BRITAIN
.
BRITAIN
,
Britannia
,
in
general
.
map of England and Wales
THE
KINGDOM
of
ENGLAND
BRITAIN
,
an
Island
large
,
populous
and
fruitful
,
is
,
in
Longitude
,
about
15
Degrees
and
50
Scruples
;
and
in
Latitude
,
in
the
North-part
50
Degrees
,
40
Scruples
;
but
in
the
South
about
50
Degrees
and
10
Scruples
.
Among
the
Ancients
it
was
look'd
upon
to
be
so
considerable
,
that
in
their
Writings
they
call'd
it
Insula
magna
;
and
Caesar
went
yet
higher
,
boasting
,
That
he
had
found
another
World
.
By
the
best
estimate
that
can
be
taken
,
't
is
computed
at
about
1836
miles
in
compass
,
viz.
from
Cathness
to
the
Lands-end
,
912.
from
the
Lands-end
to
the
Kentish-foreland
,
320.
and
from
thence
all
along
the
Eastern-coast
to
Cathness
,
about
704.
The
Ancients
differ
very
much
in
their
accounts
of
this
matter
,
but
their
Authority
is
not
much
to
be
heeded
:
For
few
of
those
Writers
knew
the
Island
,
and
those
that
did
,
had
not
yet
such
a
near
acquaintance
with
it
,
as
to
take
its
Dimensions
with
a
tolerable
exactness
.
The
FORM
of
it
is
Triangular
,
the
Lands-end
,
the
Kentish-foreland
and
Cathness
,
shooting
out
into
so
many
Promontories
,
and
making
the
three
Corners
.
It
's
Bound
,
the
Sea
,
has
several
Names
,
adapted
to
the
several
Shores
:
On
the
North
,
't
is
call'd
the
Northern-sea
;
on
the
West
,
the
Irish-sea
;
on
the
South
,
the
Channel
;
and
,
on
the
East
,
the
German-Ocean
.
This
advantage
of
the
Sea
surrounding
it
,
as
't
is
a
Security
against
Enemies
,
so
also
against
the
violent
Colds
to
which
the
Climate
would
be
otherwise
expos'd
:
It
supplies
us
both
with
Peace
and
Health
.
For
the
Tides
and
constant
Motions
of
the
Sea
send
us
in
a
softning
sort
of
Vapour
which
qualifies
the
natural
sharpness
of
the
Air
,
even
to
that
degree
,
that
in
some
parts
of
France
and
Italy
they
feel
more
o'
the
Winter
than
we
do
in
England
.
The
SOIL
does
,
in
a
great
measure
,
owe
its
Fertility
to
the
same
cause
;
the
Vapours
not
only
softning
the
Air
,
and
by
that
means
nourishing
every
thing
that
grows
,
but
also
furnishing
us
with
easie
Showers
in
their
proper
Seasons
.
Insomuch
,
that
our
Forefathers
had
a
fancy
,
that
this
must
needs
be
the
Fortunate
Islands
,
so
much
talk'd
of
by
the
Ancients
;
as
having
of
all
others
the
best
Claim
to
those
agreeable
Pleasures
and
Delights
,
with
which
they
furnish'd
that
happy
place
.
I
know
not
whether
it
was
not
more
the
Courage
and
Vigour
(
observ'd
to
be
in
these
Westerly
Inhabitants
)
than
any
natural
Cause
,
which
gave
rise
to
that
Opinion
,
That
the
farther
West
,
the
Constitutions
were
more
firm
and
the
Courage
greater
.
That
part
of
the
Island
which
lies
towards
the
Western
Ocean
,
is
mountainous
,
as
in
Cornwall
,
Wales
,
and
also
a
great
many
parts
of
Scotland
;
but
the
inner
Tracts
are
generally
a
plain
,
champain
Country
,
abounding
with
Corn
and
Pasture
.
The
most
remarkable
MOUNTAIN
,
is
that
continu'd
Ridge
which
runs
from
South
to
North
,
dividing
,
as
it
were
,
the
whole
Island
into
the
East
and
West
parts
,
and
is
by
Writers
call'd
the
English
Apennine
.
The
ISLANDS
lie
round
it
in
great
numbers
;
some
single
,
as
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
the
Isle
of
Man
,
&c.
others
as
it
were
in
Clusters
,
as
the
Cassiterides
,
the
Orcades
,
and
other
little
Slips
that
are
scatter'd
all
along
the
Coast
of
Scotland
.
It
has
on
all
sides
very
convenient
Harbours
,
and
is
accommodated
with
navigable
Rivers
in
abundance
,
which
convey
the
Riches
of
the
Sea
and
of
Foreign
Nations
into
the
very
heart
of
the
Kingdom
.
Of
all
the
rest
,
these
three
are
by
far
the
most
considerable
;
the
Thames
,
the
Severn
,
and
the
Humber
,
which
carry
along
with
them
into
the
Sea
vast
numbers
of
lesser
Rivers
.
Their
course
,
with
the
Towns
and
Cities
they
touch
upon
,
are
better
represented
in
the
Map
,
than
they
would
be
by
an
enumeration
of
Particulars
.
The
INHABITANTS
of
the
several
Parts
,
are
of
a
different
original
.
These
of
Cornwall
and
Wales
are
in
a
great
measure
the
Posterity
of
the
ancient
Britains
,
who
,
upon
the
Invasions
first
of
the
Picts
and
then
of
the
Saxons
,
betook
themselves
to
those
mountainous
corners
and
out-skirts
,
and
have
ever
since
maintain'd
both
themselves
and
their
Language
too
,
against
the
mixture
of
Foreigners
.
Of
late
years
indeed
,
the
Cornish
are
come
over
to
the
English
modes
and
ways
of
Living
,
and
have
begun
to
lay
aside
their
ancient
Tongue
;
which
cannot
perhaps
be
more
plausibly
attributed
to
any
one
thing
,
than
the
great
number
of
Representatives
they
return
to
Parliament
;
for
whom
't
is
natural
to
carry
back
with
them
the
Humours
and
Inclinations
of
the
Court
,
and
,
at
their
return
,
to
settle
themselves
in
a
method
of
Living
agreeable
to
the
Entertainments
they
meet
with
in
their
time
of
Attendance
.
But
the
Welch
have
no
such
entercourse
with
the
polite
parts
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
so
keep
on
in
the
old
Channel
,
both
as
to
Customs
,
Language
,
and
other
Circumstances
of
Life
.
The
Scots
are
originally
Irish
,
but
not
without
a
mixture
of
Picts
,
who
(
tho'
they
were
subdu'd
by
the
former
,
and
fell
under
their
Government
)
could
not
yet
be
entirely
cut
off
,
any
more
than
the
Conquer'd
usually
are
in
other
Kingdoms
.
Bede
and
our
other
Historians
are
very
clear
and
positive
in
the
matter
,
That
the
West-parts
of
Scotland
were
Peopl'd
from
Ireland
;
and
the
Irish
,
which
is
their
Language
,
puts
it
beyond
all
dispute
:
But
the
exact
time
when
this
should
happen
,
is
a
point
the
Learned
s●ill
quarrel
about
,
while
the
Natives
are
concern'd
for
their
own
Antiquity
,
and
their
Neighbours
do
not
love
to
see
them
run
up
their
Original
too
high
.
As
for
the
rest
of
the
Island
,
tho'
the
Britains
were
for
many
hundred
years
in
full
possession
,
and
after
that
the
Romans
made
a
considerable
figure
among
us
;
yet
we
cannot
well
imagine
there
's
much
of
the
Blood
of
either
Nation
among
us
at
this
day
.
The
Britains
indeed
may
with
some
reason
value
themselves
upon
their
descent
from
the
Romans
,
with
whom
,
in
such
a
vast
compass
of
time
,
they
could
not
but
have
frequent
Inter-marriages
,
and
so
incorporate
themselves
as
it
were
into
one
People
.
This
they
may
insist
upon
,
and
by
such
a
step
be
carried
to
the
Trojans
,
(
whom
they
are
so
fond
of
)
with
more
reason
and
less
vanity
.
But
whoever
considers
,
how
the
Foreign
Wars
under
the
later
Emperors
clear'd
this
Island
of
the
Romans
,
and
how
the
prevailing
power
of
the
Saxons
swept
off
the
miserable
Britains
,
will
have
but
a
mean
opinion
of
our
Title
to
a
Descent
from
either
.
't
is
true
,
we
have
more
of
the
Roman
Language
to
shew
than
the
Britains
,
but
we
had
it
at
second
hand
only
from
the
Normans
;
whereas
,
the
Remains
they
produce
have
been
deriv'd
to
them
from
Age
to
Age
,
ever
since
their
mutual
Correspondence
with
that
People
.
So
that
the
Saxons
are
as
far
as
we
can
go
with
any
tolerable
probability
;
and
they
,
along
with
the
Danes
(
who
for
many
years
over-ran
the
whole
Kingdom
)
and
the
Normans
(
who
conquer'd
it
)
are
the
great
Ingredients
of
our
Inhabitants
at
this
day
.
And
as
we
are
a
mixture
of
the
Northern
Nations
and
of
the
French
or
Norman
;
so
we
seem
to
retain
something
of
the
HUMOUR
and
TEMPER
of
both
,
keeping
a
mean
between
the
two
.
The
French-man
is
brisk
,
gay
and
airy
;
the
Hollander
and
German
is
unactive
,
heavy
and
unweildy
;
the
English-man
has
neither
so
much
of
the
first
Qualities
as
to
carry
him
to
Levity
;
nor
of
the
second
,
as
make
him
fairly
chargeable
with
Dulness
.
His
Fancy
does
not
out-run
his
Judgment
,
nor
his
Judgment
drown
his
Fancy
.
This
difference
is
very
remarkable
in
two
particulars
,
War
and
Learning
.
In
the
first
,
what
more
notorious
than
the
slowness
of
the
German
,
tho
quickness
of
the
French
,
and
the
settl'd
Courage
and
Conduct
of
the
English
?
In
the
second
,
nothing
is
more
apparent
,
than
the
heavy
Bulks
of
●ectures
,
and
Comments
,
and
Common-places
,
that
the
first
have
given
us
;
the
little
Whimsies
and
pert
Essays
that
we
have
had
from
the
second
;
and
the
solid
Argument
and
substantial
Matter
which
the
last
have
sent
into
the
World
.
The
French
,
't
is
true
,
have
done
great
Honour
to
Learning
,
under
the
protection
of
a
Prince
;
who
has
establish'd
a
more
lasting
Name
,
by
his
eminent
Patronage
to
that
,
than
by
the
progress
of
his
Arms.
But
they
have
this
advantage
,
that
their
Language
has
settl'd
it self
in
most
parts
of
Europe
,
and
conveys
the
utmost
extent
of
their
Learning
,
as
far
as
it
reaches
.
Could
but
our
English
Tongue
propagate
it self
into
as
many
Corners
of
the
World
,
or
would
the
great
Men
among
us
make
themselves
Masters
of
the
Roman
Style
,
and
so
pen
their
Discourses
in
a
Language
universally
known
,
our
Books
would
undoubtedly
make
their
own
way
:
They
would
carry
Instruction
abroad
,
and
bring
Reputation
to
our
own
Kingdom
.
Our
Divinity
,
particularly
,
as
it
is
grave
and
substantial
,
so
it
is
much
courted
and
admired
by
Foreigners
;
insomuch
,
that
of
late
years
we
have
had
great
numbers
of
Germans
,
Sweeds
,
Danes
,
and
other
Nations
,
who
have
travell'd
into
England
upon
no
other
design
,
but
to
inform
themselves
in
our
methods
of
Preaching
,
and
by
learning
the
Language
to
be
capable
of
receiving
profit
by
our
Writings
.
The
State
of
RELIGION
,
so
far
as
we
have
any
light
from
History
,
is
in
short
thus
.
When
Julius
Caesar
came
over
,
his
short
stay
and
small
correspondence
with
the
Natives
gave
him
little
opportunity
of
informing
himself
in
their
Affairs
.
But
when
he
observes
,
that
such
of
the
Gauls
as
desired
to
be
instructed
in
the
Rites
and
Discipline
of
the
Druids
,
came
over
into
Britain
for
that
purpose
,
't
is
plain
that
this
was
the
Religion
of
the
place
.
Nor
need
we
build
only
upon
that
hint
,
after
he
has
told
us
how
at
that
time
't
was
a
current
Opinion
,
that
the
Discipline
of
the
Druids
came
originally
out
of
Britain
,
and
was
thence
transplanted
into
Gaul
.
This
was
their
Religion
,
till
the
plantation
of
Christianity
;
for
which
their
old
Persuasion
(
which
taught
'em
to
believe
One
God
,
and
the
Immortality
of
the
Soul
)
may
seem
in
some
measure
to
have
made
way
.
How
early
it
was
introduc'd
,
is
a
point
which
has
been
very
much
disputed
among
the
Learned
.
Some
will
have
it
,
that
Joseph
of
Arimathea
sail'd
from
Gaul
,
and
preach'd
Christianity
among
them
:
But
that
,
in
several
particulars
,
looks
but
too
like
a
piece
of
Monkish
Forgery
.
The
general
Tradition
is
,
that
,
at
King
Lucius's
request
,
Pope
Elutherus
sent
over
Eluanus
and
Meduanus
to
preach
Christ
;
an
Opinion
which
is
handl'd
at
large
by
Archbishop
Usher
and
Dr.
Stillingfleet
.
The
latter
of
these
,
is
enclin'd
to
have
Christianity
very
early
in
this
Island
,
proving
it
to
have
been
planted
by
no
less
Hand
than
that
of
S.
Paul
.
The
Reasons
alledg'd
by
the
particular
Patrons
of
these
Conjectures
,
are
too
many
and
too
large
for
this
place
:
The
Authors
themselves
have
deliver'd
'em
at
large
.
Upon
the
invasion
of
the
Saxons
,
Christianity
was
consin'd
to
that
poor
corner
which
was
the
shelter
of
the
Britains
,
and
nothing
but
Paganism
prevail'd
amongst
that
warlike
Crew
;
till
Pope
Gregory
sent
over
Austin
the
Monk
,
who
,
by
his
indefatigable
Industry
laid
such
a
foundation
for
Christianity
,
that
his
Successors
gain'd
ground
apace
,
and
in
some
years
propagated
it
over
the
whole
Nation
.
Such
was
the
pious
Zeal
of
those
times
,
that
Religion
quickly
receiv'd
encouragement
from
all
Hands
,
and
Kings
and
Princes
honour'd
it
with
Religious
Houses
and
Churches
in
great
numbers
.
Thus
it
went
on
without
Interruption
,
till
the
Danes
broke
in
upon
them
;
who
,
from
an
innate
barbarity
and
hatred
to
Religion
,
as
well
as
a
thirst
after
the
Wealth
and
Riches
of
those
holy
Places
,
spar'd
none
of
them
that
lay
in
their
way
,
but
burnt
and
plunder'd
whatever
they
came
near
.
Upon
an
accommodation
with
that
People
,
it
reviv'd
and
grew
mightily
;
so
that
England
,
for
number
of
Religious
Houses
,
was
perhaps
as
considerable
as
any
part
of
Europe
.
Till
King
Henry
VIII
.
by
Act
of
Parliament
had
them
dissolv'd
,
when
(
quitting
his
subjection
to
the
See
of
Rome
)
he
made
a
Reformation
of
the
Corruptions
that
had
crept
in
among
us
,
and
establisht
the
Protestant
Religion
.
The
first
LANGUAGE
in
this
Nation
,
was
British
,
which
(
as
the
People
and
Religion
)
was
driven
off
by
the
Conquerors
,
and
succeeded
by
that
of
the
Saxons
.
By
the
Danish
Invasions
,
a
mixture
of
that
Tongue
crept
in
among
us
;
but
did
not
cause
any
considerable
alterations
,
especially
as
to
the
Fundamentals
,
wherein
they
agree
pretty
much
.
But
the
Norman
Conqueror
,
so
soon
as
he
was
settl'd
in
his
new
Territories
,
quickly
discourag'd
both
;
and
succeeded
so
well
in
his
endeavours
to
establish
the
Norman
,
that
before
the
end
of
Henry
II
.
(
what
by
contractions
of
the
Old
and
interpolations
of
the
New
)
we
find
the
true
native
Saxon
quite
moulded
into
another
form
.
For
how
should
it
be
otherwise
?
Their
publick
Pleadings
were
in
French
,
French
was
the
Language
of
the
Court
,
and
Children
were
to
learn
no
other
Tongue
.
Thus
,
by
degrees
,
(
partly
by
reason
of
a
fondness
we
have
always
entertain'd
for
French
Fopperies
,
and
partly
by
reason
of
a
harshness
that
has
been
still
fancy'd
to
run
through
our
own
Language
)
our
Ancestors
have
endeavour'd
to
supply
and
refine
it
from
the
French
,
and
every
Age
has
been
bringing
in
new
Words
,
new
Phrases
,
and
new
Dialects
.
So
that
now
it
makes
a
very
great
figure
in
our
common
Conversation
and
Writings
;
tho'
we
may
still
safely
affirm
,
That
the
most
full
and
significative
Words
in
use
among
us
,
are
the
remains
of
the
old
native
Stock
.
And
as
it
has
been
an
unaccountable
Levity
in
our
Ancestors
,
to
affect
Foreign
Commodities
when
they
had
more
substantial
Wares
at
home
;
so
would
it
become
their
Posterity
to
look
back
into
the
Ruins
of
their
original
Language
,
and
try
whether
they
cannot
meet
with
Expressions
of
a
stronger
meaning
,
than
that
loose
and
verbal
Harangue
of
our
Neighbours
,
agreeable
indeed
to
the
Humour
of
an
effeminate
Nation
,
but
by
no
means
suited
to
the
masculine
Genius
of
the
English
.
This
way
of
restoring
our
old
Words
has
been
of
late
practis'd
,
with
good
success
,
by
a
very
eminent
Author
.
SECT
.
II
.
Of
the
ancient
State
of
BRITAIN
.
The
name
Britannia
and
Insulae
Britannicae
were
of
a
large
extent
among
the
Ancients
,
and
us'd
sometimes
to
signifie
all
the
Islands
lying
in
this
Western
part
of
the
World
.
But
to
restrain
them
to
the
more
limited
acceptation
:
Britain
(
as
I
observ'd
before
)
was
so
little
known
to
Julius
Caesar
,
that
,
as
one
says
,
He
rather
shew'd
it
to
the
Romans
than
subjected
it
to
the
Empire
.
So
that
his
accounts
of
it
are
short
and
lame
,
rather
taken
from
report
than
any
certain
knowledge
he
could
have
of
their
Affairs
.
He
tells
us
,
That
all
the
Sea-coasts
over
against
Gaul
were
peopl'd
from
that
Country
,
but
that
the
inner
parts
were
Aborigines
,
or
sprung
out
o'
the
Ground
;
which
is
a
fair
Confession
that
he
knew
nothing
o'
the
matter
.
Had
he
drawn
the
In-landers
from
the
same
Original
as
he
did
the
Sea-coasts
,
he
had
light
upon
that
by
Conjecture
which
after-Ages
have
found
reason
to
advance
into
an
establish'd
Opinion
.
The
British
Language
is
so
much
of
a
piece
with
the
old
Gaulish
(
as
near
as
we
can
judge
by
the
broken
remains
that
are
left
us
of
this
latter
;
)
the
Customs
of
both
Nations
were
so
alike
;
and
't
is
likewise
so
very
natural
to
imagin
,
that
after
the
propagation
of
Mankind
,
in
their
progress
Westward
and
their
quest
after
new
Countries
,
out
of
Gaul
they
should
come
over
into
Britain
,
lying
within
Sight
;
that
an
impartial
Judge
cannot
stick
in
this
point
.
Let
it
suffice
here
barely
to
have
recited
the
common
Heads
from
which
the
Arguments
for
this
Opinion
are
fetched
;
especially
since
the
great
Oracle
of
our
Nation
,
Mr.
Camden
,
has
prov'd
every
Particular
with
such
a
strength
of
Reason
and
Judgment
as
puts
the
matter
beyond
Dispute
.
I
know
the
Britains
are
very
proud
of
their
original
from
the
Trojans
,
and
would
fain
have
Brutus
to
have
left
his
Name
to
the
whole
Island
;
but
the
same
Author
has
considered
their
pretences
to
that
Title
so
exactly
,
and
convinc'd
them
so
fully
of
their
Mistake
,
that
if
any
thing
could
,
nothing
need
be
added
to
what
he
has
left
us
.
Claudius
was
the
next
Man
that
came
among
us
,
who
by
his
own
Conduct
and
that
of
Aulus
Plautius
,
made
his
way
into
the
more
inward
parts
of
the
Island
,
by
the
defeat
of
the
Britains
.
After
these
,
Vespasian
,
Publius
Ostorius
,
and
Paulinus
Suetonius
,
prov'd
very
troublesom
to
the
Inhabitants
,
who
all
the
while
omitted
no
opportunities
of
returning
their
kindness
,
by
surprizing
the
Roman
Legions
,
entring
into
Confederacies
against
their
new
Governors
,
and
more
than
once
breaking
out
into
actual
Rebellion
.
But
it
was
Agricola
,
who
under
Vespasian
,
Titus
and
Domitian
,
gave
the
finishing
stroke
to
the
Conquest
of
Britain
;
not
by
the
same
methods
which
his
Predecessors
had
us'd
,
Hardships
and
Severities
,
but
by
the
more
gentle
ties
of
an
obliging
Humour
.
't
is
true
,
he
was
almost
continually
engaging
one
Party
or
other
of
them
,
for
eight
years
together
;
but
unless
his
good
Temper
had
seconded
this
success
of
his
Arms
,
though
he
might
quell
them
for
the
present
,
yet
he
had
left
them
in
an
entire
hatred
to
their
Roman
Lords
,
and
a
full
resolution
to
take
up
Arms
upon
the
first
opportunity
.
By
which
means
,
the
Supplies
necessary
to
defend
the
Garisons
,
would
have
cost
the
Romans
more
than
all
the
Revenue
of
the
Island
was
worth
.
But
he
observ'd
,
he
had
a
stubborn
morose
People
to
deal
with
;
a
Nation
that
was
inur'd
to
all
kinds
of
Hardship
:
and
therefore
instead
of
Threatnings
(
which
could
not
work
upon
them
)
he
betook
himself
to
artificial
Insinuations
,
and
began
to
encourage
the
Roman
Customs
and
Modes
of
living
.
This
softn'd
them
by
degrees
and
melted
them
down
into
Idleness
and
Luxury
;
so
that
in
a
short
time
,
he
had
par'd
off
that
aversion
to
the
Romans
,
and
happy
was
the
Man
that
could
imitate
them
most
.
To
the
Romans
succeeded
the
SAXONS
,
whoe
ame
over
upon
this
occasion
.
In
the
Reign
of
Valentinian
the
Younger
,
the
necessities
of
the
Empire
abroad
,
had
oblig'd
the
Romans
not
only
to
recall
most
of
their
own
Forces
out
of
Britain
,
but
also
to
deprive
the
Island
of
her
own
native
Strength
by
their
frequent
Levies
.
The
Scots
and
Picts
(
two
Warlike
People
)
laid
hold
of
this
opportunity
of
plundring
the
Frontiers
,
and
making
in-roads
into
the
Territories
of
the
Britains
,
who
by
this
time
were
quite
dis-spirited
by
Slavery
,
and
had
suffer'd
their
own
native
Courage
to
dwindle
into
Ease
and
Cowardise
.
In
this
condition
,
all
the
refuge
they
had
,
was
to
fly
to
the
Romans
,
who
had
neither
left
them
Forces
to
protect
them
,
nor
(
which
is
worse
)
a
manly
resolute
Spirit
to
stand
upon
their
own
Guard
.
The
Romans
were
too
warmly
engag'd
nearer
home
,
to
relieve
them
;
upon
which
they
send
the
same
request
to
the
Saxons
,
who
had
fully
convinc'd
them
of
their
Courage
,
by
their
frequent
Piracies
upon
our
Coasts
,
even
while
the
Romans
continu'd
among
us
.
So
that
we
find
under
the
later
Emperors
,
the
Comes
Littoris
Saxonici
,
or
Count
of
the
Saxon
Shore
,
to
have
been
a
standing
Officer
,
whose
business
it
was
to
guard
the
Sea-coasts
against
their
In-roads
and
Depredations
.
Upon
this
application
,
they
come
over
,
repel
the
Enemy
,
and
are
mightily
pleas'd
with
their
new
Quarters
,
especially
being
a
little
straitn'd
at
home
.
In
short
,
they
begin
to
lay
hold
of
all
occasions
for
a
Quarrel
with
the
Britains
,
pretend
they
had
not
stood
to
their
Terms
;
and
carry
on
their
Designs
so
succesfully
,
that
they
never
desisted
till
they
had
Banish'd
the
old
Inhabitants
,
and
made
themselves
Masters
of
the
greatest
part
of
the
Island
.
The
DANES
about
the
year
800
,
though
they
had
not
so
fair
a
pretence
of
coming
over
,
yet
by
main
force
edg'd
themselves
in
among
the
Saxons
,
and
us'd
them
much
at
the
same
rate
as
that
People
had
done
the
Britains
.
They
Robb'd
and
Plunder'd
,
till
they
had
forc'd
them
to
a
Composition
,
and
had
Lands
assign'd
them
in
such
and
such
parts
of
the
Kingdom
.
Nor
would
they
be
content
with
this
;
but
made
frequent
Incursions
into
their
Neighbours
Territories
,
which
occasion'd
the
raising
of
that
sort
of
Tax
call'd
Danegelt
,
a
Bribe
to
keep
them
from
overrunning
the
Kingdom
.
But
neither
did
this
do
.
Their
Insolence
was
such
,
that
the
English
could
not
long
bear
it
;
so
,
entring
into
a
secret
Plot
,
they
made
a
general
havock
of
them
in
one
single
Night
,
putting
them
all
to
the
Sword
.
At
this
,
Sueno
,
King
of
the
Danes
,
was
highly
enrag'd
,
and
to
revenge
the
Injury
,
Invaded
England
with
a
strong
Army
,
and
possessed
himself
of
the
Crown
;
which
was
enjoy'd
only
by
four
Kings
of
that
Race
,
and
then
return'd
to
the
Saxons
.
Scarce
had
the
Saxons
recover'd
their
ancient
Rights
and
Government
,
but
they
fell
into
a
worse
Confusion
,
upon
the
Death
of
Edward
the
Confessor
.
He
was
an
easie
Prince
,
and
rather
enclin'd
to
attend
the
duties
of
Religion
than
the
secular
affairs
of
his
Kingdom
.
Leaving
no
issue
behind
him
,
the
title
to
the
Crown
came
to
be
contested
by
two
very
powerful
Parties
,
who
yet
had
neither
of
'em
any
right
to
it
;
for
Edgar
Atheling
was
the
only
Man
then
living
of
the
Saxon
Line
.
But
Harold
Earl
Godwin's
Son
,
took
advantage
of
his
tender
years
and
possessed
himself
of
the
Throne
.
William
D.
of
Normandy
,
afterwards
stiled
the
Conqueror
,
took
these
proceedings
very
hainously
,
imagining
,
that
by
his
relation
to
that
Family
,
by
virtue
of
the
Confessor's
Promise
when
he
was
Banish'd
into
Normandy
,
and
also
Harold's
obligation
to
see
it
discharg'd
,
he
had
fairer
pretentions
than
any
other
.
Whereupon
he
landed
with
a
powerful
Army
,
Conquer'd
the
English
in
a
set
Battle
,
(
wherein
Harold
was
Slain
)
and
immediately
took
possession
of
the
Government
SECT
.
IV
.
The
Civil
Government
of
BRITAIN
.
Of
the
Administration
of
the
ancient
Britains
,
we
have
these
two
general
Heads
left
us
by
Julius
Caesar
,
That
in
times
of
Peace
,
the
Druids
had
the
conduct
of
all
Civil
Affairs
;
and
in
times
of
War
they
chose
some
one
of
remarkable
Courage
to
be
General
of
their
Forces
,
upon
that
Expedition
.
The
Romans
Govern'd
it
by
their
Propraetors
and
other
Sub-ordinate
Officers
,
who
were
to
act
according
to
Instructions
from
Rome
,
and
had
some
Legions
ready
for
their
defence
upon
any
emergent
occasion
.
But
the
Saxons
as
they
gain'd
Ground
,
settl'd
so
many
distinct
Kingdoms
;
which
upon
their
entire
Conquest
,
amounted
to
Seven
,
and
have
been
since
stil'd
the
Saxon
Heptarchy
.
The
names
of
them
,
with
their
Extent
and
Jurisdiction
,
are
as
follows
:
The
Saxon
Heptarchy
.
-
1.
The
Kingdom
of
Kent
contain'd
-
The
County
of
-
Kent
-
2.
The
Kingdom
of
the
South-Saxons
contain'd
-
The
Counties
of
-
Sussex
-
Surrey
.
-
3.
The
Kingdom
of
the
East-Angles
contain'd
-
The
Counties
of
-
Norfolk
-
Suffolk
-
Cambridge
,
with
the
Isle
of
Ely
.
-
4.
The
Kingdom
of
the
West-Saxons
contain'd
-
The
Counties
of
-
Cornwall
-
Devon
-
Dorset
-
Somerset
-
Wilts
-
Hants
-
Berks
.
-
5.
The
Kingdom
of
Northumberland
contain'd
-
The
Counties
of
-
Lancaster
-
York
-
Durham
-
Cumberland
-
Westmoreland
-
Northumberland
and
Scotland
to
the
Fryth
of
Edenburg
.
-
6.
The
Kingdom
of
the
East-Saxons
contain'd
-
The
Counties
of
-
Essex
-
Middlesex
,
and
part
of
Hertfordshire
.
-
7.
The
Kingdom
of
Mercia
contain'd
-
The
Counties
of
-
Glocester
-
Hereford
-
Worcester
-
Warwick
-
Leicester
-
Rutland
-
Northampton
-
Lincoln
-
Huntingdon
-
Bedford
-
Buckingham
-
Oxford
-
Stafford
-
Derby
-
Shropshire
-
Nottingham
-
Chester
,
and
the
other
part
of
-
Hertfordshire
.
But
though
these
were
distinct
Kingdoms
,
yet
still
there
was
a
face
of
Monarchy
in
the
Nation
;
and
the
Prince
that
was
most
Powerful
of
the
Seven
,
generally
Lorded
it
over
the
rest
,
as
if
they
had
been
only
so
many
Tributary
Kings
.
For
they
were
continually
at
War
one
with
another
,
and
the
Conqueror
always
taking
the
Dominions
of
the
Enemy
into
his
own
Kingdom
,
they
all
came
at
last
into
that
of
the
West-Saxons
,
under
King
Egbert
;
who
by
a
publick
Edict
,
order'd
the
whole
Kingdom
to
be
stil'd
Engla-land
,
which
we
have
now
contracted
into
England
.
One
of
his
Successors
,
presently
upon
this
,
took
the
Title
of
King
of
Great
Britain
,
and
another
that
of
Monarch
of
all
Albion
.
The
Succession
of
our
English
Monarchs
from
Egbert
,
is
thus
:
Came
to
the
Crown
.
-
EGbert
800
-
S.
Ethelwolf
837
-
Ethelbald
,
857
-
Ethelbert
,
858
-
Ethelred
,
863
-
Alfred
,
873
-
Edward
the
Elder
,
900
-
Athelstan
,
925
-
Edmund
940
-
Eldred
946
-
Edwin
,
955
-
Edgar
,
959
-
S.
Edward
,
Martyr
,
975
-
Ethelred
,
978
-
Edmund
Ironside
,
1016
The
Danish
Race
.
-
Canutus
,
1017
-
Harold
,
1037
-
Hardicnute
,
1041
The
Saxons
Re-possess'd
.
-
S.
Edward
,
1045
-
Harold
,
1066
The
Normans
.
-
William
the
Conqueror
,
1066
-
William
Rufus
,
1087
-
Henry
I.
1100
-
Stephen
,
1135
The
Saxon
Line
Restor'd
-
Henry
II
.
1154
-
Richard
I.
1189
-
John
,
1199
-
Henry
III
.
1216
-
Edward
I.
1272
-
Edward
II
.
1307
-
Edward
III
.
1326
-
Richard
II
.
1377
The
Line
of
Lancaster
.
-
Henry
IV
.
1399
-
Henry
V.
1412
-
Henry
VI
.
1422
The
Line
of
York
.
-
Edward
IV
.
1460
-
Edward
V.
1483
-
Richard
III
.
1483
The
Families
United
.
-
Henry
VII
.
1485
-
Henry
VIII
.
1509
-
Edward
VI
.
1546
-
Q.
Mary
1553
-
Q.
Elizabeth
,
1558
Union
of
the
Kingdoms
.
-
James
I.
1603
-
Charles
I.
1625
-
Charles
II
.
1648
-
James
II
.
1685
-
WILLIAM
III
.
1689
and
-
MARY
II
.
1689
The
King
is
Supreme
in
all
Causes
,
both
Ecclesiastical
and
Civil
;
having
the
same
Power
,
in
Matters
relating
to
the
Church
,
that
the
Pope
had
,
before
this
Island
disown'd
his
Jurisdiction
under
Henry
VIII
.
But
yet
he
cannot
enact
Laws
singly
and
by
himself
,
but
must
have
the
Concurrence
of
the
Lords
Spiritual
and
Temporal
and
of
the
Commons
assembled
in
Parliament
,
before
any
thing
can
pass
into
a
Law
.
The
Parliament
does
not
meet
but
upon
the
more
weighty
Affairs
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
are
both
call'd
and
dissolv'd
at
the
King's
Pleasure
,
who
is
suppos'd
to
be
Judge
of
the
Exigencies
of
the
Nation
.
This
is
the
supreme
Court
,
wherein
Causes
are
finally
determin'd
,
and
from
which
there
lies
no
Appeal
;
whereas
,
Appeals
are
made
to
this
from
the
other
Courts
.
The
chief
Courts
are
,
1.
The
King's-Bench
,
so
call'd
,
because
the
King
us'd
to
sit
there
in
Person
;
but
now
administers
Justice
by
a
Lord
Chief
Justice
,
and
three
more
Judges
,
or
as
many
as
he
shall
think
fit
.
2.
The
Common
Pleas
(
from
determining
Pleas
between
Subject
and
Subject
)
consists
of
a
Lord
Chief
Justice
of
the
Common
Pleas
,
and
three
other
Judges
to
assist
him
.
3.
The
Exchequer
(
from
a
Table
at
which
they
sat
;
)
where
all
Matters
belonging
to
the
King's
Revenue
are
determin'd
by
the
great
Officers
and
Judges
belonging
to
it
,
viz.
The
Lord
Treasurer
,
the
Chancellor
of
the
Exchequer
,
the
Chief
Baron
,
and
four
other
Barons
.
4.
The
Chancery
,
(
so
call'd
from
sitting
within
the
Rails
or
Cancels
;
)
instituted
to
moderate
the
Rigour
of
the
Law
,
which
by
reason
of
an
infinite
number
of
unforeseen
Circumstances
that
attend
a
great
many
Causes
,
is
too
often
Oppression
and
Injustice
.
Hither
,
therefore
,
they
make
their
Appeals
,
who
think
themselves
injur'd
by
the
Letter
of
the
Law
:
And
if
it
appears
that
they
have
Equity
on
their
Side
,
the
Judgments
given
upon
strict
Law
are
revers'd
,
and
the
Parties
reliev'd
.
In
this
Court
is
the
Lord
Chancellor
,
or
Lord
Keeper
of
the
Great
Seal
,
and
twelve
Masters
of
Chancery
,
as
Assessors
,
the
chief
whereof
is
the
Keeper
of
the
Rolls
.
5.
The
Court
of
Admiralty
,
where
Sentence
is
given
in
Marine
Affairs
,
by
the
Admiral
of
England
,
a
Judge
,
two
Clerks
,
&c.
6.
The
Court
of
Requests
(
from
the
Petitions
receiv'd
there
)
managed
by
the
Lord
Privy
Seal
,
the
Masters
of
the
Requests
,
a
Clerk
and
two
or
three
Attorneys
.
The
Court
of
Wards
and
Liveries
(
from
taking
Cognisance
of
the
Causes
of
Minor's
)
and
the
Court
of
Star-Chamber
(
which
was
chiefly
to
restrain
the
Exorbitances
of
Great
Men
,
and
punish
Misdemeanors
,
&c.
)
are
both
abolish'd
.
Besides
these
Courts
,
the
King
,
for
the
Ease
of
the
Subject
,
sends
down
two
Judges
into
each
County
;
the
one
of
Life
and
Death
,
and
the
other
of
Nisi
Prius
,
who
are
to
determine
Causes
without
putting
the
Parties
to
the
Trouble
and
Expence
of
giving
Attendance
at
the
Superior
Courts
;
except
where
the
Case
is
weighty
and
difficult
,
and
then
it
is
referr'd
to
a
Tryal
at
Westminster
:
And
as
these
Circuits
were
contriv'd
for
the
Ease
of
the
Nation
in
general
;
so
for
the
Peace
and
good
Government
of
each
particular
County
,
the
King
has
his
Lord
Lieutenants
,
whose
Care
it
is
that
the
State
suffer
no
Damage
.
Each
County
also
has
it
's
Sheriff
,
who
is
to
get
up
the
Publick
Revenues
,
to
attend
the
Judges
,
to
take
care
that
such
as
are
condemn'd
be
duely
executed
,
&c.
And
several
Justices
of
the
Peace
,
who
may
Commit
for
Felonies
,
Trespasses
and
other
Misdemeanours
.
Before
the
Conquest
,
we
find
that
England
,
according
to
its
several
Branches
,
was
govern'd
by
three
sorts
of
LAWS
,
the
West-Saxenlage
,
the
Danelage
and
the
Merchenlage
.
For
as
the
Authority
,
which
the
first
and
last
of
these
three
bore
in
the
Heptarchy
,
was
sufficient
to
establish
their
own
Laws
in
their
neighbouring
Countries
;
so
the
Power
to
which
the
Danes
arriv'd
,
did
effectually
engage
such
Places
as
they
over-ran
most
,
in
the
Use
of
their
Customs
and
ways
of
Living
.
But
upon
William
the
Conqueror's
coming
in
,
these
Laws
were
in
a
great
measure
laid
aside
.
At
first
,
he
intended
to
have
brought
in
the
Norman
Usages
,
and
to
have
establish'd
them
here
entire
;
till
he
found
the
Humor
of
the
English
very
much
set
upon
their
own
Laws
,
and
so
was
induced
,
from
a
prudent
Regard
to
his
own
Safety
,
only
to
Reform
,
Alter
,
Add
,
&c.
but
so
,
that
the
old
Body
was
his
Foundation
.
Tho'
in
his
whole
management
of
Affairs
,
he
omitted
no
Opportunities
either
of
Force
or
Insinuation
,
to
discourage
the
establish'd
Customs
,
and
to
wean
them
from
the
Affection
they
had
to
the
Usages
of
their
Fore-fathers
.
Thus
,
he
won
upon
them
by
degrees
,
till
he
had
confirm'd
himself
in
his
New
Conquests
,
and
in
an
absolute
Power
,
or
something
that
look'd
very
like
it
;
especially
,
if
we
take
an
Estimate
from
his
Arbitrary
Proceedings
towards
the
English
,
rather
than
from
his
fair
Words
,
Contracts
and
Promises
;
which
Conquerors
,
when
they
find
them
inconsistent
with
their
Designs
,
seldom
want
either
Inclination
or
Pretences
to
break
and
cast
off
.
But
the
succeeding
Kings
(
whether
for
want
of
Policy
,
or
Courage
,
or
both
)
found
it
hard
to
maintain
themselves
in
that
absolute
manner
of
Government
,
and
to
complete
what
their
Predecessor
had
begun
.
For
the
People
began
to
insist
upon
their
Liberties
(
whether
justly
or
unjustly
,
I
shall
not
determine
;
't
is
a
Controversie
has
cost
Pains
and
Paper
enough
already
)
omitted
no
Advantages
of
Wars
abroad
or
Disturbances
at
home
,
whereby
they
might
gain
Ground
and
extort
new
Privileges
.
More
especially
,
in
the
Reigns
of
King
John
and
Henry
III
.
they
broke
into
open
Wars
,
for
the
Redress
of
Grievances
;
and
brought
them
to
such
Straits
,
that
they
were
glad
to
come
off
by
submitting
to
the
Regulations
insisted
upon
,
and
by
admitting
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
into
a
nearer
Share
of
the
Government
.
Whereupon
,
the
Great
Charter
,
call'd
Magna
Charta
,
was
granted
,
and
Statutes
began
to
be
made
according
to
the
Necessities
of
the
Kingdom
;
by
which
,
and
the
Common
Law
,
or
the
common
Usages
of
the
Nation
,
our
Law-Courts
proceed
at
this
Day
,
in
their
Judgments
and
Decrees
.
SECT
.
IV
.
The
Ecclesiastical
Government
.
The
Church
of
England
is
govern'd
by
two
Archbishops
and
twenty
five
Bishops
.
The
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
is
Primate
of
all
England
;
the
Archbishop
of
York
is
Primate
of
England
,
but
not
of
all
England
:
A
Controversie
which
caus'd
a
great
many
hot
Disputes
and
Quarrels
,
but
was
at
last
determin'd
in
favour
of
Canterbury
,
against
all
the
Pleas
and
Arguments
brought
by
the
other
for
Independencie
and
Freedom
.
The
Archbishopricks
and
Bishopricks
,
with
their
Extent
and
Jurisdiction
,
will
best
appear
from
the
following
Scheme
.
|
|
Contains
|
Within
the
Province
of
Canterbury
,
which
hath
Part
of
Kent
for
its
own
peculiar
Diocess
,
are
,
|
Rochester
|
The
other
Part
of
Kent
.
|
London
|
Essex
,
Middlesex
,
and
Part
of
Hertfordshire
.
|
Chichester
|
Sussex
.
|
Winchester
|
Hampshire
,
Surrey
and
Isle
of
Wight
,
with
Gernsey
and
Jersey
.
|
Salisbury
|
Wiltshire
and
Berkshire
.
|
Exeter
|
Devonshire
and
Cornwall
.
|
Bathe
and
Wells
|
Somersetshire
.
|
Glocester
|
Glocestershire
.
|
Worcester
|
Worcestershire
,
and
Part
of
Warwickshire
.
|
Hereford
|
Herefordshire
and
Part
of
Shropshire
.
|
Lichfield
and
Coventry
.
|
Staffordshire
,
Derbyshire
,
and
the
other
Part
of
Warwickshire
,
with
Part
of
Shropshire
.
|
Lincoln
|
Lincolnshire
,
Leicestershire
,
Huntingdonshire
,
Bedfordshire
,
Buckinghamshire
,
and
the
other
Part
of
Hertfordshire
.
|
Ely
|
Cambridgeshire
and
the
Isle
of
Ely
.
|
Norwich
|
Norfolk
and
Suffolk
.
|
Oxford
|
Oxfordshire
.
|
Peterburrow
|
Northamptonshire
and
Rutlandshire
.
|
Bristol
|
Dorsetshire
.
|
To
these
add
Four
in
Wales
,
S.
Davids
,
Landaff
,
Banchor
and
S.
Asaph
.
|
Within
the
Province
of
York
,
which
hath
Yorkshire
and
Nottinghamshire
for
its
peculiar
Diocess
,
are
,
-
Chester
-
Cheshire
,
Richmondshire
,
Lancashire
,
Part
of
Cumberland
,
and
of
Westmorland
,
Flintshire
and
Denbighshire
.
-
Durham
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Durham
and
Northumberland
.
-
Carlisle
-
Part
of
Cumberland
and
of
Westmorland
.
-
Sodor
-
The
Isle
of
Man
.
As
to
the
Precedency
of
these
,
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
is
first
,
York
second
,
London
third
,
Durham
fourth
,
Winchester
fifth
;
and
the
rest
according
to
order
of
Consecration
.
As
in
the
Civil
Government
,
the
Parliament
is
the
Supreme
Court
,
so
is
a
Synod
in
the
Ecclesiastical
;
call'd
among
us
a
Convocation
:
Wherein
Matters
of
Doctrine
and
Discipline
are
from
time
to
time
stated
and
determin'd
,
and
by
the
King
and
Parliament
pass'd
into
Laws
.
The
chief
Courts
of
the
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
are
,
1.
The
Court
of
Arches
,
where
the
Dean
of
the
Arches
sits
as
Judge
.
2.
The
Court
of
Audience
,
where
all
Complaints
,
&c.
are
received
.
3.
The
Prerogative-Court
,
where
the
Business
of
Wills
is
handl'd
.
4.
The
Court
of
Faculties
,
where
the
Rigour
of
the
Canon-Law
is
moderated
.
5.
The
Court
of
Peculiars
,
wherein
is
lodg'd
a
Jurisdiction
over
Parishes
exempt
from
the
Bishop
of
the
Diocess
.
Besides
,
every
Bishop
holds
his
Court
within
his
own
Diocess
,
and
takes
Cognizance
of
Excommunications
,
Censures
,
and
other
things
relating
to
the
Church
.
SECT
.
V.
The
Divisions
of
England
.
The
most
remarkable
Divisions
of
England
,
are
these
three
.
1.
That
of
the
Romans
into
Britannia
prima
,
secunda
,
Maxima
Coesariensis
,
Valentia
,
Flavia
Caesariensis
.
The
Bounds
of
these
several
Branches
are
very
uncertain
,
and
can
only
be
gathered
from
Conjecture
.
Britannia
prima
seems
to
have
been
the
South
Part
of
Britain
.
Secunda
probably
was
Wales
.
Maxima
Coesariensis
and
Valentia
seem
to
have
been
those
Countries
that
lay
upon
the
Frontiers
of
Scotland
.
And
Flavia
Coesariensis
was
likely
enough
the
Heart
of
England
.
2.
That
of
the
Saxons
,
into
seven
Kingdoms
;
whereof
we
have
given
an
Account
,
under
Sect
.
3.
concerning
the
Civil
Government
.
3.
That
of
King
Alfred
,
into
Hundreds
(
call'd
in
some
Parts
of
England
,
Wapentakes
)
and
Counties
.
Besides
these
,
the
Romans
branch'd
it
into
so
many
several
People
,
the
Names
whereof
are
generally
of
a
British
Original
,
relating
either
to
the
Figure
of
the
Place
,
the
Nature
of
the
Soil
,
or
the
Disposition
of
the
Inhabitants
.
This
Division
cannot
be
more
conveniently
represented
,
than
in
a
Table
along
with
the
Counties
of
England
,
as
they
stand
at
this
Day
,
and
fall
within
the
Bounds
of
the
several
People
.
Danmonii
-
Cornwall
,
-
Devonshire
.
Durotriges
.
-
Dorsetshire
.
Belgae
,
-
Somersetshire
,
-
Wiltshire
,
-
Hamshire
,
-
Isle
of
Wight
.
Atrebates
,
-
Barkshire
.
Regni
,
-
Surrey
,
-
Sussex
.
Cantium
.
-
Kent
.
Dobuni
.
-
Glocestershire
,
-
Oxfordshire
.
Cattieuchlani
.
-
Buckinghamshire
,
-
Bedfordshire
,
-
Hertfordshire
.
Trinobantes
.
-
Middlesex
,
-
Essex
.
Iceni
.
-
Suffolk
,
-
Norfolk
,
-
Cambridgeshire
,
-
Huntingdonshire
.
Coritani
.
-
Northamptonshire
,
-
Leicestershire
,
-
Rutlandshire
,
-
Lincolnshire
,
-
Nottinghamshire
,
-
Derbyshire
.
Cornavii
.
-
Warwickshire
,
-
Worcestershire
,
-
Staffordshire
,
-
Shropshire
,
-
Cheshire
.
Silures
,
-
Herefordshire
,
-
Radnorshire
,
-
Brecknockshire
,
-
Monmouthshire
,
-
Glamorganshire
.
Dimetae
.
-
Caermardhinshire
,
-
Penbrokshire
,
-
Cardiganshire
.
Ordevices
.
-
Montgomeryshire
,
-
Meirionydhshire
,
-
Caernarvonshire
,
-
Anglesey
,
Mona
.
-
Denbighshire
,
-
Flintshire
.
Brigantes
.
-
Yorkshire
,
West-riding
,
-
East-riding
,
-
North-riding
,
-
Richmondshire
,
-
Bishoprick
of
Durham
,
-
Lancashire
,
-
Westmorland
,
-
Cumberland
.
Ottadini
.
-
Northumberland
.
CORNWALL
.
THE
County
of
CORNWALL
has
its
Name
from
lessening
by
degrees
into
a
sort
of
Horn
:
which
very
exactly
answers
the
Nature
and
Form
of
that
Tract
;
as
may
be
seen
either
by
the
General
or
particular
Maps
.
As
it
lies
out
from
the
rest
of
the
Kingdom
,
so
had
it
formerly
it
's
Laws
and
Usages
distinct
from
England
.
But
't
is
by
degrees
reconcil'd
not
only
to
the
same
Laws
,
but
even
to
the
same
Language
.
Now
,
few
or
none
among
them
know
any
thing
of
the
old
Cornish
;
having
a
great
Fondness
for
the
English
Tongue
and
Modes
of
Living
.
Their
greatest
Commodity
is
Tin
;
which
has
given
occasion
to
an
Opinion
that
the
Phoenicians
traded
thither
,
and
left
Name
not
only
to
the
County
in
General
,
but
to
a
great
many
Particular
Places
in
it
.
But
whatever
Advantage
might
be
reap'd
from
the
Mines
anciently
(
which
probably
was
very
considerable
;
)
't
is
certain
that
the
Earls
of
Cornwall
have
been
prodigiously
enrich'd
by
the
Revenues
arising
from
them
.
Nor
could
it
be
well
otherwise
;
all
Europe
fetching
their
Supplies
,
at
least
the
greatest
share
of
them
,
from
these
Parts
.
Which
vast
In-comes
have
induc'd
the
Earls
to
grant
them
large
Privileges
;
to
procure
them
such
Charters
from
Time
to
Time
as
might
tend
to
the
Improvement
of
their
Trade
or
Convenience
of
Management
,
and
to
erect
Courts
and
constitute
Officers
,
in
a
Method
agreeable
to
the
Nature
of
the
Employment
,
and
the
Humor
of
the
People
.
't
is
observable
,
That
through
the
whole
County
,
abundance
of
Towns
are
scatter'd
,
which
have
their
Names
from
Irish
Saints
,
who
had
come
over
into
these
Parts
;
and
on
account
of
their
Piety
and
Religious
Course
of
Life
had
a
wonderful
Veneration
paid
them
.
And
after
their
Deaths
,
the
particular
Places
wherein
they
had
spent
their
Time
in
Devotions
and
Retirement
,
were
consecrated
to
their
Names
,
and
had
signal
Pieces
of
respect
paid
them
by
their
Neighbours
.
The
most
Remarkable
Places
are
,
-
Falmouth
,
-
Launston
,
-
Truro
,
-
Wadebridge
,
-
Fawey
,
-
Saltash
,
-
S.
Columbs
.
Falmouth
,
a
Town
of
a
very
considerable
Trade
,
which
the
Convenience
of
the
Harbour
brings
to
it
.
't
is
a
Port
very
Large
,
and
withal
Safe
,
by
reason
of
the
Creeks
on
all
Sides
,
which
protect
it
against
the
Violence
of
Winds
and
Storms
.
The
two
Forts
,
one
on
each
Side
,
viz.
S.
Maudit's
and
Pendinas
,
render
it
a
Place
of
yet
greater
Strength
and
Security
.
Launston
,
on
the
East-Side
of
the
County
(
call'd
in
Domesday
Launstaveton
,
from
a
College
there
dedicated
to
S.
Stephen
)
is
two
Towns
,
now
grown
into
one
,
and
is
become
so
considerable
that
the
Assizes
are
always
held
in
it
.
Truro
,
a
Mayor-Town
,
suppos'd
to
be
so
call'd
from
it
's
three
Streets
;
but
especially
considerable
in
those
Parts
for
the
more
than
ordinary
concern
that
it
has
in
the
Stannaries
.
Wadebridge
,
about
5
miles
from
Padstow
,
is
remarkable
for
a
Bridge
of
seventeen
Arches
,
the
largest
by
much
in
the
whole
Country
.
Fawey
,
a
Haven
on
the
South-Side
of
the
County
,
remarkable
for
Sea-Fights
;
and
has
in
Memory
of
them
,
for
its
Arms
,
a
Compound
of
those
of
the
Cinque-Ports
.
Saltash
,
on
the
West-Side
of
the
River
Tamar
,
a
Town
conveniently
seated
for
Trade
,
well
stor'd
with
Merchants
,
and
endow'd
with
good
Privileges
.
S.
Columbs
,
not
far
from
the
Irish-Sea
,
tho'
a
Place
of
no
great
Trade
or
Resort
,
is
made
famous
by
its
Relation
to
S.
Columba
,
a
very
pious
Woman
,
from
whom
it
had
the
Name
.
Ancient
Places
.
Voluba
seems
to
have
left
its
Name
in
our
present
Falmouth
,
before-mention'd
.
Belerium
can
be
no
other
than
the
Land's-End
;
call'd
also
by
Ptolemy
{αβγδ}
or
Antivestaeum
.
Cenionis
ostium
,
cannot
any
where
be
plac'd
more
probably
than
at
that
large
Port
,
the
Conveniency
whereof
we
have
describ'd
under
Falmouth
.
Ocrinum
(
probably
so
call'd
from
Ochr
,
an
Edge
)
seems
to
be
that
Promontory
,
call'd
at
this
Day
,
the
Lizard
.
Uzella
seems
to
have
left
some
Remains
of
its
Name
in
the
present
Lestuthiel
,
which
was
a
Place
of
good
Note
and
Trade
,
till
the
Sands
stopping
up
the
River
,
hindred
Ships
from
coming
up
to
it
.
Tamara
is
the
River
which
parts
this
County
from
Devonshire
;
and
likewise
a
Town
upon
it
,
now
call'd
Tamerton
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Biscaw-woune
(
near
S.
Buriens
)
a
Place
so
call'd
,
where
are
nineteen
Stones
set
in
a
Circle
,
which
by
some
are
imagin'd
to
have
been
erected
in
Memory
of
a
Victory
.
But
if
we
compare
them
with
others
of
the
same
Nature
,
in
other
Parts
of
the
Kingdom
;
to
imagine
them
Funeral
Monuments
,
will
perhaps
be
a
more
plausible
Conjecture
.
Main-Amber
(
near
Pensans
)
a
stone
of
a
prodigious
Bigness
,
which
yet
was
so
plac'd
that
one
might
move
it
with
a
Finger
.
In
the
late
Civil
Wars
it
was
thrown
down
.
Other-half-stone
(
not
far
from
S.
Neot's
)
an
Inscription
,
with
large
barbarous
Letters
,
the
Reading
whereof
implies
it
to
have
been
a
Funeral
Monument
.
See
Camden's
Brit
.
Engl.
p.
9.
Wring-cheese
;
near
this
Place
,
is
a
large
Stone
like
a
Cheese
,
and
so
plac'd
between
some
others
,
that
it
seems
to
be
press'd
by
them
.
Hurlers
,
at
a
little
distance
,
is
a
square
Set
of
Stones
,
so
call'd
from
an
Opinion
advanc'd
by
the
common
People
,
that
they
are
so
many
Men
chang'd
into
Stones
for
hurling
the
Ball
,
on
Sunday
;
an
Exercise
for
which
they
have
been
exceeding
famous
.
But
we
need
not
acquiesce
in
their
foolish
Fancies
,
since
it
appears
plainly
enough
,
that
these
(
as
well
as
many
others
in
this
County
)
were
funeral
Monuments
;
from
a
Cross
discover'd
upon
one
of
them
,
by
a
very
ingenious
Gentleman
.
map of roads in England and Wales
A
New
Mapp
of
the
Roads
of
ENGLAND
Shewing
the
Reputed
distances
from
one
town
to
another
Note
that
the
Market
Townes
are
marked
thus
†
DEVONSHIRE
.
AS
Devonshire
in
the
Time
of
the
Romans
was
included
under
the
same
common
Name
,
Danmonii
,
with
its
Neighbour
Cornwall
;
so
in
after-Ages
did
it
share
in
several
Privileges
and
Advantages
.
Particularly
in
those
of
the
Tin-mines
,
which
it
had
in
great
abundance
;
as
the
four
Stannary-Courts
,
and
the
Officers
belonging
to
them
do
plainly
evince
.
Nay
,
by
the
best
Computations
which
can
be
drawn
from
the
Registers
and
Publick
Papers
belonging
to
each
County
,
it
appears
that
this
afforded
a
greater
Plenty
than
Cornwall
.
And
that
not
only
of
Tin
,
but
also
of
Silver
;
Mines
whereof
were
discover'd
about
Comb-Martin
,
in
the
Time
of
Edward
I.
and
did
great
Service
to
King
Edward
III
.
towards
carrying
on
the
French
Wars
.
The
Soil
of
it self
is
but
Lean
and
Poor
;
but
they
improve
it
strangely
,
by
a
sort
of
Sea-Sand
,
which
they
sprinkle
upon
it
:
And
where
that
is
scarce
,
they
make
use
of
Marie
,
Lime
,
and
burnt
Turf
.
The
more
considerable
Towns
,
are
,
-
Tavestock
,
-
Plimouth
,
-
Totnesse
,
-
Torbay
,
-
Tiverton
,
-
Exeter
,
-
Bernstaple
,
-
Topesham
,
-
Okehampton
.
Tavestock
,
adjoyning
to
Cornwall
,
is
not
at
present
remarkable
for
either
Wealth
or
Buildings
;
but
receives
all
its
Glory
from
the
old
Abbey
,
and
the
Laudable
Custom
of
reading
Saxon
Lectures
,
in
order
to
keep
up
the
Knowledge
of
our
old
Mother-Tongue
.
Plimouth
,
a
flourishing
Town
,
occasion'd
by
the
Convenience
of
its
Harbour
,
for
the
Reception
of
great
Ships
.
Which
the
Government
observing
,
has
pitch'd
upon
it
as
the
most
convenient
Place
in
those
Parts
,
for
the
Building
of
Ships
,
and
has
accommodated
it
with
a
Dry-Dock
,
capable
of
a
First-Rate-Ship
,
a
Bason
before
it
of
above
two
hundred
Foot
square
,
and
Houses
for
Officers
,
Stores
,
&c.
in
proportion
.
They
had
a
Mayor
granted
them
by
Henry
VI
.
who
governs
the
four
Wards
,
into
which
the
Town
is
divided
;
whereas
before
,
they
were
govern'd
by
four
distinct
Captains
(
for
so
they
term'd
them
)
and
their
inferior
Officers
.
The
Place
is
eminent
for
the
Birth
of
Sir
Francis
Drake
.
Totnesse
,
upon
the
River
Dert
,
was
formerly
a
Town
of
great
note
,
and
accordingly
had
very
considerable
Privileges
granted
it
by
the
Kings
of
England
.
The
Condition
of
it
at
present
,
will
not
bear
the
Character
which
it
formerly
had
.
Torbay
,
upon
the
Eastern
Coast
,
has
been
very
remarkable
and
much
talk'd
of
for
the
Landing
of
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
now
King
William
III
.
on
Nov.
5th
1688.
Tiverton
,
upon
the
Ex
,
is
remarkable
for
a
good
Free-School
,
and
for
its
Woollen-Trade
,
which
very
much
enriches
the
Inhabitants
.
EXETER
,
the
most
considerable
Place
in
all
these
Parts
,
stands
upon
a
gentle
Hill
,
and
is
encompass'd
with
a
Ditch
and
very
strong
Walls
.
That
the
Romans
knew
it
,
is
plain
from
the
Itinerary
of
Antoninus
,
which
begins
here
.
The
Saxons
came
then
into
the
entire
Possession
of
it
,
when
Athelstan
turn'd
out
the
Britains
,
who
had
not
'till
that
Time
solely
enjoy'd
it
,
but
had
the
Liberty
of
Living
in
common
with
the
Saxons
.
As
the
Kings
of
England
have
endow'd
it
with
many
Privileges
,
so
has
it
suffer'd
very
much
from
Sieges
:
Notwithstanding
all
which
,
it
might
however
have
been
more
considerable
than
it
is
at
this
day
,
if
the
Wears
of
Topesham
did
not
hinder
Ships
of
Burden
from
coming
up
to
the
City
,
as
they
formerly
did
.
On
the
East-Side
stands
the
Cathedral
,
built
by
King
Athelstan
,
and
by
Edward
III
.
honoured
with
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
.
Berstaple
,
on
the
Irish-Sea
,
is
a
neat
Town
,
govern'd
by
a
Mayor
,
two
Aldermen
,
and
a
Common-Council
of
twenty
four
.
't
is
a
Place
of
good
Trade
,
so
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
Inhabitants
are
Merchants
;
and
is
pretty
eminent
for
a
Bridge
,
built
by
one
Stamford
,
a
Citizen
of
London
.
Topesham
,
a
Town
near
Exeter
,
had
its
Rise
from
the
Misfortune
of
that
Place
:
For
upon
the
Obstructions
of
the
River
Ex
,
made
by
Edward
Courtney
,
Earl
of
Devonshire
,
upon
a
Displeasure
conceiv'd
against
the
Citizens
;
this
began
to
be
a
Place
of
Resort
,
where
the
Vessels
landed
,
and
from
whence
the
Lading
was
carry'd
by
Land
to
Exeter
.
But
in
the
Time
of
King
Charles
II
.
such
effectual
Endeavours
were
made
towards
the
removing
of
these
Damms
,
that
now
they
carry
Lighters
of
the
greatest
Burthen
up
to
the
City-Key
.
Okehampton
,
so
call'd
from
the
River
Ock
upon
which
it
stands
,
is
a
considerable
Market-Town
,
incorporated
by
King
James
I.
Ancient
Places
.
Isca
,
mention'd
by
Ptolemy
,
is
so
plainly
convey'd
to
us
in
the
present
Ex
,
call'd
by
the
Britains
Isc
;
that
there
's
no
place
of
doubt
,
but
this
is
the
same
River
.
Isca
Danmoniorum
,
is
our
Exeter
.
Moridunum
,
tho'
it
has
left
nothing
of
the
Name
,
seems
yet
to
have
its
Meaning
preserv'd
in
a
Sea-Coast-Town
,
call'd
at
this
Day
Seton
:
For
Mor
is
Mare
,
and
Dunum
a
Town
.
Herculis
Promontorium
is
easily
discover'd
by
the
present
Name
Herty-point
;
of
which
no
tolerable
Reason
can
be
given
,
unless
we
allow
it
to
be
a
Corruption
from
that
old
Name
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Lay-well
,
is
a
Well
near
Tor-bay
,
which
in
the
compass
of
an
Hour
Ebbs
and
Flows
several
Times
;
bubling
up
now
and
then
like
a
boiling
Pot
.
The
neighbouring
People
look
upon
it
to
be
Medicinal
in
some
sort
of
Fevers
.
At
Withicombe
,
in
a
Storm
of
Thunder
and
Lightning
(
14
Car
.
I.
)
a
Ball
of
Fire
came
into
the
Church
,
whilst
they
were
at
Divine
Service
,
which
kill'd
three
Persons
,
and
wounded
sixty
two
;
and
besides
,
did
Damage
to
the
value
of
300
l.
and
upwards
.
And
at
Crews-Morthard
,
in
the
same
County
,
a
like
Storm
happen'd
,
which
melted
the
Bells
,
Lead
and
Glass
;
and
was
so
violent
,
that
it
rent
the
Steeple
:
This
was
in
the
Year
1689.
The
Organ
in
the
Cathedral
of
Exeter
is
accounted
the
greatest
in
England
;
the
largest
Pipe
being
15
Inches
Diameter
.
At
North-Taunton
,
there
is
a
Pit
of
ten
Foot
deep
,
out
of
which
there
sometimes
springs
up
a
little
Brook
,
that
continues
for
many
Days
together
.
The
Common
People
tell
you
,
That
it
presages
some
Publick
Calamity
;
but
whether
the
particular
Times
,
at
which
it
has
been
observed
to
rise
,
will
justifie
that
Interpretation
,
I
know
not
.
DORSETSHIRE
.
THO'
the
County
of
Dorset
lies
much
upon
the
Sea
,
yet
have
they
not
those
Advantages
from
Navigation
,
or
such
Convenience
of
Harbours
,
as
other
Counties
that
have
less
Sea-Coast
.
Which
possibly
may
be
owing
,
in
some
measure
,
to
the
fruitfulness
of
their
Soil
,
which
both
employs
the
Inhabitants
,
and
supplies
them
with
all
Necessaries
of
Life
;
whilst
Parts
that
are
more
barren
send
the
Natives
to
Sea
,
both
to
spend
their
Time
and
provide
a
Maintenance
.
The
more
considerable
Towns
are
,
-
Lyme
,
-
Dorchester
,
-
Shirburn
,
-
Shaftesbury
,
-
Blanford
,
-
Winburn
.
Lyme
,
a
Place
of
good
Trade
and
well-stock'd
with
Merchants
,
lies
upon
the
Sea-Coast
,
near
the
Borders
of
Devonshire
.
Navigation
is
that
which
has
raised
it
from
a
very
mean
Condition
;
for
the
Convenience
whereof
they
have
built
a
very
remarkable
Peer
,
which
requires
a
great
Sum
of
Mony
yearly
to
maintain
it
.
This
Advantage
supplies
it
with
Wealth
at
home
;
but
that
which
has
given
it
a
name
abroad
,
was
the
Landing
of
the
Duke
of
Monmouth
,
upon
which
occasion
we
frequently
meet
with
it
in
the
Histories
of
those
Times
.
Dorchester
,
the
Place
from
which
the
whole
County
had
its
Name
,
must
,
for
that
Reason
,
have
been
formerly
of
much
more
note
than
it
is
at
present
.
Its
Decay
probably
is
owing
to
the
Revolutions
of
Wars
;
for
that
it
has
been
a
Place
of
Action
,
we
learn
both
from
our
Histories
and
the
Remains
of
Antiquity
they
still
meet
with
.
Of
late
Years
it
seems
to
have
recover'd
it self
;
being
thought
fit
to
have
the
Privilege
of
a
Mayor
and
Aldermen
bestow'd
upon
it
by
King
Charles
I.
Shirburn
,
upon
the
Edge
of
Somersetshire
,
derives
its
ancient
Glory
from
being
an
Episcopal
See
;
and
it
s
present
from
Populousness
,
and
their
Improvement
of
the
Woolen
Manufacture
.
Shaftesbury
seems
to
have
been
of
considerable
Note
in
the
Times
of
the
Saxons
;
in
whose
Histories
we
find
it
frequently
mention'd
.
That
it
was
built
by
King
Alfred
,
appears
from
a
Stone
dug
up
out
of
the
old
Ruins
;
the
Reading
whereof
Malmsbury
has
convey'd
to
us
.
It
grew
so
considerably
,
that
about
Edward
the
Confessor's
Time
it
had
no
less
than
104
Houses
.
Blandford
(
upon
the
Stour
)
a
pretty
Market-Town
,
which
ows
its
Beauty
to
a
Fire
that
happen'd
in
it
,
and
burnt
it
down
;
after
which
it
was
neatly
rebuilt
.
Winburne
,
upon
the
same
River
,
is
seated
at
the
Foot
of
a
Hill
;
being
pretty
large
and
populous
.
In
the
more
early
times
it
was
famous
upon
the
account
of
Religion
,
and
the
Nunnery
there
;
but
afterwards
for
being
a
Seat
of
War
in
the
Danish
Commotions
.
In
this
County
,
we
must
also
observe
Portland
,
an
Island
of
about
seven
Miles
Circumference
,
guarded
with
a
continued
Ridge
of
Rocks
running
round
it
.
The
Inhabitants
are
not
many
;
but
the
Soil
affords
good
store
of
Corn
and
Pasture
.
And
on
the
East-side
of
the
County
,
Purbeck
,
which
is
of
a
contrary
Nature
,
being
mostly
Heath
and
Wood
;
but
well
stock'd
with
Fallow-Deer
.
Ancient
Names
.
Durnovaria
,
mention'd
by
Antoninus
in
those
Parts
,
can
be
no
other
than
the
present
Dorchester
,
whether
we
respect
the
Name
,
the
Distances
,
or
the
Remains
of
Roman
Antiquity
,
which
they
trace
out
.
Vindogladia
also
discovers
it self
in
the
present
Name
of
Winburn
;
the
first
Syllable
whereof
is
manifestly
a
Relique
of
the
old
Denomination
:
And
the
second
(
which
implies
a
River
)
does
very
well
answer
the
Gladia
,
deriv'd
from
the
British
Clediau
,
Swords
;
by
which
Expression
they
sometimes
denoted
their
Rivers
.
Things
Remarkable
.
In
the
Isle
of
Portland
,
Wood
is
so
very
scarce
that
their
common
Fuel
is
Cow-Dung
dried
hard
by
the
Heat
of
the
Sun
;
which
being
so
order'd
makes
a
clear
Fire
,
without
any
offensive
smell
.
Maiden-castle
,
near
Dorchester
,
is
a
most
stately
Piece
of
Antiquity
,
and
appears
from
the
Form
,
Contrivance
,
and
other
Circumstances
,
to
have
been
a
Work
of
the
Romans
.
White-Hart-forest
,
on
the
Borders
of
Somersetshire
,
has
its
Name
from
a
White-hart
,
kill'd
by
a
Gentleman
of
this
Country
,
against
the
express
Order
of
King
Henry
III
.
For
which
Fact
,
there
is
yearly
paid
into
the
Exchequer
a
pecuniary
Mulct
,
call'd
White-hart-Silver
.
It
was
a
pleasant
Humor
,
and
a
very
lucky
Discovery
,
that
happen'd
some
Years
ago
near
Winford-Eagle
.
Digging
a
Barrow
or
Tumulus
,
the
Workmen
came
to
an
Oven
(
with
an
Urn
in
it
)
and
one
of
them
putting
forward
his
Hand
,
in
hopes
of
some
farther
Discoveries
,
found
it
too
hot
for
him
to
hold
it
long
there
.
't
is
probably
owing
to
some
Mineral
;
the
same
natural
Heat
being
commonly
discover'd
by
the
Miners
.
SOMERSETSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Somerset
is
not
so
well
accommodated
with
Harbours
,
as
might
be
expected
from
a
Tract
of
Ground
that
lies
so
much
to
the
Sea
.
In
some
Parts
it
is
exceeding
Marshy
;
but
in
others
affords
plenty
of
good
Corn
and
Pasture
.
The
more
considerable
Towns
are
,
-
BRISTOW
,
-
BATHE
,
-
WELLS
,
-
Bridgwater
,
-
Somerton
,
-
Taunton
.
BRISTOW
is
parted
by
the
River
Avon
,
which
divides
this
County
,
for
some
miles
together
,
from
Glocestershire
.
It
's
Wealth
and
Glory
cannot
be
of
any
great
Antiquity
,
because
we
find
very
little
or
no
mention
of
it
in
the
early
Times
of
the
Saxons
.
No
,
nor
in
the
Danish
Plunders
neither
;
which
few
Places
escap'd
,
that
had
Riches
enough
to
expose
them
to
the
Depredations
of
that
People
.
But
after
the
Conveniency
of
the
Place
for
Trade
with
most
Parts
of
Europe
,
was
observ'd
and
understood
;
then
the
Inhabitants
seem
to
have
flock'd
thither
,
and
by
their
good
Success
and
Commerce
to
have
improv'd
it
to
that
degree
of
Wealth
and
Beauty
,
it
may
justly
glory
of
at
this
Day
.
Their
Buildings
are
fair
,
the
Inhabitants
numerous
,
and
their
Churches
and
publick
Edifices
very
beautiful
.
To
these
Advantages
,
a
new
Honour
was
added
by
King
Henry
VIII
.
who
made
it
a
Bishop's
See
,
upon
the
Suppression
of
the
Monasteries
,
and
gave
it
for
its
Diocess
the
City
of
Bristow
(
a
County
incorporate
by
it self
)
and
the
County
of
Dorset
,
formerly
belonging
to
Salisbury
.
BATHE
stands
upon
the
same
River
,
and
has
the
same
Dignity
of
a
Bishop's
See
;
but
in
other
respects
falls
far
short
of
Bristow
.
It
lies
low
,
in
the
middle
of
a
Range
of
Hills
,
wherewith
it
is
very
much
fortified
.
This
natural
Strength
of
the
Place
was
,
no
doubt
,
the
reason
of
all
that
Bustle
and
Noise
which
the
Saxons
and
Britains
made
about
it
,
in
their
Engagements
in
those
Parts
.
It
's
Name
and
Reputation
have
both
the
same
Original
;
the
hot
Springs
,
I
mean
,
arising
there
,
which
many
Ages
have
known
,
but
none
have
experienc'd
so
Medicinal
as
the
present
.
Great
numbers
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
flock
thither
in
Summer-time
,
and
the
Physicians
begin
to
frequent
them
more
than
ever
:
Which
concourse
from
all
Parts
,
makes
it
a
little
strange
that
the
City
should
not
increase
more
in
Wealth
and
Buildings
.
As
it
affords
Remedies
to
the
Sick
,
so
does
it
give
a
great
Diversion
to
the
Antiquaries
,
by
shewing
a
vast
number
of
ancient
Monuments
and
Inscriptions
,
set
up
in
the
Walls
.
That
it
enjoys
the
Title
of
a
Bishop's
See
,
was
occasioned
by
Joannes
de
Villula
,
Bishop
of
Wells
,
removing
his
Seat
thither
,
about
the
Year
of
our
Lord
1088.
Whereupon
,
to
compose
a
Quarrel
which
had
risen
between
the
Monks
of
Bathe
and
Canons
of
Wells
about
the
Right
of
Election
;
it
was
agreed
among
other
things
,
That
the
Bishop
should
take
his
Title
from
both
Places
;
tho'
by
others
't
is
affirm'd
that
for
some
Years
after
,
he
was
only
call'd
Bishop
of
Bathe
.
WELLS
,
so
call'd
from
the
Wells
and
Springs
in
it
,
is
situated
at
the
Bottom
of
Mendip-Hills
.
It
was
made
a
Bishop's
See
by
Edward
the
Elder
,
about
the
Year
905.
and
the
Bishop
kept
his
Residence
in
it
,
till
John
de
Villula
,
the
Sixteenth
Bishop
,
having
purchas'd
the
Town
of
Bathe
of
King
Henry
I.
transferr'd
it
thither
.
The
Place
is
populous
,
and
very
beautiful
,
whether
you
respect
the
Publick
or
private
Buildings
.
Bridgewater
(
corruptly
so
call'd
from
Burgh-Walter
,
as
appears
by
the
ancient
Records
)
lies
upon
the
River
Parret
,
and
is
a
large
and
well-peopled
Town
.
Somerton
,
as
inconsiderable
as
it
is
at
present
,
was
once
the
chief
Town
in
this
County
;
as
may
be
reasonably
inferr'd
from
its
giving
Name
to
the
whole
;
and
from
the
frequent
mention
of
it
in
our
ancient
Histories
.
Taunton
,
a
Town
seated
upon
the
River
Thone
,
which
gives
it
the
Name
,
is
very
neat
and
beautiful
in
it self
;
but
render'd
much
more
agreeable
by
the
delicate
Prospect
it
gives
us
of
green
Meadows
,
and
numbers
of
pretty
Villages
all
round
.
Ancient
Places
.
Uzella
,
mention'd
by
Ptolemy
,
is
an
Aestuary
on
the
West
Side
of
this
County
,
occasion'd
by
the
concourse
of
two
large
Rivers
,
emptying
themselves
into
the
Sea
about
the
Stert-point
.
Ischalis
,
appears
from
the
Coins
and
other
Marks
of
Antiquity
,
that
are
dug
up
at
Ivelchester
(
a
Town
upon
the
River
Ivel
)
to
have
been
seated
at
that
Place
.
Aquae
Solis
,
by
the
Course
of
the
Itinerary
,
and
the
Import
of
the
Word
,
can
be
no
other
than
our
Bathe
;
especially
,
if
we
add
to
these
Evidences
,
the
Monuments
mention'd
to
be
found
,
in
the
Description
of
that
Place
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Ochie-hole
,
a
remarkable
Cave
in
Mendip-hills
,
of
a
vast
length
;
wherein
they
discover
several
Wells
and
Springs
.
The
Serpent-Stones
are
common
at
Cainsham
near
Bristow
.
Abundance
of
Diamonds
are
about
the
Rocks
near
Bristow
;
being
lodg'd
very
artificially
in
a
hollow
sort
of
Flint
.
A
Monument
of
large
Stones
,
not
unlike
that
of
Stone-henge
in
Wiltshire
,
is
at
Stanton-drew
in
this
County
;
but
being
interrupted
with
Buildings
and
Enclosures
,
it
is
not
so
much
taken
notice
of
as
it
might
otherwise
deserve
.
Cheddar-Cheeses
(
so
call'd
from
the
Place
near
Wells
,
where
they
are
made
)
are
so
large
as
sometimes
to
require
more
than
one
Man
to
set
them
upon
the
Table
.
The
Elvers
at
Bristow
is
a
Dish
perhaps
not
to
be
met
with
elswhere
:
't
is
a
sort
of
Eel
,
which
at
a
certain
Time
of
the
Year
,
swims
upon
the
Surface
of
the
Water
in
great
Numbers
.
These
they
skim
up
in
small
Nets
,
and
by
a
peculiar
way
of
Dressing
,
bake
into
little
Cakes
;
and
so
fry
,
and
serve
them
up
.
Amongst
the
Rarities
of
this
County
,
Glassenbury
may
justly
be
reckon'd
;
which
by
the
Remains
of
Religion
and
its
venerable
aspect
,
affords
abundance
of
Pleasure
to
a
curious
Admirer
of
Antiquities
.
WILTSHIRE
.
AS
the
County
of
Wilts
was
for
many
hundreds
of
Years
almost
a
constant
Scene
of
Action
in
the
Wars
between
the
Saxons
and
Britains
,
and
afterwards
between
the
several
Saxon
Kings
;
so
does
it
afford
greater
remains
of
Antiquity
than
perhaps
any
County
in
England
can
pretend
to
.
't
is
divided
into
North
and
South
;
and
agreeable
to
this
Division
,
is
of
a
different
Soil
and
Aspect
.
The
first
abounds
with
little
Hills
,
which
are
render'd
very
entertaining
by
the
small
Rivers
gliding
between
;
and
naturally
produces
much
Wood
.
The
latter
is
a
Champain
Fruitful
Country
.
Places
of
greatest
Note
,
are
-
Salisbury
,
-
Malmsbury
,
-
Devises
,
-
Marlburrow
,
-
Wilton
.
Salisbury
is
two-fold
,
the
Old
and
New
.
Old
Sarum
was
seated
upon
a
high
Hill
(
as
most
of
our
ancient
Towns
here
in
Britain
are
observ'd
to
have
been
)
being
a
place
chiefly
intended
for
Strength
,
and
a
defence
against
the
Enemy
.
But
what
was
a
security
against
Foreigners
,
prov'd
a
plague
to
the
Inhabitants
;
who
found
the
insolencies
of
the
Garison-Soldiers
to
be
such
,
that
they
seem'd
Intolerable
.
To
remedy
this
Evil
,
and
to
accommodate
themselves
with
the
convenience
of
Water
,
(
the
want
whereof
had
been
a
heavy
grievance
in
their
old
Quarters
)
they
began
to
remove
into
the
lower
Grounds
in
the
time
of
Richard
I.
where
they
laid
the
Foundations
of
New
Sarum
.
And
immediately
Richard
Poor
,
the
Bishop
,
began
a
most
stately
Cathedral
Church
,
which
at
this
day
has
deservedly
a
name
among
the
most
considerable
Structures
of
this
Island
.
The
Bishop's
See
was
remov'd
to
Salisbury
,
upon
the
uniting
of
Sherborn
and
Wilton
into
one
,
by
Hermannus
,
about
the
year
1056.
But
though
that
may
be
of
advantage
to
the
place
,
and
set
it
somewhat
forward
into
its
growing
condition
,
yet
it
could
never
have
arriv'd
to
that
Degree
of
Wealth
,
Populousness
and
Splendor
,
if
the
Western-road
had
not
been
turn'd
that
way
,
by
the
Authority
of
some
who
were
nearly
concern'd
for
its
Prosperity
.
Their
want
of
Water
was
amply
supplied
by
their
remove
from
the
higher
Grounds
;
for
now
every
Street
has
its
little
Rivulet
running
through
it
.
Malmsbury
,
though
at
present
a
handsom
Town
and
well
maintain'd
by
the
Cloathing-Trade
,
was
yet
formerly
much
more
considerable
on
account
of
its
Monastery
.
For
Maildulphus
an
Irish-Scot
leading
here
an
Hermit's
Life
,
left
behind
him
a
Scholar
(
Aldhelmus
)
a
very
eminent
Man
,
who
built
a
stately
Monastery
;
whereupon
the
place
was
call'd
Mealdelmesbyrig
,
and
by
contraction
Malmsbury
;
which
Name
seems
to
be
a
compound
of
Maildulphus
and
Aldhelmus
,
the
Master
and
the
Scholar
.
Devises
,
anciently
very
famous
for
a
strong
Castle
,
the
Government
whereof
has
been
thought
an
Honorable
Post
by
Persons
of
the
best
Quality
.
But
now
,
that
is
quite
Demolish'd
;
and
the
advantage
of
Peace
hath
given
it
what
is
much
more
valuable
,
a
good
Trade
,
a
thriving
People
,
and
plenty
of
every
thing
.
It
is
Govern'd
by
a
Mayor
,
Recorder
,
&c.
and
hath
in
it
two
great
Parishes
.
Marlburrow
,
upon
the
River
Kennet
,
runs
along
the
side
of
a
Hill
:
It
was
formerly
eminent
for
its
Castle
,
and
is
mention'd
in
our
Law-books
and
Courts
of
Justice
,
upon
account
of
the
Statute
made
here
for
the
suppression
of
Riots
,
in
32
Henry
III
.
call'd
to
this
day
Statutum
de
Marlburrow
.
The
Keep
of
the
old
Castle
is
figur'd
into
a
Mount
of
curious
contrivance
,
by
his
Grace
the
Duke
of
Somerset
,
the
Owner
of
it
.
Wilton
does
not
require
a
mention
upon
account
of
any
Figure
it
makes
at
this
day
,
but
may
justly
call
for
that
respect
,
as
being
once
the
chief
Town
in
the
whole
County
.
And
it
might
have
grown
as
well
as
its
Neighbours
,
had
it
been
allow'd
the
advantage
of
the
Western-road
,
which
at
first
it
enjoy'd
.
But
when
that
was
turn'd
through
Salisbury
,
the
rise
of
one
was
the
ruin
of
the
other
;
and
this
Place
has
ever
since
been
dwindling
by
degrees
into
that
low
condition
we
see
it
in
at
present
.
Ancient
Places
.
Cunetio
may
very
probably
be
settl'd
at
Marlburrow
,
the
Castle
there
appearing
from
Roman
Coins
to
be
of
Roman
Antiquity
.
Sorbiodunum
is
agree'd
upon
by
all
Authors
to
be
Old
Sarum
.
However
they
may
quarrel
about
the
original
of
the
Name
,
they
are
unanimous
in
their
opinion
of
its
Situation
.
Verlucio
,
keeps
something
of
its
name
in
the
present
Werminster
,
(
a
Town
lying
upon
the
little
River
Dever-ril
;
)
for
by
changing
the
(
v
)
into
(
w
)
which
without
any
straining
may
be
done
,
and
adding
the
Saxon
Termination
mynster
,
we
have
the
Name
compleat
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Wansdike
,
or
Wodensdike
,
(
so
call'd
from
the
Saxon
God
Woden
)
is
a
wonderful
Ditch
,
running
across
the
middle
of
this
Shire
from
East
to
West
.
Whenever
it
was
cast
up
,
the
design
seems
to
have
been
a
Boundary
or
Fence
,
either
to
distinguish
Territories
,
or
to
be
a
guard
against
the
Enemies
in
this
Frontier
Country
.
Stone-henge
is
a
Monument
so
remarkable
,
that
it
has
engag'd
many
a
Learned
Pen
in
conjectures
about
its
Founder's
design
and
Antiquity
.
The
Opinions
contain'd
in
three
or
four
separate
Books
written
upon
that
Subject
,
are
drawn
up
,
and
the
whole
matter
Stated
in
the
new
Edition
of
Camden's
Britannia
,
page
108
,
whither
I
refer
the
Reader
.
The
Barrows
upon
Salisbury
Plain
,
lying
scatter'd
here
and
there
,
afford
good
entertainment
to
a
curious
Traveller
;
and
the
rather
,
because
they
are
of
several
Forms
and
Figures
,
which
perhaps
in
other
places
is
not
so
common
.
HAMSHIRE
.
OF
all
the
Counties
which
border
upon
the
Sea
,
there
are
few
or
none
that
have
the
advantage
of
so
many
Creeks
and
Havens
,
as
Hamshire
.
By
which
means
the
South
part
is
abundantly
supplied
with
all
the
conveniencies
the
Sea
affords
.
Through
the
whole
,
they
have
good
store
of
Corn
,
and
plenty
of
Wood
in
all
Parts
;
but
what
they
are
most
remarkable
for
,
is
their
Bacon
,
which
is
reputed
the
best
in
the
Kingdom
,
and
accordingly
is
sold
into
all
parts
.
Towns
more
considerable
,
are
-
Winchester
,
-
Southampton
,
-
Portsmouth
,
-
Basingstoke
,
-
Andover
,
-
Christ-Church
.
Winchester
,
whether
we
consider
its
ancient
or
present
condition
,
may
deservedly
lay
claim
to
the
first
Place
.
For
as
it
was
of
good
Note
in
the
times
of
the
Romans
,
so
under
the
Saxon
Government
was
it
the
Seat
of
the
West-Saxon
Kings
.
But
that
which
has
chiefly
secur'd
its
flourishing
condition
,
is
the
Bishop's
See
,
settl'd
there
very
early
by
Kinegils
the
Saxon
;
and
(
which
is
more
)
never
remov'd
from
its
first
Foundation
,
as
most
of
its
Neighbours
have
been
,
to
the
great
damage
of
the
places
from
which
they
were
drawn
.
This
favourable
concurrence
of
Circumstances
was
encreas'd
by
Edward
III
.
when
he
settl'd
here
the
Staple
for
Cloath
and
Wool
.
The
Cathedral
hath
been
from
time
to
time
enlarg'd
and
put
under
the
protection
of
several
Tutelar
Saints
.
But
its
greatest
Glory
,
is
the
College
built
here
by
William
of
Wickham
,
Bishop
of
this
See
;
which
supplies
both
Church
and
State
with
great
numbers
of
Learned
Men
.
The
Royal
Palace
began
by
King
Charles
II
,
is
very
stately
and
magnificent
;
and
the
Hospital
built
by
Bishop
Morley
for
10
Ministers
Widows
,
is
a
work
of
great
Charity
and
Goodness
.
Southampton
within
these
hundred
years
was
a
rich
,
populous
,
beautiful
Place
;
but
now
by
the
loss
of
its
Trade
,
all
this
Finery
is
gone
,
the
Buildings
decay'd
,
the
Town
poor
,
and
the
Inhabitants
thin
.
It
ought
not
however
to
be
omitted
amongst
the
considerable
places
of
these
parts
,
both
upon
account
of
its
former
Eminency
,
and
also
for
the
Figure
it
still
bears
in
our
Naval
Affairs
.
Portsmouth
,
after
it
was
by
Queen
Elizabeth
compleatly
Fortified
with
new
Works
,
became
a
place
of
great
Note
and
Resort
,
in
times
of
War
especially
:
but
in
times
of
Peace
,
the
Trade
it
has
will
hardly
maintain
it
in
the
same
Grandeur
.
And
as
the
Place
is
of
great
importance
to
the
Nation
by
its
Strength
,
and
Works
of
the
best
Contrivance
;
so
is
it
of
great
consequence
to
our
Fleets
,
being
furnish'd
of
late
years
with
Docks
and
all
other
necessaries
for
building
and
repairing
Ships
of
the
highest
Rates
.
Basingstoke
is
a
well
frequented
Market
,
upon
the
High-road
.
Andover
is
a
Corporation
pretty
large
and
populous
.
Ancient
Places
.
Regnum
can
be
no
other
than
the
present
Ringwood
,
(
lying
upon
the
River
Avon
)
which
may
seem
by
a
very
fair
Interpretation
to
signifie
the
Wood
of
the
Regni
.
Alauni
Ostium
,
is
probably
that
Mouth
out
of
which
the
Stour
and
Avon
empty
themselves
jointly
.
Trisantonis
Ostium
is
agree'd
upon
all
hands
to
be
the
Harbour
of
Southampton
,
beginning
at
Calshot-Castle
.
Clausentum
,
by
the
distances
from
the
two
Stations
on
each
side
,
as
it
stands
in
the
Itinerary
,
must
of
necessity
be
that
Old
Town
which
stood
formerly
near
the
present
Southampton
,
and
was
call'd
by
the
same
name
.
Brage
,
by
the
course
of
the
Itinerary
,
is
probably
a
little
Country
Village
that
lyes
between
Salisbury
and
Winchester
,
the
two
Stations
on
each
hand
,
and
is
call'd
at
this
day
Broughton
.
Venta
Belgarum
,
is
undoubtedly
Winchester
,
to
which
it
has
probably
given
the
first
Syllable
of
that
name
.
Segontiaci
,
mention'd
by
Caesar
,
by
all
the
Circumstances
must
have
been
those
People
who
liv'd
about
the
Northern
limits
of
this
County
,
about
the
Hundred
of
Holeshot
.
Vindonum
we
call
at
this
day
Silcester
;
though
by
the
Britains
it
was
call'd
Caer
Segonte
,
as
being
the
chief
City
of
the
Segontiaci
,
just
now
mention'd
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Arthur's
Round-Table
at
Winchester
is
much
talk'd
of
and
admir'd
as
a
Relick
of
King
Arthur's
.
But
that
Fancy
is
to
be
reckon'd
among
those
many
ridiculous
Errors
which
have
been
convey'd
to
the
ignorant
country
People
by
Ballads
and
Romances
,
and
have
got
such
footing
that
't
is
hard
to
undeceive
them
.
This
Table
is
probably
as
old
as
the
Torneaments
:
and
't
is
a
good
Conjecture
,
that
it
was
design'd
to
prevent
all
quarrels
about
Precedency
among
the
Combatants
.
Silcester
,
which
we
observ'd
but
now
to
be
the
Vindonum
of
the
Ancients
,
shews
vast
remains
of
its
Antiquity
and
once
Flourishing
condition
.
The
thinness
of
the
Corn
where
the
Walls
and
Streets
have
run
,
with
other
Observations
to
be
made
upon
the
place
,
afford
very
good
entertainment
to
a
curious
Traveller
.
The
Isle
of
WIGHT
.
South
of
Hamshire
lyes
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
about
20
miles
long
,
and
12
over
where
broadest
.
The
North
is
mostly
taken
up
with
Pasturage
.
Meadows
and
Wood
;
but
the
South
bears
abundance
of
Corn
.
As
to
Ecclesiastical
Government
,
it
is
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Bishop
of
Winchester
;
but
as
to
Civil
,
under
Hamshire
.
The
Inhabitants
are
a
Stout
sort
of
People
,
having
been
all
along
inur'd
to
frequent
Skirmishes
,
by
lying
expos'd
to
the
first
attacks
of
the
invading
Enemy
.
Caresbrook
,
a
Castle
in
the
middle
of
the
Isle
,
of
very
great
Antiquity
.
Of
late
years
the
Imprisonment
of
King
Charles
I.
has
made
it
very
Remarkable
.
Yarmouth
and
Cows
,
both
lying
over
against
Hamshire
,
are
their
two
Havens
of
greatest
Safety
and
Importance
.
The
Needles
,
the
Shingles
,
the
Mixon
,
and
other
Shelves
round
it
,
are
a
good
security
to
the
Place
against
an
Enemy
,
but
very
troublesom
to
the
Seamen
.
BARKSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
BERKS
lying
out
in
length
from
South-east
to
North-west
,
as
it
is
accommodated
all
over
with
very
convenient
Rivers
,
so
has
it
the
advantage
of
the
Thames
running
along
one
side
of
it
.
Which
being
navigable
,
is
of
great
profit
not
only
to
the
particular
Towns
seated
upon
it
;
but
also
to
the
whole
County
,
the
narrowness
whereof
gives
the
Inhabitants
an
opportunity
of
conveying
Goods
by
Water
,
without
any
great
inconvenience
or
expence
of
Land-carriage
.
This
I
take
to
be
the
great
enricher
of
the
County
:
For
tho'
in
several
parts
,
especially
in
the
middle
,
and
where
it
borders
upon
Wiltshire
,
they
have
good
store
of
Corn
;
yet
this
,
without
the
assistance
of
the
River
,
could
not
turn
to
near
the
same
account
.
Towns
of
note
,
-
Abingdon
.
-
Windsor
.
-
Reading
.
-
Wallingford
.
-
Newbury
.
-
Hungerford
.
-
Maidenhead
.
Abingdon
carries
in
its
very
name
the
character
of
Religion
,
being
so
call'd
from
the
famous
Abbey
that
was
built
there
by
Cissa
the
West-Saxon
.
Some
modern
Authors
are
inclin'd
to
think
this
the
old
Clovesho
,
so
famous
in
our
ancient
Histories
for
the
solemn
Meetings
and
great
Councils
before
the
Conquest
.
And
the
situation
indeed
of
the
place
makes
it
convenient
enough
for
holding
such
general
Assemblies
,
being
almost
at
an
equal
distance
from
the
several
Parties
concern'd
.
But
whether
this
Honour
belongs
to
it
or
not
;
't
is
certain
,
the
Abbey
grew
to
be
so
eminent
and
considerable
,
that
here
(
as
in
many
other
places
throughout
England
)
it
lay
a
good
Foundation
for
a
handsom
Town
;
which
encreas'd
strangely
,
after
that
Henry
V.
had
contriv'd
the
high
Road
through
it
.
Malt
is
its
greatest
Trade
,
and
the
Market-house
its
greatest
Ornament
.
Windsor
stands
in
the
North-west
corner
of
this
County
,
upon
a
high
Hill
;
from
whence
there
is
a
delicate
Prospect
of
Woods
and
Fields
all
round
.
This
advantage
of
situation
,
with
its
convenient
distance
from
London
,
has
induc'd
several
of
the
Kings
of
England
to
take
a
more
particular
delight
in
it
,
both
on
account
of
its
Strength
and
Pleasure
.
The
Palace
is
a
most
noble
Structure
,
adorn'd
with
a
delightful
Terrace-walk
by
Queen
Elizabeth
,
but
beautify'd
chiefly
and
brought
to
perfection
by
King
Charles
II
.
who
,
at
vast
expence
,
adorn'd
it
with
most
curious
Paintings
.
S.
George's
Chappel
and
the
noble
Order
of
the
Garter
,
instituted
there
by
King
Edward
III
.
are
Honours
wherein
the
place
may
justly
glory
;
the
greatest
Princes
in
Europe
having
esteem'd
it
a
high
favour
to
be
admitted
into
that
Society
.
And
it
was
an
honour
to
this
Castle
,
to
be
the
Prison
of
the
King
of
France
and
the
King
of
Scots
,
at
the
same
time
,
under
that
powerful
Prince
Edward
III
.
As
for
the
Town
:
Old
Windsor
is
very
much
gone
to
decay
,
upon
the
rise
of
the
new
one
,
which
lies
to
the
West
of
the
Castle
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
under
it
.
The
growth
of
the
Town
is
in
a
great
measure
owing
to
the
Court
,
which
the
pleasure
our
Princes
have
taken
in
it
,
has
drawn
hither
.
And
accordingly
,
't
is
easie
to
observe
,
what
difference
there
is
between
its
present
condition
,
now
't
is
almost
forsaken
by
the
Court
;
and
its
state
in
the
Re●gn
of
Charles
II
.
by
whose
inclination
to
the
variety
of
Diversions
it
affords
,
the
Town
flourish'd
very
much
beyond
its
Neighbours
.
Reading
is
conveniently
seated
upon
the
River
Kenet
,
at
a
small
distance
from
its
emptying
it self
into
the
Thames
.
It
was
before
the
Conquest
very
eminent
for
a
strong
Castle
;
which
lasted
no
longer
than
the
time
of
Henry
II
.
by
whom
it
was
pull'd
down
,
for
fear
it
should
afford
Refuge
and
Protection
to
King
Stephen's
Party
.
About
an
hundred
years
ago
,
Cloath
was
its
greatest
Trade
and
Employment
;
but
the
advantage
of
the
situation
upon
the
River
has
in
a
great
measure
drawn
the
Inhabitants
from
that
Business
,
and
turn'd
them
to
the
Malt-trade
,
by
which
the
Wealth
of
the
Town
is
very
much
improv'd
,
The
Streets
and
Buildings
are
very
neat
and
handsom
;
and
sometimes
the
Assizes
are
held
here
.
Wallingford
,
upon
the
River
of
Thames
,
was
also
.
famous
for
its
Castle
,
which
was
exceeding
strong
and
attempted
more
than
once
by
King
Stephen
,
in
the
civil
Wars
between
him
and
Henry
II
.
That
which
made
Abingdon
chiefly
flourish
,
was
the
cause
of
this
Town's
decay
,
viz.
the
change
of
the
High-Road
.
But
yet
for
all
that
,
the
Malt-Trade
does
not
only
support
it
,
but
of
late
years
has
also
encreas'd
its
Wealth
,
Buildings
,
and
number
of
Inhabitants
.
Newbury
carries
its
rise
and
original
in
the
very
name
,
which
implies
a
relation
to
some
old
Burgh
near
it
;
and
that
was
Spene
,
at
a
little
distance
from
this
new
Town
.
Tho'
the
name
destroys
all
its
pretensions
to
Antiquity
,
yet
it
bears
a
considerable
figure
in
our
modern
Histories
,
upon
account
of
the
Engagements
here
between
the
King
and
Parliament
,
in
the
late
Civil
Wars
.
The
Cloath-Trade
and
the
convenience
of
the
River
,
have
improv'd
it
into
a
handsom
,
pretty
Town
.
Hungerford
,
upon
the
edge
of
Wiltshire
,
has
been
all
along
more
considerable
,
upon
account
of
the
Title
it
has
for
many
Ages
given
to
a
very
eminent
Family
,
than
for
either
Wealth
or
Neatness
.
All
the
Country
round
,
it
has
a
particular
reputation
for
the
best
Trouts
.
Maidenhead
,
considering
what
time
it
has
had
for
improvement
,
is
grown
into
a
handsom
Town
.
For
its
first
encrease
was
occasion'd
by
building
a
Wooden
Bridge
over
the
Thames
;
which
,
before
that
,
us'd
to
be
Ferry'd
,
at
the
expence
and
trouble
of
the
Traveller
.
But
the
new
Bridge
,
as
it
made
the
Road
this
way
much
more
easie
and
convenient
,
so
did
it
induce
the
Inhabitants
to
build
Inns
and
provide
all
Accommodations
for
the
Entertainment
of
Strangers
.
Ancient
Places
.
Galleva
was
undoubtedly
our
Wallingford
,
as
appears
both
from
the
course
of
the
Itinerary
,
the
remains
of
the
old
Name
in
our
present
,
and
the
ancient
grandeur
and
largeness
of
the
Town
.
Spinae
is
now
an
inconsiderable
Village
,
about
a
mile
from
Newbury
;
which
carries
the
old
name
in
its
present
Spene
,
and
has
also
left
the
remains
of
it
in
a
part
of
Newbury
,
still
call'd
Spinham-Lands
.
Bibroci
,
also
,
a
People
in
those
Parts
,
may
seem
to
have
left
something
of
the
name
in
the
present
Bray
near
Maidenhead
.
SURREY
.
THE
County
of
Surrey
,
(
as
we
call
it
at
this
day
)
lyes
all
along
upon
the
South-side
of
the
River
of
Thames
;
from
which
Position
,
it
has
the
Name
.
For
,
what
our
Age
has
contracted
into
Surrey
,
was
call'd
by
our
Fore-fathers
Suthrige
.
That
part
of
the
Country
which
borders
upon
the
Thames
,
is
so
adorn'd
with
a
mixture
of
Woods
,
Meadows
,
and
fair
Buildings
,
that
nothing
can
be
more
Entertaining
:
The
other
parts
are
Fruitful
enough
,
though
not
so
Pleasant
.
More
considerable
Towns
,
are
,
-
Southwark
,
-
Guildford
,
-
Kingston
,
-
Richmond
,
-
Lambeth
.
