Carders
,
did
hang
Tordesillas
upon
the
Gallows
.
I
would
fain
know
of
them
,
what
was
the
reason
,
why
they
did
not
punish
those
fellows
,
since
they
were
but
few
;
for
there
is
no
such
testimonie
of
Innocence
,
as
to
execute
Iustice
upon
offenders
.
In
my
opinion
the
Citie
of
Segovia
cannot
plead
Non-Guiltie
in
this
case
,
for
Five
Thousand
Citizens
(
if
they
had
listed
)
might
easily
have
withstood
the
furious
insolence
of
Fiftie
Teazers
,
and
those
Strangers
too
.
But
some
secretly
with
their
counsels
,
others
publickly
using
violence
,
committed
this
insolent
outrage
.
For
if
it
bee
a
crime
in
Wicked
men
to
murther
the
good
,
It
is
no
less
crime
in
good
men
not
to
resist
the
Wicked
.
You
have
seen
,
My
Lords
,
the
peremptoriness
of
those
of
Toledo
,
The
King
our
Lord
beeing
at
his
Parlament
in
Santjago
and
the
Groyn
:
which
was
so
great
and
scandalous
,
that
for
my
part
I
know
not
which
was
more
to
bee
condemned
their
malic●
in
so
doing
,
or
Xeures
his
negligence
in
not
remedying
it
.
Wherefore
I
say
,
that
if
that
which
was
done
,
hee
being
here
,
hath
pas't
unpunished
,
and
this
,
which
hath
bin
committed
in
his
absence
,
be
not
remedyed
,
from
henceforwards
I
give
all
Castilla
for
lost
and
ruined
.
For
this
is
a
General
maxime
,
if
Iustice
once
lose
her
force
,
presently
start's
up
insulting
Tyrannie
.
Item
since
his
Majestie
's
departure
out
of
this
Kingdom
,
This
is
the
first
scandal
wherein
it
is
requisite
that
the
Council
make
appeare
their
Counsel
and
wisdom
.
And
there
is
nothing
that
can
give
a
greater
evidence
thereof
,
then
in
governing
the
People
in
such
sort
,
that
wee
may
gain
the
affections
of
the
good
,
and
bee
no
less
feared
by
the
evil
.
If
the
death
of
this
Regidor
bee
thus
smothered
,
and
the
insolence
of
Toledo
dissembled
,
the
Carders
of
Segovia
will
thinke
,
and
the
Cap-makers
of
Toledo
will
Proclaime
,
that
wee
doe
not
let
these
things
pass
with
our
good
wills
,
but
that
wee
dare
not
punish
them
.
And
by
this
means
Iustice
will
bee
defamed
in
that
shee
cover's
Feare
,
and
which
is
worst
of
all
,
will
lose
the
credite
of
being
feared
.
In
summ
of
all
that
I
have
spoken
,
I
say
,
that
my
determinate
will
and
opinion
is
,
that
an
Alcalde
de
Corte
,
(
who
is
in
n●ture
of
a
Iudge
of
Oyer
and
Terminer
,
here
in
England
)
should
goe
to
Segovia
,
and
what
hee
ought
to
doe
in
this
(
although
I
know
it
)
my
Sacred
Orders
doe
not
give
me
leav
to
express
.
I
onely
say
thus
much
,
that
the
Iudge
ought
to
do
wors
to
them
by
Iustice
,
then
they
did
to
Tordesillas
without
Iustice
.
Let
all
that
I
have
said
in
this
consultation
bee
under
your
most
Reverend
Lordship's
correction
:
and
if
these
Lords
bee
of
any
other
opinion
,
I
shall
bee
content
to
conform
my self
to
them
,
for
in
matters
of
weight
and
moment
,
a
man
is
not
to
defend
his
own
opinion
,
but
to
follow
that
which
is
most
expedient
for
the
publick
good
.
SECT
▪
XXXVII
.
THe
second
that
was
remarkeable
in
this
Consultation
,
was
Don
Alonso
Tellez
Giron
,
who
in
those
times
was
esteemed
a
man
of
a
good
Conscience
,
a
vertuous
life
,
of
a
generous
ofspring
,
and
chiefly
in
the
opinion
(
which
hee
delivered
)
very
circumspect
,
for
hee
would
never
give
any
counsel
,
unless
hee
had
considered
the
matter
throughly
before
hand
.
Don
Antonio
de
Rojas
having
ended
his
speech
,
Don
Alonso
Tellez
began
,
Saying
.
The
discreet
Opinion
of
Don
Alonso
Tellez
Giron
.
IT
chanceth
often-times
amongst
the
most
expert
Captains
,
that
being
upon
the
point
of
giving
battle
,
they
differ
in
the
manner
and
order
of
their
Combate
,
and
if
such
men
take
oath
of
their
dissenting
opinions
,
I
say
that
kind
of
discord
proceedeth
not
from
any
particular
difference
betwixt
them
,
but
that
each
one
of
them
thinkes
,
that
what
hee
sayes
is
the
best
and
most
secure
way
to
gain
the
Victorie
that
day
.
This
I
say
,
most
Reverend
Lord
Cardinal
,
in
order
to
my
Lord
Arch-Bishop
and
President
his
Speech
,
which
was
very
good
and
beseeming
a
Prelate
that
is
desirous
of
the
publick
good
.
But
if
hee
and
I
doe
differ
in
the
meanes
which
is
to
bee
used
for
the
remedying
of
so
great
a
scandal
,
wee
shall
not
,
I
am
confident
,
in
our
intentions
be
dissenting
.
I
swear
by
the
faith
of
a
Christian
and
a
Gentleman
,
and
by
this
Holy
habit
of
Santjago
which
I
wear
,
that
my
soul
desireth
nothing
at
this
present
more
,
then
that
wee
may
hit
upon
the
right
way
of
rectifying
and
providing
for
Segovia
.
For
my
mind
giv's
me
,
that
if
wee
miss
our
aim
in
this
first
enterprise
,
we
shall
not
bee
powerful
enough
hereafter
to
execute
Justice
.
Hee
that
is
to
give
his
sens
in
such
occurrences
,
ought
not
only
to
see
to
the
remedying
of
mischiefs
,
but
to
bee
circumspect
and
warie
lest
the
fulfilling
of
his
Vote
should
bee
the
occasion
of
a
greater
Inconvenience
.
For
it
may
bee
already
(
which
God
forbid
)
thinking
to
tile
Segovia
,
wee
have
untiled
it
,
and
so
bewetted
all
Spain
.
Vndoubtedly
those
of
Segovia
offended
God
in
destroying
his
creature
,
and
the
King
in
murthering
him
for
his
cause
.
They
scandalized
the
Republick
by
hanging
him
in
that
manner
.
And
accordingly
(
if
it
were
of
no
further
consequence
)
nothing
could
bee
more
just
,
then
that
the
more
cruel
and
barbarous
they
have
shewd
themselvs
in
that
murther
,
the
less
pitie
wee
should
shew
in
chastising
them
.
I
would
say
in
this
case
,
that
wee
are
able
to
punish
Segovia
,
or
we
are
not
able
,
and
so
likewise
Toledo
of
their
rebellion
:
and
to
speak
the
truth
,
to
my
best
sens
to
chastise
Segovia
,
or
correct
Toledo
is
yet
too
soon
.
For
being
,
as
we
are
,
but
newly
come
to
the
government
,
we
should
grant
som
privileges
and
libertie
to
the
People
at
first
,
to
win
their
obedience
;
and
afterwards
chastise
them
,
that
we
may
bee
feared
.
Put
case
wee
are
not
powerful
enough
(
as
I
believ
we
are
not
)
to
quell
that
high
couraged
stubborn
People
,
(
if
my
Iudgment
fail
me
not
)
I
hold
for
most
certain
,
that
if
Segovia
lose
their
respect
to
us
,
the
like
we
shall
find
through
all
the
Cities
of
Spain
.
Moreover
you
know
,
my
Lords
,
that
it
hath
been
averred
to
us
,
that
there
was
never
a
Gentleman
nor
Citizen
at
the
murther
of
Tordesillas
,
and
that
those
Teazers
which
had
committed
the
fact
,
were
fled
already
.
The
Judge
whom
wee
shall
send
thither
,
to
seem
that
hee
doth
somthing
,
must
rob
the
Poor
,
chastise
the
Innocent
,
disquiet
the
Rich
,
defame
the
Noble
,
and
chiefly
scandalize
the
bordering
People
,
so
that
the
untimely
punishing
of
one
man's
death
,
may
bee
an
occasion
of
destroying
all
.
Item
you
know
,
My
Lords
,
that
the
King
,
our
Lord
,
had
the
ill
will
of
all
his
Subjects
for
the
ill
Government
of
his
Tutors
,
and
certainly
those
of
this
Kingdom
desire
to
express
their
discontents
.
Me
think's
,
we
should
rather
provide
for
and
hinder
the
manifestation
of
the
ill
intentions
of
Castilla
,
then
to
stand
so
much
upon
the
rigorous
chastising
of
the
Carders
of
Segovia
,
for
it
is
the
part
of
wise
men
to
dissemble
and
defer
the
punishment
of
faults
already
past
,
and
forthwith
apply
a
remedie
to
a
present
evil
.
Item
,
Segovia
cryeth
out
and
desire's
,
that
if
Fifty
or
a
Hundred
weavers
committed
that
outrage
,
the
whole
Citie
should
not
lose
its
Innocence
.
And
in
my
Judgment
we
should
bee
very
injurious
and
unjust
,
if
we
should
declare
a
whole
Citie
Traytors
,
when
but
few
are
guiltie
,
and
I
know
the
King
hath
manie
faithful
servants
in
Segovia
:
therefore
wee
should
commit
a
great
offence
therein
.
Besides
,
it
is
as
much
the
Propertie
of
Clement
Princes
to
pardon
many
wicked
men
,
for
the
respect
of
som
few
good
,
as
it
is
the
Practise
of
cruel
Tyrants
to
condemn
many
good
,
for
a
few
evil
.
Item
,
it
is
sufficiently
known
that
Toledo
is
in
Rebellion
,
and
beeing
(
as
it
is
)
so
powerful
a
Citie
,
wee
cannot
exercise
Justice
upon
it
.
Now
,
if
wee
doe
chastise
Segovia
,
wee
cannot
do
it
so
much
dammage
,
as
wee
shall
do
favor
to
Toledo
thereby
.
For
all
those
whom
wee
take
now
for
enemies
,
wee
make
friends
to
Toledo
.
And
by
this
means
there
will
bee
manie
favorers
of
their
Tyranie
,
and
but
few
to
assist
our
Justice
.
Item
,
it
is
to
be
considered
that
the
Citie
of
Segovia
and
the
Town
of
Medina
del
Campo
,
by
reason
of
the
Cloaths
of
the
one
,
and
the
fairs
of
the
other
,
Those
two
People
used
alwaies
to
bee
like
Brothers
.
My
end
in
saying
this
is
,
becaus
the
best
Artillerie
the
King
hath
in
Castilla
is
at
Medina
,
and
if
the
business
were
come
to
that
,
They
would
sooner
give
it
Segovia
for
their
defence
,
then
to
us
to
punish
them
.
And
by
this
means
Segovia
will
get
the
Artillerie
,
and
wee
shall
lose
Medina
.
Item
,
Segovia
hath
not
taken
the
Fort
as
yet
,
nor
disobeyed
the
Justice
,
nor
shut
the
Gates
,
nor
taken
up
Armes
;
And
if
a
Judge
go
thither
to
chastise
them
,
perchance
wee
shall
(
the
Guiltie
beeing
fled
away
for
fear
of
punishment
)
give
occasion
of
fear
to
those
that
are
Innocent
,
and
they
put
themselvs
into
a
defensive
posture
thereupon
.
And
this
will
bee
the
way
to
make
those
whom
wee
have
as
yet
for
subjects
,
declare
themselvs
our
enemies
,
My
Lords
,
I
will
not
extend
my self
any
further
in
my
discours
,
but
only
that
for
the
reasons
which
I
have
alleged
,
and
for
others
which
I
could
produce
,
I
doe
not
deny
but
Segovia
ought
to
bee
chastised
:
But
my
vote
is
,
that
for
the
present
,
it
should
bee
dissembled
.
For
prolonging
a
punishment
never
did
harm
:
and
an
over-hastie
execution
of
Justice
never
did
good
.
The
Cardinal
tak's
and
followe's
the
President
's
advice
,
which
was
to
chastise
Segovia
.
All
those
that
were
present
approved
of
Don
Alonso
Tellez
his
opinion
,
yet
the
Cardinal
agreed
to
do
according
to
the
vote
of
Don
Antonio
de
Rojas
,
President
.
For
hee
was
a
man
so
violently
hastie
and
opiniative
,
that
no
body
could
perswade
him
to
any
thing
,
neither
would
hee
bee
contradicted
.
There
were
certain
Fryers
,
who
did
much
harm
in
these
commotions
,
som
out
of
Zeal
,
others
beeing
of
turbulent
Spirits
and
too
busie
,
and
medling
with
Secular
affairs
,
which
suite
not
with
a
Religious
life
.
SECT.
XXXVIII
.
IN
one
and
the
same
day
rose
the
Cities
of
Zamora
&
Segovia
.
Common
People
from
doing
a
Thousand
other
mischiefs
,
but
this
it
could
not
;
which
was
,
The
People
not
finding
the
Commissioners
,
made
Statues
,
that
resembled
them
,
which
they
dragg'd
about
the
streets
with
many
reproachful
exclamations
against
them
,
proclaiming
them
Traitors
and
Enemies
to
their
Countrie
.
After
that
they
caused
their
pictures
to
bee
set
up
in
the
Consistorie
,
with
a
writing
at
the
foot
of
each
,
to
signifie
who
they
were
,
and
what
they
had
done
against
that
Citie
,
and
against
the
Faith
they
had
sworn
to
them
.
At
length
,
hearing
that
they
were
retired
into
that
Monasterie
,
they
sent
to
the
Friers
to
turn
them
out
,
if
not
,
they
would
go
and
set
fire
to
the
hous
.
And
although
they
desired
libertie
to
com
with
saftie
of
their
persons
to
the
Citie
,
and
give
them
account
of
what
they
had
done
in
Parlament
,
the
People
would
not
grant
it
,
but
used
means
to
kill
them
.
In
that
Citie
there
were
two
great
factions
,
one
for
Don
Diego
Enriques
Earl
of
Alva
,
the
other
for
the
Bishop
Don
Antonio
de
Acunia
,
of
whom
I
shall
speak
hereafter
.
SECT.
XXXIX
.
THe
Governor
Cardinal
Adriano
desirous
to
go
to
Valladolid
,
and
to
the
end
hee
might
make
his
entrance
with
the
Autoritie
that
was
requisite
for
his
person
and
dignitie
,
required
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
who
was
at
Villalpando
,
to
accompanie
him
,
which
hee
did
;
and
so
they
entered
into
Valladolid
on
Corpus
Christi
eve
,
whence
the
Constable
returned
presently
.
And
if
the
President
of
the
Council
had
not
gon
thither
before
,
and
the
Cardinal
soon
after
well
attended
,
doubtless
that
Citie
had
done
no
less
then
Segovia
and
Zamora
.
For
their
Commissioners
beeing
returned
(
who
were
Francisco
dela
Serna
,
and
Gabriell
de
Santistevan
)
The
People
knowing
that
they
had
granted
the
Subsidie
,
and
hearing
how
the
other
Cities
had
welcomed
their
Commissioners
,
they
went
in
bands
and
clusters
up
and
down
the
streets
murmuring
and
grumbling
amongst
themselvs
.
Wherefore
the
Commissioners
and
the
Council
of
the
Citie
agreed
not
to
divulge
the
Articles
,
until
the
Cardinal
and
the
Council
were
arrived
.
And
out
of
this
feare
they
dispatched
a
Post
to
the
Arch-Bishop
President
of
the
Council
,
desiring
him
to
com
speedily
thither
,
and
this
was
the
reason
that
hee
went
before
and
stayed
not
for
the
Cardinal
.
This
was
the
occasion
that
Valladolid
refrained
for
som
time
from
doing
what
afterwards
it
did
.
At
last
it
broke
out
like
the
rest
of
the
Cities
.
SECT
▪
XL.
THis
fire
most
furiously
and
strangely
spread
it self
through
the
other
Cities
,
as
if
they
had
agreed
together
and
corresponded
by
watch-Towers
and
Beakons
(
as
they
are
wont
to
do
in
the
frontiers
and
upon
Sea-coasts
)
so
manie
places
burst
out
into
these
Commotions
at
one
instant
.
I
have
read
in
a
Letter
from
Leon
Picardo
,
a
servant
to
the
Lord
Constable
and
his
Painter
,
Common
People
through
the
parishes
and
quarters
assembled
at
the
Chappell
of
Santa
Katherina
del
Claustro
nuevo
in
the
great
Church
(
as
they
used
to
do
for
the
election
of
officers
and
other
things
.
Anton
Cucbillero
and
Bernal
de
la
Rixa
,
who
with
this
rout
went
to
seek
Don
Diego
de
Osorio
Lord
of
Abarca
,
a
gentleman
of
great
qualitie
,
inhabitant
of
the
Citie
of
Burgos
,
but
met
him
not
until
the
Evening
;
having
found
him
,
they
brought
him
by
violence
into
the
market-place
with
much
nois
and
tumult
,
saying
,
Th●t
hee
must
bee
their
Chief
,
and
must
govern
them
:
they
put
a
white
staff
of
Justice
into
his
hand
,
and
upon
his
left
arm
a
Target
.
Don
Diego
bid
them
be
quiet
,
and
tell
him
wherefore
they
brought
him
out
of
his
hous
,
and
put
him
in
that
equipage
.
They
answered
,
That
as
a
gentleman
hee
should
protect
them
and
free
them
from
that
slaverie
wherein
they
lived
.
They
would
not
hear
him
speak
,
but
threatned
him
,
if
hee
would
not
do
as
they
required
him
:
they
continued
pressing
of
him
thus
till
night
,
and
staied
for
his
resolution
till
next
daie
.
Don
Diego
at
that
time
was
Governor
of
Cordova
,
and
came
thither
onely
to
see
the
Ladie
Isabel
de
Rojas
his
wife
and
his
children
,
so
hee
presently
got
out
of
their
hands
,
and
that
same
night
took
his
waie
towards
Cordova
,
leaving
his
hous
to
the
charge
&
care
of
Don
Pedro
de
Cartagena
Lord
of
Olmillos
(
who
had
married
the
Ladie
Marie
de
Rojas
his
daughter
)
to
the
Dean
of
Burgos
Don
Pedro
Xuarez
de
Velasco
,
and
Francisco
Sarmiento
,
who
was
his
kinsman
.
These
Gentlemen
repaired
forthwith
to
Don
Diego
Osorio's
hous
,
where
they
found
his
wife
and
daughter
very
disconsolate
for
his
absence
,
and
fearing
the
People's
threatnings
,
Don
Diego
de
Osorio's
hous
.
who
hearing
Don
Diego
was
gone
,
assembled
together
and
came
with
intent
to
break
open
the
hous
,
plunder
it
and
pluck
it
to
the
ground
.
But
these
gentlemen
,
beeing
advertised
of
their
design
,
stood
all
in
the
gate
with
their
swords
and
daggers
drawn
,
threatning
to
cut
in
pieces
whosoëver
durst
attempt
to
break
in
,
and
vowing
that
they
were
resolved
to
lose
their
lives
upon
that
account
.
This
resolution
of
their's
daunted
the
Assailers
,
so
that
none
offered
to
stir
,
but
went
all
quietly
away
.
Don
Pedro
Xuarez
de
Velasco
went
along
with
them
,
for
Bernal
de
la
Rixa
the
Cutler
,
their
Captain
,
bore
him
much
respect
,
becaus
hee
had
received
a
son
of
his
nam'd
Valoradico
,
to
be
a
singing-boie
in
his
Church
.
Don
Pedro
Xuarez's
getting
the
good
will
of
this
Cutler
was
of
such
importance
,
that
by
his
means
hee
knew
all
the
secret
dealings
and
intentions
of
the
Communalty
,
and
was
admitted
somtimes
into
their
Assemblies
.
They
went
by
Squadrons
up
and
down
the
Citie
,
committing
manie
outrages
and
insol●ncies
,
like
men
distracted
and
without
judgment
.
An
humor
took
them
to
burn
down
the
Carthusian's
wood
,
and
as
they
were
going
with
this
resolution
,
Don
Pedro
Xuarez
met
them
by
the
waie
,
and
told
them
,
that
it
would
bee
very
well
done
of
them
,
indeed
,
to
set
that
wood
on
fire
,
but
the
world
would
bee
so
rosted
with
the
heat
,
that
it
were
better
to
keep
the
wood
till
winter
,
and
not
to
burn
it
in
the
field
to
no
purpose
;
so
hee
turned
them
back
again
from
St
Paul's
Bridg.
They
were
so
audacious
as
to
assault
the
Lord
Constable's
hous
,
hee
beeing
Chief
of
that
Citie
,
and
having
heard
that
the
Dutchess
Donia
Maria
de
Tobar
Marquess
of
Berlanga
,
a
Ladie
of
great
worth
,
had
threatned
them
,
they
came
one
daie
in
great
number
thither
,
and
having
environed
the
hous
,
they
shot
off
a
piece
of
Ordnance
,
which
beat
down
a
corner
of
the
Tower
,
so
they
entred
into
the
hous
,
&
the
Dutchess
was
forc'd
to
hide
her self
in
som
secret
by-place
.
They
went
also
to
Garci
Ruiz
de
la
Mota
his
hous
,
(
who
had
been
Commissioner
in
that
last
Parlament
,
brother
to
Maestro
Mota
Bishop
of
Badajos
and
Palencia
)
with
intent
to
kill
him
,
but
not
finding
him
(
for
hee
was
fled
)
they
burned
and
pluck't
down
his
hous
,
where
were
consumed
great
number
of
Writings
,
as
Deeds
and
Charters
,
and
manie
other
papers
concerning
the
King
and
Kingdom
,
which
hee
had
in
keeping
.
That
which
they
burned
in
Mota's
hous
,
was
valued
above
three
Millions
,
when
they
carried
it
to
the
place
where
they
made
the
Bonfire
,
into
which
they
cast
all
the
moveables
they
could
finde
in
the
hous
;
as
pure
linnen
,
rich
tapistrie-hangings
,
cloaths
,
houshold-stuff
,
and
manie
chests
or
trunks
full
,
all
which
they
burned
,
without
making
benefit
of
anie
thing
(
which
was
a
wonder
,
considering
the
condition
of
such
mean
people
)
.
In
the
like
furie
they
went
and
pulled
down
the
hous
of
one
of
the
King's
Harbingers
,
named
Garci
Iofre
,
who
,
though
hee
was
a
Frenchman
born
,
had
been
a
long
time
in
the
King
of
Spain's
service
and
the
Emperor's
.
Hee
was
married
,
and
had
his
dwelling
in
that
Citie
:
they
were
incensed
against
him
for
no
other
reason
,
but
becaus
the
Emperor
had
given
him
the
command
of
the
Hous
and
Castle
of
Lara
,
which
Burgos
pretended
was
theirs
,
and
they
demanded
it
of
him
,
but
becaus
hee
told
them
that
hee
had
received
that
Castle
of
the
Emperor
,
and
that
hee
could
not
deliver
it
to
anie
but
his
Majestie
,
they
went
to
kill
him
▪
neither
stopped
their
furie
there
;
for
poor
Iofre
being
unfortunately
there
that
daie
,
(
beeing
returned
from
France
,
whither
hee
went
by
the
Emperors
command
with
the
French
Embassador
)
and
seeing
how
they
plucked
his
Houses
down
,
hee
went
to
Lara
,
saying
,
That
hee
hoped
in
God
to
bee
revenged
,
and
to
build
up
his
Houses
much
better
with
those
Rascal's
monie
,
then
they
were
when
they
pulled
them
down
,
and
that
hee
should
make
morter
of
their
bones
,
and
temper
the
chalk
with
their
blood
.
This
being
known
in
the
Citie
by
the
report
of
a
Collier
(
to
whom
Iofre
spoke
it
by
the
waie
)
they
sent
som
men
on
hors-back
privately
after
him
,
who
overtook
him
in
a
little
village
called
Vivar
del
Cid
,
three
leagues
from
Burgos
,
where
drawing
him
out
of
the
Church
,
they
apprehended
him
,
&
had
cut
him
in
pieces
there
,
but
for
som
Gentlemen
,
who
qualified
them
for
the
present
;
yet
they
would
not
let
him
go
out
of
their
hands
,
but
brought
him
to
Burgos
back
again
and
clapt
him
into
prison
,
where
with
blows
and
thrusts
they
soon
dispatched
him
,
and
beeing
dead
,
they
tied
his
feet
together
,
and
dragged
him
first
to
his
own
door
,
striking
and
pinking
his
bodie
with
their
swords
all
the
waie
:
then
they
drew
him
through
all
the
streets
,
and
at
last
hanged
him
with
his
head
downwards
.
Don
Inigo
Fernandez
de
Velasco
Lord
High
Constable
,
who
was
at
Villalpando
,
being
informed
hereof
by
a
Letter
from
the
Cardinal
(
wherein
hee
desired
him
for
the
love
of
God
to
go
speedily
&
set
som
remedie
and
order
in
that
Citie
)
went
presently
to
Burgos
,
and
out
of
affection
in
regard
those
of
his
familie
for
manie
successions
had
been
born
in
that
Citie
,
he
took
upon
him
the
staff
and
office
of
Governor
,
which
the
Inhabitants
most
willingly
embraced
;
there
hee
continued
som
time
,
whose
presence
was
the
onely
remedie
and
means
to
hinder
the
enraged
people
of
that
Citie
from
committing
a
thousand
other
Insolencies
.
What
happened
afterwards
you
shall
hear
hereafter
.
SECT.
XLI
.
A
Certain
Judg
nam'd
Hernan
Gomez
de
Herrera
,
whose
wife
and
familie
was
in
Madrid
,
Francisco
de
Varas
his
hous
,
(
one
of
the
Council
)
and
took
away
all
the
Arms
they
could
finde
;
as
Fowling-pieces
Arquebusses
,
Cros-bows
,
Arrows
,
Pikes
,
four
hundred
Corslets
,
and
manie
Halberds
,
which
they
put
into
a
strong
place
for
their
own
defence
when
occasion
should
require
:
they
set
Guards
all
the
Citie
over
,
watching
and
going
their
rounds
through
all
the
streets
and
walls
,
to
the
great
hinderance
of
Commerce
and
destruction
of
the
Citie
.
Siguenca
,
Guadalaxara
,
Salamanca
,
Mu●cia
.
In
the
same
manner
rose
Siguenca
,
Guadalaxara
,
Salamanca
,
Murcia
,
and
manie
other
places
of
importance
,
where
were
divers
things
committed
,
not
unlike
those
which
I
have
already
declared
,
which
would
bee
an
endless
business
for
mee
to
describe
particularly
.
The
seventh
of
Iune
,
in
this
present
year
1520
,
the
Citie
of
Leon
was
verie
quiet
,
and
stood
much
for
the
King's
service
:
for
it
seemed
that
Valladolid
had
written
to
them
to
know
whether
they
had
received
anie
Letter
from
Toledo
concerning
their
business
or
not
:
Whereto
Leon
made
Answer
,
That
as
yet
they
had
received
nothing
in
particular
from
Toledo
touching
that
matter
,
and
that
the
Citie
of
Leon
was
fully
determined
,
not
to
do
,
or
consent
to
anie
thing
,
for
the
whole
world
,
that
might
bee
anie
disservice
to
his
Cesarean
Majestie
,
or
contrarie
to
the
fidelitie
they
owed
him
,
especially
the
most
Reverend
Cardinal
remaining
Governor
,
with
the
Lord
President
and
the
rest
of
the
Council
,
to
whom
that
Citie
was
so
much
obliged
.
●t
had
been
well
for
that
Citie
if
they
had
continued
in
that
minde
.
SECT.
XLII
.
THe
24
of
Iune
,
1520
,
the
Emperor
beeing
at
Bruxels
received
information
of
all
the
passages
in
Toledo
and
other
places
,
and
of
the
Letter
which
Toledo
sent
to
Valladolid
,
and
their
Answer
:
Whereupon
hee
wrote
to
Valladolid
,
giving
them
a
full
relation
of
his
Voiage
by
Sea
,
how
hee
was
entertained
by
his
Uncle
and
Aunt
in
England
,
and
that
they
had
confirmed
a
most
sure
League
of
Peace
and
Amitie
together
;
That
thence
hee
intended
about
the
middle
of
September
to
bee
at
Aquisgran
,
to
receiv
his
Imperial
Crown
,
with
manie
other
circumstances
;
and
at
last
,
That
he
resolved
,
God
willing
,
to
return
into
that
Kingdom
much
sooner
then
hee
had
promised
at
the
Parlament
,
mean
time
hee
incharged
them
Peace
,
quietness
,
and
obedience
to
the
Commands
of
the
Cardinal
,
his
Governor
,
President
and
Council
,
&c.
and
if
there
should
arise
anie
mutinies
or
Commotion
in
anie
other
Towns
,
that
they
,
out
of
their
antient
and
well
approved
fidelitie
,
would
indeavor
to
pacifie
and
suppress
them
,
for
they
knew
the
love
and
affection
which
hee
bore
that
Citie
,
which
might
sufficiently
appear
by
the
favors
hee
had
granted
them
in
former
Parlaments
,
according
to
the
Copie
which
hee
sent
with
that
Letter
.
There
was
also
a
General
Letter
to
all
the
Cities
and
Towns
of
that
Kingdom
,
who
had
Votes
in
Parlament
;
but
passion
had
gained
such
a
transscendence
over
the
hearts
of
the
major
part
,
that
they
would
not
believ
those
Letters
to
bee
from
the
Emperor
,
but
said
openly
that
they
were
counterfeited
,
neither
did
they
anie
waie
abate
their
resentment
of
his
so
sudden
departure
out
of
that
Kingdom
,
leaving
them
(
by
the
counsel
of
his
Favorites
)
involved
in
so
great
a
fire
,
and
with
so
much
povertie
and
pain
.
SECT.
XLIII
.
AFter
this
came
news
to
the
Cardinal
how
the
Citie
of
Guadalaxara
was
revolted
in
the
same
manner
,
and
taking
up
Arms
like
the
other
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
.
They
chose
for
their
Captain
the
Earl
of
Saldania
,
eldest
son
to
Don
Diego
de
Vega
y
Mendoça
Duke
del
Infantado
,
and
making
use
of
his
horses
,
Diego
de
Guzman
,
and
Luis
de
Guzman
,
their
Commissioners
in
the
late
Parlament
,
who
,
for
fear
of
their
lives
,
were
fled
from
the
Citie
;
but
not
being
able
to
overtake
them
,
they
went
to
their
houses
,
which
they
razed
,
and
having
plowed
up
the
ground
,
they
sowed
it
with
Salt
,
saying
,
That
in
regard
they
were
Traitor's
houses
,
they
must
bee
salted
,
lest
they
should
infect
the
rest
with
their
infidelitie
.
Thence
they
went
to
the
Duke
,
beseeching
him
to
favor
and
assist
them
;
if
not
,
they
would
have
him
to
know
,
that
no
Grandee
must
staie
within
that
Citie
,
which
hee
and
his
son
were
enforced
to
grant
to
satisfie
them
:
but
the
Duke
seeing
the
Citie
in
so
great
disorder
,
and
the
Kingdoms
all
over
inflamed
with
such
Combustions
,
sent
an
Express
to
the
Cardinal
,
desiring
him
(
since
God
and
the
King
had
constituted
him
in
that
Office
)
to
use
all
possible
diligence
and
care
to
stop
the
current
of
those
exorbitances
,
and
that
without
passion
or
affection
hee
would
grant
a
general
pardon
;
for
if
hee
suffered
the
sore
to
fester
,
hee
would
not
bee
able
to
cure
it
when
hee
pleased
.
That
hee
would
take
off
the
Subsidie
.
That
all
Tallages
and
Impositions
should
bee
reduced
to
the
same
estate
as
they
were
twentie
five
years
past
.
That
Offices
and
benefices
should
be
taken
from
strangers
,
and
conferred
upon
the
Natives
of
the
Countrie
:
And
that
all
this
should
suddenly
bee
performed
.
The
Cardinal
was
well
contented
with
his
Letter
,
but
durst
not
do
otherwise
then
was
ordered
by
the
Council
,
until
hee
received
further
Commission
from
the
Emperor
.
SECT.
XLIV
.
THe
Order
from
the
Council
was
,
that
Ronquillo
(
a
famous
Judg
in
those
times
)
should
presently
march
to
Segovia
with
all
the
men
hee
could
make
,
and
punish
the
Delinquents
.
They
sent
with
him
a
thousand
Hors-men
(
most
of
which
were
of
the
Guards
)
under
the
Command
of
Don
Luis
de
la
Cueua
,
and
Ruy
Diaz
de
Rojas
,
who
had
Orders
in
case
the
Judg
was
not
received
into
the
Citie
,
to
batter
and
beat
it
down
.
But
when
his
coming
was
known
in
Segovia
,
those
that
were
quiet
and
peaceable
before
,
jealousies
and
fears
distracting
their
ill-tempered
mindes
,
rose
and
associated
themselvs
with
the
others
,
and
in
particular
,
one
principal
Gentleman
of
the
Citie
,
called
Don
Hernando
,
who
had
written
to
the
Cardinal
,
that
hee
kept
the
Citie
,
the
Fort
and
the
great
Church
for
the
King
,
and
that
hee
had
driven
the
Commonaltie
into
the
Suburbs
,
and
moreover
,
that
there
was
great
partialitie
and
difference
amongst
them
;
upon
whose
advice
and
intimation
the
Judg
was
sent
directly
thither
:
but
when
they
heard
in
what
manner
hee
came
,
Don
Fernando
&
the
Common-people
agreed
so
together
,
that
the
Gates
were
shut
against
him
,
and
the
towns-men
all
up
in
Arms.
Ronquillo
perceiving
their
strength
and
resistance
to
bee
great
,
retired
himself
to
the
Town
of
Arevalo
,
and
the
Cardinal
sent
to
him
to
return
to
Valladolid
,
until
the
Council
should
take
further
order
therein
.
But
the
Judg
did
otherwise
,
and
from
thence
went
to
Santa
Maria
de
Nieva
,
five
Leagues
from
Segovia
,
where
hee
made
his
Requests
and
Protests
to
those
of
the
Citie
,
&
began
by
Criers
to
publish
Acts
and
Writs
against
them
,
requiring
them
to
submit
to
Justice
,
or
to
appear
and
give
a
reason
why
they
would
not
.
Whereunto
those
of
Segovia
(
'mongst
whom
at
first
there
was
no
person
of
credit
or
respect
,
but
onely
a
furious
and
indiscreet
Rabble
)
not
onely
not
obeied
nor
answered
,
but
after
som
daies
spent
in
par●ying
and
treating
;
without
fear
or
wit
they
sallied
out
,
to
the
number
of
four
thousand
men
,
almost
all
on
foot
,
on
purpose
to
meet
Ronquillo
and
fight
with
him
,
and
in
this
manner
they
marched
towards
the
place
where
hee
was
quartered
.
Hee
,
with
his
Captains
,
came
presently
to
incounter
them
,
and
it
is
affirmed
,
that
hee
might
easily
have
routed
them
(
for
although
they
were
more
in
number
,
they
were
but
ordinarie
people
,
and
as
disorderly
as
unskilful
.
But
he
was
unwilling
thereunto
,
out
of
respect
that
manie
men's
lives
might
have
been
lost
in
the
Conflict
,
or
perchance
being
doubtful
of
the
Success
.
So
there
were
onely
som
light
skermishes
,
wherein
Ronquillo
took
som
of
their
baggage
,
and
divers
of
them
prisoners
;
whereof
som
he
hang'd
,
others
he
punished
otherwise
.
So
that
the
Segovians
retreated
with
no
s●al
loss
,
and
thenceforwards
hee
advanced
his
Siege
,
and
cut
of
their
Commerce
and
Provisions
,
so
that
nothing
could
pass
into
or
out
of
the
Citie
;
yet
hee
used
no
extremitie
towards
them
,
becaus
hee
had
still
hopes
of
som
accommodation
.
Hereupon
Segovia
mustered
up
their
forces
,
which
amounted
to
twelv
thousand
men
,
besides
women
and
children
who
with
an
unspeakable
courage
took
up
Arms
to
defend
the
Citie
against
Ronquillo
.
They
made
strong
Pallisadoes
,
deep
Ditches
,
and
chained
all
their
streets
.
The
Citie
of
Avila
assisted
them
,
as
if
it
had
been
their
own
Interest
,
and
both
these
Cities
made
a
Joint-supplication
to
the
Cardinal
,
that
hee
would
not
proceed
against
them
with
so
much
rigor
;
but
receiving
no
satisfactorie
answer
,
they
said
,
Since
it
must
bee
so
,
wee
will
remedie
our
selvs
.
At
length
Segovia
,
finding
themselvs
streightned
by
the
Siege
,
wrote
to
the
Citie
of
Toledo
,
declaring
the
occasion
of
their
Revolt
,
excusing
themselvs
of
the
death
of
Tordesillas
,
and
imputing
it
to
the
indiscreet
furie
of
som
Carders
and
Teazers
,
exclaiming
against
the
rigor
of
the
Cardinal
and
Council
for
sending
Ronquillo
,
not
as
an
equitable
Judg
to
do
them
Justice
,
but
as
a
cruel
Tyrant
to
wage
War
against
them
;
and
at
last
conjuring
and
imploring
their
succor
and
assistance
to
rais
the
Siege
,
alleging
that
the
punishment
the
Cardinal
and
Council
intended
to
inflict
upon
Segovia
,
was
but
the
Precursor
of
the
destruction
of
Toledo
,
in
regard
they
were
in
the
same
Predicament
,
and
declared
by
the
Council
for
disobedient
,
as
well
as
those
of
Segovia
,
were
condemned
for
Traitors
:
In
the
Close
of
all
,
they
desired
that
Citie
to
give
credit
to
the
Relation
of
Rodrigo
de
Cieca
,
and
Albara
de
Guadarrama
(
the
bearers
of
their
Letter
)
who
had
Instructions
and
Orders
to
impart
matters
of
higher
consequence
unto
them
,
which
they
durst
not
commit
to
paper
.
Other
Letters
,
to
the
same
effect
,
they
sent
to
the
other
Cities
of
Castilla
,
who
all
returned
them
great
promisses
and
encouragement
,
and
in
effect
they
sent
to
the
Cardinal
and
Council
,
desiring
a
pardon
for
Segovia
,
all
but
Toledo
,
who
beeing
less
scrupulous
,
in
stead
of
fair
words
,
sent
them
men
of
Arms
to
succor
the
Citie
,
as
shall
appear
hereafter
.
SECT.
XLV
.
TOledo
,
upon
receit
of
this
Letter
,
sent
,
to
reliev
Segovia
,
four
hundred
Musketiers
,
as
manie
Halberdiers
,
and
three
hundred
Hors
,
well
Armed
,
which
were
joifully
received
,
and
gave
them
courage
to
sallie
out
again
upon
Ronquillo
.
But
first
they
sent
to
him
,
requiring
that
hee
would
let
them
alone
,
depart
from
Santa
Maria
de
Nieva
(
where
hee
laie
)
and
that
hee
would
meddle
no
more
with
the
affairs
of
Segovia
,
otherwise
they
would
make
him
go
away
with
a
Vengeance
.
But
Ronquillo
thought
to
do
what
hee
came
for
,
that
was
,
to
enter
into
Segovia
,
and
punish
severely
the
Delinquents
;
to
which
effect
hee
assembled
the
whole
Countrie
thereabouts
,
yet
could
not
accomplish
his
Design
;
for
all
the
Cities
and
Towns
that
then
were
up
,
were
wedded
so
unanimously
to
that
same
Interest
,
that
there
was
much
to
bee
feared
.
Ronquillo
went
from
place
to
place
,
one
night
hee
laie
in
one
Town
,
the
next
night
in
another
,
setting
out
Spies
,
somtimes
catching
those
that
came
out
of
Segovia
,
and
seeking
all
means
possible
to
get
into
it
.
In
the
Market-place
of
Santa
Maria
de
la
Nieva
hee
made
publick
Acts
,
Proclamations
and
Out-laws
against
the
Segovians
;
but
they
scorned
and
laughed
at
them
,
and
't
is
reported
that
the
Common
People
set
up
a
great
high
Gallows
,
which
they
swept
and
watered
everie
daie
,
saying
,
That
was
to
hang
Ronquillo
upon
,
making
shew
of
as
much
courage
and
resolution
,
as
if
they
had
had
the
whole
world
on
their
side
;
this
was
when
they
saw
how
forward
and
ready
Toledo
was
to
back
them
,
and
had
furnished
them
with
both
men
and
monie
.
SECT.
XLVI
.
THe
Cardinal
seeing
the
ill
success
of
this
business
,
sent
about
three
hundred
and
fiftie
Lanciers
,
and
som
Foot
Souldiers
,
of
those
which
were
Garrisoned
in
Navarra
,
to
Ronquillo
;
with
whom
hee
scoured
the
Confines
of
Segovia
.
One
daie
hee
went
to
Zamarramala
,
where
hee
caused
to
bee
set
up
certain
papers
against
the
Segovians
,
proclaiming
them
Traitors
and
Rebels
,
and
summoning
them
to
appear
before
him
within
a
certain
time
;
thence
hee
returned
to
Nieva
,
where
hee
commanded
a
high
Scaffold
to
bee
built
,
whereon
hee
caused
to
bee
set
other
Acts
and
Writings
to
the
same
effect
,
then
gave
order
to
bee
proclaimed
in
all
the
adjacent
Towns
and
Villages
,
that
no
bodie
should
dare
to
carrie
anie
provisions
whatsoëver
to
Segovia
under
pain
of
death
.
Segovia
seeing
Ronquillo
use
them
so
hardly
,
keeping
all
provisions
from
them
;
three
thousand
five
hundred
of
them
,
very
well
provided
with
Corslets
,
Lances
,
Halberds
and
Swords
made
another
sallie
,
one
of
the
principal
Citizens
,
named
Peralta
,
was
their
Commander
in
Chief
;
so
with
great
nois
and
little
order
(
as
Common-people
use
to
do
)
they
marched
directly
towards
Santa
Maria
de
Nieva
,
but
at
two
Leagues
distance
from
Segovia
they
met
Ronquillo
with
his
men
(
who
were
better
disciplined
then
they
)
&
made
som
shots
at
them
,
whereupon
they
soberly
retreated
towards
their
quarters
.
The
Segovians
seeing
that
,
and
thinking
that
they
ran
away
,
pursued
with
great
eagerness
and
in
such
disorder
,
that
the
others
turning
upon
them
,
killed
som
of
them
,
and
took
Don
Diego
Peralta
their
Captain
Prisoner
,
and
they
took
an
Officer
,
and
som
of
Ronquillo's
men
.
At
last
the
Combat
grew
so
hot
,
that
Ronquillo
quitted
his
quarters
,
and
left
the
Segovians
(
beeing
far
more
in
number
)
masters
of
the
place
,
who
presently
set
fire
to
the
Scaffold
,
and
burned
all
the
Acts
and
proclamations
hee
had
set
up
against
them
.
Upon
this
came
a
new
supplie
of
three
thousand
men
to
them
,
which
gave
them
fresh
courage
,
and
seeing
themselvs
so
strong
,
they
followed
Ronquillo
,
and
made
two
great
shots
at
him
,
which
killed
him
two
Hors-men
,
and
they
took
the
Paie-master
of
his
Forces
,
with
two
millions
of
Maravediz
(
whereof
thirtie
four
make
six-pence
sterl.
)
which
hee
carried
to
paie
his
men
:
this
Prize
,
with
other
prisoners
,
they
sent
to
Segovia
.
Ronquillo
still
retreated
in
good
order
,
and
som
of
his
Hors
perceiving
a
Partie
of
about
fortie
men
of
the
Segovians
scattered
in
a
smal
Village
near
Nieva
,
charged
them
,
and
having
took
som
they
brought
them
to
Ronquillo
,
whereof
he
presently
hanged
two
,
the
rest
he
carried
to
Coca
,
where
he
went
to
lodg
.
And
the
Segovians
having
rescued
their
Captain
,
returned
joifully
to
their
Citie
.
SECT.
XLVII
.
THe
distempers
of
Madrid
(
for
as
I
have
said
,
that
Citie
rose
also
)
were
no
less
then
those
of
the
other
Commonalties
of
Castillia
.
Francisco
de
Vargas
a
man
of
honor
and
approved
fidelitie
,
mainteined
the
Fort
against
the
People
,
notwithstanding
all
the
diligences
they
could
make
to
turn
him
out
,
and
possess
themselvs
of
it
.
They
required
him
oftentimes
with
manie
threats
,
that
if
he
would
not
deliver
it
up
to
them
,
they
would
hang
as
manie
as
they
could
light
upon
,
of
those
that
were
within
.
Francisco
de
Vargas
perceiving
the
streight
hee
was
in
for
want
of
men
,
got
secretly
out
one
night
and
went
to
Alcala
(
six
smal
Leagues
from
thence
)
for
som
assistance
.
Hee
procured
about
fortie
men
,
whom
(
that
they
might
get
into
the
Fort
without
beeing
discovered
)
hee
ordered
to
enter
by
two
and
two
on
hors-back
.
This
could
not
bee
carried
so
close
,
but
the
Citie
had
som
intelligence
thereof
.
Whereupon
the
People
beeing
all
Alarmed
,
in
great
hast
and
furie
,
som
on
Hors-back
som
on
foot
,
ran
out
to
intercept
him
,
taking
som
Gentlemen
to
bee
their
Captains
.
Beeing
in
the
field
they
ranked
themselvs
in
better
order
,
and
when
the
Captain
of
the
Fort
was
readie
to
enter
with
his
men
,
they
fell
upon
him
,
who
beeing
but
a
smal
number
,
were
forced
to
seek
their
safetie
by
flight
;
Francisco
de
Vargas
beeing
advantagiously
mounted
,
with
som
others
that
were
able
to
follow
him
,
returned
to
Alcala
.
The
people
after
that
,
grew
more
careful
,
and
kept
Spies
out
and
Guards
in
all
the
Avenues
of
the
Citie
,
then
they
fell
upon
the
Fort
with
great
furie
,
encompassing
it
round
,
but
they
durst
not
approach
too
near
,
for
those
that
were
within
defended
themselvs
very
stoutly
,
welcoming
them
with
manie
musket-bullets
lets
,
Cros-bow
shot
and
stones
.
The
Fort
beeing
in
this
streight
,
Diego
de
Vera
with
his
men
approched
,
&
faced
Madrid
.
Hee
had
force
enough
to
have
relieved
the
Fort
with
men
and
provisions
,
and
ill
treated
the
Commoners
of
Madrid
.
But
hee
was
wearied
with
a
tedious
march
,
and
discontented
that
hee
had
not
received
of
a
long
time
paie
,
neither
for
himself
,
nor
his
Souldiers
;
besides
,
at
the
same
time
Letters
were
brought
him
from
the
Citie
of
Avila
(
where
hee
was
bo●●
and
had
his
estate
and
familie
)
wishing
him
to
let
those
of
Madrid
alone
,
and
no
waie
to
molest
them
,
for
if
hee
did
,
they
would
pluck
down
his
hous
,
and
set
fire
on
all
his
goods
.
Out
of
this
fear
Diego
de
Vera
,
dissembling
his
design
,
would
not
enter
into
Madrid
,
nor
do
anie
thing
to
help
the
one
partie
,
or
prejudice
the
other
.
Madrid
finding
themselvs
but
weak
in
men
,
and
not
very
well
provided
with
Arms
,
sent
to
Toledo
for
succor
,
who
forthwith
furnished
them
with
five
hundred
men
and
thirtie
Lances
,
under
the
Command
of
Goncalo
Gaytan
.
Having
received
this
supplie
,
they
resolved
to
undermine
the
Fort
in
four
places
,
which
they
within
perceiving
,
shot
still
more
and
more
fiercely
,
and
killed
som
of
their
workmen
,
which
made
them
leav
mining
by
daie
,
&
labor
onely
in
the
night
,
with
Blindes
and
Engines
,
made
like
Carts
,
which
they
might
go
safely
under
,
and
for
their
better
securitie
,
at
the
front
of
all
,
they
placed
the
Children
and
nearest
of
kin
to
those
that
were
within
the
Fort
,
to
make
them
refrain
from
shooting
,
for
fear
of
killing
them
;
yet
for
all
this
,
Francisco
de
Vargas
his
wife
(
who
was
within
)
was
so
ready
to
assist
,
and
so
wittily
cunning
to
endeer
and
encourage
her
men
to
fight
,
(
lest
her
husband
should
bear
anie
blame
)
that
they
still
held
out
,
and
defended
themselvs
couragiously
.
The
Towns-men
sent
to
require
them
to
surrender
the
Fort
,
if
not
,
they
threatned
that
none
should
go
either
in
or
out
,
but
should
bee
either
killed
or
taken
;
whereunto
shee
made
Answer
,
that
they
troubled
themselvs
in
vain
,
and
shee
would
have
them
know
,
That
although
her
husband
was
absent
,
neither
shee
,
nor
anie
of
the
rest
with
her
,
were
of
such
low
and
unworthie
spirits
,
as
,
out
of
fear
of
their
threatnings
,
to
do
an
act
so
prejudicial
to
his
Majestie
's
service
,
That
they
were
all
resolved
rather
to
die
in
their
own
defence
,
then
commit
so
High
a
Treason
;
for
where
shee
was
,
her
Husband's
honor
should
not
suffer
in
the
least
.
The
People
hearing
this
,
broke
into
a
furious
rage
,
crying
out
with
loud
voices
,
Let
them
die
though
wee
all
perish
.
●o
all
beeing
armed
,
they
environed
the
Fort
on
all
sides
,
and
planted
their
Artillerie
in
order
against
it
.
Those
within
stood
stoutly
in
their
defence
,
discharging
all
the
great
Guns
they
had
,
which
were
manie
and
good
,
and
put
in
a
readiness
their
Muskets
and
other
Arms
,
but
they
wanted
men
to
plie
their
smal
shot
,
The
Artillerie
began
to
plaie
on
both
sides
.
The
Fort
battered
down
all
the
neighboring
houses
,
and
the
Gunners
shewed
much
skill
both
within
and
without
,
yet
did
not
so
much
mischief
on
either
side
,
as
they
might
have
done
.
At
last
came
som
Religious
men
to
mediate
a
peaceable
agreement
.
And
as
it
was
half
concluded
,
a
Gentleman
stept
in
and
crossed
all
,
saying
with
a
loud
voice
,
O
you
traitors
,
rogues
,
Iews
of
Madrid
!
What
have
yee
done
?
What
Agreement
is
this
you
will
make
,
so●
prejudicial
to
the
King
and
your
Citie
?
you
do
it
but
out
of
cowardise
.
This
and
manie
things
more
hee
said
,
insomuch
that
the
people
mutinied
,
and
grew
rather
more
distempered
then
before
;
som
favored
him
,
others
were
enraged
to
kill
him
,
so
there
grew
a
great
tumult
,
and
a
bloodie
confusion
,
dealing
blows
and
thrusts
of
Swords
and
Lances
on
all
sides
.
But
my
Gentleman
was
taken
at
last
by
the
Common
people
,
whereof
som
would
have
killed
him
presently
,
others
more
discreet
,
thought
fitter
to
keep
him
prisoner
,
until
they
knew
what
moved
him
to
cast
that
seed
of
dissention
amongst
them
,
to
hinder
the
Agreement
which
was
then
concluding
.
The
next
daie
,
the
people
returned
to
assault
the
Fort
,
and
their
Gunner
killed
the
Gunner
of
the
Fort
,
and
left
them
none
to
manage
the
Artillerie
.
Then
they
cut
off
their
water
,
and
their
provision
of
Victuals
growing
short
,
at
last
they
were
enforced
to
surrender
the
Fort
to
the
Commander
of
those
of
the
Commonaltie
.
The
People
entred
the
Fort
,
with
great
acclamations
of
joy
and
triumph
.
In
it
they
found
eight
hundred
compleat
Suits
of
Armour
,
a
thousand
lances
,
a
hundred
,
halberts
,
four
fauconets
,
three
pieces
of
Cannon
of
one
hundred
pound
bullet
a
peece
(
according
to
the
list
)
three
hundred
bullets
of
iron
cast
,
foure
pieces
of
ordnance
,
which
they
took
from
Mercado
de
Fruslera
,
twentie
thousand
pikes
,
two
thousand
two
hundred
firelocks
,
two
thousand
head-pieces
,
gantlets
and
Cros-bows
,
two
whole
Cannons
,
seventeen
hundred
weight
of
powder
,
eight
field-pieces
,
and
five
●housand
Corslets
.
All
which
Arms
and
Ammunition
had
been
laid
there
by
the
Catholick
Kings
,
besides
much
more
which
was
carried
away
to
the
battle
of
delos
Gelves
.
SECT.
XLVIII
.
MAdrid
beeing
thus
revolted
,
and
in
design
of
possessing
themselvs
of
the
aforesaid
Roial
Fort
and
Magazine
,
they
sent
for
succor
to
Don
Iohn
Arias
,
Lord
of
Torrejon
de
Velasco
,
one
of
the
chief
Gentlemen
of
the
Kingdom
of
Toledo
,
&
of
an
Antient
and
Noble
●amilie
.
But
hee
beeing
very
dis●reet
,
&
exceedingly
valiant
,
answered
them
,
That
hee
would
have
nothing
to
do
with
anie
su●h
broils
,
and
that
hee
desired
to
live
peaceably
at
home
without
ingaging
on
either
side
:
yet
upon
better
consideration
,
like
a
faithful
servant
to
his
King
,
having
gathered
one
hundred
and
fiftie
Hors
,
with
as
manie
Foot
,
and
a
competent
quantitie
of
Artillerie
,
hee
went
to
reliev
the
●ort
;
which
beeing
known
at
Toledo
and
Alcala
,
by
messengers
from
Madrid
,
they
sent
multitudes
of
People
,
who
joining
all
in
one
bodie
,
fell
upon
his
Town
of
Torrejon
de
Velasco
,
whilest
hee
was
upon
his
march
towards
Madrid
:
They
sacked
and
burned
it
quite
down
,
and
hurt
divers
of
the
Inhabitants
,
som
they
killed
.
This
news
beeing
brought
to
Arias
,
hee
returned
much
troubled
and
incensed
to
Torrejon
,
swearing
that
hee
would
bee
revenged
,
and
if
hee
could
not
get
satisfaction
from
Madrid
,
hee
would
not
leave
one
Town
there-abouts
undestroyed
.
Som
of
his
followers
advised
him
to
join
with
Diego
de
Vera
who
was
come
from
Gelves
,
with
whose
help
and
the
good
provision
of
Artillerie
which
hee
had
,
hee
might
besiege
Madrid
,
hereupon
Don
Iohn
Arias
demanded
Don
Diego's
assistance
,
but
hee
ex●used
himself
saying
,
that
hee
was
tyred
with
his
march
,
neither
would
hee
fight
against
any
of
the
King's
Towns
.
Iohn
Arias
did
all
the
mischief
hee
could
in
the
Towns
adjacent
to
Madrid
,
and
the
people
were
so
fearful
of
his
Souldiers
,
that
they
durst
not
leave
their
cattle
abroad
.
It
fell
out
one
night
,
that
the
Village
of
Mostoles
(
which
was
near
Torrejon
)
having
notice
that
Io●n
Arias
would
fall
upon
them
,
they
barricadoed
their
streets
,
and
put
themselvs
in
a
posture
of
defence
,
but
hee
entred
at
another
part
,
where
the
inhabitants
suspected
not
,
and
sacked
the
Town
,
and
at
their
going
away
again
,
all
loaden
with
plunder
,
the
Townsmen
all
at
once
fell
upon
them
and
took
all
from
them
again
,
but
killed
not
a
man
.
SECT.
XLIX
.
DOn
Iohn
Arias
de
Avila
,
afterwards
seeing
the
inconstancie
and
fickleness
of
the
Common
People
,
who
neither
kept
oath
nor
promise
,
desiring
to
serve
his
King
,
and
pacifie
the
tumults
of
Toledo
,
went
with
som
few
servants
to
the
Town
of
Illescas
,
where
the
chief
promoters
of
those
combustions
were
with
divers
men
in
Arms
,
and
coming
thither
to
treat
of
composing
the
matter
in
a
peaceable
waie
,
hee
expressed
himself
in
such
efficacious
terms
,
and
gave
them
such
undeniable
reasons
,
and
friendly
exhortations
,
representing
unto
them
the
dangers
whereunto
they
exposed
their
lives
and
fortunes
,
by
withdrawing
themselvs
from
their
obedience
to
their
King
,
that
somtimes
hee
prevailed
so
far
with
,
them
as
to
harken
to
an
accommodation
(
but
they
continued
not
long
in
that
mind
)
for
the
business
depending
of
so
many
several
People
,
that
which
was
concluded
one
day
,
was
quite
broke
off
the
next
;
and
at
last
they
fell
into
such
a
popular
madness
,
that
throwing
aside
all
respect
,
they
would
lay
violent
hands
upon
Don
Iohn
Arias
,
peremptorily
bidding
him
deliver
up
to
them
the
places
of
strength
,
which
hee
had
under
his
command
,
and
seeing
hee
would
not
do
that
,
they
demanded
the
Artillerie
which
was
in
them
;
and
becaus
hee
denyed
that
also
,
with
great
nois
and
tumult
they
gathered
together
in
the
hous
where
the
Assemblie
was
kept
,
and
made
an
order
that
Iohn
Arias
should
presently
deliver
the
Artillerie
,
and
in
case
of
default
,
hee
should
suffer
death
as
an
enemie
of
the
common
good
.
This
was
intimated
to
him
by
a
Notary
Publick
.
But
Iohn
Arias
with
solid
and
good
reasons
answeared
,
that
hee
could
not
do
it
.
The
People
of
Illescas
hereupon
went
againe
into
the
council
,
and
ordred
,
that
Iohn
Arias
should
,
without
replie
,
deliver
the
Artillerie
,
or
bee
killed
;
whereunto
hee
made
answere
soberly
and
undauntedly
,
That
the
life
hee
yet
injoyed
was
onely
his
own
,
but
the
honor
and
good
name
descended
from
his
Ancestours
,
and
should
continue
as
an
inheritance
intailed
upon
his
Successors
,
That
it
was
in
their
powers
to
take
away
his
life
,
but
not
his
honor
,
for
that
hee
could
neither
give
nor
lose
,
That
if
they
did
take
his
life
,
it
would
cost
them
many
lives
,
That
they
had
best
take
heed
what
they
did
,
and
that
they
could
not
take
away
the
loyaltie
which
hee
owed
to
his
King
though
hee
should
lose
a
Thousand
lives
,
and
that
this
should
bee
his
resolution
in
despight
of
their
cruiltie
.
The
Common
People
,
seeing
the
resolute
courage
and
constancie
of
Iohn
Arias
de
Avila
,
suspended
for
the
present
the
mischief
they
intended
against
him
,
so
hee
tooke
horse
and
rode
with
a
stayed
serious
countenance
through
the
Town
,
attended
onely
with
those
few
servants
hee
brought
with
him
,
and
thence
returned
to
Torrejon
,
whereof
the
People
of
Illescas
presently
repented
themselvs
,
and
condemned
one
another
of
unadvisedness
,
in
that
they
had
not
killed
,
or
at
least
,
kept
him
prisoner
▪
But
John
Arias
mainteined
stoutly
three
Forts
well
provided
of
men
and
armes
in
the
King's
service
against
them
,
which
were
of
great
importance
for
the
suppressing
and
hindering
the
outrages
of
Toledo
,
and
those
neighbouring
places
,
to
the
great
hazard
of
his
life
and
fortunes
.
And
as
soon
as
hee
heard
that
the
Lord
Constable
was
Vice-Roy
of
Castilla
,
hee
sent
him
the
seal
of
his
hous
and
armes
,
offering
himself
wholie
to
accomplish
the
obligation
hee
had
to
his
Majestie
's
service
,
for
which
the
Lord-Constable
returned
him
thanks
promissing
to
acquaint
the
Emperor
with
his
loyaltie
,
and
moreover
recommended
to
his
care
the
charge
of
those
parts
,
which
John
Arias
performed
with
great
diligence
,
skermishing
often-times
with
the
Commoners
.
For
this
,
and
other
services
,
and
in
consideration
of
his
illustrious
extraction
,
the
Emperor
gave
him
the
ti●●e
of
Earl
of
Punio
en
Rostro
,
and
wrote
him
very
favorable
and
gratious
Lettres
,
expressing
the
great
esteem
and
account
hee
made
of
his
services
to
his
Majestie
.
In
a
hundred
small
Villages
the
People
rose
against
the
Earl
of
Chinchon
,
but
hee
suppress●d
them
quickly
,
and
punished
them
severely
.
Alcala
was
infected
with
the
like
disturbances
and
revolts
,
with
divers
other
places
of
the
Kingdom
,
imitating
their
chief
Town
which
was
the
ring-leader
of
all
those
distempers
.
SECT.
L.
CArdinal
Adriano
(
who
was
a
Saint-like
man
)
sought
all
means
possible
to
remedie
these
disorders
,
with
a
sweetness
and
Clemencie
answerable
to
his
Charitie
,
and
hearing
of
a
Gentleman
that
followed
the
Court
,
who
was
a
native
and
Iurate
of
Toledo
,
a
discreet
man
,
hee
sent
for
him
,
and
beeing
come
,
hee
asked
him
what
cours
(
in
his
opinion
)
was
fittest
to
bee
taken
for
the
pacifying
of
that
Citie
,
saying
,
That
if
hee
could
devise
anie
waie
to
do
it
,
hee
should
bee
exceeding
glad
to
embrace
it
,
and
hee
would
procure
his
Majestie
's
approbation
thereof
.
The
Gentleman
thanked
him
in
the
Citie
's
behalf
,
as
beeing
a
member
of
it
,
and
said
,
Hee
did
not
certainly
know
their
intention
,
but
according
to
his
judgment
,
the
onely
waie
to
cure
those
mischiefs
,
was
to
applie
the
same
medicine
which
they
desired
,
viz.
That
his
Majestie
would
bee
pleased
to
grant
to
Toledo
what
their
Commissioners
had
petitioned
him
in
Parlament
;
That
his
Eminence
would
command
Ronquillo
,
the
Judg
,
to
rais
his
Siege
before
Segovia
,
and
return
with
his
men
,
in
regard
the
Citie
was
much
scandalized
at
his
coming
in
such
an
hostile
manner
,
they
having
sent
two
Prelates
with
their
submission
,
and
begging
pardon
of
his
Eminence
;
that
hee
knew
how
all
the
chief
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
,
beeing
guiltie
of
the
like
Commotions
,
every
one
would
exspect
the
like
punishment
,
and
out
of
that
fear
,
they
would
rather
join
all
their
Forces
to
succor
Segovia
,
then
bee
liable
to
anie
such
rigorous
sentence
;
that
he
should
be
very
careful
in
that
point
,
for
if
the
people
once
lost
their
respect
,
hee
would
not
bee
able
to
correct
them
:
That
for
the
present
(
although
there
were
tumults
and
Commotions
everie
where
)
yet
there
was
no
publick
War
declared
,
onely
dissentions
amongst
the
people
.
But
if
they
joined
and
assisted
one
another
,
it
would
occasion
great
miserie
and
ruine
to
the
Kingdom
,
as
it
afterwards
fell
out
.
These
and
som
other
instances
the
Gentleman
pressed
to
the
Cardinal
,
who
finding
much
reason
and
weight
in
them
,
bad
him
come
again
to
him
the
next
daie
in
the
Evening
,
in
the
mean
time
hee
would
call
a
Council
concerning
those
particulars
.
The
Gentleman
punctually
observing
the
time
appointed
,
the
Cardinal
told
him
,
that
hee
had
consulted
about
that
business
,
but
they
were
not
all
of
his
opinion
,
so
that
there
could
bee
nothing
done
but
what
was
formerly
commanded
.
The
Iurate
beseeched
him
to
bee
very
warie
and
well
advised
;
for
som
of
his
Council
,
hee
told
him
,
were
men
o're-swaied
with
passion
,
and
more
wedded
to
their
private
interests
,
then
his
Majestie
's
service
,
and
that
to
his
knowledg
both
Toledo
and
Madrid
were
raising
men
to
send
to
reliev
Segovia
,
and
if
they
went
thither
,
hee
might
easily
see
what
mischief
would
ensue
.
The
Cardinal
thereupon
said
,
hee
would
call
a
Council
again
about
it
.
SECT
▪
LI.
TOledo
and
Madrid
(
as
beeing
nearest
)
fearing
that
if
Segovia
were
subdued
,
Iohn
de
Padillae
made
Cap●ain
of
the
Toledians
.
and
raised
men
to
send
to
succor
it
.
Toledo
pitched
upon
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
to
whom
they
gave
Commission
to
rais
a
thousand
Foot
,
and
a
hundred
Light-horsmen
(
whereof
Hernando
de
Ayala
was
Captain
)
with
som
pieces
of
Artillerie
.
Madrid
sent
out
four
hundred
Foot
,
and
fiftie
Hors.
The
Toledians
beeing
joined
with
those
of
Madrid
,
Iohn
Bravo
Captain
of
the
Segovian
forces
they
marched
together
to
a
place
called
Espinar
,
where
John
Bravo
Captain
of
the
Segovians
,
came
forth
with
his
men
to
receiv
them
;
They
made
all
together
two
thousand
Foot
,
and
one
hundred
and
fiftie
Horse
;
after
some
Conference
,
they
agreed
all
three
to
go
to
Santa
Maria
de
Nieva
,
where
Ronquillo
was
quartered
,
and
do
as
much
mischief
as
they
could
,
whil'st
those
of
Salamanca
and
other
places
might
join
,
Antonio
de
Fonseca
Captain
General
of
the
Kingdom
,
that
with
the
King's
standing
forces
,
and
with
all
the
rest
hee
could
make
of
Foot
and
Hors
,
hee
should
go
help
Ronquillo
,
and
of
that
Artillerie
which
was
at
Medina
del
Campo
,
hee
should
take
what
hee
thought
fitting
.
Moreover
hee
sent
to
command
R●nquillo
,
Antonio
de
Fonseca
commanded
by
the
Cardinal
to
assist
Ronquillo
.
that
by
no
means
hee
should
give
those
Captains
battle
,
but
should
first
join
with
Antonio
de
Fonseca
,
for
the
better
effecting
thereof
.
Antonio
de
Fonseca's
March
could
not
bee
kept
so
private
,
but
Valladolid
(
where
the
Order
was
made
)
perceived
it
.
Whereupon
(
although
they
were
cried
up
for
their
Loialtie
)
they
began
to
mutinie
much
more
then
before
they
had
done
,
(
which
was
no
slight
matter
neither
)
for
they
made
private
meetings
every
daie
.
Yet
notwithstanding
the
Commotions
of
Valladolid
,
Antonio
de
Fonseca
cunningly
got
out
of
the
Citie
,
and
marched
with
all
the
Hors
and
Foot
hee
could
rais
to
Arevalo
,
where
Ronquillo
and
the
Captains
that
were
with
him
,
met
him
with
theirs
,
Medina
del
Campo
not
to
deliver
their
Artillerie
to
Fonseca
.
and
concluded
of
their
journie
to
Medina
.
Segovia
having
notice
of
their
march
,
and
knowing
their
intention
,
which
was
to
bring
Artillerie
thence
for
their
hurt
and
dammage
,
immediately
dispatched
an
Express
to
Medina
,
with
a
Letter
to
this
effect
.
That
by
no
means
they
should
condescend
to
deliver
the
Artillerie
to
Fonseca
,
notwithstanding
the
persuasions
of
the
Bishop
of
Burgos
his
brother
,
who
had
been
long
there
solliciting
and
pressing
them
to
it
,
alleging
how
unjust
a
thing
it
were
,
since
Segovia
sent
their
Clothes
to
inrich
the
Fairs
of
Medina
,
that
Medina
should
send
Cannons
to
batter
and
beat
down
the
walls
of
Segovia
;
urging
moreover
,
that
if
they
did
so
,
it
would
bee
the
utter
ruine
of
Segovia
,
and
Medina
would
suffer
likewise
in
their
Fall
.
And
in
the
Close
,
they
desired
Medina
to
hear
and
give
full
credit
to
their
Messenger
,
who
should
impart
som
things
to
them
which
they
thought
not
fit
to
write
.
SECT.
LII
.
Antonio
de
Fonseca
advanceth
with
his
forces
to
Medina
to
demand
the
Artillerie
.
UPon
receit
of
this
Letter
,
those
of
Medina
resolved
not
to
deliver
the
Artillerie
.
Antonio
de
Fonseca
with
the
best
part
of
those
men
that
were
at
Arevalo
,
marched
thence
on
Tuesda●e
morning
the
21.
of
Angust
towards
Medina
,
with
intention
to
take
the
Artillerie
away
by
force
,
in
case
they
refused
to
deliver
it
,
as
already
they
had
upon
Ronquillo's
demand
.
They
beeing
advertised
by
the
Letter
from
Segovia
,
and
other
parts
,
of
these
preparations
against
them
,
put
on
a
resolution
to
stand
out
and
not
deliver
the
Artillerie
.
Antonio
de
Fonseca
having
friends
within
the
Town
(
besides
the
Corregidor
himself
,
Gutiere
Quijada
,
beeing
well
inclined
to
the
deliverie
thereof
)
began
first
to
treat
fairely
with
them
,
shewing
them
the
Orders
and
Power
hee
had
to
that
effect
.
But
the
Towns-men
replied
,
Antonio
de
Fonseca
seeing
this
,
Antonio
de
Fonseca
thought
to
catch
them
with
a
wile
(
not
intending
any
such
mischief
as
fell
out
)
which
was
thus
;
Medina
del
Campo
by
Fonseca's
men
hee
privately
commanded
certain
fire-bals
of
pitch
to
bee
made
and
flung
into
St
Francis
street
,
thinking
that
the
people
would
presently
run
all
thither
to
quench
the
fire
,
and
quit
the
gates
,
by
which
meanes
hee
might
enter
and
seize
upon
the
Artillerie
;
but
it
succeeded
not
according
to
his
exspectation
;
for
the
fire
began
to
rage
exceedingly
,
in
so
much
that
St
Francis
street
,
and
the
linnen
draperie
was
quite
through
of
a
flame
,
yet
the
inhabitants
shewed
so
much
courage
that
(
although
their
houses
,
goods
and
children
were
burning
before
their
eyes
)
they
would
not
depart
from
the
Artillerie
,
fighting
with
Antonio
de
Fonseca
and
his
men
,
until
they
had
driven
them
quite
from
the
Town
.
Fonseca
was
very
angrie
,
and
ashamed
that
hee
could
not
effect
his
intention
,
and
no
less
grieved
for
the
great
harm
and
damage
the
fire
had
done
,
which
hee
intended
not
.
The
Monasterie
of
St
Francis
was
burnt
to
the
ground
with
all
the
rich
ornaments
and
librarie
;
besides
great
store
of
Monie
,
Cloath
,
Silks
Clothes
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
and
other
rich
commodities
,
which
divers
Genua
,
and
Segovia
Merchants
had
layed
up
there
,
all
consumed
to
ashes
.
And
nine
hundred
houses
more
,
in
wh●ch
not
so
much
as
one
bed
was
preserved
.
It
was
a
lamentable
thing
to
see
how
the
poor
people
,
women
and
children
,
went
crying
,
and
groaning
up
and
down
the
streets
,
having
no
hous
left
to
go
into
,
nor
any
thing
to
cover
thei●
nakedness
,
calling
upon
God
for
justice
against
Fonseca
.
In
this
sad
condition
remained
Medina
,
more
inflamed
with
the
fire
of
wrath
in
their
hearts
,
then
their
houses
were
with
the
bals
of
pitch
.
The
Corregidor
durst
not
stay
,
becaus
hee
had
been
with
Fonseca
.
Whereupon
the
people
began
to
call
an
Assemblie
of
the
Commonaltie
,
and
took
the
same
form
of
government
as
the
other
Cities
did
.
They
wrote
forthwith
to
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
and
the
other
Captains
,
declaring
their
miseries
,
and
imploring
their
assistance
,
to
revenge
their
losses
upon
those
that
had
sided
with
Fonseca
against
them
;
and
their
chiefest
spleen
was
against
the
Town
of
Arevalo
,
becaus
Fonseca
had
carried
his
men
thence
.
Arevalo
feared
as
much
from
those
of
Segovia
,
and
in
it self
there
were
partialities
and
sidings
thereupon
,
som
taking
the
Commoners
part
,
others
the
Contrarie
.
Medina
wrote
likewise
to
the
other
Cities
,
imparting
to
them
their
calamities
:
Segovia
answered
their
Letters
,
expressing
manie
thanks
for
their
defending
so
couragiously
the
Artillerie
,
and
exceeding
sorrow
for
the
great
losses
they
had
susteined
,
SECT.
LIII
.
ADriano
the
Cardinal
of
Tortosa
(
beeing
a
holie
man
)
was
grieved
to
the
soul
at
the
disaster
of
Medina
,
and
in
excuse
of
himself
hee
wrote
a
Letter
to
them
,
expressing
his
sorrow
in
good
and
Saint-like
tearms
.
Whereunto
they
returned
an
answer
,
giving
his
Eminence
thanks
for
his
resentment
of
their
miseries
,
and
making
a
large
relation
of
the
cruelties
of
Fonseca
and
his
Souldiers
,
besides
the
great
losses
they
had
susteined
by
fire
,
which
they
esteemed
to
bee
of
so
high
value
,
that
they
doubted
the
King's
whole
Revenue
,
for
som
years
,
would
not
bee
enough
to
make
them
reparation
.
And
at
last
they
desired
his
Eminence
would
bee
pleased
to
condemned
and
declare
for
Traitors
and
disturbers
of
the
Kingdom
Antonio
de
Fonseca
,
Gutiere
Quijada
,
and
that
bloodie
robber
(
as
they
called
him
)
Iohn
de
Avila
,
and
disband
their
men
,
with
Command
that
everie
one
should
repair
to
their
own
home
,
and
not
burn
the
houses
of
his
Majestie
's
faithful
Subjects
,
for
under
colour
of
serving
the
King
,
they
did
him
great
disservice
therein
.
Finis
Libri
Secundi
.
THE
CIVIL
WARS
OF
SPAIN
.
THE
THIRD
BOOK
.
SECT.
I.
ANger
supported
on
the
shouldiers
of
Autoritie
is
like
lightning
from
heaven
.
Antonio
de
Fonseca
,
Captain
General
of
the
Kingdom
,
was
inraged
beyond
the
measure
of
discretion
against
Medina
.
Hee
burned
like
a
flash
of
lightning
,
their
houses
and
their
goods
,
but
hee
incensed
their
hearts
and
wills
much
more
(
like
men
in
despair
)
to
commit
a
thousand
absurdities
.
And
to
revenge
the
furie
of
his
passion
,
all
the
people
of
the
Town
took
Arms
,
dispersed
Letters
of
their
grievances
through
the
whole
Kingdom
,
desiring
vengeance
,
and
hee
that
could
do
most
mischief
was
held
the
bravest
fellow
.
Amongst
these
broils
and
mischiefs
,
there
was
one
particularly
noted
for
his
courage
and
boldness
,
a
Cloth-worker
by
trade
,
his
name
was
Bobadilla
,
a
mean
fellow
,
dull
,
but
cruel
of
disposition
;
hee
was
followed
,
as
their
Captain
,
by
divers
that
were
undone
,
and
therefore
grown
furiously
passionate
.
First
hee
fell
upon
Gil
Nieto
(
who
had
been
his
Master
)
cutting
and
slashing
till
hee
had
killed
him
;
then
hee
killed
a
Book-seller
,
called
Tellez
;
next
,
a
Regidor
of
the
Town
,
called
Lope
de
Vera.
And
so
hee
and
his
Associats
served
all
those
whom
they
knew
,
or
did
but
imagine
,
had
anie
hand
in
Fonseca's
coming
to
demand
the
Artillerie
,
or
had
consented
to
the
delivering
of
it
.
They
pluckt
down
the
houses
which
Don
Rodrigo
Mexia
had
there
,
and
committed
divers
other
cru●lties
and
outrages
.
This
active
audaciousness
of
Bobadilla
got
him
very
much
credit
and
esteem
amongst
the
people
,
and
hee
Lorded
it
,
and
took
so
much
upon
him
,
that
from
that
time
forwards
nothing
was
done
but
what
h●e
would
;
so
hee
commanded
and
governed
as
Head
of
the
people
.
Antonio
Casado
in
Segovia
,
and
others
such
like
,
who
beeing
bold
,
and
without
honor
or
shame
,
were
followed
and
esteemed
by
the
common
and
meaner
sort
;
And
indeed
divers
Gentlemen
were
to
blame
herein
,
who
did
very
much
harm
,
som
by
kindling
and
fomenting
the
fire
secretly
,
others
publickly
,
not
with
design
to
do
the
King
anie
disservice
,
but
by
reason
of
parties
and
factions
amongst
themselvs
,
som
siding
with
the
Commonaltie
,
purposely
to
destroie
others
,
so
that
it
was
more
their
particular
factions
and
seditions
,
then
their
disobedience
to
his
Majestie
,
that
occasioned
all
these
disorders
.
Antonio
de
Fonseca
and
Ronquillo
.
SECT.
II.
THe
Emperor
wrote
to
Valladolid
,
giving
them
thanks
that
they
had
preserved
Peace
and
quietness
in
that
Citie
,
and
for
the
good
entertainment
they
had
given
,
in
his
absence
,
to
the
Cardinal
,
Holie
Land
,
and
bee
a
great
Defendor
of
the
Church
,
as
the
Emperors
and
Kings
,
his
forefathers
,
had
been
.
And
moreover
they
beseeched
,
with
all
humilitie
,
his
Sacred
Majestie
,
forasmuch
as
that
Citie
had
not
onely
shewed
their
Loialtie
,
in
serving
,
with
their
Arms
,
the
Kings
his
Ancestors
(
as
Don
Alonso
the
Eleventh
,
Don
John
the
Second
,
and
others
)
but
also
in
advising
and
counselling
them
what
was
most
expedient
for
their
Roial
services
.
And
since
it
was
apparent
,
that
the
granting
of
the
Subsidie
in
the
Parlament
at
the
Groyn
,
had
been
the
onely
occasion
of
so
manie
great
Commotions
and
troubles
in
the
Kingdom
,
that
his
Majestie
would
bee
pleased
(
of
his
innate
liberalitie
and
goodness
)
graciously
to
remit
and
pardon
all
those
that
had
opposed
the
levying
thereof
,
and
that
it
should
bee
no
more
demanded
,
which
favor
would
be
so
acceptable
to
the
whole
Kingdom
,
that
at
his
return
(
which
they
hoped
would
bee
●peedily
)
they
would
do
him
such
extraordinarie
service
,
that
Hee
should
thank
them
for
preferring
Him
that
Petition
,
and
know
more
clearly
their
desires
to
serv
Him
.
But
the
burning
of
Medina
del
Campo
,
caused
so
great
scandal
in
Castilla
,
that
it
revived
and
made
the
fire
blase
more
fiercely
out
amongst
the
common
people
,
and
infected
their
Spirits
so
,
that
manie
other
Towns
,
whither
the
sore
had
not
yet
run
,
rose
up
in
the
like
disorder
.
The
next
daie
after
Medina
was
burnt
(
as
you
have
heard
)
they
sent
Letters
with
a
particuler
of
the
passages
,
to
Valladolid
.
With
no
less
furie
,
then
Fonseca's
firebals
consumed
the
houses
of
Medina
,
were
inflamed
the
hearts
of
those
of
Valladolid
at
the
receipt
of
those
dolorous
tydings
.
And
without
respect
to
the
Cardinal
,
Governor
,
San
Miguel
,
whereupon
all
the
people
presently
took
arms
,
and
ran
from
all
parts
of
the
Citie
to
the
great
market-place
,
and
all
that
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
and
Don
Alonso
Enriquez
Bishop
of
Osma
could
do
,
or
saie
(
who
came
out
to
pacifie
the
people
)
was
to
no
purpose
.
And
beeing
thus
gathered
together
,
about
five
or
six
thousand
men
,
they
went
to
Pedro
de
Portillo's
hous
,
about
twy-light
(
for
at
that
time
hee
was
chief
Burgess
of
the
Cittie
)
willing
him
to
go
along
with
them
to
the
President
of
the
Council
,
that
hee
might
provide
for
certain
things
,
which
were
necessarie
for
the
Citie
.
But
Pedro
de
Portillo
displeased
them
so
with
his
answear
,
calling
them
mutiniers
and
theevs
,
that
went
about
to
robb
and
plunder
,
that
in
furious
madness
they
broke
open
his
dores
and
windowes
,
and
hee
had
much
adoe
to
get
cleer
of
them
by
hiding
himself
;
seeing
they
could
not
find
him
,
they
took
a
rich
cupboard
of
plate
,
that
was
set
against
supper
,
they
searched
his
hous
all
over
,
plundred
his
shop
and
warehous
,
and
took
away
manie
rich
cloaths
and
silks
(
for
hee
was
a
merchant
)
they
made
a
great
fire
before
his
dore
,
in
which
they
burned
manie
pieces
of
rich
cloath
of
gold
and
silver
,
silks
,
wollen
cloaths
,
tapistries
,
rich
mantles
,
ermines
and
other
things
of
great
value
(
for
hee
was
a
very
rich
man
)
they
left
not
so
much
as
a
hen
,
but
they
flung
it
in
the
fire
or
stole
it
away
.
And
at
the
carrying
away
of
their
plunder
,
they
fell
out
and
fought
with
one
another
.
This
man's
loss
was
esteemed
above
three
millions
of
Maravediz
.
Not
satisfied
with
all
this
,
they
began
to
pluck
the
hous
down
,
and
som
boies
that
followed
their
fathers
,
set
fire
to
a
Garret
,
where
was
great
store
of
drie
wood
and
bavins
,
which
burned
furiously
,
but
fearing
to
burn
the
neighboring
houses
,
they
suddenly
quenc●ed
the
fire
again
,
which
if
they
had
not
don
,
would
have
endangered
a
great
part
of
the
Citie
.
This
done
,
beeing
inraged
with
that
popular
furie
which
the
Divel
had
sow●d
in
Spain
,
with
loud
out-cries
they
ran
to
the
hous
of
Antonio
de
Fonseca
,
who
set
fire
on
Medina
,
and
in
revenge
thereof
,
they
burnt
and
pluckt
it
to
the
ground
,
not
leaving
a
bit
of
timber
,
nor
a
tile
that
belonged
to
it
,
unconsumed
.
Thence
they
went
to
Alonso
Ninno
de
Castro's
hous
(
who
was
chief
Judg
of
the
Citie
)
and
finding
not
him
,
they
plundered
it
,
and
plucked
down
the
●ntrie
.
The
like
they
did
to
divers
of
the
principal
men
of
the
Citie
,
which
a
certain
Autor
,
a
Native
of
Valladolid
,
and
an
eie-witness
of
all
these
passages
,
saith
,
was
a
just
judgment
upon
the
Regidores
,
and
the
rest
,
for
their
ambitions
and
disordinate
desires
of
advancing
their
particular
ends
,
without
regard
of
the
publick
good
,
suffering
their
Countrie
to
bee
drained
of
all
its
treasure
by
strangers
,
to
the
sum
of
nine
millions
of
gold
,
out
of
Castilla
onely
,
which
was
never
converted
to
his
Majestie
's
use
,
but
was
shared
amongst
the
Flemings
▪
This
was
the
general
complaint
of
that
Kingdom
,
which
people
of
those
times
said
,
ought
to
bee
registred
in
characte●s
of
blood
▪
After
this
,
they
made
themselvs
strong
,
keeping
constant
watch
,
and
going
the
Rounds
with
Minstrels
and
Drums
,
no
less
then
fifteen
hundred
together
at
the
first
▪
but
this
was
so
chargeable
,
that
they
reformed
their
Rounds
to
twentie
men
at
a
time
.
Som
nights
they
found
gunpowder
mingled
with
pitch
scattered
in
the
streets
,
which
they
said
,
Antonio
de
Fonseca
had
commanded
to
bee
done
,
for
anger
that
his
hous
was
burnt
.
After
that
they
kept
Rounds
and
strong
Guards
at
the
Gates
,
and
they
were
so
affraid
of
fire
and
pitch
,
that
they
watered
all
their
houses
with
vineger
,
thinking
there
was
som
design
to
burn
Vallado●●●
as
well
as
Me●ina
.
They
called
an
assemblie
in
the
Monasterie
of
the
Trinitie
,
where
they
chose
new
Burgesses
and
Deputies
.
Then
they
sent
for
the
Gentlemen
and
Citizens
of
the
Town
,
whom
they
made
to
swear
and
take
the
ingagement
of
the
Commonaltie
,
which
for
feare
of
death
they
durst
not
refuse
to
do
.
They
made
the
Infante
of
Granada
their
Captain
General
,
which
office
hee
was
inforced
to
accept
,
or
die
.
And
they
all
swore
to
obey
him
,
and
to
do
nothing
contrarie
to
his
command
;
which
charge
hee
began
to
exercise
with
much
discretion
.
But
becaus
they
knew
that
Don
Alonso
Enriquez
Bishop
of
Osma
,
and
brother
to
the
Lord
Admiral
,
did
not
like
well
of
their
proceedings
,
they
turned
him
out
of
the
Citie
,
and
divers
other
Gentlemen
likewise
,
becaus
they
could
not
trust
them
.
Which
done
,
they
presen●lie
sent
messengers
to
Medina
del
Campo
,
offering
them
succor
.
And
to
that
effect
they
listed
two
thousand
Souldiers
,
and
chose
likewise
six
Commissioners
,
to
send
to
the
Iunta
,
or
Assemblie
,
held
in
Avila
,
to
which
already
the
gave
they
Attribute
of
Holie
.
SECT.
III.
THe
Cardinal
and
those
of
the
Council
seeing
all
these
passages
,
were
so
far
from
providing
or
ordering
any
thing
in
this
case
,
that
they
durst
not
,
neither
did
it
seem
possible
for
them
to
meet
,
and
confer
of
what
was
to
bee
done
.
But
as
in
a
storm
at
Sea
,
when
there
is
neither
sayles
,
marriners
nor
pilots
(
all
hope
lost
)
the
ship
is
left
to
drive
at
the
tempest's
pleasure
:
so
the
Cardinal
and
the
Arch-Bishop
of
of
Granada
,
and
those
of
the
Council
(
having
no
means
to
resist
)
thought
best
to
let
alone
that
people
,
who
were
hurried
away
with
so
violent
a
storm
of
inconsiderate
furie
.
The
Cardinal
made
them
a
thousand
congies
,
and
excused
himself
saying
,
that
hee
never
commanded
Medina
to
bee
burned
,
nor
had
any
hand
in
the
other
mischiefs
:
quite
contrarie
it
grieved
him
to
the
very
soul
,
to
hear
what
Fonseca
had
done
.
And
beeing
desired
by
the
Citie
,
Antonio
de
Fonseca
should
leav
him
and
return
to
their
houses
,
and
hee
sent
his
express
order
to
the
same
effect
to
Antonio
de
Fonseca
,
commanding
him
to
disband
his
men
,
reserving
onely
what
was
necessarie
for
the
guard
of
his
own
person
,
in
regard
it
was
not
possible
to
maintein
an
Army
in
those
parts
,
having
no
means
,
nor
place
where
to
raise
monie
for
their
subsistance
.
Fonseca
was
inforced
to
obey
,
conforming
himself
to
the
time
so
taking
a
partie
of
hors
with
him
,
hee
went
out
of
the
Kingdom
;
for
all
in
that
Countrie
were
his
deadlie
enemies
,
and
hee
had
no
mind
to
bee
surprised
by
them
in
Arevalo
,
or
either
of
his
Towns
of
Coca
or
Alaejos
,
but
leaving
them
well
fortified
,
and
his
son
Don
Fernando
in
Coca
,
hee
passed
into
Portugal
,
and
thence
by
Sea
into
Flanders
with
the
Judge
Ronquillo
.
SECT.
IV.
ABout
this
time
Caceres
in
Estremadura
,
and
the
Citie
of
Iaen
in
Andaluzia
(
where
as
yet
the
diseas
had
not
broke
out
)
began
to
cry
up
the
Commonaltie
.
Don
Rodrigo
Mexia
.
So
that
Don
Rodrigo
Mexia
Lord
of
Santa
Eufemia
,
who
had
a
great
partie
,
beeing
born
in
that
Citie
,
labored
and
used
all
means
possible
to
hinder
the
people
from
the
outrages
and
mischiefs
,
which
were
done
in
other
Cities
,
and
not
beeing
able
to
bridle
and
restrain
their
furie
otherwise
,
hee
took
upon
himself
the
charge
of
the
Justice
and
Commonaltie
.
Manie
other
Gentlemen
made
use
of
the
like
prudent
dissimulation
,
not
beeing
able
to
do
otherwise
.
Badajoz
also
,
beeing
in
the
like
distemper
,
was
quieted
by
his
good
industrie
,
they
of
Badajoz
took
a
fort
from
him
that
kept
it
for
the
Earl
of
Feria
.
There
is
no
reason
why
the
Andaluzians
should
bee
held
any
better
then
the
Castillians
,
for
in
all
places
the
dissentions
were
much
alike
,
and
their
demeanors
,
as
if
the
common
people
had
agreed
and
contracted
together
som
yeares
before
.
SECT.
V.
Castilla
,
Don
Luis
de
la
Cueva
,
cozen
german
to
the
Duke
of
Alburquerque
,
was
Captain
of
the
Venavides
.
Caravajal
Lord
of
Todar
(
which
is
a
Village
two
leagues
from
Ubeda
)
commanded
the
other
partie
.
In
these
factions
there
was
so
much
animositie
,
that
one
daie
Don
Luis
de
Ubeda
,
coming
in
a
litter
(
for
hee
was
an
old
man
)
was
set
upon
by
Caravajal
Lord
of
Todar
,
attended
by
an
hundred
hors
,
who
gave
him
so
manie
thrusts
with
his
lance
,
that
hee
killed
him
in
his
litter
.
This
done
,
hee
was
carried
back
to
Ubeda
,
where
the
manner
of
his
death
beeing
related
to
his
son
Don
Alonso
,
and
their
kindred
,
to
revenge
his
father's
death
,
they
went
to
the
Village
of
Todar
,
where
they
killed
and
cut
the
throats
of
all
they
could
lay
hands
upon
,
and
afterwards
set
fire
to
the
Village
in
manie
places
,
that
some
that
hid
themselvs
in
their
houses
,
were
fain
to
leap
out
at
the
windows
to
avoid
the
fire
.
The
destruction
and
crueltie
was
so
great
,
that
they
reckoned
of
killed
and
burned
,
about
two
thousand
persons
,
men
,
women
,
or
children
,
and
onely
the
ruines
of
some
houses
in
the
village
remained
.
But
indeed
though
these
Gentlemen
were
Loyall
like
Noble
persons
,
yet
it
was
so
,
that
in
this
there
was
more
of
passion
and
particular
grudge
and
hatred
then
anie
matter
of
Commonaltie
.
For
neither
the
Venavides
,
nor
those
of
la
Cueva
,
ever
were
Commoners
,
or
pretended
to
disserv
the
King
.
But
in
these
places
,
with
the
occasion
of
the
Kingdom
's
beeing
in
a
hurly-burly
,
they
made
use
of
the
Common
Interest
to
revenge
their
private
passions
.
And
it
is
apparent
,
that
if
these
Gentlemen
did
follow
the
Commonaltie
,
as
wishing
it
well
,
yet
they
were
none
of
their
Captains
.
SECT.
VI.
CUenca
,
Luis
Carrillo
de
Albhornoz
,
Lord
of
Torralva
and
Berreta
)
they
so
much
sl●ghted
him
,
that
hee
was
inforced
to
dissemble
and
sum●on
all
his
reason
and
prudence
to
persuade
his
heart
to
brook
it
.
Their
audaciousness
grew
to
that
pass
,
that
hee
riding
upon
his
mule
through
the
street
,
a
Rascal
of
the
Common
sort
struck
him
over
the
buttock
,
saying
,
in
a
scoffing
manner
,
Go
thy
waie
Luis
Carrillo
;
hee
was
glad
to
let
this
pass
,
the
times
not
permitting
him
to
do
otherwise
.
Luis
Carrillo
was
married
to
Donia
Inez
Varrientos
de
Manrique
,
a
Ladie
of
a
Masculine
courage
,
who
desiring
to
revenge
the
injuries
and
affronts
done
to
her
husband
,
and
to
stop
and
take
off
the
opprobrious
taunts
of
the
people
,
she
invited
the
Captains
of
the
Commonaltie
to
Supper
,
and
having
well
loaden
their
heads
with
wine
,
shee
caused
them
to
bee
carried
to
sleep
in
several
chambers
,
and
beeing
dead
with
sleep
and
the
vapors
of
the
wine
,
shee
commanded
her
servants
to
cut
their
throats
,
and
hang
their
bodies
out
at
the
windows
next
the
street
.
SECT.
VII
.
AVila
was
the
seat
where
all
the
Cities
made
their
Assemblie
▪
Here
they
did
such
disorders
,
as
the
loyal
Citie
of
Avila
ought
not
to
have
permitted
.
The
Common
people
were
the
onely
Actors
thereof
,
for
the
Gentrie
still
persevered
in
the
fidelitie
of
their
Ancestors
.
And
becaus
Antonio
Ponce
(
like
a
loial
Gentleman
)
would
not
swear
to
follow
the
Commonaltie
,
they
began
to
pluck
down
his
hous
,
but
did
not
,
beeing
hindred
by
som
other
Gentlemen
.
The
rest
,
as
in
other
Cities
,
did
swear
and
took
the
Engagement
of
the
Commonaltie
,
som
willingly
,
som
becaus
they
did
not
rightly
understand
themselvs
,
and
others
out
of
fear
.
They
would
have
pluckt
down
the
hous
of
Diego
Hernando
de
Quiniones
,
becaus
hee
had
granted
the
Subsidie
,
beeing
their
Commissioner
in
the
last
Parlament
,
but
som
good
men
intervening
,
hindered
the
executing
of
their
Purpose
.
They
had
possessed
themselvs
of
the
Fort
,
if
Don
Gonzalo
Chachon
Lord
of
Cassarruvios
,
(
seeing
the
Commotions
in
most
parts
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
that
Toledo
had
taken
the
Fort
from
Don
Iohn
de
Silva
,
and
Segovia
would
have
done
the
like
to
the
Earl
of
Chinchon
)
had
not
prudently
and
with
dissimulation
provided
it
(
hee
beeing
Governor
thereof
)
with
Munition
,
Arms
and
men
,
taking
them
in
by
night
,
and
hiding
them
by
daie
.
The
Fort
beeing
thus
Ammunitioned
,
when
the
Common-people
ple
flocked
thither
to
take
it
,
they
found
greater
resistance
then
they
exspected
.
And
the
Citie
perceiving
they
might
bee
much
damnified
by
the
Fort
,
and
those
of
the
Fort
likewise
by
the
Citie
;
they
treated
of
an
Agreement
and
Cessation
of
Arms
,
whereby
they
might
live
quietly
,
and
not
to
do
anie
act
of
Hostilitie
to
each
other
.
Don
Gonzalo
Chachon
having
informed
the
Cardinal
,
Governor
,
of
this
Treatie
,
by
his
consent
it
was
concluded
,
and
Articles
on
both
sides
were
drawn
in
form
,
signed
and
delivered
in
presence
of
the
publick
Notaries
of
the
Citie
.
So
those
of
the
Fort
lived
quietly
,
leaving
the
Towns-men
to
the
confusion
of
their
Commonaltie
.
The
nobleness
of
the
Gentrie
(
in
imitation
of
their
Ancestors
,
desirous
to
serv
the
King
)
beeing
as
a
firm
Bulwark
and
secure
Guard
against
their
indiscreet
furie
.
This
made
Avila
gain
the
renown
of
Loial
.
SECT.
VIII
.
NOt
onely
the
fore-named
Cities
were
infected
with
this
spirit
of
Sedition
,
but
divers
other
small
Towns
and
Villages
were
tainted
with
the
same
Contagion
,
where
the
diseas
raged
with
such
unnatural
furie
,
that
there
was
neither
Law
nor
respect
betwixt
Fathers
and
the
Children
,
som
being
of
one
opinion
,
the
others
contrarie
.
In
a
certain
Village
called
Medin●
,
Palomera
de
Avila
,
lived
a
Byscainer
Priest
,
half
a
fool
,
who
was
so
affectionated
to
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
that
everie
Holie
daie
in
the
Church
hee
used
to
saie
,
I
recommend
unto
your
praiers
,
Brethren
,
The
most
holie
Commonaltie
,
desiring
God
to
preserv
and
support
it
,
that
it
may
never
fall
.
I
recommend
unto
you
likewise
,
his
Majestie
the
King
,
Don
John
de
Padilla
,
that
God
may
prosper
him
;
as
also
her
Highness
the
Queen
,
our
Ladie
Donia
Maria
Pacheco
,
that
God
may
powr
down
his
blessings
upon
her
;
for
verily
these
are
the
true
Kings
,
the
rest
are
all
but
Tyrants
.
These
praiers
continued
for
three
weeks
together
,
after
which
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
with
his
Souldiers
,
passing
that
waie
,
som
of
them
were
quartered
in
this
Priest's
hous
,
who
drank
him
up
a
little
barrel
of
wine
,
killed
his
Hens
,
and
took
away
a
young
wench
that
he
kept
,
with
them
.
The
Sundaie
following
,
beeing
in
the
Church
,
hee
said
to
his
parishioners
,
You
know
,
Brethren
,
how
John
de
Padilla
passing
here
,
his
souldiers
quartered
in
my
hous
,
truly
Beloved
,
they
have
not
left
mee
one
Hen
,
they
have
eaten
up
all
my
Bacon
,
they
have
drunk
mee
a
whole
Barrel
of
Wine
,
and
have
taken
my
Katherine
away
with
them
,
therefore
I
charge
you
henceforwards
not
to
praie
God
for
him
,
but
for
our
Sovereign
Lord
Don
Carlos
,
and
the
Queen
Donia
Juana
,
for
They
are
our
true
Kings
.
I
do
relate
som
of
these
fopperies
,
that
you
may
see
how
foolish
and
blinde
men
were
at
that
time
,
and
indeed
no
better
could
then
bee
exspected
;
for
certainly
som
malign
star
had
predominance
for
two
years
over
those
parts
,
which
made
men
fall
into
such
unheard
of
extravagancies
.
SECT.
IX
.
THe
Citie
of
Soria
was
ingaged
in
no
less
mischief
then
the
other
Cities
,
by
the
rising
of
the
Common
People
.
If
I
should
undertake
to
particularize
the
riotous
disorders
of
ev●rie
several
place
,
my
work
would
never
be
at
an
end
.
In
short
,
none
of
those
that
treated
of
Commonalties
,
made
anie
bones
of
killing
their
neighbors
,
plucking
down
their
houses
,
and
committing
a
thousand
exorb●tances
(
like
rash
unadvised
men
,
without
sens
or
judgment
)
as
to
discompose
the
form
of
Government
,
displace
the
Officers
of
Justice
,
taking
their
staves
from
them
,
and
naming
other
Judges
,
without
considering
or
reflecting
upon
the
end
that
followeth
such
like
disorders
,
nor
how
to
bee
preserved
in
them
.
Ciudad
Roderigo
declare
for
the
Commonaltie
The
Citie
of
Toro
and
Ciudad
Rodrigo
took
likewise
the
Engagement
of
the
Commonaltie
.
They
turned
out
the
Officers
of
Justice
established
by
the
King
,
and
put
others
in
their
places
;
And
those
Gentlemen
that
had
most
power
,
drove
their
Antagonists
out
of
the
Citie
.
Which
factious
bandyings
one
against
another
,
in
revenge
of
particuler
grudges
and
quarrels
,
were
the
chiefest
occasion
of
kindling
the
people's
furie
,
and
it
might
justly
bee
said
,
that
they
were
private
seditions
and
tumults
,
not
Rebellion
against
their
King
,
for
there
was
no
such
word
amongst
the
Gentrie
,
nor
the
Common
people
.
SECT.
X.
LEon
had
done
wisely
if
they
had
continued
in
the
same
good
resolution
,
wherewith
they
answered
Valladolid
concerning
the
Treatie
of
an
Assemblie
,
which
Toledo
desired
.
But
(
as
I
have
often
said
)
the
factions
and
parcialities
that
were
in
everie
Citie
,
did
more
harm
then
anie
thing
els
in
these
Commotions
.
The
Guzmanes
were
so
highly
distasted
at
their
beeing
put
out
of
Don
Fernando
,
the
Infante
,
his
service
,
that
a
little
thing
would
have
made
them
raise
a
Commotion
in
that
Citie
,
where
they
were
very
powerfull
,
beeing
of
an
Ancient
and
Noble
extraction
.
They
had
some
difference
and
spleen
against
the
Earl
of
Luna
,
who
was
sent
Commissioner
from
that
Citie
to
the
Parlament
,
that
was
held
at
the
Groyne
,
Ramiro
Nunn●z
de
Guzman
spoke
thus
to
him
;
They
saie
,
you
have
granted
the
Subsidie
,
and
gon
beyond
your
Commission
,
if
that
bee
true
,
you
deserve
to
bee
severely
punished
.
The
Earl
hereupon
answered
Ramiro
Nunnez
,
I
have
done
what
I
ought
and
what
I
was
Commanded
to
do
,
neither
have
I
exceeded
my
Commission
one
title
.
So
from
one
thing
to
another
at
last
they
fell
into
a
great
passion
,
and
Ramiro
Nunnez
said
to
the
Earl
,
I
will
make
you
know
with
this
my
Sword
against
yours
,
how
you
are
a
Traytor
,
and
have
Committed
Treason
against
this
Citie
.
Thereupon
they
both
drew
,
and
this
unfortunate
controversie
,
divided
the
Citie
into
two
factions
.
For
these
two
families
beeing
the
chief
and
most
Ancient
of
the
Citie
,
had
each
of
them
manie
friends
,
kindred
and
abbettours
;
but
in
regard
the
Earl
was
out
of
favour
with
the
people
,
and
Ramiro
Nunnez
much
beloved
and
followed
by
a
great
multitude
,
they
fell
upon
the
Earl
and
his
partie
with
such
furie
,
that
they
killed
thirteen
of
his
men
,
there
were
manie
on
both
sides
wounded
.
The
Earl
was
beholding
to
the
swiftness
of
his
hors
,
or
else
hee
had
born
his
dead
followers
companie
.
This
news
was
brought
to
Valladolid
,
and
the
Cardinall
highly
resented
it
,
but
knew
not
how
to
remedie
it
,
seeing
the
fire
so
generally
kindled
throughout
the
kingdom
,
that
of
the
eighteen
Towns
of
Castilla
which
had
Votes
in
Parlament
,
fifteen
were
risen
for
the
Commonaltie
,
and
had
chosen
Commissioners
,
or
Burgesses
,
to
goe
to
the
Iunta
,
or
,
Assemblie
,
then
held
in
Avila
.
The
Cardinall
derived
the
fault
of
all
this
mischief
upon
Monsieur
de
Xeures
,
for
giving
the
Emperor
so
ill
counsel
,
as
to
demand
that
Subsidie
,
and
the
worst
of
all
was
,
that
hee
never
received
it
.
The
Cardinal
was
out
of
heart
,
and
perplext
with
continual
fears
,
not
thinking
himself
secure
in
Valladolid
,
by
reason
of
these
troubles
and
heart-burnings
of
the
people
,
which
no
fault
of
the
King
's
but
the
covetousness
of
his
insatiable
Counsellers
,
had
occasioned
.
I
have
alreadie
told
you
,
that
one
Subsidie
they
desired
was
three
hundred
millions
,
and
another
time
six
hundred
millions
,
in
all
nine
hundred
millions
of
Maravediz
;
therefore
let
no
man
marvel
at
the
great
difference
of
these
sums
,
for
in
effect
no
bodie
could
rightly
understand
what
they
would
have
had
;
yet
they
saie
,
the
Emperor
desired
no
more
then
the
ordinarie
Subsidie
that
his
Predecessors
,
the
Catholick
Kings
had
,
(
which
was
two
hundred
millions
everie
year
)
and
that
the
over-plus
they
stole
from
him
and
the
Kingdom
,
contrarie
to
his
will
or
knowledg
.
SECT.
XI
.
THe
affairs
of
Spain
were
so
imbroiled
,
and
men
so
inconsiderately
raving
,
that
it
seemed
as
it
were
a
scourge
from
Heaven
,
which
threatned
no
less
destruction
to
that
Countrie
then
that
,
during
the
reign
of
Don
Rodrigo
.
They
trusted
in
Southsaier's
Prognostical
judgments
of
the
succeeding
mischiefs
.
Som
Divels
invented
,
I
know
not
what
Prophecies
,
which
they
father'd
upon
Saint
Isidorus
Arch-Bishop
of
Sevilia
,
others
upon
Frier
Iohn
de
Roccacelsa
,
and
one
Merlin
,
besides
others
,
which
they
said
,
were
of
Saint
Iohn
Damascenus
,
and
other
Doctors
;
that
of
Saint
Isidorus
was
his
complaints
or
lamentations
over
Spain
.
I
have
read
all
those
ill
pres●ges
of
calamitie
and
destruction
to
Spain
,
which
so
much
affrighted
and
dismaied
the
people
,
and
I
find
them
onely
idle
things
,
which
deserv
not
the
setting
down
here
,
unless
it
were
to
make
us
wonder
at
the
facilitie
and
weakness
of
men
in
those
times
,
to
give
credit
to
anie
such
like
fopperies
.
The
ignorant
people
were
particularly
besotted
with
one
which
pourported
,
That
there
should
reign
over
Spain
a
Prince
called
Charles
,
who
should
destroie
the
Kingdom
,
and
make
the
Cities
desolate
,
but
hee
should
bee
overcom
and
driven
out
of
the
Kingdom
by
an
Infante
of
Portingal
,
and
that
the
said
Infante
should
reign
over
all
Spain
,
and
mee
think's
wee
see
the
contrarie
.
Such
follies
doth
blinde
passion
,
work
in
thoughts
of
ignorant
and
indiscreet
people
.
SECT.
XII
.
TOledo
wrote
to
the
other
Cities
the
last
year
1519
,
inviting
them
to
assemble
,
and
consult
of
what
was
most
meet
and
expedient
for
them
to
supplicate
the
Emperor
before
his
departure
out
of
the
Kingdom
.
And
in
regard
that
Assemblie
went
not
forwards
,
and
that
now
things
were
in
such
disorder
,
that
the
breaking
out
was
universal
through
the
whole
Kingdom
,
yet
they
did
not
well
understand
,
nor
trust
one
another
;
so
for
the
begetting
a
better
intelligence
amongst
them
,
and
to
the
end
they
might
the
more
firmly
establish
the
Commonaltie
,
Holie
,
Toledo
sent
other
Letters
to
all
the
Cities
of
Castillia
,
pressing
them
with
manie
powerful
arguments
,
to
send
,
without
delaie
,
their
Commissioners
to
the
Holie
Assemblie
at
Avila
,
and
not
to
return
them
anie
such
excuse
,
as
formerly
,
becaus
such
kinde
of
Congregations
and
Assemblies
were
condemned
by
strangers
;
for
in
that
Holie
Assemblie
nothing
was
to
bee
debated
,
but
what
concerned
the
Service
of
GOD.
And
that
they
might
studie
or
invent
Remedies
against
the
Seven
sins
of
Spain
,
treating
first
,
Of
their
fidelitie
to
the
King
,
their
Lord
.
Secondly
,
the
Peace
of
the
Kingdom
.
Thirdly
,
the
Remedie
or
settling
of
the
Roial
Patrimonie
▪
Fourthly
,
the
grievances
of
the
Natives
.
Fifthly
,
the
Injustice
done
by
Strangers
.
Sixtly
,
the
Tyrannies
with
som
of
their
own
Countrie-men
had
invented
.
Seventhly
,
the
intolerable
Impositions
&
taxes
which
that
Kingdom
suffered
.
Urging
moreover
,
that
they
should
not
value
what
censure
passed
upon
them
amongst
their
enemies
for
so
doing
,
in
regard
wicked
persons
are
alwaies
ready
to
blast
with
opprobrious
tongues
,
all
good
and
religious
actions
,
which
presupposed
,
although
things
should
fall
out
contrarie
to
their
exspectations
or
desires
,
and
that
they
should
bee
in
danger
of
their
persons
,
thei●
houses
should
be
plucktdown
,
their
goods
taken
away
,
and
at
last
should
lose
their
lives
:
In
such
case
they
were
to
esteem
disgrace
a
favor
,
danger
securitie
,
povertie
riches
,
banishment
a
glorie
,
loss
profit
,
persecution
a
crown
,
death
life
;
for
nothing
is
so
glorious
for
a
man
,
as
to
spend
his
life
in
the
defence
of
the
Republick
.
After
all
these
,
and
divers
other
persuasive
arguments
,
they
desired
each
Citie
to
give
ful
credence
to
their
Messenger
,
who
had
instructions
to
treat
further
with
them
.
SECT.
XIII
.
THe
fifth
of
Iulie
1520
,
the
Lord
Deputie
of
Murcia
made
a
complaint
to
the
Cardinal
and
Council
,
how
the
Citie
,
beeing
risen
,
had
killed
their
Governor
,
a
Judg
,
and
one
of
the
Sheriffs
,
besides
several
other
persons
,
and
that
the
people
were
all
in
Arms
,
and
so
disorderly
,
that
becaus
hee
went
about
to
pacifie
and
allaie
their
furie
gently
,
and
in
a
peaceable
manner
representing
to
them
the
foulness
and
enormitie
of
what
they
had
don
,
they
drove
him
out
of
the
Citie
,
and
placed
Guards
and
Rounds
,
which
committed
very
great
disorders
.
Hereupon
it
was
ordered
by
the
Council
,
that
Leguizama
,
Iudg
!
Go
,
make
these
Requests
to
such
men
as
your self
is
,
not
to
mee
,
for
in
respect
I
am
very
much
a
servant
to
his
Majestie
,
I
give
you
this
answer
and
no
other
.
But
to
obey
,
and
shew
the
reverence
I
bear
to
the
Roial
Crown
(
in
whose
name
you
require
mee
to
return
with
you
)
let
your
Notarie
publick
com
after
mee
,
and
I
will
give
him
an
answer
to
what
you
demand
of
mee
;
With
that
hee
turned
the
reins
of
his
Hors
and
rode
on
towards
Mula
.
The
Judg
went
back
to
Murcia
and
set
up
his
Hors
in
the
same
lodging
hee
was
at
before
.
By
this
time
the
Commonaltie
was
monstrousty
distempered
,
and
a
multitude
not
onely
of
the
Towns-people
,
but
also
of
the
neighboring
Farms
and
Cottages
,
ran
thither
with
clamorous
outcries
,
and
a
full
resolution
to
burn
him
,
and
all
that
were
in
the
hous
,
and
they
had
executed
their
purpose
but
for
Diego
de
Vera
,
who
happily
was
then
at
Murcia
with
his
souldiers
:
and
hearing
they
had
such
an
intention
,
hee
rode
presently
to
the
Judge's
lodging
,
which
hee
found
encompassed
with
a
number
of
people
,
crying
out
,
Let
him
die
,
let
him
die
.
Yet
at
the
instance
and
earnest
request
of
Captain
Diego
de
Vera
they
forbore
,
who
desired
them
not
to
commit
anie
such
violence
,
but
leave
it
to
him
,
and
hee
would
take
such
order
,
that
the
Judg
should
go
out
of
the
Citie
,
and
meddle
no
more
in
that
business
.
Hee
obteined
at
length
,
with
much
trouble
and
importunitie
,
a
promise
from
them
to
do
whatsoëver
hee
commanded
,
upon
condition
,
that
the
Processes
made
against
anie
of
the
Inhabitants
of
that
Citie
should
be
delivered
to
them
,
and
that
the
Judg
should
depart
the
Citie
within
one
hour
▪
Diego
de
Vera
having
promised
their
desires
should
bee
performed
,
went
into
the
Judge's
lodging
,
who
presently
delivered
him
the
said
Processes
,
which
hee
gave
to
the
people
,
making
them
promise
him
,
that
they
would
not
in
anie
kinde
molest
the
Judg
nor
anie
of
his
servants
,
but
would
let
him
go
quietly
and
safely
away
,
so
hee
departed
without
making
anie
longer
staie
in
those
parts
,
Diego
de
Vera
,
besides
the
repute
hee
had
of
beeing
a
gallant
Souldier
,
was
very
useful
at
that
time
.
Having
pacified
the
people
,
and
persuaded
them
to
return
to
their
own
homes
,
he
conducted
the
Judg
,
with
his
servants
,
Aldea
Mayor
,
three
leagues
thence
,
for
hee
durst
not
staie
in
Valladolid
,
knowing
they
did
not
greatly
love
him
for
som
things
past
,
and
there
was
but
a
kinde
of
counterfeited
●eace
in
that
Citie
,
hee
was
affraid
they
would
kill
him
.
SECT.
XIV
.
THe
Citie
of
Sevilla
,
or
Sevil
,
that
all
this
while
stood
(
as
it
were
)
looking
on
the
rest
,
had
likewise
its
disturber
,
who
indeavoured
to
plunge
it
as
deep
as
the
other
Cities
,
in
these
unhappie
Commotions
.
Don
Iohn
de
Figuero●
declar●th
for
the
Commonalti●
in
the
Citie
of
Sevill●
.
The
beginning
was
thus
.
Don
Iohn
de
Figueroa
(
brother
to
Don
Rodrigo
Ponze
de
Leon
,
Duke
of
Arcos
)
the
Duke
beeing
at
his
Town
of
Marchena
,
set
himself
to
rais
the
people
of
the
Citie
in
favor
of
the
Commonaltie
,
with
intent
to
bee
Captain
and
Governor
himself
.
To
which
effect
,
having
already
moulded
and
worked
them
to
his
mind
,
and
beeing
agreed
with
those
that
were
his
complotters
and
confederates
in
this
design
,
on
Sundaie
17
of
September
,
1520
,
after
dinner
time
,
hee
and
som
Gentlemen
(
kinsmen
and
followers
of
the
Duke
his
brother
)
went
to
the
Duke's
hous
in
Sevilla
,
where
they
assembled
and
gathered
together
above
seven
hundred
men
with
Arms
,
which
done
,
hee
and
the
rest
of
the
Gentlemen
beeing
on
hors-back
,
and
the
people
on
foot
,
they
took
four
pieces
of
Ordnance
out
of
the
Duke's
hous
with
them
,
and
so
marched
into
the
streets
,
crying
out
,
God
bless
the
King
and
Commonaltie
.
Thus
they
went
as
far
as
St
Francis
place
,
and
no
bodie
els
stirred
nor
offred
to
join
with
them
,
but
onely
looked
on
as
they
passed
.
By
the
waie
Don
Iohn
caused
the
staves
to
bee
taken
away
from
the
King's
Officers
of
Justice
,
and
gave
them
to
others
in
behalf
half
of
the
Commonaltie
.
In
this
time
the
Duke
of
Medina
Sidonia
,
Don
Alonzo
Perez
de
Guzman
,
beeing
very
young
,
was
yet
under
the
Guardianship
&
Tuterage
of
Donia
Leonor
de
Suniga
his
mother
.
Who
being
a
Ladie
of
an
high
Spirit
and
courage
,
and
seeing
so
dangerous
a
fire
kindled
in
Sevilla
,
assembled
all
their
domesticks
,
with
all
the
friends
and
welwishers
to
her
Son's
Partie
(
that
shee
could
so
suddenly
get
together
)
and
sent
them
under
the
Conduct
of
Don
Valencia
de
Venavides
a
valiant
Gentleman
(
who
had
married
the
Duke's
sister
)
against
Don
Iohn
de
Figueroa
.
But
beeing
approached
near
each
other
,
and
ready
to
fight
,
som
Gentlemen
of
note
,
mediating
betwixt
them
,
composed
their
quarrel
,
insomuch
that
the
Duke
of
Medina's
men
returned
home
again
,
and
Don
Iohn
advanced
to
the
gate
of
the
Fort
Roial
,
which
finding
shut
,
hee
battered
it
down
with
his
Ordnance
,
and
beeing
entred
with
all
his
men
,
hee
took
the
Commander
of
it
Don
Iorge
de
Portugal
Earl
of
Gelves
;
which
done
,
becaus
it
was
grown
late
,
hee
quarter'd
there
all
night
,
thinking
that
all
the
people
of
Sevilla
would
presently
flock
to
him
,
applauding
this
exploit
,
and
back
him
in
his
enterprise
,
but
they
were
so
far
from
countenancing
his
design
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
those
that
followed
him
that
daie
,
forsook
him
in
the
night
,
and
returned
to
their
own
houses
.
The
next
daie
,
very
early
in
the
morning
,
the
Officers
of
Justice
,
and
the
Veynte
y
Quatros
(
by
whom
that
Citie
is
governed
)
beeing
assembled
,
Don
Fernando
de
Zuniga
Earl
of
Venalcazar
and
divers
other
Gentlemen
fitted
themselvs
to
assist
the
people
in
this
enterprise
.
But
before
they
were
in
a
posture
to
put
this
design
in
execution
,
Don
Valencia
de
Venavides
,
by
order
and
command
express
from
the
Dutchesses
,
Donia
Leonor
de
Zuniga
,
and
Donia
Anna
de
Aragon
,
and
the
Duke
of
Medina
(
who
was
sick
in
bed
)
having
rallied
and
re-assembled
the
men
that
followed
him
the
daie
before
with
great
courage
and
resolution
marched
to
the
Fort
,
of
which
,
after
three
hours
hot
dispute
hee
became
Master
,
Don
Iohn
taken
prisoner
,
and
the
Citie
quieted
.
took
Don
Iohn
de
Figueroa
prisoner
,
(
who
was
wounded
in
two
places
)
and
re-delivered
the
Fort
to
Don
Iorge
de
Portugal
.
So
in
less
then
24
hours
this
cloud
was
quite
blown
over
,
which
threatned
so
furious
a
tempest
.
SECT.
XV.
THe
Citie
of
Segovia
sent
to
Salamanca
,
desiring
Hors
for
their
defens
against
Ronquillo
.
The
Common
people
and
so●
Gentlemen
gave
their
Votes
to
send
them
succor
,
but
the
greatest
part
of
the
Gentrie
opposed
it
,
saying
,
it
was
a
great
diss●rvice
to
the
King
,
and
contrarie
to
Justice
.
Manie
distastfull
words
passed
amongst
them
,
but
at
last
the
Commons
prevailed
,
Don
Pedro
Maldonado
,
Don
Pedro
Maldon●do
Captain
in
Salamanc●
▪
Nephew
to
the
Doctor
Talavera
,
who
drove
the
rest
of
the
Gentlemen
,
that
were
not
of
his
faction
,
out
of
the
Citie
,
and
made
the
Corregidor
go
away
also
,
leaving
the
administration
of
Justice
more
out
of
fear
then
otherwise
;
which
done
,
the
Citie
ordered
the
Justice
,
and
did
what
you
shall
see
hereafter
.
SECT.
XVI
.
THe
Cardinal
,
Governor
,
seeing
these
troubles
and
disorders
increas
daily
without
anie
hope
of
remedie
,
notwithstanding
all
the
endeavors
and
gentle
means
hee
,
and
those
of
the
Council
,
had
used
to
procure
it
:
The
President
and
the
rest
agreed
to
give
his
Majestie
an
exact
account
of
all
the
Commotions
and
particular
exigencies
of
the
Kingdom
of
Castillia
,
and
in
what
danger
they
themselvs
were
by
reason
of
the
people's
furie
,
desiring
his
Majestie
to
take
som
speedie
order
for
the
rectifying
of
so
great
disorders
.
SECT.
XVII
.
THe
Emperor
had
already
received
som
intelligence
of
these
troubles
in
Spain
,
by
means
of
Flemish
Merchants
,
and
other
particular
letters
;
But
when
those
from
the
Cardinal
and
Council
came
to
his
hands
at
Lovain
,
Hee
was
seized
with
unexpressible
sadness
.
The
necessitie
of
his
going
to
bee
crowned
in
Germanie
was
very
urgent
,
and
his
returning
into
Spain
seemed
yet
of
more
importance
.
The
Letter
's
sad
Contents
br●d
divers
discontents
,
and
no
less
different
opinions
(
as
the
custom
is
)
amongst
the
Courtiers
of
the
nearest
relation
about
the
Emperor
.
The
Flemings
condemned
the
Spaniards
for
raising
these
tumults
ond
commotions
in
their
King's
absence
:
The
Spaniards
retorted
the
blame
upon
the
Flemings
,
saying
,
That
their
ill
Government
had
been
the
occasion
of
the
ruine
and
loss
of
Spain
,
and
that
they
had
robbed
it
;
and
indeed
to
saie
the
truth
,
They
were
both
in
fault
;
for
the
Flemings
were
as
short
of
discretion
and
prudence
to
Govern
,
as
they
abounded
with
a
too
insatiable
Covetousness
.
And
the
Spaniards
,
although
they
had
som
reason
to
complain
,
could
not
bee
excused
for
rising
up
in
Arms.
Monsieur
de
Xeures
grew
much
discontented
and
ashamed
upon
the
report
of
this
breaking
out
of
Spain
,
partly
becaus
hee
knew
what
opinion
went
of
him
in
the
Court
,
but
chiefly
becaus
hee
thought
(
as
justly
hee
might
)
the
Emperor
would
derive
the
fault
upon
him
:
who
,
whil'st
hee
was
in
Spain
,
commanded
with
so
absolute
a
power
,
that
it
was
commonly
said
,
The
Emperor
Don
Carlos
is
King
by
right
,
and
Monsieur
de
Xeures
in
effect
.
The
Emperor
beeing
thus
disquieted
,
called
a
Council
,
and
desiring
to
have
their
advices
,
hee
propounded
,
That
they
would
consider
what
means
was
to
bee
vsed
,
that
Hee
might
go
into
Germanie
,
and
receiv
that
Crown
which
Hee
so
much
desired
,
and
provide
som
remedie
to
settle
the
disturbances
of
Spain
,
which
was
of
no
less
importance
to
him
,
for
his
Coronation
could
bee
no
longer
suspended
,
and
the
remedying
of
Spain
ought
not
to
bee
differred
.
Hee
had
of
his
Council
in
this
occurrence
,
Germanes
,
Flemings
,
Italians
,
Aragoneses
and
Castillans
;
and
their
opinions
were
as
different
as
their
Nations
.
For
the
Germanes
urged
,
that
it
was
repuisite
his
Majestie
should
continue
his
journie
into
Germanie
.
The
Italians
said
,
it
was
necessarie
that
hee
should
make●
a
progress
into
Italie
.
The
Flemings
were
very
importunate
for
him
to
staie
in
their
Countrie
.
The
Aragoneses
pleaded
,
that
Valencia
was
also
risen
up
in
Arms.
And
the
Castillans
used
all
means
possible
to
persuade
him
to
re●urn
into
Castill●
.
The
case
beeing
so
general
and
nearly
concerning
so
manie
Kingdoms
,
the
Emperor
did
wisely
to
take
the
advice
of
manie
.
But
at
last
the
resolution
of
the
business
was
given
by
few
▪
as
great
Princes
use
to
do
in
like
occurrences
.
The
result
of
this
Consultation
was
,
That
the
Emperor
should
continue
his
journie
into
Germanie
,
and
having
received
the
Imperial
Crown
,
there
to
remain
until
hee
had
fully
settled
the
affairs
of
that
Countrie
,
not
being
everie
daie
to
return
thither
.
It
was
likewise
resolved
,
That
his
Majestie
should
send
amiable
and
gracious
Letters
to
all
the
Cities
and
Towns
of
Castilla
,
requiring
som
of
them
to
return
unto
themselvs
and
his
service
,
and
expressing
his
thankfulness
to
others
for
their
good
intentions
towards
him
;
That
hee
should
desire
and
encharge
the
Nobles
and
Gentrie
to
favor
and
assist
those
of
his
Roial
Council
;
promising
to
all
upon
the
faith
of
his
Roial
word
,
that
with
all
possible
expedition
hee
would
return
into
Castilla
,
(
for
the
thought
of
the
Emperor
's
never
returning
into
Spain
,
bred
in
the
Common
people
the
boldness
to
commit
such
outrages
and
exorbitances
)
.
Moreover
it
was
determined
,
That
the
Emperor
should
write
unto
the
President
and
Council
,
condoling
their
troubles
and
persecution
,
commanding
them
withall
,
that
in
one
place
or
other
,
six
of
them
should
alwaies
bee
about
the
Cardinal
and
hold
Council
:
To
the
end
they
might
serv
as
a
Refuge
for
the
good
people
to
appeal
unto
,
and
bee
a
terror
to
the
evil
:
for
if
the
Council
omitted
the
doing
of
Justice
,
the
Roial
Autoritie
must
needs
fall
.
And
also
,
That
the
Emperor
should
appoint
two
other
Governors
to
bee
joined
in
Commission
with
the
Cardinal
,
and
those
to
bee
men
of
noble
extractions
,
well
experienced
,
and
advanced
in
years
,
of
generous
dispositions
,
powerful
in
estates
,
but
chiefly
Natives
of
that
Kingdom
.
This
advice
seemed
very
sound
and
pertinent
to
the
Emperor
,
whereupon
hee
gave
order
it
should
bee
put
in
execution
accordingly
,
and
those
whom
they
Voted
to
bee
joined
in
Commission
with
the
Cardinal
were
,
Don
Fadrique
Enriquez
Lord
High
Admiral
of
Castilla
,
and
Don
Inigo
de
Velasco
Lord
High
Constable
,
who
were
both
antient
Gentlemen
of
great
generositie
and
gallantrie
.
Which
Election
gave
no
small
satisfaction
to
the
Castillan
partie
,
for
they
had
shewen
themselvs
in
their
commands
not
onely
wise
but
valiant
,
and
were
alwaies
fortunate
in
their
undertakings
.
These
Noblemen
governed
with
such
valour
and
prudence
,
that
the
Emperor
in
his
Letters
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
give
's
him
thanks
for
his
services
,
acknowledging
that
by
his
means
hee
was
King
of
Castilla
.
And
indeed
the
Emperor
said
but
what
was
true
.
Besides
all
this
,
his
Majestie
sent
an
especial
Command
,
That
the
subsidie
which
was
granted
him
at
the
Groyn
,
should
not
bee
exacted
from
those
Cities
which
continued
in
their
obedience
to
him
,
nor
from
those
which
were
willing
to
submit
and
bee
reduced
,
for
it
was
his
will
and
pleasure
graciously
to
forgive
it
them
.
This
grace
hee
did
likewise
to
the
whole
Kingdom
,
That
the
Roial
Revenue
should
bee
allowed
for
the
Taxes
,
as
during
the
Reigns
of
other
Catholick
Kings
,
his
Ancestors
.
Hee
resolved
also
to
abrogate
the
sale
,
farming
and
enhauncement
of
all
Taxes
and
Impositions
,
(
which
indeed
were
very
great
)
:
and
besides
hee
sent
to
offer
and
certifie
,
That
no
Office
in
that
Kingdom
should
bee
conferred
upon
anie
whomsoëver
,
unless
hee
were
a
Native
;
which
if
hee
had
granted
when
hee
was
desired
,
these
Commotions
had
never
happened
.
Of
all
this
were
ingrossed
his
Majestie
's
Patents
and
Commissions
of
sufficient
power
.
Yet
notwithstanding
these
three
things
were
the
principal
grievances
and
most
important
reasons
that
Toledo
and
the
other
Cities
alleged
for
excuse
of
their
tumultuous
risings
:
The
granting
all
these
demands
was
not
available
enough
to
quiet
their
Commotions
and
reduce
them
to
obedience
;
SECT.
XVIII
.
ABout
this
time
Letters
were
brought
to
Toledo
from
all
the
Cities
,
concerning
their
Iunta
or
Assemblie
,
and
they
all
agreed
it
should
bee
as
Toledo
desired
.
Don
Pedro
Lasso
(
whom
Toledo
honored
so
much
,
since
his
return
from
the
Groyn
,
where
hee
shewed
such
obstinacie
in
his
resolution
,
that
they
received
him
with
great
Solemnitie
,
giving
him
the
stile
of
the
Deliverer
of
that
Countrie
)
.
Was
appointed
for
the
chief
Commissioner
of
that
Citie
;
with
him
they
sent
Don
Pedro
de
Ayala
,
and
two
Iurates
,
besides
other
Deputies
of
the
Common-People
.
Who
resolved
to
take
their
Iournie
the
same
daie
Iohn
de
Padilla
went
to
the
succor
of
Segovia
.
The
Citie
of
Avila
was
pitched
upon
for
this
Assemblie
,
Avilae
.
Iuli●
29.
1610.
Where
they
s●ayed
not
●●ng
before
they
went
to
T●●d●sillas
.
more
particularly
becaus
it
was
situate
in
the
middle
of
old
Castilla
,
and
the
Kingdom
of
Toledo
.
The
Cities
which
made
this
Assemblie
were
,
Toledo
,
Madrid
,
Guadalaxara
,
Soria
,
Murci●
,
Cuenca
,
Segovia
,
Avila
,
Salamanca
,
Toro
,
Zamora
,
Leon
,
Valladolid
,
Burgos
,
Cuidad
Rodrigo
.
The
Commissioners
of
all
these
Places
beeing
assembled
,
they
chose
their
Secretaries
and
other
Officers
correspondent
.
The
Assemblie
was
held
in
the
Chapter
of
the
Cathedral
Church
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso
Commissione●
from
Toledo
,
and
the
Dean
of
Avila
(
who
was
a
native
of
Segovia
)
were
chosen
Presidents
.
Upon
a
table
in
the
Chapter
laie
a
Cross
and
the
Evangelists
,
whereon
they
made
oath
,
everie
one
to
live
and
die
in
the
King's
Service
,
and
in
favor
of
the
Commonaltie
.
And
those
that
refused
to
do
this
in
Avila
,
were
not
onely
ill
treated
in
words
,
but
had
their
houses
pulled
down
.
But
this
fortune
onely
befell
one
Gentleman
,
named
,
Don
Antonio
Ponze
Knight
of
the
order
of
Sant
jago
,
and
son
to
the
Prince
,
Don
Iohn
,
his
nurs
.
The
rest
fearing
the
Peoples
furie
,
condescended
and
collogued
with
them
,
to
save
their
lives
,
which
were
in
no
small
danger
.
In
the
middle
of
the
Commissioners
of
this
Assemblie
,
was
placed
a
little
form
,
whereon
did
sit
a
certain
Cloath-worker
,
named
Pinilles
,
with
a
wand
in
his
hand
,
Alcalde
Ronquillo
charging
him
not
to
set
foot
in
the
land
of
Segovia
,
and
condemning
him
to
great
penalties
if
hee
did
the
contrarie
.
SECT.
XIX
.
HAving
alreadie
related
the
manner
of
the
Commotions
of
the
Cities
and
principall
Towns
of
the
Kingdom
,
with
their
general
Assemblie
at
Avila
,
Don
Antonio
de
Acunna
,
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
who
is
famous
to
this
very
daie
,
for
the
strangeness
of
his
disposition
,
and
manner
of
the
death
hee
suffred
,
which
was
not
suitable
to
the
dignitie
of
a
Prelate
,
(
but
very
answerable
to
his
Actions
,
since
it
was
done
with
very
great
justification
of
the
Emperor
,
and
by
the
Autoritie
of
Pope
Clement
the
7th
,
as
appear's
upon
Record
in
the
Arches
of
Simancas
,
which
I
have
seen
)
you
shall
briefly
hear
who
this
Bishop
was
,
and
what
his
conditions
.
During
the
time
of
Don
Iohn
the
second
his
raign
in
Castilla
,
lived
in
that
Kingdom
Don
Luis
Osorio
de
Acunia
,
a
Gentleman
of
eminent
note
and
account
,
father
to
Don
Diego
Osorio
and
this
Don
Antonio
de
Acunia
,
to
whom
his
father
dying
left
the
Arch-Deakonship
of
Valpuesta
,
besides
other
meanes
,
In
these
times
hee
beeing
in
service
to
their
Catholick
Majestie
's
was
sent
by
them
Embassador
into
France
,
after
which
the
Bishoprick
of
Zamora
was
conferred
upon
him
.
The
King
was
not
very
well
pleased
with
him
,
becaus
hee
was
of
a
turbulent
Spirit
,
a
lover
of
broils
,
impatient
,
adventurously
bold
,
and
one
that
did
take
more
upon
him
,
then
his
profession
and
degree
required
.
Hee
was
naturally
inclined
to
Arms
,
his
ambition
was
to
make
himself
Lord
and
Master
of
Zamora
,
where
the
Earl
of
Alva
de
Lista
then
lived
,
son
in
law
to
the
Duke
of
Alva
,
a
stout
gallant
Gentleman
and
a
great
lover
of
honor
.
The
Bishop
and
the
Earl
meeting
about
certain
affairs
betwixt
them
they
grew
to
such
odds
,
that
very
good
Mediators
were
not
able
to
pacifie
them
.
Zamora
beeing
in
Rebellion
,
and
paying
no
obedience
but
to
the
Junta
or
Assemblie
,
the
Bishop
on
one
side
and
the
Earl
on
the
other
,
used
all
means
possible
to
draw
the
people
to
th●ir
factions
.
The
Earl
was
better
beloved
,
and
bore
the
greater
sway
in
the
Citie
,
so
that
the
Bishop
was
forced
to
leav
it
:
It
made
him
half
madd
to
lose
his
hous
,
and
so
desperate
seeing
his
Enemie
prevail
so
far
against
him
,
That
hee
presently
went
to
Tordesillas
(
where
the
Commissioners
of
the
Iunta
were
then
assembled
)
with
whom
hee
joyned
in
confederacie
,
desiring
them
to
assist
him
and
furnish
him
with
forces
to
beat
the
Earl
of
Alva
out
of
Zamora
.
They
all
received
him
with
great
respect
and
contentment
,
thinking
it
an
honor
to
their
caus
,
to
have
so
eminent
a
Prelate
amongst
them
,
they
gave
him
men
and
Artillerie
,
wherewith
hee
marched
back
towards
Zamora
.
The
●arl
beeing
informed
of
the
manner
of
his
enemie's
advance
,
thought
not
fit
to
stay
for
him
,
but
quitting
the
Fort
,
went
and
associated
himself
with
the
Cavaliers
of
the
Loyal
Partie
,
as
you
shall
hear
.
Thence
forwards
the
Bishop
stuck
close
to
the
Iunta
,
and
the
Farl
as
eagerly
followed
the
King's
counsel
,
each
of
them
so
much
favoring
their
Partie
,
that
there
were
not
anie
two
more
remarkable
then
they
.
The
Bishop
was
threescore
years
of
age
,
but
as
vigorous
and
lively
as
if
hee
had
been
but
five
and
and
twentie
.
I
was
acquainted
with
one
that
knew
him
and
received
orders
from
him
,
who
told
me
that
hee
was
excellent
at
handling
his
arms
.
That
hee
had
more
then
foure
hundred
Priests
under
his
command
all
well
armed
and
valiant
men
,
and
that
hee
still
charged
at
the
head
of
them
himself
,
Saying
,
Here
my
Priests
.
The
rest
hereafter
.
SECT.
XX.
I
Have
told
you
in
what
manner
Segovia
was
fortified
,
the
resolution
of
the
Inhabitants
,
the
relief
which
they
received
from
manie
places
,
notwithstanding
Ronquillo's
endeavors
to
hinder
it
;
how
Toledo
incouraged
them
with
promises
both
of
men
and
monie
,
Madrid
,
Guadalaxara
,
and
Salamanca
did
the
like
,
making
their
case
their
own
.
Medina
del
Campo
secured
them
their
trading
,
offering
to
bear
what
loss
soëver
they
should
sustein
either
of
persons
or
goods
.
At
last
the
Citie
of
Avila
seeing
what
Ronquillo
did
against
Segovia
;
and
the
adjacent
Towns
,
that
hee
entred
into
the
Villages
belonging
to
Avila
,
taking
,
killing
and
executing
Justice
in
a
severe
manner
,
and
that
by
order
of
the
Cardinal
and
the
Council
,
hee
had
taken
from
Segovia
all
the
Places
and
Towns
under
its
jurisdiction
,
commanding
them
not
to
obey
or
bee
anie
waie
subject
to
that
Citie
,
neither
to
furnish
them
with
provisions
anie
more
then
if
they
were
their
enemies
,
under
pain
of
death
and
confiscation
of
goods
,
giving
them
power
and
Autoritie
to
keep
Justice
amongst
themselvs
,
as
beeing
a
distinct
jurisdiction
,
and
other
priviledges
to
the
distruction
of
that
Citie
:
They
assembled
in
Council
,
and
agreed
to
send
a
Petition
in
the
name
and
with
the
subscriptions
of
the
Officers
of
Justice
,
the
Regidores
,
Gentrie
,
Religious
Persons
,
and
of
all
the
Commonaltie
,
humbly
beseeching
the
Cardinal
that
hee
would
bee
pleased
to
set
a
remedie
to
those
disorders
,
and
not
proceed
with
so
much
rigor
against
Segovia
,
for
that
Citie
would
bee
reduced
sooner
by
fair
means
then
by
such
severitie
.
That
hee
would
command
Ronquillo
to
rais
his
Siege
,
and
that
hee
should
not
molest
,
nor
use
such
crueltie
against
Segovia
.
The
Cardinal
and
those
of
the
Council
did
not
weigh
much
this
Petition
of
Avila
,
which
so
incensed
that
Citie
,
that
thereupon
they
sent
them
word
peremptorily
,
that
since
they
would
not
rectifie
those
disorders
,
they
were
resolved
to
seek
their
own
remedie
.
Mean
time
Ronquillo
was
at
Santa
Maria
de
Nieva
making
what
preparations
hee
could
against
Segovia
,
making
incursions
into
their
territories
,
and
laying
Ambuscado's
for
those
that
came
out
of
the
Citie
.
It
happened
that
two
young
men
coming
out
of
Segovia
,
fell
into
the
hands
of
Ronquillo's
Guards
,
who
asking
them
whence
they
were
,
and
whither
they
went
?
They
answered
,
That
they
were
of
Salamanca
,
that
they
came
from
Segovia
,
and
were
returning
to
their
own
homes
.
At
first
the
Guards
were
in
the
minde
to
let
them
go
,
becaus
they
seemed
to
bee
but
poor
fellows
,
yet
afterwards
they
laid
hands
on
them
and
brought
them
before
Ronquillo
;
who
asking
them
who
they
were
,
whither
they
went
,
and
whence
they
came
?
They
said
,
they
were
Carders
,
who
seeing
Segovia
streightned
,
and
trading
dead
,
they
were
upon
their
return
to
their
own
houses
.
Hee
examined
them
severally
concerning
the
manner
of
Tordesillas
his
death
,
and
they
agreed
not
in
their
relation
.
Ronquillo
thereupon
began
to
press
them
further
,
demanding
more
and
more
&
more
questions
,
till
at
last
one
of
them
confessed
he
fetched
the
rope
wherewith
they
dragged
Tordesillas
along
the
streets
,
and
the
other
that
hee
plucked
him
by
the
hair
.
Upon
this
confession
hee
condemned
them
both
to
death
,
one
to
bee
drawn
and
quartered
,
the
other
,
who
said
,
hee
pluck't
him
by
the
hair
,
had
first
his
hand
cut
off
,
and
then
was
hanged
.
It
seemed
a
dir●ct
Judgment
of
heaven
to
put
those
men
into
the
hands
of
the
Justice
,
and
that
they
should
confess
without
torture
.
SECT.
XXI
.
AFter
this
Ronquillo
met
with
one
Francisco
Peralta
,
a
sufficient
man
,
and
well
beloved
in
Segovia
,
but
not
thinking
fit
to
execute
Justice
upon
him
presently
,
sent
him
prisoner
upon
on
an
Ass
,
to
a
Castle
belonging
to
the
Bishop
of
Palencia
.
But
meeting
by
the
waie
a
man
,
that
was
very
z●alous
for
the
caus
of
the
Commonaltie
,
and
satisfying
his
curiositie
by
telling
him
the
occasion
of
his
imprisonment
,
through
his
means
hee
was
rescued
by
the
Common
People
of
Duenias
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
you
have
heard
,
marched
out
of
Toledo
at
the
head
of
two
thousand
men
well
armed
,
and
having
passed
the
Port
de
la
Tablada
,
hee
came
within
sight
of
Segovia
,
where
in
a
Plain
,
not
far
distant
,
hee
pitch't
his
camp
:
the
next
daie
hee
sent
a
Trumpetter
to
Ronquillo
with
a
peremptorie
message
to
bid
him
get
him
gon
,
if
not
,
that
hee
would
forth
with
put
in
execution
what
the
Citie
of
Toledo
had
Commanded
him
.
Hereupon
Ronquillo
retreated
to
Antonio
de
Fonseca
at
Arevalo
,
and
so
they
fled
both
together
▪
not
beeing
able
to
withstand
Iohn
de
Padilla's
Forces
.
SECT.
XXII
.
THe
Cardinal
,
President
,
and
those
of
the
Council
labored
,
all
they
could
,
to
persuade
the
Queen
Mother
to
signe
certain
orders
(
which
they
would
send
throughout
the
Kingdom
)
against
the
disturbers
of
it
;
becaus
the
greatest
Autoritie
,
which
those
of
the
Junta
pretended
to
have
,
was
to
saie
,
that
whatsoever
they
did
,
was
for
the
Queen's
service
(
whose
that
Kingdom
was
)
and
other
things
to
that
purpose
.
The
President
therefore
and
some
of
the
Council
,
went
to
Tordesillas
,
and
spake
publickly
with
the
Queen
,
who
was
very
merrie
with
them
,
but
complained
,
saying
,
that
for
fifteen
years
past
shee
could
never
know
the
truth
of
anie
thing
,
then
turning
towards
the
Marquis
of
Denia
,
shee
said
,
this
Marquis
told
mee
the
first
lye
.
At
which
words
hee
fell
upon
his
knees
,
and
with
tears
in
his
eyes
,
hee
said
,
it
is
true
Madam
,
I
did
tell
you
a
lye
,
but
it
was
to
moderate
the
violence
of
your
passions
,
and
now
I
give
you
to
understand
that
the
King
,
your
father
,
is
dead
,
and
I
did
bury
him
.
Shee
answered
,
Bishop
,
believ
mee
,
All
that
I
see
or
hear
,
mee
thinks
is
but
a
dreame
.
The
President
answered
,
Madam
!
in
your
hands
,
under
God
,
lyeth
the
remedie
of
this
Kingdom
,
and
your
Highness
will
do
a
greater
miracle
in
Signing
what
wee
demand
,
then
ever
did
San
Francisco
.
Shee
bid
them
go
to
bed
,
and
come
againe
next
daie
.
The
daie
following
,
beeing
Sunday
,
they
returned
in
the
morning
,
much
time
was
spent
in
controversie
,
whether
they
should
kneel
or
sit
before
her
,
but
the
President
telling
her
,
that
those
of
the
Council
ought
not
to
bee
treated
in
that
manner
,
shee
commanded
they
should
sit
,
but
chairs
beeing
brought
in
,
shee
cryed
out
,
no
chaires
,
but
bring
a
form
,
that
was
the
custom
in
my
mother's
daies
,
onely
give
the
Bishop
a
chair
.
Six
hours
they
were
with
her
in
private
,
and
the
result
of
all
was
,
that
they
should
return
to
Valladolid
,
and
consult
with
the
rest
of
the
Council
,
what
orders
they
should
issue
out
,
which
done
,
shee
would
sign
them
.
They
came
to
Valladolid
,
and
in
the
interim
Iohn
de
Padilla
arrived
at
Tordesillas
(
as
you
shall
finde
hereafter
)
those
of
the
Council
were
presently
afraid
to
bee
taken
,
and
some
report
,
that
hee
sent
a
Captain
in
persuite
of
those
that
came
from
Tordesillas
.
SECT
▪
XXIII
.
THe
same
daie
that
Valladolid
rose
up
publickly
in
Arms
(
which
was
Wednesday
the
29th
of
August
)
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
having
beaten
Ronquillo
from
Segovia
,
Iohn
Bravo
,
and
Iohn
Zapata
,
with
the
men
which
they
brought
from
Toledo
,
Segovia
,
and
Madrid
,
arrived
at
Medina
del
Campo
.
Which
the
Towns-men
taking
as
a
great
favour
,
went
out
to
receiv
them
with
their
flags
and
mourning
colours
,
besides
manie
teares
,
which
moved
these
Captains
to
great
compassion
,
especially
when
they
saw
the
Town
reduced
to
ashes
;
they
comforted
the
People
the
best
they
could
,
and
Iohn
de
Padilla
took
thereupon
occasion
to
tell
them
,
Gentlemen
,
If
you
had
reflected
well
upon
the
Letter
,
which
I
sent
you
giving
you
notice
that
Fo●seca
was
raising
forces
,
with
intent
to
fetch
the
Artillerie
thence
,
peradventure
you
had
not
been
suff●rers
in
so
high
a
nature
.
Those
of
Medina
wondred
that
they
never
had
heard
of
anie
such
Letter
,
and
after
divers
circumstances
,
it
was
found
out
that
the
Regidor
Gil
Nieto
had
received
and
concealed
it
from
the
people
:
whereupon
they
grew
to
an
excessive
passion
,
and
whilest
this
was
yet
in
agitation
,
Gil
Nieto
unfortunatly
came
amongst
them
.
Some
of
whom
discoursing
of
the
Town-affairs
,
said
to
him
.
If
there
were
no
Traytors
in
Medina
,
the
miseries
wee
suffer
never
had
befallen
us
.
Who
are
those
Traytors
?
replyed
Gil
Nieto
.
At
which
words
started
up
Bobadilla
,
the
Cloth
worker
,
and
with
a
great
Oath
answered
,
you
are
one
of
the
Traytors
,
then
drawing
his
sword
hee
violently
flew
upon
him
,
and
with
one
blow
separated
his
head
from
his
shoulders
,
which
done
,
and
having
found
in
his
bosome
Iohn
de
Padilla's
Letter
,
they
flung
him
out
at
the
windows
of
the
Regimiento
,
Casa
del
Regimiento
,
is
●he
hous
where
the
inhib●tants
●n
everi●
Citie
d●●ssemble
about
things
concerning
their
Poli●ical
Government
▪
upon
the
Souldiers
pikes
which
stood
below
.
Hee
was
afterwards
taken
up
and
interred
by
his
friends
and
kindrid
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
remained
five
daies
in
Medina
,
and
the
Town
having
given
him
two
great
peeces
of
Ordnance
,
hee
departed
thence
with
his
men
for
Tordesillas
.
Hee
pretended
that
hee
went
thither
to
kiss
the
Queen's
hands
,
and
give
her
an
account
of
what
passed
in
Castilla
.
Others
said
,
that
hee
went
audaciously
to
seiz
on
her
,
and
take
her
into
his
power
.
Beeing
arrived
,
hee
drew
up
his
Armie
in
Batalia
,
charged
his
Ordnance
,
and
remained
in
that
Order
,
until
hee
had
given
notice
of
his
coming
to
her
Highness
and
the
Town
.
The
Queen
presently
gave
order
they
should
go
forth
to
receiv
him
,
which
the
Town
did
in
the
best
manner
and
with
the
greatest
companie
they
could
,
and
as
they
were
even
ready
to
meet
,
hee
commanded
his
two
Guns
to
bee
shot
off
with
great
showting
and
nois
of
Trumpets
.
The
Salve
being
past
,
they
took
Iohn
de
Padilla
in
the
midst
of
them
,
and
so
entred
the
Town
with
the
greatest
applaus
that
might
bee
imagined
,
after
hee
had
rested
himself
a
while
,
hee
went
to
the
Pallace
,
where
the
Queen
received
him
very
graciously
,
gave
him
Audience
,
and
asked
him
who
hee
was
.
To
which
hee
answered
,
Iuan
de
Padilla
,
son
to
Pedro
Lopez
de
Padilla
,
who
had
been
Captain
General
in
Castilla
,
and
served
the
renowned
Queen
Donia
Isabella
her
mother
,
and
that
also
hee
came
to
tender
his
service
to
her
Majestie
,
with
the
people
of
Toledo
;
That
hee
did
give
her
to
understand
,
that
since
the
deceas
of
the
Catholick
King
,
her
father
,
there
had
been
,
and
were
in
that
Kingdom
great
disorders
,
mischiefs
and
dissentions
for
want
of
a
Governor
.
Although
the
Mightie
and
Illustrious
Don
Carlos
,
her
son
,
had
governed
Spain
,
yet
by
reason
of
his
sudden
departure
,
the
Kingdom
was
risen
in
such
Commotions
and
Disordrous
manner
,
that
all
Spain
was
ready
to
bee
destroied
,
and
that
now
hee
was
com
with
a
certain
Armie
of
Toledians
to
serv
her
Highness
,
whom
hee
desired
to
see
,
and
know
what
Commands
shee
had
to
laie
upon
him
,
for
hee
was
ready
to
spend
his
life
in
her
service
.
The
Queen
was
much
astonished
to
hear
such
things
,
and
said
,
shee
never
knew
any
thing
of
it
before
:
For
shee
had
been
sixteen
years
shut
up
within
a
chamber
,
under
the
Guard
of
the
Marquess
of
Denia
,
and
wondred
to
hear
anie
such
stories
,
but
if
shee
had
known
of
her
Father's
death
,
shee
would
have
gon
abroad
and
set
som
remedie
to
those
mischiefs
.
So
forgetful
and
void
of
Judgment
was
the
Queen
.
Then
shee
said
to
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
Go
you
now
,
I
command
you
,
take
the
charge
,
and
execute
the
office
of
Captain
General
in
the
Kingdom
,
and
give
you
order
for
all
things
as
need
shall
require
,
until
I
provide
otherwise
.
This
said
,
shee
retired
into
her
chamber
;
and
Iohn
de
Padilla
returned
to
his
Quarters
,
well
attended
and
very
jocund
for
the
favour
the
Queen
had
done
him
,
in
giving
him
that
Commission
.
Manie
times
after
this
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
had
conference
with
the
Queen
,
and
she
seemed
to
give
Audience
to
him
and
others
of
the
Iunta
,
very
willingly
.
They
told
her
once
,
that
the
King
her
son
,
had
done
great
damage
to
the
Kingdom
,
whereunto
shee
answered
,
That
her
son
was
not
greatly
in
fault
,
for
hee
was
but
a
youth
,
but
the
Kingdom
rather
ought
to
bee
condemned
for
suffering
it
.
Then
shee
commanded
,
that
the
Assemblie
of
the
Kingdom
should
bee
kept
there
,
that
shee
would
autorize
it
.
Hereupon
an
Order
was
forthwith
issued
out
,
That
Proclamation
should
bee
made
in
Medina
and
other
places
,
for
all
the
Commissioners
that
had
assisted
in
Parlament
at
the
Groyn
to
make
their
appearance
and
render
an
account
at
Tor●esillas
under
pain
of
death
.
SECT.
XXIV
.
THe
Iunta
was
yet
held
at
Avila
,
whither
was
sent
an
Order
from
the
Queen
,
commanding
them
to
remove
to
Tordesillas
,
which
they
presently
obeied
,
for
it
was
their
only
waie
so
to
do
;
The
Queen
understanding
nothing
what
belonged
to
businesses
.
The
Antagonists
of
the
Junta
gave
out
,
That
those
Dispatches
which
were
produced
and
publshed
in
the
Queen's
name
were
fals
,
and
the
testimonies
likewise
made
by
counterfeiting
hands
.
The
Junta
took
a
resolution
to
turn
the
Marquess
of
Denia
out
of
the
Queen's
service
,
for
the
ill
opinion
hee
(
beeing
a
loial
subject
)
conceived
of
the
Commoners
,
alleging
,
that
shee
was
not
well
pleased
with
him
.
And
becaus
they
would
bee
informed
how
the
Marquess
did
serv
the
Queen
,
they
sent
to
Maestro
Fray
Pablo
a
Dominican
Frier
,
a
grand
Commoner
,
Commissioner
of
Leon
,
and
to
the
Commendador
Almaraz
,
Commissioner
of
Salamanca
,
and
El
Bachiller
de
Guadalaxara
:
Donia
Catalina
de
Figueroa
,
wife
to
Quintanilla
,
and
som
other
women
of
the
Town
.
And
the
Marquess
,
with
his
Ladie
,
was
enforced
to
repair
to
a
small
Village
,
and
suffer
with
patience
this
tribulation
for
their
Prince's
service
.
Salamanca
,
Avila
,
Madrid
,
besides
other
places
,
sent
manie
Companies
of
Foot
and
Hors
,
paid
at
the
charge
of
the
said
Cities
,
with
their
respective
Captains
,
who
had
Orders
to
bee
at
the
King
and
Queen
,
his
Mother's
service
,
and
in
favor
of
the
Junta
.
There
was
already
so
great
a
confluence
of
Gentlemen
and
Captai●s
,
that
Tordesillas
was
not
able
to
contein
them
,
although
the
Common
Souldiers
were
quartered
in
the
adjacent
Villages
.
The
Citie
of
Vallad●lid
sent
a
thousand
chois
men
well
Armed
,
under
the
Command
of
Don
Diego
de
Quiniones
,
a
valiant
and
well-born
Gentleman
.
The
Commissioners
,
Gentlemen
,
Captains
with
many
grave
and
learned
Friers
,
beeing
assembled
in
the
Junta
,
there
was
a
motion
made
,
that
they
should
send
to
Valladolid
,
to
seiz
upon
the
President
and
the
rest
of
the
King's
Council
,
and
to
have
them
brought
to
Tordesillas
,
or
at
least
,
to
take
such
order
,
that
the
Citie
of
Valladolid
should
not
back
them
or
conceal
them
,
but
should
give
waie
that
the
Junta
might
apprehend
and
bring
them
away
.
To
this
(
the
report
is
)
there
wanted
no
Votes
,
neither
were
the
Friers
backwards
in
giving
theirs
,
alleging
,
that
the
securing
of
those
men
was
very
necessary
for
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
.
To
this
effect
was
dispatched
a
Dominican
Frier
(
who
was
a
man
of
honor
and
great
leaning
)
with
Letters
of
Credence
to
the
Commonaltie
of
Valladolid
,
and
to
the
Infante
of
Granada
,
their
chief
Captain
The
Frier
having
delived
his
Letter
and
Message
to
the
Infant●
,
hee
thus
answered
,
Father
,
as
far
as
it
concern's
mee
(
as
beeing
Captain
of
Valladolid
)
I
do
obeie
the
Orders
here
sent
from
the
Junta
,
but
it
is
convenient
the
whole
Commonaltie
should
bee
assembled
,
that
you
may
deliver
your
Message
to
them
all
together
,
and
receiv
their
answer
.
Hereupon
the
Deputies
of
the
Wards
,
Jurates
,
Common
Council-men
and
other
Officers
,
were
all
ordered
to
warn
the
Inhabitants
of
their
respe●tive
quarters
and
parishes
,
to
make
their
appearance
the
next
morning
by
nine
of
the
clock
at
the
Church
of
Santa
Maria
la
Mayor
,
which
was
done
accordingly
.
The
Infante
of
Granada
,
Don
Pedro
Giron
and
other
Gentlemen
,
beeing
there
assembled
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Commonaltie
,
at
the
hour
and
place
appointed
,
the
Frier
went
up
into
the
Pulpit
,
and
with
smooth
fair
language
,
hee
told
them
the
substance
of
his
Message
,
saying
,
That
he
came
thither
from
the
Lords
of
the
Junta
at
Tordesillas
(
who
were
the
greater
part
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
were
there
assembled
for
the
remedying
of
the
distractions
and
mischiefs
which
abounded
in
that
Kingdom
,
as
appeared
by
the
Power
&
Letters
of
Credence
)
which
hee
had
already
shewed
to
that
very
noble
Commonaltie
of
Valladolid
,
and
the
Infante
their
Captain
.
Yet
becaus
it
was
thought
fit
that
a
business
of
such
weight
(
as
that
wherewith
hee
was
intrusted
to
impart
to
them
)
should
rather
bee
manifested
to
them
all
in
that
place
,
then
communicated
to
any
members
in
particular
,
and
in
regard
they
were
then
all
assembled
,
hee
again
notified
those
Letters
unto
them
,
giving
them
to
understand
that
the
Lords
of
the
Junta
,
moved
with
a
very
holie
zeal
,
and
desire
of
procuring
the
Kindom's
good
and
his
Majestie
's
service
,
had
found
it
convenient
(
to
the
end
the
Intent
of
the
Junta
might
the
better
take
effect
)
that
there
should
bee
no
Council
Roial
at
all
,
but
that
the
President
and
the
rest
should
bee
sent
prisoners
to
Tordesillas
,
and
to
shew
that
their
Intentions
were
holie
,
and
tending
onely
to
the
service
of
God
,
and
the
King
,
in
the
name
of
the
Lords
Commissioners
of
the
Junta
,
hee
did
assure
the
lives
of
the
Council
,
but
not
their
goods
and
estates
.
For
they
must
know
,
that
whosoëver
of
that
Council
had
offended
,
his
estate
was
liable
to
confiscation
,
according
to
the
qualitie
of
his
delict
,
and
that
the
monie
which
should
accrue
,
should
repair
in
part
the
dammages
which
they
had
occasioned
.
Hereupon
the
Frier
extended
himself
into
manie
Rhetorical
expressions
,
to
cog
the
peopl●
into
a
Consent
,
urging
,
that
if
they
did
otherwise
,
it
might
bee
the
occasion
of
bringing
the
whole
Kingdom
to
destruction
:
for
if
there
was
both
a
Junta
and
Council
,
the
Junta
governing
contrarie
to
the
sens
of
the
Council
,
SECT.
XXV
.
IN
this
coniuncture
arrived
an
express
from
Flanders
,
Don
Inigo
de
Velasco
Lord
high
Constable
of
Castilla
and
Leon
,
and
Don
Fadrique
Enriquez
Lord
Admiral
of
Castilla
,
auto●ising
and
Commanding
them
,
joyntly
with
the
Cardinal
Adriano
,
to
undertake
the
charge
and
care
of
governing
and
managing
the
affaires
of
that
Kingdom
untill
his
returne
.
In
his
Letters
,
the
Emperor
declared
his
exceeding
sorrow
and
discontent
for
the
troubles
and
insurrections
in
that
Kingdom
,
notwithstanding
the
great
affection
hee
alwaies
expressed
towards
them
.
That
his
good
will
was
so
ill
requited
,
and
his
favors
no
better
accepted
.
That
they
had
failed
in
that
fidelitie
wherewith
(
like
good
and
Loyall
Subjects
)
they
had
alwaies
served
the
Kings
,
his
Predecessors
.
Yet
hee
could
not
bee
persuaded
but
some
particular
persons
,
for
their
private
●nterests
,
had
been
the
occasion
of
all
those
disorders
.
And
That
in
regard
one
of
the
principal
things
,
at
which
the
Kingdom
was
aggreived
,
had
been
his
conferring
of
the
government
upon
a
stranger
(
although
the
prudence
and
uprightness
of
the
most
reverend
Cardinal
of
Tortosa
could
not
in
all
reason
but
give
them
satisfaction
)
to
stop
the
current
of
those
disorders
,
which
increased
daily
in
that
Kingdom
,
and
to
provide
for
the
good
government
thereof
,
and
the
Peace
of
his
Subjects
;
with
great
deliberation
and
advice
(
during
his
absence
,
which
should
not
bee
long
)
hee
had
ordered
and
appointed
to
rule
joyntly
with
the
Cardinal
,
as
Vice-Kings
and
Governors
of
that
Kingdom
,
the
Lord
Admiral
and
Lord
high
Constable
of
Castilla
,
beeing
both
persons
indued
with
wisdom
,
and
other
parts
requisite
for
so
high
a
charge
,
and
that
they
should
take
upon
them
all
the
care
,
trouble
,
&c.
And
that
he
had
given
them
particular
charge
if
the
Kingdom
was
anie
waie
aggriev'd
,
to
send
for
the
Commissioners
or
Burgesses
of
the
Cities
,
that
they
might
demand
redress
before
the
Governors
;
And
withall
hee
Commanded
the
Cities
to
bee
obedient
unto
them
.
The
Emperor
wrote
also
to
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
endeering
him
by
the
acknowledgment
of
his
former
services
,
to
undertake
and
execute
with
like
fidelitie
,
resolution
and
cheerfulness
,
the
joynt
charge
,
with
the
Cardinal
and
the
Lord
Admirall
,
of
pacifying
the
present
tumults
and
insurrections
,
reducing
his
Subjects
to
their
former
obedience
,
and
the
governing
and
managing
the
affairs
of
that
Kingdom
until
his
return
.
Dated
in
Bruxels
the
9th
of
September
1520.
SECT.
XXVI
.
IF
these
Noble-men
had
been
made
governors
before
the
Emperor's
departure
out
of
Spain
,
questionless
the
Commotions
had
never
come
to
that
height
.
But
they
were
now
too
far
gon
beyond
their
recoverie
,
for
although
some
were
very
well
pleased
with
this
Election
,
others
were
not
.
The
Lord
high
Constable
(
as
wee
shall
see
)
was
not
very
well
beloved
in
Burgos
.
The
Cardinal
with
the
President
and
Council
were
not
onely
not
beloved
,
but
extreamely
hated
and
abhorred
in
manie
Cities
.
Onely
in
Valladolid
the
Cardinal
was
much
respected
and
honored
,
neither
would
they
consent
to
his
departure
out
of
the
Citie
,
although
hee
often
desired
it
,
but
they
offered
themselvs
all
to
bee
at
his
service
,
esteeming
him
(
as
it
were
)
a
Saint
;
and
they
kept
guards
at
the
Gates
of
the
Citie
,
lest
the
Cardinal
,
or
anie
of
the
Council
,
or
Judges
should
goe
away
.
Yet
for
all
their
guards
El
Licenciado
Zapata
made
his
escape
in
a
Benedictan
Munk's
habit
,
SECT.
XXVII
.
FEw
daies
after
the
Dominican
Frier
was
returned
to
the
Junta
,
and
had
given
an
account
of
his
indeavors
at
Valladolid
,
concerning
the
suspending
of
the
Council
Roial
,
and
the
apprehending
of
the
Counsellors
.
They
sent
another
Frier
,
Alonso
de
Medina
,
Professor
of
Divinitie
,
of
the
Order
of
St
Francis
,
with
second
Orders
from
the
Junta
to
Valladolid
.
Where
beeing
arrived
,
hee
caused
the
Commonaltie
and
Officers
of
the
Citie
to
assemble
at
the
Monastrie
of
St
Francis
,
which
beeing
done
accordingly
,
the
Frier
went
up
into
the
Pulpit
,
and
shewed
the
Letters
of
Credence
which
hee
brought
from
the
Iunta
,
in
whose
name
hee
told
them
,
they
were
againe
required
to
send
those
of
the
Council-Royall
Prisoners
to
Tordesillas
,
and
that
those
of
the
Council
of
Warre
,
who
were
fled
and
absented
themselvs
,
should
thenceforwards
bee
payed
no
Salarie
,
nor
enjoy
any
of
their
Revenues
;
But
that
they
should
all
bee
punished
according
to
their
severall
deserts
;
And
that
her
Highness
,
the
Queen's
pleasure
and
absolute
Command
was
,
it
should
bee
●o
,
in
regard
it
was
found
expedient
for
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
.
Otherwise
the
offenders
and
wicked
Counsellors
,
the
Perpetrators
of
so
manie
evils
in
the
Kingdom
,
should
escape
unpunished
,
and
the
poor
oppressed
People
remain
without
Justice
.
Many
other
reasons
hee
aleadged
,
which
were
not
unpleasing
to
the
People
,
who
were
filled
with
a
desire
of
seeing
the
punishment
(
hee
mentioned
)
inflicted
.
And
having
ended
his
discours
,
hee
produced
and
read
aloud
to
them
a
copie
signed
by
three
publick
Notaries
,
of
what
passed
between
the
Queen
and
the
Commissioners
of
all
the
Cities
and
Towns
in
the
Kingdom
,
that
had
Votes
in
Parlament
.
Who
beeing
altogether
in
her
presence
,
gave
her
to
understand
by
the
mouth
of
the
Doctor
Zuniga
of
Salamanca
,
the
grievances
of
the
Kingdom
having
been
pilled
and
polled
by
strangers
since
her
●ather's
death
,
and
out
of
the
sens
of
their
opression
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso
desired
,
that
her
Highness
would
bee
pleased
to
nominate
the
four
Members
,
whom
shee
would
have
to
confer
with
her
concerning
the
government
of
the
Kingdom
,
shee
answered
that
her
will
was
,
that
the
Iunta
should
send
whom
they
thought
good
,
and
shee
would
heare
them
whensoëver
they
came
.
SECT.
XXVIII
.
THis
writing
signed
by
three
Notaries
in
the
presence
of
the
Infanta
Donia
Catalina
,
all
the
Commissioners
of
the
Kingdom
,
divers
eminent
Priests
and
Friers
,
and
manie
other
persons
of
qualitie
,
satisfied
exceedingly
the
Common
people
,
who
cried
it
up
for
a
kinde
of
miracle
,
that
the
Queen
,
after
so
many
years
of
retirement
,
in
so
strict
a
manner
,
that
no
bodie
could
scarce
have
a
sight
of
her
,
and
so
long
discontiuance
from
anie
knowledg
of
State-affairs
,
should
now
com
forth
,
and
shew
her self
in
a
time
of
so
great
necessitie
,
with
so
much
knowledg
and
clear
judgment
in
things
concerning
the
government
of
the
Kingdom
:
They
praised
God
for
shewing
his
mercie
in
so
high
a
measure
unto
Spain
:
Yet
som
there
were
,
who
did
not
stick
to
saie
,
that
all
those
circumstances
were
fals
,
and
forged
by
those
of
the
Iunta
.
That
the
Queen
had
no
judgment
to
meddle
with
anie
such
affairs
,
neither
was
shee
in
a
condition
to
bee
treated
with
.
(
This
was
commonly
noised
not
onely
in
Valladolid
,
but
divers
other
places
also
:
Pero
Mexia
treating
of
this
business
,
seemeth
in
his
book
to
favor
this
opinion
,
I
write
what
I
had
from
one
that
was
an
eie
witness
of
all
these
passages
,
and
who
neither
was
a
Commoner
nor
friend
of
that
faction
.
)
After
all
this
the
Frier
told
them
,
that
there
were
Souldiers
without
the
Citie
,
who
,
if
they
would
give
leav
,
should
com
in
and
carrie
away
those
of
the
Council
prisoners
.
They
all
agreed
,
that
two
hundred
should
com
in
the
next
daie
,
who
would
bee
sufficient
to
apprehend
them
,
and
carrie
them
away
to
Tordesillas
.
Whereupon
the
day
following
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
Captain
General
of
the
Iunta's
forces
,
entred
Valladolid
with
three
hundred
Lances
of
Avila
and
Salamanca
,
and
eight
hundred
Pikemen
and
musketiers
,
where
hee
had
noble
entertainment
,
and
his
Souldiers
had
good
quarters
given
them
,
with
a
large
portion
of
all
nec●ssaries
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
forthwith
seized
upon
all
those
of
the
Council
that
could
bee
found
in
Valladolid
,
John
de
Padilla
apprehendeth
some
of
the
Co●ncil
and
ca●●i●th
them
prisone●s
●o
Tordesillas
.
who
were
Doctor
Veltran
,
Doctor
Tello
,
Doctor
Cornejo
,
and
El
Licenciado
Herrera
,
all
Alcaldes
,
whom
hee
confined
to
their
houses
that
daie
,
under
great
penalties
,
having
taken
good
securitie
for
them
besides
,
and
set
Guards
upon
every
one
;
hee
took
away
likewise
the
staves
from
the
Alguaziles
and
other
Officers
,
whom
hee
commanded
and
ordered
,
under
great
penalties
,
to
make
their
personal
appearance
at
Tordesillas
.
The
next
daie
hee
carried
them
away
prisoners
,
with
the
respect
and
honor
that
every
one
deserved
.
Hee
took
with
him
the
books
of
the
Treasurie
,
and
the
Broad
Seal
wherewith
the
Council
sealed
all
their
Acts
and
Orders
;
for
the
better
autorising
of
the
matter
,
the
Junta
desired
the
Queen
to
confirm
by
her
sign
whatsoëver
should
bee
agreed
on
by
them
,
as
persons
of
her
Council
.
Which
shee
refusing
to
do
,
the
Commissioners
there
present
,
sent
to
their
respective
Cities
,
to
give
them
power
to
see
to
the
government
of
the
Kingdom
(
for
fault
of
a
Governor
)
and
to
constitute
a
Council
.
Som
did
●end
their
powers
to
this
effect
,
others
disliked
that
proposition
,
holding
it
a
thing
needless
,
and
of
a
dangerous
consequence
.
Divers
Gentlemen
of
Toledo
were
much
distasted
hereat
,
and
sorrie
that
Iohn
de
Padilla
had
been
so
forward
,
for
which
they
sent
him
and
their
Commissioners
a
notable
check
,
refusing
to
give
them
any
power
concerning
the
Govenment
of
the
Kingdom
.
SECT.
XXIX
.
THe
Iunta
,
for
the
better
autorising
and
securing
their
persons
and
proceedings
,
used
all
means
possible
to
seduce
all
the
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
engage
them
in
their
quarrel
.
From
Palencia
they
had
intelligence
,
that
a
small
matter
would
make
them
rise
.
Whereupon
they
presently
dispatched
thither
an
Augustine
Frier
,
giving
him
Orders
first
to
sound
the
Bishop
,
and
afterward
to
address
himself
to
the
Citie
,
telling
them
how
they
stood
obliged
to
favor
and
assist
the
Junta
,
in
regard
the
chief
end
of
their
assembling
,
and
their
onely
studie
,
since
they
were
established
,
was
for
the
general
good
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
Frier
went
(
but
it
had
been
better
for
him
to
have
staied
in
his
Cell
)
and
with
much
libertie
and
lavishness
of
words
hee
began
to
treat
of
his
message
,
and
having
assembled
the
people
,
to
preach
sedition
publickly
in
the
Pulpit
.
This
continued
som
daies
,
until
the
Cardinal
,
who
then
was
at
Rioseco
,
with
the
Council
,
sent
to
apprehend
him
,
which
was
the
easier
done
becaus
there
were
divers
loial
and
well-affected
persons
in
the
Citie
,
who
were
scandalized
at
the
ill
example
of
this
Frier
.
Hee
was
carried
prisoner
to
Medina
,
where
after
few
daies
,
the
fact
beeing
proved
against
him
,
hee
was
strangled
.
Hee
had
his
desert
,
and
may
all
Friers
or
Priests
meet
with
the
like
punishment
,
Provisores
d●l
Obispo
or
Officers
of
the
Bishop's
Cou●t
,
they
turned
out
the
Regidores
,
whom
the
Bishop
had
constituted
,
and
the
Commonaltie
put
others
in
their
places
.
At
the
ringing
of
a
bell
the
people
all
assembled
,
and
most
of
them
beeing
Armed
,
they
ran
furiously
to
Villamuriel
,
(
which
was
a
Fort
and
the
Bishop's
hous
)
and
pulled
down
a
part
of
one
of
the
Towers
thereof
.
The
15th
Sept.
15●0
,
they
cut
down
the
greatest
part
of
a
Wood
called
Santillana
,
which
belonged
to
the
Bishop
;
divers
other
strange
disorders
and
mischiefs
they
did
in
and
about
the
Citie
,
as
if
they
had
been
in
an
Enemie's
Countrie
:
things
indeed
befitting
the
blinde
and
furious
rage
of
the
common
people
.
SECT
▪
XXX
.