Southwark
,
(
so
call'd
from
its
Southerly
Situation
,
with
respect
to
London
)
by
its
near
intercourse
with
that
noble
City
,
has
improv'd
it self
into
a
flourishing
condition
,
not
only
beyond
all
other
Places
in
this
County
,
but
equal
to
most
of
our
Cities
in
England
.
Before
the
building
of
the
Bridge
,
their
Commerce
was
maintain'd
only
by
Ferrying
;
but
upon
erecting
a
Wooden-bridge
,
it
seem'd
to
be
a
sort
of
Suburbs
to
London
;
and
lastly
,
by
the
stately
Stone-bridge
of
19
Arches
,
(
upon
which
the
Buildings
are
continu'd
like
a
Street
)
one
would
think
it
a
part
of
the
City
.
Accordingly
,
in
the
Reign
of
Edward
VI
.
it
was
annext
to
London
;
and
by
virtue
thereof
the
Inhabitants
had
a
power
granted
them
to
use
all
such
Laws
within
their
Burrough
,
as
the
Citizens
did
within
their
City
.
Guilford
(
for
so
it
is
commonly
pronounc'd
,
though
written
Guldford
and
Guildford
)
is
seated
upon
the
River
Wye
,
and
is
a
populous
Market-Town
:
I
know
not
whether
we
may
attribute
its
growth
,
in
some
measure
at
least
,
to
the
Benefaction
of
Sir
Richard
Weston
;
by
whose
Industry
,
principally
,
the
River
upon
which
it
stands
,
was
made
Navigable
.
't
is
certain
that
all
this
part
of
the
Country
is
very
much
engag'd
to
the
first
Contrivers
,
since
they
receive
such
considerable
advantage
from
it
.
Kingston
upon
Thames
,
has
its
name
from
the
Solemn
Coronation
of
three
Saxon
Kings
,
Athelstan
,
Edwin
,
and
Ethelred
,
in
the
Danish
Wars
.
't
is
a
Market-Town
,
not
very
large
indeed
,
but
populous
enough
,
and
of
good
resort
.
Richmond
,
hard
by
has
been
particularly
pitch'd
upon
by
several
of
our
Kings
,
for
their
Diversion
and
Pleasure
,
whenever
the
Affairs
of
the
Nation
would
give
them
leave
to
retire
out
of
the
noise
and
Tumult
of
the
City
.
And
his
present
Majesty
is
so
great
an
admirer
of
the
Place
,
as
to
prefer
it
before
the
rest
of
his
Royal
Seats
near
the
City
,
in
his
intervals
from
publick
Business
.
Lambeth
,
over
against
Westminster
,
upon
the
River
of
Thames
,
has
all
its
Reputation
from
the
Palace
of
the
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
,
which
is
very
large
and
stately
.
It
has
belong'd
to
them
successively
,
ever
since
Arch-bishop
Baldwin
got
a
Manour
in
this
Place
by
exchange
with
the
Bishop
of
Rochester
,
about
the
year
1183.
We
meet
with
none
of
the
old
Stations
in
this
County
;
the
Noviomagus
,
(
which
Mr.
Camden
places
at
Woodcot
)
being
more
conveniently
settl'd
in
Kent
.
Things
Remarkable
.
The
Mole
(
a
considerable
River
)
in
two
several
places
goes
under
Ground
for
some
space
;
particularly
,
for
2
miles
together
,
near
Whisehill
;
from
whence
the
place
is
call'd
the
Swallow
.
At
Albury
,
the
Hypogaeum
,
or
Perforation
,
made
through
a
mighty
Hill
,
and
design'd
for
a
Coach-passage
,
is
very
Remarkable
and
Surprizing
.
Epsom-Wells
have
been
in
so
great
request
of
late
years
for
their
Mineral-waters
,
as
to
cause
a
considerable
increase
of
Buildings
,
for
the
entertainment
of
Gentlemen
resorting
thither
,
for
their
Health
or
Pleasure
.
A
Skeleton
of
9
Foot
3
Inches
long
,
taken
up
in
the
Churh-yard
of
Wotton
,
and
distinctly
measur'd
,
may
justly
be
reckon'd
among
the
Remarkables
of
this
County
.
SUSSEX
.
SUssex
,
(
or
as
it
is
more
truly
written
,
South-sex
)
derives
its
name
from
the
ancient
Inhabitants
,
the
South-Saxons
,
who
had
that
denomination
with
respect
to
the
East-Saxons
.
The
Downs
take
up
the
Sea-coast
;
the
middle
consists
of
Meadows
,
Pastures
and
Corn-fields
;
and
the
more
Northerly
part
of
it
abounds
with
Wood
.
The
Iron-works
turn
to
very
good
account
;
as
did
formerly
the
Glass-houses
;
but
now
the
latter
are
quite
laid
aside
.
More
considerable
Towns
are
,
-
Chichester
,
-
Arundel
,
-
Lewes
,
-
Rye
.
Chichester
,
in
its
Saxon
name
Cissanceaster
,
discovers
its
first
Founder
,
viz.
Cissa
,
Son
of
Aella
,
who
settl'd
the
Kingdom
of
the
South-Saxons
.
Notwithstanding
which
Antiquity
,
we
do
not
find
that
it
flourish'd
very
much
till
the
Conqueror's
time
,
when
the
Bishop's
See
was
remov'd
from
Selsey
to
this
Place
;
where
it
still
continues
in
a
good
condition
.
The
City
had
undoubtedly
been
much
more
Wealthy
,
Large
and
Populous
,
if
the
conveniency
of
the
Harbour
had
seconded
the
advantage
of
the
Bishop's
See
.
But
the
Haven
is
of
it self
not
very
commodious
;
and
is
also
at
too
great
a
distance
.
Arundel
,
ows
it
name
and
Reputation
more
to
the
Castle
and
its
Earls
,
than
either
the
populousness
of
the
Town
,
or
wealth
of
the
Inhabitants
.
The
Castle
was
a
place
of
great
strength
,
and
of
considerable
moment
in
our
Wars
;
and
the
Earls
,
Persons
of
great
Worth
and
Honour
.
But
though
the
condition
of
the
place
will
not
answer
either
the
figure
it
makes
in
our
Histories
,
or
the
reputation
it
has
in
the
opinion
of
Strangers
;
't
is
however
a
Market-Town
,
and
sends
two
Burgesses
to
Parliament
.
Lewes
,
at
a
little
distance
from
the
Sea
,
is
seated
upon
a
rising
ground
,
and
is
a
Town
of
good
Note
:
Tho'
anciently
it
seems
to
have
been
more
considerable
.
For
when
King
Athelstan
settl'd
Mints
in
the
more
eminent
Towns
of
the
Kingdom
,
he
pitch'd
upon
this
place
for
one
,
and
gave
it
two
Minters
.
Rye
,
upon
the
Sea
Coast
,
joyning
to
the
County
of
Kent
,
owes
it
's
rise
to
the
decay
of
it
's
Neighbour
Winchelsea
.
For
the
Sea
,
in
those
parts
,
does
as
it
were
dispose
of
it
's
wealth
among
the
Coasters
,
according
to
the
several
ages
.
So
that
by
its
breaking
in
one
while
and
retiring
another
,
they
enjoy
the
advantage
of
it
in
their
turns
.
Rye
has
flourish'd
by
its
kindness
these
many
ages
,
in
Buildings
,
Navigation
,
and
Fishing
;
whilst
a
great
many
of
its
Neighbours
are
ready
to
starve
,
and
are
daily
drawing
on
towards
ruine
.
Ancient
Places
.
Portus
Adurni
(
the
place
where
the
Exploratores
kept
watch
against
the
Saxon
Pirats
under
the
later
Emperours
)
must
be
upon
this
Coast
.
And
we
cannot
pitch
upon
any
part
with
greater
probability
,
than
Ederington
,
a
Little
Village
,
which
seems
still
to
retain
something
of
the
old
name
;
and
besides
,
is
a
very
convenient
place
for
Landing
.
Which
indeed
in
our
present
search
,
is
a
circumstance
of
great
moment
;
since
those
Guards
upon
the
Sea-Coast
,
were
set
to
hinder
the
Pirats
from
Landing
;
and
by
consequence
must
have
been
fixt
where
the
shore
was
most
convenient
for
that
purpose
.
Things
Remarkable
.
It
was
a
pleasant
humour
of
John
de
Camois
Lord
of
Broodwater
in
this
County
,
in
Edward
the
First's
time
;
to
make
over
his
own
Wife
to
Sr.
William
Painell
,
by
Will
,
in
the
same
manner
as
Men
bequeathe
their
Goods
and
Chattels
.
The
Arch
with
the
Inscription
,
at
Lewes
,
in
the
little
demolish'd
Church
near
the
Castle
,
is
well
worth
the
sight
of
a
curious
Traveller
,
if
there
be
any
thing
left
of
that
ancient
Building
.
But
if
Time
has
destroy'd
it
,
the
best
information
we
can
have
,
is
from
Mr.
Camden's
draught
,
which
he
has
given
us
in
the
Britannia
,
under
his
Description
of
this
place
.
KENT
.
AMongst
the
Counties
of
England
,
no
one
can
pretend
to
lead
us
so
far
back
into
its
Antiquities
,
as
this
of
Kent
.
In
all
Revolutions
,
this
has
had
the
first
share
:
The
Romans
made
their
first
Attempts
upon
it
;
and
Julius
Caesar
has
left
us
a
pretty
distinct
account
,
in
what
condition
he
found
them
at
that
Time
.
Their
Successors
,
the
Saxons
,
after
Depredations
,
Piracies
,
and
at
last
open
Violence
,
establish'd
their
first
Kingdom
in
this
Corner
,
about
the
Year
456.
The
Norman
too
(
if
we
may
believe
a
Tradition
,
which
is
not
grounded
upon
much
Evidence
from
History
)
had
it
particularly
in
his
Eye
;
and
had
us'd
it
as
he
did
the
rest
of
the
Kingdom
,
but
that
they
obtained
the
Continuance
of
their
Ancient
Customs
and
Usages
,
by
a
notable
Stratagem
.
Nor
could
it
well
be
otherwise
:
For
as
their
Situation
exposes
them
to
the
immediate
Attempts
of
Foreigners
;
so
do
the
Riches
and
Fruitfulness
of
their
Country
invite
them
to
a
settlement
there
,
before
any
other
Part
.
The
Soil
is
exceeding
rich
;
so
that
they
abound
with
excellent
Corn-Fields
,
Meadows
,
and
Pastures
.
They
have
Apples
also
,
and
Cherries
in
great
abundance
;
which
turn
to
better
account
here
than
in
most
other
Places
,
by
reason
of
their
nearness
to
London
,
whither
they
sell
them
by
whole-sale
.
Besides
this
Fruitfulness
of
the
Soil
,
which
furnishes
them
with
most
Necessaries
;
they
are
supply'd
with
what
conveniences
our
foreign
Trade
brings
in
,
by
their
Harbours
and
noble
Rivers
.
More
Remarkable
Places
are
,
-
Canterbury
,
-
Rochester
,
-
Dover
,
-
Greenwich
,
-
Deptford
,
-
Maidston
,
-
Romney
,
-
Chatham
.
Canterbury
,
upon
the
River
Stour
,
as
it
is
the
principal
City
in
those
parts
,
so
is
it
the
Metropolis
of
the
whole
Kingdom
.
For
upon
the
conversion
of
the
Saxons
to
the
Christian
Faith
,
Ethelbert
King
of
Kent
gave
this
place
to
Austin
the
Monk
;
who
was
made
Arch-bishop
of
the
English
,
and
so
fixt
his
See
here
.
And
here
it
has
continu'd
ever
since
;
save
that
for
a
little
while
it
was
remov'd
to
London
(
the
chief
City
of
the
Kingdom
;
)
but
in
honour
and
memory
of
St.
Austin
,
it
was
return'd
to
Canterbury
.
The
Church
that
is
most
eminent
,
is
Christ-Church
;
for
St.
Austin's
(
built
below
the
City
for
a
burying-place
for
the
Kings
of
Kent
and
the
Arch-bishops
,
when
is
was
not
lawful
to
bury
in
Cities
)
is
laid
in
its
own
ruines
;
by
which
one
may
perceive
what
a
stately
Fabrick
it
has
once
been
.
The
City
is
populous
and
wealthy
;
having
in
it
abundance
of
Walloons
and
French
;
the
first
settl'd
here
in
the
time
of
Queen
Elizabeth
,
and
brought
along
with
them
the
Art
of
Weaving
Silk
;
the
second
came
over
of
late
years
,
upon
the
persecution
of
Lewis
the
XIV
.
Rochester
is
the
other
City
of
this
County
,
being
made
an
Episcopal
See
by
the
same
Ethelbert
that
gave
Canterbury
to
St.
Austin
,
upon
his
conversion
to
the
Christian
Faith
.
The
situation
of
it
,
is
low
,
and
the
bounds
narrow
,
but
the
Suburbs
make
it
pretty
large
.
Anciently
,
it
was
of
great
note
for
its
Castle
,
which
the
nature
of
the
place
render'd
exceeding
strong
:
So
that
when
Odo
held
it
against
William
Rufus
,
nothing
could
bring
him
to
a
surrender
but
want
of
provisions
.
The
noble
Stone-bridge
(
through
which
the
Medway
runs
with
a
most
hideous
noise
)
was
built
,
upon
Simon
Montefort's
cutting
down
the
Wooden
one
,
in
his
attempts
upon
this
place
.
Dover
,
next
these
two
,
makes
the
greatest
figure
in
our
Histories
;
not
for
its
extent
or
riches
,
but
the
convenient
passage
it
affords
into
France
.
It
has
also
a
Castle
of
great
strength
;
and
was
anciently
accounted
of
so
much
importance
,
as
to
be
commonly
called
the
Key
of
England
,
without
which
,
it
was
impossible
for
Foreigners
to
make
their
way
,
with
any
advantage
,
into
this
Nation
.
Upon
this
account
,
William
the
Conqueror
took
particular
care
to
have
it
well
fortified
and
guarded
;
distributing
vast
quantities
of
Land
to
his
Soldiers
,
purely
for
that
Service
.
The
Peer
was
built
by
Henry
VIII
.
and
repaird
by
Queen
Elizabeth
at
vast
expence
,
after
the
Sea
had
begun
to
break
in
upon
it
.
Greenwich
,
lying
upon
the
Thames
,
is
remarkable
for
its
Royal
Seat
,
built
by
Humfrey
Duke
of
Glocester
,
and
enlarged
by
King
Henry
VII
.
and
is
a
place
much
talk'd
of
in
our
Histories
for
giving
Birth
to
that
most
excellent
Princess
,
Queen
Elizabeth
.
Deptford
is
at
a
little
distance
,
and
draws
its
reputation
from
the
noble
Dock
and
other
accommodations
for
building
and
repairing
of
Ships
;
whereby
it
is
of
great
use
and
importance
to
the
Royal
Navy
of
England
.
Maidston
,
(
so
call'd
from
the
Medway
upon
which
it
lyes
)
is
a
pleasant
populous
Town
,
and
seems
to
have
been
formerly
of
greater
eminence
than
it
's
Neighbours
,
as
being
the
Shire-town
,
where
the
Assizes
are
generally
held
.
Unless
,
possibly
,
the
convenience
of
its
situation
,
almost
in
the
middle
of
the
County
,
may
have
been
the
principal
means
of
procuring
that
piece
of
honour
.
Romney
,
lying
near
the
Sea-Coast
to
the
South-East
,
was
formerly
very
considerable
both
for
it
's
Harbour
,
and
the
Sea-Services
done
by
the
Inhabitants
to
the
Crown
.
But
when
the
Ocean
overflow'd
these
parts
,
in
the
Reign
of
Edward
I.
and
remov'd
the
passage
of
the
River
another
way
,
it
began
to
forsake
the
Town
,
and
by
consequence
to
rob
it
by
degrees
of
it
's
former
glory
.
Chatham
,
near
Rochester
,
is
eminent
for
the
station
of
the
Navy-Royal
;
and
has
been
much
more
so
since
the
improvements
of
Docks
,
Launches
,
Store-houses
,
&c.
made
by
King
Charles
II
.
and
King
James
II
.
't
is
also
remarkable
for
it
Fund
of
Naval
Charity
,
for
the
support
of
Persons
wounded
in
the
Sea-Service
;
establisht
in
the
Year
1588.
under
the
Title
of
The
Chest
at
Chatham
.
Ancient
Places
.
Vagniacae
,
by
the
course
of
the
Itinerary
,
must
be
Maidstone
;
especially
if
Noviomagus
,
the
next
Station
on
one
Hand
,
may
be
fix'd
at
Hollowood-hill
,
and
not
at
Woodcot
in
Surrey
(
as
Mr.
Camden
imagins
.
)
Durobrovis
is
agreed
on
all
Hands
to
be
Rochester
.
Regulbium
,
mention'd
by
the
Notitia
,
has
left
the
express
Remains
of
its
Name
in
our
present
Reculver
;
which
also
demonstrates
its
Antiquity
by
the
Roman
Coins
discover'd
thereabouts
.
Durovernum
is
beyond
all
dispure
to
be
settl'd
at
Canterbury
.
Durolenum
seems
to
fall
in
(
as
to
the
sound
)
with
Lenham
;
which
yet
is
too
far
out
of
the
Road
,
and
has
nothing
to
support
it
,
besides
the
bare
similitude
of
Names
.
Bapchild
lies
directly
in
the
way
,
and
does
not
want
either
Antiquity
or
a
due
distance
to
answer
the
Itinerary
;
which
has
induc'd
a
modern
Author
to
remove
the
Station
thither
.
Cantium
Promontorium
,
is
the
Kentish-foreland
.
Dubris
,
by
the
present
name
and
the
circumstances
of
the
place
,
can
be
no
other
than
Dover
.
Anderida
,
mention'd
by
the
Notitia
,
has
been
by
some
fix'd
at
Newenden
,
by
others
at
Hastings
or
Pemsey
in
Sussex
.
Indeed
the
names
mention'd
in
that
Book
,
wanting
the
assistance
of
the
Distances
,
are
very
hard
to
find
out
;
having
no
other
Directions
,
but
barely
their
situation
upon
the
Sea-coasts
;
which
we
infer
from
the
use
of
them
,
viz.
to
be
a
Guard
against
the
Invasion
of
Pyrats
.
Lemanis
is
,
by
Mr.
Camden
,
plac'd
at
Stutfall-castle
near
Hithe
;
but
by
Mr.
Somner
at
Romney
.
Noviomagus
,
by
the
distances
in
the
Itinerary
,
must
be
brought
much
nearer
Maidstone
than
Woodcot
in
Surrey
is
,
where
Mr.
Camden
fixt
it
,
The
discovery
of
a
large
Roman
Camp
upon
the
River
Ravensbourn
(
which
empties
it self
into
the
Thames
near
Greenwich
)
makes
it
probable
enough
that
the
old
Noviomagus
ought
not
to
be
sought
in
any
other
place
.
Rhutupiae
,
is
the
same
as
our
Richburrow
;
which
daily
shews
the
Marks
of
its
Antiquity
,
viz.
Roman
Coins
of
Gold
and
Silver
.
To
these
we
may
add
the
Island
which
Solinus
(
according
to
different
Copies
)
calls
Thanatos
and
Athanatos
,
from
whence
the
present
name
of
Thanet
is
deriv'd
.
't
is
made
by
a
division
of
the
Waters
of
the
River
Stour
,
near
its
entrance
into
the
Sea
,
and
is
about
8
miles
long
and
4
broad
.
The
Soil
is
a
white
Chalk
,
which
produces
Hay
and
Corn
in
great
abundance
.
Totiatis
Insula
is
probably
Shepey
.
Things
remarkable
.
The
vast
Pits
near
Feversham
,
narrow
at
the
top
but
within
very
large
,
are
thought
to
be
some
of
those
out
of
which
the
Britains
us'd
to
dig
Chalk
to
manure
their
Grounds
.
Which
seems
a
more
probable
Opinion
,
than
that
the
Saxons
should
contrive
them
,
in
imitation
of
their
German-Ancestors
,
for
a
sort
of
Granary
wherein
to
protect
their
Corn
and
Goods
against
the
violence
of
Cold
and
plunders
of
an
Enemy
.
Below
Greenwich
,
there
is
great
plenty
of
Scurvy-grass
.
Bromley-Hospital
,
built
by
the
right
Reverend
Father
in
God
Dr.
John
Warner
,
for
the
maintenance
of
20
poor
Ministers-Widows
,
is
a
most
noble
Foundation
,
and
may
very
well
serve
for
a
Pattern
to
Persons
who
are
dispos'd
to
settle
such
Charities
in
other
Places
.
The
Royal
Observatory
at
Greenwich
,
furnisht
with
all
sorts
of
Instruments
for
Astronomical
Observations
,
and
a
Dry
Well
for
discovery
of
the
Stars
in
the
day-time
,
is
very
curious
.
Tunbridge
Wells
have
of
late
years
been
found
so
useful
for
carrying
off
several
Distempers
,
that
the
great
resort
of
Gentry
has
caus'd
the
building
of
a
good
number
of
Houses
near
the
place
;
and
of
a
Chapel
,
wherein
Prayers
are
read
twice
a
day
during
the
Season
.
Gavel-kind
is
a
Custom
peculiar
to
this
County
;
whereby
all
Lands
are
divided
equally
among
the
Males
;
and
in
default
of
them
,
among
the
Females
.
They
would
derive
this
and
other
Privileges
from
their
Composition
with
William
the
Conqueror
;
which
Opinion
is
yet
stiffly
oppos'd
by
their
Learned
Country-man
Mr.
Somner
,
in
his
excellent
Treatise
upon
that
Subject
.
The
Cinque-Ports
are
a
Constitution
not
to
be
met
with
in
other
places
,
being
5
Ports
under
the
Constable
of
Dover-castle
,
establisht
by
William
the
Conqueror
for
the
better
security
of
this
Coast
.
The
Ports
are
Hastings
,
Dover
,
Hith
,
Romney
and
Sandwich
;
which
,
upon
account
of
their
Sea-services
,
enjoy
several
Immunities
;
their
Governor
is
styl'd
Lord
Warden
of
the
Cinque-Ports
.
GLOCESTERSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
GLOCESTER
,
according
to
its
several
parts
,
has
a
different
Soil
and
Appearance
.
In
the
East
,
't
is
hilly
;
in
the
West
,
woody
;
and
in
the
middle
,
a
sweet
fruitful
Vale
.
The
middle
parts
are
much
indebted
to
the
Severn
,
which
runs
along
for
forty
miles
together
,
bringing
in
Necessaries
from
abroad
,
and
conveying
the
native
Commodities
into
foreign
Parts
.
The
Western
Tract
was
one
continu'd
Wood
,
thick
and
unpassable
;
but
the
discovery
of
the
Veins
of
Iron
(
which
requires
vast
quantities
of
Wood
to
support
them
)
has
made
it
much
thinner
.
The
more
remarkable
Towns
are
,
-
Glocester
,
-
Tewkesbury
,
-
Cirencester
,
-
Camden
,
-
Winchcomb
.
GLOCESTER
,
the
principal
place
in
this
County
,
is
a
Town
well-built
,
beautify'd
with
mamy
fair
Churches
,
and
exceeding
well
provided
with
Hospitals
for
the
maintenance
of
their
Poor
.
The
Severn
,
along
which
it
is
stretch'd
,
secures
it
on
one
side
,
and
it
has
Walls
to
defend
it
on
others
.
About
the
time
of
William
the
Conqueror
,
forging
of
Iron
seems
to
have
been
the
Business
of
the
Town
;
since
Domes-day
tells
us
,
That
the
Tribute
requir'd
of
them
,
was
a
certain
quantity
of
Iron-bars
.
It
has
had
its
misfortunes
both
from
Wars
and
Fire
,
but
still
rose
again
and
flourisht
,
till
at
length
King
Henry
VIII
.
made
it
an
Episcopal
See
;
which
at
this
day
is
its
greatest
Glory
.
Tewkesbury
,
seated
at
the
meeting
of
the
Severn
,
the
Avon
,
and
another
little
River
,
is
a
large
beautiful
Town
,
the
great
Business
whereof
is
Woollen-cloth
.
In
the
Histories
of
our
Nation
't
is
mention'd
upon
account
of
the
Battel
between
the
Houses
of
York
and
Lancaster
,
wherein
the
latter
Party
was
almost
entirely
defeated
.
Cirencester
,
call'd
commonly
at
this
day
Ciciter
,
was
of
good
note
both
under
the
Romans
and
Saxons
.
Its
eminence
among
the
first
is
discover'd
by
ancient
Coins
,
Pavements
and
Inscriptions
;
and
the
frequent
mention
of
it
in
the
Saxon
Histories
make
it
probable
that
it
bore
some
considerable
Figure
among
the
latter
.
Add
to
this
,
the
extent
of
the
Town
,
which
has
formerly
been
two
miles
round
;
but
now
not
above
a
fourth
part
of
that
compass
is
inhabited
.
They
have
also
had
3
Parish-Churches
,
of
which
only
one
is
left
,
very
fair
indeed
and
large
.
Camden
,
in
the
North
part
of
the
County
on
the
edge
of
Worcestershire
,
is
a
good
Market-town
,
famous
especially
for
the
Stockin-trade
.
The
South-Isle
of
this
Church
is
adorn'd
with
several
most
noble
and
curious
Monuments
of
Marble
.
Ancient
Places
.
Abone
appears
by
its
situation
upon
Severn
,
its
distance
from
the
next
Station
,
and
most
of
all
from
the
present
name
,
to
be
that
which
we
call
at
this
day
Aventon
.
Trajectus
,
where
they
Ferry'd
over
the
Severn
,
was
probably
at
Oldbury
;
which
both
carries
Antiquity
in
its
name
,
and
is
situate
over
against
Abone
.
Corinium
,
mention'd
by
Ptolomy
,
was
our
Cirencester
.
Glevum
is
agreed
by
all
to
be
the
present
City
of
Glocester
.
Things
Remarkable
.
The
Whispering-place
,
in
the
Cathedral
of
Glocester
,
is
a
Curiosity
much
talk'd
of
and
admir'd
by
Travellers
.
't
is
a
Wall
built
so
in
an
Arch
of
the
the
Church
,
that
if
you
whisper
never
so
low
at
one
end
,
another
that
lays
his
Ear
to
the
other
end
shall
hear
each
distinct
Syllable
.
Which
yet
the
more
knowing
Inhabitants
affirm
to
be
purely
accidental
,
and
not
the
effect
of
any
curious
contrivance
.
Stones
like
Cockles
and
Oysters
are
found
about
the
Head
of
the
River
Avon
,
or
the
Hills
near
Aldersey
.
In
some
parts
of
the
County
,
they
had
formerly
a
Custom
very
unaccountable
,
That
the
Lands
of
condemn'd
Persons
should
be
forfeited
to
the
King
only
for
a
year
and
a
day
,
and
after
that
return
to
the
next
Heirs
;
but
't
is
now
quite
abolisht
.
OXFORDSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
OXFORD
is
accommodated
with
three
large
Rivers
,
which
answer
the
Necessities
of
its
several
parts
.
The
Thames
supplies
the
South
and
West
,
the
Tame
the
East
,
and
the
Cherwell
the
middle
.
The
two
last
empty
themselves
into
the
first
,
and
are
carried
with
it
in
one
Chanel
into
the
Ocean
.
The
bottoms
of
this
Shire
abound
with
Meadows
and
Corn-ground
;
the
Hills
are
well
stor'd
with
Wood
;
but
were
much
more
so
before
the
civil
Wars
between
the
King
and
Parliament
.
The
more
considerable
Places
,
are
-
Oxford
,
-
Woodstock
,
-
Banbury
,
-
Dorchester
,
-
Henley
.
OXFORD
,
as
it
gives
its
name
to
the
whole
County
,
so
is
it
upon
several
accounts
very
eminent
:
The
Air
is
sweet
and
healthful
,
the
Prospect
on
all
hands
very
pleasant
;
the
private
Buildings
are
neat
,
and
the
publick
sumptuous
.
But
that
which
gives
it
a
Reputation
,
not
only
above
its
Neighbours
,
but
above
all
other
places
in
the
Kingdom
,
is
,
One
of
the
most
noble
Universities
in
the
whole
World
.
The
Constitution
whereof
is
so
regular
,
the
Discipline
so
strict
,
the
Endowments
so
plentiful
and
convenient
for
Studies
;
and
,
in
a
word
,
every
thing
so
agreeable
to
the
education
of
Youth
,
that
we
need
not
wonder
it
should
daily
send
abroad
such
numbers
of
learned
Men
,
for
the
Service
of
Church
and
State
.
Of
what
Antiquity
it
is
,
I
shall
not
pretend
to
determin
:
Whole
Volumes
have
been
writ
upon
that
Subject
already
.
Let
us
thank
Providence
,
that
't
is
in
such
a
flourishing
condi●ion
at
present
,
and
leave
the
nice
Di●quisition
of
what
it
has
been
,
to
others
.
The
following
Scheme
will
afford
the
best
view
of
its
State
and
Increase
,
in
the
several
Ages
.
Colleges
.
|
Founders
.
|
King's
Reigns
.
|
University
,
|
King
Alfred
.
|
Alfred
.
|
Baliol
,
|
Sir
John
Baliol
.
|
Henry
III
.
|
Merton
,
|
Walter
Merton
.
|
Edward
I.
|
Oriel
,
|
Edward
II
.
|
Edward
II
.
|
Exeter
,
|
Walter
Stapledon
.
|
Edward
II
.
|
Queens
,
|
Robert
Eglesfield
.
|
Edward
III
.
|
New-College
,
|
Wm.
of
Wickham
.
|
Edward
III
.
|
Lincoln
,
|
Richard
Fleming
.
|
Henry
VI
|
All
Souls
,
|
Henry
Chichley
.
|
Henry
VI
.
|
Magdalen
,
|
William
Wainfleet
|
Henry
VI
.
|
Brazen-nose
,
|
William
Smith
.
|
Henry
VIII
.
|
Corpus
Cristi
,
|
Richard
Fox
.
|
Henry
VIII
.
|
Christ-Church
,
|
Henry
VIII
.
|
Henry
VIII
.
|
Trinity
,
|
Sir
Thomas
Pope
.
|
Queen
Mary
.
|
S.
Jo●n's
,
|
Sir
Thomas
White
.
|
Queen
Mary
.
|
J●s●●
|
Queen
Elizabeth
.
|
Qu
.
Elizabeth
.
|
Wadham
,
|
Nicholas
Wadham
and
|
James
I.
|
|
Dorothy
Wadham
.
|
|
Pembroke
,
|
Thomas
Tisdal
.
|
|
All
these
are
well
endow'd
with
Fellowships
,
Scholarships
,
&c.
The
Halls
(
where
Gentlemen
live
upon
their
own
Expences
)
are
Seven
,
-
Glocester
,
-
S.
Edmund
,
-
Magdalen
,
-
Hart
,
-
Alban
,
-
S.
Mary
,
-
New-Inn
.
The
Disturbances
which
these
Seminaries
of
Learning
have
met
with
,
have
come
partly
from
Abroad
;
but
have
been
chiefly
occasion'd
by
the
Insolencies
of
the
Towns-men
.
The
Danes
,
who
were
a
rude
unpolish'd
People
,
enemies
to
Learning
,
Religion
,
and
every
thing
that
was
Honourable
,
sack'd
and
burn'd
this
place
among
others
,
in
their
Ravages
through
the
Kingdon
.
And
about
the
Reign
of
King
John
,
(
at
which
time
't
is
said
there
were
three
Thousand
Students
,
who
lodg'd
up
and
down
in
the
Town
,
)
the
Scholars
were
heavily
pester'd
with
the
rude
carriage
of
the
Citizens
,
and
retir'd
in
great
numbers
to
Reading
,
Cambridge
,
Salisbury
,
and
other
places
:
But
about
Henry
the
Third's
Reign
,
and
so
downward
,
(
as
pious
Persons
built
Colleges
and
Halls
for
the
entertainment
of
Students
)
they
began
to
be
less
dependent
upon
the
Town
;
especially
being
supported
with
good
Revenues
,
as
well
as
accommodated
with
convenient
Lodgings
.
The
chief
of
its
publick
Buildings
are
,
1.
The
Schools
,
a
noble
stately
Pile
of
Building
,
wherein
Exercise
for
the
several
Degrees
are
performed
,
the
publick
Lectures
read
,
&c.
2.
The
Library
,
built
by
Sir
Thomas
Bodley
,
and
commonly
call'd
the
Bodleian
Library
;
famous
throughout
Europe
for
its
prodigious
Stock
of
Books
,
both
Printed
and
Manuscript
.
3.
The
Theater
,
a
Magnificent
Work
,
and
of
admirable
Contrivance
;
built
by
the
Right
Reverend
Father
in
God
,
Gilbert
Sheldon
,
Arch-bishop
of
Canterbury
.
4.
The
Musaeum
,
commonly
call'd
Ashmole's
Musaeum
,
is
a
neat
Building
;
the
lower
part
whereof
is
a
Chymical
Elaboratory
;
and
the
upper
,
a
Repository
of
Natural
and
Artificial
Rarities
.
Woodstock
,
distant
from
Oxford
about
6
miles
to
the
North
,
by
its
name
implies
a
situation
in
a
woody
part
of
the
Country
;
and
accordingly
its
greatest
Reputation
has
been
the
Park
,
along
with
a
Royal
Seat
built
there
by
King
Henry
I.
who
probably
was
induc'd
to
pitch
upon
this
place
for
the
convenience
of
Hunting
;
a
Diversion
much
us'd
and
admir'd
by
our
Fore-fathers
.
At
present
the
Town
is
not
very
populous
,
nor
the
Trade
considerable
.
Banbury
,
on
the
edge
of
Northampton-shire
,
is
a
pretty
large
Town
;
and
is
principally
known
upon
account
of
its
excellent
Cheese
.
Dorchester
lyes
upon
the
River
Tame
,
at
the
other
end
of
the
County
;
and
is
a
place
of
great
Antiquity
and
Dignity
:
For
,
as
it
seems
to
have
flourish'd
under
the
Romans
,
so
had
it
the
honour
of
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Saxons
;
till
in
William
the
Conqueror's
Reign
,
that
was
Translated
to
Lincoln
.
The
removal
of
the
See
,
and
the
turning
of
the
High-road
another
way
,
have
left
scarce
any
Image
of
its
former
Grandeur
.
Henley
stands
in
the
utmost
Limits
of
this
County
,
Southward
;
and
is
a
Town
of
good
Wealth
and
Buildings
.
The
growth
of
it
has
probably
been
owing
to
its
situation
on
the
River
of
Thames
;
and
partly
also
to
the
Passage
over
the
same
River
by
a
Wooden-bridge
,
which
drew
Travellers
that
way
.
Ancient
Places
.
Ancalites
,
a
People
mention'd
by
Caesar
,
seem
to
have
liv'd
in
these
Parts
;
and
't
is
probable
,
by
the
Circumstances
,
that
they
were
seated
about
the
South-corner
of
the
County
;
and
that
Henley
was
their
chief
Town
;
especially
if
it
may
be
allow'd
so
much
Antiquity
,
as
some
are
willing
to
grant
it
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Rolle-rich-stones
,
in
the
Western
part
of
this
County
,
are
a
number
of
huge
Stones
plac'd
in
Circle
,
which
some
have
thought
to
be
Monuments
of
a
Victory
;
others
,
a
Burying-place
;
and
again
,
others
,
a
place
for
the
Coronation
of
the
Danish
Kings
.
See
Plot's
Oxfordshire
,
p.
342.
The
Labyrinth
made
by
King
Henry
II
.
at
Woodstock
,
for
his
Fair
Rosamund
,
is
much
talk'd
of
;
tho
now
nothing
is
to
be
seen
of
it
.
Astrop-Wells
near
Banbury
,
have
been
much
resorted
to
of
late
years
by
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
.
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Buckingham
(
so
call'd
probably
from
great
numbers
of
Bucks
in
this
Woody
Country
)
is
for
many
miles
together
extended
from
North
to
South
.
The
Chiltern
is
one
part
of
the
County
;
which
is
a
continu'd
Ridge
of
Hills
;
and
below
them
,
lyes
the
other
Branch
,
call'd
the
Vale
,
being
a
pleasant
champain
Country
,
consisting
of
Meadows
,
Pastures
and
Corn-grounds
.
The
more
considerable
Towns
are
,
-
Buckingham
,
-
Ailsbury
,
-
Wickham
,
-
Stony-Stratford
.
Buckingham
gives
name
to
the
whole
County
,
and
is
at
present
a
Town
of
good
Note
;
though
anciently
it
was
not
very
considerable
,
if
we
may
go
by
the
computation
of
Hides
and
Burgesses
in
Domesday
.
I
know
not
whether
the
strength
of
the
place
,
may
not
be
the
reason
why
it
made
so
considerable
a
Figure
,
when
the
Houses
were
few
,
and
the
Inhabitants
thin
.
't
is
certain
,
the
Castle
(
now
quite
gone
)
was
built
a
good
while
before
the
Conquest
;
and
Nature
too
has
in
some
measure
contributed
towards
its
Safety
,
by
surrounding
it
on
all
sides
but
the
North
,
with
the
River
Ouse
;
which
must
needs
make
it
a
valuable
Refuge
in
those
troublesome
and
warlike
Times
.
Ailsbury
was
also
a
place
of
Note
,
in
the
beginning
of
the
Saxons
;
being
taken
from
the
Britains
about
the
year
572.
At
present
it
is
a
large
and
populous
Market-Town
,
pleasantly
seated
in
the
midst
of
Meadows
and
Pastures
,
wherein
are
fed
prodigious
numbers
of
Sheep
.
Wickham
,
in
the
Road
between
Oxford
and
London
,
is
a
large
populous
Corporation
,
well-built
,
and
of
good
Trade
.
It
has
a
throng
Corn-market
;
and
the
Woods
all
round
bring
in
considerable
Revenues
yearly
,
by
supplies
sent
to
the
neighbouring
Counties
;
some
of
which
are
hard
enough
put
to
it
for
Fuel
.
Stony-Stratford
,
in
the
North
part
of
the
Shire
,
takes
its
name
from
the
Stony-Ford
that
led
over
the
River
,
at
that
Place
.
't
is
a
good
large
Town
,
in
the
middle
whereof
stands
the
Cross
,
erected
by
King
Edward
I.
to
the
Memory
of
Queen
Eleanor
.
Ancient
Places
.
Pontes
,
by
the
course
of
the
Itinerary
,
must
be
somewhere
about
Colebrook
;
for
if
that
Guide
were
wanting
,
the
condition
of
the
place
would
naturally
point
this
out
in
our
search
after
the
old
name
:
For
,
where
should
we
search
for
it
,
but
at
a
division
of
the
River
into
four
Channels
;
over
each
of
which
there
is
a
Bridge
,
within
a
very
little
space
one
from
another
?
Lactodorum
does
not
discover
it self
by
the
same
evidence
,
but
yet
seems
plainly
enough
to
be
Stony-Stratford
,
both
upon
account
of
its
Situation
upon
the
Military-way
,
and
also
from
the
import
of
the
name
in
the
British
,
which
by
those
who
are
skill'd
in
the
Language
,
is
affirm'd
to
signifie
the
same
thing
as
our
present
Appellation
.
Things
Remarkable
.
At
Borstal
they
still
preserve
the
Horn
,
by
the
Livery
whereof
that
Estate
was
convey'd
to
Nigel
de
Borstal
in
the
time
of
one
of
the
Williams
.
Pen
,
and
the
Towns
upon
that
Ridge
,
are
observ'd
to
be
the
highest
Ground
in
all
these
parts
;
there
being
a
sensible
Ascent
thither
all
along
from
London
,
and
as
sensible
a
Descent
when
you
are
past
it
.
BEDFORDSHIRE
,
THE
County
of
Bedford
in
the
South
part
is
Barren
;
in
the
middle
,
Woody
,
and
in
the
North
,
Fruitful
.
As
the
Soil
distinguishes
it
into
these
three
Parts
,
so
has
Nature
divided
it
into
other
two
,
by
the
Channel
of
the
River
Ouse
,
which
is
the
principal
River
of
the
County
,
and
runs
through
it
.
Towns
more
remarkable
are
,
-
Bedford
,
-
Dunstable
.
Bedford
,
the
principal
Town
of
the
County
,
tho
it
can
hardly
pretend
to
Roman
Antiquity
,
was
yet
of
very
good
repute
among
the
Saxons
;
and
was
one
of
those
which
suffer'd
from
the
Danish
Depredations
.
But
its
greatest
Miseries
were
occasion'd
by
the
Castle
,
built
there
after
the
Conquest
,
which
was
a
certain
refuge
to
one
Party
or
the
other
in
all
the
Civil
Wars
that
follow'd
.
The
Town
is
parted
by
the
River
Ouse
,
and
join'd
by
a
Stone-bridge
:
The
South-side
has
two
Churches
,
and
the
North
,
three
.
The
Site
of
the
old
Castle
is
now
a
spacious
Bowling-green
,
whither
the
Neighbouring
Gentry
resort
for
their
Recreation
.
Dunstable
,
so
call'd
from
its
high
situation
,
stands
upon
the
end
(
as
it
were
)
of
the
Chiltern
,
upon
a
dry
chalky
Soil
.
This
quality
of
the
Soil
puts
them
to
some
inconvenience
for
Water
;
with
which
notwithstanding
they
are
supplied
tolerably
well
with
four
publick
Ponds
,
one
in
each
Street
.
It
is
pretty
populous
,
and
well
furnish'd
with
Inns
,
having
the
advantage
of
lying
upon
the
Northern-road
,
from
London
.
The
Cross
in
the
middle
of
the
Town
was
erected
by
Edward
,
to
the
Memory
of
his
Queen
,
Eleanor
.
Ancient
Names
.
Salinae
must
in
all
probability
be
the
place
now
call'd
Chesterfield
,
near
Temesford
;
by
the
course
of
the
Itinerary
,
the
Roman
Mony
,
with
other
marks
of
Antiquity
,
discover'd
there
.
Magioninium
,
need
be
sought
at
no
other
place
than
Dunstable
,
which
stands
upon
a
Roman-way
,
and
has
the
evidence
of
Roman
Mony
to
assert
its
Antiquity
.
Things
Remarkable
.
At
Harewood
,
the
River
was
observ'd
to
stand
in
the
year
1399
;
and
again
in
1648
;
which
have
been
look'd
upon
as
Prognosticks
;
the
first
of
the
Civil
Wars
that
ensu'd
,
the
second
of
the
Death
of
Charles
I.
Fuller's-Earth
is
dug
up
in
great
abundance
about
Woburn
.
A
Woman
in
Dunstable
,
had
nineteen
Children
at
five
Births
;
5
at
two
several
ones
;
and
three
together
at
3
more
.
HERTFORDSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Hertford
seems
to
owe
its
flourishing
Condition
more
to
its
situation
than
Soil
:
For
the
many
Thorow-fairs
to
and
from
London
,
have
mightily
Enrich'd
the
particular
Towns
,
by
the
advantage
of
entertaining
Travellers
;
and
its
nearness
to
the
City
,
(
together
with
the
Healthfulness
of
the
Air
)
has
induc'd
great
numbers
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
to
purchase
and
build
in
those
Parts
.
The
more
remarkable
Towns
are
,
-
S.
Albans
,
-
Hertford
,
-
Ware
,
-
Hatfield
,
-
Royston
,
-
Stortford
.
S.
Albans
,
(
the
old
Verulamium
of
the
Romans
,
and
the
Watling-chester
of
the
Saxons
)
was
of
such
considerable
Note
under
the
Romans
,
as
to
be
a
Municipium
;
but
in
the
famous
Insurrection
of
Queen
Boodicia
,
was
entirely
laid
Waste
by
the
Britains
:
However
it
recover'd
it self
,
and
afterwards
had
the
honour
of
being
the
Birth-place
of
S.
Alban
(
the
Proto-martyr
of
Britain
,
in
the
time
of
Dioclesian
;
)
a
Person
so
eminent
for
Piety
and
Goodness
,
that
the
Town
afterwards
took
his
Name
,
as
the
greatest
Honour
it
could
do
it self
.
For
when
Offa
had
built
a
large
and
splendid
Monastery
,
Dedicated
to
the
Memory
of
S.
Alban
,
the
Town
presently
flourish'd
,
and
was
particularly
ambitious
of
a
Relation
to
that
Saint
.
From
time
to
time
there
have
been
discover'd
vast
remains
of
Roman
Antiquity
,
in
the
place
where
the
old
Verulamium
stood
,
now
turn'd
into
a
Cornfield
.
The
Church
of
the
Monastery
is
still
standing
,
and
is
a
most
noble
Pile
of
Building
.
At
present
,
't
is
a
large
flourishing
Town
,
having
the
advantage
of
being
a
Thorow-fair
,
on
the
Northern-road
from
London
.
Hertford
,
(
so
call'd
,
as
if
one
should
say
a
Ford
of
Harts
;
for
their
Arms
is
a
Hart
couchant
in
the
Water
)
is
a
Town
rather
noted
for
giving
name
to
the
whole
County
,
than
any
riches
or
beauty
of
its
own
.
The
Assizes
indeed
are
still
kept
here
,
a
mark
of
its
ancient
Prosperity
;
but
the
Place
is
neither
Populous
nor
of
any
tolerable
Trade
.
Ware
,
(
so
nam'd
from
the
Wear
in
the
River
Lea
)
is
a
populous
thriving
Place
,
owing
its
rise
to
the
decay
of
Hertford
:
For
about
King
John's
time
,
the
High-road
was
turn'd
this
way
;
and
ever
since
Ware
has
been
encreasing
,
and
the
other
dwindling
away
by
little
and
little
.
Hatfield
is
more
remarkable
for
the
stately
Seat
of
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
than
any
thing
the
Town
it self
can
boast
of
beside
.
Royston
,
or
Royse's
Town
(
on
the
North-side
of
the
County
)
is
so
call'd
from
a
certain
Lady
nam'd
Roysia
,
who
erected
a
Cross
in
this
place
.
The
Town
(
ever
since
Richard
I.
granted
it
the
privilege
of
a
Market
)
has
been
still
growing
;
and
deals
especially
in
Malt
and
Corn
.
Stortford
,
upon
the
little
River
Stort
,
is
of
late
years
grown
into
a
considerable
Market-Town
,
and
is
very
well
furnish'd
with
good
Inns.
Ancient
Places
.
Verulamium
has
been
by
all
Men
and
all
Ages
,
so
undoubtedly
settl'd
at
S.
Albans
,
that
it
is
even
at
this
day
known
by
the
name
of
Verulam
in
several
of
our
Writings
;
and
commonly
enough
in
Conversation
.
Durocobrivae
,
upon
account
of
the
beginning
and
end
,
must
be
sought
somewhere
upon
a
River
,
dur
signifying
Water
,
and
briva
a
Passage
.
The
course
of
the
Road
directs
us
to
look
for
it
below
Flamsted
,
where
the
ancient
High-way
crosses
the
Water
.
Things
Remarkable
.
The
little
Brook
Womer
near
Redborn
,
is
by
the
Inhabitants
thought
to
portend
Dearth
or
troublesome
Times
,
when
it
breaks
out
.
The
Font
at
S.
Albans
,
wherein
the
Children
of
the
Kings
of
Scotland
us'd
to
be
Baptiz'd
,
was
a
most
noble
Monument
,
plac'd
here
by
Sir
Rich
.
Lea
,
Master
of
the
Pioneers
;
but
it
is
,
since
taken
away
,
as
it
seems
,
in
the
late
Civil
Wars
.
MIDDLESEX
.
THE
County
of
Middlesex
,
or
Middle-Saxons
,
(
so
call'd
from
its
situation
between
the
East
and
South
Saxons
)
is
of
no
large
extent
,
but
is
furnish'd
with
great
numbers
of
fair
Buildings
and
sweet
Seats
,
for
the
retirement
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
.
Places
most
considerable
are
,
-
London
,
Cap.
-
Westminster
,
-
Uxbridge
,
-
Hamton-Court
,
-
Fulham
,
-
Chelsey
,
-
Hamsted
.
LONDON
,
(
the
Metropolis
of
our
Nation
)
as
it
is
one
of
the
most
flourishing
Cities
in
the
whole
World
,
so
is
it
of
such
Antiquity
,
that
the
most
ancient
Records
and
Memorials
,
can
give
us
no
account
of
its
Original
.
Under
the
Britains
,
it
was
a
considerable
place
;
and
Ammianus
Marcellinus
,
even
in
his
time
,
calls
it
an
ancient
City
.
Its
Glory
appears
more
distinctly
under
the
Romans
,
who
(
probably
out
of
a
jealousie
of
its
Greatness
)
would
not
grant
it
the
privilege
of
a
Muncipium
;
Governing
it
by
a
sort
of
Commissioners
sent
yearly
from
Rome
.
But
though
they
would
not
allow
it
too
much
Power
and
Authority
,
they
own'd
its
Glory
and
Eminence
,
by
giving
it
the
honourable
name
of
Augusta
.
Also
,
when
Constantine
had
confirm'd
Christianity
;
upon
the
removal
of
the
Flamin
,
a
Bishop's
See
was
settl'd
here
.
At
the
beginning
of
the
Saxon
Government
,
it
had
its
share
of
the
Misfortunes
with
which
this
Warlike
People
oppress'd
the
whole
Nation
;
but
bore
up
however
against
the
Storm
,
till
the
Conversion
of
that
People
to
Christianity
.
Then
Aethelbert
King
of
Kent
,
built
a
Church
dedicated
to
S.
Paul
,
which
Posterity
by
degrees
improv'd
into
a
most
stately
Fabrick
.
This
,
along
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
the
City
,
was
Consum'd
in
that
most
dreadful
Fire
which
happen'd
in
the
year
1666
;
and
put
all
things
into
such
confusion
,
that
the
ancient
State
of
this
noble
City
,
must
have
been
in
a
great
measure
hidden
from
Posterity
,
had
not
the
industrious
and
learned
Mr.
John
Stow
,
rescu'd
it
from
Oblivion
by
his
excellent
Survey
.
To
him
I
refer
the
Reader
for
matters
of
Antiquity
;
and
shall
content
my self
with
a
short
description
of
the
several
Buildings
,
and
other
Curiosities
,
which
it
boasts
of
at
this
day
.
Premising
thus
much
in
general
;
that
within
these
Hundred
years
,
and
especially
since
the
above-mention'd
Fire
,
the
City
has
grown
so
strangely
both
in
publick
and
private
Buildings
;
has
also
stretched
it self
out
so
far
on
all
sides
,
that
by
a
Draught
of
an
hundred
years
old
;
nay
,
of
one
taken
immediately
before
1666
,
compar'd
with
its
present
extent
and
beauty
,
one
could
not
imagin
it
to
be
the
same
City
.
I.
The
Tower
,
at
the
East-end
of
the
City
,
is
a
large
stately
Fabrick
,
fortified
with
Walls
and
a
broad
Ditch
;
where
the
Arms
and
other
Warlike
Preparations
are
laid
up
,
as
in
a
common
Store
.
II
.
Gresham-College
,
so
call'd
from
Sir
Thomas
Gresham
the
Founder
,
was
institued
for
the
improvement
of
Arts
and
Sciences
;
and
accordingly
there
are
genteel
Salaries
settl'd
for
the
several
Professors
of
Divinity
,
Law
,
Physick
,
Astronomy
,
Geometry
and
Musick
.
III
.
The
Royal
Exchange
was
built
by
the
same
Sir
Thomas
Gresham
,
and
a
most
noble
Ornament
to
the
C●ty
,
as
well
as
a
singular
convenience
to
th'
Merchants
.
IV
Guild-hall
,
(
or
the
Senate-house
)
a
most
beautiful
Buil●
ng
.
V
●au●'s
Church
,
as
we
observ'd
before
,
was
consum
d
in
the
dreadful
Fire
of
1666
;
but
is
now
rising
again
with
new
Beauty
and
Majesty
.
A
magnificent
Building
i●
〈◇〉
,
if
we
look
upon
its
Extent
and
Strength
;
and
if
upon
the
Contrivance
,
a
most
curious
Fabrick
.
The
Quire
is
well-nigh
finish'd
,
and
in
a
short
time
will
be
fit
for
the
celebration
of
Divine
Service
.
VI
.
Christ-Church-Hospital
was
Founded
by
King
Edward
VI
.
for
the
Maintainance
of
Orphans
;
one
Thousand
whereof
are
suppos'd
to
be
annually
provided
for
by
this
Charity
.
After
they
have
gone
through
the
several
Schools
,
they
are
bound
out
Apprentices
,
at
15
years
of
Age
;
or
sent
to
one
of
the
Universities
,
where
they
are
maintain'd
for
7
years
.
VII
.
Charter-house
(
so
call'd
from
the
Carthusian
Monks
)
was
erected
into
an
Hospital
by
Thomas
Sutton
Esq
by
the
name
of
The
Hospital
of
King
James
,
endowing
it
with
Revenues
sufficient
for
the
Maintenance
of
80
poor
Brothers
or
Pensioners
,
who
are
to
be
either
poor
decay'd
Gentlemen
,
or
Merchants
,
or
Superannuated
Soldiers
,
40
poor
Scholars
,
who
are
either
put
to
Trades
,
or
sent
to
the
University
;
with
a
Master
,
Preacher
,
Physician
,
and
other
Officers
.
VIII
.
The
Inns
of
Court
are
chiefly
Four
,
The
Inner-Temple
,
the
Middle-Temple
,
Grays-Inn
and
Lincolns-Inn
;
besides
several
others
of
less
Note
.
Here
great
numbers
of
young
Gentlemen
are
educated
in
the
study
of
the
Laws
,
and
qualified
either
for
publick
Pleadings
,
or
for
the
service
of
the
Kingdom
in
any
other
Capacity
,
that
requires
a
more
than
ordinary
knowledge
of
our
Customs
and
Constitution
.
Besides
those
Ornaments
we
have
mention'd
,
the
Churches
are
spacious
and
beautiful
;
the
publick
Halls
of
the
several
Companies
large
and
stately
;
the
Squares
uniform
and
pleasant
,
and
the
private
Buildings
and
Shops
exceeding
convenient
.
A
late
ingenious
Author
hath
made
it
probable
from
the
number
of
Burials
and
Houses
in
London
,
Paris
,
and
Rouen
;
that
the
first
of
these
is
altogether
as
big
and
populous
as
both
the
other
two
.
WESTMINSTER
,
as
it
is
a
City
distinct
from
London
,
with
separate
Magistrates
and
Privileges
,
so
was
it
formerly
at
least
a
Mile
distant
from
it
,
till
by
degrees
the
Suburbs
of
the
former
joyn'd
the
latter
,
and
made
them
both
together
look
like
one
entire
City
.
It
seems
to
owe
its
rise
to
the
Church
,
which
Sibert
King
of
the
East-Saxons
built
there
to
the
honour
of
S.
Peter
;
and
which
together
with
its
Westerly
situation
from
London
,
caus'd
its
name
to
be
chang'd
from
Thorney
,
into
the
present
one
of
Westminster
.
Edward
the
Confessor
built
it
anew
,
and
endow'd
it
largely
:
His
Fabrick
was
afterwards
demolish'd
by
Henry
III
.
who
erected
a
new
one
very
stately
and
magnificent
;
to
which
Henry
VII
.
added
a
Chappel
,
commonly
call'd
King
Henry
VIIth's
Chappel
,
for
the
burial
of
himself
and
Children
.
It
was
by
Q.
Elizabeth
converted
into
a
Collegiate
Church
,
consisting
of
a
Dean
,
twelve
Prebendaries
,
&c.
The
greatest
Curiosities
it
affords
are
the
Tombs
and
Monuments
of
our
Princes
,
and
of
the
more
eminent
Nobility
,
with
several
Persons
famous
for
Learning
and
other
Excellencies
in
their
respective
Ages
.
Near
the
Abbey
is
Westminster-hall
,
a
spacious
Room
,
wherein
(
and
in
the
places
round
it
)
Justice
is
publickly
administred
in
the
several
Courts
,
mention'd
in
the
Introduction
.
Nor
ought
the
School
to
be
omitted
,
since
it
is
so
serviceable
to
Church
and
State
,
in
furnishing
both
with
Persons
every
way
qualified
for
the
discharge
of
their
several
Stations
.
White-hall
is
conveniently
seated
between
S.
James's
Park
and
the
Thames
,
and
is
the
Residence
of
our
Kings
.
It
was
the
House
of
Cardinal
Wolsey
,
and
converted
into
a
Royal
Palace
by
King
Henry
VIII
.
Uxbridge
,
upon
the
edge
of
the
County
,
is
a
pretty
large
Town
,
stretch'd
out
on
each
side
a
long
Street
;
lying
upon
the
Road
,
it
reaps
great
advantage
by
the
entertainment
of
Travellers
,
and
is
well
stor'd
with
Inns.
't
is
mention'd
in
our
Histories
,
particularly
upon
account
of
the
Treaty
held
there
,
in
the
Reign
of
Charles
I.
Hamton-Court
,
is
a
Royal
Seat
,
lying
pleasantly
upon
the
River
Thames
,
and
accommodated
with
most
excellent
Prospects
all
round
.
Cardinal
Wolsey
begun
it
,
and
King
Henry
VIII
.
finish'd
it
:
But
their
Structure
though
very
large
and
magnificent
for
that
Age
,
is
far
excell'd
by
the
Additions
made
to
it
by
his
present
Majesty
;
and
that
whether
we
compare
the
Buildings
themselves
,
or
the
Gardens
,
and
other
contrivances
about
it
.
Fulham
is
only
remarkable
for
the
residence
of
the
Bishops
of
Lond●n
,
who
have
here
their
Palace
for
a
retirement
out
of
the
City
.
Chelsey
,
situated
pleasantly
upon
the
Thames
,
is
noted
only
for
its
noble
Hospital
,
built
for
the
maintenance
of
lame
and
decay'd
Soldiers
.
It
was
begun
by
King
Charles
II
,
carried
on
by
King
James
,
and
finish'd
by
his
present
Majesty
;
a
Building
as
in
it self
very
Magnificent
,
so
accommodated
with
all
manner
of
Officers
convenient
for
the
design
,
and
also
with
pleasant
Walks
and
Gardens
.
Hamsted
,
at
a
little
distance
from
L●ndon
to
the
North-west
,
is
remarkable
for
the
goodness
of
the
Air
,
which
has
caus'd
its
enlargement
in
Buildings
of
late
Years
.
Ancient
Places
.
Sulloniacae
is
Brock●ey-hill
upon
the
edge
of
this
County
,
as
appears
both
from
the
distances
and
remains
of
Antiquity
,
(
Coins
,
Urns
,
Bricks
,
&c.
)
that
have
been
discover'd
there
.
Londinum
,
London
,
call'd
also
Augusta
,
a
Title
of
Preheminence
among
the
Romans
.
The
Green-houses
at
Hamton-Court
,
with
Stoves
under
them
,
to
preserve
foreign
Plants
in
gradual
Heats
,
suitable
to
the
Climes
whereof
they
are
Natives
,
is
an
admirable
Contrivance
.
ESSEX
.
ESsex
is
so
call'd
from
the
East-Saxons
who
inhabited
it
,
and
had
that
name
from
their
situation
,
with
relation
to
the
South-Saxons
.
As
't
is
on
one
side
accommodated
with
the
Sea
,
so
is
it
in
all
parts
furnish'd
with
good
Rivers
,
which
do
not
only
water
it
,
but
convey
likewise
all
Necessaries
from
abroad
,
and
give
them
an
opportunity
of
sending
out
such
Commodities
as
they
can
spare
for
the
use
of
foreign
Parts
.
Towns
more
remarkable
,
are
-
Colchester
,
-
Chemsford
,
-
Harwich
,
-
Maldon
.
Colchester
,
seated
on
the
brow
of
a
Hill
and
extended
from
East
to
West
,
flourish'd
in
the
times
of
the
Romans
under
the
name
of
Colonia
,
from
whence
possibly
the
present
Colchester
(
or
as
the
Saxons
call'd
it
Colneceaster
)
has
its
original
.
Next
to
this
their
Antiquity
;
the
Inhabitants
glory
that
Helena
,
Mother
to
Constantine
the
Great
,
was
born
in
this
place
.
At
present
't
is
large
and
populous
,
containing
a
great
many
Parishes
.
Chemsford
or
Chelmesford
,
has
a
convenient
situation
,
just
at
the
meeting
of
two
Rivers
.
The
place
seems
to
have
been
of
no
great
note
,
till
the
Bishop
of
London
,
in
Henry
I.'s
time
,
turn'd
the
high
Road
through
it
,
which
before
lay
through
Writtle
.
At
present
,
the
Assizes
are
held
in
it
.
Harwich
is
more
famous
upon
account
of
its
Harbour
,
than
either
the
Riches
or
Building
of
the
Town
.
The
convenience
of
Passage
from
hence
to
Holland
,
is
the
occasion
why
't
is
so
much
talk'd
of
,
and
so
well
known
.
Maldon
,
tho'
of
it self
large
and
well-inhabited
,
(
being
one
Street
reaching
a
mile
in
length
)
is
yet
of
greater
eminence
by
reason
of
its
Antiquity
,
and
the
considerable
Figure
that
it
made
among
our
Fore-fathers
.
Claudius
Caesar
,
in
his
attempt
upon
Britain
,
storm'd
this
place
,
and
left
a
strong
Garrison
to
hold
and
defend
it
.
But
when
the
Insolence
of
the
Soldiers
came
to
such
a
height
,
that
the
poor
Britains
could
no
longer
bear
the
Indignities
and
Oppressions
;
these
(
under
the
conduct
of
Boadicia
)
form'd
themselves
into
a
Confederacy
,
burnt
this
Colony
,
and
put
all
the
Inhabitants
to
the
Sword
.
Under
the
Saxons
we
hear
little
or
nothing
of
it
;
tho'
in
the
Conqueror's
time
,
it
seems
to
have
been
in
a
tolerable
condition
,
Domesday
reckoning
180
Houses
.
Ancient
Places
.
Durolitum
,
by
the
course
of
the
Itinerary
,
the
sound
of
the
present
name
,
and
the
remains
of
Antiquity
discover'd
thereabouts
,
cannot
well
be
any
other
than
Leyton
,
about
6
miles
from
London
.
Convennos
Insula
,
has
the
plain
Remains
of
the
old
name
left
it
in
the
Island
Canvey
,
about
5
miles
in
length
,
which
feeds
great
numbers
of
Sheep
.
Caesaromagus
is
Dunmow
,
written
anciently
Dunmage
and
Dunmawg
,
the
last
Syllable
whereof
is
a
plain
Relick
of
the
old
magus
;
and
as
for
the
first
(
Dun
)
every
one
knows
how
common
that
is
in
the
ancient
names
of
places
.
All
the
Objection
is
,
That
it
lies
a
little
out
of
the
Road
,
which
the
Itinerary
seems
to
take
in
that
Journey
;
but
any
one
who
observes
what
wheelings
and
windings
the
Itinerary
takes
in
other
parts
of
England
,
will
hardly
stick
upon
that
exception
.
Canonium
,
is
Writtle
through
which
the
high
way
pass'd
before
Henry
I.'s
time
:
And
,
besides
,
't
was
a
place
of
note
among
the
Saxons
,
and
after
the
Conquest
;
which
agrees
well
with
that
observation
,
That
the
Saxons
settl'd
in
the
deserted
Stations
of
the
Romans
.
Othona
,
a
Garrison
under
the
Count
of
the
Saxon
Shore
,
seems
to
have
been
at
Ithancester
,
mention'd
by
our
Histories
,
and
seated
about
the
utmost
point
of
Dengy-hundred
.
Camalodunum
,
from
the
present
name
,
the
course
of
the
Itinerary
,
and
the
consent
of
all
judicious
Writers
,
must
be
concluded
to
have
been
at
Maldon
,
which
we
describ'd
before
.
Ad
Ansam
seems
to
be
Wittham
;
for
the
Road
lies
through
it
,
the
distances
answer
,
and
it
still
shews
an
old
Camp
.
Colonia
is
by
all
agreed
to
be
Colchester
.
Idumani
fl
.
ostium
,
is
Black-water-bay
,
ydu
in
British
signifying
black
.
Things
Remarkable
.
The
Caverns
near
Tilbury
,
in
a
chalky
Soil
,
have
given
occasion
to
some
Conjectures
;
tho'
perhaps
no
one
does
so
well
agree
either
with
the
nature
of
the
Ground
or
the
custom
of
the
Britains
,
as
the
opinion
,
That
they
were
intended
by
that
People
for
Supplies
of
Chalk
to
manure
their
Lands
.
Walfleet-Oysters
,
are
got
in
great
abundance
upon
this
Coast
,
and
so
call'd
from
a
Wall
(
built
to
secure
the
Inhabitants
against
Inundations
)
along
which
they
lie
.
It
was
a
pleasant
Custom
which
they
had
in
the
Priory
of
Dunmow
,
That
whoever
did
not
repent
of
his
Marriage
in
a
year
and
a
day
,
upon
Oath
made
thereof
before
the
Prior
and
Convent
,
should
have
a
Gammon
of
Bacon
deliver'd
him
.
SUFFOLK
.
THE
County
of
Suffolk
,
contracted
from
Suthfolk
(
for
so
it
was
written
among
the
Saxons
)
is
so
call'd
from
its
situation
with
respect
to
Norfolk
or
North-folk
.
The
Soil
is
,
in
most
parts
,
very
fruitful
;
assisted
by
a
sort
of
Marle
mixt
with
Clay
.
Towns
more
remarkable
,
are
-
Bury
,
-
Ipswich
,
-
New-market
,
-
Clare
.
Bury
(
so
call'd
by
contraction
for
S.
Edmunds-bury
)
seems
to
ow
its
original
and
growth
,
in
a
great
measure
,
to
the
Translation
of
the
Body
of
S.
Edmund
to
this
place
;
an
excellent
Prince
,
who
was
barbarously
murder'd
by
the
Danes
.
And
even
the
Danish
Cruelties
,
which
were
the
ruin
of
most
other
places
,
did
a
considerable
service
to
this
Town
;
King
Canutus
,
out
of
a
desire
to
make
amends
for
the
Injuries
done
it
by
his
Father
Sueno
,
taking
a
particular
liking
to
it
,
and
endowing
it
with
many
Privileges
.
The
Popes
also
,
out
of
a
regard
to
the
sanctity
of
S.
Edmund
,
granted
it
large
Immunities
.
So
that
the
Monastery
and
Town
grew
apace
in
Wealth
and
Reputation
,
till
the
general
Dissolution
by
King
Henry
VIII
.
And
now
,
tho'
the
first
is
destroy'd
,
the
second
is
still
in
a
flourishing
condition
.
Ipswich
,
is
a
place
mention'd
in
our
Histories
about
the
latter
end
of
the
Saxons
;
by
whom
it
was
call'd
Gypeswic
.
The
advantage
of
a
Harbour
has
made
it
considerable
;
and
,
accordingly
,
that
of
late
years
having
not
been
so
commodious
as
formerly
,
the
Town
it self
has
gone
a
little
to
decay
.
For
about
an
hundred
years
ago
,
they
had
14
Churches
;
which
are
so
far
from
being
encreas'd
,
that
at
this
day
there
remain
only
12.
Their
number
of
Ships
also
is
considerably
diminish'd
of
late
years
;
which
must
be
an
Argument
that
their
Trade
is
not
so
good
as
it
has
been
.
New-market
,
upon
the
edge
of
Cambridge-shire
,
by
the
very
name
betrays
its
want
of
Antiquity
.
That
it
is
of
note
at
present
,
is
not
owing
either
to
Manufactures
or
any
particular
Commodities
;
but
partly
to
its
situation
upon
the
Road
,
and
partly
to
its
convenience
for
Hunting
and
Horse-races
:
By
which
Entertainments
the
Court
is
pretty
often
drawn
thither
;
and
acccordingly
,
there
is
a
House
built
for
his
Majesty
.
Clare
,
upon
the
River
Stour
,
is
very
often
mention'd
in
our
English
Histories
,
on
account
of
the
Earls
to
whom
it
has
given
Title
,
and
who
,
in
their
several
Ages
,
have
been
Men
of
great
Worth
and
Eminence
.
Ancient
Places
.
Villa
Faustini
seems
to
belong
to
S.
Edmunds-bury
,
by
the
course
of
the
Itinerary
.
Combrelonium
discovers
it self
in
the
present
Bretenham
,
upon
the
River
Breton
;
the
Termination
Ham
being
an
addition
purely
Saxon
.
Extensio
or
{αβγδ}
,
a
Promontory
,
shooting
it self
a
long
way
into
the
Sea
;
which
we
,
at
this
day
,
call
Easton-ness
.
Gasiononum
,
is
Burgh-castle
upon
the
Coast
of
Norfolk
,
near
Yarmouth
.
Things
Remarkable
.
That
vast
Ditch
which
runs
along
New-market-heath
,
is
a
Work
so
prodigious
,
that
the
common
People
cannot
conceive
it
made
by
any
but
the
Devil
;
and
upon
that
fancy
have
call'd
it
Devils-dike
.
Whereas
,
't
is
plain
,
that
it
was
contriv'd
as
a
common
Fence
and
Bound
between
the
two
Kingdoms
in
the
Saxon
Heptarchy
.
It
was
a
factious
sort
of
Tenure
,
by
which
Hemingston
in
this
County
was
holden
,
viz.
upon
condition
,
That
every
Christmas-day
the
Lord
of
it
should
dance
,
make
a
noise
with
his
Cheeks
puff'd
out
,
and
let
a
Fart
,
in
the
presence
of
the
King
.
Upon
the
Sea-coast
,
near
Aldburrow
,
the
Inhabitants
valu'd
themselves
upon
a
signal
favour
of
Providence
;
which
,
in
a
time
of
great
Dearth
,
sent
'em
a
Crop
of
Pease
among
the
hard
Rocks
,
in
the
beginning
of
Autumn
.
But
the
more
judicious
find
no
occasion
for
the
Miracle
;
but
think
it
may
be
very
well
solv'd
,
by
imagining
the
Sea
might
cast
in
some
Pulse
left
in
it
by
Shipwrack
,
and
so
cause
that
unusual
growth
.
NORFOLK
.
THE
County
of
Norfolk
is
so
call'd
with
respect
to
Suffolk
,
as
if
one
should
say
,
the
northern
People
,
or
the
northern
branch
of
the
East-Angles
.
Of
all
the
Shires
in
England
,
this
is
observ'd
to
be
most
populous
,
for
the
compass
,
and
to
be
thickest
set
with
Towns
and
Villages
.
They
are
generally
rich
and
live
handsomly
,
which
perhaps
may
be
one
reason
why
they
have
been
so
much
given
to
the
study
of
the
Laws
;
so
that
even
your
ordinary
sort
are
not
altogether
unacquainted
with
the
little
Niceties
of
Courts
and
Pleadings
.
Riches
breed
Quarrels
,
and
Quarrels
Law-suits
,
and
those
drive
the
Parties
engag'd
to
the
Examination
of
their
Cause
;
which
would
never
be
thought
of
nor
started
,
if
they
were
as
hard
put
to
it
for
the
common
Necessaries
of
Life
,
as
they
are
in
many
other
places
.
The
more
remarkable
Places
,
are
-
Norwich
,
-
Yarmouth
,
-
Lynne
,
-
Walsingham
.
Norwich
,
is
as
much
as
one
should
say
a
Castle
or
Fort
to
the
North
,
with
relation
to
Castor
,
about
four
miles
South
from
it
,
out
of
the
Ruins
whereof
Norwich
seems
to
have
risen
.
For
that
it
is
much
more
modern
,
appears
from
hence
,
that
we
do
not
find
it
mention'd
before
the
latter
end
of
the
Saxon
times
;
whereas
Castor
was
,
no
doubt
,
the
ancient
Venta
.
It
is
seated
upon
the
side
of
a
Hill
from
North
to
South
,
about
a
mile
and
a
half
,
or
two
miles
in
length
:
The
Inhabitants
are
wealthy
,
the
City
populous
,
and
the
Buildings
(
both
publick
and
private
)
very
neat
and
beautiful
.
It
has
11
Gates
,
and
is
surrounded
with
Walls
,
except
where
't
is
defended
by
the
River
,
viz.
on
the
East
.
Domesday
tells
us
,
it
had
not
less
than
1320
Burgesses
;
and
altho'
it
suffer'd
very
much
by
the
Insurrection
of
Ralph
Earl
of
the
East-Angles
against
William
the
Conqueror
,
yet
was
that
damage
abundantly
repair'd
,
when
the
Episcopal
See
was
remov'd
hither
from
Thetford
.
The
great
number
of
Netherlanders
,
who
came
over
,
upon
the
Tyranny
of
the
Duke
of
Alva
,
and
settl'd
here
,
seem
also
to
have
been
a
mighty
advantage
to
the
City
,
by
settling
the
Manufacture
of
Worsted
Stuffs
.
Yarmouth
,
on
the
mouth
of
the
River
Yare
,
seems
to
have
risen
out
of
the
Ruins
of
old
Garianonum
,
as
Norwich
did
out
of
those
of
Castor
or
Venta
.
It
is
not
of
so
much
note
,
as
one
would
expect
from
the
advantage
of
the
Sea
,
and
the
convenience
of
the
Harbor
.
The
reason
is
,
because
the
violence
of
the
Wind
upon
this
Coast
,
is
such
,
that
they
have
much
ado
to
keep
the
Haven
so
open
and
free
from
heaps
of
Sand
,
as
to
maintain
a
tolerable
Trade
.
At
present
,
their
great
Business
,
is
the
Herring-trade
.
They
have
but
one
Church
,
very
large
and
stately
,
with
a
high
,
lofty
Spire
.
Lynne
,
about
the
entrance
of
the
Ouse
into
the
Ocean
,
next
to
Norwich
,
is
the
best
Town
in
those
parts
,
having
grown
in
Wealth
,
Buildings
and
number
of
Merchants
,
by
the
convenience
of
a
very
safe
and
advantagious
Harbour
.
The
Soil
too
,
all
about
it
,
contributes
to
its
greatness
;
for
't
is
fat
and
luscious
,
and
very
fruitful
.
The
very
name
implies
a
moist
,
fenny
situation
;
Hlyn
signifying
so
much
in
the
old
British
.
Walsingham
was
one
of
the
most
famous
Places
in
these
parts
,
till
the
Dissolution
of
Monasteries
by
King
Henry
VIII
.
for
then
,
its
Monastery
(
from
whence
sprung
all
its
Glory
,
Reputation
and
Riches
,
)
was
plunder'd
and
demolish'd
.
Before
,
rich
Jewels
,
Gold
and
Silver
,
were
heap'd
in
with
so
much
profuseness
,
according
to
the
superstition
of
those
times
,
that
it
was
the
great
admiration
of
Strangers
and
Travellers
.
Ancient
Places
.
Sitomagus
seems
to
be
Thetford
,
which
was
formerly
a
place
of
great
note
,
till
the
Bishop's
See
was
remov'd
to
Norwich
,
and
then
it
fell
to
decay
.
Garienis
ostium
discovers
it self
by
the
present
name
of
the
River
Yare
,
and
of
the
Town
at
the
mouth
,
Yarmouth
.
Venta
Icenorum
,
the
capital
City
of
the
Iceni
,
was
at
Castor
3
miles
South
of
Norwich
;
now
faln
to
decay
,
but
known
to
be
a
place
of
Antiquity
by
the
old
Walls
,
and
the
discovery
of
Roman
Coins
.
Metaris
aestuarium
,
mention'd
by
Ptolomy
,
is
suppos'd
to
be
the
Washes
,
near
Lynne
.
Iciani
,
by
the
name
should
seem
to
be
Ic-borough
.
Brannodunum
is
plainly
Brancaster
near
Walsingham
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Carleton
in
this
County
was
held
by
a
pleasant
Tenour
,
That
100
Herrings
bak'd
in
24
Pies
should
be
presented
to
the
King
,
in
what
part
of
England
soever
he
was
,
when
they
first
came
into
season
.
The
custom
is
still
observ'd
,
and
the
Herrings
duly
convey'd
to
the
King
by
the
Lord
of
the
Manor
.
Herrings
are
observ'd
to
be
more
plentiful
upon
this
Coast
,
than
any
other
part
of
England
;
which
brings
,
in
great
advantage
to
the
Inhabitants
.
S.
Bennet's
,
an
Island
,
is
so
loose
and
unfix'd
,
that
it
seems
to
be
kept
from
swimming
away
,
only
by
the
Roots
of
Trees
.
CAMBRIDGESHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Cambridge
,
according
to
different
parts
,
is
of
a
different
Soil
.
The
South
is
fertil
,
well-till'd
and
bears
abundance
of
Barley
;
whereof
they
make
vast
quantities
of
Malt
.
The
North
is
more
wet
and
spungy
,
and
so
fitter
for
Corn
than
Pasture
;
not
only
upon
account
of
its
loose
softness
,
but
by
reason
also
of
the
frequent
over-flowings
in
those
parts
.
The
principal
Towns
are
,
-
Cambridge
,
-
Ely
.
Cambridge
seems
to
be
the
Daughter
of
the
old
Camboritum
,
and
possibly
may
have
borrow'd
the
first
Syllable
of
her
name
from
the
Mother
.
The
University
is
her
greatest
Glory
,
which
for
many
hundred
years
has
furnish'd
Church
and
State
with
Persons
of
Learning
,
Piety
and
Prudence
.
When
it
was
first
instituted
;
let
others
determine
:
Thus
much
is
certain
,
that
like
Oxford
,
at
first
it
afforded
the
Scholars
no
publick
reception
or
place
of
Studies
,
but
oblig'd
them
to
take
up
with
such
Lodgings
in
the
Town
as
they
could
get
.
By
degrees
,
the
inconvenience
of
this
method
was
observ'd
,
not
only
from
the
mean
Accommodation
they
met
with
,
but
also
from
the
frequent
Commotions
caus'd
by
the
Insolence
of
the
Towns-men
.
Whereupon
,
pious
and
charitable
Persons
began
to
erect
Inns
and
Hostels
for
the
reception
of
Scholars
,
in
order
to
give
them
an
opportunity
of
retirement
,
and
an
indepence
upon
the
Town
.
But
still'd
they
liv'd
upon
their
own
Estates
,
enjoying
only
the
convenience
of
Lodgings
,
without
any
manner
of
Endowments
;
till
,
in
the
Reign
of
Edward
I.
they
began
to
build
Colleges
,
not
only
for
the
Reception
,
but
also
for
the
maintenance
of
certain
numbers
of
Scholars
,
according
to
the
Revenues
assign'd
to
that
purpose
.
The
order
and
time
of
their
Foundation
,
with
their
respective
Founders
,
are
as
follow
.
Colleges
and
Halls
.
|
Founders
.
|
Year
.
|
Peter-house
,
|
Hugh
Batsham
.
|
1284.
|
Clare-hall
,
|
Richard
Badew
.
|
1340.
|
Bennet
or
Corpus
Christi
,
|
Society
of
Friers
in
Corpus
Christi
,
|
1346.
|
Pembroke-hall
,
|
Lady
Mary
S.
Paul
,
Count
.
of
Pembroke
.
|
1347.
|
Trinity-hall
,
|
William
Bateman
.
|
1353.
|
Gonvil
and
Caius
,
|
Edmund
Gonvil
.
|
1348.
|
Afterwards
finish'd
by
John
Caius
.
|
|
King's
College
,
|
Henry
VII
.
|
1441.
|
Queen's
College
,
|
Q.
Margaret
of
Anjou
.
|
1448.
|
Katherine-hall
,
|
Robert
Woodlark
.
|
1459.
|
Jesus
College
,
|
John
Alcocke
.
|
1497.
|
Christ
College
,
and
S.
John's
,
|
Margaret
Countess
of
Richmond
.
circ
.
|
1506.
|
Magdalen
College
,
|
Thomas
Audley
.
|
1542.
|
Trinity
College
,
|
Henry
VIII
.
|
1546.
|
Emanuel
,
|
Sir
Walter
Mildmay
.
|
|
Sidney-Sussex
,
|
Frances
Sidney
.
|
|
This
University
,
as
well
as
its
Sister
Oxford
,
has
its
publick
Schools
and
Library
;
but
falls
far
short
of
them
in
stateliness
of
Buildings
,
number
of
Books
,
and
other
Ornaments
.
The
Structures
most
remarkable
in
Cambridge
,
are
,
1.
King's-College-Chappel
,
which
for
contrivance
and
largeness
,
is
look'd
upon
to
be
one
of
the
finest
in
the
World
.
2.
Trinity-College-Library
,
begun
under
the
government
of
the
famous
Dr.
Barrow
,
and
now
entirely
finish'd
;
for
beauty
and
design
(
considering
also
the
bigness
of
it
)
perhaps
it
cannot
be
match'd
in
the
3
Kingdoms
.
Ely
is
seated
in
the
chief
of
those
spungy
Islands
,
wherewith
this
northern
part
of
the
County
abounds
.
Whether
it
had
the
name
from
Eels
,
I
shall
not
dispute
:
't
is
certain
,
the
softness
of
the
Soil
and
the
watry
situation
do
both
make
the
Conjecture
more
plausible
,
than
Polydore
Virgil's
fancy
about
the
Greek
{αβγδ}
signifying
a
marsh
.
For
what
have
we
to
do
here
with
a
Greek
original
?
The
place
ows
its
rise
to
Religion
;
for
Etheldreda
Wife
to
Egfrid
King
of
Northumberland
,
founded
here
a
Nunnery
,
which
afterwards
,
by
the
patronage
of
Kings
and
Noblemen
,
grew
up
to
an
incredible
degree
of
Wealth
and
Revenues
.
Insomuch
,
that
in
Henry
I.'s
time
it
was
advanc'd
to
the
dignity
of
a
Bishop's
See
,
and
had
Cambridgeshire
assign'd
it
for
its
Diocess
,
which
before
belong'd
to
Lincoln
.
Notwithstanding
these
Advantages
,
the
City
cannot
boast
of
any
great
beauty
,
either
in
publick
or
private
Buildings
;
for
its
fenny
situation
,
making
the
Air
thick
and
gross
,
has
render'd
it
no
very
desirable
place
of
Residence
.
The
Cathedral
,
indeed
,
is
a
spacious
and
beautiful
Building
.
Ancient
Places
.
Camboritum
,
situated
upon
the
River
Cam
,
and
implying
as
much
as
a
Ford
over
it
,
is
the
old
Grantcester
of
the
Saxons
,
out
of
the
Ruins
whereof
the
present
Cambridge
seems
to
have
risen
.
Things
Remarkable
.
The
vast
Ditches
thrown
up
by
the
East-Angles
in
several
parts
of
this
County
,
to
prevent
the
Incursions
of
the
Mercians
,
are
such
as
few
other
places
can
shew
.
Sturbridge-fair
,
so
call'd
from
the
River
Sture
upon
which
it
is
kept
every
year
in
September
,
is
very
famous
for
resort
of
People
and
variety
of
Wares
.
HUNTINGDONSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Huntingdon
seems
to
have
that
name
from
the
convenience
of
Hunting
,
an
opinion
that
is
back'd
by
the
ancient
condition
of
this
Shire
,
which
is
said
to
have
been
almost
one
entire
Forest
till
the
Reign
of
Henry
II
.
At
present
,
it
is
a
very
good
Corn-Country
;
and
the
East-parts
,
which
are
fenny
and
very
fat
,
afford
excellent
Pasture
.
The
more
remarkable
Towns
are
,
-
Huntingdon
,
-
Goodmanchester
,
-
Kimbolton
,
-
S.
Ives
.
Huntingdon
,
the
chief
Town
of
the
Shire
,
is
seated
upon
the
River
Ouse
.
Formerly
,
it
was
much
more
considerable
,
than
at
present
it
is
;
as
appears
from
its
fifteen
Churches
,
being
reduc'd
to
two
.
The
cause
of
this
decay
seems
to
be
the
obstruction
mention'd
by
Speed
to
have
been
made
in
the
River
which
before
was
navigable
to
this
Town
,
to
the
great
profit
of
the
Inhabitants
.
Goodmanchester
,
call'd
formerly
Gormonchester
,
stands
over
against
Huntingdon
,
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
.
It
has
improv'd
it self
chiefly
by
Agriculture
,
wherein
the
Inhabitants
are
very
industrious
;
and
they
boast
,
that
at
one
time
they
have
entertain'd
the
King
in
his
progress
,
with
a
noble
Show
of
ninescore
Plows
.
And
,
in
this
their
Employment
,
they
have
been
so
successful
,
that
in
the
Reign
of
King
James
I.
the
Town
was
made
a
Corporation
.
Kimbolton
,
a
pretty
fair
Town
,
seated
in
a
bottom
,
is
the
Ornament
of
the
East-part
of
this
County
.
S.
Ives
,
upon
the
River
Ouse
,
is
call'd
by
a
late
Writer
,
a
fair
,
large
and
ancient
Town
:
But
within
these
3
or
4
years
it
was
a
great
part
of
it
burnt
down
;
and
so
,
possibly
,
may
hardly
merit
that
character
at
present
.
Ancient
Places
.
Durobrivae
,
i
.
e
.
the
passage
of
the
River
(
viz.
Nen
)
must
be
Dornford
,
formerly
call'd
Dorm-ceaster
and
Caer-Dorm
;
whether
we
respect
the
course
of
the
Itinerary
,
the
discovery
of
ancient
Coins
,
or
the
marks
of
an
old
City
.
Durosiponte
,
by
the
import
of
the
Word
,
must
have
been
some
place
upon
the
Ouse
;
the
name
signifying
a
Bridge
over
the
Ouse
.
Gormonchester
bids
fairest
for
it
;
which
,
as
an
Evidence
of
its
Antiquity
,
throws
up
old
Roman
Mony
:
And
,
besides
,
that
more
modern
name
was
only
given
it
,
when
King
Alfred
bestow'd
these
parts
upon
Gorman
the
Dane
.
Things
Remarkable
.
It
has
been
observ'd
of
this
County
,
that
the
Families
have
gone
strangely
to
decay
;
and
that
even
an
hundred
years
ago
,
there
were
few
Sir-names
of
any
note
,
which
could
be
drawn
down
beyond
the
Reign
of
Henry
VIII
.
The
cause
is
uncertain
;
unless
we
should
impute
it
to
the
great
quantity
of
Abby-lands
that
were
in
this
Shire
;
which
,
upon
the
Dissolution
,
fell
into
Lay-hands
,
and
perhaps
would
no
more
stick
by
them
here
,
than
they
have
done
by
their
owners
in
other
places
.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Northampton
is
a
plain
,
level
Country
,
abounding
with
Pasturage
and
Corn-fields
.
The
number
of
Churches
is
an
argument
of
its
populousness
;
for
they
are
so
thick
set
,
that
from
some
places
you
may
see
no
less
than
30
Steeples
at
a
time
.
For
Houses
also
of
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
,
it
may
vie
with
any
County
in
England
,
of
an
equal
bigness
.
The
more
remarkable
Towns
are
,
-
Northampton
,
-
Peterburrow
,
-
Dantrey
.
Northampton
,
seated
at
the
meeting
of
two
Rivers
,
seems
to
be
of
no
great
Antiquity
,
since
we
hear
little
of
it
in
our
Histories
,
till
after
the
Conquest
But
in
the
Commotions
rais'd
by
the
rebellious
Barons
,
it
was
made
the
Seat
of
War
:
And
sometimes
,
the
Kings
of
England
have
held
their
Parliaments
at
it
;
induc'd
by
the
convenience
of
its
situation
,
almost
in
the
Heart
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
Buildings
of
it
were
very
handsome
,
and
the
Town
it self
pretty
large
;
having
within
the
Walls
7
Parish-Churches
,
and
in
the
Suburbs
,
two
.
But
in
our
Age
,
a
most
dreadful
Fire
laid
it
in
Ashes
;
by
which
the
Inhabitants
must
have
been
ruin'd
,
and
the
Town
it self
have
been
buried
in
Oblivion
,
had
not
the
liberal
Contributions
of
the
Kingdom
reliev'd
the
one
,
and
repair'd
the
other
.
So
that
now
,
the
first
are
wealthy
much
beyond
their
Neighbours
;
and
the
second
need
give
place
to
no
Town
in
England
for
neatness
,
beauty
and
situation
.
Peterburrow
,
seated
upon
the
River
Nen
,
is
so
call'd
from
a
Monastery
begun
there
by
Peada
first
Christian
King
of
the
Mercians
,
and
dedicated
to
S.
Peter
.
It
suffer'd
much
from
the
Danes
,
who
destroy'd
the
Monastery
and
Monks
together
;
so
that
it
lay
desolate
for
above
an
hundred
years
.
Then
Ethelwold
,
Bishop
of
Winchester
,
rebuilt
it
,
and
restor'd
the
Monks
;
who
liv'd
in
great
abundance
till
the
dissolution
by
King
Henry
VIII
.
The
same
King
erected
it
into
a
Bishop's
See
,
giving
this
County
and
Rutlandshire
for
its
Diocess
.
The
Cathedral
is
a
most
noble
Fabrick
;
but
was
much
more
so
before
the
civil
Wars
,
when
it
was
defac'd
,
and
depriv'd
of
many
considerable
Ornaments
.
Dantrey
is
a
good
Market-town
,
well
stor'd
with
Inns.
Some
have
imagin'd
,
the
name
came
from
a
relation
it
might
have
to
the
Danes
;
and
,
that
the
large
Fortification
near
it
,
was
the
work
of
that
People
.
But
the
form
of
it
,
which
is
four-square
,
and
the
Coins
of
the
Emperors
,
do
sufficiently
assert
it
to
the
Romans
.
Ancient
Places
.
Tripontium
,
is
probably
to
be
fixt
at
Torcester
in
this
County
;
which
by
the
ancient
Coins
they
dig
up
,
is
undoubtedly
a
place
of
great
Antiquity
.
Bannavenna
is
certainly
Weedon
on
the
Street
,
upon
the
River
Nen
;
not
only
because
it
is
a
place
of
Antiquity
,
but
also
because
the
distances
on
both
sides
exactly
answer
,
and
a
military
way
goes
directly
along
by
it
.
Things
Remarkable
Burghley-house
,
upon
the
Welland
,
was
a
most
noble
Structure
even
an
hundred
years
ago
;
but
now
,
is
mightily
improv'd
by
the
present
Earl
of
Exeter
:
So
that
for
the
stateliness
of
Rooms
,
Pictures
,
Paintings
,
Carvings
,
Gardens
,
Walks
,
Terrasses
,
and
all
other
things
which
furnish
out
a
compleat
Seat
,
it
may
vie
with
the
best
in
England
.
Few
Travellers
of
Curiosity
,
that
go
this
way
,
are
willing
to
lose
the
opportunity
of
such
a
goodly
Sight
.
Near
Lilburn
,
upon
the
edge
of
Warwickshire
,
upon
digging
a
Burrow
in
hopes
of
meeting
with
hidden
Treasures
,
they
found
nothing
but
Coals
:
From
whence
some
have
concluded
it
to
have
been
rais'd
for
a
Boundary
,
building
upon
the
Authority
of
S.
Austin
and
other
ancient
Writers
,
who
mention
that
custom
.
Within
the
Demesnes
of
Boughton
in
this
County
,
is
a
petrifying
Well
;
from
whence
a
Skull
all
over
Stone
(
both
within
and
without
)
was
brought
to
,
and
preserv'd
in
Sidney-College
in
Cambridge
.
LEICESTERSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Leicester
is
a
Champain
,
abounding
with
Corn
;
but
very
few
parts
of
it
afford
any
Wood
.
The
old
Roman-way
,
call'd
Watlingstreet
,
runs
along
the
West-side
of
it
.
The
more
considerable
Places
are
,
-
Leicester
,
-
Melton-Mowbray
.
-
Ashby
de
la
Zouch
.
Leicester
,
standing
upon
the
River
Soar
,
is
a
place
of
great
Antiquity
;
for
when
the
Mercian
Kingdom
was
divided
into
Diocesses
,
a
Bishop's
See
was
settl'd
here
;
which
is
a
great
sign
of
its
eminence
at
that
time
.
But
tho'
that
was
quickly
remov'd
,
we
find
that
in
the
Conqueror's
time
it
was
in
a
very
good
condition
,
and
continu'd
so
till
the
Reign
of
Henry
II
.
under
whom
it
was
grievously
harrass'd
upon
account
of
the
Rebellion
of
Robert
Bossu
Earl
of
Leicester
.
At
present
,
it
is
a
beautiful
Town
,
pleasantly
situated
,
and
adorn'd
with
handsom
Churches
.
Melton
Mowbray
,
so
call'd
from
the
Mowbrays
formerly
Lords
of
it
,
is
a
good
Market-town
,
and
the
most
considerable
for
Cattle
of
any
in
that
part
of
England
.
Thre
is
little
in
the
Town
worth
our
notice
,
besides
the
large
and
handsom
Church
.
Ashby
de
la
Zouch
,
so
call'd
probably
from
the
de
la
Zouches
Lords
thereof
,
is
a
very
pleasant
Town
,
belonging
now
to
the
Earls
of
Huntingdon
.
Ancient
Places
.
Bennones
must
be
about
Cleybrook
,
both
because
the
ancient
Ways
cross
here
(
as
Antoninus
has
hinted
)
and
also
because
of
the
ancient
Coins
,
and
Foundations
of
Buildings
that
have
been
discover'd
.
Bensford-bridge
,
not
far
off
,
may
seem
to
have
something
in
it
of
the
old
Bennones
.
Ratae
has
the
same
evidence
to
assert
it
to
Leicester
,
where
several
pieces
of
Antiquity
have
been
found
;
and
an
old
Trench
call'd
Rawdikes
may
possibly
have
some
remains
of
the
old
name
.
Verometum
must
be
settl'd
upon
Burrow-hill
,
where
are
the
visible
marks
of
an
old
Fortification
;
tho'
now
it
is
turn'd
into
arable
Ground
.
Things
Remarkable
.
The
Lazers
or
Lepers
had
an
Hospital
in
this
County
,
at
Burton-Lazers
;
which
is
thought
to
have
been
built
about
the
beginning
of
the
Normans
,
when
the
Leprosie
over-spread
England
.
't
is
a
remarkable
Epitaph
,
that
is
in
the
Church
of
S.
Martins
,
in
Leicester
;
whereby
we
learn
that
one
Mr.
Heyrick
(
who
dy'd
Apr.
1589.
aged
76.
)
liv'd
in
one
House
with
Mary
his
Wife
full
52
years
,
and
in
all
that
time
never
bury'd
Man
,
Woman
nor
Child
,
tho'
they
were
sometimes
20
in
Family
.
RUTLANDSHIRE
.
RUtlandshire
is
the
least
of
all
the
Counties
in
England
;
and
,
before
the
Conquest
,
seems
to
have
been
part
of
Northamptonshire
.
For
till
long
after
the
coming
in
of
the
Normans
,
we
do
not
find
it
nam'd
as
a
distinct
County
.
't
is
of
a
form
almost
circular
;
the
Soil
is
rich
,
and
the
situation
pleasant
.
Towns
more
remarkable
,
are
-
Uppingham
,
-
Okeham
.
Uppingham
,
in
the
South-part
of
the
Shire
,
is
a
well-frequented
Market-town
,
and
has
a
handsom
School
.
Okeham
(
situated
pleasantly
in
the
middle
of
the
Vale
of
Catmore
,
and
so
call'd
from
Oaks
)
belong'd
formerly
to
the
Ferrars
,
and
is
at
present
a
Market-town
of
good
note
.
Ancient
Places
.
Margidunum
,
by
its
Termination
,
seems
to
point
out
to
us
some
Hill
in
these
parts
,
where
we
are
to
look
for
it
.
Market-Overton
has
certainly
the
best
right
;
which
,
as
it
is
seated
upon
a
high
Ground
,
and
answers
the
distances
exactly
enough
,
so
does
it
cast
up
abundance
of
Coins
in
testimony
of
its
Antiquity
;
and
shews
store
of
Marle
,
to
answer
the
Marga
in
the
beginning
of
the
old
name
.
Things
Remarkable
.
At
Okeham
,
was
born
a
Dwarf
who
was
scarce
18
inches
high
,
when
a
year
old
,
and
when
30
,
only
about
3
foot
and
9
inches
.
When
the
Court
came
progress
that
way
,
he
was
serv'd
up
in
a
cold
Pye
at
the
Duke
of
Buckingham's
Table
.
't
is
an
odd
custom
at
the
same
Town
,
That
the
first
time
any
Baron
of
the
Realm
comes
through
it
,
he
shall
give
a
Horse-shooe
to
nail
upon
the
Castle-gate
:
And
in
case
he
refuses
,
the
Bayliff
has
power
to
stop
his
Coach
,
and
take
one
off
his
Horse's
Foot
.
LINCOLNSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Lincoln
is
very
large
,
and
is
branch'd
into
three
parts
,
under
three
several
names
,
Holland
,
Kesteven
and
Lindsey
.
The
first
is
a
soft
,
marshy
Ground
,
abounding
with
Rivers
and
Fens
;
the
second
is
much
better
Peopl'd
,
has
a
more
wholsome
Air
,
and
a
Soil
more
fruitful
;
the
third
juts
out
into
the
Ocean
with
a
large
Front
,
and
is
bigger
than
either
of
the
other
two
.
The
more
considerable
Towns
,
are
-
Lincoln
,
-
Stamford
,
-
Boston
,
-
Grantham
.
Lincoln
(
probably
so
call'd
from
its
watry
situaation
,
Lhin
in
British
implying
so
much
)
is
the
chief
Town
of
this
County
both
in
Antiquity
and
Dignity
.
For
it
was
fortify'd
by
the
Britains
;
and
Vortimer
himself
was
bury'd
in
it
.
Notwithstanding
the
Calamities
which
the
Danes
brought
upon
it
,
it
still
kept
up
its
Head
;
and
,
at
the
Conquest
,
was
in
a
thriving
condition
,
as
we
learn
from
Domesday
.
About
which
time
,
the
Bishop's
See
was
transferrd
thither
from
Dorchester
;
upon
a
publick
Order
,
that
no
Bishops
should
have
their
Seats
in
obscure
Villages
.
The
Diocess
was
exceeding
large
;
and
notwithstanding
Ely
was
taken
out
of
it
by
Henry
II
.
and
Peterburrow
and
Oxford
by
Henry
VIII
.
it
is
still
by
much
the
greatest
in
England
.
The
Cathedral
,
as
it
now
stands
,
is
a
most
stately
Pile
,
and
of
excellent
Workmanship
;
to
which
perfection
it
was
brought
by
several
Hands
.
't
is
said
,
there
were
once
50
Churches
in
it
;
but
now
not
above
18.
So
much
has
Time
spoil'd
it
of
its
ancient
Grandeur
.
Stamford
,
upon
the
River
Welland
,
is
so
call'd
from
the
stony
ford
that
was
in
that
place
.
Before
the
Conquest
,
it
flourish'd
very
much
;
and
in
the
time
of
Edward
III
.
upon
a
Contest
between
the
Northern
and
Southern
Students
in
Oxford
,
a
great
number
of
them
retir'd
hither
,
and
settl'd
an
University
.
But
upon
an
accommodation
,
they
went
back
again
,
and
a
publick
Act
was
pass'd
,
That
no
Oxford-man
should
ever
profess
at
Stamford
.
In
the
civil
Wars
between
the
Houses
of
York
and
Lancaster
,
it
was
destroy
d
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
and
could
never
after
perfectly
recover
it self
;
tho'
at
present
it
contains
some
seven
Parishes
.
Boston
or
Botolph's
Town
,
at
the
mouth
of
the
Witham
,
is
built
on
both
sides
that
River
,
and
join'd
with
a
wooden
Bridge
.
In
Edward
I.'s
time
,
it
was
ransack'd
and
burnt
down
by
a
wicked
Gang
,
which
could
never
be
discover'd
:
Only
,
their
Ring-leader
confessed
the
Fact
,
and
was
hang'd
.
But
it
recover'd
it self
;
especially
by
the
Staple
of
Wool
being
settl'd
here
,
which
very
much
enrich'd
it
.
The
Inhabitants
at
present
deal
mostly
in
Merchandise
and
Grazing
;
and
with
so
good
success
,
that
the
Town
is
populous
and
well-built
,
and
the
Market
much
frequented
.
Their
Church
is
a
beautiful
Building
,
the
high
Steeple
whereof
is
a
good
Guide
to
Mariners
.
Grantham
is
a
good
Market-town
;
and
is
much
talk'd
of
upon
account
of
its
exceeding
high
Steeple
.
Ancient
Places
.