THe
Cardinal
,
governor
of
the
Kingdom
,
seeing
the
disturbed
estate
of
things
,
and
that
in
Valladolid
hee
was
not
obeyed
,
as
the
dignitie
of
his
person
and
place
required
,
but
rather
in
danger
daiely
to
bee
affronted
,
took
a
resolution
to
retire
himself
to
a
Gentleman's
hous
out
of
the
Citie
,
where
hee
might
bee
secure
.
This
was
no
sooner
known
in
Valladolid
,
but
some
of
the
Citie-Officers
came
to
●peake
with
him
,
desiring
to
know
wherefore
hee
would
go
away
from
them
.
The
Holy
man
with
much
meekness
,
answered
,
that
hee
would
willingly
retire
himself
with
the
Lord
Admiral
at
Medina
de
Rioseco
.
But
those
of
Valladolid
,
holding
it
their
best
waie
to
keep
him
there
,
would
not
let
him
go
.
They
presently
set
guards
at
the
Gates
of
the
Citie
,
that
none
of
the
Common
people
should
go
out
,
for
they
began
already
to
feare
,
lest
they
should
go
joyn
with
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
who
was
levying
forces
to
resist
and
suppress
those
Tumults
,
which
were
grown
so
excessive
in
the
Kingdom
,
to
whom
were
repaired
those
of
Council
,
that
escaped
from
Valladolid
,
to
the
end
that
Castilla
,
The
Governor
's
goeing
away
,
The
Governor
's
goeing
away
.
Hereupon
one
Alonso
de
Vera
,
a
Deputie
of
a
ward
,
without
any
Command
or
Order
from
the
Captain
Generall
of
the
Commonaltie
,
ran
in
great
hast
to
ring
the
Council
Bell
,
which
beeing
heard
the
Citie
presently
took
the
Alarme
,
and
in
a
trice
there
was
such
a
hurly-burly
and
confusion
of
people
in
the
stree●s
,
that
it
was
wonderful
,
they
all
locked
up
their
houses
and
shops
and
posted
with
their
Arms
towards
the
bridg
,
(
as
if
the
Citie
had
been
stormed
by
an
enemie
)
where
in
a
moment's
time
(
in
a
manner
)
was
assembled
a
very
numerous
Armie
of
compleat
men
,
with
new
shining
arms
,
but
without
order
and
without
Captain
.
The
Cardinal
seeing
this
tumult
,
turned
back
againe
towards
the
Citie
,
and
beeing
half
way
ouer
the
bridg
some
of
his
servants
said
to
him
,
My
Lord
!
your
Eminence
should
do
well
to
stand
still
there
,
untill
you
see
what
is
the
meaning
of
this
boldness
of
the
People
.
So
hee
did
remain
a
while
,
having
a
strong
guard
before
him
.
But
the
people
came
swarming
to
that
place
like
emmets
.
Whilest
the
Cardinal
was
at
this
stand
,
came
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
to
whom
all
the
people
bore
as
much
respect
,
as
if
hee
had
been
their
Lord
.
Hee
was
mounted
upon
a
stately
Ginnet
,
his
body
was
covered
with
Armor
as
bright
as
silver
,
his
head
with
a
richly
guilded
helmet
,
his
hors
proudly
praunsing
along
the
streets
,
made
waie
through
the
disorderly
throng
,
untill
hee
came
where
the
Governor
stood
,
to
whom
after
salutation
,
Don
Pedro
Giron's
speech
to
the
Cardinal
,
persuading
him
to
return
to
his
Palace
▪
hee
thus
spake
.
My
Lord
!
I
am
sorry
that
your
Eminence
would
offer
to
go
away
thus
without
the
consent
of
the
Citie
and
Kingdom
,
if
my
Counsel
might
prevail
,
you
should
return
to
your
lodging
,
for
if
you
stay
longer
here
,
it
will
not
bee
in
the
power
of
man
to
remedie
or
hinder
the
mischief
,
which
your
departure
may
produce
.
The
Cardinal's
men
not
throughly
understanding
Don
Pedro's
speech
,
began
to
draw
their
swords
;
which
some
of
the
people
,
that
had
crowded
neer
,
seeing
,
cryed
out
,
Arm
,
Arm
Commoners
,
help
,
help
.
Hereupon
grew
such
a
noise
and
so
great
a
tumult
,
that
had
not
the
President
of
the
Chancerie
,
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
and
other
Gentlemen
been
there
to
appease
the
furie
of
the
people
,
they
scarse
had
left
one
man
alive
of
all
those
that
were
with
the
Cardinal
.
But
all
beeing
pacified
,
hee
returned
with
his
guards
to
his
lodging
,
accompanied
with
other
Prelates
and
divers
Gentlemen
of
qualitie
,
and
after
all
,
followed
his
traine
of
bagage
in
the
same
order
as
they
marched
outwards
.
The
Common
People
went
before
him
all
armed
,
with
sound
of
drums
and
trumpets
conducting
him
to
his
lodging
,
with
all
due
honor
and
reverence
.
By
this
time
it
was
full
twelve
of
the
clock
,
so
that
they
spent
six
hours
at
least
in
this
contention
.
The
Infante
of
Granada
,
Captain
of
Valladolid
,
was
so
much
displeased
that
St
Michael's
Bell
had
been
rung
,
and
that
the
people
had
all
taken
Arms
in
that
manner
without
his
order
or
knowledg
,
that
hee
threatned
to
leave
his
charge
.
Thereupon
strict
order
was
given
,
that
no
man
thenceforwards
should
dare
,
under
a
great
penaltie
,
to
ring
the
Bell
or
to
rise
in
Arms
,
without
their
Captains
order
.
Vera
who
rung
the
Bell
,
to
avoid
the
punishment
which
was
intended
,
and
his
offence
deserved
,
fled
to
Tordesillas
.
After
this
,
Valladolid
ordered
that
every
five
and
twentie
men
should
have
a
particular
Captain
,
that
should
command
them
upon
occasion
,
having
first
received
orders
from
the
Captain
General
.
The
newes
beeing
carried
to
Tordesillas
,
how
those
of
Valladolid
had
opposed
and
detained
the
Cardinal
,
besides
the
good
order
they
kept
for
the
guard
and
defens
of
their
Citie
,
The
Iunta
sent
an
express
with
Letters
to
give
the
People
thanks
in
their
names
,
extolling
their
valor
to
the
skies
,
which
puffed
up
the
people's
hearts
with
a
kinde
of
vanitie
,
and
incouraged
them
to
commit
greater
exorbitancies
another
time
.
SECT.
XXXI
.
THe
Cardinal
seeing
it
was
not
possible
for
him
to
go
publickly
out
of
Valladolid
,
and
considering
how
much
it
behoved
him
to
depart
thence
,
where
hee
had
no
more
then
an
honorable
prison
,
resolved
to
steal
away
privately
:
which
hee
did
one
night
all
alone
,
beeing
disguised
,
and
hee
had
been
gone
ten
daies
before
it
was
known
in
the
Citie
,
or
his
own
Guard
of
Hors
missed
him
.
His
Foot
Guards
went
away
the
daie
before
by
two
and
two
.
After
which
time
hee
sent
to
entreat
the
Citie
,
to
suffer
his
goods
to
bee
brought
unto
him
,
assuring
them
that
his
going
away
should
bee
no
waie
prejudicial
to
them
,
that
hee
was
in
a
manner
enforced
so
to
absent
himself
from
them
,
both
for
respect
of
his
Majestie
's
service
,
and
that
hee
had
not
left
him
wherewithal
to
defraie
his
charges
in
the
Citie
,
but
wheresoëver
hee
was
,
they
might
bee
confident
hee
would
do
all
that
might
be
for
their●
and
the
whole
Kingdom
's
good
.
Valladolid
,
with
much
complement
and
civil
expressions
,
sent
him
all
his
Linnens
and
other
houshold-stuff
to
the
Town
of
Rioseco
,
whither
hee
was
gone
in
exspectation
of
the
Lord
Admiral
.
About
this
time
there
were
great
differences
betwixt
those
of
the
Commonaltie
,
and
their
Captain
the
Infante
of
Granada
.
They
would
have
killed
him
,
manie
of
them
coming
violently
against
him
with
their
Arms
,
and
giving
him
very
reproachful
and
abusive
language
.
As
hee
advanced
into
the
market
place
with
above
six
hundred
Lances
to
apprehend
Alonso
de
Vera
,
(
they
saie
)
it
was
a
Bridle-maker
and
som
such
like
audacious
fellows
,
that
were
the
occasion
of
stirring
the
people
to
this
insolent
attempt
.
The
Iunta
beeing
much
displeased
●
ereat
ordered
that
the
Infante
of
Granada
should
leav
the
Office
of
Captain
,
becaus
it
was
too
great
a
charge
to
allow
him
everie
month
30000
Maradiz
,
alleging
moreover
,
that
none
but
a
native
of
the
Citie
,
ought
to
execute
that
Command
.
But
the
Infante
giving
notice
of
his
discontent
,
by
command
of
the
Iunta
this
matter
was
put
to
Votes
,
and
hee
having
the
major
part
on
his
side
,
it
was
ordered
,
that
hee
should
bee
confirmed
in
his
Office
,
but
withal
,
that
hee
should
pardon
Alonso
de
Vera
,
with
the
rest
that
had
offended
him
,
and
strict
command
was
given
,
that
the
people
should
make
no
more
meetings
,
nor
demand
any
thing
from
thenceforward
with
Arms
in
their
hands
,
but
by
waie
of
Justice
and
Reason
.
That
presently
under
pain
of
one
hundred
lashes
,
all
those
Vagabands
and
fellows
that
had
no
professions
,
should
avoid
the
Citie
.
This
was
proclaimed
in
Valladolid
on
St
Luke's
daie
.
SECT.
XXXII
.
WHil'st
the
Commonaltie
of
Valladolid
was
in
consultation
,
whether
the
Infante
should
continue
in
his
Charge
or
not
,
arrived
a
Commissioner
from
the
Junta
,
desiring
that
Citie
in
their
names
to
agree
,
and
bee
all
as
one
,
and
not
to
give
waie
to
their
particular
passions
,
which
might
breed
division
among
them
,
to
the
great
weakning
and
disenabling
of
that
Citie
,
for
they
were
now
to
consider
that
they
had
manie
enemies
,
who
had
already
begun
one
of
the
highest
and
greatest
attempts
in
the
world
.
That
if
their
hearts
were
not
united
&
stirred
up
therewith
,
they
,
with
their
wives
and
children
,
should
bee
reduced
to
most
wretched
slaverie
.
That
with
couragious
mindes
and
upright
desires
,
they
ought
to
prosecute
this
matter
,
and
bee
assistant
to
those
Gentlemen
who
were
already
engaged
therein
,
and
boüy
them
up
out
of
that
gulf
of
miserie
whereinto
they
were
plunged
.
For
the
Lords
of
the
Iunta
considering
that
Valladolid
was
the
most
noble
&
principal
Citie
of
all
Spain
,
and
that
it
had
been
the
principal
autor
of
their
good
(
as
in
former
times
)
exposing
and
hazarding
their
lives
and
fortunes
to
many
eminent
dangers
.
They
thought
it
great
rea●on
to
give
them
an
account
of
what
they
had
done
in
the
Iunta
.
To
whi●h
effect
they
had
sent
to
let
them
know
,
how
that
neither
night
nor
daie
they
ceased
laboring
in
the
advancement
of
the
service
of
God
and
the
King
and
the
publick
good
of
the
Nation
,
neither
eating
nor
drinking
in
quiet
,
but
still
watching
with
much
care
and
studie
,
how
God
and
the
King
might
have
their
due
respect
and
honor
,
and
the
Kingdom
bee
preserved
in
libertie
.
Renouncing
all
private
affairs
,
leaving
houses
,
goods
,
wives
and
children
at
random
,
to
attend
and
applie
themselvs
with
more
fervencie
to
procure
the
people's
good
without
Interest
.
That
before
the
Iunta
sate
at
Tordesillas
,
they
all
took
a
solemn
oath
,
that
no
man
should
procure
for
himself
,
wife
,
children
,
friends
or
kindred
,
anie
Lands
,
Offices
or
benefits
whatsoëver
,
to
the
end
that
they
might
loi●lly
,
and
without
Interests
,
serv
the
publick
.
That
every
one
of
the
Iunta
was
a
Gentleman
,
and
as
free
,
as
the
King
himself
from
all
the
tributes
&
taxes
that
were
imposed
upon
the
meaner
subjects
,
&
that
neither
for
respect
of
what
they
might
hope
to
gain
,
or
to
free
themselvs
of
that
which
others
did
paie
,
they
had
exposed
themselvs
to
so
great
hazard
,
beeing
no
more
then
fiftie
,
that
did
help
or
any
waie
advance
this
business
,
which
so
nearly
concerned
all
.
That
without
them
the
Iunta
could
do
little
,
the
case
b●eing
weightie
and
dangerous
.
That
they
trusted
in
God
within
eight
daies
,
the
Iunta
would
have
taken
such
a
cours
,
that
Castilla
should
enjoie
as
much
peace
,
quietness
,
and
plentie
as
formerly
;
for
they
wanted
nothing
but
the
Articles
of
the
several
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
,
to
extract
the
best
out
of
them
;
which
should
bee
printed
and
and
sent
through
the
whole
Kingdom
,
that
every
one
might
see
the
good
which
proceeded
from
the
Iunta
.
The
Articles
which
were
purged
in
the
Iunta
,
whereby
they
thought
(
as
they
saie
here
)
to
remedie
and
restore
Castilla
to
its
former
condition
,
shal
bee
punctually
set
down
in
the
following
Book
.
In
Valladolid
they
much
rejoiced
at
this
discours
,
and
were
highly
taken
with
the
promises
made
them
by
the
Iunta
,
which
filled
them
with
a
thousand
good
hopes
,
but
within
seven
months
they
found
them
all
fruitless
.
They
offered
willingly
their
estates
and
goods
,
and
to
expose
their
lives
in
the
defens
of
the
Holie
Iunta
as
they
called
it
.
SECT.
XXXIII
.
THe
Cardinal
and
those
of
the
Council
,
prudently
desired
first
to
proceed
with
mildness
,
and
endeavor
by
fair
persuasions
to
quench
,
or
(
at
least
)
mitigate
the
furie
of
that
unnatural
●ire
;
Commendador
Hinestrosa
,
to
whom
they
denied
both
audience
and
entrance
into
the
Citie
.
From
that
time
forwards
the
Junta
called
them
of
Council
Tyrants
,
and
those
of
the
Council
termed
them
Traitors
.
Which
beeing
known
in
Valladolid
,
a
rumor
was
noised
about
,
that
the
Lords
of
the
Council
had
given
order
to
apprehend
those
of
the
Junta
,
for
which
caus
El
Licenciado
Francisco
de
Vargas
,
Treasurer
General
,
and
El
Licenciado
Zapata
,
made
their
escapes
in
the
night
from
the
Council
:
For
they
having
born
a
great
swaie
,
one
in
the
Treasurie
,
the
other
in
matters
of
Justice
,
were
both
grown
odious
in
the
eies
of
the
Common-wealth
.
SECT.
XXXIV
.
THe
several
Parties
reviled
,
and
fell
into
malicious
expressions
one
against
the
other
,
not
considering
,
that
that
was
one
of
the
poorest
and
vilest
revenges
upon
earth
,
and
which
suit
's
with
none
but
rascal-like
&
unworthie
dispositions
.
Those
that
were
enemies
to
the
Commonaltie
,
reported
,
that
no
Gentlemen
or
persons
of
qualitie
would
have
taken
that
side
,
but
for
private
respects
and
ambition
.
That
Don
Antonio
de
Acunia
Bishop
of
Zamora
(
whose
storie
wee
are
not
yet
com
to
)
would
make
himself
Arch-bishop
of
Toledo
.
That
Don
Pedro
Giron
was
on
fire
for
the
Estate
of
Medina
Sidonia
.
The
Earl
of
Salvatierra
ambitioned
certain
territories
of
great
value
,
called
Merindades
.
Hernando
de
Avalos
for
revenge
of
som
injuries
don
●im
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
to
bee
Master
of
Santjago
.
Don
Pedro
Lasso
to
bee
Lord
of
Toledo
.
Quintanilla
to
have
the
Command
of
Medina
del
Campo
.
Hernando
de
Ulloa
to
drive
his
brother
out
of
Toro
.
Don
Pedro
Pimentel
to
advance
himself
with
Salamanca
.
The
Abbat
of
Compludo
to
be
made
Bishop
of
Zamora
.
El
Licenciado
Bernardino
to
bee
Judg
in
Valladolid
.
Ramiro
Nuniez
that
hee
might
possess
himself
of
Leon
,
and
Carlos
de
Arellano
bee
Lord
of
Soria
.
Thus
their
tongues
went
nimbler
then
their
hands
(
except
when
they
were
asleep
)
breeding
and
brewing
a
world
of
mischiefs
.
And
divers
Gentlemen
found
themselvs
so
far
ingaged
already
in
this
disorder
,
that
they
could
not
with
honor
withdraw
themselvs
,
neither
could
they
tell
whom
to
trust
.
SECT.
XXXV
.
BEfore
I
proceed
any
further
with
the
Historie
,
of
what
was
done
by
the
Commonalties
in
Castilla
,
I
wil
here
describe
the
particulars
of
the
insurrection
of
the
Citie
and
Kingdom
of
Valencia
,
in
regard
it
was
the
blindest
and
most
pernicious
of
all
Spain
,
and
although
some
have
written
very
dolefull
and
lamentable
memorials
thereof
,
they
do
not
mention
half
what
there
befell
.
Several
prodigious
signs
presaged
this
miserable
dissention
in
Valencia
.
In
the
yeare
1517.
The
river
which
runneth
by
the
Citie
of
Valencia
,
so
shallow
that
somtimes
there
is
scarse
any
water
,
on
a
sodain
swelled
,
and
overflowed
the
bankes
in
such
manner
,
that
it
put
those
of
Valencia
to
the
greatest
shift
and
streight
,
Valencia
Don
Diego
de
Mendosa
,
son
to
the
Cardinal
Don
Pedro
Gonsalez
de
Mendosa
,
and
brother
to
Don
Rodrigo
Marquis
of
Cenete
.
Who
executing
his
command
and
charge
in
Valencia
,
Don
Ramon
de
Cardona
,
Lord
of
Castalla
,
passing
along
the
street
of
Nuestra
Seniora
de
Gracia
,
which
was
in
that
part
of
the
Citie
,
where
most
of
the
meaner
sort
of
people
lived
;
Some
Trades-men
,
that
were
working
at
their
dores
,
flouted
and
laughed
at
them
as
they
used
to
do
,
but
the
Morisco's
answering
them
they
presently
rose
in
Arms
,
and
cut
one
of
them
so
grievously
that
hee
died
;
And
beeing
about
to
kill
the
other
also
,
who
defended
himself
,
a
man
by
chance
passing
by
(
whose
name
was
Diego
Pisador
,
by
trade
a
salt-maker
)
took
compassion
of
the
poor
fellow
,
and
did
what
hee
could
to
defend
him
.
Whereat
those
Towns-men
were
so
incensed
that
leaving
the
other
they
ran
after
this
Diego
Pisador
,
following
him
quite
through
the
Citie
to
his
own
hous
(
whither
hee
fled
to
save
his
life
)
and
fell
a
storming
it
in
a
furious
manner
about
mid
daie
,
the
officers
of
Justice
not
daring
to
gain-saie
them
.
The
Priests
of
St
Nicholas
Church
(
which
was
close
by
that
hous
)
came
forth
all
with
the
Holie
Sacrament
,
at
the
nois
of
this
Combustion
,
to
pacifie
the
furie
of
the
People
,
which
their
presence
and
intreaties
did
somwhat
mitigate
.
But
Diego
Pisador
,
not
holding
himself
secure
in
his
hous
,
thought
it
a
safer
waie
to
take
sanctuary
in
the
Church
;
so
beeing
come
down
,
the
Priest
that
carried
the
Sacrament
,
took
him
next
unto
him
,
and
●o
advanced
towards
the
Church
;
which
the
people
seeing
,
they
violently
ran
again
upon
him
,
and
killed
him
with
their
daggers
.
Upon
this
,
came
amongst
them
one
Avendanio
a
Cloath-worker
,
who
was
the
Autor
and
chief
of
this
confedracie
(
it
was
thought
)
to
hinder
and
keep
them
from
doing
mischief
,
but
seeing
that
man
so
barbarosly
killed
,
hee
went
presently
into
a
hous
,
where
hee
burst
and
died
miserably
(
som
saie
)
for
anger
and
grief
,
to
see
such
excessive
disorder
.
These
and
manie
other
such
like
outrages
were
done
by
the
People
of
Valencia
,
before
the
●mperor
departed
,
whereof
his
Majestie
was
advertised
by
the
Nobles
and
Gentlemen
of
that
Citie
;
and
hee
referred
it
to
Xeures
,
but
hee
beeing
more
sollicitous
for
the
transporting
of
his
treasure
,
then
the
remedying
of
the
troubles
in
Spain
,
neglected
it
.
All
that
was
ordered
herein
,
was
to
remit
the
quelling
and
reducing
that
People
to
reason
,
to
the
care
of
the
Infante
Dou
Enrique
,
Duke
of
Sego●be
,
but
the
People
beeing
launched
into
the
depth
of
mischief
,
slighted
his
Autoritie
;
which
manifestly
declared
the
rebellion
and
pernicious
intentions
of
that
Confederacie
.
Soon
after
,
a
man
condemned
for
haynous
crimes
beeing
led
along
to
execution
,
the
People
came
out
with
Arms
,
and
rescued
him
from
the
officers
of
Justice
,
abusing
and
ill
treating
them
in
a
horrid
manner
.
No
Noblemen
or
Gentlemen
could
pass
through
the
streets
,
but
those
of
the
Confederacie
would
deride
and
flout
them
with
base
reviling
language
.
Insomuch
that
a
Hat-maker's
wife
,
dressing
a
Hat
at
the
door
,
with
her
children
about
her
,
as
some
Gentlemen
were
going
by
,
shee
bid
the
children
look
at
those
men
that
passed
there
,
and
the
boyes
asking
her
why
shee
bid
them
look
at
them
,
shee
answered
,
Becaus
when
you
are
grown
up
to
bee
men
,
you
may
say
,
that
you
have
seen
Gentlemen
.
This
the
woman
said
,
becaus
the
Common
People
were
then
in
the
minde
to
destroie
all
the
Gentrie
of
the
whole
Kingdom
root
and
branch
.
Avendanio
the
Cloth-worker
beeing
dead
,
the
Confederates
chose
another
Captain
,
one
of
the
same
trade
as
the
former
,
his
name
was
Sorolla
,
a
pestilent
audacious
villain
,
who
amongst
other
wicked
facts
,
went
to
the
Citie
Hall
,
when
they
were
consulting
about
the
Election
of
Iurates
,
and
with
a
confident
impudence
told
those
of
the
Regimiento
,
in
the
name
of
his
Confederacie
,
that
if
they
did
not
admit
them
to
bee
of
the
Regimiento
,
those
stones
should
flow
with
blood
.
And
his
threats
were
accomplished
;
for
they
made
their
Election
according
to
the
rights
and
custom
of
the
Citie
.
Whereat
the
people
were
so
enraged
,
that
they
committed
those
outrages
which
shall
bee
set
down
hereafter
.
In
this
distemper
and
extravagant
hare-brainedness
,
Don
Diego
de
Mendosa
found
the
mindes
of
the
people
in
Valencia
,
when
hee
came
to
bee
their
Governor
.
Sorolla
,
Vicente
Periz
,
one
Iohn
Caro
,
and
other
leading
men
of
the
Confederacie
,
understanding
that
the
Vice-Roy
had
been
fully
informed
of
their
demeanors
,
and
of
the
state
of
things
,
but
yet
dissembled
the
knowledg
thereof
out
of
fear
,
considering
what
power
and
credite
their
Confederacie
had
with
the
people
:
they
complotted
that
Sorolla
should
hide
himself
in
his
own
hous
,
and
that
the
rest
should
go
up
and
down
the
Citie
and
acquaint
all
his
friends
and
allies
that
the
Vice-Roy
had
sent
for
Sorolla
,
and
that
(
as
they
were
informed
)
hee
either
had
already
hanged
him
,
or
was
then
about
it
,
and
that
for
manie
respects
,
they
ought
not
to
let
such
a
man
suffer
,
who
was
the
defendor
and
mainteiner
of
the
publick
good
.
This
report
beeing
thus
cunningly
spread
through
the
whole
Citie
,
so
incensed
the
people's
mindes
,
that
in
an
instant
all
was
up
in
Arms
,
Drums
beating
,
and
Colours
flying
,
and
in
this
manner
they
marched
to
the
Vice-Roy's
hous
,
crying
out
,
Let
the
Vice-Roy
die
,
if
hee
deliver
us
not
Sorolla
.
The
Vice-Roy
,
and
som
Gentlemen
that
were
in
the
hous
at
that
time
with
him
,
besides
his
servants
,
defended
the
windows
and
doors
,
where
the
assault
was
hottest
all
daie
long
,
and
night
beeing
com
(
as
God
would
have
it
)
a
good
woman
one
of
Sorolla's
neighbors
,
who
having
seen
him
in
his
hous
,
and
hearing
that
the
people
were
storming
the
Vice-Roy's
●alace
for
hanging
Sorolla
,
shee
went
to
the
Bishop
of
Segorbe
,
who
lived
close
by
,
and
told
him
that
shee
had
seen
Sorolla
safe
and
sound
in
his
own
hous
but
a
little
before
.
Hereupon
the
Bishop
went
presently
to
Sorolla's
hous
,
which
hee
caused
to
bee
broken
open
,
and
finding
where
hee
had
hidden
himself
,
hee
chid
him
throughly
for
his
mischievous
villanie
,
but
hee
excusing
himself
,
said
,
hee
durst
not
go
out
of
his
doors
.
The
Bishop
immediately
gave
order
to
saddle
his
mules
,
and
riding
upon
one
himself
,
and
Sorolla
on
the
other
,
with
manie
Halbards
attending
him
,
hee
carried
him
quite
through
the
Citie
to
the
Vice-Roy's
hous
,
to
the
end
the
people
might
see
-
Sorolla
was
neither
dead
nor
a
prisoner
in
the
Vice-Roy's
hous
.
The
Confederates
seeing
him
alive
,
with
much
joie
they
raised
their
siege
,
which
had
continued
all
daie
and
almost
all
night
.
After
this
they
rescued
a
man
likewise
,
condemned
to
death
for
hainous
crimes
,
whom
,
in
regard
hee
had
manie
friends
and
kindred
in
the
Cite
,
the
Vice-Roy
had
commanded
to
bee
hanged
assoon
as
he
had
confessed
,
lest
his
friends
should
petition
for
him
before
hee
was
dead
.
The
thirteen
Sindicos
and
Sorolla
gave
out
,
Infante
Don
Enrique
,
and
to
the
Duke
of
Segorbe
Don
Alonso
,
agreeing
all
unanimously
to
adhere
to
the
Emperor's
service
against
the
Rebels
.
All
these
Gentlemen's
houses
within
the
Citie
,
the
people
plucked
down
or
burned
,
and
plundered
their
goods
;
a
thousand
more
abominable
mischiefs
they
did
,
which
I
am
ashamed
to
relate
(
so
cruel
and
unruly
is
that
Beast
,
the
Common
People
when
it
hath
broke
the
bridle
.
)
They
armed
all
the
slaves
,
and
received
manie
Moriscos
for
souldiers
.
From
Cozentayna
the
Vice-Roy
went
to
Xativa
;
the
Inhabitants
of
that
Citie
desired
him
to
give
them
leav
to
muster
upon
St
Bartholomew's
daie
,
which
hee
denying
,
they
marched
out
of
the
Citie
in
despight
and
contempt
of
him
,
and
mustered
before
his
face
.
The
Vice-Roy
hereupon
,
fearing
a
second
trick
of
Valencia
,
retired
into
the
Fort
,
which
those
of
Xativa
perceiving
,
they
proclaimed
,
that
no
bodie
,
under
pain
of
death
,
should
furnish
him
with
victuals
,
or
anie
provision
whatsoëver
.
Hereupon
hee
went
from
thence
to
Denia
,
becaus
if
hee
was
pursued
by
land
,
hee
might
escape
thence
by
sea
.
Those
of
Valencia
,
hearing
that
the
Vice-Roy
was
fled
to
Denia
,
after
that
Xativa
had
rebelled
against
him
,
resolved
to
seiz
upon
all
the
King's
Revenues
and
Customs
:
which
to
effect
,
they
went
to
the
Custom
houses
and
broke
the
Records
,
took
away
the
Books
,
and
spoke
words
which
were
wors
then
their
deeds
.
Those
of
Valencia
,
seeing
themselvs
masters
of
the
Citie
,
the
Vice-Roy
and
all
the
Gentrie
beeing
gone
,
they
ordered
the
Government
thereof
.
They
appointed
thirteen
persons
to
govern
and
defend
it
,
whom
they
call'd
the
Thirteen
of
the
Confederacie
.
These
Thirteen
chose
for
the
General
of
their
Armie
Iohn
Caro
,
(
who
was
a
Sugar-baker
)
and
held
intelligence
with
the
whole
Kingdom
:
Insomuch
that
assoon
as
the
news
was
heard
of
the
Rebellion
of
Valencia
and
Xativa
,
and
that
the
Vice-Roy
was
fled
,
presently
the
Citie
of
Oribuela
&
the
Marquisat
of
Helche
did
the
like
,
and
at
length
there
was
no
Citie
or
Town
but
rebelled
also
,
in
imitation
of
Valencia
,
treating
the
Gentrie
and
nobler
Citizens
with
the
like
dis-respect
and
tyrannie
.
And
the
Gentrie
,
with
their
servants
,
arms
,
goods
,
and
all
they
could
get
,
joined
together
in
their
King's
service
.
So
that
(
which
is
a
thing
worthie
of
note
and
esteem
)
there
was
not
one
Gentleman
,
nor
person
of
any
birth
or
qualitie
through
that
whole
Kingdom
that
sided
with
that
vile
Commonaltie
,
but
valiantly
and
unanimously
ventured
their
lives
and
fortunes
in
their
Prince's
service
,
although
hee
was
out
of
the
Kingdom
;
they
suffered
patiently
their
houses
to
bee
pulled
down
,
their
goods
to
bee
burned
,
their
towns
destroied
,
and
all
to
shew
their
fidelitie
to
their
King
.
The
Citie
of
Oribuela
chose
for
their
Captain
one
Palomares
,
who
made
himself
so
absolute
Lord
of
those
people
(
beeing
but
a
poor
Serving-man
)
that
oftentimes
hee
drew
out
five
thousand
men
into
the
field
to
fight
,
though
hee
paied
dearly
for
it
afterwards
.
The
Confederates
,
having
lost
their
respect
to
the
Vice-Roy
,
agreed
to
lose
likewise
the
fear
of
God
.
They
made
a
Conspiracie
amongst
them
,
the
result
whereof
was
to
rob
and
take
away
all
the
riches
of
the
Monasteries
and
Churches
.
Which
beeing
discovered
,
the
loial
Partie
desired
Don
Rodrigo
de
Mendosa
Marquess
of
Cenete
,
to
take
upon
him
the
Autoritie
of
the
Justice
for
the
King
,
which
hee
did
,
and
like
a
good
resolute
Gentleman
,
hee
hung
up
three
or
four
of
the
chief
Conspirators
,
and
so
the
robberie
which
they
intended
was
prevented
,
and
the
Citie
quieted
for
certain
daies
.
But
soon
after
the
Confederates
marched
into
the
field
towards
Denia
,
to
drive
the
Vice-Roy
out
of
the
Kingdom
.
Ten
thousand
men
in
Arms
Valencia
furnished
to
that
effect
.
The
Clergie
with
their
Hoods
upon
their
heads
,
and
Crosses
in
their
hands
,
stood
all
at
the
gate
of
San
Vicente
,
and
as
the
Confederates
passed
by
them
,
the
Priests
and
Friers
said
to
them
,
Sirs
!
Misericordia
,
Misericordia
;
and
they
answered
,
swearing
,
Cuerpo
de
Dios
,
Iusticia
,
Iusticia
.
And
indeed
God's
Justice
did
abundantly
fall
upon
their
heads
;
for
the
greatest
part
of
those
that
answered
so
,
were
either
killed
in
battle
,
or
executed
by
Justice
afterwards
.
Iohn
Caro
and
Sorolla
were
Captains
of
this
Armie
.
The
Confederates
having
the
sole
power
and
command
of
Valencia
,
Iohn
Caro
was
sent
with
a
sufficient
force
to
besiege
the
Castle
of
Corbera
,
six
leagues
from
Valencia
,
which
while
hee
was
battering
with
some
peeces
of
Artillerie
,
Don
Geronimo
Vique
(
who
at
that
time
was
at
a
Monasterie
of
Friers
of
the
order
of
San
Geronimo
,
half
a
league
from
the
Castle
)
desired
to
speak
with
him
,
who
,
overcom
with
his
persuasions
and
powerful
reasons
,
raised
his
siege
.
Which
the
Thirteen
of
the
Confederacie
hearing
,
took
t●e
Office
of
Captain
General
from
Iohn
Caro
,
and
conferred
it
upon
Sorolla
.
By
this
time
the
Vice-Roy
,
with
some
forces
,
which
hee
had
raised
,
was
came
to
Gandia
,
to
succor
the
Castle
of
Corbera
;
And
Sorolla
with
his
Armie
went
seeking
the
Vice-Roy
:
as
hee
passed
hee
ruined
and
spoyled
all
the
places
,
that
belonged
to
Don
Geronimo
Vique
,
becaus
hee
had
persuaded
Iohn
Caro
to
leave
the
Castle
.
At
last
coming
to
Gandia
,
hee
met
with
the
Vice-Roy's
Armie
and
gave
them
battle
,
wherein
manie
were
killed
on
both
sides
,
but
at
length
the
Confederates
won
the
daie
,
and
the
Vice-Roy
,
with
the
Earl
of
Oliva
,
and
divers
other
Lords
and
Gentlemen
that
remained
alive
,
were
inforced
to
retreat
to
Denia
,
whither
Sorolla
with
his
men
still
pu●sued
them
.
And
beeing
arrived
at
a
town
called
Vergel
(
one
league
short
of
Denia
)
Mossen
Baltazar
Vives
,
Lord
of
that
place
,
refreshed
them
,
and
afterwards
conveied
them
safe
to
Denia
,
where
hee
imbarked
for
Peniscola
,
whence
they
w●nt
to
the
town
of
Morella
,
where
they
raised
more
men
.
Sorolla
returned
to
Valencia
,
where
hee
entered
with
his
Armie
very
joiful
and
content
with
his
conquest
.
By
this
time
the
Duke
of
Segorbe
Don
Alonso
de
Aragon
was
com
into
the
field
with
above
four
thousand
Foot
,
and
divers
gentlemen
with
their
servants
and
others
on
hors-back
,
to
the
number
of
one
hundred
and
sixtie
,
whereof
was
Captain
Don
Jayme
Ferrer
,
son
to
Don
Luis
Ferrer
,
who
was
Lord
Steward
to
the
Queen
Donia
Iuana
,
at
Tordesillas
.
And
beeing
quartered
at
Almenara
,
a
league
and
half
from
Monviedro
with
intent
to
besiege
it
,
which
was
the
strongest
and
most
considerable
Fort
the
Confederates
had
,
but
four
leagues
from
Valencia
;
notice
was
given
him
that
the
enemie
appeared
with
no
less
then
eight
thousand
Foot
and
some
Hors
,
fleshed
with
their
Victorie
over
the
Vice-Roy
,
and
recruited
with
many
fresh
men
from
Valencia
.
Whereupon
the
Duke
sent
Don
Iayme
with
the
Hors
to
discover
,
and
according
to
his
advice
,
hee
would
follow
as
speedily
as
might
bee
with
the
Foot
.
This
was
carried
with
so
much
discretion
and
valor
,
that
the
Duke
gave
them
an
absolute
rout
,
leaving
above
five
thousand
men
dead
upon
the
place
,
for
which
it
is
called
to
this
daie
,
The
field
of
slaughter
.
This
Victorie
restored
the
Kingdom
,
which
if
it
had
otherwise
succeeded
,
the
Common
People
had
become
absolute
Masters
without
any
contradiction
.
Things
beeing
in
this
condition
,
the
Vice-Roy
returned
with
a
fresh
supplie
,
and
incamped
his
Armie
about
Alcira
and
Xativa
;
The
People
were
somwhat
amazed
,
and
startled
at
the
rout
the
Duke
had
given
them
.
Yet
those
of
Alcira
and
Xativa
marched
out
very
strong
to
meet
with
the
Vice-Roy
,
and
finding
him
a
league
from
the
Citie
,
they
gave
him
battle
,
the
conflict
was
so
hot
,
and
so
well
maintained
on
both
sides
,
that
it
was
hard
to
saie
which
had
the
advantage
,
the
combate
continued
all
daie
,
and
at
night
both
Armies
beeing
very
wearie
,
and
great
store
of
men
hurt
,
they
were
both
glad
to
retreat
,
seeking
refreshment
and
medicaments
to
dress
their
wounded
men
.
About
this
time
the
Cities
of
Oribuela
and
Alicante
,
with
all
the
Towns
and
Places
under
their
jurisdiction
,
associated
themselvs
with
the
People
of
Valencia
.
But
all
the
Gentrie
and
persons
of
qualitie
followed
their
Governor
Don
Pedro
Masa
,
who
was
inforced
to
quit
those
two
Cities
,
and
the
Castle
of
Oribuela
,
whereof
hee
was
Governor
.
But
Don
Iayme
de
Puyg
,
a
valorous
Gentleman
(
who
was
Lievtenant
of
the
Castle
under
the
Governor
)
with
fifteen
or
sixteen
men
defended
himself
gallantly
against
the
furie
of
the
Common
people
,
when
in
their
violentest
heat
they
killed
,
burned
and
sacked
the
Gentlemen's
houses
.
The
Marquis
de
los
Velez
,
Don
Pedro
Faxardo
,
Adelantado
Mayor
(
that
is
Lord
Deputie
or
Lord
Lievtenant
)
of
the
Kingdom
of
Murcia
,
having
notice
of
the
rising
of
Oribuela
,
levied
what
force
hee
could
,
and
marched
to
reliev
the
distressed
Gentrie
,
having
order
from
the
Emperor
,
to
assist
the
Governor
of
Oribuela
upon
all
occasions
.
Don
Pedro
Maca
with
his
hors
,
beeing
joyned
with
the
Marquis
de
los
Velez
,
the
Common
People
of
Oribuela
,
and
the
jurisdiction
thereof
,
(
who
were
above
eight
thousand
)
marched
in
pursuit
of
them
to
the
top
of
a
mountain
,
called
Rajolar
,
with
intent
to
give
them
battle
,
their
intilligence
assuring
them
that
they
were
far
the
greater
number
.
The
Governor
advised
with
the
Marquis
about
relieving
the
Castle
of
Oribuela
,
which
was
in
great
necessitie
,
every
one
of
his
Troopers
carrying
in
,
a
sack
of
provision
behinde
him
,
whilest
the
Marquess
amused
the
enemie
with
skirmishes
,
for
hee
doubted
not
to
bee
back
with
him
time
enough
to
discomfit
them
.
This
was
don
accordingly
,
and
beeing
drawn
up
in
Batalia
,
the
Marquis
secured
the
waie
to
the
Castle
,
that
the
Governor
might
go
thither
with
his
Hors
,
and
having
put
in
his
provisions
,
return
to
the
battle
,
which
was
dexterously
and
successively
effected
,
with
the
slaughter
of
above
four
thousand
of
the
Rebells
:
So
the
Marquis
cleared
all
the
Countrie
about
Oribu●la
.
But
seeing
how
infected
the
whole
Kingdom
was
,
and
what
multitudes
of
people
were
com
in
to
the
Commoners
,
encouraged
by
their
Victorie
(
for
it
is
the
nature
of
the
Common
people
to
follow
the
strongest
partie
)
he
advanced
higher
into
the
Countrie
with
his
Armie
,
which
daily
increased
,
insomuch
that
before
hee
could
reach
Valencia
,
hee
had
above
eleven
thousand
men
and
thirteen
pieces
of
Ordnance
,
wherewith
hee
encamped
at
a
place
called
Paterna
,
within
sight
of
Valencia
,
and
sent
the
Citie
a
Summons
,
which
beeing
surrendred
upon
Articles
,
and
the
Vice-Roy
repossessed
of
his
Command
,
the
Marquis
returned
with
his
Armie
to
Murcia
.
After
his
departure
,
the
Articles
beeing
not
well
performed
,
the
Confederates
retired
themselvs
to
Xativa
,
where
they
chose
for
their
Captain
one
Vicente
Perez
a
fellow
whose
trade
was
to
gather
Acorns
.
They
assaulted
and
entred
the
Fort
,
it
beeing
ill
provided
.
Besides
the
aforementioned
,
there
were
divers
strange
presages
in
Valencia
of
these
prodigious
disorders
;
amongst
others
,
upon
a
Tuesda●e
the
27
of
Maie
in
the
evening
,
a
Thunder-bolt
fell
upon
a
Church
called
El
Asseu
de
Valencia
,
Fray
Antonio
de
Guevara
Chronicler
to
his
Imperial
Majestie
,
and
Bishop
of
Mondoniedo
,
reporteth
,
that
hee
saw
one
of
them
hung
in
a
chain
in
Santa
Maria
Church
,
a
league
from
Oliva
,
which
weighed
no
less
then
five
and
twentie
pounds
.
The
passage
which
I
am
now
about
to
relate
is
so
remarkable
,
that
men
cannot
but
admire
the
blindness
which
possessed
the
miserable
people
that
affected
these
novelties
and
Insurrections
.
There
was
nothing
more
certainly
known
in
Spain
,
then
that
the
Prince
Don
Iohn
(
onely
issue
male
of
his
father
and
mother
,
the
Catholick
Kings
,
and
immediate
Heir
to
these
Kingdoms
)
died
at
Salamanca
,
to
the
exceeding
grief
and
resentment
of
his
parents
and
all
Spain
,
and
in
those
daies
there
was
no
further
scruple
or
question
thereof
.
But
since
in
the
time
of
these
unhappie
Commotions
,
the
Confederates
of
Valencia
were
so
besotted
,
that
a
strange
mean
fellow
of
no
accompt
(
who
came
in
a
fugitive
manner
out
of
Africa
,
and
associated
himself
with
them
)
that
they
received
him
,
and
beleiving
,
or
seeming
to
believ
him
,
to
bee
the
Prince
Don
Iohn
,
they
swore
allegeance
to
him
,
as
King
,
and
hee
Commanded
and
ruled
over
them
for
two
years
,
until
hee
met
with
the
end
hee
deserved
,
as
shall
bee
seen
hereafter
.
In
the
year
of
our
Lord
1512
,
a
certain
Merchant
of
Biscaya
,
named
Iuan
de
Vilvao
,
or
Iohn
of
Bilbo
,
went
to
trade
at
the
Citie
of
Oran
.
In
the
ship
which
carried
him
and
his
commodities
,
hee
light
upon
a
passenger
,
who
addressing
himself
to
him
,
told
him
that
hee
could
write
and
read
in
several
languages
,
and
that
if
hee
pleased
to
give
him
any
competent
subsistence
,
hee
would
bee
glad
to
serv
him
as
his
factor
,
and
teach
his
children
;
the
Merchant
entertained
him
,
and
took
him
on
board
with
him
at
Cartagena
,
thinking
himself
the
happiest
man
living
,
that
hee
had
so
luckily
met
with
a
man
of
such
abilities
to
instruct
his
children
and
follow
his
business
besides
.
This
fellow
was
of
a
low
stature
,
thin-faced
,
of
a
sallow
complexion
,
hee
had
a
terrible
look
,
his
eies
beeing
of
a
black
and
green
color
,
little
hair
,
and
thin
upon
his
head
,
his
beard
wors
furnished
;
hee
was
a
man
of
verie
few
words
,
in
his
Conversation
somwhat
too
strict
and
austere
,
seemingly
intemperate
in
his
diet
,
a
great
eater
,
but
drank
little
,
hee
spoke
Spanish
,
Arabick
,
and
Hebrew
.
It
never
was
known
directly
who
his
father
was
,
onely
hee
confessed
,
while
hee
was
under
the
lash
,
that
hee
was
a
Jew's
son
,
and
that
hee
was
Circumcised
,
but
never
Baptized
,
for
his
father
carried
him
into
Barberie
,
in
the
same
year
the
Jews
were
driven
out
of
Castilla
.
Hee
remained
in
this
Merchant's
hous
until
the
year
1516
,
which
was
four
years
:
and
to
ingratiate
himself
the
more
with
his
Master
,
hee
told
him
,
thenceforwards
hee
would
call
himself
by
his
name
Iuan
de
Vilvao
.
But
the
Merchant
having
occasion
to
absent
himself
often
from
his
hous
,
leaving
his
wife
,
children
,
and
goods
,
all
in
charge
with
this
servant
,
one
time
at
his
return
from
Castilla
,
hee
was
told
by
his
neighbors
that
Iuan
de
Vilvao
,
his
man
,
was
a
slepperie
companion
,
and
that
in
his
absence
hee
was
too
familiar
with
his
wife
;
others
said
,
hee
had
abused
his
daughter
.
Hereupon
without
any
further
examination
,
hee
turned
him
presently
out
of
his
hous
,
not
declaring
anie
occasion
,
or
reason
hee
had
for
so
doing
,
becaus
hee
could
not
have
his
servant
punished
otherwise
,
without
bringing
his
own
honor
in
question
.
At
that
time
there
was
a
young
man
Corregidor
of
Oran
,
who
not
knowing
wherefore
the
Merchant
had
discarded
his
servant
Iuan
de
Vilvao
,
entertained
him
to
bee
his
Steward
.
The
Corregidor
having
a
handsom
young
wench
,
which
hee
kept
privately
in
his
hous
,
Iuan
de
Vilvao
used
all
means
possible
to
gain
her
acquaintance
and
affection
,
and
withall
to
persuade
her
to
learn
witchcraft
;
for
amongst
other
good
qualities
,
this
wicked
fellow
was
a
great
Practitioner
in
Negromancie
.
The
young
maid
beeing
little
pleased
with
his
sollicitations
,
resolved
at
last
to
acquaint
the
Corregidor
,
how
hee
importuned
her
,
and
that
hee
would
persuade
her
to
learn
witchcraft
,
but
chiefly
that
hee
had
made
her
promise
to
give
him
poison
,
that
so
they
two
might
with
more
freedom
enjoie
each
other's
affection
.
The
Corregidor
was
much
startled
and
amazed
hereat
,
for
hee
thought
his
hous
and
Paramour
as
secure
with
Iuan
de
Vilvao
,
as
if
hee
had
committed
her
to
the
custodie
of
an
Eunuch
,
and
therefore
hee
did
not
absolutely
credit
her
accusation
of
him
;
but
afterwards
observing
with
a
more
strict
eie
the
carriage
and
demeanure
of
his
●teward
,
hee
was
confirmed
and
satisfied
of
the
truth
,
especially
when
hee
found
the
spells
and
poison
which
he
was
to
use
.
Hee
committed
him
to
the
publick
Gaol
,
whence
upon
a
market
daie
hee
was
fetch
't
out
,
set
upon
an
Ass
,
with
his
sorceries
about
his
neck
,
and
whipped
through
all
the
principal
streets
of
the
Citie
.
The
people
were
all
astonished
that
hee
should
bee
so
close
a
villain
,
for
every
bodie
had
a
very
good
opinion
of
him
;
After
this
,
beeing
banished
Oran
,
hee
returned
into
Spain
,
and
dis-embarked
upon
the
Coast
of
Valencia
,
just
in
the
time
of
these
disastrous
troubles
.
Hee
,
by
his
juggling
inventions
,
begat
himself
a
great
esteem
and
credit
first
amongst
the
Confederates
of
Algecira
.
Afterwards
hee
came
to
Xativa
,
under
the
name
of
Don
Henrique
Manrique
de
Ribera
,
and
beeing
a
subtil
Impostor
,
and
the
Confederates
simple
,
and
besotted
with
passion
,
hee
wrought
so
much
upon
their
blinde
credulitie
,
that
they
made
him
their
General
,
and
by
little
and
little
hee
so
inveagled
them
that
they
held
him
for
their
God
,
and
their
King
.
Vicente
Periz
(
who
was
Captain
General
of
the
Confederate
Rebels
of
Valencia
)
made
great
submissions
to
him
,
saying
,
that
God
had
sent
him
to
give
them
libertie
,
and
that
hee
would
procure
them
much
monie
and
arms
.
Those
of
Xativa
adored
him
as
their
Redeemer
,
and
called
him
El
Encubierto
,
or
the
man
disguised
,
El
Encubiert●
.
saying
,
God
had
sent
him
for
the
redressing
of
the
oppressed
People
.
Hee
made
them
believ
that
hee
was
the
Prince
Don
Iohn
,
Son
to
the
Catholick
King
and
Queen
deceased
,
and
that
for
certain
●ecret
causes
and
Revelations
of
God's
Judgments
,
Iuan
de
Vilvao
.
it
was
convenient
for
him
not
to
bee
publickly
known
in
the
world
for
long
time
past
,
but
now
since
the
Kingdom
's
were
in
so
distressed
a
condition
,
and
in
so
great
necessitie
of
their
naturall
King
,
to
own
and
defend
them
,
and
settle
them
in
the
same
peaceable
Government
,
as
they
injoyed
during
his
Father's
Reign
,
hee
desired
to
reveal
himself
unto
them
,
and
that
it
was
God's
will
also
.
This
those
wretched
Confederates
beleiving
,
followed
and
honored
him
,
as
if
hee
had
been
their
God
.
Thus
having
gained
the
affection
and
esteem
of
these
Rebels
,
hee
conferred
with
divers
of
the
Citie
of
Valencia
,
of
la
Huerta
,
and
other
places
thereabouts
,
inticing
them
to
put
in
execution
what
that
Tyrant
,
Vicente
Periz
,
had
alreadie
moved
.
Hee
dealt
likewise
with
some
places
of
Aragon
,
and
Catalunia
(
which
were
alreadie
tottering
and
half
,
at
least
,
inclining
to
Commotion
,
ingaging
them
,
that
at
the
same
instant
(
if
possible
)
as
hee
should
make
his
Attempts
upon
Valencia
,
they
should
all
rise
in
arms
,
and
secure
those
parts
for
him
.
Within
Valencia
hee
had
his
intelligencers
,
and
instruments
,
whom
hee
imployed
to
murder
the
Marquis
of
Cenete
,
then
Governor
of
the
Citie
;
These
were
so
faithful
to
him
in
this
treacherous
design
,
that
hee
wanted
not
assistants
to
convey
him
over
the
walls
into
the
Citie
,
whereby
hee
might
the
better
contrive
his
plot
,
seeing
the
disposition
of
the
place
,
and
(
having
a
more
free
communication
with
the
inhabitants
)
allure
and
draw
to
his
byas
more
complices
,
to
strengthen
his
partie
,
and
execute
his
wicked
intention
.
This
was
so
cunningly
carried
,
that
if
God
had
not
otherwise
disposed
it
,
the
whole
Kingdom
at
that
time
ran
a
notable
hazard
of
beeing
absolutely
destroied
.
The
Citie
of
Valencia
(
as
I
have
told
you
)
beeing
in
so
miserable
a
condition
,
the
Religious
men
,
with
other
good
and
loial
people
,
went
to
petition
the
Marquis
of
Cenete
(
who
then
was
in
the
Camp
)
to
take
upon
him
the
Government
of
that
distressed
Citie
.
Which
hee
did
(
like
a
noble
man
as
hee
was
)
.
The
people
expressed
so
much
contentment
and
comfort
in
his
presence
,
that
in
all
the
Monasteries
and
Churches
,
they
sung
with
great
solemnitie
,
the
Te
Deum
laudamus
,
and
all
the
b●lls
rung
out
in
testimonie
of
an
universal
joie
.
The
Marquis
was
a
man
of
such
courage
and
resolution
,
that
when
,
throughout
the
whole
Citie
of
Valencia
,
no
bodie
durst
so
much
as
name
God
,
King
or
Iustice
,
hee
took
divers
of
the
rebellious
disturbers
and
hanged
them
.
So
that
they
began
to
bee
affraid
,
and
sculked
in
corners
.
Soon
after
having
notice
of
a
band
of
these
Confederates
,
which
were
fled
from
Valencia
,
hee
marched
out
against
them
,
and
meeting
them
about
Monviedro
,
hee
brought
away
their
Colors
,
having
routed
and
put
them
all
to
flight
.
Amongst
divers
great
hazards
which
the
Marquis
ran
of
losing
his
life
,
by
the
insolence
or
treacherie
of
these
Confederates
,
one
I
shall
give
in
particular
;
A
monstrous
disorderly
multitude
of
these
wretches
beeing
gathered
together
in
Valencia
,
fell
like
a
furious
storm
upon
the
Marquis
his
hous
,
with
huge
clamorous
out-cries
and
●lashing
of
weapons
,
not
understanding
each
other's
minde
,
nor
knowing
what
they
would
have
.
The
Marquis
hearing
the
nois
,
went
down
to
quiet
the
tumult
,
beeing
well
provided
and
attended
,
but
his
Ladie
seeing
him
engaged
amongst
a
throng
of
such
vile
respectless
people
,
and
fearing
lest
hee
should
bee
murthered
by
them
,
took
such
a
fright
,
that
her
weak
Constitution
beeing
not
able
to
resist
the
violence
of
that
sudden
apprehension
,
shee
presently
expired
.
Vicente
Periz
Captain
of
the
Rebells
,
with
a
numerous
Armie
intrenched
himself
and
planted
his
Cannon
within
sight
of
Valencia
,
where
hee
remained
som
time
:
In
his
Camp
hee
had
a
bell
,
at
the
sound
whereof
a
numberless
gang
of
thievs
,
such
as
his
Armie
was
composed
of
,
ran
out
of
the
Citie
to
him
:
And
had
not
the
Marquis
been
very
circumspect
,
without
question
they
had
suprised
the
Citie
;
but
finding
little
probabilitie
of
effecting
their
design
upon
Valencia
,
they
marched
towards
Monviedro
,
thinking
to
make
the
Vice-Roy
rais
his
siege
thence
,
but
within
two
daies
after
Monviedro
was
surrendered
to
him
(
which
was
of
no
small
importance
)
for
thereby
hee
had
an
open
and
free
passage
to
receiv
succour
out
of
Castilla
.
The
Marquis
hearing
that
the
Confederates
were
marched
towards
Monviedro
with
their
Cannon
,
and
having
intelligence
of
their
intentions
,
followed
them
(
but
with
no
considerable
force
)
and
meeting
some
of
his
own
foot
companies
,
which
having
been
much
galled
by
their
Cannon
and
small
shot
,
were
retreating
towards
Valencia
quite
disheartned
,
hee
strove
to
incourage
them
as
well
as
hee
could
,
representing
to
them
the
service
of
God
and
their
King
;
but
prevailing
not
with
them
,
howëver
he●
advanced
and
set
upon
the
enemie
,
crying
aloud
,
Let
the
King
live
,
and
the
Traytors
die
,
and
without
fear
of
their
muskets
or
Cannon
,
which
played
fiercely
upon
him
,
hee
charged
into
the
middest
of
them
,
God
(
whose
caus
hee
fought
)
preserving
him
,
and
striking
their
baser
hearts
with
fear
,
insomuch
that
hee
had
them
all
at
his
mercie
.
Yet
his
nobleness
and
generositie
was
such
(
though
they
deserved
it
not
)
that
hee
commanded
his
men
(
who
were
very
busie
in
killing
)
to
forbear
further
execution
,
crying
out
,
Let
them
not
die
,
let
them
not
die
:
having
thus
quite
routed
these
Mutiniers
,
hee
returned
to
Valencia
with
the
spoil
,
and
all
their
Artillerie
,
where
hee
was
received
with
joy
and
tears
.
The
Vice-Roy
afterwards
,
beeing
before
Xativa
,
with
intent
to
reduce
it
to
the
Emperor's
subjection
,
the
Rebels
dealt
so
cunningly
with
some
of
his
Souldiers
(
who
sowed
the
same
dissention
in
his
Camp
,
as
was
within
the
Town
)
that
by
certain
signs
they
understood
each
others
intentions
,
and
they
agreed
at
one
and
the
same
time
to
fall
upon
the
Loyall
Partie
,
and
murther
them
;
and
having
taken
their
Artillerie
,
to
storm
Valencia
,
sack
it
,
and
kill
all
that
were
for
the
Emperor
in
it
.
This
conspiracie
was
discovered
,
but
there
was
no
remedie
to
hinder
it
,
neither
in
the
Vice-Roy's
Camp
,
nor
in
Valencia
;
for
the
Confederates
were
very
numerous
and
the
Loyall
P●●sons
but
a
small
Partie
;
The
Marquis
,
at
the
intreatie
of
the
honest
people
of
Valencia
,
went
to
the
Vice-Roy's
Camp
before
Xativa
,
where
hee
found
more
disorder
then
was
reported
,
and
the
infection
less
curable
then
hee
imagined
.
The
sign
that
these
Conspirators
had
agreed
upon
,
was
,
that
in
the
night
at
a
certain
hour
those
of
the
Camp
should
cry
out
,
Paie
,
Paie
,
Mutinie
,
Mutinie
,
and
those
within
the
Citie
should
answer
,
Paie
,
Paie
,
Mutinie
,
Mutinie
.
The
Vice-Roy
and
the
Gentlemen
with
him
in
the
Camp
,
desired
the
Marquis
to
venter
himself
,
and
indeavor
by
going
into
the
Citie
,
and
reasoning
with
the
people
,
to
defer
the
execution
of
this
horrid
treason
:
Although
it
seemed
an
act
of
great
timeritie
(
as
indeed
it
was
)
for
him
to
expose
him●elf
to
the
furie
of
a
●eople
so
mutinous
,
and
bent
upon
mischief
,
yet
the
Marquis
valorously
did
as
hee
was
required
:
And
it
was
miraculous
,
how
his
presence
and
fair
deportment
pacified
the
inhabitants
minds
,
and
brought
them
to
submit
to
reason
.
The
Adversaries
beeing
mad
at
the
good
success
the
Marquis
had
wrought
within
Xativa
,
conspired
how
Vicente
Periz
,
their
Captain
might
secretly
convey
himself
into
the
Citie
,
and
gathering
as
manie
of
the
people
,
as
hee
could
,
together
,
apprehend
the
Marquis
.
This
was
effected
,
and
Vicente
Periz
with
a
multitude
of
well
armed
men
went
to
assault
the
Marquis
,
who
beeing
but
slenderly
provided
,
and
weakly
attended
,
and
seeing
a
squadron
of
these
thievs
advance
towards
him
,
dissembled
,
and
made
as
if
hee
knew
them
not
,
asking
them
thus
,
Are
you
our
friends
?
do
you
com
to
serv
the
King
?
To
which
they
answered
neither
yea
,
nor
no
,
but
seemed
to
bee
daunted
at
the
very
sight
of
the
Marquis
.
Hereupon
with
much
seeming
affection
hee
spake
aloud
,
Nay
then
my
boies
,
Viva
el
Rey
;
viva
el
Rey
;
which
said
,
hee
fell
upon
them
,
and
took
away
their
Arms.
Presently
upon
this
the
rest
of
the
enemies
discovered
themselvs
,
and
began
to
fight
,
discharging
their
Cross-bows
and
Musket-shots
as
thick
as
hail
against
the
Marquis
and
his
men
,
which
the
Marquis
seeing
,
hee
cried
with
a
loud
voice
,
O
you
Traitors
!
now
force
is
requisite
;
and
flinging
down
his
staff
,
hee
took
a
pike
,
and
saying
,
God
preserv
the
King
,
and
let
the
Traitors
die
;
hee
fell
in
amongst
them
,
fighting
so
desperately
,
that
before
his
men
could
com
to
second
him
,
hee
had
made
them
turn
their
backs
,
but
at
last
being
over-powered
and
wounded
in
the
left
arm
,
hee
was
taken
prisoner
,
and
carried
by
the
people
into
the
Castle
,
where
at
that
time
the
Duke
of
Calabria
was
also
prisoner
,
who
received
the
Marquis
with
much
honor
.
The
Marquis
was
afterwards
put
into
a
Dungeon
under
St
George's
tower
,
where
they
kept
him
close
prisoner
som
time
,
thinking
thereby
to
make
the
Vice-Roy
,
his
brother
,
condescend
to
what
they
listed
:
But
at
last
hee
was
released
,
and
perceiving
the
Countrie
to
bee
infected
beyond
hope
of
remedie
,
hee
retired
to
his
own
hous
.
Those
of
Valencia
found
a
great
miss
of
him
,
and
seeing
most
of
the
people
of
the
Citie
becom
of
the
Confederacie
,
Vicente
Periz
having
possessed
himself
of
la
Huerta
,
and
other
places
thereabouts
,
the
Iurates
,
and
Chapter
of
the
Church
called
el
Asseu
,
sent
to
beseech
him
,
that
hee
would
bee
pleased
to
condole
the
miserie
of
that
Citie
,
and
bee
tender
of
the
King's
service
.
The
Marquis
was
at
Ayora
,
a
town
of
his
,
&
upon
receipt
of
this
message
,
hee
took
his
waie
towards
Valencia
.
Thursdaie
27
Februarie
,
1522
,
the
Tyrant
Vicente
Perez
,
trusting
to
the
multitude
of
his
partie
within
the
Citie
,
took
the
boldness
to
enter
into
Valencia
,
with
intention
to
plunder
it
,
and
kill
all
that
should
resist
him
,
and
having
intrenched
and
fortified
himself
within
the
walls
to
that
effect
,
it
struck
great
terrour
into
the
loial
partie
.
But
the
Marquis
,
well
Armed
,
came
to
a
large
place
,
called
la
Placa
del
Asseu
,
and
caused
to
bee
rung
that
bell
,
which
they
used
to
ring
in
Uproars
,
to
the
end
all
those
of
the
loial
partie
might
repair
thither
to
him
;
where
hee
staied
until
noon
,
having
used
all
fair
means
possible
to
pacifie
without
blood-shed
the
advers
partie
;
but
seeing
nothing
could
avail
,
hee
took
a
view
of
his
men
,
and
what
Arms
they
had
;
and
finding
his
no
competent
force
to
encounter
Vicente
Periz
,
who
had
made
himself
very
strong
;
hee
betook
himself
to
his
invention
and
policie
,
which
succeeded
so
advantagiously
,
that
Vicente
Periz
came
short
of
his
design
,
all
his
men
beeing
dis-banded
,
and
returned
to
their
own
dwellings
.
This
was
a
happie
daie
for
Valencia
,
for
if
Periz
his
plot
had
taken
,
hee
had
been
absolute
master
of
the
whole
Citie
;
and
ever
after
,
that
daie
was
called
the
Thursdaie
of
Vicente
Periz
:
Yet
staying
within
the
Citie
hee
rallied
again
,
and
what
with
those
of
Valencia
,
what
with
the
fresh
supplies
which
were
sent
him
from
Xativa
,
and
Algezira
,
by
the
disguised
Prince
Don
Iuan
,
or
Iuan
de
Vilvao
,
who
went
thither
to
that
purpose
:
Hee
was
so
strongly
recruited
,
that
hee
gave
the
Marquis
Battle
in
the
streets
of
Valencia
,
and
had
won
the
daie
undoubtedly
,
if
the
Marquis
had
not
shewed
as
much
policie
as
resolution
.
In
the
Combate
the
Marquis
pursuing
Vicente
Periz
(
who
was
glad
to
take
his
heels
)
was
knocked
down
by
a
great
pot
full
of
earth
,
which
a
woman
flung
from
the
top
of
a
hous
upon
his
head
,
which
though
it
killed
him
not
out-right
,
did
stun
and
bruis
him
very
sore
:
Hee
was
presently
taken
up
again
by
his
servants
,
but
his
partie
supposing
him
to
bee
dead
,
lost
courage
,
and
withal
the
advantage
they
had
gained
of
the
enem●e
:
which
hee
perceiving
,
assoon
as
hee
was
com
again
to
himself
,
ran
amongst
them
,
saying
,
If
the
Marquis
bee
dead
,
the
King
is
alive
.
These
words
put
new
vigor
into
the
hearts
of
his
despairing
men
,
who
following
the
Marquis
,
gave
a
fresh
charge
to
the
Confederates
,
so
hot
,
that
they
were
glad
to
hous
themselvs
,
which
proved
no
Sanctuarie
,
for
there
they
were
killed
and
taken
,
not
beeing
able
to
make
resistance
.
Vicente
Periz
had
his
head
presently
struck
off
.
This
Victorie
quieted
the
Citie
of
Valencia
,
which
was
so
infected
with
the
poison
of
Rebellion
,
that
in
the
very
Cloisters
and
Monasteries
,
there
was
as
much
division
and
passion
as
elswhere
;
insomuch
that
one
part
praied
God
to
favor
the
Confederates
,
the
other
to
give
the
Cavaliers
the
Victorie
.
The
disguised
Prince
exspected
a
quite
contrarie
success
,
hoping
by
the
death
of
the
Marquis
,
and
the
routing
of
his
partie
,
to
reign
victoriously
in
Valencia
;
but
God
,
Iuan
de
Vilvao
,
or
the
disguised
Prince
executed
by
the
Ma●quis
of
C●nete
in
V●l●ncia
.
who
had
otherwise
decreed
the
Event
,
made
him
likewise
fall
into
the
hands
of
the
Marquis
the
19th
of
Maie
,
1522
,
who
commanded
him
to
bee
hanged
,
drawn
and
quartered
,
and
his
head
to
bee
set
upon
the
point
of
Lance.
And
thus
that
villanous
head
was
crowned
,
who
of
an
infamous
Jew
,
and
abominable
Sorcerer
,
would
have
made
himself
King
of
Spain
.
After
this
grew
several
other
Commotions
in
that
Kingdom
,
but
nothing
near
so
dangerous
;
which
I
shall
omit
now
to
particularize
,
in
regard
I
am
called
away
by
those
of
Castilla
.
SECT.
XXXVI
.
THe
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
and
other
Mountaniers
,
infected
the
people
of
the
Mountains
of
Burgos
,
as
far
as
Alava
and
Vitoria
,
with
other
places
of
la
Rioxa
;
and
Burgos
was
very
near
revolting
also
.
All
which
was
opposed
by
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
not
becaus
the
Emperor
commanded
him
so
to
do
(
for
hee
received
no
orders
from
his
Majestie
to
that
effect
till
afterwards
)
but
moved
with
the
magnanimitie
of
his
own
generous
spirit
,
and
the
sens
of
Loialtie
,
which
was
Hereditarie
to
that
noble
familie
.
I
do
not
finde
that
any
of
the
Grandees
of
Castilla
were
very
forward
to
break
the
ice
in
this
undertaking
,
though
afterwards
,
like
honest
men
,
they
all
set
their
helping
hands
.
The
Lord
High
Constable
at
first
prudently
feared
the
Event
,
and
was
loth
to
engage
himself
in
so
perillous
an
enterprise
,
hazarding
no
less
then
his
life
and
whole
estate
,
in
endeavouring
to
oppose
so
manie
,
especially
without
arms
,
monie
,
or
order
from
the
Emperor
.
For
the
enemies
were
very
manie
and
powerful
,
no
less
then
thirteen
of
the
most
considerable
Cities
of
Castilla
,
with
divers
other
Towns
and
Villages
,
beeing
declared
for
the
Commonaltie
;
besides
that
many
Gentlemen
of
qualitie
&
great
estates
(
much
animated
against
the
Emperor
and
his
Ministers
)
had
involved
themselvs
in
the
same
Interest
.
It
was
an
attempt
of
so
much
consideration
and
danger
,
that
the
other
Grandees
thought
it
the
best
way
(
seeing
they
were
not
able
to
do
otherwise
)
to
sit
still
and
look
on
,
and
manie
of
them
advised
the
Lord
High
Constable
to
do
the
like
.
But
his
Ladie
Donia
Maria
de
Tovar
,
onely
daughter
and
heir
to
Don
Luis
de
Tovar
,
Marquis
of
Berlanga
,
beeing
one
of
the
discreetest
and
most
magnanimous
Ladies
in
all
Spain
of
her
time
,
was
not
of
the
opinion
of
those
that
gave
her
husband
that
Counsel
;
but
she
never
ceased
,
representing
to
him
the
advancement
of
his
Majestie
's
service
,
and
that
for
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
,
hee
ought
to
resist
and
suppress
the
exorbitances
of
the
insulting
Commoners
,
although
hee
put
himself
to
the
hazard
of
losing
both
life
and
fortune
,
in
regard
hee
bare
the
Office
of
Lord
High
Constable
,
Captain
General
,
and
the
second
person
of
the
Kingdom
next
his
Majestie
.
The
Dutchess
beeing
at
her
own
hous
at
Haro
,
wrote
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
her
husband
,
this
ensuing
Letter
,
which
is
worthie
to
bee
Chronicled
.
The
Dutchesse's
letter
to
the
Lord
high
Constable
.
YOur
Letter
I
received
by
Pedro
de
Velasco
.
And
my
opinion
is
,
since
his
Majestie
from
the
place
where
hee
is
doth
what
hee
can
,
to
give
you
his
power
and
Revenue
here
,
That
you
determine
to
preserv
it
.
For
if
hee
lose
his
right
,
no
wonder
if
you
,
and
all
those
,
that
have
done
what
they
were
obliged
to
do
,
bee
dispossest
of
your's
;
But
if
you
maintain
his
interest
,
you
and
his
other
Servants
will
bee
all
secured
.
That
which
(
in
my
judgment
)
your
Lordship
and
the
Lord
Admiral
are
now
to
do
,
is
to
raise
men
and
monie
with
all
possible
expedition
and
trie
your
fortunes
.
I
write
to
Pedro
de
Melgosa
to
use
all
means
and
shifts
,
that
may
bee
,
to
procure
you
monie
.
The
greater
the
danger
,
more
glorious
is
the
attempt
.
Trust
in
our
Lord
God
,
for
since
herein
you
doe
both
him
and
the
King
service
,
bee
confident
hee
will
bee
favourable
,
and
give
a
blessing
to
your
indeavors
.
So
,
becaus
I
intend
to
write
more
at
large
to
you
by
the
Treasurer
,
I
rest
,
praying
God
to
preserv
your
Lordship's
most
Illustrious
person
,
with
more
tenderness
then
I
wish
to
my self
.
From
Haro
this
19th
of
June
,
1520.
Finis
Libri
Tertii
.
THE
CIVIL
WARS
OF
SPAIN
.
THE
FOURTH
BOOK
.
SECT.
I.
THere
is
no
Republick
,
or
Change
of
Government
whatsoëver
so
barbarous
,
as
to
bee
ignorant
how
important
and
necessarie
a
Cement
Concord
is
to
make
it
long
subsist
.
Wherefore
those
of
the
Iunta
dreading
(
and
not
without
caus
)
the
dange●
wherein
they
stood
,
desired
the
Citie
of
Valladolid
to
agree
and
bee
all
of
one
heart
:
for
the
high
consequence
of
the
matter
wherein
they
were
ingaged
,
did
require
it
,
promising
them
that
within
few
daies
they
should
see
the
Ordinances
,
which
with
incessant
labor
and
watching
,
the
Holie
Iunta
had
agreed
to
publish
and
dispers
through
the
whole
Kingdom
,
whereby
they
hoped
to
make
that
Republick
flourish
,
as
one
of
the
most
happie
and
best
governed
in
the
whole
world
.
The
people
were
big
with
glorious
hopes
of
injoying
a
second
golden
Age
;
and
those
of
the
Iunta
were
so
well
pleased
with
the
thanks
and
applaus
of
the
People
,
that
their
Ordinances
beeing
finished
;
they
resolved
to
send
them
to
the
Emperor
,
by
two
Gentlemen
and
a
Frier
,
not
doubting
but
therefore
his
Majestie
would
confer
som
honorable
dignities
upon
them
.
But
what
these
were
,
I
will
not
mention
,
onely
I
may
say
,
that
hee
was
so
incensed
at
their
message
,
that
they
held
it
a
great
mercie
they
escaped
with
their
lives
.
They
wrote
moreover
a
kinde
of
requisitorie
letter
for
the
Cities
and
Towns
where
their
Embassadors
were
to
pass
,
and
therein
they
inclosed
their
Letters
to
the
Emperor
,
with
the
Articles
and
Ordinances
,
which
in
the
name
of
the
Kingdom
,
they
desired
his
Majestie
to
confirm
;
and
though
already
I
have
declared
the
substance
thereof
,
I
will
set
them
down
in
the
same
form
they
sent
them
;
that
the
curious
and
patient
may
read
and
see
the
pretensions
of
the
Commonalties
,
and
what
the
Kingdom
demanded
.
Let
every
one
judg
what
reason
they
had
,
for
my
own
part
,
I
will
neither
excuse
nor
condemn
them
,
but
onely
relate
faithfully
the
truth
,
which
is
as
much
as
can
bee
required
of
mee
,
considering
my
office
.
In
their
Letters
to
the
Emperor
,
they
give
his
Maj●stie
an
account
of
all
the
troubles
and
insurrections
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
they
told
him
,
proceeded
from
the
evil
Counsel
which
his
Majestie
entertained
about
his
Roial
Person
,
who
,
for
their
disordinate
Covetousness
,
private
passions
and
interests
,
besides
other
sinister
ends
(
they
said
)
might
more
properly
bee
styled
the
Deceivers
,
Cheaters
,
and
Enemies
of
his
Majestie
's
Kingdoms
,
and
the
publick
good
thereof
,
then
Counsellors
,
such
as
they
ought
to
bee
.
For
they
were
the
occasion
that
the
Kingdom
of
Castilla
,
which
abounded
in
riches
,
and
all
other
things
that
could
bee
required
of
the
most
opulent
and
flourishing
Kingdoms
of
the
World
,
was
now
beecom
the
poorest
and
most
miserable
of
all
the
neighboring
Kingdoms
:
Which
did
not
onely
concern
the
publick
,
but
was
also
particularly
prejudicial
to
his
Majestie
's
Roial
Patrimonie
,
and
which
was
insufferable
,
That
the
desolation
of
his
Majestie
's
Kingdoms
,
and
the
exhausting
of
his
treasure
,
to
his
own
exceeding
inconvenience
,
and
the
ruine
of
his
subjects
,
was
to
no
other
purpose
,
then
to
enrich
his
evil
Counsellors
,
and
divers
other
persons
strangers
,
who
bare
no
affection
to
his
Majestie
,
nor
had
any
zeal
to
advance
his
service
,
or
the
publick
good
,
but
to
build
their
own
fortunes
.
Next
they
complained
that
the
Commissioners
of
several
Cities
(
who
desired
his
Majestie
in
the
name
of
the
Kingdom
,
at
Santjago
and
the
Groyn
,
not
to
demand
any
Subsidies
)
were
by
his
Counsel
sentenced
rather
worthie
of
punishment
then
audience
,
and
order
given
,
that
they
should
not
bee
admitted
to
sit
in
Parlament
,
but
bee
confined
and
banished
,
som
of
them
to
the
remotest
parts
of
the
Kingdom
.
That
since
his
Majestie
's
departure
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
the
Cardinal
,
with
the
President
,
and
rest
of
the
Council
,
had
given
Commissions
to
Antonio
de
Fonseca
,
and
the
Alcalde
Ronquillo
,
to
sack
and
make
desolate
the
Citie
of
Segovia
,
notwithstanding
they
sent
to
excuse
and
submit
themselvs
to
the
Council
,
and
that
becaus
of
their
so
rigorous
proceeding
,
they
sent
to
Toledo
,
and
other
Cities
,
for
assistance
,
who
before
they
raised
any
forces
to
succour
them
,
desired
the
Cardinal
and
Council
by
waie
of
Petition
to
deal
more
favorably
with
those
of
Segovia
,
but
receiving
no
satisfactorie
answer
,
they
sent
an
Armie
into
the
field
.
They
aggravated
the
crueltie
of
Antonio
de
Fonseca
in
burning
Medina
,
whereby
the
Town
was
endammaged
above
two
millions
of
Ducates
,
and
which
occasioned
the
rising
of
divers
other
places
.
They
declared
how
the
Queen
had
commanded
the
Iunta
to
remove
from
Avila
to
Tordesillas
.
That
they
had
undertaken
the
care
of
the
Queen's
person
,
and
put
the
Marquis
of
Denia
and
his
Ladie
from
her
,
holding
them
destructive
to
the
advancement
of
the
publick
good
.
They
alleged
reasons
for
dissolving
the
Council
,
which
his
Majestie
had
settled
before
his
departure
.
And
why
they
paied
their
Armie
out
of
his
Majestie●s
Revenues
.
At
last
they
desired
his
Majestie
would
bee
pleased
to
grant
and
confirm
all
those
Articles
,
which
their
Embassadors
should
present
him
from
the
Kingdom
,
the
intent
and
scope
of
them
beeing
meerly
for
his
good
,
and
the
peaceable
Government
,
by
regulating
and
repairing
the
miseries
and
great
dammages
that
had
been
occasioned
through
the
evil
Counsel
of
those
,
which
thitherto
had
abused
and
mis-led
his
Majest●e
;
urging
moreover
,
that
for
the
benefit
of
the
Publick
,
and
the
improving
of
his
Roial
Patrimonie
,
it
was
necessarie
and
expedient
,
that
until
such
time
as
his
Majestie
should
appoint
other
persons
of
better
temper
,
and
uprighter
intentions
to
reside
in
his
High
Council
then
the
former
were
,
his
Majestie
should
give
power
to
those
Cities
and
Towns
,
which
had
Vote
in
Parlament
,
to
provide
and
see
to
the
Administration
of
Justice
,
and
other
things
wherein
those
of
his
Council
ought
to
have
been
more
circumspect
and
moderate
.
And
also
,
that
hee
would
revoke
the
Commissions
and
Autoritie
which
hee
had
sent
to
the
,
then
ruling
,
Governors
,
becaus
they
were
men
whom
the
Kingdom
could
not
endure
.
Besides
this
letter
to
the
Emperor
,
they
sent
another
to
those
of
the
Citie
where
hee
then
was
,
desiring
them
to
join
with
them
in
supplication
to
his
Majestie
,
and
procure
his
consent
and
approbation
of
all
the
Kingdom
's
desires
,
in
regard
they
tended
to
his
Majestie
's
service
,
the
publick
good
of
the
Kingdom
,
the
increasing
of
his
Roial
Patrimonie
,
and
were
exceedingly
conducing
to
a
peaceable
and
quiet
government
.
Dated
from
Tordesillas
the
20th
of
October
,
1520.
Under
the
the
Letter
was
written
,
I
,
Lope
de
Pallares
,
Secretarie
of
the
Parlament
and
Iunta
of
the
Kingdom
,
caused
this
to
bee
written
by
their
Command
.
SECT
▪
II.
ARTICLES
Of
The
KINGDOM
.
DON
CARLOS
and
DONIA
IUANA
,
&c.
To
our
Infantes
,
well-beloved
Children
,
Brothers
and
Dukes
,
Greeting
.
Know
yee
,
that
for
the
remedying
and
repairing
the
great
dammages
and
exorbitancies
,
which
have
been
and
are
in
our
Kingdoms
of
Castilla
and
Leon
,
by
reason
of
the
former
evil
Counsel
and
Government
of
our
said
Kingdoms
,
The
Commissioners
or
Procuradores
of
those
Cities
and
Towns
that
have
Vote
in
Parlament
,
are
assembled
as
becometh
our
Loial
Subjects
and
Servants
,
with
zeal
to
our
servic●
and
the
publick
good
of
our
Kingdoms
,
fulfilling
that
which
the
Laws
of
our
Kingdoms
oblige
them
to
do
;
And
by
special
Command
from
us
,
the
Queen
,
are
com
to
Tordesillas
,
to
take
care
and
provide
for
the
reparation
and
remedie
of
the
said
dammages
and
exorbitancies
;
To
which
effect
they
have
made
and
ordeined
certain
Articles
,
which
are
conducing
and
expedient
for
our
service
,
the
good
Government
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
increasing
of
the
Revenue
and
Partrimonie
Roial
.
The
Tenor
whereof
is
as
followeth
:
MOST
HIGH
AND
MIGHTIE
CATHOLICK
PRINCES
,
QUEEN
AND
KING
OUR
SOVEREIGNS
,
That
which
the
Cities
,
Towns
,
Villages
,
Commonalties
,
and
Natives
of
your
Kingdom
of
Castilla
and
Leon
,
do
desires
your
Majesties
will
bee
pleased
to
grant
for
a
perpetual
Law
,
is
here
ensuing
:
That
which
concern's
his
MAIESTIES
ROIAL
PERSON
.
FIrst
,
These
Kingdoms
humblie
supplicate
your
Majestie
will
bee
pleased
speedily
to
return
into
these
Kingdoms
,
and
beeing
com
,
to
remain
ruling
and
governing
them
.
For
staying
here
your
Majestie
may
give
Laws
and
Command
over
the
whole
World
,
as
your
Predecessors
have
done
:
And
nothing
of
all
that
which
they
desire
of
your
Majestie
will
bee
so
pleasing
to
these
Kingdoms
(
although
you
should
grant
them
much
more
,
for
they
hope
your
Majestie
will
condescend
to
all
these
things
)
then
your
speedie
coming
to
them
.
For
it
is
not
the
custom
of
Castilla
,
to
bee
without
their
King
,
neither
can
they
b●e
governed
by
others
in
peace
and
quiet
,
which
is
very
necessarie
for
your
Royal
service
.
Item
,
These
Kingdoms
humbly
beseech
your
Majestie
at
your
return
,
to
bee
pleased
to
marrie
,
it
beeing
necessarie
for
the
universal
good
of
these
Kingdoms
,
that
there
should
bee
some
issue
to
succeed
your
Royal
Person
,
as
they
desire
,
your
Majestie
's
age
now
requiring
it
.
And
that
you
would
bee
pleased
to
take
a
wife
according
to
the
Vote
and
good
l●king
of
these
your
Kingdoms
,
for
so
shee
shall
bee
of
some
Countrie
in
amitie
with
them
,
as
is
most
convenient
for
your
service
and
the
contentment
of
your
Royal
Person
.
That
which
concern's
the
Royal
Familie
.
THat
our
Ladie
and
Sovereign
the
Queen's
Royal
hous
bee
put
in
such
order
and
estate
,
as
is
becoming
her
Royal
Person
,
and
the
honor
of
these
Kingdoms
.
That
the
Officers
about
her
bee
persons
of
qualitie
.
That
her
hous
bee
sufficiently
provided
of
all
thing
befitting
her
dignitie
,
for
so
her
Highn●ss
will
bee
well
pleased
with
these
Kingdoms
,
and
they
obliged
.
Item
,
That
his
Majestie
would
bee
pleased
at
his
return
into
these
Kingdoms
,
to
bring
neither
Flemings
,
French
,
nor
other
strangers
whatsoëver
,
to
bear
any
Office
in
his
Royal
Familie
.
But
that
hee
would
confer
all
such
Offices
upon
Natives
of
these
Kingdoms
,
there
beeing
multitudes
of
able
and
sufficient
persons
,
who
will
serv
his
Majestie
with
much
affection
and
loyaltie
,
and
that
his
heirs
and
successors
for
ever
should
continue
the
like
order
.
Item
,
That
neither
his
Majestie
,
nor
his
successors
,
bring
in
,
or
entertain
any
forreign
souldiers
for
the
guard
of
their
Persons
or
defens
of
their
Kingdoms
,
in
regard
there
are
war-like
and
courageous
men
enough
amongst
the
Natives
,
not
onely
to
defend
their
own
Countrie
,
but
to
conquer
others
,
as
they
had
done
heretofore
.
Item
,
That
his
Majestie
beeing
in
these
Kingdoms
,
and
having
none
but
Natives
about
him
,
would
bee
pleased
to
order
his
Familie
in
all
respects
as
Don
Fernando
,
his
grandfather
,
and
Donia
Isabel
his
Queen
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Catholick
King
's
,
his
Progenitors
of
glorious
memorie
,
had
done
before
him
.
For
in
so
doing
hee
would
save
a
number
of
unnecessarie
expences
which
were
made
in
his
table
and
houshold
;
and
this
would
palpably
appear
,
for
his
Majestie
will
find
that
in
the
dishes
for
his
own
table
,
and
those
that
are
made
for
the
f●vorites
and
great
persons
of
his
familie
,
is
daiely
spent
one
hundred
and
fiftie
thousand
Maravediz
,
and
that
the
table-expences
of
Don
Fernando
the
King
and
Donia
Isabel
(
who
were
excellent
and
powerfull
Princes
)
besides
the
Prince
Don
Iohn
(
whom
God
receiv
in
his
glorie
)
and
the
Infantes
,
with
a
multitude
of
attendants
,
amounted
to
no
more
then
twelv
or
fifteen
thousand
Maravediz
,
per
diem
.
And
hence
proceed's
his
Majestie
's
wants
,
and
the
impoverishing
of
the
People
and
Commonalties
,
by
●ubsidies
and
other
taxes
imposed
upon
them
.
Item
,
In
regard
it
hath
been
,
and
is
a
very
excessive
charge
,
to
allow
wages
to
such
as
are
not
domestick's
,
That
hence-fo●wards
there
bee
no
Salaries
given
to
any
Courtier
's
wives
,
or
children
,
or
any
other
persons
whatsoëver
,
no●
in
immediate
service
,
or
shortly
to
bee
entertained
and
admitted
.
But
if
any
man
should
die
in
his
Majestie
's
service
,
in
satisfaction
or
equivalence
thereof
,
hee
might
allow
a
pension
or
stipend
to
the
wife
or
children
of
the
deceased
,
although
they
bee
not
of
age
to
serv.
Item
,
In
regard
after
the
most
●llustrious
Queen
,
our
Ladie
Donia
Isabel
his
Majestie
's
Grandmother
,
was
taken
with
the
sickness
,
whereof
shee
died
,
divers
superfluous
offices
were
crept
into
the
Royal
Familie
,
which
never
were
before
,
That
whosoëver
injoyed
any
such
office
or
offices
,
might
forthwith
bee
discarded
,
and
bee
allowed
no
Salarie
:
And
all
such
superfluous
expences
bee
imployed
for
necessarie
uses
,
more
conducing
to
his
Majestie
's
service
.
Item
,
That
in
his
Majestie
's
houshold
no
Grandee
might
have
any
office
concerning
the
Revenue
or
Royal
Patrimonie
,
and
if
any
enjoy
any
such
office
at
present
,
that
it
maie
bee
taken
from
them
.
For
this
is
very
inconvenient
,
and
maie
greatly
impaire
the
said
Patrimonie
and
Royal
Revenue
.
Item
,
That
during
his
Majestie
's
absence
from
these
Kingdoms
his
houshold
officers
,
and
other
persons
,
who
have
relation
or
attendance
upon
his
Majestie
,
bee
payed
out
of
the
Royal
Revenue
.
Concerning
GOVERNORS
.
THat
,
In
regard
in
his
Majestie
's
absence
it
is
requisite
to
have
one
or
more
Governors
in
the
Kingdom
,
such
Governor
or
Governors
might
bee
Natives
of
the
Kingdoms
of
Castilla
and
Leon
,
appointed
and
chosen
with
consent
of
the
Kingdoms
,
and
that
with
their
beeing
Natives
may
concur
the
other
qualities
,
which
by
the
Law
established
by
the
King
Don
Alonso
,
called
,
Ley
de
La
Partida
,
is
required
.
That
the
said
Law
may
bee
observed
and
fulfilled
to
perpetuitie
;
As
also
the
Order
of
Election
and
Provision
,
with
the
Conditions
which
dispose
in
what
case
a
Governor
or
Governors
are
to
bee
chosen
,
as
in
respect
of
minoritie
,
absence
,
or
whatsoëver
other
occasion
.
Item
,
that
the
Provisions
,
Orders
or
Commissions
which
his
Majestie
had
given
in
those
Kingdoms
,
contrarie
to
the
above
specified
form
,
might
be
declared
void
,
and
that
hee
would
command
those
and
every
of
those
Governors
,
whom
hee
had
autorized
,
to
forbear
the
execution
of
that
office
.
Item
,
that
the
Governor
or
Governors
,
beeing
constituted
in
the
abovesaid
manner
and
form
,
may
bee
invested
with
power
to
confer
dignities
,
offices
,
administration
of
Justice
,
and
to
redress
grievances
:
And
this
not
onely
in
the
Kingdoms
of
Castilla
,
but
also
in
the
Isles
and
firm
land
alreadie
discovered
,
or
to
bee
discovered
,
and
that
they
provide
them
within
ten
daies
.
That
they
may
present
Dignities
and
places
Vacant
,
and
do
as
much
therein
,
as
the
King
himself
in
person
,
but
not
give
any
g●ft
or
gratuitie
out
of
the
Royal
Patrimonie
,
nor
any
t●ing
thereunto
belonging
.
Concerning
BILLETS
.
THe
lodging
by
Billets
(
which
is
practised
no
where
neither
amongst
Infidels
nor
Christians
,
but
in
this
Kingdom
)
beeing
a
thing
most
exorbitant
,
and
whence
have
proceeded
and
do
proceed
inconveniences
and
dammages
so
excessive
,
that
a
small
volume
cannot
contain
them
,
and
his
Majestie
's
subjects
suffer
thereby
not
a
little
,
aswell
in
their
honors
and
lives
,
as
in
their
estates
,
That
for
ever
henceforth
they
may
bee
freed
from
so
abominable
and
prejudicial
a
servitude
.
And
that
in
these
Kingdoms
no
such
Billets
bee
given
in
any
kinde
,
neither
by
the
King
's
themselvs
,
nor
any
Lords
,
Noblemen
or
Prelates
whatsoëver
,
and
in
case
any
should
bee
given
,
That
the
People
may
not
bee
obliged
to
accept
of
them
,
unless
with
their
own
con●ents
,
they
paying
for
their
lodgings
,
as
shall
bee
agreed
upon
with
the
owners
or
inhabitants
of
the
houses
,
whither
such
Billets
shall
bee
brought
or
directed
.
But
in
his
Majestie
's
progresses
,
That
lodging
and
linnen
should
bee
allowed
Gratìs
for
those
of
his
houshold
and
Court
,
so
that
hee
exceed
not
the
term
of
six
daies
in
one
place
,
which
expired
,
they
should
paie
for
their
lodging
according
to
the
ordinarie
rate
and
custom
.
Likewise
,
That
the
Souldiers
of
the
Guard
should
have
free
quarter
after
the
usuall
manner
.
Item
,
That
their
Majestie
's
the
King's
,
Princes
,
and
Infantes
,
his
predecessors
,
had
given
and
allotted
convenient
lodgings
for
their
Royal
Persons
and
Familie
,
and
to
the
number
of
seventie
,
but
no
more
,
for
the
officers
which
were
of
necessitie
to
bee
neer
the
Palace
were
appointed
in
the
same
Citie
,
or
Town
where
the
Court
was
,
and
in
such
houses
as
the
Council
,
Iustice
and
Regidores
of
the
said
place
should
finde
convenient
and
suitable
to
the
conditions
and
qualitie
of
the
persons
to
bee
lodged
,
and
the
said
seventie
lodgings
to
bee
paid
according
as
the
said
Council
,
Iustice
and
Regidores
should
rate
or
tax
them
.
And
that
for
paiment
hereof
,
all
the
Cities
,
Towns
,
Villages
,
or
Burrougsh
should
contribute
without
ex●mption
,
according
to
the
cessment
made
by
the
said
Council
,
Iustice
and
Regidores
,
without
troubling
or
asking
leav
of
his
Majestie
,
insomuch
that
under
colour
thereof
,
there
should
bee
no
more
cessed
or
gathered
,
then
what
the
rent
of
the
said
lodgings
would
amount
to
,
under
penaltie
of
the
Law
.
Item
,
That
these
lodgings
which
are
allowed
for
his
Majestie
's
familie
,
are
not
intended
for
those
of
the
Council
,
for
the
Alcaldes
of
his
hous
and
Court
,
nor
the
Alguaziles
,
or
other
Judges
or
Officers
whatsoëver
,
nor
the
High
Treasurers
,
or
any
such
like
,
for
these
are
to
paie
for
their
lodgings
,
by
the
order
and
form
before
mentioned
.
Item
,
That
his
Majestie
,
or
the
Kings
or
Princes
his
Successors
,
might
not
give
anie
Billets
in
general
or
particular
,
or
other
Command
whatsoëver
,
that
the
Inhabitants
of
such
Cities
,
Towns
,
or
Villages
should
furnish
lodgings
,
contrarie
to
their
own
wills
and
consents
:
And
that
in
case
any
such
Billet
general
,
or
particular
,
by
waie
of
intreatie
or
command
,
should
bee
given
,
it
might
bee
received
with
respect
,
but
not
fulfilled
,
neither
the
Owners
or
Inhabitants
of
the
said
houses
bee
obliged
to
accommodate
the
bearers
thereof
.
Co●cerning
Customs
,
Taxes
,
the
Revenues
Roial
,
Pole-monie
,
and
Fee
farms
.
THat
the
Customs
and
Thirds
which
belong
to
the
Crown
,
may
bee
reduced
to
the
same
number
and
quantitie
as
they
were
instituted
by
the
Catholick
King
Don
Fernando
and
Donia
Isabel
,
Anno
1494.
That
at
the
same
rates
and
value
all
the
Cities
,
Towns
,
Villages
,
with
their
several
Lordships
and
Leases
of
Abbie-lands
,
may
remain
taxed
for
ever
,
and
no
higher
:
for
they
may
not
bee
raised
nor
abated
at
anie
time
,
since
such
was
the
pleasure
of
the
most
Illustrious
Queen
Donia
Isabel
,
our
Ladie
and
Sovereign
,
as
appear's
by
her
last
Will
and
Testament
.
And
it
is
better
for
the
augment
of
the
Roial
Revenue
,
as
well
as
the
good
of
the
kingdom
;
for
there
was
more
gold
and
silver
brought
to
his
Majestie
's
Exchequer
by
the
simple
Penie-rents
,
then
by
these
racking
enhancements
,
considering
the
breaches
and
failings
which
have
been
,
and
are
amongst
those
that
farm
the
Subsidies
,
neither
is
that
burthensom
to
the
kingdom
.
Item
,
That
the
people
may
take
in
the
said
perpetual
Tax
,
the
said
Customs
and
Thirds
,
and
be
obliged
to
rent
the
Situados
that
there
was
upon
the
said
Customs
and
Thirds
,
restoring
to
their
Majesties
the
over-plus
,
having
paid
the
Situados
and
rights
at
the
accustomed
places
and
summons
▪
By
this
means
their
Majestie
's
servants
and
retainers
would
bee
duly
paied
,
Item
,
That
the
Queen
and
King
,
our
Sovereigns
,
and
their
Successors
in
these
kingdoms
,
bee
contented
for
ever
to
have
and
rais
their
Customs
,
by
and
according
to
the
fore-mentioned
imposition
,
and
no
otherwise
,
in
regard
so
they
are
certain
,
and
not
variable
,
neither
will
there
bee
anie
thing
diminished
of
the
Revenue
,
there
still
accruing
to
the
Crown
other
profitable
rights
,
as
Fines
,
Confiscations
of
goods
,
the
Salt-pit-rents
,
P●ertos
seco●
,
are
Customs
paid
at
the
going
▪
in
or
cut
of
everie
several
Kingdom
in
Spain
by
Land
.
the
Mountain-Tributes
,
Subsidies
,
Customerships
,
and
Puertos
secos
,
besides
currant
monie
,
taxes
,
and
ordinarie
paiments
of
the
kingdom
,
with
the
rents
of
Maestrazgos
.
And
that
which
com's
from
the
Indies
,
Isles
and
Firm-land
amount's
to
so
great
a
sum
,
Item
,
That
all
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Cities
,
Towns
,
Villages
,
Burroughs
and
Lordships
,
may
enjoie
the
said
perpetual
taxes
in
general
,
that
none
amongst
them
may
rent
or
farm
any
particular
part
thereof
at
a
higher
rate
then
the
said
taxes
,
nor
●hat
anie
more
sesments
bee
made
amongst
the
Inhabitants
of
the
said
places
,
then
what
shall
bee
necessarie
for
the
recovering
and
gathering
of
the
said
taxes
.
Item
,
that
everie
Citie
or
Town
that
is
chief
of
the
Countie
,
do
caus
a
Chest
to
bee
set
in
som
secure
place
,
wherein
they
may
put
or
gather
the
Roial
Revenue
,
and
that
they
see
to
and
provide
,
that
which
shall
bee
necessarie
for
the
estate
of
the
Kingdom
;
And
chiefly
to
have
a
care
that
the
Queen
,
our
Sove●eign
●adie's
familie
,
bee
maintained
and
furnished
with
all
things
suitable
to
the
Dignitie
of
her
Royal
Person
,
and
the
honor
of
the
Kingdoms
,
next
,
to
paie
the
Searchers
,
Counsels
and
Chanceries
,
with
other
ordinarie
offices
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
beeing
payed
,
that
it
remain
stated
in
the
offices
of
the
Puertos
Secos
,
mountain-Tributes
,
and
Customerships
,
and
(
in
case
any
bee
wanting
)
in
the
hous
of
the
Contratacion
of
Sevilla
;
And
the
remainder
of
the
Revenue
and
Royal
Patrimonie
to
bee
kept
in
the
treasure
,
and
delivered
to
his
Majestie
,
when
it
shall
pleas
God
that
hee
return
into
this
Kingdom
,
or
to
supplie
his
necessities
,
and
those
of
the
Kingdom
,
if
any
real
and
urgent
occasion
doth
require
it
.
Item
,
That
the
residue
,
or
any
thing
that
is
unpaied
of
the
Revenue
,
after
ten
years
,
may
not
bee
farmed
or
recovered
.
For
by
recovering
debts
of
so
long
standing
,
may
arise
great
extorsions
and
grievances
on
the
Natives
of
the
Kingdom
,
or
their
sureties
,
children
and
heirs
,
who
after
so
many
years
can
not
,
perchance
,
produce
the
discharges
and
acquittances
that
had
been
given
.
Concerning
Commissioners
or
Burgesses
of
Parlament
,
Subsidies
.
THat
the
Subsidie
granted
to
his
Majestie
by
some
Commissioners
at
the
Parlament
in
the
Citie
of
the
Groyn
,
bee
neither
demanded
nor
received
,
nor
any
other
imposed
hereafter
;
Nor
that
any
other
impositions
,
or
tributes
,
extraordinarie
bee
layed
upon
the
Kingdom
by
their
Majesties
,
or
any
of
their
Successors
.
Item
,
That
when
any
Burgesses
or
Commissioners
are
to
bee
sent
to
Parlament
,
the
Custom
of
each
Citie
is
to
bee
observed
in
the
state
of
the
Regimiento
;
moreover
,
one
is
to
bee
sent
from
the
Chapter
or
Clergie
,
another
from
the
state
of
the
Gentrie
,
a
third
from
the
State
of
the
Commonaltie
,
and
every
State
to
elect
and
nominate
their
Commissioner
severally
in
a
distinct
assembly
;
Which
Commissioners
are
to
bee
payed
by
their
own
Citie
or
Town
,
except
the
Commissioner
of
the
Clergie
,
who
is
to
bee
maintained
by
the
Chapter
.
Item
,
When
any
Parlament
is
called
,
and
the
Cities
and
Towns
,
which
have
Vote
,
bee
summoned
to
send
their
Commissioners
,
That
their
Majesties
,
or
any
their
Successors
,
in
these
Kingdoms
,
send
not
to
the
said
Commissioners
any
Power
,
Instruction
,
or
Command
,
in
what
manner
and
form
their
Powers
are
to
bee
granted
,
nor
appoint
or
nominate
any
particular
persons
to
bee
Commissioners
:
But
that
such
Citie
or
Towns
may
have
free
libertie
to
grant
Powers
according
to
their
own
sence
,
and
to
such
persons
,
as
they
shall
think
most
convenient
for
the
good
of
their
Republick
.
Item
,
Wheresoëver
the
Parlament
bee
assembled
,
That
the
Commissioners
may
have
the
freedom
to
meet
,
confer
and
discours
with
one
another
,
as
often
as
they
shall
think
good
,
and
that
no
President
bee
ordered
to
com
amongst
them
▪
for
that
would
hinder
them
from
attending
to
those
things
,
which
particularly
concern
the
Cities
,
and
the
good
of
the
Republick
,
which
they
represent
.
Item
,
that
during
the
time
of
the
Commissioners
beeing
at
Parlament
,
nor
before
or
after
their
return
to
their
hou●es
,
as
having
been
,
or
beeing
Commissioners
in
the
said
Parlament
,
they
may
not
receiv
directly
or
indirectly
,
under
what
colour
or
pretence
soêver
,
any
present
or
gratuitie
from
their
Majesties
,
or
their
Successors
,
in
these
kingdoms
,
of
what
value
or
qualitie
soëver
,
neither
for
themselvs
,
their
wives
,
children
or
kindred
,
under
pain
of
death
,
and
confiscation
of
goods
:
which
goods
may
bee
emploied
for
the
publick
reparations
of
the
Citie
or
Town
,
whereof
any
such
Delinquent
was
Commissioner
.
For
they
beeing
free
from
Covetousness
,
and
without
hopes
of
receiving
anie
bribes
in
that
nature
,
will
bee
more
attentive
and
zealous
for
the
service
of
God
,
the
King
,
and
the
publick
,
and
more
careful
to
perform
what
was
encharged
them
by
their
Towns
and
Cities
.
Item
,
that
the
Commissioners
may
onely
have
the
bare
stipend
,
which
shall
bee
allowed
them
by
their
Cities
or
Towns
,
and
that
the
said
stipend
or
Salarie
bee
competent
,
according
to
the
condition
and
qualitie
of
the
person
,
and
the
place
from
whence
hee
is
emploied
as
Commissioner
;
And
that
this
Salarie
bee
paied
out
of
the
proper
Inhabitants
Revenue
of
each
Town
,
or
Citie
,
that
doth
send
the
said
Commissioner
,
according
as
they
shall
bee
taxed
by
the
Council
,
Iustice
,
and
Regidores
of
the
said
place
.
Item
,
that
the
said
Commissioners
may
choos
and
entertain
one
or
more
Lawyers
beeing
at
Parlament
,
as
they
see
occasion
,
to
whom
the
Cities
or
Towns
are
to
paie
a
competent
Salarie
,
but
may
change
them
as
often
as
they
pleas
.
And
that
the
said
Lawyer
may
not
demand
or
receiv
any
gratuitie
from
their
Majesties
,
or
other
person
,
in
their
names
(
as
is
above
instructed
and
ordered
for
the
Commissioners
)
neither
may
any
Lawyer
at
all
bee
entertained
by
the
Commissioners
,
but
with
the
good
liking
and
consent
of
the
Kingdom
.
Item
,
that
their
Majesties
would
revoke
and
declare
to
bee
void
all
gratuities
of
what
qualitie
so●ver
,
which
were
given
to
the
Commissioners
of
the
last
Parlament
,
held
in
the
Kingdom
of
Galicia
,
and
that
neither
they
,
nor
their
wives
,
children
,
heirs
or
Successors
,
may
injoie
any
part
or
parcel
thereof
,
under
penaltie
of
losing
their
goods
,
for
the
publick
reparations
of
the
Citie
,
or
Town
,
whereof
they
were
Commissioners
.
Item
,
that
thenceforwards
to
perpetuitie
,
the
Cities
and
Towns
,
that
have
Vote
in
Parlament
,
may
meet
and
assemble
every
three
years
by
their
Commissioners
,
who
are
to
bee
chosen
out
of
the
three
States
(
as
is
aforesaid
)
.
And
that
it
may
bee
done
in
the
absence
,
and
without
licence
from
their
Majesties
,
or
the
succeeding
Kings
;
to
the
end
,
that
beeing
so
assembled
,
they
may
procure
and
see
,
that
the
Contents
of
these
Articles
bee
punctually
observed
;
and
that
they
may
discours
of
,
and
provide
other
things
which
may
bee
expedient
for
the
service
of
the
Roial
Crown
,
and
the
publick
good
of
the
Kingdoms
.
Item
,
that
the
said
Parlament
beeing
ended
,
the
said
Commissioners
may
bee
obliged
within
fourtie
daies
,
to
return
to
their
Cities
,
or
Towns
,
and
give
an
account
of
what
they
had
done
in
the
said
Parlament
,
under
pain
of
losing
their
Salarie
,
and
beeing
deprived
of
their
Office
,
which
their
Majesties
might
dispose
as
vacant
.
Concerning
Coin
.
THat
no
monie
bee
transported
out
of
these
Kingdoms
,
either
Gold
or
●ilver
,
coined
or
to
bee
coined
:
Since
it
is
forbidden
by
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
,
under
pain
of
death
,
confiscation
of
goods
,
and
other
Penalties
.
For
the
contrarie
having
been
done
,
especially
since
his
Majestie
's
coming
into
these
Kingdoms
,
the
Countrie
is
impoverished
and
destroyed
.
Item
,
That
forthwith
monie
bee
coined
in
these
Kingdoms
,
of
a
different
rate
and
value
,
then
that
of
the
neighboring
Countries
,
and
that
it
bee
of
a
base
alloy
two
Caratts
under
the
rate
of
the
finest
Gold
,
which
may
countervail
in
weight
and
value
the
Crowns
of
Gold
that
are
made
in
France
;
By
which
means
it
will
not
bee
carried
out
of
the
Kingdom
.
Alwaies
provided
,
that
whosoëver
should
bee
indebted
any
quantitie
of
Maravediz
,
before
the
time
of
publication
of
the
new
coined
monie
,
might
bee
obliged
to
make
paiment
in
the
coin
,
which
was
then
currant
,
or
to
make
up
the
value
thereof
in
monie
of
the
later
stamp
.
Silver
Coined
.
THat
a
mark
of
Silver
out
of
the
Mint
may
bee
of
the
just
value
of
two
thousand
two
hundred
and
fiftie
Maravediz
,
and
no
more
.
Copper
Monie
.
THat
new
copper
monie
may
bee
coined
,
and
in
regard
too
much
Silver
mixed
with
it
is
but
lost
,
into
everie
Mark
should
bee
cast
onely
the
quantitie
of
one
of
the
new
Ryals
.
Item
,
That
the
monie
of
Silver
mixt
and
Copper
,
which
is
made
in
other
Countries
,
is
much
less
worth
then
it
passeth
for
in
this
Kingdom
,
and
the
profit
and
gain
thereof
remaineth
in
forreign
Nations
,
who
carrie
away
our
Gold
for
their
base
monie
.
That
six
months
beeing
expired
after
the
coining
of
the
said
new
monie
,
publick
proclamation
might
bee
made
to
prohibit
the
taking
or
receiving
any
of
the
said
foreign
mixt
S●lver
and
Copper
monie
.
Item
,
That
the
old
monie
which
is
now
currant
,
in
no
wise
may
bee
made
away
,
given
,
or
sold
out
of
the
Mint-hous
,
directly
or
indirectly
,
at
any
higher
rate
then
now
it
goe's
,
under
penaltie
that
whosoëver
shall
bee
defective
herein
,
may
lose
his
monie
and
third
part
of
his
estate
,
to
the
end
that
it
may
bee
all
coined
,
to
make
new
monie
.
Item
,
In
regard
before
the
new
monie
bee
all
coined
,
and
especially
in
the
beginning
,
those
who
make
a
trade
of
transporting
monie
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
may
indeavor
,
and
bee
apt
to
convey
much
away
,
That
new
searchers
may
bee
placed
in
all
Ports
,
by
Sea
and
Land
,
and
such
as
may
applie
their
whole
care
and
diligence
to
the
well
executing
of
this
particular
,
and
nothing
els
,
provided
,
they
bee
persons
of
trust
.
And
that
whosoêver
shall
bee
found
guiltie
of
this
fact
,
may
bee
punished
and
condemned
to
death
(
if
convinced
)
without
any
further
process
,
That
there
may
bee
no
reclaiming
or
remission
of
this
penaltie
and
punishment
,
but
if
those
who
are
incharged
therewith
,
bee
slack
or
negligent
in
the
execution
of
their
office
,
that
they
may
suffer
the
same
punishment
.
And
to
the
end
this
may
bee
the
better
effected
,
that
whoso●ver
shall
declare
,
or
discover
it
,
may
have
the
one
half
or
moitie
of
the
monie
so
seized
.
Transportation
of
Corn
,
Leather
,
Sheep
,
and
Woolls
.
THat
no
Corn
,
or
the
Leather
of
Sevilla
,
may
bee
transported
out
of
the
Kingdom
.
That
the
Mercedes
,
or
gratuities
and
taxes
(
which
were
given
and
imposed
in
some
parts
of
these
Kingdoms
)
of
levying
certain
duties
,
for
giving
licence
to
transport
Corn
out
of
the
said
Kingdoms
,
and
Leather
from
the
Citie
of
Sevilla
,
may
bee
revoked
,
and
declared
to
bee
void
.
For
besides
,
that
the
said
taxes
bee
unlawful
,
they
are
very
hurtful
and
prejudicial
to
these
Kingdoms
,
and
the
Citie
of
Sevilla
.
And
that
their
Majesties
may
never
hereafter
give
the
said
licence
for
monie
,
or
for
any
imposition
.
Item
,
That
henceforwards
no
sheep
or
hogs
alive
or
dead
,
or
any
other
cattle
may
bee
transported
out
of
the
Kingdoms
.
For
this
hath
been
the
caus
that
flesh
,
leather
and
tallow
are
raised
to
above
double
the
price
of
what
they
were
wont
to
yield
,
and
if
the
said
cattle
bee
not
carried
a
way
,
these
commodities
will
return
to
the
same
rate
they
were
at
formerly
,
which
will
bee
a
great
benefit
to
the
Kingdoms
.
And
if
any
bee
found
a
delinquent
herein
,
That
the
one
half
of
his
goods
and
estate
may
bee
confiscate
to
their
Majesties
,
one
fourth
part
given
to
the
accuser
,
and
the
other
fourth
part
imployed
for
reparations
and
publick
uses
of
the
Citie
,
or
Town
,
whereof
hee
was
Inhabitant
.
Item
,
That
the
Merchants
,
Clothiers
,
and
other
trades
of
the
Kingdoms
,
may
take
to
work
and
spend
therein
one
half
of
all
woolls
,
bought
by
Natives
,
or
Strangers
,
to
send
out
of
the
Kingdoms
,
paying
the
same
price
,
as
they
had
done
,
for
them
;
if
they
had
given
readie
monie
:
And
if
they
had
taken
them
upon
trust
,
giving
securitie
to
paie
at
a
certain
daie
,
that
the
Merchants
,
and
others
,
might
have
them
upon
the
same
conditions
,
giving
the
like
securitie
.
And
that
the
Officers
of
Justice
may
take
the
said
Woolls
from
the
Shepherds
,
or
buiers
,
and
deliver
them
to
such
persons
(
as
is
before-mentioned
)
not
suffering
any
fraud
or
contention
to
arise
hereupon
,
but
the
truth
beeing
known
,
speedily
to
deliver
them
to
the
said
Merchants
,
and
others
,
to
be
wrought
in
these
Kingdoms
,
paying
in
ready
mony
,
or
giving
the
said
securitie
;
And
in
case
any
Officer
neglect
his
dutie
herein
,
that
hee
may
lose
one
whole
years
Salarie
,
and
be
obliged
to
make
good
the
dammage
and
interest
of
the
Partie
.
Concerning
the
Council
,
Courts
,
and
Iustices
.
THat
his
Majestie
would
bee
pleased
to
dismiss
those
of
the
Council
,
whom
hitherto
hee
hath
kept
,
in
regard
they
have
advised
him
to
the
great
prejudice
of
his
Majestie
's
Roial
Crown
,
and
the
excessive
dammage
of
the
Kingdoms
.
That
they
never
bee
admitted
to
bee
of
his
Privie
Council
,
the
Queen's
Council
,
or
Council
of
Justice
.
That
their
Majesties
would
select
som
of
the
Natives
of
those
Kingdoms
to
bee
of
their
Roial
Councils
,
who
were
known
to
bee
loial
and
zealous
for
their
service
,
and
which
would
set
aside
their
particular
interests
for
the
people's
good
.
Item
,
that
the
President
,
Council
,
Judges
,
Alcaldes
,
and
Officers
of
the
Courts
and
Chanceries
may
bee
visited
every
four
years
,
according
to
the
usual
manner
.
That
those
who
are
found
faultie
,
may
bee
punished
,
as
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
have
ordered
,
according
to
the
hainousness
of
their
crime
:
and
those
who
are
found
otherwise
,
may
bee
acknowledged
to
bee
good
men
,
and
rewarded
by
his
Majestie
.
Item
,
that
the
said
Offices
,
aswel
of
the
Council
,
as
of
his
Majestie
's
familie
,
Chanceries
,
and
other
Courts
,
bee
not
given
by
favor
,
or
procured
by
the
Petitions
,
or
importunate
sollicitations
,
of
any
Grandees
,
or
other
persons
,
near
about
his
Majestie
,
but
that
they
may
bee
bestowed
upon
able
and
deserving
men
:
and
that
the
provision
may
bee
to
Offices
,
not
to
the
Persons
,
that
enjoie
them
.
And
if
any
shall
have
,
or
procure
them
,
contrarie
to
the
tenour
hereof
,
the
kingdom
may
not
acknowledg
such
as
Officers
,
but
that
they
may
bee
disabled
to
keep
or
execute
any
the
aforesaid
,
or
other
publick
Offices
.
Item
,
that
the
said
Offices
of
the
Council
Roial
,
Alcaldes
de
Corte
,
Chanceries
,
or
other
Courts
,
may
not
bee
provided
or
possessed
by
such
as
com
but
newly
from
their
Studies
,
but
by
persons
●ndued
with
qualities
,
and
parts
necessarie
and
fit
for
his
Majesties
service
,
having
been
experienced
and
practised
in
the
exercise
of
the
Office
of
Counsellors
at
Law
and
Judges
,
for
the
contrarie
having
been
don
hitherto
,
hath
been
the
occasion
of
great
inconve●iences
and
dammages
to
these
Kingdoms
.
Item
,
that
the
Judges
of
the
Council
Roial
,
Chanceries
,
and
other
Courts
,
which
Voted
in
the
first
sentences
,
may
not
Vote
nor
sentence
anie
processes
upon
review
:
but
pass
the
View
and
Votes
of
such
Suits
by
order
to
the
Judges
of
another
Court
,
as
is
usual
in
Suits
,
which
by
reason
of
disco●d
,
are
remitted
from
one
Court
to
another
,
for
of
the
sentences
pronounced
by
those
of
the
Council
,
and
Judges
of
the
said
Courts
,
beeing
reviewed
by
them
,
have
proceeded
and
do
proceed
great
inconveniencies
.
For
they
shew
themselvs
very
passionate
and
desirous
to
confirm
their
sentences
,
defending
them
as
if
they
were
Advocates
for
the
partie
in
whose
favor
they
formerly
had
given
sentence
.
Item
,
That
his
Majestie
provide
and
appoint
a
Superintendent
to
bee
constant
and
resident
in
every
one
of
the
Courts
and
Chanceries
,
as
was
accustomed
in
the
time
of
the
Catholick
Queen
Donia
Isabel
our
Ladie
,
and
that
they
bee
persons
of
Autoritie
and
good
intention
,
who
may
provide
that
the
ordinances
bee
observed
,
and
see
that
the
suites
bee
conformable
thereunto
;
That
Clients
applying
themselvs
to
them
,
may
finde
redress
and
help
for
their
grievances
,
and
that
his
Majestie
may
bee
informed
by
them
of
the
State
of
his
Courts
,
and
of
the
justice
administred
in
them
.
Item
,
That
the
said
offices
of
the
Council
,
Chancerie
and
Alcaldias
,
bee
not
perpetual
,
in
regard
it
is
so
expedient
for
his
Majestie
's
service
,
and
the
good
of
the
Kingdoms
.
That
the
Judges
and
Alcaldes
,
may
not
hold
themselvs
Lords
of
those
offices
,
nor
think
it
to
bee
an
injurie
to
them
to
bee
displaced
,
and
others
appointed
to
officiate
.
Concerning
the
Council
and
Courts
.
THat
the
offices
of
the
privie
Council
,
in
what
concerns
the
Kingdoms
of
Castilla
and
Leon
,
and
judges
,
his
Majestie
's
Alcaldes
de
la
casa
e
Corte
,
Chanceries
,
and
all
other
offices
of
justice
,
may
not
bee
given
to
any
strangers
,
but
to
the
inhabitants
and
natives
of
the
said
Kingdoms
;
And
that
for
this
respect
no
act
or
letters
pattents
of
naturalization
may
bee
given
,
and
if
any
should
bee
given
,
that
they
may
bee
respectively
received
,
but
not
fulfilled
.
That
the
number
of
the
judges
of
the
Council
of
justice
may
bee
twelve
,
neither
more
nor
less
,
and
those
to
bee
of
such
qualities
and
parts
as
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
do
require
.
Item
,
That
Suits
bee
determined
in
the
Council
and
Chancerie
in
their
order
,
and
as
they
stand
registred
,
and
by
the
Courts
where
they
are
depending
without
joyning
of
any
others
to
them
.
That
concerning
this
particular
,
his
Majestie
may
give
no
writs
in
derogation
of
ordinances
.
Also
that
those
which
were
to
bee
pleaded
,
and
determined
in
Chancerie
,
bee
not
kept
still
nor
removed
by
wr●ts
to
the
Council
.
And
that
those
judges
that
can
take
recognisance
of
Suits
,
and
causes
,
may
not
bee
put
by
from
hearing
and
determining
the
said
Suits
by
writ
or
order
from
his
Majestie
.
And
in
case
the
judges
bee
suspected
,
the
Parties
may
have
the
remedie
of
appeal
.
Or
if
his
Majestie
have
given
any
such
writs
,
that
hee
revoke
and
annul
them
.
That
henceforwards
it
may
remain
as
a
perpetual
and
inviolable
Law
,
that
the
Judges
of
the
Council
and
Chancerie
,
present
or
to
com
,
may
not
obey
the
said
writs
,
under
pain
of
beeing
deprived
of
their
offices
,
and
paying
one
hundred
thousand
Maravediz
each
,
for
his
Majestie
's
exchequer
.
And
that
the
same
may
bee
observed
in
the
writs
which
shall
bee
given
by
his
Secretarie
,
the
Suites
depending
.
Item
,
That
those
of
the
Council
,
Judges
of
Courts
and
Chancerie
,
and
Alcaldes
de
Corte
,
may
not
possess
or
hold
more
then
one
office
.
And
in
case
they
should
have
two
,
or
more
,
that
they
may
bee
taken
from
them
,
and
that
they
may
receiv
Salarie
for
no
more
then
one
office
.
Item
,
that
matters
of
Justice
which
may
bee
prejudicial
to
the
parties
henceforwards
,
may
bee
determined
and
dispatched
by
those
of
the
Council
,
and
not
by
the
privie
Chamber
,
for
by
this
means
,
things
will
bee
carried
according
to
Justice
,
and
without
grievances
.
Item
,
that
the
Secretaries
appointed
for
the
Chamber
,
may
not
have
Vote
in
the
Council
of
Justice
,
concerning
those
matters
which
depend
on
private
Writs
or
Mandamus
from
their
Majesties
;
to
the
end
they
may
not
defend
in
the
Council
any
Writs
which
they
had
so
signed
,
whereby
the
parties
might
bee
aggrieved
.
Item
,
that
the
said
Secretaries
appointed
for
the
Chamber
,
may
not
receiv
any
thing
besides
the
Salarie
,
which
his
Majestie
is
pleased
to
allow
them
,
it
beeing
competent
.
For
by
experience
it
hath
been
seen
they
have
demanded
and
adjudged
divers
unjust
things
concerning
the
taxes
and
impositions
of
the
Kingdom
.
And
they
keep
intelligencers
through
the
whole
Kingdom
,
to
give
them
notice
of
what
is
vacant
,
and
how
they
may
charge
new
taxes
and
impositions
.
And
this
Office
beeing
in
their
own
hands
,
they
may
ask
what
they
list
,
and
it
is
granted
them
.
But
in
case
the
said
Secretaries
,
or
any
of
them
,
should
demand
any
thing
for
themselvs
,
their
children
or
friends
,
that
for
so
doing
,
they
may
lose
their
Offices
,
and
not
onely
bee
disabled
to
execute
the
said
Offices
,
but
all
others
whatsoëver
.
Item
,
that
the
diffinitive
sentences
pronounced
by
the
Alcaldes
de
casa
e
Corte
,
and
Chanceries
,
in
case
of
death
,
or
mutilation
of
members
,
may
have
the
libertie
of
appeal
to
those
of
the
Council
and
Judges
of
the
Courts
Roial
.
And
that
t●e
said
Alcaldes
may
bee
obliged
to
grant
the
said
appeals
and
supplications
according
to
Law
.
Item
,
that
the
said
Alcaldes
de
casa
e
Corte
,
and
Chancerie
,
or
their
Notaries
,
may
not
exact
or
receiv
either
more
or
less
duties
or
fees
then
the
ordinarie
Alcaldes
of
the
Corregidores
of
Cities
and
Towns
in
this
Kingdom
,
where
there
is
Counsel
and
Chancerie
.
Item
,
that
the
Alcaldes
and
other
Officers
of
the
Court
called
the
Hermandad
(
which
is
properly
for
High-way-men
)
may
have
a
constant
place
of
Residence
,
when
they
leav
their
Office
,
which
those
that
succeed
them
may
enjoie
;
and
that
these
may
have
power
to
question
and
execute
their
sentence
against
the
said
Judges
and
Officers
,
their
Predecessors
.
Item
,
that
the
Corregidores
,
Alcaldes
,
Officers
of
Cities
,
Towns
,
Villages
,
Burroughs
,
and
other
places
of
Justice
in
these
Kingdoms
,
may
not
bee
continued
in
the
said
Offices
above
the
space
of
one
year
after
their
donomination
,
although
the
Cities
,
Towns
,
and
Commonalties
should
desire
it
;
for
the
said
Offices
having
been
continued
for
longer
time
,
hath
occasioned
many
inconveniencies
and
defects
of
Justice
to
such
Cities
and
Towns
.
Item
,
that
henceforwards
no
Corregidores
may
bee
provided
or
appointed
for
any
Cities
or
Towns
of
these
Kingdoms
,
but
when
the
said
Cities
or
Towns
shall
require
it
,
in
regard
it
is
so
ordained
by
the
Laws
of
the
Land
.
And
that
the
said
Cities
and
Towns
may
place
and
provide
their
ordinarie
.
Alcaldes
,
beeing
men
of
abilities
,
that
so
the
Salaries
of
Corregidores
,
their
Lievtenants
and
other
Officers
may
bee
saved
.
That
the
Cities
and
Towns
may
appoint
and
allow
moderate
and
reasonable
Salaries
to
the
said
ordinarie
Alcaldes
out
of
the
publick
stock
.
And
that
the
said
stipendarie
Judges
may
bee
tied
to
serv
onely
that
Town
or
Citie
which
giveth
them
the
Salarie
.
Item
,
that
in
cases
wherein
a
Judg
Inquisitor
is
required
,
those
that
are
appointed
for
Judges
Inquisitors
may
go
with
the
limited
Salarie
at
the
charge
of
the
King's
Exchequer
,
and
not
at
the
charge
of
the
Delinquents
,
for
to
recover
their
Salaries
,
they
make
Innocent
men
Delinquents
;
and
after
that
the
said
Salaries
and
charges
bee
recovered
of
those
who
were
condemned
and
declared
guiltie
by
those
of
the
Council
,
or
other
Judges
,
the
said
Examinations
may
bee
reviewed
by
waie
of
Appeal
,
Commission
,
or
otherwise
.
Item
,
that
henceforwards
no
Corregidor
,
or
other
Judg
of
what
qualitie
soëver
,
may
bee
allowed
to
receiv
his
Salarie
,
or
any
part
thereof
,
or
by
waie
of
Ayuda
de
costa
(
which
is
to
help
bear
his
charge
)
out
of
anie
fines
or
forfeitures
adjudged
by
them
,
but
may
return
them
to
the
Exchequer
,
to
the
end
hee
may
not
bee
thought
to
have
pronounced
an
unjust
sentence
,
out
of
covetousness
thereof
.
And
that
whosoëver
shall
receiv
anie
monie
in
that
kinde
,
may
bee
condemned
to
paie
four
times
as
much
into
his
Majestie
's
Exchequer
,
and
bee
made
incapable
of
any
Office
ever
after
.
Concerning
Encomiendas
,
or
promotions
to
Dignities
,
and
Council
of
the
Orders
.
THat
those
of
the
Council
of
the
Orders
,
as
Presidents
,
Judges
,
and
other
Officers
bee
visited
in
the
same
manner
as
is
ordered
for
the
Council
Roial
.
Item
,
that
the
Treasurers
and
Officers
of
the
Orders
,
and
Maestrazgos
,
or
Masterships
,
make
their
Visitations
from
three
to
three
years
,
that
it
may
appear
how
they
behave
themselvs
in
their
Offices
,
and
those
that
shall
bee
found
guiltie
may
suffer
punishment
.
Item
,
that
the
Encomiendas
of
the
Militarie
Orders
of
Santjago
,
Calatrava
,
Alcantara
,
may
not
bee
given
or
conferred
upon
any
Strangers
,
although
they
bee
naturalized
.
But
that
herein
may
bee
observed
the
same
rule
as
in
Ecclesiastical
Offices
,
Dignities
,
and
Benefices
,
whereby
they
may
bee
provided
according
as
is
constituted
and
ordeined
in
the
Statutes
of
the
Order
.
Concerning
Bulls
,
Cruzadas
,
and
Compositiones
.
THat
no
Bulls
,
Cruzadas
,
or
Compositions
,
of
what
qualitie
soëver
bee
suffered
to
bee
preached
in
these
Kingdoms
,
unless
upon
som
real
and
urgent
occasion
,
debated
and
approved
in
Parlament
.
That
the
monie
which
shall
bee
rai●ed
t●ereby
,
may
bee
deposited
in
the
Collegial
or
Cathedral
Church
of
the
Bishoprick
,
and
not
to
bee
taken
out
thence
,
spent
or
emploied
otherwise
,
then
in
the
same
urgent
occasion
,
for
which
the
Bull
was
granted
.
Item
,
That
in
case
there
bee
such
necessitie
of
preaching
the
Bulls
,
Cruzadas
,
and
Compositiones
,
as
above
said
,
this
manner
and
order
may
bee
observed
.
That
there
bee
care
had
to
choos
honest
men
,
of
good
consciences
,
and
learned
,
that
they
may
know
and
understand
what
they
preach
.
That
they
exceed
not
in
their
preaching
the
cases
and
things
contained
in
the
Bulls
.
That
they
preach
in
none
but
the
Collegial
,
or
Cathedral
Churches
.
That
in
places
where
there
are
no
Collegial
or
Cathedral
Churches
,
the
Bulls
may
bee
sent
to
the
Curates
or
their
Vicars
,
to
the
end
they
may
divulge
and
publish
them
to
their
Parishioners
;
That
they
advise
and
●dmonish
the
people
,
but
impose
no
Penaltie
,
if
they
take
them
not
,
and
that
they
might
receiv
them
if
they
would
.
That
there
may
bee
no
such
exorbitance
,
as
was
usual
heretofore
,
injoyning
the
people
to
com
,
and
detaining
them
perforce
in
their
Sermons
,
not
suffering
them
to
follow
their
callings
and
occupations
,
unless
they
took
their
Bulls
,
and
other
such
ill
demeanors
.
Item
,
That
whatsoëver
was
to
bee
recovered
and
gathered
by
virtue
of
the
Bulls
thus
received
,
may
not
bee
recovered
by
waie
of
excommunication
or
interdict
,
but
by
demanding
it
before
the
secular
Justice
of
the
Citie
,
Town
,
or
Village
,
where
the
Bull
had
been
received
.
That
the
Alcaldes
of
the
Villages
may
have
power
herein
,
for
the
contrarie
,
having
been
done
,
hath
much
indangered
the
Souls
of
laboring-men
,
Priests
,
and
other
persons
,
and
the
people
suffer
very
many
and
great
oppressions
in
this
manner
of
recovering
it
.
Item
,
That
henceforwards
for
ever
the
Commissaries
of
the
Cruzadas
and
Compositiones
may
not
levie
or
recover
any
thing
of
that
which
some
Cities
,
Towns
,
Villages
,
and
Corporations
have
expended
in
their
own
houses
in
feasting
,
Bull-baitings
,
or
acts
of
Charitie
,
although
they
do
it
from
an
ancient
custom
,
by
vow
,
or
what
other
waie
soëver
they
can
pretend
.
Item
,
That
the
monies
levyed
by
the
Cruzadas
and
Compositiones
,
which
were
granted
for
the
war
against
the
Moores
;
costs
and
charges
of
the
Armies
which
had
been
or
are
to
bee
raised
against
the
enemies
of
our
Catholick
faith
,
and
to
releiv
the
Kingdoms
and
Cities
of
Africa
,
may
bee
exp●nded
and
imployed
to
the
same
end
,
for
which
they
were
granted
,
and
that
they
may
not
bee
granted
hereafter
upon
any
other
pretence
whatsoëver
,
nor
the
said
monie
,
or
any
part
thereof
,
may
bee
given
or
bestowed
as
a
Merced
or
gratuitie
upon
any
bodie
,
becaus
,
besides
the
publick
dammage
,
men's
Souls
are
indangered
by
the
not
imploying
it
to
the
use
,
for
which
it
was
granted
;
Which
if
it
were
applyed
to
the
proper
and
right
intent
,
the
Royal
Revenues
would
remain
free
for
the
service
and
augmentation
of
the
Royal
estate
.
Item
,
That
the
Mercedes
and
Librancas
of
any
monie
of
those
said
Bulls
,
Cruzadas
and
Compositiones
,
which
have
been
given
to
any
particular
persons
,
as
well
natives
as
strangers
,
may
bee
revoked
and
made
void
.
Concerning
the
Indies
,
Isles
,
and
Continent
.
THat
henceforwards
for
ever
,
no
Mercedes
may
bee
made
of
Indians
,
whereby
the
Gold
,
or
any
other
Commodities
may
bee
taken
thence
,
to
anie
person
or
persons
,
of
what
qualitie
soëver
.
That
these
which
hitherto
have
been
,
may
bee
revoked
;
for
by
that
means
their
Majestie
's
Roial
Patrimonie
hath
been
,
and
will
bee
,
much
damnified
,
in
stead
of
beeing
advantaged
,
by
reason
of
the
great
quantitie
of
Gold
exhausted
thence
:
Besides
that
,
they
are
used
more
like
Infidels
and
slaves
,
then
Christians
,
as
they
are
.
Item
,
that
the
hous
of
Contratacion
at
Sevilla
,
for
the
Isles
and
Continent
of
the
Indies
,
may
remain
for
ever
in
the
said
Citie
,
and
not
bee
removed
to
anie
other
Citie
or
place
within
this
Kingdom
or
without
.
In
regard
the
said
Citie
of
Sevilla
is
so
famous
and
fit
a
place
for
it
,
and
it
would
bee
a
great
hinderance
to
these
Kingdoms
,
and
a
disservice
to
their
Majesties
,
if
it
should
bee
altered
.
Concerning
Mercedes
.
THat
their
Majesties
,
or
the
succeeding
Kings
,
may
not
make
anie
Merced
of
goods
confiscated
,
or
to
bee
confiscated
,
or
of
anie
part
or
parcel
thereof
,
to
anie
Judg
,
or
Judges
,
who
have
given
,
or
are
to
give
Sentence
in
the
said
Causes
.
That
the
said
Judges
,
or
anie
of
them
,
may
not
receiv
anie
such
Mercedes
,
either
in
paiment
or
lieu
of
their
Salaries
,
or
for
Ayuda
de
Costa
,
or
in
anie
other
kinde
whatsoëver
,
directly
or
indirectly
,
either
for
themselvs
,
or
their
wives
,
children
,
friends
or
kindred
;
for
by
this
means
they
,
beeing
free
from
all
covetousness
and
interests
,
may
,
with
more
equitie
and
Justice
,
proceed
and
give
their
Sentence
.
That
whosoëver
shall
do
the
contrarie
,
may
bee
obliged
to
restore
four
times
as
much
into
his
Majesties
Exchequer
,
and
that
they
may
for
ever
remain
incapable
of
enjoying
the
same
,
or
anie
other
publick
Offices
.
Item
,
that
their
Majesties
or
their
Successors
,
may
not
give
or
make
anie
Mercedes
or
Librancas
of
goods
and
monie
,
which
hath
not
been
brought
into
their
Exchequer
,
or
in
their
own
hands
;
for
by
this
means
they
will
know
what
they
give
,
and
how
they
endammage
themselvs
;
which
not
knowing
,
they
easily
grant
the
said
Librancas
and
Mercedes
,
as
their
Majesties
had
given
away
in
that
nature
great
quantities
of
pearls
and
monie
,
which
(
if
preserved
)
had
been
sufficient
to
have
mainteined
their
Roial
Houshold
,
without
making
such
shifts
as
they
were
driven
to
,
by
taking
up
monie
at
Interest
,
or
demanding
Subsidies
of
the
Subjects
and
Natives
of
their
Kingdoms
.
Item
,
that
their
Majesties
,
or
their
Successors
,
may
not
give
or
grant
anie
Merced
of
goods
,
demanded
in
their
Majesties
names
,
or
of
the
Roial
Crown
of
these
Kingdoms
,
concerning
which
there
is
anie
Suit
depending
,
unless
sentence
bee
first
pronounced
against
the
possessors
thereof
,
and
that
they
bee
absolutely
condemned
.
That
whatsoëver
hath
been
done
to
the
contrarie
heretofore
,
may
bee
revoked
.
Otherwise
it
would
hinder
the
free
Administration
of
Justice
according
to
right
and
equitie
.
And
that
whosoëver
should
receiv
or
procure
anie
such
Mercedes
,
may
for
ever
bee
held
incapable
and
unworthie
of
receiving
for
themselvs
,
or
others
,
anie
Merced
from
their
Majesties
,
or
their
Successors
,
in
these
Kingdoms
.
Item
,
that
their
Majesties
may
pleas
to
revoke
all
Mercedes
whatsoever
,
which
had
been
made
or
granted
since
the
death
of
the
Catholick
Queen
Donia
Isabel
,
as
well
by
the
Kings
Don
Fernando
,
and
Don
Felipe
,
as
by
Don
Carlos
our
present
Sovereign
.
And
whatsoever
Confirmations
have
been
made
of
anie
Towns
,
Villages
,
Vassals
,
Jurisdictions
,
Salt-pits
,
Mines
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
Copper
,
Lead
,
Tin
,
or
Allum
.
In
regard
besides
,
that
they
are
contrarie
to
the
Laws
of
the
Land
,
the
most
illustrious
and
Catholick
Queen
Donia
Isabel
,
our
Ladie
,
did
absolutely
prohibit
and
forbid
them
,
when
,
by
her
last
Will
and
Testament
,
shee
left
the
government
and
rule
of
these
Kingdoms
to
the
charge
and
care
of
the
Catholick
King
Don
Fernando
;
And
that
all
this
may
bee
applied
to
the
proper
use
and
benefit
of
the
Roial
Crown
of
these
Kingdoms
,
and
that
those
persons
who
have
obteined
anie
such
Mercedes
,
may
make
no
further
use
of
them
hereafter
.
Item
,
forasmuch
as
since
the
deceas
of
the
Queen
Donia
Isabel
have
been
made
divers
Mercedes
,
and
manie
Patents
and
Privileges
of
Gentilitie
given
for
monie
to
several
persons
,
without
anie
just
caus
or
consideration
of
services
done
to
their
Majesties
,
that
might
deserv
the
said
favour
;
whereby
the
Towns
,
Commonalties
,
and
those
which
paie
the
taxes
,
have
been
much
damnified
and
injured
.
That
their
Majesties
may
revoke
all
such
Patents
,
Mercedes
,
and
Privileges
whatsoever
,
and
those
to
whom
they
were
given
,
may
not
anie
waies
enjoie
them
.
And
that
henceforward
no
such
Mercedes
,
Patents
,
or
Privileges
may
ev●r
bee
granted
,
or
bee
in
force
,
to
benefit
those
to
whom
they
were
given
.
And
that
this
may
never
bee
derogated
or
abrogated
with
anie
claus
general
or
particular
,
or
by
anie
ordinarie
or
absolute
Power
.
Item
,
forasmuch
as
contrarie
to
equitie
,
and
the
tenour
and
fo●m
of
the
Laws
of
these
Kingdoms
,
have
been
granted
and
made
,
divers
Mercedes
of
the
Reversion
of
Offices
,
Benefices
,
Dignities
,
and
other
things
,
in
the
hands
of
men
yet
living
:
That
their
Majesties
may
revoke
all
of
them
,
without
exception
,
that
hitherto
have
been
made
or
granted
,
either
by
their
Majesties
,
or
their
Predecessors
.
That
nothing
in
this
nature
bee
ever
granted
hereafter
,
and
if
anie
should
bee
granted
,
that
they
may
not
bee
fulfilled
,
nor
take
effect
,
notwithst●●ding
any
derogatorie
clauses
with
penalties
and
confirmations
whatsoever
;
but
to
the
end
they
may
bee
resisted
and
bee
of
no
value
,
that
they
may
bear
no
penal●ies
at
all
;
And
that
whosoever
shall
procure
anie
such
Merced
,
may
bee
made
incapable
of
anie
place
in
Court
,
or
anie
other
publick
Office
.
Item
,
that
his
Majestie
discard
and
put
away
the
Officers
of
his
Roial
Familie
and
Kingdom
,
as
Treasurers
,
and
their
substitutes
,
and
all
others
whosoëver
have
behaved
themselvs
amiss
in
their
offices
,
to
his
Majesties
great
disservice
,
&
the
universal
dammage
of
these
Kingdoms
;
who
having
(
as
when
they
first
entred
into
their
Offices
)
little
or
nothing
of
their
own
patrimonies
,
and
their
profits
much
exceeding
their
expences
,
have
raised
themselvs
vaste
Estates
,
to
the
prejudice
aswel
of
the
publick
good
of
the
Kingdoms
,
and
the
Natives
thereof
,
as
the
impairing
and
diminishing
of
the
Roial
Patrimonie
.
Item
,
That
the
offices
of
his
Majestie
's
Royal
familie
and
the
Kingdom
,
those
of
the
Royal
Courts
,
and
the
Alcaldes
&
Fiscales
,
or
Attournies
thereof
,
Corregimientos
,
Assistencias
,
Alguazilagos
,
Regimientos
,
Veyntiquatrias
,
Escrivanias
of
the
Audiencias
,
and
Council
,
and
whatsoever
other
offices
of
the
Cities
,
Towns
,
and
Places
of
the
Kingdoms
,
which
are
at
their
Majesties
,
and
their
successors
,
disposal
,
now
and
from
this
time
forwards
,
may
never
bee
fold
or
given
for
monie
,
or
bestowed
,
as
Mercedes
,
upon
any
,
who
beeing
unfit
to
execute
the
said
offices
,
may
make
sale
of
them
,
in
regard
the
sale
of
them
is
very
detestable
,
and
forbidden
by
the
Common
Laws
and
rights
of
the
Kingdoms
,
for
the
great
dammages
and
prejudices
which
have
accrewed
thereby
to
the
good
of
the
Publick
.
And
that
the
said
offi●es
may
bee
freely
given
and
bestowed
upon
persons
of
sufficient
parts
and
abilities
to
perform
and
execute
them
.
Item
,
T●at
if
the
said
offices
or
any
of
them
,
bee
provided
otherwise
,
or
bestowed
contrarie
to
the
tenour
and
form
mentioned
in
the
precedent
Article
,
That
they
may
bee
held
as
vacant
,
and
whosoever
is
so
placed
in
them
,
may
bee
discarded
.
And
their
Majest●e's
and
successors
provide
and
bestow
them
as
above
said
.
Item
,
That
the
officers
which
are
to
serv
in
the
Court
,
or
in
any
the
Cities
,
or
Towns
,
of
these
Kingdoms
,
aswell
of
the
Iuzgados
as
of
the
Veintequarto
Escrivanias
,
and
other
such
like
offices
,
may
not
possess
more
then
one
office
.
And
if
they
bee
such
as
may
bee
supplied
by
Substitutes
,
or
●ievtenants
,
that
these
may
bee
paied
by
the
principal
officers
.
And
that
their
Majesties
or
successors
grant
no
stipend
or
Salarie
to
the
said
Substitutes
,
nor
the
Principals
consent
thereunto
,
under
pain
of
losing
their
offices
,
and
others
to
bee
put
into
their
places
.
Item
,
as
touching
the
Confirmations
of
the
priviledges
of
the
Right
or
Custom
called
,
Maravediz
de
Iuro
;
That
no
confirmation
of
the
said
Priviledges
may
bee
required
,
and
that
their
Majesties
give
Command
to
the
officers
,
who
have
raised
great
summs
thereby
,
to
restore
the
said
monie
to
the
persons
of
whom
they
received
it
,
and
that
speedily
and
freely
without
any
trouble
or
suit
.
Item
,
that
those
of
the
Offices
Roial
,
as
well
High
Treasurers
,
as
those
of
the
Cruzadas
,
Compositions
,
or
the
Islands
and
Continent
of
the
Indie●
,
may
bee
obliged
to
certifie
and
declare
unto
their
Majesties
,
and
their
Successors
,
whatsoever
debts
remain
conce●led
and
forgotten
,
and
all
other
things
in
the
said
Offices
,
appertaining
to
the
Roial
Patrimonie
,
but
that
they
give
no
intelligence
thereof
to
anie
particular
or
private
persons
,
lest
they
should
beg
them
,
under
pain
of
paying
twice
as
much
into
the
Exchequer
or
Roial
Patrimonie
,
and
of
beeing
deprived
of
the
said
Offices
,
and
made
incapable
not
onely
of
them
,
but
all
others
.
Item
,
that
those
who
have
had
,
or
have
anie
Office
Roial
,
or
charge
of
the
Registers
of
the
Roial
Revenues
,
may
not
have
the
said
Remainders
of
the
farming
thereof
,
and
in
case
anie
have
made
use
of
them
,
that
hee
or
they
bee
obliged
to
paie
the
double
of
what
hee
hath
received
thereof
,
into
their
Majesties
●xchequer
,
and
lose
their
Offices
,
with
the
Salaries
and
benefits
thereunto
belonging
.
Item
,
that
all
those
who
have
bought
anie
Offices
since
the
deceas
of
the
Catholick
King
Don
Fernando
,
which
could
not
bee
sold
according
to
t●e
Laws
of
the
Land
,
and
the
Contents
of
the
preceding
Articles
,
may
not
execute
the
said
Offices
,
under
pain
of
death
and
loss
of
good
,
and
their
Majesties
may
provide
and
dispose
them
to
other
able
and
sufficient
persons
.
Concerning
Residencia's
.
THat
all
those
Officers
who
had
charge
of
his
Majesties
Estate
,
in
the
time
of
the
Catholick
King
Don
Fernando
,
his
Grandfather
,
may
bee
brought
to
an
account
for
what
they
did
in
their
Offices
and
Charges
,
concerning
his
Majesties
Estate
a●d
the
Roial
patrimonie
,
which
passed
through
their
hands
,
and
that
they
produce
these
accounts
before
such
persons
as
shall
bee
nominated
and
appointed
by
his
Majestie
,
and
the
Kingdom
.
That
his
Majestie
appoint
and
nominate
these
said
persons
within
thirtie
daies
after
these
Articles
and
Laws
bee
granted
by
their
Majesties
,
and
in
case
his
Majestie
doth
not
nominate
anie
within
the
said
term
of
thirtie
daies
,
that
then
those
Accounts
may
bee
produced
before
such
persons
as
the
Kingdoms
shall
appoint
,
who
may
receiv
them
for
their
Majesties
Exchequer
,
and
condemn
and
laie
penalties
upon
those
whom
they
finde
guiltie
,
according
to
equitie
and
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdoms
.
Item
,
that
the
like
Account
bee
also
given
by
the
Treasurers
,
and
other
Officers
,
whosoever
have
been
encharged
heretofore
with
the
Cruzadas
,
Bulls
,
and
Compositions
,
or
with
the
Gold
and
Pearls
brought
from
the
●slands
and
Continent
of
the
Indies
;
and
the
same
order
to
bee
observed
therein
,
as
is
above-specified
.
Item
,
that
those
of
the
Council
,
and
the
Officers
of
his
Majesties
Familie
and
Court
,
who
have
been
,
or
are
to
bee
dismissed
,
may
make
their
Residencia
,
or
render
their
accounts
before
the
Persons
mentioned
in
the
preceding
Arcicles
.
Item
,
that
the
said
Officers
bee
thus
called
to
account
,
becaus
they
have
given
advise
and
notice
of
manie
things
which
have
been
begged
and
given
as
Mercedes
,
to
the
great
Prejudice
of
the
Roial
Patrimonie
;
which
advices
and
informations
they
gave
,
either
to
enjoie
a
share
thereof
themselvs
,
or
to
purchase
them
wholly
,
or
to
procure
others
to
buie
or
farm
them
,
by
which
means
,
for
very
small
matters
,
they
have
gained
vaste
sums
of
monie
.
Therefore
in
regard
this
hath
been
a
great
dammage
and
prejudice
to
the
Roial
Patrimonie
,
their
Majesties
may
ratifie
and
allow
the
above
mentioned
persons
to
take
the
said
Accounts
and
Residencia's
.
And
whatsoever
shall
bee
thus
discovered
by
them
,
that
it
may
all
accrew
to
their
Majesties
Exchequer
;
for
if
they
had
rightly
and
truly
performed
their
Offices
,
they
ought
to
have
given
their
Majesties
those
Informations
,
and
not
to
private
persons
.
Concerning
Prelates
and
other
Particulars
.
THat
the
Bishopricks
,
Archbishopricks
,
Dignities
,
Canonicates
,
&
other
Ecclesiastical
preferments
whatsoever
,
or
the
pensions
thereof
,
may
not
bee
conferred
upon
anie
●trangers
,
but
upon
the
Natives
and
Inhabitants
of
these
Kingdoms
.
That
if
anie
were
disposed
of
contrarie
to
the
tenour
hereof
,
his
Majestie
may
bee
pleased
by
Apostolical
Autoritie
,
to
order
that
they
may
bee
resigned
and
conferred
upon
Natives
of
these
Kingdoms
,
satisfaction
beeing
given
to
those
that
are
dispossessed
of
them
,
to
their
full
value
in
other
rents
in
their
own
Countries
.
Item
,
in
regard
his
Majestie
had
given
away
the
Archbishoprick
of
Toledo
,
before
hee
was
received
and
sworn
King
in
the
Parlament
at
Valladolid
.
That
his
Majestie
may
make
a
new
presentation
of
the
said
Archbishoprick
,
and
confer
it
upon
a
Native
and
Inhabitant
of
the
Kingdom
of
Castilla
,
who
may
deserv
it
,
beeing
a
person
of
learning
and
conscience
answerable
,
a
Divine
or
Civil
Lawyer
;
for
the
bestowing
it
on
the
Nephew
of
Monsieur
de
Xeures
,
contrarie
to
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
,
hath
been
,
and
is
,
very
prejudicial
to
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
said
Dignitie
,
hee
beeing
under
age
,
and
absent
,
(
and
although
hee
were
a
Native
of
the
Kingdom
,
it
was
not
fit
nor
just
to
give
it
him
)
.
That
the
Revenue
of
the
said
Dignitie
was
transported
out
of
the
kingdom
,
wherewith
if
hee
were
a
Native
,
and
resident
in
the
said
dignitie
,
hee
might
entertain
manie
Nobles
and
Gentlemen
in
his
hous
,
as
hath
been
the
custom
formerly
.
And
if
his
Ma●estie
would
bee
pleased
to
gra●ifie
the
said
Nephew
of
Monsieur
de
Xeures
with
som
other
lands
in
his
own
Countrie
.
It
might
very
well
bee
done
.
Item
,
that
all
Letters
of
Naturalization
whatsoever
,
that
have
formerly
been
given
,
may
bee
revoked
,
and
never
anie
granted
hereafter
.
And
if
anie
should
bee
granted
,
although
with
derogatorie
clauses
,
and
by
an
absolute
power
,
that
they
may
bee
respectively
received
,
but
not
fulfilled
.
That
there
may
bee
no
penaltie
for
the
non-performance
of
anie
such
supplication
,
and
whosoever
should
bee
strict
therein
,
may
bee
apprehended
and
severely
punished
by
the
Justices
of
the
kingdom
where
hee
was
taken
.
Item
,
that
the
Judges
,
Notaries
,
and
other
Officers
of
the
Ecclesiastical
Courts
,
may
not
have
or
demand
more
fees
then
those
of
the
Secular
Courts
,
according
to
the
●tatutes
of
the
kingdoms
.
And
if
,
in
anie
case
,
the
Apostolical
Autoritie
bee
requisite
,
their
Majesties
may
bee
pleased
to
send
to
their
Emb●ssador
to
procure
it
from
his
Holiness
,
and
send
it
.
Item
,
that
the
Archbishops
,
B●shops
,
and
Prelates
of
the
kingdoms
,
may
reside
in
their
own
Diocess
the
greatest
part
of
t●e
year
,
whereo●
,
if
they
fail
,
that
they
may
lose
proportionably
a
pa●t
of
their
fruits
,
to
bee
emploied
for
the
building
or
repairing
of
their
Churches
;
for
,
by
reason
of
their
beeing
absent
,
the
Divine
Service
is
not
performed
as
it
ought
to
bee
.
That
his
Ma●estie
send
for
a
Bull
to
this
eff●ct
from
his
Holiness
,
within
the
space
of
one
year
.
And
if
his
Majestie
did
not
send
for
it
within
the
said
term
,
that
the
kingdom
might
have
power
to
demand
it
,
and
take
,
by
his
Autoritie
,
out
of
the
fruits
of
the
said
dignities
,
as
much
as
would
diffraie
the
charges
of
the
Journie
,
and
sollicitation
to
procure
it
.
Item
,
forasmuch
as
his
Holiness
at
his
Majesties
r●quest
had
sent
a
Licence
to
the
Archbishop
of
Granada
,
purposing
that
whosoever
should
have
his
said
power
(
although
secular
persons
)
might
judg
and
give
sentence
in
som
cases
against
Priests
,
in
criminal
matters
.
That
his
Majestie
would
bee
pleased
to
caus
the
said
Licence
to
bee
enrolled
within
six
months
,
and
send
a
Copie
thereof
into
these
kingdom
,
to
excuse
and
avoid
the
scandals
which
arise
thereby
.
Concerning
Regidores
.
THat
henceforwards
,
their
Majesties
,
or
their
Successors
,
never
give
or
grant
anie
Licence
to
the
Regidores
,
Veyntiquatros
,
Iurados
,
and
other
Officers
of
the
Council
of
Cities
,
Towns
or
Villages
of
these
kingdoms
,
to
live
with
,
or
have
anie
dependance
upon
Noble-men
.
That
all
Licences
to
this
effect
whatsoever
,
granted
in
former
times
,
may
bee
revoked
;
That
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdoms
may
bee
herein
observed
and
executed
.
That
whosoever
shall
procure
,
or
make
use
of
anie
such
Licence
,
may
bee
deprived
of
his
office
.
And
that
their
Majesties
dispose
thereof
,
as
beeing
vacant
,
but
that
hee
or
his
children
may
never
re-injoy
it
.
Item
,
That
the
Regidores
of
the
Cities
and
Towns
of
these
Kingdoms
,
who
are
Lawyers
,
may
not
execute
the
office
of
Advocates
,
nor
plead
in
the
said
Cities
or
Towns
,
but
for
them
and
their
Commonalties
.
Alienation
of
Goods
or
Lands
from
the
Royal
Crown
.
THat
his
Majestie
command
effectually
to
restore
the
Towns
,
Villages
,
Forts
,
Jurisdictions
,
Revenues
,
and
all
other
Rights
whatsoever
,
to
the
Cities
and
Towns
of
his
Royal
Crown
,
which
they
had
formerly
in
their
possession
,
and
which
the
most
illustrious
Queen
Donia
●sabel
,
our
Ladie
,
commanded
in
her
will
to
bee
restored
.
And
to
the
end
this
may
bee
effected
,
and
the
wills
of
the
Catholick
King
Don
Fernando
and
his
Queen
Donia
Isabel
,
may
bee
fulfilled
,
That
executors
may
bee
appointed
with
sufficient
power
to
perform
the
same
within
six
months
without
further
delaie
.
Item
,
to
the
end
this
may
remedied
henceforwards
,
That
their
Majesties
or
Successors
,
for
no
reason
or
caus
,
neither
in
paiment
or
satisfaction
of
services
,
or
anie
other
waies
whatsoever
,
may
alienate
anie
thing
from
the
Royal
Crown
or
Patrimonie
,
and
in
case
anie
alienation
bee
made
,
that
it
may
bee
restored
.
Concerning
Forts
and
Alcaydias
,
or
Governments
.
THat
the
Forts
and
Alcaydias
of
the
strong
holds
of
these
Kingdoms
,
may
not
bee
given
to
anie
forreiners
,
but
intrusted
to
the
Natives
and
Inhabitants
of
these
Kingdoms
,
although
they
may
produce
letters
of
naturalization
,
And
that
the
same
order
bee
observed
herein
,
as
in
the
Dignities
and
Ecclesiastical
preferments
.
Item
,
That
his
Majestie
take
away
all
command
or
governments
whatsoever
of
Castles
and
Forts
,
possessed
by
strangers
,
or
transferred
by
them
for
monie
to
anie
natives
of
these
Kingdoms
.
Item
,
that
Antonio
de
Fonseca
may
bee
dispossessed
of
the
offices
and
command
hee
hath
in
these
Kingdoms
,
in
regard
of
the
great
mischiefs
and
scandals
which
they
suffer
by
his
occasion
.
Item
,
that
the
Forts
and
Alcaydias
may
not
bee
given
to
anie
Noble-men
or
persons
of
high
birth
and
qualitie
.
And
that
the
Alcaydes
or
Commanders
thereof
may
take
the
oath
of
fealtie
to
his
Majestie
,
and
give
securitie
to
the
Cities
and
Towns
where
they
are
,
that
,
by
or
from
the
said
Forts
,
they
shall
receiv
no
dammage
or
prejudice
.
Item
,
that
his
Majestie
give
order
forthwith
,
and
every
two
years
from
this
time
forwards
,
to
visite
and
repair
,
as
occasion
doth
require
,
the
Forts
and
places
of
strength
upon
the
frontiers
of
these
Kingdoms
.
Concerning
Cloath
.
THat
the
Cloath
that
is
imported
from
other
Countries
may
bee
of
the
same
size
and
goodness
,
as
those
which
are
wrought
in
these
Kingdoms
,
according
as
it
is
ordered
by
the
Statutes
and
Act
of
Parlament
.
That
the
said
Act
may
bee
executed
aswell
upon
forreign
Clothes
,
as
those
which
are
made
in
these
Kingdoms
.
That
what
deferring
of
the
time
of
the
Act
,
or
Licences
soëver
have
been
granted
to
sell
and
disperse
them
in
these
Kingdoms
,
may
bee
revoked
and
declared
void
.
That
hereafter
no
such
Licences
bee
granted
,
but
in
case
there
bee
,
that
they
may
not
bee
fulfilled
.
And
that
,
without
stopping
or
arresting
them
,
the
Justices
may
proceed
according
to
the
Act
,
under
pain
of
losing
their
offices
,
and
paying
one
hundred
thousand
Maravediz
towards
the
reparations
and
charitable
uses
of
the
Citie
,
Town
,
or
Village
,
where
their
Residence
is
.
Contribution
.
IN
regard
it
is
ordeined
by
the
Laws
of
the
Land
,
that
certain
Towns
and
Villages
(
which
now
are
under
the
possession
of
som
Noblemen
)
should
proportionably
(
as
the
rest
of
their
neighboring
Cities
and
Towns
)
bear
a
share
in
the
Tributes
and
Contributions
,
and
Taxes
for
Hedges
,
Bridges
,
Fountains
,
Watchmen
,
Suits
in
Law
,
Defences
,
and
enlargement
of
Territories
;
yet
by
the
favor
of
Noblemen
and
persons
of
great
qualitie
,
(
to
whom
they
belong
)
they
do
not
observ
or
fulfil
his
Majesties
Commands
herein
.
That
henceforwards
they
may
bee
obliged
to
perform
them
,
and
in
case
of
default
to
lose
their
Offices
,
and
all
the
Salarie
thereof
;
and
that
the
Lords
of
the
said
places
may
not
oppose
or
do
any
thing
to
the
contrarie
under
pain
of
losing
the
Lordship
and
proprietie
of
the
said
places
,
or
Towns
,
which
afterwards
shall
bee
as
Crown-Lands
never
to
bee
alienated
from
the
Royal
Patrimonie
.
GENERALS
.
FOrasmuch
as
his
Majestie
,
in
the
Parlaments
which
hee
called
at
Valladolid
and
the
Groyn
,
did
grant
som
things
,
which
,
for
the
profit
and
publick
good
of
the
Kingdoms
,
ought
to
bee
effected
:
That
his
Majestie
command
all
provisions
and
power
necessarie
for
the
performance
thereof
,
to
bee
given
to
the
Cities
,
Towns
,
and
other
places
of
the
Kingdoms
.
Item
,
that
his
Majestie
give
order
to
proceed
rigorously
against
Antonio
de
Fonseca
,
Alcalde
Ronquillo
,
Gutiere
Quixada
,
El
Licenciado
Iuanes
,
and
the
rest
,
that
had
any
hand
in
the
bur●ing
and
destroying
of
the
Town
of
Medina
del
Campo
▪
And
that
his
Majestie
approve
and
allow
of
what
the
Kingdom
shall
do
concerning
the
confiscation
of
their
,
or
any
of
th●●●
estates
and
goods
.
Item
,
that
their
Majesties
approve
the
Assemblie
which
the
Cities
and
Towns
of
the
Kingdoms
have
made
,
and
do
make
to
the
end
they
may
repair
and
remedie
the
exorbitancies
and
grievances
of
the
Publick
;
to
make
and
ordain
these
Articles
,
and
all
which
they
have
done
in
order
to
the
suspending
of
those
of
the
Council
,
and
Officers
of
their
Majesties
Familie
and
Court
,
placing
and
displacing
Officers
of
Justice
,
taking
and
demolishing
of
Forts
,
pulling
down
of
houses
,
killing
of
men
,
tumults
and
uproars
,
and
judging
and
sentencing
other
matters
of
the
Kingdoms
;
their
endeavors
in
taking
away
all
that
might
stop
or
hinder
their
proceedings
herein
,
and
any
other
excess
whatsoever
,
as
in
the
order
and
form
of
the
premisses
is
conteined
▪
The
assembling
the
people
,
raising
of
Arms
,
and
the
punishment
which
certain
Cities
and
Commonalties
have
inflicted
upon
the
persons
,
houses
,
and
goods
of
●om
men
,
whom
they
esteemed
enemies
to
the
publick
good
of
the
Kingdoms
.
And
that
their
Majesties
acknowledg
to
bee
well
emploied
,
all
and
every
the
sums
of
monie
which
they
have
taken
out
of
the
Roial
Revenue
,
and
other
things
,
and
disbursed
in
paiment
of
the
said
men
,
and
Armies
,
or
otherwaies
in
prosecution
of
the
above-said
premisses
:
And
whatsoever
taxes
they
had
imposed
and
recovered
to
that
effect
,
or
expended
in
any
kinde
.
That
their
Majesties
would
command
all
to
bee
remitted
and
absolutely
pardoned
,
as
also
not
onely
their
Assemblies
and
Councils
of
the
Cities
and
Towns
of
the
Kingdoms
,
but
likewise
that
every
particular
person
or
persons
that
had
been
active
therein
,
might
bee
free
from
anie
trouble
or
question
therefore
in
anie
Courts
,
civil
or
criminal
.
That
their
Majesties
would
revoke
and
declare
void
,
all
and
everie
information
or
informations
,
commands
,
sentences
,
and
provisions
which
those
of
the
Council
,
or
the
Alcalde
Ronquillo
,
or
any
other
Judg
whatsoever
,
had
made
or
given
against
any
of
the
Cities
or
Towns
of
the
Kingdoms
,
or
against
any
particular
persons
,
and
that
for
this
caus
they
,
nor
any
of
them
,
might
bee
deprived
of
their
privileges
or
offices
,
but
might
remain
free
and
indemnified
.
In
regard
they
were
moved
thereunto
out
of
their
respects
to
their
Majesties
service
,
and
the
publick
good
of
the
Kingdoms
,
and
for
the
encreasing
&
preserving
of
the
revenues
and
Patrimonie
Roial
,
in
order
to
the
obligations
and
duties
which
they
owed
to
their
natural
Sovereigns
,
according
as
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdoms
have
ordeined
.
And
that
his
Majestie
would
grant
,
autorize
,
and
confirm
the
said
Articles
as
a
perpetual
and
inviolable
Law
for
ever
,
and
that
he
would
promise
&
swear
,
by
God
and
his
holie
Evangelists
,
never
to
revoke
,
or
consent
to
the
revoking
or
altering
of
them
,
or
do
,
or
suffer
to
bee
done
,
any
thing
contrarie
to
their
true
intent
and
meaning
in
Parlament
,
or
out
of
Parlament
:
And
that
hee
would
not
demand
of
the
Pope
or
other
Prelate
whatsoever
any
dispensation
or
absolution
for
the
said
oath
and
promise
.
SECT
▪
III.
THese
Articles
were
sent
to
Flanders
by
those
of
the
Iunta
,
to
bee
delivered
to
the
Emperor
.
Antonio
Vazquez
de
Avila
carried
one
Copie
of
them
,
and
Maestro
Fray
Pablo
(
a
man
of
an
exemplarie
life
and
holie
intentions
,
Flanders
.
Antonio
Vazquez
de
Avila
arrived
at
length
at
Worms
in
Germanie
,
which
the
Emperor
hearing
,
commanded
him
to
bee
apprehended
and
imprisoned
in
a
Fort
;
but
after
som
time
,
beeing
better
informed
,
hee
gave
order
to
releas
him
.
Fray
Pablo
,
and
Sancho
Zimbron
,
who
went
together
,
hearing
,
before
they
came
to
the
Emperor
,
how
Antonio
Vazquez
had
been
welcomed
,
went
no
further
then
Bruxels
.
These
Articles
were
applauded
and
held
for
holie
things
amongst
the
Commonaltie
;
they
said
,
The
Emperor
must
bee
verie
cruel
if
hee
did
not
confirm
them
.
That
those
of
the
Iunta
deserved
an
immortal
Crown
,
and
a
never-dying
fame
for
their
pains
and
care
in
making
such
excellent
and
holie
Ordinances
,
whereby
their
Kingdoms
should
bee
made
the
happiest
,
and
most
opulent
in
the
world
.
SECT.
IV.
THe
Lord
Admiral
,
beeing
desirous
to
compose
these
differences
and
disorders
of
the
Kingdoms
,
before
they
broke
out
anie
further
,
resolved
to
go
and
convers
with
those
of
the
Iunta
at
Tordesillas
,
and
beeing
at
Torrelobaton
,
hee
sent
to
them
,
desiring
,
that
they
would
give
him
the
libertie
and
safe
conduct
to
go
to
them
.
Those
of
the
Iunta
answered
,
That
they
knew
very
well
,
that
his
Lordship
came
to
speak
with
them
concerning
the
Commonalties
of
the
Kingdoms
,
but
they
desired
him
not
to
put
himself
to
the
trouble
of
coming
thither
,
until
he
had
dismissed
those
Gentlemen
,
with
their
sou●diers
,
out
of
Medina
,
and
his
own
lands
,
&
those
of
the
Council
likewise
,
in
regard
they
disserved
his
Majestie
,
and
hindred
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
don
,
they
should
be
very
glad
to
serv
him
,
and
shew
him
all
the
respects
due
to
his
person
.
The
Admiral
replied
,
that
hee
was
well
contented
to
discharge
all
those
souldiers
,
and
send
away
all
those
of
the
Council
,
except
the
Cardinal
and
the
Lord
High
Constable
of
Castilla
,
who
were
the
Governors
and
principal
men
of
the
Kingdoms
:
Those
of
the
Iunta
would
not
bee
satisfied
,
unless
they
were
all
sent
away
.
Whereupon
they
sent
two
Heralds
with
a
Notarie
publick
,
to
require
him
with
great
protestations
,
that
hee
should
not
permit
the
mischiefs
and
dammages
which
might
bee
occasioned
by
the
Iunta
,
and
the
Armies
of
the
Advers
Partie
.
They
sent
others
also
with
trumpets
,
to
require
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
and
the
Earl
of
Alva
,
not
to
levie
anie
Souldiers
,
becaus
that
would
bee
prejudicial
to
the
Roial
Crown
,
and
hurtful
to
the
Kingdoms
.
The
Lord
High
Constable
received
those
that
brought
him
this
message
very
courteously
,
and
commanded
a
dinner
to
bee
prepared
for
them
;
After
which
,
hee
sent
them
to
the
Earl
of
Alva
,
with
twelv
of
his
own
men
on
hors-back
.
The
Earl
apprehended
the
chief
man
of
them
,
commanding
him
to
bee
clapt
in
prison
,
and
afterwards
,
they
saie
,
hee
caused
him
to
bee
strangled
,
and
gave
no
other
Answer
to
the
Iunta
:
whereat
they
were
very
much
displeas'd
;
others
said
,
The
Earl
did
like
a
worthie
Gentleman
,
for
no
Law
or
Word
is
to
be
observ'd
or
kept
with
Traitors
.
The
unfortunate
man
,
whom
the
Earl
thus
put
to
death
,
had
been
,
not
long
before
,
preferred
by
those
of
the
Commonaltie
,
to
the
Office
of
Chamberlain
to
the
Queen
Donia
Iuana
.
In
revenge
of
which
crueltie
(
as
they
termed
it
)
those
of
the
Iunta
commanded
the
Lord
Constable
,
and
the
Earl
of
Alva
,
to
bee
proclaimed
,
in
manie
Cities
and
places
of
Castilla
,
Traitors
,
and
capital
enemies
of
the
Kingdom
;
alledging
,
That
they
raised
forces
against
the
Roial
Crown
,
and
to
the
prejudice
of
the
Kingdom
.
That
they
had
made
a
new
Broad-Seal
,
contrarie
to
the
Laws
of
the
Kingdom
,
wherewith
they
did
seal
Orders
against
his
Majesties
Subjects
,
and
contrarie
to
all
right
and
Justice
.
That
they
did
favor
and
uphold
those
of
the
evil
Counsel
;
and
that
they
had
apprehended
her
Majesties
Chamberlain
,
all
which
was
in
dis-respect
or
contempt
of
her
Majestie
,
and
to
the
prejudice
of
the
publick
good
.
And
therefore
those
of
the
Iunta
,
in
order
to
the
service
of
God
,
and
the
Kingdom
,
did
finde
themselvs
obliged
to
declare
them
Capital
Enemies
,
and
accordingly
,
that
their
Estates
and
Land
should
bee
seized
and
forfeited
to
the
Roial
Crown
.
SECT.
V.
THose
of
the
Iunta
beeing
possessed
of
Tordesillas
,
and
having
the
Queen
,
with
her
familie
,
and
the
whole
Kingdom
in
their
own
hands
,
manie
people
believed
that
shee
was
recovered
,
and
that
shee
was
well-pleased
with
the
proceedings
of
those
of
the
Iunta
.
The
increasing
of
this
opinion
,
and
their
credit
with
the
people
,
raised
their
thoughts
to
things
of
higher
consequence
,
and
the
novelties
which
everie
daie
did
produce
,
were
already
swoln
to
so
great
a
number
,
and
spred
into
so
manie
parts
that
it
is
impossible
to
relate
them
so
cleerly
,
fully
,
and
distinctly
as
I
would
.
The
pretence
of
the
Iunta
was
so
plausible
,
bearing
the
sugared
name
(
which
they
gave
it
)
of
Libertie
,
and
exemption
from
unjust
taxes
and
evil
government
,
that
divers
other
places
,
were
likewise
in
Arms
for
them
;
And
it
was
a
miracle
that
anie
place
stood
out
:
For
they
favored
and
countenanced
them
that
followed
their
faction
,
and
those
of
the
contrarie
Partie
were
perpetually
under
the
lash
of
their
persecution
.
Alcala
de
Henares
.
whom
they
extreamly
hated
.
In
Alcala
de
Henares
they
turned
the
Governor
,
and
the
Vicar-General
to
the
Arch-Bishop
,
out
of
the
Citie
,
becaus
they
hated
the
Arch-Bishop
for
beeing
a
kinsman
to
Xeures
,
and
a
stranger
.
Medina
prepared
to
make
open
War
against
Coca
and
Alaejos
,
in
revenge
of
the
mischiefs
and
losses
which
they
had
susteined
by
Antonio
de
Fonseca
.
It
would
bee
an
endless
task
to
undertake
to
give
a
particular
relation
of
their
outrages
,
what
persecutions
,
robberies
,
and
murthers
,
were
committed
in
each
place
.
Those
of
Segovia
did
not
lie
still
either
,
but
were
perpetually
making
new
attempts
against
the
Earl
of
Chinchon
,
and
the
Town
of
Espinar
,
which
they
assaulted
and
sacked
,
as
if
they
had
been
Infidels
,
carrying
away
their
wives
and
daughters
,
some
of
whose
husbands
following
after
the
Segovians
,
said
,
That
if
their
wives
went
with
them
beyond
a
certain
limit
,
they
should
keep
them
for
ever
.
SECT.
VI.
I
Mentioned
in
the
rising
of
Burgos
,
the
prudence
and
courage
which
the
Lord
high
Counstable
,
to
detain
and
suppress
the
furie
of
that
disorderly
people
,
had
shewed
,
in
taking
upon
himself
the
Autoritie
and
care
of
administring
Justice
,
to
the
great
contentment
and
rejoicing
of
the
Citizens
.
But
the
inconstant
Vulgar
,
upon
no
occasion
,
lost
the
respect
which
was
due
to
so
honorable
a
person
,
never
considering
how
advantageous
it
would
have
been
for
them
to
have
suff●red
themselvs
to
bee
governed
by
him
in
such
troublesom
times
.
That
which
they
pretended
to
bee
the
caus
of
their
respectless
audacitie
was
,
That
when
Medina
del
Campo
did
besiege
Alaejos
,
Segovia
,
Salamanca
,
Avila
,
and
other
Cities
,
having
assisted
them
with
men
to
destroie
that
Town
,
out
of
the
exceeding
hatred
which
they
bore
Antonio
de
Fonseca
:
Burgos
would
do
the
like
out
of
revenge
of
the
Merchandise
which
they
lost
in
Medina
,
by
Antonio
de
Fonseca's
burning
it
:
But
the
Lord
High
Constable
satisfied
them
otherwise
;
And
becaus
his
son
offered
himself
to
bee
their
Captain
,
which
the
people
imagined
hee
did
onely
out
of
subtiltie
and
cunning
to
amuse
them
or
for
som
other
by-respect
,
they
began
to
bee
jealous
of
him
;
this
suspicion
ingendred
a
mortal
hatred
,
insomuch
that
their
furie
grew
beyond
the
bounds
of
moderation
and
obedience
.
The
Lord
high
Counstable
had
privately
conveyed
into
his
hous
four
hundred
Lances
:
Which
beeing
known
in
the
Citie
,
the
Regidores
and
Gentlemen
assembled
,
and
sent
two
of
their
companie
to
summon
him
.
Hee
excused
himself
,
saying
,
hee
was
very
ill
,
and
could
not
go
to
them
:
But
they
told
him
,
that
they
could
not
bee
satisfied
with
that
answer
,
hee
must
rise
,
and
go
with
them
.