Gausennae
may
be
conveniently
enough
settl'd
at
Brig-casterton
near
Stamford
,
where
the
River
Gwash
or
Wash
crosses
the
high-way
;
which
possibly
may
be
some
remain
of
the
old
Gausennae
.
Ad
Pontem
is
plainly
Paunton
,
near
the
head
of
the
River
Witham
;
which
may
be
inferr'd
not
only
from
the
similitude
of
Names
,
but
also
from
the
distances
and
marks
of
Antiquity
,
discover'd
in
that
place
.
Crococalana
,
tho'
it
wants
the
analogy
of
names
to
claim
a
place
at
Ancaster
,
is
yet
sufficiently
demonstrated
to
belong
to
it
,
both
by
the
distances
from
the
Stations
on
each
side
,
its
situation
upon
the
high
Way
,
and
the
Coins
,
Vaults
,
&c.
that
have
been
d●scover'd
there
.
Lindum
is
on
all
hands
agreed
to
be
Lincoln
.
Things
Remarkable
.
About
Belvoir-castle
,
they
find
the
Astroites
or
Star-stone
,
resembling
little
Stars
with
five
Rays
.
In
Stamford
they
have
the
custom
,
which
Littleton
calls
Burrough-English
;
whereby
the
youngest
Sons
inherit
such
Lands
as
their
Fathers
die
possess'd
of
.
Between
Stamford
and
Lincoln
,
they
have
many
Spaws
or
Chalybiate-springs
:
Those
which
are
most
used
,
are
Bourne
and
Walcot
,
near
Folkingham
.
At
Wragby
,
8
miles
East
of
Lincoln
,
a
Woman
brought
forth
a
Child
with
two
Heads
,
An.
1676.
which
liv'd
some
hours
.
At
Salslelby
,
near
the
Sea-coast
,
one
Mr.
John
Watson
was
Minister
74
years
;
in
which
time
he
bury'd
the
Inhabitants
three
times
over
,
save
3
or
4
Persons
.
He
dy'd
Aug.
1693.
aged
102.
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Nottingham
is
exceeding
well-water'd
by
the
River
Trent
,
and
those
lesser
ones
that
run
into
it
.
The
West-part
of
it
is
all
taken
up
with
the
spacious
Forest
of
Shirwood
.
The
Towns
more
considerable
,
are
-
Nottingham
,
-
Southwell
,
-
Newark
,
-
Mansfield
.
Nottingham
,
the
chief
Town
of
the
County
,
is
very
pleasantly
situated
;
having
on
one
side
sweet
Meadows
;
on
the
other
,
Hills
of
an
easie
ascent
.
The
Town
is
very
beautiful
,
being
adorn'd
with
a
delicate
Market-place
,
neat
Churches
,
and
convenient
private
Buildings
.
But
that
which
has
made
it
most
famous
in
all
Ages
,
is
its
strong
Castle
;
built
by
Peverel
base
Son
to
William
the
Conqueror
.
In
the
beginning
of
the
civil
Wars
,
Charles
I.
set
up
his
Royal
Standard
here
in
the
year
,
1642.
but
a
little
after
,
it
came
into
the
Hands
of
the
Parliament
,
and
that
War
being
over
,
it
was
order'd
to
be
pull'd
down
.
The
Duke
of
Newcastle
hath
since
erected
a
splendid
Fabrick
in
the
place
,
begun
in
the
year
,
1674.
Southwell
is
famous
at
this
day
for
its
Collegiate
Church
of
Prebendaries
,
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
.
Here
,
the
Archbishops
of
York
have
a
Palace
,
and
3
Parks
.
Newark
is
a
pretty
Town
lying
upon
the
Trent
;
so
call'd
as
if
one
should
say
a
new
Work
from
the
new
Castle
built
there
by
Alexander
Bishop
of
Lincoln
.
Our
modern
Histories
mention
it
pretty
much
upon
account
of
its
being
a
Garison
for
King
Charles
I
,
which
held
out
to
the
very
last
.
Mansfield
is
the
chief
Town
in
the
Forest
of
Sherwood
,
and
is
a
plentiful
and
flourishing
Market
.
Ancient
Places
.
Agelocum
or
Segelocum
is
probably
at
Littleburrow
upon
Trent
,
both
because
the
old
Way
goes
along
by
it
;
and
also
because
within
the
marks
of
an
ancient
Wall
in
the
neighbouring-Field
,
the
Country-people
meet
with
Roman
Coins
,
which
they
call
Swine-penies
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Mortimer's
hole
,
and
that
Vault
wherein
David
II
.
King
of
Scotland
was
kept
Prisoner
,
are
Rarities
wherewith
they
entertain
Strangers
in
the
Castle
of
Nottingham
.
At
Workensop
,
they
have
Liquorice
in
great
abundance
.
DERBYSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Derby
,
towards
the
South-part
is
hardly
six
miles
broad
;
but
in
the
North
,
is
thirty
.
The
East
and
South
are
well
till'd
and
fruitful
enough
;
but
the
West
,
commonly
call'd
the
Peak
of
Derby
,
is
nothing
but
Rocks
and
Mountains
:
Which
yet
makes
amends
for
its
Barrenness
,
by
the
abundance
of
Lead
,
Iron
,
&c.
which
they
dig
in
those
parts
.
The
principal
Town
of
this
Shire
,
is
Derby
,
so
call'd
from
being
a
shelter
for
Deer
,
which
implies
,
that
this
was
formerly
a
woody
Tract
.
It
was
pretty
famous
in
the
times
of
the
Saxons
;
but
at
the
Conquest
was
very
much
impair'd
:
Whether
by
the
Danish
Tyranny
,
I
know
not
;
only
thus
much
is
certain
,
That
the
Danes
made
it
a
Harbour
and
Retreat
in
their
Depredations
,
till
they
were
driven
out
of
it
by
the
victorious
Lady
Ethelfleda
.
At
present
,
it
is
a
handsom
Town
and
pretty
large
,
having
a
reputation
for
admirable
good
A
L
E
above
its
Neighbours
.
The
Trade
of
the
place
is
a
sort
of
Retail
,
viz.
buying
Corn
in
order
to
make
advantage
of
it
by
Sale
to
the
High-land
Countries
.
The
Peak
(
as
was
observ'd
)
is
a
craggy
,
mountainous
Country
,
yet
is
not
altogether
useless
;
for
the
Hills
feed
great
numbers
of
Sheep
,
and
it
affords
also
a
mixture
of
Vales
pleasant
enough
.
Under
Ground
they
meet
with
,
1.
Lead
,
2.
Antimony
,
3.
Mill-stones
,
4.
the
Fluor
,
a
Stone
like
Crystal
.
Remarkable
Things
.
Buxton-wells
,
in
the
Peak
of
Derby
,
have
a
good
reputation
among
the
Naturalists
;
and
are
said
to
have
a
Vertue
very
Soveraign
in
many
Distempers
.
The
Devil's
Arse
in
Peak
,
is
a
spacious
Hole
,
with
a
great
many
corners
,
like
so
many
apartments
.
Elden-hole
is
remarkable
for
its
deepness
:
Mr.
Cotton
plumb'd
it
to
the
depth
of
800
fathom
,
but
could
find
no
bottom
;
at
least
,
that
he
could
certainly
know
to
be
so
.
Near
Pooles-hole
,
is
a
little
Brook
,
consisting
of
both
hot
and
cold
Waters
,
which
are
unmixt
,
and
yet
so
near
that
you
may
put
the
Finger
and
Thumb
,
one
in
hot
and
the
other
in
cold
,
both
at
the
same
time
.
WARWICKSHIRE
THE
County
of
Warwick
is
divided
into
two
parts
,
the
Feldon
,
and
the
Woodland
;
that
on
the
South-side
,
and
this
on
the
North-side
of
Avon
.
By
this
division
't
is
certain
,
that
as
one
was
a
Champain
,
so
the
other
was
a
woody
Country
:
The
first
afforded
all
the
Pasture
and
Corn-grounds
,
and
the
second
was
of
little
use
,
besides
Fuel
.
But
the
Ironworks
in
the
Counties
round
,
have
so
consum'd
the
Wood
,
that
they
have
long
since
made
way
for
the
Plough
;
and
at
present
,
what
by
Marle
,
and
other
good
Contrivances
,
all
this
part
produces
abundance
of
Corn
:
So
that
the
Feldon
is
turn'd
,
in
a
great
measure
,
into
Pasturage
.
The
chief
Towns
,
are
-
Warwick
,
-
Coventry
,
-
Bremicham
.
-
Stratford
upon
Avon
.
Warwick
,
the
principal
Town
of
this
Shire
,
tho'
it
seems
to
have
been
eminent
even
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
,
does
yet
owe
its
rise
,
in
a
great
measure
to
the
noble
Lady
Ethelfleda
,
who
rais'd
it
out
of
Ashes
.
And
indeed
,
we
cannot
wonder
why
it
should
be
particularly
pitch'd
upon
,
in
those
warlike
times
,
for
a
Retreat
and
Sanctuary
,
since
Nature
her self
seems
to
have
made
it
for
that
purpose
.
The
Hill
on
which
it
stands
,
is
one
entire
Rock
of
free
Stone
;
and
the
four
ways
leading
into
the
Town
were
cut
through
it
.
The
Castle
is
exceeding
strong
,
and
was
of
great
consequence
in
times
of
War
;
but
now
't
is
a
noble
and
delightful
Seat
.
On
the
South
of
the
Town
,
is
a
Prospect
of
a
sweet
,
fruitful
Champain
;
on
the
North
,
of
Groves
and
Parks
.
The
two
publick
Ornaments
,
are
the
County-hall
and
the
Market-house
.
This
was
the
condition
of
the
place
,
till
of
late
;
when
a
most
dreadful
Fire
,
enforc'd
by
a
very
strong
Wind
,
laid
the
best
part
of
the
Town
in
ashes
:
But
't
is
hop'd
,
the
Contributions
of
the
Kingdom
will
be
so
liberal
,
the
in
a
few
years
we
shall
see
it
rise
out
of
its
Ruins
with
a
fresh
Beauty
.
Coventry
,
so
call'd
from
a
Convent
there
,
had
formerly
the
honour
of
a
Bishop's
See
;
which
,
within
a
few
years
,
was
remov'd
back
to
Lichfield
;
but
upon
this
Condition
,
That
the
Bishop
should
take
his
Title
from
both
places
.
They
own
Leofrick
Earl
of
Mercia
and
Godiva
his
Wife
,
for
their
greatest
Benefactors
.
The
growth
and
increase
of
the
Town
seems
to
be
owing
,
in
a
great
measure
,
to
the
Manufacture
of
Cloathing
and
Caps
,
for
which
they
were
once
very
eminent
;
tho'
now
they
are
almost
laid
aside
.
That
which
they
value
themselves
upon
,
is
a
stately
Cross
,
built
by
Sir
William
Hollies
Lord
Mayor
of
London
,
for
Beauty
and
Workmanship
not
to
be
match'd
in
England
.
The
Walls
(
which
were
very
strong
)
were
demolisht
at
the
Restoration
,
by
order
of
King
Charles
II
.
Bremicham
,
is
a
very
populous
Town
,
abounding
with
handsom
Buildings
:
It
seems
to
be
of
a
late
date
,
and
to
have
risen
chiefly
by
the
Iron-works
,
which
are
the
great
Business
of
the
place
.
Stratford
upon
Avon
is
a
pretty
Market-town
;
and
has
a
fine
Stone-bridge
over
the
Avon
,
consisting
of
14
Arches
.
Ancient
Places
.
Praesidium
,
mention'd
by
the
Notitia
,
is
in
all
probability
the
Town
of
Warwick
;
than
which
no
situation
can
be
more
proper
for
a
Garison
.
Manduessedum
must
be
sought
for
upon
Watling-street
,
and
there
we
meet
with
Mancester
;
which
as
it
carries
in
it
some
Remains
of
the
old
Name
,
so
does
it
shew
its
Antiquity
by
a
Fort
,
which
they
call
Oldbury
.
Things
Remarkable
.
On
the
side
of
Edge-hill
,
is
the
shape
of
a
Horse
cut
in
the
Ground
;
and
the
Trenches
that
form
it
,
are
kept
open
by
a
Freehold
in
the
Neighbourhood
,
who
hold
Lands
by
that
Service
.
About
Shugbury
,
they
often
meet
with
the
Astroites
;
which
being
put
into
Vinegar
,
keep
themselves
in
motion
,
as
appears
by
Experiment
.
In
memory
of
Godiva
their
great
Patroness
,
the
Inhabitants
of
Coventry
have
a
yearly
Cavilcade
or
solemn
Procession
,
with
a
naked
Figure
,
representing
her
riding
naked
on
Horse-back
through
the
City
.
The
occasion
is
this
:
Godiva
(
as
Tradition
says
)
redeem'd
the
Town
from
very
heavy
Taxes
,
laid
upon
them
by
her
Husband
Leofrick
;
these
he
would
upon
no
Terms
remit
,
unless
she
would
consent
to
ride
through
the
Town
naked
;
which
she
did
,
and
cover'd
her
Body
with
her
long
dischevel'd
Hair
.
WORCESTERSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Worcester
is
very
happy
both
in
its
Air
and
Soil
;
and
is
excellently
water'd
by
the
River
Severn
,
which
runs
through
the
very
midst
of
it
.
The
South-part
has
also
the
advantage
of
the
Avon
,
running
out
of
Warwickshire
into
the
Severn
.
The
more
remarkable
Towns
,
are
-
Worcester
,
-
Kedderminster
,
-
Evesham
,
-
Droitwich
.
Worcester
,
the
chief
place
in
this
County
,
seems
to
have
had
its
original
from
the
convenience
of
its
situation
upon
the
Severn
.
For
that
River
being
the
Boundary
between
the
Britains
and
Saxons
,
the
frequent
Incursions
of
the
former
oblig'd
the
latter
to
fence
and
guard
it
with
the
utmost
diligence
.
And
to
go
yet
higher
;
it
might
probably
enough
be
one
of
those
Garisons
which
the
Romans
built
to
keep
in
awe
the
Britains
in
those
parts
,
and
to
secure
themseves
against
Plots
and
Insurrections
.
In
the
year
,
680.
it
was
made
an
Episcopal
See
,
and
the
Church
was
fill'd
with
marry'd
Presbyters
;
till
Dunstan
turn'd
them
out
and
plac'd
Monks
in
their
room
.
But
those
too
were
at
last
ejected
by
King
Henry
VIII
.
who
plac'd
there
a
Dean
and
Prebendaries
.
The
City
it self
is
large
,
populous
and
wealthy
,
dealing
much
in
the
Cloath-trade
.
't
is
govern'd
by
a
Mayor
and
six
Aldermen
,
who
are
Justices
of
the
Peace
and
elected
out
of
the
24
capital
Citizens
.
Kedderminster
,
at
a
little
distance
from
the
Severn
,
is
not
remarkable
for
any
Antiquity
it
can
claim
;
but
is
,
however
,
a
handsom
Town
,
adorn'd
with
a
beautiful
Church
,
and
has
a
Market
very
well
frequented
.
Evesham
,
upon
the
River
Avon
,
was
very
famous
among
our
Fore-fathers
,
upon
account
of
the
Monastery
built
there
by
Egwin
,
about
the
year
,
700.
The
Town
is
seated
upon
a
gentle
ascent
,
and
is
neat
enough
;
receiving
not
only
great
Advantages
,
but
the
pleasure
also
of
an
open
,
free
Prospect
,
from
the
spacious
and
fruitful
Vale
of
Evesham
,
which
produces
Corn
in
great
abundance
.
Droitwich
,
upon
the
River
Salwarp
,
has
got
both
its
Reputation
and
Riches
by
the
Brine-pits
,
and
the
purest
kind
of
Salt
which
they
make
.
They
had
a
Charter
granted
them
by
King
James
I.
and
the
Burrough
is
govern'd
by
two
Bailiffs
and
a
certain
number
of
Burgesses
.
Ancient
Places
.
Branonium
,
call'd
also
Branogenium
,
is
undoubtedly
the
City
of
Worcester
,
call'd
by
the
Britains
at
this
day
Caer
Urangen
.
Things
Remarkable
.
The
Brine-pits
at
Droitwich
afford
great
quantities
of
fine
white
Salt
;
and
would
yield
much
more
,
but
that
the
Proprietors
are
careful
,
for
their
own
Interest
,
not
to
over-stock
the
Markets
.
The
River
Severn
,
about
Holt
and
the
neighbouring
Parts
,
breeds
prodigious
numbers
of
River-Lampreys
.
Washbourn
under
Bredon-hills
,
with
some
other
Villages
,
are
entirely
sever'd
from
the
main
Body
of
the
County
.
STAFFORDSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Stafford
,
as
to
the
Figure
,
is
broad
in
the
middle
,
but
narrow
towards
each
end
:
As
to
the
Soil
,
't
is
mountainous
,
and
not
very
fruitful
towards
the
North
;
but
in
the
middle
and
South-parts
,
is
very
fertil
and
pleasant
.
The
chief
Towns
are
,
-
Stafford
,
-
Lichfield
.
Stafford
,
upon
the
River
Sow
,
requires
our
mention
,
more
upon
account
of
its
giving
name
to
the
whole
County
,
than
any
Beauty
,
Riches
or
Populousness
of
its
own
.
Nor
was
it
very
considerable
,
about
the
Conquest
;
for
we
find
by
Domesday
,
That
the
King
had
in
this
place
only
18
Burgesses
.
The
Barons
of
Stafford
,
owners
of
Stafford-castle
,
were
exceeding
favourable
to
it
,
got
it
erected
into
a
Burrough
in
the
Reign
of
King
John
,
and
procur'd
for
it
very
large
Privileges
and
Liberties
.
Lichfield
,
upon
the
River
Trent
,
is
a
very
ancient
Town
,
and
seems
to
have
had
that
name
from
the
dead
Bodies
of
those
Christians
who
are
said
to
have
been
put
to
death
here
,
in
the
time
of
Dioclesian
.
Oswy
King
of
Northumberland
settl'd
a
Bishop's
See
in
this
place
,
as
early
as
the
year
,
606.
which
also
afterwards
had
its
Archbishop
for
some
time
;
but
that
lasted
not
long
.
The
situation
of
it
is
low
;
and
the
City
is
handsom
and
pretty
large
.
Its
greatest
Ornaments
,
are
,
the
Cathedral
,
the
Bishop's
Palace
,
and
the
Houses
of
the
Prebendaries
;
which
make
a
noble
Show
.
't
is
divided
into
two
parts
by
a
sort
of
Lough
;
which
yet
have
communication
by
two
Causeys
.
It
was
first
made
a
Corporation
by
King
Edward
VI
.
who
granted
to
it
Bailiffs
and
Burgesses
.
Ancient
Places
.
Elocetum
will
best
suit
with
the
course
and
order
of
the
Itinerary
,
if
it
be
settl'd
at
Wall
,
about
a
mile
South
of
Lichfield
.
For
the
Remains
of
old
Walls
and
Buildings
,
plainly
shew
it
to
be
a
place
of
Antiquity
;
which
being
gain'd
,
the
agreement
of
the
Distances
are
a
sufficient
Argument
to
prefer
this
place
before
any
other
.
Pennocrucium
should
seem
,
at
first
sight
,
to
be
Penkridge
,
upon
the
River
Penk
;
and
the
Distances
,
as
well
as
Sound
,
would
favour
such
a
Conjecture
well
enough
.
But
there
is
one
Objection
against
it
,
That
it
lies
a
considerable
way
from
the
Old
Road
,
and
so
cannot
well
be
suppos'd
to
be
one
of
their
Stations
,
which
seldom
or
never
were
remov'd
from
the
Way
.
Stretton
,
a
little
lower
,
carries
Antiquity
in
its
very
name
(
as
much
as
if
one
should
say
the
Street-town
)
suits
the
Distances
very
well
,
and
has
the
advantage
of
lying
upon
the
Road
,
from
which
it
takes
the
name
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Below
the
confluence
of
the
River
Tame
and
the
Trent
,
northward
,
there
is
great
store
of
Alabaster
.
The
3
Stones
,
erected
Spire-wise
in
the
Churchyard
at
Checley
,
with
the
little
Images
cut
upon
two
of
them
,
upon
what
account
soever
they
might
be
set
up
,
are
very
remarkable
.
SHROPSHIRE
.
SHropshire
(
as
a
Frontier-Country
between
the
Welch
and
English
)
has
more
Castles
built
in
it
,
than
any
other
County
in
England
.
Insomuch
,
that
a
late
Author
observes
,
That
it
seems
to
be
parted
from
Wales
with
a
continu'd
Wall
of
Castles
:
And
,
't
is
said
by
another
,
That
no
less
than
32
Castles
have
been
built
within
this
Shire
,
besides
the
fortify'd
Towns
.
The
Soil
of
it
is
fruitful
,
and
the
Country
pleasant
.
The
chief
Towns
are
,
-
Shrewsbury
,
-
Ludlow
.
Shrewsbury
,
the
chief
Town
of
the
County
,
tho'
it
cannot
pretend
to
Roman
Antiquity
,
did
yet
rise
out
of
the
Ruins
of
an
old
,
neighbouring
City
,
Uricondum
;
and
was
of
very
good
note
among
the
Saxons
.
So
that
,
about
the
Conquest
,
we
find
252
Citizens
reckon'd
in
it
;
and
Roger
de
Montgomery
,
who
had
it
bestow'd
upon
him
by
the
Conqueror
,
improv'd
it
considerably
with
Building
;
and
fortify'd
it
with
a
strong
Castle
.
And
indeed
,
the
natural
situation
of
the
Town
is
encouragement
enough
to
pitch
upon
it
particularly
for
a
place
of
Strength
and
Sanctuary
.
The
Severn
had
in
a
great
measure
done
the
work
to
their
Hands
,
having
almost
encompass'd
it
,
and
made
it
look
like
a
Peninsula
.
At
present
,
't
is
well-built
,
well-inhabited
and
well-traded
.
For
,
standing
in
the
Confines
of
England
and
Wales
,
it
is
(
as
it
were
)
the
common
Mart
of
both
Nations
.
Of
the
publick
Buildings
,
the
most
noted
is
the
School
,
which
is
a
stately
Stone
Fabrick
,
erected
and
endow'd
by
Q.
Elizabeth
,
for
one
Master
and
three
under-Masters
.
It
has
likewise
a
curious
Library
,
which
together
with
the
School
and
Houses
for
the
School-masters
,
make
it
look
like
a
College
.
Ludlow
,
at
the
meeting
of
the
Rivers
Teond
and
Corue
,
ows
its
original
to
the
Castle
built
in
the
place
by
Roger
de
Montgomery
;
which
he
enclosd
with
a
Wall
.
The
Town
is
beautiful
and
in
a
thriving
condition
,
notwithstanding
all
the
Misfortunes
it
has
undergone
,
in
the
turns
of
War
,
by
being
a
Frontier
between
England
and
Wales
.
For
which
King
Henry
VIII
.
made
it
amends
very
amply
,
when
he
settl'd
there
the
Council
of
the
Marches
,
consisting
of
a
Lord
President
,
so
many
Counsellors
and
other
Officers
;
which
does
not
only
add
to
its
Reputation
,
but
also
is
of
considerable
consequence
to
it
in
point
of
Interest
.
Ancient
Places
.
Rutunium
discovers
it self
very
distinctly
in
the
present
name
of
Routon
,
in
the
West-part
of
this
County
,
not
far
from
the
Severn
;
which
Analogy
of
Names
is
of
so
much
the
more
force
,
because
the
Distances
agree
very
well
on
both
sides
.
Unconium
is
call'd
at
this
day
Wroxeter
(
at
some
distance
from
Shrewsbury
)
;
and
the
ancient
Fortifications
and
Buildings
of
the
Romans
(
the
Remains
whereof
are
visible
)
are
nam'd
The
old
Works
of
Wroxeter
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Where
the
Rivers
Clume
and
Temd
meet
,
arises
the
famous
Caer-Caradock
,
a
large
Hill
,
which
was
the
Scene
of
that
Action
between
Ostorius
the
Roman
,
and
Caratacus
the
Britain
;
whereof
Tacitus
has
given
us
a
very
distinct
Account
.
The
Sweating-sickness
in
the
year
1551.
which
over-ran
the
whole
Kingdom
,
was
observ'd
to
begin
in
Shrewsbury
.
't
is
a
pretty
Device
,
the
Fishermen
in
those
parts
have
invented
,
viz.
a
little
Coracle
(
as
they
call
it
)
of
an
Oval
Form
,
made
of
split
Sally-twigs
,
and
next
the
Water
cover'd
with
an
Horse's
hide
.
In
this
,
one
Man
seats
himself
;
rows
with
one
Hand
very
swiftly
,
and
with
the
other
can
manage
his
Net
,
Angle
or
other
Fishing-tackle
.
CHESHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Chester
is
a
fruitful
Country
,
and
very
well
water'd
.
It
boasts
most
of
its
Palatine
Jurisdiction
,
by
virtue
whereof
its
Earl
was
stil'd
Comes
Palatinus
,
and
all
the
Inhabitants
held
of
him
as
in
chief
;
and
were
under
a
Sovereign
Allegiance
to
him
,
as
to
the
King
.
He
held
also
his
Parliaments
,
where
even
the
Barons
were
oblig'd
to
give
their
Attendance
.
But
when
this
unlimited
Power
(
which
had
been
granted
about
the
Conquest
)
came
to
break
in
by
degrees
upon
the
Regal
Authority
it self
,
and
was
justly
suspected
by
our
Kings
.
Henry
VIII
.
restrain'd
their
Sovereignty
,
and
made
them
dependent
upon
the
Crown
.
Notwithstanding
which
,
all
Pleas
of
Lands
and
Tenements
,
&c.
ought
to
be
judicially
determin'd
within
this
Shire
;
no
Crime
but
Treason
forcing
an
Inhabitant
of
this
County
to
a
Trial
elsewhere
.
The
more
considerable
Places
are
,
-
Chester
,
-
Nantwich
.
Chester
,
call'd
from
its
westerly
situation
West-Chester
,
was
(
under
Agricola
Lieutenant
of
Britain
)
the
Seat
of
the
Legion
call'd
Vicesima
Victrix
,
settl'd
there
to
curb
the
Incursions
of
the
Ordovices
.
And
accordingly
,
the
discovery
of
Roman
Coins
,
Inscriptions
,
&c.
are
a
sufficient
mark
,
not
only
of
its
Antiquity
,
but
likewise
of
the
Eminent
Character
it
bore
in
those
times
.
A
little
after
the
Conquest
,
it
was
made
a
Bishop's
See
,
by
Peter
Bishop
of
Lichfield
;
but
did
not
enjoy
that
Dignity
long
.
In
all
the
Disturbances
between
the
English
and
Welch
,
this
City
has
constantly
had
its
share
;
being
immediately
expos'd
to
their
Fury
when-ever
they
met
with
any
favourable
prospect
of
an
Incursion
.
Perhaps
,
it
might
be
in
consideration
of
their
good
Services
,
that
King
Henry
VII
.
was
mov'd
to
incorporate
the
Town
into
a
distinct
County
.
But
his
Successor
King
Henry
VIII
.
did
it
the
greatest
Honour
,
when
,
upon
the
expulsion
of
the
Monks
,
he
erected
it
into
a
Bishop's
See
;
a
Dignity
that
it
had
wanted
for
many
hundred
years
.
The
City
it self
is
of
a
square
Form
,
the
Buildings
whereof
are
very
neat
;
and
the
chief
Street
is
adorn'd
with
Piazza's
on
each
side
.
It
has
eleven
Parish-Churches
.
The
Sea
is
not
so
kind
as
it
has
been
formerly
;
having
withdrawn
it self
,
and
depriv'd
the
City
of
the
advantage
of
an
Harbour
.
Nantwich
,
lying
upon
the
River
Wever
,
is
a
Town
very
well-built
,
with
a
handsom
Church
.
It
seems
to
owe
its
Growth
to
the
Brine-pits
,
which
afford
them
the
whitest
Salt
,
in
great
abundance
.
Upon
which
account
,
't
is
call'd
by
the
Welch
Hellath-wen
,
that
is
,
White-salt-wich
.
Ancient
Places
.
Deva
,
is
on
all
Hands
agreed
,
to
be
the
City
of
Chester
.
Bonium
seems
to
have
left
something
of
its
name
in
the
ancient
Banchor
,
a
Monastery
of
great
eminence
among
our
Fore-fathers
,
lying
upon
the
River
Dee
;
and
the
Distances
,
with
other
Circumstances
,
do
moreover
assert
it
to
the
same
place
.
Cangi
,
a
People
of
the
Britains
,
are
settl'd
in
these
parts
,
upon
the
Authority
of
an
old
Inscription
,
dug
up
near
this
Coast
.
Condatum
seems
to
be
Congleton
in
this
County
by
the
sound
;
but
the
Distances
and
Course
of
the
Itinerary
do
not
so
well
hit
with
the
Conjecture
.
An
old
Inscription
dug
up
at
Presbrig
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Durham
,
would
encline
us
to
carry
it
thither
,
by
its
mention
of
this
ancient
place
.
Things
Remarkable
.
The
County
is
remarkable
for
making
excellent
Cheese
,
which
it
sends
thorow
the
whole
Kingdom
.
In
the
Heaths
and
Bottoms
,
through
which
the
Wever
passes
in
the
South-part
of
the
Shire
,
they
dig
up
Trees
under
Ground
;
a
thing
indeed
not
peculiar
to
the
County
,
but
remarkable
enough
.
In
this
County
,
they
make
abundance
of
Salt
.
HEREFORDSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Hereford
is
water'd
by
the
pleasant
Rivers
Wye
,
Lug
and
Munow
,
which
empty
themselves
in
one
Chanel
into
the
Severn
.
Being
a
sort
of
Frontier
in
the
Wars
between
the
English
and
Welch
,
it
has
had
greater
numbers
of
Forts
and
Castles
,
than
most
other
Counties
.
Tho'
it
abounds
with
good
Corn
and
Pasture-grounds
,
yet
is
it
most
eminent
at
this
day
for
its
vast
quantities
of
Fruit
,
of
which
they
make
so
much
Cyder
,
as
does
not
only
supply
their
own
Families
,
but
furnish
London
and
other
parts
of
England
.
Their
Red-streak
(
so
call'd
from
the
Apple
)
is
highly
valu'd
in
all
parts
.
The
chief
Town
Hereford
,
so
call'd
as
if
one
should
say
The
ford
of
the
Army
,
is
encompass'd
with
Rivers
on
all
sides
,
but
to
the
East
.
't
is
Daughter
to
a
place
of
Antiquity
at
about
three
miles
distance
,
call'd
by
the
Romans
Ariconium
,
at
this
day
Kenchester
.
But
our
Hereford
seems
not
to
have
risen
before
the
Saxon
Heptarchy
was
at
its
height
;
nor
to
owe
its
Growth
to
any
other
cause
than
the
Martyrdom
or
Ethelbert
King
of
the
East-Angles
,
villanously
murther'd
by
Quindreda
Wife
to
King
Offa
,
while
he
courted
her
own
Daughter
.
Whereupon
,
he
was
taken
into
the
Catalogue
of
Martyrs
,
and
had
a
Church
built
to
his
memory
in
this
place
;
which
was
not
only
soon
after
erected
into
a
Bishop's
See
,
but
had
signal
Respects
shew'd
it
by
the
West-Saxon
and
Mercian
Kings
.
The
City
is
pretty
large
:
Before
the
Civil
Wars
,
it
had
six
Churches
;
but
now
it
has
only
four
.
Ancient
Places
.
Blestium
,
by
the
Distances
,
can
be
no
other
than
Old
Foari
(
upon
the
Munow
)
call'd
by
the
Britains
Castlehean
,
a
name
implying
Strength
and
Antiquity
.
Ariconium
must
be
Kenchester
,
near
Hereford
;
which
asserts
its
claim
to
Antiquity
by
the
old
Walls
,
Chequer-works
,
Bricks
,
Coins
,
&c.
observ'd
and
discover'd
about
it
.
Things
Remarkable
.
A
Well
,
below
Richard's-castle
,
is
full
of
small
Fish-bones
or
Frog-bones
;
and
notwithstanding
it
be
sometimes
empty'd
,
a
fresh
Supply
always
succeeds
:
Whereupon
,
't
is
call'd
Bone-Well
.
Marcley-hill
,
near
the
confluence
of
Lug
and
Wye
,
was
in
the
year
1575.
remov'd
by
an
Earthquake
to
a
higher
place
.
In
a
common
Meadow
call'd
the
Wergins
,
between
Sutton
and
Hereford
,
two
large
Stones
set
on
end
were
remov'd
to
about
twelvescore
Paces
distance
,
no
Body
knew
how
:
This
hapn'd
about
the
year
,
1652.
YORKSHIRE
.
THE
County
of
York
is
,
by
much
,
the
largest
in
all
England
,
being
divided
into
three
Branches
;
each
of
which
is
as
large
,
or
indeed
larger
than
any
ordinary
County
.
The
Divisions
are
term'd
Ridings
;
a
name
corrupted
from
the
old
Saxon
Thrihing
,
which
consisted
of
several
Hundreds
or
Wapentakes
.
They
are
,
according
to
the
several
Quarters
,
call'd
West-Riding
,
East-Riding
and
North-Riding
,
to
which
we
may
add
Richmondshire
.
We
will
consider
each
of
these
under
their
several
Heads
;
but
the
West-Riding
being
the
most
flourishing
part
and
abounding
most
with
beautiful
Towns
,
requires
the
first
place
.
WEST-RIDING
.
West-Riding
is
for
some
time
bounded
by
the
River
Ouse
,
by
Lancashire
,
and
the
Southern-limits
of
the
County
in
general
.
The
more
considerable
Towns
,
are
-
York
,
-
Leeds
,
-
Rippon
,
-
Halifax
,
-
Wakefield
,
-
Pontfract
.
YORK
,
the
Metropolis
of
this
County
,
and
an
Archiepiscopal
See
,
stands
upon
the
River
Ure
or
Ouse
,
which
runs
quite
through
it
from
North
to
South
.
At
what
time
precisely
it
was
built
,
we
have
no
evidence
:
Thus
much
is
certain
,
That
it
was
the
Residence
of
the
Sixth
Legion
call'd
Victrix
,
that
Severus
had
his
Court
here
,
that
Constantius
the
Emperor
dy'd
in
this
place
,
and
was
immediately
succeeded
by
his
Son
Constantine
the
Great
,
who
receiv'd
the
last
Breath
of
his
dying
Father
.
We
need
no
further
Evidence
of
its
Glory
under
the
Romans
.
Upon
the
settlement
of
the
Saxons
,
it
was
erected
into
a
Metropolitan
See
by
Pope
Honorius
;
and
has
continu'd
so
ever
since
.
It
suffer'd
very
much
in
the
Danish
Ravages
;
but
recover'd
it self
,
when
the
Norman
Government
was
establish'd
,
and
the
Disturbances
of
that
Revolution
were
blown
over
.
The
City
is
large
,
pleasant
and
adorn'd
with
beautiful
Buildings
both
publick
and
private
.
The
Bridge
over
the
Foss
or
Ditch
is
so
throng'd
with
Buildings
,
that
you
would
take
it
for
one
continu'd
Street
.
The
publick
Structures
of
greatest
note
,
are
,
1.
The
Minster
,
or
Cathedral
Church
,
built
in
the
Reign
of
Edward
I.
't
is
a
most
stately
Pile
,
and
particularly
remarkable
for
the
fine
Carvings
in
the
Quire
.
2.
The
Chapter-house
,
for
its
small
Pillars
and
the
contrivance
of
the
whole
Fabrick
,
is
one
of
the
neatest
Buildings
in
England
.
Leeds
,
upon
the
River
Are
,
is
of
good
Antiquity
;
and
the
very
name
implies
that
it
has
been
all
along
a
populous
,
thriving
Town
;
for
't
is
deriv'd
from
the
Saxon
Leed
,
gens
,
populus
.
It
has
grown
strangely
by
the
advantage
of
the
Cloath-trade
especially
;
and
was
by
King
Charles
II
.
honour'd
with
a
Mayor
,
12
Aldermen
and
24
Assistants
.
Rippon
,
situated
between
the
Ure
and
the
Skell
,
was
of
good
note
even
in
the
Infancy
of
the
English
Church
,
upon
account
of
the
Monastry
built
there
by
Wilfrid
Archbishop
of
York
.
The
Town
has
grown
mightily
by
the
Woollen
Manufacture
,
which
they
have
now
pretty
much
laid
aside
.
The
Church
is
a
neat
and
stately
Fabrick
,
with
three
Spire-Steeples
;
and
was
built
by
Contributions
.
Halifax
,
upon
the
River
Calder
,
is
suppos'd
to
be
nam'd
from
a
certain
holy
Virgin
,
who
had
her
Head
cut
off
by
a
lustful
Villain
,
with
whose
impure
Desires
she
would
not
,
by
any
means
,
comply
.
Her
Head
was
hung
up
on
a
Tree
;
and
was
reputed
so
sacred
,
as
to
be
frequently
visited
in
Pilgrimage
.
Whereupon
,
the
little
Village
of
Horton
came
by
degrees
to
be
a
large
and
noted
Town
,
and
took
its
name
from
that
which
had
rais'd
its
Reputation
,
viz.
the
sacred
Hair
of
the
Virgin's
head
:
For
so
much
Halifax
implies
.
Notwithstanding
the
Soil
hereabouts
is
very
barren
,
the
Inhabitants
by
their
Industry
in
the
Cloath-trade
are
grown
exceeding
rich
.
The
Parish
is
vastly
large
,
having
in
it
twelve
Chapels
under
the
Mother-Church
of
Halifax
,
two
whereof
are
Parochial
.
Wakefield
,
upon
the
River
Calder
,
is
a
large
Town
,
neatly
built
,
has
a
well-frequented
Market
,
and
has
grown
mainly
by
the
Cloathing-trade
.
Pontfract
,
so
call'd
from
a
broken
Bridge
,
is
a
Town
well-built
and
admirably
situated
.
It
had
a
most
noble
large
Castle
,
seated
upon
a
high
Hill
,
which
is
now
demolish'd
.
Ancient
Places
.
Danum
,
mention'd
by
Antoninus
and
the
Notitia
,
is
undoubtedly
Doncaster
,
call'd
by
Ninius
Caer-Daun
.
Cambodunum
belongs
to
the
little
Village
Almondbury
,
six
miles
from
Halifax
;
as
appears
both
by
the
Distances
on
each
hand
,
and
the
Ruins
of
an
old
Roman
Work
,
with
a
triple
Fortification
,
still
plainly
visible
.
Legcolium
cannot
be
more
conveniently
seated
than
at
Castleford
,
near
the
Confluence
of
Calder
and
Are
;
where
they
meet
with
great
numbers
of
Coins
,
which
they
call
Sarasins
Heads
.
Olicana
appears
to
be
Ilkeley
,
from
the
affinity
of
the
two
names
,
the
remains
of
Antiquity
found
about
it
,
and
its
situation
in
respect
of
York
.
Calcaria
,
tho'
commonly
settl'd
at
Tadcaster
,
and
that
upon
very
plausible
Reasons
,
ought
nevertheless
to
be
remov'd
to
its
Neighbour
New-ton-kime
,
where
the
ancient
High-road
runs
along
,
crossing
the
River
at
S.
Helensford
,
and
where
they
meet
with
great
store
of
Roman
Coins
,
and
other
marks
of
Antiquity
.
Isurium
is
sufficiently
asserted
to
Aldburrow
near
Burrow-bridge
,
both
by
its
nearness
to
the
River
Ure
,
the
great
number
of
Coins
they
dig
up
,
and
its
due
distance
from
the
City
of
York
,
answering
the
computation
of
Antoninus
.
Eboracum
is
by
all
agreed
to
be
the
City
of
York
the
eminence
whereof
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
,
we
have
already
taken
notice
of
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Halifax-law
is
eminent
:
By
it
,
they
behead
any
one
that
's
found
stealing
within
such
a
Liberty
,
without
staying
for
a
legal
and
ordinary
Process
.
S.
Wilfrid's
Needle
at
Rippon
was
mighty
famous
.
In
the
Church
,
they
had
a
little
close
passage
into
a
Vault
,
whereby
they
pretended
to
try
the
Chastity
of
Women
:
If
they
were
Chast
,
they
pass'd
with
ease
;
if
not
,
they
were
stop'd
and
holden
,
without
any
visible
Impediment
.
The
Devil's
bolts
,
near
Burrow-bridge
,
are
three
huge
Stones
,
set
on
end
in
the
form
of
Pyramids
:
Which
have
their
name
from
a
foolish
fancy
of
the
Vulgar
,
that
they
were
pitch'd
there
by
the
Devil
;
but
are
by
the
Learned
(
according
to
different
Conjectures
)
look'd
upon
to
be
either
Monuments
of
some
Victory
,
or
British
Deities
.
In
the
Levels
or
Marches
,
they
dig
up
great
quantities
of
Firr
and
some
Oak
.
EAST-RIDING
.
The
Bounds
of
the
East-Riding
are
thus
:
The
North
and
West-sides
are
limited
by
the
River
Derwent
;
the
South
,
by
the
mouth
of
Humber
;
and
the
North
,
by
the
German
Ocean
.
In
some
parts
't
is
pretty
fruitful
,
tho'
in
every
respect
it
falls
much
short
of
the
West-Riding
;
the
middle
of
it
being
nothing
but
Mountains
,
which
they
call
York-wolds
.
The
chief
Towns
are
,
-
Beverley
,
-
Hull
.
Beverley
began
to
be
a
Town
of
note
,
after
John
de
Beverley
Archbishop
of
York
,
a
Person
of
great
Piety
,
retir'd
hither
,
and
ended
his
days
in
it
.
For
King
Athelstan
having
a
singular
Veneration
for
him
,
for
his
sake
endow'd
the
Town
with
several
Immunities
;
and
others
of
our
Kings
have
been
exceeding
kind
to
it
upon
the
same
account
.
So
that
now
(
notwithstanding
its
nearness
to
Hull
,
which
one
would
think
should
very
much
prejudice
it
)
it
is
above
a
mile
in
length
;
and
is
adorn'd
with
two
beautiful
Churches
.
The
Minster
is
a
very
fair
Structure
.
The
chief
Trade
of
the
place
,
is
Malt
,
Oat-meal
and
Tann'd-leather
.
Hull
,
or
Kingston
upon
Hull
,
is
so
call'd
from
the
River
upon
which
it
stands
,
and
King
Edward
I.
its
Founder
.
By
the
convenience
of
their
Harbour
,
the
advantage
of
their
Iseland-Fish-trade
,
and
the
particular
Favours
of
their
great
Patron
Michael
de
la
Pole
,
the
Town
is
so
grown
both
in
Wealth
,
Buildings
,
Populousness
and
Commerce
,
that
it
infinitely
exceeds
all
its
Neighbours
.
They
have
2
Churches
,
an
Exchange
for
Merchants
,
and
a
Trinity-house
for
the
Relief
of
Seamen
and
their
Wives
;
besides
other
Buildings
,
which
are
very
ornamental
and
of
great
use
in
the
management
of
their
Trade
,
and
the
administration
of
their
Government
.
As
to
the
Strength
of
the
place
,
they
have
a
strong
Cittadel
begun
in
the
year
1681.
But
their
situation
is
the
best
Bulwark
against
the
Enemy
:
For
by
advantage
of
the
Leval
all
about
,
they
can
let
in
the
Flood
,
and
lay
all
under-water
for
5
miles
round
.
Ancient
Places
.
Derventio
must
be
seated
some-where
upon
the
River
Derwent
:
Auldby
is
the
likest
place
,
both
upon
account
of
its
name
,
which
implies
an
old
Dwelling
;
and
also
by
reason
of
the
Remains
of
Antiquity
still
visible
about
it
.
Abus
can
be
no
other
Aestuary
than
the
Humber
,
which
is
a
very
spacious
one
,
and
receives
a
great
many
considerable
Rivers
.
Delgovitia
is
probably
Wigton
,
upon
the
little
River
Foulness
;
Degwe
in
Brittish
signifying
a
Statue
or
Image
of
a
Heathen
God
,
and
it
appearing
that
not
far
from
hence
there
stood
an
Idol-temple
.
Ocellum
Promontorium
,
is
Spurnhead
;
where
Kellnsey
seems
to
be
a
Remain
of
the
old
Ocellum
.
Praetorium
discovers
it self
by
the
present
name
Patrington
,
and
by
its
distance
from
Delgovitia
.
Sinus
Salutaris
is
that
Bay
near
Bridlington
;
in
the
turn
whereof
is
Sureby
,
which
exactly
answers
the
name
,
as
't
is
translated
into
Latin
,
from
the
Greek
{αβγδ}
.
Things
Remarkable
.
The
Vipseys
or
Gipseys
(
for
so
they
are
call'd
at
present
)
about
Flamborough
,
are
a
sort
of
little
Springs
which
jet
out
of
the
Ground
,
and
spout
up
Water
to
a
great
heighth
.
They
never
come
,
but
after
great
Rains
,
and
lasting
wet
Weather
.
See
Camden's
Britannia
,
English
,
pag
.
748.
NORTH-RIDING
.
The
North-Riding
is
(
as
it
were
)
the
Frontier
of
the
other
two
;
extending
in
a
narrow
Tract
from
East
to
West
,
for
60
miles
together
,
and
bounded
on
one
side
with
the
River
Derwent
and
the
Ouse
,
on
the
other
by
the
Tees
.
The
chief
Town
is
Gisburgh
,
four
miles
from
the
mouth
of
the
Tees
,
formerly
famous
for
the
Abbey
there
;
which
,
by
the
Ruins
,
seems
to
have
been
equal
to
some
of
the
best
Cathedrals
in
England
.
Its
Eminence
appears
,
in
that
it
was
the
common
Burial-place
for
the
Nobility
in
these
parts
.
The
pleasant
Situation
,
the
goodness
of
the
Air
,
the
neatness
of
the
Inhabitants
,
and
other
Advantages
,
make
the
place
very
agreeable
and
delightful
.
Ancient
Places
.
Dunus
Sinus
discovers
it self
by
a
little
Village
seated
upon
it
and
call'd
Dunesley
,
hard
by
Whitby
.
Things
Remarkable
.
About
Whitby
,
they
find
the
Serpent-stones
;
which
the
credulous
,
common
People
imagine
to
be
Serpents
,
turn'd
into
Stones
by
the
Prayers
of
S.
Hilda
.
Upon
the
same
Shore
,
they
find
the
Black-Amber
or
Geate
,
which
grows
within
the
chink
or
cliff
of
a
Rock
.
The
Seales
(
or
Sea-veales
,
call'd
also
Sea-calves
)
sleep
upon
the
Rocks
near
Huntcliff
in
great
Droves
,
and
there
Sun
themselves
.
RICHMONDSHIRE
.
This
part
of
the
County
lying
to
the
North-west
,
is
almost
all
Rocks
and
Mo●ntains
,
which
yet
in
some
places
afford
good
Pasture
;
and
under-Ground
,
great
store
of
Lead
,
Coal
,
&c.
The
chief
Town
is
Richmond
,
upon
the
River
Swale
,
so
call'd
as
if
one
should
say
a
rich
Mount
;
which
name
it
had
given
it
by
Alan
the
first
Earl
,
immediately
after
the
Conquest
;
who
fortify'd
it
with
Walls
and
a
very
strong
Castle
.
It
has
three
Gates
;
and
taking
in
the
Suburbs
is
pretty
large
and
populous
;
but
within
the
Walls
it
is
but
narrow
.
Ancient
Places
.
Bracchium
is
to
be
sought
for
at
the
confluence
of
Baint
and
Ure
;
where
,
at
a
place
call'd
Burgh
,
are
the
Remains
of
an
old
Fortification
,
and
where
an
Inscription
was
discover'd
making
express
mention
of
this
name
.
Caturactoninm
(
so
call'd
from
a
Cataract
in
the
River
Swale
)
does
plainly
discover
it self
in
our
present
Cattarick
.
Lavatrae
,
by
the
course
of
the
ancient
High-way
and
the
Distances
in
Antoninus
,
must
be
about
Bowes
,
on
the
edge
of
Stanemere
;
which
has
had
its
Antiquity
attested
by
ancient
Inscriptions
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Upon
the
Confines
of
Lancashire
,
where
the
Mountains
are
rough
,
wild
and
steep
,
there
ate
little
Rivulets
hurry
along
so
deep
in
the
Ground
,
that
it
creates
an
Horror
in
one
,
to
look
down
to
them
:
Those
they
call
Hell-becks
,
upon
account
of
their
gastliness
and
depth
.
Sir
Christopher
Medcalf
,
a
Gentleman
of
these
parts
,
when
Sheriff
of
the
County
,
is
said
to
have
been
attended
with
300
Knights
,
all
of
his
own
Family
and
Name
,
and
all
in
the
same
Habit
,
when
he
receiv'd
the
Judges
,
and
conducted
them
to
York
.
DURHAM
.
DUrham
(
commonly
call'd
the
Bishoprick
of
Durham
,
from
the
absolute
Power
which
the
Bishops
hereof
us'd
to
exercise
in
this
County
)
is
nam'd
by
our
ancient
Writers
,
the
Patrimony
of
S.
Cuthbert
.
This
Saint
,
who
liv'd
here
in
the
Infancy
of
the
Saxon-Church
,
was
so
much
respected
by
our
Kings
and
Nobility
for
his
exemplary
Virtue
and
Piety
,
that
they
thought
they
could
never
sufficiently
express
their
respect
to
his
Memory
,
nor
heap
Lands
,
Privileges
and
Immunities
enough
upon
his
darling
Church
.
Insomuch
,
that
at
length
,
it
was
made
a
County-Palatine
;
and
accordingly
the
Bishops
have
their
Royalties
,
being
both
Spiritual
and
Temporal
Lords
.
The
more
considerable
Towns
are
,
-
Durham
,
-
Bernard-castle
,
-
Stockton
.
Durham
,
in
Saxon
Dun-holm
,
from
its
high
situation
,
ows
its
original
to
the
miseries
and
misfortunes
of
the
Monks
of
Lindisfarne
,
in
the
time
of
the
Danes
.
For
being
by
that
barbarous
People
disturb'd
in
their
own
Seats
,
they
were
forced
to
seek
Protection
for
themselves
,
and
a
shelter
for
the
Relicks
of
S.
Cuthbert
,
in
the
most
convenient
place
they
should
meet
with
.
Here
they
fix'd
;
and
when
that
dreadful
Storm
was
blown
over
,
and
Religion
reviv'd
,
they
flourish'd
in
great
Pomp
and
Reputation
.
In
William
the
Conqueror's
time
the
place
was
made
a
Seat
of
War
,
by
a
set
of
Men
in
those
parts
,
who
could
not
bear
the
violation
of
their
ancient
Rights
and
Liberties
.
The
Town
is
defended
by
the
River
,
on
all
sides
but
the
North
;
and
besides
,
is
wall'd
round
.
The
Cathedral
is
a
noble
Pile
of
Building
,
and
the
Church
is
exceeding
rich
.
Bernard-castle
,
upon
the
River
Tees
,
was
so
call'd
from
Bernard
Baliol
(
Grandfather
to
John
Baliol
King
of
Scots
,
)
its
Founder
.
't
is
a
good
Town
;
and
is
eminent
in
those
Northern
parts
,
for
the
best
Whitebread
.
Stockton
,
about
3
miles
below
Yarum
(
a
considerable
Market-town
)
about
30
years
ago
,
had
no
Houses
but
of
Clay
,
and
thatch'd
.
Now
,
't
is
well
built
,
is
a
Corporation
,
and
drives
a
very
great
Trade
in
Lead
and
Butter
.
Ancient
Places
.
Tuesis
,
or
{αβγδ}
in
Ptolemy
,
is
plainly
the
River
Tees
.
Vedra
,
mention'd
by
Ptolemy
,
does
likewise
belong
to
this
County
,
and
is
undoubtedly
the
River
Were
,
call'd
by
Bede
,
Wirus
.
Vinovium
in
Antoninus
,
in
Ptolemy
,
Binovium
,
seems
by
the
very
name
to
settle
it self
at
Binchester
,
near
the
River
Were
;
where
appear
large
Ruins
of
Walls
,
and
Coins
,
with
other
marks
of
Antiquity
,
are
dug
up
.
Condercum
seems
to
be
Chester
on
the
Street
,
near
the
River
Were
;
especially
,
if
the
Saxon
name
of
the
place
be
Concester
:
All
the
Objection
is
,
That
the
Notitia
settles
this
Station
ad
Lineam
Valli
,
so
that
Chester
on
the
Street
is
perhaps
too
far
remov'd
from
the
Wall
to
lay
claim
to
this
piece
of
Antiquity
.
An
Altar
found
at
Benwall
in
Northumberland
seems
to
give
it
to
that
place
,
against
which
there
is
not
the
same
Objection
.
Things
Remarkable
.
The
Pits
call'd
Hell-kettles
near
Darlington
,
are
much
admir'd
both
by
Travellers
and
the
Inhabitants
.
There
are
3
of
them
,
full
of
Water
to
the
brim
;
possibly
by
a
communication
with
the
Tees
only
,
the
Water
in
them
is
said
to
be
of
a
different
kind
from
that
in
the
River
.
They
look
much
like
old-wrought
Coal-pits
that
are
drown'd
.
LANCASHIRE
.
THE
County
of
Lancaster
,
call'd
by
the
northern
People
Loncaster
,
where
it
is
level
yeilds
good
store
of
Barley
and
Wheat
;
and
in
the
Valleys
,
Oats
.
The
Mosses
,
tho'
as
to
their
produce
they
are
of
no
real
value
,
are
yet
of
considerable
advantage
both
by
the
Fuel
above-Ground
,
and
the
old
Trees
under-Ground
.
Its
greatest
Glory
is
,
that
't
is
a
County-Palatine
,
as
well
as
its
neighbour
Cheshire
.
The
more
considerable
Towns
are
,
-
Lancaster
,
-
Manchester
,
-
Wiggin
.
-
Leverpoole
.
Lancaster
,
(
so
call'd
from
the
River
Lone
upon
which
it
stands
)
gives
name
to
the
whole
County
,
and
was
,
accordingly
,
the
most
flourishing
Town
in
it
.
But
now
't
is
much
out-grown
by
Manchester
,
having
no
advantage
of
Trade
,
or
any
other
Employment
besides
that
of
Agriculture
;
to
which
indeed
the
nature
and
situation
of
the
place
may
seem
in
some
measure
to
have
determin'd
the
Inhabitants
.
For
the
Grounds
about
it
are
very
fit
for
Cultivation
,
and
't
is
seated
in
an
open
free
Tract
.
Manchester
,
at
the
Confluence
of
the
Irk
and
Irwell
,
is
the
most
populous
and
thriving
Town
in
this
County
.
The
Inhabitants
may
be
estimated
from
the
number
of
Communicants
;
who
in
the
Town
and
Parish
round
it
made
no
less
than
20000
,
sixty
years
ago
;
since
which
time
the
Inhabitants
have
encreas'd
proportionably
to
their
incredible
growth
in
Trade
.
They
are
most
famous
for
the
Fustian-Manufacture
,
commonly
known
by
the
name
of
Manchester-Cottons
;
tho'
they
deal
also
in
many
other
Manufactures
,
all
which
are
call'd
by
one
general
name
,
Manchester-Wares
.
They
have
more
publick
Buildings
than
are
commonly
to
be
met
with
in
our
Country-towns
.
1.
The
Collegiate
Church
is
a
very
stately
Edifice
,
the
Quire
whereof
is
particularly
remarkable
for
its
curious
carv'd
Work
.
2.
The
College
(
consisting
of
a
Warden
,
4
Fellows
,
2
Chaplains
,
4
Singing-men
and
4
Choristers
)
is
a
noble
Foundation
.
3.
The
Hospital
for
the
maintenance
of
60
poor
Boys
,
is
much
of
the
same
Government
and
Constitution
with
that
of
Christ-Church
in
London
.
4.
The
Library
is
furnish'd
already
with
Books
,
to
almost
the
number
of
4000
,
and
will
daily
encrease
by
an
annual
Salary
of
116
l.
per
Ann.
settl'd
upon
it
for
that
purpose
,
and
for
the
maintenance
of
a
Librarian
.
5.
The
School
has
three
Masters
,
who
have
very
genteel
Salaries
.
Wiggin
,
near
the
rise
of
the
River
Dugless
,
is
a
handsom
,
plentiful
Town
,
having
the
honour
of
a
Mayor
and
Burgesses
.
Leverpoole
(
near
the
entrance
of
the
River
Mersey
into
the
Sea
)
tho'
it
can
boast
of
no
great
Antiquity
,
is
yet
a
place
both
of
Name
and
Wealth
.
The
first
it
derives
from
the
convenience
of
a
passage
from
hence
over
into
Ireland
,
which
of
late
years
has
been
much
us'd
by
reason
of
the
Commotions
in
that
Kingdom
.
The
second
is
owing
to
its
Trade
with
the
West-Indies
,
and
the
Manufactures
round
it
:
By
the
advantage
whereof
the
Buildings
and
Inhabitants
are
more
than
doubly
increas'd
,
and
the
Customs
augmented
eight
or
ten-fold
,
within
these
28
years
last
past
.
Of
late
,
they
have
built
a
Town-house
,
plac'd
upon
Pillars
;
and
under
it
,
the
Exchange
.
Ancient
Places
.
Mancunium
,
is
Manchester
,
which
may
seem
to
have
taken
part
of
its
name
from
the
Roman
one
.
Bellisama
must
be
an
Aestuary
hereabouts
:
The
latter
Syllable
of
the
name
of
Ribell
would
induce
us
to
pitch
upon
the
mouth
of
that
River
before
any
other
.
Ribodunum
(
if
we
may
change
Ptolemy's
Rigodunum
,
into
that
)
need
not
be
sought
in
any
other
place
but
Rible-chester
,
which
produces
a
variety
of
Roman
Remains
;
and
however
inconsiderable
at
present
,
gave
rise
to
Preston
,
a
handsom
,
large
and
populous
Town
.
Bremetonacum
cannot
probably
be
more
conveniently
seated
than
at
Overburrow
(
at
the
confluence
of
Lac
and
Lone
)
which
,
tho'
it
has
no
remains
of
the
old
name
,
does
yet
carry
Antiquity
in
the
latter
part
of
its
present
one
,
and
has
the
Tradition
of
the
Inhabitants
on
its
side
(
who
tell
you
of
a
spacious
City
that
was
formerly
there
)
and
the
Evidence
of
Roman
Coins
,
Inscriptions
,
&c.
Longovicum
is
plainly
Lancaster
,
call'd
by
the
Inhabitants
and
the
northern
part
,
Loncaster
;
besides
which
Analogy
of
Names
,
they
meet
now
and
then
with
Coins
of
the
Roman
Emperors
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Lancashire-Oxen
are
famous
throughout
England
,
for
huge
,
bulky
Bodies
and
large
Horns
.
Winwick
,
near
the
River
Mersey
,
is
reckon'd
one
of
the
best
Parsonages
in
the
Kingdom
.
At
Hey
in
this
County
,
we
see
such
a
Plantation
of
Fir-trees
(
by
the
industry
and
contrivance
of
its
present
Owner
Thomas
Brotherton
,
Esq
)
as
perhaps
can
hardly
be
met
with
elsewhere
.
Lathom-spaw
in
this
County
,
tho'
not
much
frequented
(
by
reason
of
the
want
of
suitable
Accommodation
)
has
done
very
considerable
Cures
.
Burning-well
,
near
Wiggin
,
if
a
Candle
be
put
to
it
,
will
presently
take
Fire
and
burn
like
Brandy
;
and
in
a
calm
quiet
Season
will
continue
for
a
whole
day
together
,
even
to
that
degree
,
that
by
the
heat
of
it
they
can
boil
Eggs
,
Meat
,
&c.
WESTMORLAND
.
THE
County
of
Westmorland
is
so
call'd
from
its
westerly
situation
;
lying
West
of
that
great
ridge
of
Mountains
which
divides
these
northern
Counties
.
The
out-skirts
of
it
on
most
sides
are
hilly
and
mountainous
,
which
feed
great
Flocks
of
Sheep
,
and
have
a
mixture
of
fruitful
Vales
;
but
the
heart
of
it
is
an
open
,
champain
Country
,
which
affords
pretty
good
store
of
Corn
and
Wood
.
The
more
considerable
Towns
are
,
-
Apleby
,
-
Kendal
.
Apleby
claims
the
first
place
,
both
upon
account
of
its
Antiquity
;
and
also
because
't
is
the
County-town
,
where
the
yearly
Assizes
are
held
.
Otherwise
,
't
is
neither
rich
nor
beautiful
;
only
the
situation
indeed
makes
it
very
agreeable
,
having
the
advantage
of
pleasant
Fields
round
it
,
and
being
wash'd
by
the
River
Eden
.
Kendal
,
call'd
also
Kirby
Kendal
,
has
its
name
from
the
River
Can
,
and
implies
as
much
as
a
Dale
or
Valley
upon
that
River
.
This
is
much
beyond
Apleby
,
whether
we
respect
the
Trade
,
Buildings
,
Number
or
Wealth
of
the
Inhabitants
.
It
has
two
good
Streets
,
which
cross
each
other
,
and
is
enrich'd
by
the
Industry
of
the
Towns-men
and
the
Woollen
Manufacture
,
for
which
they
are
very
eminent
,
and
drive
a
Trade
with
it
throughout
England
.
Ancient
Places
.
Amboglana
,
if
we
follow
the
Analogy
of
Names
,
cannot
be
plac'd
more
conveniently
than
at
Ambleside
,
upon
Windermere-water
;
which
may
be
done
with
so
much
the
less
scruple
,
because
it
shews
the
Ruins
of
an
old
City
,
and
other
marks
of
Antiquity
.
Ituna
is
undoubtedly
the
noble
River
of
Eden
,
which
marches
through
this
County
,
towards
the
Sea
.
Verterae
must
be
Brough
under
Stanemore
,
for
several
Reasons
:
The
Name
imports
Antiquity
;
then
,
it
stands
upon
a
Roman
High-way
;
and
lastly
,
the
Distances
from
Levatrae
and
Brovonacum
agree
very
exactly
.
Aballaba
is
so
visible
in
our
present
Apelby
,
and
so
well
answers
that
situation
,
that
there
is
no
room
for
dispute
.
Gallatum
is
probably
Whelp-castle
,
near
Kirby-Thore
,
where
are
the
Ruins
of
an
old
Town
,
and
very
considerable
Remains
of
Antiquity
.
Setantiorum
Lacus
may
well
enough
be
Windermere
,
upon
the
edge
of
Lancashire
;
one
of
the
largest
Lakes
in
the
Kingdom
.
Things
Remarkable
.
King
Arthur's
round
Table
,
in
the
North
of
this
County
,
is
much
talk'd
of
by
the
Inhabitants
and
others
:
But
we
need
go
no
farther
for
its
original
than
the
Ages
wherein
Tilting
was
in
vogue
;
this
being
a
round
Entrenchment
with
a
plain
piece
of
Ground
in
the
middle
,
and
very
convenient
for
that
purpose
.
Gold-sike
,
in
the
Parish
of
Orton
,
is
a
little
Spring
which
continually
casts
up
small
thin
pieces
,
of
a
substance
shining
and
resembling
Gold
.
In
Windermere-water
there
is
great
store
of
the
Fish
call'd
Charre
,
which
is
not
to
be
met
withal
in
the
South
,
and
only
in
very
few
places
of
the
North
.
They
are
bak'd
in
Pots
,
and
so
sent
up
to
London
,
and
other
parts
,
where
they
are
an
acceptable
Present
.
CUMBERLAND
.
THE
County
of
Cumberland
is
the
farthest
of
our
English
Counties
to
the
North-west
,
and
borders
upon
Scotland
.
Whether
it
fetch
the
name
from
the
old
Britains
,
call'd
Cambri
&
Cumbri
;
or
,
(
as
a
modern
Author
imagins
)
from
our
Cumber
,
the
Shire
being
encumber'd
with
Lakes
and
Mountains
,
and
made
very
difficult
to
Travellers
,
I
shall
not
determine
.
The
former
Conjecture
has
this
advantage
,
that
some
of
the
Britains
posted
themselves
for
a
long
time
in
these
parts
,
when
the
Saxon
Conqueror
drove
them
to
the
out-skirts
of
the
Island
,
and
made
them
seek
for
shelter
among
Hills
and
Mountains
.
The
remains
of
British
names
hereabouts
concur
to
the
establishment
of
the
same
Opinion
.
More
considerable
Towns
are
,
-
Carlisle
,
-
Penrith
.
Carlisle
is
very
happy
in
its
situation
,
standing
between
the
Rivers
of
Eden
,
Peteril
and
the
Caude
;
which
,
as
they
make
it
very
agreeable
,
and
furnish
it
with
great
plenty
of
Fish
,
so
do
they
add
considerably
to
its
Strength
;
a
circumstance
that
in
these
bordering
Countries
is
very
valuable
.
For
before
the
union
of
the
two
Crowns
,
the
Scots
were
continually
making
Incursions
upon
the
Frontiers
;
which
put
the
Government
under
a
necessity
of
building
Castles
,
Towers
and
fortify'd
places
,
for
the
defence
of
it self
and
of
the
Subject
.
The
City
is
wall'd
round
,
has
a
Castle
,
and
a
Citadel
built
by
King
Henry
VIII
.
Its
situation
upon
the
Wall
,
with
the
marks
of
Antiquity
dug
up
about
it
,
put
it
beyond
dispute
,
that
it
was
a
place
of
some
note
among
the
Romans
.
The
Danes
utterly
destroy'd
it
,
and
it
lay
in
desolation
for
about
two
hundred
years
;
till
William
Rufus
took
it
into
his
protection
,
built
here
a
Castle
,
and
planted
it
with
a
new
Colony
of
Husbandmen
,
to
till
the
Ground
round
it
.
It
has
had
of
late
,
Earls
of
considerable
note
;
but
ows
its
greatest
honour
to
the
Bishop's
See
,
establish'd
in
it
by
King
Henry
I.
The
Cathedral
stands
almost
in
the
middle
of
the
City
;
but
the
Bishop's
Seat
is
some
few
miles
distant
from
the
City
,
at
Rose-castle
.
Penrith
is
a
Market-town
upon
the
South-border
of
the
County
,
of
good
note
in
these
parts
.
The
Town
is
well
enough
built
,
and
the
Inhabitants
are
pretty
wealthy
;
having
the
advantage
of
standing
almost
in
the
middle
between
2
Counties
.
In
the
Town
,
they
have
a
handsom
Church
;
and
at
a
little
distance
,
an
old
Castle
.
Ancient
Places
.
Morbium
seems
to
have
left
its
name
in
the
present
Moresby
,
upon
the
Western
Coast
;
where
they
find
great
remains
of
Roman
Antiquity
.
Arbeia
also
may
seem
to
point
out
its
old
situation
by
the
name
of
a
Town
at
the
head
of
the
River
Elen
,
now
call'd
Jerby
.
Volantium
,
if
it
is
not
allow'd
a
place
at
Elenburrow
,
at
the
mouth
of
the
River
Elne
;
must
remain
unsettl'd
,
till
some
more
lucky
discovery
fix
it
in
its
true
place
.
't
is
certain
,
here
are
all
the
signs
of
Antiquity
that
can
be
wish'd
;
great
store
of
Altars
,
Statues
,
Inscriptions
,
&c.
and
(
which
is
of
most
moment
)
one
of
the
second
sort
,
with
this
Writing
on
the
back-side
,
Volantii
vivas
.
Moricambi
,
signifying
in
British
a
crooked
Sea
,
cannot
be
settl'd
at
any
winding
,
more
agreeable
to
the
name
,
than
that
near
Holme
Cultram
,
upon
this
Coast
.
Castra
Exploratorum
,
if
we
respect
the
Distances
on
each
hand
,
will
fall
in
well
enough
with
the
present
Old
Carlisle
,
at
the
head
of
the
little
River
Wize
;
a
place
(
by
reason
of
its
high
situation
)
fit
for
the
discovery
of
an
Enemy
;
and
where
they
find
such
plenty
of
Roman
Remains
,
as
put
it
beyond
all
dispute
that
it
was
of
considerable
importance
under
that
People
.
Blatum-Bulgium
discovers
its
ancient
situation
by
the
present
name
Bul-ness
;
where
are
Tracks
of
Streets
and
old
pieces
of
Wall
.
Petrianae
seems
to
be
Old
Perith
(
near
the
,
Town
of
that
name
)
where
a
broken
Altar
was
dug
up
,
implying
that
the
Ala
Petrianae
quarter'd
there
.
Congavata
is
possibly
the
place
we
now
call
Rosecastle
,
the
Seat
of
the
Bishop
of
Carlisle
.
Luguvallum
is
agreed
upon
by
all
to
be
the
present
Carlisle
,
and
seems
to
owe
the
latter
part
of
the
name
to
its
situation
upon
the
Picts-wall
.
Aesica
must
be
sought
for
somewhere
upon
the
River
Esk.
Netherby
bids
fairest
for
it
,
proving
its
claim
by
the
vast
Ruins
of
an
old
City
;
how
inconsiderable
soever
it
may
be
at
present
.
Bremenium
should
seem
to
be
Brampton
in
Gillesland
.
Things
Remarkable
.
Pearls
are
found
in
great
abundance
in
the
little
River
Irt
,
being
call
d
Muscle-Pearls
.
Some
Gentlemen
have
lately
procur'd
a
Patent
for
the
Pearl-fishing
in
this
River
.
The
Font
at
Bridekirk
,
with
a
fair
Runick
Inscription
,
is
a
Curiosity
that
has
been
long
since
taken
notice
of
by
Antiquaries
,
but
must
be
clear'd
and
illustrated
by
that
learned
Gentleman
Mr.
Nicolson
,
in
his
Antiquities
of
the
Kingdom
of
Northumberland
.
The
Circle
of
Stones
call'd
Long-Megg
and
her
Daughters
(
at
Little
Salkeld
)
have
had
several
Conjectures
spent
upon
them
;
but
will
be
fully
illustrated
by
the
same
worthy
Gentleman
.
The
Picts-wall
,
so
much
talk'd
of
in
our
Histories
and
among
the
common
People
,
begins
at
Bulness
upon
the
Irish-Sea
,
so
runs
by
Carlisle
;
and
afterwards
passing
the
Rivers
of
Cambec
,
Irthing
and
Poltross
,
enters
Northumberland
.
It
was
built
in
the
latter
end
of
the
Romans
,
to
prevent
the
Incursions
of
the
Scots
and
Picts
;
who
(
upon
calling
over
the
Roman-forces
to
assist
in
foreign
Wars
)
took
all
opportunities
of
making
Excursions
into
the
Territories
of
the
poor
Britains
.
At
convenient
Distances
they
had
Towers
and
Garisons
,
that
the
Enemy
should
not
surprize
them
,
and
that
they
might
be
in
a
condition
to
get
together
upon
the
first
Motion
and
Alarm
.
NORTHUMBERLAND
.
NOrthumberland
was
formerly
us'd
in
a
much
greater
latitude
and
extent
,
than
at
present
it
is
;
for
it
denoted
all
those
Counties
,
which
(
according
to
the
import
and
meaning
of
the
Word
)
laid
beyond
,
or
on
the
North-side
of
the
River
Humber
.
Before
the
Union
of
the
two
Kingdoms
,
this
County
was
almost
continually
a
Seat
of
War
,
and
the
Inhabitants
were
daily
exercised
with
the
Skirmishes
of
the
neighbouring
Scots
.
This
,
as
it
made
them
a
warlike
,
stout
sort
of
People
,
so
did
it
fill
the
Shire
with
little
Forts
and
Castles
,
which
private
Men
built
for
their
own
defence
.
In
those
times
,
they
were
rude
and
unpolish'd
,
coming
pretty
near
the
manners
and
behaviour
of
the
bordering
Scots
;
but
since
,
they
have
taken
to
the
English
modes
of
Living
,
and
are
as
decent
and
regular
as
any
of
their
Neighbours
.
The
more
considerable
Towns
are
,
-
New-castle
,
-
Berwick
,
-
Hexam
.
New-castle
is
seated
conveniently
upon
the
River
Tine
,
which
makes
a
secure
Harbour
,
and
carries
up
Vessels
of
Burthen
.
't
is
of
good
Antiquity
,
tho'
the
name
imports
it
to
be
only
of
a
modern
date
;
but
that
it
got
,
when
Robert
,
Son
to
William
the
Conqueror
,
built
a
New-castle
at
it
.
It
is
surrounded
with
good
strong
Walls
,
which
were
begun
by
a
wealthy
Citizen
,
in
the
Reign
of
Edward
I.
The
growth
of
it
is
owing
to
the
Trade
it
drives
upon
the
Coasts
of
Germany
,
and
the
plenty
of
Sea-coal
with
which
it
furnishes
London
,
and
a
good
part
of
England
;
especially
,
so
much
as
lies
upon
that
Coast
.
By
Henry
VI
.
it
was
made
a
County
Incorporate
;
and
since
that
time
,
has
improv'd
so
considerably
in
Wealth
and
Trade
,
that
't
is
now
the
great
Emporium
of
the
North-part
of
England
,
and
of
a
good
share
of
Scotland
.
S.
Nicholas
is
the
Mother-Church
;
besides
which
,
there
are
six
other
Churches
or
Chapels
.
Berwick
,
seated
at
the
mouth
of
the
River
Tweede
,
is
the
farthest
Town
in
this
Kingdom
;
and
standing
between
England
and
Scotland
,
has
ever
born
the
first
Assaults
,
upon
the
breaking
out
of
War
between
the
two
Nations
.
By
which
means
it
was
a
sort
of
continual
Garison
,
one
while
in
the
Hands
of
the
English
,
and
then
again
in
the
possession
of
the
Scots
;
till
it
was
reduc'd
to
the
obedience
of
Edward
IV
.
and
partly
by
the
Union
,
partly
by
its
great
Strength
,
has
ever
since
continu'd
in
subjection
to
our
Kings
.
About
a
hundred
years
ago
,
it
was
reputed
the
strongest
place
in
the
whole
Kingdom
;
but
as
the
apprehensions
of
danger
from
that
Quarter
have
for
many
years
ceas'd
,
and
so
put
a
stop
to
the
Improvements
which
would
otherwise
have
been
made
upon
it
;
so
Enemies
from
other
parts
have
oblig'd
us
to
spend
more
Pains
and
Industry
upon
Hull
,
Portsmouth
,
Plimouth
,
&c.
which
at
present
much
out-do
it
in
Strength
and
Fortifications
.
Hexam
was
a
place
of
mighty
note
among
the
Saxons
;
and
is
much
talk'd
of
in
our
Histories
.
For
here
,
Egfrid
settl'd
a
Bishop's
See
;
which
might
have
continu'd
longer
(
to
the
honour
and
interest
of
the
place
)
if
the
Danes
had
not
given
them
such
violent
Disturbances
,
as
put
the
Monks
under
a
necessity
of
removing
,
and
seeing
out
for
new
Quarters
.
The
Church
,
which
stands
still
entire
(
except
the
West-end
)
is
a
very
stately
Fabrick
.
Ancient
Places
.
Magna
,
mention'd
by
the
Notitia
,
is
probably
Chester
in
the
Wall
;
not
only
because
it
stands
upon
the
Picts-wall
and
takes
its
name
from
thence
,
but
also
because
it
has
shewn
us
some
Altars
and
Inscriptions
,
as
Evidences
of
its
Antiquity
.
Hunnum
,
tho'
it
has
left
no
Remains
of
its
name
in
any
place
in
these
parts
,
yet
the
Wing
which
resided
at
it
,
call'd
by
the
Notitia
,
Sabiniania
,
may
seem
to
have
given
some
ground
to
the
present
Seavenshale
,
upon
the
Wall
.
Gallana
discovers
it self
in
the
present
Walwick
,
which
probably
had
this
denomination
from
the
old
name
.
Habitancum
should
seem
to
be
Risingham
upon
the
River
Rhead
,
where
are
many
Remains
of
Antiquity
,
and
an
Inscription
was
dug
up
which
made
express
mention
of
the
old
name
.
Cilurnum
may
very
conveniently
be
plac'd
at
Silcester
near
the
Wall
;
which
may
seem
to
owe
the
first
Syllable
of
its
name
to
it
.
Axelodunum
is
so
manifest
in
our
present
Hexam
,
that
the
latter
seems
only
to
be
a
contraction
of
the
former
;
especially
,
if
we
consider
the
various
meltings
and
mouldings
of
this
name
under
the
Saxons
.
Add
to
this
,
that
the
termination
Dunum
does
very
well
suit
with
the
high
situation
of
this
place
.
Protolitia
seems
to
be
our
Prudhow-castle
,
upon
the
River
Tine
.
Pons
Aelii
can
be
no
other
,
than
that
which
at
this
day
we
call
Pont-Eland
,
upon
the
River
Pont
.
Borcovicus
does
still
preserve
the
Remains
of
its
name
in
Borwick
,
which
seems
to
be
a
Compound
of
a
Roman
Initial
and
a
Saxon
Termination
.
Vindolana
,
where
the
fourth
Cohort
of
the
Galli
kept
Garison
,
may
very
well
be
settl'd
at
Old-Winchester
.
Gabrosentum
is
Gateshead
,
a
sort
of
Suburbs
to
New-castle
,
where
the
Wall
pass'd
.
Vindobala
,
as
the
Notitia
;
or
,
as
Antoninus
terms
it
,
Vindomora
,
seems
to
imply
as
much
as
the
Wall's
end
;
and
then
we
need
not
be
at
a
loss
for
its
situation
,
since
we
meet
with
a
Village
in
these
parts
of
the
very
same
name
.
Glanoventa
(
signifying
as
much
as
the
bank
of
the
River
Went
)
must
be
plac'd
somewhere
upon
the
River
call'd
at
this
day
Wentsbeck
;
tho'
the
Distances
seem
to
hit
well
enough
with
Caer-vorran
,
near
which
,
there
is
a
place
still
call'd
Glen-welt
.
Alaunus
,
mention'd
by
Ptolemy
,
discovers
it self
plainly
in
the
present
name
Alne
.
Tunnocellum
is
plainly
Tinmouth
,
call'd
formerly
Tunnacester
,
from
the
old
Roman
name
.
Segedunum
needs
no
clearer
Guide
to
its
situation
,
than
the
affinity
it
has
with
our
present
Seghill
,
upon
the
Sea-coast
near
Tinmouth
.
Alone
may
fairly
enough
be
settl'd
at
Old-town
;
not
only
because
that
place
carries
Antiquity
in
the
name
,
but
also
from
its
situation
upon
the
River
Alon
,
and
the
proper
Distances
from
the
Stations
on
each
Hand
.
Corstopitum
,
is
evidently
Corbridge
;
and
probably
the
same
with
Ptolemy's
Curia
Ottadinorum
.
Things
Remarkable
.
At
Chillingham-castle
,
't
is
said
a
live
Toad
was
found
in
the
middle
of
a
Stone
at
the
sawing
of
it
.
One
part
of
the
Stone
is
now
a
Chimney-piece
in
the
Castle
,
with
a
hollow
in
the
middle
;
and
the
other
also
has
the
like
mark
,
and
is
put
to
the
same
use
at
Horton-castle
.
The
Improvement
in
Tillage
at
Rock
by
John
Salkeld
,
Esq
and
in
Gardening
and
Fruitery
at
Falladon
,
by
Samuel
Salkeld
,
Gentleman
;
are
Fineries
hardly
to
be
met
with
in
these
parts
:
The
latter
is
the
more
remarkable
,
because
of
an
Opinion
which
has
prevail'd
in
the
World
,
That
the
coldness
of
the
Climate
in
these
Northern
parts
,
will
not
allow
any
Fruit
to
come
to
its
proper
perfection
and
ripeness
.
Not
far
from
New-castle
,
there
are
some
Coal-pits
on
fire
,
which
have
burnt
for
several
years
:
The
Flames
are
visible
enough
by
night
,
and
the
burning
may
be
trac'd
on
the
day-time
by
Brimstone
,
which
lies
on
the
Surface
of
the
Ground
.
FRANCE
.
CHAP
I.
FRANCE
,
Gallia
,
in
General
,
map of France
FRANCE
THE
Country
of
France
is
very
advantagiously
situated
,
in
the
midst
of
the
Northern
temperate
Zone
,
and
extended
from
the
42d
degree
of
Latitude
to
the
51st
degree
;
and
from
the
11th
degree
of
Longitude
,
to
the
26th
degree
,
reckoning
from
Teneriffe
with
the
old
Maps
,
but
according
to
Sanson
,
from
the
15th
degree
to
the
29th
degree
of
Longitude
:
So
that
it
includes
the
space
of
214
French
Leagu●s
or
535
English
Miles
,
from
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
in
the
South
,
to
Calis
in
the
North
.
And
from
the
Point
of
Conquet
in
Bretaign
in
the
West
,
to
Alsatia
in
the
East
,
about
202
Leagues
or
505
Miles
.
On
the
North
east
it
is
contiguous
with
the
Spanish
Netherlands
,
and
parted
from
England
by
the
British
Chanel
:
On
the
East
it
is
bounded
by
Germany
,
Switzerland
,
Savoy
and
Piedmont
,
from
the
last
of
which
it
is
separated
by
the
Alps
;
on
the
South
by
the
Mediterranean-Sea
and
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
which
divide
it
from
Spain
;
and
on
the
West
by
the
Ocean
.
The
AIR
is
very
temperate
,
and
not
subject
to
the
great
Colds
of
Germany
,
Sweden
and
Moscovy
,
nor
to
the
excessive
Heats
of
Spain
and
Italy
;
but
it
is
more
or
less
hot
or
cold
,
according
to
the
different
situation
of
the
several
Provinces
.
The
SOIL
is
every
where
fertil
,
and
produces
,
besides
abundance
of
Corn
and
divers
sorts
of
Fruits
,
a
vast
quantity
of
Wine
and
abundance
of
Flax
;
and
in
Provence
and
Languedoc
,
Oil
.
The
Pastures
and
Meadows
feed
great
Herds
of
Cattle
,
and
the
Forests
,
which
are
spacious
enough
,
but
not
so
large
as
those
of
Germany
,
contain
much
variety
of
Game
.
Some
Mines
of
Iron
,
Lead
,
Tin
,
Coperas
,
&c.
are
found
in
France
,
but
of
these
not
many
nor
very
considerable
.
Great
quantity
of
Salt
is
made
in
the
Isle
of
Rhce
,
about
Rochfort
,
and
other
parts
of
France
,
which
yields
the
King
a
great
Revenue
.
The
most
noted
MOUNTAINS
here
,
besides
the
Pyrenean
and
the
Alps
,
are
those
of
Cevennes
,
Auvergne
,
Mont-Jure
or
S.
Claude
towards
Swisserland
,
and
Mont-Vogesse
,
or
des-Faucilles
in
the
Diocess
of
Langres
.
The
Chief
ISLANDS
are
,
I.
In
the
Mediterranean-Sea
,
those
of
Hieres
,
S.
Margaret
,
S.
Honoratus
or
of
Lerins
,
&c.
II
.
In
the
Ocean
,
Oleron
and
Ree
on
the
Coasts
of
Saintonge
and
Aunis
;
Noir-Monstrier
,
de
Dieu
,
Bell-Isle
,
Ouessant
,
&c.
off
of
Bretaigne
;
and
Aldernay
near
the
Shoar
of
Normandy
.
Its
chiefest
PORTS
,
in
the
Ocean
,
are
Calis
,
Ambleteuse
,
S.
Valery
,
Diepe
,
Havre
de
Grace
,
S.
Malo
,
Brest
,
Rochel
,
Rachefort
,
Bourdeaux
,
Bayonne
,
&c.
And
in
the
Mediterranean
,
Marseilles
and
Toulon
.
The
principal
RIVERS
of
France
are
,
1.
The
Seine
,
which
rises
in
Burgundy
near
Dijon
,
passes
through
Champaign
,
the
Isle
of
France
and
Normandy
,
watering
by
the
way
Troyes
,
Paris
and
Roan
,
and
receiving
in
its
Course
the
Yonne
,
the
Oyse
,
and
several
smaller
Rivers
,
empties
it self
into
the
Sea
at
Havre
de
Grace
,
and
makes
a
very
good
Haven
,
whence
this
Town
hath
its
Name
.
2.
The
Loyre
is
the
largest
River
in
France
,
and
springs
in
Languedoc
,
in
the
Mountains
call'd
les
Severins
,
passes
by
Nevers
,
Orleans
,
Tours
,
Angors
and
Nantes
,
receiving
by
the
way
the
Aller
,
the
Cher
,
the
Indre
,
the
Vienne
,
the
Sarte
,
the
Ardre
and
many
others
,
and
falls
into
the
Sea
about
40
Miles
below
Nantes
,
and
over-against
Bell-Isle
.
3.
The
Garonne
rises
in
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
runs
to
Thoulouse
,
thence
flows
westward
to
Bourdeaux
,
a
little
below
which
the
Dourdonne
joins
it
,
and
both
together
make
it
a
very
wide
Haven
,
which
is
emptied
into
the
Ocean
near
the
Island
of
Oleron
.
4.
The
Rhosne
hath
its
source
in
the
Alps
,
passes
through
the
Lake
of
Geneva
,
flows
to
Lyons
,
where
it
receives
the
Saone
,
at
Valence
the
Isere
falls
into
it
,
as
does
the
Durance
at
Avignon
.
and
quickly
after
empties
it self
into
the
Mediterranean-Sea
in
six
Chanels
.
Besides
these
there
is
a
great
number
of
smaller
Rivers
,
which
are
mentioned
in
the
following
Description
of
the
Country
.
The
particular
COMMODITIES
of
France
,
which
they
send
abroad
into
Foreign
Countries
,
are
,
Wine
,
Brandy
,
Canvas
,
and
other
Linnen
,
Paper
,
Salt
,
wrought
Silks
,
Druggets
and
other
Stuffs
;
several
wrought
Goods
,
as
Gloves
,
Lace
,
&c.
The
PEOPLE
of
France
are
a
mixture
of
the
Posterity
of
the
ancient
Gauls
,
Romans
,
Franks
,
Visigoths
and
Burgundians
,
but
chiefly
of
the
Gauls
,
whom
,
though
the
Romans
and
Franks
successively
subdued
,
they
did
not
however
expel
,
those
still
remaining
,
the
body
of
the
People
,
tho'
these
obtain'd
the
Government
of
them
.
Of
the
TEMPER
of
the
Gauls
,
Caesar
says
,
They
were
quick-witted
,
but
rash
and
unsteady
;
and
their
Successors
the
French
are
of
the
same
nature
.
They
have
generally
quick
and
ready
Apprehensions
,
but
too
often
run
away
with
a
superficial
Knowledge
of
things
,
without
having
Patience
to
dive
to
the
bottom
:
But
thô
this
be
their
general
Character
,
there
have
been
abundance
of
Particulars
that
must
be
excepted
:
France
having
produc'd
very
learned
and
industrious
Men
,
in
all
Arts
and
Sciences
,
especially
in
our
Age
;
wherein
,
besides
the
vast
Improvement
they
have
made
of
the
Art
of
War
,
all
the
parts
of
Learning
have
been
industriously
studied
and
improved
by
the
ingenious
Virtuosi
of
France
;
and
even
a
Madam
Dacier
,
the
Daughter
of
Tanaq
.
Faber
,
who
published
an
excellent
Edition
of
Gallymachus
the
greek
Poet
,
with
a
Latin
Version
and
critical
Notes
;
also
Aurelius
Victor
,
Eutrepius
,
and
L.
Florus
,
with
Interpretations
and
Notes
,
for
the
use
of
the
Daupbin
;
besides
which
sh●
hath
Tr●nslated
Terence
,
three
Comedies
of
Plautus
,
and
two
of
Aristophanes
into
French
,
with
critical
Notes
;
and
hath
also
perfect
d
her
Husbands
Translation
of
Horace
,
with
admirable
Skill
and
Ing●nuity
.
Woman
of
that
Nation
hath
been
found
an
excellent
Critick
in
Philological
Learning
.
They
abound
in
Complements
,
and
are
really
very
civil
,
especially
to
Strangers
;
and
have
a
natural
freedom
in
their
Conversation
,
which
would
be
very
agreeable
if
it
were
not
overacted
and
mix'd
with
Levity
.
Both
Men
and
Women
are
full
of
Talk
,
and
as
familiar
at
first
sight
,
as
if
they
had
been
long
acquainted
.
In
their
Habit
they
are
somthing
phantastical
,
but
have
generally
an
Air
of
Gentility
;
especially
the
Women
,
who
are
wellshaped
and
fair
enough
,
except
in
the
Southern
Provinces
,
where
they
have
very
swarthy
Complexions
.
The
French
are
much
addicted
to
Ligitiousness
;
more
Law-suits
are
tried
there
,
than
in
any
Nation
in
the
World
,
nay
some
say
than
in
all
Europe
besides
;
which
encourages
all
sorts
of
People
to
breed
up
their
Children
to
the
Law
;
and
if
a
Father
can
raise
Money
enough
to
purchase
his
Son
an
Office
,
he
thinks
him
well
settled
:
By
which
means
here
are
swarms
of
Advocats
,
Procurers
,
Registers
,
Notaries
,
and
other
Men
of
Law
.
The
Gentry
scorn
Trade
,
so
that
the
younger
Brothers
always
apply
themselves
to
the
Gown
or
the
Sword
,
which
makes
the
French
King's
Armies
so
large
and
well
stockt
with
Officers
.
In
War
they
have
been
always
esteem'd
furious
in
attacking
,
but
quick
in
retreating
,
not
to
be
brought
on
a
second
time
,
if
they
obtain'd
not
their
end
at
the
first
Onset
.
Sicut
primus
impetus
eis
major
quam
virorum
est
,
ita
sequens
minus
quam
feminarum
,
says
L.
Florus
of
them
.
But
thô
this
may
still
be
part
of
their
Character
,
yet
,
what
by
strict
Dicipline
and
careful
Instruction
,
their
Soldiers
will
now
endure
the
Fatigues
of
a
Camp
and
a
Siege
as
well
as
any
in
Europe
,
and
in
Battles
too
,
they
have
behaved
themselves
very
bravely
.
The
Religion
of
the
Gauls
was
Paganism
in
its
highest
degree
,
even
to
the
offering
of
human
Sacrifices
(
saith
Solinus
)
but
as
they
became
more
civiliz'd
this
barbarity
was
laid
aside
;
however
,
they
still
remained
superstitious
Idolaters
,
till
the
CHRISTIAN
RELIGION
was
planted
among
them
,
by
some
of
St.
Peter's
Disciples
.
St.
Denis
,
the
Areopagite
,
is
pretended
to
have
been
the
Apostle
of
Paris
,
and
many
ridiculous
Miracles
are
related
of
him
in
their
Legends
;
particularly
,
that
after
he
was
beheaded
his
Body
rose
,
took
up
his
Head
and
walk'd
with
it
a
Mile
:
Which
is
as
true
,
as
that
this
Denis
was
ever
there
Dr.
Cave
in
his
Life
of
that
Denis
hath
sufficiently
proved
that
he
was
never
in
France
,
Lives
Fath
.
vol.
1.
p.
71.
as
have
also
their
own
Country-men
,
Launoy
,
Sirmondus
and
du
Pin
.
V.
du
Pin's
Hist
.
Eccles
.
Writ
.
vol.
1.
p.
31.
of
the
Engl.
Edi●
.
.
However
,
it
is
certain
,
that
Christianity
was
received
here
very
early
,
and
that
the
learned
and
pious
Father
St.
Irenaeus
came
hither
in
the
middle
of
the
second
Century
,
and
succeeded
Ponthinus
(
who
was
martyr'd
An.
Dom
.
178.
)
in
the
Bishoprick
of
Lyons
.
But
the
Franks
being
Pagans
,
when
they
came
it
was
suppress'd
,
till
Clovis
the
fifth
King
being
converted
,
by
the
persuasion
of
his
Wife
Crotilda
,
and
the
instruction
of
St.
Vaast
,
and
St.
Remigeus
the
first
Bishop
of
Rheims
,
it
was
again
restored
.
But
in
the
succceding
Ages
of
Ignorance
and
Superstition
,
the
Errors
that
crept
into
the
Church
in
most
parts
of
Christendom
,
prevail'd
here
also
;
and
though
the
Gallican
Church
was
never
so
servilely
subject
to
the
Court
of
Rome
as
those
of
other
Nations
,
yet
the
pernicious
Doctrines
were
as
generally
received
here
as
any
where
.
Wherefore
when
the
Reformation
was
set
on
foot
,
great
numbers
of
the
People
of
France
were
convinc'd
of
the
falshood
of
that
Religion
,
and
Calvin's
Doctrine
was
readily
receiv'd
upon
the
preaching
of
Zuinglius
.
And
so
numerous
did
the
Protestants
or
Hugenots
(
as
they
were
called
by
the
Romanists
)
grow
,
that
even
so
early
as
the
year
1560.
there
are
said
to
have
been
1250
of
their
Churches
in
France
.
But
they
were
always
persecuted
by
the
Romish
party
,
and
even
massacred
in
most
barbarous
manner
several
times
;
particularly
at
Paris
on
Saint
Bartholomew's
day
,
in
the
year
1572.
where
in
the
middle
of
the
night
,
more
than
10000
of
them
were
murder'd
at
once
,
and
in
other
Cities
three
times
as
many
;
though
a
Peace
was
just
concluded
,
and
for
assurance
the
King
of
Navarre
,
the
head
of
the
Protestant-party
,
was
that
day
married
to
the
French
King's
Sister
.
King
Henry
IV
.
granted
them
Liberty
of
Conscience
by
an
Edict
made
at
Nants
,
and
confirm'd
and
register'd
in
the
Parliament
of
Paris
:
By
which
means
they
again
grew
very
powerful
,
and
no
less
than
300
wall'd
Towns
were
inhabited
almost
only
by
them
,
of
which
Rochel
was
the
chief
.
But
Lewis
XIII
.
deprived
them
of
them
all
,
even
Rochel
it self
,
after
a
long
and
famous
Siege
.
By
which
their
Strength
being
broken
,
and
the
Heads
of
the
Party
being
brought
over
,
or
otherwise
reduc'd
,
the
present
King
,
Lewis
XIV
.
resolved
utterly
to
suppress
them
,
which
he
began
by
the
Revocation
of
the
Edict
of
Nants
in
the
year
,
1685.
notwithstanding
it
had
been
so
firmly
ratified
,
and
made
a
standing
Law
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
afterwards
caused
the
Protestants
to
be
most
cruelly
persecuted
by
his
Soldiers
,
which
continued
for
two
or
three
years
;
at
the
end
of
which
,
all
those
that
could
not
be
brought
to
renounce
their
Religion
,
were
banished
the
Kingdom
,
after
they
had
been
long
imprisoned
,
and
deprived
of
all
their
Goods
and
Estates
.
So
that
at
this
time
,
the
Romish
Religion
is
only
allowed
in
France
.
The
ancient
LANGUAGE
of
the
Gauls
was
the
same
with
that
of
our
ancient
Britains
,
as
the
learned
Mr.
Camden
has
proved
at
large
;
but
when
the
Romans
conquer'd
it
they
introduced
the
Latin
,
and
by
means
of
the
long
time
they
were
Masters
of
the
Country
,
establish'd
it
so
effectually
,
that
the
old
Gaulish
was
quite
lost
;
afterwards
the
Franks
,
being
Germans
,
introduced
their
own
Language
,
which
was
us'd
at
Court
for
some
Ages
;
but
the
German
being
a
more
harsh
indocile
Tongue
,
and
the
Latin
the
contrary
,
this
prevail'd
above
that
;
so
that
though
the
present
French
Tongue
be
compos'd
of
the
German
and
Gothick
,
as
well
as
of
the
Latin
,
the
last
has
much
the
greater
share
.
It
is
voluble
and
elegant
,
and
admir'd
for
its
sweetness
;
it
is
true
,
by
means
of
the
liberty
they
take
in
the
pronunciation
(
leaving
out
harsh
Terminations
and
Consonants
)
it
is
pliant
enough
,
but
not
so
sweet
as
the
Italian
.
The
Royal
Academy
at
Paris
have
of
late
years
much
improv'd
and
refin'd
it
,
however
it
is
not
yet
copious
nor
at
all
heroick
;
so
that
though
in
their
Translations
they
have
express'd
the
sense
of
some
ancient
Authors
aptly
enough
in
Prose
,
none
of
their
Ingenious
have
been
able
to
produce
Heroick
Poems
like
those
in
English
.
But
notwithstanding
that
this
Tongue
hath
nothing
of
signal
Majesty
or
Manliness
in
it
,
and
seems
rather
fit
for
the
Conversation
of
Women
than
of
Princes
and
Statesmen
,
yet
what
by
the
greatness
of
the
present
King
,
and
their
obstinacy
in
using
their
own
Language
in
the
Businesses
other
Nations
have
had
occasion
to
transact
with
them
,
together
with
the
splendor
of
the
Prince's
Court
which
hath
invited
Strangers
to
visit
it
,
the
French
Tongue
is
at
present
us'd
in
many
Courts
of
Europe
,
and
the
most
generally
understood
of
any
modern
one
in
Christendom
.
SECT
.
II
.
Of
the
antient
State
of
France
.
THE
want
of
Literature
in
the
earlier
Ages
of
the
World
,
hath
made
it
extreamly
difficult
to
discover
the
origine
of
Nations
;
that
of
France
is
as
obscure
as
any
.
The
best
that
can
be
learnt
is
,
That
it
was
Peopled
after
the
Flood
,
by
the
Posterity
of
Gomar
the
eldest
Son
of
Noah
:
These
growing
numerous
,
composed
many
Nations
,
to
whom
the
Greeks
and
Romans
gave
the
General
name
of
Galli
;
for
what
reason
,
as
it
is
uncertain
,
so
it
is
not
very
material
;
however
,
under
that
Name
they
were
known
in
the
time
of
Tarquinius
Priscus
the
fifth
King
of
Rome
,
and
Possessed
a
Country
of
very
large
extent
,
comprising
not
only
all
the
present
France
,
but
part
of
Italy
also
,
as
far
as
the
River
Rubicon
or
Pisatello
,
which
falls
into
the
Adriatick
Sea
between
Ravenna
and
Rimini
;
and
all
that
part
of
Germany
and
Belgium
,
that
lies
within
the
River
Rhine
,
the
Division
whereof
,
according
to
the
Roman
accounts
,
was
thus
,
viz.
I.
GALLIA
CISALPINA
or
Citerior
,
with
respect
to
the
Romans
,
afterwards
called
LONGOBARDIA
or
LOMBARDY
from
the
Bardi
,
a
certain
Gaulish
People
,
and
the
Langons
,
so
named
by
the
reason
of
their
long
Javelins
,
of
whom
XXII
Kings
reigned
in
this
Country
,
from
Alboinus
or
Aldoinus
their
first
Prince
,
A.
C.
568.
to
Desiderius
,
whom
Charlemaigne
defeated
,
A.
D.
773.
It
was
extended
from
the
River
Rubicon
as
far
as
the
Alps.
II
.
GALLIA
TRANSALPINA
,
or
Ulterior
,
which
contained
all
the
present
France
,
and
that
part
of
Germany
and
Belgium
westward
of
the
Rhine
.
The
Gauls
in
general
were
a
very
vigorous
and
warlike
People
,
those
of
the
Cis-Alpina
fought
and
defeated
a
large
Army
of
Romans
,
march'd
up
to
the
City
,
took
and
sack'd
it
A.M.
3562.
U.
C.
565.
,
laid
Siege
to
the
Capitol
,
and
had
well
nigh
taken
it
:
For
having
observed
on
one
side
of
the
Castle
a
place
of
more
easie
access
than
the
rest
,
in
the
dead
of
Night
some
of
them
climb'd
up
the
Rock
there
,
and
got
to
the
top
with
that
Silence
,
that
they
escaped
the
Centinels
and
the
Dogs
;
but
disturbed
certain
Geese
that
were
in
the
Capitol
,
which
by
gagling
and
clapping
their
Wings
,
alarm'd
the
Soldiers
;
who
presently
running
to
their
Arms
,
drove
them
back
,
and
by
that
lucky
Accident
recovered
the
Roman
State
,
then
reduc'd
to
its
last
gasp
.
At
length
the
Siege
was
raised
by
Camillus
the
Dictator
,
and
in
time
the
Gauls
were
driven
out
of
the
Roman
Provinces
:
But
left
so
dreadful
a
Name
behind
them
,
that
Cicero
confesses
,
the
Romans
were
more
afraid
of
them
than
any
other
Nation
of
the
World
.
And
Salust
says
.
It
was
not
Honour
but
Life
that
was
to
be
disputed
with
a
Gaul
.