At
last
hee
went
,
and
was
civilly
received
;
beeing
com
amongst
them
,
two
of
the
Assemblie
in
the
names
of
all
the
rest
,
rose
up
and
thus
bespake
him
;
Wee
are
very
sorrie
and
grieved
that
the
honor
and
affection
wherewith
this
Citie
hath
alwaies
served
your
Lordship
and
your
Ancestors
(
beeing
Persons
of
so
great
qualitie
,
natives
,
and
in
a
maner
,
Lords
of
all
this
Citie
,
which
is
the
chief
of
Castilla
)
should
bee
so
ill
requited
,
as
that
you
should
keep
secretly
in
your
hous
four
hundred
Lances
,
to
destroie
the
people
:
wee
require
you
forthwith
to
dismiss
them
,
and
reserv
onely
twentie
servants
about
you
,
if
not
,
the
Citie
will
take
their
remedie
.
This
was
not
very
pleasing
to
the
Lord
Constable
,
but
it
behoved
him
to
satisfie
their
desires
.
Yet
notwithstanding
hee
condescended
to
their
wills
,
Don
Diego
Sarmiento
the
Earl
of
Salinas
with
the
Dutchess
and
the
Countess
their
wives
.
After
this
,
seeing
himself
the
object
of
the
people's
malice
,
and
every
hour
in
danger
to
lose
his
life
;
hee
conditioned
with
the
people
to
let
him
go
freely
with
all
his
familie
out
of
the
Citie
;
Which
beeing
granted
,
hee
went
to
a
Town
of
his
called
Briviesca
.
This
example
of
the
People
of
Burgos
,
made
other
places
commit
the
like
audacities
against
their
Lords
;
as
Haro
against
the
Earl
of
Haro
,
Son
to
the
Lord
high
Constable
;
Duenias
against
the
Earl
of
Buendia
;
and
also
Naxara
against
the
Duke
;
although
that
Citie
doth
allege
and
prove
that
they
rose
not
for
the
Commonaltie
,
but
for
the
King
,
whose
subjects
and
tenants
(
they
saie
)
they
are
.
The
Lord
high
Constable
beeing
at
Briviesca
,
very
full
of
care
and
sorrow
to
see
the
Kingdom
in
so
great
distempers
,
and
so
little
probabilitie
of
any
remedie
;
about
the
middle
of
September
arrived
Lope
Hurtado
de
Mendoça
with
dispatches
and
orders
from
the
Emperor
,
importing
that
hee
should
bee
Governor
of
Castilla
and
Navarra
joyntly
with
the
Cardinal
and
the
Admiral
of
Castilla
;
Which
having
read
,
hee
presently
accepted
the
Government
of
the
Kingdoms
:
But
becaus
the
Commission
was
for
them
all
three
,
hee
could
not
so
suddenly
execute
the
Command
.
For
the
Cardinal
was
as
yet
at
Valladolid
,
and
the
Admiral
in
Catalunia
,
in
the
Countie
of
Cabra
,
whither
the
dispatches
were
sent
to
him
,
who
was
of
opinion
to
defer
the
acceptance
of
that
Charge
,
until
his
return
into
Castilla
,
and
to
use
som
means
in
the
interim
to
agree
and
accommodate
the
differences
of
the
Commonalties
,
as
you
have
already
heard
.
Which
difficultie
beeing
related
to
the
Emperor
,
beeing
on
the
waie
to
Aquisgran
,
where
hee
was
Crowned
;
hee
sent
other
Letters
dated
the
17
October
following
,
with
special
command
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
that
having
assembled
som
of
the
Council
,
hee
should
,
alone
with
them
,
execute
the
charge
of
Governor
of
the
Kingdoms
,
&
provide
for
the
remedying
of
the
present
disorders
,
until
such
time
as
the
Cardinal
,
and
the
Admiral
could
com
to
join
with
him
;
which
hee
did
,
as
shall
appear
hereafter
.
SECT.
VII
.
THe
Lord
High
Constable
seeing
the
remedie
of
the
Kingdoms
to
lie
upon
his
account
(
although
hee
was
much
offended
with
those
of
Burgos
)
without
seeking
any
reparation
of
honor
,
prudently
endeavored
by
fair
means
and
treatments
full
of
courtesie
,
to
appeas
that
people
,
and
reduce
them
into
the
Roial
waie
of
doing
their
Prince
service
;
for
it
was
of
no
small
importance
for
him
,
at
the
beginning
of
his
Government
,
to
gain
that
Citie
,
and
settle
himself
in
it
,
beeing
the
chief
of
Castilla
,
and
a
place
of
such
greatness
and
esteem
.
Hee
kept
intelligence
with
som
principal
Gentlemen
of
Burgos
,
by
whose
industrie
the
Citie
was
so
well
disposed
and
ordered
,
that
within
a
short
time
after
,
hee
became
master
of
it
;
This
was
the
first
symptom
of
the
Countrie
's
health
,
and
an
Antidote
against
the
desperate
poison
which
had
so
infected
the
whole
Kingdom
.
The
Lord
High
Constable
,
together
with
the
Citie
,
committed
to
the
Charge
of
Don
Diego
Lopez
de
Castro
,
the
government
of
the
Castle
of
Lara
,
with
the
territories
thereof
,
hee
having
first
taken
the
Oath
of
Fealtie
,
as
hee
was
a
Gentleman
,
according
to
the
order
and
manner
of
Castilla
,
to
keep
it
for
the
Emperor
.
From
this
time
forwards
Burgos
began
to
have
an
ill
conceit
of
the
Iunta
,
disliking
more
and
more
their
proceedings
,
especially
their
ill
treating
of
the
Cardinal
and
those
of
the
Council
,
and
sent
to
their
Commissioners
to
com
away
from
Tordesillas
.
After
which
they
wrote
to
Valladolid
,
in
testimonie
of
their
Loialtie
,
encouraging
and
persuading
those
of
that
Citie
to
do
the
like
,
in
order
to
their
due
obedience
to
his
Majestie
,
and
the
pacification
of
the
Kingdoms
.
SECT.
VIII
.
THose
of
Valladolid
,
beeing
ill
satisfied
with
the
letters
which
they
received
from
Burgos
,
returned
them
no
answer
,
esteeming
them
people
of
small
resolution
or
constancie
,
and
not
fit
to
bee
trusted
.
Those
of
Burgos
sent
letters
likewise
to
those
of
the
Junta
,
telling
them
manie
things
by
way
of
exhortation
and
advice
,
amongst
the
rest
,
That
they
should
leav
the
Queen
in
her
free
libertie
,
to
do
what
shee
pleased
,
and
to
let
things
remain
in
the
same
condition
the
Emperor
had
left
them
,
with
other
circumstances
,
which
were
contradicto●ie
to
what
formerly
they
seemed
to
desire
.
Whereby
it
appeared
,
that
they
declined
the
Interest
of
the
Junta
,
and
favored
the
Lord
High
Constable's
Partie
.
Som
other
places
of
the
Kingdom
also
began
to
bee
more
moderate
,
by
the
Letters
and
promises
which
they
received
from
the
Cardinal
,
and
other
Gentlemen
of
note
.
SECT.
IX
.
IN
the
Citie
of
Valladolid
the
people
were
still
divided
by
several
factions
,
some
transported
with
a
blind
zeal
,
pres●ed
for
obedience
to
those
of
the
Iunta
,
thinking
whatsoever
they
ordained
was
good
and
holie
;
others
desired
with
no
less
earnestness
that
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
with
those
of
the
Council
,
might
bee
re-admitted
into
the
Citie
,
deeming
whatsoever
was
enacted
without
them
,
to
bee
wicked
and
unjust
:
And
hereupon
they
spoiled
and
murthered
one
another
,
like
people
without
sense
or
reason
.
Whereupon
they
wrote
to
the
Lord
Admiral
(
who
was
their
Countrie-man
and
neer
neighbor
)
giving
him
account
of
the
troubles
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
especially
of
the
mischiefs
which
they
feared
would
befall
that
Citie
in
particular
.
Whereunto
hee
sent
an
answer
with
an
extraordinarie
sens
of
sorrow
,
to
see
the
danger
whereunto
the
whole
Kingdom
was
brought
,
counselling
and
admonishing
them
to
have
a
care
left
they
lost
themselvs
:
Moreover
,
in
regard
that
Citie
had
been
noted
particularly
for
their
Loyaltie
to
their
King
,
and
for
the
relation
hee
had
to
it
by
his
birth
,
it
grieved
him
to
the
soul
to
see
it
in
such
extream
distraction
,
which
hee
feared
would
not
bee
so
easily
remedied
;
with
several
other
expressions
of
affection
and
tenderness
for
their
welfare
.
But
Valladolid
did
not
set
much
by
his
admonitions
at
that
time
:
But
afterwards
(
though
late
)
they
were
better
advised
,
and
they
found
in
the
Admiral
the
mercie
which
they
did
expect
,
as
shall
bee
set
down
hereafter
.
SECT.
X.
THe
Letters
from
Burgos
,
with
the
sedulous
and
prudent
endeavors
of
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
made
those
of
Valladolid
to
bethink
themselvs
a
little
,
and
with
a
kinde
of
remors
for
what
was
past
,
to
begin
to
understand
reason
,
although
the
greatest
part
(
but
not
the
best
)
stickled
hard
to
keep
the
Citie
in
obedience
to
the
Iunta
,
to
the
end
they
might
compass
their
own
ill
designes
.
After
this
the
Lord
high
Constable
sent
to
notifie
his
Commission
to
bee
Vice-Roy
and
Governor
,
together
with
the
Cardinal
and
Lord
Admiral
,
to
all
the
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
,
where
it
might
conveniently
bee
done
,
which
beeing
proclaimed
,
in
most
places
was
obeyed
.
Whereupon
hee
sent
to
all
his
kindred
and
friends
,
ordering
them
to
rais
what
forces
they
could
possibly
,
and
dispatched
messengers
to
all
the
Grandees
,
and
Gentlemen
of
note
in
the
Kingdom
,
encouraging
and
enjoyning
them
to
assemble
,
and
bee
assistant
to
him
.
And
he●ring
that
the
President
,
with
others
of
the
Council
,
were
fled
from
Valladolid
in
the
manner
before
mentioned
,
hee
sent
for
them
to
com
to
him
,
which
the
President
,
and
some
of
them
,
did
.
Afterwards
the
Letter
coming
to
his
hands
,
wherein
the
Emperor
Commanded
(
until
the
Lord
Admiral
could
joyn
with
them
)
That
hee
and
the
Cardinal
should
govern
;
Hee
presently
began
to
put
his
Majestie
's
orders
in
execution
,
using
means
to
rais
monie
for
the
levying
and
paying
of
Souldiers
:
For
without
the
force
of
Arms
it
seemed
impossible
to
do
any
good
;
and
therefore
hee
sent
to
borrow
fiftie
thousand
Duckets
of
the
King
of
Portugal
,
which
hee
lent
him
freely
.
With
which
monie
,
and
what
hee
had
of
his
own
,
or
could
procure
any
other
waie
,
hee
raised
some
Infantrie
.
Which
done
hee
wrote
to
the
Duke
of
Naxara
Don
Antonio
Manrique
Vice-Roy
of
Navarra
for
more
men
,
who
sent
him
five
hundred
foot
Souldiers
and
some
Artillerie
,
which
hee
also
desired
very
earnestly
.
Hee
sent
likewise
for
those
of
the
Guards
,
who
came
from
that
expedition
,
which
was
called
De
les
Gelues
;
Some
of
which
were
readie
to
put
themselvs
in
the
King's
service
,
others
took
up
Arms
for
the
Junta
,
by
the
persuasion
and
means
of
Don
Pedro
Giron
(
who
was
upon
tearms
of
beeing
their
Captain
General
)
and
of
the
Bishop
Don
Antonio
de
Acunia
,
a
great
stickler
for
the
Commonaltie
.
Also
hee
carried
the
business
with
those
of
Burgos
in
such
manner
,
that
they
all
should
bee
ingaged
in
the
Emperor's
service
,
promising
them
very
fair
conditions
,
and
delivering
into
their
hands
Don
Iuan
de
Tovar
Marquis
of
Berlanga
,
his
second
Son
,
and
Don
Bernardino
de
Velasco
,
his
yongest
Son
,
as
hostages
,
until
such
time
as
his
Majestie
should
allow
and
confirm
his
agreement
with
them
.
SECT.
XI
.
WHilest
the
Lord
High
Constable
was
making
all
these
diligences
,
the
Cardinal
stole
secretly
out
of
Valladolid
(
as
you
heard
already
,
upon
the
20
of
October
1520
,
with
one
single
Page
,
and
thence
hee
went
to
Rioseco
;
whence
hee
gave
notice
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
and
other
Grandees
of
the
Kingdom
,
desiring
them
to
send
him
men
,
and
to
repair
thither
in
his
favor
;
which
they
did
.
The
first
that
came
to
him
,
were
,
the
Marquis
of
Astorga
,
who
brought
with
him
the
26
October
,
eight
hundred
Cross-bow-men
,
two
hundred
musketiers
,
four
hundred
men
Armed
with
Targets
and
head-pieces
,
two
hundred
Lances
,
and
one
hundred
Light-horsmen
.
The
Earl
of
Venaivente
came
,
the
next
daie
following
,
into
Medina
,
with
two
thousand
five
hundred
Foot
,
and
two
hundred
and
fiftie
Lances
.
The
Earl
of
Lemos
brought
fifteen
hundred
men
.
The
Earl
of
Valencia
a
thousand
.
All
which
Noblemen
,
with
some
of
the
Council
,
staied
in
Rioseco
with
the
Cardinal
,
exspecting
more
forces
.
Don
Hernando
de
Vega
,
Lord
of
Grajal
,
brought
three
hundred
and
fiftie
men
;
and
the
Admiral
,
Lord
of
that
Town
,
wrote
,
hee
would
speedily
bee
there
also
.
The
Lord
High
Constable
was
very
glad
to
hear
of
the
Cardinal's
escape
.
And
according
to
his
Agreement
with
those
of
Burgos
,
hee
entred
into
the
Citie
the
first
daie
of
November
,
and
notwithstanding
some
opposition
,
hee
possessed
himself
of
it
.
Whence
communicating
by
Letters
with
the
Cardinal
,
and
other
Nobles
at
Rioseco
,
they
concluded
,
since
there
was
no
other
remedie
,
that
they
should
carrie
on
their
business
by
force
of
Arms
;
That
the
Rande-vous
should
bee
there
at
Rioseco
,
that
beeing
the
most
convenient
place
,
becaus
nearest
to
Tordesillas
,
where
the
Iunta
was
likewise
making
their
Armie
.
Hee
resolved
(
it
beeing
generally
so
agreed
upon
)
to
staie
at
Burgos
,
with
such
force
as
hee
thought
convenient
,
to
oppose
and
suppress
the
Merindades
,
which
were
risen
,
(
of
whom
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
with
small
discretion
,
had
made
himself
Captain
)
and
sent
his
son
Don
Pedro
de
Velasco
,
Earl
of
Haro
,
as
Captain
General
of
the
Souldiers
and
Artillerie
that
were
sent
him
out
of
Navarra
,
and
those
Hors
&
Foot
that
were
at
Medina
de
Rioseco
.
The
Earl
of
Haro
departed
from
Burgos
about
the
middle
of
November
,
and
went
to
Melgar
,
eight
leagues
from
thence
;
Where
hee
staied
to
gather
more
Forces
:
Don
Pedro
Veloz
de
Guevaro
,
Earl
of
Oniate
,
Don
Garcia
Manrique
,
Earl
of
Osorno
,
the
Martial
of
Fromesta
,
Don
Alonso
de
Peralta
,
and
other
Gentlemen
,
met
him
there
,
everie
one
bringing
as
many
men
as
they
could
rais
,
thence
they
continued
their
march
to
Rioseco
,
whither
every
daie
came
Gentlemen
with
other
Forces
.
Of
all
which
,
the
Lord
High
Constable
gave
a
particular
relation
to
the
Emperor
.
SECT.
XII
.
FRom
the
very
daie
that
those
of
the
Iunta
were
informed
of
the
naming
of
the
two
Governors
,
they
thought
it
was
time
for
them
to
provide
more
forces
then
what
they
yet
had
raised
.
To
which
effect
they
presently
dispatched
Letters
to
all
the
Cities
of
their
League
,
advertising
them
of
the
great
preparations
the
Governors
were
making
,
and
that
they
must
furnish
both
men
and
monie
.
They
wrote
also
to
Don
Manuel
,
King
of
Portugal
,
thinking
to
gain
him
to
their
Partie
;
but
what
Answer
hee
returned
I
could
never
learn
.
SECT.
XIII
.
THose
of
the
Iunta
,
seeing
so
great
a
confluence
of
Souldiers
com
daily
to
Rioseco
,
they
dispatch'd
messengers
presently
to
their
several
Cities
,
desiring
they
would
speedily
send
thither
what
forces
they
could
make
.
Salamanca
,
with
the
territories
t●erof
,
furnished
two
hundred
Lances
,
and
six
thousand
Foot
,
which
,
with
those
from
Toledo
,
Madrid
,
and
Segovia
,
made
a
reasonable
good
Armie
.
Thus
both
sides
prepared
what
forces
they
could
to
destroie
one
another
.
Those
of
Valladolid
,
seeing
themselvs
in
the
middle
of
these
two
Parties
,
and
both
very
near
them
,
beeing
not
determined
which
side
to
take
,
resolved
to
send
to
them
both
.
Their
Messengers
,
Don
Pedro
Vaçan
Lord
of
Van̄eça
,
Doctor
Francisco
de
Espinosa
,
Pulgar
and
Diego
de
Zamora
,
Batchellors
at
Law
,
in
the
name
of
their
Citie
said
to
those
of
the
Iunta
,
That
if
they
did
continue
in
doing
that
which
was
just
and
good
for
the
Commonalties
,
as
they
had
begun
,
the
Citie
of
Valladolid
,
with
all
their
Armie
and
power
,
would
assist
them
,
but
if
otherwise
,
they
would
decline
their
Interest
,
and
resist
them
.
Thence
they
went
to
Rioseco
,
and
said
as
much
to
the
Cardinal
,
and
those
of
the
Council
;
adding
moreover
,
that
they
should
not
intermeddle
,
or
hinder
anie
thing
which
the
Iunta
had
done
in
favor
of
the
Commonaltie
of
the
Kingdom
,
upon
which
condition
they
would
obey
them
in
all
things
,
and
(
if
they
pleased
)
receiv
them
into
their
Citie
with
honor
and
respect
:
And
they
did
require
them
in
the
names
and
behalf
of
the
Infante
,
Gentlemen
and
Commonaltie
of
Valladolid
,
That
they
would
not
rais
any
Souldiers
,
nor
make
any
scandals
or
offence
to
the
Countrie
,
by
gathering
together
Armies
,
otherwise
,
that
they
did
protest
against
them
.
A
brave
resolution
of
those
of
Valladolid
to
stand
out
against
them
both
.
SECT.
XIV
.
NOtwithstanding
the
different
factions
which
divided
Valladolid
,
they
were
all
generally
well
affected
to
the
Lord
Admiral
,
and
desired
hee
should
com
amongst
them
,
hoping
his
presence
would
conduce
much
to
the
remedying
of
those
mischiefs
,
hee
beeing
a
very
noble
Gentleman
,
and
no
waie
addicted
to
passion
,
or
partialitie
.
The
Lord
Admiral
,
having
intelligence
of
all
that
passed
in
Valladolid
,
wrote
them
a
Letter
,
saying
,
That
although
hee
did
not
desire
to
bee
pestered
with
those
troubles
and
confusions
,
yet
his
coming
thither
should
not
bee
deferred
much
longer
.
That
his
intention
was
to
do
good
to
them
all
generally
,
being
very
much
grieved
for
what
had
passed
amongst
them
.
That
he
could
not
choos
but
admire
at
the
tumultuous
risings
of
the
Kingdom
.
That
if
they
had
but
written
twice
or
thrice
to
his
Majestie
,
he
would
have
remedied
all
those
disorders
,
by
granting
what
they
desir'd
.
That
their
keeping
Guards
,
and
going
their
Rounds
about
the
Citie
,
tended
to
nothing
but
the
consuming
of
their
Estates
,
destroying
of
their
Trade
,
the
undoing
of
the
Husbandmen
and
Common
People
,
for
which
hee
was
very
sorrie
.
That
the
whole
world
took
notice
heretofore
of
the
nobleness
and
loialtie
of
these
Kingdoms
:
And
now
their
inconstancie
,
divisions
,
and
factious
insurrections
,
afforded
matter
of
discours
to
all
other
Nations
.
That
they
should
take
notice
that
the
great
Turk
was
com
with
a
mightie
Armie
against
Rodes
,
ravaging
and
spoiling
Christendom
both
by
Sea
and
Land
,
and
that
by
reason
of
these
dissentions
,
animosities
,
and
confusion
amongst
the
people
,
it
were
no
hard
matter
for
him
to
gain
footing
in
these
Kingdoms
.
Therefore
hee
affectionately
desired
them
all
to
bee
pacified
,
and
to
believ
,
that
his
Majestie
was
very
much
troubled
and
aggrieved
at
these
sad
occurrences
:
And
that
at
his
return
hee
would
procure
the
good
of
the
Kingdoms
.
This
Letter
beeing
read
in
the
publick
Assemblie
of
Valladolid
,
did
sufficiently
startle
som
of
them
,
but
they
hoped
for
a
●emedie
from
heaven
.
After
this
the
Lord
Admiral
beeing
at
Zerbera
,
wrote
another
Letter
to
them
in
a
manner
to
the
same
effect
.
Which
beeing
heard
and
seen
by
those
of
Valladolid
,
t●ey
were
astonished
at
the
words
and
counsel
wh●ch
hee
gave
them
therein
,
not
knowing
how
to
answer
his
reasons
,
nor
to
what
they
should
attribute
his
counsels
.
Som
that
were
of
opinion
that
the
Iunta
was
wicked
and
unlawful
,
would
have
it
bee
dissolved
;
others
extolling
it
to
the
skie●
,
urged
,
that
every
bodie
ought
to
conform
themselvs
thereunto
.
The
Nobles
and
Gentrie
at
Rioseco
were
very
desirous
to
re-unite
and
pacifie
Valladolid
,
it
beeing
so
considerable
a
place
,
thinking
besides
,
that
if
they
were
but
Masters
thereof
,
they
should
with
more
facilitie
compass
their
design
upon
the
other
Cities
:
To
this
effect
they
used
all
the
policie
and
subtil
inventions
possible
,
sending
messengers
,
and
holding
private
intelligence
with
those
of
the
Citie
,
who
were
well
affected
and
desired
the
King's
service
.
The
Citie
was
in
this
season
more
strictly
watched
then
before
,
they
making
secret
Rounds
,
and
placing
strong
Guards
at
all
the
Gates
;
for
the
contrarie
parti●
(
which
was
the
most
powerful
)
was
jealous
,
and
afraid
of
som
double
dealing
.
SECT.
XV.
AT
the
same
time
that
Valladolid
received
the
Lord
Admiral
's
Letters
,
others
were
brought
to
them
from
Burgos
,
which
were
likewise
read
in
the
publick
Assemblie
of
the
Citie
.
The
Reader
may
imagine
what
various
humors
,
what
speeches
,
what
factions
,
what
passions
were
engendred
,
by
the
Contents
of
those
Letters
;
finally
,
what
confusion
they
might
breed
in
so
noble
and
spatious
a
Citie
,
(
the
seat
of
the
Kings
of
Spain
)
and
what
judgments
and
censures
might
there-hence
take
their
rise
,
and
fill
the
malicious
heads
of
the
Common
people
;
not
knowing
well
which
hand
they
had
best
to
use
,
they
resolved
to
plaie
with
both
,
and
sent
again
to
the
Cardinal
,
Governor
,
and
those
of
the
Junta
also
,
their
Embassadors
Don
Pedro
Vaçan
,
and
the
others
before
mentioned
,
with
certain
Articles
which
they
thought
were
convenient
for
the
pacification
of
the
Kingdoms
,
The
Cardinal
with
those
of
the
Council
,
gave
them
a
fair
reception
,
and
a
satisfactorie
answer
:
Those
of
the
Junta
did
no
less
,
desiring
to
make
them
of
their
pack
,
and
moreover
,
they
wrote
a
Letter
to
those
of
the
Commonaltie
in
Valladolid
,
with
some
expressions
of
zeal
and
affection
mingled
with
reprehensions
for
their
luke-warmness
and
indifferencie
.
SECT.
XVI
.
ON
Sundaie
the
eleventh
of
October
,
one
Al●nso
de
Vera
got
up
into
the
Pulpit
of
the
Cathedral
Church
of
Valladolid
,
and
read
to
the
people
two
Letters
,
one
from
those
of
the
Iunta
,
wherein
they
desired
,
that
Valladolid
would
assist
and
stand
to
them
,
as
they
had
promissed
,
and
fulfil
what
they
had
commanded
them
.
The
other
was
from
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
in
which
hee
offered
them
his
service
,
desiring
that
as
hee
had
alwaies
shewed
a
particular
affection
to
that
Citie
,
and
been
tender
of
their
welfare
,
they
would
receiv
him
,
in
regard
hee
was
Captain
General
of
the
Junta's
forces
,
and
desired
nothing
but
the
good
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
his
Majestie
's
service
,
neither
would
hee
act
any
thing
but
with
the
good
liking
and
consent
of
Valladolid
.
The
people
were
exceedingly
taken
with
these
Letters
,
and
said
,
they
would
do
whatsoever
therein
was
required
,
and
that
Don
Pedro
should
bee
welcom
into
the
Citie
;
And
the
next
daie
hee
made
his
entrie
,
all
the
people
of
Valladolid
going
forth
to
receiv
him
with
great
applause
.
This
War
beeing
betwixt
kindred
,
friends
,
and
Countrie
men
,
there
was
as
much
diligence
used
to
gain
places
,
and
good
wills
,
by
Letters
,
as
by
force
of
Arms.
The
Earl
of
Venavente
,
and
the
Lord
Admiral
of
Castilla
were
in
a
manner
Natives
and
Citizens
of
Valladolid
,
their
families
from
many
generations
,
having
had
their
principal
mansions
there
,
and
the
Citie
bare
them
great
respect
,
as
they
had
reason
.
These
Noble-men
shewing
their
affection
to
Valladolid
,
as
their
Native
soil
,
and
seeing
it
so
far
plunged
in
these
distractions
,
either
out
of
hope
to
reduce
it
by
fair
means
,
or
meerly
out
of
their
love
and
desire
of
its
good
and
preservation
,
they
both
endeavored
by
Letters
to
make
them
sensible
of
their
errors
.
The
Lord
Admiral
chiefly
desired
,
that
they
would
let
him
com
into
their
Citie
,
promising
,
that
hee
would
bee
as
vigilant
and
careful
of
their
general
good
,
as
of
any
particular
persons
▪
That
hee
would
imploy
in
their
defens
his
own
life
,
and
fortune
:
If
that
could
not
bee
granted
,
that
they
would
send
any
three
,
whom
they
thought
fittest
,
to
meet
and
confer
with
him
,
two
or
three
leagues
thence
,
where
they
pleased
.
But
Valladolid
would
accept
of
none
of
these
conditions
,
alledging
that
such
enter-views
would
bee
ill
taken
,
and
that
people
would
bee
apt
thereupon
to
saie
,
Burgos
having
Articled
and
agreed
with
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
that
Valladolid
would
do
the
lik●
.
So
they
returned
the
Lord
Admiral
no
other
Answer
,
then
that
for
the
present
they
could
not
condescend
to
any
of
those
things
which
his
Lordship
desired
.
To
the
Earl
of
Venavente's
Letter
they
briefly
thus
replied
,
That
since
his
Lordship
was
so
Noble
,
as
to
offer
them
his
own
person
,
and
men
,
they
desired
that
hee
would
keep
his
promise
,
in
letting
them
have
the
said
men
to
send
to
Tordesillas
,
in
the
Iunta's
service
,
and
upon
that
condition
,
they
should
carrie
the
Colours
and
Arms
of
Valladolid
.
These
Letters
were
dispatched
in
the
name
of
the
Citie
by
the
Prior
of
the
great
Church
,
who
was
a
grand
Commoner
.
These
answers
beeing
sent
to
the
two
Noble-men
,
the
Citie
gave
order
for
the
raising
of
more
men
to
send
to
the
Iunta
,
becaus
there
were
many
wanting
of
the
thousand
which
they
had
sent
.
Moreover
,
Command
was
given
for
the
gathering
of
one
hundred
Duckets
out
of
every
Ward
,
which
amounted
to
one
thousand
four
hundred
Duckets
.
Which
was
forthwith
done
,
and
the
thousand
men
compleated
.
After
this
they
caused
a
Proclamation
to
bee
made
throughout
the
Citie
,
commanding
all
and
everie
of
the
Commonaltie
to
appear
under
pain
of
beeing
accused
for
Malignants
,
or
Ill-affected
to
the
Iunta
.
Who
beeing
all
assembled
,
they
made
them
swear
by
the
Holie
Evangelists
,
and
upon
the
Cross
in
forma
,
that
under
pain
of
beeing
infamous
perjurers
and
faith-breakers
,
they
should
bee
readie
to
serv
,
favor
,
and
assist
in
whatsoever
those
of
the
Iunta
should
do
,
in
order
to
the
service
of
God
,
SECT.
XVII
.
I
Have
already
declared
,
how
the
Citie
of
Segovia
was
divided
by
several
factions
,
insomuch
that
they
seemed
to
bee
in
Civil
War
amongst
themselvs
.
The
Earl
of
Chinchon
defended
the
Forts
.
Within
the
Citie
there
were
several
houses
of
strength
,
wherein
som
of
the
Roial
partie
fortified
themselvs
,
others
did
the
like
in
the
Cathedral
Church
.
The
Fort
beeing
but
slenderly
mann'd
,
the
Earl
of
Chinchon
went
to
Burgos
,
to
desire
succour
from
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
who
sent
ten
Musketiers
,
valiant
and
resolute
men
,
with
order
to
get
into
the
Fort
,
●s
they
could
.
They
arrived
at
Pedraça
on
Fridaie
morning
,
23
of
November
,
where
they
took
abou●
one
hundred
weight
of
powder
,
and
kept
themselvs
private
until
the
Evening
;
Night
beeing
com
,
they
marched
with
a
guide
(
who
led
them
by-waies
)
to
Parral
,
where
hee
left
them
,
and
the
Moon
beeing
down
,
they
went
into
the
Fort
,
without
any
one's
taking
notice
of
them
;
which
was
the
better
effected
,
becaus
that
very
daie
those
of
Segovia
had
assaulted
the
Church
,
and
were
wearie
,
having
found
strong
resistance
.
The
next
daie
,
it
beeing
noised
in
the
Citie
,
that
the
Fort
had
received
succour
in
the
night
,
they
were
much
scandalized
,
and
troubled
at
it
,
Don
Pedro
Giron
(
whom
they
all
looked
upon
as
Captain
General
)
remained
to
make
and
order
the
Armie
,
as
shall
bee
more
at
large
declared
in
the
following
Book
.
Finis
Libri
Quarti
.
THE
CIVIL
WARS
OF
SPAIN
.
THE
FIFTH
BOOK
.
SECT.
I.
THe
Passions
of
the
people
in
Castilla
grew
to
such
mortal
animosities
,
that
pens
and
tongues
beeing
wearied
,
they
fell
to
preparing
arms
and
munition
of
war
:
as
when
an
Impostume
fester's
,
no
cure
can
bee
exspected
,
but
by
the
applying
of
hot
burning
Iron
.
Those
Gentlemen
who
were
the
chief
sticklers
for
the
Commonalties
,
beeing
lanch'd
forth
into
the
deepest
of
the
sea
of
passion
,
knowing
how
ill
a
name
they
had
acquired
(
which
exceedingly
offended
their
presumption
,
)
were
already
grown
so
desperate
,
that
they
cared
not
to
lose
their
Countries
,
Estates
,
Wives
,
Children
,
or
their
own
Lives
,
desiring
to
hazard
all
in
the
Lotterie
of
Arms
,
and
make
or
destroie
their
fortunes
in
one
Battle
;
wherein
,
if
their
designs
had
been
crowned
with
success
,
doubtless
,
they
would
have
changed
their
styles
,
and
beeing
victorious
,
remained
with
the
glorious
attribute
of
Redeemers
and
Defenders
of
their
Countrie
:
for
humane
judgments
determine
by
the
Event
,
not
by
the
middle
or
beginning
of
any
Enterprise
.
Though
it
hath
been
the
ordinarie
defect
of
other
Commonalties
to
have
but
slender
forces
,
this
was
so
powerful
,
Don
Carlos
hardly
ever
would
have
recovered
the
Crown
of
Spain
.
The
Common
people
were
to
blame
,
and
the
Gentrie
not
to
bee
excused
,
for
opposing
and
rising
against
their
Sovereign's
Ministers
;
yet
wee
must
of
necessitie
confess
,
that
they
were
valiant
.
That
there
were
divers
exorbitancies
,
outrages
,
and
insolencies
committed
,
What
wonder
is
it
amongst
the
respectless
and
libertine
People
?
and
that
the
Gentlemen
depended
more
upon
them
,
then
they
upon
the
Nobles
,
who
assisted
them
.
If
wee
see
an
Armie
well
disciplined
,
the
Souldiers
subject
and
obedient
to
their
Captains
,
shall
wee
saie
absolutely
all
those
in
that
Armie
are
Traitors
?
for
my
part
I
would
not
;
neither
is
it
any
such
great
marvel
that
children
rise
up
against
their
own
fathers
;
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
and
other
Captains
of
the
Commonaltie
,
were
assembled
.
The
time
beeing
com
(
although
the
season
was
very
sharp
and
unfit
for
an
Armie
to
keep
the
field
,
beeing
almost
in
the
depth
of
Winter
)
they
all
put
themselvs
in
a
readiness
,
and
in
the
name
of
the
Iunta
,
they
wrote
fresh
Letters
to
the
Cities
and
Towns
of
their
Combination
,
to
send
immediately
all
the
forces
they
could
possibly
rais
;
which
they
did
.
Those
of
the
Iunta
,
according
to
agreement
,
Voted
Don
Pedro
Giron
Captain
General
of
their
Forces
,
and
sent
him
a
Commission
from
the
Queen
,
and
the
Kingdom
,
Thinking
that
hee
beeing
a
person
of
so
noble
extraction
,
and
allied
to
so
many
Grandees
of
Castilla
,
would
gain
a
great
reputation
to
their
Partie
;
And
most
men
were
of
opinion
,
that
Don
Pedro
Giron
accepted
thereof
,
and
wedded
the
Interest
of
the
Commonaltie
meerly
for
his
own
ends
,
and
that
by
means
of
these
troubles
and
commotions
,
hee
might
get
possession
of
the
Dukedom
of
M●dina
Sidonia
,
which
(
as
hath
been
already
said
)
hee
pretended
was
his
right
.
This
Election
did
not
digest
well
in
Iohn
de
Padilla's
stomach
,
who
,
till
then
,
had
executed
the
office
of
Captain
General
,
and
presumed
it
should
bee
confirmed
upon
him
,
and
for
his
sake
,
neither
the
Commissioners
of
Toledo
,
nor
of
Madrid
,
would
give
their
Votes
for
Don
Pedro.
Iohn
de
Padilla
beeing
informed
of
all
these
passages
,
before
that
Don
Pedro
Giron
came
to
take
his
staff
,
pretending
I
know
not
what
occasion
,
rode
poste
to
Toledo
;
and
his
men
,
seeing
their
Captain
gone
,
would
staie
no
longer
in
the
Armie
,
but
the
next
daie
took
the
same
waie
after
him
.
Notwithstanding
all
this
,
Don
Pedro
Giron
accepted
the
Charge
,
and
came
to
Tordesillas
with
fourscore
Lances
of
his
own
,
appointed
a
Randevous
for
his
Armie
,
wherein
hee
was
much
assisted
by
the
industrie
and
diligence
of
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
who
brought
to
the
service
of
the
Iunta
near
five
hundred
men
with
arms
,
of
the
antient
Guards
of
the
Kingdom
,
(
for
the
rest
were
gone
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
)
hee
brought
moreover
,
seventie
Lances
of
his
own
,
and
almost
a
thousand
Foot
,
four
hundred
whereof
were
Priests
of
his
own
Bishoprick
,
besides
the
people
of
Zamora
,
whom
hee
had
at
his
devotion
;
for
by
favor
of
the
Junta
,
hee
had
driven
the
Earl
of
Alva
out
of
Zamora
,
and
made
himself
Master
thereof
.
Every
daie
came
fresh
supplies
from
the
other
Cities
,
both
of
Hors
and
Foot
,
all
well
armed
,
and
with
them
som
Gentlemen
and
Commanders
.
From
Salamanca
came
Don
Pedro
Maldonado
,
with
about
a
thousand
Foot
:
Other
Cities
appointed
those
who
were
their
Commissioners
in
the
Junta
to
bee
their
Captains
;
As
Leon
chose
Gonsalo
de
Guzman
,
son
to
Ramiro
Nun̄ez
;
and
the
Citie
of
Toro
,
Don
Hernando
de
Ulloa
,
who
were
their
Commissioners
;
and
so
likewise
did
other
places
.
Thus
those
of
the
Junta
grew
from
daie
to
daie
more
powerful
,
beeing
resolved
to
end
the
business
by
force
of
Arms.
Their
mouths
were
all
filled
with
reproachful
and
threatning
language
,
especially
the
Common-people's
,
who
called
the
Grandees
and
Gentrie
of
the
Countrie
,
Traitors
&
enemies
of
the
Kingdom
,
saying
,
they
had
destroied
&
taken
away
their
estates
;
(
which
availed
them
nothing
)
but
who
can
restrein
a
multitude
?
Amongst
other
impertinencies
,
they
said
,
That
the
Queen
should
do
well
to
marrie
the
Duke
of
Calabria
,
Don
Hernando
de
Aragon
,
son
to
Frederick
last
K.
of
Naples
,
who
,
since
the
time
of
the
Catholick
King
,
had
been
kept
prisoner
in
Xativa
,
in
the
Kingdom
of
Valencia
;
I
believ
this
was
onely
put
upon
those
of
the
Junta
,
and
that
they
neither
did
,
nor
thought
any
such
thing
.
But
the
truth
is
,
their
passion
was
grown
to
such
an
height
,
that
they
never
so
much
as
named
the
Emperor
in
their
Proclamations
,
though
they
had
sworn
Allegiance
to
him
,
as
their
King
,
but
all
passed
in
the
names
of
the
Queen
and
Kingdom
:
Insomuch
that
the
hatred
and
enmitie
betwixt
the
two
parties
became
implacable
,
and
both
made
all
preparations
possible
for
a
war.
In
short
time
those
of
the
Junta
had
put
their
forces
in
a
readiness
,
and
equipage
to
march
unto
the
field
,
as
was
determined
.
SECT.
II.
'MOngst
these
occurrences
arrived
the
Lord
Admiral
at
Medina
de
Rioseco
,
where
hee
was
met
and
received
by
all
the
Noble-men
and
Gentle-men
,
(
who
were
com
thither
to
the
Cardinal
)
with
their
Souldiers
all
armed
,
and
drawn
up
in
Battle-Array
.
Hee
expressed
much
gladness
to
see
so
many
gallant
men
,
and
persons
of
such
eminent
qualitie
:
Y●t
hee
had
no
intention
,
to
wade
through
blood
to
the
accomplishment
of
his
desires
,
but
rather
by
fair
means
,
if
possible
,
to
settle
the
disturbed
State
of
the
Kingdoms
;
which
to
effect
,
hee
left
no
stone
unturn'd
,
and
at
last
hee
obtained
,
that
three
or
four
of
the
Commissioners
of
the
Iunta
should
give
him
a
meeting
at
Torrelobaton
,
where
they
consumed
five
or
six
daies
in
treating
,
but
all
his
reasons
,
persuasions
,
and
fair
promisses
could
bring
them
to
no
reason
:
Before
they
would
harken
to
any
proposition
of
his
,
they
demanded
that
the
Lord
high
Constable
should
renounce
,
and
leav
off
the
exercise
of
Vice-Roy
and
Governor
,
which
hee
had
begun
to
execute
;
And
whilest
the
Lord
Admiral
was
thus
treating
with
them
,
the
Iunta
commanded
a
Proclamation
to
bee
made
against
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
and
the
Earl
of
Alva
de
Lista
,
as
is
before
mentioned
,
and
other
Noble-men
:
And
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
with
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
had
orders
to
draw
their
Armie
into
the
field
,
which
was
seaventeen
thousand
Foot
,
besides
good
store
of
hors
,
and
much
Artillerie
,
which
had
been
brought
from
Medina
del
Campo
.
Whereupon
the
Lord
Admiral
despairing
of
any
Peace
,
protested
against
them
,
and
returned
to
Rioseco
,
beeing
resolved
to
accept
the
Government
joyntly
with
the
Cardinal
and
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
in
regard
those
fair
conditions
of
agreement
,
which
hee
offred
,
were
slighted
and
rejected
.
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
Captain-General
for
the
Iunta
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Zamora●
with
his
Souldiers
and
band
of
Priests
,
marched
out
the
2●th
daie
of
November
1520
,
and
quartered
their
Armie
that
night
in
Villabraxima
,
Tordehumos
,
Villagarzia
,
and
other
places
about
Rioseco
,
with
intent
to
starve
or
drive
the
Cavaliers
thence
.
And
indeed
,
if
the
Commoners
had
been
men
at
that
time
,
they
might
have
done
it
.
From
their
head-quarters
at
Villabraxima
,
they
wrote
to
the
Citie
of
Valladolid
,
giving
them
an
account
of
their
advance
,
and
that
,
before
they
fell
upon
Rioseco
,
they
would
send
a
King
at
Arms
to
require
the
Lord
Admiral
,
and
those
of
the
Town
of
Rioseco
,
to
cast
out
those
thievs
,
and
destroyers
of
the
Kingdom
,
(
as
they
called
the
Cavaliers
)
;
if
not
that
they
would
use
means
to
take
them
,
and
hinder
the
Cardinal's
Government
,
it
beeing
a
thing
contrarie
to
the
Laws
,
and
Rights
of
the
Kingdom
.
SECT.
III.
AFter
this
,
the
Armie
of
the
Iunta
,
by
waie
of
justification
,
sent
their
Heralds
,
or
King
's
at
Arms
,
to
the
Lord
Admiral
,
with
the
other
Noble-men
,
and
Gentlemen
,
then
beeing
in
Rioseco
,
requiring
them
not
onely
to
leav
that
place
,
but
to
go
out
of
the
Countrie
,
and
desiring
those
of
the
said
Town
,
to
confirm
themselvs
to
those
of
the
Commonaltie
in
favor
of
his
Majestie
,
but
this
message
was
so
ill
resented
,
that
the
Heralds
found
but
sorrie
entertainment
,
being
apprehended
and
disarmed
by
order
from
the
Earls
of
Venavente
,
and
of
Alva
de
Lista
;
which
beeing
known
by
the
Iunta's
forces
,
they
presently
advanced
towards
Rioseco
,
The
Bishop
of
Zamora
marched
in
the
Van
with
five
thousand
men
,
fully
resolved
to
do
all
the
mischief
hee
could
to
the
Cavaliers
.
Hee
was
no
sooner
com
to
Villabraxima
,
but
the
two
hundred
lances
,
which
the
Marquis
of
Astorga
had
placed
there
,
took
their
heels
,
flying
with
such
disorder
and
haste
,
that
some
of
them
lost
their
Arms
before
they
could
reach
Rioseco
,
and
left
the
Place
cleer
for
the
Bishop
,
who
entering
,
said
,
Let
the
King
and
Commonaltie
live
,
and
evil
Counsel
perish
.
The
two
hundred
Lanciers
disorderly
flight
to
Medina
,
alarmed
the
Cavaliers
,
who
having
put
their
Armie
in
good
order
,
marched
into
the
field
,
with
intent
to
rout
the
Bishop
with
his
five
thousand
men
,
but
hee
valued
them
not
,
though
they
were
numerous
,
and
men
of
eminent
qualities
,
for
hee
knew
Don
Pedro
Giron
was
so
neer
with
the
Rere-guard
,
and
so
Vigilant
,
that
hee
would
bee
readie
to
back
and
assist
him
,
if
occasion
should
require
it
.
Thus
the
two
Armies
faced
one
another
,
each
watching
an
opportunitie
to
get
the
advantage
of
their
enemies
,
and
so
they
remained
both
drawn
up
in
Batalia
one
whole
daie
,
after
which
,
the
Cavaliers
retreated
to
Tordehumos
,
and
the
Iunta's
Armie
to
Villabraxima
,
both
neer
Rioseco
.
The
four
hundred
Priests
,
which
had
left
their
Altars
,
in
Imitation
of
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
to
sacrifice
their
bloods
in
this
Holie
enterprise
,
remained
at
Tordesillas
,
for
the
guard
of
the
Town
and
of
the
Iunta
,
who
out
of
respect
to
their
Sacerdotal
Dignities
,
would
not
permit
them
to
march
amongst
the
rabble
of
the
Common
Souldiers
.
Besides
these
Priests
,
remained
two
other
Companies
of
Foot
at
Tordesillas
,
and
some
hors
commanded
by
Hernando
de
Porras
,
Commissioner
of
Zamora
,
Gomez
de
Avila
,
and
others
.
Three
whole
daies
Don
Pedro
Giron
kept
his
Armie
in
order
,
offering
to
give
the
Cavaliers
Battle
,
but
they
would
not
;
and
indeed
it
had
been
madness
for
them
to
ingage
,
beeing
far
inferior
in
number
,
Don
Pedro
,
and
other
Gentlemen
,
begin
to
plaie
the
Traitors
.
and
not
so
well
armed
,
although
they
were
better
men
,
and
of
higher
courages
then
the
Common
People
,
yet
they
thought
it
their
securest
waie
to
exspect
the
Earl
of
Haro's
coming
,
(
their
Captain-General
)
who
was
reported
to
bee
upon
his
march
thither
;
and
besides
they
were
in
hopes
t●
obtain
the
Victorie
by
some
other
means
,
without
any
loss
of
blood
,
the
Lord
Admiral
having
some
overtures
thereof
by
private
intelligence
,
and
dealing
with
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
and
som
other
Gentlemen
,
who
sided
with
the
Commoners
,
whom
if
hee
could
handsomly
have
taken
off
,
it
would
have
been
no
hard
matter
to
have
routed
the
Vulgar
Pack
of
Tailors
,
Shoomakers
,
Skinners
,
Curriers
,
&
such
like
;
whereof
the
rest
of
their
Armi●
was
compos'd
.
But
the
Commoners
perceiving
themselvs
much
the
stronger
Partie
,
infested
the
Cavaliers
with
such
skirmishes
and
hot
alarms
both
night
&
daie
,
that
they
could
take
no
rest
all
the
while
they
staied
at
Tordehumos
;
And
hearing
that
the
Earl
of
Haro
was
exspected
with
more
forces
,
they
determined
to
force
them
to
fight
before
his
arrival
,
or
at
least
,
to
gain
the
reputation
of
proffering
them
Battle
.
To
this
effect
,
having
m●de
a
general
muster
,
they
marched
with
all
their
Artillerie
in
very
good
order
towards
Rioseco
.
Sanabria
,
Commissioner
of
Valladolid
,
rid
before
with
30
Light
Hors
,
to
discover
the
field
.
Don
Pedro
Lasso
de
la
Vega
led
the
Vantguard
of
Cuirassiers
,
Don
Pe●ro
Maldonado
and
Francisco
Maldonado
commanded
the
Light
Horsmen
.
The
Bishop
of
Zamora
was
Captain
of
the
Vantguard
of
Foot
;
with
him
marched
Don
Iohn
de
Mendoça
,
Captain
of
Valladolid
,
son
to
the
Cardinal
Don
Pedro
Goncalez
de
Mendoça
,
Don
Gonzalo
de
Guzman
,
Captain
of
Leon
,
Don
Hernando
de
Ulloa
,
Captain
of
Toro
,
and
others
.
In
the
bodie
marched
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
called
,
Duke
of
Medina
Sidonia
,
with
him
divers
other
Captains
,
and
Don
Iohn
de
Figueroa
,
brother
to
the
Duke
of
Arcos
,
who
came
that
same
daie
to
the
Armie
from
Sevilla
,
besides
other
Commanders
.
The
Rear-guard
and
the
Artillerie
was
committed
to
the
charge
of
other
officers
.
Beeing
arrived
within
Culverine-shot
of
the
Town
,
they
made
an
Halt
,
commanding
their
Heralds
,
in
mean
time
,
to
approach
so
near
unto
the
walls
,
that
they
might
bee
heard
,
and
declare
unto
the
Admiral
and
Earl
of
Venavente
,
with
the
other
Grandees
and
Gentlemen
in
Medina
,
that
the
Armie
of
their
Sovereign
Ladie
,
the
Queen
,
was
com
thither
,
to
execute
upon
them
,
by
her
command
,
those
penalties
which
they
had
incurred
by
governing
the
Kingdom
without
her
orde●
or
consent
,
and
for
raising
and
arming
men
in
contempt
,
and
to
the
disservice
of
her
Majestie
;
and
therefore
they
did
offer
them
Battle
,
and
did
exspect
their
coming
into
the
field
.
Having
sent
this
message
to
the
Town
,
they
remained
in
the
same
order
almost
until
Sun-set
.
But
the
Cavaliers
,
although
they
were
in
Arms
,
made
no
shew
at
all
of
Battel
or
skirmish
,
but
persevering
in
their
former
resolution
,
let
them
stand
cooling
their
heels
there
.
At
last
,
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
having
commanded
som
of
his
Cannon
to
bee
discharged
against
the
Town
,
(
but
the
bullets
never
reach't
the
Walls
)
returned
with
his
Armie
into
his
Quarters
,
losing
and
neglecting
that
occasion
,
which
proved
very
prejudicial
to
his
Partie
.
Hee
was
no
sooner
gone
,
but
the
Earl
of
Haro
arrived
with
his
men
,
who
had
marched
as
fast
as
possibly
they
could
,
thinking
to
have
com
time
enough
to
meet
Don
Pedro
,
for
the
Earl
had
intelligence
of
his
defying
the
Cavaliers
in
Medina
,
though
hee
had
no
great
stomach
to
fight
with
them
.
All
the
Nobles
and
Gentlemen
,
with
their
Souldiers
,
marched
forth
to
receiv
their
Captain
General
with
great
solemnitie
,
and
Militarie
order
.
Hee
brought
with
him
three
hundred
Hors-men
in
compleat
Armor
,
four
hundred
Light-hors-men
,
and
two
thousand
five
hundred
Foot
,
all
choice
men
,
and
twelv
or
thirteen
field-pieces
.
The
same
night
came
likewise
to
Rioseco
,
Don
Francisco
de
Zun̄iga
y
Avellaneda
,
Earl
of
Miranda
,
Don
Veltran
de
la
Cueva
,
eldest
son
to
the
Duke
of
Alburquerque
,
Don
Luys
de
la
Cueva
his
brother
,
Don
Bernardo
de
Sandoval
y
Royas
,
Marquis
of
Denia
,
with
his
son
Don
Luys
de
Sandoval
,
and
Don
Francisco
de
Quin̄ones
,
Earl
of
Luna
,
with
all
the
servants
,
tenants
and
souldiers
they
could
get
.
This
supplie
encreased
the
Cavaliers
to
above
one
and
twentie
hundred
hors
,
and
six
thousand
foot
souldiers
,
besides
a
good
companie
of
servants
.
Insomuch
that
hereby
they
held
themselvs
stronger
then
their
enemies
;
not
that
they
exceeded
them
in
number
,
but
in
virtue
and
courage
,
besides
the
Caus
which
they
mainteined
was
more
just
,
and
warrantable
,
which
add's
much
confidence
and
boldness
to
the
hearts
of
men
,
and
make's
their
souls
insusceptible
of
any
Panick
fears
.
SECT.
IV.
THose
of
the
Iunta
seeing
fresh
forces
com
daily
in
to
the
Cavaliers
,
endeavored
to
prepossess
themselvs
of
all
the
Towns
and
places
of
strength
,
and
sent
besides
,
to
all
those
of
their
league
,
to
rais
,
and
have
in
a
readiness
,
what
men
possibly
they
could
,
notwithstanding
they
were
already
much
stronger
then
the
other
partie
.
Hereupon
in
Valladolid
,
by
order
from
the
Iunta
,
was
publickly
proclaimed
,
that
all
the
Townsmen
,
from
eighteen
to
threescore
years
of
age
,
should
bee
trained
,
and
bee
readie
with
their
Arms
,
to
march
into
the
field
,
upon
notice
from
the
Captain
General
of
the
Armie
.
The
President
,
and
other
Judges
of
the
Chancerie
in
Valladolid
,
who
were
Persons
of
great
respect
and
esteem
in
the
Citie
,
having
never
before
meddled
with
either
side
,
seeing
the
great
disorder
amongst
the
people
,
and
fearing
further
confusion
,
moved
with
a
good
zeal
and
affection
to
their
Countries
good
,
came
with
all
expedition
to
Rioseco
,
to
treat
with
the
Lord
Admiral
,
and
other
Noblemen
,
about
some
fair
accommodation
,
whereby
the
Kingdom
might
avoid
the
imminent
perdition
,
which
through
that
unnatural
war
,
in
all
probabilitie
,
it
was
like
to
suffer
.
They
found
amongst
the
Nobles
very
courteous
entertainment
,
and
expression
of
a
desire
to
condescend
to
anie
reasonable
propositions
,
all
the
difficultie
and
obstacle
laie
in
those
of
the
Iunta's
Partie
,
and
especially
in
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
.
From
Rioseco
,
the
President
,
with
the
other
Judges
,
went
to
Villabraxima
,
where
the
Bishop
,
with
his
five
thousand
men
,
was
quartered
.
The
President
beeing
admitted
,
entreated
him
with
great
earnestness
and
humilitie
,
the
tears
standing
in
his
eies
,
to
consider
,
and
leav
off
in
time
the
evil
and
wrong
cours
they
had
taken
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
was
exspected
with
a
supplie
from
Toledo
and
Madrid
.
SECT.
V.
THose
of
the
Council
proceeded
against
those
of
the
Iunta
,
and
all
the
Cities
of
their
League
,
according
to
Law
,
and
having
erected
a
Scaffold
,
they
caused
them
publickly
to
bee
proclaimed
Traitors
and
Rebels
to
the
Roial
Crown
;
Whereat
they
were
so
incensed
,
that
thenceforwards
they
fought
not
so
much
for
the
●nterest
of
the
Kingdom
,
as
for
reputation
,
and
to
revenge
particular
quarrels
(
the
off-spring
of
those
troubles
and
dissentions
)
or
for
ancient
grudges
betwixt
particular
persons
or
places
.
The
Bishop
swore
that
hee
would
keep
the
field
with
his
men
onely
,
until
hee
were
either
dead
,
or
crowned
with
Victorie
.
The
Cavaliers
were
as
resolute
on
the
other
side
;
insomuch
that
although
the
President
of
the
Chancerie
insisted
for
peace
,
hee
prevailed
nothing
.
The
Cavaliers
had
manie
skirmishes
with
the
Bishop's
men
.
At
last
hee
,
and
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
seeing
that
the
Cavaliers
would
not
com
out
to
give
them
battle
,
they
sent
a
Trumpeter
to
them
with
this
message
,
Don
Pedro
and
the
Bishop
of
Zamora's
mess●ge
to
the
Cavaliers
.
That
they
should
meet
them
in
the
field
,
to
the
end
they
might
in
one
battle
set
a
period
to
all
their
Contentions
,
which
caused
so
great
disturbances
in
the
Kingdom
.
That
Winter
was
coming
on
apace
,
and
it
was
to
no
purpose
to
stand
dallying
in
that
manner
,
and
ruine
one
another
by
delaies
.
That
if
they
refused
to
fight
,
they
would
go
to
their
Towns
and
Lordships
,
and
having
plundered
them
,
burn
their
houses
to
the
ground
:
But
the
Lord
Admiral
could
not
resolv
to
put
all
to
so
great
a
venture
.
In
Valladolid
,
besides
the
men
which
they
sent
to
the
Armie
,
(
as
is
said
)
having
mustered
again
,
they
found
seven
thousand
more
Cross-bow-men
,
Pike-men
,
and
Musketiers
,
which
they
could
well
spare
,
leaving
moreover
,
enough
to
guard
the
Citie
;
whereupon
they
sent
to
the
Iunta
,
that
shortly
they
should
receiv
another
supplie
from
them
,
and
that
if
occasion
served
,
they
would
go
everie
man
in
person
with
their
general
Standard
to
serv
them
,
for
they
esteemed
the
Caus
which
they
defended
to
bee
Just
and
Holie
.
SECT.
VI.
THe
Countess
of
Modica
,
wife
to
the
Lord
Admiral
,
beeing
a
very
virtuous
and
devout
Ladie
,
was
grieved
at
the
Soul
to
see
these
disorders
,
and
miserable
condition
of
the
Kingdoms
,
wherein
so
many
innocent
persons
suffered
,
and
desiring
to
compose
the
sad
differences
,
shee
spake
to
the
Lord
Admiral
,
her
husband
,
and
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
earnestly
desiring
them
to
stop
the
current
of
those
miseries
,
which
would
proceed
from
that
unnatural
War
.
The
good
Ladie
prevailed
so
much
,
that
the
Lord
Admiral
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
(
who
called
himself
Duke
of
Medina
)
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
and
shee
,
had
a
meeting
at
Villabraxima
,
one
evening
;
And
having
ordered
and
agreed
upon
certain
Articles
in
favor
of
the
Iunta
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
said
to
the
Admiral
;
My
Lord
,
though
you
desire
to
keep
four
or
five
Licenciado's
in
your
Town
,
I
hope
you
will
not
bring
our
estates
in
question
,
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
by
which
conference
it
appear's
plainly
that
they
w●re
betraied
,
&
sol●
,
as
Ant●nio
de
Gue●ara
declareth
at
large
in
his
Epistles
.
No
h●ng
but
the
private
treacherie
of
Don
Pedro
Giron
could
have
deluded
the
Bishop
and
destroied
●heir
A●mie
.
and
give
waie
to
so
many
mur●hers
,
and
robberies
,
as
must
needs
follow
,
if
so
,
God
forbid
that
I
should
have
any
thing
to
do
with
it
,
but
to
favor
and
assist
the
Iunta
,
and
the
Commonalties
,
since
all
that
they
desire
is
good
and
just
,
and
I
so
acknowledge
and
approve
it
,
and
from
this
time
forwards
will
justifie
it
:
Which
said
,
hee
set
his
hand
to
the
said
Articles
,
the
Countess
said
as
hee
did
;
And
the
Admiral
taking
the
paper
in
his
hands
,
said
to
the
Earl
,
Since
you
have
signed
this
first
,
I
'le
do
the
like
:
And
hee
having
subscribed
,
they
went
all
together
to
supper
,
very
well
contented
.
After
supper
they
returned
to
Medina
,
and
presently
gave
a
Command
,
that
the
whole
Town
should
declare
for
the
Queen
,
the
King
her
Son
,
and
the
Commonaltie
.
All
this
was
done
with
a
politick
art
and
cunning
,
to
make
the
Armie
of
the
Commoners
leav
Medina
;
For
if
it
had
continued
longer
there
,
it
would
have
very
much
streightned
and
incommodated
the
Cavaliers
,
the
Commoners
beeing
already
many
more
in
number
,
and
receiving
every
daie
fresh
supplies
,
and
the
Cavaliers
having
little
hopes
of
increasing
their
force
,
by
reason
that
all
the
Nobles
and
persons
of
honor
in
the
Kingdoms
of
Toledo
,
Andaluzia
,
and
Estremadura
sat
still
,
exspecting
which
waie
the
scale
would
turn
,
without
declaring
for
King
or
Commonaltie
.
SECT.
VII
.
UPon
the
agreement
between
the
Lord
Admiral
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
and
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
the
Armie
without
knowing
any
reason
wherefore
,
marched
from
Tordehumos
and
Villabraxima
to
Villalpando
,
where
,
after
some
small
resistance
,
they
were
received
and
quartered
peaceably
.
Don
Pedro
Giron
took
up
his
lodging
,
in
his
unkle
,
the
Lord
high
Constable's
hous
.
All
were
of
opinion
that
Don
Pedro
juggled
,
and
plaied
legerdemain
in
this
business
,
and
so
it
appeared
by
his
dislodging
his
Armie
,
and
leaving
the
enemie
free
,
besides
having
nothing
at
all
to
do
at
Villalpando
.
And
indeed
Don
Pedro
Giron
might
well
bee
suspected
herein
,
for
the
Grandees
,
who
were
his
neer
kindred
,
wrought
much
upon
him
,
as
shall
bee
seen
hereafter
.
The
Cavaliers
seeing
themselvs
free
from
the
incumbrance
of
that
powerful
Armie
,
which
blocked
them
up
in
a
manner
,
and
finding
the
waie
cleer
and
secure
from
thence
to
Tordesillas
,
marched
all
out
of
Rioseco
,
seizing
on
all
Posts
and
Travellers
,
that
might
give
notice
of
their
approach
,
making
as
if
they
had
a
design
upon
Valladolid
,
but
with
as
much
speed
as
an
Armie
could
advance
,
they
went
directly
to
Tordesillas
;
Those
of
the
Iunta
,
hearing
of
their
coming
,
dispatched
presently
a
Post
to
Valladolid
,
telling
them
,
that
the
Cavaliers
were
marching
thither
with
all
expedition
,
therefore
they
desired
them
to
send
them
speedie
succor
.
But
Valladolid
having
sent
neer
four
thousand
of
their
choisest
men
already
to
the
Armie
,
and
hearing
that
the
enemie
was
like
to
fall
upon
them
,
desired
to
bee
excused
,
thinking
they
might
better
have
relief
from
the
Armie
,
where
were
men
enough
.
But
they
beeing
in
good
quarters
at
Villalpando
,
were
not
over-hastie
to
go
to
Tordesillas
,
for
the
plot
was
so
well
laid
,
that
no
man
knew
the
certaintie
of
the
design
,
but
that
which
Don
Pedro
did
a
little
after
,
confirmed
the
suspition
the
world
had
conceived
of
him
.
One
night
the
Cavaliers
stormed
the
Town
,
having
clapt
a
Petar
to
the
Gates
,
but
finding
strong
resistance
,
the
Earl
of
Haro
sent
a
Trumpet
,
to
tell
them
they
came
onely
to
kiss
the
Queen's
hands
,
and
to
set
her
at
libertie
,
and
required
them
to
yeild
;
Whereunto
they
giving
no
satisfactorie
answer
,
the
Earl
resolved
to
force
them
,
and
encouraged
his
Souldiers
,
promising
them
the
pillage
of
the
Town
.
But
what
by
the
natural
strength
of
the
place
,
what
through
the
courageous
resistance
of
the
besieged
,
the
Earl
lost
above
250
men
,
before
hee
could
make
any
breach
.
The
Priests
,
which
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
left
there
,
behaved
themselvs
very
valorously
in
this
Holie
caus
:
One
amongst
the
rest
was
particularly
observed
to
have
given
eleven
men
their
Viaticum
with
his
musket
,
from
behinde
the
Battlements
of
the
Wall
,
where
hee
thought
hee
stood
secure
,
and
as
he
saw
occasion
sent
his
Benediction
amongst
them
,
which
seldom
mist
his
man
.
But
at
last
,
some
of
the
besiegers
,
with
an
unsanctified
arrow
,
shot
him
quite
through
the
head
,
with
which
hee
presently
fell
down
,
and
died
,
not
having
the
time
to
saie
so
much
as
one
Miserere
.
At
length
an
Alferez
,
with
some
other
Cavaliers
,
Victoria
,
Victoria
,
which
so
animated
the
Besiegers
,
that
in
the
same
,
and
in
other
parts
of
the
Town
,
they
made
fresh
assaults
,
insomuch
that
the
Besieged
were
no
longer
able
to
resist
.
The
Cavalier-Souldiers
,
beeing
thus
entred
the
Town
,
used
no
violence
to
either
man
,
woman
,
or
childe
,
for
that
they
were
forbidden
;
but
neither
Houses
,
Churches
,
nor
Monasteries
escaped
from
plundering
:
So
that
no
man
had
so
much
as
a
bed
left
to
sleep
upon
,
unless
the
Souldiers
,
out
of
charitie
,
would
let
him
have
any
;
which
punishment
they
did
deserv
,
for
fighting
and
defending
their
goods
no
better
,
after
they
were
engaged
,
and
put
themselvs
into
a
posture
of
resistance
.
The
Grandees
and
Gentlemen
,
beeing
entred
into
Tordesillas
,
went
directly
to
the
Palace
to
kiss
the
Queen's
hands
,
and
shew
her
their
due
respects
,
they
found
her
with
the
Infanta
,
her
daughter
,
Don̄a
Catalina
,
in
her
own
chamber
,
whence
Don
Pedro
de
Ayala
,
Commissioner
of
Toledo
,
had
persuaded
her
to
withdraw
during
the
fight
:
Som
say
,
to
the
end
,
that
from
the
wall
,
shee
might
have
commanded
the
besiegers
not
to
storm
the
Town
;
others
think
,
it
was
with
intent
to
conveie
her
thence
,
and
carrie
her
by
the
Bridg-waie
to
Medina
del
Campo
;
Don
Pedro
de
Ayala
left
her
,
and
fled
himself
to
Medina
del
Campo
.
Shee
shewed
the
Gentlemen
that
came
to
kiss
her
hands
very
gracious
countenance
,
though
,
by
reason
of
her
infirmitie
and
want
of
judgment
,
shee
cared
little
how
things
went
;
onely
it
is
reported
,
that
while
they
were
battering
the
Town
,
som
of
the
Commissioners
beeing
there
,
desired
that
shee
would
send
a
Command
to
the
Besiegers
to
desist
;
and
shee
answered
,
Open
you
the
gates
,
and
let
them
in
.
The
Earl
of
Haro
staied
at
the
gates
,
to
see
his
Artillerie
and
Hors
let
in
until
midnight
;
which
done
,
hee
went
likewise
to
kiss
her
Majestie
's
hands
,
where
hee
found
the
rest
of
the
Nobles
,
who
soon
after
,
taking
their
leavs
,
went
to
take
their
rest
;
but
the
Earl
of
Haro
spent
all
the
night
in
placing
his
Guards
,
and
taking
order
for
securing
of
the
place
.
Nine
or
ten
of
the
Commissioners
of
the
Cities
were
taken
and
imprisoned
;
the
rest
fled
,
som
to
Medina
,
others
to
Valladolid
,
where
they
arrived
so
mangled
and
stript
,
that
't
was
a
pitie
to
see
them
.
The
Doctor
Zun̄iga
of
Salamanca
,
Suero
del
Aguila
,
and
Gomez
de
Avila
,
Commissioners
of
Avila
,
were
released
,
at
the
request
of
som
Grandees
,
who
engaged
for
them
.
In
this
manner
was
taken
the
Town
of
Tordesillas
;
but
not
the
Iunta
,
nor
the
good
will
of
the
revolted
Cities
,
whose
furie
was
hereby
more
enflamed
.
Amongst
the
dead
in
the
field
were
found
divers
dangerously
wounded
,
and
som
Gentlemen
,
as
Don
Diego
Osorio
,
son
to
the
Marquis
of
Astorga
,
who
was
shot
through
the
arm
,
Don
Francisco
de
la
Cueva
hurt
in
the
face
with
a
stone
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
wounded
in
the
Arm
with
an
arrow
,
the
Earl
of
Alva
had
his
hors
killed
under
him
,
and
divers
Commanders
,
and
other
persons
of
account
.
The
King's
Standard
was
shot
and
tattered
with
two
musket
bullets
,
the
Earl
of
Cisuentes
holding
it
in
his
hand
.
However
,
that
daie's
work
was
of
exceeding
great
importance
,
and
was
the
means
of
giving
a
glorious
end
to
these
miserable
distempers
,
although
not
so
suddenly
;
For
hereby
the
Common
people
were
disabused
,
the
allegations
and
excuses
,
of
those
of
the
Iunta
,
appearing
to
bee
no
less
fals
then
malitious
:
for
to
give
a
more
specious
lustre
to
their
forgeries
,
and
gain
credit
with
the
People
,
they
cunningly
gave
out
,
that
the
Queen
was
perfectly
well
,
and
in
her
right
senses
,
and
that
all
they
did
,
was
by
her
order
(
which
was
nothing
so
)
,
whereby
the
blinde
ignorant
Commonaltie
ran
themselvs
headlong
into
the
precipice
of
those
disasters
,
which
I
have
,
and
hereafter
shall
relate
.
The
glorie
of
this
memorable
exploit
was
properly
to
bee
attributed
to
the
Earl
of
Haro's
valor
,
who
,
contrarie
to
the
Votes
of
divers
others
,
would
assault
Tordesillas
,
in
stead
of
following
their
Armie
,
to
seek
satisfaction
for
having
been
out-dared
by
them
to
fight
,
and
blocked
up
in
Rioseco
,
according
to
the
others
opinions
and
propositions
.
SECT.
VIII
.
THose
of
Valladolid
were
in
great
fear
,
when
they
heard
that
Tordesillas
was
taken
,
lest
the
enemie
should
fall
next
upon
them
,
in
regard
they
had
disobliged
the
Cardinal
,
the
Council
,
the
Lord
Admiral
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
and
other
Nobles
,
in
not
admitting
them
,
and
favoring
so
much
those
of
the
Iunta
,
that
it
was
generally
reported
,
that
Valladolid
alone
did
maintain
them
.
Few
men
able
to
bear
Arms
were
left
in
the
Citie
,
for
they
had
sent
all
to
the
Armie
in
a
manner
,
but
those
that
were
left
,
stood
upon
their
guard
.
Don
Pedro
de
Giron's
and
the
Bishop
of
Zamora's
Letter
to
Valladolid
.
Whilest
Valladolid
was
in
this
fright
,
came
a
Post
from
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
with
letters
,
wherein
they
said
,
That
they
knew
not
,
neither
did
they
think
that
the
Cavaliers
in
Rioseco
would
have
attempted
to
take
Tordesillas
,
nor
have
offred
that
affront
or
disrespect
to
the
Queen
,
beeing
there
;
That
they
could
have
no
intelligence
of
their
design
,
becaus
they
had
stopt
,
and
taken
all
the
Messengers
and
Travellers
,
that
might
give
notice
of
their
march
thither
,
and
that
when
they
did
know
it
,
and
were
prepared
to
go
succor
the
Town
,
news
was
brought
them
,
that
the
Cavaliers
were
carrying
the
Queen
away
to
Burgos
,
which
made
them
turn
towards
Valladolid
,
thinking
that
waie
to
intercept
them
:
And
that
now
beeing
at
Villagarzia
,
they
thought
good
to
acquaint
them
with
their
motion
,
to
the
end
they
might
receiv
provision
and
orders
thence
,
to
prosecute
their
design
;
Promising
,
since
that
the
Cavaliers
had
taken
Tordesillas
,
and
begun
the
War
with
fire
and
sword
,
that
they
would
do
the
like
,
if
Valladolid
was
so
contented
.
These
Letters
confirmed
the
Peoples
jealousies
of
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
insomuch
that
they
cursed
him
in
private
and
in
publick
,
saying
,
hee
was
a
Traytor
,
Don
Pedro.
and
had
sold
them
.
Moreover
,
they
wrote
to
this
effect
to
Don
Pedro
,
That
in
regard
hee
had
clouded
his
reputation
by
not
succoring
Tordesillas
,
to
vindicate
his
honor
,
hee
should
forth
with
go
and
laie
siege
to
it
,
and
shew
himself
what
hee
was
;
That
his
Armie
on
one
side
,
and
those
of
Valladolid
on
the
other
,
besides
the
rest
of
their
Associates
,
might
joyntly
take
their
full
revenge
for
so
insupportable
an
affront
.
They
wrote
in
like
manner
to
the
Bishop
,
and
other
Captains
,
but
Don
Pedro
took
no
great
notice
thereof
,
neither
did
hee
make
any
other
shew
,
then
that
hee
would
go
to
Valladolid
himself
.
Divers
disorderly
Captains
,
like
sheep
without
a
shepherd
,
with
their
Companies
,
came
and
took
up
their
Quarters
at
Villanubla
,
two
leagues
from
Valladolid
:
Others
went
to
Valladolid
with
their
plunder
,
'mongst
others
,
two
horsmen
brought
in
a
thousand
Sheep
,
others
fiftie
,
others
two
hundred
Mules
,
Mares
,
and
Carts
loaden
with
linnen
,
and
all
manner
of
housholdstuff
,
taken
from
the
poor
Countrie-men
,
to
the
value
of
above
three
Millions
of
Maravediz
,
which
they
sold
in
the
Citie
,
for
little
or
nothing
;
a
Wether
was
sold
for
two
Ryalls
,
an
Ewe
for
one
,
and
a
Cow
for
two
Duckets
;
But
the
mischief
was
the
greater
,
in
that
the
poor
shepherds
and
husbandmen
,
having
ransomed
their
cattle
and
goods
,
before
they
had
gon
half
a
league
,
the
Souldiers
would
plunder
them
again
,
spoiling
and
robbing
friend
and
foe
,
as
much
as
they
could
.
By
which
exorbitancies
they
began
to
see
,
how
much
better
it
would
have
been
to
have
satisfied
their
King's
demands
,
although
the
tax
was
somwhat
heavie
;
But
so
great
acts
of
disobedience
never
passed
long
without
such
just
punishments
:
Their
outrageous
impudence
grew
to
such
a
height
,
that
without
any
reverence
or
respect
,
they
robb'd
and
spoiled
the
very
Churches
,
as
if
they
had
been
Infidels
;
Women
were
not
secure
in
their
houses
,
nor
men
by
the
high
waies
.
Valladolid
,
to
prevent
further
disorder
in
this
kinde
,
Commanded
that
those
straggling
Souldiers
,
which
were
to
the
number
of
six
hundred
,
should
return
to
their
Colours
at
Villanubla
,
where
their
Captains
were
,
and
there
they
gave
them
ten
daies
paie
more
to
endear
them
to
go
before
Tordesillas
;
whither
also
marched
,
with
all
expedition
,
men
from
Salamanca
,
Toro
,
and
Zamora
,
in
great
numbers
,
thinking
to
catch
the
Cavaliers
in
the
Climm
.
But
they
lost
no
time
in
fortifying
themselvs
,
repairing
the
Walls
,
(
as
was
but
need
)
scouring
and
clearing
their
ditches
,
and
laying
in
provisions
of
Victuals
and
Ammunition
.
SECT.
IX
.
FAme
soon
carried
the
taking
of
Tordesillas
through
the
whole
Kingdom
,
which
was
diversly
resented
according
to
the
disposition
and
inclination
of
the
hearers
,
as
is
usual
amongst
a
divided
people
.
Assoon
as
notice
thereof
was
brought
to
Quintanilla
,
who
commanded
before
Alaejos
,
hee
raised
his
siege
,
and
returned
in
all
haste
,
with
his
men
,
to
Medina
del
Campo
,
fearing
lest
that
might
also
bee
surprised
.
The
Nobles
in
Tordesillas
sent
for
the
Cardinal
,
who
remained
in
Rioseco
,
with
those
of
the
Garrison
.
Don
Rodrigo
de
Mendoça
,
Earl
of
Castro
,
who
came
to
Medina
de
Rioseco
with
his
men
,
too
late
for
the
expedition
of
Tordesillas
,
attended
upon
the
Cardinal
thither
;
where
,
his
Eminence
beeing
arrived
,
the
Lord
Admiral
solemnly
accepted
the
Joint-government
of
the
Kingdoms
,
with
the
Cardinal
,
and
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
having
first
tried
all
means
possible
to
reduce
the
people
fairly
to
the
obedience
of
his
Majestie
;
for
after
the
taking
of
Tordesillas
,
hee
sent
Gomez
de
Avila
,
(
who
was
there
made
prisoner
)
making
him
first
swear
to
return
,
to
treat
with
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Iunta
,
offering
them
very
honorable
Conditions
,
if
they
would
laie
down
their
Arms
and
com
in
.
But
Gomez
beeing
returned
without
concluding
any
thing
,
there
was
no
apparent
hope
of
any
accommodation
:
besides
,
seeing
that
the
Iunta
,
and
the
forces
of
the
Commoners
,
were
retired
to
Valladolid
,
(
which
was
but
five
leagues
from
Tordesillas
)
and
that
it
was
no
time
of
year
to
keep
the
field
,
or
besiege
any
other
Citie
,
leaving
the
enemies
to
themselvs
;
the
Governors
,
with
consent
of
the
rest
of
the
Nobles
,
put
all
their
Souldiers
in
Garrison
in
the
adjacent
Towns
;
For
divers
of
their
men
were
gon
away
,
having
enriched
themselvs
with
the
plunder
which
they
took
at
Tordesillas
.
The
Earl
of
Haro
,
with
som
chois
companies
,
remained
in
Tordesillas
,
for
the
Guard
of
her
Majestie
's
person
,
and
defence
of
the
Town
.
Don
Pedro
Velez
,
Earl
of
On̄ate
,
with
som
Hors
and
Foot
Companies
,
was
placed
in
Simancas
,
though
the
Government
thereof
belonged
to
Don
Hernando
de
Vega
,
but
hee
beeing
of
the
Emperor's
;
Council
of
State
,
it
was
thought
more
convenient
hee
should
reside
at
Tordesillas
,
yet
hee
went
thither
somtimes
himself
,
as
occasion
served
.
In
Portillo
(
a
place
of
strength
,
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Venavente
)
was
put
another
Garrison
,
under
the
Command
of
Don
In̄igo
de
Padilla
,
cosen-german
to
the
Earl
of
Venavente
.
To
Torrelobaton
(
a
Town
of
the
Lord
Admiral
's
)
betwixt
Tordesillas
and
Rioseco
(
by
which
all
their
provisions
were
to
pass
)
were
sent
other
companies
of
souldiers
,
besides
those
which
Don
Hernando
Enriquez
,
the
Lord
Admiral
's
brother
,
had
there
;
in
regard
that
was
the
waie
to
Burgos
,
where
the
Lord
High
Constable
was
with
the
Council
,
with
whom
they
were
to
keep
continual
correspondence
.
Betwixt
the
Towns
which
were
for
the
Commoners
,
and
those
wherein
were
Garrisons
for
his
Majestie
,
was
such
killing
,
robbing
,
and
spoiling
,
as
if
they
had
been
the
most
mortal
enemies
in
the
world
,
as
shall
bee
declared
hereafter
.
Artificers
could
get
no
emploiment
;
Husbandmen
could
not
till
their
grounds
,
Merchants
had
no
traffick
,
Cities
lost
their
correspondence
with
each
other
,
becaus
the
waies
were
unsecure
;
Justice
was
quite
out
of
date
;
Excise
,
Tributes
,
Levies
,
Impositions
increased
daily
,
by
reason
of
the
excessive
charges
of
the
Armie
,
the
Revenue
of
the
Roial
Crown
(
which
they
had
usurped
)
not
beeing
sufficient
to
defraie
them
.
These
,
and
such
like
,
were
the
fruits
and
profit
which
Castilla
reaped
by
their
disobedience
:
And
yet
for
all
their
miserable
condition
,
they
did
not
humble
nor
submit
themselvs
,
neither
would
they
accept
of
the
honorable
and
advantageous
Conditions
which
were
offered
them
:
But
everie
daie
they
were
sending
fresh
men
to
maintein
and
foment
the
War
from
Valladolid
,
where
those
,
who
cast
the
Kingdom
into
this
precipice
,
had
taken
up
their
seat
.
Although
they
were
so
jealous
and
displeased
at
their
Captain
General
DON
PEDRO
GIRON
,
(
especially
the
Common
people
)
that
they
did
neither
obey
nor
respect
him
,
neither
did
hee
hold
himself
secure
amongst
them
,
and
therefore
hee
left
them
soon
after
,
as
you
shall
see
.
SECT.
IX
.
THe
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
and
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
thinking
themselvs
not
secure
in
Zaratan
,
(
which
was
but
a
smal
open
Village
)
marched
with
their
Armie
to
Valladolid
(
although
their
coming
was
not
very
acceptable
to
most
of
the
Citie
)
.
Beeing
there
,
they
quartered
themselvs
in
the
houses
of
those
that
were
affected
to
the
King's
Partie
,
making
abominable
havock
and
spoil
;
their
souldiers
pulled
down
t●e
houses
of
Francisco
de
la
Serna
,
and
Don
Alonso
Nin̄o
de
Castro
,
they
plundered
the
hous
of
the
Comendador
Santistevan
,
robb'd
and
spoiled
all
they
could
laie
hands
on
in
the
Earl
of
Miranda's
hous
,
and
divers
other
mischiefs
they
did
within
the
Citie
;
whereof
the
Bishop
beeing
informed
,
hee
caused
many
things
to
bee
restored
,
and
som
souldiers
to
bee
punished
,
whereby
hee
gained
much
good
opinion
and
affection
.
Two
daies
after
their
coming
thither
,
they
marched
both
Hors
and
Foot
in
goodly
order
out
of
the
Citie
,
with
intent
to
go
to
break
down
the
Bridg
of
Simancas
,
but
hearing
by
the
waie
that
the
Earl
On̄ate
,
and
those
of
the
Town
,
had
saved
them
that
labor
,
(
for
the
Earl
had
intelligence
,
that
they
intended
to
surprise
him
there
,
and
pass
thence
to
Tordesillas
)
they
wheeled
about
to
take
the
Fort
of
Fuensaldan̄a
,
which
they
entred
without
any
contradiction
,
and
having
left
som
souldiers
with
a
Commander
in
it
,
they
returned
to
Valladolid
the
same
night
,
giving
orders
to
their
men
to
bee
ready
the
next
morning
before
daie
;
which
was
obeied
,
and
they
gave
out
,
they
would
gain
the
pass
at
Simancas
,
proclaiming
war
with
fire
and
sword
against
the
Cavaliers
at
Tordesillas
.
But
Simancas
,
beeing
scituate
upon
the
descent
of
an
hill
,
the
river
on
one
side
,
and
a
strong
Fort
on
the
other
,
which
the
Earl
of
On̄ate
had
been
very
careful
and
vigilant
in
poviding
with
all
necessaries
,
they
feared
no
attempts
from
those
of
Valladolid
.
Most
of
those
that
marched
out
of
Valladolid
that
time
,
were
from
Salamanca
,
Toro
,
and
Zamora
;
many
of
them
sillie
ignorant
fellows
,
and
their
Captains
not
much
more
knowing
in
Martial
affairs
,
they
were
so
long
fitting
themselvs
,
that
they
made
it
three
a
clock
in
the
Afternoon
before
they
were
all
out
of
Valladolid
(
which
was
ten
hours
after
the
time
appointed
)
;
so
that
they
were
forced
to
quarter
that
night
at
Laguna
,
one
league
from
the
Citie
,
som
in
the
Monasterie
of
Abrojo
,
others
in
the
field
with
the
Artillerie
.
There
fell
such
a
difference
betwixt
Don
Pedro
Giron
and
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
that
Don
Pedro
,
with
his
Lanciers
,
marched
to
Tudela
,
but
there
hee
was
refused
quarters
;
so
hee
was
enforced
to
go
on
to
Villavan̄ez
.
Next
〈◊〉
the
Bishop
gave
orders
to
march
to
Simancas
,
but
som
told
him
,
that
't
was
better
to
return
to
Valladolid
,
and
there
take
further
advice
.
The
people
of
Toro
,
Zamora
,
and
Valladolid
had
likewise
som
bickerings
amongst
themselvs
,
insomuch
that
every
one
would
carrie
their
Artillerie
home
to
their
own
Cities
;
but
those
of
Valladolid
,
beeing
the
strongest
partie
,
carried
it
to
their
Citie
without
any
more
ado
,
which
bred
much
discontent
and
heart-burning
:
and
all
exclaimed
against
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
saying
all
the
ill
their
discontented
mindes
could
imagine
of
him
,
for
leaving
them
in
that
manner
,
which
confirmed
all
the
jealousies
and
suspicions
which
they
had
formerly
conceived
of
him
.
One
daie
,
twelv
Foot
souldiers
of
Valladolid
went
out
upon
a
partie
towards
Simancas
,
and
about
one
league
from
Valladolid
,
they
met
with
fourscore
Hors
of
that
Garrison
,
which
made
them
flie
,
to
secure
themselvs
,
into
a
little
Tower
amongst
the
Vineyards
,
where
they
defended
themselvs
until
the
Alarm
was
given
in
Valladolid
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
came
out
with
a
partie
of
Hors
,
and
rescued
them
;
two
of
those
of
Simancas
were
killed
,
and
the
rest
,
seeing
more
men
com
from
Valladolid
,
fled
all
away
;
so
the
Bishop
returned
with
som
hurt
men
,
but
lost
not
one
:
Beeing
night
,
the
Citie
(
much
satisfied
with
his
courage
in
this
exploit
)
sent
out
many
torches
to
receiv
him
.
The
next
daie
,
becaus
a
brother
of
Francisco
de
la
Serna's
had
murmured
somthing
against
the
Bishop
,
they
commanded
his
hous
to
bee
pull'd
down
:
and
in
regard
the
people
thronged
thither
,
out
of
greediness
to
carrie
away
the
timber
,
they
heedlessly
cut
down
the
pillars
and
posts
that
supported
it
,
whereby
the
four
quarters
of
the
hous
fell
amongst
the
people
,
killed
fourteen
or
fifteen
men
,
and
hurt
divers
others
.
SECT.
X.
THe
Commissioners
,
who
fled
,
at
the
taking
of
Tordesillas
,
to
Medina
del
Campo
,
came
afterwards
to
Valladolid
,
where
they
held
their
Iunta
general
,
concerning
the
affairs
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
Lord
Admiral
,
seeing
his
Towns
destroied
,
his
tenants
plundered
of
all
their
goods
and
cattle
,
since
the
●●rdinal's
departure
from
Rioseco
,
sent
them
a
Letter
to
Valladolid
,
pourporting
▪
Tordesillas
;
Iohn
de
Padilla
beeing
arrived
with
the
men
of
Toledo
at
Medina
del
Campo
,
it
was
moved
that
hee
should
besiege
it
on
one
side
,
and
the
Bishop
on
the
other
,
hereupon
were
every
daie
consultations
amongst
the
Commissioners
,
but
they
could
not
determine
any
thing
.
At
last
it
was
resolved
,
that
Iohn
de
Padilla
should
bee
sent
for
to
Valladolid
,
that
they
might
take
his
advice
.
The
Commoners
were
far
more
in
number
then
the
Cavaliers
,
but
these
were
the
better
and
more
experienced
men
in
matters
of
Arms
▪
Tordesillas
they
fortified
daily
,
and
furnished
with
all
sorts
of
provisions
.
Simancas
likewise
was
in
so
good
condition
,
that
the
hors
of
that
garrison
plagued
those
of
Valladolid
in
such
manner
,
that
no
bodie
could
Travel
nor
keep
any
Cattle
in
the
fields
,
or
any
thing
els
,
but
they
would
bee
sure
to
snap
it
.
By
order
of
the
Iunta
it
was
Proclaimed
in
Valladolid
,
with
sound
of
Trumpets
and
Minstrels
,
that
no
Souldiers
,
or
others
,
should
rob
under
pain
of
death
,
albeit
they
should
meet
with
people
coming
from
the
enemies
quarters
,
unless
they
bore
Arms
on
the
other
side
,
(
and
in
such
case
,
they
might
do
what
they
could
)
to
the
end
that
People
might
pass
to
and
fro
securely
,
and
trade
not
absolutely
bee
destroied
.
The
like
was
proclaimed
in
Tordesillas
and
Simancas
.
By
this
means
the
waies
began
to
bee
somwhat
secure
,
but
not
altogether
,
and
the
People
desired
there
might
bee
one
good
battle
,
for
either
side
falling
,
the
dispute
would
bee
ended
.
Don
Diego
de
Castilla
also
,
but
hee
fled
.
With
the
favor
and
assistance
of
the
major
part
of
the
Citie
,
hee
called
himself
Bishop
of
Palencia
,
for
which
Bishoprick
hee
was
presently
off●ed
sixteen
thousand
Duckets
.
Thence
hee
went
to
Carrion
,
and
Torquemad●
,
in
each
of
which
Towns
(
as
in
Palencia
)
hee
left
two
thousand
men
to
guard
them
,
(
which
the
Commonaltie
had
given
him
)
hee
gave
them
strict
orders
to
bee
very
watchful
and
Vigilant
,
but
to
offer
violence
to
none
,
except
the
the
people
of
Burgos
,
and
other
places
belonging
to
the
Cavaliers
,
and
from
such
,
hee
bid
them
take
what
they
could
,
and
paie
themselvs
with
the
plunder
,
and
tell
the
people
,
that
if
they
came
a
second
time
,
they
might
thank
God
if
they
took
not
their
lives
away
,
as
for
their
goods
or
Cattle
,
they
must
exspect
to
have
none
left
.
This
done
,
hee
returned
to
Vallad●lid
,
having
made
himself
a
King
,
and
Pope
.
SECT.
XI
.
IOhn
de
Padilla
marched
out
of
Medina
del
Campo
towards
Valladolid
,
with
●
great
number
of
Foot
,
paid
for
a
long
time
,
but
onely
threescore
hors
.
And
beeing
arrived
at
the
bridg
of
Duero
,
hee
commanded
his
Artillerie
to
bee
carried
up
the
River
to
Simancas
;
At
about
half
a
league
distance
,
hee
caused
four
peeces
of
Ordnance
to
bee
shot
at
the
Town
,
whereupon
the
Earl
of
On̄ate
sallied
forth
with
fourscore
Lances
,
with
which
hee
laie
in
ambush
,
thinking
to
cut
off
Iohn
de
Padilla's
train
,
but
beeing
discovered
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
let
flie
four
Falconets
at
them
,
which
made
them
soon
turn
their
b●cks
,
and
hee
pursued
them
to
the
very
Gates
of
Simancas
.
Thence
hee
went
to
Valladolid
,
where
hee
was
solemnly
received
with
the
applaus
and
content
of
the
whole
Citie
,
making
as
if
hee
were
the
father
of
them
all
,
in
whom
they
reposed
all
their
trust
and
confidence
.
And
there
hee
was
made
Captain-General
,
although
those
of
the
Iunta
would
have
given
that
Command
to
Don
Pedro
Lasso
de
la
Vega
,
but
the
great
credit
and
esteem
which
Iohn
de
Padilla
had
gotten
amongst
the
Souldierie
,
made
them
decline
that
resolution
.
The
Earl
of
Haro
,
having
intelligence
of
Iohn
de
Padilla's
march
to
Valladolid
,
had
an
intent
to
stop
his
waie
,
to
which
effect
,
hee
sent
for
Don
Geronimo
de
Padilla
to
Simancas
,
with
those
men
hee
had
at
Portillo
,
but
beeing
upon
his
departure
informed
for
certain
,
that
some
of
Tordesillas
had
given
Iohn
de
Padilla
notice
of
his
design
,
and
that
they
had
agreed
,
assoon
as
the
Earl
was
gon
with
his
men
one
waie
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
shou●d
com
another
,
and
fall
upon
Tordesillas
,
where
most
of
the
Inhabitants
were
for
the
Commonaltie
,
and
desired
nothing
more
,
then
the
effecting
of
this
plo●
;
Hee
c●anged
his
former
determination
,
and
staied
to
secure
Tordesillas
.
After
this
,
they
had
intelligence
that
in
a
place
called
Rodilana
,
betwixt
Medina
del
Campo
and
Valladolid
,
were
quartered
five
hundred
Souldiers
of
Salamanca
,
who
beeing
so
neer
Medina
,
thought
themselvs
secure
,
and
kept
no
guards
,
hereupon
the
Lord
Admiral
,
and
the
●arl
,
consulted
how
to
beat
up
their
quarters
,
and
destroie
them
.
Don
Pedro
de
la
Cueva
,
brother
to
the
Duke
of
Alburquerque
,
a
valiant
Gentlemen
,
undertook
the
execution
of
this
design
,
and
with
few
more
,
then
what
the
enemie
was
spoken
to
bee
,
hee
marched
one
night
to
Rodilana
,
and
falling
in
suddenly
upon
them
,
hee
killed
and
took
most
of
them
,
the
rest
fled
.
Five
or
six
daies
after
this
,
the
Earl
of
Haro
,
having
received
other
intelligence
,
that
in
a
small
Town
called
l●
Zarca
,
six
leagues
from
Tordesillas
,
where
arrived
seven
or
eight
hundred
Souldiers
from
Segovia
;
Hee
incharged
the
same
Don
Pedro
(
who
was
his
Cosen
German
)
becaus
hee
had
been
so
successful
before
,
to
go
and
surprise
the
said
Souldiers
,
giving
him
two
hundred
hors
and
five
hundred
Foot
to
that
effect
.
Don
Pedro
,
with
those
men
,
marched
all
night
,
and
going
a
great
league
about
to
avoid
Medina
del
Campo
,
hee
set
upon
them
unawares
,
&
though
the
said
souldiers
retir'd
fighting
into
a
Church
,
Don
Pedro
followed
them
so
close
,
that
entring
perforce
after
them
,
hee
killed
and
wounded
many
of
them
,
and
brought
almost
all
the
rest
prisoners
to
Tordesillas
;
which
was
held
an
exploit
of
great
valor
,
conduct
,
and
importance
.
SECT.
XII
.
JOhn
de
Padilla
,
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
and
other
Captains
of
the
Commo●altie
neglected
no
opportunities
of
advancing
their
Interest
,
and
infesting
the
advers
partie
.
It
was
concluded
amongst
them
,
that
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
with
the
two
thousand
five
hundred
men
hee
brought
from
Toledo
and
Madrid
,
should
pitch
his
camp
before
Cigales
,
(
a
smal
Town
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
two
leagues
from
Valladolid
)
and
if
they
did
not
receiv
them
willingly
,
that
they
should
force
their
entrance
,
but
those
of
Cigales
received
them
without
making
the
least
opposition
,
and
lodged
them
in
their
houses
,
thinking
no
harm
.
At
midnight
(
which
was
a
base
unworthie
action
)
the
Souldiers
gave
the
alarm
through
all
the
Town
,
and
beeing
in
arms
,
they
took
all
their
Hosts
,
(
who
had
so
freely
given
them
quarters
)
and
all
the
rest
of
the
Town
,
and
having
manacled
,
and
disarmed
them
,
not
leaving
them
so
much
as
a
sword
or
dagger
,
they
put
them
all
into
the
Church
,
and
set
a
strong
Guard
upon
them
,
saying
,
They
did
so
to
secure
the
place
,
becaus
it
belonged
to
an
enemie
.
The
third
of
Ianuarie
the
Bishop
marched
again
out
of
Valladolid
at
midnight
,
with
som
companies
of
souldiers
,
directly
to
Pal●n●ia
,
his
new
Bishoprick
,
where
hee
staied
som
time
;
after
which
hee
gave
out
,
that
hee
would
return
to
Valladolid
,
but
hee
turned
another
waie
;
Andres
de
Ribera
,
son
in
law
to
Doctor
Tello
;
who
,
after
a
long
dispute
,
and
several
men
killed
on
both
sides
,
the
Bishop
receiving
fresh
supplies
from
the
Beherrias
,
was
enforced
to
surrender
upon
condition
,
onely
to
secure
the
lives
of
those
that
were
within
.
The
Bishop
took
the
persons
of
the
Governor
,
his
wife
,
and
Doctor
Tello
,
her
father
,
into
his
protection
,
SECT.
XIII
.
THe
Commanders
of
the
Iunta's
forces
used
all
possible
diligence
to
bee
revenged
of
those
of
Simancas
,
from
whom
they
received
continual
affronts
and
mischief
,
and
therefore
they
sent
for
more
me●
to
Toro
,
Zamora
,
Salamanca
,
and
Avila
,
which
they
exspected
daily
;
for
all
those
,
and
other
Cities
,
were
possessed
with
so
much
disdain
and
wilfulness
,
that
they
asspired
and
studied
nothing
more
,
then
the
mainteining
of
that
War
,
as
if
they
thought
that
their
onely
means
to
Salvation
;
whereof
certainly
there
was
weak
probabilitie
,
considering
,
that
for
eleven
months
,
which
those
Domestick
or
Civil
Wars
had
reigned
in
Spain
,
the
Divel
had
transported
the
hearts
of
men
with
this
infernal
furie
.
If
any
one
(
though
but
of
an
ordinarie
capacitie
)
did
se●iously
consider
,
what
destinie
would
befal
those
Citi●s
,
sor
denying
their
due
obedience
to
their
King
,
(
hee
granting
more
then
they
desired
)
and
persevering
in
such
extravag●nt
misdemeanors
and
cruelties
to
themselvs
,
besides
the
of●ens
to
God
;
what
could
hee
think
,
but
that
they
were
quite
bereaved
of
natural
reason
?
And
that
a
Bishop
(
CHRIST'S
Vicar
)
should
make
himself
Captain
of
such
ungratious
miscreants
,
O
●empora
!
ô
Mores
!
Impudence
and
respectless
audacitie
were
onely
in
esteem
;
the
vile
inconsiderate
multitude
fought
against
the
noble
and
virtuous
.
Those
that
were
of
good
extraction
,
or
possessed
any
considerable
fortune
,
durst
not
open
their
mouths
,
for
if
by
chance
they
did
let
fall
any
word
which
sounded
not
well
in
the
other's
ears
,
presently
their
persons
were
committed
to
prisons
,
their
goods
and
estates
confiscate
,
and
they
proclaimed
Traitors
.
Such
was
the
confusion
,
such
the
corruption
and
reprobate
estate
of
the
Castillians
,
in
our
Grandfathers
times
,
from
the
year
1519
,
until
1522
;
In
which
year
God
brought
his
Majestie
back
into
these
Kingdoms
:
which
returning
to
their
obedience
,
and
beeing
acknowledged
by
their
King
,
God
raised
them
to
the
magnificence
and
glorie
wherewith
they
flourished
in
former
ages
,
and
enjoie
yet
at
this
present
.
To
the
end
the
people
may
see
what
blessings
hee
bestow's
upon
subjects
that
are
obedient
to
their
Princes
,
and
how
hee
punisheth
the
contrarie
;
for
although
the
Taxes
which
they
impose
upon
them
bee
heavie
,
they
heap
upon
themselvs
grievances
infinitely
more
insupportable
,
by
rising
in
Rebellion
against
them
.
Though
this
strange
Historie
of
the
Commonalties
seem
opprobrious
to
this
Nation
,
and
an
indelible
blot
to
the
Castillian
honor
,
having
broken
their
faith
to
their
Sovereign
,
for
which
they
were
so
renowned
in
other
ages
:
yet
it
is
exceeding
profitable
in
this
respect
,
Villalon
,
Rioseco
,
or
Astorga
,
(
which
Towns
belonged
to
the
Lord
Admiral
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
and
Marquis
of
Astorga
)
their
envie
and
spight
beeing
so
inveterate
,
that
if
they
could
but
blemish
any
one
of
these
Noblemen's
eies
,
they
would
not
stick
to
have
pull'd
out
their
own
.
SECT.
XIV
.
DOn
Francisco
de
Veamonte
,
by
order
of
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
surprised
and
possessed
himself
(
finding
no
great
resistance
)
of
the
Town
of
Ampudia
,
or
Fuent
Empudia
,
belonging
to
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
who
was
then
playing
the
mad
mutinier
in
the
mountains
of
Alava
,
and
could
by
no
means
bee
reduced
to
the
Lord
high
Constable
.
The
Commoners
to
gain
favor
with
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
determined
to
retake
Ampudia
.
To
which
effect
one
night
in
the
said
month
of
Ianuarie
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
and
the
Bishop
,
made
an
alarm
in
the
Citie
of
Valladolid
,
causing
proclamation
to
bee
made
,
that
every
hous
should
furnish
a
Souldier
,
to
go
with
Iohn
de
Padilla
as
far
as
Cabecon
,
for
the
expedition
of
Ampudia
,
in
regard
they
had
intelligence
that
five
Companies
of
Foot
and
hors
were
marched
out
of
Tordesillas
and
Simancas
,
to
take
it
from
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
who
was
a
great
supporter
of
their
caus
.
But
the
Cavaliers
for
the
better
accomplishment
of
their
design
,
sent
ten
Scouts
before
to
discover
,
and
ride
close
to
Valladolid
,
whom
those
of
the
Citie
perceiving
,
presently
sallied
out
,
and
gave
not
over
the
pursuit
of
them
,
until
they
had
recovered
Simancas
▪
By
which
means
the
the
rest
went
securely
on
to
Ampudia
,
without
receiving
the
least
hindrance
from
Valladolid
,
who
were
diverted
by
those
of
Simancas
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
with
great
store
of
men
,
one
whole
Cannon
,
and
three
or
four
field-peeces
,
marched
to
Cabecon
and
Cigales
,
from
whence
he
sent
back
again
all
the
men
of
Valladolid
,
onely
two
Companies
,
with
which
,
and
the
rest
of
his
men
,
hee
arrived
in
very
good
order
at
Ampudia
,
where
hee
found
the
Cavaliers
,
masters
,
both
of
the
Town
,
and
Fort.
Iohn
de
Padilla's
men
,
beeing
mad
of
fighting
,
fell
to
storming
the
Town
,
and
having
made
two
great
breaches
,
in
the
old
,
and
new
Wall
,
the
Cavaliers
,
retreated
to
the
Fort
,
whither
they
pursued
them
:
But
the
Cavaliers
seeing
they
were
but
few
,
&
the
enemies
manie
,
and
stout-fighting
men
,
they
quitted
the
Fort
,
leaving
in
it
a
Governor
,
with
60
Hors
,
&
som
Foot
,
&
getting
out
at
a
private
Sallie-port
,
they
fled
to
the
Tower
of
Mormojon
,
one
league
distant
from
Ampudia
,
whereof
when
John
de
Padilla
had
notice
,
hee
followed
them
with
his
whole
Armie
,
and
beeing
arrived
at
Mormojon
,
hee
found
they
had
made
themselvs
strong
within
the
Castle
,
which
was
scituate
upon
the
side
of
the
Mountain
called
Toroços
,
towards
the
Champain
.
John
de
Padilla's
souldiers
were
all
so
animated
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
.
and
desirous
to
grapple
with
the
Cavaliers
,
that
making
a
furious
on-set
,
and
burning
down
the
gates
,
they
were
just
entring
the
Town
,
when
all
the
people
came
out
in
Procession
,
the
Priests
with
their
robes
,
and
Crosses
in
their
hands
,
and
the
women
,
and
children
bare-footed
,
fell
upon
their
knees
with
tears
,
and
humble
supplications
to
John
de
Padilla
,
that
hee
would
not
suffer
them
to
bee
sack'd
or
plundered
:
But
his
men
cried
out
,
No
,
no
,
let
us
sack
the
Town
.
At
which
words
John
de
Padilla
turned
himself
towards
his
souldiers
,
saying
,
Take
notice
,
Gentlemen
,
our
intention
is
not
to
ransack
or
destroie
any
people
,
especially
those
who
are
not
culpable
:
by
which
,
and
other
such
like
plaus●ble
language
,
hee
pacified
the
furious
greediness
of
his
souldiers
,
and
persuaded
them
to
do
what
hee
pleased
:
which
done
,
hee
told
the
people
upon
his
word
,
no
man
of
his
should
offer
them
any
violence
,
but
they
must
bring
a
thousand
Duckets
to
content
his
Armie
,
and
swear
to
bee
true
to
the
Commonaltie
;
whereunto
the
poor
Townsmen
,
out
of
fear
,
suddenly
condescended
,
and
John
de
Padilla
quartered
all
his
men
there
,
but
with
express
order
,
that
they
should
paie
for
every
thing
,
except
Provender
for
their
Horses
,
which
the
people
were
willing
to
give
them
.
Soon
after
,
John
de
Padilla
commanding
one
half
of
his
Armie
to
lay
close
siege
to
the
Castle
,
and
block
up
all
the
Advenues
,
with
the
other
half
he
returned
to
do
the
like
to
those
within
the
Fort
of
Empudia
,
who
would
willingly
have
surrendred
it
,
and
those
of
Mormojon
likewise
,
if
John
de
Padilla
would
have
secured
them
their
lives
onely
,
but
hee
refused
it
,
and
swore
,
if
they
stood
out
,
hee
would
hang
every
man
of
them
;
Iohn
de
Padill●
▪
and
the
Bishop
.
so
hee
assaulted
them
several
times
very
furiously
;
but
seeing
how
courageously
they
defended
themselvs
,
to
the
loss
of
no
smal
number
of
his
men
,
hee
was
glad
they
would
deliver
it
upon
better
conditions
;
which
were
these
,
That
they
should
resign
the
Fort
,
with
all
things
belonging
thereunto
,
as
Munition
,
Victuals
,
houshold-stuff
,
&c.
And
march
freely
out
with
all
their
own
Arms
,
horses
,
and
baggage
,
which
they
did
to
the
number
of
one
hundred
and
threesco●e
hors
and
Foot
.
Fray
Antonio
de
Guevara
,
in
his
Epistles
,
So
,
my
boyes
,
get
up
nimbly
,
fight
and
die
couragiously
,
and
let
my
Soul
go
at
a
venture
along
with
yours
,
since
you
die
in
so
just
and
Holie
an
enterprise
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
would
not
suffer
any
dammage
or
havock
to
bee
made
of
any
thing
within
the
Fort
,
nor
stand
to
batter
it
much
without
,
becaus
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
had
written
to
him
,
to
take
it
with
the
least
prejudice
to
him
that
might
bee
.
Those
of
the
Commonaltie
were
very
well
pleased
at
the
taking
of
Empudia
,
and
Iohn
de
Padilla's
Armie
increased
daily
,
by
the
confluence
of
people
to
him
from
the
Beherri●s
.
The
Bishop
of
Zamora
departed
from
Empudia
,
to
Monçon
,
thence
to
Magaz
,
spoiling
and
doing
all
the
mischief
hee
could
to
those
of
the
Cavaliers
partie
;
Hee
caused
Maçariegos
,
and
other
Towns
,
to
bee
sacked
,
insomuch
that
hee
was
asmuch
dreaded
as
fire
,
in
places
that
were
not
able
to
resist
him
.
But
in
Valladolid
they
found
great
miss
of
him
,
to
defend
them
from
the
incursions
of
those
in
garrison
at
Simancas
.
SECT.
XV.
THe
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
by
Letters
,
promises
,
and
other
private
practises
,
sollicited
,
and
egged
on
the
people
of
Burgos
,
asmuch
as
in
him
laie
,
to
make
another
Commotion
in
the
Citie
.
But
the
Lord
High
Constable
was
so
vigilant
and
zealous
to
advance
his
Majestie
's
service
,
that
hee
did
not
onely
keep
those
of
Burgos
in
good
order
and
subjection
,
but
endeavored
by
the
same
means
the
Bishop
used
,
per
force
,
having
taken
the
Command
of
the
Fort
from
them
.
To
bring
this
resolution
to
effect
,
one
daie
hee
drew
up
his
souldiers
and
servants
all
in
Arms
,
in
a
broad
place
before
his
own
hous
;
thither
repaired
to
him
forthwith
Don
Iohn
de
la
Cerda
,
Duke
of
Medina
Cely
,
Don
Luis
de
la
Cerda
,
Marquis
of
Cogolludo
,
his
son
,
Don
Alonso
de
Arellano
Earl
of
Aguilar
,
Don
Antonio
de
Velasco
Earl
of
Nieva
,
with
his
two
sons
,
Don
Hernando
de
Bobadilla
Earl
of
Chinchon
,
Don
Bernardino
de
Cardenas
,
Marquis
of
Elche
,
eldest
son
to
the
Duke
of
Maqueda
,
and
son
in
Law
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
besides
divers
other
persons
of
honor
,
with
their
kindred
,
and
servants
,
who
were
all
resolved
to
venture
their
lives
with
him
in
this
design
;
which
the
people
perceiving
,
they
all
assembled
likewise
,
intending
to
fight
with
these
Noblemen
,
and
they
were
so
near
engaging
,
that
som
Arrows
were
interchanged
from
each
partie
,
and
the
bullets
began
to
flie
also
;
but
the
chief
of
the
Citie
,
SECT.
XVI
.
THis
done
,
the
Lord
High
Constable
sent
Don
Iuan
Manrique
,
the
Duke
of
Naxara's
eldest
son
,
to
suppress
those
of
the
Merindades
;
and
by
reason
hee
was
very
young
,
Martin
Ruiz
de
Avendan̄●
,
and
Gomez
de
Butron
,
Gentlemen
of
great
account
in
those
parts
,
and
in
Biscaya
,
were
appointed
to
go
along
with
him
;
beeing
arrived
there
,
those
Gentlemen
carried
the
business
so
discreetly
,
that
there
was
a
peace
concluded
betwixt
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
and
those
of
the
Merindades
;
But
it
lasted
not
long
,
for
Gonsalo
de
Barabona
,
the
Abbat
of
Rueda
,
Garcia
de
Arce
,
but
chiefly
Don
Pedro
de
Ayala
,
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
infringed
it
,
who
was
grown
very
powerful
in
those
mountainous
parts
,
and
so
besotted
with
that
inconsiderate
passion
,
that
by
his
obstinacie
,
hee
brought
himself
to
a
miserable
end
,
to
the
utter
ruine
and
destruction
of
one
of
the
most
honorable
and
most
antient
families
of
Castilla
,
and
the
Mountains
.
SECT.
XVII
.
AT
the
time
that
most
of
the
Cities
of
Castilla
declared
for
the
Commonaltie
,
in
the
province
of
Alava
,
and
Citie
of
Vitoria
,
that
opinion
was
not
generally
received
nor
allowed
,
although
som
did
take
the
libertie
to
speak
over
lavishly
,
especially
against
those
of
the
Council
.
In
this
season
was
brought
to
the
said
province
,
and
Citie
of
Vitoria
,
a
Letter
from
Burgos
,
wherein
that
Citie
(
as
the
chief
of
Castilla
)
desired
those
of
that
province
to
send
two
persons
(
whom
they
pleased
)
to
confer
with
them
at
Burgos
.
At
the
same
time
,
were
brought
other
Letters
from
the
province
of
Guipuzcoa
,
and
the
Countie
of
Biscaya
,
desiring
that
they
might
all
unite
together
.
The
Citie
of
Naxara
and
Town
of
Haro
desired
,
that
they
would
assist
them
,
against
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
and
the
Duke
of
Naxara
,
who
,
they
said
,
did
tyrannize
too
much
over
them
;
Vitoria
returned
civil
answers
to
all
,
Burgos
onely
excepted
,
to
whom
they
would
not
write
,
becaus
they
made
themselvs
their
Superiors
,
in
styling
that
the
Metropolitan
Citie
of
Castilla
,
for
the
Citie
of
Vitoria
did
presume
that
they
,
and
their
province
of
Alava
,
were
absolute
of
themselvs
,
without
any
dependencie
,
or
relation
to
Burgos
,
as
their
Head
.
But
they
sent
Iohn
de
Alava
(
who
at
that
time
was
Merino
Mayor
,
that
is
,
Chief
Judg
of
Vitoria
)
to
let
their
Embassadors
understand
,
by
word
of
mouth
,
the
preheminence
of
that
Countrie
,
and
that
they
could
not
condescend
to
the
Union
which
they
desired
,
for
they
understood
that
Burgos
had
shaken
hands
with
their
obedience
to
his
Majestie
,
and
they
would
not
bee
participant
of
their
disloialtie
.
This
answer
was
no
less
unexpected
then
unwelcom
to
those
of
Burgos
.
About
the
same
time
,
San
Sebastian
,
becaus
they
would
not
approve
of
their
extravagant
opinions
,
cutting
down
and
spoiling
their
Orchards
,
(
for
they
have
no
Vineyards
)
and
doing
them
divers
other
mischiefs
.
But
prevailing
not
there
,
they
wrote
,
and
held
correspondence
with
divers
other
places
,
by
means
of
Pedro
Ochoa
de
Santa
Maria
de
Mondragon
,
(
a
subtil
fellow
)
who
was
their
Mercurie
.
At
length
,
Vitoria
tainted
with
the
same
diseas
,
had
joyned
in
confederacie
with
them
,
but
that
Diego
Martinez
de
Alava
,
Deputie-General
of
that
province
,
with
others
,
his
allies
and
kinsmen
,
endeavored
to
restrain
them
from
a
design
so
wicked
and
prejudicial
to
his
Majestie
.
SECT.
XVIII
.
THe
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
beeing
at
difference
with
Madama
Margarita
,
his
Ladie
,
insomuch
that
hee
would
not
live
with
her
,
shee
addressed
her
complaints
to
his
Majestie
of
her
grievances
,
and
of
the
indignities
,
which
,
through
his
cross
and
unworthie
disposition
,
Diego
Martinez
de
Alava
,
Deputie
general
of
that
Province
,
to
see
the
said
order
punctually
observed
,
who
desiring
to
execute
this
Command
by
the
Autoritie
and
means
of
the
Council
,
the
Earl
thought
to
counterpois
that
power
,
by
making
the
Commonaltie
of
his
side
,
who
did
him
little
good
in
this
particular
,
although
those
of
the
Iunta
sent
to
that
Province
,
and
to
the
Citie
of
Vitoria
,
a
Judg
,
called
Antonio
Gomez
de
Ayala
(
who
afterwards
was
executed
for
a
notorious
Commoner
at
Valladolid
)
with
orders
and
power
to
give
sentence
in
favor
,
or
against
any
that
should
bee
brought
before
him
:
his
addresses
were
particularly
to
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
to
the
end
that
hee
might
assist
and
support
him
:
The
Ea●l
gave
him
fiftie
men
,
who
attended
on
him
at
his
coming
into
Vitoria
;
which
the
Deputie
Diego
Martinez
de
Alava
,
and
Pedro
Martinez
his
brother
,
with
others
of
their
kindred
,
seeing
,
and
knowing
that
hee
brought
particular
orders
against
them
from
the
Iunta
at
Tordesillas
(
where
the
Deputie
,
and
his
kinsmen
,
had
been
proclaimed
Traitors
)
they
thought
it
a
thing
much
conducing
to
his
Majestie
's
service
,
and
their
own
securitie
,
to
apprehend
this
Judg
,
which
to
effect
,
the
sons
of
Don
Fernando
de
Alava
,
Diego
Martinez
de
Al●va
,
and
his
allies
,
apprehend
&
imprison
the
Judg
,
whom
the
Iunta
sent
to
Vitoria
.
Governor
of
Bernedo
,
and
Iohn
de
Alava
his
cosen
germane
,
with
twentie
men
,
besides
other
friends
and
servants
,
went
to
the
Judge's
lodging
,
took
him
and
his
servants
out
of
their
beds
,
clap't
irons
upon
them
,
and
carried
them
to
the
Fort
of
Bernedo
,
and
took
away
the
Orders
which
hee
brought
from
the
Iunta
,
wherein
they
gave
the
charge
of
Governor
and
Captain
General
to
Don
Pedro
de
Ayala
,
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
from
the
Citie
of
Burgos
to
Fuente
Ravia
.
The
Judg
remained
under
safe
custodie
in
the
Fort
,
in
mean
time
the
Gentlemen
,
who
carried
him
thither
,
returned
to
Vitoria
,
where
they
found
the
People
much
distempered
,
and
murmuring
at
those
men's
imprisonment
.
SECT.
XIX
.
'MOngst
these
Occurrences
came
an
Express
from
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
with
Letters
,
notifying
to
those
of
Vitoria
,
and
the
Province
of
Alava
,
the
Orders
which
his
majestie
had
sent
him
,
encharging
him
with
the
Government
of
the
Kingdoms
,
and
commanding
all
his
Subjects
,
to
obey
him
as
their
Vice-Roy
and
Governor
.
But
those
of
Alava
,
beeing
much
inclined
to
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
said
,
That
they
were
upon
a
certain
agreement
with
those
of
the
Province
of
Guipuzcoa
,
which
beeing
concluded
,
they
would
obey
as
far
as
they
were
obliged
.
But
the
Deputie
Diego
Martinez
,
and
all
his
friends
,
received
the
said
notification
with
due
respect
.
The
Citie
of
Vitoria
returned
an
answer
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
but
would
not
give
him
the
title
of
Governor
;
whereupon
som
words
passed
between
Iohn
de
Alava
,
&
the
rest
,
who
bade
him
,
in
scurvie
terms
,
go
out
of
the
Assemblie
;
but
he
boldly
answered
,
Get
you
gon
,
like
Traitors
and
Rebels
:
for
which
words
,
they
caused
him
to
bee
apprehended
.
In
this
interim
,
a
Priest
,
from
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
desired
to
have
conference
with
those
of
the
Assemblie
:
which
the
Deputie
,
Diego
Martinez
,
knowing
,
privately
stole
out
from
the
rest
,
and
laid
hands
upon
this
Priest
,
clapt
him
in
prison
,
and
having
opened
his
packet
,
hee
found
several
Letters
to
Friers
,
and
other
particular
men
,
desiring
them
to
induce
the
people
to
denie
their
obedience
to
the
Governors
.
This
bred
a
main
disorder
,
and
libels
were
scattered
about
by
the
people
:
yet
Martinez
,
&
Pedro
de
Alava
,
with
all
those
of
their
kindred
and
alliance
,
resolutely
determined
to
maintein
his
Majestie
's
Interest
,
pressing
and
requiring
all
the
rest
to
subscribe
also
to
his
Commands
;
if
not
,
they
protested
against
them
,
styling
them
no
otherwise
,
then
Rebellious
and
disloial
Traitors
.
Of
all
which
proceedings
,
they
sent
information
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
and
hee
to
the
Council
Roial
,
(
who
then
resided
at
Castroxeriz
)
.
Those
of
Vitoria
,
seeing
their
fidelitie
brought
into
question
,
resolved
to
submit
,
and
sent
their
Letters
to
that
effect
,
promising
all
obedience
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
beseeching
him
to
pardon
their
former
extravagancies
and
inconsidtrateness
,
and
that
hee
would
give
order
to
burn
those
Informations
,
which
Diego
Martinez
de
Alava
had
sent
to
him
against
them
;
which
hee
did
.
So
by
the
diligence
and
resolution
of
Diego
Martinez
de
Alava
,
and
other
Gentlemen
of
his
name
and
familie
,
the
Citie
of
Vitoria
was
reduced
,
and
continued
afterwards
their
Loialtie
and
obedience
to
his
Majestie
.
All
these
passages
were
in
the
year
1520
,
and
the
beginning
of
1521
▪
The
Lord
High
Constable
,
seeing
that
no
reason
would
sati●fie
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
endeavored
to
do
him
what
mischief
hee
could
.
Hee
took
from
him
the
Town
and
Castle
of
Empudia
,
and
put
a
Garrison
of
his
own
therein
,
who
(
as
you
have
heard
)
were
again
forced
to
quit
that
,
and
other
places
,
by
Iohn
de
Padilla
;
In
which
time
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
having
picked
up
a
number
of
people
out
of
the
Merindades
,
besides
his
own
servants
and
souldiers
,
hee
led
them
as
far
as
the
Monasterie
of
San
●an
Salvador
de
On̄a
,
wit●
intent
to
go
recover
Empudia
;
but
beeing
informed
there
,
that
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
had
already
taken
it
,
hee
changed
his
resolution
,
Diego
Martinez
,
and
his
brother
,
into
his
hands
.
The
Citie
,
beeing
not
a
little
stagger'd
and
affrighted
at
these
high
menaces
,
sent
messengers
to
the
Earl
,
with
great
submissions
,
which
so
much
abated
his
furie
,
that
all
the
month
of
Ianuarie
,
1521
,
they
remained
unmolested
.
SECT.
XX.
HIs
Majestie
's
Royal
Council
beeing
at
Briviesca
,
and
hearing
what
notable
service
Don
Pedro
Xuarez
de
Velasco
,
Lord
of
Cuscurrita
,
and
Dean
of
Burgos
,
had
done
his
Majestie
in
that
Citie
,
and
how
couragiously
hee
had
behaved
himself
,
they
sent
for
him
.
Don
Pedro
not
knowing
what
danger
might
befall
,
took
about
twentie
Gentlemen
and
servants
on
horsback
with
him
,
all
well
armed
,
with
green
Coates
over
their
Armor
,
that
no
bodie
could
discern
any
thing
,
besides
the
hounds
and
hawks
they
carried
with
them
,
made
no
creature
suspect
any
other
,
then
that
hee
went
out
to
take
his
pleasure
.
Beeing
arrived
at
Briviesca
,
the
Council
gave
him
order
to
subdue
the
seven
Merindades
of
old
Castilla
,
who
were
up
in
Arms.
Whereof
Don
Pedro
would
have
excused
himself
,
saying
,
That
it
was
not
suitable
with
his
Coat
to
command
Souldiers
;
(
for
hee
went
in
the
habit
of
a
Priest
,
by
reason
of
his
Deanry
.
)
But
those
of
the
Council
answered
,
that
although
hee
were
effectively
a
Priest
,
(
much
more
having
onely
the
habit
of
one
)
hee
ought
to
change
his
surplice
into
a
suit
of
Armor
,
especially
in
cases
wherein
the
service
of
God
,
and
the
King
,
was
so
much
concerned
.
Don
Pedro
,
seeing
it
was
in
vain
to
expostulate
any
further
,
resolved
to
put
their
Commands
in
execution
,
and
considering
hee
was
the
Lord
high
Constable's
Son
,
discreetly
valiant
,
and
beloved
of
every
bodie
,
many
Gentlemen
,
and
persons
of
qualitie
,
offered
themselvs
to
venture
their
fortunes
with
him
.
Beeing
arrived
within
a
league
of
Medina
de
Pumar
,
(
which
was
hard
by
those
Commoners
,
whom
hee
went
to
suppress
)
they
had
intelligence
of
his
approach
,
and
forthwith
disposed
themselvs
to
give
him
battle
;
Don
Pedro
,
though
hee
had
nothing
neer
so
many
men
,
resolved
however
to
conquer
them
,
or
die
in
the
combat
;
So
having
passed
over
a
wooden
Bridg
,
hee
gave
them
so
hot
and
furious
a
charge
,
D●n
Pedro
Xuarez
de
Velasco
routeth
those
of
the
Merindades
.
that
they
quickly
shewed
their
backsides
,
and
scattering
themselvs
in
a
disorderly
manner
,
they
sought
their
securitie
amongst
the
Craggie
mountains
,
hee
pursued
them
as
far
as
hee
could
,
and
staid
some
time
,
thinking
they
might
rallie
,
but
hee
heard
no
more
of
them
.
So
hee
returned
Victorious
,
and
lost
not
one
of
his
men
.
SECT.
XXI
.
IN
the
month
of
March
,
of
the
same
year
,
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
seeing
that
they
exceedingly
wanted
Artillerie
,
in
regard
the
Commoners
possessed
all
that
which
was
in
Medina
del
Campo
hee
gave
order
to
fetch
away
that
which
the
Catholick
Kings
had
in
store
at
Fuente
Ravia
.
Don
Sancho
de
Velasco
was
presently
dispatched
thither
,
with
Commission
to
bring
the
Munition
over
land
,
and
the
Artillerie
by
sea
to
Bilbao
,
thence
to
Vitoria
,
and
so
to
Burgos
.
The
Iunta
(
then
at
Tordesillas
)
having
intelligence
hereof
,
presently
sent
to
advertise
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
that
hee
might
prepare
forces
and
intercept
the
Artillerie
;
Who
used
such
diligence
,
that
in
short
time
,
hee
had
raised
,
amongst
his
friends
and
tenants
,
above
ten
thousand
men
.
And
a
Gentleman
named
Gonçalo
de
Varahona
,
Captain
of
the
said
Earl's
forces
,
went
to
the
Merindades
,
and
of
those
men
which
Don
Pedro
Xuarez
de
Velasco
had
routed
and
dissipated
,
hee
rallied
so
many
as
made
up
the
number
of
almost
fourteen
thousand
(
the
like
Armie
was
never
known
to
bee
raised
in
those
parts
,
in
so
short
a
time
)
with
these
men
hee
took
the
Munition
that
came
by
land
;
and
hearing
that
the
Artillerie
(
which
was
seven
great
pieces
of
Ordnance
)
was
coming
from
Bilbao
to
Vitoria
,
Alcalde
Leguizama
,
and
the
Corregidor
of
Vitoria
;
the
third
of
March
,
hee
marched
with
his
whole
Armie
nine
leagues
that
daie
,
and
night
,
the
next
morning
by
break
of
daie
hee
came
into
the
Vallie
of
Arretia
,
where
the
Artillerie
was
▪
Don
Sancho
de
Velasco
and
his
men
,
giving
all
for
lost
,
dis-mounted
their
Cannon
,
and
taking
away
the
Carriages
,
and
their
Mules
,
shifted
for
themselvs
.
The
Earl
seized
on
the
Artillerie
,
but
not
beeing
able
to
carrie
it
away
,
hee
caused
it
to
bee
broke
in
pieces
.
This
done
,
the
Earl
returned
with
his
Armie
to
the
Vallie
of
Ayala
,
having
som
intelligence
,
and
encouragement
from
som
of
his
friends
within
the
Citie
,
to
fall
upon
Vitoria
,
which
was
very
pleasing
to
his
Captain
Gonçalo
de
Varahona
,
and
other
Officers
.
The
report
flying
about
,
that
hee
intended
to
sack
Vitoria
,
made
a
number
of
rabbling
people
join
,
which
swelled
his
Armie
to
fifteen
,
or
sixteen
thousand
,
but
most
of
them
were
ill
armed
,
and
wors
disciplined
.
Hee
pitched
his
camp
in
the
plain
of
Arriaga
,
one
quarter
of
a
league
from
Vitoria
.
SECT.
XXII
.
THe
Abbat
of
Santa
Pia
,
and
Fray
Diego
de
Arna
,
a
Dominican
Frier
,
beeing
persons
,
whom
the
Earl
particularly
esteemed
and
effected
,
went
to
him
in
his
Camp
,
desiring
and
conjuring
him
not
to
enter
into
the
Citie
.
So
falling
upon
a
Treatie
of
agreement
,
hee
demanded
,
that
they
should
denie
their
obedience
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
and
that
they
would
deliver
unto
him
the
Deputie
Diego
Martinez
de
Alava
,
with
his
brother
,
and
certain
others
of
his
kindred
.
The
Cit●zens
believing
that
if
those
Gentlemen
were
out
of
the
Citie
,
the
Earl's
furie
might
bee
the
better
appeased
,
earnestly
desired
them
to
absent
themselvs
,
which
they
did
,
and
carried
their
wives
and
families
with
them
to
Trevin̄o
,
a
Town
belonging
to
the
Duke
of
Naxara
,
where
they
exspected
Don
Manrique
,
his
son
,
with
som
forces
from
Navarra
.
The
Citie
beeing
in
this
perplexitie
,
som
who
had
relation
to
Don
Alvaro
de
Mendoça
,
Lord
of
Mendoça
de
Arriva
,
(
who
was
an
intimate
friend
with
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
)
beseeched
him
for
Don
Alvaro's
sake
,
not
to
use
any
violence
to
that
Citie
.
But
hee
briskly
answered
,
That
they
had
not
performed
their
promises
to
him
.
At
last
,
to
satisfie
him
,
they
concluded
,
That
hee
should
enter
,
with
his
colors
flying
,
at
the
gate
of
Arriaga
,
and
march
out
again
at
the
gate
of
Santa
Clara.
Whil'st
this
was
arguing
,
com's
El
Licenciado
Aguirre
,
(
who
was
one
of
the
Council
)
saying
,
That
they
ought
not
to
open
the
gates
to
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
and
that
whosoever
should
do
it
,
were
Traitors
.
Those
that
were
present
gave
him
a
very
rude
answer
,
and
had
laien
violent
hands
on
him
,
if
Lope
de
Xuaço
,
and
som
others
,
had
not
suddenly
conveied
him
out
of
the
Citie
,
from
whence
hee
went
to
staie
with
Diego
Martinez
de
Alava
,
Gonçalo
de
Varahona
,
mean
time
hee
went
to
a
place
called
Ondagoya
,
in
the
Vallie
of
Quartango
.
Those
of
the
Iunta
sent
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
thanks
for
the
favor
hee
had
done
them
,
in
taking
that
Artillerie
which
the
Lord
High
Constable
(
they
said
)
intended
to
carrie
against
●alencia
,
and
afterwards
join
with
the
rest
of
the
Cavaliers
.
SECT.
XXIII
.
THis
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
Don
Pedro
de
Ayalae
Earl
of
Salva●ierr●
.
(
who
was
also
Earl
of
the
Vallies
of
Ayala
,
Quartango
and
San
Milan
)
was
a
man
of
a
monstrous
hautie
and
terrible
disposition
.
It
happened
,
when
those
of
the
Iunta
sent
to
him
,
desiring
him
to
wage
War
with
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
and
intercept
his
Artillerie
,
that
hee
then
was
with
his
Armie
before
Briviesca
,
and
without
returning
any
answer
to
their
Letters
,
hee
presently
raised
his
siege
.
The
Messengers
of
the
Iunta
thought
thereby
,
that
hee
had
no
intent
to
act
according
to
the
contents
of
the
Letters
,
which
they
delivered
him
,
and
were
very
angrie
,
saying
,
That
hee
did
onely
make
a
shew
of
favor
and
friendship
to
them
,
for
now
the
Common●ltie
having
need
of
him
,
hee
would
do
nothing
for
them
.
These
words
were
brought
to
his
ears
,
whereupon
hee
wrote
to
the
Iunta
,
SECT.
XXIV
.
THe
Gentlemen
of
Vitoria
,
who
were
retired
at
Trevin̄o
,
sent
to
the
Lord
high
Constable
and
Duke
of
Naxara
for
succor
;
The
Lord
high
Constable
sent
them
four
hundred
Foot
Souldiers
,
and
one
hundred
hors
.
The
same
night
they
arrived
at
la
Puebla
de
Argançon
,
the
Deputie
Diego
Martinez
went
with
them
to
suppress
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
at
Andagoya
,
but
hee
having
notice
of
their
design
,
shewed
them
a
pair
of
nimble
heels
.
Beeing
entred
into
the
Town
,
they
went
presently
to
his
hous
,
which
having
throughly
ransacked
,
they
burned
to
the
ground
;
which
done
,
they
returned
to
la
Puebla
.
The
next
daie
arrived
at
Trevin̄o
,
Don
Manrique
de
Lara
,
the
Duke
of
Naxara's
eldest
son
,
with
two
thousand
Foot
,
and
fourtie
hors
.
Hee
,
and
the
Deputie
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Gentlemen
there
,
resolved
to
go
to
Vitoria
,
and
inflict
condigne
punishment
upon
some
of
the
factious
,
and
encourage
those
of
the
Loyal
Partie
.
The
Inhabitants
of
Vitoria
,
beeing
unwilling
to
receiv
so
many
souldiers
into
the
Citie
,
sent
messengers
to
Trevin̄o
,
desiring
Don
Manrique
not
to
bring
his
souldiers
thither
,
but
they
could
not
prevail
.
So
those
men
which
Don
Manrique
brought
,
and
the
Lord
high
Constable's
,
entred
all
into
Vitoria
,
as
also
the
Deputie
with
all
his
kindred
.
The
next
daie
,
beeing
Fridaie
,
Don
Manrique
marched
to
the
Town
of
Salvatierra
,
which
was
the
Earl's
,
and
took
it
with
the
Castle
also
,
both
which
,
hee
gave
the
Deputie
Diego
Martinez
charge
to
keep
for
his
Majestie
,
leaving
him
two
hundred
souldiers
;
with
the
which
Diego
Martinez
marched
from
Salvatierra
,
to
a
place
called
Gauna
,
where
the
●arl
had
another
strong
hous
,
which
having
burnt
,
hee
returned
to
Salvatierra
,
and
Don
Manrique
the
Sundaie
following
,
went
back
to
Vitoria
.
The
Earl
seeing
they
had
taken
his
Town
of
Salvatierra
,
and
burnt
his
other
houses
,
went
to
the
Valley
of
Quartango
,
and
raised
four
thousand
eight
hundred
men
with
his
servants
.
Hurtado
Diez
de
Mendoça
,
hearing
this
,
came
to
Vitoria
,
and
advertised
Don
Manrique
of
all
particulars
;
Whereupon
hee
presently
marched
with
his
men
to
Quartango
.
The
Earl
staied
not
to
make
him
welcom
,
but
fled
with
all
his
men
to
the
mountains
;
So
Don
Manrique's
men
pillaged
all
the
Valley
,
burned
down
the
Towers
of
Andagoya
,
and
Morillas
.
Thence
hee
marched
towards
the
Merindades
,
where
hee
did
no
great
harm
,
the
people
submitting
themselvs
to
him
,
onely
hee
burned
some
houses
of
Gonçalo
Varahona's
,
thence
hee
went
to
Burgos
,
where
hee
joyned
his
forces
with
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
who
was
then
preparing
for
the
battle
of
Villalar
.
Gonçalo
Varahona
,
and
one
Captain
Brizuela
,
after
Don
Manrique's
departure
out
of
the
Merindades
,
did
a
world
of
mischief
in
the
houses
of
those
,
that
had
agreed
and
made
their
peace
with
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
at
the
Town
of
Valpuesta
,
hee
killed
one
Salazar
a
Batchellor
at
Law
,
and
burnt
his
hous
,
from
thence
hee
went
to
the
Valley
of
Ayala
,
where
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
was
:
Where
they
remained
until
April
next
following
,
raising
men
,
as
fast
as
they
could
,
to
go
against
Vitoria
and
Salvatierra
.
Whereof
the
Citie
beeing
advertised
,
they
put
themselvs
in
a
posture
to
resist
him
,
got
munition
from
the
Sea-side
,
made
readie
their
ordnance
,
mustred
their
●en
(
which
were
but
six
hundred
fit
to
bear
Arms
,
besides
two
hundred
Souldiers
.
)
The
Lord
high
Constable
sent
them
from
his
Towns
of
Haro
,
la
Puebla
,
and
San
Vicente
,
two
hundred
and
fiftie
men
more
,
besides
two
troops
of
light
hors-men
.
Hee
sent
moreover
Commissions
of
Captains
General
of
the
Mountains
,
and
those
parts
,
to
Martyn
Ruyz
de
Avendan̄o
y
de
Gamboa
,
and
to
Gomez
Gonçalez
de
Butron
y
de
Mugica
.
Upon
receipt
whereof
Martyn
Ruyz
de
Avendan̄o
came
to
Vitoria
,
and
with
the
men
of
the
Citie
,
and
those
that
came
from
other
places
,
resolved
to
give
the
Earl
battle
.
Hereupon
the
Deputie
Diego
Martinez
de
Alava
,
repaired
speedily
to
Salvatierra
,
to
defend
that
,
in
case
the
Earl
should
make
any
attempt
upon
it
.
Beeing
arrived
there
,
hee
would
have
sent
his
Son
to
the
Castle
of
Bernedo
,
whereof
hee
was
Governor
,
but
the
Towns-men
would
not
suffer
him
,
and
offred
to
apprehend
him
,
whereupon
there
arose
great
disorder
,
and
hee
was
enforced
to
retire
into
the
Fort.
Divers
of
the
Towns-men
,
having
relation
to
the
Earl
,
were
very
desirous
that
hee
should
repossess
it
,
and
therefore
sent
him
intelligence
privately
,
that
Diego
Martinez
,
and
his
Sons
,
were
in
a
manner
prisoners
,
and
that
now
was
the
onely
time
for
him
to
fall
upon
the
Town
.
Whereof
hee
beeing
very
well
pleased
,
made
all
the
haste
he
could
from
Quartango
to
Salvatierra
,
but
was
met
in
the
waie
by
the
hors
of
Vitoria
,
who
took
some
of
his
men
prisoners
,
however
hee
marched
on
,
and
Gonçalo
Varahona
staied
behïnde
;
The
next
daie
about
midnight
●ee
arrived
at
one
of
the
Gates
of
Salvatierra
,
called
San
Iuan
,
and
his
men
cried
Ayala
,
Ayala
;
Which
the
Deputie's
men
(
who
were
upon
the
guard
)
hearing
,
put
themselvs
in
a
posture
of
defence
,
and
discharged
some
of
their
Ordnance
,
which
killed
and
hurt
some
of
his
Souldiers
.
The
Earl
himself
,
beeing
very
neer
the
Gate
,
they
flung
down
a
great
squar'd
stone
,
which
raked
his
shoulders
as
it
fell
,
and
quite
spoiled
his
hors
,
that
made
him
retreat
further
off
till
daie-break
,
by
which
time
Gonçalo
Varahona
had
brought
the
rest
of
his
men
,
so
they
marched
all
in
a
bodie
to
a
place
called
Vicun̄a
,
where
they
burned
five
houses
belonging
to
Diego
Martinez
de
Alava
.
And
the
Earl
having
intelligence
that
the
Town
of
Salvatierra
,
and
the
Deputie
,
were
reconciled
,
and
stood
upon
the
defensive
,
having
no
Artillerie
with
him
,
nor
finding
any
refreshment
for
his
men
,
the
people
beeing
all
fled
to
the
Mountains
,
hee
relinquished
his
design
.
But
upon
his
retreat
,
a
Partie
of
hors
with
some
Foot
,
sallied
out
of
Vitoria
,
and
took
divers
of
his
men
at
Alegria
,
with
whom
returning
to
the
Citie
,
and
giving
notice
of
the
order
,
or
rather
disorder
,
of
the
Earl's
Armie
,
they
concluded
to
fight
them
;
To
which
purpose
all
the
hors
and
Foot
marched
out
,
and
Captain
Ochoa
de
Asua
was
sent
before
to
hinder
him
from
passing
the
bridg
of
Durana
;
But
his
hors
beeing
already
passed
,
they
made
it
good
till
the
Foot
was
all
over
,
by
which
time
the
whole
bodie
of
the
Vitorians
was
come
up
.
Gonçalo
Varahona
valiantly
staied
behind
,
crying
to
his
men
to
stand
.
Captain
Valenzuela
encountred
him
,
and
took
him
prisoner
,
who
,
with
six
hundred
of
his
men
,
much
pillage
,
and
divers
Colours
,
were
all
carried
to
Vitoria
;
Martin
Ruyz
de
Avendan̄●
,
G●nsalo
Va●ahona
taken
prisoner
by
those
of
Vito●ia
,
and
be●●a●ed
in
the
ma●ket
place
of
th●ir
Citie
.
who
was
present
at
the
sight
,
committed
Gonçalo
Varahona
to
Pedro
de
Alava's
hous
for
the
present
,
and
few
daies
after
,
hee
was
beheaded
in
the
great
market
place
,
whereof
an
express
was
sent
to
give
the
Lord
high
Constable
notice
,
who
was
then
upon
going
to
Villalar
,
where
,
a
short
time
after
,
the
battle
was
given
,
which
was
the
ruine
and
break-neck
of
the
Commoners
.
SECT.
XXV
.
TO
relate
all
the
troubles
which
the
Lord
High
Constable
had
with
those
of
Burgos
,
and
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
would
fill
whole
Volumes
.
I
shall
now
onely
cursarily
mention
,
what
was
done
in
order
to
the
conclusion
of
the
Treatie
and
Articles
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso
begin's
to
treat
privately
with
the
Council
,
by
means
of
Alonso
Ortiz
,
who
was
a
Iurate
of
Toledo
,
and
his
fellow
Commissioner
in
the
Parlament
at
Santjago
.
which
the
Bishop
of
Laodicea
brought
,
concerning
the
reducing
of
Don
Pedro
Lasso
.
Four
daies
Ortiz
remained
in
Tordesillas
,
exspecting
until
the
Lord
Admiral
had
consulted
of
those
Articles
with
the
Cardinal
,
and
given
him
the
result
of
their
determination
.
But
in
daie
time
hee
durst
not
go
abroad
,
so
that
his
negotiation
was
onely
in
the
night
,
(
for
there
is
no
War
so
dangerous
as
that
betwixt
kindred
,
and
people
of
the
same
Nation
and
Language
)
.
At
last
hee
was
dispatch't
,
but
hee
was
fain
to
carrie
their
Answer
in
his
memorie
,
not
daring
to
have
any
writing
about
him
,
●o
hee
went
coasting
and
crossing
the
Countrie
in
the
night
,
until
hee
came
into
the
high-waie
of
Medina
del
Campo
,
to
the
end
that
if
hee
should
meet
any
of
the
Commoners
,
they
might
think
hee
came
from
Medina
,
and
was
going
to
Valladolid
;
where
,
by
break
of
daie
,
hee
arrived
,
and
the
Guards
knowing
him
at
the
Gates
,
let
him
in
without
difficultie
▪
He
would
not
go
to
his
own
lodging
,
but
alighted
at
a
friend's
hous
,
whence
hee
went
directly
to
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
and
gave
him
an
exact
account
of
what
hee
had
done
with
the
Cardinal
and
the
Lord
Admiral
at
Tordesillas
.
But
in
regard
hee
had
not
full
satisfaction
of
all
his
demands
(
which
were
,
that
they
should
procure
his
Majestie
's
approbation
and
allowance
of
the
principal
Articles
sent
him
by
the
Iunta
,
for
the
good
of
the
Kingdoms
)
.
It
was
determined
,
that
the
Bishop
of
Laodicea
should
send
a
Friar
to
Tordesillas
,
who
should
correspond
with
him
in
their
ordinarie
cypher
,
and
that
Ortiz
should
likewise
return
thither
;
which
hee
did
cunningly
,
without
giving
any
susspition
,
and
beeing
dispatched
,
hee
returned
to
Valladolid
in
like
manner
as
before
.
SECT.
XXVI
.
IN
this
same
year
,
the
Kingdom
of
Toledo
broke
out
into
the
like
disorders
and
exorbitancies
,
as
were
committed
in
other
parts
of
Castilla
.
They
report
in
Toledo
,
of
Donia
Maria
Pacheco
,
wife
to
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
and
daughter
to
the
Earl
of
Tendilla
,
that
shee
was
a
woman
of
such
a
daring
and
resolute
spirit
,
that
shee
was
the
greatest
Instrument
to
support
the
Commonaltie
of
that
Citie
.
And
(
if
wee
may
believ
Fray
Antonio
de
Guevara
)
hee
relate's
,
that
shee
beeing
com
into
the
Vestrie
of
the
great
Church
in
Toledo
,
to
take
away
the
Plate
for
paiment
of
her
husband's
souldiers
,
shee
fell
upon
her
knees
,
beat
her
brests
with
her
hands
,
cried
,
sighed
and
sobbed
,
two
torches
standing
lighted
before
her
,
and
fell
into
a
kinde
of
extasie
,
believing
the
deceit
and
conjuring
of
a
Morisca
Witch
,
who
told
her
,
that
her
husband
should
com
to
bee
a
King
,
or
somwhat
near
it
.
Hee
saith
manie
other
things
of
her
,
but
let
them
pass
,
since
afterwards
she
paied
dear
enough
for
her
follie
:
And
indeed
what
otherwise
could
bee
exspected
of
a
woman
,
that
doth
so
far
deviate
from
the
rode
of
her
natural
emploiment
,
as
to
throw
aside
the
Distaff
,
and
the
Needle
,
and
busie
her self
with
matters
of
State
,
and
War
.
The
Towns
of
Orgaz
and
Ocan̄a
,
with
the
favor
and
support
of
those
of
Toledo
,
declared
likewise
for
the
Commonaltie
,
and
did
a
thousand
mischiefs
and
affronts
to
the
inhabitants
of
Almaguer
,
and
other
places
;
for
the
remedying
of
which
disorders
,
the
Governors
of
the
Kingdoms
constituted
and
ordeined
Don
Antonio
de
Zun̄iga
to
bee
Captain
General
of
the
Kingdom
of
Toledo
;
who
having
rai●ed
me●
at
Consuegra
,
marched
into
the
field
to
put
their
commands
in
execution
,
what
success
hee
had
,
shall
bee
said
hereafter
.
For
the
Iunta
,
and
the
Cavaliers
call
mee
away
.
SECT.
XXVII
.
THe
Citie
of
Valladolid
was
grown
so
passionate
in
the
prosecution
,
and
supporting
of
the
Commonaltie's
Interests
,
slighting
the
Emperor's
graces
to
them
,
and
beeing
so
malitiously
bent
against
his
Council
,
the
Lord
Admiral
,
and
the
Earl
of
Venavente
(
who
out
of
particular
relations
did
desire
,
and
used
all
means
possible
to
procure
their
good
)
that
all
their
affection
was
turned
into
hatred
,
and
their
favors
into
discourtesies
.
In
this
occurrence
arrived
at
Valladolid
,
a
certain
Priest
,
with
Orders
from
the
Emperor
,
and
the
Queen
,
to
the
President
and
Judges
of
the
Chancerie
there
residing
,
wherein
they
were
commanded
,
with
the
College
and
Universitie
,
forthwith
to
depart
that
Citie
.
This
coming
to
the
people's
knowledg
,
they
were
exceedingly
incensed
therewith
,
seeing
they
should
bee
deprived
of
three
main
benefits
they
had
;
which
to
prevent
,
they
gave
out
that
those
Orders
were
fals
,
and
forged
,
or
counterfeited
by
the
pretended
Governors
,
who
studied
to
do
them
all
the
mischief
they
could
.
And
they
determined
to
apprehend
the
Priest
that
brought
them
;
but
hee
sheltered
himself
by
the
President
's
advice
in
the
Chancerie
.
Whereupon
the
people
,
all
in
arms
,
came
thither
in
a
tumultuous
manner
to
demand
the
Priest
.
The
President
not
seeing
any
other
remedie
,
to
satisfie
the
multitude
,
delivered
him
to
them
;
they
presently
clap't
him
into
the
Common
Gaol
,
where
leaving
him
,
they
returned
to
the
President
,
and
in
a
furious
peremptorie
manner
demanded
,
that
hee
would
deliver
them
those
Orders
which
the
Priest
brought
him
;
hee
answered
,
That
after
hee
had
conferred
with
the
Judges
thereupon
,
they
should
have
them
;
but
they
growing
more
insolent
,
told
him
,
That
if
hee
delivered
them
not
without
any
further
delaie
,
they
would
set
fire
on
his
hous
.
The
President
,
seeing
their
mad
resolution
,
thought
it
his
best
way
to
let
them
have
their
wills
.
Those
Orders
beeing
brought
,
they
forcibly
entred
into
the
Chancerie
,
and
took
away
the
great
Seal
also
,
which
they
delivered
to
persons
of
their
own
choosing
.
In
the
Orders
they
found
,
how
the
Emperor
commanded
the
President
,
with
the
fore-named
,
within
three
daies
to
leav
Valladolid
,
and
repair
to
the
Governors
,
under
pain
of
beeing
deprived
of
their
Offices
,
and
that
for
the
present
they
should
go
to
the
Town
of
Arevalo
,
where
they
should
attend
his
further
pleasure
,
in
regard
Valladolid
had
declined
his
service
,
and
adhered
to
those
that
were
Traitors
to
his
Roial
Crown
.
SECT.
XXVIII
.
THe
Cavaliers
sent
to
Valladolid
,
desiring
a
cessation
for
ten
daies
.
The
Major
part
Voted
,
that
they
should
not
consent
thereunto
,
alledging
that
the
Cavaliers
would
break
it
,
and
besides
that
,
they
would
never
have
demanded
it
,
but
to
recrute
themselvs
with
men
and
arms
,
which
they
wanted
.
At
last
they
returned
this
answer
,
that
each
partie
should
deposite
five
thousand
Marcos
de
Plata
,
or
marks
of
silver
,
in
some
faithful
and
sure
person's
hands
,
and
whosoever
should
break
the
peace
in
that
time
,
should
forfeit
the
monie
,
upon
those
tearms
they
would
hearken
to
them
,
but
not
otherwise
.
The
Cavaliers
refused
this
proposition
,
and
the
next
daie
following
,
they
sent
a
Trumpeter
with
a
Letter
of
defiance
to
those
who
called
themselvs
the
Commissioners
of
the
Kingdom
,
declaring
open
War
with
fire
and
sword
against
the
Commonalties
,
and
Valladolid
,
and
required
them
to
laie
down
their
Arms
,
disband
their
souldiers
,
to
conform
themselvs
to
those
whom
his
Majestie
had
appointed
Governors
of
the
Kingdoms
,
and
obey
their
Commands
as
they
ought
.
Otherwise
they
protested
to
hold
them
as
Traitors
,
and
would
do
them
all
the
spoil
and
mischief
that
in
them
laie
.
Those
of
Valladolid
answered
,
That
they
feared
them
not
,
bade
them
do
their
worst
,
and
they
would
serv
them
with
the
like
sauce
:
And
without
any
long
delay
they
sent
to
those
in
Simancas
,
charging
them
,
both
men
,
women
,
and
children
,
presently
to
depart
the
Town
,
or
they
should
all
suffer
death
without
reserv
.
Thus
those
of
Valladolid
,
SECT.
XXIX
.
AFter
these
Letters
,
the
Cavaliers
wrote
another
to
Valladolid
,
which
I
could
not
procure
:
But
I
have
seen
the
answer
,
which
those
of
Valladolid
returned
them
.
It
seemed
that
the
Cavalier's
Letter
to
them
was
not
so
Civil
,
and
respectful
,
as
they
did
exspect
.
Therefore
in
their
replie
,
they
said
,
That
they
believed
that
their
Letter
was
ill
addressed
,
for
certainly
it
was
not
intended
for
them
.
Then
they
fell
upon
the
justification
of
their
caus
,
imputing
the
fault
of
all
the
troubles
and
disturbances
of
the
Kingdom
to
the
Cavaliers
,
and
making
remonstrances
of
the
Common
People's
Loyaltie
,
in
what
concerned
his
Majestie
's
service
,
beeing
not
wedded
to
their
private
Interests
,
like
the
Cavaliers
,
who
alwaies
regarded
their
own
particular
advancements
and
profit
,
to
the
diminution
,
and
almost
,
consuming
of
the
Royal
Patrimonie
.
SECT.
XXX
.
THe
next
daie
after
this
Letter
was
written
,
the
Iunta
commanded
one
of
every
hous
in
Valladolid
to
march
out
with
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
to
receiv
Iohn
Bravo
,
who
came
Captain
of
those
men
,
which
were
sent
from
Segovia
,
Salamanca
,
and
Avila
.
They
were
in
all
six
thousand
compleat
Foot
and
hors
,
besides
thirtie
Carts
loaden
with
Munition
,
carriages
,
and
other
warlike
utensils
.
They
passed
the
bridg
of
Duero
,
to
the
great
grief
and
dread
of
those
in
Garrison
at
Simancas
(
which
was
not
far
distant
)
and
so
marched
directly
to
Valladolid
.
Upon
whose
arrival
,
the
Iunta
sent
for
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
who
was
in
the
Beherrias
,
burning
and
spoiling
Cavalier's
lands
.
The
Bishop
beeing
returned
,
they
sat
in
consultation
upon
what
enterprise
they
should
go
next
.
Those
of
Valladolid
spred
a
report
,
that
they
would
fall
upon
Simancas
,
in
revenge
of
the
damages
which
they
daily
received
from
that
Garrison
.
SECT.
XXXI
.
I
Mentioned
cursorily
before
,
how
Don
Pedro
Lasso
began
to
wax
wearie
of
the
Commonaltie
,
and
bethink
himself
of
the
disservice
hee
had
done
his
Majestie
:
Now
you
shall
hear
fur●her
with
what
difficultie
his
reconcilement
was
accomplished
.
Ortiz
beeing
returned
to
Valladolid
,
related
to
Don
Pedro
Lasso
every
particular
passage
(
to
his
best
remembrance
,
for
hee
durst
not
bring
any
papers
)
betwixt
the
Lord
Admiral
,
the
Cardinal
,
and
him
,
concerning
the
agreement
.
Wherewith
Don
Pedro
was
not
well
satisfied
,
seeing
they
demanded
more
of
him
,
then
hee
was
able
to
perform
,
so
hee
remained
unresolved
.
About
the
time
that
he
was
in
this
Quandarie
,
arrived
at
Valladolid
,
Fray
Francisco
de
los
Angeles
of
the
order
of
St
Francis
,
a
man
of
a
noble
extraction
and
great
learning
,
who
afterwards
was
Bishop
of
Coria
and
a
Cardinal
.
Hee
went
first
to
Burgos
with
Letters
from
the
Emperor
to
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
and
the
Articles
which
hee
desired
his
Majestie
to
sign
for
that
Citie
:
thence
hee
came
to
Valladolid
,
where
hee
had
conference
with
Don
Pedro
Lasso
;
but
lest
their
too
frequent
conversation
might
breed
suspition
,
Don
Pedro
agreed
,
that
hee
should
communicate
freely
with
Alonso
Ortiz
,
whose
breast
hee
found
a
secure
receptacle
of
any
secret
.
Ortiz
told
Fray
Francisco
all
the
waies
and
means
hee
had
used
at
Tordesillas
,
and
what
treaties
had
passed
betwixt
him
and
the
Lord
Admiral
;
That
for
his
part
hee
came
from
Toledo
to
Valladolid
▪
meerly
to
trie
if
his
endevors
might
contribute
any
thing
to
the
remedying
or
composing
of
those
unhappie
differences
.
Hereupon
Fray
Francisco
took
a
resolution
to
go
himself
to
Tordesillas
,
to
confer
,
with
the
Cardinal
and
Lord
Admiral
;
and
beeing
there
,
they
sent
for
Ortiz
,
who
went
to
them
upon
Shrove-tuesdaie
,
Anno
1521
,
hee
alighted
at
the
Monasterie
of
Santa
Clara
,
where
Fray
Francisco
lodged
,
and
in
regard
it
was
past
midnight
,
there
was
then
no
possibilitie
of
speaking
with
the
Lord
Admiral
;
but
the
next
morning
,
hee
coming
to
hear
Mass
in
the
same
Monasterie
,
went
up
into
Fray
Francisco's
chamber
,
where
Ortiz
hid
himself
;
all
that
morning
until
dinner
time
they
spent
in
treating
about
the
Articles
,
in
the
Afternoon
they
did
the
like
;
and
it
was
God's
will
,
that
before
they
parted
,
all
was
fully
concluded
,
to
the
contentment
and
satisfaction
of
each
partie
,
whereof
were
transcribed
two
Copies
,
one
signed
and
sealed
by
the
Cardinal
and
Lord
Admiral
,
as
Governors
,
obliging
themselvs
punctually
to
perform
all
and
every
the
Articles
therein
conteined
,
and
procure
them
to
bee
confirmed
by
his
Majestie
,
provided
that
Don
Pedro
Lasso
did
make
good
what
hee
had
promised
.
Ortiz
durst
not
carrie
this
writing
to
Valladolid
,
fearing
lest
the
Guards
should
search
him
.
So
it
was
agreed
,
that
Fray
Francisco
de
los
Angeles
should
carrie
it
to
Abrojo
,
a
Monasterie
of
Friers
,
a
league
short
of
Valladolid
,
(
for
hee
durst
not
venture
to
go
into
the
Citie
with
that
about
him
)
and
that
Ortiz
should
send
som
trustie
messenger
thither
for
it
.
Ortiz
returned
the
same
night
(
half
frozen
)
to
Valladolid
,
and
the
Guards
let
him
in
without
touching
him
,
hee
telling
them
that
hee
came
from
Medina
del
Campo
.
Beeing
entred
the
Citie
,
hee
went
immediately
to
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
whom
hee
informed
fully
of
all
the
passages
,
and
that
Fray
Francisco
de
los
Angeles
was
to
bring
the
Articles
of
agreement
in
writing
,
signed
and
sealed
that
same
night
to
Abrojo
;
which
hee
did
,
the
Earl
of
On̄ate
giving
him
a
Convoy
of
twentie
Hors
from
Simancas
,
who
put
him
safe
within
the
gates
of
the
said
Monasterie
,
Don
Pedro
and
Ortiz
were
in
pain
long
time
,
how
they
should
send
with
safetie
for
this
writing
,
and
at
last
they
resolved
one
Fray
Pedro
de
san
Hippolito
(
of
the
Monasterie
Del
Prado
(
which
was
without
the
Citie
)
who
was
Don
Pedro's
Confessor
)
should
go
for
it
.
Hee
accepted
the
emploiment
,
and
went
to
Abrojo
,
and
having
received
the
writing
of
Fray
Francisco
de
los
Angeles
,
hee
returned
;
but
beeing
com
near
to
Valladolid
about
Sun-setting
,
hee
met
with
certain
souldiers
which
had
been
roving
abroad
,
who
seeing
the
Frier
in
that
rode
,
imagined
that
hee
came
from
Simancas
,
and
thinking
him
to
bee
a
Spie
(
or
rather
for
greediness
of
his
mule
)
they
laid
hands
on
him
,
saying
,
Hee
was
a
Traitor
,
and
that
hee
came
from
Simancas
to
give
the
Cavaliers
intelligence
of
what
passed
in
Valladolid
.
In
this
rude
manner
they
led
him
into
the
Citie
,
calling
him
Traitor
,
and
saying
,
that
they
wovld
strip
him
,
to
see
what
Letters
hee
brought
to
any
particular
persons
;
so
they
brought
him
to
an
hous
close
by
the
gate
,
where
they
made
him
alight
to
bee
stript
.
But
it
was
God's
great
mercie
to
deliver
Don
Pedro
,
and
the
rest
that
were
engaged
with
him
out
of
this
danger
:
for
just
as
Fray
Pedro
was
forced
to
alight
from
his
mule
,
Fray
Pedro
addressing
himself
,
with
a
neat
slight
of
hand
,
and
a
notable
resolution
,
drew
the
papers
out
of
his
own
sleev
,
and
slipt
them
into
one
of
theirs
,
beseeching
him
for
God's
sake
to
fling
them
into
the
fire
,
and
let
no
bodie
see
them
:
thus
hee
deceived
the
eies
of
above
five
hundred
people
that
were
gathered
together
to
strip
him
:
which
they
did
,
but
finding
no
papers
at
all
about
him
,
they
carried
him
before
Pedro
de
Touar
,
one
of
the
Regidores
,
and
Captain
of
Valladolid
,
who
knowing
him
,
commanded
them
presently
to
releas
him
.
By
this
wile
hee
saved
the
lives
of
all
those
that
were
concerned
in
that
Writing
.
SECT.
XXXII
.
THe
Franciscan
Friers
,
having
read
these
Articles
,
did
burn
them
,
as
Fray
Pedro
desired
;
but
they
could
not
refrain
from
speaking
thereof
to
som
others
,
and
they
to
others
,
so
that
at
last
it
was
the
common
Town-talk
,
and
it
was
carried
to
the
Iunta
.
Don
Pedro
Lasso
somwhat
troubled
,
asked
Ortiz
what
they
should
do
;
who
bad
him
bee
of
a
good
courage
,
and
if
any
question
came
of
it
,
to
saie
,
it
was
a
trick
of
the
Cavaliers
,
to
sow
discord
amongst
them
,
and
although
they
had
begun
with
him
,
doubtless
,
ere
long
,
they
would
do
the
like
to
others
.
It
fell
out
(
as
Don
Pedro
feared
)
that
hee
was
questioned
in
the
Iunta
hereupon
;
but
hee
was
so
well
prepared
to
answer
them
,
absolutely
denying
the
Charge
,
that
with
his
smooth
and
resolute
answers
they
were
satisfied
;
in
regard
there
was
no
evidence
,
nor
any
ground
of
suspecting
,
but
meerly
from
the
bare
words
of
the
Friers
.
This
sore
beeing
well
salved
,
Ortiz
wen
again
to
Fray
Pedro
,
desiring
him
to
venture
once
more
to
Tordesillas
,
and
acquaint
the
Lord
Admiral
of
what
had
passed
,
and
beseech
him
to
send
another
Copie
of
the
Articles
,
like
the
former
,
which
was
lost
;
which
hee
told
him
,
hee
might
safely
enough
do
in
the
night
,
there
beeing
a
Monasterie
of
his
Order
just
in
the
waie
to
Tordesillas
,
whither
hee
would
send
another
messenger
to
bring
it
to
Valladolid
.
The
Frier
went
,
and
beeing
arrived
at
Tordesillas
,
hee
told
the
Lord
Admiral
the
storie
of
his
adventures
,
and
how
the
former
Copie
had
miscarried
,
and
therefore
Don
Pedro
,
and
Ortiz
,
desired
him
to
send
another
.
The
Lord
Admiral
wondered
at
the
Frier
's
strange
relation
,
and
thanked
God
with
him
for
his
deliverie
,
and
gave
him
forthwith
another
copie
verbatim
like
the
first
,
wherewith
hee
returned
in
the
night
to
his
Monasterie
,
whither
Ortiz
sent
one
of
his
own
servants
,
who
brought
it
safe
into
Valladolid
.
Hereupon
Don
Pedro
Lasso
began
to
undermine
,
&
cunningly
to
confer
with
som
gentlemen
&
Comissioners
of
the
Junta
,
concerning
the
miseries
of
the
times
,
persuading
them
to
condescend
to
a
peace
,
&
to
bee
reduced
to
the
good
,
and
tranquillitie
of
the
Kingdoms
,
in
regard
that
was
the
end
of
their
Assembling
and
rising
up
in
arms
.
Som
thought
this
Proposition
but
just
and
reasonable
,
others
absolutely
dis-approved
it
.
All
these
passages
were
particularly
related
to
the
General
of
the
Dominican
Order
,
then
beeing
at
Tordesillas
,
who
persuaded
the
Grandees
of
the
Kingdom
to
send
Letters
to
those
of
the
Iunta
General
,
and
to
the
Particular
Iunta
of
Valladolid
,
to
this
effect
;
That
in
regard
both
Parties
did
fervently
desire
the
good
,
and
quiet
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
that
each
in
particular
did
pretend
to
advance
it
,
yet
they
spoiled
and
butchered
one
another
without
sens
or
reason
,
beeing
all
Natives
of
the
same
Countrie
,
and
their
intentions
(
though
in
a
different
waie
)
steering
the
same
Cours
.
Therefore
for
the
better
understanding
of
each
other
,
if
the
Gentlemen
of
the
Iunta
would
nominate
any
two
of
the
Commissioners
,
and
send
them
to
the
Monasterie
of
St
Thomas
,
which
is
without
Tordesillas
,
to
treat
with
them
,
they
would
at
the
same
time
appoint
two
of
their
partie
to
go
to
the
Monasterie
del
Prado
,
not
far
from
Valladolid
,
to
confer
with
those
of
the
Iunta
;
by
which
means
they
might
com
to
som
reasonable
agreement
,
for
the
satisfaction
and
general
good
of
the
Kingdoms
,
and
that
there
might
bee
no
more
war
or
dissention
amongst
them
,
which
had
been
the
occasion
of
so
much
damage
and
miserie
.
Those
of
the
Iunta
(
divers
of
them
beeing
indifferently
well
inclined
,
and
seeing
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
who
was
one
of
the
principal
amongst
them
,
lean
that
waie
)
were
so
far
from
dissenting
,
that
without
further
delay
,
they
appointed
him
,
and
Alonso
de
Guadalaxara
,
Commissioner
of
Segovia
,
to
go
in
their
names
to
Tordesillas
,
giving
first
notice
to
the
Cavaliers
thereof
,
and
wishing
them
to
send
their
Agents
to
Prado
,
as
was
agreed
,
both
giving
securitie
and
pledges
that
their
Messengers
should
pass
without
danger
or
molestation
.
This
was
concluded
on
Fridaie
,
March
the
10th
1521.
On
Saturdaie
night
following
arrived
at
Valladolid
,
those
whom
the
Governors
sent
for
pledges
;
but
those
who
were
against
this
Treatie
,
having
consulted
with
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
who
likewise
did
not
relish
it
,
gave
order
to
those
upon
the
Guard
,
not
to
let
any
into
the
Citie
that
came
from
Tordesillas
,
but
to
take
away
their
Letters
,
and
seiz
upon
their
persons
:
Insomuch
that
a
messenger
with
a
Pass
for
them
,
beeing
com
to
Valladolid
,
the
Guards
would
have
apprehended
him
,
but
hee
was
so
circumspect
,
that
hee
got
clear
of
them
,
and
returned
to
Tordesillas
.
This
was
not
done
by
the
general
consent
of
the
Iunta
,
but
onely
by
those
which
were
against
the
Treatie
;
and
the
rest
of
the
Junta
marvelled
that
the
Cavaliers
did
not
keep
their
words
,
in
sending
their
Pass
,
or
safe
Conduct
for
the
Commissioners
,
according
to
their
own
motion
.
SECT.
XXXIII
.
THings
beeing
thus
discomposed
,
the
Captains
of
the
several
Cities
,
with
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
and
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
agreed
to
draw
all
their
forces
into
the
field
,
to
stop
all
correspondence
betwixt
Valladolid
and
Tordesillas
,
that
the
Treatie
might
not
go
forwards
,
and
to
destroie
and
spoil
all
the
Towns
or
houses
they
could
,
th●t
belonged
to
any
of
the
Gentrie
in
Tordesillas
.
With
this
resolution
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
with
his
Toledians
,
Iohn
Zapata
with
those
from
Madrid
,
Iohn
Bravo
,
Captain
of
the
Segovians
,
and
Francisco
Maldonado
,
who
commanded
the
men
of
Avila
and
Salamanca
,
went
to
the
Iunta
,
desiring
that
they
would
appoint
a
Captain
General
over
them
all
,
and
it
is
reported
(
out
of
craft
,
thereby
to
render
him
more
odious
to
the
Common
People
)
that
they
press'd
to
have
that
office
conferred
upon
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
which
plot
was
imputed
to
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
who
never
was
Don
Pedro's
friend
.
The
Iunta
,
to
satisfie
them
,
did
name
Don
Pedro
,
but
hee
desired
som
time
to
think
upon
it
,
before
hee
would
accept
it
,
and
those
that
bare
him
no
good
will
,
began
to
divulge
his
beeing
made
General
,
in
a
disparaging
manner
,
saying
,
It
was
more
honor
then
hee
deserved
,
in
regard
hee
had
given
them
so
much
reason
to
suspect
his
fidilitie
,
for
holding
correspondence
with
the
Governors
to
sell
them
,
and
that
Iohn
de
Padilla
was
much
more
fit
for
that
Command
.
This
was
so
much
buzz'd
amongst
the
people
,
that
they
began
to
murmur
highly
against
Don
Pedro.
The
mutinie
growing
to
such
an
height
,
that
Don
Pedro
,
and
his
friends
,
not
thinking
themselvs
secure
,
prepared
to
make
resistance
,
in
case
they
should
assault
them
in
their
houses
,
as
som
gave
out
they
would
.
And
(
they
saie
)
the
very
school-boys
,
instructed
by
their
masters
so
to
do
,
ran
crying
up
and
down
the
streets
,
Let
Iohn
de
Padilla
bee
General
,
and
not
Don
Pedro
Lasso
.
The
Bishop
of
Zamora
sent
him
word
that
his
safest
waie
would
bee
to
absent
himself
from
the
Citie
,
or
at
least
,
to
retire
into
some
secret
place
,
for
the
people
were
very
jealous
of
him
,
and
in
their
furie
would
bee
apt
to
do
him
some
displeasure
,
but
this
was
onely
a
plot
to
entrap
him
.
Don
Pedro
very
resolutely
returned
the
Bishop
this
answer
,
That
hee
had
done
nothing
that
hee
was
ashamed
of
,
or
ought
to
run
awaie
for
,
and
that
hee
would
not
stir
out
of
his
hous
,
if
the
people
had
any
thing
to
saie
to
him
,
there
they
should
finde
him
.
The
people's
design
upon
Don
Pedro
Lasso
beeing
publickly
known
,
some
principal
persons
of
the
Citie
came
amongst
them
,
and
so
handled
the
matter
,
that
they
all
retired
to
their
houses
,
and
there
was
no
harm
done
.
SECT.
XXXIV
.
THose
of
the
Junta
,
beeing
in
consultation
about
the
ordering
of
their
Armie
(
for
there
was
no
more
thought
of
peace
)
some
said
,
that
it
was
very
requisite
that
they
should
have
a
Captain
General
,
and
although
Iohn
de
Padilla
had
executed
the
office
ever
since
Don
Pedro
Giron
had
left
it
,
yet
hee
had
not
his
Commission
from
the
Junta
,
neither
had
the
present
Armie
(
which
the
several
Cities
had
raised
)
acknowledged
him
.
Som
stood
for
Don
Pedro
Lasso
de
la
Vega
;
but
the
major
part
of
the
Junta
,
and
all
the
Common
people
Voted
for
John
de
Padilla
.
Hee
seeing
that
they
would
make
him
their
Captain
General
,
out
of
a
feigned
modestie
refused
it
,
earnestly
desiring
them
all
to
give
their
Votes
rather
for
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
who
was
more
worthie
and
capable
of
so
high
a
Charge
then
hee
,
not
that
hee
declined
their
service
however
,
but
hee
would
content
himself
with
the
Command
of
the
two
thousand
men
which
hee
brought
from
Toledo
,
with
whom
,
and
with
his
own
person
,
hee
would
serv
the
Commonaltie
to
the
last
breath
.
The
people
hearing
that
John
de
Padilla
was
like
to
bee
outed
,
they
came
crying
in
a
tumultuous
mannertothe
Junta
,
and
pres●ing
them
to
make
John
de
Padilla
their
General
,
for
no
man
els
should
bee
.
And
thinking
that
Dom
Pedro
Lasso
was
the
onely
man
that
hindred
the
election
of
John
de
Padilla
,
the
multitude
ran
presently
to
apprehend
him
in
his
hous
,
laying
to
his
charge
that
hee
had
used
means
to
reduce
them
to
his
Majestie
's
service
,
that
hee
had
been
caus
that
the
Cavaliers
had
taken
Tordesillas
,
having
been
in
the
conspiracie
with
Don
Pedro
Giron
.
But
the
Bishop
and
John
de
Padilla
followed
,
and
staied
them
in
the
great
market
place
.
Assoon
as
ever
the
rabble
saw
the
Bishop
and
him
,
they
flocked
round
about
them
crying
out
,
Let
John
de
Padilla
live
,
let
the
Bishop
live
,
long
may
live
John
de
Padilla
,
who
take's
away
the
taxes
of
Castilla
.
In
this
manner
did
the
multitude
carrie
him
up
and
down
the
market
place
,
hooting
and
shooting
as
if
they
had
been
all
mad
;
insomuch
that
Iohn
de
Padilla
could
not
speak
to
them
,
if
hee
would
have
said
any
thing
,
they
kept
so
horrid
a
nois
,
saying
,
Hee
should
bee
their
General
,
and
no
other
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
and
the
Bishop
,
seeing
this
fond
madness
of
the
people
,
withdrew
themselvs
into
a
hous
,
out
of
a
window
,
whereof
Iohn
de
Padilla
spake
to
them
in
this
manner
;
Wee
will
have
none
but
John
de
Padilla
,
and
the
Bishop
.
Thus
they
continued
for
the
space
of
a
long
hour
,
and
more
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
entreating
them
to
give
their
consents
,
that
Don
Pedro
Lasso
might
execute
that
office
,
for
nevertheless
hee
should
bee
readie
to
spend
his
father's
and
his
own
estate
,
besides
the
ventring
of
his
life
in
that
Holie
Caus
,
for
the
service
of
the
Commonaltie
.
But
no
reason
would
stop
their
mouths
,
they
still
continued
crying
,
hee
and
non
els
should
bee
their
Captain
.
Which
obstinacie
of
the
people
,
beeing
reported
to
those
of
the
Iunta
,
they
Voted
Iohn
de
Padilla
Captain
General
of
●ll
their
forces
.
From
that
daie
forwards
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso
began
to
relinquish
the
Commonaltie
,
and
divers
of
his
friends
did
the
like
,
seeing
how
blind
and
void
of
reason
the
people
were
,
and
how
much
prejudice
they
did
themselvs
,
in
following
a
people
so
overswaied
with
passion
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
them
too
but
men
of
mean
and
obscure
extraction
.
SECT.
XXXV
.
FOwer
hundred
Lanciers
of
the
choisest
men
of
those
that
c●me
from
the
conquest
of
the
Gelves
mutined
and
would
have
gon
awaie
becaus
they
did
not
receiv
the
paie
,
which
was
promised
them
from
Valladolid
,
and
they
demanded
moreover
paiement
of
their
arreares
ever
since
the
death
of
the
King
Don
Fernando
,
which
amounting
to
fortie
Duckets
a
man
at
least
made
the
summe
of
eight
thousand
Duckets
.