The
Romans
durst
not
attempt
the
Conquest
of
them
,
till
they
had
subdued
almost
all
the
rest
of
the
then
known
World
.
At
length
,
Anno
U
.
C.
628.
Fulvius
Flaccus
the
Consul
made
War
upon
them
,
and
five
years
after
Fabius
Maximus
reduced
the
Narbonnensis
into
a
Roman
Province
.
About
70
years
after
this
,
Julius
Caesar
undertook
the
Conquest
of
Gaul
,
which
,
after
a
very
bloody
War
he
effected
,
and
totally
subjected
the
whole
Country
to
the
Power
of
Rome
,
A.M.
3900.
U
.
C
.
703.
ante
Christ
.
48.
Caesar
at
his
Arrival
found
the
whole
Country
divided
into
three
parts
,
whereof
the
Celtae
or
Galli
possessed
the
best
and
largest
,
being
all
the
Country
that
is
bounded
by
the
Garonne
on
the
South
,
the
Ocean
on
the
West
,
the
Loire
and
the
Rhine
on
the
East
,
and
by
the
Seine
and
Marne
on
the
North
;
From
the
Confines
of
the
Gallia
Celtica
to
the
British
Sea
,
and
along
the
lower
part
of
the
Rhine
quite
to
the
German
Ocean
was
inhabited
by
the
Belgae
;
The
other
part
,
being
all
from
the
River
Garonne
to
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
quite
cross
from
the
Ocean
in
the
West
to
the
Mediterranean
in
the
East
,
belonged
to
the
Aquitains
.
Of
these
the
Celtae
were
the
most
civiliz'd
,
because
of
their
Neighbourhood
and
converse
with
the
Romans
,
and
the
Belgae
the
most
warlike
,
by
reason
of
the
little
converse
they
had
with
other
Nations
,
and
the
frequent
Wars
that
the
Germans
made
upon
them
.
These
great
Nations
were
again
subdivided
into
a
multitude
of
smaller
,
whereof
Caesar
mentions
no
less
than
LXIV
.
that
had
different
Appellations
from
the
chief
City
,
as
the
Rhemi
of
Rheims
,
the
Suessiones
of
Soissons
,
Bellovaci
of
Beauvais
,
Sessui
of
Seez
,
&c.
But
by
him
it
was
divided
into
these
four
great
parts
,
viz.
1.
Narbonnensis
,
so
called
from
the
City
Narbon
,
containing
Languedo●
,
Provence
,
Dauphine
,
and
some
part
of
Savoy
;
called
also
Braccata
,
from
a
certain
Habit
worn
by
the
People
.
2.
Aquitanica
,
so
named
from
the
City
of
Aquae-angustae
,
now
d'
Acqs
in
Guienne
,
comprehending
the
Provinces
of
Gascogn
,
Guienne
,
Quercu
.
Xaintoigne
,
Poictou
,
Perigort
,
Limosin
,
Auvergne
,
Bourbonnois
,
and
Berry
,
extending
from
the
Pyrenees
to
the
River
Loire
.
3.
Celtica
,
call'd
so
from
the
valiant
Nation
of
the
Celtae
,
and
Comata
from
the
long
Hair
worn
by
them
,
and
also
Lugdunensis
from
the
City
Lyons
,
extending
from
the
Loire
to
the
British
Sea
,
and
comprehending
the
Province
of
Lyonnois
,
the
Dukedom
of
Burgundy
,
Nivernois
,
&c.
part
of
Champaigne
,
the
Isle
of
France
,
the
Provinces
of
Normandy
,
Bretaigne
,
Maine
,
Perche
,
Beauce
,
Anjou
,
and
Touraine
.
4.
Belgica
,
named
from
the
Belgae
a
potent
Nation
,
comprised
all
the
Eastern
part
of
Gaul
,
viz.
Picardy
,
the
rest
of
Champaigne
,
the
Netherlands
,
and
so
much
of
Germany
and
Belgium
,
as
lyeth
on
this
side
the
Rhine
,
with
the
County
of
Burgundy
or
Franche
Comte
.
Afterwards
the
Emperor
Constantine
the
Great
,
divided
it
into
seventeen
Provinces
or
Governments
;
six
of
which
were
Consular
,
and
Eleven
under
certain
Presidents
sent
by
the
Emperor
,
who
resided
in
these
Cities
,
viz.
1.
Narbonnensis
prima
.
|
Narbonne
in
Languedoc
.
|
2.
—
secunda
.
|
Aix
in
Provence
.
|
3.
Viennensis
.
|
Vienne
in
Dauphine
.
|
4.
Alpes
,
Graiae
and
Peninae
.
|
Monstriers
en
Tarentaise
in
Sav●y
.
|
5.
Alpes
Maritimae
.
|
Ambrun
in
Dauphine
.
|
6.
Lugdunensis
prima
.
|
Lyons
.
|
7.
—
secunda
.
|
Roan
in
Normandy
.
|
8.
—
tertia
.
|
Tours
.
|
9.
—
quarta
.
|
Sens
in
Champaigne
.
|
10.
Sequania
.
|
Besancon
in
Franc
.
Comte
.
|
11.
Aquitanica
prima
.
|
Bourges
in
Berry
.
|
12.
—
secunda
.
|
Bourdeaux
in
Guienne
.
|
13.
Novempopulania
.
|
Aux
in
Gascoigne
.
|
14.
Germania
prima
.
|
Mentz
.
|
15.
—
secunda
.
|
Colen
.
|
16.
Belgica
prima
.
|
Triers
.
|
17.
—
secunda
.
|
Rheims
.
|
He
also
placed
Counts
in
the
Cities
,
and
Dukes
in
the
Frontier-Towns
to
administer
Justice
according
to
the
Roman
Laws
;
and
A.
D.
330.
dividing
the
Office
of
Praefectus
Praeterio
,
or
Lieutenant-General
of
the
Empire
,
among
four
Persons
;
appointed
one
of
them
to
reside
among
the
Gauls
;
and
under
him
,
three
Vicars
,
who
were
dispersed
in
Britain
,
France
,
and
Spain
.
Not
not
long
after
the
death
of
Constantine
,
the
Goths
got
footing
in
Gaul
,
the
Narbonnensis
being
granted
to
them
by
the
Emperour
Honorius
upon
their
quitting
Italy
;
and
afterwards
,
for
Service
done
the
Empire
,
Aquitain
also
was
given
them
.
And
the
Burgundians
,
a
great
and
populous
Nation
on
the
Rhine
,
(
at
first
called
in
by
Stilico
Lieutenant
of
the
same
Honorius
,
to
defend
the
Borders
against
the
Franks
)
possessed
themselves
of
all
the
Southeast
parts
and
both
the
Burgundies
,
from
them
so
called
.
This
was
the
State
of
Gaul
,
when
the
Franks
or
French
entred
it
.
The
FRANKS
were
a
warlike
people
of
Germany
,
who
possessed
all
the
Country
that
lies
between
the
Rhine
and
the
Weser
,
and
from
the
German
Ocean
in
the
North
to
the
River
Mayne
in
the
South
;
and
consisted
of
the
Nations
of
Sicambri
,
Bructeri
,
Salij
,
Cherusci
,
&c.
They
also
conquered
the
Country
beyond
the
Mayne
,
and
making
the
banks
of
that
River
their
chief
Seat
,
gave
the
name
of
Franconia
to
the
Country
now
call'd
so
.
The
Sicambri
,
from
whom
some
deduce
the
original
of
the
French
,
are
said
to
be
of
Scythian
Extraction
,
and
have
come
down
into
Germany
A.
M.
3519.
ante
J.
Chr.
429.
in
a
very
great
Body
,
under
their
Captain
Marcomir
,
and
settled
themselves
in
those
parts
now
called
East-Friesland
,
Guelderland
,
and
Holland
,
They
were
a
rough
unciviliz'd
People
,
and
often
invaded
and
plundered
their
Neighbours
.
A.
M.
3925.
their
King
named
Francus
,
was
called
by
the
Saxons
to
their
assistance
against
the
Goths
,
where
he
so
signaliz'd
himself
by
his
Valour
,
that
,
as
some
Authors
report
,
the
Nation
had
from
him
the
Name
of
Franci
;
but
this
seems
improbable
,
since
neither
Strabo
,
Ptolemy
,
Pliny
,
Caesar
,
Tacitus
,
or
any
ancient
Author
have
mentioned
them
under
that
Name
:
From
whence
it
is
concluded
,
That
they
had
it
not
till
long
after
,
that
they
took
it
up
to
denote
the
Freedom
they
enjoy'd
from
the
Roman
Yoak
,
which
the
Neighbouring
Nations
were
subject
to
.
The
first
notice
of
them
in
History
under
this
Denomination
,
is
in
the
Reigns
of
Valerian
and
Galienus
,
about
A.
D.
260
,
after
which
they
are
frequently
mentioned
on
account
of
the
Pillage
they
made
in
Gaul
,
&c.
Constantine
the
Great
took
their
Kings
Ascaric
and
Rhadagaise
Prisoners
,
and
exposed
them
to
wild
Beasts
,
for
having
violated
their
Faith
in
waring
against
him
.
About
A.
D.
412
the
Armorici
,
who
inhabited
the
Maritime
Provinces
of
Gaul
,
as
Flanders
,
Picardy
,
Normandy
and
Bretaign
revolted
from
the
Romans
,
to
whom
the
Franks
joyned
,
and
by
that
means
possessed
themselves
of
part
of
the
German
and
Belgick
Provinces
of
Gaul
,
which
the
Romans
were
forced
to
grant
them
.
Soon
after
this
it
was
,
that
Pharamond
was
chosen
their
King
;
he
Reigned
ten
Years
and
had
his
Seat
in
Gaul
,
but
about
the
time
of
his
death
the
Romans
beat
the
Franks
out
of
Gaul
again
,
and
took
from
them
the
Lands
they
had
given
them
,
which
Clodion
the
Successor
of
Pharamond
endeavour'd
to
regain
,
but
was
beaten
back
.
Meroveus
succeeded
Clodion
,
in
whose
time
Attila
King
of
the
Hunns
invaded
Gaul
with
a
vast
Army
,
and
having
plundered
several
other
Cities
,
besieged
Orleans
;
for
the
relief
whereof
Meroveus
joyned
his
Forces
with
those
of
Aetius
the
Roman
General
,
and
Theodorick
King
of
the
Visigoths
,
who
all
together
set
upon
Attila
,
and
in
Battle
killed
200000
of
his
Men
(
as
Historians
report
)
and
drove
him
out
of
Gaul
.
Aetius
,
who
was
the
great
support
of
the
Roman
Power
in
Gaul
,
was
soon
after
Massacred
by
Valentinian
,
and
he
himself
kill'd
by
Maximus
.
This
put
the
Roman
affairs
in
such
disorder
,
that
Meroveus
had
time
to
extend
his
Conquests
,
which
he
did
over
all
Picardy
,
Normandy
,
and
part
of
the
Isle
of
France
;
and
Childerick
his
Son
took
Paris
,
Orleans
,
and
several
other
Cities
,
and
established
the
French
Monarchy
.
Clovis
his
Successor
freed
the
French
wholly
from
the
Roman
Power
,
and
gave
the
name
of
France
to
all
the
Country
that
reaches
from
the
Rhine
to
the
Loire
,
After
the
death
of
Clovis
,
the
Dominions
of
the
Franks
was
divided
into
2
parts
,
viz.
Oosterrich
,
or
the
Eastern
part
called
Austrasia
,
and
Westerrich
,
or
the
Western
part
call'd
Neustria
:
The
former
containing
all
the
old
France
,
and
the
Country
beyond
the
Maine
which
they
had
conquer'd
,
together
with
Reims
,
Chalons
,
Cambray
and
Laon
;
which
was
from
that
time
a
separate
Kingdom
,
the
Seat
whereof
was
Mets
in
Lorrain
.
The
latter
contained
all
the
Country
that
lies
between
the
Meuse
and
the
Loire
,
which
was
again
divided
into
three
Kingdoms
,
viz.
1.
Of
France
at
Paris
,
1.
of
Orleans
,
and
3.
of
Soissons
:
And
afterwards
,
when
the
French
had
subdued
the
Visigoths
and
Burgundians
;
two
other
Kingdoms
were
erected
,
viz.
of
Aquitain
and
Burgundy
.
These
were
several
times
united
and
divided
,
as
the
Royal
Family
happen'd
to
be
more
or
less
numerous
.
But
the
Title
of
Kings
of
France
,
the
Historians
have
given
to
those
only
who
have
ruled
in
Paris
;
who
are
these
mentioned
in
the
following
Table
.
SECT
III
.
Of
the
French
Kings
.
OF
these
Monarchs
there
are
reckon'd
three
Races
:
The
first
is
called
Merovignian
from
Merouee
,
who
puting
aside
the
Children
of
Clodion
,
caus'd
himself
to
be
chosen
King
;
and
fix'd
the
Regal
Seat
in
Gaul
,
as
hath
been
already
shewn
.
This
Race
continued
during
the
Reigns
of
XXI
Kings
,
and
ended
in
Childerick
III
.
who
being
a
weak
Man
,
was
surnamed
the
Witless
,
and
was
degraded
by
the
Assembly
of
the
Estates
;
Pepin
,
the
Son
of
Charles
M●rtel
,
Maire
of
the
Palace
,
being
advanced
in
his
stead
,
who
began
the
second
Race
,
call'd
the
Carlian
or
Carlovinian
.
The
Maire
of
the
Palace
was
an
Office
of
great
Dignity
and
Power
;
he
was
at
first
chosen
by
the
Nobility
and
confirmed
by
the
King
;
and
was
entrusted
with
the
Management
of
all
Affairs
of
State
:
Their
Power
was
very
great
,
which
by
reason
of
the
Weakness
and
Supineness
of
the
Kings
they
encreased
as
they
pleased
;
so
that
at
last
it
became
hereditary
.
Of
these
,
Pepin
and
his
Son
Charles
,
surnamed
Martel
,
were
in
a
manner
Kings
themselves
during
the
Reigns
of
Dagobert
II
.
Chilperick
,
Clotaire
and
Thierry
,
and
after
the
Death
of
the
last
,
Charles
made
himself
chief
Governour
,
with
the
Title
of
Maire
and
Duke
of
the
French
,
in
which
he
was
succeeded
by
his
Sons
Carloman
and
Pepin
,
during
an
Interregnum
of
6
or
7
years
;
and
after
the
Expulsion
of
Childerick
Pepin
obtained
the
Royal
Dignity
,
as
hath
been
already
said
.
To
Pepin
succeeded
his
Son
Charles
,
called
le
Maigne
or
the
Great
;
An
Epithet
the
Noble
Actions
he
perform'd
,
very
worthily
deserv'd
:
For
it
was
he
that
conquer'd
the
Barbarous
Inhabitants
of
the
most
Northern
parts
of
Germany
,
and
establish'd
Christianity
and
Civil
Government
among
them
,
after
he
had
overcome
Wittikind
the
last
King
of
the
Saxons
,
whereof
we
shall
have
occasion
to
speak
more
particularly
in
our
description
of
Germany
.
He
also
conquer'd
the
Boii
or
Bavarians
,
became
King
of
Germany
,
and
in
the
Pope's
Quarrel
carried
his
Arms
into
Italy
against
Desiderius
King
of
Lombardy
,
who
attempted
to
diminish
the
Papal
Power
and
make
himself
King
of
all
Italy
;
him
Charles
defeated
,
seized
his
Kingdom
,
and
was
crown'd
King
of
Lombardy
.
He
also
conquer'd
the
Sarazens
in
Spain
;
And
the
Huns
,
Danes
,
Normans
,
&c.
that
infested
his
own
Countries
:
And
finally
,
he
was
by
the
Romans
chosen
Emperor
,
to
which
he
was
Crowned
on
Christmas-day
,
A.
D.
800.
thereby
erecting
anew
the
Western
Empire
,
and
making
himself
the
greatest
Prince
of
the
Universe
.
But
this
mighty
Monarchy
was
in
a
little
time
reduced
to
its
former
Limits
;
for
his
Son
Lewis
the
Godly
parted
his
Estates
among
his
four
Sons
,
and
erected
the
Kingdoms
of
Italy
,
Aquitain
,
Bavaria
and
Rhoetia
;
and
tho'
some
of
his
Posterity
succeded
in
the
Empire
,
yet
his
Family
degenerating
,
they
not
only
lost
that
Title
,
but
Charles
surnamed
the
Simple
,
the
great
Grandson
of
Lewis
the
Godly
,
was
for
some
time
kept
out
of
the
Throne
of
France
also
by
Lewis
and
Carloman
,
his
Bastard-Brothers
,
and
after
them
by
Carolus
Crassus
Emperor
,
and
Eudes
Earl
of
Anjou
;
and
though
he
obtained
it
at
last
,
he
was
much
disturb'd
and
forc'd
to
relign
it
to
Rodolph
of
Burgundy
,
who
having
enjoyed
it
two
years
,
after
his
Death
the
Son
of
Charles
the
Simple
was
restored
.
But
his
Son
and
Grandson
were
disturb'd
by
Hugh
Capet
,
Earl
of
Paris
and
Anjou
,
and
Maire
of
the
Palace
,
descended
from
the
Eudes
abovemention'd
,
who
after
the
death
of
Lewis
the
Sloathful
,
got
to
be
chosen
King
by
the
Assembly
of
the
Estates
at
Noyon
in
the
Month
of
May
,
A.
D.
987.
And
began
the
third
or
Capetine
Race
of
the
Kings
of
France
,
A
Chronological
Table
of
the
Succession
of
the
Kings
of
France
,
according
to
Mezeray
.
The
First
or
Morovignian
Race
.
Began
to
Reign
.
|
A.
D.
|
Reigned
Years
|
1
Pharomond
|
418
|
10
|
2
Clodion
the
Hairy
|
428
|
20
|
3
Merouee
|
448
|
11
|
4
Childerick
I.
|
458
|
23
|
5
Clovis
I.
|
481
|
30
|
6
Childebert
I.
|
511
|
47
|
7
Clotaire
I.
|
558
|
3
|
8
Cherebert
|
561
|
9
|
9
Chilperic
I
|
570
|
13
|
10
Clotaire
II
.
|
584
|
45
|
11
Dagobert
I.
|
629
|
16
|
|
Whereof
6
with
his
Father
.
|
12
Clovis
II
.
|
638
|
18
|
13
Clotaire
III
.
|
655
|
14
|
14
Childerick
II
.
|
670
|
in
Austria
&
Neustr
.
18
|
15
Thierry
I.
|
674
|
17
|
16
Clovis
III
.
|
691
|
4
|
17
Childebert
II
.
|
695
|
17
|
18
Dagobert
II
.
the
Just
|
711
|
5
|
19
Chilperick
II
.
|
716
|
5
|
Clotaire
,
set
up
by
Ch.
Martel
|
721
|
1
|
20
Thierry
II
.
|
722
|
17
|
An
Interregnum
of
6
or
7
years
|
|
21
Childerick
III
.
the
Witless
.
|
743
|
8
|
She
Second
or
Carlovignian
Race
.
Began
to
Reign
.
|
A.
D.
|
Reigned
Years
|
22
Pepin
,
the
short
|
751
|
17
|
23
Charlemaign
,
or
Ch.
the
Great
|
768
|
46
|
24
Lewis
I.
the
pious
|
814
|
27
|
25
Charles
II
.
the
Bald
|
840
|
37
|
26
Lewis
II
.
the
Stammerer
,
|
877
|
19
Months
|
27
Lewis
III
.
Carloman
|
879
|
2
|
4
|
22
Charles
III
.
the
Gross
|
884
|
3
|
29
Eudes
,
Crowned
King
|
888
|
5
|
30
Charles
IV
.
the
Simple
|
893
|
29
|
Robert
Crowned
King
|
922
|
1
|
31
Rodolph
Crowned
King
|
923
|
13
|
32
Lewis
IV
.
Transmarine
|
936
|
18
|
33
Lothaire
|
954
|
32
|
34
Lewis
V.
the
Sloathful
|
986
|
16
Months
|
The
Third
or
Capetine
Race
.
Began
to
Reign
.
|
A.
D.
|
Reigned
Years
|
35
Hugh
Capet
|
987
|
9
|
36
Robert
,
the
Devout
|
996
|
45
|
|
whereof
9
with
his
Father
.
|
Hugh
the
Great
,
Crowned
,
but
died
before
his
Father
.
|
37
Henry
I.
|
1033
|
28
|
38
Philip
I.
|
1060
|
48
|
39
Lewis
VI
.
the
Gross
|
1108
|
29
|
Philip
Crowned
,
but
died
before
his
Father
|
40
Lewis
VII
the
Young
|
1137
|
43
|
41
Philip
II
.
the
August
|
1180
|
43
|
42
Lewis
VIII
.
the
Lyon
|
1223
|
3
|
43
S.
Lewis
IX
.
|
1226
|
44
|
44
Philip
III
.
the
Hardy
|
1270
|
15
|
45
Philip
IV
.
the
Fair
|
1286
|
29
|
46
Lewis
X.
Hutin
|
1314
|
18
Months
|
Regency
.
|
John
died
at
8
days
old
.
|
|
|
47
Philip
V.
the
Young
|
1317
|
5
|
48
Charles
IV
,
the
Fair
|
1322
|
6
|
After
whose
death
Edward
III
.
King
of
England
claimed
the
Crown
of
France
,
as
next
Heir
;
however
it
was
given
to
|
49
Philip
VI
.
of
Valois
,
|
1328
|
22
|
50
John
the
Good
|
1350
|
13
|
He
was
taken
Prisoner
by
the
Black
Prince
Son
to
Edward
III
.
|
51
Charles
V.
the
Wise
|
1364
|
16
|
52
Charles
VI
.
well
belov'd
|
1380
|
42
|
53
Charles
VII
.
Victorious
|
1422
|
39
|
54
Lewis
XI
.
|
1461
|
22
|
55
Charles
VIII
.
Courteous
|
1483
|
15
|
56
Lewis
XII
.
the
Just
|
1498
|
17
|
57
Francis
I.
the
Great
|
1515
|
32
|
58
Henry
II
.
|
1547
|
13
|
59
Francis
II
.
|
1559
|
1
5
Mon.
|
60
Charles
IX
.
|
1560
|
13
|
61
Henry
III
.
|
1574
|
15
|
62
Henry
IV
.
of
Bourbon
,
King
of
Navarre
.
|
1589
|
21
|
63
Lewis
XIII
.
|
1610
|
33
|
64
Lewis
XIV
.
|
1643
|
now
reigning
.
|
The
present
King
was
born
Sept.
5th
1638.
succeeded
his
Father
in
the
Throne
,
May
14th
1643
and
was
Crowned
at
Reims
,
June
7th
1654
he
married
Mary
of
Austria
Daughter
to
Philip
iv
.
King
of
Spain
,
June
9th
1660
,
by
whom
he
hath
Issue
,
the
DAUPHIN
,
born
Nov.
1st
.
1661
,
who
married
Mary
Sister
to
the
present
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
on
the
28th
of
Jan.
1680
,
and
by
her
hath
Issue
three
Sons
;
viz.
the
Duke
of
BURGUNDY
,
born
Aug.
6th
1682.
The
Duke
of
ANJOU
,
born
Dec.
9th
1683.
And
the
Duke
of
BERRY
,
born
August
31
1686.
SECT
.
IV
.
Of
the
Government
,
Laws
,
Courts
and
Officers
of
Justice
and
Taxes
.
GAul
,
as
we
have
said
,
was
anciently
divided
into
many
Nations
,
each
of
which
was
govern'd
by
a
different
King
;
whose
Power
was
limited
by
Laws
agreed
between
him
and
the
People
in
a
grand
Council
.
But
though
these
Nations
were
separate
Governments
,
they
all
maintained
a
general
Alliance
,
and
upon
extraordinary
Occasions
.
a
general
Council
of
the
Chiefs
of
each
Nation
was
Conven'd
;
as
we
find
there
was
to
choose
Deputies
to
congratulate
Caesar
upon
his
Victory
over
the
Helvetians
,
Caesar
de
Bel
.
Gal
.
Lib
.
1.
and
to
crave
his
assistance
against
Ariovistus
King
of
the
Germans
.
And
like
the
Gauls
,
the
French
also
at
the
beginning
of
that
Monarchy
,
established
a
grand
Council
for
making
Laws
,
called
the
Assembly
of
the
Estates
;
which
was
composed
of
Deputies
sent
from
the
Nobility
,
Clergy
,
the
chief
Cities
of
every
Province
,
and
from
the
Common
People
.
These
being
assembled
before
the
King
,
the
Peoples
Grievances
were
heard
,
the
Necessities
of
the
Kingdom
considered
,
and
Laws
were
made
for
Imposing
Taxes
,
Redressing
Grievances
,
and
what
else
was
needful
for
the
Publick
Good
:
And
the
Laws
there
made
obliged
the
King
,
as
well
as
the
People
.
The
first
Assembly
of
this
Council
,
mentioned
in
History
,
was
A.
D.
422.
at
Salisson
or
Seltz
in
Alsatia
,
which
was
called
(
says
du
Tillet
)
to
Interpret
and
Reform
the
Customs
of
France
not
yet
written
,
and
and
in
this
Council
(
't
is
said
)
the
famous
Salique
Law
was
made
.
Mention
is
made
of
many
times
that
Childebert
assembled
the
Estates
.
Charlemaigne
called
them
twenty
times
,
To
receive
the
Annual
Gifts
,
and
confirm
the
Priviledges
of
the
Nobility
,
says
a
late
French
Author
of
good
Learning
;
by
which
it
should
seem
that
they
had
the
same
Power
that
our
English
Parliament
hath
.
It
is
at
least
certain
,
that
in
those
days
this
Assembly
had
great
Authority
:
Davila
says
it
was
an
ancient
Question
,
whether
the
Estates
or
the
King
were
superior
.
But
at
length
their
Power
was
much
restrained
,
and
latterly
they
were
not
assembled
in
many
years
together
.
Lewis
XIII
.
convoked
the
Assembly
of
the
Estates
to
Sens
,
Sept.
10.
1614.
thence
adjourned
them
to
Paris
,
where
the
Sessions
began
on
the
27th
of
October
,
and
on
the
23d
of
February
,
1615
,
the
Result
of
their
Deliberations
being
written
down
,
were
presented
to
the
King
,
but
whether
passed
into
Laws
or
no
I
am
not
inform'd
,
the
Historian
leaving
it
there
.
Since
that
time
they
have
never
met
;
and
the
only
Legislative
Power
in
France
at
present
is
in
the
King
,
whose
Edicts
(
with
a
Soit
,
car
tel
est
notre
plaisir
;
So
be
it
,
for
such
is
our
Pleasure
)
being
registred
in
the
Parliament
of
Paris
(
which
too
is
composed
of
Persons
that
are
at
his
Devotion
)
have
the
full
Force
of
Laws
.
The
Ancient
Civil
Law
is
used
in
France
,
besides
which
there
are
ancient
particular
Laws
and
Customs
,
and
the
Edicts
of
the
Kings
.
The
Salique
Law
and
that
of
Appenages
are
esteemed
Fundamental
and
unrevocable
:
The
first
confines
the
Succession
to
the
Crown
in
the
Males
,
excluding
the
Females
,
and
the
Issue
of
them
:
What
more
it
contained
is
not
known
.
Many
Conjectures
have
been
made
of
the
reason
of
this
Name
Salique
;
some
derive
it
from
the
Salii
,
one
of
the
Nations
of
the
Franks
;
others
from
the
River
Sala
,
on
the
Banks
whereof
it
is
pretended
to
be
made
,
&c.
But
that
which
seems
to
be
much
the
most
Natural
and
Probable
is
the
Judgment
of
a
most
ingenious
Antiquary
of
our
own
Nation
,
who
derives
it
from
the
Word
SAHL
or
ZAL
,
as
it
is
now
written
,
which
in
the
High
Dutch
(
the
Language
of
the
Franks
)
signifies
a
Hall
or
Court
,
so
that
it
is
the
Law
Salique
,
q
.
d
.
the
Court-Law
,
or
the
Law
of
the
Court
,
by
which
the
King
and
the
Royal
Family
were
assur'd
of
their
Honour
and
Prerogative
.
That
of
Appenage
was
made
by
Charles
the
Great
,
and
is
to
hinder
the
King's
younger
Sons
from
having
any
part
of
the
Knigdom
with
their
Elder
Brother
;
before
which
France
was
frequently
parcelled
out
into
several
Kingdoms
.
For
maintaining
the
Publick
Peace
,
and
the
better
Administration
of
Justice
,
the
King
appoints
one
of
the
prime
of
the
Nobility
Governor
in
every
one
of
the
Twelve
Governments
,
and
under
him
Lieutenants
and
Governours
of
Towns
;
whose
Offices
are
the
same
with
the
ancient
Dukes
and
Counts
,
first
established
by
the
Romans
,
viz.
to
keep
in
Obedience
the
Provinces
and
Places
given
them
in
Custody
,
to
maintain
them
in
Peace
and
Tranquility
,
to
have
Power
and
command
over
their
Armies
,
to
defend
them
against
Enemies
and
Seditious
Attempts
,
to
keep
the
Places
well
fortified
and
provided
with
what
is
needful
,
and
to
assist
the
Execution
of
Justice
.
The
Administration
of
Justice
,
both
Civil
and
Criminal
belongs
to
the
Parliaments
.
Anciently
the
Kings
administred
Justice
themselves
,
but
it
being
troublesome
to
them
,
this
Court
was
establish'd
by
King
Pepin
,
Anno.
Dom
.
757.
composed
of
certain
Noblemen
,
whom
the
King
appointed
to
hear
the
Complaints
,
and
do
Justice
to
his
Subjects
.
At
first
it
was
held
where
the
King
resided
,
and
follow'd
him
in
his
Journeys
:
But
for
the
Convenience
of
the
People
,
Philip
the
Fair
made
it
sedentary
,
and
gave
a
part
of
his
Palace
at
Paris
to
be
the
fixt
Seat
of
the
Parliament
;
and
because
of
the
multiplicity
of
Business
,
and
the
large
Extent
of
the
Country
,
succeeding
Kings
erected
new
ones
in
several
Parts
of
the
Kingdom
,
so
that
at
present
there
are
Fifteen
Parliaments
in
France
and
its
Conquests
,
viz.
-
1
At
Paris
.
-
2
Toulouse
.
-
3
Roan
.
-
4
Grenoble
.
-
5
Bourdeaux
.
-
6
Dijon
.
-
7
Aix
.
-
8
Rennes
,
now
at
Vannes
.
-
9
At
Pau
.
-
10
Mets
.
-
11
Besancon
.
-
12
Tournay
.
-
13
Of
Rousillon
at
Perpignan
.
-
14
Arras
.
-
15
Of
Alsace
at
Brifac
.
These
Parliaments
are
composed
of
certain
Presidents
,
Counsellors
,
Advocates
,
&c.
and
divided
into
several
Chambers
,
according
to
the
respective
Businesses
.
That
of
Paris
is
called
the
Court
of
Peers
,
because
the
Dukes
and
Peers
of
France
,
and
several
great
Officers
of
State
are
sworn
before
it
,
and
are
there
tryed
,
when
accused
of
any
Crime
.
It
is
divided
into
Ten
Chambers
,
viz.
The
Grand
Chamber
,
which
tries
great
Causes
,
and
judges
Noblemen
.
The
Tournelle
(
so
called
,
because
the
Counsellors
of
the
Grand
Chamber
attend
in
it
by
turns
)
Civile
,
judges
of
Civil
Causes
to
the
Value
of
1000
Livres
or
50
Livres
per
Annum
.
The
Tournelle
Criminelle
,
which
judges
all
Appeals
of
Criminal
Matters
for
the
Subordinate
Courts
,
not
made
by
Noblemen
.
Five
Chambers
of
Inquest
.
Wherein
the
Depositions
of
Witnesses
are
written
down
,
and
Causes
judged
thereupon
,
in
the
nature
of
our
Bill
and
Answer
in
Chancery
and
Exchequer
.
Two
Chambers
of
Request
,
which
judge
the
Causes
of
those
that
are
priviledged
.
For
the
Service
of
these
Chambers
,
there
are
one
Chief
President
,
and
seven
Presidents
au
Mortier
(
so
called
from
a
Cap
they
wear
in
form
like
a
Mortar
)
who
are
all
Persons
of
Quality
:
Twenty
nine
Counsellors
Clerks
,
among
which
the
Archbishop
of
Paris
,
and
the
Abbot
of
S.
Denis
have
place
;
One
hundred
eighty
and
five
Counsellors
,
Laicks
;
Fourteen
Presidents
of
the
Inquest
and
Request
;
Two
Advocates
General
;
one
Procurer
General
,
and
Twenty
Substitutes
to
him
;
Three
Registers
;
with
Greiffers
,
Notaries
,
Ushers
,
&c.
and
Four
hundred
Procureurs
or
Attorneys
.
Besides
the
Parliaments
,
there
are
two
other
sorts
of
Supreme
Courts
in
France
,
which
are
the
Chambers
of
Accounts
,
and
the
Courts
of
Aides
.
The
Chambers
of
Accounts
are
Twelve
in
Number
,
and
held
at
these
Cities
,
viz.
1.
Paris
,
2.
Roan
,
3.
Dijon
,
4.
Nantes
,
5.
Montpelier
,
6.
Grenoble
,
7.
Aix
,
8.
Pau
,
9.
Blois
,
10.
Lisle
,
11.
Aire
,
and
12.
Dole
.
This
Court
administers
the
Oath
of
Fidelity
to
the
Archbishops
,
Bishops
,
Abbots
,
&c.
They
Examine
the
Accounts
of
the
Treasury
,
receive
the
Homage
and
Vassalage
due
from
the
Royal
Feifs
,
&c.
and
Register
the
Treaties
of
Peace
,
and
all
other
Contracts
,
Grants
,
and
Gifts
of
the
King
whatsoever
.
The
Courts
of
Aides
are
Eight
,
and
held
at
these
Cities
,
viz.
1.
Paris
,
2.
Montpelier
,
3.
Roan
,
4.
Clermont
Mont-ferrand
,
5.
Bourdeaux
,
6.
Aix
,
7.
Grenoble
,
and
8.
of
Burgundy
at
Dijon
.
This
Court
judges
without
Appeal
all
Causes
relating
to
the
Tailles
,
Aides
,
Gab●es
,
and
all
other
the
Kings
Revenues
.
Under
these
Supreme
Courts
there
are
other
for
smaller
Matters
establish'd
in
all
the
Cities
,
and
considerable
Towns
in
the
Kingdom
,
viz.
Presidial
.
A
Coutt
composed
of
several
Judges
,
who
Try
Civil
Causes
(
and
Appeals
from
Subaltern
Justices
in
Villages
)
of
Matters
of
smaller
Importance
.
Each
Presidial
is
divided
under
two
Chiefs
;
The
first
Judges
definitively
,
and
without
Appeal
,
to
to
the
Sum
of
250
Livres
,
or
10
Livres
per
Annum
;
The
second
to
the
Sum
of
500
Livres
,
or
20
Livres
per
Annum
.
Generalities
.
Which
are
the
Treasurers
General
of
France
;
Of
these
there
are
Twenty
three
,
conveniently
disposed
in
several
parts
of
the
Kingdom
:
Each
Generality
is
composed
of
Twenty
three
Persons
,
who
have
the
Care
of
Assessing
the
Taxes
,
and
Receiving
the
Kings
Revenue
,
in
their
respective
Districts
,
which
for
their
ease
are
divided
into
several
Parts
,
call'd
Elections
.
When
the
King
,
in
his
Council
,
hath
determined
what
extraordinary
Sum
must
be
levied
upon
the
Subjects
that
Year
,
the
Resolution
is
sent
to
the
Generalities
,
who
compute
the
Proportion
of
it
that
each
of
their
Districts
must
raise
:
And
then
send
their
Orders
to
every
Election
,
to
raise
so
much
as
their
Proportion
amounts
to
,
upon
the
Parishes
within
their
respective
Elections
;
and
the
Money
being
Collected
,
is
return'd
with
the
accounts
to
the
Generalities
,
who
remit
it
to
the
Exchequer
.
The
same
Method
is
us'd
in
levying
the
Tailles
,
and
all
Money
raised
for
the
King
.
This
is
a
Court
also
for
judging
Matters
relating
to
the
Crown-Lands
and
the
Kings
Revenue
.
They
have
the
inspection
of
all
Publick
Works
,
and
give
out
Orders
concerning
the
building
and
repairing
the
Royal
Houses
(
except
Versailles
and
the
Louvre
)
publick
Bridges
,
Causeys
,
&c.
They
are
Surveyors
General
of
the
High-ways
,
and
Judge
of
the
Nuisances
without
Appeal
.
All
Letters
of
Ennobling
,
Legitimation
and
Donation
from
the
King
must
be
registred
in
their
Office
.
The
Places
that
these
Generalities
are
held
in
,
will
be
seen
in
the
following
Description
of
the
Country
.
The
Election
is
a
subordinate
Court
to
the
Generality
.
It
is
composed
of
several
Persons
who
compute
the
proportion
that
every
Parish
in
their
Division
must
raise
of
the
Sum
demanded
by
the
Generality
,
and
send
out
their
Orders
to
the
Parishes
accordingly
,
where
the
Inhabitants
chuse
one
,
who
proportions
it
exactly
among
them
,
and
collects
it
.
This
Court
judges
small
Causes
relating
to
the
Imposts
and
Taxes
.
For
administring
Justice
and
punishing
Criminals
,
there
are
certain
Officers
or
Magistrates
in
every
considerable
Town
(
who
are
commonly
Lawyers
)
appointed
by
the
King
;
they
have
different
Titles
,
being
in
some
places
called
Bailiffs
,
in
others
Provosts
,
and
in
others
Seneschals
,
but
their
Power
and
Duty
is
much
the
same
.
The
Pursuing
and
Seizing
of
Criminals
belongs
to
them
:
They
have
Power
also
to
punish
them
,
as
the
Law
directs
,
which
they
did
formerly
definitively
,
but
since
so
many
Parliaments
have
been
instituted
,
Appeals
are
admitted
to
the
Parliament
from
their
Sentence
.
The
District
over
which
they
have
the
Care
is
called
a
Bailliage
,
Provoste
or
Seneschausee
.
There
are
also
in
some
Places
Officers
call'd
Intendants
;
these
are
Men
of
the
Law
,
whom
the
King
sends
into
the
Provinces
or
Generalities
to
give
orders
in
extraordinary
Affairs
.
There
are
Intendants
de
la
Justice
,
Police
and
Finance
.
They
are
also
called
Commissaries
of
Paris
for
executing
the
Kings
Orders
in
such
or
such
a
Generality
.
There
are
a
multitude
of
other
Courts
and
Officers
in
France
,
too
many
to
describe
here
;
what
is
said
is
enough
to
give
the
Reader
a
general
Idea
of
the
Government
,
and
to
explain
the
Terms
of
Generality
,
Election
,
&c.
which
often
occur
in
the
ensuing
Description
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
TAXES
paid
by
the
Common
People
of
France
are
very
large
.
Those
that
are
constant
,
besides
the
extraordinary
ones
in
time
of
War
,
are
of
six
sorts
,
viz.
1.
Tailles
,
a
Sum
paid
yearly
by
every
Housholder
,
according
to
his
Substance
and
Family
;
granted
by
the
Three
Estates
.
2.
Taillons
,
paid
by
the
same
Persons
as
the
Taille
,
and
amounts
to
about
one
third
of
that
;
This
was
first
imposed
by
Henry
II
.
1549.
3.
Subsistance-money
,
a
Duty
imposed
by
this
present
King
for
the
Subsistance
of
the
Soldiers
in
Winter
,
for
which
the
Subject
is
excused
from
Lodging
them
:
It
is
paid
in
the
same
manner
as
the
other
two
.
These
Taxes
are
paid
by
the
Third
Estate
only
,
the
Nobility
and
Clergy
being
exempt
.
4.
The
Customs
upon
Merchandize
Imported
and
Exported
.
5.
The
Gabell
,
or
Excise
upon
Salt
,
which
is
very
high
,
and
the
People
forc'd
to
take
a
certain
quantity
yearly
,
proportionate
to
their
Family
,
and
pay
the
Duty
whether
they
can
consume
it
or
no
.
6.
Smaller
Excises
,
Farms
and
other
Demesns
of
the
Crown
,
to
the
number
of
26
;
all
which
raise
a
vast
Sum
.
The
whole
Revenue
of
the
King
of
France
in
time
of
Peace
hath
been
computed
to
amount
to
more
than
150
Millions
of
Livres
,
or
11
Millions
and
375
thousand
Pounds
Sterling
per
Annum
.
The
Accounts
in
France
are
kept
in
Crowns
,
Livres
,
Solz
and
Deniers
.
12
Deniers
make
a
Sol
or
Sou
,
20
Solz
a
Livre
or
Florin
,
3
Livres
or
60
Solz
make
a
Crown
.
A
French
Crown
is
of
equal
Value
with
Four
Shillings
and
six
Pence
English
;
an
English
Crown
yields
in
France
65
Solz
;
a
Pound
Sterling
yields
13
Livres
,
and
an
English
Guinea
Piece
of
Gold
14
Livres
.
The
other
Monies
of
France
are
a
Double
,
which
is
two
Deniers
;
a
Liard
,
the
fourth
part
of
a
Sol
,
Pieces
of
3½
and
5
Solz
,
the
quarter
and
the
half
Crown
,
the
two
Livre
piece
.
And
of
Gold
,
the
Crown
,
value
5
Livres
14
Solz
,
Lys
de
Or
,
value
7
Livres
10
Solz
,
the
half
Louis
,
the
whole
Louis
d'Or
,
value
11
Livres
,
double
Louis
,
&c.
SECT
.
V.
The
Archbishopricks
,
Bishopricks
,
and
Universities
of
France
.
FOr
the
Government
of
the
Church
,
France
is
divided
into
18
Archbishopricks
,
and
109
Bishopricks
,
viz.
I.
Archbishop
of
Lyons
,
Count
and
Primate
of
France
,
hath
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Autun
,
2
Langres
,
3
Macon
,
and
4
Challon
.
II
.
The
Archbishop
of
Sens
,
Primate
of
France
and
Germany
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Troies
,
2
Auxerre
,
and
3
Nevers
.
III
.
The
Archbishop
of
Paris
,
Duke
and
Peer
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Chartres
,
2
Orleans
,
and
3
Meux
,
IV
.
The
Archbishop
of
Reims
,
Duke
and
Peer
,
Legat
of
the
Holy
See
;
Suffragans
,
The
Bishops
of
1
Soisons
,
2
Laon
,
3
Chaalons
,
4
Noyon
,
5
Beauvais
,
6
Amiens
,
7
Senlis
,
and
8
Boulogne
.
V.
The
Archbishop
of
Rouen
,
Primate
of
Normandy
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Bayeux
,
2
Evreux
,
3
Auranches
,
4
Seez
,
5
Lisieux
,
6
Coutances
.
VI
.
The
Archbishop
of
Tours
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Mans
,
2
Angers
,
3
Renues
,
4
Nantes
,
5
Courn●uaille
,
or
Quimper
,
6
Vannes
,
7
St.
Malo
,
8
S.
Brieu
,
9
Treguier
,
10
S.
Pol
de
Leon
,
11
Dol
.
VII
.
The
Archbishop
of
Bourges
:
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Clermont
,
2
Limoges
,
3
S.
Flour
,
4
le
Puy
,
5
Tulle
.
VIII
.
The
Archbishop
of
Alby
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Castres
,
2
Mende
,
3
Rodez
,
4
Caors
,
5
Vabors
.
IX
.
The
Archbishop
of
Bourdeux
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Poictiers
,
2
Sainctes
,
3
Angoulesme
,
4
Perigueux
,
5
Agen
,
6
Condom
,
7
Sarlat
,
8
Rochelle
,
9
Lucon
.
X.
The
Archbishop
of
Auch
;
Suffragans
;
the
Bishops
of
1
Acqs
,
2
Aire
,
3
Bazas
,
4
Bayonne
,
5
Comminges
,
Linges
,
6
Conserans
,
7
Lectoure
,
8
Mescar
,
9
Oleron
,
10
Tarbes
.
XI
.
The
Archbishop
of
Toulouse
;
Suffragans
;
the
Bishops
of
1
Pamieres
,
2
Mirepoix
,
3
Montauban
,
4
Lavaur
,
5
S.
Papoul
,
6
Lombez
,
7
Rieux
.
XII
.
The
Archbishop
of
Narbonne
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Carcassone
,
2
Alet
,
3
Beziers
,
4
Agde
,
5
Lodeve
,
6
Montpellier
,
7
Nismes
,
8
Usetz
,
9
S.
Pons
,
and
10
Perpignan
.
XIII
.
The
Archbishop
of
Arles
,
Prince
of
Salon
,
and
Mont-Dragon
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Marseilles
,
2
Orange
,
3
S.
Paul
des
trois
Chateaux
,
4
&
Toulon
.
XIV
.
The
Archbishop
of
Aix
in
Provence
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Apt
,
2
Riez
,
3
Frejus
,
4
Gap
,
5
Sisteron
.
XV
.
The
Archbishop
of
Vienne
in
Dauphine
,
Count
and
Primate
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Valence
,
2
Die
,
3
Grenoble
,
4
Viviers
;
as
also
the
Bishop
of
Geneva
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Maurienne
in
Savoy
.
XVI
.
The
Archbishop
of
Bezancon
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishop
of
Belley
in
Beugey
,
together
with
the
Bishops
of
Basil
and
Lausanne
in
Switzerland
.
XVII
.
The
Archbishop
of
Ambrun
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Digne
,
2
Gland●ve
,
3
Vence
,
4
Senez
,
5
Grace
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Nice
in
Savoy
.
XVIII
.
The
Archbishop
of
Cambray
in
French-Flanders
;
Suffragans
,
the
Bishops
of
1
Arras
,
2
Tournay
3
S.
Omar
,
4
Namur
.
In
the
French
Conquests
are
five
other
Bishops
,
who
are
Suffragans
to
Archbishops
of
other
Nations
,
viz.
The
Bishop
of
Strasburg
to
the
Archbishop
of
Mentz
.
The
Bishops
of
Mets
,
Toul
and
Verdun
,
to
the
Archbishop
of
Spires
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Helene
in
Rousillon
,
to
the
Archbishop
of
Tarragone
in
Spain
.
These
Prelates
enjoy
very
large
Revenues
and
have
under
their
Care
above
Thirty
thousand
Parishes
,
and
a
vast
number
of
Monasteries
,
which
are
all
very
richly
endowed
.
For
the
Propagation
of
Learning
,
there
are
Twenty
one
Universities
established
in
France
,
viz.
-
At
Paris
-
Toulouze
in
Languedoc
.
-
Bourdeaux
in
Guienne
.
-
Poitiers
in
in
Poictu
.
-
Orleans
.
-
Bourges
in
Berry
.
-
Anjers
in
Anjou
.
-
Caen
in
Normandy
.
-
Montpellier
in
Langued
.
-
Cahors
in
Quercy
.
-
Nantes
in
Bretaigne
.
-
Reims
in
Champaigne
.
-
Valence
in
Dauphine
.
-
Aix
in
Provence
.
-
At
Avignon
in
the
County
of
Avignon
.
-
Pont
a
Mauson
in
Lorraine
.
-
Perpignan
in
Rousillon
.
-
Douay
in
Flanders
.
-
Dole
in
the
County
of
Burgundy
.
-
Friburg
in
Frisgau
.
-
Orange
in
that
Principality
.
-
Arles
,
an
Academy
.
SECT
.
VI
.
Of
the
Extents
of
the
French
Dominions
,
and
the
Acquisitions
of
the
present
King
.
GReat
part
of
the
present
Dominions
of
this
Monarchy
,
were
formerly
divided
among
many
Princes
.
Normandy
,
Aquitain
and
Anjou
,
were
for
some
time
subject
to
the
Kings
of
England
.
Bretaigne
was
subject
to
its
own
Dukes
,
till
A.
D.
1484.
The
Dukes
of
Burgundy
were
powerful
Princes
for
many
Ages
,
and
Lords
of
great
part
of
the
Netherlands
,
besides
the
Burgundies
,
till
A.
D.
1476
,
Charles
the
Warlike
,
being
kill'd
in
Battle
by
the
Switzers
,
Lewis
XI
.
Seized
the
Dutchy
of
Burgundy
:
But
that
Family
enjoyed
the
Earldom
till
the
present
King
took
it
from
the
King
of
Spain
,
A.
D
1668.
but
being
obliged
to
restore
it
at
the
Treaty
of
Aix
la
Chapelle
,
he
re-took
it
.
A.
1674
,
and
both
the
Burgundies
are
now
reckoned
part
of
France
.
Many
little
Principalities
and
Lordships
were
made
Hereditary
to
certain
Families
,
by
Hugh
Capet
,
which
in
time
fell
again
to
the
Crown
,
as
will
be
seen
in
the
ensuing
Description
;
And
when
the
present
King
came
to
the
Crown
,
he
was
in
a
manner
the
only
Sovereign
,
very
few
of
those
Princes
then
remaining
,
and
those
that
were
,
in
time
he
found
means
to
deprive
of
their
Royalties
,
and
render
himself
absolute
,
and
sole
Monarch
of
France
.
Besides
which
,
he
hath
Encroached
upon
his
Neighbours
on
every
side
,
and
hath
by
Purchase
and
Craft
,
more
than
generous
Fighting
,
made
himself
Master
of
the
Province
of
Artois
,
great
part
of
the
Provinces
of
Flanders
,
Hainault
and
Luxemburgh
,
all
the
Duchies
of
Lorrain
and
Bar
,
and
the
other
Dominions
of
that
Prince
,
Alsatia
,
the
County
of
Burgundy
abovementioned
,
&c.
But
the
Reader
may
be
better
informed
herein
by
the
following
account
of
the
Treaties
of
the
Pyrenees
,
Aix
la
Chapelle
and
Nimeguen
,
viz.
By
the
Peace
concluded
in
the
Island
of
Pheasants
,
near
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
A.
D.
1659
,
these
Towns
were
granted
to
the
French
King
,
viz.
In
Artois
,
Arras
,
Hesden
,
Bapaume
,
Bethune
,
Lilers
,
Lens
,
County
of
St.
Pol
,
Terouane
,
and
all
the
Bailiwicks
and
Castleries
of
Artois
,
except
St.
Omer
,
Aire
,
and
their
Dependencies
;
also
Renty
,
if
in
the
dependance
of
Aire
,
else
not
.
In
Flanders
;
Graveline
,
Pas
,
Fort
St.
Philip
,
with
the
Sluce
,
Hannuin
,
Bourburg
,
St.
Venant
.
In
Hainault
;
Landrecy
and
Quesney
,
with
all
their
Bailiwicks
and
dependencies
,
Marienburg
and
Philipville
,
in
Exchange
for
la
Bassee
and
St.
Winoxberg
,
Avenne
.
In
Luxemburg
;
Thionville
,
Montmidy
,
and
Damvilliers
,
the
Provostships
of
Ivoy
,
Chavancy
,
Marville
,
Rocroy
le
Chatelet
,
and
Linchamps
:
So
much
of
the
Counties
of
Rousillon
,
Conflent
and
Cardana
,
as
lye
on
this
side
the
Pyrenean
;
all
the
rest
of
those
Counties
,
together
with
the
Principality
of
Catalonia
,
being
restored
to
the
Spaniard
.
The
upper
and
lower
Alsatia
;
Suntgau
,
the
County
of
Ferette
and
Brisac
,
with
its
Dependencies
,
were
also
granted
to
the
French
.
The
Duke
of
Lorrain
by
this
Treaty
was
restored
to
his
Dominions
,
except
Mionize
.
But
the
French
King
prevail'd
upon
him
to
make
a
Donation
of
them
to
him
at
his
Death
;
by
the
pretence
whereof
,
when
that
Duke
died
,
A.
1675
,
the
French
entred
upon
them
,
and
kept
out
his
Nephew
,
the
late
Duke
of
Lorrain
.
Afterwards
at
the
Treaty
of
Nimeguen
,
at
the
instance
of
the
Emperor
,
the
Duchy
of
Lorrain
was
offer'd
to
be
restored
to
him
,
but
with
condition
,
that
the
French
King
still
keep
the
City
of
Nancy
and
its
Jurisdiction
,
and
also
have
four
Roads
cross
his
Country
,
of
half
a
League
in
breadth
from
Nancy
,
viz.
Into
Alsace
;
to
Vesout
in
the
Franche
Comte
,
to
Metz
,
and
to
St.
Dizier
in
Champaigne
,
together
with
the
Sovereignty
of
all
the
Boroughs
and
Villages
which
lye
in
the
said
Roads
of
half
a
Leagu's
breadth
;
as
also
the
Provostship
of
Longui
,
and
its
Dependencies
,
for
which
he
was
to
exchange
another
Provostship
of
like
value
;
by
which
means
the
French
retain'd
half
Lorrain
,
besides
all
the
Duchy
of
Barr
,
the
County
of
Clermont
,
and
other
Dominions
of
that
Prince
.
But
these
Conditions
were
look'd
upon
by
the
young
Duke
as
too
hard
,
especially
since
the
French
King
had
promis'd
him
his
whole
Country
;
so
that
after
much
time
in
endeavouring
to
obtain
better
Terms
,
the
Peace
was
concluded
without
including
him
;
and
the
French
still
possess
the
whole
Country
.
By
the
Peace
of
Aix
la
Chapelle
,
or
Aken
,
in
the
Duchy
of
Juliers
in
Germany
,
A.
D.
1668.
It
was
agreed
,
That
the
French
King
should
enjoy
the
Fortress
of
Charleroy
,
the
Towns
of
Binch
,
Aeth
,
Doway
,
Tournay
,
Oudenard
,
Lisle
,
Armentiers
,
Courtray
,
Bergues
and
Furnes
,
and
the
whole
extent
of
their
Territories
,
with
the
entire
Sovereignty
thereof
.
By
the
Peace
concluded
at
Nimeguen
with
the
King
of
Spain
,
A.
1678.
the
Franche
Comte
,
or
County
of
Burgundy
,
with
all
the
Towns
and
Places
thereon
depending
,
was
granted
to
the
French
King
;
as
also
the
Towns
of
Valenciennes
and
Bouchain
,
with
their
dependencies
;
the
Town
and
County
of
Cambray
,
Air
,
St.
Omer
,
Menin
,
Conde
and
Ypres
,
and
their
dependencies
.
Warwick
and
Warneton
on
the
Lys
.
Poperinghen
,
Bailleul
,
Mont
Cassel
,
Bavay
and
Meubeuge
,
with
their
dependencies
.
And
also
the
Town
of
Dinant
.
And
by
the
same
Treaty
the
French
restored
these
Towns
,
viz.
Charleroy
,
Ghent
,
Oudenard
,
Courtray
,
Binch
,
Aeth
,
St.
Ghislain
,
Lewe
,
Limburg
,
and
its
Duchy
;
the
Country
of
Waes
,
and
all
the
dependencies
of
every
of
them
in
the
Netherlands
;
and
Puicerday
in
Cerdaigne
,
on
the
Frontiers
of
Catalonia
,
to
the
Spaniards
.
And
to
the
Dutch
,
Maestricht
.
And
by
the
Treaty
with
the
Emperor
at
the
same
place
,
A.
1679.
The
Town
and
Citadel
of
Friburg
in
Brisgaw
,
with
the
Villages
of
Lehn
,
Mathausen
and
Kirkzart
,
and
their
Liberties
,
as
also
a
Passage
from
Brisac
to
Friburg
,
were
granted
to
the
French
;
and
in
return
,
Philipsburg
was
restored
to
the
Bishop
of
Spire
.
Soon
after
this
Peace
,
viz.
A.
1680.
the
French
took
Strasburg
,
which
they
still
hold
,
together
with
the
greatest
part
of
its
Bishoprick
.
And
A.
1684.
they
took
the
City
of
Luxemburg
,
and
a
great
part
of
that
Duchy
.
And
now
once
more
hath
this
Monarch
for
his
Glory
,
kindled
the
flame
of
War
in
Europe
,
which
he
began
by
the
Siege
of
Philipsburg
in
the
Month
of
September
,
1688
,
and
took
it
on
the
first
of
November
following
.
Since
when
his
Armies
have
most
barbarously
Ravag'd
and
destroyed
the
Palatinate
,
took
and
destroy'd
the
Cities
of
Hidelberg
,
Spires
,
and
Wormes
.
And
in
the
Netherlands
they
have
taken
the
Cities
of
Mons
and
Nausur
,
and
the
Fortress
of
Charleroy
:
And
in
Savoy
,
Nissa
,
Susa
,
Montmellian
,
and
Villa
Franca
.
But
the
Grandeur
of
this
haughty
Monarch
seems
to
be
now
past
its
Meridian
,
for
many
of
the
Princes
of
Europe
Headed
by
his
Sacred
Majesty
of
Great
Britain
,
are
in
Arms
against
him
,
by
which
(
as
they
have
hitherto
bridled
and
stopped
the
furious
course
his
Armies
have
been
used
to
)
it
is
not
to
be
doubted
but
they
will
be
able
to
bring
him
down
,
and
force
him
to
restore
what
he
hath
by
Violence
and
Fraud
Ravish'd
from
his
Neighbours
.
The
French
have
also
Dominions
in
America
;
as
Canada
or
New-France
,
upon
the
Continent
;
also
Colonies
,
in
New-found-land
,
Martinico
,
St.
Christophers
,
and
other
Islands
,
&c.
The
Division
of
France
.
THis
Kingdom
is
divided
into
Twelve
Governments
,
Four
of
which
lye
to
the
North
,
Four
in
the
middle
,
and
Four
to
the
South
,
viz.
To
the
North
,
NORMANDY
,
PICARDY
,
●he
ISLE
of
FRANCE
and
CHAMPAIGNE
.
In
the
Middle
BRETAIGNE
,
ORLEANNOIS
,
BURGUNDY
and
LYONNOIS
.
To
the
South
,
GUIENNE
,
LANGUEDOC
,
DAUPHINE
and
PROVENCE
.
The
Sub-divisions
whereof
are
as
follows
.
viz.
-
Normandy
is
divided
into
7
Diocesses
.
-
Diocess
of
Rouen
in
4
Counties
-
Vexin-Normand
-
Rouanois
-
Caux
-
Bray
.
-
Diocess
of
Lisieux
-
Bayeux
-
Coutance
-
Auranches
.
-
Picardy
into
nine
Countries
.
-
Diocess
of
Seez
-
Diocess
Euvreux
-
Amienois
-
Ponthieu
-
Vimeux
-
Boulonnois
-
Santerre
-
Vermandois
-
Tiarache
-
Pays
re-conquis
-
The
Isle
of
France
into
10.
-
Isle
of
France
,
Properly
so
calle
.
-
Brie
Francoise
-
Hurepois
-
Gatinois
-
Myntois
-
Vexin
Francois
-
Beauvaisis
-
Valois
-
Soissonois
-
Laonnois
-
Champaigne
into
8
Countries
.
-
Champaigne
proper
-
Remois
-
Perthois
-
Rethelois
-
Vallage
-
Bassigni
-
Senonois
-
Brie
Charpenoise
-
Bretagne
into
2
parts
.
-
The
Upper
into
5
bishopricks
.
-
Rennes
-
Nantes
-
St.
Malo
-
Dol
-
Brieux
-
The
Lower
into
4.
-
Treguier
-
S.
Paul
de
Leon
-
Quimper
corentim
-
Vannes
.
-
The
Islands
of
-
Ouessant
-
Belle
Isle
.
-
Orleanois
into
14
Countries
.
-
Orleanois
proper
-
La
Beauce
-
Le
Blaisois
-
Le
Perche
-
Le
Maine
-
Anjou
-
Poictou
-
The
Country
of
Aunis
-
Angoumois
-
Touraine
-
Gatinois
-
Berri
-
Nivernois
-
The
Islands
-
Burgundy
into
2.
-
The
Dutchy
into
13
Countries
.
-
Dijonnois
-
Autunois
-
Chalonnois
-
Mountainouns
C.
-
Auxois
-
Auxerrois
-
Charolois
-
Briennois
-
Macannois
-
Bresse
-
Bagey
-
Bailliage
of
Gex
-
Princip
.
of
Dombes
-
The
County
into
3.
-
Bailliage
of
Milieu
-
Amont
-
Aval
.
-
Lionois
into
6.
Countries
.
-
Lionois
proper
-
Forets
-
Beaujolois
-
Bourbonnois
-
Auvergne
-
La
Marche
-
Guienne
into
18.
-
Guienne
proper
-
Bazadois
-
Agenois
-
Condomois
-
Xaintongue
-
Perigord
-
Limosin
-
Quercy
-
Rovergne
-
Gascogne
proper
,
or
Armagnac
-
Chalosse
-
The
Landes
-
Terre
de
Labour
-
The
lower
Navarre
-
Bearn
-
Bigorre
-
Comminge
-
Conserans
-
Languedoc
into
11.
-
Toulousan
-
Albigeois
-
Lauragais
-
County
of
Foix
-
Rousillon
-
Quarter
of
Narbonne
-
Besiers
-
Nimes
-
Cevennes
in
3.
-
Vivarets
-
Givauden
-
Velay
-
Dauphine
into
9.
-
Gresivaudan
-
Diois
-
Baronies
-
Gapencois
-
Ambrunois
-
Brianconnois
-
Vinnois
-
Valentinois
-
Tricastin
-
Provence
into
13
Diocesses
1
Principality
,
1
County
&
4
Islands
.
-
Diocess
of
Aix
-
Riez
-
Senez
-
Digne
-
Arles
-
Marseille
-
Toulon
-
Frejus
-
Grace
-
Vence
-
Glandeve
-
Cisteron
-
Apt
-
County
of
Venaissin
-
Principality
of
Orange
-
Islands
-
Of
Martegue
in
4.
-
Martegue
prop.
-
Pomegue
-
Paulet
-
Passon
-
Stecacades
into
5.
-
Ribaudon
-
Ribaudas
-
Titan
-
Porqueyroles
-
Portecros
-
Lerin
into
2.
-
S.
Margaret
-
S.
Honorat
.
-
Chateau
Dif
.
CHAP.
II
.
NORMANDY
,
Normania
.
THIS
Province
was
under
the
Romans
,
part
of
the
Lugdunensis
in
Gallia
Celtica
;
and
when
reduc'd
by
the
French
,
was
part
of
their
Kingdom
called
Neustria
;
to
which
also
Picardy
,
Champaigne
,
and
part
of
the
Belgium
belonged
.
But
this
part
was
ravished
from
them
by
some
of
those
Northern
People
,
that
for
many
years
infested
all
the
Coasts
hereabouts
,
and
in
the
Reign
of
Charles
the
Simple
,
forced
him
to
grant
it
to
them
:
after
which
it
was
called
NORMANDY
,
and
Govern'd
by
its
own
Dukes
descending
from
Rollo
,
who
were
powerful
Princes
,
and
often
maintained
Wars
with
the
Kings
of
France
.
Of
these
William
,
sirnamed
the
Bastard
,
invaded
England
,
upon
a
right
he
pretended
to
that
Crown
after
the
death
of
Edward
the
Confessor
;
and
by
his
Valour
defeated
Harold
who
had
Usurped
the
Crown
;
and
by
his
prudent
management
obtained
the
Government
,
and
Reigned
Twenty
years
King
of
England
.
Afterwards
this
Province
was
part
of
the
English
Dominions
for
several
Ages
,
the
History
whereof
is
too
long
for
this
place
.
At
present
it
is
one
of
the
most
Important
Governments
of
France
,
affording
a
large
Revenue
to
the
Prince
by
reason
of
its
situation
on
the
Sea-coasts
,
and
the
fruitfulness
of
its
Soil
It
is
bounded
on
the
North
and
West
by
the
British
Chanel
,
on
the
East
by
the
Isle
of
France
,
and
on
the
South
by
Perce
and
Maine
,
being
extended
from
East
to
West
for
the
space
of
about
160
Miles
,
viz.
from
Aumal●
to
the
Coasts
of
Coutantin
;
and
about
70
Miles
from
South
to
North
.
The
Country
abounds
in
good
Pastures
,
and
is
extreamly
fertile
in
Corn
and
Flax
and
divers
sorts
of
Fruits
,
affording
great
quantities
of
Canvass
,
Cyder
,
and
Beer
,
but
little
Wine
.
There
are
also
Mines
of
Iron
,
together
with
some
of
Copper
,
and
other
Metals
.
Moreover
,
a
considerable
Traffick
is
established
in
these
parts
,
for
Corn
,
Timber
,
Coal
,
Hay
,
Cattle
,
and
Herbs
proper
for
Dying
,
as
Madder
,
Woad
,
&c.
Within
the
Territories
of
this
Government
are
contained
100
Towns
,
150
large
Burghs
,
and
120
Forests
;
as
also
,
one
Archbishoprick
,
16
Suffragan
Bishopricks
,
one
University
,
and
one
Court
of
Parliament
.
It
is
water'd
with
12
principal
Rivers
,
viz.
the
Seine
,
Eure
,
Bresle
,
Touque
,
Dive
,
Orne
,
Vire
,
Selune
,
See
,
Soule
,
Ouve
,
and
Eu
.
Normandy
is
usually
divided
into
the
Upper
and
Lower
,
the
former
comprehending
four
Bailliages
,
viz.
those
of
Rouen
,
Eureux
,
Caux
,
and
Gisori
.
And
the
lower
three
,
namely
,
those
of
Caen
,
Alens●n
,
and
Coutance
.
But
we
shall
distinguish
this
Province
into
the
seven
Diocesses
,
which
are
of
Rouen
,
Lysieux
,
Bayeux
,
Coutance
,
Auranches
,
Seez
,
and
Eureux
.
The
four
first
are
situated
on
the
Coasts
of
the
English
Chanel
,
in
passing
from
East
to
West
;
the
three
other
lie
to
the
South
of
these
,
and
are
seen
in
returning
from
West
to
East
;
according
to
the
order
of
the
ensuing
Table
.
The
Diocess
of
Rouen
Archbishoprick
divided
into
four
Countries
,
viz.
those
of
-
Vexin
Normand
on
the
Banks
of
the
Seine
,
which
contains
,
-
Rouen
Cap.
-
Gisors
,
-
Pont
de
l'Arche
.
-
Roumois
.
-
Caux
.
-
Bray
.
The
Diocess
of
-
Lysieux
,
Bish
.
-
Bayeux
,
B.
-
Coutance
,
B.
-
Auranche
,
B.
-
Seez
,
B.
-
Eureux
,
B.
ROUEN
or
ROAN
,
Rotomagus
aut
Rothomagus
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
Province
,
and
Seat
of
an
Archbishop
,
as
also
of
a
Court
of
Parliament
,
is
seated
on
the
North-side
of
the
River
Seine
,
in
a
Valley
environ'd
with
Hills
and
covered
with
Woods
.
It
is
a
very
considerable
City
,
both
on
the
account
of
the
Wealth
of
its
Inhabitants
and
its
Largeness
,
being
extended
for
the
space
of
seven
Miles
in
compass
.
The
Eastern-side
is
water'd
with
divers
Rivulets
,
which
passing
through
the
Town
cleanse
the
Streets
,
and
after
having
turn'd
a
great
number
of
Water-Mills
fall
into
the
Seine
:
Over
that
River
was
erected
a
most
stately
Stone-bridge
consisting
of
13
Arches
,
but
it
is
now
ruined
,
and
another
of
Boats
of
very
artificial
Structure
,
built
near
it
,
reaching
270
Paces
in
length
;
it
rises
with
the
Tide
and
is
paved
like
a
Street
.
The
City
is
defended
with
an
old
Castle
on
the
Seine
,
but
that
which
stood
on
the
adjacent
Hill
of
St.
Catherine
,
is
now
utterly
ruin'd
.
It
hath
also
good
Walls
(
in
which
are
16
Gates
)
large
Ditches
,
Bulwarks
,
and
Rampiers
;
It
is
inlarged
with
six
very
fair
Suburbs
,
and
hath
in
it
13
Market-places
,
136
Fountains
and
35
Parish-Churches
,
and
adorn'd
with
many
noble
Piles
of
Building
;
and
,
among
others
,
the
Cathedral
Church
,
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
the
Quire
whereof
is
lined
round
about
with
Copper
:
It
hath
three
Towers
of
a
vast
height
,
particularly
that
of
Reuve
,
and
that
of
the
Pyramid
;
the
Spire
of
which
Steeple
only
(
being
made
of
Wood
and
covered
with
gilt
Lead
)
hath
200
Steps
,
and
the
whole
Edifice
above
600.
The
great
Bell
in
it
,
called
George
d'Amboise
,
is
13
foot
high
,
and
weighs
40000
pounds
:
On
the
great
Gate
is
a
Triumphal
Arch
in
Honour
of
King
Henry
IV
.
with
Emblems
of
his
Conquest
over
the
Holy
League
:
The
Body
of
the
Church
is
supported
by
21
Pillars
,
in
which
,
and
in
the
Chapel
,
are
to
be
seen
the
magnificent
Tombs
of
Cardinal
d'Amboise
,
and
of
the
ancient
Dukes
and
Archbishops
;
as
also
,
the
Monument
of
John
Duke
of
Bedford
,
who
was
Regent
of
France
under
our
King
Henry
VI
.
The
other
remarkable
Buildings
are
,
the
Convent
of
the
Cordeliers
,
the
Church
of
the
Jesuits
,
the
old
Palace
or
Castle
,
the
Church
and
Abby
of
St.
Ouen
,
and
the
Palace
of
the
Parliament
,
which
are
very
beautiful
Structures
,
Also
,
the
Archbishop's
Palace
,
called
Gaillon
,
is
a
fair
Building
,
adorn'd
with
fine
Paintings
,
and
pleasant
Gardens
.
Rouen
hath
suffered
many
Calamities
and
Revolutions
,
it
hath
been
almost
entirely
burnt
at
13
or
14
several
times
;
was
taken
by
the
Normans
,
A.C.
841.
the
English
made
themselves
Masters
thereof
in
1418.
and
in
1449.
it
was
surrender'd
to
the
French
King
Charles
VII
.
Afterwards
it
was
storm'd
and
taken
by
the
French
Protestants
,
and
retaken
and
pillaged
under
Charles
IX
.
Anno.
1562.
Anthony
of
Bourbon
,
King
of
Navarre
,
received
a
mortal
Wound
before
it
,
but
his
Son
Henry
IV
.
took
it
in
1594.
King
William
I.
sirnamed
the
Conqueror
died
here
.
It
is
distant
28
Miles
from
Eureux
,
to
the
North
;
34
from
Diepe
to
the
South
;
near
40
from
Beauvois
to
the
West
;
55
from
Amiens
to
the
South-west
,
64
from
Paris
to
the
North-west
,
and
52
from
Havre
de
Grace
.
Pont
de
L'arche
,
Pons
Arcos
,
or
Pons
Arcuensis
,
is
a
strong
place
seated
a
little
below
the
confluence
of
the
Rivers
Seine
and
the
Eure
,
and
10
Miles
above
Rouen
to
the
South
toward
Eureux
.
It
is
strengthened
with
a
Castle
,
and
hath
a
fair
Stone-bridge
over
the
Seine
built
by
King
Charles
the
Bald
.
This
was
the
first
Town
that
surrender'd
it self
to
Henry
IV
.
after
his
Accession
to
the
Crown
,
in
1589.
It
is
a
place
of
Importance
,
and
hath
a
particular
Governor
.
Gisors
,
Gisirium
,
Caesortium
,
aut
Coesorotium
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Este
,
which
divides
Normandy
from
Picardy
,
and
is
fenced
with
a
Fort
now
half
ruin'd
;
it
is
the
capital
of
a
Bailiage
,
and
is
distant
40
Miles
from
Paris
to
the
North-west
,
28
from
Rouen
,
17
from
Mante
to
the
North
,
and
13
from
Beauvais
to
the
South-west
.
In
the
Territory
of
ROUMOIS
are
situated
some
small
Towns
and
Villages
,
particularly
Quillebeuf
,
at
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Seine
,
and
30
Miles
from
Rouen
to
the
West
,
and
Montfort
;
but
neither
of
these
places
are
very
considerable
.
The
Country
of
Canx
,
lies
to
the
North
part
of
the
Vexin
Normand
,
taking
up
the
Northern
and
Western
parts
of
Normandy
on
the
North
side
of
the
Seine
,
and
including
a
Bailliage
of
Parliament
,
together
with
these
principal
Towns
,
viz.
-
Diepe
.
Capital
.
-
Havre
de
Grace
.
-
Caudebec
.
-
St.
Valery
.
-
Eu
.
-
Aumale
.
DIEPE
,
Deppa
,
and
Depa
,
is
a
noted
Sea-port
Town
on
the
Shore
of
the
British
Sea
,
at
the
distance
of
35
Miles
from
Rouen
to
the
North
,
and
52
from
Havre
de
Grace
to
the
East
.
It
is
seated
at
the
foot
of
the
Mountains
,
and
at
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Arques
,
which
falling
into
the
Sea
makes
the
Haven
;
it
is
fortified
with
Bulwarks
to
the
Sea
,
with
a
Fortress
at
the
Suburb
called
Pollet
,
and
a
Castle
;
which
,
together
with
the
craggy
Mountains
that
lie
on
the
South
make
it
a
place
of
good
strength
;
and
as
such
it
was
chosen
by
King
Henry
IV
.
for
his
Head
Quarters
when
he
was
opposed
by
the
League
at
his
Accession
to
the
Crown
.
The
Town
is
reasonably
large
and
well
built
,
and
is
Inhabited
by
Sea-faring
Men
,
who
are
reckon'd
very
expert
in
Maritime
Affairs
:
Mechanicks
,
that
make
curious
Works
in
Ivory
,
and
Merchants
,
who
make
considerable
Traffick
to
foreign
Parts
,
especially
Newfoundland
in
America
.
Its
Inhabitants
were
mostly
Protestants
till
the
late
Persecutions
.
The
Haven
is
narrow
but
very
long
,
and
will
receive
Ships
of
great
Burthen
;
but
,
by
reason
of
its
straitness
,
is
of
difficult
access
.
This
Town
hath
been
often
taken
and
retaken
in
the
Wars
between
the
French
and
English
.
And
in
the
last
year
1694.
was
almost
totally
destroyed
by
the
Bombs
that
were
shot
into
it
from
the
English
Fleet
commanded
by
the
Lord
Berkeley
HAVRE
de
GRACE
,
Portus
Gratiae
,
is
a
strong
Sea-port
Town
at
the
Mouth
of
the
Seine
between
Harfleur
and
Fescamp
,
50
Miles
below
Rouen
to
the
West
,
40
from
Caen
to
the
East
,
and
20
from
Lisieux
to
the
North
.
It
is
a
pleasant
and
well-built
Town
,
and
a
place
of
good
Trade
,
several
Merchants
inhabiting
here
that
Trade
to
Newfoundland
and
other
places
.
Francis
I.
and
Henry
II
.
fortified
this
Town
to
defend
it
from
the
Incursions
of
the
English
;
to
which
Lewis
XIII
.
added
a
Citadel
,
which
is
flanked
with
four
Royal
Bastions
.
In
the
Reign
of
Charles
IX
.
it
was
seized
by
the
Protestants
,
and
by
them
delivered
over
to
Queen
Elizabeth
in
1562.
for
the
Assistance
she
gave
them
.
But
the
next
year
it
was
vigorously
besieged
by
the
French
,
and
as
couragiously
defended
by
the
English
under
the
Earl
of
Warwick
;
but
by
reason
of
a
Pestilence
in
the
Town
,
they
were
forced
to
surrender
on
the
17th
of
July
1563.
and
return
home
.
This
Town
also
was
almost
wholly
destroyed
by
the
Fire
of
the
English
Bombs
the
same
year
,
1694.
Harfleur
,
a
small
Sea-port
Town
,
stands
at
the
mouth
of
the
Seine
,
five
Miles
from
Havre
de
Grace
to
the
East
.
It
was
once
a
considerable
Port
,
but
Havre
de
Grace
being
found
more
convenient
,
this
is
now
neglected
.
Caudebec
,
Caledobecum
,
is
seated
near
the
Bar
or
Mouth
of
the
Seine
,
where
that
River
meets
the
Sea-water
,
24
Miles
below
Rouen
toward
Havre
de
Grace
.
It
is
remarkable
on
the
account
of
its
divers
sorts
of
Manufactures
,
especially
Hats
,
which
bear
the
name
of
the
place
,
and
are
much
esteem'd
in
England
and
elsewhere
.
EU
,
Auga
seu
Augum
&
Eusium
,
is
seated
in
the
midst
of
pleasant
Meadows
,
and
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Brele
which
separates
Normandy
from
Picardy
,
between
Diepe
and
S.
Valery
,
at
the
distance
of
one
League
from
the
Sea
,
10
Miles
from
Diepe
to
the
East
,
and
20
from
Abbeville
to
the
West
.
It
is
adorned
with
a
stately
Castle
,
an
Abbey
and
a
College
of
Jesuits
;
it
gives
Title
to
a
Count
and
Peer
of
France
,
which
hath
been
enjoy'd
by
several
illustrious
Families
.
S.
Valery
,
Fanum
sancti
Valeri
,
stands
on
the
Coasts
of
the
British
Sea
,
between
Soreville
and
Veuleres
,
35
Miles
from
Rouen
to
the
North
,
and
16
from
Diepe
to
the
West
.
Aumale
,
Albamala
,
called
Albemarle
by
the
English
,
stands
near
the
Spring-head
of
the
River
Russine
in
the
Lower
Normandy
,
and
enjoys
the
Titles
of
a
County
and
Dutchy
:
It
is
distant
36
Miles
from
Rouen
to
the
N.
E.
20
from
Abbeville
to
the
South
,
and
23
from
Beauvais
to
the
North
.
Near
Caudebec
stands
the
Village
Yvetot
,
which
hath
the
Title
of
a
Principality
,
and
as
some
say
,
formerly
a
Kingdom
.
Longueville
10
Miles
South
from
Diepe
,
and
Estoutville
15
Miles
from
Longueville
give
the
Titles
of
Dukes
to
two
Peers
of
France
,
but
otherwise
not
considerable
.
The
County
of
BRAY
is
extended
on
the
right
side
of
the
River
Seine
,
and
contains
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Gournay
,
Cap.
-
Fleri
.
-
La
Ferte
,
&c.
GOURNAY
,
Gornacum
,
is
a
small
Town
on
the
River
Epte
,
distant
12
Miles
from
Gisors
,
and
three
from
Neuf-Marche
to
the
North
.
The
Diocess
of
LYSIEUX
lies
between
those
of
Rouen
,
Eureux
,
and
Seez
,
and
the
Ocean
.
-
Lisieux
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Honfleur
,
-
Pont-l
'
Eveque
.
-
Bernay
,
&c.
LYSIEUX
,
Lexovium
,
aut
Noviomagus
Lexoviorum
,
a
fair
and
large
City
,
being
the
See
of
a
Prelate
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Rouen
,
is
situated
in
a
very
beautiful
Country
in
the
Upper
Normandy
,
and
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Lizon
,
at
the
distance
of
15
Miles
from
the
Coasts
of
the
British
Chanel
to
the
South
,
46
from
Rouen
to
the
West
,
and
35
from
Caen
to
the
East
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
dedicated
to
St.
Peter
.
This
See
is
of
ancient
Foundation
,
for
Lotharius
Bishop
of
Lysieux
is
found
among
the
Bishops
that
assisted
at
the
first
Council
of
Orleans
,
held
A.
D.
511
as
did
also
Theobald
at
the
Third
Council
of
Orleans
,
in
A.
D.
538.
Henfleur
,
Honflorium
,
stands
on
the
Coasts
of
the
British
Sea
,
at
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Seine
,
over-against
Harfleur
,
from
whence
it
is
distant
8
miles
to
the
South
,
as
also
8
from
Havre
de
Grace
.
Pont
L'eveque
,
Pons
Episcopi
,
is
Watered
by
the
small
River
of
Lezon
,
8
miles
below
Lysieux
to
the
North
,
toward
Havre
de
Grace
,
and
5
from
the
Sea
.
This
Town
is
more
especially
famous
for
a
sort
of
excellent
Cheese
made
in
it
.
Berna
,
Bernascum
,
is
built
on
the
side
of
the
Rivulet
of
Carentonne
,
almost
in
the
midst
,
between
Evreux
to
the
East
,
and
Lisieux
to
the
West
,
at
the
distance
of
25
miles
from
both
these
Towns
,
and
26
from
Caudebec
to
the
South
.
The
Diocess
of
BAYEUX
,
lyes
between
the
Ocean
and
those
of
Coutance
,
Sees
and
Lisieux
,
including
these
chief
Towns
,
viz.
-
Bayeux
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Caen
.
-
Vire
.
-
Torigni
,
&c.
BAYEUX
Baiocae
,
Baiocum
and
Baiocensis
Urbs
,
olim
Biducassel
,
Biducassum
and
Juliobona
,
is
Seated
on
the
River
Aure
,
which
a
little
below
is
swallow'd
up
under
Ground
.
It
is
distant
17
miles
from
Caen
to
the
West
,
35
from
Coutance
to
the
N.
E.
and
but
5
from
the
Shore
of
the
British
Sea
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
very
ancient
City
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
County
,
Bailiage
,
and
Episcopal
See
;
and
its
Bishop
presides
in
the
General
Assemblies
of
the
Clergy
of
the
Province
,
during
the
Absence
of
the
Archbishop
of
Rouen
.
The
Cathedral
Church
Dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
is
extreamly
Magnificent
,
and
Beautiful
with
two
high
Spire-Steeples
,
besides
a
stately
Tower
.
The
City
is
divided
into
the
Upper
,
and
the
Lower
or
the
Suburbs
of
St.
John
;
whereto
are
joyned
those
of
St
,
George
and
St.
Patrick
.
It
hath
been
often
Pillag'd
and
Ruin'd
in
the
X.
and
XI
.
Centuries
,
by
the
Incursions
of
the
Normans
,
and
other
barbarous
Nations
.
CAEN
,
Cadmus
,
aut
Cadomum
,
is
a
large
and
well
built
City
in
the
lower
Normandy
,
having
received
its
Name
(
according
to
the
Opinion
of
some
Authors
)
from
Caius
Caesar
,
as
the
Latin
word
Cadomus
,
a
Cai
Domus
seems
to
import
,
in
regard
this
Emperor
resided
here
for
some
time
,
whilst
he
made
preparations
to
pass
into
England
.
It
is
situated
on
the
River
Orne
,
and
divided
by
its
streams
into
the
upper
and
lower
Towns
,
between
which
there
is
a
Communication
,
by
the
means
of
the
Bridges
of
St.
James
and
St.
Pet●r
,
on
the
latter
whereof
is
erected
a
stately
Town-House
,
adorn'd
with
four
large
Towers
.
The
upper
Town
is
fenced
with
a
Castle
built
on
a
Rock
,
very
well
fortified
;
the
lower
altogether
incompassed
with
Water
.
It
is
a
place
of
good
Trade
,
Boats
of
good
burden
being
able
to
come
up
from
the
Sea
to
the
Bridge
of
St.
James
,
King
Charles
VII
.
Founded
an
University
here
,
A
D.
1430
,
or
1431
which
is
become
Famous
;
also
a
Mint-Office
about
the
same
time
.
An
Academy
of
Ingenious
Men
hath
been
Establish'd
about
twenty
five
years
ago
.
It
is
believed
that
the
second
Council
which
Maurice
Archbishop
of
Rouen
Celebrated
,
A.
D.
1063
,
was
held
at
Caen
,
in
the
Presence
of
William
,
Surnamed
the
Conquerour
,
King
of
England
,
and
Duke
of
Normandy
,
who
was
interr'd
in
the
Abby
of
St.
Stephen
in
this
City
,
which
he
had
founded
.
This
City
is
distant
74
Miles
from
Roan
to
the
West
,
30
from
Lisieux
,
and
15
from
Bayeux
to
the
East
.
Vire
,
Vira
,
is
a
very
neat
Town
,
Founded
on
the
Banks
of
a
small
River
of
the
same
Name
,
about
33
Miles
from
Caen
to
the
South-West
,
somewhat
less
from
Coutance
to
the
East
,
and
as
many
from
the
Coast
of
the
British
Sea
to
the
South
.
Torigny
,
Toriniacum
,
Tauriniacum
,
is
a
small
Town
near
the
same
River
of
Vire
,
being
distant
15
Miles
from
that
Town
to
the
North
,
and
33
from
Coutance
to
the
East
.
The
Diocess
of
COUTANCE
lies
in
the
lower
Normandy
,
between
Bayeux
,
Auranches
,
and
the
Western
Ocean
.
The
Principal
Towns
whereof
are
these
,
viz.
-
Coutance
Bish
.
Cap.
-
S.
Lo
.
-
Granville
.
-
Carentain
.
-
Barfleur
.
-
Cherbourg
.
-
Valogne
.
COUTANCE
,
or
Constance
,
Castra
Constantia
,
aut
Casedae
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
Country
called
from
thence
Le
Contantin
,
is
a
Bailiage
,
a
Presidial
,
and
the
See
of
a
Bishop
Suffragan
to
Roan
,
Seated
on
the
River
Burd
,
at
the
distance
of
7
miles
from
the
Sea
over
against
the
Isle
Jersey
to
the
East
;
52
miles
from
Caen
to
the
West
,
and
22
from
Auranches
to
the
North
.
The
Aqueducts
found
in
the
Adjacent
Territories
of
this
City
are
a
sufficient
mark
of
its
Antiquity
;
and
the
pleasant
Meadows
watered
with
a
great
number
of
Brooks
,
with
which
it
is
encompassed
,
render
its
Situation
very
delightful
.
It
is
pretty
large
and
Populous
,
and
adorn'd
with
many
stately
Edifices
,
particularly
the
Cathedral
Church
,
the
Churches
of
St.
Peter
and
of
St.
Nicholas
,
divers
Monasteries
,
a
Colledge
Founded
by
John
Michael
,
a
Canon
of
this
Diocess
,
&c.
King
Lewis
XI
.
caused
the
Walls
of
Coutance
to
be
demolish'd
,
because
the
Inhabitants
had
declared
in
favour
of
Prince
Charles
his
Brother
;
and
under
the
same
Reign
it
was
exposed
to
the
Incursions
of
the
Bretons
.
It
suffered
much
likewise
during
the
English
Wars
,
and
was
taken
by
the
French
Protestants
,
A.
D.
1562.
Granville
,
Grandivilla
,
aut
Magnavilla
,
a
good
Seaport
,
stands
partly
on
a
Rock
,
partly
in
a
plain
,
on
the
Coasts
of
the
British
Chanel
,
17
miles
S.
from
from
the
Island
of
Jersey
;
as
also
16
from
Coutance
to
the
South
,
16
from
Auranches
to
N.
w
,
and
13
from
Mont
St.
Michael
to
the
North
.
Carentan
,
Carentonium
is
built
in
a
Marsny
Ground
on
the
side
of
the
River
Ouve
,
where
it
receives
the
Carentan
or
Carente
,
being
distant
25
miles
from
Bayeux
,
to
the
W.
20
from
Coutance
to
the
S.
and
only
3
from
the
Sea
;
insomuch
that
Vessels
of
the
largest
size
arrive
there
at
high
Tides
.
It
hath
large
Suburbs
,
a
strong
Castle
,
and
firm
Walls
,
and
environed
with
Ditches
full
of
Water
.
This
Town
bears
the
Title
of
a
County
,
and
hath
been
subject
to
divers
revolutions
in
the
preceeding
Age
.
Cherbourg
,
Caroburgus
,
aut
Caesaris
Burgus
,
is
seated
on
the
Sea-coasts
between
the
Cape
La
Hogue
and
Harfleur
,
and
hath
a
very
Capacious
Harbour
,
at
the
distance
of
32
miles
from
Coutance
to
the
N.
and
24
from
Carentan
to
the
N.
W.
In
this
place
was
formerly
made
admirable
Glass
,
which
for
clearness
and
beauty
even
excels
that
of
Venice
;
but
the
Work-houses
have
been
lately
remov'd
for
certain
reasons
of
State
,
to
Auxerre
in
Burgundy
,
and
these
Glasses
are
polish'd
in
the
Fauxbourg
St.
Antoine
at
Paris
.
The
Town
of
Cherburgh
was
the
last
of
the
Province
that
remained
to
the
English
,
and
fell
into
the
Hands
of
the
French
under
Charles
VII
.
in
1453
It
is
very
strong
by
reason
of
its
Situation
,
(
the
Sea
flowing
almost
round
it
every
Tide
,
)
and
its
Fortifications
lately
erected
.
Valognes
,
Valoniae
,
olim
Alaune
,
is
a
small
Town
on
the
River
Ovue
,
in
the
Country
of
Coutantin
,
being
distant
10
miles
from
the
Coasts
of
the
British
Sea
,
14
from
Cherbourg
to
the
East
,
and
30
from
Coutance
to
the
North
.
Barfleur
,
a
small
Town
on
the
Sea-shoar
,
10
miles
from
Valognes
to
the
North
.
It
was
formerly
the
Landing-place
of
our
Kings
that
were
Masters
of
that
Province
.
And
hath
of
late
been
made
known
by
a
very
signal
Victory
the
English
Fleet
,
commanded
by
Admiral
Russel
,
obtained
over
that
of
France
,
Commanded
by
Tourville
,
May
1692.
LA
HOGUE
,
a
small
Sea-Town
on
the
North-west
point
of
Normandy
,
thence
called
Cape
la
Hogue
,
which
hath
been
made
notable
to
Posterity
by
the
bravery
of
the
English
Seamen
,
who
after
the
above
mentioned
Victory
in
1692
,
did
attack
and
burn
the
French
Admiral
,
call'd
the
Royal
Sun
,
(
a
very
Glorious
and
large
Ship
)
and
twelve
more
of
their
best
and
largest
Men
of
War
;
which
had
been
run
aground
here
to
avoid
the
English
Fleet
,
and
the
Canon
carried
a
shoar
and
planted
upon
the
plat-forms
for
their
defence
;
notwithstanding
which
,
the
English
under
Sir
Ralph
Delaval
,
did
in
their
Boats
burn
them
all
as
abovesaid
.
This
Cape
is
about
15
miles
North
from
Cherbourg
.
The
Diocess
of
AURANCHES
lyes
between
those
of
Coutance
,
Bayeux
and
Seez
,
in
the
most
Western
and
Southern
parts
of
the
lower
Normandy
.
Its
most
remarkable
Towns
are
these
.
-
Auranches
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Mont
St.
Michael
.
-
Mortain
.
-
Pont
Orson
.
AURANCHES
,
Abrincae
,
olim
Legedia
and
Ingena
Abrincataurum
,
stands
upon
a
Hill
on
the
side
of
the
River
See
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Sea
,
being
distant
22
miles
from
Coutance
to
the
South
,
37
from
St.
Malo
to
the
East
,
and
47
from
Bayeux
to
the
S.
W.
It
is
a
place
of
very
great
Antiquity
,
and
(
as
it
is
supposed
)
was
inhabited
by
the
Ambiliates
,
a
People
mentioned
by
Caesar
in
his
Commentaries
.
Its
extent
is
not
very
large
,
but
it
is
however
a
Bailiwick
and
Vicounty
,
and
hath
in
it
besides
the
Cathedral
,
several
Parish-Churches
and
Monasteries
.
It
is
well
Fortified
with
a
strong
Castle
and
other
Bulwarks
.
Theodia
and
Albert
,
Cardinals
and
Legates
of
the
See
of
Rome
,
held
a
Council
or
Assembly
in
this
City
,
by
the
special
Order
of
Pope
Alexander
III
.
to
take
information
concerning
the
Murderes
of
Thomas
a
Becket
,
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
;
and
Henry
II
.
King
of
England
was
thereupon
oblig'd
to
clear
himself
by
an
Oath
from
the
Accusations
laid
to
his
charge
.
The
Bishoprick
was
erected
by
Clovis
the
Great
,
Mont
St.
Michael
,
Mons
Sancti
Michaelis
in
Periculo
Maris
,
is
a
large
Town
,
together
with
a
famous
Abby
,
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
,
built
at
the
foot
of
a
Rock
,
which
was
heretofore
a
Mountain
encompassed
with
Forests
,
with
the
Seat
of
certain
Hermits
.
This
Rock
stands
in
the
midst
of
a
large
sandy
Shoar
,
or
Strand
,
which
is
cover'd
with
the
Sea-water
at
high
tide
.
There
goes
a
Fabulous
Story
,
that
St.
Michael
the
Arch-Angel
appeared
A.
D.
708
to
Albert
Bishop
of
Auranche
,
admonishing
him
to
cause
a
Church
to
be
erected
on
the
top
of
this
Rock
,
and
Consecrated
to
his
Name
,
whose
Orders
were
soon
put
in
execution
by
the
Reverend
Prelate
,
and
Augustin
Bishop
of
the
same
Diocess
in
the
begining
of
the
VIII
.
Century
,
constituted
Canons
to
Officiate
therein
;
afterward
,
viz.
in
966
Richard
I.
Duke
of
Normandy
,
founded
an
Abby
of
the
Benedictine
Order
;
and
his
Son
Richard
the
II
.
Surnamed
the
Undaunted
,
finished
the
Church
in
1026.
This
place
is
famous
for
the
frequent
resort
of
Pilgrims
,
and
on
the
account
of
the
great
quantities
of
Salt
extracted
out
of
the
Sands
that
are
impregnated
with
Sea-water
.
Mortain
,
Moritanium
,
is
seated
near
the
River
Ardee
,
on
the
Frontiers
of
the
Province
of
Maine
,
being
about
7
miles
distant
from
thence
,
and
14
from
Vire
to
the
South
.
This
Town
is
the
seat
of
a
Bailiff
,
and
enjoys
the
title
of
a
County
or
Earldom
,
which
Henry
I.
King
of
England
and
Duke
of
Normandy
,
granted
to
his
Nephew
Stephen
of
Blois
,
who
obtain'd
also
that
of
Bolen
,
by
his
Marriage
with
Maud
the
Daughter
of
Eustace
Earl
of
Bolen
,
and
was
afterwards
King
of
England
.
Pont-Orson
,
Pons
Ursonis
,
Stands
on
the
Frontiers
of
Bretaigne
,
near
the
mouth
of
the
River
Covesnon
,
which
a
little
below
dischargeth
it self
into
the
Sea
,
almost
in
the
mid-way
between
Auranches
to
the
East
and
Dol
to
the
West
,
at
the
distance
of
about
15
miles
from
both
,
and
6
from
Mount
St.
Michael
.
The
Diocess
of
SEES
is
extended
between
those
of
Auranches
,
Bayeux
and
Lisieux
;
toward
the
Southern
part
of
Normandy
,
and
contains
these
principal
Towns
,
viz.
-
Seez
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Alenson
.
-
Falaize
.
-
Argentan
.
SEEZ
,
Sagium
,
olim
Sessui
and
Vagoricum
Sessuorum
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Orne
,
near
its
Source
,
and
but
an
ordinary
built
City
,
although
dignified
with
the
title
of
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Roan
,
which
(
as
some
Authors
say
)
was
translated
hither
from
Oximum
or
Hiesmes
,
an
adjacent
Town
of
great
Antiquity
.
Seex
is
distant
64
miles
from
Roan
to
the
S.
W.
37
from
Lisieux
to
the
S.
70
from
Auranches
to
the
E.
and
12
from
the
Frontiers
of
Mayne
.
Alencon
,
Alencomium
,
aut
Alentia
,
is
pleasantly
seated
on
the
River
Sarte
,
in
a
fruitful
plain
between
the
Forests
of
Escours
and
Perseigne
,
at
the
distance
of
13
miles
from
Seez
to
the
S.
and
66
from
Auranches
to
the
E.
It
is
a
very
fair
and
large
City
,
having
long
since
enjoyed
the
title
of
an
Earldom
,
which
was
erected
into
a
Duchy
by
Charles
VI
.
1414.
and
hath
been
often
conferr'd
on
the
Royal
Progeny
of
France
.
In
the
principal
Church
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
are
to
be
seen
the
Tombs
of
the
Dukes
of
Alenson
,
and
not
far
from
thence
a
stately
Bridge
erected
over
the
Sarte
,
where
it
intermixeth
its
Waters
with
those
of
the
Briane
,
which
forms
a
small
Island
in
the
Town
,
whereon
stands
the
Convent
of
St.
Claire
.
This
City
hath
been
often
taken
by
different
Parties
,
and
suffered
much
damage
during
the
Civil
Wars
of
France
.
Falaise
,
Falesia
,
aut
Falesa
,
a
small
Town
of
the
Lower
Normandy
,
took
its
Name
from
the
Rocks
that
environ
it
,
and
is
situated
on
the
little
River
Anne
,
at
the
distance
of
18
miles
from
Caen
to
the
South
,
and
34
from
Seez
to
the
North-West
.
The
first
Dukes
of
Normandy
chose
it
for
their
Palace
in
the
time
of
Peace
,
and
Fortress
during
the
Wars
.
Here
is
a
strong
Castle
built
upon
a
Rock
.
It
was
the
last
place
which
the
English
subdued
in
this
Province
,
and
was
by
them
exceedingly
well
fortified
;
and
the
last
in
like
manner
that
surrendred
to
Charles
VII
.
in
1430.
The
Suburbs
called
La
Guibray
,
are
famous
for
the
Fairs
that
have
been
held
there
in
the
month
of
August
,
ever
since
the
Reign
of
William
the
Conqueror
.
The
Town
is
encompassed
with
large
Motes
and
two
Ponds
,
one
of
which
can
never
be
dried
up
;
and
not
far
from
thence
stands
Mount
Arienes
,
whence
Birds
of
Prey
are
often
taken
,
and
sometimes
Eagles
.
Argentan
,
Argentomum
,
Argentanum
,
Argentomacum
,
aut
Argentomagum
,
is
a
very
neat
Town
on
the
River
Orne
,
distant
about
10
miles
from
Falaise
to
the
S.
E.
12
from
Seez
to
N.
W.
and
20
from
Alenson
to
the
North
.
The
Diocess
of
EUREUX
lies
between
those
of
Seez
,
Rouen
,
and
Lisieux
,
towards
the
Southern
and
Western
parts
of
Normandy
.
The
most
considerable
Towns
whereof
are
these
,
viz.
-
Evreux
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Beaumont
le
Roger
,
-
Bretueil
,
-
Bugles
,
-
Vernon
.
EVREUX
,
Ebroicum
,
olim
Ebroicae
,
and
Mediolanum
,
Eburovisum
,
is
seated
in
a
very
fertil
Plain
in
the
upper
Normandy
,
and
on
the
side
of
the
Rivulet
Iton
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Eure
,
being
distant
30
miles
from
Roan
to
the
S.
48
from
Seez
to
the
E.
and
54
from
Paris
to
the
W.
It
is
a
very
ancient
City
;
and
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Rouen
,
hath
been
long
since
establish'd
therein
;
besides
a
Bailliage
and
a
Court
called
Presidial
.
It
contains
a
great
number
of
Churches
and
Monasteries
,
more
especially
the
Cathedral
,
adorned
with
12
large
Towers
,
and
the
Abbies
of
St.
Thurin
and
St.
Saviour
.
This
City
hath
been
formerly
subject
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
its
own
Counts
or
Earls
,
Princes
of
the
Royal
Blood
,
and
other
Potent
Lords
,
from
whom
were
descended
Walter
and
Robert
D'Evreux
,
Earls
of
Essex
in
England
,
&c.
Beaumont
Le
Roger
,
Bellomontium
Rogerii
,
stands
on
a
rising-ground
,
15
miles
from
Evreux
to
the
West
towards
Lysieux
,
and
is
water'd
by
the
River
Rille
.
This
Town
bears
the
Title
of
a
County
or
Earldom
,
and
hath
been
Govern'd
by
very
Noble
Lords
,
of
whom
Earl
Roger
gave
his
name
to
it
,
and
caus'd
it
to
be
enlarged
and
beautified
with
a
great
many
fair
buildings
;
since
when
it
hath
been
well
Fortified
.
Bretueil
,
Bretolium
and
Britolium
,
is
extended
along
the
Banks
of
the
River
Iton
,
about
12
miles
from
Evreux
to
the
South-west
.
Henry
II
.
King
of
England
,
and
Duke
of
Normandy
,
gave
this
Town
to
Robert
de
Montfort
;
and
his
Sister
Amicia
sold
it
to
the
French
King
Philip
the
August
,
A.
D.
1210.
Afterward
it
devolv'd
as
an
Inheritance
on
Charles
King
of
Navarre
,
who
exchang'd
it
for
some
other
Possessions
with
Charles
VII
.
in
1416.