The
Citie
not
having
monie
to
satisfie
their
demands
,
yet
loth
to
let
them
go
,
becaus
they
were
stout
,
well
disciplined
souldiers
,
and
wel
armed
,
caused
all
their
Gates
to
bee
shut
,
whilest
they
went
to
procur●
them
monie
.
In
the
first
place
they
searched
the
Cloister
of
the
Benedictans
,
where
they
found
six
thousand
Duckets
,
which
som
particular
persons
had
deposited
there
,
thinking
it
more
secure
then
in
their
own
hands
.
Valladolid's
Letter
to
the
Cavaliers
.
Illustrious
Sirs
!
WEe
received
a
Letter
from
you
,
whereby
any
man
of
the
least
judgment
or
understanding
may
plainly
see
,
that
your
actions
do
absolu●ely
contradict
what
you
express
in
words
.
And
for
a
further
manifestation
,
that
the
peace
which
you
publish
is
directly
opposite
to
your
actual
proceedings
;
you
have
introduced
an
abominable
War
in
these
Kingdoms
,
under
the
notion
of
obedience
to
their
Majesties
,
battering
and
forcing
the
place
where
the
Queen
resid●d
,
seizing
on
,
and
imprisoning
●er
servants
,
and
the
Commissioners
of
the
Kingdom
,
permitting
her
Court
to
bee
ransack't
,
the
Churches
to
bee
robb'd
,
women
violated
,
the
high-waies
stopped
,
the
Iustice
of
the
Kingdom
(
which
was
the
Chancerie
)
to
bee
taken
away
,
and
other
horrid
things
,
which
never
were
seen
or
heard
of
before
;
whereby
experience
sheweth
us
,
that
the
offers
of
Peace
,
which
you
have
and
do
make
us
,
are
onely
forms
,
and
a
policie
to
wearie
out
,
divide
and
procure
the
utter
destruction
of
the
King●om
.
Beeing
sore
aggrieved
at
,
and
for
the
disservices
,
dammages
,
and
troubles
which
our
Sov●reign
Lord
the
King
,
&
his
Kingdoms
have
,
and
do
daily
suffer
,
and
s●eing
that
with
this
dissembled
Peace
which
you
cunningly
publish
,
may
bee
brought
to
ruine
and
perdition
,
wee
are
in
the
minde
to
persevere
in
that
which
wee
have
begun
,
and
maintein
the
name
of
faithful
and
loial
subjects
,
in
discharging
our
duties
to
our
Sovereigns
,
and
in
executing
what
wee
are
obliged
to
perform
to
our
selvs
,
and
our
Countrie
;
not
forgetting
what
's
past
,
wee
suffer
with
chearfulness
all
these
troubles
and
afflictions
,
which
are
worthie
of
acknowledgment
before
God
,
and
his
Majestie
,
our
Sovereign
,
since
they
pass
as
obligations
which
wee
owe
them
.
Wee
hope
hence
●orwards
,
that
all
the
oppressions
and
waies
which
you
have
used
to
divert
and
withdraw
us
from
this
holie
purpose
,
shall
not
weaken
or
dis
hearten
us
,
but
rather
strengthen
and
encourage
us
the
more
to
resist
and
fight
against
all
those
that
hav●
been
the
causers
,
and
so
detestable
initiators
of
the
miseries
of
these
Kingdoms
.
●●d
we
trust
in
God
that
●e
wil
speedily
shew
som
heavie
judgment
upon
the
●●●●ntors
of
such
pervers
actions
,
that
they
may
alone
suffer
the
punishment
of
●heir
crimes
,
not
wee
,
nor
those
of
the
holie
Junta
;
for
whosoever
will
seriously
and
judiciously
consider
it
,
shall
see
,
that
there
is
no
fear
of
blame
▪
where
is
faithfulness
and
truth
,
neither
doth
passion
dare
to
presume
,
wher●
the
publick
good
is
preferred
before
the
particular
;
nor
ambition
,
wher●
men
without
consideration
of
either
honor
,
life
or
fort●nes
,
expose
thems●lvs
to
divers
hard
censures
and
obloquies
.
But
their
actions
rather
●mbolden
and
strengthen
them
to
continue
so
just
an
undertaking
,
the
obtei●ing
whereof
will
procure
us
the
perpetual
Peace
which
wee
desire
.
Yo●
know
,
Sirs
,
that
the
producer
of
Peace
is
War
;
if
our
forefathers
had
not
fought
and
spilt
their
blood
,
wee
should
never
have
enjoied
that
happ●●
Peace
which
wee
had
during
the
time
of
the
reign
of
King
Don
Fernando
,
and
Donia
Isabella
of
glorious
memorie
.
That
war
is
laudabl●
,
which
tend's
to
the
libertie
of
the
King
and
Kingdom
;
And
abominable
i●
that
Peace
,
whose
end
is
subjection
,
oppression
,
and
sl●verie
:
Therefo●●
our
purpose
and
intention
is
,
That
our
King
may
bee
free
,
enjoie
his
Kingdoms
as
our
Sovereign
Lord
,
not
subject
nor
over
swaied
by
any
evil
favorites
,
nor
fals
or
cheating
Counsels
.
That
his
Revenues
and
Roial
Patrimonie
may
not
bee
usurped
,
or
lavishly
wasted
,
but
preserved
,
or
usefully
expended
for
the
good
of
his
Kingdoms
,
to
the
end
hee
may
bee
beloved
,
obeied
,
and
faithfully
served
.
And
out
of
this
love
,
obedience
,
and
respect
,
wee
wish
,
desire
,
and
humbly
beseech
his
Majestie
to
seek
a
remedie
for
his
Roial
Crown
,
and
his
Kingdoms
;
that
,
under
God
,
hee
onely
may
bee
ou●
Lord
,
our
King
,
onely
mightie
,
onely
rich
,
his
own
and
our
onely
helper
an●
redressor
,
whom
onely
we
may
fear
,
serv
,
●onor
,
and
obeie
:
to
whom
onely
wee
may
asscribe
the
glorie
,
and
render
a
due
acknowledgment
for
our
publick
good
,
and
to
whom
onely
wee
may
address
our
complaints
and
grievan●●s
:
which
if
you
would
but
seriously
weigh
and
consider
,
you
would
not
so
condemn
and
oppose
our
holie
proceedings
,
nor
the
sacred
end
at
which
we●
aim
.
And
since
wee
cannot
accomplish
our
desire
in
a
peaceable
manner
,
it
is
but
reason
wee
should
endeavor
to
obtein
them
by
war
,
in
regard
it
is
just
and
holie
,
our
end
beeing
to
finde
everlasting
Peace
.
So
it
cannot
bee
said
that
the
Kingdom
is
caus
of
this
War
,
but
those
disturbers
,
who
hinder
us
from
enjoying
and
procuring
the
universal
good
,
which
wee
seek
after
;
for
which
they
must
render
a
strict
account
to
God
and
their
Majesties
,
besides
all
the
dammages
,
slaughters
,
extortions
,
and
other
grand
mischiefs
,
which
will
all
lie
upon
their
score
.
The
true
peace
is
,
that
〈◊〉
▪
and
the
other
Grandees
ceas
from
disturbing
or
hindering
the
universal
〈◊〉
,
which
wee
labor
with
all
our
force
and
might
to
procure
.
For
the
effecting
and
settling
of
which
Peace
,
the
Truce
which
your
Lordships
did
desire
was
very
requisite
,
if
your
Actions
had
been
answerable
to
your
Verbal
expressions
;
but
that
was
not
granted
you
,
becaus
it
was
demanded
onely
to
amuse
us
,
and
to
gain
time
to
your
selvs
;
and
if
it
were
not
so
,
neither
is
it
just
nor
reasonable
,
that
the
Kingdom
should
dis●band
t●eir
forces
,
which
have
cost
so
much
trouble
and
charge
the
raising
;
for
the
experience
of
former
passages
hath
taught
us
,
that
your
intent
is
to
cosen
and
overcom
us
with
such
formal
pretenses
.
But
wee
supplicate
and
require
you
,
to
give
the
Kingdom
leav
to
seek
and
finde
the
good
which
they
pretend
,
and
not
to
set
your
selvs
in
opposition
and
contradiction
of
our
intentions
;
for
our
drift
and
purpose
is
no
other
,
then
to
advance
our
holie
enterprise
,
and
repel
all
those
that
shall
withstand
us
.
of
whom
our
trust
in
God
is
,
that
●re
long
wee
shall
obtein
Victorie
.
To
whom
wee
make
our
heartie
praiers
,
that
hee
will
bee
pleased
to
enlighten
your
illustrious
understandings
with
the
true
knowledg
of
our
Caus.
SECT.
XXXVI
.
ALthough
the
Cavaliers
did
treat
of
an
Accommodation
,
yet
they
ceased
not
to
get
what
arms
,
and
assemble
what
forces
they
could
.
The
general
Letters
signed
by
the
Cardinal
,
Lord
Admiral
,
and
Earl
of
Haro
at
Tordesillas
,
with
the
date
in
blank
,
I
have
seen
in
the
Lord
High
Constable's
hands
,
with
divers
other
originals
.
They
demanded
of
Avila
eighteen
hundred
Foot
:
of
Cordova
,
one
thousand
:
of
the
Citie
of
Jaen
,
three
hundred
:
of
Trugillo
,
one
hundred
and
fiftie
Lances
,
and
two
hundred
Foot
:
of
Badajos
,
one
hundred
Foot
:
of
Baeca
,
two
hundred
Foot
:
of
Ecija
,
three
hundred
Foot
:
of
Ubeda
,
two
hundred
Foot
.
of
Xerez
,
one
hundred
and
fiftie
lances
.
of
Caceres
,
two
hundred
Foot
.
of
Anduxar
,
one
thousand
Foot
.
of
Ciudad-Real
,
one
hundred
and
twentie
Foot
.
of
Carmona
,
one
hundred
and
fiftie
Foot
.
of
the
Duke
of
Arcos
,
sixtie
lances
.
of
the
Earl
of
Vruen̄a
,
sixtie
cross-bow-men
on
hors-back
.
of
Don
Fernando
Enriquez
,
twentie
lances
.
of
the
Earl
of
Palma
,
twentie
lances
.
of
Don
Rodrigo
Mexia
,
twentie
lances
.
of
the
Marquis
of
Tarifa
,
fourscore
lances
.
of
the
Marquis
of
Comares
,
thirtie
lances
.
of
the
Earl
of
Ayamonte
,
thirtie
lances
.
of
the
Marquis
of
Villanueva
,
twentie
lances
.
of
the
Earl
of
Cabra
,
fiftie
lances
.
of
the
Duke
of
Medina
Sidonia
,
one
hundred
lances
.
All
these
men
they
desired
,
and
all
paied
for
three
months
,
promising
to
repaie
the
Souldiers
,
and
charges
of
levying
and
arming
them
out
of
his
Majestie
's
Revenue
.
At
the
same
time
,
the
Lord
high
Constable
used
the
like
diligence
to
rais
men
in
the
Mountains
,
saying
,
hi●
design
was
to
resist
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
and
the
other
Traitors
with
him
:
also
hee
used
means
to
intercept
the
Arms
which
were
coming
from
Guipuzcoa
to
the
Commoners
.
SECT.
XXXVII
.
THe
Commonalties
,
especially
Valladolid
,
were
much
displeased
that
those
of
the
Iunta
,
and
the
Commanders
of
the
Armie
did
so
prolong
the
War
,
for
alreadie
they
were
so
exhausted
,
that
they
found
themselvs
not
able
to
sustain
it
.
And
Valladolid
,
who
had
so
vast
a
charge
of
souldiers
to
maintain
,
and
suffered
exceedingly
,
by
the
continual
assaults
and
incursions
,
which
those
of
Simancas
made
into
their
Territories
,
was
more
sensible
of
the
smart
then
any
of
the
other
Cities
,
and
never
left
praying
and
threatning
in
publick
and
in
private
,
until
they
had
persuaded
or
forced
the
Captains
to
march
out
with
their
Armie
,
and
to
end
the
dispute
with
the
Cavaliers
in
on
battle
.
Upon
Saturdaie
night
of
the
first
week
in
Lent
the
17
of
February
1521.
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
with
the
greatest
privacie
that
might
bee
,
le●t
his
design
should
bee
discovered
,
marched
with
his
men
out
of
Valladolid
to
Zaratan
(
a
Village
within
a
league
of
the
Citie
)
where
hee
quartered
that
night
.
From
whence
hee
went
the
same
night
with
fourtie
hors
directly
to
Simancas
.
Beeing
arrived
at
the
Watch-Tower
,
which
was
upon
a
hill
a
little
above
the
Town
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
asked
the
fellow
which
kept
it
,
if
hee
had
perceived
any
thing
of
the
enemie
;
The
man
thinking
hee
had
been
som
of
their
Garrison
,
said
,
Yes
;
I
saw
a
great
number
of
men
march
from
Valladolid
to
Zaratan
,
which
make's
my
heartake
,
for
wee
have
but
a
few
left
in
Simancas
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
presently
laied
hands
on
him
,
and
carried
him
to
his
Quarters
,
where
having
secured
him
,
hee
returned
tow●rds
Simancas
,
by
the
waie
hee
lighted
upon
a
partie
of
their
hors
,
that
had
been
scouring
the
Countrie
,
those
hee
charged
and
chased
into
the
very
Town
,
after
which
hee
returned
to
Zaratan
,
with
a
great
prise
of
sheep
,
which
hee
took
from
them
.
Three
daies
after
this
,
came
more
men
out
of
Valladolid
with
the
Artilerie
of
Medina
.
Next
daie
after
them
,
marched
out
those
that
came
from
los
Gelves
,
who
were
quartered
in
Zaratan
,
Arroyo
,
and
other
places
about
Simancas
,
with
them
came
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
who
although
sick
,
would
not
staie
behind
the
Armie
,
saying
,
That
in
defence
of
the
liberties
of
the
Kingdom
,
dead
or
alive
,
sick
or
in
health
,
however
hee
would
follow
the
Camp
,
such
was
the
courage
and
animositie
of
a
Prelate
threescore
years
old
at
least
.
Besides
all
these
,
came
to
joyn
with
him
likewise
Iohn
Bravo
and
Francisco
Maldonado
,
with
all
their
forces
and
divers
hors-men
.
Some
daies
they
remained
in
Zaratan
,
pillaging
and
taking
what
they
could
from
those
of
Simancas
and
Torrelobaton
.
Some
daies
they
took
from
the
Inhabitants
of
the
enemie's
Quarters
1500
sheep
per
diem
,
and
though
it
was
Lent
,
their
Bishop
gave
them
leav
to
eat
flesh
,
so
they
wanted
for
no
good
cheer
.
Another
time
Iohn
de
Padilla
marched
out
of
his
Quarters
with
a
great
partie
of
hors
,
and
met
with
some
of
Simancas
and
Torrelobaton's
Garrisons
,
and
after
an
hot
skirmish
,
wherein
som
on
both
sides
were
killed
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
took
fiftie
Cavaliers
,
horses
and
arms
,
for
which
hee
might
have
had
great
sums
of
monie
,
if
hee
would
have
ransomed
them
,
but
hee
refused
it
.
SECT.
XXXVIII
.
IT
beeing
a
holie
time
(
in
Lent
)
and
the
War
dangerous
and
prejudicial
,
divers
good
Religious
men
interceded
for
an
Accomodation
of
these
differences
,
and
to
procure
an
absolute
Peace
,
if
possible
.
At
Aniago
(
a
Monasterie
of
the
Carthusians
,
upon
the
River
Duero
,
three
leagues
from
Valladolid
)
was
the
meeting
place
to
Treat
.
Those
of
the
Commonaltie
had
very
fair
and
advantagious
conditions
offered
them
,
but
their
heads
beeing
possessed
with
prejudice
,
and
their
hearts
infected
with
the
poisonous
vice
of
War
,
having
the
libertie
to
pillage
and
spoil
as
they
listed
,
SECT.
XXXIX
.
ON
Thursdaie
,
the
21
of
Februarie
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
marched
out
of
Zaratan
with
his
whole
Camp
(
which
consisted
of
seven
thousand
Foot
,
and
five
hundred
Lances
)
at
two
of
the
clock
after
midnight
,
going
very
silently
in
good
order
,
and
taking
Guides
along
with
them
to
shew
them
the
waie
to
Torrelobaton
,
in
the
very
Suburbs
whereof
hee
took
up
his
quarters
,
robbing
and
plundering
all
they
could
lay
hands
on
;
but
the
people
had
carried
all
their
best
goods
into
the
Town
,
which
was
very
strong
.
I●hn
de
Pa●●lla
besiegeth
Torrel●bation
.
The
next
daie
Iohn
de
Padilla
commanded
his
great
Ordnance
to
bee
planted
in
convenient
places
,
to
batter
●he
Town
,
which
hee
did
very
smartly
;
but
all
his
shots
were
to
little
purpose
,
for
the
rampires
were
extraordinarie
.
After
this
hee
gave
them
a
brisk
assault
,
with
great
clamors
of
men
,
and
bouncing
of
Guns
,
but
hee
got
nothing
by
that
,
for
the
besieged
defended
themselvs
with
much
resolution
.
In
this
Conflict
(
which
lasted
all
daie
)
were
divers
slain
and
hurt
,
but
the
most
part
were
of
Iohn
de
Padilla's
men
,
who
fought
at
disadvantage
,
having
no
defence
nor
rampires
to
shelter
them
;
so
that
seeing
the
great
loss
hee
received
,
and
the
little
good
hee
did
,
mos●
of
their
ladders
beeing
too
short
,
and
those
that
ventured
to
mount
up
,
were
either
knock'd
down
dead
,
or
shrewdly
wounded
,
hee
thought
it
his
best
waie
to
fall
off
,
and
sound
a
Retreat
;
so
the
combate
ceased
for
that
time
:
All
that
night
Iohn
de
Padilla
labored
to
entrench
himself
,
and
rais
a
batterie
in
another
place
,
that
hee
might
give
them
another
fresh
assault
the
next
daie
.
The
Lord
Admiral
,
and
the
others
at
Tordesillas
,
beeing
advertised
of
Iohn
de
Padilla's
beeing
advanced
to
Torrelabaton
,
sent
presently
to
draw
the
Garrisons
out
of
Simancas
,
and
Portillo
,
with
intent
to
reliev
Torrelobaton
,
if
possible
,
although
they
were
but
weak
in
Foot
,
and
the
enemie
had
great
store
,
and
very
good
.
First
they
sent
out
two
Troops
of
Hors
to
discover
the
order
and
strength
of
the
enemie's
Camp
,
with
whom
they
had
som
slight
skirmishes
.
This
daie
Iohn
de
Padilla
wasted
in
raising
a
new
batterie
,
and
planting
his
Artillerie
,
but
hee
found
that
p●rt
of
the
Town
no
less
strong
then
the
former
,
so
that
hee
could
do
no
execution
;
but
on
the
morrow
(
which
was
the
third
daie
of
his
beeing
there
)
hee
removed
his
Ordnance
to
another
part
of
the
wall
,
which
was
weaker
,
where
hee
made
som
breaches
,
which
those
of
Valladolid
and
Toledo
spying
,
ran
presently
hurrying
without
order
to
enter
;
the
dispute
continued
very
hot
a
great
while
;
but
the
Besieged
behaved
themselvs
so
gallantly
,
that
they
were
forced
to
retreat
with
no
smal
loss
.
The
same
daie
the
Earl
of
Haro
,
Captain
General
,
having
left
a
sufficient
Guard
in
Tordesillas
,
marched
out
to
face
the
enemie
,
with
a
matter
of
a
thousand
Lances
,
intending
to
give
the
Alarm
on
one
side
of
the
Town
,
whil'st
the
Governor
Don
Francisco
Ossorio
,
Lord
of
Valdonquillo
carried
in
a
fresh
suppli●
of
souldiers
on
the
other
.
Hee
desired
of
the
Lord
Admiral
that
they
might
bee
Horsmen
,
but
the
Earl
of
Haro
thought
that
not
so
convenient
,
hee
having
more
need
of
the
Cavalrie
for
the
field-battle
:
Beeing
com
within
sight
of
the
Town
in
the
Evening
,
they
staied
upon
the
top
of
a
hill
,
whence
the
Earl
sent
a
partie
of
his
Hors
to
skirmish
with
som
Arcabusiers
,
(
who
beeing
betwixt
the
besieged
,
and
the
mud-walls
,
stood
much
to
their
advantage
)
but
seeing
his
men
cruelly
galled
,
and
able
to
do
no
good
there
,
hee
commanded
they
should
retreat
to
the
bodie
,
which
was
still
upon
the
hill
expecting
Don
Francisco
Ossorio
to
put
in
execution
their
intended
design
:
but
whil'st
they
were
thus
staying
,
arrived
a
Gentleman
with
a
Letter
from
the
Lord
Admiral
,
to
the
Earl
of
Haro
,
saying
,
That
hee
might
return
again
,
for
hee
had
notice
since
,
that
there
was
no
such
need
of
putting
any
succor
into
Torrelobaton
,
for
there
was
already
strength
sufficient
to
defend
it
;
notwithstanding
this
countermand
,
divers
Gentlemen
offered
to
go
into
the
Town
;
but
it
could
not
bee
attempted
,
the
Lord
Admiral
having
forbidden
the
Ladders
to
bee
brought
,
which
were
agreed
upon
.
So
it
behoved
the
Earl
to
go
back
again
that
night
to
Tordesillas
,
without
bringing
his
purpose
to
effect
,
to
satisfie
the
Lord
Admiral
,
who
(
as
it
afterwards
proved
)
was
very
much
over-seen
therein
:
But
som
say
,
hee
was
angrie
becaus
the
Earl
of
Haro
did
not
follow
his
advice
in
the
prosecution
of
that
design
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
beeing
alarmed
by
these
thousand
Hors
,
and
finding
that
hee
had
not
force
enough
for
the
offensive
and
defensive
both
,
sent
presently
to
Valladolid
for
more
.
Upon
receipt
of
his
Letter
,
three
thousand
Foot
,
and
four
hundred
Hors
were
ordered
to
march
to
the
Armie
at
Torrelobaton
,
who
went
with
as
good
a
will
to
fight
,
as
if
they
had
gon
to
gain
the
Iubilee
.
On
Saturday
28
Febr.
they
arrived
in
the
suburbs
,
to
the
no
less
rejoicing
and
encouragement
of
the
Besiegers
,
then
the
dis-heartening
and
terror
of
the
Besieged
;
who
sent
to
the
Lord
Admiral
,
complaining
very
much
of
Valladolid
,
saying
,
That
onely
that
Citie
●id
them
all
the
mischief
.
Sunday
,
Munday
,
and
Tuesday
they
battered
incessantly
with
all
their
Ordnance
,
and
very
many
were
killed
on
both
sides
:
A
man
could
not
peep
above
the
wall
,
but
hee
had
presently
a
bullet
,
or
an
arrow
in
his
head
:
yet
the
Cavaliers
stood
out
manfully
;
but
beeing
not
above
four
hundred
Foot
,
and
som
few
Hors
,
they
were
not
able
to
defend
themselvs
,
and
w●thstand
the
continual
assaults
of
the
Enemie
,
having
no
intermission
nor
time
to
take
any
rest
,
besides
provisions
began
to
fail
them
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
having
raised
several
batteries
against
the
Town
,
at
last
one
of
them
made
a
breach
,
where
(
whil'st
the
besieged
were
defending
themselvs
in
another
part
of
the
Town
)
those
of
Valladolid
entred
with
their
Colors
;
they
sacked
the
Town
with
the
greatest
crueltie
in
the
world
:
they
killed
the
poor
laboring
men
,
becaus
they
could
not
give
them
what
they
demanded
,
spilled
all
their
Wines
,
breaking
the
tubs
in
pieces
;
they
plundered
the
Churches
,
stript
the
Altars
,
and
broke
open
the
Tombs
,
thinking
to
finde
som
hidden
treasure
therein
.
Finally
they
did
such
things
,
that
the
most
savage
bruits
,
who
have
not
the
use
of
reason
,
could
not
do
wors
,
respecting
neither
humane
things
nor
divine
.
Next
daie
beeing
Wednesdaie
,
they
fell
to
battering
of
the
Tower
,
which
defended
it self
stoutly
,
but
beeing
full
of
women
and
children
that
had
retired
themselvs
thither
for
securitie
(
who
feeling
it
shake
at
everie
shot
that
hit
it
)
cried
out
,
fearing
it
would
fall
upon
their
heads
,
and
having
nothing
to
eat
,
it
was
surrendered
upon
condition
to
secure
all
their
lives
,
John
de
Padilla
take'●
Torreloba●o●
and
the
Tower
.
and
half
their
goods
.
Thus
Iohn
d●
Padilla
took
Torrelobaton
,
which
was
no
inconsiderable
piece
of
service
▪
Hereby
hee
gained
himself
much
reputation
amongst
the
Common-people
,
it
beeing
but
three
leagues
from
Tordesillas
,
where
the
Governors
,
with
all
their
forces
,
were
.
The
Towns
which
stood
for
the
Commonaltie
,
made
great
shews
of
rejoicing
for
this
Victorie
.
The
Lord
Admiral
,
and
those
that
were
with
him
,
were
cruelly
netled
hereat
,
and
beeing
vexed
more
for
their
honor's
sake
,
then
for
the
importance
of
the
place
,
they
resolved
to
bee
revenged
.
So
they
gave
notice
forthwith
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
of
all
passages
,
who
commanded
immediately
four
thousand
men
(
which
hee
had
ready
)
with
four
pieces
of
Ordnance
,
to
march
by
the
waie
of
Palencia
to
Tordesillas
,
whereof
Don
Iohn
de
Mendoça
having
intelligence
,
sallied
out
of
Valladolid
with
above
four
thousand
Foo●
,
and
stopt
their
passage
.
T●e
Cavaliers
seeing
they
could
get
no
succor
that
waie
,
nor
having
men
enough
in
Tordesillas
to
encounter
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
who
was
very
strong
,
besides
all
the
Cities
beeing
their
enemies
,
they
sent
to
demand
a
Truce
for
eight
daies
of
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
which
although
he
,
and
som
of
the
Commissioners
that
were
with
him
,
were
not
unwilling
to
grant
,
yet
they
durst
not
,
without
consulting
with
Valladolid
;
for
in
regard
they
stood
in
great
need
of
that
Citie
,
and
were
very
much
favored
and
assisted
by
them
,
they
bare
them
a
singular
respect
,
and
would
determine
nothing
without
their
privitie
.
This
was
communicated
to
all
the
people
of
Valladolid
,
and
discussed
;
at
length
they
all
agreed
to
return
this
answer
,
That
they
should
by
no
means
grant
them
any
truce
,
no
,
not
for
one
hour
,
but
proceed
against
them
with
all
manner
of
rigor
;
for
it
was
most
certain
,
that
they
demanded
a
Truce
for
nothing
els
,
but
meerly
to
recruit
themselvs
of
men
and
provisions
,
to
the
prejudice
of
the
Commonaltie
;
and
if
they
did
grant
them
eight
or
fifteen
daies
libertie
,
by
the
ancient
law
of
the
Kingdom
they
might
renew
their
Cessation
still
to
ninetie
and
six
daies
,
and
so
from
ninetie
six
to
ninetie
six
,
until
the
year
were
out
;
by
which
procrastinations
,
the
Commonalties
would
bee
destroied
and
ruined
,
and
the
people
lose
their
courage
and
good
zeal
,
which
at
present
did
animate
them
to
defend
their
Liberties
:
yet
notwithstanding
Valladolid
sent
this
answer
,
the
Commissioners
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
Commanders
of
the
Armie
did
grant
the
Truce
for
eight
daies
,
from
Sunday
to
Sundaie
.
SECT.
XXXIX
.
THis
Cessation
was
demanded
after
the
taking
of
Torrelobaton
,
although
that
much
displeased
the
Lord
Admiral
,
and
Fray
Francisco
de
los
Angeles
went
to
Valladolid
,
in
his
and
the
Cardinal's
name
,
to
treat
thereof
,
whom
Alonso
de
Vera
a
bridler
and
one
of
the
worshipful
Citie
officers
,
meeting
at
the
Gate
del
Campo
,
treated
very
uncivilly
,
and
would
not
suffer
to
enter
into
the
Citie
.
After
this
,
Alonso
de
Ortiz
,
with
danger
enough
of
his
life
,
ventured
to
return
thither
,
with
Letters
of
credence
to
treat
about
the
same
business
.
Who
beeing
entred
into
the
Citie
,
communicated
his
errand
to
Don
Pedro
de
Ayala
,
and
Don
Hernando
de
Ulloa
,
(
whom
hee
found
died
in
grain
for
his
purpose
)
and
forth
with
they
gave
order
,
that
the
Iunta
should
assemble
to
hear
the
message
that
Alonso
de
Ortiz
brought
from
Tordesillas
.
Which
beeing
heard
,
and
the
Articles
and
conditions
of
the
Truce
being
almost
concluded
,
and
the
time
for
the
continuance
thereof
limited
;
it
chanced
that
Fray
Pablo
and
Sancho
Zimbron
(
who
●arried
the
Articles
of
the
Kingdom
into
Flanders
,
to
get
them
granted
and
au●horized
by
his
Majestie
,
as
hath
been
alreadie
mentioned
)
arrived
at
Valladolid
:
And
hearing
that
they
were
about
a
Treatie
of
Cessation
of
Arms
,
Fray
Pablo
presently
sent
notice
of
his
arrival
to
the
Iunta
,
desiring
them
that
they
would
not
conclude
of
either
Peace
,
or
War
,
or
Truce
;
until
hee
came
to
give
them
an
account
of
the
employment
,
upon
which
they
had
sent
him
into
Flanders
.
Hereupon
that
business
was
suspended
until
the
evening
:
And
then
the
Commissioners
of
the
Kingdom
beeing
set
againe
,
Fray
Pablo
came
and
gave
them
an
account
of
his
journie
,
and
what
hee
had
done
.
Amongst
other
relations
,
hee
told
them
,
that
when
hee
came
into
Flanders
,
the
Emperor
was
gon
into
Germanie
,
whither
hee
and
Sancho
Zimbron
intended
to
follow
him
;
but
by
the
waie
hee
was
informed
that
his
Majestie
had
given
order
(
if
they
came
into
Germanie
)
to
have
them
hanged
;
Whereupon
they
went
no
further
.
Moreover
,
that
hee
knew
that
his
Majestie
was
so
displeased
with
those
Articles
,
and
so
incensed
against
those
that
had
a●y
hand
in
the
making
of
them
,
or
in
raising
those
Commotions
in
the
Kingdom
,
that
at
his
return
into
Spain
,
they
should
bee
all
severely
punished
,
notwithstanding
any
engagement
or
promises
the
Governors
had
made
to
the
contrarie
in
his
name
.
This
information
the
Frier
gave
the
Commissioners
of
the
Kingdoms
,
besides
divers
other
particulars
,
which
are
too
tedious
to
relate
.
In
conclusion
,
hee
told
them
that
his
advice
was
,
that
they
should
contract
neither
Peace
nor
Truce
with
the
Grandees
,
but
stand
firm
and
unanimously
persevere
in
their
former
resolution
.
So
that
if
his
Majestie
would
com
again
into
their
Kingdom
,
〈◊〉
might
bee
through
their
means
,
Fray
Pablo
,
the
Commissioners
commanded
Ortiz
to
continue
the
Treatie
.
After
all
this
,
it
hapned
that
the
Frier
sitting
next
to
Ortiz
,
and
taking
him
to
bee
a
Commissioner
of
som
Citie
,
that
was
com
to
the
Iunta
since
his
departure
,
hee
began
to
repeat
som
thing
of
his
discours
to
the
other
Commissioners
,
but
chiefly
harped
upon
the
Emperor's
intent
to
punish
the
Commoners
,
notwithstanding
any
pardon
the
Governors
should
promise
them
in
his
behalf
.
Whereupon
,
not
well
brooking
his
speeches
,
Ortiz
asked
him
how
hee
knew
the
Emperor
had
any
such
thought
:
Hee
answered
hee
was
told
so
.
Then
Ortiz
could
hold
no
longer
,
but
with
a
voice
that
might
bee
heard
by
all
in
the
room
,
said
,
That
hee
wondred
that
a
man
of
his
coat
and
gravitie
,
beeing
a
Doctor
of
Divinitie
,
who
ought
to
give
good
example
,
should
positively
saie
a
thing
of
such
importance
(
as
that
which
hee
had
verified
to
those
Gentlemen
in
these
words
,
(
That
notwithstanding
any
pardon
the
Gavernors
should
grant
,
confirmed
by
his
Majestie
,
those
who
had
raised
the
Commotions
in
the
Kingdom
,
his
Majestie
would
punish
at
his
return
,
as
if
they
had
been
taken
in
the
fact
)
upon
no
other
certaintie
,
but
onely
hear-saie
;
In
regard
those
words
were
enough
to
disturb
and
hinder
the
conclusion
of
the
Truce
,
which
might
produce
a
Peace
,
and
those
of
his
dignitie
and
profession
ought
rather
to
endeavour
to
make
Peace
,
when
other
hopes
failed
,
then
to
hinder
and
obstruct
the
means
of
procuring
it
.
The
Frier
hearing
this
,
was
very
wrath
,
and
asked
who
hee
was
;
It
beeing
told
him
that
Ortiz
was
the
man
that
sollicited
for
the
Truce
in
behalf
of
the
Cavaliers
,
hee
stole
out
of
the
Iunta
.
Ortiz
staied
still
,
treating
with
the
Commissioners
about
the
conditions
of
the
Truce
.
In
mean
time
Fray
Pablo
went
to
som
of
the
Citie
,
telling
them
that
they
had
suffered
a
Traitor
to
com
in
amongst
them
,
whom
the
Grandees
had
sent
under
the
notion
of
treating
a
Truce
,
to
espie
what
was
done
in
the
Citie
,
and
to
sound
the
People's
inclinations
:
That
in
his
opinion
they
ought
to
turn
him
out
of
the
Citie
,
or
apprehend
him
,
and
make
him
confess
the
principal
caus
of
his
coming
thither
.
Presently
the
Commoners
,
in
whose
heads
hee
had
buzz'd
these
things
,
went
along
with
him
to
the
Iunta
,
all
armed
,
and
boldly
rushed
into
the
Chamber
where
they
sate
,
asking
them
very
peremptorily
,
why
they
suffered
a
Traitor
to
com
into
the
Citie
,
to
spie
and
make
advantage
of
their
proceedings
;
requiring
the
Commissioners
forthwith
to
discharge
him
the
Ci●ie
,
otherwise
they
would
apprehend
him
and
make
him
give
them
an
account
of
his
business
there
;
Other
high
language
and
threatnings
they
used
,
which
put
Ortiz
in
a
bodily
fear
.
The
Co●missioners
with
smooth
and
flattering
words
pacified
them
in
such
sort
,
that
they
went
quietly
awaie
.
Which
done
,
Ortiz
thus
spake
unto
them
,
Gentlemen
,
If
becaus
I
came
hither
upon
your
words
and
assurance
to
treat
of
the
Truce
,
this
stir
and
combustion
hath
been
rais●d
,
rather
then
the
people
shall
turn
mee
out
of
the
Citie
,
I
will
depart
:
But
if
you
pleas
to
treat
further
of
the
business
,
for
which
I
have
undertaken
this
journie
,
and
will
promiss
as
you
are
Gentlemen
to
secure
and
defend
mee
,
notwithstanding
their
menaces
,
I
will
staie
until
all
bee
concluded
.
Those
of
the
Junta
answered
,
that
they
were
contented
,
and
gave
him
their
words
,
upon
the
faith
of
Gentlemen
,
to
defend
him
.
So
the
Treatie
went
on
,
and
they
stirr'd
not
from
the
place
until
the
conditions
were
all
concluded
,
Alonso
Ortiz
obtain's
a
Truce
f●om
those
of
the
Junt●
with
the
Cavaliers
.
whereof
a
Copie
was
given
to
Ortiz
,
inclosed
with
the
Conditions
and
Articles
,
besides
a
particular
dispatch
from
the
Iunta
general
,
and
the
particular
Iunta
of
Valladolid
to
their
Captains
,
then
beeing
at
Torrelobaton
,
giving
them
to
understand
,
that
they
had
agreed
unto
that
Truce
,
and
commanding
them
to
obeie
it
,
and
caus
it
to
bee
proclaimed
in
their
Armie
,
verbatim
as
it
was
there
written
.
With
these
dispatches
departed
Ortiz
post
from
Valladolid
,
after
eleven
of
the
Clock
in
the
night
,
and
arrived
at
Torrelobaton
about
one
;
where
hee
found
neither
in
the
Camp
,
nor
in
the
Town
,
any
Guard
;
so
hee
entred
into
the
Suburbs
with
his
servants
,
where
two
thousand
men
laie
fast
asleep
about
their
fires
,
so
careless
,
that
two
hundred
men
,
falling
upon
them
at
that
time
,
had
been
enough
to
have
destroied
the
whole
Armie
.
Ortiz
lost
no
time
,
but
forthwith
hee
notified
to
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
and
other
Commanders
,
the
Orders
for
the
Truce
.
That
same
night
,
and
next
morning
,
they
all
assembled
,
and
although
there
were
som
dissenting
opinions
amongst
them
,
and
difficulties
of
either
accepting
or
keeping
it
,
especially
beeing
contradicted
highly
by
Diego
de
Guzman
,
Commissioner
of
Salamanca
,
who
,
by
command
of
the
Iunta
,
came
into
the
Armie
,
under
notion
of
beeing
the
General
's
overseer
.
At
length
the
Truce
was
accepted
and
proclaimed
in
the
Armie
;
John
de
Padilla's
Armie
.
whereof
Ortiz
taking
certificate
,
departed
presently
for
Tordesillas
,
where
hee
was
joifully
received
by
the
Lord
Admiral
and
the
Cardinal
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Grandees
,
who
all
were
very
glad
of
that
Truce
,
as
thinking
it
the
precursor
of
the
so
generally
desired
Peace
.
The
same
night
being
assembled
in
the
Cardinal's
Chamber
,
the
Lord
Admiral
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
the
Marquis
of
Astorga
,
the
Earl
of
Miranda
,
the
Earl
of
Alva
de
Lista
,
the
Earl
of
Villarrambla
,
the
Earl
of
Cifuentes
,
and
divers
other
private
Gentlemen
,
besides
Iuan
Rodriquez
Mausino
,
Embassador
from
the
King
of
Portugal
,
El
Licenciado
Polanca
of
the
Council
,
and
Pedro
de
Camaceli
Secretarie
;
Before
them
all
Ortiz
related
the
troubles
which
hee
had
gon
through
,
and
produced
the
Dispatches
which
hee
brought
concerning
the
Truce
,
wherein
those
of
the
Junta
said
,
That
they
were
contented
to
condescend
to
the
Truce
,
which
was
desired
in
the
behalf
of
the
Governors
of
the
Kingdom
,
in
order
to
the
service
of
God
,
and
becaus
the
King
of
Portugal
had
so
commanded
it
:
The
Nobles
were
much
distasted
hereat
,
saying
,
They
would
not
consent
to
the
Truce
upon
such
terms
;
SECT.
XL.
DOn
Pedro
Lasso
,
and
Alonso
de
Guadalaxara
〈◊〉
●●●sioner
of
Segovia
,
were
all
this
time
at
the
Mo●●●●●
〈…〉
Dominicans
,
without
Tordesillas
,
treating
of
Peace
●●th
the
●●●dinal
and
Lord
Admiral
.
But
upon
the
taking
and
sacking
of
Torrelobaton
,
the
Lord
Admiral
beeing
very
much
displeased
,
the
Treatie
was
broken
off
for
a
while
;
yet
out
of
the
great
desire
hee
had
to
see
the
Kingdom
settled
,
hee
fell
to
treat
again
of
the
Peace
.
And
beeing
agreed
upon
som
Articles
,
it
was
the
general
opinion
of
them
,
that
the
Cessation
would
conduce
much
to
the
conclusion
of
the
rest
;
for
the
better
and
more
speedy
effecting
whereof
,
divers
Prelates
and
good
Religious
men
came
from
several
parts
to
ass●●t
at
the
Treatie
.
The
Governors
and
Noblemen
condescended
to
the
greatest
part
,
and
most
important
of
the
Articles
,
which
the
Commonalties
desired
,
and
the
Peace
was
in
a
fair
waie
of
beeing
concluded
;
but
the
Commoners
were
so
mistrustful
,
that
they
could
not
agree
about
the
securitie
:
the
Governors
and
Grandees
offered
to
oblige
their
persons
and
estates
to
procure
the
Emperor's
approbation
and
confirmation
of
their
agreement
with
the
people
,
besides
other
very
fair
propositions
which
the
King
of
Portugal's
Embassador
did
much
incite
the
Commoners
to
accept
:
But
they
would
have
the
Grandees
engage
themselvs
to
demand
it
by
force
of
arms
,
in
case
the
Emperor
should
denie
to
ratifie
their
conditions
and
promises
to
the
people
,
delivering
them
som
principal
persons
as
hostages
,
and
certain
Forts
(
then
in
their
hands
)
as
pledges
of
their
performance
thereof
.
Insomuch
that
t●eir
standing
upon
such
terms
,
destroied
absolutely
all
hopes
and
probabilitie
of
Peace
.
Yet
hoping
that
time
might
produce
som
better
effect
,
it
was
resolved
before
the
Truce
was
fully
expired
,
to
procure
a
Prorogation
or
a
renewing
of
it
;
to
which
effect
the
Embassador
of
Portugal
,
and
Don
Pedro
Lasso
,
taking
som
grave
Religious
men
with
them
,
the
last
daie
of
the
Truce
went
to
Torrelobaton
,
and
gave
John
de
Padilla
,
and
the
other
Captains
,
an
account
of
all
passages
;
who
,
whether
not
willing
,
or
not
having
the
power
to
grant
their
desires
,
agreed
(
although
the
Truce
was
out
)
to
go
to
Zaratan
;
where
those
of
the
Junta
assembled
to
treat
thereupon
.
But
they
were
so
high
,
and
fearing
thereby
to
lose
their
great
Offices
,
especially
the
Commanders
of
the
Armie
,
that
they
could
agree
upon
neither
Peace
nor
Truce
,
although
som
of
the
Iunta
did
give
their
Votes
for
it
,
whereof
Don
Pedro
Lasso
de
la
Vega
was
the
leading
man
,
who
from
that
time
forwards
left
them
,
withdrawing
himself
from
that
Assemblie
,
and
went
to
the
Governors
at
Tordesillas
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
lost
a
good
part
of
his
Armie
;
for
those
souldiers
,
who
had
gotten
monie
,
or
any
good
plunder
at
the
sacking
of
Torrelobaton
,
the
passages
beeing
free
and
secure
during
the
Truce
,
went
home
to
their
own
dwellings
;
the
like
did
divers
of
the
Hors
of
the
antient
Guards
of
the
Kingdom
,
becaus
they
were
not
paied
.
After
this
there
was
another
Assemblie
at
Bamba
,
whither
Iohn
de
Padilla
was
sent
for
,
who
beeing
com
,
they
all
agreed
to
sit
at
Zaratan
.
Thither
repaired
divers
from
Valladolid
on
hors-back
and
on
foot
,
to
small
purpose
:
The
Grandees
demanded
Truce
for
eight
daies
more
,
or
for
three
;
but
the
Commoners
would
by
no
means
give
consent
thereunto
,
alleging
that
they
would
deceiv
them
:
then
they
went
to
dinner
,
but
beeing
ready
to
sit
down
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
had
notice
,
that
they
had
a
design
to
murther
him
,
whereupon
,
without
staying
to
eat
or
drink
,
away
went
hee
to
Torrelobaton
,
and
the
rest
to
Tordesillas
.
SECT.
XLI
.
BY
this
time
Don
Antonio
de
Zun̄iga
had
on
foot
a
complete
Armie
in
the
Kingdom
of
Toledo
,
in
favor
of
his
Majesties
loial
servants
,
and
to
reduce
Ocan̄a
,
which
with
other
places
of
the
Maestrazgo
of
Santjago
was
risen
up
in
Arms
:
and
beeing
at
Almaguer
,
the
Gardian
of
St
Iuan
de
los
Reyes
of
Toledo
came
to
him
with
certain
admonitions
and
treaties
from
that
Citie
,
and
Commonaltie
thereof
,
insomuch
that
there
was
a
kinde
of
Truce
betwixt
them
,
and
probabilities
of
a
peaceable
accommodation
:
but
it
fell
out
otherwise
,
and
their
difference
grew
to
an
open
War
,
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
beeing
made
Captain
for
Ocan̄a
,
and
other
revolted
places
,
against
Don
Antoni
.
SECT.
XLII
.
IN
some
papers
which
I
have
seen
Originals
of
Fray
Antonio
de
Guevaua
,
Chronicler
to
his
Imperial
Majestie
,
concerning
the
Commonalties
,
Hee
mention's
that
the
Town
of
Duen̄as
likewise
rose
up
in
Arms
,
and
misdemeaned
themselvs
exceedingly
towards
the
Earl
and
Countess
of
Buendia
,
who
making
resistance
against
their
furie
,
the
people
sent
to
desire
succor
from
those
of
the
Junta
.
And
hee
saie's
that
those
of
the
Junta
and
the
Commoners
also
did
seem
to
bee
sorrie
that
those
of
Duen̄as
had
desobliged
the
Earl
,
becaus
neither
hee
nor
his
Ladie
had
expressed
any
disaffection
to
the
Commonalties
,
and
that
of
secret
friends
their
miscarriage
had
now
made
them
open
enemies
.
Yet
seeing
that
it
was
of
no
small
concernment
to
have
the
Town
of
Duen̄as
at
their
Devotion
,
the
succor
which
they
demanded
,
was
forthwith
sent
them
from
Valladolid
,
to
wit
,
seven
hundred
Foot
,
Pikemen
,
Muskettiers
,
and
Cross-bow-men
,
and
all
paid
for
a
certain
time
.
For
which
they
returned
thanks
in
a
Letter
to
Valladolid
,
wherein
they
made
large
expressions
and
protestations
of
their
firm
resolution
to
serv
the
Emperor
,
and
the
Commonaltie
,
with
divers
other
things
.
SECT.
XLIII
.
THe
27th
of
March
1521.
Both
the
Armies
were
in
ill
condition
enough
,
and
neither
of
them
could
boast
of
much
advantage
over
the
other
,
according
to
the
information
which
Don
Pedro
Luxan
Commendador
Mayor
of
Castilla
beeing
in
Simancas
,
did
give
the
Emperor
;
saying
,
That
in
that
Garrison
they
stood
in
want
of
men
;
That
John
de
Padilla
with
the
other
Captains
for
the
Commonaltie
had
taken
Torrelobaton
;
That
from
Tordesillas
and
other
places
thereabout
,
his
Foot
had
received
some
prejudice
.
That
divers
of
his
men
had
left
the
Camp
,
as
is
usual
when
an
Armie
lie's
still
without
action
.
That
the
like
was
done
by
the
Foot
in
the
Loyal
Armie
also
,
but
of
hors
they
had
a
sufficient
quantitie
.
That
the
Armie
remaining
in
Torrelobaton
,
was
reported
not
to
exceed
two
thousand
Foot
,
and
three
hundred
hor●
.
That
Iohn
de
Padilla
and
those
with
him
were
upon
their
departure
thence
,
having
a
great
desire
to
com
to
Simancas
,
where
they
presumed
at
least
a
thousand
more
would
com
to
them
from
Valladolid
,
out
of
revenge
and
hatred
to
those
of
that
Garrison
,
and
to
secure
themselvs
from
any
further
dammage
.
That
monie
began
to
grow
scarce
amongst
the
Commoners
,
and
that
their
souldiers
were
ill
paid
.
That
the
same
diseas
was
amongst
the
Cavaliers
,
yet
they
had
somwhat
salved
that
sore
by
the
sale
of
those
Noblemen's
and
Gentlemen's
plate
that
were
in
Tordesillas
,
wherewith
they
had
procured
monie
to
give
one
months
paie
to
the
Foot
,
and
two
to
the
hors
viz.
March
and
April
,
(
By
which
time
the
Emperor
had
written
that
hee
would
bee
back
in
Flanders
and
readie
to
take
shipping
for
Spain
.
)
And
that
those
old
souldiers
which
came
from
los
Gelves
,
came
every
daie
,
by
two
and
three
at
a
time
,
into
the
Cavaliers
Armie
,
and
gave
out
that
the
rest
would
all
go
neer
to
follow
them
.
Finis
Libri
Quinti
.
THE
CIVIL
WARS
OF
SPAIN
.
THE
SIXTH
BOOK
.
SECT.
I.
THe
passions
seated
in
the
Souls
of
men
are
in
effect
not
unlike
to
the
recoverie
of
a
bodie
out
of
some
desperate
sickness
:
For
any
the
least
excess
cast's
the
affected
Partie
into
a
relapse
,
and
by
an
untimely
precipitation
hurrieth
him
into
the
Sepulchre
.
The
Cavaliers
and
the
Commoners
did
not
treat
with
that
realtie
as
they
ought
:
Some
made
a
fair
shew
,
and
seemed
to
desire
a
Peace
,
though
they
were
best
contented
with
the
War
,
for
divers
particular
interests
which
they
did
receiv
thereby
.
Others
dissembled
(
though
not
altogether
)
and
the
most
part
of
those
(
which
were
called
Commoners
)
were
prepossessed
with
a
diffident
and
distrustful
humor
,
holding
for
uncertain
and
onely
pretences
,
all
the
conditions
that
were
offred
them
on
the
behalf
of
his
Majestie
and
the
Cavaliers
.
Whilest
they
were
in
a
treatie
during
the
eight
daies
of
Truce
,
two
things
hapned
which
destroyed
all
the
Impostume
or
poison
wherewith
their
hearts
were
swoln
,
bursting
out
into
the
disorders
which
in
this
Book
shall
bee
related
,
and
shall
conclude
this
deplorable
Historie
.
Insomuch
that
the
clouds
,
which
hung
over
Castilla
,
Francisco
de
Mercado
,
Corregidor
of
Medina
del
Campo
,
with
twentie
hors
(
which
in
those
daies
were
called
Esquiers
)
and
other
persons
,
who
by
command
of
the
Iunta
were
coming
to
Valladolid
,
at
the
pass
over
the
River
Duero
(
which
is
two
leagues
from
Valladolid
and
one
from
Simancas
)
they
were
encountred
by
a
partie
of
one
hundred
and
fiftie
light-hors
of
the
Earl
of
On̄ate's
,
who
were
going
to
seek
adventures
:
Four
of
those
of
Medina
were
killed
upon
the
place
;
Francisco
de
Mercado
,
the
Master
of
the
Ordnance
,
and
two
more
were
taken
prisoners
,
and
carried
to
Simancas
.
Notice
hereof
beeing
given
at
Valladolid
,
they
sent
out
a
strong
partie
to
rescue
them
but
it
was
too
late
;
and
the
Corregidor
of
Medina
(
who
was
immediatly
released
again
)
hindred
them
somwhat
,
for
meeting
with
them
hee
told
them
,
They
might
go
back
again
,
for
the
business
was
nothing
;
But
afterwards
knowing
the
truth
of
the
storie
,
they
apprehended
the
Corregidor
of
Medina
for
a
suspicious
person
,
laying
to
his
charge
the
loss
of
those
men
,
and
would
have
executed
him
presently
,
but
upon
more
serious
consideration
they
held
it
best
to
dissemble
and
forbear
a
while
,
lest
they
should
thereby
indanger
the
lives
of
those
that
were
prisoners
at
Simancas
.
So
they
sent
first
to
demand
them
,
making
great
complaints
,
that
during
the
Truce
they
should
commit
such
acts
of
hostilitie
,
and
break
their
words
with
them
:
But
they
found
no
amends
.
SECT.
II.
THat
which
chiefly
incensed
the
mindes
of
all
the
Commonaltie
was
,
that
before
the
time
of
the
Truce
was
exspired
,
there
was
set
up
(
they
knew
not
by
whom
)
in
the
market
place
of
Valladolid
,
a
Proclamation
made
and
signed
by
the
Governors
of
the
Kingdom
,
wherein
they
named
divers
Citizens
of
Valladolid
,
Toledo
,
Salamanca
,
Madrid
,
Guadalaxara
,
Murcia
,
Segovia
,
Toro
,
Zamora
,
and
all
the
rest
of
the
Commonalties
,
to
the
number
of
five
hundred
persons
,
and
som
Gentlemen
,
declaring
them
Traitors
,
Violaters
of
their
faith
to
God
and
their
King
,
and
calling
the
Bishop
,
and
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
and
other
Officers
of
the
Commonaltie
,
treacherous
enemies
to
his
Majestie
.
This
was
dispatched
in
Burgos
,
and
proclaimed
with
great
solemnitie
before
Anton
Gallo
,
Chancellor
and
Secretarie
of
his
Majestie
's
Council
then
at
Burgos
,
and
divers
other
persons
of
note
.
The
names
of
the
parties
mentioned
beeing
very
many
,
and
that
importing
little
or
nothing
to
the
substance
of
the
Historie
,
I
shall
not
trouble
the
Reader
therewith
.
SECT.
III.
VAlladolid
,
in
revenge
of
this
Proclamation
,
set
up
against
them
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Commonalties
,
the
next
daie
after
it
was
found
in
the
market
place
,
they
pasted
upon
the
door
of
Santa
Maria
Church
(
which
is
now
the
Cathedral
)
a
Paper
,
with
a
direction
to
the
Citie
of
Valladolid
,
animating
them
to
persevere
in
their
holie
purpose
,
and
not
to
bee
intimidated
for
any
practices
of
the
Enemies
,
or
bee
troubled
at
their
reviling
them
with
such
opprobrious
terms
,
and
encouraging
all
those
of
the
Commonaltie
to
make
all
forces
possible
,
and
march
speedily
into
the
field
with
so
numerous
an
Armie
,
that
the
sight
of
them
onely
should
serv
to
overcom
their
enemies
without
fighting
,
by
which
means
they
should
save
the
lives
of
many
men
,
which
would
bee
lost
,
if
their
Armies
met
with
equal
strength
,
besides
the
hazard
to
which
they
should
expose
their
Caus.
And
if
they
were
successful
,
the
War
would
bee
at
an
end
,
peace
and
plentie
would
encreas
,
the
libertie
and
publick
good
of
the
Kingdom
ensue
,
and
the
name
of
Traitors
remain
upon
the
Conquerred
,
who
never
would
dare
to
face
them
again
:
This
,
with
som
other
things
to
the
same
effect
,
was
the
substance
of
that
Paper
,
which
the
Common
people
read
with
great
content
and
applaus
,
crying
it
up
exceedingly
,
and
sending
copies
of
it
through
the
whole
Kingdom
.
SECT.
IV.
JOhn
de
Padilla's
staying
so
long
at
Torrelobaton
was
very
prejudicial
to
the
Commonalties
;
for
besides
that
hee
lost
many
men
,
hee
gave
the
Cavaliers
time
to
recruit
and
strengthen
themselvs
notably
,
whereas
questionless
if
hee
had
fallen
upon
Tordesillas
assoon
as
hee
had
taken
in
Torrelobaton
,
hee
had
driven
them
to
extraordinarie
straits
.
But
he
remained
there
hugging
himself
with
that
small
victorie
,
and
the
applaus
of
the
people
,
which
hee
had
thereby
procured
:
Hee
fell
to
repairing
the
walls
which
hee
had
battered
down
,
as
if
hee
intended
to
make
that
the
seat
and
residence
of
his
Armie
,
which
lasted
not
long
after
.
The
Cities
of
Toro
and
Zamora
sent
him
som
fresh
supplies
,
whereof
the
Cavaliers
having
notice
,
they
sent
out
a
Partie
of
seven
hundred
Lances
to
cut
off
their
waie
,
and
their
lives
too
,
if
they
could
;
near
Pedrosa
they
met
,
and
after
a
prettie
hot
skirmish
,
the
Cavaliers
forced
them
into
the
Town
,
where
they
besieged
them
close
;
but
Iohn
de
Padilla
having
notice
of
his
men's
distress
,
soon
came
to
reliev
them
with
three
thousand
Foot
,
and
five
hundred
Hors
,
leaving
a
sufficient
Guard
in
Torrelobaton
:
whom
when
the
Cavaliers
saw
with
so
great
force
,
they
made
their
retreat
good
to
Tordesillas
;
And
Iohn
de
Padilla
marched
with
his
men
to
Castromonte
(
another
Town
of
the
Lord
Admiral
's
)
and
having
taken
it
,
left
a
Garrison
in
it
,
and
thence
returned
to
Torrelobaton
,
intending
to
exspect
the
succor
for
which
hee
had
sent
to
the
Cities
of
his
Combination
;
in
the
mean
time
hee
repaired
and
fortified
the
Town
,
(
as
I
said
before
)
lest
the
Cavaliers
of
Tordesillas
should
fall
upon
him
before
the
forces
hee
exspected
were
com
to
him
.
There
hee
began
to
be
sensible
of
his
own
ill
government
,
John
de
Padilla
was
not
so
incapable
as
the
Frier
make●
him
,
th●ugh
over-seen
in
this
o●casion
.
and
of
the
dammage
which
hee
received
by
his
too
great
confidence
,
which
soon
after
hee
more
plainly
saw
,
to
the
loss
of
his
libertie
and
life
.
For
it
is
a
blindeness
and
imperfection
of
a
man's
intellect
to
thrust
himself
upon
imploiments
beyond
the
reach
of
his
capacitie
,
and
having
undertaken
them
,
to
bee
r●miss
in
the
execution
of
them
.
To
bee
the
occasion
of
any
troubles
or
disturbance
in
a
Common-wealth
is
not
Justifiable
,
but
beeing
once
ingaged
,
it
is
an
act
of
prudence
for
a
man
to
bee
vigilant
and
active
in
the
atchievment
of
his
design
.
SECT.
V.
IT
were
unjust
that
the
great
zeal
wherewith
the
Lord
high
Admiral
of
Castilla
was
moved
to
reduce
the
people
of
that
Kingdom
(
which
were
up
in
Arms
)
by
fair
means
and
without
bloodshed
,
to
peace
and
due
obedience
to
his
Majestie
,
should
pass
without
mentioning
,
for
the
eternal
memorie
of
so
noble
a
person
,
and
the
honor
of
his
generous
familie
,
who
(
as
it
is
well
known
)
was
of
the
blood
Roial
.
Having
advertisment
that
Don̄a
Maria
Pacheco
Mendoça
,
wife
to
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
had
a
great
hand
with
her
husband
,
and
might
contribute
much
to
the
withdrawing
him
from
that
imployment
,
nay
,
that
hee
had
done
the
more
by
her
instigation
and
spurring
him
on
.
And
that
Pedro
Lopez
de
Padilla
,
his
father
,
was
yet
living
in
Toledo
,
but
very
old
and
decrepit
;
the
Lord
Admiral
sent
a
Gentleman
,
one
of
the
Emperor's
servants
to
them
,
with
instructions
full
of
prudent
and
sage
counsels
and
advice
,
and
strong
arguments
to
convince
and
persuade
them
to
induce
Iohn
de
Padilla
to
moderate
his
over-violent
passion
,
and
admit
of
a
Treatie
with
him
,
advising
him
not
to
bee
so
extreme
careful
and
earnest
in
advancing
the
affairs
of
Valladolid
,
as
to
forget
his
own
,
assuring
him
that
if
hee
would
(
as
then
it
was
in
his
power
)
but
contribute
his
consent
to
the
concluding
of
a
Peace
,
hee
would
not
onely
procure
a
pardon
from
his
Majestie
of
all
past-offencers
,
but
set
him
highly
in
his
esteem
,
and
obtein
divers
favors
and
Mercedes
to
bee
confirmed
upon
him
and
his
children
.
These
,
and
divers
other
good
remonstrances
hee
gave
Alonso
de
Quin̄ones
to
urge
at
Toledo
,
to
the
above-named
persons
;
but
hee
might
gave
saved
that
labor
.
SECT.
VI.
THose
of
the
Iunta
,
hearing
of
the
great
Power
which
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
had
assembled
in
the
Mountains
,
wherewith
hee
had
possessed
himself
of
the
Artillerie
,
which
was
coming
from
Navarra
to
the
Cavaliers
,
and
of
the
Forces
which
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
had
in
the
Kingdom
of
Toledo
,
besides
those
which
were
with
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
had
their
hearts
at
eas
,
thinking
their
game
cock-sure
.
Moreover
,
divers
of
the
Kingdom
,
who
had
look'd
on
till
then
,
seeing
the
Grandees
so
hard
bestead
,
took
up
Arms
to
make
good
the
Caus
of
the
Commonaltie
.
And
had
things
been
as
those
of
the
Commonaltie
could
have
wished
,
they
would
have
had
partakers
and
abettors
enough
.
But
there
is
no
Law
in
this
life
for
the
good
,
or
the
evil
to
overcom
,
or
bee
overcom
;
for
favorable
,
or
an
advers
fortune
.
Yet
seeing
themselvs
in
so
good
a
condition
,
and
highly
resenting
the
Proclamation
which
was
published
by
the
Governors
,
against
them
and
the
Cities
,
they
resolved
to
paie
them
in
the
same
coin
.
They
fulminated
a
Process
as
they
pleased
themselvs
,
and
having
commanded
a
great
Scaffold
to
bee
erected
in
the
chief
market-place
of
Valladolid
,
adorning
it
with
hangings
of
rich
cloth
of
gold
and
silk
,
and
steps
and
seats
placed
in
good
order
,
on
Sundaie
the
17
of
March
,
1521
,
all
the
Commissioners
of
the
Iunta
,
and
Deputies
,
with
a
great
number
of
Attendants
,
and
sound
of
trumpets
,
drums
,
and
other
musick
,
came
and
seated
themselvs
upon
it
:
Before
them
went
the
Kings
at
Arms
,
with
the
Maces
and
Coats
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
beeing
placed
in
their
throne
,
their
Attornie
general
read
with
a
loud
voice
.
That
they
had
made
a
process
against
the
Admiral
and
Constable
of
Castilla
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
Earl
of
Haro
,
Earl
of
Alva
de
Lista
,
Earl
of
Salinas
,
Ma●quis
of
Astorga
,
the
Bishop
of
Astorga
,
against
the
Secretaries
and
other
Officers
of
the
evil
Council
(
for
so
they
termed
his
Majestie
's
Council
)
and
against
the
High
Treasurers
,
and
under
Treasurers
;
the
Merchants
,
and
other
Inhabitants
of
Burgos
,
Tordesillas
,
●imancas
,
and
other
places
,
declaring
them
Traitors
,
and
breakers
of
the
Truce
,
expressing
divers
reasons
,
especially
the
burning
of
Medina
del
Campo
,
with
the
cruel
and
inhumane
sacking
of
Tordesillas
,
wherein
they
alleged
,
the
Cavaliers
shewed
neither
respect
to
God
,
nor
his
Saints
,
nor
the
person
of
the
Queen
,
who
was
present
;
and
that
two
Souldiers
,
without
fear
of
God
or
their
own
consciences
,
broke
into
a
Church
,
and
stript
the
image
of
our
Ladie
,
and
cut
off
one
of
her
arms
,
for
greediness
of
som
gold
which
there
was
upon
it
.
That
som
others
took
away
the
Custodia
,
whereof
one
eat
up
the
consecrated
Hostia
.
They
ripped
up
a
thousand
more
such
like
things
,
which
I
shall
now
omit
to
rehears
.
Thus
our
Spaniards
treat●d
each
other
,
beeing
all
of
the
same
Nation
and
language
;
and
yet
all
this
was
for
their
King's
service
,
(
as
they
pretended
)
and
to
free
the
Kingdom
from
Tyrants
.
SECT.
VII
.
AFter
this
,
the
War
grew
very
hot
,
and
their
passions
on
both
sides
implacable
,
and
no
daie
passed
without
some
sallying
out
of
the
Garrisons
to
robb
and
spoil
each
other
.
Som
Companies
of
musketiers
having
notice
of
provisions
and
munition
that
was
carrying
to
Tordesillas
,
marched
out
of
Torrelobaton
to
intercept
them
.
Whereof
the
Earl
of
Haro
beeing
informed
,
took
a
stout
partie
of
hors
with
him
,
and
gave
such
a
hot
charge
to
Iohn
de
Padilla's
men
,
that
hee
left
divers
of
them
dead
upon
the
place
,
and
took
one
hundred
and
fiftie
prisoners
,
which
so
scared
the
rest
,
that
they
never
durst
quatch
afterwards
,
nor
make
any
incursions
upon
his
Territories
,
as
when
they
came
first
thither
they
boasted
they
would
do
.
Those
of
Medina
del
Campo
,
roving
in
like
manner
on
the
other
side
,
the
Earl
of
Haro
with
all
the
Nobles
and
Gentrie
in
Tordesillas
(
except
the
Lord
Admiral
,
whom
in
respect
of
his
age
and
charge
of
Governor
,
they
desired
to
staie
with
the
Queen
)
went
one
daie
purposely
to
face
it
,
and
scour
the
whole
Countrie
about
it
,
at
whose
appearing
,
those
of
the
Town
sallied
forth
and
skermished
with
them
,
in
which
encounter
some
of
them
were
sorely
wounded
,
others
taken
prisoners
,
amongst
whom
was
Alonso
Luys
de
Quintanilla
their
Captain
,
Son
to
Don
Luys
Quintanilla
,
to
whom
(
as
is
alreadie
said
)
those
of
the
Iunta
committed
the
charge
of
her
Majestie
,
when
they
took
Tordesillas
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
having
intelligence
from
some
Inhabitants
of
Tordesillas
,
of
the
Earl
of
Haro's
grand
sallie
.
Determined
with
his
Armie
to
assault
it
in
his
absence
,
and
put
the
Governors
to
a
rout
,
and
some
report
,
that
hee
had
a
promiss
from
those
inhabitants
to
make
one
of
the
Gates
for
him
:
Which
beeing
told
the
Lord
Admiral
,
and
that
Iohn
de
Padilla
was
alreadie
upon
his
march
,
hee
sent
word
immediately
to
the
Earl
of
Haro
,
who
lost
no
time
after
this
notice
,
but
with
all
his
gallant
partie
came
thundring
back
to
Tordesillas
;
which
Iohn
de
Padilla
perceiving
,
hee
durst
not
prosecute
his
design
,
but
wheeled
back
to
his
Garrison
of
Torrelobaton
.
After
this
,
they
remained
some
daies
prettie
quiet
,
without
any
encounter
or
action
considerable
.
For
,
by
reason
of
Iohn
de
Padilla's
obstinate
resolution
of
staying
in
Torrelobaton
,
his
Armie
was
so
diminished
,
that
hee
had
not
men
enough
left
to
make
a
sallie
of
any
consequence
.
Wherefore
hee
sent
to
Salamanca
,
Toro
,
Zamora
,
and
other
Cities
,
demanding
fresh
supplies
.
On
the
other
side
,
the
Governors
agreed
to
put
in
effect
what
they
had
discussed
amongst
themselvs
,
which
was
,
That
the
Lord
high
Constable
coming
from
Burgos
with
his
forces
,
they
should
all
joyn
in
one
bodie
,
and
make
up
an
Armie
sufficient
to
encounter
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
in
case
hee
should
take
the
field
,
(
the
succors
which
hee
exspected
beeing
arrived
)
or
to
besiege
him
where
hee
was
:
for
beeing
divided
,
they
could
not
attempt
either
of
those
enterprises
,
without
danger
and
a
doubtfulness
of
the
success
,
neither
indeed
had
they
strength
enough
to
perform
either
design
,
considering
they
must
leav
a
competent
Garrison
in
Tordesillas
.
According
to
this
resolution
,
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
&
other
Noblemen
,
with
the
forces
they
brought
with
them
to
Burgos
,
prepared
themselvs
for
the
journie
.
The
Duke
of
Naxara
,
then
Vice-roy
of
Navarra
,
sent
him
a
thousand
old
souldiers
,
and
som
Artillerie
,
which
with
his
own
men
,
and
those
other
Noblemen's
with
him
,
made
three
thousand
choice
Foot
,
and
five
hundred
gallant
Hors
,
well
Armed
,
besides
som
Gentlemen
,
and
Light
Horsmen
,
and
besides
those
which
hee
sent
before
with
Don
Diego
de
Sarmiento
Earl
of
Salinas
,
and
those
which
his
Nephew
Don
Pedro
Xuarez
de
Velasco
carried
to
subdue
the
Merindades
.
With
these
forces
marched
the
Lord
High
Constable
from
Burgos
,
leaving
the
Citie
under
the
government
and
guard
of
Don
Antonio
de
Velasco
Earl
of
Nieva
,
with
a
competent
number
of
men
to
that
purpose
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
and
the
other
Captains
of
the
Commonaltie
,
having
notice
hereof
,
sent
presently
to
the
town
of
Vezerril
(
which
is
in
Campos
)
where
he
was
to
pass
,
advertising
and
requiring
Don
Iohn
de
Figueroa
,
brother
to
the
Duke
of
Arcos
,
(
who
still
followed
the
Commonaltie
with
som
Cuirassiers
,
and
Light
Horsmen
,
then
beeing
at
Vezerril
)
to
defend
the
pass
,
and
do
the
Lord
High
Constable
what
disturbance
and
mischief
hee
could
:
but
hee
beeing
arrived
,
commanded
his
men
to
storm
the
Town
,
which
was
done
,
and
hee
entred
without
any
great
difficultie
,
it
beeing
a
place
of
no
considerable
strength
.
Don
Iohn
de
Figueroa
,
and
another
Gentleman
with
him
,
called
Don
Iohn
de
Luna
,
were
sent
prisoners
to
the
Castle
of
Burgos
;
which
done
,
the
Lord
High
Constable
continued
on
his
march
to
Rioseco
,
where
hee
arrived
with
four
thousand
Foot
,
six
hundred
Hors
,
three
or
four
great
Pieces
of
Ordnance
,
about
five
hundred
Gascones
,
and
six
hundred
Moors
of
the
Kingdom
of
Aragon
,
Vassals
to
the
Earl
of
Almenara
,
wherewith
hee
served
the
Cavaliers
.
SECT.
VIII
.
THe
Cavaliers
had
so
plaied
their
Cards
in
the
Kingdom
of
Aragon
,
that
two
thousand
souldiers
were
raised
in
the
Citie
of
Saragosa
,
and
paied
at
the
Kingdom
's
charge
;
who
beeing
mustered
,
and
ready
to
depart
,
the
Common
people
of
the
Citie
hearing
that
they
were
levyed
in
favor
of
the
Cavaliers
against
the
Commonalties
of
Castilla
;
There
was
such
a
hubbub
and
uproar
of
a
sudden
in
the
Citie
,
that
all
the
people
fell
unawars
upon
those
souldiers
,
disarmed
and
routed
them
quite
,
saying
,
that
Aragon
had
nothing
to
do
to
meddle
or
contradict
any
thing
concerning
the
liberties
of
Castilla
.
Don
Pedro
Giron
discover's
himself
to
bee
a
Traitor
on
both
sides
.
Don
Pedro
Giron
,
who
was
retired
to
a
Town
of
his
named
Pen̄afiel
,
gave
intelligence
of
the
raising
of
these
men
,
to
those
of
the
Commonaltie
,
and
that
a
great
part
of
them
,
after
they
were
disarmed
,
marched
to
the
Lord
high
Constable
at
Burgos
,
whom
upon
this
notice
,
they
saie
,
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
did
cut
off
by
the
waie
,
which
was
a
thing
of
no
great
difficultie
,
considering
in
what
ill
equipage
and
condition
they
then
were
.
Don
Pedro
said
moreover
,
that
hee
sent
them
this
advertisement
,
meerly
out
of
a
desire
to
express
his
readiness
to
serv
the
Commonalties
,
and
the
Citie
of
Valladolid
,
telling
them
,
that
it
would
not
bee
amiss
to
send
their
acknowledgments
and
thanks
to
Saragosa
,
for
doing
them
so
great
a
favor
without
beeing
desired
.
Hee
wrote
another
letter
to
Valladolid
immediately
after
hee
had
deserted
them
,
and
relinquished
the
office
of
Captain
General
,
vindicating
himself
of
the
suspitions
and
fault
wherewith
they
charged
him
,
offering
to
return
unto
his
Command
,
and
desiring
them
to
bee
favorable
in
their
censure
,
until
they
knew
further
:
Whereupon
som
gave
their
Votes
for
his
returning
to
his
Charge
,
alleging
,
that
although
hee
had
committed
an
error
,
and
in
probabilitie
not
unwillingly
,
Don
Pedro
Lasso
.
But
Iohn
de
Padilla
had
gained
so
much
repute
amongst
them
,
and
the
Common
People
,
that
most
of
the
Iunta
disliked
that
proposition
:
And
it
was
better
for
Don
Pedro
Giron
they
did
so
,
for
it
was
a
stain
to
the
greatness
of
his
birth
to
bee
Captain
of
such
people
.
SECT.
IX
.
BEfore
I
com
to
relate
the
end
which
befell
Iohn
de
Padilla
and
the
Iunta's
Armie
,
the
several
passages
and
exploits
of
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
present
themselvs
unto
my
pen.
When
hee
marched
from
Valladolid
,
by
the
Iunta's
order
,
hee
gave
out
that
hee
went
to
take
possession
of
the
Arch-Bishoprick
of
of
Toledo
,
then
vacant
by
the
death
of
Guillermo
de
Crouij
,
nephew
to
Monsieur
de
Xeures
.
Hee
carried
with
him
an
hand●om
Armie
of
both
Foot
and
Hors
,
with
five
field-pieces
.
In
Toledo
hee
was
very
well
received
,
and
the
Citie
furnished
him
with
more
men
and
Artillerie
,
from
Alcala
de
Henares
hee
took
six
Pieces
more
,
so
that
hee
had
in
all
fifteen
Pieces
of
Ordnance
.
Don
Antonio
de
Zun̄iga
his
adversarie
was
likewise
very
strong
,
having
at
least
six
thousand
Foot
,
and
proportionable
number
of
Hors
,
besides
divers
Gentlemen
that
were
com
to
assist
him
.
Amongst
whom
Don
Pedro
de
Guzman
,
a
valiant
young
Gentleman
(
whom
his
Majestie
made
the
first
Earl
of
Olivares
)
was
chiefly
taken
notice
of
for
his
good
service
.
I
have
already
mentioned
how
the
Dutchess
of
Medina
Sidonia
,
Don̄a
Leonora
de
Zun̄iga
,
by
her
masculine
courage
and
resolution
,
appeased
the
disorders
and
insurrection
which
Don
Iohn
de
Figueroa
attempted
to
rais
in
Sevilla
:
since
which
,
hearing
of
the
Commotions
in
the
Kingdom
of
Toledo
,
and
that
her
brother
Don
Antonio
de
Zun̄iga
,
Prior
of
San
Iuan
,
was
engaged
in
the
suppressing
of
them
,
shee
pick'd
out
a
thousand
of
her
choicest
Foot
,
and
an
hundred
Hors
,
with
six
field-pieces
,
all
at
the
Duke
,
her
eldest
son's
charges
,
and
sent
Don
Pedro
de
Guzman
,
her
third
son
with
them
,
to
the
end
,
in
Don
Antonio
de
Zuniga
,
his
unkle's
companie
,
hee
should
give
testimonie
of
his
valor
and
fidelitie
to
the
Emperor
,
against
those
revolters
.
Don
Diego
de
Caravajal
,
Lord
of
Todar
,
and
his
brother
Don
Alonso
,
came
likewise
to
assist
Don
Antonio
in
this
expedition
with
a
reasonable
number
of
men
.
With
all
which
forces
the
Prior
marched
out
of
Almaguer
toward
Ocan̄a
,
thinking
to
reduce
it
to
his
Majesties
subjection
either
by
force
or
composition
.
The
Bishop
of
Zamora
,
who
had
no
less
forces
with
him
,
put
his
Armie
in
a
posture
to
encounter
him
,
and
both
came
into
the
field
with
a
full
determination
to
fight
,
which
som
devout
religious
men
grieving
for
the
loss
that
both
parties
were
like
to
sustein
,
endeavored
by
many
pious
remonstrances
and
persuasions
to
divert
,
but
all
they
could
obtein
was
a
Truce
for
three
daies
.
The
event
of
these
Armies
is
diversly
related
by
two
several
Autors
,
whom
I
chiefly
follow
in
this
narration
;
the
one
saith
,
That
the
Bshop
having
put
the
Prior
to
flight
,
and
routed
his
Armie
,
remained
master
of
the
field
,
Pero
Mexia
,
reporteth
,
That
during
the
Treatie
,
som
scattering
souldiers
of
Don
Antonio's
Armie
beeing
engaged
with
som
of
the
Bishop's
,
one
of
Don
Antonio's
Foot-Captains
seeing
his
men
over-match't
,
without
any
order
from
the
Prior
,
charged
the
Bishop's
men
with
his
whole
Companie
,
&
so
both
Parties
seeking
to
favor
and
rescue
their
own
men
,
at
last
the
whole
Armies
were
both
engaged
,
and
had
a
furious
battle
,
wherein
divers
were
wounded
and
kill'd
on
both
sides
;
at
last
the
Bishop's
men
being
worsted
,
began
to
shew
their
heels
,
and
the
execution
had
been
much
greater
if
the
night
had
not
separated
them
,
leaving
the
victorie
and
glorie
of
the
daie
to
Don
Antonio's
men
;
The
darknes
of
the
night
befriended
the
Bishop
very
much
in
his
escape
,
and
divers
of
his
men
,
who
fled
to
Ocania
:
But
hee
made
no
long
staie
there
,
beeing
informed
that
hee
was
pursued
by
Don
Antonio
,
and
that
the
Town
was
upon
terms
of
yielding
to
him
;
So
the
Bishop
beeing
gon
to
Toledo
,
within
three
daies
Ocania
was
surrendred
to
Don
Antonio
for
the
Emperor
,
upon
conditions
of
pardon
for
their
former
disobedience
,
and
they
received
him
with
great
solemnitie
and
acts
of
submission
.
After
which
Don
Antonio's
Armie
increased
daily
with
fresh
supplies
,
which
hee
quartered
in
all
the
frontiers
and
Towns
adjacent
to
Toledo
,
continuing
the
War
against
the
Toledians
.
Don
Iohn
de
Ribera
did
the
like
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
Tagus
.
SECT.
X.
AMongst
other
transactions
in
this
War
,
the
expedition
of
the
Town
of
Mora
was
the
most
remarkable
,
and
the
most
desastrous
that
yet
hath
been
related
:
It
was
thus
,
The
Inhabitants
of
that
Town
beeing
inclined
to
the
interest
of
the
Commonaltie
,
rose
up
in
Arms
,
and
so
continued
a
certain
time
;
But
seeing
the
Power
and
Victorious
proceedings
of
Don
Antonio
,
they
capitulated
with
him
,
and
promised
obedience
to
his
Majestie
,
(
yet
so
little
constancie
there
is
amongst
the
Vulgar
)
after
their
agreement
,
they
revolted
again
,
declaring
for
the
Commonaltie
,
as
before
:
and
not
contented
with
this
,
seeing
one
of
Don
Antonio's
Captains
pass
by
the
Town
,
with
som
sheep
and
other
cattle
,
which
hee
had
taken
in
the
confines
of
Toledo
,
they
sallied
out
to
the
number
of
three
hundred
men
,
and
rescued
the
Prize
,
forcing
him
to
flie
:
whereupon
,
the
next
daie
Don
Diego
de
Caravajal
,
who
was
quartered
two
leagues
thence
at
Almonacid
,
marching
out
with
his
Hors
,
joined
with
Don
Hernando
de
Robledo
,
who
had
the
Command
of
som
Foot
companies
,
whom
Don
Antonio
,
at
the
instance
and
persuasion
of
Diego
Lopez
de
Avalos
,
Commendador
of
Mora
,
had
sent
to
keep
them
in
aw
,
and
make
them
stand
to
their
conditions
;
who
advancing
toge●her
to
the
very
walls
of
the
Town
,
(
which
the
Inhabitants
had
made
as
strong
as
they
could
)
summoned
them
to
deliver
it
for
his
Majestie
,
and
give
them
a
peaceable
entrance
:
But
they
sturdily
refused
,
calling
them
Traitors
,
and
reviling
them
in
base
injurious
terms
,
accompanied
with
many
musket
shots
,
and
arrows
.
Don
Hernando
de
Robledo
,
and
those
with
him
,
enraged
at
this
uncivil
treatment
,
entred
the
Town
by
storm
,
and
forced
the
Inhabitants
to
retreat
to
the
great
Church
,
wherein
they
had
put
all
their
wives
and
children
,
having
fortified
it
,
as
they
could
,
and
dammed
up
all
the
doors
but
one
,
which
,
though
open
,
was
barrocadoed
lustily
,
and
in
it
they
had
planted
two
Fawkenets
,
with
som
barrels
of
powder
for
their
defens
.
Don
Hernando
beeing
com
thither
with
his
men
,
required
those
that
made
good
the
Church
to
submit
;
whereunto
they
answered
with
a
shot
from
one
of
their
Guns
,
which
killed
a
Corporal
of
h●s
:
whereat
his
souldiers
growing
desperate
,
without
any
order
or
command
,
presently
fetched
a
great
quantitie
of
sprey
,
or
bavins
,
which
they
heaped
against
the
other
doors
,
and
set
fire
to
them
,
thinking
when
the
doors
were
burned
down
,
to
enter
into
the
Church
.
But
the
fire
coming
to
the
barrels
and
the
tubs
wherewith
the
doors
were
barrocadoed
on
the
inside
,
made
such
a
blaze
,
that
the
timber
of
the
Church
taking
fire
therewith
,
all
was
immediately
of
a
flame
;
and
the
poor
people's
having
no
waie
out
but
through
the
fire
,
nor
any
breathing
place
within
the
Church
,
were
well-nigh
all
consumed
;
At
least
three
thousand
persons
lost
their
lives
in
that
miserable
manner
,
which
was
very
much
lamented
all
the
Kingdom
over
.
SECT.
XI
.
THe
Bishop
of
Zamora
was
not
idle
all
this
while
,
hee
had
as
great
a
fire
,
in
a
manner
,
as
this
,
within
himself
.
Hee
went
to
Toledo
disguised
,
and
alone
,
having
left
his
men
two
or
three
leagues
off
the
Citie
,
but
beeing
arrived
,
hee
made
himself
known
;
whereupon
the
people
presently
flocked
to
see
him
with
great
eagerness
,
by
reason
of
the
high
value
and
esteem
which
hee
had
acquired
amongst
the
Commonalties
.
The
Citie
made
exceeding
demonstrations
of
joie
for
his
coming
thither
,
and
forthwith
granted
him
the
administration
of
the
Arch-Bishoprick
,
according
to
his
desire
,
as
if
they
had
been
Popes
.
In
accomplishment
whereof
,
they
carried
him
with
great
solemnitie
to
t●e
Cathedral
Church
,
and
placed
him
in
the
Arch-bishop's
seat
:
Which
act
and
form
of
taking
possession
beeing
past
,
they
gave
him
monie
,
and
a
good
quantitie
of
Church-plate
,
wherewith
to
paie
his
souldiers
.
This
made
him
return
merrily
to
his
Armie
,
and
soon
after
hee
went
to
reliev
Avila
,
which
was
besieged
by
Don
Iohn
de
Ribera
,
before
mentioned
:
Which
hee
did
with
the
loss
of
manie
men
on
both
sides
.
That
done
,
hee
used
all
means
possible
to
mischief
and
endammage
Don
Antonio's
Armie
,
but
hee
could
do
him
no
great
harm
,
hee
beeing
grown
very
powerfull
,
by
reason
of
fresh
supplies
that
daily
came
in
to
his
assistance
,
especially
by
the
recruit
which
his
Nephew
Don
Pedro
de
Guzman
,
brother
to
the
Duke
of
Medina
Sidonia
,
brought
him
.
SECT.
XII
.
AT
the
same
time
that
the
Bishop
departed
from
Valladolid
to
the
Kingdom
of
Toledo
,
Don
Iohn
de
Mendoça
,
with
seven
hundred
men
,
raised
and
paid
by
the
Citie
of
Valladolid
,
marched
to
succor
Duen̄as
against
the
Lord
high
Constable
,
whom
they
feared
would
laie
siege
to
that
Town
.
But
seeing
there
was
no
great
need
of
him
there
,
hee
went
to
Villacis
(
which
is
a
wall'd
Town
and
indifferent
strong
,
one
league
from
Carrion
)
which
hee
entred
by
storm
and
sacked
.
Thus
the
confusion
and
ruine
of
the
Kingdom
grew
daily
greater
and
greater
,
which
much
perplexed
the
Governors
,
and
grieved
all
those
that
were
truly
zealous
for
the
publick
good
.
Yet
there
was
no
waie
left
unattempted
to
procure
a
peace
,
but
nothing
concluded
.
The
more
the
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
suffred
,
the
more
their
hearts
were
hardned
,
peremptorily
resolving
to
stand
to
the
rigorous
arbitrement
of
War
for
the
ending
of
their
differences
.
And
Valladolid
beeing
the
chief
seat
of
the
Commonalties
,
and
as
it
were
,
the
sinewes
of
the
War
,
all
the
other
places
of
the
Kingdom
made
their
addresses
to
that
Citie
,
extolling
it
to
the
skies
,
saying
,
That
was
the
onely
firm
Piller
which
supported
their
Holie
pretensions
,
whence
they
expected
the
benefi●
of
their
libertie
.
Amongst
others
,
the
Citie
of
Leon
having
levied
some
monies
,
in
order
to
the
Iunta's
command
sent
a
Letter
to
those
of
Valladolid
,
highly
magnifying
the
Justice
and
holiness
of
their
caus
,
thanking
and
commending
them
exceedingly
for
their
care
and
vigilance
in
the
mainteinance
and
prosecution
thereof
,
and
lastly
excusing
themselvs
that
they
could
procure
no
more
monie
to
send
them
at
that
present
,
promising
within
short
time
to
rais
a
more
considerable
summe
for
the
furtherance
of
that
holie
design
,
and
their
treasure
beeing
exhausted
,
to
engage
their
own
persons
,
with
all
their
friends
and
allyes
in
whatsoever
they
should
pleas
to
command
them
.
SECT.
XIII
.