Vernon
,
Vernonium
,
and
Verno
,
is
water'd
by
the
River
Seyne
,
over
which
is
erected
a
Stone-bridge
now
half
demolish'd
;
distant
26
miles
from
Roan
to
the
South
,
and
16
from
Evreux
to
the
North-east
.
For
the
Government
of
this
Province
the
King
appoints
a
Governor
or
Commander
in
general
,
who
is
at
present
the
Duke
de
Montauzier
,
and
under
him
,
two
Lieutenant-Generals
;
besides
which
,
he
hath
a
Lieutenant
in
every
one
of
the
seven
Bailiwicks
,
and
particular
Governors
in
all
the
chief
Towns
,
viz.
In
Roan
,
Pont
de
l'Arche
,
Diep
and
the
Fort
of
Pollet
,
Fecan
,
Honfleur
,
Pont-Eveque
,
Caen
,
Cherbourg
,
Carentan
and
the
Bridge
Pouvre
,
Coutance
,
Granville
,
Mont
St.
Michael
,
Falaise
,
Argentan
,
Alencon
,
Havre
de
Grace
,
Montiervillers
and
Horfleur
.
A
Chronological
TABLE
,
shewing
the
Succession
of
the
Dukes
of
Normandy
.
Began
their
Reigns
,
|
A.
D.
|
reig
.
Y's
.
|
1
ROllo
,
called
also
Robert
I.
|
912
|
5
|
2
William
,
Surnamed
Longsword
.
|
917
|
26
|
3
Richard
I.
the
Old
or
void
of
Fear
.
|
943
|
53
or
56
|
4
Richard
II
.
the
Undaunted
.
|
996
|
about
30
|
5
Richard
III
.
|
1026
|
2
|
6
Robert
II
.
|
1028
|
7
|
7
William
the
Conqueror
,
K.
of
Engl.
|
1035
|
52
|
8
Robert
III
.
|
1087
|
20
|
9
William
II
.
Rufus
,
King
of
England
,
Slain
in
|
1100
|
|
10
Henry
I.
King
of
England
.
|
1507
|
28
|
11
Stephen
King
of
England
.
|
1135
|
|
Maud
of
England
,
died
in
|
1167
|
|
Geoffry
V.
Earl
of
Anjou
,
the
Husband
of
Maud
.
|
|
|
12
Henry
II
.
King
of
England
.
|
1154
|
38
|
Henry
the
younger
,
Surnamed
Courtmantle
.
|
|
|
1161
|
|
Died
before
his
Father
.
|
1183
|
|
13
Richard
IV
.
Sur-named
Coeur
de
Lyon
.
|
1189
|
10
|
14
John
King
of
England
,
who
was
Dispossessed
of
Normandy
by
Philip
II
.
King
of
France
,
in
|
1202
|
|
And
died
in
|
1216
|
|
After
this
,
Normandy
was
United
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
and
the
Title
of
it
was
given
to
|
15
John
of
Valois
,
afterwards
King
of
France
,
who
held
it
from
|
1332
|
23
|
And
to
|
|
|
16
Charles
V.
of
France
in
the
Life
of
his
Father
.
|
1355
|
|
But
these
enjoy'd
the
Title
only
,
for
it
was
not
alienated
till
it
was
regained
by
the
English
under
our
Valiant
King
Henry
V.
A.
D.
1420
,
which
was
218
years
after
it
was
Seized
by
the
French
;
but
the
English
held
it
not
long
,
for
by
reason
of
our
unhappy
Divisions
at
home
in
the
unfortunate
Reign
of
Henry
VI
.
this
Province
was
again
taken
by
the
French
,
30
years
after
we
had
regain'd
it
.
|
Afterwards
the
Title
of
Duke
of
Normandy
,
was
given
to
|
17
Charles
,
Son
of
Charles
VII
.
and
Brother
to
Lewis
XI
.
in
Anno
|
1464
|
|
But
he
parted
with
it
quickly
after
for
that
of
Guienne
;
and
ever
since
it
hath
been
no
other
than
a
Province
of
France
.
CHAP.
III
.
PICARDY
,
Picardia
.
PICARDY
,
was
part
of
the
ancient
Gallia
Belgica
,
and
Inhabited
by
Suessiones
,
&c.
But
the
Original
of
its
present
Name
although
Modern
,
is
difficult
to
find
out
;
there
is
little
reason
to
believe
that
it
was
deriv'd
from
Certain
Picards
of
Bohemia
,
who
were
declared
Hereticks
;
nor
from
a
Greek
word
,
the
signification
whereof
is
conformable
to
the
hasty
and
pettish
Humour
of
the
Inhabitants
.
This
Province
is
the
most
Northern
of
all
France
,
and
is
extended
along
the
Banks
of
the
British
Chanel
from
Calis
in
a
narrow
tract
of
Land
to
the
River
Brele
,
which
separates
it
from
Normandy
;
from
thence
being
much
wider
,
it
goes
directly
West
for
near
110
miles
,
where
it
is
bounded
by
the
Northern
part
of
Champaign
.
Its
whole
length
may
be
reckon'd
140
miles
,
for
from
Calais
to
Abbeville
is
about
54
miles
,
and
from
thence
to
the
borders
of
Champaign
is
about
90
miles
,
but
then
the
breadth
is
not
answerable
,
for
in
the
broadest
part
it
is
not
above
35
miles
,
and
in
the
Bolonneis
not
above
15
miles
broad
.
On
the
South
it
is
bounded
by
the
Isle
of
France
,
and
on
the
North
by
Artois
and
Haynault
.
Picardy
is
esteem'd
one
of
the
most
considerable
Provinces
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
is
remarkable
on
account
of
the
most
ancient
Nobility
of
the
Realm
,
who
derive
their
Original
from
thence
,
besides
a
great
number
of
valiant
Soldiers
and
experienc'd
Commanders
;
the
People
are
very
Generous
,
Courteous
,
Civil
and
Courageous
,
yet
somewhat
too
much
enclined
to
Anger
and
Voluptuousness
.
The
Soil
is
extreamly
fertil
in
Corn
and
divers
sorts
of
Fruits
,
which
hath
given
occasion
to
a
saying
among
the
French
,
that
Picardy
is
the
Granary
and
Magazine
of
Paris
;
but
this
Country
affords
very
little
Wine
.
Its
principal
River
is
the
Oise
,
which
receives
into
its
Chanel
the
Streams
of
the
Serre
,
the
Somme
,
the
Authie
and
the
Canche
.
The
two
former
of
these
flow
toward
the
East
,
and
the
three
others
towards
the
West
,
until
they
discharge
themselves
into
the
British
Channel
,
near
the
Territories
of
Calan
.
It
is
observed
,
that
the
Waters
of
the
Somme
never
freez
nor
diminish
,
as
do
those
of
the
other
neighbouring
Rivers
.
For
the
administration
of
Justice
,
here
are
many
Bailiages
,
Presidials
,
and
other
Courts
of
Judicature
that
depend
on
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Parliament
of
Paris
.
The
Towns
are
Govern'd
by
Mayors
and
Sheriffs
;
besides
the
General
Governor
,
there
are
18
particular
ones
.
The
Bishopricks
in
Picardy
are
Four
,
which
are
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
See
of
Rheims
.
This
Province
was
never
alienated
from
the
Demesns
of
the
Crown
,
and
is
usually
divided
into
three
Parts
,
viz.
The
Upper-Picardy
,
the
Middle
,
and
the
Lower
,
according
to
the
following
Table
.
Picardy
is
divided
into
3
Parts
.
-
The
Upper
on
the
Oise
in
3.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Tierache
.
-
Laonnois
Soissonnois
-
These
two
last
are
annexed
to
the
Isle
of
France
.
-
The
Middle
on
the
Somme
,
in
3.
-
Vermandois
.
-
The
Country
of
Santerre
,
or
Sangters
.
-
Amienois
.
-
The
Lower
on
the
Sea-coasts
,
in
3.
-
Ponthieu
.
-
Boulonnois
.
-
The
recover'd
Countries
.
The
Dutchy
of
TIERACHE
,
Tieracseia
,
is
the
most
Eastern
part
of
Picardy
,
and
lies
between
Hainault
,
Champagne
,
Verma●dois
and
Laonnois
,
and
includes
within
its
Precincts
,
these
remarkable
Towns
,
viz.
-
Guise
,
Capital
,
-
La
Fere
,
-
Vervins
,
-
Marle
,
-
La
Capelle
.
-
Ribermont
,
-
Moncornet
,
-
Aubenton
.
Guise
,
Guisia
,
and
Guisium
Castrum
,
is
situated
on
the
River
Oise
,
towards
the
Confines
of
Hainault
,
it
is
well
Fortified
with
a
Castle
and
other
strong
Ramparts
,
and
was
strong
enough
to
oppose
the
Spaniards
,
who
besieged
it
in
the
year
1650.
It
is
distant
80
miles
from
Paris
,
20
from
Laon
to
the
North
,
48
from
Amiens
to
the
East
,
and
25
from
Cambray
to
the
South-east
.
This
Town
at
first
bore
the
Title
of
an
Earldom
only
,
enjoyed
by
the
younger
House
of
Lorrain
;
till
A.
1528.
Claude
the
younger
Son
of
Rene
,
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
was
created
Duke
of
Guise
,
by
Francis
I.
whose
Grandson
,
Henry
D.
of
Guise
,
made
him self
Head
of
the
Holy
League
,
which
under
the
pretence
of
Religion
and
extirpation
of
Heresie
,
as
they
call'd
Protestancy
,
fomented
Sedition
,
and
at
length
took
up
Arms
and
maintained
a
Rebellion
against
Henry
III
.
and
Henry
IV
.
making
France
a
Scene
of
War
and
bloodshed
for
many
years
;
till
at
last
Henry
IV
.
by
his
Victorious
Arms
,
brought
them
to
submissions
,
and
restored
the
Peace
of
his
Country
.
Fere
,
Fara
,
is
situated
also
on
the
Oise
,
near
the
borders
of
the
Isle
of
France
,
at
the
distance
of
20
miles
from
Guise
to
the
South
,
and
15
from
Laon
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
strong
place
seated
in
a
marshy
Ground
,
and
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
,
which
stands
between
the
two
Suburbs
of
St.
Firmin
and
the
Virgin
Mary
,
and
deep
Trenches
full
of
Water
,
which
renders
the
place
almost
Inaccessible
;
by
which
means
it
hath
been
able
to
resist
divers
Sieges
.
However
the
Spaniards
made
themselves
Masters
of
it
during
the
Civil
Wars
of
France
in
the
end
of
the
XVI
Century
.
But
Henry
IV
.
regain'd
it
in
the
month
of
May
,
1597.
Vervins
,
Vervineum
,
stands
on
the
banks
of
the
Rivulet
Serre
,
in
the
midst
between
Capelle
to
the
North
,
and
Marle
to
the
South
,
at
the
distance
of
8
miles
from
both
these
Towns
;
as
many
from
the
Frontiers
of
Champagne
to
the
West
,
and
15
miles
from
Gause
to
the
East
.
This
Town
is
more
especially
famous
for
a
Treaty
of
Peace
concluded
therein
between
Henry
IV
.
King
of
France
,
and
Philip
II
.
King
of
Spain
,
on
the
2d
day
of
May
,
1598.
La
Capelle
,
is
a
Fortress
near
the
Confines
of
Haynault
,
and
is
distant
about
three
miles
from
the
Oise
,
15
miles
from
Landrechies
to
the
South-east
,
and
15
from
Guise
to
the
North-east
.
It
was
built
in
the
last
Age
,
on
purpose
to
restrain
the
Incursions
of
the
Flemings
,
and
hath
been
often
taken
and
re-taken
by
the
contending
Parties
.
The
Countries
of
Laonnois
and
Soiss●nnois
,
being
taken
from
Picardy
,
and
made
part
of
the
Isle
of
France
,
an
account
shall
be
given
of
them
in
the
Description
of
that
Province
.
The
Country
of
VERMANDOIS
,
Ager
Veromanduensis
,
lies
between
that
of
Tierach
to
the
East
,
Santerre
to
the
West
,
Cambresis
to
the
North
,
and
the
Isle
of
France
to
the
South
,
containing
these
chief
Towns
,
viz.
-
St.
Quentin
,
Cap.
-
Ham
,
-
La
Castelet
,
-
Beaurevoir
,
-
Bohaim
.
St.
QUINTIN
,
Quintinopolis
,
aut
Fanum
Quintini
,
is
seated
on
the
rising
Ground
,
near
the
Source
of
the
Somme
,
having
the
River
on
one
side
,
and
a
steep
Valley
on
the
other
,
15
miles
from
Guise
to
the
West
,
15
from
Peronne
to
the
East
,
15
from
La
Fere
to
the
North
,
and
20
from
Cambray
to
the
South
.
It
sprang
up
out
of
the
Ruins
of
Augusta
Veromanduorum
,
or
Vermand
,
a
small
Village
near
it
,
and
is
now
a
considerable
City
,
being
very
Populous
,
and
hath
divers
sorts
of
Manufactures
,
especially
Linnen
Cloth
,
made
in
it
.
The
Collegiate
Church
of
St.
Quentin
,
is
a
noble
pile
of
Building
;
there
are
also
other
fair
and
well-built
Churches
,
and
a
great
number
of
Monasteries
.
This
Town
being
besieged
by
the
Spaniards
,
in
1557
,
the
Constable
Montmorancy
came
to
its
Relief
,
and
fought
a
fatal
Battle
with
the
Spaniards
,
wherein
the
Constable
was
taken
Prisoner
,
together
with
the
Dukes
of
Montpensier
and
Longueville
,
the
Marshal
de
St.
Andre
,
10
Knights
of
the
Order
,
and
300
Gentlemen
;
besides
600
Gentlemen
and
3000
private
Soldiers
killed
.
Upon
which
the
City
was
taken
,
but
restored
two
years
after
at
the
Peace
concluded
at
Chacean-Cambresis
,
a
Town
near
the
Frontiers
of
Haynault
.
Ham
,
Hamum
,
is
situated
in
a
Plain
,
having
the
River
on
one
side
of
it
,
and
a
Marsh
on
the
other
,
and
stands
almost
in
the
midst
between
Peronne
to
the
North
,
and
Noyon
to
the
South
,
12
miles
from
St.
Quentin
to
the
West
.
Here
is
a
Citadel
which
was
built
by
order
of
Lewes
of
Luxemburg
,
or
Constable
de
St.
Paul
,
A.
D.
1470.
This
Town
was
taken
by
the
Spaniards
in
1595
,
after
the
Battle
of
St.
Quentin
;
but
the
French
took
it
again
by
Storm
,
and
put
the
whole
Garison
to
the
Sword
.
SANTERRE
,
or
Sangers
,
Ager
Saneteriensis
,
aut
Sanguitersa
,
is
extended
between
Amienois
on
the
West
,
and
Vermandois
on
the
East
.
The
most
considerable
Towns
of
this
Country
are
these
,
Viz
.
-
Peronne
,
Cap.
-
Mont-Didier
,
-
Roie
,
-
Moreuil
,
-
Neste
,
-
Breteuil
,
-
Chaunel
,
-
St.
Just
.
PERONNE
,
Perona
,
seated
on
the
River
Somme
,
is
a
very
strong
Hold
,
and
one
of
the
Keys
of
the
Kingdom
of
France
:
The
Spaniards
have
often
endeavour'd
to
surprize
it
,
but
the
Marshes
that
encompass
it
,
and
the
Ramparts
that
defend
it
rendring
it
exceeding
strong
,
they
have
always
been
repulsed
.
It
is
distant
24
miles
from
Amiens
to
the
East
,
20
from
Cambray
to
the
South
;
as
many
from
Arras
to
the
South
,
and
75
from
Paris
to
the
North
:
Charles
IV
.
King
of
France
,
Sur-named
the
Simple
,
died
therein
on
the
7th
day
of
October
,
A.
C.
926.
MONT-DIDIER
,
Mons
Desiderii
,
aut
Mondidorium
,
is
a
large
Town
,
built
on
an
Hill
,
in
the
midst
between
Amiens
and
Compeigne
,
at
the
distance
of
20
miles
from
both
;
24
miles
from
Peronne
to
the
South-east
,
and
20
from
Noyon
to
the
West
.
It
stands
upon
a
small
River
which
falls
into
the
Aurenge
,
that
falls
into
the
Somme
at
Amiens
.
It
is
a
strong
Town
,
and
has
often
resisted
the
Spaniards
.
Nesle
,
Nigella
,
is
water'd
with
the
Brook
Ignon
,
which
falls
into
the
Somme
.
It
stands
15
miles
from
Montdidier
to
the
North-east
,
7
miles
from
Ham
to
the
West
,
and
almost
in
the
midst
between
Noyon
to
the
South
,
and
Peronne
to
the
North
.
It
is
a
small
Town
that
bears
the
Title
of
one
of
the
most
ancient
Marquisates
of
the
Kingdom
.
Charles
the
Warlike
,
D.
of
Burgundy
,
took
this
Place
by
Storm
,
A.
D.
1472.
when
it
suffered
all
sorts
of
Outrages
,
by
reason
that
the
Inhabitants
had
killed
a
Herald
at
Arms
,
who
had
been
sent
to
Summon
it
,
and
two
of
his
men
,
during
a
Truce
which
had
been
granted
to
them
;
insomuch
that
the
Altars
were
not
able
to
protect
the
miserable
People
that
fled
for
Refuge
into
the
Churches
;
and
they
that
escaped
the
fury
of
the
Soldiers
,
were
either
Hang'd
,
or
had
their
Hands
cut
off
.
Chaunes
,
Celviacum
,
situated
in
the
midway
between
Amiens
and
St.
Quintin
,
and
7
from
Peronne
to
the
South-west
,
is
a
small
Town
,
nevertheless
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
&c.
AMIENOIS
,
Ager
Ambianensis
,
lies
between
Artois
to
the
North
,
Sangters
to
the
East
,
Beauvaisis
to
the
South
,
and
the
Country
of
Caux
to
the
West
.
The
Towns
of
chiefest
note
are
these
,
viz.
-
Amiens
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Corvie
,
-
Dourlans
,
-
Pequigne
,
-
Conti
.
AMIENS
,
Ambienum
alias
Amviani
,
and
Samarobrina
,
the
Metropolis
of
Picardy
,
and
the
See
of
a
Prelate
Suffragan
to
the
Arch-bishop
of
Rheims
,
is
situated
on
the
River
Somme
,
forming
a
Triangle
with
Paris
and
Roan
,
being
distant
66
miles
from
Paris
,
and
55
from
Roan
,
as
also
30
from
Arras
to
the
South
,
toward
Paris
;
24
from
Peronne
to
the
West
,
and
22
from
Abbeville
to
the
South-east
.
It
is
a
place
of
very
great
Antiquity
,
the
Inhabitants
whereof
heretofore
fought
most
resolutely
against
Julius
Caesar
,
and
even
took
up
Arms
against
those
of
Rheims
,
only
because
they
had
too
easily
yielded
to
the
Conqueror
.
Afterward
Caesar
erected
a
Magazine
for
his
Army
,
and
caused
a
general
Assembly
of
the
Gaulish
People
to
be
conven'd
therein
.
The
Emperor
Antoninus
Pius
enlarg'd
it
,
as
also
did
his
Son
Marcus
Aurelius
.
The
Emperors
Constantin
,
Constans
,
Julian
,
Valentinian
,
Valens
Gratian
and
Theodosius
,
chose
Amiens
for
their
Royal
Seat
in
Gaul
.
However
,
it
suffer'd
much
damage
by
the
Incursions
of
the
Alans
,
Vandals
and
Normans
,
A.
C.
925.
and
was
almost
intirely
burnt
,
but
soon
after
rebuilt
.
The
City
affords
a
very
pleasant
prospect
,
by
reason
of
the
largeness
of
the
Streets
,
the
beauty
of
the
Houses
,
and
the
extent
of
the
publick
places
,
of
which
there
are
two
,
where
seven
fair
Streets
meet
;
the
Ramparts
have
two
rows
of
Trees
planted
on
them
,
which
form
a
deligtful
Walk
.
The
River
Somme
enters
into
the
City
in
three
different
Channels
through
as
many
Bridges
,
and
after
having
water'd
several
parts
of
the
City
,
they
are
united
at
the
other
end
of
the
Town
,
near
S.
Michael's
bridge
.
The
Cathedral
Church
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
is
one
of
the
fairest
and
best
adorn'd
in
France
:
The
Pillars
,
Quire
,
Chappels
,
Tombs
and
Paintings
are
admirable
,
and
more
especially
the
Gate
flanked
with
two
high
Towers
,
on
which
are
placed
10000
Statues
;
several
Relicks
are
shewn
here
.
King
Philip
VI
.
of
Valois
first
caused
the
City
of
Amiens
to
be
fortified
,
but
the
Bulwarks
were
not
sufficiently
brought
to
perfection
,
until
the
time
of
Lewis
XI
,
who
much
improved
them
;
and
Henry
IV
.
built
a
strong
Citadel
after
he
had
retaken
it
from
the
Spaniards
,
who
had
seized
it
by
a
Stratagem
in
Anno
1597.
Queen
Isabel
of
Bavaria
establish'd
a
Parliament
therein
.
At
present
it
has
a
Bailiwick
,
Presidial
and
Generality
,
and
the
Bishop
,
Vidame
and
Bailly
,
are
after
the
King
,
the
three
chief
Lords
.
Corbie
,
Corbia
,
is
likewise
seated
on
the
River
Somme
,
which
there
intermixeth
its
Waters
with
those
of
the
Otnere
,
7
miles
above
Amiens
to
the
East
,
and
20
from
Peronne
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
strong
place
,
but
was
however
surpriz'd
by
the
Spaniards
in
1636.
and
was
recovered
by
the
French
within
a
little
while
after
.
This
Town
grew
up
out
of
an
Abbey
which
S.
Bethilde
Queen
of
France
,
the
Wife
of
Clovis
II
.
founded
,
together
with
her
Son
Clotaire
III
.
A.
C.
660.
It
is
called
Old
Corbie
,
to
distinguish
it
from
Corbie
or
Corwey
,
a
small
Town
of
Westphalia
in
Germany
.
Doulens
,
Dulendium
,
is
a
very
strong
Town
divided
into
the
Upper
and
Lower
,
and
Water'd
by
the
River
Authie
on
the
frontiers
of
Artois
,
being
distant
20
miles
from
Arras
to
the
West
,
and
18
from
Amiens
to
the
North
.
It
heretofore
appertain'd
to
the
Counts
or
Earls
of
Ponthieu
,
but
was
annexed
to
the
Crown
,
A.
D.
1559.
Conty
,
Contiacum
,
is
a
small
Burgh
on
the
Rivulet
of
Celle
,
about
10
miles
from
Amiens
to
the
South
:
It
is
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Principality
,
which
hath
given
name
to
a
branch
of
the
illustrious
House
of
Bourbon
.
It
was
at
fitst
subject
to
the
Dominion
of
its
own
Lords
,
afterward
transferr'd
to
the
family
of
Mailli
,
and
at
length
devolved
on
that
of
the
Prince
of
Bourbon
.
The
County
and
Earldom
of
PONTHIEU
,
Comitatus
Pontivenois
,
was
in
time
past
an
Inheritance
of
the
younger
Sons
of
France
,
and
is
extended
along
the
banks
of
the
River
Somme
,
which
renders
the
Ground
every
where
marshy
.
The
principal
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Abbeville
,
Cap.
-
S.
Riquier
.
-
Pont
de
Remi
.
-
Le
Croitoi
.
-
R●e
.
-
Montreuil
.
-
Cressy
.
ABBEVILLE
,
Abbatis
Villa
,
or
Abbevilla
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Somme
at
the
distance
of
83
miles
from
Paris
to
the
North
.
near
40
from
Bull●n
,
25
from
Amiens
,
and
15
from
the
Coasts
of
the
British
Sea
to
the
East
.
It
is
supposed
to
have
been
founded
by
S.
Riquier
or
some
of
the
Abbots
his
Successors
,
and
that
Hugh
Duke
of
France
built
the
Castle
.
However
,
it
is
at
present
the
capital
City
of
the
County
of
Ponthieu
,
and
one
of
the
strongest
and
most
important
places
of
the
Kingdom
;
it
hath
always
enjoyed
certain
peculiar
Priviledges
Here
is
a
presidial
Court
,
a
Canonship
,
12
Parishes
,
and
many
Religious
Houses
,
among
which
that
of
S.
Ulfran
is
most
considerable
.
This
City
hath
produced
many
great
Men
,
and
in
this
Age
it
hath
given
the
World
those
Learned
Geographers
,
Nicholas
Sanson
,
William
Sanson
his
Son
,
Peter
Duval
and
Philippus
Brietius
a
Jesuit
,
who
died
A.
D.
1669.
S.
Riquier
,
Centula
,
nunc
S.
Richarius
took
its
name
from
a
certain
Saint
who
was
a
Native
of
this
place
;
it
is
near
the
River
Card●n
,
and
is
distant
5
miles
from
Abbeville
to
the
East
,
toward
Doulens
.
Monstreuil
,
Monstrolium
aut
Monasteriolum
,
stands
on
an
Hill
,
the
foot
whereof
is
washed
by
the
River
Canche
about
6
miles
from
Estapies
,
8
from
the
Coasts
of
the
British
Sea
,
(
from
whence
Boats
of
good
Burthen
come
up
to
the
Town
,
)
24
from
Abbeville
to
the
North
,
and
16
from
Bolen
to
the
South
.
Its
name
is
deriv'd
from
two
ancient-Abbeys
of
the
Benedictin
Order
,
viz.
one
called
S.
Saviour
,
for
Monks
,
and
the
other
S.
Austreberte
,
for
Nuns
.
The
Town
is
distinguish'd
into
the
Lower
,
built
along
the
banks
of
the
River
,
and
the
Upper
,
which
is
separated
from
the
former
by
a
Wall
.
It
is
the
seat
of
a
Bailly
,
and
was
united
to
the
Crown
with
the
County
of
Pont●ieu
;
and
is
defended
by
strong
Works
and
a
good
Cittadel
.
Cressy
,
Cressiacum
,
is
a
small
Town
or
Burgh
on
the
River
Authie
on
the
Frontiers
of
Artois
,
and
the
Bailliage
of
Abbeville
,
from
whence
it
is
distant
12
miles
to
the
South
,
and
as
many
from
Hesden
to
the
North
.
It
was
heretofore
only
a
Village
,
and
is
more
especially
famous
on
the
account
of
the
memorable
Battle
fought
between
the
English
and
French
in
the
time
of
Philip
of
Valois
on
the
26th
day
of
August
.
1346.
when
the
former
,
under
the
conduct
of
their
valiant
King
Edward
III
.
and
his
heroick
Son
called
the
black
Prince
,
defea●ed
their
Enemies
with
a
very
great
slaughter
,
and
obtain'd
a
most
signal
Victory
;
for
above
80
Standards
were
taken
,
30000
of
the
French
Infantry
,
and
1200
Horse
were
slain
in
the
Field
,
where
also
John
King
of
Bohemia
,
Charles
Count
of
Alenson
the
French
Kings
Brother
,
and
Lewis
Count
of
Flanders
lost
their
lives
,
together
with
12
other
illustrious
Counts
and
Earls
,
and
even
the
whole
flower
of
the
Nobless
of
France
.
There
is
also
another
Town
of
Cr●ssy
in
the
same
Province
of
Picardy
on
the
River
Somme
in
the
County
of
Tierache
,
8
miles
from
Laon
to
the
North
and
as
many
from
Fere
to
the
East
,
besides
a
third
in
Champaigne
,
within
three
leagues
of
Meaux
,
called
Crecy
or
Cressy
in
Brie
,
&c.
BOULONNOIS
.
Comitatus
Bolonniensis
,
is
extended
between
Artois
,
the
County
of
Ponthieu
,
the
recovered
Country
,
and
the
strait
of
Calis
,
including
these
principal
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Bolon
,
Cap.
Bish
.
-
Mont-H●lin
.
-
Estaples
.
-
Ambleteuse
.
BOULOGNE
or
BOLEN
,
Bolonia
,
is
situated
on
the
Sea
shore
at
the
distance
of
20
miles
from
the
Town
of
Calis
to
the
South
,
10
leagues
from
the
nearest
Coasts
of
England
,
15
miles
from
Monstrevil
,
and
36
from
Abbeville
to
the
North
.
It
is
divided
into
the
upper
and
lower
Town
,
the
former
being
well
fortified
with
a
strong
Citadel
,
and
adorned
with
divers
publick
Places
and
Fountains
,
as
also
a
Palace
wherein
Justice
is
usually
administred
;
a
Cathedral
Church
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
a
Parochial
Church
of
S.
Joseph
,
an
Abbey
of
S.
Vilemar
,
and
some
other
Monasteries
.
The
lower
Town
is
not
inhabited
by
so
many
Persons
of
Quality
as
the
other
,
but
is
larger
and
more
considerable
for
its
Traffick
,
and
extends
along
the
Port
of
the
mouth
at
the
River
Liane
.
The
Harbour
is
not
very
commodious
;
in
it
formerly
stood
a
Watch-Tower
,
called
La
Tour
de
Ordre
,
and
by
the
English
,
The
Old
Man
,
said
to
be
built
by
Julius
Caesar
,
and
repair'd
by
the
Emperour
Charles
the
Great
;
but
being
neglected
,
is
now
fallen
down
.
The
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Rheims
,
was
established
here
by
Pope
Paul
IV
.
after
the
destruction
of
Therouane
.
This
City
,
together
with
the
adjacent
Territories
,
was
formerly
subject
to
the
dominion
of
its
own
Counts
of
great
Reputation
,
from
whom
were
descended
Godfrey
of
Bouillon
,
and
his
Brother
Baldwin
,
Kings
of
Jerusalem
,
but
it
was
united
to
the
Crown
of
France
by
King
Philip
II
.
the
August
,
A.
D.
1209.
Bolen
was
taken
by
Henry
VIII
.
King
of
England
,
in
1544.
and
afterward
restor'd
to
the
French
King
,
Henry
II
.
according
to
a
Treaty
of
Peace
concluded
between
those
two
Princes
in
the
beginning
of
the
year
1550.
Mont-Hulin
,
Mons-Hulini
,
is
a
Fortress
standing
on
a
Hill
near
the
River
Liane
;
it
has
a
Cittadel
which
was
built
against
the
Spaniards
,
and
is
distant
9
Miles
from
Bolen
to
the
East
.
Estaples
,
Stapulae
,
a
large
Burgh
.
is
fenced
with
an
old
Castle
,
and
stands
near
the
Sea
a
little
above
the
mouth
of
the
River
Canche
,
6
miles
from
Monstreuil
,
and
14
from
Bolen
to
the
South
.
Ambleteuse
,
Ambletosa
,
is
a
Village
having
a
small
Port
on
the
coasts
of
the
British
Channel
heretofore
called
Amstat
;
it
is
distant
only
7
miles
from
Bolen
to
the
North
,
and
about
12
from
Calis
to
the
South
.
The
RECOVER'D
COUNTRIES
,
Recuperata
Ditio
,
is
a
small
Tract
not
above
15
miles
over
,
and
lies
to
the
North
of
Bolen
,
and
contain
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Calis
Cap.
-
Guisnes
.
-
Ardres
,
Principality
.
CALAIS
or
CALIS
,
Caletum
,
is
seated
in
a
marshy
Plain
on
the
Coasts
of
the
British
narrow
Sea
,
called
from
thence
the
strait
of
Calis
,
at
the
distance
of
9
miles
from
Gravelin
,
and
the
confines
of
Flanders
to
the
West
,
18
from
Bolen
to
the
North
,
and
about
8
leagues
from
Dover
,
and
the
nearest
shore
of
England
to
the
South-west
.
It
is
reported
,
That
Baldwin
IV
.
sirnamed
the
Bearded
Count
of
Flanders
,
first
built
the
Port
,
and
that
Philip
Count
of
Bolen
caus'd
the
Town
to
be
encompass'd
with
Walls
,
which
before
was
only
a
simple
Burgh
.
However
,
it
is
at
present
a
considerable
Mart
and
a
place
of
strength
,
its
Fortifications
consisting
of
9
royal
Bastions
,
besides
those
of
the
Citadel
,
and
many
other
Out-works
,
all
lined
with
Stone
;
being
also
encompass'd
with
a
very
large
and
deep
Ditch
,
into
which
falls
the
River
Hames
,
as
well
as
a
great
number
of
other
Brooks
,
after
having
pass'd
through
the
adjacent
Fenns
.
There
is
only
one
passage
to
the
Town
over
a
Causey
,
commonly
called
the
bridge
of
Nieullay
,
and
none
can
enter
without
the
permission
of
the
Garison
of
Richeban
into
the
Port
,
which
is
divided
into
two
parts
;
one
whereof
is
named
Cap
de
Grey
,
the
other
is
larger
and
shut
up
within
two
Moles
built
of
Stone
.
The
Town
is
extended
in
form
of
a
Triangle
,
with
a
Castle
:
The
most
remarkable
things
in
it
are
two
stately
Towers
;
the
Altar
of
the
Grand
Church
is
all
of
wrought
Marble
,
and
its
Dome
extreamly
magnificent
.
In
the
Marches
are
to
be
seen
floating
Islands
and
Sluces
,
by
which
the
Country
may
be
overflow'd
within
a
little
space
of
time
.
Edward
III
.
King
of
England
,
took
the
Town
of
Calis
from
the
French
,
A.D.
1347.
but
they
at
length
recovered
it
under
the
conduct
of
the
Duke
of
Guise
in
1558.
after
the
English
had
possess'd
it
above
210
years
.
Afterward
Albert
Arch-duke
of
Austria
and
Vice-roy
of
the
Low-Countries
made
himself
Master
of
it
in
1596.
and
it
was
restored
two
years
after
to
the
French
King
Henry
IV
.
by
the
Articles
of
the
Peace
of
Vervins
.
Guines
,
Guisnae
,
is
a
small
Town
,
yet
the
chief
of
a
County
of
the
same
name
,
formerly
subject
to
its
own
Earls
,
who
are
celebrated
in
History
:
It
is
seated
in
a
marshy
Ground
,
and
is
distant
6
miles
from
the
Sea
,
as
many
from
Calis
to
the
South
,
and
somewhat
less
from
Ardres
.
Ardres
,
Ardra
and
Arda
,
is
a
well
fortified
Town
,
and
bears
the
Title
of
a
Principality
,
altho'
of
a
very
small
extent
;
it
stands
on
the
frontiers
of
Artois
,
about
8
miles
from
Calis
to
the
South
,
somewhat
more
from
Gravelin
,
and
14
from
S.
Omer
to
the
North-west
.
A
famous
Interview
was
celebrated
near
this
place
,
between
Henry
VIII
.
King
of
England
,
and
Francis
I.
King
of
France
,
in
the
Month
of
June
,
A.
D.
1520.
for
the
ratifying
of
a
Treaty
of
Peace
.
The
Attendants
of
these
two
Princes
were
most
richly
cloath'd
,
and
their
Court
appeared
so
splendid
,
that
it
was
termed
the
Camp
of
Cloth
of
Gold
.
Cardinal
Albert
of
Austria
took
Ardres
in
1596.
but
was
oblig'd
to
resign
it
to
the
French
within
a
little
while
after
The
Governor-General
of
Picardy
is
at
present
the
Prince
d'Elbaeuf
,
who
is
also
Governor
of
Artois
,
and
under
him
are
three
Lieutenant-Generals
.
There
are
also
particular
Governors
in
these
Towns
,
viz.
Amiens
,
Abbeville
,
Boulogn
and
the
Boulonnois
,
the
Town
and
Castle
of
Calais
,
with
the
Fort
Nieullay
and
the
recover'd
Country
,
Dourlans
,
S.
Valery
upon
the
Somme
,
Guise
,
S.
Quinton
,
the
Bailiage
of
Vermandois
,
la
Ferre
,
Peronne
and
Roye
,
Montdidier
;
the
Town
and
Cittadel
of
Ham
,
and
the
Town
and
Cittadel
of
Montreuil
.
CHAP.
IV
.
CHAMPAGNE
,
Campania
.
CHAMPAGNE
,
is
one
of
the
twelve
principal
Governments
of
France
,
and
the
Province
that
best
furnisheth
the
Granaries
and
Cellars
of
Paris
.
It
is
so
called
(
says
Gregory
of
Tours
)
from
the
spacious
and
pleasant
Plains
which
are
found
therein
,
more
especially
near
Rheims
and
Chalons
.
This
name
is
Modern
,
and
the
first
that
hath
made
mention
thereof
,
is
the
Author
of
the
continuation
of
the
Chronicle
of
the
Count
Marcellinus
,
who
is
followed
by
the
said
Gregory
of
Tours
,
and
other
Writers
.
The
Country
of
Champiagne
and
Brie
,
according
to
the
division
of
Julius
Caesar
,
lies
partly
in
Celtick
and
partly
in
Belgick
Gaul
,
being
situated
between
the
47
degree
,
20
Minutes
,
and
the
50
degree
of
Latitude
,
and
extends
from
Raviers
in
Senonnois
in
the
South
,
to
Rocroy
in
Rhetelois
in
the
North
,
about
150
miles
.
From
West
to
South-east
;
that
is
to
say
,
from
Cressy
in
Brie
near
Meaux
,
as
far
as
Bourbon
les
Bains
,
near
the
head
of
the
River
Meuse
,
about
120
miles
;
but
in
some
places
its
breadth
is
not
above
60
miles
from
East
to
West
.
It
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Picardy
,
Heynault
and
Luxemburg
;
on
the
South
by
Burgundy
;
on
the
East
by
Lorrain
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Isle
of
France
.
This
Province
was
heretofore
famous
for
the
grandeur
of
its
Counts
or
Earls
,
who
possess'd
it
as
absolute
Sovereigns
,
and
were
so
potent
that
they
maintained
fierce
Wars
against
the
Kings
of
France
and
Burgundy
:
They
were
also
so
Illustrious
by
reason
of
their
noble
Descent
,
that
those
Princes
have
not
disdain'd
to
make
Leagues
with
them
,
and
even
to
contract
Marriages
with
their
Family
.
In
the
division
of
Inheritances
among
the
Sons
of
Clovis
I.
and
Clotaire
I.
Champaigne
,
constituted
a
part
of
the
Kingdom
of
Mets
in
Austrasia
:
and
in
the
time
of
Segebert
King
of
Mets
,
A.
C.
570.
there
was
a
certain
Duke
of
these
Territories
,
named
Lupus
,
who
shewed
much
fidelity
in
preserving
the
States
of
the
young
King
Childebert
,
against
Ursion
and
Berfroy
;
Guintrio
or
Vintrio
,
whom
Brunehaut
caus'd
to
be
Assassinated
,
was
afterwards
Duke
.
But
this
Title
denoted
then
only
a
kind
of
Government
,
and
not
a
perpetual
Dignity
.
The
first
Hereditary
Count
was
Robert
of
Vermandois
,
who
made
himself
Master
of
the
City
of
Troyes
in
953
and
left
the
possession
theereof
to
his
Brother
Herbert
.
But
in
the
year
1284
,
the
whole
Province
was
inseparably
united
to
the
Crown
of
France
;
which
Act
was
confirmed
by
the
Treaty
of
Laon
,
in
1317.
and
by
another
ratified
on
the
14
day
of
May
.
A.
D.
1335.
Moreover
,
King
John
annexed
the
Counties
of
Champagne
and
Brie
,
to
the
demesns
of
the
Crown
in
1361.
Among
the
principal
Rivers
are
reckon'd
the
Seine
,
which
receives
into
its
Channel
the
Waters
of
the
Jony
and
the
Aubre
;
the
Marne
,
the
Aisne
and
the
Veste
,
besides
a
great
number
of
other
small
Rivulets
that
are
very
full
of
Fish
.
The
River
Meuse
or
Maes
hath
its
source
in
this
Province
,
but
it
quickly
runs
out
of
it
into
the
County
of
Barr
,
which
it
crosseth
from
South
to
North
,
and
then
returns
into
this
Province
and
passes
by
Sedan
and
Charleville
,
from
whence
it
runs
through
the
County
of
Namur
,
Bishoprick
of
Liege
,
and
Dutchy
of
Guelderland
into
Holland
,
where
it
falls
into
the
Sea
near
the
Brie
.
The
Soil
although
white
and
chalky
,
brings
forth
many
sorts
of
Grains
in
abundance
,
particularly
Rye
.
The
vast
Plains
are
extreamly
fertil
in
Corn
and
excellent
Grapes
,
and
yield
good
Pasture
for
Cattle
.
On
the
Northern
side
are
also
large
Forests
,
affording
variety
of
Game
,
together
with
Mines
of
Iron
and
other
Metals
.
But
for
a
more
particular
description
of
this
Province
we
will
divide
it
into
eight
Parts
,
according
to
the
method
of
most
modern
Geographers
.
Champagne
in
8
Parts
.
-
Champagne
,
prop.
-
Troyes
Bish
.
-
Remois
.
-
Rheims
Arch-bish
.
-
Perthois
.
-
St.
Dizier
.
-
Rhetelois
.
-
Rhetel
.
-
Velage
.
-
Joinville
.
-
Bassigny
.
-
Langres
.
-
Senonnois
.
-
Sens
.
-
La
Brie
Champenoise
.
-
Provins
.
In
the
District
of
CHAMPAGNE
,
properly
so
called
,
are
comprehended
these
most
remarkable
Towns
,
viz.
-
Troyes
,
Bishop
,
Cap.
-
Pont
sur
Seine
.
-
Meri
.
-
Romeru
,
or
Rameru
.
-
Plancy
.
-
Chalons
,
Bish
.
-
Epernay
.
-
Ai
.
-
Dormans
,
&c.
TROYES
,
Treca
,
olim
Augusto-bona
and
Tricassis
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Seine
,
at
the
distance
of
80
miles
from
Paris
to
the
South-east
,
64
from
Rheims
to
the
South
,
70
from
Dijon
to
the
North-west
,
and
65
from
the
source
of
the
Meuse
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
City
of
very
great
Antiquity
,
and
is
reckon'd
among
the
most
considerable
of
the
Kingdom
for
Trade
,
which
consists
chiefly
in
Linnen
Cloth
.
It
hath
been
long
since
dignified
with
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
,
the
Jurisdiction
whereof
is
extended
over
510
Parishes
and
depends
on
the
Metropolitan
of
Se●
.
Nine
or
ten
of
its
Prelates
have
have
been
Canoniz'd
for
Saints
;
of
these
St.
Amatre
was
the
first
,
and
S.
Lupus
the
eight
,
who
hindered
Attila
from
ruining
the
City
;
which
was
nevertheless
afterward
done
by
the
Normans
.
But
Count
Robert
caused
it
to
be
Re-built
,
and
it
is
at
present
a
fair
well
built
City
,
and
adorned
with
a
fine
Palace
;
the
Cathedral
Dedicated
to
S.
Peter
,
is
a
very
stately
Structure
,
in
which
40
Canons
Officiate
.
There
are
also
two
Collegiate
and
ten
Parochial
Churches
,
besides
the
Abby
of
S.
Lupus
,
a
Colledge
of
the
Fathers
of
the
Oratory
,
and
many
other
Religious
Houses
.
The
City
is
defended
with
strong
Walls
,
and
the
Inhabitants
are
reckoned
Couragious
and
are
train'd
up
in
Arms.
Here
is
a
fine
Palace
,
and
a
Bailiage
and
Presidial
.
Pont-Sur
Seine
,
Pons
ad
Sequanem
,
a
small
Town
so
called
from
its
Situation
and
Bridge
over
the
River
Seine
.
It
stands
22
miles
from
Troyes
to
the
North-West
,
and
57
from
Paris
.
Rameru
,
Ramerucum
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
Aube
almost
in
the
midst
between
Troyes
and
Vitry
la
Francois
.
Planci
is
in
like
manner
watered
by
the
same
River
,
and
stands
15
miles
West
from
Rameru
.
Chaalons
,
Catalaunum
,
is
seated
on
a
most
pleasant
Plain
on
the
River
Marne
,
over
which
here
are
many
Bridges
,
distant
50
miles
from
Troyes
to
the
North
,
26
from
Reims
to
the
South-East
,
and
100
miles
from
Paris
to
the
East
.
It
is
a
very
ancient
,
large
and
well
Fortified
City
,
and
was
esteemed
one
of
the
Principal
of
Gallia
Belgica
in
the
time
of
Julian
the
Apostate
.
It
is
encompassed
with
firm
Walls
and
deep
Ditches
full
of
Water
.
The
whole
City
is
divided
into
three
Parts
,
viz.
The
City
it self
;
the
Island
formed
in
it
by
the
River
Marne
and
the
Burrough
.
The
Houses
appear
very
white
,
being
built
of
Chalky
Stone
,
and
the
Streets
are
large
,
the
publick
Places
are
fair
and
spacious
,
more
especially
those
in
which
stand
the
Town-house
and
Collegiate
Church
,
consecrated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
.
This
City
is
the
Seat
of
a
Bishop
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Rheims
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
Dedicated
to
St.
Stephen
,
and
is
remarkable
on
the
account
of
its
Bishops
,
Chapter
,
and
its
Tower
extreamly
high
and
large
.
There
are
also
12
Parochial
Churches
,
and
3
Abbeys
,
together
with
many
other
Convents
.
A
considerable
Traffick
is
maintained
here
,
particularly
in
Linnens
,
Cloath
and
Corn
;
the
richest
Merchandizes
are
kept
in
the
Subburbs
of
Marne
,
from
whence
they
are
with
m●ch
convenience
transported
to
Paris
.
The
City
of
Chaalons
was
sometime
governed
by
its
own
Counts
,
until
they
resigned
their
Right
to
the
Bishops
,
who
are
dignified
with
the
Title
of
Counts
and
Peers
of
France
.
It
is
Recorded
in
History
,
that
Merouee
King
of
the
French
,
Theodoricus
King
of
the
Goths
,
and
Aetius
the
Roman
General
,
A.
C.
453.
defeated
the
Forces
of
Attila
King
of
the
Huns
,
cutting
off
above
180000
Men
in
the
adjacent
Plains
of
this
City
,
called
Campis
Catalaunicis
,
although
others
affirm
that
this
memorable
Battel
was
fought
in
Campis
Secalaunicis
,
that
is
to
say
,
at
,
Sologne
near
Orleans
.
This
City
hath
a
Seat
of
Justice
and
a
Generality
.
Espernay
,
Epernacum
is
distant
16
miles
from
Chalons-sur-Marne
to
the
W.
as
well
as
●dy
;
the
former
of
these
Towns
standing
on
the
South
side
of
the
River
,
and
the
other
on
the
N.
over-against
one
another
.
Dormans
,
Dormanum
stands
likewise
on
the
Banks
of
the
Marne
,
19
miles
from
Espernay
,
and
36
from
Chaalons
to
the
W.
This
Town
hath
imparted
its
Name
to
the
Noble
Family
of
Do●mans
,
&c.
REMOIS
,
Ager
Rhem●●st
lies
between
Chaalonnois
,
Soisonnois
,
Rhetelois
,
&c.
Its
Principal
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Rheims
,
Archb.
Cap.
-
Fimes
.
-
Mochaut
,
&c.
RHEIMS
,
Remi
,
olim
Dur●cortorum
and
Remorum
Caput
,
is
situated
in
the
midst
of
a
Plain
,
where
the
River
Vesle
washeth
part
of
its
Walls
,
which
are
extended
in
compass
above
an
Hour's
Journey
,
and
enclose
a
great
number
of
spacious
Courts
,
large
Streets
well-built
Houses
,
and
magnificent
Churches
;
more
especially
the
Cathedral
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
which
is
a
vast
pile
of
Building
,
the
Gate
thereof
being
esteem'd
the
most
stately
throughout
the
whole
Kingdom
on
the
account
of
its
admirable
Architecture
,
Images
and
other
curious
Ornaments
.
In
this
Church
the
Kings
of
France
are
usually
Crown'd
,
and
anointed
by
the
Archbishop
of
Reims
,
with
a
sacred
Oil
preserv'd
in
a
small
Vessel
commonly
call'd
La
Sainte
Ampoule
,
or
the
Holy
Bottle
,
which
(
as
they
say
)
was
sent
from
Heaven
at
the
Inauguration
of
Clouis
I.
and
is
kept
for
that
use
in
the
Abby
of
S.
Remi
.
In
the
same
City
are
establish'd
,
besides
a
Metropolitan
See
,
a
Presidial
Court
,
another
of
the
Bailliage
,
and
an
University
founded
by
Charles
of
Lorrain
Cardinal
of
Guise
with
the
permission
of
King
Henry
II
.
The
Archbishops
of
Rheims
are
stiled
the
first
Dukes
and
Peers
of
France
;
twelve
or
thirteen
of
these
Prelates
have
been
canoniz'd
for
Saints
;
and
besides
several
that
have
attained
the
Dignity
of
Cardinals
,
four
of
them
have
been
Popes
,
viz.
Sylvester
II
.
Urban
II
.
Adrian
IV
.
Adrian
V.
six
Princes
have
possess'd
the
See
,
and
among
others
two
of
France
,
viz.
Arnold
the
Son
of
King
Lotharius
,
and
Henry
the
Son
of
Lewis
the
Gross
,
besides
four
others
of
the
Royal
Blood
.
Here
are
to
be
seen
some
Monuments
of
Antiquity
,
as
a
Fort
of
Julius
Caesar's
,
&c.
but
particularly
one
that
was
but
lately
discover'd
(
in
1677.
)
which
is
a
Roman
Triumphal
Arch
that
is
quite
entire
;
it
is
compos'd
of
three
Arches
,
adorned
with
many
Figures
and
Trophies
;
it
is
supposed
to
have
been
formerly
the
North
Gate
of
the
Town
,
and
called
Porta
Martia
.
The
City
of
Rheims
is
distant
74
miles
from
Paris
to
the
North-East
;
66
from
Troyes
to
the
North
;
24
from
Chalons
to
the
North-West
;
and
54
from
Verdune
to
the
West
.
Fimes
,
Fimae
,
Fismae
,
is
a
Burgh
on
the
River
Veste
in
the
confines
of
the
Isle
of
France
15
miles
from
Rheims
to
the
West
.
It
is
more
especially
remarkable
on
the
account
of
two
Councils
held
there
in
the
Church
of
S.
Maire
the
Martyr
Finibus
apud
Sanctam
Mairam
,
and
for
a
certain
Stone
fixed
not
far
from
thence
,
which
serves
as
a
Boundary
between
the
Bishopricks
of
Rheims
,
Laon
and
Soissons
.
PERTHOIS
,
Ager
Perthensis
,
is
extended
on
the
Frontiers
of
Lorraine
between
the
Rivers
Marne
and
Ornay
,
and
contains
these
considerable
Towns
,
viz.
-
S.
Dizier
,
Cap.
-
Sermaise
,
-
Vitry
le
Francois
,
-
Harzicourt
.
S.
Dizier
,
Fanum
Sancti
Desiderii
aut
Desideriopolis
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
Marne
30
miles
above
Chaalons
,
near
the
Frontiers
of
the
County
of
Barr
,
14
miles
from
Vitry
le
Francois
to
the
E.
and
15
from
Joinville
to
the
N.
It
was
taken
by
the
Emperor
Charles
V.
A.
D
1544.
after
a
very
notable
Siege
,
and
restored
to
the
French
at
the
Peace
concluded
at
Cressie
.
Vitry
le
Francois
,
Victoriacum
Francicum
took
its
Name
from
King
Francis
I.
the
Founder
thereof
,
who
caused
it
to
be
built
in
the
room
of
a
Neighbouring
Town
that
was
burnt
,
which
is
at
present
called
Vitry
le
Bruslé
.
It
is
seated
on
the
Confluence
of
the
Marne
and
the
Orne
,
being
distant
18
miles
from
Chaalons
to
the
S.
E.
RETELOIS
,
Rhetelensis
Ager
,
is
the
Northern
Part
of
the
Province
of
Champagne
,
and
includes
these
Towns
of
chiefest
Note
,
viz.
-
Rhetel
,
Cap.
-
Mezieres
,
-
Charleville
,
-
Rocroi
,
-
Sedan
,
&c.
RETEL
,
Retelium
aut
Reiteste
is
situated
near
the
River
Aisne
,
24
miles
from
Rheims
to
the
North
;
27
from
Sedan
to
the
S.
W.
and
as
many
from
R●●r●●
to
the
S.
in
the
adjacent
Territories
of
this
Town
,
which
bear
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
.
The
French
obtained
a
great
Victory
over
the
Spanish
Troops
,
and
those
of
the
Prince
of
Conde
commanded
by
the
Marshal
de
Turenne
,
A.
D.
1650.
Mazieres
,
or
Masieres
,
Maderiacum
aut
Maceriae
is
a
strong
Town
,
and
stands
in
a
Peninsule
made
by
the
River
Meuse
,
partly
on
a
rising
Ground
and
partly
in
the
Valley
,
the
Citadel
being
fortified
with
a
double
Rampart
.
It
is
a
place
of
great
importance
,
being
a
Passage
from
Luxemburgh
into
France
.
It
is
distant
23
miles
from
Rhetel
to
the
North
,
15
below
Sedan
to
the
West
,
as
many
from
Rocroy
;
not
above
7
from
the
Confines
of
the
Dutchy
of
Luxemburgh
,
and
46
from
Rheims
to
the
N.
E.
Charleville
,
Carolopolis
is
in
like
manner
seated
on
the
Meuse
just
over
against
Mazieres
,
and
was
heretofore
only
a
Burrough
call'd
Arches
,
where
Charles
de
Gonzagua
Duke
of
Nevers
and
Mantua
caused
a
very
pleasant
Town
to
be
built
,
A.
D.
1609
,
and
imparted
his
Name
thereto
,
It
hath
been
since
regularly
fortified
,
and
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
is
erected
the
strong
Fortress
of
Mont-Olympe
,
where
is
to
be
seen
the
Ruins
of
an
old
Castle
,
supposed
to
have
been
a
Temple
of
the
Pagans
.
Rocroy
,
Rupes
Regia
is
a
very
strong
Hold
near
the
Forrest
of
Ardenne
on
the
Frontiers
of
Hainault
,
being
distant
30
miles
from
Retel
to
the
N.
45
from
Meziers
and
Charleville
to
the
N.
W.
about
as
many
from
Marienburgh
to
the
S.
and
15
from
Philipville
.
The
French
Forces
under
the
Conduct
of
the
Duke
of
Anguien
gained
a
Battle
over
the
Spaniards
,
and
defeated
their
General
Don
Francisco
de
Melo
near
this
Town
on
the
19th
day
of
March
,
A.
D.
1643.
Sedan
,
Sedanum
stands
on
the
East
side
of
the
River
Meuse
,
near
the
Frontiers
of
Luxemburgh
,
at
the
distance
of
15
miles
from
Charleville
to
the
East
,
28
from
Retel
to
the
North-East
,
and
8
from
Bouillon
to
the
South
.
This
Town
was
formerly
subject
to
the
Archbishop
of
Rheims
;
by
whom
it
was
afterwards
granted
to
the
King
instead
of
Cormecy
.
In
process
of
Time
the
Braquemonts
and
Marcans
became
Lords
thereof
,
and
at
length
it
devolved
on
the
Princes
of
the
Family
of
La
Tour
:
But
in
the
Year
1642
it
was
united
to
the
Crown
by
a
Compact
made
with
Prince
Frederic-Maurice
de
la
Tour
d'
Auvergne
,
Duke
of
Bouillon
and
Lord
of
Sedan
.
It
is
a
strong
Place
,
being
defended
with
a
good
Castle
and
Walls
,
&c.
It
was
chiefly
inhabited
by
Protestants
,
who
had
a
famous
University
here
before
the
late
Persecutions
.
The
County
of
VALAGE
lies
between
those
of
Perthois
,
Bassigni
Senonnois
,
and
contains
these
principal
Towns
,
viz.
-
Joinville
,
Cap.
-
Brienne
,
-
Vignoris
,
-
B●r
sur-Aube
,
-
Clervaux
,
Abb.
&c.
Joinville
,
Jovis
Villa
,
Joanvilla
,
aut
Joville
,
is
a
small
Town
,
but
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Principality
,
seated
on
the
River
Marne
at
the
distance
of
30
miles
to
the
North
from
Chaumont
,
15
from
S.
Dizier
to
the
South
,
and
43
from
Chaalons
to
the
South-East
.
This
Principality
was
erected
by
King
Henry
II
.
A.
D.
1552.
in
favour
of
Francis
of
Lorrain
Duke
of
Guise
,
to
serve
as
an
Inheritance
for
the
younger
Sons
of
that
Noble
Family
,
and
hath
been
the
Burial-place
of
divers
of
these
Dukes
.
But
that
which
hath
made
this
City
most
noted
,
is
,
that
the
Holy
League
,
which
made
so
much
Disturbance
in
France
,
was
revived
and
concluded
on
here
in
the
Year
1584
by
the
Duke
of
Guise
and
his
Adherents
.
Brienne
,
Castrum
Briennium
is
a
Town
of
a
small
compass
,
nevertheless
honoured
with
the
Title
of
a
County
,
and
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
Aube
,
25
miles
from
Joinville
to
the
W.
and
21
from
Troyes
between
Bar-sur-Aube
and
Planei
.
It
was
in
time
past
one
of
the
Seven
Peerages
that
were
establish'd
by
the
ancient
Counts
of
Champagne
,
and
the
Place
where
the
Peers
usually
held
their
Assemblies
.
Bar-Sur-Aube
,
Barium
ad
Albulam
aut
Albam
is
so
called
from
its
Situation
on
the
River
Aube
at
the
foot
of
an
Hill
in
a
very
pleasant
Country
about
30
miles
from
Troyes
to
the
East
,
and
15
from
Chaumont
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
well-built
Town
,
and
famous
for
its
good
Wines
.
It
was
for
some
time
possess'd
by
certain
particular
Counts
,
but
was
at
last
reunited
to
the
Crown
at
the
same
time
with
the
rest
of
Champagne
.
Clervaux
,
or
Clairvaux
,
Claravallis
is
an
Abbey
of
the
Cistercian
Order
,
famous
for
the
Conversation
of
S.
Bernard
,
by
whom
(
as
they
say
)
it
was
Founded
,
through
the
pious
Liberality
of
Thibaut
or
Theobald
III
.
Count
of
Campagne
,
A.
D.
1115.
It
is
built
in
a
Valley
before
call'd
,
The
Vale
of
Wormwood
,
14
miles
from
the
Frontiers
of
Burgundy
,
and
5
from
Bar-sur-Cube
to
the
S.
in
the
midst
between
Chaumont
to
the
E.
and
Ber-sur-Seine
to
the
W.
BASSIGNY
,
Bassiniacus
Ager
lies
between
the
Spring-heads
of
the
Marne
,
and
the
Meuse
on
the
side
of
Lorraine
,
containing
these
most
considerable
Towns
,
viz.
-
Langres
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Chaumont
,
-
Lusi
,
-
Nogent-le-Roy
.
LANGRES
,
Linganes
aut
Andoma●●inum
is
very
advantagiously
Situated
on
a
Hill
near
the
Spring-head
of
the
River
Marne
,
at
the
distance
of
20
miles
from
the
Confines
of
Burgundy
;
50
from
Troyes
to
the
S.
E.
about
45
from
Besanson
to
the
N.W.
and
34
from
Dijon
towards
Chaumont
.
It
is
a
very
ancient
,
large
and
well
Fortified
City
,
and
the
See
of
a
Prelate
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Lyon
.
It
was
ruined
by
the
Vandals
in
the
beginning
of
the
4th
Century
,
but
afterward
rebuilt
and
restor'd
to
its
former
Grandeur
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
dedicated
to
S.
Mammez
the
Martyr
.
The
Bishops
of
Langres
,
who
take
place
among
the
six
Ecclesiastical
Peers
of
France
,
bear
the
Title
of
Dukes
,
Marquesses
and
Barons
,
as
being
both
Spiritual
and
Temporal
Lords
of
these
Territories
,
wherein
they
constitute
Bailiffs
,
Judges
and
other
Officers
of
Justice
.
Five
or
Six
Rivers
have
their
Source
in
the
adjacent
Country
,
which
on
that
account
is
supposed
to
be
the
highest
Ground
of
the
whole
Kingdom
of
France
.
Chaumont
,
Calvomontium
and
Calvus
Mons
,
stands
on
a
Hill
near
the
Marne
between
Thoinville
and
Langres
,
from
whence
it
is
distant
20
miles
,
and
15
from
Bar-sur-Aube
to
the
E.
This
large
Town
,
which
had
been
before
only
a
Burrough
,
was
lately
enlarged
,
and
first
encompassed
with
Walls
A.
D.
1500.
It
was
govern'd
by
its
own
Lords
,
until
it
was
annex'd
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
County
of
Chamgagne
.
SENONNOIS
,
Senonensis
Ager
,
lies
on
the
Southern
and
Western
sides
of
Picardy
,
between
Champagne
properly
so
called
,
Brie
and
Gastinois
.
This
Country
is
extended
for
the
space
of
16
Leagues
in
length
,
and
8
in
breadth
,
and
includes
these
principal
Towns
,
viz.
-
Sens
,
Archb.
Cap.
-
Pont-sur-Yone
,
-
Jo●gni
,
-
S.
Floren●in
,
-
Tonnerre
,
-
Chabli
.
SENS
,
Senones
aut
Agendicum
Senonum
is
seated
in
a
verdant
Plain
on
the
confluence
of
the
Seine
and
the
Yonne
,
over
which
it
hath
a
Stone-bridge
;
and
is
distant
53
miles
from
Paris
to
the
South
,
28
from
Auxerre
to
the
North
,
and
30
from
Troyes
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
very
fair
City
,
and
without
doubt
one
of
the
most
ancient
throughout
the
whole
Kingdom
of
France
.
For
the
Galli
Senonenses
,
heretofore
extended
their
Conquests
very
far
into
Italy
and
Greece
,
took
Rome
,
and
(
as
it
is
generally
believ'd
)
founded
Sienna
Senigaglia
,
and
some
other
Towns
,
which
as
yet
bear
their
Name
.
These
Territories
,
during
the
Second
Race
of
the
French
Monarch's
,
were
subject
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
certain
particular
Counts
,
until
King
Robert
made
himself
Master
of
Sens
,
A.
D.
1005.
This
City
is
large
and
well-built
,
and
water'd
with
a
great
number
of
Brooks
,
which
run
through
all
its
Parts
,
and
serve
for
the
convenience
of
the
Inhabitants
.
It
is
the
See
of
an
Archbishop
,
who
was
formerly
Metropolitan
of
Paris
,
Orleans
and
four
other
Diocesses
,
but
since
Paris
hath
been
erected
into
an
Archbishoprick
,
he
hath
only
Troyes
,
Auxerre
,
and
Nevers
for
his
Suffragans
.
The
Cathedral
Church
of
S.
Stephen
is
admired
for
its
stately
Front
,
adorned
with
divers
Figures
and
two
lofty
Towers
;
as
also
on
the
account
of
its
large
Body
,
rich
Chapels
,
ancient
Tombs
,
and
the
costly
Basis
of
the
High
Altar
,
where
is
to
be
seen
a
Table
of
Gold
enrich'd
with
many
curious
Stones
,
representing
in
Bas-relief
the
Images
of
the
four
Evangelists
and
S.
Stephen
.
The
whole
Diocess
comprehends
above
900
Parochial
Churches
,
and
25
Abbies
,
five
of
these
being
included
within
the
City
or
Suburbs
.
Divers
Councils
have
been
celebrated
here
,
the
first
of
which
was
convened
by
Archbishop
Sevin
,
A.C.
980.
Pont-sur-Yonne
,
Pons
ad
Icaunum
aut
Pons
Syriacus
,
stands
on
the
Frontiers
of
Champagne
,
and
the
Banks
of
the
River
Yonne
,
about
eight
miles
from
Sens
to
the
North
toward
Paris
;
as
likewise
doth
Joigni
Jogniacum
aut
Juniacum
,
a
small
Town
at
the
distance
of
15
miles
from
Sens
to
the
South
,
and
as
many
from
Auxerre
to
the
North
.
Tonnerre
,
Tornodorum
and
Ternodorum
ad
Hermontionem
,
is
a
considerable
Town
bearing
the
Title
of
a
County
,
and
built
on
the
side
of
the
River
Armanson
in
the
Confines
of
Champagne
and
Burgundy
,
about
35
miles
from
Sens
to
the
South-east
,
and
17
from
Auxerre
to
the
East
,
towards
Chastillon
sur
Seine
.
Chabli
,
Cabliacum
,
stands
between
Tonnerre
to
the
East
,
and
Auxerre
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
small
Town
,
but
remarkable
on
the
account
of
the
excellent
Wines
that
are
made
therein
,
and
for
the
bloody
Battle
which
was
fought
in
the
adjacent
Plain
between
the
Sons
of
the
Emperor
Lewis
the
Debonaire
,
A.C.
841.
The
County
of
BRIE
is
divided
into
two
Parts
,
and
made
part
of
two
Provinces
of
the
Isle
of
France
and
Champaigne
.
BRIE
CHAMPENOISE
,
Brigiensis
Saltus
,
aut
Bria
,
lies
between
the
Rivers
Seine
and
Marne
,
abounds
in
Pasture
,
and
is
very
fruitful
in
Corn
,
Fruits
,
&c.
The
most
considerable
Towns
in
it
are
these
,
viz.
-
Meaux
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Provins
-
Chasteau
Thierry
-
Colomiers
-
Sezanne
-
Montereau-Yonne
,
&c.
MEUX
,
Meldae
,
Patinum
Meldarum
,
the
Capital
City
of
Brie
and
the
See
of
a
Prelate
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Paris
,
is
situated
on
the
Marne
,
at
the
distance
of
25
miles
from
Paris
to
the
East
;
50
from
Rheims
to
the
South-west
,
60
from
Chalons
to
the
West
,
and
50
from
Sens
to
the
North
.
It
is
divided
by
the
River
into
two
parts
,
viz.
one
called
the
Town
and
the
other
the
Market
,
and
surrounded
with
three
Suburbs
.
The
Cathedral
is
dedicated
to
St.
Stephen
,
and
the
Diocess
contains
410
Parishes
.
There
is
also
a
Collegiate
Church
bearing
the
Name
of
St.
Sainctin
first
Bishop
of
Meaux
;
and
some
others
that
are
Parochial
,
and
besides
the
Abby
of
St.
Faron
appertaining
to
the
Benedictine
Monks
of
the
Congregation
of
St.
Maur
,
a
great
number
of
Monasteries
.
This
City
was
for
sometime
subject
to
its
own
Lord
,
but
at
length
united
to
the
Crown
of
France
:
It
suffered
very
much
in
the
year
1358.
John
King
of
France
,
being
at
that
time
the
Prisoner
of
our
King
Edward
III
.
The
Dauphine
had
possess'd
himself
of
this
Place
,
but
in
his
absence
the
Citizens
had
plotted
with
those
of
Paris
to
take
it
from
him
,
but
were
not
able
to
effect
it
,
for
though
they
let
in
the
Parisians
into
the
Town
,
the
Garison
kept
the
Market
and
overcame
them
,
cut
them
to
pieces
and
fir'd
and
piliag'd
the
City
.
It
was
afterwards
taken
by
the
Forces
of
our
valiant
King
Henry
V.
after
a
Siege
of
three
Months
.
This
was
the
first
City
of
France
wherein
the
Protestants
preach'd
against
the
Errors
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
for
which
many
of
them
suffer'd
Martyrdom
.
In
the
Civil
War
,
the
Protestants
got
the
Possession
of
this
Place
,
but
it
was
taken
from
them
by
Surprize
by
Claude
Gouffier
Duke
of
Rouanez
for
King
Charles
IX
.
It
is
now
a
well-built
,
flourishing
and
populous
City
,
and
is
the
Seat
of
a
Baily
and
an
Election
.
Provins
,
Provinum
aut
Pruvinum
stands
on
the
foot
of
an
Hill
and
the
Banks
of
the
Rivulet
Vousie
,
being
distant
12
miles
from
the
Seine
to
the
North
;
25
from
Meaux
to
the
South
;
36
from
Troyes
to
North-West
,
and
38
from
Paris
to
the
South-East
.
This
small
Town
is
famous
for
an
excellent
sort
of
Roses
which
grow
in
the
adjacent
Fields
,
and
bear
the
same
Name
.
Chateau-Thierry
,
Castrum
Theodoricum
,
is
a
very
fair
Town
with
a
Castle
,
enjoying
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
and
seated
on
the
South-side
of
the
Marne
,
about
20
miles
from
Meaux
to
the
East
;
30
from
Reims
to
the
South-west
;
40
from
Chalons
to
the
West
,
and
45
from
Paris
to
the
East
,
Colomiers
,
Colomeriae
aut
Columbaria
,
is
adorned
with
the
Palace
of
Longueville
,
and
water'd
with
the
little
River
of
Morin
,
12
miles
from
Meaux
to
the
South
,
toward
Provins
,
and
30
from
Paris
to
the
East
.
Montereau-Faut-Yonne
,
Monasteriolum
ad
Icaunam
,
Monasteriolum
S.
Martini
in
fau●ibus
Icaunae
,
aut
etiam
Mons
Regalis
,
takes
its
Name
from
a
place
where
the
Waters
of
the
Yonne
fall
and
are
swallowed
up
in
the
Chanel
of
the
Sienne
.
Thus
it
is
founded
on
the
confluence
of
these
two
Rivers
,
and
defended
with
an
Old
Castle
,
being
distant
16
miles
from
Provins
to
the
South-west
,
17
from
Sens
to
the
North-west
,
and
40
from
Paris
to
the
South-East
.
The
Town
it self
properly
belongs
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
Gastinois
,
and
the
Suburbs
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
to
that
of
Brie
.
It
was
heretofore
a
Royal
Seat
,
and
is
beautified
with
a
fair
Stone-bridge
,
on
which
John
Duke
of
Burgundy
was
slain
,
on
the
10th
Day
of
September
,
A.D.
1419.
The
Governor-General
of
the
Province
of
Champaign
,
at
present
is
the
Duke
of
Luxemburg
;
under
whom
are
four
Lieutenant-Generals
and
two
Bailiffs
,
all
Noblemen
.
And
in
these
following
Towns
there
are
particular
Governors
,
viz.
Troyes
,
Chalons
,
Langres
,
Chaumont
,
Retel
,
Chateau-Portien
,
Rocroy
,
Meziers
,
Charleville
,
Sedan
,
S.
Menchould
,
S.
Disier
,
Vitri
,
Bur-sur-Aube
,
Epenay
,
Fismes
,
and
Brie-Comte-Robert
.
A
Chronological
Table
shewing
the
Succession
of
the
Counts
of
Champagne
and
Brie
.
|
Succeeded
A.
C.
|
govern
.
Years
|
1
RObert
|
958
|
|
2
Herbert
|
|
died
in
993
|
3
Stephen
I.
|
993
|
26
|
4
Eudes
I.
le
Champenois
|
1019
|
18
|
5
Thibauld
or
Theobald
|
1037
|
|
6
Stephen
II
.
sirnam'd
Henry
|
|
|
7
Theobald
II
.
|
1101
|
51
|
8
Henry
I.
the
Rich
|
1152
|
28
|
9
Henry
II
.
the
Younger
|
1180
|
17
|
10
Theobald
III
.
|
1197
|
4
|
11
Theobald
IV
.
King
of
Navarre
|
1201
|
53
|
12
Theobald
V.
the
young
|
1254
|
16
|
13
Henry
III
.
|
1270
|
4
|
14
Joanna
Queen
of
Navarre
|
1274
|
|
This
last
Princess
was
styl'd
Countess
Palatine
of
Brie
and
Champagne
,
and
Married
to
the
French
King
Philip
IV
.
sirnam'd
the
Fair
,
A.
C.
1284.
CHAP.
V.
THE
ISLE
OF
FRANCE
,
Insula
Franciae
.
THE
Government
of
the
Isle
of
France
,
though
it
be
one
of
the
least
of
extent
,
is
however
the
most
considerable
of
the
whole
Kingdom
,
on
account
of
its
fertility
and
pleasant
situation
,
the
great
number
of
stately
Palaces
,
and
the
Capital
City
which
stands
therein
;
but
more
especially
by
being
honoured
with
the
presence
of
the
King
in
his
splendid
Palaces
of
Versailles
and
the
Louvre
,
S.
Germains
,
Fountainbleau
,
and
S.
Cloude
;
all
which
are
seated
within
the
Limits
of
this
Government
.
The
Isle
of
France
,
properly
so
called
,
lies
between
the
Rivers
Seine
,
Marne
,
Oise
,
and
Aisne
;
for
which
reason
the
Name
of
an
Island
hath
been
given
it
.
But
to
make
it
a
Government
,
some
Parts
of
the
Neighbouring
Provinces
have
been
added
to
it
;
so
that
at
present
it
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
Champagne
,
on
the
West
by
Normandy
,
on
the
North
by
Picardy
,
and
on
the
South
by
Beaus●
;
extending
it self
between
the
48th
Degree
,
and
the
49th
Degree
,
46
Minutes
of
Latitude
;
and
includes
from
West
to
East
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
Dreux
to
Liesse
,
near
120
miles
,
and
from
North
to
South
,
viz.
from
Noyon
as
far
as
Tourtenay
in
Gatinois
100
miles
.
The
Soil
is
very
fertile
in
excellent
Wheat
,
Grapes
,
and
other
Fruits
:
There
are
also
divers
verdant
Plains
and
spacious
Forests
,
affording
abundance
of
all
sorts
of
Games
.
The
principal
Rivers
are
the
Seine
,
the
Marne
,
and
the
Oise
.
The
last
of
these
is
enlarged
with
the
Waters
of
the
Aisne
,
that
passeth
to
Soissons
,
and
those
of
Terrain
,
which
conveys
its
Streams
along
the
Walls
of
Beauvais
,
&c.
This
Government
is
usually
divided
into
10
small
Countries
,
nine
of
which
are
taken
out
of
the
Provinces
of
Champagne
,
Beausse
,
Normandy
,
and
Picardy
.
The
Isle
of
France
into
10
small
Countries
-
The
Isle
of
France
,
prop.
-
Paris
,
Archb.
cap
.
-
Brie
Francoise
-
Lagni
-
Hurepois
-
Melun
-
Gastinois
in
part
-
N●mours
-
Mantois
-
Mante
-
Vexin
Francois
-
Pontoise
-
Beauvaisis
-
Beauvais
,
B.
-
Valois
-
Crespy
-
Soiss●nnoi
-
Soissons
,
Bish
.
-
Laonnois
-
Laon
,
Bish
.
In
the
ISLE
OF
FRANCE
,
properly
so
called
,
are
contain'd
these
principal
Cities
and
Towns
,
viz.
-
Paris
,
Archbish
.
Capital
of
the
whole
Kingdom
.
-
The
most
remarkable
Places
of
the
adjacent
Country
.
-
S.
Denis
-
Montmorency
.
PARIS
,
Parisii
,
aut
Lutetia
Parisiorum
,
so
called
from
Lutum
Dirt
,
because
of
its
situation
in
a
marshy
Soil
,
and
Parisii
the
ancient
Inhabitants
of
the
Neighbouring
Country
.
To
omit
the
several
fabulous
Accounts
of
its
Origine
,
it
is
certain
that
it
is
very
ancient
:
Julius
Caesar
mentions
it
in
his
Commentaries
;
and
Eusebius
says
,
It
was
older
than
Rome
.
The
Island
in
the
Seine
called
la
Cite
,
now
the
middle
of
Paris
was
the
first
City
,
built
in
that
place
by
the
Parisii
(
as
some
say
)
to
avoid
the
Ravage
of
War
and
Pestilence
that
raged
among
them
.
It
is
the
Metropolis
of
the
whole
Kingdom
of
France
,
and
at
present
one
of
the
largest
,
most
populous
and
flourishing
Cities
of
Europe
.
The
River
Seine
which
passeth
through
it
from
East
to
West
,
is
broad
but
not
deep
enough
to
bring
up
Ships
of
Burden
,
whereof
none
come
higher
than
Roan
,
and
from
whence
the
Goods
are
brought
hither
in
Lighters
;
Its
stream
is
divided
by
two
or
three
Islands
,
whereof
that
call'd
la
Cité
above-mentioned
is
the
chief
,
and
is
the
Center
,
round
which
the
additions
from
time
to
time
have
been
made
of
that
great
number
of
Houses
and
Palaces
whereof
Paris
now
consists
.
On
the
Northside
lies
that
part
called
la
Ville
the
Town
;
and
on
the
South
the
University
with
the
Fauxbourg
or
Suburbs
of
S.
Germaine
,
and
S.
Marcel
.
The
Houses
of
Paris
are
mostly
built
of
Stone
and
Brick
,
very
high
and
fill'd
with
People
,
every
Floor
often
containing
a
Family
,
especially
in
the
Old
City
,
where
the
Stree●s
are
narrow
,
but
those
later
built
are
spacious
and
neat
,
especially
les
Rues
Richelieu
,
and
S.
Martin
,
which
are
very
long
,
strait
,
and
broad
.
The
whole
City
,
University
,
and
Suburbs
of
Paris
,
make
an
Oval
of
three
English
Miles
long
,
and
two
and
a
half
broad
,
and
consequently
take
up
five
and
an
half
square
miles
of
Ground
.
Concerning
the
number
of
Houses
and
Inhabitants
herein
contained
,
French-men
talk
very
largely
;
but
this
matter
having
been
Judiciously
handled
by
the
Ingenious
Sir
William
Pettye
,
his
computation
will
be
the
best
account
we
can
give
the
Reader
,
which
is
as
follows
;
He
says
,
The
number
of
Houses
are
,
23223
,
together
with
32
Palaces
,
and
33
Colleges
,
in
which
do
live
81280
Families
,
and
allowing
to
each
Family
6
Persons
,
the
number
will
be
487680.
To
prove
this
account
,
he
argues
from
the
number
of
Burials
in
Paris
,
which
according
to
a
reasonable
medium
,
are
,
19887
per
Annum
,
whereof
3506
in
the
Hotel-Dieu
unnecessarily
,
which
being
deducted
,
the
number
of
Burials
of
the
Inhabitants
,
is
communibus
annis
,
16381
,
and
then
allowing
one
of
thirty
to
die
Yearly
,
the
number
of
Souls
in
Paris
will
be
491430.
The
medium
of
these
two
accounts
is
488055.
Whereas
in
London
the
same
Author
proves
the
number
of
Inhabitants
to
be
695718
,
and
the
number
of
Houses
105315.
and
that
London
contains
above
100
thousand
Inhabitants
more
than
Paris
and
Rouen
together
.
But
to
proceed
,
The
places
in
Paris
that
most
deserve
a
Stranger's
Notice
,
are
the
Louvre
,
the
Tuilleries
,
the
Church
of
Notre-Dame
,
the
University
,
the
Old-Palace
,
the
Town-House
,
the
Place-Royal
,
the
Bastille
,
Pont-neuf
,
many
stately
Palaces
of
the
Nobility
,
the
H●tel-Dieu
,
and
other
Hospitals
.
The
King's
Palace
,
nam'd
the
Louvre
,
is
a
noble
and
stately
pile
of
Building
;
It
is
one
large
Squ●re
with
a
Court
in
the
middle
,
the
Fronts
o●
Ston●●●●ly
adorn'd
with
Pillars
and
Carvings
.
〈…〉
built
by
King
Philip
the
August
,
〈…〉
beg●n
to
be
Rebuilt
of
large●
Extent
by
〈…〉
in
the
year
1364.
Francis
I.
began
the
Swi●●●
●s
●●ll
and
the
south
Porch
,
which
his
Son
〈…〉
●●●●'d
,
and
built
two
Stories
over
it
;
he
so
added
an
order
of
Corinthian
Architecture
to
the
●●●er
Front
,
and
adorn'd
it
with
a
noble
Cornice
and
curious
Carvings
.
King
Henry
IV
.
built
a
Gallery
along
by
the
side
of
the
River
quite
to
the
Tuilleries
,
which
is
very
long
,
and
esteem'd
the
finest
in
Europe
;
Under
it
is
the
Royal
Printing-house
and
the
Lodgings
of
many
curious
Artists
in
Painting
,
Carving
,
Graving
&c.
who
have
Pensions
from
the
King
.
Lewis
XIII
.
finished
the
Front
to
the
West
,
and
built
a
large
Pavillon
,
in
form
of
a
Dome
,
in
the
middle
,
over
the
Gate
,
which
is
supported
by
two
Ranks
of
very
large
Pillars
of
the
Jonick
Order
;
and
also
adorned
the
Architrave
of
the
Front
to
the
Court
with
fine
Sculptures
.
The
present
King
hath
bestow'd
great
cost
upon
the
East-Front
,
in
the
middle
whereof
is
the
chief
Gate
of
the
Palace
.
Here
are
forty
Columns
of
the
Corinthian
Order
detachee
,
which
sustain
a
large
Terras
,
that
is
to
be
rail'd
with
a
stately
Balustre
.
The
Building
is
not
finished
,
nor
the
Lodgings
furnished
,
no
body
dwelling
in
it
but
●ome
few
Officers
,
except
the
French
Academy
,
who
have
a
Hall
here
to
hold
their
Assemblies
in
.
Behind
the
Louvre
is
a
large
piece
of
Ground
design'd
for
a
Garden
,
but
the
King
never
coming
here
,
some
Persons
have
been
permitted
to
build
upon
it
,
so
that
at
present
it
is
full
of
Houses
,
which
are
to
be
all
pull'd
down
when
the
Building
is
finished
,
and
the
King
fancies
to
Reside
here
.
Behind
the
Louvre
at
some
distance
,
stands
the
Palace
called
les
Tuilleri●s
,
built
by
Queen
Catherine
de
Medicis
,
A.
D.
1654.
and
much
improved
by
the
pres●nt
King
.
It
is
one
range
of
Building
with
a
Pavillon
at
each
end
,
and
a
Dome
in
the
middle
;
before
it
is
a
handsome
large
space
which
is
divided
into
three
Courts
;
and
behind
are
exceeding
pleasant
Gardens
,
the
Walks
whereof
are
every
Evening
fill'd
with
People
of
Fashion
that
come
hither
to
take
the
Air
.
When
the
King
lies
at
Paris
,
which
is
very
seldom
,
he
Lodges
in
the
Tuilleries
.
These
two
Palaces
are
seated
in
the
west
part
of
the
Town
by
the
River
side
;
the
Garden
of
the
Tuilleries
reaching
quite
beyond
the
Houses
,
and
is
open
to
the
Fields
.
The
Cathedral
Church
of
Notre-Dame
or
the
Virgin
Mary
,
stands
near
the
middle
of
the
City
in
the
Island
which
thence
hath
its
Name
;
it
is
a
Majestick
Venerable
building
of
the
Gothick
order
of
Architecture
.
The
Foundation
was
laid
A.
D.
522.
by
King
Childerick
;
and
the
building
was
afterwards
much
beautified
and
enlarged
by
King
Robert
and
his
Successors
,
till
Philip
the
August
finish'd
it
as
it
now
appears
.
It
is
in
the
the
form
of
a
Cross
,
having
a
small
Spire
in
the
middle
,
and
at
the
west-end
two
large
square
Towers
of
389
steps
high
,
flat
at
top
,
with
Ballustres
round
,
which
make
the
Front
very
spacious
and
noble
.
Over
the
three
West
Gates
is
a
row
of
Niches
,
in
which
stand
the
Statues
of
28
Kings
of
France
,
Predecessors
to
Philip
.
The
length
of
this
Church
is
accounted
66
Fathoms
,
its
breadth
24
,
and
its
height
17
Fathoms
.
The
Roof
is
supported
by
120
great
Pillars
and
the
whole
Building
adorn'd
with
the
Ornaments
usual
to
this
order
of
Architecture
,
besides
several
Statues
,
curious
Paintings
,
rich
Tapestries
,
silver
Candlesticks
&c.
that
make
the
inside
appear
very
Glorious
.
The
Prelate
of
this
See
was
formerly
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Sens
,
till
A.
1622.
when
Lewis
XIII
.
by
permission
of
the
Pope
,
erected
it
into
an
Archbishoprick
;
and
●he
present
King
hath
added
to
it
the
Title
of
Duke
and
P●er
(
A.
1674.
)
in
●our
of
the
present
Archbishop
.
The
University
of
Paris
was
first
Founded
(
as
't
is
said
)
by
Charlemaign
,
A
D.
791
,
at
the
desire
of
Alcuinus
an
English-man
,
his
Tutor
,
who
was
made
the
first
Professor
.
It
is
situate
on
the
South-side
of
the
River
,
and
hath
been
much
encreased
by
Lewis
VII
.
Philip
the
August
,
and
several
other
Persons
of
lower
Rank
,
particularly
Robert
Sorbon
,
who
(
in
the
time
of
St.
Lewis
,
A.
D.
1252.
)
Founded
the
College
called
by
his
Name
,
which
being
decay'd
,
was
Rebuilt
by
Cardinal
Richelieu
,
and
made
a
very
beautiful
Place
.
It
is
esteem'd
the
strictest
College
in
Europe
,
the
Degree
of
Doctor
in
it
being
only
given
to
those
who
hold
the
Sorbonique
Act
,
which
is
to
answer
all
Disputants
from
Sun-rise
to
Sun-set
.
The
title
of
Sorbon
Doctor
is
of
great
Repute
.
The
College
of
Navarre
founded
by
Jane
Queen
of
Navar
,
is
also
a
very
noble
Building
;
and
that
of
the
four
Nations
,
founded
by
Cardinal
Mazarine
,
is
very
handsome
,
spacious
,
and
well
adorned
.
The
Buildings
of
the
other
Colleges
,
near
30
in
number
,
are
not
very
stately
.
The
Professors
have
settled
Revenues
,
but
the
Colleges
are
not
Endowed
,
except
with
Privileges
and
Collation
to
several
Benefices
.
It
will
not
be
amiss
to
mention
here
the
Academies
for
Arts
,
established
in
Paris
by
the
favour
and
encouragement
of
the
present
King
and
his
Predecessors
.
And
First
,
The
Academie
Fra●coise
,
is
a
Society
of
Ingenious
Men
,
the
most
Polite
and
curious
Criticks
of
the
Nation
;
first
began
in
the
Year
1620
,
by
Messires
Godean
,
Gombaud
,
Chapelain
,
Conrard
,
and
several
more
,
who
agreed
to
meet
Weekly
at
one
of
their
Lodgings
for
Conversation
;
these
being
encouraged
by
Cardinal
Richelieu
,
set
themselves
at
work
to
correct
and
polish
the
French
Tongue
,
and
in
163●
,
the
Academy
was
Established
by
the
King's
Edict
,
and
hath
been
much
Honour'd
by
the
present
King
,
who
hath
given
them
a
Chamber
in
the
Louvre
to
hold
their
Assemblies
in
.
These
ingenious
Persons
have
very
much
improv'd
the
French
Language
,
and
several
Members
of
the
Society
have
published
Books
that
have
been
very
acceptable
to
the
Learned
World
,
The
number
of
them
at
present
is
40.
They
give
yearly
two
golden
Medals
to
the
best
Performers
in
Eloquence
and
Poetry
.
The
Royal
Academy
of
Sciences
,
was
Established
by
Monsieur
Colbert
,
A.D.
1666
,
and
is
composed
of
the
best
Philosophers
and
Mathematicians
in
the
Nation
,
for
whose
use
the
King
built
the
Royal
Observatory
in
the
Fauxbourg
St.
Jacques
,
where
they
daily
make
Experiments
,
and
labour
in
new
Discoveries
for
the
improvement
of
Knowledge
.
The
Royal
Academy
for
Painting
and
Sculpture
,
was
Established
by
Lewis
XIII
.
and
that
for
Architecture
,
by
the
present
King
in
the
Year
1671.
But
to
pass
on
to
the
other
remarkable
Things
in
Paris
.
The
Palace
is
the
place
where
the
Court
of
Parliament
is
held
.
It
was
at
first
the
King's
Palace
,
but
was
made
the
Seat
of
this
Court
by
King
Philip
the
Fair
.
The
Hall
is
Arched
with
Stone
,
and
supported
by
Pillars
:
In
it
are
many
Shops
for
Tradesmen
,
and
beyond
it
are
several
Chambers
for
the
respective
Courts
.
The
Hotel
de
Ville
,
or
Guild-Hall
,
is
a
fair
Structure
;
the
old
one
being
decayed
,
this
was
begun
to
be
built
A.
D.
1533
,
but
by
reason
of
the
Civil
War
,
was
not
finished
till
1610.
It
is
built
of
Stone
,
the
Front
reasonably
handsom
,
but
somewhat
Gothick
;
in
the
middle
over
the
Door
there
is
a
Spire
,
and
two
Pavillions
at
the
ends
;
within-side
is
a
spacious
Hall
and
several
Chambers
.
The
Palais
Cardinal
,
or
Palace
Royal
,
as
it
is
now
called
,
is
a
handsom
Building
,
composed
of
two
square
Courts
and
fine
Gardens
;
the
Apartments
in
it
are
beautiful
and
convenient
.
This
Palace
was
built
by
Cardinal
Richlieu
,
and
at
his
Death
bequeathed
to
the
King
:
The
Duke
of
Orleans
dwells
in
it
,
altho'
he
hath
another
very
stately
one
that
bears
his
Name
,
which
was
built
by
the
Widow
of
Henry
IV
.
The
Place
Royal
,
is
a
noble
large
Square
,
surrounded
with
Piazza's
and
very
fine
Houses
.
Paris
lying
on
both
sides
the
Water
,
there
is
need
of
many
Bridges
,
of
which
here
are
nine
of
Stone
and
two
of
Timber
;
that
named
Pont-neuf
,
or
the
New
Bridge
,
is
the
most
considerable
,
being
the
finest
built
and
the
longest
;
it
is
all
of
Stone
,
begun
to
be
built
in
1578
,
and
finished
in
1604
,
by
King
Henry
IV
.
whose
Statue
on
Horseback
of
curious
Workmanship
stands
in
the
middle
.
Pont
au
Change
was
built
of
Stone
in
1629
,
and
hath
two
rows
of
Houses
on
it
;
this
being
near
the
Palace
,
hath
the
most
Passengers
of
any
.
Pont-Mary
hath
Houses
on
it
also
.
The
other
Bridges
are
less
considerable
.
The
Hotel-Dieu
is
a
large
Hospital
for
poor
sick
People
,
whereof
here
are
commonly
no
less
than
4000
,
who
are
served
by
the
Nuns
of
St.
Augustin
:
The
building
is
old
and
not
very
fine
,
but
the
Revenues
are
very
great
.
There
are
many
other
Hospitals
;
but
that
which
makes
the
greatest
Figure
,
and
is
most
talk'd
of
,
is
,
The
Invalides
,
built
by
this
King
for
the
reception
and
maintenance
of
old
Crippled
and
Disabled
Soldiers
,
It
is
a
very
noble
Building
,
exactly
square
,
with
fine
Courts
in
the
middle
.
It
stands
in
the
West
end
of
the
Fauxburg
St.
Germains
.
The
Bastile
is
a
Castle
built
in
the
Year
1360
,
for
defence
of
the
City
,
but
at
present
serves
for
a
Prison
for
State
Criminals
.
It
stands
at
the
East
end
of
the
Town
,
in
the
Fauxburg
St.
Antoine
.
There
are
also
two
smaller
Castles
,
which
were
anciently
Fortresses
,
and
without
doubt
stood
at
the
limits
of
the
Town
,
but
are
now
in
the
middle
of
it
,
and
serve
to
hold
the
Provost's
and
other
Courts
in
.
The
Suburbs
of
Paris
are
large
and
well
built
;
that
of
St.
Germain
hath
been
taken
into
the
City
,
and
enjoys
the
same
Privileges
.
For
the
Civil
Government
Paris
hath
a
Magistrate
call'd
the
Prevot
des
Merchands
,
not
unlike
our
Lord
Mayor
,
ahd
4
Eschevins
or
Alderman
,
26
Counsellors
,
10
Serjeants
and
under
Officers
;
and
is
divided
into
16
Wards
.
And
for
administring
Justice
,
there
is
a
Provost
,
3
Lieutenants
,
and
the
Judge
and
Consul
of
Merchants
.
In
the
City
and
Suburbs
are
10
Collegiate
and
44
Parochial
Churches
,
4
principal
Abbeys
,
besides
many
other
Religious
Houses
,
30
Hospitals
,
great
number
of
publick
Fountains
,
and
17
Gates
.
This
City
hath
undergone
the
Fate
of
most
Great
Ones
;
viz.
Hath
been
two
or
three
times
Besieged
,
twice
Burn'd
,
and
once
much
Damaged
by
an
Inundation
of
the
Seine
.
Our
King
Henry
V.
took
it
,
was
Crown'd
here
,
and
kept
his
Court
at
the
Louvre
in
great
State
and
Splendor
,
A.
D.
1422.
In
the
Civil
War
Paris
took
part
with
the
Leaguers
,
and
was
therefore
Besieged
in
the
Year
1589.
by
King
Henry
III
.
who
there
lost
his
Life
,
being
Murthered
by
Jacques
Clement
a
Friar
.
The
next
Year
it
was
block'd
up
by
Henry
IV
.
and
reduc'd
to
extream
Misery
,
and
to
that
want
of
Victuals
,
that
the
People
made
Bread
of
dead
Mens
Bones
;
yet
would
they
not
yield
,
but
held
out
till
the
Dukes
of
Parma
and
Mayenne
came
to
their
Relief
,
and
forced
the
King
to
raise
the
Siege
.
Paris
is
Situate
in
the
Latitude
of
48
Degrees
50
Minutes
,
and
Longitude
of
20
Degrees
15
Minutes
,
reckoning
from
Teneriffe
;
but
,
according
to
Sanson
,
23
Degrees
,
30
Minutes
;
and
is
distant
130
English
miles
from
Calais
to
the
South
,
60
from
Roan
to
the
S.
E.
300
from
Brest
to
the
E.
220
from
Lyons
to
the
N.
W.
130
from
Verdun
on
the
River
Meuse
,
and
230
from
Strasburg
on
the
Rhine
to
the
W.
180
from
Triers
,
155
from
Luxemburg
,
and
140
from
Namur
to
the
S.
W.
The
most
remarkable
Place
in
the
Neighbourhood
is
the
Bois
de
Vincennes
Situated
at
the
very
Gates
of
Paris
,
where
the
Citizens
often
walk
to
take
the
Air
,
and
divert
themselves
with
divers
kinds
of
Sports
and
Exercises
.
VERSAILLES
is
a
small
,
but
neat
Burrough
,
Situate
upon
a
rising
Ground
in
the
midst
of
a
Champain
Country
,
fit
for
Hunting
,
and
abounding
with
Game
,
at
the
distance
of
about
12
miles
from
Paris
to
the
W.
Lewis
XIII
.
built
a
small
Castle
here
,
to
serve
for
a
Hunting-Seat
;
but
the
present
King
fancying
the
Place
,
in
the
Year
1661
began
to
enlarge
it
,
by
the
addition
of
several
new
Buildings
,
which
he
hath
encreased
from
time
to
time
,
and
hath
been
at
prodigious
Expence
in
adorning
it
and
making
the
greatest
Variety
of
Water-Works
,
and
most
delightful
Gardens
,
that
probably
are
any
where
to
be
seen
.
This
beautiful
Palace
deserves
a
more
particular
Description
than
we
have
room
to
make
:
What
follows
will
be
sufficient
to
give
the
Reader
a
general
Idea
of
it
.
The
Passage
to
it
is
through
four
long
Rows
of
tall
Elm-trees
,
which
make
three
Alleys
;
the
middle
one
of
twenty
Fathoms
,
and
the
side
ones
of
ten
Fathoms
wide
;
at
the
end
of
these
,
on
each
side
,
fronting
the
House
,
are
the
Stables
,
which
for
Symmetry
and
Convenience
are
thought
the
finest
in
Europe
;
in
them
are
kept
near
five
hundred
Horses
of
the
King's
.
Between
this
and
the
Court
is
a
large
void
Space
,
from
whence
is
a
fair
View
of
the
whole
,
all
the
three
Courts
being
open
to
the
Front
,
and
only
divided
by
Iron
Ballustres
.
The
first
Court
is
named
the
Place-Royal
;
it
is
very
spacious
,
being
Eighty
Fathoms
square
:
In
the
Front
is
only
a
low
Wall
and
Iron
Ballustres
,
which
are
carried
out
in
a
half
Moon
,
and
on
the
Wings
are
a
very
handsom
Range
of
Buildings
,
which
are
the
Lodgings
of
some
of
the
Nobility
that
attend
the
Court
.
From
hence
you
pass
through
one
large
Gate
(
very
finely
adorn'd
with
Trophies
in
Iron-work
gilt
)
in
the
middle
of
a
large
and
high
Ballustre
of
Iron
,
gilt
,
into
the
first
or
great
Court
of
the
Palace
,
which
consists
also
of
two
Wings
of
Building
,
on
each
side
of
a
large
Court
,
but
so
much
smaller
than
the
Place-Royal
,
as
that
that
does
not
hinder
the
full
sight
of
this
;
in
the
middle
is
a
very
large
Fountain
:
The
Buildings
are
of
Brick
and
Stone
,
very
stately
,
and
adorn'd
with
very
fine
Carvings
,
and
Pillars
of
the
Corinthian
Order
,
which
support
Balconies
at
the
top
,
that
go
quite
round
each
Wing
;
on
the
Ballustre
whereof
stand
several
Statues
of
Stone
,
representing
the
Four
Elements
;
these
are
the
Lodgings
of
the
Officers
of
the
Houshold
:
Behind
them
are
square
Courts
and
other
Buildings
for
Offices
.
Next
is
the
second
or
smaller
Court
of
the
Palace
,
which
is
also
open
to
the
Front
;
the
Ground
is
raised
three
steps
,
and
paved
with
black
and
white
Marble
:
This
Court
is
still
smaller
than
the
former
,
for
the
same
Reason
;
and
here
the
Sight
is
terminated
by
the
Building
at
the
end
of
the
Court
,
which
with
the
two
Wings
make
the
Royal
Apartment
.
These
Buildings
are
very
magnificent
,
without
side
as
well
as
within
:
The
Entrance
is
by
three
Doors
of
Iron
,
richly
wrought
and
gilt
:
In
the
Wings
are
two
v●ry
noble
Stair-Cases
that
lead
to
the
Lodgings
,
in
which
appear
all
the
Pomp
and
Beauty
that
the
most
curious
Sculptures
and
Paintings
by
the
greatest
Masters
of
the
Age
,
together
with
excessive
rich
Furniture
,
can
make
:
Behind
this
,
and
fronting
the
Garden
,
is
a
noble
Range
of
Building
,
adorned
with
Statues
and
Carvings
,
and
a
Piazza
of
one
hundred
Yards
in
length
.
The
Gardens
are
extream
delightful
,
and
surpass
all
other
for
pleasant
Walks
and
great
number
of
Fountains
,
in
which
the
Water
is
diversified
a
thousand
ways
,
through
a
multitude
of
Marble
and
Copper
Statues
,
that
represent
abundance
of
curious
Devices
,
as
the
Triumphal
Arch
,
the
Water
Mountain
,
the
Theatre
,
the
Pyramid
,
the
Basin
of
Ceres
,
the
Basin
of
Flora
,
the
Basin
of
Apollo
,
the
Basin
of
Saturn
,
the
Basins
of
the
Crown
,
Mermaid
,
Dragon
,
the
Water-Bower
,
the
Watter-Alley
,
many
of
the
Fables
of
Aesop
represented
by
Figures
,
which
spout
Water
;
together
with
abundance
more
too
long
to
mention
.
Besides
these
Fountains
here
is
a
very
large
Canal
,
in
which
Yachts
and
Gallies
sail
and
row
to
and
again
:
On
one
side
of
the
Canal
stands
a
fine
Summer-house
called
Trianon
,
and
on
the
other
side
is
the
Menagerie
,
where
are
kept
all
the
Outlandish
Beasts
of
greatest
Rarity
.
Every
part
of
this
House
and
Garden
is
perfectly
beautiful
,
and
gives
Satisfaction
to
the
most
curious
Spectators
.
S.
Germain
en
Laye
,
is
a
very
fair
Town
pleasantly
seated
on
an
Hill
near
the
River
Seine
,
and
the
Wood
of
Laye
at
the
distance
of
15
Miles
from
Paris
to
the
West
,
and
4
from
Poissy
.
It
is
adorn'd
with
two
stately
Palaces
,
the
Old
and
the
New
,
in
which
the
French
Kings
have
often
resided
:
The
Gardens
and
Waterworks
were
formerly
much
celebrated
,
but
since
those
of
Versailles
have
been
made
,
they
are
less
regarded
.
In
this
Palace
were
born
Henry
II
.
A.
D.
1513.
Charles
IX
.
in
1550.
and
Lewis
XIV
.
on
the
5th
Day
of
September
,
1638.
A
Peace
was
concluded
here
between
the
said
Lewis
XIV
.
the
King
of
Sweden
and
the
Elector
of
Brandenburgh
on
the
29th
day
of
June
,
1679.
About
a
League
from
S.
Germain
,
toward
Paris
,
stands
The
Wood
of
Treason
,
le
Bois
de
la
Trahison
,
so
called
from
a
Plot
there
contrived
by
one
Ganelon
,
against
the
House
of
Ardennes
,
the
Peers
of
France
,
and
the
chief
Generals
of
the
Emperor
Charlemagne
,
which
was
afterward
put
in
Execution
at
the
Battle
of
Roncevaux
near
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
.
This
Wood
is
divided
by
a
large
Road
or
High-way
.
There
are
also
divers
other
considerable
Towns
not
far
from
Paris
particularly
those
of
Ruel
,
S.
Maur
S.
Cloud
,
where
the
King
hath
another
Palace
,
Meudon
,
Vanvres
,
Constans
,
Gonesse
,
Montmarte
,
&c.
besides
.
S.
Dennis
,
Fanum
Sancti
Dionysii
,
a
small
Town
water'd
with
the
Streams
of
a
Rivulet
,
called
La
Croae
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Seine
,
and
adorn'd
with
a
most
famous
Abbey
,
founded
by
King
●agobert
I.
as
also
a
stately
Church
,
which
the
same
Prince
erected
,
A.
C.
636.
in
hononour
of
S.
Denis
,
the
Patron
or
Tutelar
Saint
of
France
,
whose
Body
was
interred
therein
.
But
this
Church
being
in
time
fallen
to
decay
,
Abbot
Sugger
caused
it
to
be
rebuilt
in
a
larger
Form
,
as
it
now
appears
,
within
the
space
of
three
Years
and
three
Months
,
under
the
Reign
of
Lewis
VII
.
as
it
is
Recorded
in
the
Acts
of
the
said
Sugger
.
It
was
finished
A.
D.
1144.
and
hath
been
since
very
remarkable
for
its
Treasure
,
and
the
sumptuous
Tombs
of
the
French
Monarchs
.
The
Town
was
formerly
of
larger
extent
than
at
present
.
It
is
a
little
way
distant
from
the
Seine
to
the
East
,
and
8
miles
from
Paris
to
the
North
.
Montmorency
,
M●nmorenciacum
aut
Mons
Morentiacus
,
a
small
Town
distant
about
12
Miles
from
Paris
to
the
North
West
,
stands
on
an
Hill
,
and
hath
imparted
its
Name
to
a
very
pleasant
and
fruitful
Valley
;
as
also
to
an
illustrious
Family
that
Founded
the
Church
of
S.
Martin
.
Indeed
Montmorency
is
the
principal
Barony
of
the
Realm
,
and
the
first
Territory
dignified
with
this
Title
,
which
was
heretofore
conferred
only
on
Princes
,
and
whereon
(
as
they
say
)
above
600
Mannors
in
Fee
sometime
depended
.
Afterward
King
Henry
II
.
erected
it
into
a
Dutchy
,
A.D.
1551.
in
Favour
of
Anne
de
Montmorency
Constable
of
France
;
and
when
this
Family
was
extinct
,
Lewis
XIII
.
bestowed
the
same
Title
on
Henry
of
Bourbon
,
Prince
of
Conde
,
in
1633.
This
Town
was
burnt
by
the
English
in
1358.
BRIE-FRANCOIS
,
Bria
Francica
,
lies
between
the
Rivers
Seine
and
Marne
;
it
is
a
very
fertile
Country
in
Corn
,
Fruits
,
&c.
The
Principal
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Lagny
.
-
Brie
Comte
Robert
.
-
Rosoy
.
-
Ville-Neuve
St.
George
.
LAGNY
,
Latiniacum
,
is
a
large
Town
situated
on
the
River
Marne
,
over
which
it
hath
a
fair
Stone-bridge
17
Miles
from
Paris
to
the
East
,
4
from
Gournay
sur
Marne
,
and
12
from
Meaux
to
the
South-West
.
It
enjoys
the
Title
of
a
County
;
in
it
is
a
Famous
Monastery
of
Benedictin
Monks
Founded
by
S.
Fursi
or
Fou●si
,
a
Scotch
Gentleman
,
in
the
Eighth
Century
.
This
Town
was
ruin'd
by
the
Normans
in
the
Ninth
Century
,
but
Herbert
of
Vermandois
repair'd
it
,
caused
the
Church
to
be
rebuilt
,
and
was
buried
therein
,
A.
C.
993.
Many
other
noble
Men
were
likewise
Benefactors
to
the
same
Abbey
,
and
Ives
,
Legate
of
the
See
of
Rome
,
held
a
Council
in
it
,
A.
D.
1142.
Brie-Comte-Robert
,
Bria-Comitis-Robert
,
is
a
Town
of
small
extent
,
built
near
the
Brook
Yerre
,
in
a
very
Fruitful
Country
,
15
Miles
from
Paris
to
the
South-East
,
wherein
is
established
a
Court
of
Judicature
depending
on
the
Castelet
of
Paris
.
It
is
also
supposed
to
have
been
the
Place
of
Nativity
of
Pope
Martin
IV
.
Rosoy
,
Rosetum
,
is
seated
upon
the
same
Rivulets
Yerre
above
Brie-Comte-Robert
,
20
Miles
from
Meaux
to
the
South
,
and
somewhat
more
from
Paris
to
the
South-East
.
Ville-Neuve
S.
George
,
Villa-Nova
Sancti
Georgii
,
is
a
small
Burgh
standing
near
the
River
Seine
,
10
Miles
from
Paris
to
the
South
,
and
about
8
from
Corbeil
.
HUREPOIS
,
Hurepaesium
,
constitutes
part
of
of
the
Provostship
and
Vicounty
of
Paris
,
beginning
at
the
Seine
under
the
little
Bridge
,
and
extending
it self
along
the
side
of
the
River
to
Corbeil
,
between
Beausse
to
the
West
,
Brie
to
the
East
,
and
Gatinois
to
the
South
.
The
chief
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Melun
,
Cap.
-
Corbeil
,
-
La
Ferte-Alois
,
-
Fontaine-bleau
,
&c.
MELUN
,
Melodunum
,
a
very
fair
,
large
and
populous
Town
,
is
seated
on
the
Seine
,
at
the
distance
of
8
Miles
from
Corbeil
,
33
from
Sens
to
the
North-West
,
and
25
from
Paris
to
the
South
.
It
is
built
on
an
Island
,
and
on
both
sides
of
the
River
,
after
the
manner
of
Paris
,
which
gave
occasion
to
the
Proverb
,
Apres
Paris
Melun
.
It
is
without
doubt
a
Place
of
much
An●iquity
,
and
was
considerable
in
the
time
of
Julius
Caesar
,
as
is
declared
by
him
in
his
Commentaries
.
It
is
well
Fortified
with
a
Castle
,
encompassed
with
large
Suburbs
,
and
adorned
with
a
great
number
of
beautiful
Churches
,
particularly
the
Collegiate
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
the
Parochial
of
S.
Stephen
.
S.
Aspar
,
and
S.
Ambrose
,
besides
the
Abbey
of
S.
Peter
and
divers
other
Monasteries
.
Moreover
it
bears
the
Title
of
a
County
,
and
hath
given
its
Name
to
an
Illustrious
Family
,
from
whence
have
sprung
many
Prelates
and
Officers
of
the
Crown
.
The
Normans
sacked
this
Town
,
A.
C.
845.
the
English
Forces
took
it
after
a
Siege
of
4
or
five
Months
in
1420.
and
it
suffered
much
damage
during
the
Civil
Wars
of
France
in
the
XVI
Century
,
but
hath
since
recovered
its
former
Splendor
.
Corbeil
,
C●rbelium
,
aut
Corvolium
,
olim
Josedum
,
stands
also
on
the
Banks
of
the
Seine
,
which
receives
into
its
Channel
the
Waters
of
the
Juine
,
or
River
of
E●ampes
,
being
distant
7
Miles
from
Melun
,
15
from
Fontaine-bleau
to
the
North
,
and
as
many
from
Paris
to
the
South
.
It
was
heretofore
a
Roman
Colony
,
and
took
its
Name
from
Corvulo
Governor
of
the
Gauls
.
It
was
governed
by
its
own
Counts
since
the
X
and
XI
Centuries
,
of
whom
one
named
Aimoin
founded
the
Church
of
S.
Spire
,
and
established
therein
a
College
of
12
Canons
in
memory
of
the
12
Apostles
;
b●●
hath
been
united
to
the
Crown
ever
since
the
time
of
Lewis
the
Gross
,
and
hath
still
the
Title
of
a
County
:
Here
is
a
fair
Stone-bride
of
nine
Arches
over
the
Seine
.
Fontaine-bleau
,
Fons
Bellaqueus
,
seu
Fons
Aquae
Pulchrae
,
is
a
very
fair
Town
distant
about
3
Miles
from
the
Seine
,
18
from
Melun
,
and
30
from
Paris
to
the
South
:
Near
this
place
is
situated
the
Forest
of
Bicure
,
containing
26000
Acres
of
Ground
,
together
with
many
Herds
of
Deer
and
all
sorts
of
Game
;
in
the
midst
of
which
large
Wood
of
high
Trees
stands
the
Royal
Palace
of
Fontain-bleau
,
taking
its
Name
from
the
great
number
of
Springs
,
of
clear
Water
and
Fountains
that
appear
on
all
sides
.
A
Castle
was
first
erected
here
by
King
Lewis
VII
.
A.
D.
1169.
but
Francis
I.
began
to
beautifie
it
with
divers
sorts
of
Ornaments
,
more
especially
a
curious
Library
which
was
afterwards
transported
to
Paris
,
and
his
Successors
continuing
in
the
same
design
,
have
since
rendered
it
one
of
the
most
magnificent
Seats
of
Europe
.
About
3
Leagues
from
Fontaine-bleau
,
is
another
stately
Mansion-House
or
Palace
known
by
the
Name
of
Fleury
.
which
is
remarkable
for
a
large
Canal
of
Spring-water
enclosed
with
Walls
on
both
sides
,
a
large
Walk
shaded
with
Trees
,
that
seem
to
be
joined
together
in
an
admirable
Arbour
,
&c.
The
Territory
of
GATINOIS
,
Vastinium
,
lies
to
the
South
of
Hurepois
bordering
on
Beausse
.
It
derives
its
Name
from
the
Rocks
and
Sands
which
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Country
call
Gastines
:
Part
of
this
Province
belongs
to
the
Government
of
the
Orleannois
;
that
part
that
belongs
to
this
Government
of
the
Isle
of
France
,
contains
these
principal
Towns
.
viz.
-
Nemours
,
Cap.
-
Dourdan
,
-
Courtenay
,
-
Moret
,
-
Montheri
,
-
Mo●targis
.
NEMOURS
,
Nemosium
,
aut
Nemoracum
,
is
Situated
in
a
Plain
on
the
River
Loing
,
and
defended
with
an
old
Castle
,
being
distant
10
Miles
from
Fontaine-bleau
,
15
from
Montargis
,
and
40
from
Paris
to
the
South
.
The
most
considerable
publick
Edifices
,
are
,
the
Priory
of
S.
John
,
and
the
Abbey
of
Nostro
Dame
de
la
Joye
,
possessed
by
Nuns
of
the
Cistercian
Order
.
This
Town
was
heretofore
subject
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
certain
particular
Lords
,
and
afterward
to
that
of
its
Counts
;
until
,
at
length
,
Charles
VI
.
caused
it
to
be
enclosed
with
Walls
,
and
erected
the
adjacent
Territory
into
a
Dutchy
,
A.
D.
1404.
Dourdan
,
Durdanum
aut
Dardincum
,
is
a
small
Town
seated
on
the
Frontiers
of
Beausse
on
the
River
Orge
,
26
Miles
from
Paris
toward
Orleans
,
and
28
from
Nemours
to
the
North-West
.
It
at
first
was
part
of
the
Possessions
of
Hugh
Capet
,
but
hath
been
since
often
pawn'd
and
sold
,
and
at
last
bought
by
Lewis
XIII
.
It
was
also
very
much
infested
during
the
Civil
Wars
,
and
taken
by
the
Protestants
in
the
Years
1562
and
1567.
Courtenay
,
Curtiniacum
and
Corteniacum
,
stands
on
an
Hill
on
the
Banks
of
the
Rivulet
Clairy
,
between
Sens
to
the
East
,
and
Montargis
to
the
West
,
about
56
Miles
from
Paris
to
the
South
.
This
Town
,
thô
of
very
small
compass
,
hath
nevertheless
imparted
its
Name
to
divers
Princes
,
whose
Actions
are
celebrated
in
the
the
French
History
,
and
of
whom
some
have
been
Emperors
of
Constantinople
.
Montargis
,
Montargium
,
aut
Mons
Argi
,
is
a
very
fair
Town
built
at
the
Foot
of
a
Hill
,
watered
with
the
River
Loing
,
and
fenced
with
an
old
Castle
,
which
was
Re-built
by
Charles
V.
being
distant
25
Leagues
from
Paris
to
the
South
towards
Nevers
,
and
18
from
Orleans
to
the
East
.
It
is
annexed
to
the
Demesns
of
the
Crown
,
and
bears
the
Titles
of
a
Balliage
,
Election
and
Provostship
.
It
was
Built
in
the
Year
1522
,
and
afterward
Rebuilt
and
enlarged
.
MANTOIS
,
Meduntanus
Ager
,
is
extended
from
St.
Germain
to
the
Frontiers
of
Normandy
,
along
the
sides
of
the
River
Seine
,
and
includes
within
its
Territories
these
considerable
Towns
,
viz.
-
Mante
,
Cap.
-
Poissy
,
-
Montfort
l'
Am●●ry
,
-
Meulan
,
-
St.
Germain
en
Laye
.
MANTE
,
Medunta
,
is
seated
on
the
South
side
of
the
River
Seine
,
which
is
there
cover'd
with
a
Stone
Bridge
,
near
the
Frontiers
of
Normandy
;
from
whence
it
is
distant
only
6
miles
,
and
also
25
from
Evreux
to
the
East
,
and
30
below
Paris
to
the
North-West
.
In
this
Town
died
King
Phillip
the
II
.
Surnamed
the
August
,
on
the
14th
day
of
July
,
A.
D.
1223.
Poissy
,
Pisciacum
,
is
a
small
Town
situated
near
the
Confluence
of
the
Oise
and
the
Seine
,
at
the
distance
of
15
miles
from
Paris
to
the
North-east
,
toward
Rouen
.
It
is
famous
for
the
Nativity
of
Lewis
IX
.
King
of
France
,
who
was
born
there
A.
D.
1215
,
and
on
the
account
of
a
Conference
held
between
the
Roman
Catholicks
and
Protestants
,
under
Charles
IX
.
Here
are
establish'd
divers
Religious
Houses
,
and
among
others
a
Convent
of
Nuns
of
the
Dominican
Order
,
founded
by
Phillip
the
Fair
,
&c.
Montfort
L'
Amaury
,
Montfortium
Amalrici
,
took
the
name
of
Amaury
from
that
of
its
Lords
,
and
stands
on
an
Hill
,
the
foot
whereof
is
watered
with
the
streams
of
a
little
River
;
27
miles
from
Paris
to
the
West
toward
Druex
,
and
15
from
Mante
to
the
South
.
King
Robert
caus'd
a
Castle
to
be
erected
here
,
which
is
now
half
ruin'd
,
and
enclos'd
the
Town
with
Walls
.
VEXIN-FRANCOIS
,
Veximum
,
aut
Velcassinum
Franciscum
,
is
extended
between
the
Rivers
Oise
and
Depte
,
including
these
Towns
,
within
its
Jurisdiction
.
-
Pontoise
Cap.
-
Magny
.
-
Chaumont
PONTOISE
,
Pontisara
,
seu
Pons
ad
Oesiam
,
is
situated
on
a
Hill
and
the
Banks
of
the
Oise
,
between
L'Isle
Adam
and
the
confluence
of
this
River
,
with
that
of
the
Seine
,
20
miles
from
Paris
to
the
North-west
towards
Rouen
.
It
is
a
place
of
considerable
importance
,
and
adorned
with
a
fair
Stone
Bridge
over
the
Oise
,
from
whence
its
name
is
derived
.
Magny
,
Magniacum
,
stands
on
the
confines
of
Normandy
,
in
the
midst
between
Paris
and
Rouen
,
at
an
equal
distance
of
34
miles
from
both
these
Citys
.
Chaumont
,
Calvomontium
,
aut
Calvus
Mons
,
is
a
small
Town
between
Beauvais
to
the
South
and
Mante
to
the
North
,
being
distant
12
miles
from
the
first
,
and
20
from
the
last
,
and
16
from
Pontoise
to
the
North
.
BEAUVOISIS
,
Bellovacensis
Ager
,
lies
between
the
River
Oise
and
the
Frontiers
of
Normandy
,
to
the
North
of
Vexin
Francois
,
containing
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Beauvais
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Clermont
.
-
Gerberoy
.
-
Merlou
.
BEAUVAIS
,
Bellovacum
,
aut
Coesaromagus
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Therin
,
at
the
distance
of
43
miles
from
Paris
to
the
North
,
as
many
from
Rouen
to
the
East
,
30
from
Compeign
,
and
15
from
the
Borders
of
Picardy
.
It
is
a
large
and
well
fortified
City
and
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Rheims
,
the
Bishop
whereof
is
one
of
the
twelve
Ecclesiastical
Peers
of
the
Realm
.
It
is
Honourably
mentioned
by
Caesar
,
who
says
that
the
People
of
this
Territory
were
very
powerful
and
withstood
him
the
longest
.
This
is
called
the
Maiden
City
having
been
always
faithful
and
not
suffer'd
it self
to
be
taken
.
Our
English
Forces
attempted
to
surprize
it
,
A.
D.
1433
,
but
did
not
effect
it
.
Nor
did
Charles
the
Warlike
,
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
prove
more
successful
when
he
besieged
it
in
1472
,
being
forced
to
raise
the
Siege
26
days
after
his
Trenches
were
Open'd
.
However
,
violent
Commotions
often
arose
in
this
City
on
the
account
of
Religion
,
during
the
Civil
Wars
of
France
in
the
last
Age
.
It
is
a
place
of
good
Trade
,
which
consists
in
Stuffs
,
Cloaths
,
Earthen
Ware
,
&c.
The
Bishop
was
formerly
sole
Temporal
as
well
as
Spiritual
Lord
of
the
City
and
adjacent
Country
;
but
since
1539
,
a
Bailiwick
and
Presidial
have
been
establish'd
here
.
However
the
Bishop
hath
still
great
Power
,
and
is
Temporal
Lord
of
the
Borough
Gerberoy
,
and
rich
in
great
endowments
.
Clermont
,
Cleromontium
,
or
Clermont
en
Beauvoisis
,
for
Distinction
,
is
built
on
a
rising
ground
and
the
sides
of
the
River
Breches
,
16
miles
from
Beauvois
to
the
East
,
14
from
Compeigne
to
the
West
,
and
10
from
Senlis
to
the
North
.
It
hath
been
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
County
ever
since
the
time
of
Robert
of
France
,
Son
of
St.
Lewis
and
Count
of
Clermont
,
from
whom
the
Royal
House
of
Bourbon
is
deriv'd
,
Gerberoy
,
Gerboredum
,
stands
on
the
Frontiers
of
Picardy
,
8
miles
from
Beauvais
to
the
North-West
.
In
the
Reign
of
our
Henry
VI
.
A.
D.
1435.
the
Engglish
lost
a
Battle
near
this
Town
.
Merlou
is
a
Borough
seated
on
the
River
Terain
,
or
Therin
,
4
or
5
miles
from
Clermont
.
The
Duchy
of
VALOIS
,
Valesium
,
extends
it
sel
in
the
Isle
of
France
,
between
Beauvoisis
,
Soissonnois
and
Leonnois
containing
within
its
Limits
these
principal
Citys
and
Towns
,
viz.
-
Crespy
.
Cap.
-
Senlis
Bish
.
-
Compeigne
.
-
La
ferte
Milon
.
-
Pont
Sainte
Maixance
.
-
Villers
Cotterets
,
&c.
CRESPY
,
Crepiacum
,
aut
Crispeium
,
formerly
a
very
considerable
City
,
now
a
Town
of
a
small
compass
,
nevertheless
the
chief
of
the
Country
of
Valois
,
and
hath
in
it
a
Provostship
and
Castellany
;
it
is
distant
32
miles
from
Paris
to
the
North-east
,
15
from
Meaux
to
the
North
,
and
12
from
Compeign
to
the
South
.
In
this
Town
a
memorable
Treaty
of
Peace
was
concluded
between
the
Emperor
Charles
V.
and
King
Francis
I.
on
the
18
day
of
September
,
A.
D.
1544.
The
ancient
Counts
of
Valois
had
the
Title
of
Counts
of
Crespi
also
,
and
used
to
reside
here
in
a
Castle
said
to
be
built
by
King
Dagobert
,
which
is
now
almost
Ruin'd
.
Senlis
,
Sylvanectum
,
is
situated
in
a
very
pleasant
place
on
the
Brook
Nonnette
,
near
the
Forest
of
Rets
,
which
gives
occasion
to
its
Latin
Name
,
25
miles
from
Paris
to
the
North
,
16
from
Compeigne
to
the
South
,
5
from
the
River
Oise
,
and
25
from
Beauvais
to
the
South-east
,
It
is
a
considerable
City
,
being
the
Capital
of
the
County
,
or
Bailiage
of
Senlis
,
and
the
See
of
a
Prelate
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Rheims
.
St.
Proculus
Converted
the
Inhabitants
to
the
Christian
Religion
,
and
was
the
first
Bishop
of
this
Diocess
.
The
Cathedral
is
Dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
;
here
are
also
7
Parochial
and
two
Collegiate
Churches
.
The
City
of
Senlis
was
Besieged
by
the
Leaguers
in
1679
but
they
were
beaten
thence
,
and
a
signal
Battle
fought
on
that
occasion
between
the
Duke
of
Longueville
,
who
Commanded
the
King's
Forces
,
and
the
Duke
of
Aumale
,
one
of
the
Principal
Heads
of
the
League
,
wherein
the
latter
lost
1500
Men
.
Compeigne
,
Compendium
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Oise
,
which
a
little
above
falls
into
the
Aime
,
and
near
the
Forest
of
Guise
,
at
the
distance
of
15
miles
from
Senlis
,
40
from
Paris
10
the
North
,
16
from
Nayon
,
20
from
Soissons
to
the
West
,
30
from
Beauvais
to
the
East
.
It
had
a
stately
Castle
,
which
was
the
seat
of
several
of
the
Kings
of
France
;
of
these
Charles
II
.
Surnamed
the
Bald
,
Emperor
,
founded
a
famous
Monastery
,
and
repaired
and
beautified
the
whole
Town
,
and
call'd
it
Carolopolis
.
It
is
still
a
considerable
Town
,
and
a
Place
of
good
Trade
,
several
Manufactures
being
made
in
it
.
The
famous
Maid
of
Orleans
,
J●a●
of
Arcke
,
was
taken
Prisoner
here
by
the
English
,
when
they
besieged
it
in
1430.
Ferte-Milon
,
Firmitas
Milonis
,
is
water'd
by
the
Rivulet
Oure
,
or
Oureque
,
and
stands
between
Meaux
Soissons
and
Senlis
,
35
miles
from
Paris
to
the
North-east
,
and
40
from
Rheims
to
the
West
.
It
was
so
called
,
as
it
were
the
Force
or
Fortress
of
Count
Milon
,
who
built
it
under
the
Reign
of
Lewis
the
Gross
;
afterwards
it
was
possessed
by
Hugh
the
Great
,
the
Son
of
King
Henry
I.
Count
of
Vermondois
,
Valois
,
&c.
who
founded
the
Priory
of
Voulgis
.
It
is
a
good
Town
,
and
hath
large
Suburbs
and
a
strong
Castle
.
It
was
very
much
impair'd
during
the
Civil
Wars
,
in
the
end
of
the
XVI
Century
.
A
Provostship
and
Castlea●y
is
establish'd
here
,
from
whence
Appeals
lye
to
the
Presidial
Court
of
Senlis
.
SOISSONOIS
,
S●●ssi●nensis
Ager
,
lyes
between
Valois
and
Laonnois
,
and
hath
these
chief
Towns
,
viz.
-
Soissons
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Braine
.
-
Velly
,
&c.
SOISSONS
,
Suess●●es
,
sive
Suessones
&
Augusta
Suessonum
,
is
a
very
fair
,
large
and
well
fortified
City
,
seated
on
the
River
A●sne
,
at
the
distance
of
about
16
miles
from
the
Frontiers
of
Picardy
and
Champagne
,
24
from
Reims
to
the
West
,
22
from
Compeigne
to
the
East
,
30
from
Meaux
to
the
North
,
and
50
from
Paris
to
the
North-east
.
In
the
time
of
the
first
Race
of
the
French
Kings
,
it
was
the
Capital
City
of
a
Kingdom
of
the
same
Name
;
afterward
it
bore
the
title
of
a
County
,
and
was
annexed
to
the
Government
of
Picardy
as
well
as
Laon
,
although
they
now
depend
on
that
of
the
Isle
of
France
.
It
is
at
present
the
seat
of
a
presidial
Court
,
and
a
Generality
,
as
also
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
who
is
the
first
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Reims
,
and
in
his
absence
hath
a
right
to
Crown
the
Kings
of
France
.
The
Country
hereabouts
is
very
fruitful
in
Corn
.
Braine
,
Brennacum
,
aut
Brana
,
is
a
small
Town
and
Abby
on
the
River
V●sle
,
between
Fimes
to
the
East
,
and
Soissons
to
the
West
,
about
10
miles
from
each
,
and
5
from
the
River
Aisne
to
the
South
.
Veilly
stands
on
the
Aisne
10
miles
above
Soissons
,
a
small
Town
and
not
considerable
.
LAONNOIS
,
Ladunensis
Ager
is
extended
between
part
of
Champagne
,
Picardy
,
Beauvoises
and
Soissonois
,
including
these
principal
Cities
,
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
La●n
Bish
.
Cap.
-
●●●y
.
-
●iesse
.
-
Noyon
Bish
.
-
Chauni
.
-
Premontre
,
&c.
LAON
,
Laodunum
,
aut
Lugdunum
,
Clavatum
,
is
a
large
well
fortified
City
,
and
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Rheims
;
this
Bishop
is
one
of
the
ancient
Ecclesiastical
Peers
of
the
Realm
,
enjoys
the
title
of
a
Duke
,
and
hath
a
right
to
carry
the
Sacred
Vial
la
St.
Ampo●le
,
at
the
Coronation
of
the
Kings
of
France
.
It
was
at
first
only
a
Castle
built
at
the
top
of
an
high
Hill
,
and
called
Laudunum
,
from
a
Name
commonly
attributed
by
the
Gauls
to
all
places
of
such
Situation
,
but
in
time
grew
to
be
a
pretty
good
Town
,
which
King
Clovis
the
Great
enlarged
and
made
a
City
,
and
St.
Remigius
or
Remi
of
Reims
erected
the
Bishoprick
and
founded
a
Cathedral
Church
,
on
which
at
present
depend
84
Canons
,
of
which
four
are
Dignitaries
.
This
City
is
distant
30
miles
from
Paris
to
the
North-east
,
18
from
Soissons
,
35
from
Compeign
to
the
East
,
and
30
from
Rheims
to
the
North
west
.
Liesse
,
Laetitia
is
a
small
Town
on
the
Frontiers
of
Picardy
and
Champagne
,
about
8
miles
from
Laon
,
to
the
East
.
It
is
chiefly
famous
on
the
account
of
the
Pilgrims
that
frequently
resort
hither
from
divers
parts
to
pay
their
Devotions
in
a
Church
Dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
;
where
even
the
Kings
of
France
have
used
to
pay
their
Devotions
as
soon
as
they
came
to
the
Crown
without
which
they
believed
they
had
not
the
Power
to
cure
the
King's
Evil
.
Noyon
,
Noviodunum
Noviomagus
,
aut
Noviomum
,
is
situated
on
the
Rivulet
Verte
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Oise
,
at
the
distance
of
20
miles
from
Soissons
to
the
North-west
,
25
from
Laon
to
the
West
,
and
55
from
Paris
to
the
North
.
The
Archbishoprick
of
Vermand●is
was
translated
hither
A.
C.
520
when
Agusta
Vermanduorum
,
or
St.
Quintin
,
the
Metropolis
of
that
Diocess
,
was
ruin'd
by
the
Barbarians
.
Noyon
is
a
well-built
City
adorned
with
fair
Buildings
and
Magnificent
Churches
,
the
chief
of
which
is
the
Cathedral
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
besides
a
great
number
of
Fountains
,
and
four
Suburbs
.
This
Bishop
and
Jurisdiction
over
all
Flanders
before
Tournay
was
erected
into
a
See
.
He
is
still
Count
and
Peer
of
France
.
It
may
not
be
amiss
to
Note
that
the
famous
John
Calvin
was
born
here
,
A.
1509.
Chauny
,
Calniacum
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Oise
,
about
6
miles
from
Noyon
to
the
East
,
and
somewhat
less
from
La
Fere
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
Royal
Town
and
a
Castleany
,
although
of
a
small
compass
.
It
was
annexed
to
the
Crown
by
Charles
V.
A.
D.
1378.
Premontre
,
Praem●nstratum
,
is
a
Village
distant
8
miles
from
Laon
to
the
West
,
about
16
from
Noyon
to
the
East
,
and
15
from
Soissons
to
the
North
.
It
took
its
Name
from
a
Famous
Abby
of
Canons
Regular
of
St.
Augustin
,
Founded
there
by
St.
Norbert
,
sometime
Archbishop
of
Magdeburg
.
The
Isle
of
France
,
with
the
Soissonnois
,
Laonnois
,
Beauvaisis
,
&c.
hath
for
Governor
General
,
the
Duke
D'
Estrees
;
of
the
City
,
Vicounty
and
Provostship
of
Paris
,
the
Duke
di
Greves
,
besides
which
there
is
a
Grand
Provost
of
Paris
and
the
Isle
of
France
,
properly
so
called
;
4
Lieutenant-Generals
in
Beauvaisis
,
and
Vexin
Francois
,
a
Baily
of
Valois
,
about
20
Governors
of
the
King's
Houses
,
and
particular
Governors
of
Beauvais
,
Compeign
,
Marle
,
Laon
,
Noyon
,
and
Soissons
,
Villers
,
Senlis
,
Crespi
,
en
Valois
,
&c.
CHAP.
VI
.
BRETAGNE
,
Armonica
,
aut
Britannia
Minor
.
THE
Province
of
Bretagne
,
or
the
lesser
Britain
,
apparently
took
its
modern
Name
from
those
People
of
Great
Britain
who
,
having
escaped
the
fury
of
the
Saxons
,
arriv'd
on
these
Coasts
,
where
they
were
courteously
entertained
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
incorporated
with
them
into
one
Body
.
They
still
retain
a
different
Language
from
the
rest
of
France
.
This
Country
was
heretofore
called
Armorica
,
i
.
e
.
ad
Mare
sita
,
from
its
situation
on
the
Sea-shoar
,
and
afterward
Llydaw
,
in
the
British
Tongue
in
the
same
sense
;
as
also
Letavia
in
Latin
,
by
the
English
Writers
of
the
middle
Age
.
It
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
the
Provinces
of
Anjou
,
Maine
and
part
of
Normandy
,
advancing
it self
in
form
of
a
Penisle
to
the
West
into
the
Ocean
,
with
which
it
is
encompassed
on
the
three
other
sides
.
Its
utmost
extent
from
East
to
West
,
consists
of
about
170
English
miles
;
that
is
to
say
,
from
Vitrey
to
the
point
of
Conquet
,
and
about
100
miles
from
North
to
South
,
viz.
From
St.
Malo
to
the
Borders
of
Poictou
,
but
in
other
places
it
is
not
above
70
miles
broad
.
It
is
situated
between
the
47th
Degree
,
and
almost
the
49th
of
Latitude
.
Julius
Caesar
first
made
himself
Master
of
this
Province
,
and
it
remained
under
the
dominion
of
the
Romans
until
Maximus
having
caused
himself
to
be
proclaimed
Emperor
in
England
,
A.
C.
382
,
granted
to
one
of
his
Lieutenant-Generals
named
Conan
Meridiac
,
the
title
of
King
of
Armorica
or
Bretagne
,
which
Soveraignty
continued
until
the
time
of
Clouis
and
Chilperick
,
who
oblig'd
these
Princes
to
be
content
with
the
stile
of
Counts
.
But
they
often
Revolted
,
until
Dagobert
II
.
rendred
them
Tributary
;
and
Charlemagne
entirely
subdued
them
A.
C.
787.
However
they
took
up
Armes
against
Lewis
the
Debonnaire
and
Charles
the
Bald
,
and
their
last
King
Solomon
was
slain
in
Battle
.
Afterwards
the
Country
was
Govern'd
by
divers
Princes
until
the
Year
1213
at
which
time
Aix
,
the
Heiress
of
Bretagne
,
Married
Peter
of
Dreux
Maucler
,
whose
Successors
to
the
number
of
Ten
retained
the
Possession
thereof
under
the
title
of
a
Dutchy
,
until
A.
D.
1491
,
when
Ann
of
Bretagne
the
only
Daughter
of
Francis
II
.
the
last
Duke
was
espoused
to
King
Charles
VIII
.
and
afterward
to
Lewis
XII
.
who
inseparably
united
this
Dutchy
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
A.
D.
1491.
The
Soil
of
this
Province
yields
Pasture
,
Hemp
,
Wood
,
Minerals
,
some
Corn
but
no
Wine
;
and
about
Nantes
great
quantity
of
Salt
is
made
.
The
Meadows
feed
abundance
of
Cattle
,
especially
Horses
,
of
which
a
very
good
race
are
bred
here
.
Hemp
and
Flax
grows
in
great
plenty
,
so
that
abundance
of
Canvas
and
Linnen
is
made
here
.
The
Forests
are
many
and
large
,
and
contain
great
variety
of
●ame
.
Between
Chateau-Briant
and
Martignes
,
are
found
Mines
of
Iton
and
Lead
,
and
in
other
places
some
of
Copper
and
Tin
.
This
Province
is
happy
in
good
Havens
,
having
more
good
Sea-Ports
than
any
other
part
of
France
,
and
many
Islands
all
round
it
.
The
Inhabitants
are
good
Fisher-men
,
which
they
are
encouraged
to
by
the
great
variety
of
delicate
Fish
,
daily
taken
on
their
Coasts
;
particularly
Salmons
,
Herrings
,
Sardines
,
and
a
certain
Fish
of
a
most
delicious
taste
,
called
Imperador
,
or
Emperor
at
Marseille
,
and
Gracieux
Seignieur
or
Gracious
Lord
in
Bretagne
;
besides
Tunnies
,
Porpesses
,
Dolphins
,
Sturgeon
,
and
some
others
,
appropriated
to
the
Royal
Fishery
.
Travelers
admire
the
Jewels
of
Amber
at
Belle-Isle
,
the
Aqueducts
at
Dol
,
the
Vaults
between
Rieux
and
Redon
,
the
Subterranean
Torrent
in
the
Forest
of
St.
Aubin
du
Cormier
,
the
singular
Properties
of
the
River
Ardre
,
and
the
Lake
of
Grand-lieu
near
Nantes
,
from
whence
are
taken
many
Toad-stones
and
Serpent-Tongues
of
extraordinary
Vertue
,
The
most
considerable
Rivers
of
Bretagne
are
the
Loire
,
the
Vilaine
,
Rance
,
Blavet
,
Aufen
,
Trieux
,
Laitta
,
Oder
,
Arguenon
and
Covesnon
.
Bretagne
Divided
into
its
Principal
Parts
.
The
Upper
towards
the
East
in
5
viz.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Rennes
,
-
Chief
Town
,
Rennes
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Nantes
,
-
Chief
Town
same
Name
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
St.
Malo
.
-
Idem
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Dol
.
-
Idem
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
St.
Brieux
.
-
Idem
.
The
Lower
toward
the
West
in
4.
viz.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Treguier
.
-
Idem
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
St.
Paul
.
De
Leon
.
-
Idem
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Quimpercorentin
.
-
Idem
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Vannes
.
-
Idem
.
The
Bishoprick
of
Diocess
of
RENNES
,
Episcopatus
Rhedonensis
,
is
situated
on
the
Frontiers
of
Normandy
,
and
the
Province
of
Maine
,
and
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Bishoprick
of
Dol
.
The
chief
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Rennes
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Vitrey
.
-
Fougueres
.
-
Antraim
,
&c.
RENNES
,
Rhedones
aut
Conducte
Rhedonum
,
stands
on
the
River
Vilaine
,
which
here
receives
the
Lille
,
and
divides
the
Town
into
two
parts
,
and
at
the
distance
of
54
miles
from
Nantes
to
the
North
,
40
from
St.
Malo
to
the
South
,
and
30
from
the
Borders
of
the
Province
of
Maine
to
the
West
.
It
is
the
Capital
of
Bretagne
,
and
was
heretofore
the
place
of
Residence
of
the
Counts
or
Earls
of
Bretagne
,
and
hath
been
for
some
time
the
Seat
of
the
Parliament
of
the
whole
Province
,
which
was
Establish'd
there
by
King
Henry
II
.
It
is
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Tours
.
The
Diocess
contains
450
Parishes
,
besides
two
notalbe
Abbys
,
viz.
Of
St.
Magdalen
and
St.
George
,
built
within
the
Walls
of
the
City
,
a
College
of
Jesuits
,
and
divers
other
Houses
for
Religious
Persons
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
dedicated
to
St.
Peter
,
besides
which
there
are
several
Parochial
Churches
.
The
Palace
where
the
Parliament
Sit
,
is
a
fair
Building
.
The
Clock
of
it
is
admired
,
as
being
one
of
the
largest
in
France
.
This
City
is
pleasantly
sea●ed
in
a
fruitful
Country
,
being
environ'd
with
Pastures
and
Forests
,
and
hath
a
good
Trade
by
means
of
the
River
.
Vitrey
,
Vitroeum
,
Vitriacum
,
and
Victoriacum
,
is
a
fair
Walled
Town
,
bearing
the
Title
of
a
Barony
,
and
stands
also
on
the
Banks
of
the
Vilaine
,
24
Miles
above
Rennes
to
the
East
,
and
not
above
5
from
the
Borders
of
Maine
.
The
Protestants
had
formerly
a
considerable
Church
here
.
Fougeres
,
Fiticeriae
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Covesnon
,
near
the
Frontiers
of
Normandy
and
Maine
,
15
Miles
from
Vitrey
to
the
North
,
and
near
30
from
Rennes
to
the
South
;
5
from
Vitrey
,
and
as
many
from
Rennes
to
the
North
.
This
Town
hath
given
its
Name
to
a
Noble
Family
,
and
is
noted
for
the
fine
Glass
made
in
it
.
Raouel
de
Fougers
,
Fortified
it
and
Bulit
the
Castle
.
The
Bishoprick
of
NANTES
,
Episcopatus
Nannetensis
,
lies
to
the
South
of
Rennes
,
between
the
Frontiers
of
Anjou
and
Poitou
,
and
the
River
Vilaine
.
The
most
considerable
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Nantes
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Ancenis
,
-
Chateau-Briant
,
-
Guerande
,
-
Machecou
,
-
Clisson
,
-
La
Roche-Bernard
,
&c.
NANTES
,
Nannetes
,
aut
Condivincum
,
the
Capital
City
of
a
County
of
the
same
Name
,
is
seated
on
the
Northern
Bank
of
the
River
Loire
,
near
the
confluence
of
the
River
Ardre
,
about
30
Miles
from
the
Sea
to
the
East
,
40
from
Angers
to
the
West
,
and
55
from
Rennes
to
the
South
.
It
was
the
Seat
of
the
later
Dukes
of
Bretagne
,
and
gave
the
Title
of
a
Count
to
their
eldest
Sons
.
It
is
at
present
a
handsome
large
City
,
well
Fortified
,
and
hath
a
strong
Castle
flanked
with
Towers
and
Half-Moons
.
It
is
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
who
is
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Tours
,
and
is
a
Councellor
in
the
Parliament
of
Rennes
.
Here
is
a
University
,
a
Presidial
,
Generality
and
Chamber
of
Accounts
.
The
Publick
Buildings
are
the
Cathedral
Dedicated
to
St.
Peter
,
a
fair
ancient
Structure
,
beautified
with
two
high
Towers
;
in
it
are
to
be
seen
the
Tombs
of
several
Dukes
of
Bretagne
;
the
Collegiate
Church
of
the
Virgin
Mary
,
and
some
Parochial
ones
;
divers
Monasteries
;
the
Town-House
built
after
the
Modern
Architecture
;
the
Palace
of
the
Chamber
of
Accounts
;
that
of
the
Presidial
Court
,
with
a
beautiful
Tower
and
Clock
;
and
a
stately
Hospital
.
This
City
is
a
great
Mart
for
Trade
;
vast
quantities
of
all
sorts
of
Merchandizes
are
brought
in
by
the
River
Loire
,
which
flows
up
to
its
Walls
,
and
brings
up
very
large
Boats
,
and
Ships
of
small
Burden
:
And
from
hence
by
the
same
Rivers
Foreign
Goods
are
sent
to
Anjou
,
Blois
,
Orleans
,
&c.
and
Native
Commodities
brought
down
;
an
excellent
sort
of
Brandy
is
Exported
hence
to
Foreign
Countries
.
By
reason
of
this
convenience
of
Traffick
,
the
City
has
from
time
to
time
been
largely
encreased
,
and
there
are
now
four
Suburbs
round
it
,
which
are
well
filled
with
Inhabitants
.
A
famous
Edict
in
Favour
of
the
Protestants
was
made
here
by
King
Henry
IV
.
A.
D.
1598
,
which
was
Registred
in
the
Parliament
of
Paris
,
and
Confirmed
and
Sworn
to
by
his
Successor
Lewis
XIII
.
Notwithstanding
which
the
present
King
hath
Repealed
it
in
the
Year
1685.
and
severely
Persecuted
the
Protestants
.
Ancenis
,
Ancenissum
,
and
Andenesium
,
was
heretofore
the
chief
Town
of
the
Amnites
,
stands
likewise
near
the
banks
of
Loire
,
and
is
distant
25
Miles
from
Angers
to
the
West
,
and
18
from
Nantes
to
the
North-East
.
It
was
formerly
defended
with
a
Castle
Built
by
Aremburg
,
the
Wife
of
a
Breton
Count
,
named
Gueree
,
&c.
Chateau-Briant
,
Castrum
Brientii
,
is
a
small
Town
Fenced
with
an
old
Castle
on
the
Frontiers
of
Anjou
,
about
30
Miles
from
Nantes
to
the
North
.
Guerande
,
Guerada
,
aut
Aula
Quiriaca
,
is
between
the
Mouths
of
the
Vilaine
and
the
Loire
,
38
Miles
below
Nantes
to
the
West
,
and
is
remarkable
on
account
of
the
adjacent
Salt-pits
,
near
the
Port
of
Croisil
.
Machecou
,
Machicolium
,
is
the
chief
Town
of
a
small
County
,
commonly
called
the
Duchy
of
Retz
,
and
seated
on
the
South
side
of
the
Loire
,
about
10
Miles
from
it
,
20
from
Nantes
to
the
South-West
,
4
from
the
Frontiers
of
Poitou
,
and
about
5
from
the
Coasts
of
the
Ocean
.
The
Bishoprick
or
Diocess
of
St.
MALO
,
Episcopatus
Macloviensis
,
is
situated
on
the
Northern
Part
of
the
Province
,
near
that
of
Dol
,
and
includes
these
remarkable
Towns
,
viz.
-
St.
Malo
,
Bishoprick
.
-
Dinant
,
-
Jocelin
,
-
Montfort
,
&c.
St.
MALO
,
Maclovium
,
or
Macloviopolis
,
one
of
the
chief
Towns
and
Ports
of
the
upper
Bretagne
,
is
seated
on
the
Northern
Coast
,
and
built
on
a
Rock
in
the
Sea
,
call'd
the
Island
of
St.
Aaron
,
and
joined
to
the
Continent
by
the
means
of
a
long
Causey
,
of
not
above
30
Fathoms
broad
,
the
entrance
whereof
is
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
,
flanked
with
large
Towers
,
and
the
Town
surrounded
with
Walls
,
deep
Ditches
,
and
a
sufficient
Garrison
;
besides
which
to
the
Sea
it
is
secured
by
a
shoal
of
Sand
that
encompasses
it
,
and
several
Rocks
and
small
Islands
,
that
make
a
Haven
of
difficult
Access
,
insomuch
,
that
it
is
reputed
one
of
the
Keys
of
France
.
It
is
considerable
for
its
Traffick
and
Strength
,
and
the
Skill
of
its
Inhabitants
in
Maritime
Affairs
,
by
which
means
great
numbers
of
Privateers
are
in
time
of
War
from
hence
fitted
out
,
and
much
disturb
the
Trade
of
these
Seas
.
It
was
Founded
on
the
Ruins
of
the
ancient
Alet
,
or
Guid-Aleth
.
and
derives
its
Name
from
that
of
its
first
Bishop
Maclovius
,
or
Macutus
,
and
is
distant
10
Miles
from
Dol
to
the
North-West
,
36
from
Rennes
,
and
90
from
Nantes
to
the
North
,
and
200
Miles
West
from
Paris
.
St.
Malo
was
at
first
only
an
Abbey
,
until
the
Bishoprick
of
Quidalet
was
translated
thither
in
the
Year
1172.
but
it
hath
ever
since
retained
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Tours
.
The
Cathedral
Dedicated
to
St.
Vincent
,
is
one
of
the
most
ancient
of
all
France
.
Jean
de
la
Grille
,
removed
the
Episcopal
See
hither
,
A.
D.
1650.
Besides
the
Cathedral
,
there
are
many
fair
Monasteries
,
and
some
other
publick
Buildings
of
good
Note
.
map
A
PARTICULAR
CHART
of
the
Road
and
Adjacent
Coasts
of
St.
MALO
as
also
of
the
Mouth
of
the
RIVER
DINAN
as
they
appear
at
the
Lowest
Tides
Dinant
,
Dinantium
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Rance
,
about
15
Miles
from
St.
Malo
to
the
South
.
This
Town
in
time
past
hath
been
well
Fortified
,
and
hath
conferr'd
the
Title
of
an
Earl
on
the
younger
Sons
of
the
Duke
of
Bretagne
.
Jocelin
,
is
a
small
Town
on
the
side
of
the
River
Ouste
,
or
Aust
,
near
40
Miles
from
Rennes
to
the
West
,
and
as
many
from
St.
Brieux
to
the
South
.
Montfort
,
a
small
Town
on
the
River
Melin
,
which
falls
into
the
Vilaine
,
stands
10
Miles
from
Rennes
to
the
West
.
The
Diocess
of
DOL
,
Episcopatus
Dolensis
,
is
of
small
Extent
,
and
adjoins
to
that
of
St.
Malo
;
it
lies
in
the
North-East
Angle
of
Bretagne
,
and
bounded
by
the
Frontiers
of
Normandy
and
the
Ocean
.
The
City
of
Dol
,
Dola
,
and
Dolensis
Urbs
,
is
seated
in
a
Marshy
Plain
,
at
the
distance
only
of
6
Miles
from
the
Coasts
of
the
British
Sea
to
the
South
,
10
from
St.
Malo
to
the
South-East
,
and
30
from
Rennes
.
It
takes
up
a
very
little
space
of
Ground
in
compass
,
but
is
defended
with
a
strong
Fort
.
The
Cathedral
Church
bears
the
Name
of
St.
Sonson
,
who
was
the
first
Bishop
of
this
Diocess
;
and
some
of
his
Successors
have
assum'd
to
themselves
the
Title
of
Metropolitans
of
the
Province
,
which
Preeminence
nevertheless
after
a
long
Tryal
at
Law
,
was
at
length
granted
to
the
Archbishop
of
Tours
.
The
Bishoprick
or
Diocess
of
St.
BRIEUX
,
Briace●sis
Episcopatus
,
lies
between
those
of
St.
Malo
,
Treguier
and
Vannes
,
containing
these
Principal
Towns
,
viz.
-
St.
Brieux
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Pontieux
.
-
Quintin
.
-
Jagon
.
-
Lambale
,
&c.
St.
BRIEUX
,
Briocum
,
aut
Fanum
Sancti
Brioci
,
is
situated
on
the
Gulph
of
Hilion
,
between
the
Rivers
of
Trieu
and
Arguenon
,
being
distant
25
Miles
from
Treguier
to
the
East
,
36
from
St.
Malo
to
the
West
,
and
55
from
Rennes
.
It
is
well
Fortified
,
and
hath
a
convenient
Habour
on
the
Coasts
of
the
British
Sea
.
This
City
takes
its
Name
from
St.
Brieux
,
one
of
its
Prelates
.
The
Episcopal
See
was
first
Founded
by
Neomene
Duke
of
Bretagne
.
in
the
time
of
King
Charles
II
.
sirnamed
the
Bald
,
A.
C.
144.
and
its
Bishop
is
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Tours
.
Pontrieux
,
is
a
good
Town
,
seated
on
the
River
Trieu
,
from
which
it
takes
its
Name
,
at
the
distance
of
about
10
Miles
from
the
British
Sea
,
and
20
from
St.
Brieux
to
the
West
.
Quintin
,
Quintinum
,
is
a
small
Town
,
and
stands
about
10
Miles
from
S.
Brieux
to
the
South
.
Lambale
,
Lambalium
,
was
heretofore
the
Chief
Town
of
the
Arabiliates
,
an
ancient
People
mention'd
by
Caesar
(
according
to
the
Opinion
of
la
Vigenere
and
others
)
and
sometime
appertained
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
House
o●
Clisson
;
it
is
distant
only
10
or
12
Miles
from
the
British
Sea
,
12
from
S.
Brieux
to
the
East
,
and
45
from
Rennes
to
the
North-West
.
This
Place
is
more
especially
Famous
on
the
account
of
the
adjacent
Pastures
,
wherein
are
fed
many
Herds
of
Cattle
,
and
for
its
considerable
Trade
in
Parchment
,
&c.
The
Bishoprick
of
TREGUIER
,
Episcopatus
Trecoriensis
,
extends
it self
on
the
Northern
Coasts
of
this
Province
,
between
S.
Brieux
and
S.
Pol
de
Leon
,
including
these
chief
Towns
,
viz.
-
Treguier
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Morlaix
,
-
Guingamp
,
-
Lannian
,
-
Garlesquin
.
TREGUIER
or
LANTRIGUET
,
Trecora
aut
Trecorium
,
olim
Vorganium
,
is
a
very
ancient
City
on
the
Northern
Coasts
of
Bretagne
,
and
hath
been
often
exposed
to
the
Incursions
of
the
Saxons
,
Danes
and
Normans
.
The
Bishop
is
both
Spiritual
and
Temporal
Lord
thereof
,
and
assumes
the
Title
of
a
Count
.
The
Cathedral
Church
bears
the
Name
of
S.
Tudgal
,
who
was
the
first
Prelate
of
this
City
.
It
hath
a
safe
Harbour
on
the
Coasts
of
the
British
Sea
,
and
is
distant
25
Miles
from
S.
Brieux
to
the
West
,
23
from
S.
Pol
de
Leon
to
the
East
,
and
80
from
Rennes
to
the
North-West
.
Morlaix
,
Morlaeum
aut
Mons
Relaxus
,
situate
on
the
side
of
a
Hill
,
between
two
Valleys
,
near
the
Sea-Coasts
,
on
a
River
of
the
same
Name
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
a
Bay
called
le
Toreau
:
It
is
a
very
large
,
well-built
,
and
populous
wall'd
Town
;
the
River
is
deep
,
and
receives
Vessels
of
100
Tuns
,
which
come
up
into
the
Town
;
by
the
Convenience
whereof
it
is
a
Place
of
good
Trade
,
which
consists
in
Flax
,
Canvass
,
Paper
(
made
here
in
great
quantity
)
Linnen-Cloth
and
other
Commodities
that
are
exported
hence
to
England
,
Holland
,
and
other
Parts
.
This
hath
so
encreased
the
number
of
the
Inhabitants
,
that
two
Suburbs
have
been
added
to
the
Town
,
which
are
named
Venice
and
S.
Matthew
.
Here
are
many
beautiful
Buildings
,
among
which
the
Palace
called
l'Hopital
is
one
of
the
stateliest
in
the
Province
,
and
magnificent
Churches
,
whereof
that
of
the
Virgin
Mary
is
the
most
noted
.
On
the
top
of
the
Hill
stands
the
remainder
of
an
old
Castle
,
now
almost
ruin'd
.
Morlaix
is
distant
30
Miles
from
Treguier
,
to
the
South-West
,
40
from
Brieux
to
the
West
,
and
12
from
S.
Pol
de
Leon
to
the
South-East
.
The
Bishoprick
or
Diocess
of
S.
POL
DE
LEON
,
Episcopatus
S.
Pauli
Leonini
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
and
West
by
the
Ocean
;
on
the
South
by
the
Bishoprick
of
Quimper-Corentin
,
and
on
the
East
by
that
of
Treguier
.
The
Principal
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
S.
Pol
de
Leon
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Lesneven
,
-
Lanaerneau
,
-
Brest
,
-
Portal
,
-
The
Isle
of
Ouessant
,
or
Ushant
,
&c.
S.
PAUL
,
or
POL
DE
LEON
,
or
LEONDOUL
,
Leona
&
Fanum
Sancti
Pauli
Leonini
,
aut
etiam
Staviocanus
Portus
,
&
Civitas
Osismiorum
,
was
a
considerable
Town
even
in
the
Time
of
Julius
Caesar
,
who
in
his
Commentaries
makes
mention
of
Osismii
,
whose
Capital
City
(
according
to
Ptolemy
)
was
Vorganicum
,
which
is
called
Vergium
in
the
Roman
Itinerary
,
and
Osismii
in
the
Notitia
Imperii
;
it
hath
been
ruined
long
since
,
and
of
its
ancient
Diocess
have
been
formed
these
three
of
S.
Pol
de
Leon
,
S.
Brieux
and
Treguier
.
This
City
is
situated
on
the
Sea-Coasts
between
Lantriguet
or
Treguier
and
Brest
,
and
is
distant
about
30
Miles
from
each
,
and
100
from
Rennes
to
the
West
.
It
hath
a
safe
Harbour
,
and
is
defended
with
a
Fortress
,
wherein
some
of
the
Dukes
of
Bretagne
have
formerly
resided
.
It
is
also
at
present
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Tours
,
and
the
Capital
City
of
a
small
Territory
called
Leonnois
;
it
hath
been
possessed
by
its
own
proper
Princes
,
until
about
the
Year
1254
,
when
John
I.
Duke
of
Bretagne
,
purchased
this
Principality
.
Its
first
Bishop
was
named
Paul
,
who
died
Anno
600
,
was
Canonized
,
and
from
him
the
City
had
its
Name
.
The
Chapter
is
composed
of
a
Chanter
,
3
Archdeacons
,
16
Canons
,
7
Prebendaries
styled
Vicars
,
&c.
The
Inhabitants
speak
the
Low
British
Language
more
purely
and
elegantly
than
the
other
of
the
same
Country
.
Landerneau
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
little
River
Elorne
,
which
falls
into
the
Bay
of
Brest
;
and
is
distant
24
Miles
from
S.
Pol
de
Leon
to
the
South-West
.
It
is
noted
for
the
Richness
of
the
Soil
of
its
Neighbouring
Country
.
Brest
,
Brivates
Portus
,
olim
Gesocribale
&
Gesobrivatae
,
is
a
Famous
Sea-Port-Town
,
seated
on
the
North
side
of
a
large
commodious
Bay
or
Harbour
,
which
opens
to
the
Ocean
in
the
most
extream
Western
part
of
the
Continent
of
France
.
The
Entrance
of
this
Harbour
called
the
Goulet
,
is
exceeding
difficult
,
by
reason
of
certain
Rocks
,
known
by
the
Names
of
Minons
,
Filets
and
Mingant
,
that
lie
under
Water
at
high
Tide
,
and
is
therefore
the
more
secure
Retreat
for
the
French
King's
Ships
of
War
,
for
which
this
is
the
only
Port
he
has
on
this
Side
the
Mediterranean
.
Wherefore
this
Town
is
one
of
the
Grand
Magazines
of
the
Admiralty
of
France
;
Toulon
in
the
Mediterranean
being
the
other
;
and
in
this
Harbour
the
greatest
number
of
the
French
Navy
,
as
in
that
the
Ships
of
greatest
Burthen
,
Winter
,
and
are
fitted
out
.
The
Naval
Stores
and
Provisions
for
70
Sail
of
Men
of
War
are
laid
up
in
this
Town
,
and
Ships
of
80
and
90
Guns
are
built
here
,
which
makes
Brest
a
populous
and
rich
Place
.
It
is
well
Fortified
after
the
Modern
manner
,
with
strong
Walls
,
and
a
Castle
well
sustained
with
Outworks
and
Batteries
.
It
is
distant
35
Miles
from
S.
Pol
de
Leon
to
the
South-West
,
and
15
from
the
Promontory
of
Conquet
.
map of Brest
A
CHART
OF
THE
ROAD
AND
ADJACENT
COASTS
OF
BREST
.
Conquet
,
is
a
small
Sea-Town
,
situate
near
the
Southern
Cape
of
the
Bay
of
Brest
,
not
considerable
,
and
only
mention'd
because
it
gives
name
to
the
Road
between
it
and
the
Islands
of
Belinguier
,
Molines
,
&c.
The
Island
of
OUESSANT
or
USHANT
,
Uxentius
,
Uxantis
,
&
Uxentissena
,
called
Axantos
by
Pliny
,
and
Uxantissena
by
Antonius
,
lies
at
the
distance
of
30
Miles
Westward
from
Brest
,
and
is
not
above
20
Miles
in
compass
;
nevertheless
it
hath
obtained
the
Title
of
a
Marquisate
.
It
is
Fortified
with
a
Castle
,
and
contains
some
rich
Towns
of
Note
.
The
Bishoprick
of
QUIMPER-CORENTIN
,
Episcopatus
Corisopitanus
,
is
bounded
on
the
N.
by
that
of
S.
Pol
de
Leon
,
on
the
W.
and
S
,
by
the
Ocean
,
and
by
the
Diocess
of
Vannes
to
the
E.
and
takes
up
the
S.W.
Corner
of
the
Lower
Bretagne
,
and
contains
these
remarkable
Towns
,
viz.
-
Quemper-Corentin
,
B.
Cap.
-
Concornean
,
-
Quimperlay
,
-
Douvarenes
,
-
Chatee-Lin
,
-
Guirene
,
&c.
QUIMPER-CORENTIN
,
Corisopitum
,
olim
Curiosotivae
,
is
the
Metropolis
of
a
small
Territory
in
the
lower
Bretagne
,
named
Cornouaille
from
the
County
of
Cornwall
in
England
,
whence
the
City
it self
is
also
sometimes
,
thô
improperly
,
call'd
Cornoualle
.
Its
ancient
Name
is
Kemper
or
Quimper
,
whereto
Corentin
was
added
from
that
of
its
first
Bishop
,
who
is
supposed
to
have
been
ordain'd
by
S.
Martin
of
Tours
,
its
Episcopal
See
being
as
yet
subject
to
that
Metropolitan
.
This
City
was
heretofore
possessed
by
its
own
Counts
or
Earls
;
it
is
of
a
large
Extent
,
well
built
,
and
very
considerable
for
its
Traffick
,
and
situated
on
the
Oder
,
into
which
a
small
River
falls
,
that
surrounds
the
Town
,
and
makes
it
a
kind
of
an
Island
.
The
Oder
is
so
deep
,
that
Barks
of
a
large
size
are
convey'd
at
high
Tide
to
the
Port
,
at
the
confluence
of
the
two
Rivers
,
where
stands
the
Suburbs
term'd
,
The
Duke's-Land
,
inhabited
by
many
rich
Merchants
.
The
Cathedral
is
a
stately
Edifice
,
and
of
much
Antiquity
,
adorned
with
two
large
Towers
:
The
Chapter
consists
of
a
Dean
,
2
Archdeacons
,
a
Treasurer
,
a
Theologal
or
Prebendary
,
and
12
other
Canons
.
There
are
also
divers
other
Churches
,
and
Monasteries
,
and
the
Bishop's
Palace
,
which
is
a
very
magnificent
Pile
of
Building
.
This
City
stands
about
12
Miles
from
the
Southern
Shoar
of
Bretagne
,
and
30
from
Brest
,
and
from
Rennes
about
120
Miles
to
the
East
.
Concarneau
,
Conquerneau
or
Concorneum
,
is
a
well
Fortified
Town
and
Castle
on
the
Sea-coast
,
lying
between
Blavet
and
Penmark
15
Miles
from
Quimper
Corentin
to
the
South-East
.
Quimperlay
,
Quimperlaeum
,
is
a
reasonable
good
Town
seated
at
the
Confluence
of
the
two
little
Rivers
,
Isotta
and
Laitta
,
about
8
Miles
from
the
Sea-coasts
,
and
30
from
Quimper
Corentin
.
Douarnenes
,
a
small
Town
about
10
Miles
N.
E.
from
Quimper
Corentin
,
gives
name
to
a
large
Bay
,
adjoining
to
that
of
Brest
.
The
Bishoprick
or
Diocess
of
VANNES
,
Episcopatus
Venetiensis
,
is
bounded
on
the
S.
by
the
Ocean
,
on
the
E.
by
the
Diocess
of
Nantes
,
on
the
N.
by
that
of
S.
Brieux
,
and
on
the
W.
by
that
of
Quimper
Corentin
.
The
chief
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Vannes
,
Bish
.
Cap
-
Port
Louis
,
or
Blavet
,
-
Hannebon
,
-
Auray
,
-
Malestroit
,
&c.
-
and
Bell-Isle
.
VANNES
or
VENNES
,
Venetia
aut
Dariorigum
Venetorum
,
the
Capital
City
of
the
Lower
Bretagne
,
stands
on
an
incommodious
Bay
,
being
fill'd
with
little
Islands
,
into
which
the
Sea
flows
through
a
Canal
named
Montalbon
,
and
is
distant
55
Miles
from
Rennes
to
the
S.
W.
somewhat
less
from
Nantes
to
the
West
,
and
60
from
Quimper
Corentin
to
the
East
.
It
is
defended
with
an
old
Castle
call'd
l'
Hermire
,
which
was
formerly
a
Palace
of
the
Dukes
of
Bretagne
.
The
Cathedral
dedicated
to
St.
Peter
,
hath
a
considerable
Chapter
,
and
divers
other
fair
Churches
contribute
much
to
render
it
a
splendid
City
,
but
the
Fury
of
the
Civil
Wars
hath
diminish'd
part
of
its
ancient
Lustre
.
Port
Louis
or
Blavet
,
Portus
Ludovici
at
Blavetum
,
is
a
small
but
well
Fortified
Town
on
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Blavet
,
that
takes
its
rise
near
the
Burgh
or
Village
of
Grace
in
the
Diocess
of
S.
Brieux
,
and
dischargeth
it self
into
the
Sea
at
the
Port
of
Blavet
;
which
is
a
capacious
and
safe
Harbour
,
and
distant
26
Miles
from
Vannes
to
the
W.
and
near
40
from
Quimper
Corentin
to
the
E.
Hannebon
,
Hannebontum
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
same
River
Blavet
.
about
8
Miles
from
Blavet
to
the
North
,
and
26
from
Vannes
to
the
West
.
Bell-Isle
,
Calonesus
,
a
considerable
Island
on
the
Southern
Coasts
of
the
Province
of
Britagne
,
lies
at
the
distance
of
about
3
or
4
Leagues
from
the
Continent
of
France
,
and
is
almost
encompassed
with
small
Isles
or
Rocks
.
Its
extent
from
W.
to
E.
is
about
10
Miles
,
and
its
greatest
breadth
about
5
Miles
.
It
hath
a
fair
Haven
and
some
strong
Forts
over-against
Vannes
and
Auray
.
The
whole
Island
is
at
present
divided
into
4
Parishes
,
and
thô
of
a
small
compass
,
yet
affords
much
good
Pasture-Ground
,
for
Cattle
.
It
is
also
remarkable
for
its
Salt-Pits
,
and
on
the
account
of
the
frequent
Passage
of
Vessels
along
the
adjacent
Coasts
,
but
especially
because
it
is
the
usual
Rendezvous
of
the
French
Fleet
,
when
they
put
to
Sea
.
Bell-Isle
was
heretofore
possess'd
by
the
Monks
of
the
Abby
of
S.
Croix
of
Quimper
,
till
King
Charles
IX
.
erected
it
into
a
Marquisate
,
and
bestowed
it
on
the
Count
of
Raic
,
A.D.
1573.
The
Abby
hath
been
also
endow'd
for
some
time
with
so
plentiful
a
Revenue
,
that
it
was
esteem'd
a
competent
Preferment
for
Antony
of
Bourbon
,
Base
Brother
to
King
Henry
IV
.
to
be
created
Lord
Abbot
thereof
.
The
principal
Place
bearing
the
Name
of
the
Town
,
is
adorn'd
with
a
very
stately
Citadel
or
Castle
,
called
the
Palace
,
and
so
well
fenced
of
late
with
Ramparts
and
other
Works
,
according
to
the
modern
Method
of
Fortification
,
that
it
seems
to
be
almost
impregnable
.
The
Governor
General
of
Bretagne
at
present
is
the
Duke
de
Chaunes
;
under
whom
are
two
Lieutenants-General
,
whereof
one
hath
the
Inspection
of
all
the
Province
except
the
County
of
Nantes
,
under
whom
are
two
Lieutenants
.
The
other
hath
the
care
of
that
Country
only
.
There
are
also
particular
Governors
in
these
Places
,
viz.
Nantes
,
Vannes
,
S.
Malo
,
Dinant
,
Vitre
,
Brest
,
Quimper
,
Blavet
and
Bell-Isle
.
map
THE
MARQUISATE
AND
GOVERNMENT
OF
BELL-ISLE
.
Devided
into
it
's
four
Parishes
OF
THE
PALACE
BANGOR
LOMARIA
AND
SAUZON
CHAP.
VII
.
L'
ORLEANOIS
,
or
the
County
of
Orleans
,
Aurelatensis
Ager
.
ORLEANOIS
is
one
of
the
most
fruitful
and
pleasant
Countries
of
France
,
and
its
Jurisdiction
is
one
of
the
largest
extent
,
as
comprehending
Fourteen
or
Fifteen
small
Provinces
,
every
one
of
which
hath
its
particular
Governor
.
This
Government
takes
its
name
from
Orleans
,
its
chief
City
,
but
Appeals
lie
from
thence
to
the
Parliament
of
Paris
.
〈◇〉
it
is
extended
from
East
to
West
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
the
Castle
of
Chinon
in
Nivernois
as
far
as
the
Coasts
of
the
Ocean
,
the
space
of
about
270
miles
;
and
190
miles
from
South
to
North
,
viz.
from
Moubrun
in
Angoumois
to
Nonancourt
in
Normandy
;
It
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Isle
of
France
and
Normandy
;
on
the
East
by
Champaigne
and
Burgundy
;
on
the
South
by
Xaintongue
,
Perigert
,
la
Marche
and
Bourbonnois
;
and
on
the
West
by
Bretagne
and
the
Sea
:
and
it
lies
from
South
to
North
between
the
45th
degree
40
Minutes
,
and
the
48th
degree
50
Minutes
of
Latitude
;
as
also
from
West
to
East
,
between
the
14th
degree
40
Minutes
,
to
the
21
degree
40
Minutes
of
Longitude
,
which
ought
to
be
understood
of
its
greatest
length
and
breadth
.
The
Soil
is
extreamly
rich
,
plentifully
bringing
forth
Corn
,
Fruits
,
Wine
and
every
thing
necsseary
for
the
support
of
Human
Life
,
abounding
likewise
in
Verdant
Meadows
,
Pastures
and
Woods
.
The
great
Forest
of
Orleans
is
especially
remarkable
,
it
containing
70000
Acres
of
Land
,
and
double
that
in
the
time
of
Francis
I.
The
principal
Rivers
are
the
Loire
,
into
which
the
Indre
,
the
Cher
,
and
the
Vienne
,
enlarged
with
the
Streams
of
the
Creuse
,
discharge
themselves
between
Montereau
and
Langest
in
Touraine
:
The
Mayne
in
like
manner
,
being
joyn'd
to
the
Sartes
a
little
above
Angers
falls
into
the
same
River
Loire
about
a
League
below
that
City
.
The
Aller
also
falls
into
the
Loire
a
little
below
Nevers
.
Lastly
,
the
Charante
takes
its
rise
in
Angoumois
,
passeth
through
Xaintonge
,
and
runs
into
the
Sea
over
against
the
Island
of
Oleron
.
Orleans
in
general
divided
into
Fifteen
Countries
or
Provinces
,
viz.
-
1
Orleanois
,
properly
so
call'd
,
chief
City
.
-
Orleans
.
-
2
Blasois
.
-
Blois
.
-
3
Beause
,
proper
:
-
Chartres
.
-
4
Perche
.
-
Nugent
le
Rotrou
.
-
5
Maine
.
-
Mans
.
-
6
Vendomois
.
-
Vendome
.
-
7
Anjou
.
-
Angers
.
-
8
Poictou
.
-
Poitiers
.
-
9
Annis
.
-
Rochel
.
-
10
Angoumois
.
-
Angoulesme
.
-
11
Touraine
.
-
Tours
.
-
12
Berry
.
-
Bourg●s
.
-
13
Nivernois
.
-
Nevers
.
-
14
Part
of
Gabinois
.
-
Montargis
.
-
15
The
Islands
of
Oleron
,
Ree
and
Oye
,
Nermonstier
and
Armot
.
ORLEANOIS
,
properly
so
call'd
,
Aurelanensis
,
Ager
,
lies
between
Berry
Gabinois
,
Beauce
and
Blassois
.
The
most
considerable
Towns
of
this
Country
are
these
,
viz.
-
Orleans
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Beaugency
.
-
La
Ferte
Seneterre
,
or
S.
Aubin
.
-
Sully
.
-
Gergeau
.
-
Pluvi●rs
,
&c.
ORLEANS
,
Aurelia
,
Aurelianensis
Urbs
,
olim
Genabum
,
is
one
of
the
principal
Cities
of
France
;
it
is
situate
on
the
River
Loire
,
on
the
side
of
a
Hill
,
and
in
form
of
a
Bow
.
It
's
a
very
ancient
City
,
and
by
some
said
to
have
been
built
by
the
Druids
;
or
according
to
others
by
the
Emperor
Marcus
Aurelius
,
A.
D.
163.
who
gave
it
the
name
.
The
buildings
are
fair
and
beautiful
,
thô
old
:
The
Fortifications
are
a
Terras
and
a
strong
Wall
,
with
40
Towers
on
it
.
From
the
middle
of
the
City
there
is
a
bridge
over
the
Loire
built
of
Stone
upon
16
Arches
,
which
leads
into
one
of
the
Suburbs
.
On
this
bridge
stands
a
Statue
of
the
Virgin
Mary
,
and
on
her
right
,
at
some
distance
another
of
King
Charles
VII
.
and
on
her
left
one
of
the
famous
Virago's
Joan
d'
Arc
,
all
three
of
Copper
.
This
City
was
the
capital
of
a
separate
Kingdom
,
in
the
first
Ages
of
the
French
Monarchy
:
At
present
it
bears
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
which
is
appropriated
to
the
second
Sons
of
the
Kings
of
France
.
It
is
also
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
who
is
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Paris
,
and
adorn'd
with
a
famous
University
,
founded
by
King
Philip
the
Fair
The
Cathedral
is
a
venerable
and
sumptuous
building
;
its
Chapter
consists
of
59
Canons
and
12
Dignitaries
:
Besides
the
Cathedral
here
are
4
Collegiate
and
22
Parochial
Churches
.
A
Generality
is
establish'd
here
(
to
which
12
Elections
,
containing
1148
Parishes
resort
)
and
also
a
Bailiage
and
Presidial
.
The
Country
round
it
is
very
fruitful
and
pleasant
,
and
the
River
furnishes
them
with
the
Commodities
of
Foreign
Nations
from
Nantes
,
as
well
as
the
Product
of
their
own
from
the
more
Southern
Provinces
.
Orleans
hath
sustain'd
divers
Sieges
;
Attila
King
of
the
Huns
invested
it
A.
D.
450.
but
it
was
reliev'd
and
the
Huns
totally
routed
by
Aetius
the
Roman
General
,
assisted
by
Merovaeus
the
French
King
and
Theodorick
the
Goth
.
In
the
Year
1423.
our
English
Forces
under
the
command
of
Thomas
Mauncute
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
besieged
this
City
,
and
reduc'd
it
to
great
distress
,
but
a
certain
Maid
of
18
years
old
,
call'd
Joan
of
Arc
,
came
to
the
King
of
France
,
and
pretending
her self
sent
from
God
,
put
on
Man's
Habit
and
Armour
,
and
having
got
into
Orleans
,
did
so
animate
the
besieg'd
,
that
by
their
frequent
Sallies
,
in
which
Joan
was
always
the
formost
,
they
forc'd
the
English
to
raise
the
Siege
,
having
lost
the
Earl
of
Salisbury
,
the
Lord
Molines
,
the
Lord
Poynings
and
many
Soldiers
.
This
Woman
was
for
some
time
the
Director
of
the
French
Armies
,
in
which
she
had
great
Success
,
till
at
length
being
taken
by
the
English
,
she
was
burnt
for
a
Witch
.
In
the
civil
War
the
Protestants
made
themselves
Masters
of
this
City
;
and
being
besieged
by
the
Duke
of
Guise
,
he
was
treacherously
slain
by
John
Poltrot
,
Feb.
14th
1563.
and
a
Month
after
a
Peace
was
concluded
and
the
City
Surrendred
:
But
in
1567.
the
Protestants
again
seiz'd
it
,
and
for
a
long
time
it
was
their
Head
Quarters
.
Orleans
is
seated
,
as
hath
been
said
,
upon
the
River
Loire
,
and
is
distant
near
70
miles
from
Paris
to
the
South
,
160
from
Nantes
to
the
East
,
220
from
Bourdeaux
to
the
North-East
,
190
from
Lyons
to
the
North-west
,
130
from
the
Head
of
the
River
Meuse
to
the
West
,
60
from
Tours
,
and
30
from
Blois
to
the
East
,
55
from
Bourges
to
the
North
,
and
70
from
Sens
to
the
West
.
Sully
,
Sulliacum
,
&
La
Ferte-Seneterre
or
S.
Aubin
,
are
two
Towns
of
good
Note
,
both
bearing
the
Title
of
Dutchies
;
the
former
is
seated
on
the
Loire
,
28
miles
above
Orleans
to
the
East
,
and
the
other
10
miles
from
the
same
City
to
the
South
.
Gergeau
,
or
Gargeau
,
Gergotium
,
stands
in
like
manner
on
the
banks
of
the
Loire
,
10
miles
above
Orleans
to
the
East
.
Our
English
Forces
gain'd
this
Town
from
the
French
,
A.
D.
1420.
but
John
II
.
Duke
of
Alenson
,
retook
it
by
Storm
in
the
Year
ensuing
,
BLASOIS
,
Blesensis
Ager
,
is
extended
between
Berry
,
Orleanois
proper
,
whereof
it
is
a
part
,
Beausse
,
Perche
,
Vandomois
and
Touraine
,
The
chief
Towns
of
this
Country
are
.
-
Blois
,
Capital
.
-
Chateau
Dun
.
-
Mer
.
-
Remorentin
.
BLOIS
,
Blesae
,
&
Blesense
Castrum
,
the
Chief
Town
of
a
Territory
of
the
same
name
,
is
seated
on
the
side
of
an
Hill
near
the
South
banks
or
the
River
Loire
,
over
which
is
built
a
fair
Stone
Bridge
,
at
the
distance
of
30
miles
from
Orleans
to
the
West
,
and
as
many
from
Tours
.
It
is
honoured
with
the
Title
of
a
County
and
beautified
with
a
most
magnificent
Castle
,
not
long
since
repair'd
by
Gaston
Duke
of
Orleans
,
which
(
by
reason
of
the
pleasantness
of
the
place
,
and
wholsomness
of
the
Air
)
hath
often
afforded
a
Royal
Seat
to
the
Kings
of
France
,
and
wherein
one
of
them
,
viz.
Lewis
XII
.
was
born
on
the
27th
day
of
June
,
A.
D.
1461.
Besides
that
,
it
hath
heretofore
afforded
Nurture
to
many
young
Princes
of
the
Royal
Family
;
not
to
mention
that
the
first
Counts
of
Blois
were
descended
from
Hugh
Capet
.
Moreover
the
spacious
Park
and
adjacent
Garden
are
much
admir'd
by
Travellers
;
it
may
perhaps
not
be
amiss
to
observe
that
divers
Queens
of
France
have
died
at
Blois
,
particularly
Ann
the
Wife
of
Charles
VIII
.
and
Lewis
XII
.
A.
D.
1514.
Maude
the
Wife
of
Francis
I.
in
1524.
and
Catharine
of
Medicis
the
Wife
of
Henry
II
.
in
1589.
In
the
Year
1562.
this
City
being
possessed
by
the
Protestants
,
was
taken
and
sackt
by
the
Kings
Forces
under
the
Duke
of
Guise
.
In
1576
,
the
Assembly
of
the
Estates
of
the
Kingdom
were
convoked
hither
by
King
Henry
III
.
to
accomodate
the
Differences
between
the
Hugenots
and
the
Papists
,
but
broke
up
in
a
little
time
without
effecting
it
.
Again
,
in
the
Year
1588
they
met
here
upon
occasion
of
the
great
Disorder
th
Kingdom
was
brought
into
by
the
Holy
League
,
and
the
Duke
of
Guise
,
the
Head
of
it
was
here
slain
in
the
Castle
by
the
Kings
command
.
Chateau
Dun
,
Castellodonum
,
called
corruptly
Chaudun
,
is
a
neat
well
built
Town
on
the
Loire
,
and
the
Capital
of
the
small
Country
of
Dunois
.
It
hath
an
old
Castle
,
and
is
distant
25
miles
from
Blois
to
the
North
,
and
20
from
Vendome
to
the
East
;
it
is
seated
upon
a
small
River
,
which
rises
about
20
miles
from
hence
,
and
bears
the
name
of
the
Loire
also
,
and
falls
into
the
great
Stream
at
Angers
.
Remorentin
or
R●m●rentin
,
Remorentinum
,
R●morentinum
,
&
Rivus
More●entino
,
is
a
good
Town
,
seated
upon
a
little
River
,
that
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Cher
,
and
is
distant
25
miles
from
Blois
to
the
South-east
.
Those
Geographers
that
call
this
part
the
Lower
Orleanois
,
make
this
Town
the
Capital
of
another
Division
named
Sologne
.
BEAUSSE
or
BEAUCE
,
Belsia
.
lies
between
the
Isle
of
France
,
Perche
,
Blasois
and
Orleanois
;
and
its
most
remarkable
Towns
are
,
-
Chartres
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
N●gent
le
R●y
.
-
D●eux
.
-
Gaillardon
.
-
Bonneval
.
-
Espernon
.
CHARTRES
,
Carnutum
,
Carnutes
,
aut
Autricum
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
Province
of
Beausse
,
and
of
the
Territo●y
of
Chartrain
is
situated
on
a
Hill
,
and
on
the
b●●●s
of
the
River
Eure
,
45
miles
from
Paris
to
the
South-west
,
and
as
many
from
O
leans
to
the
North
.
It
is
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Archbishop
of
Paris
.
This
City
and
its
Territories
were
sometimes
subject
to
its
own
Counts
,
but
united
to
the
Crown
,
in
1528.
And
Francis
I.
erected
it
into
a
Dutchy
,
in
favour
of
Madam
Renee
of
France
,
Dutchess
of
Ferrara
.
It
is
an
ancient
Ci●y
,
but
fair
and
well
built
;
the
Streets
are
but
narrow
,
but
the
publick
Places
are
spacious
,
and
the
Houses
neat
;
the
Churches
are
magnificent
,
especially
the
Cathedral
,
which
is
remarkable
for
its
beautiful
Quire
,
Church
under
Ground
and
two
very
fine
Steples
;
the
Chapter
is
compos'd
of
72
Canons
,
and
17
Dignitaries
,
within
the
Diocess
are
contain'd
30
Abbies
,
257
Priories
,
and
above
1300
Parishes
.
Rollo
Duke
of
Normandy
Besieg'd
the
City
of
Chartres
,
A.
D.
911
,
and
in
1019.
it
was
almost
entirely
consum'd
by
Fire
.
In
1568.
the
French
Protestants
in
vain
besieg'd
it
.
It
adher'd
to
the
League
Party
,
and
stood
out
against
Henry
IV
.
who
at
length
took
it
,
and
caus'd
himself
to
be
Crown'd
therein
,
A.
D.
1591.
Nogent-le-Roy
,
Nonigentum
,
seu
Nogentum
R●gium
,
stands
on
the
banks
o●
the
River
Eure
,
where
it
first
begins
to
be
Navigable
,
12
miles
from
Chartres
to
the
North
,
and
8
from
Dreux
to
the
South
.
This
Town
about
five
Ages
ago
,
was
named
Nogent
l'Erembert
,
Nonigentum
Erembertium
,
according
to
the
report
of
the
French
Historiagrapher
Du
Chesne
,
and
is
remarkable
for
the
Death
of
King
Philip
of
Valois
,
which
happen'd
there
on
the
22d
day
of
April
,
A.
D.
1350.
Dreux
,
Drocum
,
the
chief
Town
of
a
County
of
the
same
name
,
is
seated
on
the
River
,
at
the
foot
of
a
Hill
,
on
which
is
erected
a
Castle
,
formerly
well
Fortified
,
but
now
half
ruin'd
.
It
is
a
very
ancient
Town
,
and
said
to
be
built
by
Druis
a
King
of
the
Gauls
.
It
is
distant
about
20
miles
from
Chartres
to
the
North
,
and
40
from
Paris
to
the
West
.
Robert
the
Son
of
Lewis
the
Gross
,
obtain'd
the
Country
of
Dreux
,
in
1137.
and
from
him
are
Descended
the
Counts
of
this
Name
,
as
also
a
branch
of
the
Family
of
the
Dukes
of
Bretagne
.
This
place
is
famous
for
a
bloody
Battle
fought
near
it
,
between
the
French
Roman
Catholicks
and
Protestants
,
A.
D.
1652.
PERCHE
,
Perticus
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
,
by
Normandy
,
on
the
West
by
Meine
,
on
the
South
by
Vendomis
,
and
on
the
East
by
Beausse
.
It
is
usually
divided
into
the
Upper
,
or
the
County
and
the
Lower
,
or
Perche
Go●et
,
from
the
name
of
one
of
its
ancient
Lords
.
Its
chief
Towns
are
,
-
Nogen●-le-Retrou
,
Capital
.
-
M●●●igne
.
-
Timerois
,
D.
-
La
Pierriere
.
-
Au
on
,
&c.
NOGENT-LE
ROTROU
,
N●nigentum
Rotrudum
,
olim
N●vidunum
seu
Ne●dunum
,
is
situated
on
the
River
H●isne
,
almost
in
the
midst
between
Chartres
to
the
East
,
and
Mans
to
the
West
,
about
35
miles
from
each
.
It
is
the
principal
Town
of
the
upper
Perche
,
and
generally
esteem'd
the
fairest
througout
the
whole
Kingdom
of
France
,
and
is
very
much
enrich'd
by
divers
sorts
of
Manufactures
,
particularly
of
Silks
,
Linnen-cloath
and
Leather
.
The
Earl
of
Salisbury
took
this
Place
during
the
Wars
betwixt
the
English
and
the
French
in
the
XVth
Century
,
and
caus'd
many
of
the
Inhabitants
to
be
Hang'd
;
but
the
French
Ki●g
Charles
VII
recover'd
it
,
A.
D.
1449.
Mortaigne
,
Moritania
,
stands
on
a
Hill
and
a
Brook
,
which
begins
to
form
the
River
Huigne
,
or
Huisne
,
about
8
mlies
from
the
Frontiers
of
Normandy
,
and
40
from
Chartres
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
very
pleasant
Town
,
and
adorned
w●th
divers
fair
Churches
,
a
Castle
,
&c.
Timerais
,
Timerensis
Pagus
,
is
a
Town
on
the
Confines
of
Normandy
,
30
miles
from
Nogent
,
bearing
the
title
of
a
Principality
.
Maine
,
Ager
Meduanus
,
hath
Normandy
for
its
Northern
Bounds
,
Perche
,
Vendomois
,
and
Beausse
on
the
East
,
Britagne
on
the
West
,
and
part
of
Touraine
and
Anjou
on
the
South
.
It
is
usually
divided
into
the
Upper
and
Lower
,
and
contains
these
chief
Towns
,
viz.
-
Mans
,
Bish
.
Capital
.
-
M
yenne
,
D.
-
Laval
.
-
La
Ferte
Bernard
.
-
Sable
.
-
Beaumont-le-Vicomte
.
-
Chateau-du-Loire
,
&c.
MANS
,
Ceromenum
,
olim
Vindinum
,
is
situate
on
the
Confluence
of
the
Sarte
and
the
Huisne
,
about
60
miles
from
Chartres
to
the
East
,
25
from
the
confines
of
Normandy
to
the
South
,
and
40
from
Tours
to
the
North
.
It
is
a
very
ancient
City
,
but
hath
been
much
more
considerable
than
it
is
at
present
:
For
Aimoin
assures
us
,
that
under
Charlemaigne
it
was
one
of
the
most
Flourishing
of
Gallia
Belgica
;
since
which
time
,
the
Incursions
of
the
Normans
,
the
Wars
of
the
English
,
and
the
frequent
Conflagrations
it
hath
suffer'd
,
have
so
far
defac'd
its
Beauty
,
that
it
hath
often
chang'd
its
Form
.
However
,
a
Presidial
Court
is
held
therein
,
and
it
is
as
yet
the
See
of
a
Prelate
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Tours
.
The
Cathedral
Church
was
at
first
Dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
afterward
to
S.
Gervace
,
and
at
length
to
S.
Julian
,
who
was
the
first
Bishop
of
this
Diocess
.
M●yenna
,
Mad●ana
,
is
pleasantly
seated
on
a
River
of
the
same
name
,
15
miles
from
the
Frontiers
of
N
rmandy
,
and
35
from
Mans
to
the
North-west
.
This
Town
formerly
bore
the
title
of
a
Marquisate
,
and
was
afterwards
erected
into
〈◇〉
Dutchy
,
and
given
to
the
Family
of
Guise
.
Laval
,
or
Laval-Guion
,
Lavallium
aut
Vallis
Guidonis
,
is
situated
on
the
River
M●●●●●●
,
about
16
miles
below
Mayenne
,
and
15
fro●
the
Confines
of
Anjou
to
the
North
.
It
apperta●●●
〈◇〉
the
Noble
Family
of
Trimouille
,
and
is
chiefl●
remarkable
for
its
Manufacture
of
Linnen
cloath
.
La
Ferte-Bernard
,
Firmitas
Bernardi
,
is
a
large
Town
,
built
on
the
side
of
the
River
Huisne
,
near
the
Frontiers
of
Perche
.
It
is
distant
25
miles
from
Mans
to
the
East
.
A
Court
of
Justice
is
held
therein
at
certain
times
.
The
Dutchy
of
ANJOU
,
Ducatus
Andegav●nsis
,
borders
on
Maine
to
the
North
,
Bretagne
to
the
West
,
Poitou
to
the
South
,
and
Touraine
to
the
East
,
including
about
30
Leagues
in
length
,
and
20
in
breadth
.
It
affords
vast
quanties
of
excellent
Wine
,
and
Quarries
of
Slate
,
with
which
all
the
Houses
are
cover'd
,
and
is
water'd
with
36
Rivers
,
the
chief
of
which
are
the
Loite
,
the
Sarte
,
the
Loir
,
the
Mayenne
,
the
Dive
,
the
Vienne
,
the
Touay
,
the
Larion
,
the
Eure
.
and
the
Guinate
,
besides
so
great
a
number
of
Lakes
,
Ponds
,
Brooks
,
and
Springs
,
that
some
Persons
are
of
opinion
,
that
the
name
of
Anjou
is
deriv'd
from
Aiguade
,
signifying
Water
.
This
Province
was
given
by
Charles
the
Bald
to
Robert
of
Saxony
,
A.
D.
870
,
with
the
title
of
Earl
of
Anjou
,
whose
Son
Eudes
was
King
of
France
,
and
his
Great
Grandson
Hugh
Capet
,
began
the
third
Race
of
those
Monarchs
.
Hugh
the
Great
,
Father
of
Hugh
Capet
,
gave
it
to
Geoffry
Grysogonelle
,
A.
D.
926.
whose
Grandson
added
to
it
the
Province
of
Toureine
by
Conquest
,
and
his
Descendant
Foulk
III
.
obtained
that
of
Maine
also
by
Marriage
,
A.
D.
1083.
Which
Foulk
was
Father
to
Geoffry
the
Husband
of
Maud
,
Daughter
to
our
King
Henry
I.
who
contended
with
Stephen
for
the
Crown
of
England
,
which
her
Son
Henry
II
.
enjoy'd
,
and
added
to
it
these
Estates
,
which
continued
part
of
the
Demesns
of
the
English
Crown
till
the
time
of
King
John
,
when
Philip
Augustus
,
the
French
King
seiz'd
it
,
A
,
D.
1202.
And
it
is
now
an
Appenage
of
the
second
Son
of
France
.
It
is
usually
divided
into
the
Upper
and
Lower
,
Angiers
,
being
the
Capital
of
the
former
,
and
Saumur
of
the
latter
.
The
chief
Towns
are
,
-
Angers
,
Bish
.
Capital
.
-
Saumur
.
-
La
Fleche
.
-
La
Lude
.
-
Brissac
.
-
Cruon
.
-
Chateau-Gontier
.
-
Pont
de
Ce
.
-
Beaufort
,
&c.
ANGERS
,
Andegavum
,
olim
Juliomagus
,
is
seated
very
pleasantly
and
in
a
good
Air
,
at
the
Confluence
of
the
River
Marne
,
Sarte
,
and
the
upper
stream
of
the
Loire
,
being
distant
only
one
League
from
the
great
Stream
of
the
Loire
to
the
North
,
20
miles
from
Saumur
to
the
West
,
as
many
from
Nantes
to
the
East
,
and
55
from
Mans
to
the
South-west
.
The
greater
part
of
the
Town
,
properly
called
the
City
,
is
built
on
the
side
of
a
pleasant
Hill
,
on
which
stands
the
Castle
,
built
on
a
Rock
,
flanked
with
18
large
round
Towers
and
an
Half-moon
,
and
encompassed
with
a
broad-flat-bottom'd
Ditch
,
cut
out
of
the
same
Rock
on
the
side
of
the
River
,
from
whence
all
necessary
Provisions
are
drawn
up
with
Engines
.
The
City
is
large
,
well-built
and
Populous
,
and
hath
a
good
Trade
,
which
consists
chiefly
in
White-wines
,
whereof
the
best
in
France
are
made
in
this
Province
.
The
Cathedral
Dedicated
to
St.
Maurice
,
is
a
beautiful
Building
,
and
remarkable
for
its
three
high
Steeples
over
the
Gate
,
its
Body
supported
without
Pillars
,
and
its
exceeding
rich
Treasure
.
There
are
also
15
other
Parochial
Churches
,
three
Abbies
,
viz.
Those
of
St.
Albin
,
St.
Nicholas
,
St.
Sergius
,
and
a
great
number
of
Monasteries
,
Seminaries
,
&c.
The
Episcopal
See
depends
on
the
Metropolitan
of
Tours
.
The
Civil
Government
of
the
City
is
administred
by
the
Mayor
,
and
24
Echivens
or
Aldermen
.
The
University
here
was
founded
by
Lewis
II
.
Duke
of
Anjou
,
A.D.
1388
,
and
is
now
in
flourishing
state
,
and
contains
divers
Colleges
,
of
which
that
of
the
Port
de
Fer
and
the
Oratory
are
most
Noted
.
Saumur
,
Salmurum
,
aut
Salmurium
,
olim
T●uneum
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Loire
,
over
which
it
hath
a
long
Stone-bridge
,
at
the
distance
of
20
miles
from
Anjou
to
the
East
,
50
from
Mans
to
the
South
,
and
35
from
Tours
to
the
East
.
The
situation
of
the
place
is
very
delighful
,
and
on
that
account
very
much
admir'd
by
Strangers
,
The
Town
is
adorned
with
a
stately
Castle
well
Fortified
;
the
Church
of
Ardilliers
,
wherein
the
Fathers
of
the
Oratory
officiate
and
have
a
College
,
is
the
most
notable
in
the
Town
.
Here
was
formerly
a
Famous
Protestant
Academy
,
well
fill'd
with
Students
,
not
only
of
Natives
,
but
also
young
Gentlemen
out
of
England
,
Germany
,
and
Sweeden
;
but
since
the
Persecution
this
hath
been
Destroy'd
.
La
Fleche
,
Flexia
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
upper
stream
of
the
Loire
in
the
Upper
Anjou
,
near
the
Confines
of
Maine
,
being
distant
30
miles
from
Saumur
to
the
North
,
28
from
Anjou
to
the
North-East
,
and
about
30
from
Mans
to
the
South
.
In
this
Town
is
a
magnificent
College
of
Jesuits
,
founded
in
the
year
1603.
by
King
Henry
IV
.
containing
three
Courts
,
and
as
many
Rows
of
Apartments
,
capable
of
entertaining
a
Prince
.
Here
is
also
a
Castle
,
in
the
Chapel
whereof
is
interr'd
the
Heart
of
King
Henry
IV
.
Brissac
,
Brissacum
,
is
seated
in
a
fertile
Country
near
the
Bridge
of
Ce
over
the
Loire
,
about
12
miles
from
Angers
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
Town
of
small
compass
,
nevertheless
dignified
with
the
title
of
a
Dutchy
,
erected
in
favour
of
Charles
de
Cossy
Marshal
of
France
.
It
is
also
adorned
with
a
fair
Castle
,
a
spacious
Park
,
a
Pond
extending
it self
from
thence
almost
for
the
space
of
a
League
in
length
,
&c.
VENDOMOIS
,
Vindocinensis
Ager
,
lyes
between
Perche
on
the
North
,
Maine
on
the
West
,
Touraine
on
the
South
,
and
Blaisois
on
the
East
.
It
is
a
very
small
Province
,
not
above
20
miles
in
Extent
,
and
contains
not
many
Towns
,
the
chief
are
,
-
Vendosme
Capital
.
-
Montoire
.
VENDOME
,
Vindocinum
,
is
situate
on
the
River
Loire
,
25
miles
from
Chateau-Dun
to
the
South-west
,
30
from
Nogent
le
Rotrou
to
the
South
,
20
from
Blois
to
the
North
,
and
30
from
Orleans
to
the
West
.
It
is
defended
with
an
Old
Castle
,
and
bears
the
title
of
a
Dutchy
,
whereof
Charles
of
Bourbon
,
Grand-Father
to
Henry
IV
.
was
the
first
Duke
.
A
College
of
the
Fathers
of
the
Oratory
,
and
some
other
Religious
Houses
,
are
Founded
here
.
Montoire
,
stands
also
on
the
Loire
,
about
12
miles
below
Vendosme
,
and
is
a
good
Town
,
but
not
of
signal
Note
.
POICTOU
,
Pictavensis
Provincia
,
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
Berry
,
Limosin
,
and
Touraine
;
on
the
North
by
Anjou
and
Bretagne
,
on
the
West
by
the
Ocean
,
and
on
the
South
by
Angoumois
and
Xaintonge
.
It
is
usually
divided
into
the
Upper
,
to
the
East
,
and
the
Lower
to
the
West
,
and
is
a
very
fruitful
Country
,
supplied
also
with
plenty
of
Fish
from
the
Neighbouring
Sea
,
and
Venison
from
the
Inland
Forests
.
It
is
also
beset
with
many
fair
Towns
and
Villages
,
the
chief
of
which
are
these
,
viz.
-
Poitiers
,
Bish
,
Cap.
-
Luson
,
Bish
.
-
Chatelerault
.
-
Mai●ezais
.
-
Lusignan
.
-
Loudun
.
-
Fontenay
.
-
Mirabeau
.
-
Richelieu
.
-
Niort
.
-
Rochechouart
.
-
Fontevraut
.
-
Thouar
.
-
Parthaney
.
-
St.
Maixent
,
&c.
POITIERS
,
Pictavm
,
olim
Lemanum
,
one
of
the
most
ancient
and
largest
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
,
but
not
proportionably
Opulent
,
there
being
Corn-fields
and
Meadows
within
the
Walls
.
It
is
seated
on
a
rising
Ground
,
between
the
River
Clain
,
which
falls
into
the
Vienne
,
and
another
Rivulet
that
springs
out
of
a
large
Pond
,
and
is
joyned
to
the
former
at
the
Eastern
end
of
the
Town
,
near
the
Gate
of
S.
Lazarus
,
where
stands
an
old
Castle
,
together
with
some
remains
of
an
Amphitheatre
,
and
other
Roman
Monuments
.
It
is
an
Episcopal
See
,
dependant
on
the
Metropolitan
of
Bourdeaux
.
Besides
the
Cathedral
,
suppos'd
to
be
Founded
by
St.
Martial
,
and
Dedicated
to
St.
Peter
,
there
are
24
Parochial
Churches
,
five
Abbies
,
and
a
great
number
of
other
Monasteries
.
Here
is
is
also
a
University
,
Founded
by
King
Charles
VII
.
A.D.
1431.
Poitiers
is
a
Seneschalcy
subordinate
to
the
Parliament
of
Paris
,
besides
which
Court
,
here
is
also
a
Presidial
and
a
Generality
.
The
Civil
Government
is
administred
by
a
Mayor
,
12
Eschevins
or
Aldermen
,
and
12
sworn
Counsellors
:
The
Mayor
bears
the
title
of
a
Captain
and
Governor
of
Poitiers
.
and
the
Privilege
of
Nobilty
and
many
other
Honours
and
Advantages
are
granted
by
the
French
Kings
,
to
the
Person
that
enjoys
this
Dignity
.
The
City
of
Poitiers
is
distant
28
miles
from
the
River
Loire
to
the
South
,
100
from
Orleans
to
the
South-west
,
65
from
Angers
to
the
South-east
,
90
from
the
Sea-coast
to
the
East
,
70
from
Saintes
to
the
North-east
,
and
about
100
from
Bourges
to
the
West
.
Lucon
,
or
Lusson
,
Luciona
,
is
a
City
of
a
very
small
Compass
,
and
destitute
of
Walls
,
situated
in
a
Marshy
Ground
,
near
the
Confines
of
the
Country
of
Aunis
,
at
the
distance
of
about
six
miles
from
the
Ocean
,
20
from
Maillerais
,
and
70
from
Poitiers
to
the
West
.
Pope
John
XXII
.
established
its
Episcopal
See
,
changing
an
Abbey
of
the
Benedictine
Order
into
a
Cathedral
,
A.
D.
1317.
One
Lucius
is
reported
to
have
founded
the
Abby
and
given
name
to
the
City
.
Maillezais
,
Malleacum
,
is
a
small
City
or
Town
,
built
on
an
Island
form'd
amidst
the
Marshes
,
by
the
Rivers
Savre
and
Autise
,
being
distant
30
miles
from
Rochel
to
the
North-east
,
and
50
from
Poitiers
to
the
South-west
.
It
was
heretofore
the
usual
Place
of
Residence
of
the
Counts
of
Boitou
and
Dukes
of
Guienne
,
but
at
present
is
not
much
Inhabited
by
reason
of
the
unwholsomness
of
the
Air
.
The
Abby
of
Maillezais
was
also
erected
into
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Bourdeaux
,
by
Pope
John
XXII
.
in
the
year
,
1317.
but
Innocent
X.
caused
it
to
be
suppress'd
,
A.D.
1649.
and
translated
it
to
Rochel
.
Lusignan
,
Lusignanum
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
Vonne
,
near
20
miles
from
Poitiers
to
the
South-west
,
on
the
Road
to
Rochel
and
Bourdeux
.
This
Town
is
more
especially
famous
for
the
Valour
of
its
Ilrustrious
Lords
,
who
were
Kings
of
Cyprus
,
Jerusalem
,
and
Armenia
.