PAlacios
de
Meneses
,
a
Town
not
far
from
Medina
de
Rioseco
,
would
needs
enter
into
the
same
brawl
with
the
Commoners
,
and
rise
up
in
Arms
with
them
.
Don
Alonso
Enriquez
Bishop
of
Osma
,
brother
to
the
Lord
Admiral
,
and
the
Earl
Don
Hernando
beeing
at
that
time
in
Medina
,
drew
out
three
thousand
Foot
and
one
hundred
and
fiftie
hors
,
with
which
they
marched
directly
to
Palacios
de
Meneses
,
intending
to
storm
and
sack
it
in
revenge
of
that
which
the
Commoners
had
don
at
Torrelobaton
.
This
design
beeing
discovered
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
sent
threescore
hors
into
Palacios
,
which
otherwaies
was
not
very
ill
provided
,
for
having
the
enemie
neer
them
,
their
continual
fear
made
them
the
more
careful
and
circumspect
.
There
was
within
the
Town
neer
four
hundred
inhabitants
able
to
bear
Arms
,
all
well
provided
with
Cross-bows
and
other
weapons
:
insomuch
that
when
those
of
Rioceco
came
thither
,
and
required
them
to
let
them
in
,
they
answered
,
That
their
manner
of
coming
was
such
,
that
they
could
not
with
safe●ie
permit
them
entrance
.
Thereupon
the
Cavaliers
bid
them
send
any
two
of
their
Towns-men
to
treat
with
them
;
whi●●
〈◊〉
●●d
.
But
beeing
com
unto
them
,
they
stript
them
,
〈…〉
●●em
back
in
their
shirts
,
with
threatnings
and
comm●●●●●●liver
the
town
presently
,
otherwise
they
would
●ansack
〈◊〉
●●●●●oy
them
utterly
.
The
Town
not
valuing
their
mena●●●●●●od
to
their
former
resolution
,
and
would
not
admi●
them
p●●●ing
themselvs
in
a
defensive
posture
,
in
case
they
should
atte●●●
to
storm
them
.
The
Assault
was
very
furious
,
and
the
resistance
of
the
Assailed
no
less
couragious
,
killing
and
wounding
●●ch
other
without
pitie
,
four
hours
together
:
At
last
,
those
within
beeing
fewer
in
number
then
the
Assailers
,
were
forced
to
quit
the
walls
,
which
the
enemie
presently
scaled
,
and
placed
two
Colors
upon
the
top
,
and
divers
others
were
following
them
:
but
when
those
of
Palacios
saw
themselvs
in
that
extremitie
,
three
hundred
Cross-bow-men
,
and
many
with
slings
,
charged
them
so
thick
with
stones
and
arrows
,
that
both
the
Ensigns
beeing
killed
,
one
fell
with
his
Colors
within
,
the
other
on
the
out-side
of
the
wall
;
so
that
those
of
Rioseco
,
seeing
so
resolute
a
resistance
,
were
glad
to
make
a
fair
retreat
;
but
they
first
set
fire
to
the
gates
,
which
the
Towns
people
perceiving
,
the
women
brought
presently
above
two
hundred
great
pitchers
of
Vinegar
,
and
the
bow-men
sent
such
clouds
of
arrows
amongst
them
,
that
they
killed
ten
of
their
men
,
and
wounded
a
great
number
.
With
this
paiment
they
returned
to
Rioseco
,
and
those
of
Palacios
remained
very
well
pleased
and
satisfied
:
hereof
they
presently
gave
intelligence
to
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
Don
Iohn
de
Mendoça
,
Captain
of
the
forces
of
Valladolid
,
and
to
Empudia
,
desiring
●uccor
,
les●
the
Enemie
,
angrie
at
their
ill
success
in
that
attempt
,
should
surprise
them
another
time
.
Hereupon
those
of
the
Iunta
commanded
Don
Iohn
de
Mendoça
to
go
to
Palacios
.
The
same
night
after
the
assault
,
came
fiftie
musketiers
from
Empudia
to
Palacios
,
so
secretly
,
that
they
were
not
discovered
by
the
Enemie
,
who
returned
the
next
daie
thither
,
thinking
to
carrie
it
,
not
knowing
any
thing
of
the
succor
which
came
to
them
of
Palacios
over-night
,
which
,
though
it
was
not
much
,
proved
of
great
importance
.
Those
of
Rioseco
fell
on
de●perately
,
but
the
Towns-men
,
with
the
help
of
those
Musketiers
,
defended
themselvs
very
stoutly
,
and
killed
their
men
so
fast
,
that
they
were
fain
to
retire
with
loss
:
And
those
of
Palacios
were
cried
up
for
gallant
men
,
having
repulsed
so
many
enemies
two
several
times
,
without
the
loss
of
one
man
,
they
beeing
but
an
handful
in
comparison
,
and
their
Town
not
strong
.
SECT.
XIV
.
THus
the
confusion
and
war
daily
grew
more
violent
in
the
miserable
Kingdoms
of
Castilla
,
Toledo
,
the
Province
of
Alava
,
and
in
the
Mountains
of
Burgos
.
In
the
Kingdom
of
Valencia
there
was
nothing
but
cutting
of
throats
,
and
robbing
one
another
:
And
Valladolid
,
seeing
the
Kingdom
in
so
distracted
a
condition
,
began
to
murmure
against
those
that
sate
at
the
helm
,
charging
them
with
the
ill
managing
of
the
affairs
,
and
that
they
did
nothing
but
trifle
and
delaie
the
time
,
without
knowing
when
or
how
to
set
a
period
to
their
miseries
:
They
desired
to
bring
their
differences
to
an
end
,
but
chiefly
by
the
conquest
of
the
Cavaliers
,
that
they
might
bee
exempted
and
free'd
from
such
great
mischiefs
.
The
fault
of
not
concluding
,
either
by
a
firm
peace
,
or
an
open
war
,
they
imputed
to
the
Commissioners
of
the
Kingdom
;
who
to
enrich
themselvs
,
and
becaus
they
would
not
bee
brought
to
an
account
of
one
hundred
and
fiftie
thousand
Duckets
,
which
they
had
received
,
were
glad
to
keep
things
from
a
conclusion
;
of
which
Valladolid
having
suffered
the
most
of
any
place
,
and
which
had
been
at
the
greatest
expences
,
was
most
sensible
,
and
did
exceedingly
lament
.
To
say
the
truth
on
both
sides
,
as
well
of
the
Cavaliers
,
as
of
the
Commonalties
,
there
was
trouble
and
hard
measure
enough
.
In
Montealegre
the
Bishop
of
Osma
,
and
the
Earl
Don
Hernando
,
put
a
great
number
of
the
Toledian
souldiers
to
t●e
rout
,
beeing
there
with
their
Captains
,
swaggering
and
rioting
,
and
never
suspecting
to
bee
surprised
by
the
Enemie
.
They
killed
som
of
them
that
made
resistance
,
and
carried
near
two
hundred
prisoners
to
Rioseco
.
Thus
both
parties
studied
to
weaken
&
ruine
each
other
,
and
betwixt
them
consumed
the
whole
Countrie
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
kept
his
Court
in
Torrelobaton
,
like
another
Annibal
in
Capua
.
Upon
a
Mundaie
,
the
8
of
April
,
all
the
people
of
Valladolid
rose
up
in
a
tumultuous
manner
,
beeing
wearied
out
with
those
of
the
Iunta
,
and
discontented
at
their
secret
and
long
consultations
,
without
concluding
any
thing
.
In
this
disorder
they
went
seeking
them
from
place
to
place
,
beeing
fully
resolved
to
turn
them
out
of
the
Citie
,
or
know
of
them
the
reason
of
their
delaies
;
for
the
dammage
which
they
daily
receiv'd
from
those
of
Simancas
was
insufferable
.
There
was
no
trading
at
all
,
every
thing
grew
so
excessive
dear
,
that
a
bushel
of
wheat
was
worth
eight
hundred
Maravediz
.
The
people
flocked
in
multitudes
to
the
great
Church
,
where
the
Deputies
,
with
the
Captains
of
the
Citie
,
were
assembled
,
with
loud
voices
,
and
lamentable
cries
,
beseeching
them
to
seek
som
remedie
,
for
their
miserie
was
insupportable
,
desiring
them
moreover
,
to
let
them
know
the
reason
,
why
the
war
was
so
procrastinated
,
and
urging
,
that
fiftie
daies
were
past
without
any
action
of
war
,
neither
could
their
imaginations
reach
to
what
they
intended
.
The
Officers
answered
them
,
That
the
occasion
of
those
demurres
was
,
the
often
going
to
,
and
coming
from
Tordesillas
about
the
Treatie
of
Peace
with
the
Cavaliers
,
bidding
them
return
quietly
to
their
houses
,
and
before
night
they
should
know
particularly
all
the
circumstances
and
passages
of
the
business
.
Whereupon
the
people
praied
them
to
consider
well
what
they
did
,
and
not
to
let
them
suffer
any
further
detriment
,
or
bee
burthened
with
any
more
expences
,
for
within
less
then
seven
months
they
had
dis-bursed
above
one
hundred
thousand
and
five
hundred
Duckets
,
besides
other
charges
and
losses
,
which
they
had
sustained
beyond
number
,
yet
they
did
grudg
none
of
all
this
,
if
they
could
close
up
their
miseries
with
peace
,
or
revenge
themselvs
by
war
,
and
that
they
might
bee
permitted
to
fall
upon
Simancas
and
Tordesillas
;
for
nothing
grieved
them
so
much
,
as
that
they
could
not
have
their
wills
on
them
.
Towards
the
Evening
,
the
people
of
every
Ward
beeing
called
together
,
they
were
shewed
certain
Articles
which
two
Commissioners
of
the
Iunta
had
concluded
with
the
Governors
,
and
brought
from
Tordesillas
;
the
substance
of
them
beeing
according
to
the
contents
of
the
General
Articles
of
the
Kingdom
,
specified
at
large
already
,
I
shall
spare
to
trouble
the
Reader
with
a
second
relation
.
SECT.
XV.
THe
people
having
perused
these
Articles
,
would
by
no
means
approve
of
them
,
nor
consent
to
any
agreement
,
alleging
,
that
what
the
Cavalier
promised
therein
was
not
sufficient
,
neither
was
it
certain
to
bee
performed
,
for
they
had
no
warrant
from
his
Majestie
so
especial
,
as
a
business
of
that
consequence
did
require
;
besides
,
they
refused
to
give
any
pledges
,
or
deliver
any
strong
holds
into
the
Commonaltie's
possession
for
their
securitie
.
And
since
the
conditions
they
offered
them
were
neither
good
nor
sure
,
they
would
have
no
Peace
,
but
War
with
them
:
in
regard
they
found
no
securitie
of
their
persons
or
lives
without
it
.
The
Commissioners
and
Captains
,
seeing
all
the
people
fully
determined
and
bent
to
give
the
Cavaliers
battle
,
and
either
live
with
libertie
,
or
end
their
miseries
with
death
,
(
most
of
them
beeing
of
the
same
opinion
,
deeming
that
to
bee
their
onely
safe
way
)
cherish'd
them
in
that
resolution
,
presently
giving
order
to
all
the
people
of
Valladolid
to
bee
in
a
readiness
,
all
the
Artillerie
to
bee
prepared
and
fitted
to
carrie
into
the
field
:
the
like
was
done
through
all
the
Cities
and
Towns
of
the
Commonaltie
,
every
Commissioner
repairing
to
his
own
Citie
and
Town
to
that
purpose
:
Thus
they
intended
in
one
daie
to
end
all
their
troubles
,
and
that
this
last
bout
should
paie
for
all
their
delaies
and
triflings
,
whereby
they
had
ruined
themselvs
,
and
given
the
Cavaliers
time
to
recruit
and
strengthen
their
Partie
.
SECT.
XVI
.
ONe
night
,
whilest
these
things
were
thus
in
agitation
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
by
order
of
those
of
the
Iunta
,
came
privately
to
Valladolid
,
and
after
they
had
consulted
with
him
concerning
things
necessarie
for
the
present
expedition
,
hee
returned
immediately
to
Torrelobaton
,
to
secure
the
Artillerie
which
was
there
,
having
intelligence
that
the
Cavaliers
in
Tordesillas
had
a
design
to
surprise
it
.
Order
was
given
to
rais
him
two
thousand
Foot
well
armed
,
with
two
hundred
Lances
in
Valladolid
,
and
two
pieces
of
Ordnance
,
for
two
purposes
;
the
one
,
to
demol●sh
Torrelobaton
,
which
hee
did
afterwards
;
the
other
,
to
give
the
Lord
High
Constable
battle
,
before
hee
could
join
his
forces
with
the
rest
.
For
those
from
Valladolid
,
with
the
two
thousand
which
hee
had
in
Torrelobaton
,
and
those
which
hee
exspected
hourly
from
Salamanca
,
Toro
,
and
Zamora
,
(
who
were
six
thousand
Foot
,
and
two
hundred
lances
)
besides
two
thousand
five
hundred
from
Palencia
,
fifteen
hundred
from
Duen̄as
,
four
hundred
from
Palacios
,
and
others
from
the
Beherrias
and
Merindades
,
would
make
him
an
Armie
of
fourteen
thousand
.
But
those
of
Valladolid
were
so
long
before
they
could
bee
in
fit
equipage
to
march
,
and
the
other
Towns
and
Cities
not
sending
in
their
supplies
time
enough
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
could
not
execute
his
design
against
the
Lord
high
Constable
;
who
(
as
you
have
heard
)
took
Vezerril
,
and
marched
into
Rioseco
with
four
thousand
Foot
,
six
hundred
lances
,
three
or
four
pieces
of
Artillerie
,
&c.
So
that
,
through
the
weakness
and
want
of
care
of
the
Commoners
Captains
,
hee
soon
after
set
a
period
to
that
so
miserably
contentious
and
destructive
War
.
The
Cavaliers
on
the
one
partie
,
and
the
Cities
for
the
Commonaltie
on
the
other
,
raised
all
the
force
they
could
possibly
for
this
expedition
.
The
Citie
of
Palencia
sent
six
hundred
men
and
two
pieces
of
Ordnance
.
Duen̄as
four
hundred
men
and
two
pieces
of
Ordnance
.
Baltanas
de
Cerrato
two
hundred
.
Those
of
Segovia
,
Avila
,
and
Leon
came
not
;
Salamanca
made
good
the
number
before
mentioned
.
All
these
were
without
any
discipline
or
experience
in
Martial
affairs
,
and
amongst
their
Officers
there
was
such
emulations
,
every
one
standing
so
upon
their
punctillio's
of
honor
,
each
Captain
would
bee
chief
,
scorning
to
receiv
orders
from
any
other
:
In
a
word
,
they
were
ill
bred
people
,
possessed
with
no
less
ignorance
then
unadvisedness
▪
The
Merchants
,
and
other
Citizens
of
Valladolid
,
seeing
the
●●siness
brought
to
the
push
,
and
the
people
resolved
to
decide
●●eir
difference
with
the
sword
,
fearing
or
doubting
the
event
,
ca●●ied
all
their
goods
and
Merchandises
into
Monasteries
,
having
shut
up
all
their
ware-houses
and
shops
,
and
laid
all
other
trading
aside
,
onely
for
matter
of
arms
,
every
one
providing
himself
the
best
hee
could
.
The
poorer
sort
of
people
beeing
ready
to
starv
,
made
lamentable
complaints
in
the
streets
,
crying
out
to
God
for
mercie
,
and
to
releas
them
out
of
those
calamities
,
though
it
were
with
the
loss
of
their
lives
.
They
feared
the
power
of
the
Cavaliers
,
who
had
an
Armie
of
two
thousand
Lances
,
and
seven
thousand
Foot
,
of
the
choicest
men
in
the
Kingdom
,
all
well
armed
,
and
in
good
order
,
with
stout
and
experienced
Officers
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Earl
of
Haro
,
who
with
great
Vigilancie
,
answerable
to
his
Courage
,
executed
the
place
of
Captain
General
.
SECT.
XVII
.
THe
Lord
High
Constable
marched
out
of
Rioseco
towards
Tordesillas
,
the
19th
of
April
,
1521
,
to
join
with
the
rest
of
the
Cavaliers
,
where
hee
was
exceedingly
desired
.
Beeing
com
to
Pen̄aflor
near
Torrelobaton
,
hee
there
took
up
quarters
for
his
forces
:
wence
hee
went
to
Tordesillas
,
where
hee
was
received
with
extraordinarie
expressions
of
joie
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
was
yet
in
Torrelobaton
,
with
eight
thousand
Foot
,
five
hundred
Lances
,
and
the
Artille●ie
of
Medina
del
Campo
,
exspecting
more
supplies
from
the
other
Cities
,
which
,
by
their
ill
management
and
slackness
,
were
not
com
to
him
;
And
the
thousand
men
from
Palencia
and
Duen̄as
were
also
hindered
from
joining
with
him
,
by
reason
of
the
Lord
High
Constable's
beeing
at
Pen̄aflor
;
Tortosa
,
Don
Bernardo
de
Sandoval
,
Marquis
of
Denia
,
with
his
troop
of
Hors
,
Don
Diego
de
Rojas
,
Lord
of
Santiago
de
la
Puebla
with
his
,
and
as
many
companies
of
Foot
,
which
was
sufficient
,
the
walls
of
the
Town
beeing
in
very
good
repair
.
They
presently
dispatched
orders
to
those
in
garrison
at
Portillo
,
to
com
to
the
Rande-vous
;
and
to
the
Earl
of
On̄ate
to
staie
with
his
Hors
in
Simancas
,
to
hinder
Valladolid
from
sending
any
succor
to
Iohn
de
Padilla
.
This
done
,
the
Earl
of
Haro
having
given
command
over-night
to
have
his
men
in
a
readiness
,
the
next
morning
they
all
marched
to
Pen̄aflor
,
where
they
reposed
that
night
,
beeing
Sundaie
.
Mundaie
by
break
of
daie
,
becaus
they
would
lose
no
time
,
the
Governors
,
and
the
Captain
General
drew
all
their
forces
into
the
field
,
which
amounted
to
about
seven
thousand
Foot
,
and
two
thousand
four
hundred
Hors
,
besides
som
Noblemen
and
Gentlemen
of
the
greatest
qualitie
in
Castilla
.
That
daie
they
did
nothing
but
muster
their
men
,
sending
in
mean
time
som
Light-horsmen
to
discover
in
what
posture
Iohn
de
Padilla
was
in
Torrelobaton
;
for
they
were
generally
of
opinion
to
besiege
him
so
close
,
that
hee
might
not
go
thence
without
giving
them
battle
;
and
they
made
no
question
of
worsting
him
,
their
Armie
exceeding
his
,
if
not
in
number
,
in
goodness
and
valor
of
the
men
.
With
this
resolution
they
returned
to
their
quarters
.
SECT.
XVIII
.
JOhn
de
Padilla
,
and
the
other
Captains
,
understanding
the
advantage
the
Cavaliers
would
have
of
them
in
the
field
,
durst
not
encounter
them
,
and
fearing
to
bee
besieged
,
they
began
,
too
late
,
to
bee
sensible
of
their
own
carelesness
or
imprudence
,
in
staying
so
long
at
Torrelobaton
;
and
thinking
their
safest
cours
would
bee
to
march
secretly
thence
,
assoon
as
possibly
they
could
,
and
make
no
staie
until
they
arrived
at
Toro
,
where
they
might
remain
securely
until
the
succors
came
to
them
from
Zamora
,
Leon
,
Salamanca
,
and
the
other
Cities
,
(
whereof
they
were
in
daily
exspectation
)
or
go
from
thence
to
Salamanca
,
as
they
saw
occasion
;
they
resolved
so
to
do
.
Whereupon
a
certain
Priest
sitting
at
the
table
with
him
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
from
encountering
the
Cavaliers
.
thus
said
,
Sir
!
I
have
seen
a
Prophecie
in
which
is
declared
that
the
Commonalties
shall
this
daie
bee
vanquished
,
and
the
Cavaliers
remain
victorious
,
therefore
I
beseech
you
Sir
,
depart
not
this
daie
from
Torr●lobaton
.
Whereunto
Iohn
de
Padilla
made
this
answer
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
was
at
break-fast
.
Which
done
,
his
Armie
marched
out
with
all
silence
possible
,
and
in
good
order
,
the
Artillerie
in
the
Van
,
his
Foot
divided
into
two
squadrons
,
and
hee
bringing
up
the
rear
with
the
hors
.
The
Governors
and
their
Captain
General
soon
had
intelligence
of
Iohn
de
Padilla's
march
,
and
presently
made
after
him
three
several
waies
,
whom
without
any
great
difficultie
they
took
prisoner
,
and
routed
all
his
Armie
.
The
manner
of
their
fight
is
diversly
reported
by
several
Authors
,
but
one
(
who
saie's
hee
was
a
spectator
thereof
)
relate's
it
thus
:
That
upon
St
George's
daie
,
the
Cavaliers
having
notice
of
Iohn
de
Padilla's
departure
from
Torrelobaton
towards
Toro
,
they
sallied
out
upon
him
from
three
several
places
,
those
of
Tordesillas
charged
his
Armie
in
the
Van
,
those
of
Medina
de
Rioseco
in
the
Rear
,
and
those
of
Simancas
falling
desperately
in
upon
the
Flanks
,
put
all
in
disorder
.
The
Commoners
marched
until
they
came
neer
Villalar
,
in
very
good
order
,
and
the
Cavaliers
were
of
several
opinions
concerning
the
giving
of
them
battle
▪
Some
said
it
was
enough
to
make
them
flie
,
and
lose
their
credits
;
and
that
it
was
wisdom
not
to
put
a
business
of
such
importance
to
the
hazard
of
one
battle
.
That
their
Foot
was
very
numerous
,
and
in
appearance
good
:
that
those
which
the
Lord
high
Constable
brought
,
were
but
few
and
much
harassed
,
besides
if
they
miscarried
in
this
enterprise
,
their
hopes
were
all
destroied
with
their
forces
.
But
the
Marquis
of
Astorga
,
the
Earl
of
Alva
,
&
Don
Diego
de
Toledo
insisted
with
much
eagerness
to
charge
them
,
&
their
voices
carrying
it
against
the
more
timorous
partie
,
they
did
make
after
them
:
Who
having
great
store
of
excellent
hors
,
&
I.
de
Padilla's
men
being
ill
disciplin'd
,
besides
the
waies
being
so
deep
that
they
could
hardly
march
,
&
seeing
the
enemie
advance
towards
them
in
great
bodies
several
waies
,
their
courage
began
to
fail
,
yet
their
Captains
animated
them
all
they
could
.
The
Cavaliers
follow'd
them
stil
in
this
manner
,
their
hors
skirmishing
now
&
then
with
them
,
until
they
came
neer
Villalar
,
where
,
having
got
within
shot
of
them
,
they
let
flie
their
Ordnance
amongst
their
ranks
(
who
march'd
very
close
)
which
kill'd
them
by
heaps
.
This
made
their
hearts
fal
to
their
heels
,
&
for
hast
to
get
into
the
town
,
they
ran
one
over
the
other
,
notwithstanding
all
their
officer's
endeavors
to
keep
them
in
order
,
&
for
their
further
misfortune
there
fel
so
fierce
a
shower
of
rain
,
that
the
Foot
stuck
fast
,
engaged
in
the
mire
to
the
very
knees
,
neither
could
they
make
any
use
of
their
Artillerie
,
partly
by
reason
of
the
ill
wether
,
&
partly
through
the
baseness
of
their
gunners
,
the
chief
wherof
nam'd
Saldan̄a
,
a
native
of
Toledo
not
wel
understanding
his
office
,
fled
awaie
,
&
left
the
Artillerie
in
a
plowed
field
.
Don
Pedro
Maldonad●'s
with
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
to
betraie
the
Artillerie
.
Although
some
have
reported
that
Don
Pedro
Maldonado
dealt
privatly
with
the
gunners
,
so
to
engage
the
Ordnance
,
that
they
should
do
no
execution
against
the
Cavaliers
,
having
so
promised
his
Uncle
,
the
Earl
of
Venavente
,
who
had
made
him
sensible
of
his
error
.
However
it
was
,
the
Cavaliers
seized
upon
all
their
Artillerie
,
and
divers
of
Iohn
de
Padilla's
men
both
Hors
and
Foot
,
saved
themselvs
by
coming
to
them
,
having
first
changed
their
red
crosses
into
white
ones
,
which
was
the
sign
of
the
Loial
Partie
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
expressed
a
great
deal
of
courage
and
valour
in
his
own
person
,
and
seeing
his
game
quite
lost
,
hee
,
with
five
Horsmen
more
,
charged
into
the
Earl
of
Venavente's
troop
,
and
beeing
known
to
bee
the
General
of
the
other
Partie
by
the
richness
of
his
Armor
,
Io●n
de
Padilla
.
was
presently
encountred
by
Don
Pedro
Baçan
,
Lord
of
Valduerna
,
native
of
Valladolid
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
was
in
complete
Armor
,
and
bore
in
his
hand
a
Lance
all
plated
with
iron
,
wherewith
meeting
Don
Pedro
Baçan
(
who
was
a
corpulent
heavie
man
,
and
but
slightly
armed
)
him
hee
gave
so
rude
a
salutation
,
that
hee
was
soon
unhors't
:
Iohn
de
Padilla
still
charged
on
,
crying
,
Santjago
,
Libertad
,
(
which
was
the
Commoner's
word
,
and
the
Cavalier's
word
was
,
Santa
Maria
y
Carlos
)
at
last
hee
broke
his
Lan●e
to
the
cost
of
som
of
his
enemies
,
after
which
Don
Alonso
de
la
Cueva
singled
him
out
,
and
having
wounded
him
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
taken
prisoner
.
bade
him
deliver
his
Arms
,
which
hee
did
.
Beeing
thus
a
prisoner
,
Don
Iohn
de
Ulloa
,
a
Gentleman
of
Toro
,
came
riding
up
,
and
asking
who
that
was
,
som
told
him
that
't
was
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
whereupon
hee
gave
him
a
cut
over
the
Bever
,
and
hurt
his
nose
,
but
not
much
,
for
which
hee
was
mightily
condemned
by
all
that
saw
or
heard
of
that
ungentleman-like
action
.
So
John
de
Padilla
was
dismounted
,
and
remained
Prisoner
.
John
Bravo
,
Captain
of
the
Segovians
(
who
would
also
signalize
himself
)
was
likewise
taken
:
and
Francisco
Maldonado
,
Captain
of
the
Salamanca
forces
,
had
the
like
destinie
;
but
his
men
having
all
forsaken
him
,
hee
was
catch't
running
after
them
as
hard
as
hee
could
.
The
Cavaliers
spent
all
the
rest
of
that
daie
in
wounding
,
killing
,
and
taking
,
having
the
pursuit
of
their
enemies
two
long
leagues
and
a
half
.
Many
dying
men
desired
to
make
their
confessions
,
but
there
was
no
bodie
would
assist
them
,
nor
take
any
compalsion
of
their
condition
,
which
was
a
lamentable
spectacle
,
beeing
all
Christians
,
friends
,
and
kindred
.
The
Cavaliers
beeing
masters
of
the
field
,
stript
all
both
living
and
dead
,
sharing
the
spoil
equally
amongst
themselvs
.
John
de
Padilla
would
oft
bemoan
his
sad
misfortune
,
saying
,
If
,
after
the
taking
of
Torrelobaton
,
hee
had
followed
on
his
victorie
,
hee
should
never
have
been
reduced
to
so
deplorable
a
condition
,
which
was
very
true
;
for
by
his
staying
two
months
there
,
the
Cavaliers
cunningly
delaied
the
time
with
Cessations
,
until
they
had
so
strengthened
their
Partie
,
that
they
over-powered
him
.
But
the
All-seeing
Providence
disposed
it
otherwise
.
At
first
,
the
Commonalties
hearing
that
their
Armie
was
routed
,
and
John
de
Padilla
taken
,
gave
out
,
that
it
was
som
plot
or
treacherie
of
his
to
lose
the
battle
,
laying
many
other
things
of
this
nature
to
his
charge
,
but
they
were
better
satisfied
of
his
realitie
to
their
Caus
▪
when
they
saw
hee
lost
his
head
for
it
.
SECT.
XIX
.
THe
next
morning
betimes
,
the
Governors
commanded
Don
Pedro
de
la
Cueva
to
convoy
the
prisoners
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
Don
Pedro
Maldonado
,
Francisco
Maldonado
,
&
Iohn
Bravo
to
the
Castle
of
Villalva
.
While
they
were
preparing
to
go
,
Iohn
de
Padilla
asked
Don
Pedro
,
whither
hee
was
commanded
to
carrie
them
;
who
answered
him
,
That
for
the
present
they
were
to
go
to
Villalva
,
whither
afterwards
hee
knew
not
.
Soon
after
they
were
sent
for
thence
to
Villalar
,
and
put
into
a
hous
,
with
a
good
guard
upon
them
.
The
Governors
beeing
infomed
of
their
arrival
there
,
gave
order
that
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
Iohn
Bravo
,
and
Don
Pedro
Maldonado
should
bee
beheaded
,
and
Francisco
Maldonado
carried
to
the
Castle
of
Tordesillas
:
But
as
hee
was
on
the
waie
thither
,
a
messenger
overtook
him
from
the
Governors
,
who
told
Malbaseda
,
Lievtenant
to
Don
Diego
Hurtado
de
Mendoça
,
(
who
had
the
charge
of
him
)
that
hee
should
bring
Francisco
Maldonado
back
again
to
execution
,
Don
Pedro
M●ldonado
was
s●ved
for
be●raying
the
Ar●●●●erie
.
for
the
Earl
of
Venavente
had
desired
them
not
to
behead
Don
Pedro
Maldonado
in
his
presence
,
beeing
his
Nephew
.
And
becaus
it
had
been
divulged
,
that
Don
Pedro
Maldonado
should
bee
beheaded
,
which
at
the
Earl's
entreatie
was
countermanded
,
the
Lords
had
Voted
that
Francisco
Maldonado
should
bee
executed
in
his
place
.
So
hee
beeing
returned
,
the
Governors
sent
for
the
Alcalde
of
the
Chancerie
of
Valladolid
,
Commanding
him
to
execute
Justice
upon
the
persons
of
Iohn
de
Padella
,
Iohn
Bravo
,
and
Francisco
Maldonado
.
The
Alcalde
presently
went
to
the
hous
where
they
were
prisoners
,
and
bade
them
prepare
themselvs
,
for
the
Governors
had
given
order
for
their
executions
.
Iohn
de
Padilla
desired
him
to
send
him
a
learned
Priest
to
confess
him
,
and
a
Notarie
to
make
his
Will
,
and
som
witnesses
.
The
Alcalde
replied
,
That
in
the
place
where
they
then
were
,
hee
could
not
exspect
to
finde
any
men
of
extraordinarie
learning
,
yet
hee
would
enquire
,
and
if
hee
could
finde
one
,
hee
would
satisfie
his
desire
therein
:
but
as
for
a
Notarie
to
make
his
Will
,
hee
need
not
trouble
himself
,
for
all
his
goods
and
estate
were
Confiscate
.
In
the
condemnation
of
these
Gentlemen
,
there
was
no
process
,
nor
formal
proceeding
made
,
as
used
to
bee
in
other
criminal
causes
,
by
reason
of
the
evidence
of
the
fact
,
and
the
qualitie
of
the
offence
.
At
last
a
Priest
was
sent
to
them
,
and
Iohn
de
Padilla
beeing
at
Confession
,
a
Franciscan
Frier
came
,
who
was
thought
an
abler
man
,
so
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
and
the
rest
,
made
use
of
him
.
Their
Confessions
beeing
ended
,
they
were
brought
forth
and
carried
upon
Mules
to
the
place
of
Execution
.
Before
them
went
a
Crier
,
saying
,
This
is
the
Justice
which
his
Majestie
,
and
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
with
the
other
Governors
,
do
command
in
his
name
to
bee
executed
upon
the
persons
of
these
Gentl●men
,
Their
command
is
,
that
they
shall
bee
beheaded
as
Traitors
,
disturbers
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
usurpers
of
the
Roial
Crown
,
&c.
The
said
Alcalde
Zarate
,
and
the
Licenciado
Cornejo
Alcalde
de
Corte
went
along
with
them
to
autorise
the
execution
of
the
Justice
.
J●hn
Bra●o
.
John
Bravo
hearing
the
Crier
saie
that
they
were
to
suffer
for
beeing
Traitors
,
hee
replied
,
Hangman
!
thou
liest
,
and
those
that
bid
thee
saie
so
,
we
are
no
Traitors
,
but
zealous
for
the
publick
good
,
and
defendors
of
the
Kingdom
's
liberties
.
Hereupon
the
Alcalde
Cornejo
bid
John
Bravo
hold
his
peace
;
whereunto
John
Bravo
answered
,
I
know
not
what
,
and
the
Alcalde
gave
him
a
punch
in
the
breast
with
his
staff
,
wishing
him
to
consider
his
present
condition
,
and
not
affect
such
vanities
.
And
John
de
Padilla
said
moreover
to
him
,
John
de
Padilla
.
Sen̄or
John
Bravo
,
yesterday
was
the
time
to
fight
,
and
shew
your self
a
valiant
Gentleman
,
this
daie
to
die
like
a
Christian.
So
the
Crier
continued
his
lesson
until
they
came
to
the
place
of
execution
,
where
being
arrived
,
they
all
alighted
from
their
Mules
to
receiv
the
fatal
blow
.
John
Bravo
beeing
first
called
to
execution
,
they
bid
him
bend
and
settle
himself
in
a
fit
posture
;
hee
replied
,
That
they
might
force
him
,
if
they
would
,
and
so
they
did
,
seizing
on
him
,
and
stretching
him
upon
a
carpet
,
which
done
,
the
Hangman
cut
his
throat
,
and
would
do
no
more
,
until
the
Alcalde
Cornejo
commanded
him
to
cut
his
head
quite
off
,
saying
,
Traitors
were
so
to
bee
used
,
and
their
heads
to
bee
set
upon
the
gallows
,
which
was
done
accordingly
.
The
next
beeing
Io●n
de
Padilla's
turn
,
hee
very
willingly
prepared
himself
,
and
having
taken
of
certain
Reliques
,
which
hee
wore
about
his
neck
,
hee
gave
them
to
Don
Enrique
de
Sandoval
y
Rojas
,
(
eldest
son
to
the
Marquis
of
Denia
,
who
amongst
other
Gentlemen
men
was
standing
with
him
)
praying
him
to
wear
them
whil'st
the
war
lasted
,
which
beeing
ended
,
hee
desired
him
to
send
them
to
his
wife
Don̄a
Maria
Pacheco
.
Iohn
Bravo's
bodie
lying
by
,
to
which
hee
said
onely
thus
,
Are
you
there
good
Gentleman
?
and
presently
his
head
was
cut
off
like
Iohn
Bravo's
.
Soon
after
,
Francisco
Maldonado
beeing
brought
forth
,
was
executed
in
the
same
manner
,
which
done
,
their
heads
were
set
upon
several
nails
over
the
place
of
execution
,
so
the
Justice
ceased
for
that
time
,
and
those
Gentlemen's
cares
were
ended
.
A
Gentleman
of
the
Loyal
Partie
,
the
daie
before
the
battle
,
wrote
a
letter
to
one
of
the
contrarie
opinion
,
telling
him
,
that
now
the
business
was
brought
to
such
a
push
,
that
there
was
nothing
to
bee
thought
on
els
,
but
everie
one
to
stand
upon
his
guard
,
for
whosoever
fell
,
should
bee
sure
to
bear
the
ignominious
brand
of
Traitor
:
As
questionless
it
had
been
;
for
wee
see
all
the
actions
and
exploits
of
this
life
are
more
esteemed
,
and
censured
by
their
successes
and
events
,
then
any
other
waies
.
If
Cortes
had
not
been
fortunate
in
Mexico
,
when
hee
took
Motezuma
,
wee
should
have
said
hee
had
been
a
rash
fool-hardie
fellow
,
but
Fortune
having
crowned
his
valiant
enterprise
with
success
,
all
men
now
applaud
his
gallantrie
,
giving
him
the
attributes
of
Couragious
and
Prudent
.
SECT.
XX.
TO
saie
the
truth
,
in
all
that
I
have
read
of
Iohn
de
Padilla
,
I
finde
him
a
gallant
valerous
Gentleman
,
though
hee
was
engaged
in
that
unfortunate
business
.
It
is
reported
,
that
one
daie
going
to
his
hous
,
very
melancholie
and
dejected
,
hee
said
to
his
wife
,
sitting
on
hors-back
,
and
shee
at
the
window
:
Sen̄ora
,
what
do
you
think
now
of
the
condition
whereunto
you
have
brough●
mee
?
at
which
words
shee
made
answer
,
Bee
of
good
courage
,
for
of
a
poor
Esquire
I
have
made
you
half-King
of
Castilla
.
But
the
Common
People
are
apt
to
saie
manie
things
in
such
like
occurrences
,
wherein
there
's
not
one
word
of
truth
.
In
my
judgment
,
if
there
had
been
any
such
passage
betwixt
him
and
his
wife
,
hee
would
have
expressed
some
discontent
or
anger
in
the
letter
,
which
hee
wrote
to
her
the
same
daie
hee
was
beheaded
:
But
there
was
no
such
thing
mentioned
in
it
,
quite
contrarie
,
hee
expressed
therein
very
much
affection
and
tenderness
to
her
,
seeming
to
bee
more
sensible
of
her
grief
and
sorrow
for
his
sad
fortune
,
then
of
his
own
suffering
.
Besides
his
letter
to
his
wife
,
hee
wrote
another
to
the
Citie
of
Toledo
.
The
contents
were
as
followeth
.
Iohn
de
Padilla's
letter
to
his
wife
.
SEn̄ora
!
If
your
pain
did
not
more
trouble
mee
,
then
the
losing
of
my
life
,
I
should
esteem
my self
entirely
happie
.
For
death
beeing
a
thing
so
certain
to
all
Mortals
,
the
Almightie
sheweth
him
a
singular
favor
whom
hee
honor
's
with
such
an
one
as
mine
,
which
,
though
lamented
by
manie
,
is
doubtless
acceptable
in
his
sight
.
It
would
require
more
time
,
then
what
I
have
,
to
write
you
some
things
for
your
Consolation
,
but
that
cannot
bee
allowed
mee
,
neither
do
I
desire
to
deferre
the
reception
of
that
Crown
,
which
I
hope
to
enjoy
.
You
maie
,
like
a
discreet
woman
,
bewail
your
own
misfortune
,
but
not
my
death
,
for
beeing
so
just
,
it
ought
not
to
bee
lamented
by
any
:
My
soul
,
since
nothing
els
is
left
me
,
I
bequeath
to
you
,
desiring
you
to
entertain
it
,
as
the
thing
which
most
affected
you
.
I
do
not
write
to
Pedro
Lopez
my
father
,
becaus
I
dare
not
,
for
though
I
was
his
Son
in
daring
to
lose
my
life
,
I
was
not
heir
to
his
good
fortune
.
I
will
not
extend
my self
any
further
,
becaus
I
will
not
trouble
the
Executioner
to
waite
,
nor
give
waie
for
any
one
to
suspect
,
that
to
prolong
my
life
I
enlarge
my
letter
.
My
servant
Sossa
beeing
an
eie-witness
of
my
end
,
and
to
whom
I
have
communicated
the
secret
of
my
intentions
,
shall
tell
you
what
cannot
bee
expressed
herein
,
and
so
I
rest
,
exspecting
the
instrument
of
your
sorrow
and
my
comfort
.
Iohn
de
Padilla's
letter
to
the
Citie
of
Toledo
.
TO
Thee
,
the
Crown
of
Spain
,
and
glorie
of
the
whole
World
,
free
since
the
time
of
the
mightie
Goths
;
to
Thee
,
who
by
the
effusion
of
the
blood
of
strangers
,
aswell
as
of
thine
own
,
hast
recovered
libertie
for
thy self
and
thy
neighbouring
Cities
:
I
John
de
Padilla
,
thy
legitimate
Son
,
now
give
thee
an
account
how
by
the
blood
of
my
bodie
,
thy
former
Victories
are
refreshed
.
If
fortune
hath
not
suffered
my
actions
to
bee
Chronicled
amongst
thy
memorable
exploits
,
the
fault
was
in
my
destinie
,
not
in
my
good
will
:
Which
as
a
mother
,
I
desire
Thee
to
accept
,
since
God
hath
given
mee
nothing
els
to
lose
for
Thee
,
but
what
I
have
adventured
.
I
am
more
aggrieved
for
Thy
resentment
,
then
my
own
life
.
But
Thou
must
consider
these
are
but
the
turns
of
fortune's
Wheel
,
which
never
standeth
still
.
This
is
my
contentment
and
consolation
,
that
I
,
the
meanest
of
Thy
children
,
do
suffer
death
for
Thee
;
and
that
Thou
hast
nourished
at
thy
brests
such
as
may
take
satisfaction
for
my
wrongs
.
Many
tongues
,
doubtless
,
will
busie
themselvs
in
the
relation
of
my
death
,
which
as
yet
I
know
not
my self
,
though
it
bee
very
neere
:
My
end
will
give
Thee
a
testimonie
of
my
desire
.
My
soul
I
recommend
to
Thee
,
as
the
Patroness
of
Christianitie
,
of
my
bodie
I
make
no
account
,
since
it
is
no
more
mine
,
neither
can
I
write
any
more
,
for
at
this
very
instant
,
I
feel
the
knife
at
my
throat
,
with
a
greater
sens
of
Thy
displeasure
,
then
apprehension
of
my
pain
.
SECT.
XXI
.
THe
Victorie
beeing
obteined
at
Villalar
,
and
the
Commoners
Armie
quite
routed
,
presently
dispatches
were
sent
post
to
the
Emperor
,
giving
him
account
of
this
good
fortune
:
And
the
Earl
of
Haro
,
as
Captain
General
,
wrote
a
particular
relation
to
the
Emperor
of
all
the
passages
,
which
hee
receiving
at
Bruxels
,
the
eighth
of
Julie
,
hee
answered
,
saying
,
That
although
by
other
Letters
,
of
the
24
April
,
hee
had
intelligence
of
the
vanquishing
and
punishing
of
those
Traitors
,
(
for
so
hee
called
them
)
yet
hee
was
better
satisfied
to
receiv
it
from
his
hand
,
thanking
him
very
much
for
all
that
hee
had
done
in
order
to
his
service
,
and
for
the
affection
and
zeal
which
hee
expressed
towards
him
in
that
emploiment
;
promising
,
at
his
return
into
that
Kingdom
,
to
gratifie
him
according
to
the
merit
of
his
extraordinarie
services
;
hoping
,
that
by
his
endeavors
hee
should
finde
means
to
settle
the
whole
Kingdom
,
which
hee
particularly
encharged
him
to
use
all
his
vigilance
and
industrie
to
procure
:
And
chiefly
hee
recommended
to
his
care
the
War
of
Navarra
,
which
was
of
so
great
importance
,
and
that
hee
would
assure
the
Grandees
and
Gentlemen
which
had
engaged
in
his
service
,
that
at
his
return
hee
would
gratifie
their
Loialties
according
to
their
qualities
and
deserts
.
The
Commoners
forces
beeing
all
discomfited
as
wee
have
seen
,
and
their
three
principal
Captains
executed
,
those
of
the
Iunta
,
who
were
in
Valladolid
,
fled
away
,
and
all
was
of
a
sudden
blown
up
like
smoke
in
the
aër
.
Within
three
daies
after
,
the
Cavalier's
whole
Armie
marched
to
Simancas
,
and
quartered
in
Towns
all
about
Valladolid
,
intending
to
fall
upon
that
Citie
,
and
treat
them
as
such
open
enemies
did
deserv
.
But
first
,
beeing
numerous
enough
,
they
possessed
all
the
Towns
and
Villages
thereabouts
,
and
stopt
up
all
the
Avenues
,
suffering
no
provisions
to
bee
carried
in
to
them
.
Whereupon
the
most
valiant
and
violent
of
all
the
people
began
to
bee
crest-fallen
:
Others
that
had
(
as
much
as
they
durst
)
opposed
those
past
Commotions
,
seeing
the
Governors
victorious
and
powerful
,
declared
themselvs
.
There
was
no
Captain
nor
Commander
left
in
the
Citie
.
Whereupon
to
make
short
,
and
prevent
a
Summons
,
they
thought
their
onely
way
was
,
to
yield
themselvs
upon
good
conditions
,
which
they
hoped
the
Lord
Admiral
(
though
much
offended
)
out
of
compassion
and
affection
to
that
Citie
,
would
grant
them
.
In
which
resolution
they
sent
som
religious
men
,
and
persons
of
respect
,
with
much
submission
and
humble
acknowledgment
of
their
faults
,
to
desire
mercie
and
pardon
of
the
Lord
Admiral
:
Who
at
first
shewed
himself
very
much
displeased
and
unwilling
to
hearken
to
their
desires
,
saying
,
Hee
ought
,
and
would
make
an
example
aswel
of
the
principal
offendors
,
as
of
the
Common
people
.
The
Souldiers
,
who
exspected
notable
plunder
,
their
fingers
itching
to
measure
out
the
silks
and
velvets
with
their
Pikes
,
(
as
they
bragg'd
they
would
)
were
mad
becaus
the
word
of
command
,
To
fall
on
and
enter
the
Citie
,
was
so
long
a
giving
out
;
which
the
Inhabitants
knowing
,
every
one
secured
their
commodities
the
best
they
could
.
But
by
God's
help
,
and
the
indulgence
of
the
Governors
,
a
Peace
and
pardon
was
concluded
and
proclaimed
in
the
market
places
and
streets
of
Valladolid
,
with
great
acclamations
of
joie
,
and
sound
of
Trumpets
,
Drums
,
and
other
musical
instruments
:
All
the
Inhabitans
beeing
exempted
from
personal
punishment
,
confiscation
,
or
loss
of
offices
,
excepting
twelv
,
whom
the
Lord
Admiral
should
nominate
,
&
appoint
to
bee
left
out
of
the
Articles
,
to
bee
disposed
of
as
the
Governors
should
think
fitting
;
that
they
might
all
take
notice
,
that
they
had
a
King
and
Lord
,
to
whom
they
owed
obedience
and
service
;
and
such
a
King
as
did
not
seek
after
vengeance
,
or
desire
the
destruction
of
his
Subjects
,
but
to
pardon
them
with
clemencie
,
and
chastise
them
with
mercie
.
SECT.
XXII
.
THe
Citie
of
Valladolid
,
which
had
shewn
so
much
stubbornness
and
obstinacie
not
long
before
,
proclaimed
the
Pardon
with
great
contentment
;
and
thought
they
had
obteined
no
smal
favor
,
to
preserv
their
Town
from
beeing
sacked
,
the
Souldiers
beeing
so
ready
to
make
the
on-set
.
The
●arl
of
Venavente
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Osma
were
great
instruments
of
hindring
the
destruction
of
that
Citie
:
and
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
with
all
the
rest
of
the
Grandees
,
were
very
glad
of
it
,
esteeming
that
the
pacification
of
the
whole
Kingdom
depended
upon
the
surrendering
of
Valladolid
.
Alva
de
Lista
,
the
Earl
of
Salinas
,
the
Earl
of
Aguilar
,
and
the
Marquis
of
Astorga
,
with
all
their
men
splendidly
accoutred
,
besides
divers
Gentlemen
,
and
Foot
souldiers
,
all
in
such
stately
manner
,
that
Valladolid
was
worth
the
seeing
that
daie
:
yet
it
was
observed
,
that
the
people
were
so
stomackful
,
that
neither
man
nor
woman
did
so
much
as
look
ou●
,
or
open
a
window
,
as
if
they
disdained
or
abhorred
to
see
them
,
who
,
four
daies
before
,
were
their
mo●tal
enemies
.
(
Such
are
the
Comedies
and
Tragedies
of
this
life
)
.
How
often
did
the
Cavaliers
desire
Valladolid
to
make
a
●eace
?
what
advantageous
conditions
they
offered
them
?
how
often
did
they
slight
their
favors
?
how
many
scornful
answers
did
they
return
them
?
and
at
last
it
came
to
this
,
that
they
were
constreined
,
though
with
heavie
hearts
,
and
hanging
down
their
h●ads
,
to
receiv
and
treat
in
their
houses
thos●
whom
they
so
ill
affected
.
And
those
of
Valladolid
must
a●knowledg
a
particular
obligation
to
the
Nobilitie
of
Castilla
,
(
whom
they
alwaies
found
ready
to
receiv
them
with
open
arms
,
and
do
them
all
the
good
offices
and
favor
possible
)
aswel
for
this
daie's
favor
,
as
others
,
which
by
their
mediation
the
Kings
of
Spain
have
granted
them
,
notwithstanding
so
great
uproars
and
disorders
as
have
been
committed
in
that
Citie
.
All
the
rigor
that
was
don
at
this
time
in
Valladolid
,
was
the
executing
of
an
Alcalde
,
and
an
Alquazil
of
the
Iunta
,
whom
the
Governors
commanded
to
bee
hanged
,
the
rest
fled
,
though
no
bodie
prosecuted
them
.
SECT.
XXIII
.
THe
rout
of
the
Junta's
Armie
at
Villalor
,
and
the
Justice
●hat
was
executed
upon
the
Gentlemen
there
,
with
the
surrendring
of
Valladolid
,
and
the
favor
which
the
Governors
shewed
them
,
beeing
noised
through
the
Kingdom
,
the
other
Cities
began
to
bee
more
submissive
,
who
before
carried
their
heads
so
high
.
Duen̄as
courted
their
Earl
again
,
whom
they
had
forced
to
leav
the
town
,
rising
up
in
Arms
against
him
.
Palencia
opened
their
gates
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
.
Medina
del
Campo
did
the
same
.
But
Mota
stood
out
a
while
upon
the
defensive
,
yet
at
last
they
were
glad
to
make
their
peace
.
But
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
and
the
Lord
Admiral
were
such
worthie
Noblemen
,
that
they
used
no
acts
of
rigor
in
any
place
,
and
all
those
whom
they
reduced
,
found
themselvs
so
well
with
their
present
condition
,
that
they
held
themselvs
as
redeemed
out
of
thraldom
and
oppression
.
Onely
those
of
Toledo
continued
in
their
willfullness
.
The
Common
People
murthered
two
brothers
,
Biscayners
,
named
Aguirres
,
onely
upon
vain
surmises
and
suspitions
which
they
conceived
of
them
,
yet
they
had
both
been
Captains
under
Ioh●
de
Padilla
.
Notwithstanding
that
the
Prior
of
St
Iuan
,
Don
Antonio
de
Zun̄iga
was
with
his
Armie
in
the
confines
of
that
Citie
;
the
Commoners
with
a
great
bodie
and
some
pieces
of
Ordnance
,
marched
to
a
Castle
called
Almonacid
,
and
continued
battring
it
for
two
daies
,
the
Governor
valorously
defending
it
;
which
the
Prior
hearing
,
presently
gave
command
to
draw
all
his
forces
into
the
field
,
intending
to
give
them
battle
.
But
they
having
intelligence
thereof
,
soon
railed
their
siege
,
and
returned
to
Toledo
,
for
fear
of
beeing
put
to
the
worst
.
Some
daies
after
Don
Alonso
de
Caravajal
,
brother
to
Don
Diego
,
beeing
quartred
with
some
light-hors-men
at
Maxcareque
,
four
leagues
from
Toledo
,
six
hundred
Foot
,
and
fiftie
Hors
sallied
out
of
the
Citie
,
and
taking
by-waies
that
they
might
not
bee
discovered
by
the
Enemie's
Centinels
,
by
break
of
day
they
fell
upon
the
Village
,
surprised
Don
Alonso
and
his
men
,
and
carried
them
all
prisoners
to
Toledo
,
before
any
of
their
partie
could
com
to
rescue
them
.
They
did
several
other
such
exploits
,
and
on
the
other
side
the
Prior
did
them
what
mischief
hee
could
.
The
Governors
were
much
troubled
hereat
,
but
could
not
pass
with
their
Armie
to
Toledo
,
until
they
had
quieted
all
the
old
Castilla
.
But
that
which
put
them
to
the
greatest
plunge
,
Don̄a
Maria
was
,
desiring
to
speak
with
her
;
But
the
people
having
some
intelligence
of
his
designe
,
presently
made
an
Alarme
,
and
came
in
great
multitudes
to
the
Castle
,
where
finding
the
Captain
in
discours
with
Don̄a
Maria
,
they
straight
laid
hands
on
him
,
and
flung
him
out
at
the
window
,
which
beeing
high
,
hee
broke
himself
all
to
peeces
with
the
fall
;
after
this
they
cut
the
throats
of
all
those
that
came
with
him
,
insomuch
that
the
Citie
was
in
greater
disorder
by
this
means
then
before
.
Don
Antonio
de
Zun̄iga
(
who
had
begun
that
enterprise
)
beeing
desirous
to
bring
his
design
to
perfection
,
drew
all
his
forces
out
of
their
Garrisons
,
and
pitcht
his
Camp
before
the
Citie
on
the
one
side
the
River
,
and
Don
Iohn
de
Ribera
had
his
men
quartred
neer
the
Citie
on
the
other
.
Don
Antonio
had
with
him
eight
hundred
lances
,
which
scoured
all
the
Countrie
about
,
and
had
daily
smart
skermishes
with
the
Toledians
,
wherein
divers
fell
on
both
sides
.
In
this
expedition
was
Don
Pedro
de
Guzman
,
third
Son
(
as
you
have
heard
)
to
the
Duke
of
Medina
Sidonia
,
who
beeing
yong
and
full
of
mettle
,
D●n
P●d●o
de
Guzman
so●ely
wounded
and
tak●n
prisoner
●y
the
Tol●dians
.
and
ambitious
to
shew
his
valor
,
engaged
himself
too
far
amongst
the
enemies
,
by
whom
hee
was
taken
close
by
the
Castle
of
San
Sernan
,
so
desperately
wounded
,
that
the
Toledians
were
enfor●'t
to
carrie
him
off
the
field
upon
a
board
,
hee
not
beeing
able
to
go
any
other
waies
.
Don̄a
Maria
Pacheco
,
beeing
at
a
window
in
the
Fort
,
obs●rved
with
great
attention
all
the
passages
of
the
fight
,
and
distinguishing
Don
●ed●o
from
the
rest
,
shee
was
much
taken
with
him
,
seeing
●im
b●have
himself
so
gallantly
;
And
beeing
brought
to
the
Fort
,
shee
went
out
to
receiv
him
,
partly
out
of
respect
to
Don
Pedro's
noble
birth
,
but
chiefly
out
of
a
private
inclination
which
proceeded
from
the
esteem
shee
made
of
his
valor
and
animositie
.
Shee
treated
him
with
much
civility
and
demonstrations
of
affection
,
comme●ding
highly
his
prowess
whereof
her
eies
were
witnesses
,
and
told
him
,
that
his
generositie
was
worthie
of
an
eternal
m●morie
,
onely
this
was
wanting
him
,
that
his
Valor
was
not
emploied
in
the
King's
service
,
and
in
favor
of
the
Citie
of
Toledo
:
(
for
the
Commonalties
pretended
in
all
the
Cities
,
That
whatsoever
they
did
,
was
in
order
to
his
Majesties
service
)
.
Don̄a
Maria
would
suffer
none
of
Don
Pedro's
retinue
to
staie
with
him
,
or
any
bodie
els
to
visit
him
,
neither
would
shee
permit
him
to
write
to
Don
Antonio's
Camp
:
But
treating
him
with
very
great
care
and
complements
,
shee
spared
nothing
that
was
necessarie
for
his
recoverie
:
his
wounds
beeing
throughly
cured
,
shee
endeavored
to
win
him
to
their
side
,
promising
,
that
if
hee
would
renounce
the
other
partie
,
they
would
make
him
General
of
the
forces
of
Toledo
.
But
finding
her
time
lost
in
persuading
him
,
shee
resolved
to
get
him
exchanged
for
other
prisoners
which
Don
Antonio
had
taken
of
the
Toledians
,
which
was
done
;
for
the
better
effecting
whereof
,
those
of
Toledo
gave
Don
Pedro
his
Parolle
for
eight
daies
,
to
go
to
his
Uncle's
Armie
,
having
made
him
swear
first
,
that
hee
would
return
again
,
in
case
hee
procured
not
the
libertie
of
those
whom
they
demanded
:
Amongst
other
exceptions
which
they
made
him
renounce
in
the
Oath
they
administred
to
him
,
one
was
,
Th●t
hee
should
not
allege
that
those
of
Toledo
were
Traitors
,
and
therefore
hee
was
not
obliged
to
make
good
his
Word
or
Oath
to
them
,
which
was
fulfilled
accordingly
.
The
Citie
was
very
well
provided
for
a
long
time
,
and
they
had
broken
down
all
the
Mills
for
twelv
leag●es
compass
,
that
Don
Antonio's
men
might
have
no
means
●o
grinde
their
corn
.
They
took
all
the
Plate
of
Silver
and
Gold
out
of
the
Cathedral
Church
,
which
beeing
coined
,
did
much
enrich
them
,
and
made
them
so
stout
,
that
they
said
,
They
would
never
consent
to
Peace
,
unless
there
were
first
a
pardon
general
granted
for
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Spain
,
and
that
Don
Pedro
Lasso
de
la
Vega
were
delivered
into
their
hands
,
for
(
they
said
)
hee
was
the
principal
caus
of
all
those
Troubles
,
and
the
onely
man
that
put
them
upon
that
insurrection
.
SECT.
XXIV
.
THe
Marquis
of
Villena
beeing
entred
into
Toledo
,
by
consent
of
the
Citie
,
began
to
bring
them
to
a
right
understanding
:
whereupon
hee
wrote
to
the
Governors
,
that
they
might
follow
their
business
in
Navarra
,
as
for
the
Toledians
hee
would
undertake
to
reduce
them
to
their
due
obedience
.
The
Governors
glad
to
bee
eased
of
an
affair
of
such
care
and
trouble
,
emploied
all
their
industrie
and
force
to
resist
the
incursions
of
the
French
▪
as
shal
bee
said
hereafter
.
Hernando
de
Avalos
,
and
som
oth●r
of
the
Inhabitants
,
would
gladly
have
received
a
pardon
from
the
Marquis
of
Villena's
hands
;
therefore
beeing
sent
to
by
them
,
hee
came
,
accompanied
with
the
Earl
of
Oropesa
,
and
som
Hors
and
Foot
,
but
nothing
could
bee
effected
,
for
the
contrarie
Partie
mutinied
in
such
a
tumultuous
manner
,
that
the
Marquis
was
forced
to
go
out
of
the
Citie
,
after
hee
had
spent
som
daies
time
to
procure
a
Peace
.
The
same
effect
had
the
endeavors
of
Don
Diego
de
Cardenas
Adelantado
of
Granada
,
Duke
of
Maqueda
,
who
,
with
the
same
intention
,
came
to
Toledo
,
very
well
attended
,
and
was
driven
out
by
the
Common
people
.
Such
was
the
confusion
of
that
Citie
which
Don̄a
Maria
Pacheco
did
uphold
with
as
much
courage
,
as
if
shee
had
been
a
Captain
long
exercised
in
Martial
affairs
,
and
therefore
shee
was
generally
call●d
,
la
Muger
valerosa
,
the
valiant
Woman
:
The
report
goe's
,
that
shee
made
use
of
the
Crosses
in
stead
of
Colors
,
and
to
excite
the
people
to
compassion
,
shee
made
her
son
to
bee
carried
up
and
down
the
streets
upon
a
Mule
,
with
a
mourning
Hood
and
Cloak
on
,
and
in
a
Streamer
,
the
picture
of
her
husband
Iohn
de
Padilla
beheaded
.
Divers
other
things
were
said
of
her
,
it
may
bee
they
were
but
feigned
.
Amongst
the
rest
,
That
shee
had
a
fancie
that
shee
should
bee
a
Queen
,
which
was
put
into
her
head
by
som
Morisco
witches
at
Granada
.
At
length
her
partie
began
to
weaken
and
diminish
,
Don
Estevan
Gabriel
Merino
prevailing
against
her
,
who
shewed
himself
a
person
of
great
conduct
and
prudence
.
This
Prelate
(
who
afterwards
was
Cardinal
of
San
Vidal
)
then
governing
the
Bishoprick
of
Iaen
,
and
beeing
Dean
of
Toledo
,
assisted
by
the
Marshal
Payo
de
Ribera
,
and
other
●entlemen
of
that
Citie
,
having
routed
Don̄a
Maria
,
and
her
adherents
,
turned
them
out
of
Toledo
;
and
shee
,
having
disguised
herself
in
a
Countrie-woman's
habit
,
D●nia
Maria
Pacheco's
escape
out
of
Toledo
.
and
riding
upon
an
Ass
,
with
som
Gees
in
her
hands
,
escaped
:
otherwise
shee
had
lost
her
head
aswel
as
her
Husband
.
So
shee
spun
out
the
rest
of
her
daies
in
exsile
.
After
this
the
Citie
was
reduced
,
and
enjoied
the
benefit
of
the
general
pardon
,
Don
Iohn
de
Ribera
,
nor
any
of
his
kindred
,
were
permitted
to
com
into
the
Citie
,
until
the
King
returned
into
Spain
;
they
received
Don
Estevan
Gabriel
Merino
,
and
Doctor
Zumel
,
SECT.
XXV
.
ALthough
the
whole
Kingdom
almost
was
reduced
(
the
fear
of
punishment
exceeding
the
hopes
they
had
of
carrying
on
their
design
)
;
Yet
the
Fort
of
Fermosel
(
which
was
under
the
command
,
and
properly
belonging
to
the
Bishop
of
Zamora
)
stood
peremptorily
upon
their
defence
.
The
Governors
hereupon
sent
the
Earl
of
Alva
de
Lista
,
with
a
competent
number
of
men
,
to
take
it
;
who
requiring
the
Governor
to
deliver
it
to
the
Emperor
,
hee
answered
,
that
hee
kept
it
in
the
Bishop
of
Zamora's
name
for
his
Majestie
,
that
if
his
Majestie
did
com
thither
and
bring
the
Bishop
with
him
(
whom
the
Duke
of
Naxara
had
taken
prisoner
)
hee
would
presently
surrender
it
,
otherwise
not
.
The
Earl
laid
siege
to
it
hereupon
,
but
to
small
purpose
,
for
it
was
very
strong
.
The
Duke
of
Naxara
not
long
after
sent
to
the
Governors
,
desiring
them
to
command
the
siege
to
bee
raised
before
●ermosel
,
becaus
it
belonged
to
his
son
;
the
Bishop
having
●xchanged
it
with
him
.
The
Governors
gave
order
forthwith
that
the
Earl
of
Alva
should
give
them
Truce
for
twentie
daies
,
whilest
they
sent
to
the
Emperor
to
know
his
Majesties
pleasure
.
Don
Antonio
,
who
kept
him
there
,
until
the
Emperor
commanded
him
to
bee
carried
to
the
Castle
of
Simancas
,
where
hee
ended
his
daies
,
as
you
shall
hear
.
SECT.
XXVI
.
THe
Citie
of
Valladolid
wrote
to
the
Lord
Admiral
,
desiring
him
to
stand
their
friend
,
as
his
Ancestors
had
done
in
former
times
.
Whereunto
hee
returned
a
very
kind
answer
,
assuring
them
all
the
favor
hee
could
do
them
,
or
procure
them
from
his
Majestie
,
so
that
they
continned
their
contrition
and
acknowledgment
of
their
errors
,
and
refrained
from
acting
any
thing
misbecoming
the
obedience
of
Loyal
and
faithful
subjects
▪
And
to
conclude
this
tedious
relation
,
I
shall
tell
you
onely
that
the
Emperor
beeing
retur●ed
into
Spain
,
called
a
Counsel
in
Palencia
,
where
hee
consulted
of
and
concluded
a
general
pardon
for
the
whole
Kingdom
.
But
some
of
the
Commoners
beeing
brought
to
execution
(
as
shall
bee
hereafter
mentioned
)
the
Castillians
not
knowing
what
had
past
in
his
Majesties
Counsels
,
began
to
bee
possest
with
fears
;
For
the
absolute
distruction
and
banishing
whereof
,
the
Emperor
upon
the
28th
of
October
1522
,
caused
a
great
scaffold
to
bee
erected
in
the
chief
market
place
of
Valladolid
,
and
covered
with
rich
cloth
of
gold
and
silk
,
whereon
his
Majestie
cloathed
with
long
robes
,
after
the
Antient
manner
,
all
his
Grandees
and
Council
about
him
,
beeing
seated
;
his
Attornie
General
with
a
rich
Herald's
Coat
,
and
one
of
the
Clarks
of
the
Exchequer
named
Gallo
,
having
made
a
long
narration
of
the
troubles
and
insurrections
of
Castilla
,
read
with
a
distinct
loud
voice
the
general
pardon
which
his
Majestie
granted
to
the
whole
Kingdom
:
wherein
were
excepted
onely
some
threescore
or
fourscore
persons
;
whom
,
in
regard
the
greatest
part
of
them
were
but
ordinarie
people
,
some
of
them
Friers
and
others
already
punished
,
I
shall
not
trouble
my self
to
particularize
,
Don
Pedro
Pimentel
de
Talavera
,
(
who
was
taken
at
the
battle
of
Villalar
)
and
his
head
was
cut
off
in
the
publick
place
of
Palencia
.
The
Commissioners
of
Guadalaxara
and
Segovia
,
with
some
others
,
beeing
prisoners
at
la
Mota
de
Medina
del
Campo
,
the
Alcalde
Leguizama
was
sent
thither
to
do
Justice
upon
them
:
Beeing
there
arrived
,
hee
commanded
seven
of
them
to
bee
brought
out
of
the
Common
Gaol
(
where
they
were
put
)
with
ropes
about
their
necks
and
set
upon
Asses
until
they
came
into
the
chief
market
place
of
Medina
,
where
all
their
heads
were
cut
off
.
In
the
Citie
of
Vitoria
,
a
skinner
of
Salamanca
,
and
two
or
three
more
of
his
complices
,
were
executed
on
Fridaie
the
14th
of
August
1522.
That
which
was
chiefly
laid
to
the
charge
of
the
Commissioners
and
other
Gentlemen
,
was
their
daring
to
take
possession
of
the
Queen
at
Tordesillas
,
turning
awaie
the
Marquis
of
Denia
and
his
Ladie
,
who
had
commands
from
his
Majestie
to
attend
her
person
.
And
besides
that
some
of
them
held
correspondence
with
the
King
of
France
.
SECT.
XXVII
.
THe
Bishop
of
Zamora
beeing
taken
(
as
is
related
)
was
brought
afterwards
prisoner
to
the
Fort
of
Simancas
,
where
hee
continued
a
good
while
.
During
which
time
with
a
brick
which
hee
had
cunningly
put
into
a
bag
,
wherein
hee
used
to
carrie
his
Breviary
,
hee
knockt
out
the
Governors
brains
,
that
had
charge
of
him
,
beeing
in
discours
with
him
by
the
fire
side
.
So
leaving
the
father
dead
,
hee
had
made
his
escape
,
but
that
his
Son
discovered
him
,
and
having
brought
him
back
,
lock'd
him
into
his
Chamber
,
without
doing
any
thing
els
to
him
,
for
murthering
his
father
which
was
held
and
commended
for
a
peice
of
great
wisdom
and
patience
in
the
yong
man
.
The
Emperor
upon
notice
hereof
,
Alcalde
Ronquillo
to
go
thither
,
who
having
too
much
Justice
on
his
side
,
and
bearing
no
great
affection
to
the
Bishop
,
by
vertue
of
a
licence
the
Emperor
had
from
Pope
Adrian
,
to
punish
the
said
Bishop
and
other
Priests
and
Friers
for
their
exorbitances
,
bearing
date
the
7th
of
March
1523.
Hee
c●used
him
to
bee
strangled
within
the
said
Fort
;
And
some
report
that
hee
hung
him
upon
one
of
the
Pinacles
of
the
Tower
,
to
the
end
hee
might
bee
a
spectacle
to
all
that
passed
that
waie
.
This
was
done
contrarie
to
the
Emperor's
knowledg
,
and
it
grieved
him
very
much
,
although
hee
had
reason
and
power
enough
to
do
it
.
This
was
done
An●
1526.
SECT.
XXVIII
.
THe
end
whereunto
Don
Pedro
de
Ayala
,
Earl
of
Salvatierra
was
brought
,
may
serv
for
an
example
of
the
various
vicissitudes
of
Fortune
in
this
life
:
Leon
Picardo
,
a
domestick
servant
and
Painter
to
the
Lord
High
Constable
,
somtimes
brought
him
.
His
son
Don
Athanasio
de
Ayala
,
Do●
At●anasio
d●
Ayala
to
his
f●●ther
,
the
Earl
of
Salvatierra
,
being
ready
to
starv
in
prison
.
then
Page
to
the
Emperor
,
out
of
compassion
and
pietie
,
which
a
childe
oweth
to
his
father
,
sold
a
hors
which
hee
had
to
buie
the
Earl
victuals
:
for
which
the
Master
of
the
Pages
would
have
him
punished
,
and
complained
of
him
to
the
Emperor
;
whereupon
the
Emperor
calling
Don
Athanasio
to
him
,
and
asking
him
for
his
hors
,
hee
presently
answered
,
That
hee
had
sold
him
to
buie
Victuals
for
his
father
.
The
Emperor
was
so
far
from
beeing
displeased
at
so
pio●●
an
act
,
that
hee
forthwith
commanded
fortie
thousand
Maravediz
to
bee
given
him
.
Thus
this
great
Earl
,
who
,
as
hee
said
of
himself
,
was
lineally
descended
from
the
mightie
Gothes
,
ended
his
daies
by
an
untimely
death
.
SECT.
XXIX
.
THe
Emperor
beeing
desirous
to
express
the
Contentment
which
hee
received
by
the
Pacification
of
his
Kingdoms
,
and
that
hee
might
shew
himself
a
gracious
Prince
to
those
that
had
offended
his
Majestie
in
so
high
a
measure
,
hee
commanded
that
two
daies
after
the
general
pardon
was
proclaimed
,
there
should
bee
great
Feasts
celebrated
in
Valladolid
,
with
great
solemnitie
,
with
Tiltings
,
fighting
on
hors-back
with
Bulls
,
and
a
Turnament
or
Just-Royal
.
And
the
Emperor
himself
beeing
in
compleat
Armor
,
and
so
disguised
,
that
no
bodie
could
know
him
,
entered
the
List
,
and
brake
several
Lances
with
those
that
had
gotten
the
greatest
honor
that
daie
,
behaving
himself
with
such
dexteritie
,
courage
,
and
gallantrie
,
that
hee
drew
the
eies
of
all
the
Spectators
upon
him
,
and
kindled
a
curiositie
in
their
brests
to
know
who
hee
was
,
which
beeing
discovered
,
their
gusts
increased
with
their
admirations
.
Light-winged
Fame
having
filled
the
World
with
the
Emperor
's
good
success
,
many
Princes
and
Embassadors
,
from
all
parts
,
thereupon
came
flocking
to
his
Court
.
The
King
of
England
sent
his
Embassadors
,
and
Don
Luis
de
Silva
,
in
the
King
of
Portugal
his
Master's
name
,
came
to
congratulate
his
Majestie
's
return
,
his
reception
of
the
Imperial
Crown
,
and
the
pacification
of
the
troubles
in
Spain
,
desiring
moreover
,
that
hee
would
give
order
that
the
Castillians
might
go
no
more
into
the
Moluccas
,
which
his
Majestie
remitted
to
bee
determined
by
judicious
and
experienced
men
.
SECT.
XXX
.
HIs
Majestie
's
goodness
and
clemencie
to
his
Subjects
,
had
it
been
in
the
antient
Greek's
or
Latine's
ages
,
should
have
been
celebrated
with
a
never
dying
memorie
,
since
of
so
many
offendors
so
few
were
excepted
in
the
general
Pardon
,
and
well
near
all
those
too
obteined
an
exemption
from
all
punishments
,
aswel
of
Persons
,
as
Estate
:
And
the
Nobles
were
restored
to
the
same
height
of
honor
and
esteem
as
they
possessed
formerly
,
the
Emperor
shewing
as
much
favor
and
liberalitie
towards
them
and
their
children
,
as
if
they
never
had
committed
any
offence
against
him
.
Whosoever
take's
the
pains
to
peruse
the
historie
of
these
fore-related
Commotions
will
finde
,
that
Hernando
de
Avalos
,
a
Gentleman
of
Toledo
,
was
one
of
the
greatest
sticklers
for
the
Commonalties
,
one
of
the
chief
Ring-leaders
of
these
disorders
,
and
one
that
persevered
in
them
with
as
great
obstinacie
and
perversness
as
might
bee
;
for
which
hee
was
excepted
,
yet
nothing
was
done
to
him
.
But
whether
out
of
fear
,
or
otherwise
,
hee
privately
slunk
away
out
of
the
Kingdom
;
for
which
the
Emperor
(
as
hee
had
reason
)
was
the
more
displeased
at
him
.
And
having
continued
in
this
voluntarie
exile
some
time
,
at
last
having
disguised
himself
,
as
hee
thought
,
sufficiently
,
hee
took
the
boldness
to
return
to
the
Court
and
endeavor
to
procure
his
pardon
,
which
coming
to
the
knowledg
of
one
that
was
neer
his
Majesties
person
,
hee
thinking
to
do
an
acceptable
piece
of
service
,
went
presently
and
told
the
Emperor
,
that
Hernando
de
Avalos
was
in
the
Court
,
and
that
,
if
his
Majestie
was
so
pleased
,
hee
would
apprehend
him
,
for
hee
knew
where
to
finde
him
.
The
Emperor
took
no
great
notice
hereof
at
the
first
time
.
Two
or
three
daies
after
,
the
Gentleman
thinking
his
Majestie
had
not
well
understood
him
,
or
els
had
forgotten
what
hee
had
told
him
,
gave
him
a
second
advice
of
Hernando's
beeing
there
.
Whereunto
the
Emperor
with
a
countenance
that
express'd
no
great
pleasure
in
any
such
like
actions
,
answered
;
Thou
should'st
have
done
better
to
have
advised
Hernando
de
Avalos
to
leav
the
Court
,
then
to
press
mee
to
give
command
to
have
him
apprehended
.
So
the
pick-thank
remained
ashamed
and
confounded
,
(
as
all
those
which
delight
in
such
base
unworthie
offices
for
the
most
part
are
,
when
their
malicious
practises
do
not
take
effect
)
.
It
is
moreover
reported
,
the
testimonie
of
the
goodness
of
this
Emperor
,
that
beeing
told
how
few
had
been
executed
of
those
offendors
,
hee
replyed
,
It
is
enough
,
let
there
bee
no
more
blood
spilt
.
Which
was
a
saying
indeed
becoming
the
Dignitie
of
so
great
a
Prince
.
SECT.
XXXI
.
THe
general
pardon
beeing
known
through
all
Spain
,
the
hearts
of
all
the
people
were
filled
with
no
less
rejoycing
then
affection
to
their
Prince
,
having
such
notable
experience
of
his
clemencie
and
valour
,
and
thenceforwards
the
Peace
and
quietness
grew
daily
more
and
more
in
the
Kingdom
.
Those
of
Valencia
hearing
what
his
Majestie
had
done
at
Valladolid
for
the
Kingdom
of
Castilla
,
presently
sent
their
Commissioners
,
humbly
craving
the
same
grace
and
favor
from
the
Emperor
,
and
in
particular
they
desired
his
Majestie
would
bee
pleased
to
remove
thence
their
Vice-Roy
Don
Diego
de
Mendoça
,
whom
they
abhorred
exceedingly
,
deriving
upon
him
all
the
fault
of
their
past
Commotions
,
by
reason
of
the
many
Tyrannies
and
oppressions
wherewith
hee
had
overburthened
the
people
.
But
those
Commissioners
not
coming
in
the
name
and
with
a
general
power
from
the
whole
Kingdom
,
their
desires
were
not
granted
at
that
time
.
Whereupon
the
12
of
November
,
Anno
1522
,
four
other
Commissioners
were
sent
with
full
power
,
from
the
Kingdom
of
Valencia
,
to
tender
,
without
reserv
,
into
his
Majestie
's
hands
all
their
honors
,
lives
,
and
fortunes
,
that
hee
might
dispose
of
them
at
his
will
and
pleasure
,
absolutely
resigning
themselvs
to
his
clemencie
,
and
desiring
onely
that
hee
would
give
them
another
Vice-Roy
,
for
they
could
not
endure
Don
Diego
de
Mendoça
,
and
that
hee
would
change
som
other
Officers
;
Which
the
Emperor
,
to
satisfie
them
,
did
,
placing
in
Don
Diego's
stead
,
the
Queen
Germana
,
and
making
Don
Iohn
,
Marquis
of
Brandeburg
,
her
husband
,
Captain
General
of
the
whole
Kingdom
,
who
died
in
the
same
year
.
After
which
,
the
Emperor
considering
the
fidelitie
and
Roial
descent
of
Don
Hernando
de
Aragon
,
Duke
of
Calatria
,
(
who
beeing
a
prisoner
in
the
Castle
of
Xativa
)
in
the
time
of
Troubles
the
People
would
have
set
him
at
libertie
,
and
made
him
their
Captain
General
,
and
married
him
to
the
Queen
,
but
hee
discreetly
refused
their
offer
,
saying
,
That
hee
would
not
go
out
of
prison
without
the
Emperor's
consent
)
sent
for
him
to
Valladolid
,
where
hee
did
him
great
honor
and
respect
,
and
having
married
him
to
the
Queen
Germana
,
(
who
was
second
wife
to
the
Catholick
King
Don
Fernando
)
invested
them
in
the
Government
of
the
Kingdom
of
Valencia
.
SECT.
XXXII
.
WHilest
the
Governors
of
Castilla
,
after
this
Victorie
at
Villalar
,
were
reducing
and
settling
Segovia
,
and
the
other
Cities
of
that
Kingdom
,
with
intent
to
pass
with
their
Armie
to
suppress
and
quiet
the
disorders
of
the
Toledians
;
The
Duke
of
Naxara
came
to
them
at
Segovia
,
Monsieur
de
Asparros
,
brother
to
Monsieur
de
Lautrech
Vice-Roy
of
Milan
,
was
entred
into
Navarra
,
had
taken
Pamplona
,
Stilla
,
and
divers
other
places
,
and
not
content
to
have
run
all
that
Countrie
over
(
to
which
they
seemed
at
first
onely
to
laie
claim
,
and
that
not
in
King
Francis
his
name
,
but
for
Don
Enrique
de
la
Brit
,
who
pretended
to
bee
right
owner
of
the
Kingdom
of
Navarra
.
At
last
they
declared
themselvs
(
what
reallie
they
were
)
open
enemies
,
and
marched
with
all
their
forces
to
assault
the
Citie
of
Logron̄o
,
their
word
was
Vivat
the
King
and
flower
de
Luce
of
France
,
and
the
Commonaltie
of
Castilla
,
which
was
a
great
argument
that
some
of
them
held
correspondence
with
the
King
of
France
,
Francisco
Sforza
,
Son
to
Lewis
brother
to
Maximilian
,
from
whom
the
King
of
France
had
taken
that
Countrie
;
and
to
retake
likewise
Parma
and
Placentia
,
which
belonged
to
the
Church
.
Hereupon
a
yearly
pension
of
ten
thousand
Duckets
out
of
the
Arch-Bishoprick
of
Toledo
,
Iulo
de
Medicis
for
Alexander
de
Medicis
base
son
to
Laurencio
Son
to
Pedro
de
Medicis
,
who
was
Duke
of
Vibino
.
The
Pope
was
so
far
from
disliking
the
motion
,
that
hee
prepared
monie
and
men
to
assist
the
Emperor
,
making
the
Marquis
of
Pescara
Marquis
of
Mantua
his
General
;
who
joyning
with
Prospero
Colona
,
Milan
.
Pavia
.
after
which
the
Citie
of
Pavia
,
and
all
the
rest
of
the
Cities
and
Towns
belonging
to
the
State
of
Milan
presently
surrendered
themselvs
:
This
done
,
the
Imperialists
(
notwithstanding
their
Armie
was
much
lessened
,
monie
growing
short
,
by
reason
of
the
Pope's
sudden
death
)
besieged
and
took
the
Cities
of
Como
and
Alexandria
upon
the
River
Ada
in
Lombardie
.
About
the
same
time
the
King
of
France
advanced
into
Flanders
with
a
very
powerful
Armie
,
Don
Hugo
de
Moncada
,
hee
retreated
,
and
the
Citie
for
want
of
relief
was
surrendred
to
the
●mperialists
.
In
mean
time
Francis
the
first
of
France
,
nothing
dismaied
at
the
crosness
of
his
fortune
,
sent
another
numerous
Armie
against
Spain
,
(
building
much
upon
the
absence
of
the
Emperor
and
the
distractions
in
that
Kingdom
)
which
entring
into
Navarra
by
Puerto
de
Ronces
Valles
,
Fuente
Ravia
.
took
the
Forts
of
Pen̄ol
and
Maya
,
and
encamp'd
before
Fuente
Ravia
,
a
strong
place
in
the
Countrie
of
Guipuzcoa
,
four
leagues
from
Bayona
,
which
after
ten
or
twelv
daies
siege
,
despairing
of
any
succor
,
Diego
de
Vera
the
Governor
delivered
,
upon
condition
that
the
souldiers
should
all
march
freely
out
with
bag
and
baggage
,
the
Inhabitants
not
to
bee
plundred
,
and
have
libertie
to
staie
or
go
out
of
the
Town
,
as
they
pleased
:
for
which
hee
was
afterwards
questioned
in
Castilla
.
SECT.
XXXIII
.
HEnrie
the
eighth
,
King
of
England
,
(
whom
the
Emperor
,
and
King
of
France
made
Arbitrator
of
their
differences
)
having
concluded
that
the
French
King
was
the
Peace-Breaker
,
Florencio
Egmondio
,
Earl
of
Bura
,
at
the
Siege
of
Hesdin
,
in
the
frontiers
of
Flanders
,
which
after
two
moneths
time
they
were
compelled
to
rais
,
by
sickness
,
and
the
over-flowing
of
the
River
,
besides
the
unseasonableness
of
the
weather
,
enforced
them
to
repair
into
their
Winter-quarters
.
But
the
Spring
following
,
they
took
the
field
again
,
and
marched
near
fortie
thousand
strong
toward
Paris
,
spoiling
and
burning
without
mercie
as
they
went
,
which
put
the
Parisians
to
a
terrible
fright
.
At
the
same
time
the
Lord
High
Admiral
of
France
entred
into
Lombardie
with
an
Armie
of
above
fiftie
thousand
Combatants
:
Don
Carlos
de
Lanoy
,
Vice-Roy
of
Naples
,
upon
his
earnest
request
,
hoping
to
make
his
conditions
the
better
with
the
Emperor
,
if
hee
could
speak
with
him
himself
.
Hee
continued
a
Prisoner
a
year
and
upwards
,
after
which
time
,
hee
was
released
upon
Articles
betwixt
him
and
the
Emperor
,
whereof
one
principal
was
,
That
hee
should
marrie
the
Emperor's
sister
,
Don̄a
Leonor
,
widow
to
Don
Manuel
King
of
Portugal
,
and
restore
the
Dukedom
of
Burgundie
to
the
Hous
of
Austria
,
for
performance
of
their
agreement
,
his
two
eldest
sons
,
viz
Francis
the
Dolfin
,
and
Henrie
Duke
of
Orleans
were
,
at
the
same
time
as
hee
was
set
into
France
,
delivered
as
Pledges
to
the
Spaniards
.
But
beeing
in
his
own
Countrie
,
whether
by
persuasion
of
ill
Counsellors
,
or
,
thi●king
the
conditions
too
unreasonable
,
and
hee
not
obliged
to
make
good
his
promise
,
having
been
forced
thereunto
in
his
imprisonment
,
hee
sent
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Bourdeaux
to
the
Emperors
Court
,
requiring
him
(
in
regard
it
was
not
in
his
power
to
give
away
any
part
of
his
Countrie
)
that
hee
would
give
his
children
their
enlargement
upon
any
reasonable
ransom
.
Which
Embassage
the
Emperor
,
with
great
indignation
,
answered
thus
briefly
;
That
if
the
King
of
France
could
not
perform
the
conditions
(
as
hee
pretended
)
yet
desired
to
have
his
Sons
at
libertie
;
hee
should
com
back
and
take
their
places
,
(
which
was
in
his
power
to
do
,
and
hee
had
promised
by
oath
)
otherwise
,
hee
must
not
exspect
to
have
his
children
so
soon
released
.
Hereupon
the
French
King
giving
waie
to
his
vindicative
passion
,
left
no
means
unattempted
to
incite
the
other
Christian
Princes
to
wage
War
in
his
favor
against
the
Emperor
.
And
after
som
time
having
drawn
Henrie
the
8th
of
England
to
his
Partie
(
who
had
som
other
pretences
to
quarrel
with
the
Emperor
)
they
both
sent
their
Kings
a●
Arms
with
Letters
of
defiance
to
him
into
Spain
,
and
gave
order
to
their
Embassadors
to
return
,
Don̄a
Margarita
,
Arch-Dutchess
of
Austria
,
Aunt
to
his
Imperial
Majestie
,
and
Madama
Luysa
Dutchess
of
Angulema
and
Anjou
,
widow
to
the
Duke
of
Sav●y
,
and
Mother
to
the
King
of
France
.
Upon
which
agreement
the
young
Princes
were
released
,
after
almost
four
years
close
imprisonment
,
their
Father
sending
for
their
ransom
two
millions
of
Crowns
of
Gold
,
which
summe
of
monie
was
put
into
one
boat
,
and
they
into
another
at
Fuente
Ravia
,
with
the
like
diffidence
and
ceremonie
as
was
used
when
the
King
,
their
father
,
was
exchanged
for
them
.
At
the
same
time
Don̄a
Leonor
the
Emperor's
sister
passed
into
France
,
Katharine
,
Charls
the
Fifth's
Aunt
,
thinking
the
Emperor
would
som
waie
express
his
discontent
,
and
shew
himself
sensible
of
so
great●an
affront
,
resolved
to
give
him
further
occasion
of
distaste
)
;
And
there
they
conspired
to
suscitate
the
Lutherans
in
Germanie
,