The
Castle
of
Lusignan
,
sometime
esteem'd
as
Impregnable
,
was
Suprized
by
M.
Troligni
,
for
the
French
Protestants
,
A.
D.
1569.
But
the
Prince
of
Montpensier
retook
it
,
after
a
Siege
of
Eight
Months
,
in
1574
,
and
dismantled
its
Fortifications
.
Chatelerault
,
a
good
Town
on
the
River
Vienne
,
about
20
miles
from
Poitiers
to
the
North
,
and
on
the
Road
to
Blois
and
Paris
,
hath
the
title
of
a
Dukedom
,
sometime
possess'd
by
the
Hamiltons
of
Scotland
,
at
present
by
Mademoiselle
Montpensier
the
King's
Aunt
.
Richelieu
,
Richeleum
,
aut
Ricolocus
,
formerly
a
small
Village
;
but
this
being
the
place
of
Birth
of
that
great
Minister
of
State
Cardinal
Richelieu
,
he
Rebuilt
it
and
adorned
it
with
a
stately
Palace
and
an
Academy
,
and
obtain'd
it
to
be
erected
into
a
Dukedom
and
Peerage
.
It
is
seated
on
a
little
Rivulet
that
falls
into
the
Vienne
,
and
is
distant
16
miles
from
Chatelerault
to
the
West
,
and
28
from
Poitiirs
to
the
North
.
Loudun
,
is
a
considerable
wall'd
Town
,
and
gives
name
to
the
Country
about
it
:
It
hath
a
Castle
,
which
with
the
Town
,
hath
a
particular
Governor
.
Here
is
a
Nunnery
of
Urseillines
,
famous
not
many
years
ago
,
for
the
Imposture
the
Nuns
were
guilty
of
,
in
pretending
themselves
Bewitch'd
by
the
Curate
of
the
Parish
,
whom
they
barbarously
caused
to
be
Executed
.
This
Town
stands
about
10
miles
from
Richelieu
to
the
West
,
and
20
from
Saumur
to
the
South-East
.
The
small
Country
of
AUNIS
,
Alnensis
,
Alnetensis
aut
Alniensis
Tractus
,
lies
to
the
South
of
Poitou
,
and
to
the
East
of
Saintonge
proper
,
whereof
it
is
a
part
,
being
also
bounded
on
the
West
by
the
Ocean
,
and
the
Islands
of
Re
and
Oleron
:
Its
principal
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Rochel
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Rochefort
,
-
Marans
,
-
Brouage
,
-
Chatelaillon
,
&c.
ROCHEL
,
Rupella
,
olim
Portus
Santonum
hath
been
always
a
very
considerable
Port
and
Mart-town
;
it
is
distant
only
two
Leagues
from
the
Island
of
Re
,
4
from
that
of
Oleron
,
10
miles
from
the
Confines
of
Poictou
to
the
South
,
about
30
from
Saintes
to
the
North-West
,
and
70
from
Poitiers
to
the
West
.
This
City
,
being
the
chief
Seat
of
the
Protestants
,
suffered
much
during
the
Civil
Wars
of
France
,
and
was
often
valiantly
defended
,
and
long
possessed
by
that
Party
,
until
at
length
Lewis
XIII
.
after
a
long
and
famous
Siege
made
himself
Master
of
it
in
the
year
1628
,
chiefly
by
the
means
of
an
admirable
Rampart
or
Bank
of
Earth
,
which
Cardinal
Richelieu
caus'd
to
be
raised
against
it
on
the
side
of
the
Ocean
:
After
it
was
taken
,
the
King
caus'd
the
Walls
and
Fortifications
to
be
demolish'd
,
except
only
two
Towers
,
which
defend
the
Port
.
Afterward
,
in
1649
,
the
Episcopal
See
of
Maillezais
was
removed
thither
;
the
Island
of
Re
,
together
with
many
other
neighbouring
Places
,
to
the
number
of
about
100
Towns
and
Villages
,
being
taken
from
the
Diocess
of
Saintonge
and
added
to
this
,
as
appears
by
the
Consistorial
Decree
made
on
that
occasion
.
Rochefort
,
Rupifortium
,
hath
a
convenient
Harbour
at
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Cherante
,
capable
of
receiving
Men
of
War
:
It
was
at
first
only
a
small
Village
,
but
for
the
sake
of
its
Port
hath
of
late
been
wall'd
round
and
fortified
with
strong
Bastions
and
Ramparts
,
and
some
of
the
smaller
of
the
King's
Ships
of
War
being
laid
up
here
,
a
Magazine
is
kept
well
stored
with
all
sorts
of
Ammunition
for
their
Service
,
and
an
Hospital
built
for
infirm
Seamen
.
This
Town
is
distant
about
5
miles
from
the
Sea-coasts
,
and
15
from
Rochel
to
the
South
.
Brouage
,
Broagium
,
formerly
call'd
Jacquez
Ville
,
Jacobipolis
is
a
small
Town
and
Port
,
very
well
fortified
,
and
seated
in
a
Marsh
,
near
the
Saltworks
,
being
distant
almost
3
Leagues
from
the
Mouth
of
the
Charante
to
the
South
,
8
from
Rochel
,
4
from
Royan
,
and
8
from
Saintes
to
the
West
.
ANGOUMOIS
,
Engolismensis
Provincia
,
is
bounded
on
the
West
by
Saintonge
,
on
the
South
by
Perigort
,
on
the
East
by
Limosin
and
La
Marche
,
and
on
the
North
by
Poitou
,
being
extended
for
the
space
of
50
miles
in
length
,
and
about
35
in
breadth
;
The
chief
Towns
in
it
are
,
-
Angouleme
,
Bish
.
C.
-
Cognac
,
-
Rochefoucaut
,
-
Jarnac
,
-
Bouteville
,
-
Rufec
,
-
Chateau-Neuf
,
&c.
ANGOULEME
,
Engolisma
,
aut
Inculisma
,
olim
Ratiastum
,
is
seated
on
the
top
of
a
Hill
,
near
the
River
of
Charante
,
about
50
miles
from
Poictiers
to
the
S.
30
from
Saintes
to
the
E.
and
40
from
Limoges
to
the
W.
It
is
a
very
ancient
City
,
adorn'd
with
the
Titles
of
a
Dutchy
and
Seneschalcy
,
and
hath
a
Presidial
and
Election
.
It
is
also
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Bourdeaux
;
and
is
well
fortified
,
with
a
strong
Castle
and
other
Bulwarks
,
so
that
it
is
accessible
only
on
one
side
.
In
the
adjacent
Fields
is
to
be
seen
a
Spring
,
from
whence
issueth
a
Torrent
of
Waters
,
as
it
were
a
River
,
&c.
Rochefoucaut
,
Rupes
Fucaldi
&
Rupe-Fucaldum
,
is
a
small
Town
and
Castle
on
the
Rivulet
of
Tardovere
,
about
15
miles
from
Angouleme
to
the
N.
E.
It
bears
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
and
hath
imparted
its
Name
to
one
of
the
most
ancient
and
noble
Families
of
France
,
from
whence
have
sprung
divers
Branches
,
&c.
Jarnac
,
Jarnacum
&
Jarniacum
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
Charante
,
almost
in
the
midst
between
Angouleme
to
the
E.
and
Saintes
to
the
W.
This
little
Town
is
famous
for
a
memorable
Battle
fought
between
the
Duke
of
Anjou
,
afterward
King
Henry
III
.
and
the
Prince
of
Conde
,
on
the
15th
of
May
1569
,
wherein
the
latter
was
slain
.
Touraine
,
Turonia
lies
between
Blaisois
and
Anjou
to
the
N.
and
W.
Poictou
and
la
Marche
to
the
S.
and
Berry
to
the
E.
It
bears
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
and
it
's
extent
is
about
60
miles
from
N.
to
S.
and
50
from
E.
to
W.
The
fertility
of
its
Soil
,
especially
in
Fruit
,
makes
it
be
call'd
the
Garden
of
France
.
Many
Rivers
pass
through
it
,
as
the
Loyre
,
the
Cher
,
the
Indre
,
the
Vienne
,
&c.
The
most
remarkable
Towns
of
this
Province
are
,
-
Tours
,
Archb.
Cap.
-
Amboise
,
-
Loches
,
-
Chinon
,
&c.
TOURS
,
Turones
,
Turo
&
Turonica
Urbs
,
olim
Caesarodunum
,
is
situate
in
a
fruitful
Country
on
the
S.
side
of
the
River
Loire
,
over
which
it
hath
a
very
beautiful
long
Stone-Bridge
,
at
a
little
distance
from
the
North
side
of
the
Cher
.
It
is
a
large
well
built
City
,
and
the
See
of
an
Archbishop
.
The
Publick
Places
,
Streets
and
Houses
are
fair
,
and
the
Cathedral
,
dedicated
to
S.
Gratian
its
first
Prelate
,
deserves
well
to
be
viewed
by
Travellers
:
The
Church
of
S.
Martin
,
together
with
some
other
Parochial
ones
,
are
stately
Piles
of
Building
.
This
City
is
a
Place
of
very
good
Trade
,
and
therefore
rich
and
populous
,
the
Silks
manufactur'd
here
being
sent
into
many
foreign
Parts
.
A
Generality
and
Presidial
Courts
are
established
here
.
It
is
seated
,
as
hath
been
said
,
on
the
River
Loire
,
and
is
distant
30
miles
from
Vendosme
to
the
S.
50
from
Poitiers
to
the
N.
45
from
Angers
to
the
E.
30
from
Blois
,
and
60
from
Orleans
to
the
S.
W.
Amboise
,
Ambaca
,
Ambasia
&
Ambaciensis
Vicus
,
is
seated
also
on
the
Loire
,
at
the
distance
of
15
miles
E.
from
Tours
,
and
30
from
Blois
to
the
S.
W.
This
Town
is
likewise
adorn'd
with
a
fair
Bridge
over
the
Loire
,
and
a
large
Castle
built
on
a
Hill
,
where
the
French
Monarchs
have
often
retir'd
,
and
in
which
King
Charles
VIII
.
was
born
in
the
year
1470
,
and
died
in
1498.
Loches
,
Lochia
and
Locia
,
stands
on
the
River
Indre
,
about
20
miles
from
Amboise
to
the
S.
and
25
from
Tours
to
the
S.
E.
It
is
a
good
Town
,
and
hath
a
Castle
,
wherein
King
Charles
VII
.
usually
resided
.
Lewis
XI
.
added
divers
Apartments
to
it
,
and
caus'd
a
Tower
to
be
built
,
wherein
for
a
long
while
he
kept
the
Cardinal
de
Balve
Prisoner
;
and
in
the
same
Place
Lewis
XII
.
confin'd
Lewis
Sforza
,
who
died
there
,
and
was
buried
in
the
Church
of
the
Virgin
Mary
.
A
Royal
Court
depending
on
the
Presidial
of
Tours
is
held
here
.
The
Territory
adjacent
was
the
Patrimony
of
the
first
Dukes
of
Anjou
.
Chinon
,
Caino
&
Chinonium
,
formerly
a
Village
,
is
at
present
a
neat
Town
seated
on
the
River
Vienne
,
and
hath
a
Castle
built
on
the
top
of
a
Hill
,
about
30
miles
from
Tours
to
the
S.
W.
and
20
from
Saumur
to
the
E.
Here
is
a
Collegiate
Church
,
dedicated
to
S.
Mesine
,
the
Canons
whereof
are
immediately
subject
to
the
Pope
.
The
French
King
,
Charles
VII
.
retir'd
to
this
Town
,
when
our
Kings
Henry
V.
and
VI
.
had
possession
of
Paris
;
and
it
was
here
that
Joan
d'
Arc
,
commonly
call'd
the
Maid
of
Orleans
,
already
mentioned
,
addressed
her self
to
that
King
.
Our
King
Henry
II
.
died
here
A.
D.
1189.
And
if
it
be
worth
mentioning
,
Francis
R●belais
was
born
here
.
BERRY
,
Bituricensis
Provincia
,
bears
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
and
is
a
Province
of
larger
extent
than
those
we
have
last
mention'd
,
being
90
miles
from
N.
to
S.
and
70
from
E.
to
W.
It
is
bounded
on
the
W.
by
Touraine
,
on
the
N.
by
Blaisois
,
Orleanois
and
Gastinois
,
on
the
E.
by
the
River
Loire
,
and
on
the
S.
by
La
Marche
.
The
River
Cher
passes
through
it
,
the
Indre
hath
its
Source
in
it
,
as
have
also
many
other
smaller
ones
.
The
Soil
is
exceeding
fertil
,
and
the
Inhabitants
are
noted
Artists
in
making
a
certain
sort
of
thick
Cloth
,
which
is
thence
call'd
Drap
de
Berry
.
Its
ancient
People
,
the
Bituriges
,
were
famous
heretofore
for
their
Conquests
,
and
obstinate
Resistance
of
the
Romans
.
This
Province
was
for
some
Ages
subject
to
its
own
Count
,
but
being
bought
and
united
to
the
Crown
by
King
Philip
,
it
hath
often
since
been
an
Appenage
of
the
Sons
of
France
,
as
it
is
at
present
to
the
third
Son
of
the
Dauphine
.
The
most
remarkable
Towns
here
are
,
-
Bourges
,
Archb.
Cap.
-
Chateau-Roux
,
-
Issoudan
,
-
Le
Blanc
,
-
Argenton
,
-
S.
Aignan
,
-
Dun
le
Roi
,
-
Sancerre
,
-
Henrichmont
,
-
Valencay
,
&c.
BOURGES
,
Biturix
,
Bituriges
&
Bituricae
,
olim
Avaricum
Biturigum
,
is
situated
about
the
middle
of
France
,
on
the
Rivers
of
Auron
and
Eure
or
Yerve
,
at
the
distance
of
80
miles
from
Tours
to
the
E.
60
from
Orleans
to
the
S.
30
from
Nevers
to
the
W.
and
50
from
the
Borders
of
la
Marche
to
the
N.
It
is
a
large
City
,
dignified
with
the
Titles
of
a
Metropolitan
See
and
Patriarchate
,
besides
a
famous
University
,
a
Bailliage
,
a
Presidial
Court
,
a
Generality
,
&c.
It
is
also
a
place
of
great
Antiquity
,
for
it
is
reputed
to
have
been
already
founded
in
the
XLVII
Olympiad
,
and
A.
U
.
C.
164.
about
590
years
before
the
Nativity
of
Jesus
Christ
.
Titus
Livius
assures
us
,
that
under
the
Reign
of
Tarquinius
Priscus
King
of
the
Romans
,
the
Monarchy
of
the
Celtae
was
fix'd
in
this
Metropolis
of
Berry
,
whereof
Ambigatus
was
then
the
Soveraign
.
Julius
Caesar
made
himself
Master
of
it
,
A.
U
.
C.
702.
52
years
before
the
Christian
Aera
,
and
of
40000
Inhabitants
scarcely
saved
800
,
the
rest
being
put
to
the
Sword
.
It
was
afterward
the
Capital
City
of
the
Aquitania
Prima
,
under
Augustus
.
The
Visig●ths
pillag'd
it
in
the
Fifth
Century
,
and
they
were
subdu'd
by
King
Clovis
;
then
it
fell
into
the
Possession
of
Clodomir
,
and
at
length
of
Gontran
King
of
Orleans
:
Chilperic
took
it
A.
C.
583.
and
caused
it
to
be
almost
entirely
burnt
:
But
it
hath
been
since
re-establish'd
at
several
times
,
more
especially
under
Charlemagne
,
and
it
is
now
a
well-built
and
flourishing
City
.
It
was
possessed
by
its
own
Counts
till
the
time
of
Philip
King
of
France
,
to
whom
Count
Herpin
sold
it
,
with
the
rest
of
the
County
.
Chateau-Roux
,
Castrum
Rufum
aut
Castrum
Radulphium
,
is
a
considerable
Town
,
bearing
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
on
the
River
Indre
,
about
30
miles
from
Fourges
to
the
S.
W.
Its
Castle
was
built
by
one
Raoul
,
whence
it
is
call'd
Chateau-Raoul
,
and
corruptly
Chateau-Roux
.
Here
are
a
Collegiate
and
four
Parochial
Churches
,
also
a
Park
,
appertaining
to
Monsieur
the
Prince
.
It
is
a
Place
of
good
Trade
,
many
sorts
of
Manufactures
being
made
in
it
.
Issoudun
,
Exelodunum
,
Exolidunum
,
Exsoldunum
,
&
alias
Ernodurus
,
is
water'd
by
the
Rivulet
of
Thiot
or
Thee
,
and
seated
in
the
mid-way
between
Bourges
and
Chateau-Roux
.
It
is
fortified
with
a
strong
Castle
,
firm
Walls
and
deep
Ditches
;
and
is
remarkable
for
its
Traffick
in
Wooll
and
Kid's-leather
Gloves
.
It
is
adorn'd
with
divers
magnificent
Structures
,
particularly
the
Royal
Palace
,
the
Court
of
Justice
,
the
Church
of
S.
Stephen
,
the
Convent
of
Benedictines
,
&c.
This
Town
was
one
of
the
twenty
burnt
by
Caesar
in
one
day
.
Argenton
,
Argantomagum
&
Argentomagum
,
stands
on
the
Confines
of
the
Province
of
la
Marche
and
the
Banks
of
the
Creuse
,
40
miles
from
Bourges
to
the
S.
W.
This
Town
hath
for
its
Defence
a
fair
Castle
,
flank'd
with
10
Towers
,
one
whereof
was
built
by
the
Emperor
Heraclius
,
and
on
which
is
carv'd
the
Figure
of
an
Ox
with
this
Device
of
Caesar
;
Veni
,
Vidi
,
Vici
:
The
rest
are
less
considerable
.
NIVERNOIS
,
Ager
Nivernensis
,
is
extended
along
the
Banks
of
the
Loire
between
Burgundy
,
Bourbonnois
and
Berry
,
for
the
space
of
about
50
miles
from
N.
to
S.
and
35
from
E.
to
W.
including
these
principal
Towns
,
viz.
-
Nevers
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
La
Charite
,
-
S.
Pierre
le
Moutier
,
-
Decise
,
-
Donzi
,
-
Clamecy
,
-
Vizelay
,
&c.
NEVERS
,
Nivernum
,
Nivernium
&
Nivernae
olim
Noviomagul
Vadicascium
,
is
situated
on
the
Loire
near
its
confluence
with
the
Allier
,
and
the
Rivulet
of
Nievre
,
almost
in
the
midst
between
Paris
,
to
the
N.
and
Lyon
,
to
the
S.
about
120
miles
from
both
,
as
also
30
from
Bourges
to
the
E.
30
from
the
confines
of
Gastinois
to
the
S.
25
from
Bourbon
to
the
N.
30
from
the
confines
of
Burgundy
to
the
W.
It
was
heretofore
the
Capital
City
of
the
Vadicasses
,
and
Julius
Caesar
thought
fit
to
make
choice
of
it
for
a
Magazine
for
his
Army
.
It
bore
the
Title
of
a
County
under
the
first
Race
of
the
French
Monarchs
,
and
was
erected
into
a
Dutchy
by
Charles
VII
.
in
the
year
1457.
It
is
also
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Sens
,
and
the
Seat
of
a
Chamber
of
Accounts
,
together
with
a
Bailliage
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Presidial
Court
of
S.
Pierre
le
Moutier
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
dedicated
to
S.
Cyres
.
There
are
also
11
Parochial
Churches
,
divers
Religious
Houses
,
and
a
stately
Stone-Bridge
of
20
Arches
,
over
the
River
Loire
.
Nevers
is
also
famous
on
account
of
the
great
quantities
of
Glass
,
white
Iron
,
and
fine
Earthen
Ware
there
made
.
In
this
City
died
John
Casimir
King
of
Poland
,
on
the
16th
day
of
December
,
A.
D.
1672.
La
Charite
,
Charitas
,
took
its
Name
from
the
great
Liberality
which
the
Monks
of
Cluny
exercised
in
time
past
towards
poor
People
and
Pilgrims
;
it
is
seated
on
the
side
of
an
Hill
near
the
Loire
,
over
which
River
here
is
a
fair
Stone-Bridge
,
15
miles
below
Nevers
to
the
N.
and
25
from
Bourges
to
the
E.
It
is
adorn'd
with
a
large
Market-place
,
divers
Churches
,
and
a
very
rich
Priory
of
the
Cluniack
Order
.
This
Town
suffer'd
much
damage
during
the
English
Wars
in
France
,
and
more
in
that
of
the
French
Protestants
,
by
whom
it
was
often
taken
and
retaken
in
the
year
1562
,
1563
,
&c.
Decise
,
Decetia
,
is
a
small
Town
on
the
same
River
Loire
,
which
,
with
the
Rivulet
Airon
,
that
falls
into
it
at
the
East
end
of
the
Town
,
form
a
sort
of
an
Island
.
Here
is
a
good
Castle
belonging
to
the
Duke
of
Nevers
,
and
a
fair
Bridge
over
the
River
.
This
Town
is
distant
20
miles
from
Nevers
to
the
South-East
,
and
appertains
to
the
Possessions
of
the
Duke
of
Nevers
.
GASTINOIS
,
Vastinium
,
&
Vastiniensis
Pagus
,
lies
between
Nivernois
,
Berry
,
Orleanois
,
Beauce
,
Isle
of
France
,
Champagne
and
Burgundy
.
It
hath
its
Name
from
the
Rocks
and
Sandy
Places
in
it
,
which
the
Inhabitants
call
Gastines
.
The
extent
of
this
Province
is
near
60
miles
from
N.
to
S.
and
45
from
E.
to
W.
in
which
these
Towns
are
of
most
note
.
-
Montargis
,
Cap.
-
Estampes
,
-
S.
Farseau
,
-
Gien
,
-
Chateau
Renard
,
&c.
MONTARGIS
,
Montargium
aut
Mons
Argi
,
is
a
neat
Town
,
pleasantly
situated
at
the
Foot
of
a
Hill
,
and
the
Banks
of
the
River
Loing
,
at
the
distance
of
55
miles
from
Paris
to
the
S.
and
40
from
Orleans
to
the
E.
It
is
fenced
with
an
old
Castle
,
that
Charles
V.
caus'd
to
be
repair'd
,
and
which
was
besieged
by
the
English
Forces
,
A.
D.
1426.
The
Town
was
burnt
in
1528
,
and
after
rebuilt
with
greater
magnificence
.
Estampes
,
Stampae
,
stands
on
the
side
of
the
Ivine
,
commonly
call'd
from
thence
the
River
Etampes
,
in
a
very
fruitful
Country
,
near
the
Confines
of
the
Isle
of
France
,
30
miles
from
Paris
to
the
S.
as
many
from
Chartres
to
the
East
,
and
about
25
from
Montargis
to
the
N.
W.
It
is
beautified
with
a
Collegiate
Church
and
divers
Monasteries
,
and
enjoys
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
as
appertaining
to
the
ancient
Demesns
of
the
Crown
.
King
Robert
founded
a
Castle
here
;
and
the
Town
was
formerly
fortified
,
but
dismantled
by
King
Henry
IV
.
A.
D.
1589.
Gien
,
Genabum
,
is
a
small
Town
on
the
Loire
,
over
which
River
it
hath
a
Stone-Bridge
below
the
Canal
of
Briare
.
It
stands
35
miles
above
Orleans
to
the
E.
and
28
from
Montargis
to
the
S.
The
Principal
ISLANDS
that
lie
over-against
Orleannois
in
general
,
more
especially
the
County
of
Aunis
,
are
these
,
viz.
-
Oleron
,
-
Re
or
Oye
,
-
Isle-dieu
,
-
Nermoutier
,
-
Armot
,
&c.
OLERON
,
Uliarius
,
is
an
Island
situated
on
the
Coast
of
the
Province
of
Saintonge
,
over-against
the
mouth
of
the
River
Charante
,
about
4
Leagues
from
thence
to
the
W.
It
is
extended
from
N.
to
S.
for
the
space
of
15
miles
,
but
is
not
above
4
or
5
miles
in
breadth
,
and
between
30
and
40
in
compass
.
The
Soil
is
very
fruitful
,
and
produces
good
Corn
;
abundance
of
Rabbets
are
caught
here
.
On
the
Southern
part
of
the
Island
is
erected
a
very
strong
Fortress
,
call'd
the
Castle
of
Oleron
,
which
is
distant
a
League
and
an
half
from
the
mouth
of
the
River
Seure
to
the
W.
3
from
the
Isle
of
Re
to
the
S.
and
6
from
the
City
of
Rochel
to
the
S.
W.
The
Island
of
RE
,
Rea
,
olim
Reacus
,
lies
before
the
Coasts
of
the
Country
of
Aunis
,
only
a
Leagues
from
thence
,
and
3
from
Rochel
to
the
W.
containing
many
Towns
or
Burghs
;
the
chief
of
which
are
those
of
S.
Martin
and
Oye
,
call'd
the
Isle
,
by
reason
of
a
Chanel
,
over
which
one
must
pass
to
enter
into
it
.
The
most
considerable
Fort
is
that
of
la
Paree
,
containing
4
Bastions
,
with
Half-Moons
and
other
Outworks
,
which
have
been
improved
and
increased
since
this
War
began
.
Here
is
a
high
Tower
,
on
which
Lights
are
kept
a-nights
for
the
Direction
of
Ships
.
The
Cannon
of
this
Fort
commands
the
Land
over-against
it
,
as
well
as
the
Sea
all
round
it
.
This
Island
affords
great
quantities
of
Wine
and
Salt
,
especially
the
latter
,
for
the
making
whereof
this
is
the
chief
place
in
the
whole
Kingdom
.
ISLE-DIEU
,
Insula
Dei
,
lies
over-against
the
Town
of
S.
Giles
,
in
the
Province
of
Poitou
,
about
3
Leagues
from
the
Coasts
of
that
Province
.
The
Island
of
NERMOUTIER
lies
over-against
S.
Urbain
in
Poitou
,
and
is
distant
two
large
Leagues
from
the
Continent
:
On
it
is
founded
a
rich
Convent
,
&c.
Though
the
Orleannois
be
call'd
one
of
the
Governments
of
France
,
yet
it
is
divided
among
nine
Governors
General
,
independent
of
one
another
,
viz.
I.
The
Orleannois
proper
,
Blaisois
,
Beauce
and
Vendomois
;
the
present
Governor
whereof
is
the
Marbuis
d'
Alluy
,
under
whom
are
3
Lieutenant
Generals
:
The
same
Marquis
is
also
particular
Governor
of
the
City
of
Orleans
.
II
.
Poictou
hath
for
Governor
General
the
Marquis
de
la
Vieuville
,
and
two
Lieutenant
Generals
,
and
two
Seneschals
,
besides
particular
Governors
in
Poitiers
,
Loudun
and
Niort
.
III
.
Anjou
,
whereof
the
Count
d'
Armagnac
is
Governor
General
,
and
under
him
are
one
Lieutenant
General
,
one
Seneschal
,
and
particular
Governors
in
Angers
and
Pont
de
Ce
.
IV
.
The
Saumurois
,
with
its
Dependances
,
Richelieu
,
and
Marabeau
is
another
Government
,
at
present
under
the
Count
de
Cominges
,
who
hath
one
Lieutenant
General
.
V.
Touraine
also
hath
a
Governor
General
,
who
is
the
Marquis
de
Dangean
,
a
Lieutenant
General
,
two
Bailiffs
,
and
particular
Governours
of
Tours
and
Amboise
.
VI
.
The
Country
of
Aunis
,
Rochelle
,
Brouage
in
Saintoigne
,
the
Isles
of
Re
,
Oleron
,
&c.
have
a
Governor
General
,
the
Count
de
Gace
Matignon
,
a
Lieutenant
General
,
a
Seneschal
,
and
particular
Governors
of
Rochel
and
Brouage
.
VII
.
The
Provinces
of
Maine
and
Perche
have
another
Governor
General
,
who
is
the
Marquis
de
Fervaques
,
a
Lieutenant
General
and
a
Seneschal
.
VIII
.
The
Prince
de
Soubise
is
Governor
General
of
Berry
,
under
whom
are
a
Lieutenant
General
and
a
Seneschal
.
And
lastly
,
the
Nevernois
is
a
Governor
under
the
Duke
of
Nevers
,
with
a
Lieutenant
General
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
LA
BOURGOGNE
,
or
BURGUNDY
,
Burgundia
.
UNder
the
Name
of
BURGUNDY
is
comprehended
,
at
present
,
the
Lower
or
Dutchy
of
Burgundy
,
the
Upper
,
or
County
of
Burgundy
,
Bresse
,
Bugey
.
the
County
of
Gex
,
and
the
Principality
of
Dombes
,
which
are
bounded
on
the
North
by
Champaigne
and
Lorraine
,
on
the
South
by
Lyonnois
and
Dauphine
,
on
the
East
by
Mount
Jura
to
the
Rhosne
,
and
on
the
West
by
Nivernois
and
Bourbonnois
.
Burgundy
in
General
divided
into
these
Parts
,
viz.
The
Lower
Burgundy
,
or
Dutchy
in
9
small
Provinces
-
1.
Dijonois
,
Chief
Town
-
Dijon
,
Cap.
-
2.
Autunois
,
-
Autun
,
Bish
.
-
3.
Chalonnois
,
-
Chalons
,
Bish
.
-
4.
Auxois
,
-
Semur
,
-
5.
Auxerrois
,
-
Auxerre
,
Bish
.
-
6.
Charolois
,
-
Charoles
,
-
7.
Briennois
,
-
Semur
,
-
8.
Maconnois
,
-
Mason
,
Bish
.
-
9.
The
mountainous
Country
,
-
Chatillon
,
The
County
of
Burgundy
in
3
Bailiages
,
viz.
-
1.
The
Middle
Bailiage
,
or
of
Dole
.
-
Bezanson
,
Archb.
Cap.
-
2.
The
Bailiage
of
Amont
,
-
Vesoul
,
-
3.
The
Bailiage
of
Aval
-
Poligny
.
-
Bresse
,
-
Bourg
,
-
Bugey
,
-
Belley
,
Bish
.
-
The
County
of
Gex
,
-
Gex
,
-
The
Principality
of
Dombes
.
-
Trevoux
.
The
DUCHY
of
Burgundy
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
the
County
of
Burgundy
,
on
the
North
by
Champaigne
,
on
the
West
by
Bourbonnois
and
Nivernois
,
and
on
the
South
by
Dauphine
and
Lionnois
.
Its
largest
extent
from
South
to
North
consists
of
about
110
English
miles
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
below
Macon
as
far
as
Chateau
Vilain
in
Champagne
,
and
of
90
miles
from
East
to
West
,
viz.
from
beyond
Auxonne
to
the
Frontiers
of
Gatinois
,
lying
between
the
46th
and
48th
degree
of
Latitude
,
&c.
This
Province
is
very
considerable
on
the
account
of
its
Largeness
,
Situation
,
and
Fertility
,
being
commonly
call'd
,
The
Magazine
of
Corn
,
Wine
,
Hay
,
Wood
,
&c.
affording
also
many
Iron-Mines
and
Springs
of
Mineral
Waters
.
And
,
indeed
,
it
contributes
very
much
to
the
subsistence
of
the
City
of
Paris
,
and
almost
entirely
maintains
that
of
Lyon
.
It
is
water'd
with
a
great
number
of
Rivers
;
the
Seine
takes
its
rise
here
near
a
Village
named
Sainte
Seine
;
the
Sone
passeth
through
the
Eastern
part
,
and
receives
into
its
Chanel
the
streams
of
the
Dehune
augmented
with
those
of
the
Burfure
,
the
Ouche
,
and
the
Tille
,
besides
divers
other
lesser
Rivulets
and
Brooks
.
On
the
Western
the
Loire
separates
Burgundy
from
Bourbonnois
,
and
receives
into
it
the
Reconce
,
the
Brevince
,
the
Arroux
,
&c.
The
Yonne
is
there
joyn'd
to
the
Cousni
or
Avalon
,
the
Sezin
or
Serin
,
and
the
Armenson
,
into
whith
flow
the
Brenne
,
the
Oserain
and
the
Oze
,
all
which
Rivers
have
their
Source
in
this
Province
.
The
County
of
DIJONNOIS
,
Ager
,
Divionensis
,
contains
these
more
remarkable
Towns
,
viz.
-
Dijon
,
Cap.
-
Beaune
.
-
Ausconne
.
-
S.
Jean
de-Laune
.
-
Citteaux
,
Abb.
&c.
DIJON
,
Divio
&
Divionum
,
is
seated
on
the
Rivers
Ouche
,
and
Suzon
in
the
Diocess
of
Langres
,
from
which
City
it
is
distant
32
miles
to
the
South
,
85
from
Sens
,
and
140
from
Paris
to
the
South-East
,
105
from
Lyons
to
the
North
,
80
from
Nevers
to
the
East
,
45
from
Bezancon
,
and
15
from
the
Saone
to
the
West
.
This
Town
is
suppos'd
to
have
been
first
founded
about
A.C.
220.
It
is
of
a
large
extent
and
well-built
;
the
Walls
are
strong
and
surrounded
with
Towers
and
Bastions
,
and
the
Castle
flanked
with
four
large
Towers
and
two
Ravelins
.
The
most
considerable
publick
Buildings
are
,
the
Church
of
the
Carthusians
adorn'd
with
magnificent
Tombs
of
the
Dukes
,
the
Hall
of
Justice
,
the
Royal
Palace
,
and
the
Town-house
,
besides
16
other
Churches
,
two
Abbeys
and
five
Hospitals
.
The
States
of
the
Country
are
usually
assembled
here
every
three
years
.
Besides
the
Court
of
Parliament
held
in
this
Town
,
here
are
a
Chamber
of
Accounts
,
and
a
Presidial
Court
.
Beaune
,
Belna
&
Belnum
,
is
seated
on
the
small
River
Bourgeose
and
other
Brooks
that
run
through
the
Town
at
the
distance
of
10
miles
from
the
River
Saone
to
the
West
,
20
from
Dijon
to
the
South
,
and
13
from
Challon
to
the
North
,
and
lies
on
the
Road
betwixt
these
two
Towns
.
The
Antiquities
of
this
place
prove
it
to
have
been
a
Roman
Work
.
It
is
well
built
,
the
Seat
of
a
Bailiage
,
and
the
Capital
of
a
small
Territory
,
thence
call'd
the
Country
of
Beaune
,
which
is
very
fruitful
,
especially
in
an
excellent
sort
of
Wine
.
S.
Jean
de
Laune
,
Fanum
S.
Joannis
Laudonensis
,
aut
Laudona
,
is
a
small
Town
on
the
Saone
near
the
Abbey
of
Cistercians
,
15
miles
from
Dijon
to
the
South
East
.
It
was
formerly
fortified
,
and
is
famous
for
repulsing
the
Efforts
of
the
Imperial
Army
commanded
by
the
formidable
Galas
Charles
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
the
Marquis
of
Grana
,
and
other
Illustrious
Generals
,
A.D.
1636.
Citeau
,
Cistercium
aut
Cistertium
,
is
distant
about
six
miles
from
S.
Jean
de
Laune
to
the
West
,
and
12
from
Dijon
to
the
South
.
't
is
believ'd
that
this
Village
took
its
name
from
the
great
number
of
Cisterns
which
were
dug
there
under
Ground
,
and
hath
acquir'd
much
reputation
by
its
Abbey
of
Cistercian
Monks
,
which
Order
was
first
instituted
here
;
and
this
Abbey
built
,
A.D.
1098.
by
Robert
Abbot
of
Molesme
,
assisted
by
Otho
I.
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
Walter
Bishop
of
Chalons
,
and
Hugh
Bishop
of
Lyons
.
It
is
a
Branch
of
the
Benedictine
,
and
hath
its
name
from
this
Town
.
The
Months
quickly
grew
numerous
,
and
the
Order
so
powerful
,
that
for
a
long
time
it
had
a
great
share
in
the
Government
of
Europe
,
and
hath
produced
four
Popes
,
several
Cardinals
and
Bishops
,
and
a
great
number
of
Writers
.
The
Abbot
of
this
House
is
a
Counsellor
of
the
Parliament
of
Burgundy
,
and
General
of
the
whole
Order
,
whereof
are
said
to
be
near
3000
Convents
and
Nunneries
in
the
World
.
AUTUNOIS
,
Augustdenensis
Tractus
,
lies
on
the
Frontiers
of
Nivernois
,
and
includes
these
two
principal
Places
,
viz.
Autun
,
Bish
.
Cap.
and
Bourbon-Lancy
.
AUTUN
,
Augustodunum
olim
Bibracte
,
is
situated
on
the
River
Arroune
in
the
midst
between
Lyon
to
the
South
,
and
Sens
to
the
North
,
40
miles
from
Dijon
to
the
South-West
,
and
50
from
Nevers
to
the
East
.
It
is
one
of
the
most
ancient
Cities
of
the
Kingdom
,
being
said
to
have
been
founded
by
Simotheus
I.
King
of
the
Gauls
.
It
was
famous
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
,
and
the
Capital
of
the
Republick
of
the
Aedui
or
Hadui
,
which
comprehended
part
of
the
Duchy
of
Burgundy
,
the
Countries
of
Bresse
,
Lionnois
,
Beaujolois
,
Dombes
,
Nivernois
,
&c.
The
Ruins
found
here
of
the
Temple
of
Janus
,
now
called
Le
Janvoye
or
Jenetoye
,
the
Marchaut
or
Campus
Martius
,
Mont-Dru
or
the
Seat
of
the
Druides
,
and
Mont-Jou
or
the
Hill
of
Jupiter
,
besides
a
great
number
of
Statues
,
Columns
,
Pyramids
,
Aqueducts
;
Triumphal
Arches
,
&c.
do
also
sufficiently
evince
its
ancient
Grandeur
.
This
City
is
divided
into
two
parts
,
viz.
the
Upper
Town
cover'd
by
Mount
Cenis
,
at
the
foot
whereof
stands
a
Castle
,
and
the
Lower
,
call'd
Marchaut
,
which
is
water'd
by
the
River
Arroux
,
discharging
it self
into
the
Leire
,
and
affording
abundance
of
good
Fish
.
It
is
an
Episcopal
See
dependant
on
the
Metropolitan
of
Lyon
,
and
the
whole
Diocess
,
divided
into
24
Arch-Priesthoods
or
principal
Cures
,
contains
about
600
Parishes
.
The
Cathedral
dedicated
to
St.
Lazarus
,
is
a
noble
and
venerable
Structure
;
besides
which
,
here
are
many
other
Churches
,
divers
Abbeys
and
Convents
,
particularly
those
of
S.
Martia
,
S.
Andoche
,
and
S.
John
.
This
City
is
also
the
Seat
of
a
Bailiage
.
Bourbon-Lancy
,
Borbonium
Anselmium
,
is
a
very
well
built
Town
and
Castle
with
a
Bailiage
,
standing
on
the
descent
of
one
of
those
pleasant
and
fruitful
Hills
that
surround
its
Territory
,
and
is
distant
but
two
miles
from
the
River
Loire
,
which
separates
the
Diocess
of
Autun
from
the
Territories
of
Bourbonnois
,
and
25
from
Autun
to
the
South
West
.
It
is
a
fair
Town
;
the
Castle
is
old
,
but
the
Walls
are
strong
and
surrounded
with
a
Trench
cut
out
of
a
Rock
,
insomuch
that
it
could
not
be
taken
during
the
whole
Civil
Wars
of
France
,
The
Mineral
Waters
of
Bourbon
were
much
commended
even
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
,
and
have
been
no
less
esteem'd
since
the
Reign
of
Henry
III
.
who
preferr'd
them
before
all
the
others
of
his
Kingdom
.
CHAALONNOIS
,
Cabillonensis
Ager
,
is
extended
along
the
Banks
of
the
Saone
in
the
midst
of
the
Province
,
and
hath
these
chief
Towns
,
viz.
-
Chaalons
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Verdun
.
-
Belle-garde
.
CHAALONS
,
Cabillonum
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Soane
,
at
the
distance
of
20
miles
from
the
frontiers
of
the
County
of
Burgundy
to
the
West
,
25
from
Autun
to
the
East
,
40
from
Dijon
and
65
from
Lyon
to
the
North
.
It
is
a
very
spacious
City
,
with
the
Title
of
a
County
and
Bailiage
,
and
of
great
Antiquity
,
as
appears
from
divers
Statues
,
Vessels
and
Inscriptions
found
therein
;
not
to
mention
the
remains
of
an
Amphitheatre
,
and
of
many
publick
Edifices
.
The
Romans
were
wont
to
keep
Store-houses
of
Corn
for
their
Army
at
Chaalons
;
afterward
the
Emperors
constituted
it
the
general
place
of
Rendezvous
of
their
Forces
,
and
the
Kings
of
Burgundy
took
no
less
delight
in
its
situation
.
However
,
it
was
ruin'd
by
Attila
,
and
repaired
within
a
little
while
after
.
The
Suburbs
of
S.
Laurence
are
shut
up
within
two
Bridges
,
viz.
one
of
Stone
,
and
the
other
of
Timber
,
on
an
Island
made
by
the
Saone
;
and
the
Citadel
is
flanked
with
four
Royal
Bastions
,
whereto
some
new
Fortifications
have
been
lately
added
.
The
City
it self
is
divided
into
the
Old
and
the
New
,
the
latter
enclosing
the
other
,
which
consists
only
of
three
large
Streets
,
where
is
to
be
seen
the
Palace
of
the
Bailiage
,
that
of
the
Prince
,
the
Cathedral
of
S.
Vincent
,
and
the
Town-House
,
besides
the
Parochial
Churches
of
S.
George
,
S.
Lawrence
,
and
S.
Mary
,
the
Commandery
of
S.
Antony
,
a
stately
College
of
Jesuits
,
&c.
Chaalons
is
an
Episcopal
See
,
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Lyon
.
This
City
was
taken
by
the
French
Protestants
,
A.
D.
1562.
Verdun
,
Virdunum
&
Verodunum
is
a
small
Town
near
the
confluence
of
the
Doux
and
the
Saone
,
about
12
miles
from
Chaalons
to
the
North
East
.
There
is
another
Town
of
this
Name
in
Lorrain
,
the
Capital
of
a
Bailiage
.
Belle-garde
,
Belloguardia
stands
on
the
left
side
Banks
of
the
Saone
,
five
Leagues
from
Chaalons
to
the
North
East
,
and
was
formerly
called
Seure
,
but
the
Name
was
changed
when
King
L●wis
XIII
.
erected
it
into
a
Duchy
in
favour
of
Roger
de
S.
Lari
,
A.
D.
1620.
It
was
also
well
fortified
for
some
time
,
but
its
Bulwarks
are
now
dismantled
.
The
MOUNTAINOUS
COUNTRY
,
Tractus
Montanus
,
lies
to
the
North
of
Burgundy
and
the
Spring-head
of
the
Seine
;
its
chief
Towns
are
these
,
-
Chatillon
sur
Seine
,
Cap.
-
Bar-sur-Seine
.
-
Aisei-le-duc
&c.
Chatillon
sur
Seine
,
Castelio
ad
Sequanam
,
is
a
fair
Town
and
Abbey
extended
very
far
in
length
along
the
banks
of
the
Seine
,
about
40
miles
from
Dijon
to
the
North
,
and
30
from
Langres
to
the
West
.
It
is
divided
by
the
River
into
two
parts
,
one
whereof
is
call'd
The
Burgh
,
and
the
other
Chaumont
.
Here
are
to
be
seen
the
ruins
of
an
old
Castle
;
as
also
not
far
from
hence
a
large
Spring
,
the
Waters
of
which
turn
many
Mills
,
and
are
very
serviceable
to
the
Inhabitants
for
the
making
of
divers
sorts
of
Manufactures
.
This
is
the
Seat
of
the
Baily
of
this
Country
.
Bar-sur-Seine
,
Barium
super
Sequanam
,
takes
its
Name
in
like
manner
from
its
situation
on
the
Seine
,
near
the
Confines
of
Champagne
,
about
18
miles
from
Chatillon
to
the
North
,
and
15
from
Troys
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
little
Town
well
built
,
and
stands
in
the
midst
of
a
fruitful
Country
.
AUXOIS
,
Alexiensis
Tractus
,
borders
on
the
Frontiers
of
Nivernois
,
and
includes
these
principal
Towns
,
viz.
-
Seymeur
,
Cap.
-
Avalon
.
-
Arnay-le-Duc
,
&c.
SEMEUR
,
Semurium
,
is
a
small
Town
on
a
Rivulet
which
dischargeth
it self
into
that
of
Armanson
,
being
distant
30
miles
from
Autun
to
the
North
,
and
35
from
Auxerre
to
the
South
East
.
Avalon
,
Avello
,
is
seated
in
a
Plain
on
the
River
Cousin
,
30
miles
from
Auxerre
to
the
South
,
and
about
40
from
Autun
.
It
is
a
small
City
,
and
hath
a
Castle
,
and
is
the
Seat
of
the
Bailiage
.
Robert
King
of
France
took
this
Town
by
Famine
after
a
Siege
of
three
Months
,
A
D.
1003.
Arnay-le-duc
,
Arnaeum
ducinum
,
is
a
very
pleasant
Town
near
the
Spring-head
of
the
River
Arroux
,
and
one
of
the
Seats
of
the
Baily
of
Auxois
,
being
distant
35
miles
from
Avallon
to
the
South
East
,
and
20
from
Challon
to
the
No●th
west
.
AUXERROIS
,
Altissiodorensis
Ager
,
lies
between
Champagne
,
Gatinois
,
Auxois
,
and
Nivernois
The
Places
of
chiefest
Note
being
these
,
viz.
-
Auxerre
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Coutange
.
-
Seignelay
.
-
Crevant
,
&c.
AUXERRE
,
Antissiodorum
,
is
seated
on
the
side
of
a
Hill
in
a
fruitful
Country
,
and
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Yonne
,
where
it
begins
to
be
navigable
,
at
the
distance
of
70
miles
from
Paris
to
the
South
,
30
from
Sens
,
and
20
from
Avallon
to
the
North-west
.
It
is
a
very
ancient
City
,
't
is
said
Julian
the
Apostate
refreshed
his
Army
here
for
some
time
.
A
,
C.
451
,
it
was
ruin'd
by
Attila
,
and
King
Robert
took
it
from
Landri
Count
of
Nevers
,
in
1005.
Afterward
it
became
subject
to
certain
particular
Counts
,
and
at
length
was
united
to
the
Crown
of
France
.
It
hath
been
long
since
erected
into
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Sens
,
and
its
Cathedral
bearing
the
Name
of
St.
Stephen
,
is
a
very
magnificent
Structure
,
having
a
faire
Quire
,
an
exceeding
high
Tower
,
and
a
Chapter
compos'd
of
59
Canons
,
a
Dean
,
a
Chanter
,
a
Grand
Arch-deacon
,
a
Penitentiary
,
and
4
Arch-Priests
.
Here
are
also
other
fair
Churches
,
a
stone
Bridge
over
the
River
,
divers
publick
Fountains
and
large
publick
Places
.
It
is
dignified
with
the
title
of
a
County
,
Baili●ge
,
and
hath
a
Presidial
and
Election
from
the
South
east
parts
,
It
stands
upon
the
great
Road
to
Paris
,
and
is
therefore
much
frequented
by
Travellers
.
The
County
of
CHAROLOIS
,
Caroliensis
C●mitatus
,
is
situated
to
the
South
of
that
of
Burgund●
,
between
Bourbonnois
and
Masconnois
.
Its
principal
Towns
are
,
-
Charoles
Cap.
-
Paroi-le-Monial
.
-
Toulon
.
-
Mont
S.
Vincent
,
&c.
CHAROLES
,
Caroliae
,
is
seated
on
the
Rivulet
of
Reconse
,
30
miles
from
Autun
to
the
South
,
12
from
the
River
Loire
to
the
E.
and
20
from
Mascon
to
the
W.
It
is
a
very
fair
Town
,
beautified
with
a
Collegiate
Church
and
some
Monasteries
.
Toulon
,
or
Toulon
seu
Arroux
,
Tullonium
ad
Arrosium
,
is
a
small
Town
through
which
run
the
Streams
of
the
River
Arroux
,
seated
almost
in
the
midway
between
Autun
and
Charoles
,
and
25
from
Challon
to
the
W.
BRIENNOIS
,
Briennensis
Tractus
,
lies
between
Charolois
and
Masconois
,
near
the
Frontiers
of
Beaujolois
,
and
doth
not
contain
within
its
bounds
any
Place
of
good
Note
,
excepting
Anoy-le-Duc
&
Semeur
,
Semurium
,
which
stands
on
a
Hill
scarcely
one
League
from
the
River
Loire
to
the
E.
and
on
the
Confines
of
Beaujolois
.
MASCONNOIS
,
Matisconensis
Tractus
,
borders
on
the
Southern
part
of
the
Duchy
of
Burgundy
toward
Bresse
,
being
about
30
Miles
long
and
24
broad
.
The
chief
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Mascon
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Tornus
,
Abb.
-
Clugny
,
Abb.
MASCON
,
Matisco
aut
Matiscona
,
is
situated
on
the
side
of
a
little
Hill
on
the
Bank
of
the
Saon
,
and
near
the
Confines
of
the
Province
of
Bresse
,
almost
in
the
midst
between
Lyon
to
the
S.
and
Chaalons
to
the
N.
at
the
distance
of
about
30
Miles
from
each
.
It
is
a
place
of
much
Antiquity
,
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Lyon
;
also
a
Bailliage
and
an
Election
.
Here
is
a
stately
Bridge
over
the
River
Saon
,
which
leads
to
the
Suburbs
of
S.
Lawrence
,
where
are
two
strong
Towers
.
The
Cathedral
is
dedicated
to
S.
Vincent
,
besides
which
here
is
a
Collegiate
Church
,
the
Canons
whereof
are
all
of
noble
Extraction
,
the
Parochial
Church
of
S.
Stephen
,
many
Religious
Houses
and
a
College
of
Jesuits
.
This
City
was
often
ruin'd
by
the
Incursions
of
the
Huns
,
Burgundians
and
Franks
,
but
hath
been
often
repair'd
by
the
munificence
of
divers
Kings
of
France
.
Tornus
,
or
Tournus
,
Tinurtium
&
Trenorchium
,
is
a
large
Town
built
on
the
Banks
of
the
Saon
,
about
15
Miles
from
Mascon
to
the
N.
and
18
from
Chaalons
to
the
S.
Albinus
Caesar
was
overcome
by
the
Emperor
Severus
near
this
Place
;
at
present
it
is
chiefly
remarkable
for
its
Famous
Abbey
.
Cluny
or
Clugny
,
is
a
Village
Founded
on
a
small
River
called
Grosne
,
10
Miles
from
Mascon
to
the
N.
W.
and
15
from
Charoles
to
the
E.
It
hath
in
like
manner
imparted
its
Name
to
the
renowned
Abbey
of
Cluniack
Monks
,
which
is
the
chief
of
the
whole
Order
,
and
was
instituted
according
to
the
Rule
of
S.
Benedict
,
A.
C.
910.
by
Bernon
Abbot
of
Gigniac
,
by
the
Favour
of
William
I.
Duke
of
Aquitaine
and
Count
of
Auvergne
.
BRESSE
,
Sebussianus
Ager
,
lies
S.
E.
from
Burgundy
,
and
is
bounded
on
the
E.
Burgundy
and
Beaujolois
,
on
the
W.
by
the
River
Dain
,
which
divides
it
from
Bugey
,
on
the
N.
by
Challonois
,
and
on
the
S.
by
Lionnois
and
Dauphine
,
and
is
in
extent
from
N.
to
S.
about
40
Miles
,
and
from
E.
to
W.
30
Miles
.
It
is
a
Fruitful
Country
,
but
by
reason
of
some
Lakes
of
standing
Water
in
it
,
not
very
wholesom
in
some
Parts
.
It
is
divided
into
the
Upper
,
being
the
Parts
about
Bourg
;
and
the
Lower
,
lying
towards
the
Lionnois
.
The
chief
Towns
are
,
-
Bourg
,
Cap.
-
Montluel
,
a
small
Town
on
the
S.
borders
of
the
Province
.
-
Coligny
,
15
Miles
North
from
Bourg
.
-
Pont
des
Vaux
,
near
the
Saon
,
and
15
Miles
from
Coligny
to
the
West
,
&c.
BOURG
,
Burgus
,
aut
Forum
Sebusianorum
,
is
situated
in
a
Marshy
Ground
on
the
Rivulet
of
Reissousse
,
at
the
distance
of
15
Miles
from
Mascon
to
the
E.
and
30
from
Lyon
to
the
N.
being
environ'd
on
the
E.
by
Mount
St.
Claude
and
the
Hills
of
Vignoble
,
and
on
the
W.
by
a
spacious
Plain
extended
as
far
as
the
River
Saon
.
This
Town
,
together
with
the
whole
Province
,
hath
been
subject
to
the
Dominion
of
the
French
Kings
ever
since
the
Year
1601.
whereas
before
it
belonged
to
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
who
had
built
a
strong
Citadel
in
it
in
the
Year
1569.
which
was
demolished
in
1611.
However
,
it
is
as
yet
govern'd
as
it
were
in
form
of
a
Republick
,
the
Administration
of
all
Civil
Affairs
being
committed
to
the
care
of
two
Syndicks
or
Sheriffs
.
Pope
Leo
X.
erected
an
Episcopal
Sea
at
Bourg
,
A.
D.
1515.
which
was
suppressed
in
the
Year
ensuing
.
It
was
also
established
in
1521.
but
Pope
Paul
III
.
thought
fit
to
establish
it
again
by
his
Bull
publish'd
in
1534.
This
Town
hath
a
Bailliage
,
a
Court
of
Election
,
and
a
Presidial
.
BUGEY
,
Beugesia
,
Beugia
,
Bugia
,
lies
between
Savoy
to
the
E.
and
Bresse
to
the
W.
from
whence
it
is
separated
by
the
River
Dein
,
including
these
chief
Towns
,
viz.
-
Bellay
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Lanieu
.
-
Seissel
.
-
S.
Rambert
,
&c.
BELLAY
,
Bellicum
,
stands
upon
a
Hill
about
2
Miles
from
the
River
Rhone
,
36
from
Bourg
to
the
S.
E.
and
40
from
Grenoble
to
the
N.
It
is
a
City
of
but
small
compass
,
nevertheless
dignified
with
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Besancon
.
It
was
ruined
by
Fire
in
the
Year
1385
,
but
Amedes
VIII
.
Duke
of
Savoy
,
caused
it
to
be
rebuilt
and
enclosed
with
Walls
.
The
Chapter
of
the
Cathedral
Church
of
St.
John
Baptist
,
which
had
been
before
regular
under
the
Rule
of
S.
Augustin
,
was
seculariz'd
in
1579.
It
is
composed
of
19
Canons
and
4
Dignitaries
,
viz.
the
Dean
,
the
Arch-Priest
,
the
Almone●
and
the
Chanter
.
But
the
Bishop
is
both
Spiritual
and
Temporal
Lord
of
the
City
,
which
was
resign'd
,
together
with
the
adjacent
Territories
,
by
the
Savoyards
,
to
the
French
,
A.
D.
1601.
Seissel
,
Sesselium
&
Sissum
,
is
a
large
Town
where
a
Bridge
of
Boats
is
laid
over
the
River
Rhone
,
which
divides
it
into
two
Parts
,
and
now
begins
to
be
navigable
.
It
stands
on
the
Foot
of
the
Hills
,
and
the
very
Frontiers
of
Savoy
,
being
distant
20
Miles
from
Bellay
to
the
North
,
and
15
from
Annecy
in
Savoy
to
the
West
.
The
Bailiage
of
GEG
,
Gega
aut
Gaium
,
is
a
small
Territory
,
that
lies
between
the
County
of
Burgundy
to
the
North
,
and
the
City
of
Geneva
to
the
South
;
the
County
of
Vaud
in
Suisserland
to
the
East
,
and
Bugey
to
the
West
.
But
it
doth
not
comprehend
any
very
considerable
place
,
except
the
Town
of
Gex
,
Gesium
,
the
Capital
and
Seat
of
the
Bailiff
,
which
was
also
granted
by
the
Duke
of
Savoy
to
the
French
King
,
by
the
Peace
concluded
at
Lyons
,
A.
D.
1601.
The
Principality
of
DOMBES
,
Dumbensis
Principatus
,
is
a
small
,
but
very
pleasant
Country
,
lying
South-West
of
Bresse
,
along
the
Banks
of
the
Saon
,
between
Masconnois
and
Lyonnois
,
and
contains
11
Castellanies
,
whereof
that
of
Trevoux
is
the
chief
;
the
others
are
,
Beauregard
,
Montmerle
,
Toissey
,
Lans
,
Chatamon
,
Cheteler
,
S.
Trivier
,
Velleneuve
,
Ambrica
&
Ligmieu
.
Trevoux
,
Trivoltium
,
a
small
Town
,
but
the
Capital
of
this
Principality
and
a
Bailiage
,
is
seated
at
the
Foot
of
a
Hill
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Saone
,
10.
Miles
above
Lyon
to
the
North
,
and
near
30
from
Mascon
.
The
County
of
BURGUNDY
,
or
the
UPPER
BURGUNDY
,
also
call'd
the
FRANCHE
COMPTE
,
is
the
Country
of
the
ancient
Sequani
,
and
part
of
the
ancient
Burgundia
Cisjurana
.
It
is
bounded
on
the
E.
by
Switzerland
,
on
the
S.
by
Bresse
,
Bugey
,
and
the
Bailiage
of
Gex
,
on
the
N.
by
Lorraine
,
and
on
the
W.
by
the
Duchy
of
Burgundy
and
part
of
Champagne
;
and
is
extended
from
the
46th
Deg
.
10
Min.
to
the
48th
Deg
.
including
the
Space
of
about
110
Miles
;
and
from
the
23d
Deg
.
15
Min.
to
the
25th
Deg
.
10
Min.
of
Longitude
,
which
amounts
to
72
Miles
,
from
the
Frontiers
of
the
Bishoprick
of
Basil
as
far
as
beyond
Gray
.
This
Province
affords
abundance
of
Corn
,
Wine
,
Timber
and
Cattel
,
especially
Horses
.
There
are
also
a
great
number
of
Salt-pits
,
and
many
Quarries
of
black
Marble
,
Jaspar
of
divers
colours
,
and
very
fair
Alabaster
,
together
with
some
Mines
of
Iron
.
The
principal
Rivers
are
,
the
Soane
,
the
Doux
,
the
Lougnon
and
the
Louve
,
which
are
full
of
several
sorts
of
Fish
.
Moreover
,
the
Wines
of
Arbois
,
Poligny
and
Vesoul
,
are
esteemed
beyond
those
of
the
other
Provinces
of
France
.
This
County
was
quietly
possessed
by
the
Kings
of
Spain
,
and
Heirs
of
the
Family
of
Burgundy
,
till
the
time
of
this
present
King
of
France
,
who
,
in
the
Year
1668.
by
his
Army
made
himself
Master
of
it
,
but
was
obliged
to
surrender
it
the
same
Year
by
the
Treaty
of
Aix
la
Chapelle
:
Notwithstanding
which
,
he
again
invaded
and
took
it
in
the
Year
1674.
and
forced
the
Spaniards
to
grant
it
to
him
in
the
following
Peace
of
Nimeguen
,
as
we
have
already
elsewhere
shewn
;
It
is
divided
into
three
Parts
,
viz.
The
Bailiage
of
VESOUL
,
or
AMONT
;
or
the
Upper
Bailiage
of
the
County
of
Burgundy
,
is
extended
toward
the
Northern
Part
of
this
Province
,
and
comprehends
these
most
considerable
Towns
,
viz.
-
Vesoul
,
Cap.
-
Gray
.
-
Beaune
les
Nonnes
.
-
Luxueil
.
-
Rey
.
-
Jussey
.
-
Cromarcy
.
-
Rugemont
.
-
Lure
,
Abb.
-
Mont-beliard
County
.
VESOUL
,
Vesulum
,
is
situated
on
a
small
River
that
runs
into
the
Saone
,
at
the
distance
of
28
Miles
from
Besancon
to
the
N.
20
from
the
Borders
of
Lorraine
to
the
S.
and
30
from
Mont-beliard
to
the
W.
This
Town
of
late
hath
been
often
taken
and
restored
,
but
was
at
length
resign'd
to
the
French
King
by
the
Treaty
of
Nimeguen
,
A.
D.
1678.
Gray
,
Graium
,
Greium
&
Graiacum
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
Saone
,
30
Miles
from
Vesoul
to
the
S.
W.
and
20
from
Dole
to
the
N.
It
is
a
fair
Town
,
thô
of
small
extent
,
and
formerly
well
Fortified
with
a
Castle
.
&c.
but
it
was
taken
by
the
French
,
A.
D.
1668.
and
also
in
1674
,
and
not
long
after
all
its
Bulwarks
,
together
with
the
Fort
,
were
intirely
demolished
.
Lure
,
Ludera
,
Lurensis
Monast
.
a
small
Town
and
famous
Monastery
,
whose
Abbot
was
Lord
of
the
Town
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Lougn●n
,
18
Miles
from
Vesoul
to
the
E.
Mont-beliard
,
Mons-belligardus
,
gives
Name
to
a
County
on
the
N.
E.
of
the
Franche
Compte
,
and
bounded
on
the
N.
with
Lorraine
,
and
on
the
E.
by
Suntgaw
:
It
was
formerly
part
of
Germany
,
and
belong'd
to
the
Dukes
of
Wirtemberg
,
but
hath
been
made
part
of
France
by
the
present
King
.
The
Town
is
seated
at
the
Foot
of
a
Rock
,
on
the
top
whereof
stands
the
Castle
,
which
was
the
Seat
of
a
Count
of
the
Family
of
Wirtemberg
:
It
had
,
besides
,
a
strong
Citadel
,
now
destroy'd
.
It
is
but
a
small
Place
,
having
not
above
two
or
three
Streets
;
and
is
water'd
by
the
small
River
Hall
or
Alaine
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Donx
.
This
Town
is
distant
40
Miles
from
Besancon
to
the
N.
E
and
33
from
Basil
to
the
W.
and
not
far
from
the
Foot
of
Vauge
.
The
middle
Bailiage
,
or
that
of
DOLE
,
Dolensis
Tractus
,
lies
in
the
midst
of
this
Province
,
from
the
Frontiers
of
the
Duchy
of
Burgundy
to
those
of
Switzerland
,
containing
in
its
Limits
these
prinicpal
Towns
,
viz.
-
Besancon
,
Arch.
Cap.
-
Dole
,
-
Ornans
,
-
Quingey
,
-
Verceil
,
-
Loye
,
-
Rochefort
,
&c.
BESANCON
,
Vesontio
,
Vesontium
and
Bisuntio
,
is
a
very
ancient
City
,
and
the
Capital
of
Franche
Compte
,
the
Sea
of
an
Archbishop
,
the
Seat
of
the
Parliament
,
and
a
considerable
University
.
It
is
seated
on
the
River
Doux
,
which
almost
encompasses
it
;
and
is
defended
with
a
good
Citadel
lately
Built
.
This
City
was
formerly
Imperial
and
Free
,
under
the
Protection
of
the
Count
of
Burgundy
,
but
exempted
in
the
Year
1651
,
and
given
to
the
Spaniards
,
from
whom
it
was
taken
by
the
French
,
and
by
the
Treaty
of
Nimeguen
granted
to
them
with
the
rest
of
the
County
.
It
is
distant
30
Miles
from
Vesoul
to
the
South
,
54
from
Dijon
to
the
East
,
30
from
the
Frontiers
of
Suisserland
to
the
West
,
and
60
from
Geneva
to
the
North
.
Dole
,
Dola
,
is
in
like
manner
seated
on
the
Doux
,
in
a
Pleasant
and
Fertile
Country
,
about
30
Miles
from
Besancon
to
the
W.
and
as
many
from
Dijon
to
the
E.
It
was
heretofore
the
Capital
of
the
Province
,
but
Besancon
now
enjoys
that
Privilege
.
Philip
the
Good
,
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
Founded
a
University
here
in
the
Year
1426
,
which
the
Duchess
Margaret
augmented
in
1484
,
and
it
is
now
in
flourishing
State
.
Here
is
a
Chamber
of
Accounts
and
a
Bailiage
.
This
City
was
heretofore
well
Fortified
,
but
the
present
French
King
made
himself
Master
of
it
in
the
Month
of
February
,
1668
,
and
Dismantled
it
before
he
restored
it
to
the
Spaniards
,
as
he
was
forced
to
do
by
the
Treaty
of
Aix
la
Chapelle
;
by
which
means
he
the
easier
retook
it
in
1674
,
and
hath
ever
since
possessed
it
.
The
other
Towns
contain
nothing
very
considerable
.
The
Bailiage
of
POLIGNY
,
Polichniensis
Tractus
,
or
of
AVAL
,
or
of
the
Lower
Bailiage
of
the
County
of
Burgundy
,
is
situated
between
Suisserland
on
the
East
,
Bresse
on
the
South
,
the
Duchy
of
Burgundy
on
the
West
,
and
the
middle
Bailiage
,
or
that
of
Dole
,
on
the
North
,
comprising
within
its
Jurisdiction
the
following
Towns
,
viz.
-
Poligny
,
Capital
.
-
Leon
de
Saimier
,
-
Salins
,
-
Arlay
,
-
Chatel-Chalon
,
-
S.
Claude
,
Abb.
-
Blaterans
,
-
Orgelet
,
-
Champignole
,
-
Arbois
,
-
Pontarlier
,
-
Noseroy
,
-
Jougne
,
-
Arantan
,
-
Moutau
.
-
Sorlin
,
-
Mommorat
,
-
Rufey
,
&c.
POLIGNY
,
Polichnium
,
Polenium
,
and
Pol●niacum
,
is
built
near
a
small
River
that
runs
into
the
Doux
,
and
was
formerly
well
Fortified
,
and
more
considerable
than
at
present
.
Its
Suburbs
are
large
,
encompass'd
with
Gardens
,
Hills
and
Forests
,
and
the
Wines
made
here
are
highly
esteem'd
.
It
is
distant
20
Miles
from
Dole
to
the
S.
E.
36
from
Besancon
,
as
many
from
the
Frontiers
of
Swisserland
,
and
35
from
Geneva
to
the
N.
W.
Salins
,
Salinae
,
and
Saliense
Castrum
,
is
pleasantly
seated
in
a
Valley
between
two
Mountains
,
on
the
Rivulet
of
Forica
,
at
the
distance
of
12
Miles
from
Poligny
to
the
N.
E.
20
from
Besancon
to
the
S.
taking
its
Name
from
an
admirable
Spring
of
Salt-waters
,
whereof
are
made
vast
quantities
of
pure
white
Salt
,
that
afford
a
large
Revenue
to
the
Prince
.
This
Town
is
extended
very
far
in
length
,
and
well
Fottified
,
its
Walls
being
flanked
with
high
Towers
,
besides
two
Castles
that
defend
it
on
all
sides
,
and
the
Citadel
on
the
top
of
a
steep
Rock
,
rendring
it
almost
Impregnable
.
The
Wall
,
or
Store-house
,
commonly
call'd
La
Grand
Saulnerie
,
(
wherein
the
Salt
is
boiled
and
preserved
,
and
the
Officers
employed
in
this
Operation
have
their
Lodgings
)
is
a
stately
Building
.
S.
Claude
,
Fanum
S.
Claudii
,
is
in
like
manner
a
strong
Hold
on
the
Frontiers
of
Bugey
,
and
the
Country
of
Gex
,
about
3
Leagues
from
the
River
Rhone
,
and
5
from
Geneva
to
the
West
.
It
was
formerly
called
St.
Oyen
de
Joux
,
Fanum
Sancti
Eugendi
;
and
is
now
chiefly
remarkable
for
its
Famous
Monastery
,
in
which
is
preserv'd
the
Body
of
St.
Claude
,
Archbishop
of
Besancon
,
in
the
VII
Century
,
whose
Name
is
communicated
to
this
Town
and
part
of
Mount
Jura
in
the
adjacent
Territory
.
On
the
East
side
of
the
Franche
Comte
,
stands
the
ridge
of
Mountains
,
call'd
Mont-Jura
,
which
extends
from
near
Basil
on
the
Rhine
in
the
N.
quite
as
far
as
the
River
Rhone
and
the
Province
of
Bugey
,
being
the
whole
length
of
this
Country
,
and
divides
it
from
Swisserland
;
but
in
several
Places
they
bear
different
Names
:
At
the
South
end
it
divides
into
two
Branches
,
whereof
one
extends
to
the
Rhine
,
about
12
or
15
Miles
below
Geneva
,
and
is
called
the
Credo
;
the
other
divides
the
Franche
Comte
from
Beugey
,
and
is
named
M●nt
St.
Claude
from
a
little
Town
near
it
:
About
the
source
of
the
River
Doux
,
it
is
called
Mont
de
Joux
;
in
the
Neighbourhood
of
Basil
,
Pierrepont
and
Botzberg
,
and
a
little
more
Southward
,
Schaffmas
,
and
by
the
Swissers
Leerberg
.
This
Government
is
divided
between
two
Governours-General
,
whereof
one
hath
the
Duchy
of
Burgundy
,
Bresse
,
Beugey
,
Valromey
and
Gex
,
under
his
Care
;
and
the
other
the
County
of
Burgundy
,
or
Franche
Comte
.
Of
the
Duchy
of
Burgundy
,
&c.
the
Prince
of
Conde
is
the
Governor-General
,
and
the
Count
d'Armagnac
Hereditary
Grand
Seneschal
;
and
under
them
are
five
Lieutenants
Generals
,
twelve
Bailiffs
,
and
thirteen
Governors
of
Places
,
viz.
of
Dijon
,
Auxone
,
Chalon
,
Bellegarde
,
Taland
,
Semeur
in
Auxois
,
the
Bridge
of
Mascon
,
Ausun
,
Beaune
,
Bourbon
,
Lancy
,
Avalon
and
Chatillon
.
In
the
County
of
Burgundy
,
the
Duke
de
Duras
is
Governor-General
,
and
under
him
one
Lieutenant-General
,
and
eleven
Governors
of
Places
in
these
Towns
,
viz.
Besancon
,
the
Citadel
of
Besancon
;
also
the
Fort
of
St.
Stephen
,
and
the
Fort
Grifon
,
in
the
same
City
have
different
Governors
;
Dole
,
Salins
,
the
two
Forts
of
St.
Andrew
,
and
Belim
,
the
Castle
of
Joug
and
Town
of
Pontarbier
,
the
Castle
of
Blamont
,
and
the
Castle
of
Montbeliard
.
The
Burgundians
,
who
gave
Name
to
this
Country
,
were
once
a
very
Powerful
Nation
,
possessing
not
only
this
Duc●y
and
County
of
Burgundy
,
but
also
Alsatia
,
Swisse●●and
,
W●llistand
and
Savoy
,
and
afterwards
Dauphine
,
Li●nnois
and
Nivernois
also
;
which
great
Tract
of
Country
was
divided
by
the
Romans
into
Burgundy
Trans
,
and
Cis
Jurana
,
with
respect
to
Mount
Jura
.
They
were
originally
a
Tribe
of
the
Vandals
,
and
came
from
the
Parts
about
Me●kien●urg
and
Pomerania
,
and
like
the
rest
of
those
Northern
Nations
,
a
rough
unciviliz'd
People
,
living
in
Tents
clap'd
up
for
their
present
Occasions
,
which
in
their
Language
were
called
Burghs
,
and
thence
the
Men
Burgundians
:
Thus
saith
Agathias
and
other
Historians
.
But
Isidore
derives
their
Name
from
Ognius
,
under
which
Name
they
Worshipped
Hercules
:
But
this
,
as
all
Etymologies
,
is
ve●y
uncertain
;
the
former
seems
much
the
more
Natural
,
and
is
therefore
generally
follow'd
.
About
the
beginning
of
the
Fifth
Century
they
received
Christianity
,
and
began
to
Inhabit
the
Towns
along
the
Banks
of
the
Rhine
,
and
by
their
valiant
resistance
of
the
Huns
,
obtained
great
Reputation
,
and
for
that
reason
were
called
into
Gaul
by
Stilico
the
Roman
General
to
assist
him
against
the
Franks
,
&c.
And
for
their
Service
had
the
two
Burgundies
assigned
them
;
to
which
they
afterwards
added
Lyonnois
,
Nivernois
and
Dauphine
,
and
erected
a
Kingdom
,
which
continued
for
120
Years
in
an
uninterrupted
Succession
;
at
the
end
o●
which
,
Childebert
and
Clotaire
,
the
French
Kings
of
Paris
and
Soissons
,
de●eated
and
slew
Gundomar
the
last
Burgundian
King
,
by
which
that
Kingdom
being
broken
,
the
Eastern
Parts
were
seized
by
others
,
and
the
Western
made
Parts
of
the
French
Ki●gdoms
,
and
remained
so
for
some
Ages
,
till
at
length
Lewis
the
Godly
,
Son
of
Charles
the
Great
,
in
the
Partition
that
he
made
of
the
Kingdom
Charlemaign
left
him
(
already
mentioned
)
erected
Burgundy
again
into
a
Kingdom
;
the
chief
Seat
whereof
being
Arles
,
it
was
sometimes
called
the
Kingdom
of
Arles
.
In
this
state
it
continued
for
near
200
Years
,
till
the
Death
of
Rodolph
III
.
1032
,
who
leaving
no
Issue
,
bequeathed
his
Estate
to
Conrad
the
Emperor
who
had
Married
his
Sister
,
or
Niece
,
as
others
say
:
After
which
it
was
again
divided
among
several
Princes
;
this
now
called
the
Duchy
of
Burgundy
,
the
Ancestors
of
Hugh
Capet
enjoy'd
,
and
by
his
Son
King
R●bert
it
w●s
annexed
to
the
Crown
;
but
by
his
Successor
H●nry
I.
given
in
appenage
to
his
Brother
Robert
,
whose
Posterity
continued
Dukes
of
Burgundy
till
1361
,
when
Eudes
IV
.
leaving
only
one
Son
,
who
died
young
,
the
Duchy
was
claimed
by
John
King
of
France
,
Charles
King
of
Navarre
,
and
Edward
Count
of
Barr
,
all
three
Descended
from
the
Sisters
of
Eudes
;
of
these
John
got
the
better
,
and
gave
it
to
his
younger
Son
Philip
who
by
Marriage
obtained
also
the
Counties
of
Burgundy
and
Flanders
,
and
his
Successors
added
almost
all
the
Netherlands
;
insomuch
,
that
Philip
the
Good
and
Charles
the
Warlike
,
the
two
last
Kings
of
Burgundy
,
were
as
powerful
Princes
as
any
in
Europe
:
But
the
latter
being
killed
in
his
Wars
against
the
Swissers
,
A.
1476.
and
leaving
no
Male
Issue
,
Lewis
XI
.
seized
the
Duchy
as
an
Escheat
to
the
Crown
;
and
it
hath
ever
since
been
retained
by
the
Kings
of
France
;
but
the
County
of
Burgundy
with
the
other
Estates
of
that
Prince
,
descended
to
Mary
,
Daughter
of
Charles
,
who
Marryi
g
Maximilian
of
Austria
,
afterwards
Emperor
,
brought
the
Netherlands
into
that
Family
,
and
Philip
,
the
Son
of
Mary
and
Maximilian
,
Married
Joan
,
Queen
of
Castile
,
and
Begat
Charles
V.
who
was
Emperor
of
Germany
,
King
of
Spain
and
the
Indies
,
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
Lord
of
the
Netherlands
;
as
will
be
seen
more
particularly
in
our
account
of
Belgium
.
CHAP.
IX
.
The
Government
of
LYONNOIS
,
Lugdunensis
Provincia
.
THE
Government
call'd
LYONNOIS
,
comprehends
the
ancient
Gallia
Celtica
,
or
at
least
the
greatest
part
thereof
,
being
bounded
on
the
North
by
Berry
,
Nivernois
and
Burgundy
;
on
the
South
by
the
Mountains
of
Cevennes
,
and
the
Country
of
Rouvergue
;
on
the
East
by
Bresse
and
Dauphine
,
and
on
the
West
by
Quercy
,
Limousin
,
Angoumois
and
Poictou
.
It
lies
between
the
44
Degree
,
26
Minutes
,
and
the
46
Degree
,
46
Minutes
Lat
.
in
its
greatest
breadth
from
South
to
North
,
consisting
of
about
140
English
Miles
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
the
Frontiers
of
Rouvergue
to
Dun-le-Roy
,
on
the
Frontiers
of
Berry
;
as
also
between
the
18th
Degree
,
and
22d
Degree
,
50
Min.
of
Longitude
.
And
in
its
greatest
length
from
W.
to
E.
includes
the
space
of
180
Miles
,
viz.
From
beyond
the
Town
of
Availle
on
the
River
Vienne
,
near
the
Confines
of
Poictou
,
as
far
as
Lyon
.
The
Soil
here
is
not
so
Fertile
as
in
other
Parts
,
by
reason
of
the
many
Mountains
that
rise
up
in
some
of
its
Parts
.
The
principal
Rivers
are
the
Loire
,
the
Rhone
,
the
Sone
and
the
Allier
.
In
this
Government
are
compriz'd
six
different
Countries
,
viz.
-
Lionnois
,
Proper
-
Lyon
,
Archbish
.
-
Forets
,
-
Montbrison
.
-
Beaujolois
,
-
Beaujeu
.
-
Bourbonnois
,
-
Moulins
.
-
Auvergne
,
-
Clermont
.
-
Marche
,
-
Gueret
.
LIONNOIS
,
properly
so
call'd
,
Lugdunensis
Ager
,
is
of
but
small
extent
.
It
lies
along
the
Banks
of
the
River
Rhone
and
Saone
,
and
is
from
North
to
South
about
45
Miles
,
and
from
East
to
West
not
above
12
or
45
Miles
,
and
is
bounded
by
Dauphine
;
from
whence
it
is
separated
by
the
Rhone
and
Bresse
,
and
Beaujolois
on
the
North
,
Forets
on
the
West
,
and
Vivaretz
on
the
South
.
The
Country
round
about
Lyon
,
produces
more
Grapes
than
Corn
,
and
the
rest
is
Fertile
enough
in
both
.
and
yields
excellent
Fruits
.
Its
most
considerable
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Lyon
,
Archbish
.
-
Neuville
,
-
S.
Chaumont
,
-
Coindrieu
,
-
Anse
,
&c.
LYONS
,
Lugdunum
,
is
large
,
populous
and
flourishing
,
and
next
Paris
may
be
reckon'd
the
richest
,
largest
,
and
most
trading
City
of
all
France
,
except
Roan
be
preferred
,
which
she
claims
;
however
it
be
,
Lyons
is
very
considerable
on
account
of
its
great
Traffick
,
which
its
convenient
Situation
on
the
Rivers
Rhone
and
Saone
,
and
on
the
Road
to
Italy
doth
much
assist
.
It
is
the
Sea
of
an
Archbishop
,
who
hath
the
Title
of
Primate
of
Gaul
;
also
a
Generality
,
Election
,
Seneschalcy
,
Presidial
,
and
a
particular
Court
for
Merchants
,
call'd
the
Tribunal
of
Commerce
,
and
hath
also
a
Famous
University
,
and
an
Exchange
or
Course
of
Money
.
The
Origine
of
this
City
is
much
disputed
;
some
Authors
report
it
to
have
been
built
by
one
Lugdus
a
King
of
the
Celtae
:
Strabo
makes
Momor
a
Gaulish
Prince
its
Founder
,
which
is
also
disputed
by
others
;
and
concerning
its
Name
,
there
is
the
same
difference
,
some
deducing
it
from
Rugdus
abovementioned
,
and
the
old
Gaulish
Word
Dunum
,
a
Mountain
or
rising
Ground
,
such
a
one
being
near
it
;
others
from
an
old
Gaulish
Word
,
intimating
a
Hill
of
Crows
,
from
a
lucky
Omen
of
these
Birds
at
its
Foundation
.
There
are
many
others
too
long
and
trivial
to
mention
here
.
It
is
seated
at
the
Foot
of
the
Mountains
on
the
Frontiers
of
the
Provinces
of
Bresse
and
Dauphine
,
being
separated
from
the
latter
only
by
the
River
Rhone
,
which
passing
by
the
City
,
hath
a
long
Stone-Bridge
over
it
,
and
a
little
below
receives
the
Soane
,
over
which
in
like
manner
are
three
fair
Bridges
.
The
Town
is
divided
into
two
Parts
,
the
Greater
whereof
lying
between
the
Rhone
and
the
Soane
,
is
the
Quarter
of
St.
Nizier
,
and
the
Lesser
that
of
St.
John
.
These
two
Quarters
are
sub-divided
into
32
Wards
,
or
Precincts
,
call'd
Penonages
,
and
every
one
of
them
hath
its
particular
chief
Sub-ordinate
Officers
.
The
City
is
likewise
surrounded
with
very
large
Suburbs
,
and
fenc'd
with
an
old
Castle
built
on
an
adjacent
Rock
,
named
Pierre-Scize
,
and
it
is
adorn'd
with
many
stately
Edifices
,
among
which
the
Guild-Hall
or
Town-house
is
chiefly
conspicuous
,
and
esteem'd
as
a
Master-piece
of
Architecture
.
Here
are
likewise
to
be
seen
the
Remains
of
some
ancient
Roman
Works
,
particularly
of
an
Amphitheatre
,
divers
Aqueducts
,
publick
Baths
,
&c.
The
City
of
Lyons
having
been
burnt
by
Lightning
in
the
time
of
Nero
,
A.
C.
59.
was
Re-built
by
the
liberality
of
that
Emperor
,
according
to
Tacitus
;
which
Conflagration
is
also
mention'd
by
Seneca
,
in
one
of
his
Epistles
to
Lucilius
.
Afterwards
Severus
pillag'd
and
burnt
it
in
198
,
in
Revenge
,
because
the
Inhabitants
had
entertained
Albinus
his
Enemy
.
It
also
suffered
often
by
the
Incursions
of
the
Germans
,
Goths
and
Saracens
.
The
Emperor
Claudius
was
Born
in
this
City
;
and
the
Emperor
Gratian
slain
in
it
by
Andragathus
,
A.
D.
383.
And
two
General
Councils
were
Assembled
here
in
the
Years
1245
and
1274.
Lyons
is
distant
120
miles
from
Paris
to
the
S.
E.
160
from
the
Banks
of
the
Mediterranean
Sea
to
the
N.
250
from
Bourdeaux
to
the
E.
70
from
Geneva
to
the
S.
W.
110
from
Nevers
to
the
S.
E.
105
from
Dijon
to
the
S.
and
40
from
the
Frontiers
of
Savoy
to
the
W.
FORETZ
,
Forensis
Provincia
,
is
usually
divided
into
two
Parts
,
viz.
the
Upper
and
Lower
,
bounded
on
the
E.
by
Lyonnois
and
Beaujolois
,
on
the
N.
by
Burgundy
and
Bourbonnois
,
on
the
S.
by
Valley
and
Vivarets
,
and
on
the
W.
by
the
Mountains
of
Auvergne
,
comprehending
these
principal
Towns
,
viz.
-
Montbrison
,
Cap.
-
St.
Etienne
.
-
Rouanne
.
-
Feurs
.
-
S.
Germain
Laval
.
-
S.
Garmier
,
&c.
MONTBRISON
,
Montbrisonium
,
&
Mont-Brusonis
,
is
situated
on
the
Rivulet
of
Vecize
,
at
the
distance
of
6
miles
from
the
River
Loire
,
and
30
from
Lyons
to
the
W.
30
from
the
Borders
of
Bourgogne
to
the
S.
and
20
from
the
Borders
of
Velay
.
It
was
at
first
only
a
Castle
,
but
encreased
to
a
Town
and
enclosed
with
Walls
,
A.
D.
1428.
It
is
adorn'd
with
a
Collegiate
Church
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
divers
Monasteries
,
a
Court
of
Election
and
a
Provostship
.
St.
Etienne
,
or
St.
Steven
de
Furens
,
Furnanium
aut
Fanum
Sancti
Stephani
,
is
seated
on
the
foot
of
a
Hill
,
on
the
Banks
of
the
Brook
Furens
,
about
two
Leagues
from
the
River
Loire
to
the
E.
and
20
from
Montbrifon
to
the
S.
E.
The
adjacent
Country
affords
good
store
of
Pit-coal
,
and
the
Waters
of
the
Brook
Furens
are
very
proper
for
the
tempering
of
Iron
and
Steel
,
which
advantage
hath
induced
the
Inhabitants
to
make
vast
quantities
of
small
Iron-ware
,
maintaining
a
very
great
Trade
in
these
sorts
of
Merchandizes
,
which
are
transported
by
them
almost
into
all
the
Countries
of
Europe
.
The
Town
of
St.
Stephen
suffer'd
much
damage
during
the
Civil
Wars
,
and
was
twice
taken
by
the
Protestant
Party
,
viz.
In
1563
,
and
1570.
Roanne
,
or
Rouanne
,
Rhodumna
,
is
a
large
Town
,
but
destitute
of
Walls
,
and
Founded
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Loire
,
where
it
begins
to
be
capable
of
admitting
small
Boats
at
the
distance
of
20
miles
from
Montbrison
to
the
S.
The
adjacent
Country
is
call'd
from
thence
Roannois
,
and
was
erected
into
a
Dutchy
by
King
Charles
IX
.
The
Town
it self
being
beautified
with
a
fair
College
of
Jesuits
,
and
divers
other
Monasteries
.
Feuers
,
Forum
Segusianorum
,
the
chief
Town
of
the
Upper
Forets
,
from
whence
the
whole
Country
takes
its
name
,
stands
on
the
East-side
of
the
Loire
,
near
its
Confluence
with
the
Lignon
,
25
miles
from
St.
Stephen
to
the
S.
as
many
from
Roan
to
the
North
,
and
20
from
Lyon
to
the
W.
BAUJLOIS
,
Baujoviensis
,
Bellojoviensis
,
aut
Bellojocensis
Tractus
,
is
extended
from
E.
to
W.
from
beyond
the
River
Sone
to
the
Loire
,
having
Lyonnois
on
the
S.
the
Principality
of
Dombes
,
and
part
of
Masconois
on
the
E.
Charolois
on
the
N.
and
Forets
on
the
W.
This
Country
affords
abundance
of
Corn
,
Wine
and
Flax
,
and
hath
these
considerable
Towns
,
viz.
-
Beaujeu
,
-
Ville
Franche
,
Cap.
-
Belle-Ville
,
&c.
BEAUJEU
,
Bajovium
,
Ballojovium
and
Bellijocum
,
is
a
small
Town
,
together
with
a
Castle
,
on
the
Rivulet
Ardiere
,
which
hath
imparted
its
name
to
the
Territory
of
Beaujolois
,
and
the
Lords
of
the
ancient
and
Illustrious
Family
of
Beaujeu
;
being
distant
25
miles
from
Lyon
to
the
N.
and
5
or
6
from
the
River
Sone
.
Over
the
Gate
of
the
principal
Church
of
this
Burgh
is
to
be
seen
a
very
old
piece
of
Workmanship
in
Basso-Relievo
,
representing
a
Roman
Sacrifice
of
a
Hog
,
a
Sheep
and
an
Ox.
VILLE-FRANCHE
,
Francopolis
aut
Villa
Franca
,
is
water'd
by
the
Brook
Morgon
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Sone
,
and
stands
upon
the
Road
in
the
Mid-way
between
Lyons
and
Beaujeu
,
20
miles
from
Mascon
to
the
S.
It
is
at
present
the
chief
Town
of
Beaujolois
,
and
remarkable
for
its
Collegiate
Church
,
Academy
,
Court
of
Election
,
Bailliage
,
and
Granary
of
Salt
.
BOURBONNOIS
,
Borbonensis
Provincia
,
is
divided
into
the
Upper
and
Lower
,
and
bounded
on
the
E.
by
the
River
Loire
,
which
separates
it
from
the
Dutchy
of
Burgundy
,
on
the
W.
by
Berry
,
on
the
S.
by
Auvergne
and
Forets
,
and
on
the
N.
by
Nivernois
,
and
part
of
Berry
.
It
is
extended
from
W.
to
E.
for
the
space
of
about
70
miles
,
and
45
from
S.
to
N.
The
ancient
Inhabitants
of
Bourbonnois
,
who
were
a
part
of
the
Boii
,
sent
many
Colonies
into
Germany
and
Italy
,
under
Ambigatul
Prince
of
the
Bituriges
,
and
often
maintain'd
furious
Wars
against
the
Romans
.
This
Province
hath
also
acquir'd
Reputation
by
its
Lords
,
Barons
,
Counts
and
Dukes
,
from
whom
the
present
King
of
France
is
Descended
.
The
most
remarkable
Towns
of
Bourbonnois
are
these
,
viz.
-
Moulins
,
Cap.
-
Bourbon
l'
Archambaut
,
-
Souvigny
,
-
S.
Amand
,
-
Monlusson
,
-
Varennes
,
-
Vichy
,
-
S.
Geran
.
-
Gannet
.
MOULINS
,
Mouline
,
is
seated
near
the
River
Allier
,
in
a
large
fruitful
Plain
,
at
the
distance
of
140
miles
from
Paris
,
and
20
from
Nevers
to
the
S.
about
50
from
Clermont
to
the
N.
and
70
from
Challon
to
the
W.
It
is
a
Town
of
very
large
extent
,
and
was
formerly
the
usual
place
of
Residence
of
the
Princes
of
Bourbon
,
who
built
the
Castle
,
which
hath
often
been
the
Royal
Seat
of
the
French
Kings
.
This
Town
is
also
famous
on
the
account
of
the
singular
Vertue
of
the
Medicinal
Waters
,
and
the
Inhabitants
for
their
skill
in
making
divers
sorts
of
Knives
,
&c.
Moulins
is
usually
divided
into
4
Quarters
,
viz.
The
Old
Town
,
the
New
,
the
Suburbs
of
the
Carmelites
,
and
those
of
the
Allier
.
The
most
remarkable
Buildings
are
the
Collegiate
Church
and
two
Parochial
ones
,
besides
those
of
the
Suburbs
,
together
with
divers
Monasteries
,
a
Generality
and
Presidial
Courts
,
and
another
of
Election
,
and
a
College
of
Jesuits
.
Among
the
Religious
Houses
,
the
chief
is
that
of
the
Carthusians
,
and
the
Church
belonging
to
the
Nuns
of
the
Visitation
,
wherein
stands
the
Sumptuous
Tomb
of
Henry
II
.
Duke
of
Montmorency
,
Marshal
of
France
,
&c.
Bourbon
l'
Archambaud
,
Borbonium
Archimbeldi
,
and
Boia
,
is
a
small
Town
,
which
nevertheless
hath
given
name
to
the
whole
Province
of
Bourbonnois
,
and
is
distant
about
12
miles
from
Moulins
.
AUVERGNE
,
Aluernia
,
bearing
the
Title
of
a
County
,
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
Forets
,
on
the
West
by
the
Upper
Limousin
,
Quercy
and
Marche
,
on
the
North
by
Bourbonnois
,
and
on
the
South
by
Cevennes
and
Rouergue
;
its
utmost
extent
from
South
to
N.
consisting
of
about
80
miles
,
and
60
from
W.
to
E.
It
is
divided
into
the
Upper
and
Lower
Countries
,
the
former
to
the
S.
being
very
Mountainous
,
among
which
one
called
the
Mount
of
Cantal
,
is
exceeding
high
,
and
the
other
to
the
N.
extreamly
Fruitful
,
especially
in
the
Quarter
of
Limagne
.
This
Province
was
formerly
subject
to
its
own
Counts
,
but
united
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
A.
D.
1204
,
by
King
Philip
the
August
,
to
suppress
the
Rebellion
of
the
last
Count
named
Guy
.
The
principal
Towns
are
enumerated
in
the
following
Table
.
In
the
Lower
,
-
Clermont
,
B.C.
-
Rion
,
-
Thiers
,
-
Issoire
,
-
Montferand
,
-
Brioude
,
&c.
In
the
Upper
,
-
St.
Flour
,
-
Auarillac
,
-
Morat
,
Viscounty
,
&c.
CLERMONT
,
Claromons
,
Clarus-Mons
,
Claromontium
,
and
formerly
Arvernum
,
Arverna
,
and
Augustonemetum
,
and
by
some
affirm'd
to
be
the
ancient
Gergovia
;
is
a
large
well-built
City
,
with
the
Title
of
a
County
,
and
the
Metropolis
of
the
whole
Province
,
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Bourges
;
also
the
Seat
of
a
Court
of
Aides
and
a
Presidial
.
It
is
situate
upon
a
little
Hill
near
the
Mountain
call'd
the
Puy
de
Domme
,
and
is
Water'd
by
the
Rivulet
Tiretaine
,
which
riseth
in
the
Mountain
,
and
falls
into
the
Allier
;
and
is
distant
50
miles
from
Bourbon
l'
Archambaud
to
the
South
,
and
75
from
Lyons
to
the
West
.
Riom
,
Ricomagum
&
Riomum
,
is
seated
on
a
rising
ground
about
7
or
8
miles
from
Clermont
to
the
N.
and
is
a
fair
well-built
Town
,
the
Churches
being
magnificent
,
the
Houses
beautiful
and
the
Monasteries
fair
,
and
adorn'd
with
Fountains
and
pleasant
Walks
,
insomuch
that
this
Town
is
term'd
,
The
Garden
of
Limagne
.
It
is
the
Capital
of
the
Dutchy
of
Auvergne
,
on
which
depend
all
the
Fiefs
and
mean
Fiefs
of
the
Province
,
having
been
erected
in
favour
of
John
Duke
of
Berry
,
the
Son
of
King
John
,
A.
D.
1360.
Thiers
or
Thiern
,
Thigernum
&
Thiernum
,
is
a
small
Town
,
built
on
a
Hill
near
the
Brook
Durolle
,
in
the
Frontiers
of
the
Province
of
Forets
,
20
miles
from
Clermont
to
the
East
,
toward
Lyon
.
The
Inhabitants
maintain
a
considerable
Traffick
in
Knives
,
Sizzers
,
and
other
small
Wares
of
the
like
Nature
.
The
other
Towns
are
less
considerable
.
MARCHE
,
Marchia
,
the
most
Western
Country
of
the
Government
of
Lyonnois
,
is
so
call'd
,
as
being
a
Passage
or
thorow-fare
into
the
neighbouring
Provinces
.
It
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Berry
,
on
the
South
by
Limousin
,
on
the
East
by
Auvergne
,
and
on
the
West
by
Poictou
.
It
is
divided
into
two
parts
,
viz.
the
Upper
,
having
Gueret
for
its
chief
Town
,
and
depending
on
the
Generality
of
Moulins
:
And
the
Lower
,
which
hath
Dorat
,
and
resorts
to
the
Generality
of
Limoges
.
The
Lords
of
Luzignen
were
formerly
Counts
of
Marche
and
Angouleme
;
but
these
two
Counties
were
annexed
to
the
Crown
of
France
by
King
Philip
the
Fair
;
afterward
it
served
as
an
Inheritance
to
the
younger
Sons
of
the
Royal
Family
,
and
at
length
,
after
many
Revolutions
,
was
reunited
to
the
Crown
,
in
1531.
The
principal
Towns
of
this
large
Province
are
these
.
In
the
Upper-Marche
,
-
Gueret
,
Cap.
-
Felevin
,
-
Jarnege
,
-
Ambusson
,
-
Dunaisse
,
-
Genovillac
,
-
Grammont
,
Ab.
In
the
Lower
,
-
Dorat
,
Cap.
-
Belac
,
-
Maignac
,
-
S.
Junieu
,
-
Consoulans
,
-
L●ssac
,
&c.
GUERET
,
Gueretum
,
Garactum
&
Varactum
,
is
the
Capital
Town
of
the
Province
of
Marche
,
situated
near
the
Spring-head
of
the
River
Gartemp
,
hath
a
Seneschalcy
and
a
Presidial
,
and
is
distant
about
50
miles
from
Clermont
to
the
West
,
40
from
Limoges
to
the
East
,
and
65
from
Bourges
to
the
South
.
Aubusson
stands
on
the
Frontiers
of
Auvergne
,
20
miles
from
Gueret
to
the
South-East
.
It
is
a
very
populous
Town
,
and
remarkable
for
its
Manufacture
of
Tapistry
.
The
large
Towers
of
an
old
demolish'd
Castle
sufficiently
shew
the
Grandeur
of
the
former
Lords
of
this
Place
,
of
whom
was
descended
Peter
d'
Aubusson
,
the
famous
Grand
Master
of
Rhodes
.
Dorat
,
Oratorium
,
a
small
Town
,
nevertheless
the
Chief
of
the
Lower
Marche
,
stands
on
the
small
River
Seve
,
which
falls
into
the
Garempe
,
and
is
distant
about
40
miles
from
Gueret
to
the
West
,
not
above
5
or
6
from
the
Frontiers
of
Poictou
,
and
25
from
Limoges
to
the
North
.
Belac
,
Belacum
is
seated
on
the
Brook
Vincon
in
the
Lower
Marche
,
about
two
Leagues
from
Dorat
,
and
hath
a
Court
of
Election
under
the
Generality
of
Limoges
,
&c.
The
rest
of
the
Towns
are
not
considerable
enough
to
deserve
a
particular
Description
.
The
Lionnois
,
Foretz
and
Beanjolois
hath
a
Governnour
General
,
who
is
at
present
the
Duke
de
Villeroy
,
a
Lieutenant
General
,
a
Baily
and
Seneschal
of
Lyons
,
a
Baily
of
S.
Stephen
in
Foretz
,
and
another
of
Beaujolois
.
The
Bourbonnois
hath
a
Governour
General
and
a
Lieutenant
General
.
Auvergne
hath
also
a
Governour
General
,
two
Lieutenants
General
,
and
two
Seneschals
of
Rion
and
Clermont
;
and
Marche
hath
another
Governour
,
a
Lietenant
and
two
Seneschals
of
Gueret
and
Dorat
.
CHAP.
X.
GUIENNE
,
Aquitania
aut
Aremorica
.
THE
Government
of
GUIENNE
,
which
is
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
was
heretofore
call'd
the
Kingdom
of
Aquitaine
,
ab
Aquis
;
that
is
to
say
,
from
the
great
number
of
Springs
of
hot
Water
found
therein
,
and
was
then
of
larger
extent
than
at
present
:
That
part
of
it
which
lies
on
the
North
side
of
the
Garonne
is
termed
Guienne
,
and
the
other
on
the
farther
side
of
the
same
River
to
the
South
,
bears
the
Name
of
Gascony
.
The
whole
Country
in
general
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Poitou
,
Angoumois
and
Marche
;
on
the
East
by
Auvergne
and
Languedoc
,
on
the
South
by
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
that
separate
it
from
Spain
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Ocean
;
lying
between
the
42d
Degree
25
Minutes
,
and
46th
Degree
of
Latitude
;
as
also
between
the
14th
Degree
20
Minutes
,
and
the
20th
Degree
and
50
Minutes
of
Longitude
:
Which
extent
comprehends
the
space
of
230
English
miles
from
South
to
North
;
that
is
to
say
,
from
Vic
de
Sos
on
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
to
that
of
S.
Jean
de
Angely
on
the
Borders
of
Poitou
,
and
about
250
miles
from
West
to
East
,
viz.
from
S.
Jean
de
Luz
,
beyond
Bayonne
as
far
as
beyond
S.
Genier
in
Rovergne
,
near
Gevaudan
.
The
Air
is
gentle
and
every
where
very
healthful
,
and
the
Soil
fertile
in
Corn
,
Grapes
and
other
Fruits
,
excepting
in
the
Sandy
Grounds
on
the
Sea-coasts
and
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
where
there
are
only
Heaths
and
some
Pastures
.
This
Province
is
water'd
with
a
great
many
considerable
Rivers
.
viz.
the
Garonne
or
Gironde
,
the
Lot
,
the
Dardogne
,
the
Adour
,
the
Charente
,
&c.
But
the
Garonne
more
especially
facilitates
the
Traffick
of
the
Inhabitants
,
which
consists
in
Corn
,
Wine
,
Oil
,
Prunes
,
Wool
,
&c.
Aquitain
,
in
the
Roman
Division
of
Gaul
,
by
Augustus
,
was
divided
into
the
Prima
and
Secunda
,
and
compriz'd
all
the
Country
between
the
Loire
and
the
Pyrenees
:
Which
was
by
Valentinian
III
.
given
to
the
Goths
,
as
we
have
elsewhere
already
said
:
These
were
in
time
conquer'd
by
the
French
,
and
Aquitain
made
a
part
of
their
Kingdom
,
till
Lewis
the
Godly
made
it
a
distinct
one
,
and
gave
it
to
his
Son
Pepin
;
but
Charles
the
Bald
dispossess'd
the
Sons
of
Pepin
,
and
bestow'd
it
on
Arnulph
of
Burgundy
,
A.
844.
whose
Nephew
,
William
Earl
of
Auvergne
,
that
succeeded
him
,
bequeathed
his
Estates
to
Ebles
III
.
Earl
of
Poictou
,
from
whom
descended
Eleanor
Wife
of
our
King
Henry
II
.
in
whose
Right
he
succeeded
in
the
Dutchy
of
Aquitain
,
and
his
Sons
Richard
and
John
successively
enjoy'd
it
after
him
;
but
in
the
time
of
the
latter
it
was
seiz'd
by
the
French
King
Lewis
VIII
.
A.
1202.
which
causing
great
Wars
between
the
two
Nations
,
it
was
at
length
agreed
between
Henry
III
.
King
of
England
,
and
Lewis
IX
.
King
of
France
,
That
the
English
should
quietly
possess
Guienne
,
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
River
Charante
,
and
on
the
South
by
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
and
quit
Normandy
,
Anjou
,
Touraine
and
Maine
,
which
they
before
possessed
.
And
from
this
Time
our
Kings
were
styled
only
Dukes
of
Guienne
;
which
Dignity
and
Country
they
enjoyed
till
the
time
of
Henry
VI
.
in
whose
unfortunate
Reign
the
English
lost
all
their
Possessions
in
France
;
Since
when
all
Aquitain
hath
been
part
of
the
Kingdom
of
France
.
Guienne
and
Gascoigne
at
present
divided
into
19
Provinces
,
viz.
-
Guienne
in
8.
-
Guienne
,
Proper
.
-
Bourdeaux
,
Arch.
C
-
Bazadois
.
-
Bazes
,
Bish
.
-
Agenois
.
-
Agen
,
Bish
.
-
Quercy
.
-
Cahors
,
Bish
.
-
Rovergue
.
-
Rhodes
,
Bish
.
-
Limousin
.
-
Limoges
,
Bish
.
-
Perigord
.
-
Perigueux
,
Bish
.
-
Saintoigne
.
-
Saintes
.
-
Gascony
in
11.
-
Armagnac
.
-
Auch
,
Archb.
Cap.
-
Gascoigne
or
Chalesse
.
-
Aire
,
Bish
.
-
Condomois
.
-
Condom
,
Bish
.
-
Sandy
Grounds
.
-
d'
Acqs
,
Bish
.
-
Territories
of
Labord
.
-
Bayonne
,
Bish
.
-
Lower
Navarre
.
-
S.
Palais
.
-
Vicounty
of
Soul
.
-
Maulcon
.
-
Bearn
.
-
Pau
.
-
Bigorre
.
-
Torbe
,
Bish
.
-
Comminge
.
-
S.
Bertrand
.
-
Conserans
.
-
S.
Lizier
,
Bish
.
GUIENNE
properly
so
call'd
,
or
BOURDELOIS
,
Burdigalensis
Ager
,
is
bounded
on
the
West
by
the
Ocean
,
on
the
South
by
Gascony
and
Bazadois
,
on
the
East
by
Agenois
,
and
on
the
North
by
Saintonge
.
This
Country
is
fruitful
in
Grapes
,
whereof
excellent
Wine
is
made
and
Transported
from
Bourdeaux
into
Foreign
Parts
.
The
Towns
of
chief
Note
are
these
,
viz.
-
Bourdeaux
,
Archbish
.
Cap.
-
Libourne
.
-
Blaye
.
-
Losparre
.
-
Cadillac
,
&c.
BOURDEAUX
,
Burdigala
,
is
situated
in
a
very
fertile
and
well-manur'd
Country
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Garonne
,
at
the
distance
of
about
40
miles
from
the
Coasts
of
the
Ocean
to
the
East
,
60
from
Saintes
to
the
South
,
110
from
Limoges
to
the
South-west
,
and
as
many
from
Thoulouse
to
the
North-west
.
It
is
the
Metropolis
of
the
whole
Government
of
Guienne
,
and
indeed
one
of
the
most
ancient
and
fairest
Cities
of
France
,
and
a
place
of
great
Traffick
:
being
resorted
to
by
Merchants
from
divers
parts
of
Europe
.
Its
Haven
is
very
capacious
and
Safe
,
and
is
call'd
le
Port
de
la
Lune
,
or
the
Port
of
the
Moon
,
from
its
form
,
being
like
a
Crescent
;
into
which
the
Tide
flows
very
high
,
and
brings
Ships
of
great
Burthen
up
to
the
Key
.
The
City
it
sel●
in
form
resembles
a
Bow
,
(
whereof
the
River
Garonne
is
the
Spring
)
and
is
well
built
,
the
Palace
,
Town
house
,
Fair
Markets
,
Publick
Fountains
,
the
Key
and
the
Cathedral
dedicated
to
S.
Andrew
are
well
worth
a
Stranger's
View
;
as
also
the
Castle
,
lately
well
Fortified
,
and
call'd
le
Chateau
Trompetts
.
About
18
miles
below
the
City
stands
a
stately
Watch-Tower
,
call'd
la
Tour
Cordouan
,
built
by
Lewis
de
Foix
,
a
famous
Ingineer
.
This
City
is
the
See
of
an
Archbishop
,
the
Seat
of
a
Parliament
,
a
Court
of
Aides
,
Generality
,
Senalchalcy
,
an
Exchange
and
a
Mint
.
Also
a
most
flourishing
Uniuersity
,
which
King
Charles
VII
,
restor'd
to
its
former
Lustre
,
and
Pope
Eugenius
IV
.
granted
great
Privileges
to
,
which
were
augmented
by
Lewis
XI
.
Richard
II
.
King
of
England
was
born
here
,
A.
D
,
1367.
Libourne
,
Liburnia
,
is
a
small
Town
,
built
near
the
Confluence
of
the
River
Dordogne
and
I
le
,
almost
over-against
Fronsac
,
about
20
miles
from
Bourdeaux
to
the
East
,
toward
Perigueux
.
Blaye
,
Blavia
,
Blavium
or
Blavutum
,
stands
on
the
Frontiers
of
the
Province
of
Saintonge
,
on
the
North
side
of
the
Haven
of
Bourdeaux
,
where
the
Gironne
intermixeth
it
Waters
with
those
of
the
Dardogne
,
and
changeth
its
own
name
into
that
of
Gironde
,
10
Leagues
from
the
mouth
of
the
same
River
Gironde
,
20
miles
from
Bourdeaux
to
the
North
,
and
30
from
Saintes
.
All
Vessels
that
pass
up
to
Bourdeaux
are
obliged
to
leave
their
Guns
in
this
Town
.
The
adjacent
Territory
is
call'd
le
Blaiguez
,
BAZADOIS
,
Vazatensis
Ager
,
lies
between
Guienne
proper
on
the
North
and
West
,
the
Landes
or
Sandy
Grounds
on
the
South
,
and
Agenois
on
the
East
.
It
is
a
Country
very
fertile
in
Corn
,
Wine
and
Fruits
,
and
comprehends
these
chief
Towns
,
viz.
-
Bazas
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
La
Reole
.
-
Gastelgtloux
.
-
Nerac
.
-
Mont
de
Marson
,
&c.
BAZAS
,
Vasatum
&
Vazatium
,
olim
Cossium
aut
Cossio
,
is
a
small
City
,
seated
in
a
Woody
and
Sandy
Country
,
on
a
kind
of
Rock
,
the
foot
of
which
is
wash'd
by
the
Brook
of
Lavasane
,
about
10
miles
from
the
Garonne
to
the
South
,
30
from
Bourdeaux
to
the
South-east
,
and
35
from
Condon
to
the
North
west
.
It
is
an
Episcopal
See
,
depending
on
the
Metropolitan
of
Auch
,
and
the
Cathedral
Church
is
dedicated
to
S.
John
the
Baptist
.
AGENOIS
,
Aginensis
Ager
,
borders
on
Armagnas
to
the
South
,
Quercy
to
the
East
,
Perigord
to
the
North
,
and
Bazadois
to
the
West
.
It
is
the
most
fruitful
Country
of
all
Guienne
,
and
furnishes
several
Provinces
with
Corn
,
Wine
and
Oil
;
in
it
are
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Agen
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Ville
Neuve
.
-
Aiguillen
.
-
S.
Foye
,
&c.
AGEN
,
Aginum
,
Agenum
aut
Aginum
,
was
heretofore
the
Capital
City
of
the
Nitiobriges
,
who
were
its
Founders
.
It
is
a
very
large
and
populous
City
,
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Bourdeaux
;
and
hath
a
Seneschalcy
and
a
Presidial
:
And
is
situated
near
the
River
Garonne
,
where
it
receives
the
Gers
,
60
miles
from
Bourdeaux
to
the
South-east
,
50
from
Thoulouse
to
the
North-west
,
and
40
from
Bazas
to
the
East
.
This
City
had
the
Honour
to
be
the
Birth-place
of
that
Prodigy
of
Learning
,
Joseph
Scaliger
.
QUERCY
Cadurcensis
Tractus
,
is
bounded
on
the
South
by
Languedoc
,
on
the
East
by
Rouergue
and
Auvergne
,
on
the
North
by
Limousin
,
and
on
the
West
by
Perigord
and
Agenois
.
Its
utmost
extent
,
from
South
to
North
,
consists
of
about
90
miles
,
and
50
from
West
to
East
.
It
is
divided
into
the
Upper
and
Lower
;
the
former
call'd
Causse
,
are
the
Valleys
on
the
side
of
the
River
Lot
.
And
the
Lower
or
low
Towns
lye
round
about
that
of
Aveirou
.
This
Province
was
united
to
the
Crown
of
France
in
the
beginning
of
the
Reign
of
Philip
the
Hardy
,
A.
1306.
and
contains
the
ensuing
considerable
Towns
,
viz.
-
Cahors
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Gourdon
.
-
Moissac
.
-
Frigeac
.
-
Montaubon
.
-
Lauserte
.
-
Souillac
.
-
Cadenac
,
&c.
CAHORS
,
Cadurcum
,
olim
Divina
Caducorum
is
built
on
a
steep
Rock
,
on
which
formerly
stood
a
Citadel
,
and
encompass'd
in
form
of
a
Penisle
by
the
River
Lot
,
over
which
it
hath
three
Stone
Bridges
;
and
is
distant
40
miles
from
Agen
to
the
East
,
30
from
Limoges
to
the
South
,
and
60
from
Thoulouse
to
the
North
.
It
is
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
Suffragan
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Alby
,
a
Seneschalcy
and
Election
.
The
Inhabitants
make
diverse
Manufactures
,
with
which
they
maintain
a
reasonable
good
Commerce
,
by
means
of
the
River
.
The
Cathedral
bears
the
Name
of
S.
Stephen
.
and
was
consecrated
by
S.
Martial
.
Here
are
also
many
other
Churches
and
Monasteries
,
together
with
a
Colledge
,
erected
A.
D.
1605.
Montauban
,
Mons
Albanus
,
is
a
good
City
,
well
built
,
all
of
Brick
,
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
and
the
Seat
of
an
Election
,
30
miles
from
Cahors
to
the
South
,
on
the
Road
to
Thoulouse
:
It
is
divided
into
the
Old
and
New
City
,
and
hath
a
Suburb
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
,
which
is
joyned
to
the
Town
by
a
fair
Stone-Bridge
,
rebuilt
in
the
Year
1667.
by
the
care
of
M.
Colbert
,
as
appears
by
the
Inscription
upon
it
.
Figeao
,
Figeacum
,
is
a
small
City
,
and
hath
also
an
Election
.
It
is
situate
on
the
River
Sale
,
30
miles
from
Cohors
to
the
East
,
and
near
the
borders
of
Auvergne
.
ROUERGUE
,
Rutenensis
Provincia
,
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
Cevennes
,
on
the
North
by
Auvergne
,
on
the
West
by
Quercy
,
and
on
the
South
by
Languedoc
,
being
divided
into
three
Parts
,
viz.
the
County
,
and
the
Upper
and
Lower
Marche
.
It
is
extended
from
South
to
North
for
the
space
of
80
miles
,
and
about
the
same
from
West
to
East
.
Its
principal
Cities
and
Towns
are
,
-
Rhodes
,
Bishop
,
Cap.
-
Vetres
,
Bish
.
-
Milhau
.
-
Ville
Franche
.
-
S.
Antonin
.
-
S.
Just
,
&c.
RHODEZ
or
RODES
,
Ruteni
,
Rutena
&
Segodunum
Rutenorum
,
is
situated
near
the
River
Averiou
,
at
the
distance
of
55
Miles
from
Cahors
,
40
from
Ally
to
the
North
,
50
from
S.
Fl●ur
to
the
South
,
and
about
as
many
from
the
Mountains
of
Cevennes
.
It
is
a
very
ancient
large
and
well
fortified
City
,
with
the
Title
of
a
County
,
Senaschalcy
,
and
an
Episcopal
See
,
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Bourges
.
The
Cathedral
is
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
.
There
are
also
many
other
Churches
and
Monasteries
,
besides
a
stately
College
of
Jesuits
.
This
City
was
some
time
subject
to
its
own
Counts
,
who
kept
their
Court
in
that
part
nam'd
the
Burgh
,
whilst
the
Bishops
possessed
the
other
under
the
name
of
the
City
.
Afterwards
it
escheated
to
the
House
of
Armagnac
,
and
at
length
was
annexed
to
the
Demeans
of
the
Crown
by
King
Henry
IV
.
The
Adjacent
Country
abounds
in
Mines
of
Copper
,
Azure
and
Arsenic
:
And
not
far
from
hence
is
the
Mountains
of
Cansac
,
which
burns
when
it
Rains
;
as
also
a
Cavern
call'd
Tindoul
,
which
is
60
Paces
wide
and
200
deep
,
&c.
Vabres
,
Vabrae
,
is
a
small
City
,
water'd
with
the
Streams
of
the
Rivulet
Dourdan
,
at
the
Foot
of
the
Mountains
,
being
distant
about
15
Miles
from
the
Confines
of
Languedoc
,
and
25
Miles
from
Rhodez
to
the
South
.
It
was
heretofore
only
an
Abbey
of
Benedictin
Monks
in
the
Diocess
of
Rhodez
,
until
Pope
John
XXII
erected
it
into
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Bourges
,
A.
D.
1317.
Milnau
or
Millaud
,
Mil●ieldum
aut
Amilhanum
,
the
principal
Town
of
the
Upper
Marche
of
Rouergue
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
Tarn
near
the
Frontiers
of
Languedoc
,
20
Miles
from
Rhodez
to
the
South-East
.
It
was
formerly
a
strong
hold
,
but
its
Fortifications
were
dismantled
in
1629.
Ville
Franche
,
Villa
Franca
&
Francopolis
,
is
a
large
well
bu●●t
Town
on
the
River
Aveirou
,
and
the
chief
of
the
●ower
Marche
,
being
distant
20
Miles
from
Rhodez
to
the
West
,
and
as
many
from
Cahors
to
the
East
.
It
hath
a
Seneschalcy
and
a
Presidial
.
LIMOSIN
,
Lim●vicensis
Provincia
,
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
Auvergne
,
on
the
North
by
Marche
,
on
the
West
by
p●rt
of
Poitou
,
Angoumois
and
Perigord
,
and
on
the
South
by
Quercy
,
extending
it self
from
South-East
to
North-west
,
for
the
space
of
about
65
Miles
,
and
50
from
West
to
East
.
The
whole
Country
is
generally
cold
,
and
not
very
fruitful
,
scarcely
affording
any
good
Wine
;
however
here
grows
some
Wheat
,
much
Rice
,
Barley
and
Chesnuts
,
of
which
last
the
Inhabitants
often
make
Bread
.
The
Principal
Cities
and
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Limoges
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Tulle
,
Bishop
.
-
Brive
.
-
Turenne
.
-
Userche
,
&c.
LIMOGES
,
Lemovicum
,
seu
Augustoritum
Lemovicum
,
is
seated
partly
on
the
Top
of
a
Hill
and
partly
in
a
Valley
,
on
the
side
of
the
River
Vienne
,
at
the
distance
of
120
Miles
from
Orleans
to
the
South
,
60
from
Poictiers
to
the
South-East
,
90
from
Cahors
to
the
North
,
85
from
Clermont
to
the
West
,
and
110
from
Bourdeaux
to
the
North-East
.
It
is
a
City
of
large
extent
,
encompassed
with
strong
Walls
and
deep
Ditches
,
having
been
founded
(
as
some
Authors
avouch
)
by
a
certain
Gaulish
Prince
,
who
communicated
his
Name
to
it
:
Julius
Caesar
mentions
it
as
a
very
populous
Place
,
in
his
Time
;
and
it
is
at
present
dignified
with
the
See
of
a
Pr●late
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Bourges
.
The
Cathedral
bears
the
Name
of
S.
Stephen
and
S.
Martial
was
its
first
Bishop
.
There
are
also
three
considerable
Abbies
,
viz.
those
of
S.
Martial
,
S.
Augustin
,
and
S.
Martin
,
together
with
divers
other
Convents
for
Religious
Persons
of
both
Sexes
,
a
Presidial
Court
,
a
Generality
and
Seneschalcy
.
The
City
of
Limoges
was
formerly
subject
to
the
Dominion
of
its
own
hereditary
Vicounts
,
who
were
likewise
Lords
of
the
whole
Province
of
Limosin
;
but
it
hath
been
taken
at
several
times
by
the
Goths
,
French
and
English
,
the
Constable
de
Gueschin
dispossessed
the
latter
in
the
Year
1371.
but
Edward
the
Black
Prince
of
Wales
retook
it
soon
after
by
Storm
.
Tulle
,
Tutelas
,
aut
Tutella
,
is
water'd
by
the
Rivers
Corese
and
the
Soulane
,
about
37
Miles
from
Limoges
to
the
South
,
and
55
from
Cahors
to
the
North
.
It
was
at
first
only
a
Town
and
Abbey
of
Benedictine
Monks
of
S.
Martin
,
which
Pope
John
XXII
.
turned
into
a
Cathedral
,
A.
D.
1318.
Arnold
de
S.
Astier
having
been
its
last
Abbot
and
first
Bishop
.
These
Prelates
are
Viscounts
,
and
Lords
of
the
City
,
wherein
is
also
established
a
Presidial
Court
,
another
of
Election
,
&c.
PERIGORD
,
Petricoricensis
Provincia
,
lies
between
part
of
Quercy
and
Limosin
on
the
East
,
Angoumois
on
the
North
,
part
of
Xaintonge
and
Guienne
Proper
on
the
West
,
and
Agenois
,
together
with
Part
of
Quercy
on
the
South
:
Its
utmost
extent
,
from
South
to
North
consisting
of
about
55
miles
,
and
from
West
to
East
65
miles
.
This
Province
is
divided
into
the
Upper
and
Lower
Parts
,
the
former
whereof
,
called
the
White
,
by
reason
of
the
Mountains
that
are
extended
along
the
Banks
of
the
Dardogne
and
Verzere
:
And
the
other
,
on
the
River
Ille
,
is
term'd
the
Black
,
on
the
account
of
its
Woods
.
The
most
considerable
Cities
and
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Periguex
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Sarlat
,
Bish
.
-
Beaumont
,
-
Bergerac
,
-
Rochechalais
.
-
Montignac
,
&c.
PERIGUEUX
,
Petrocorium
,
olim
Petrocorii
&
Vesana
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
Upper
Perigord
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Ille
,
and
distant
65
miles
from
Bourdeaux
to
the
South
East
,
45
from
Tulle
to
the
West
,
and
40
from
Limoges
to
the
South
.
This
City
is
very
Ancient
,
and
hath
been
often
laid
waste
by
the
Inroads
of
the
barbarous
Nations
;
and
near
its
Walls
King
Pepin
,
sirnamed
the
Short
,
gained
a
signal
Victory
over
Gaiffer
Duke
of
Aquitaine
,
A.
C.
768.
Its
ancient
Grandeur
is
evident
from
the
Ruins
of
a
Temple
of
the
Goddess
Venus
,
and
of
an
Amphitheatre
,
together
with
divers
Inscriptions
,
and
other
magnificent
Monuments
of
venerable
Antiquity
,
that
are
found
here
.
It
is
a
See
of
a
Bishop
,
and
the
Seat
of
the
Seneschal
of
the
Province
.
SARLAT
,
Sarlatum
,
the
Capital
City
of
the
Lower
Perigord
,
is
situated
,
as
it
were
,
in
an
Island
,
between
the
Rivers
Dordagne
and
Vezere
,
near
the
Confines
of
Quercy
,
30
miles
from
Perigueux
to
the
South
East
,
and
as
many
from
Cahors
to
the
North
,
it
formerly
belonged
to
the
Diocess
of
Perigueux
,
but
is
now
it self
an
Episcopal
See
,
erected
out
of
an
Abby
by
Pope
John
XXII
.
in
the
Year
1317.
It
is
also
a
Place
of
considerable
Strength
,
and
sustain'd
two
Sieges
during
the
Civil
Wars
.
SAINTONGE
or
XAINTONGE
,
Santonia
,
hath
Angoumois
and
Perigord
on
the
East
,
the
Country
of
Aunis
and
Poictou
on
the
North
,
the
Ocean
on
the
West
,
and
Guienne
Proper
on
the
South
;
comprehending
from
West
to
East
the
Space
of
about
80
Miles
,
and
from
South
to
North
about
50
Miles
:
It
is
a
fruitful
Country
,
and
yields
Corn
,
Wine
,
Saffron
,
and
Salt
,
whereof
very
good
is
made
here
.
The
Towns
of
chiefest
note
in
this
Province
are
,
-
Saintes
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Pons
,
-
S.
Jean
d'
Angeli
,
-
Brouage
,
-
Barbasieux
,
-
Aubeterre
,
&c.
SAINTES
or
XAINTES
,
Santones
,
aut
Mediolanum
Santonum
,
is
situated
on
the
River
Charante
,
at
the
distance
of
60
Miles
from
Bourdeaux
to
the
North
,
30
from
Rochel
to
the
South
East
,
35
from
Angoulesme
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
large
City
,
but
not
every
where
well
built
.
It
is
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Bourdeaux
.
The
Cathedral
is
dedicated
to
S.
Peter
.
Here
are
yet
to
be
seen
divers
Aqueducts
,
an
Amphitheatre
,
a
Triumphal
Arch
over
the
Bridge
of
the
Charante
,
a
great
number
of
Inscriptions
,
and
other
Monuments
of
the
Ancient
Romans
.
S.
Jean
d'Angely
,
Fanum
Sancti
Joannis
Angeriaci
,
Angeriacum
aut
Engeriacum
,
is
a
fair
Town
on
the
River
Boutonne
,
about
5
or
six
Miles
from
the
Frontiers
of
Poitou
to
the
South
,
and
15
from
Saintes
to
the
North
.
It
was
some
time
Fortified
by
the
French
Protestants
,
but
when
Lewis
XIII
.
took
it
he
demolish'd
its
Fortifications
.
The
Provinces
of
GASCOIGNE
.
ARMAGNAC
,
Armeniacensis
Comitatus
,
is
a
County
in
Gascony
,
lying
between
Languedoc
to
the
East
,
Condomois
to
the
North
,
Gascoigne
and
Bigorre
to
the
West
,
and
Comminge
to
the
South
.
It
is
usually
divided
into
Upper
and
Lower
,
and
comprehends
the
ensuing
Principal
Towns
,
viz.
-
Auch
,
Archb.
Cap.
-
Leytoure
,
Bish
.
-
Vic
d'
Armagnac
,
-
Suse
,
-
Jegun
,
-
Naugaro
,
-
Mirande
,
-
Verdun
,
-
La
Bastide
.
AUCH
or
AUX
,
Auschii
,
Augusta
Ausciorum
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Gers
,
in
a
very
fruitful
Country
,
about
55
miles
from
Bazas
to
the
South
East
,
20
from
Condom
,
and
35
from
Agen
to
the
South
,
and
40
from
Tolouse
to
the
West
.
This
City
is
the
See
of
an
Archbishop
,
and
the
Cathedral
one
of
the
richest
and
most
magnificent
of
the
Kingdom
,
its
Chapter
consisting
of
15
Dignitaries
and
20
Canons
,
of
whom
five
being
Secular
,
are
the
Count
of
Armagnac
,
and
the
four
Barons
of
Montaut
,
Pardillan
,
Montesquion
,
and
I
le
.
Moreover
the
Archbishop
enjoys
half
the
Lordship
of
the
City
,
which
is
also
adorn'd
with
many
other
Churches
and
Monasteries
.
Mirande
,
Miranda
,
is
a
small
Town
,
and
only
considerable
because
it
is
the
Capital
of
a
County
,
call'd
Astarac
,
or
Estrac
,
which
takes
up
the
Southern
part
of
the
Province
of
Armagnac
.
The
Town
stands
on
the
River
Boise
,
at
the
distance
of
10
Miles
from
Auch
to
the
South
West
.
It
was
first
Founded
under
the
Reign
of
King
Philip
the
Fair
,
A.D.
1289.
CHALOSSE
,
Calossia
,
or
GASCONY
properly
so
called
is
extended
between
Armagnac
on
the
East
,
Bazadois
on
the
North
,
the
Landes
or
Sandy
Grounds
on
the
West
,
and
Bearn
on
the
South
.
This
Country
,
although
of
no
very
large
compass
is
subdivided
into
many
Territories
,
viz.
those
of
Turson
,
Marson
,
Gavardan
,
Nebousen
,
&c.
The
most
considerable
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Aire
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
S.
Sever
,
-
Gabaret
.
-
Meugr●n
.
-
Arsac
.
AIRE
,
Adura
,
Atura
,
Aturum
,
&
Aturus
olim
Vico-Julius
&
Atusatum
,
is
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Adour
,
45
miles
from
Auch
to
the
West
,
60
from
Bourdeaux
to
the
South
,
and
70
from
Bayonne
to
the
East
.
The
Kings
of
the
Visigoths
were
wont
to
keep
their
Courts
in
this
City
,
and
on
the
Bank
of
the
River
are
still
to
be
seen
the
Ruins
of
the
Palace
of
Alaric
:
Since
which
,
the
City
of
Aire
hath
been
often
ruin'd
by
the
Saracens
,
Normans
,
and
other
Nations
,
and
suffer'd
much
damage
during
the
late
Civil
Wars
of
France
.
It
is
an
Episcopal
See
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Auch
,
and
the
Civil
Government
depends
on
the
Courts
of
Judicature
of
Bazas
,
from
whence
Appeals
lie
to
the
Parliament
of
Bourdeaux
.
The
most
remarkable
publick
Buildings
are
,
the
Abbey
of
S.
Quiterne
,
and
the
Cathedral
of
the
Virgin
Mary
.
Two
Arch-deaconries
appertain
to
the
Chapter
,
and
the
whole
Diocess
is
divided
into
six
Arch-Priesthoods
.
S.
Sever
,
Fanum
S.
Severi
,
aut
Severopolis
,
is
a
considerable
Town
built
at
the
foot
of
the
Hills
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Adour
,
about
20
miles
below
Aire
.
CONDOMIS
,
Condomensis
Ager
,
is
a
small
Territory
lying
between
Armagnac
and
Agenois
on
the
East
,
Bezadois
on
the
North
,
the
sandy
Grounds
and
Chalosse
on
the
West
,
and
Armagnac
on
the
South
:
Its
chief
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Condom
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Caumont
.
-
Mont-Real
.
-
Mont
de
Marsan
.
-
Demazen
,
&c.
CONDOM
,
Condomum
&
Condomus
,
is
situated
on
the
River
Blaise
,
and
distant
40
miles
from
Aire
to
the
East
,
20
from
Auch
to
the
North
,
40
from
Bazas
to
the
South
East
,
and
15
from
Agen
to
the
South
.
It
is
but
a
small
City
,
however
an
Episcopal
See
,
erected
in
the
year
,
1327.
by
Pope
John
XII
.
who
gave
to
it
the
Revenue
of
an
Abbey
of
the
Benedictine
Order
,
which
is
now
the
Cathedral
Church
.
Reimond
Goulard
,
the
last
Abbot
of
this
Abbey
,
was
the
first
Bishop
of
Condom
,
and
the
Canons
seculariz'd
in
1549.
Here
are
also
many
other
Churches
and
Monasteries
.
This
City
was
taken
by
Sebriel
de
Montmorency
,
chief
of
the
Protestant
Party
,
A.
D.
1569.
Mont
de
Marsan
,
Mons
Martiani
,
stands
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Midou
,
46
miles
from
Condom
to
the
West
,
and
15
from
Aire
to
the
North
toward
Bourdeaux
.
It
is
the
chief
Town
of
a
Territory
of
the
same
name
,
and
was
built
by
Peter
Count
of
Bigomme
,
A.D.
1141.
The
LANDES
or
LANNES
,
Landaearum
Tractus
aut
Landae
Burdiagalensis
,
is
a
sandy
and
barren
Country
,
extended
between
Labour
on
the
South
,
Marsan
on
the
East
,
Guienne
on
the
North
,
and
the
Ocean
on
the
West
,
being
divided
into
the
Greater
Landes
between
Bourdeaux
and
Bayonne
,
and
the
Lesser
between
Bazes
and
Mont-Marsan
;
its
principal
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Dax
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Tartas
.
-
Albret
,
&c.
DAX
or
D'ACQS
,
Aquae
Agustae
aut
Tarbellicae
,
is
situated
on
the
Adour
40
miles
below
Aire
,
and
25
above
Bayonne
,
about
60
miles
South
from
Bourdeaux
.
It
is
a
fair
well-built
City
,
and
drives
a
good
Trade
by
means
of
the
River
,
(
which
falls
into
the
Ocean
but
30
miles
below
it
)
and
its
neighbourhood
to
Spain
.
It
hath
a
Castle
for
its
defence
,
which
is
flank'd
with
many
large
round
Towers
,
wherein
a
sufficient
Garison
is
maintained
.
It
is
also
famous
for
its
Baths
of
hot
Water
,
that
were
much
esteemed
even
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
.
On
which
account
it
acquir'd
the
name
of
Aquae
,
from
whence
also
proceeded
that
of
the
whole
Province
of
Aquitaine
.
This
City
is
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Auch
;
and
a
Seneschalcy
.
Tartas
is
a
neat
Town
on
the
River
Medoure
,
about
15
miles
from
Dax
to
the
East
.
Albrot
,
Lebretum
seu
Lebreti
Vicus
&
Abbretum
,
is
built
in
the
midst
of
a
Forest
of
the
same
name
,
40
miles
from
Dax
to
the
North
East
,
30
from
Bourdeaux
to
the
South
,
and
25
from
Bazas
to
the
West
.
The
Town
and
adjacent
Country
which
it
gives
name
to
,
was
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Duchy
by
Henry
II
,
King
of
France
.
From
the
noble
Family
of
Albert
were
descended
two
Kings
of
Navarre
.
The
Country
of
LABOURD
or
BASQUE
,
borders
on
the
Frontiers
of
Spain
,
being
bounded
on
the
East
by
Bearne
,
on
the
North
by
the
Landes
,
on
the
West
by
the
Ocean
,
and
on
the
South
by
the
Perenean
Mountains
.
The
places
of
chief
Note
are
,
-
Bayonne
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
S.
Jean
de
Luz
.
-
Bidache
,
&c.
Bayonne
,
Lapurdum
,
aut
Bayona
,
is
a
large
,
rich
and
well
Fortified
City
,
at
the
mouth
of
the
River
Adour
,
near
its
confluence
with
the
Nive
;
15
miles
from
the
Confines
of
Spain
to
the
South
,
25
from
d'Acqs
to
the
South
West
,
100
from
Bourdeaux
,
and
390
from
Paris
.
Some
Authors
are
of
Opinion
,
That
it
was
the
Aquae
●arbellicae
of
the
Romans
;
but
it
is
certain
,
That
its
ancient
name
was
Lapurdum
,
on
which
account
its
Episcopal
See
(
which
depends
on
the
Metropolitan
of
Auch
)
was
stiled
,
Episcopatus
Lapurdensis
,
or
of
Labourd
,
until
about
the
year
,
1150.
when
it
began
to
be
call'd
Bayonnensis
of
Bayonne
.
Also
the
whole
Territory
lying
between
S.
Sebastian
and
Fontarabia
,
was
part
of
the
Vicounty
or
Bayonne
,
and
possessed
by
the
Vicount
,
A.D.
1177.
according
to
the
Report
of
Roger
Hoveden
and
Peter
de
Me●ca
,
who
also
,
with
others
,
affirm
,
That
the
Country
belong'd
to
the
Diocess
of
Bayonne
until
the
time
of
Philip
II
.
King
of
Spain
,
who
first
obtain'd
for
it
a
Vicar-General
during
the
Civil
Wars
of
France
,
notwithstanding
the
Remonstrance
of
its
proper
Diocesan
the
Bishop
of
Bayonne
.
The
City
of
Bayonne
is
one
of
the
Keys
of
the
Kingdom
of
France
on
the
side
of
Spain
,
and
hath
a
very
capacious
safe
and
deep
Harbour
(
a
great
number
of
Vessels
passing
even
into
the
midst
of
the
Town
)
and
a
strong
Castle
with
a
good
Garison
.
The
Cathedral
bearing
the
names
of
the
Virgin
Mary
and
S.
Leo
,
is
surrounded
with
many
other
Churches
,
and
divers
Monasteries
.
Not
far
from
this
City
stands
a
high
Mountain
,
from
the
top
whereof
one
may
take
a
prospect
of
the
three
Kingdoms
of
France
,
Spain
,
and
Navarre
,
&c.
S.
Jean
de
Luz
,
or
Loizuine
,
Fanum
S.
Joannis
Lucii
&
Luisium
,
is
seated
on
the
mouth
of
the
Rivulet
Urdacuris
,
not
above
10
miles
from
the
Frontiers
of
Spain
,
and
Fontarabia
to
the
East
.
Near
this
Town
,
in
an
Island
made
by
the
River
Bidasson
,
which
parts
France
and
Spain
,
call'd
,
The
Isle
of
Conference
,
were
celebrated
the
Matrimonial
Solemnities
between
the
present
French
King
Lewis
XIV
.
and
Maria
Theresia
of
Austria
,
Infanta
of
Spain
,
A.
D.
1660.
The
Lower
NAVARRE
,
Navarra
Inferior
,
is
joyn'd
to
the
Country
of
Labourd
on
the
West
,
and
that
of
Bearne
on
the
East
,
and
the
Pyrenees
on
the
S.
It
is
a
Mountainous
and
barren
Country
,
and
except
Fruit
which
is
delicate
here
,
and
some
Pasturge
,
produces
but
little
.
In
it
are
these
Towns
,
S.
Palais
,
Cap.
S.
Jean
de
Pied
de
Port
,
&c.
S.
PALAIS
,
Fanum
Sancti
Palatii
,
situated
in
the
Territory
of
Mixe
on
the
little
River
of
Ridouse
,
40
miles
South
East
from
Bayonne
,
8
from
the
Confines
of
Bearn
to
the
West
,
and
about
20
from
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
to
the
North
.
In
this
Town
were
held
the
Sovereign
Courts
of
Justice
and
Chancery
for
the
whole
Country
,
before
it
was
united
to
the
Parliament
of
Pau
,
A.
D.
1620.
S.
Jean
de
Pied
de
Port
,
Fanum
S.
Joannis
Pedeportuensis
,
olim
Imum
Pyrenaeum
,
is
a
well
fortified
Town
built
amidst
the
Mountains
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Nive
at
the
distance
scarcely
of
3
miles
from
the
confines
of
the
Upper
Navarre
and
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
20
from
S.
Palais
to
the
South-West
,
and
30
from
Bayonne
to
the
South-east
.
The
Vicounty
of
SOULE
is
a
small
Territory
extended
along
the
side
of
the
River
Gave
de
Suson
between
Bearn
to
the
East
,
and
the
Lower
Navarre
on
the
West
.
It
comprehends
50
Parishes
and
only
one
considerable
Town
,
viz.
That
of
Mauleon
de
Soule
,
which
gave
Birth
to
that
Learned
Prelate
Henricus
Spondanus
,
or
Henry
Sponde
Bishop
of
Pamierr
,
&c.
BEARN
,
Benarnia
,
situated
at
the
foot
of
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
the
County
of
Bigorne
,
on
the
North
by
Gascogne
,
on
the
West
by
the
Provostship
of
Acqs
,
the
Lower
Navarre
and
the
Vicounty
of
Soule
,
and
on
the
South
by
the
Mountains
of
Arragon
and
Ronsal
.
Its
utmost
extent
from
South
to
North
consists
of
about
50
miles
;
and
about
the
same
from
West
to
East
.
This
Province
is
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Principality
,
and
was
at
first
possessed
by
its
own
Princes
.
Afterward
it
became
Subject
to
the
Dominion
of
the
Kings
of
Navarre
,
and
was
at
length
annexed
to
the
Demeans
of
the
Crown
under
Henry
IV
.
A.
D.
1620.
The
most
considerable
Cities
and
Towns
of
the
Country
of
Bearn
are
these
,
viz.
-
Pau
Cap.
-
Oleron
,
Bish
.
-
L'Escar
Bish
.
-
Ortez
.
-
Navarreins
.
-
Morlas
.
-
Sauveterre
.
-
Pontac
.
-
Laubege
.
-
Salies
.
PAU
,
Palum
,
is
seated
on
the
Gave
of
Pau
,
30
miles
from
Aire
to
the
South
,
as
many
from
the
frontiers
of
Spain
,
40
from
S.
Palais
,
and
60
from
Bayonne
to
the
East
.
It
is
a
large
Town
,
and
the
Seat
of
one
of
the
Parliaments
of
France
,
and
hath
a
Castle
for
its
defence
,
wherein
on
the
13th
day
of
December
,
1557.
was
born
Henry
IV
.
sirnamed
the
Great
King
of
France
and
Navarre
.
Oleron
,
Oloronensis
Urbs
,
Elorona
&
Iluro
,
stands
on
the
foot
of
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
65
miles
South-west
from
Auch
,
12
from
Pau
to
the
West
,
20
from
the
Frontiers
of
Navarre
and
about
as
many
from
those
of
Aragon
to
the
North
.
This
City
is
the
See
of
a
Bishop
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Auch
.
It
was
formerly
destroy'd
by
the
Normans
,
and
rebuilt
by
Count
Centullus
,
A.
D.
1080.
The
Gave
a
River
,
separates
it
from
the
Suburbs
of
S.
Mary
,
in
which
stands
the
Cathedral
Church
and
some
other
fair
buildings
.
The
Protestants
made
themselves
Masters
thereof
in
the
Civil
War
time
,
and
Gererd
le
Roux
or
Roussel
,
was
install'd
Bishop
,
by
Margaret
Queen
of
Navarre
.
Lescar
or
Lascar
Lascuris
aut
Lescar
,
derives
its
Name
(
says
Peter
de
Marca
)
from
the
winding
reaches
of
the
Brooks
(
called
in
the
Basque
Language
Lascourres
)
with
which
it
is
water'd
:
It
is
distant
4
or
5
miles
from
Pau
to
the
East
,
and
12
from
Oleron
to
the
North
,
and
is
also
an
Episcopal
See
.
This
City
was
founded
A.
D.
1000
,
by
the
care
of
the
Duke
of
Gascony
on
the
Ruins
of
the
ancient
Benearnum
,
which
had
been
utterly
raz'd
by
the
Normans
in
845.
In
the
Cathedral
Church
of
the
Virgin
Mary
were
the
Tombs
of
the
Kings
of
Navarre
,
but
they
were
demolished
by
the
fury
of
the
Civil
Wars
.
The
County
of
BIGORRE
,
Bigemensis
Comitatus
,
is
bounded
on
the
West
by
Bearn
,
on
the
East
by
Cominges
and
Conserans
,
on
the
North
by
Armaignac
,
and
on
the
South
by
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
.
Its
extent
from
South
to
North
includes
about
40
or
50
miles
,
and
from
West
to
East
about
20
or
25.
This
Province
is
divided
into
three
parts
,
viz.
the
Mountains
,
the
Plain
and
the
Territory
of
Rustan
.
The
Mountains
is
said
to
have
Mines
of
Copper
,
&c.
but
they
are
not
open
.
Eneco
Arista
possessed
this
Country
A.
C.
828
before
the
Kingdom
of
Navarre
was
founded
,
and
after
many
Revolutions
King
Henry
IV
.
caus'd
it
to
be
united
to
the
Crown
of
France
by
Virtue
of
his
Edict
published
in
the
Month
of
Octob
,
A.
D.
1607.
The
Principal
Towns
,
&c.
of
it
are
these
,
viz.
-
Tarbe
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Vic
de
Bigorre
.
-
Lourdes
.
-
Benac
.
-
Bardge
,
famous
for
its
Waters
.
-
Baigneres
.
-
Campen
.
-
Rabasten
.
-
Parabere
.
-
Antin
Marq
.
&c.
TARBE
or
TARBES
,
Tarba
,
is
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Adoux
in
a
fertile
Country
,
at
the
distance
of
30
miles
from
Auch
to
the
South-west
,
and
25
from
Pau
to
the
East
.
It
is
a
well-built
City
,
but
hath
only
one
Street
,
together
with
a
Castle
call'd
Bigorne
,
whence
(
de
Marca
says
)
the
whole
Province
hath
its
name
.
The
See
of
a
Prelate
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Auch
,
hath
been
long
since
established
here
:
as
also
,
a
Seneschal
Court
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
.
COMLINGE
,
Convenensis
Ager
,
lies
between
Languedoc
on
the
East
,
Armagnac
on
the
North
,
the
County
of
Bigorre
on
the
West
,
and
Conserans
on
the
South
.
This
Country
was
possessed
by
certain
particular
Counts
,
until
it
escheated
to
the
Crown
of
France
:
It
is
reasonable
fruitful
in
Wine
,
Fruits
and
Pasturage
.
And
is
divided
into
the
Upper
or
Cominges
,
and
the
Lower
or
Lombes
.
Wherein
are
contained
these
Towns
of
chiefest
note
,
viz.
-
Bertrand
de
Cominge
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Lombes
,
Bish
.
-
Muret
.
S.
BERTRAND
DE
COMINGE
,
Convenae
aut
Lugdunum
Convenarum
,
&
Lugdunum
Aquitanicae
,
is
situated
on
a
Hill
near
the
Banks
of
the
River
Garonne
and
the
Confines
of
Conserans
,
16
miles
from
Aque
Convenarum
or
Bugneres
,
according
to
the
Itinerary
of
Antoninus
,
50
miles
from
Toulouse
to
the
South-west
,
40
from
Auch
to
the
South
,
and
30
from
Tarbe
to
the
South-east
.
The
ancient
City
of
Convenae
was
raz'd
by
the
French
,
A.
C.
584.
and
another
built
out
of
its
Ruins
in
1100
by
S.
Bertrand
,
from
whom
its
modern
Name
is
deriv'd
.
It
is
an
Episcopal
See
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Auch
,
and
its
Royal
Court
of
Justice
depends
on
the
Parliment
of
Toulouse
.
The
Bishop
hath
a
Seat
in
the
Assembly
of
the
States
of
Languedoc
.
Lombes
,
Lombaria
&
Lombarium
,
is
a
small
City
on
the
Rivulet
of
Save
,
distant
30
miles
from
S.
Bertrand
to
the
South
;
20
from
Auch
to
the
South-east
,
25
from
Toulouse
to
the
South-west
.
Its
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Tolouse
,
was
erected
out
of
an
ancient
Abbey
of
Augustin
Monks
,
A.
D.
1317.
by
Pope
John
XXII
.
who
nominated
one
Arnold
Roger
of
Cominges
to
be
the
first
Bishop
of
this
Diocess
.
CONSERANS
or
COSERANS
,
is
a
Vicounty
lying
to
the
South
of
Cominges
proper
,
between
Languedoc
and
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
.
It
was
first
possessed
(
as
it
is
generally
believed
)
by
Arnold
of
Spain
,
under
the
Title
of
a
County
,
then
pass'd
into
the
Family
of
the
Counts
of
Carcessone
,
and
from
thence
was
translated
to
the
House
of
Navarre
,
&c.
S.
Lizier
of
Conserans
,
Consorani
,
aut
Fanum
S.
Licerii
,
the
Capital
of
Conserans
,
is
a
small
City
seated
on
the
River
Salur
,
which
about
10
miles
from
hence
falls
into
the
Garonne
,
and
is
distant
30
Miles
from
Tolouse
to
the
South-West
,
46
from
Auch
to
the
South-East
,
and
18
from
S.
Bertrand
to
the
East
.
It
is
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
and
hath
a
Royal
Court
of
Justice
dependant
on
the
Parliament
of
Tolouse
.
The
City
is
divided
into
two
Parts
,
viz.
The
City
and
the
Town
;
the
former
,
properly
called
Coserans
,
is
adorned
with
a
Cathedral
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
and
in
the
other
,
named
S.
Lizier
,
stands
another
Cathedral
.
The
PYRENEAN
Mountains
,
which
serve
as
a
Boundary
between
the
two
Kingdoms
of
Spain
and
France
,
begin
near
the
Town
of
S.
Jean
de
Luz
on
the
Ocean
,
and
continue
Eastward
quite
cross
the
Isthmus
that
joins
Spain
to
the
Continent
of
Europe
,
as
far
as
Perpignan
on
the
Mediterranean
;
the
highest
of
them
is
that
named
Mont-Carrigo
,
between
Roussilion
and
Catalonia
towards
the
County
of
Conflent
,
on
which
Snow
lies
unmelted
the
greatest
part
of
the
Year
.
Guienne
hath
a
Governour-General
,
who
is
the
Count
de
Tolouse
,
a
Commandant
,
the
Marshal
de
Lorge
,
two
Lieutenant-Generals
,
a
Seneschal
,
and
12
particular
Governours
of
Places
.
Saintogne
and
Angoumois
have
a
Governour-General
,
a
Lieutenant-General
,
two
Seneschals
,
and
three
particular
Governours
of
Places
.
Limosin
hath
a
Governour-General
,
a
Lieutenant-General
,
and
a
Seneschal
.
Perigord
hath
a
Senechal
:
And
Quercy
a
Seneschal
and
Lieutenant-General
.
CHAP.
XI
.
LANGUEDOC
,
Occivania
,
aut
Volcarum
Regio
.
THE
Province
of
LANGUEDOC
,
including
the
Countries
of
Cevennes
and
Roussillion
,
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
the
River
Rhone
,
which
divides
it
from
Provence
and
Dauphine
,
;
on
the
North
by
Lyonnois
,
Auvergne
,
Rouergue
and
Quercy
;
on
the
West
by
Armagnac
and
Cominges
;
and
on
the
South
by
the
Mediterranean
Sea
and
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
.
It
is
situated
between
the
41
Deg
.
50
Min.
and
the
44
Deg
.
54
Min.
of
Latitude
;
and
between
the
18
Deg
.
5
Min.
and
the
22
Deg
.
40
Min.
of
Longitude
.
Its
extent
from
South
to
North
is
about
120
miles
,
and
from
West
to
East
,
viz.
from
Rieux
to
Ville-Neuf-les-Avignon
,
180
miles
.
In
the
Roman
Division
of
Gaul
,
Languedoc
went
by
the
Name
of
the
Gallia
Narbonnensis
,
and
in
the
declining
of
the
Empire
it
was
possessed
by
the
Goths
,
who
here
Founded
the
Kingdom
of
the
Visigoths
,
which
hath
been
entirely
extinct
ever
since
the
time
of
Charles
Martel
.
This
Province
is
esteem'd
the
most
Pleasant
and
Fruitful
of
any
throughout
the
whole
Kingdom
of
France
,
the
Air
being
very
Temperate
and
Healthful
,
and
the
Soil
bringing
forth
abundance
of
Corn
and
excellent
Fruits
;
its
chief
Commodities
are
Wine
,
Oil
,
Hony
,
Wax
,
Saffron
,
Silk
and
Salt
.
The
Upper
Languedoc
affords
good
Pasture
to
many
Herds
of
Oxen
and
Cows
.
Some
Mines
of
rich
Metals
and
Minerals
are
found
here
,
and
Quarries
of
Marble
and
Alabaster
.
Moreover
,
all
sorts
of
Fishes
are
caught
in
the
Rivers
and
on
the
Sea-coasts
,
and
there
are
divers
Springs
of
Mineral
Waters
very
efficacious
in
curing
Diseases
.
But
the
Country
of
Cevennes
hath
not
the
same
advantages
,
as
being
Mountainous
,
not
so
much
cultivated
and
less
delightful
in
many
places
.
However
,
it
affords
Millet
,
Chesnuts
,
and
some
other
Fruits
.
The
principal
Rivers
are
the
Rhone
,
the
Garonne
,
the
Tarn
,
the
Vistre
,
the
Vidaule
,
the
Barange
,
the
Eraut
,
the
Salazon
,
the
Berre
,
the
Pallas
,
the
Agout
,
and
the
Aude
,
intermixing
its
Waters
with
those
of
the
Fresquel
,
which
is
joined
by
a
Canal
with
the
lesser
Lers
,
that
runs
into
the
Garonne
.
This
is
that
Famous
Canal
of
Languedoc
,
which
hath
been
lately
cut
with
so
vast
Expence
,
to
make
a
Communication
between
the
two
Seas
,
viz.
the
Ocean
and
Mediterranean
,
and
not
yet
altogether
brought
to
Perfection
.
This
Country
,
which
hath
been
Subject
to
a
great
number
of
Dukes
,
Vicounts
,
and
divers
other
Lords
,
after
many
Revolutions
was
united
to
the
Crown
by
King
John
,
together
with
the
Duchies
of
Normandy
and
Burgundy
,
A.
D.
1361.
The
States
of
Languedoc
are
very
considerable
,
and
their
Assemblies
are
held
every
three
Years
by
the
three
Orders
,
viz.
The
Clergy
,
the
Nobles
,
and
the
third
Estate
;
the
First
of
these
is
composed
of
three
Archbishops
;
the
Second
of
twenty
two
Barons
taken
out
of
every
Diocess
;
and
the
Third
of
twenty
two
Consuls
of
the
Capital
Cities
of
every
Diocess
,
&c.
The
whole
Province
of
Languedoc
is
usually
divided
into
the
Upper
to
the
West
,
and
the
Lower
to
the
East
,
as
it
more
plainly
appears
from
the
following
Table
.
The
Upper
in
5
Parts
,
viz.
-
Toulousan
,
Toulouse
,
Archbish
.
Capital
.
-
Albigeois
,
Alby
,
Archbish
.
-
Leucegay
,
Castelnau
dary
.
-
The
County
of
Foix
.
-
Foix
.
-
Rousillon
,
Perpignan
,
Bish
.
The
Lower
in
4
Parts
,
viz.
-
The
Quarter
of
Narbonne
.
Archbish
.
-
Narbonne
.
-
The
Quarter
of
Besiers
.
-
Besiers
,
Bish
.
-
The
Quarter
of
Nimes
.
-
Nimes
,
Bish
.
-
Cevennes
in
3
,
viz.
-
Gevaudan
.
-
Mende
,
Bish
.
-
Vivarais
.
-
Viviers
.
-
Velay
.
-
Puy
,
Bish
.
TOULOUSAN
,
Tolosanus
Ager
,
takes
up
the
more
Western
part
of
the
Upper
Languedoc
,
along
the
Banks
of
the
River
Garonne
,
lying
between
Gascony
on
the
West
,
Albigeois
on
the
North
,
the
Territory
of
Auray
on
the
East
,
and
the
Country
of
Foix
on
the
South
.
It
comprehends
these
principal
Cities
and
Towns
viz.
-
To●ouse
Arch-Bish
.
Cap.
-
Lavaur
Bish
.
-
Castle
Sarasin
.
-
Villemur
.
-
Grisoles
.
-
Buset
-
Cerminge
.
TOULOUSE
,
THOULOUSE
,
or
TOLOSE
Tol●sa
.
is
seated
on
the
River
Garonne
,
over
which
it
hath
a
stately
stone-Bridge
,
commonly
call'd
Pont-neuf
.
It
is
distant
330
miles
from
Paris
,
140
from
Limoges
,
and
55
from
Cahors
to
the
South
,
60
from
the
Pyrenees
to
the
North
,
150
from
Bayon
,
and
40
from
Auch
to
the
East
,
170
from
the
River
Rhosne
,
and
190
from
the
Mediterranean
to
the
West
.
It
was
heretofore
the
Seat
of
the
ancient
Tectosages
,
(
who
gain'd
so
many
Conquests
in
Asia
and
Greece
)
and
then
a
Roman
Colony
:
In
process
of
time
it
became
the
Metropolis
of
the
Visigoths
,
afterward
of
Aqaitain
,
and
at
length
of
one
of
the
most
considerable
Provinces
,
or
Governments
of
France
.
Its
Episcopal
See
which
before
depended
on
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Arch-bishop
of
Narbonne
,
was
erected
into
a
Metropolitan
by
Pope
John
XXII
.
A.
D.
1317.
Tolouse
is
famous
for
its
Traffick
,
and
since
a
Communication
hath
been
made
between
the
Western
Ocean
and
the
Mediterranean
,
may
justly
be
stil'd
the
Mart
of
both
Seas
.
The
City
is
divided
into
Eight
Parts
call'd
Capitolares
,
to
which
a
lesser
Quarter
nam'd
the
Burgh
,
on
the
other
side
of
the
Garonne
,
was
added
in
the
Year
1346.
The
Magnificent
Cathedral
of
St.
Stephen
,
is
built
on
a
spacious
Ground-plat
,
adorn'd
with
a
Fountain
,
over
which
is
erected
an
Obelisk
wrought
with
curious
Workmanship
.
Another
Church
Dedicated
to
St.
Sernim
or
Saturnim
,
the
first
Bishop
of
Tolouse
,
is
remarkable
for
its
Treasury
of
Relicks
,
as
also
is
that
of
the
Jacobins
for
the
Shrine
of
Thomas
Aquinas
.
Moreover
here
are
also
to
be
seen
many
Monuments
of
Antiquity
,
parcularly
a
Capitol
and
an
Amphitheatre
,
together
with
divers
Aqueducts
,
old
Temples
,
&c.
The
University
of
Tolouse
,
is
reputed
to
be
the
Second
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
consists
of
several
Colleges
,
among
which
that
of
Foix
is
the
most
Illustrious
;
and
indeed
this
Place
hath
been
long
since
the
Seat
of
the
Muses
,
on
which
account
it
is
called
Palladia
,
or
the
City
of
Pallas
,
by
Martial
,
Ausonius
,
and
Sidonius
Appollinaris
.
The
Town-House
is
a
stately
Pile
of
Building
,
and
hath
acquir'd
the
name
of
the
Capitol
;
neither
perhaps
will
it
be
improper
to
mention
the
Mills
of
the
Basade
and
Castle
,
every
one
of
which
hath
16
or
17
Mill-stones
for
the
grinding
of
Corn
,
and
a
great
number
of
Engines
for
the
currying
of
Leather
.
A
Soveraign
Court
of
Parliament
was
began
here
in
the
time
of
King
Philip
the
Fair
,
and
established
by
Charles
VII
.
Here
is
also
a
Seneschalcy
and
Generality
.
The
City
of
Tolouse
after
divers
Revolutions
,
remained
long
in
the
hands
of
its
own
Counts
,
un
il
Philip
the
Hardy
seiz'd
on
it
,
together
with
the
whole
County
,
A.
D.
1271
;
and
King
John
re-united
it
to
the
Crown
in
1361.
About
this
City
lye
those
spacious
pleasant
Fields
,
call'd
by
ancient
Writers
,
Campi
Catalaunici
,
in
which
that
famous
Battle
was
fought
by
Aetius
the
Roman
General
,
assisted
by
the
Franks
,
Burgundians
and
Goths
,
against
Attilla
King
of
the
Hunns
,
whom
they
utterly
Defeated
,
and
kill'd
near
200
Thousand
of
the
500
Thousand
(
't
is
said
)
he
brought
into
the
Field
.
Others
place
the
Campi
Catalaunici
about
Chalons
,
in
Champaigne
,
tho
with
less
reason
,
this
place
agreeing
best
with
the
accounts
given
of
them
by
the
Ancients
.
Lavaur
,
L'Avour
,
or
La
Vaur
,
Vaurum
,
aut
Vaurium
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Agour
in
the
Upper
Languedoc
,
and
on
the
very
confines
of
Alligeois
,
at
the
distance
of
15
miles
from
Tolouse
to
the
East
.
Isarne
Bishop
of
Tolouse
,
gave
the
Town
of
Lavaur
,
in
the
year
1098
,
to
Florardy
Abbot
of
St.
Pons
de
Thomieses
,
on
condition
that
he
should
Found
a
Priory
in
it
;
where
afterward
in
1318
,
Pope
John
XXII
.
established
an
Episcopal
See
.
ALBIGEOIS
,
Albigiensis
Tractus
,
lyes
between
the
Diocess
of
Tolouse
,
Vabres
,
Luvaur
and
Rhodez
,
being
the
Country
of
the
ancient
Heluseri
,
mentioned
by
Caesar
.
It
is
divided
into
two
almost
equal
Parts
by
the
River
Tam
,
and
comprehends
these
chief
Cities
and
Towns
,
viz.
-
Alby
,
Arch.
Bish
Capital
.
-
Castres
,
Bish
.
-
Realmont
.
-
Gaillac
.
-
Rabasteins
.
-
Givossens
.
-
Valens
.
-
Cordes
.
-
Florentin
,
&c.
ALBI
,
Albiga
,
is
situated
on
the
River
Tarn
,
in
a
very
fertile
Country
,
about
35
miles
from
Tolouse
to
the
North-east
,
and
30
from
Ville
Franche
in
Rouergue
to
the
South
.
It
was
formerly
a
Bishop's
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Bourges
,
but
Pope
Innocent
XI
.
erected
it
into
an
Archbishoprick
,
A.
D.
1678
The
Prelate
of
this
City
is
also
its
Temporal
Lord
,
and
the
King
only
maintains
a
Magistrate
there
,
call'd
the
Viguier
for
holding
the
Royal
Courts
of
Judicature
.
The
Cathedral
of
St.
Cicile
hath
one
of
the
fairest
Quires
of
France
.
Castre●
Castrum
,
aut
Castrum
Albiensium
,
is
a
fair
City
on
the
River
Argout
,
distant
20
miles
from
Albi
to
the
South
,
and
40
from
Tolouse
.
Its
Episcopal
See
was
Founded
by
Pope
John
XXII
.
A.
D.
1317
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Bourges
.
but
it
hath
depended
on
that
of
Alby
ever
since
the
year
1678.
The
Inhabitants
of
this
Country
have
been
famous
in
Ecclesiastical
History
,
by
the
name
of
Albigenses
,
for
their
early
dissention
from
the
errors
of
the
Church
of
Rome
.
They
were
a
Branch
of
the
Waldenses
,
who
proceeded
from
Peter
Waldo
a
rich
Merchant
of
Ly●ns
a
very
Pious
and
Charitable
Man
,
who
touched
with
the
sudden
death
of
a
Friend
at
a
Feast
,
set
himself
seriously
to
contemplate
upon
Eternity
,
and
study
the
Holy
Scripture
,
which
led
him
to
the
discovery
of
the
Errors
of
the
Roman
Church
:
And
being
exceeding
Charitable
in
relieving
the
wants
of
the
Poor
,
and
doing
other
good
Offices
that
lay
in
his
Power
,
obtain'd
great
Respect
,
and
Attention
when
he
argued
against
the
Supremacy
of
the
Pope
,
Adoration
of
Images
,
Invocation
of
Saints
,
&c.
His
Followers
grew
numerous
,
and
were
call'd
in
Derision
by
the
Papists
.
The
pour
Men
of
Lyons
,
and
afterwards
Waldenses
,
from
this
Waldo
.
The
first
mention
of
them
in
History
is
about
the
middle
of
the
twelfth
Century
,
when
they
began
to
be
Persecuted
by
the
Papists
,
and
were
forced
to
fly
into
Piedmont
,
where
they
incorporated
with
the
Vaudi
,
(
who
were
ancient
Christians
that
had
never
been
subject
to
the
Pope's
Authority
)
and
were
afterwards
indifferently
call'd
Vaudois
and
Waldensis
.
Another
part
of
them
retiring
into
Langued●c
,
settled
in
this
Province
of
Albigeois
,
and
encreased
exceedingly
.
At
first
the
Popes
endeavoured
to
convert
them
by
Preaching
;
to
which
purpose
the
Dominican
order
of
Monks
was
Instituted
about
the
beginning
of
the
thirteenth
Century
:
But
these
not
prevailing
,
and
the
Albigenses
being
grown
strong
by
the
Patronage
of
the
Counts
of
Thoulouse
,
whom
they
Converted
,
the
Pope
raised
a
Crusade
against
them
,
stirred
up
the
Dukes
of
Austria
against
the
Waldenses
,
and
made
our
Simon
Mountfort
Earl
of
Leicester
,
Captain
against
the
Albigenses
,
A.
C.
1213
,
who
with
the
Popes
Legate
,
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
and
a
great
Army
which
was
raised
for
(
as
they
call'd
it
)
this
Holy
War
,
were
too
strong
for
those
poor
People
,
took
and
plundered
their
Cities
,
and
Barbarously
tormented
and
murdered
their
Persons
,
which
caus'd
them
to
fly
into
Provence
and
other
Parts
,
and
in
time
settled
themselves
at
Merindol
,
Chabriers
,
and
thereabouts
;
where
in
the
year
1545
,
they
were
most
barbarously
Massacred
and
cruelly
tormented
by
the
French
Papists
.
Those
that
escaped
,
sent
to
Zuinglius
for
Teachers
,
and
incorporated
with
the
Calvinists
,
who
altogether
in
time
grew
very
numerous
and
powerful
,
as
we
have
already
shewed
in
the
account
of
the
Religion
of
France
.
LAURAGAIS
,
Lauracus
and
Lauriacensis
Ager
,
taking
its
Name
from
the
Town
of
Laureac
,
is
extended
between
the
Banks
of
the
Rivers
Ariege
and
Agent
.
It
is
divided
into
two
parts
,
viz.
The
Upper
and
Lower
,
and
comprehends
these
principal
Cities
and
Towns
viz.
-
Castlenand●ry
,
Capital
.
-
S.
Pap●ul
,
Bish
.
-
Avignonet
.
-
Ville-Pinte
.
-
Laureac
,
-
Faujaux
.
-
Ville-Franche
.
CASTLENAUDARY
,
Castellum
Arianorum
,
seu
Castolavium
Auriacum
,
and
Castellum
Novum
Arri
,
stands
on
a
Hill
on
the
Upper
Lauragais
,
20
miles
from
Castres
to
the
South
,
and
30
from
Tolouse
to
the
South-east
:
A
Seneschalchy
Court
and
Presidial
,
have
been
held
in
this
Town
ever
since
the
Year
1553.
It
is
a
place
of
good
Trade
by
the
many
Manufactures
,
especially
Woollen
Cloths
that
are
made
in
it
.
The
Mareshal
de
Sch●mberg
gain'd
a
memorable
Battle
not
far
from
hence
,
over
the
Duke
Orleans
,
in
which
the
Count
de
Moret
was
Slain
,
and
the
Duke
Montmorency
Wounded
and
taken
Prisoner
,
A.
D.
1632.
S.
Papoul
,
Fanum
S.
Papuli
.
aut
Papulepolis
,
is
a
small
City
on
the
foot
of
Mount
Noire
,
near
the
Rivulets
of
Rotoure
and
Lampi
being
scarcely
distant
one
League
from
Castlenaudary
,
and
15
from
Carcassonne
to
the
North-west
.
A
certain
Monastery
was
built
here
about
the
end
of
the
VIIIth
Century
,
which
Convent
Pope
John
XXII
.
changed
into
a
Cathedral
Church
,
alloting
43
Parishes
for
its
Diocess
,
A.
D.
1317.
The
County
of
FOIX
,
Fuxiensis
Comitatus
,
in
the
Upper
Langued
c
,
is
bounded
on
the
South
by
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
and
Rousillon
,
on
the
West
by
Gascony
,
on
the
South
by
Toulousan
and
Louragais
,
and
on
the
East
by
Narbonne
,
It
contains
16
Castellanies
or
small
Governments
,
and
a
great
number
of
considerable
Towns
.
It
was
subject
to
its
own
Counts
,
whom
Descended
Henry
IV
.
King
of
France
,
and
so
it
was
added
to
the
Crown
.
The
principal
Towns
are
,
-
Foix
.
-
Mirepoix
,
Bish
.
-
Pamiez
,
Bish
.
-
Rieux
,
Bish
.
-
Aegs
.
-
Mazetes
.
-
Tarascon
.
-
Savardun
.
-
Maz
d'
Azil
.
-
Mallellegonde
.
-
Haut●rieue
.
-
Lezat
.
-
Le
Puech
,
&c.
FOIX
,
Fuxium
,
a
small
Town
or
Hamlet
,
formerly
well
fortified
,
hath
given
its
name
to
the
whole
County
,
and
to
an
Illustrious
Family
;
it
is
situated
on
the
Brook
Ariage
.
and
the
Foot
of
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
from
which
it
is
Distant
15
miles
to
the
North
,
and
40
from
Tolouse
to
the
South
,
and
is
chiefly
remarkable
for
its
Abby
,
Assembly
of
the
States
,
Seneschalchy
,
Treasury-Office
for
the
Receipt
of
the
King's
Revenne
,
&c.
Mirepoix
,
Mirapincum
seu
Mirapis●ae
,
is
watered
by
the
River
Lers
,
and
stands
10
miles
from
Foix
to
the
East
.
This
City
once
belonged
to
the
Diocess
of
Tolouse
,
but
was
erected
into
an
Episcopal
See
under
that
Metropolitan
by
Pope
John
XXII
.
A.
D.
1318.
Pamiez
,
or
Pamiers
,
Pamiae
,
aut
Apamiae
,
stands
on
the
side
of
the
River
Ariege
,
and
is
defended
by
the
Castle
of
Fredelet
,
whence
the
City
it self
was
formerly
call'd
Fredelas
,
and
is
distant
12
miles
from
Foix
to
the
North
,
and
30
from
Tolouse
,
Pope
Boniface
VIII
.
chang'd
the
Abby
Church
Dedicated
to
S.
Antonin
,
into
a
Cathedral
,
in
the
year
1296.
And
its
Episcopal
See
hath
been
possessed
by
divers
Illustrious
Prelates
,
particularly
S.
Lewis
of
Marseille
,
a
Pope
named
Benedict
XII
.
four
Cardinals
,
the
Learned
Henricus
Spondanus
,
and
others
.
Rieux
,
Rivi
,
and
Rivenae
,
is
a
City
of
small
extent
,
and
stands
on
the
River
Garonne
,
near
the
Confines
of
Gascony
and
C●nserans
,
25
miles
from
Tolouse
to
the
South
,
and
30
from
Foix
to
the
North-west
.
Its
Episcopal
See
depending
on
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Archbishop
of
Tolouse
,
was
likewise
established
by
Pope
John
XXII
.
A.
D.
1318
;
and
the
Cathedral
Church
is
Dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
.
The
Abby
of
Feuillans
,
is
in
this
Diocess
;
where
are
also
those
of
Lezat
,
Caletz
,
Salanques
,
&c.
The
County
of
ROUSILLON
,
Ruscionensis
Comitatus
,
and
CONFLENT
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Languedoc
,
properly
so
call'd
on
the
West
by
Catalonia
,
on
the
South
by
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
and
on
the
East
by
the
Mediterranean
Sea
;
its
utmost
extent
from
West
to
East
consisting
of
about
70
miles
,
and
35
from
South
to
North
.
This
County
formerly
appertain'd
to
the
Spaniards
,
but
the
French
King
Lewis
XIII
.
took
it
from
them
,
and
it
was
granted
to
him
by
the
Pyrenean
Treaty
,
A.
D.
1659.
The
most
considerable
Rivers
are
the
Ter
.
the
Tech
,
and
the
Egly
;
and
the
principal
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Perpignan
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Elne
,
formerly
Bish
.
-
Salcas
.
-
Couilloure
.
-
Ville
Franche
de
Constant
.
-
Selio
.
-
Riveltes
.
-
Stagel
.
-
Voto
.
-
B●ule
.
-
Praz
de
Moll●
.
-
Mont-Louis
.
-
Fort
,
&c.
PERPIGNAN
,
Perpinianum
,
and
Papirianum
,
is
situated
on
the
River
Ter
,
and
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
,
at
the
distance
of
3
Leagues
from
the
Coast
of
the
Mediterranean
Sea
to
the
West
,
and
30
miles
from
Narbonne
to
the
South
.
It
was
built
in
the
Year
,
1680.
by
Count
Isnard
,
out
of
the
Ruins
of
old
Rousillon
,
as
yet
to
be
seen
about
half
a
League
from
thence
,
and
at
first
belong'd
to
the
Kings
of
Spain
,
till
the
French
found
means
to
make
themselves
Masters
of
it
,
in
1642.
ever
since
which
time
it
hath
remain'd
in
their
Possession
.
This
City
is
adorn'd
with
an
University
,
founded
by
Peter
King
of
Aragon
,
was
dignified
with
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Narbonne
,
A.D.
1604.
and
hath
a
very
strong
Citadel
for
its
Defence
.
Elne
.
Helena
,
olim
Illibaris
,
stands
on
a
Hill
near
the
Banks
of
the
River
Tech
,
at
the
distance
only
of
one
League
from
the
Gulph
of
Lion
in
the
Mediterranean
,
10
Miles
from
Perpignan
,
and
as
many
from
C●lliouxe
.
It
was
an
Episcopal
See
,
but
that
was
Translated
to
Perpignan
,
by
Pope
Clement
VIII
.
A.
D.
1604.
The
Town
of
Elne
was
subject
to
the
King
of
Spain
,
till
1640.
at
which
time
it
fell
into
the
hands
of
the
French
:
A
little
below
it
are
still
to
be
seen
the
ruins
of
a
Castle
,
wherein
Constans
the
Son
of
the
Emperor
Constantine
was
slain
,
during
the
Commotions
raised
by
the
Tyrant
Magnensius
.
Ville-Franche
de
Conflent
,
villa
Franca
Confluentum
,
the
chief
Town
of
the
Territory
call'd
Conflent
,
which
lies
among
the
Mountains
Eastward
from
Rousillon
,
is
seated
at
the
foot
of
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
about
25
miles
from
Perpignan
to
the
West
.
The
Quarter
of
NARBONNE
,
Narbonensis
Tractus
,
lies
between
Louragais
and
the
County
of
Foix
,
on
the
West
,
Rousillon
on
the
South
,
the
See
and
the
Quarter
of
Besiers
on
the
East
,
and
Toulouson
on
the
North
.
The
principal
Cities
and
Towns
of
this
County
are
these
,
viz.
-
Narbonne
,
Archb.
Cap.
-
Carcassonne
,
Bish
.
-
Alet
,
Bish
.
-
St.
Pons
de
Tormiers
,
Bish
.
-
Limoux
.
-
L'
Eucate
.
-
Lusignan
.
-
Capastang
,
&c.
NARBONNE
,
Narbo
,
Narbon
,
and
Deucamanorum
Colonia
,
is
commodiously
seated
in
a
low
Country
on
an
Arm
of
the
River
Aude
.
commonly
call'd
la
Robine
,
which
was
cut
by
the
Romans
,
and
serves
to
convey
Barks
laden
with
Merchandizes
from
the
Mediterranean
Sea
,
from
whence
it
is
distant
but
2
Leagues
.
It
is
a
large
well
Fortified
City
,
and
one
of
the
most
ancient
of
the
Kingdom
,
for
the
Romans
establish'd
their
Colonies
therein
,
as
the
capital
of
one
of
their
Divisions
of
Gaul
,
which
from
this
City
was
call'd
Gallia
Norbonensis
;
and
it
was
the
usual
place
of
Residence
of
their
Pro-consuls
,
who
adorned
it
with
a
Capitol
,
and
an
Amphitheatre
,
together
with
divers
Baths
,
Aqueducts
,
Municipal
Schools
,
and
granted
great
Priviledges
to
the
City
,
insomuch
that
the
Inhabitants
in
gratitude
for
these
favours
erected
an
Altar
in
Honour
of
Augustus
,
as
appears
from
an
Inscription
found
here
in
the
XVIth
Century
.
The
City
of
Narbonne
hath
been
long
since
the
See
of
an
Arbhbishop
,
ever
since
the
time
of
Constantine
the
Great
,
if
we
may
give
credit
to
some
Writers
,
who
also
averred
,
that
the
Proconsul
Paulus
Sergius
,
whom
S.
Paul
had
converted
,
was
its
first
Apostle
and
Prelate
.
The
Archbishop
is
President
of
the
States
of
Languedoc
.
The
Cathedral
bears
the
name
of
S.
Justus
and
S.
Pastor
,
and
is
remarkable
for
its
admirable
Organs
and
curious
Paintings
,
wherein
are
represented
the
raising
of
Lazarus
from
Dead
,
the
last
Judgment
,
&c.
There
are
also
5
other
Parochial
Churches
,
the
chief
of
which
is
the
Collegiate
Church
of
S.
Paul
,
a
College
of
the
Fathers
of
the
Doctrine
,
and
divers
Monasteries
for
Religious
Persons
of
both
Sexes
.
This
City
belong'd
to
its
own
Dukes
and
Lords
,
till
Gast●n
de
Foix
exchang'd
it
with
Lewis
XIIth
King
of
France
,
for
other
Lands
,
in
the
year
1507.
It
is
distant
80
miles
from
Thoulouse
to
the
E●st
,
35
from
Perpignan
to
the
North
,
100
from
the
River
Ehosne
to
the
West
,
and
about
80
from
Rodez
in
R●uvergne
to
the
South
.
Carcassonne
,
Carcasso
,
Carcassio
and
Carcassum
,
is
situated
on
the
Aude
,
in
the
midst
between
Perpignan
and
Thoulouse
,
20
miles
from
Alet
to
the
South
,
and
30
from
Narbonne
to
the
West
.
It
is
the
Capital
City
of
the
Territory
call'd
from
thence
Carcassez
,
or
the
Country
of
Carcassonne
,
and
is
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Narbonne
.
It
is
divided
into
three
Parts
,
the
Upper
Town
,
the
Lower
where
the
Burgh
formerly
stood
,
and
the
Castle-Precinct
,
and
is
more
especially
noted
for
its
Woolen
Manufactures
,
&c.
Alec
,
Alecta
aut
Electa
,
stands
in
like
manner
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Aude
,
at
the
foot
of
the
Pyrenean
Mountains
,
20
miles
from
Carcassonne
to
the
North
,
20
from
Mirepoix
to
the
East
,
and
25
from
Perp●gnan
to
the
North
west
,
This
City
together
with
the
adjacent
Country
,
was
at
first
included
within
the
Diocess
of
Narbonne
,
but
was
erected
into
an
Episcopal
See
by
Pope
John
XXII
.
S.
Pons
de
Tomiers
,
Fanum
S.
Pontii
Tomeriarum
,
Tomeriae
,
and
Ponti●polis
,
was
at
first
only
an
Abby
of
the
Benedictine
Order
,
founded
A.
C.
936.
by
Raimond
Count
of
Thoulouse
,
in
Honour
of
S.
Pons
,
Bishop
of
Cimele
,
or
Nice
,
and
Martyr
;
afterward
it
grew
up
into
a
Town
,
and
Pope
John
XII
.
established
an
Episcopal
See
there
,
in
1318.
but
the
Monks
were
not
Seculariz'd
until
A.
1625.
The
Bishop
is
Lord
of
this
small
City
,
which
stands
amidst
the
Mountains
in
the
Lower
Languedoc
,
about
25
miles
from
Narbonne
to
the
North
,
as
many
from
Castres
to
the
East
,
and
25
from
Alby
to
the
North-west
.
The
Quarter
of
BESIERS
,
Bliterensis
Tractus
,
is
extended
between
that
of
Narbonne
on
the
West
,
Rouvergue
on
the
North
,
the
Quarter
of
Nimes
on
the
East
,
and
the
Sea
on
the
South
,
comprehending
these
chief
Cities
and
Towns
,
viz.
-
Besiers
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Agde
,
Bish
.
-
Lodeve
,
Bish
.
-
Persenas
.
-
Clermont
.
-
Montagnac
.
-
Port
S.
Louis
,
&c.
BESIERS
or
BEZIERS
,
Biteria
,
Blitera
aut
Biterrensis
Civitas
,
is
a
very
ancient
City
,
seated
upon
a
Hill
,
the
Avenues
whereof
are
of
difficult
access
,
near
the
small
River
Orb
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Mediterranean
.
It
was
a
considerable
Place
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
,
who
built
there
two
Temples
,
in
honour
of
Julius
and
Augustus
;
It
was
in
a
very
flourishing
state
in
the
Fourth
Century
,
when
the
Goths
took
and
ruin'd
it
:
And
when
afterwards
it
had
recover'd
it self
,
the
Saracens
pillag'd
it
about
the
Year
736.
And
to
prevent
its
being
again
a
Seat
for
those
Infidels
,
Charles
Martel
quite
destroy'd
it
.
However
,
in
time
it
was
again
rebuilt
,
and
became
flourishing
and
populous
as
it
is
,
It
was
formerly
a
Vicounty
under
the
Dukes
of
Septimania
,
but
at
length
united
to
the
Crown
of
France
.
This
City
is
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
hath
still
the
Title
of
a
Vicounty
,
Bailiage
and
Presidial
,
and
is
distant
2
Leagues
from
the
Coast
of
the
Mediterranean
,
15
miles
from
Narbon
to
the
North-east
,
and
45
from
Montpelier
to
the
West
.
Agde
,
Agatha
,
stands
on
the
Bay
of
Lyons
,
a
little
above
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Eraut
,
distant
one
League
from
the
little
Island
Brescon
to
the
North
,
15
miles
from
Narbonne
to
the
East
,
12
from
Beziers
,
and
about
40
from
Montpelier
.
This
City
is
remarkable
for
its
Trade
,
the
beauty
of
its
buildings
,
and
is
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Narbonne
.
Lodeve
,
Luteva
&
Lutava
Castrum
,
is
built
at
the
foot
of
the
Mountains
of
Cevennes
.
on
the
Frontiers
of
Rouergue
,
near
the
Rivulet
of
Lergue
and
Salandre
,
which
fall
into
the
Eraut
,
and
is
distant
about
30
Miles
from
Agde
and
Beziers
to
the
North
,
60
from
Nismes
to
the
West
,
and
16
from
Uzes
.
It
was
dignified
with
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Narbonne
by
the
favour
of
Pope
John
XXII
.
And
the
Bishop
is
its
Spiritual
and
Temporal
Lord
,
having
a
right
to
determine
all
Causes
,
Criminal
and
Civil
,
except
High-Treason
,
and
assumes
the
Title
of
Count
of
Montbrun
,
which
is
an
adjacent
Castle
:
800
Gentlemen
formerly
held
Tenures
in
Fee
of
these
Prelates
,
and
the
Bishoprick
on
that
account
was
Styled
the
Noble
.
This
City
was
expos'd
to
great
Calamities
during
the
Wars
of
the
Goths
and
Albigeois
;
the
French
Protestants
surpriz'd
it
in
the
Year
1573.
and
it
was
retaken
by
the
Duke
of
Montmorency
,
A.
D.
1583.
Pezenas
,
Piscenae
,
is
a
fair
neat
Town
,
seated
on
a
Hill
,
on
the
River
Peyne
,
near
the
Eraut
,
12
or
14
Miles
North
from
Agde
,
and
20
South
from
Lodove
;
in
which
the
States
of
the
Province
commonly
assemble
.
The
Quarter
of
NIMES
,
Nemausensis
Tractus
,
lies
between
that
of
Besiers
on
the
West
,
the
Mediterranean
Sea
on
the
South
,
Provence
on
the
East
,
and
Covennes
on
the
North
;
and
contains
the
ensuing
considerable
Cities
and
Towns
,
viz.
-
Nimes
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Montpelier
,
Bish
.
-
Beaucaire
.
-
Alais
.
-
Aigues-Mortes
.
-
S.
Gilles
.
-
Belle-Garde
.
-
S.
Laurens
,
Abb.
-
Montferrand
.
-
Lunel
.
-
Sommieres
,
&c.
NIMES
,
Nemausus
,
is
most
pleasantly
seated
,
near
the
Spring-head
of
the
River
Vistre
,
as
being
surrounded
on
one
side
with
Hills
,
on
which
grows
abundance
of
Vines
,
and
all
sorts
of
Fruit-Trees
,
and
on
the
other
with
a
spacious
fertile
Plain
.
But
it
is
more
especially
famous
for
its
Antiquity
,
whereof
as
yet
remain
many
illustrious
Monuments
:
The
chief
of
those
is
an
Amphitheatre
,
built
of
Free-stone
,
of
an
extraordinary
length
and
breadth
,
the
out-side
being
adorn'd
with
Columns
and
their
Cornishes
,
on
which
are
to
be
seen
the
Roman
Eagles
,
and
the
Figures
of
Romulus
and
Remus
sucking
a
Wolf
,
besides
the
Temple
of
Diana
,
without
the
Town
;
an
admirable
Spring
,
expatiating
in
form
of
a
Pond
,
and
mentioned
by
Ausonius
&c.
And
in
this
City
was
plac'd
a
Colony
,
which
the
Emperor
Augustus
brought
out
of
Egypt
,
after
the
Conquest
of
that
Province
,
as
appeareth
from
divers
ancient
Medals
.
Neither
●s
its
present
Grandeur
less
considerable
,
for
it
is
the
Seat
of
a
Bishoprick
,
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
Diocess
of
Narbonne
;
of
a
Seneschals
Jurisdiction
,
call'd
of
Beaucaire
and
Nimes
;
of
a
Presidial
Court
;
and
of
a
flourishing
University
.
And
is
also
a
Place
of
very
good
Trade
,
which
consists
chiefly
in
Wollen
Stuffs
made
here
.
The
City
of
Nismes
was
possessed
by
the
Goths
until
the
time
of
Charles
Martel
;
and
by
the
Protestants
during
the
Civil
Wars
of
France
:
It
is
distant
not
above
10
miles
from
the
River
Rhosne
to
the
East
,
30
from
Montpelier
to
the
North-East
,
and
35
from
the
Mediterranean
to
the
North
.
Montpellier
,
Mons-Pessulanus
,
Mont
Pussulus
&
Mons
Luellarum
,
the
Capitol
City
of
the
Lower
Languedoc
,
the
largest
and
most
flourishing
of
all
the
Province
except
Thoulouse
,
is
pleasantly
seated
on
the
Top
of
a
Hill
,
near
the
Rivulet
of
Lez
,
at
the
distance
scarcely
of
one
League
from
the
Pool
of
Maguelonne
,
2
from
the
Coasts
of
the
Mediterranean
Sea
,
and
60
miles
from
Narbonne
to
the
East
.
The
Episcopal
See
of
Maguelonne
,
depending
on
the
Metropolitan
of
Narbonne
,
was
translated
hither
under
the
Popedom
of
Paul
III
.
in
the
Year
1536.
An
University
for
the
Study
of
Physick
,
one
of
the
most
famous
throughout
Europe
,
was
founded
here
(
as
they
say
)
by
the
Disciples
of
Averroes
ahd
Avicenna
,
A.
D.
1196.
and
re-established
in
1220.
Besides
a
Law
Academy
,
a
Colledge
of
Jesuits
,
a
Court
of
Aides
,
a
Chamber
of
Aides
,
a
Chamber
of
Accounts
,
a
Generality
and
a
Chamber
of
the
Treasures
of
France
,
a
Seneschals
Court
,
a
Presidial
,
a
Chamber
of
the
lesser
Seal
,
and
a
Royal
Court
of
ordinary
Justice
.
This
City
is
also
adorn'd
with
divers
stately
Edifices
,
viz.
The
Hall
of
Justice
or
Sessions-house
,
the
Churches
of
S.
Peter
and
the
Virgin
Mary
;
and
a
strong
Citadel
,
flanked
with
four
Royal
Bastions
:
The
King's
Physick
Garden
,
without
the
Town
,
and
other
Curiosities
,
that
deserve
well
to
be
view'd
by
Travellers
.
The
Inhabitants
are
employed
in
making
of
Treacle
,
Verdegrease
,
white
Wax
,
Silk
,
and
other
sorts
of
Manufactures
.
James
III
.
the
Son
of
Sanchez
,
King
of
Majorca
,
sold
the
City
of
Montpellier
to
King
Philip
of
Valois
,
A.
D.
1349.
for
the
Sum
of
26000
Crowns
of
Gold
.
The
French
Protestants
made
themselves
Masters
of
it
in
1561.
but
Lewis
XIII
.
took
it
from
them
after
a
vigorous
Defence
on
the
20th
Day
of
October
,
A.
D.
1622.
GEVAUDAN
or
GIVAUDAN
,
Gabalensis
,
Ager
,
hath
Vivarais
and
Velay
for
its
Eastern
bounds
;
the
Diocesses
of
Nimes
and
Usez
on
the
South
,
R●uergue
on
the
West
,
and
the
upper
Avergne
on
the
North
.
This
Country
hath
been
some
time
possessed
by
certain
particular
Counts
,
&
is
very
fruitful
,
although
encompased
with
Mountains
.
The
Towns
of
chiefest
note
are
these
-
Mende
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Marvejou
.
-
Florac
.
-
Baignols
.
-
La
Canourge
.
-
Randon
,
&c.
MENDE
,
Mimatum
,
seu
Mimate
Gebalorum
,
is
situated
in
a
Valley
,
surrounded
with
the
Mountains
of
Cevennes
,
near
the
Source
of
the
River
Lot
,
70
miles
North
from
Montpellier
,
20
from
the
Borders
of
Auvergne
,
and
50
from
the
River
Rhone
.
Some
Authors
make
this
the
ancient
Anderitum
or
Gabalum
;
but
the
Village
Javoux
,
4
Leagues
hence
,
seems
rather
to
have
been
that
,
and
that
this
grew
out
of
its
ruins
,
having
been
at
first
only
a
Village
or
Hamlet
.
It
is
now
a
good
City
,
the
See
of
a
Prelate
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
A
by
.
The
Bishop
hath
the
Title
of
a
Count
,
possesseth
the
Lordship
of
the
Mannor
together
with
the
King
,
having
also
enjoy'd
in
time
past
a
Privilege
of
Coining
Money
.
This
City
is
beautified
with
divers
fair
Churches
,
a
stately
Episcopal
Palace
,
&c.
VIVARAIS
,
Vivariensis
Provincia
,
was
the
Country
of
the
ancient
Helvii
,
and
is
now
part
of
that
of
Gevennes
,
lying
between
Languedoc
proper
on
the
South
,
Givaudan
on
the
West
,
Forets
and
Velay
on
the
North
,
and
the
River
Rhone
on
the
East
.
It
is
extended
from
North
to
South
,
the
space
of
about
60
miles
,
and
from
East
to
West
about
40
miles
,
being
divided
into
two
Parts
,
viz.
The
Upper
and
Lower
,
and
comprehending
these
Principal
Cities
and
Towns
,
viz.
-
Viviers
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Tournon
.
-
Annonay
.
-
Aubenas
.
-
Privas
.
-
Joyeuse
.
-
L'argentiere
.
-
Uzes
,
Bish
.
-
Pont
S.
Esprit
.
-
Ville-neuve-lez
Avignon
-
Ville-neuve
de
Berg
.
-
Seriere
.
-
le
Bourg
,
&c.
VIVIERS
,
Vivario
seu
Vivarium
,
is
seated
on
a
Hill
and
the
Banks
of
the
River
Rhone
,
over-against
the
Province
of
Dauphine
,
about
60
miles
North
from
Montpellier
,
and
55
miles
South
from
Lyons
.
It
was
at
first
only
a
Village
,
and
in
process
of
time
grew
up
into
a
large
City
,
out
of
the
Ruins
of
Abs
or
Abba
Helviorum
,
which
was
destroy'd
by
Crocus
King
of
the
Germans
;
and
that
Episcopal
See
was
remov'd
thither
about
A.
C.
430.
The
Bishop
is
styled
Count
of
Viviers
and
Prince
of
Donsere
,
Chateau-Neuf
,
&c.
Uzes
,
Ucetia
,
is
the
capitol
City
of
a
Country
,
thence
so
called
,
and
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
and
an
Episcopal
See
,
depending
on
the
Metropolitan
of
Narbonne
.
It
is
distant
12
miles
from
Nimes
to
the
North
,
30
from
Viviers
to
the
South
,
and
20
from
Avignon
to
the
West
.
On
the
Road
between
this
City
and
that
of
Nimes
is
to
be
seen
the
stately
Bridge
of
Guard
,
built
over
the
River
Gardon
between
two
Mountains
,
that
are
thereby
joyned
together
;
and
indeed
its
Structure
is
admirable
,
as
consisting
in
three
Stories
of
Arches
one
above
another
,
the
last
of
which
was
an
Aqueduct
.
Pont
S.
Esprit
,
a
small
City
with
a
good
Castle
,
and
a
Stone-Bridge
over
the
Rhone
,
is
seated
on
the
borders
of
the
Vivarais
,
and
at
the
confluence
of
the
Ardosche
with
the
Rhone
,
20
miles
from
Usez
to
the
North
,
and
15
from
Viviers
to
the
South
.
VELAY
,
Velaunia
,
lies
between
Vivarais
on
the
East
,
Forets
on
the
North
,
Auvergne
on
the
West
,
and
and
Givaudan
on
the
South
.
It
is
divided
into
two
parts
by
the
Mountains
of
Mezeres
,
Pertuis
and
Meigal
,
all
cover'd
with
Woods
,
and
comprehends
these
Town●
.
viz.
-
Puy
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Mont-Falcon
.
-
S.
Didier
.
-
S.
Paulhan
.
-
Solignac
.
-
Alegre
,
&c.
PUY
,
or
PUYEN
VELAY
,
Podium
,
olim
Vellanorum
Urbs
&
Anicium
,
stands
on
a
Mountain
,
near
the
Rivers
Loire
and
Borne
,
at
the
distance
of
2
Leagues
from
the
ancient
Town
of
Ruesium
,
now
the
Village
of
S.
Paulhan
,
out
of
the
Ruins
whereof
it
took
its
rise
,
also
50
miles
from
Viviers
to
the
North-west
,
60
from
Lyons
to
the
South-west
,
and
not
above
10
from
the
borders
of
Auvergne
.
It
is
a
fair
,
large
,
well-built
City
,
and
an
Episcopal
See
,
which
depends
immediately
on
that
of
Rome
,
not
being
subject
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
any
Metropolitan
.
The
Cathedral
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
is
an
Ancient
and
Noble
Pile
of
Building
,
but
more
especially
famous
for
the
concourse
of
Pilgrims
and
other
devout
Persons
,
frequently
resorting
thereto
.
Here
are
also
divers
Parochial
Churches
and
a
great
number
of
Monasteries
.
The
Bishop
is
Count
of
Velay
,
and
formerly
had
a
Privilege
to
Coin
Money
:
He
administers
Justice
together
with
the
Kings
Seneschal
,
who
hath
his
Seat
here
.
Languedoc
hath
for
its
Governour
General
,
the
Duke
du
Main
,
Prince
of
Dombes
;
and
the
Duke
of
Noailles
Commander
in
chief
for
the
King
,
who
hath
a
Lieutenant
General
.
Here
are
also
3
Lieutenant
Generals
,
1
for
the
Upper
Languedoc
,
who
resides
at
Thoulouse
.
2.
For
the
Lower
,
residing
at
Montpellier
:
And
3.
for
Vivarois
at
Pont
S.
Esprit
.
There
are
also
the
Seneschal
of
Nimes
,
the
Seneschal
and
Governour
of
Thoulous
and
Albigeois
,
the
Seneschal
of
the
Country
of
Foix
,
Carcassonne
,
Besiers
and
Limoux
.
A
Governor
of
the
Country
of
Foix
,
3
Bailiffs
of
Velay
,
Givaudan
and
Vivarais
:
and
particular
Governours
in
Montpellier
,
Nimes
,
Pont
S.
Esprit
,
Narbonne
,
Carcassone
,
Fort
of
Brescon
,
Egde
,
du
Puy
,
&c.
And
in
Roussilion
the
Duke
Noailles
is
Governor
General
.
There
is
also
a
Lieutenant
General
and
particular
Governors
in
Perpignan
,
and
six
other
Places
on
the
Frontiers
.
CHAP.
XII
.
PROVENCE
,
Provincia
.
THIS
Province
,
which
bears
the
Title
of
a
County
,
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
Piedmont
,
and
the
River
Var
;
on
the
South
by
the
Mediterranean
Sea
,
on
the
West
by
the
River
Rhone
,
that
separates
it
from
Languedoc
,
and
on
the
North
by
Dauphine
,
being
extended
between
the
42
Degree
30
Minutes
,
and
the
44
Degree
6
Minutes
of
Latitude
,
as
also
between
the
22
Degree
30
Minutes
,
and
the
25
Degree
40
Minutes
of
Longitude
,
which
space
comprehends
100
English
Miles
from
South
to
North
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
the
Cape
of
Cenchiech
almost
as
far
as
Talard
in
Dauphine
,
and
from
West
to
East
,
viz.
From
the
River
Rhone
to
the
River
Var
,
130
Miles
.
PROVENCE
was
the
first
part
of
Gaul
that
the
Romans
got
Footing
in
,
and
was
therefore
called
the
Province
of
the
Romans
.
In
the
Division
by
Augustus
,
this
was
the
Gallia
Narbonnensis
secunda
.
It
was
afterwards
possess'd
by
the
Goths
:
And
under
the
French
it
was
part
of
the
Kingdom
of
Arles
or
Burgundy
.
Afterwards
cut
off
from
that
,
and
govern'd
by
its
own
Counts
for
about
400
Years
,
till
the
Year
1481
,
when
Charles
the
last
Earl
of
Provence
bequeathed
it
to
Lewis
XI
.
King
of
France
.
The
Air
is
somewhat
cold
in
the
Upper
Provence
,
by
reason
of
the
Mountains
,
but
the
Country
affords
Corn
,
Wine
,
Almonds
,
Apples
,
Pears
,
and
Fish
,
as
also
very
good
Pasture
for
Cattle
,
&c.
In
the
Lower
Prove●ce
,
along
the
Sea-Coasts
,
it
is
hot
,
and
hath
little
Winter
,
except
when
the
North
Winds
blow
.
The
Soil
here
is
very
Fertile
,
and
produces
abundance
of
Corn
,
Grapes
,
Olives
,
Figs
,
Oranges
,
Limons
,
Citrons
,
Pomegranates
,
Apricocks
,
Plums
,
Almonds
,
Apples
,
Pears
,
&c.
Divers
sorts
of
excellent
Fish
are
taken
out
of
the
Sea
,
especially
Tunnies
.
The
principal
Rivers
of
these
Territories
are
the
Rhone
,
the
Durance
,
the
Verdon
,
the
Hubay
,
the
Vrgens
,
the
Var
,
the
Arc
,
&c.
The
most
considerable
Gulphs
are
those
of
Marseille
,
Hyeres
,
Grimaut
and
Lerins
,
between
the
Crau
and
the
Durance
;
besides
a
great
number
of
Lakes
and
Ponds
.
Provence
is
usually
divided
into
the
Upper
,
Middle
and
Lower
;
however
,
its
several
Parts
may
be
better
distinguish'd
by
the
Diocesses
,
as
they
are
placed
in
the
ensuing
Table
.
Provence
divided
into
18
Parts
or
Diocesses
,
viz.
The
Diocess
of
Aix
,
|
Aix
,
Archb.
Cap.
|
Riez
,
|
Riez
,
Bish
.
|
Senez
,
|
Senez
,
Bish
.
|
Digne
,
|
Digne
,
Bish
.
|
Arles
,
|
Arles
,
Archbish
.
|
Marseille
,
|
Marseille
,
Bish
.
|
Toulon
,
|
Toulon
,
Bish
.
|
Frejus
,
|
Frejus
,
Bish
.
|
Grace
,
|
Grace
,
Bish
.
|
Vence
,
|
Vence
,
Bish
.
|
G●andeve
,
|
Glandeve
,
Bish
.
|
Sisteron
,
|
Sisteron
,
Bish
.
|
Apt
,
|
Apt
,
Bish
.
|
County
of
Venaissin
,
|
Avignon
,
Archb.
Cap.
|
Principality
of
Orange
,
|
Orange
.
|
The
Islands
in
4
,
viz.
|
of
Martegue
,
|
Martegue
,
|
of
Stecades
,
|
Ribaudon
,
|
of
Lerins
,
|
S.
Margaret
,
|
of
Chateau-d'If
,
|
Chateau-d'If
.
|
The
Diocess
of
AIX
,
Aquensis
Diaecesia
,
is
extended
along
the
Banks
of
the
River
Durance
,
and
includes
these
chief
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Aix
,
Archbish
.
Cap.
-
S.
Maximin
,
-
Brignole
,
-
Barjols
,
-
Peyrols
,
-
S.
Paul
,
-
Alenson
,
&c.
AIX
,
Aquae-sextiae
,
the
Metropolis
of
Provence
,
is
seated
in
a
Plain
at
the
Foot
of
the
Hill
of
S.
Eutropius
,
and
near
the
Rivulet
of
Arc
,
20
miles
from
Marseille
to
the
North
,
50
from
the
Confines
of
Dauphine
to
the
South
,
80
from
Monpellier
,
and
about
40
from
Arles
to
the
East
,
and
90
from
Nice
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
large
,
well
built
and
very
ancient
City
,
as
deriving
its
Name
from
the
Bagnios
that
were
erected
by
Caius
Sextus
,
who
brought
hither
a
Roman
Colony
.
It
was
formerly
the
usual
Place
of
Residence
of
the
Counts
of
Province
,
and
at
present
the
See
of
an
Archbishop
,
being
also
honoured
with
a
Parliament
,
a
Chamber
of
Accounts
,
a
Court
of
Aids
,
a
Generalty
,
a
Treasury-Chamber
,
the
principal
Seat
of
the
Grand
Seneschal
of
Provence
,
and
that
of
the
ordinary
Judge
,
and
another
Magistrate
appointed
by
the
King
,
called
the
Vignier
.
This
City
was
heretofore
sacked
by
the
Lombards
,
and
afterwards
by
the
Saracens
;
but
it
hath
been
since
well
repaired
and
much
enlarged
,
so
that
it
may
be
justly
esteemed
as
one
of
the
Noblest
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
Cathedral
bears
the
Name
of
S.
Saviour
,
and
is
adorn'd
with
a
high
Tower
,
built
in
Form
of
a
Hexagon
:
The
Baptistery
is
an
admirable
Structure
,
being
adorn'd
with
Pillars
standing
round
about
the
Fonts
,
which
support
a
Dome
over
them
.
The
Chapel
of
Nostre
Dame
de
Grace
is
extreamly
rich
.
Here
are
also
two
Parochial
Churches
,
viz.
of
S.
Magdalen
and
the
Holy
Ghost
,
several
Monasteries
,
a
College
of
Jesuits
,
&c.
The
Diocess
of
RIEZ
,
Reiensis
Episcopatus
,
lies
toward
the
Spring-head
of
the
River
Verdun
,
and
comprehends
these
Principal
Towns
,
viz.
-
Riez
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Valensole
,
-
Oreson
,
-
La
Palu
,
-
Montpesat
,
&c.
RIEZ
,
Reii
,
Reii
Apollinari
&
Regium
,
is
situated
in
a
Fruitful
Country
on
the
Rivulet
of
Auvertre
,
about
35
miles
from
Aix
to
the
South-East
,
45
from
Toulon
to
the
North
,
and
as
many
from
the
Frontiers
of
Dauphine
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
small
City
,
but
well
built
,
and
hath
been
very
considerable
in
the
Time
of
the
Romans
,
as
appears
from
divers
Inscriptitions
and
other
Monuments
of
Antiquity
found
here
.
The
Bishop
is
also
Temporal
Lord
of
the
Mannor
and
and
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Aix
.
The
Diocess
of
SENEZ
,
Saniciensis
Diaecesis
,
lies
along
the
Banks
of
the
Verdun
,
and
contains
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Senez
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Castelane
.
-
Baremme
,
-
Colmars
,
-
Mervoiles
,
&c.
SENEZ
,
Sanitium
aut
Senecium
,
is
a
City
below
the
Mountains
,
of
a
very
small
compass
,
not
much
inhabited
,
and
now
almost
reduc'd
to
a
Village
,
nevertheless
it
retains
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Ambrun
,
although
its
Bishop
generally
resides
at
Castelane
,
a
fair
Town
on
the
Rivet
Verdun
,
from
whence
it
is
distant
10
miles
to
the
N.
20
from
Riez
to
the
N.
E.
and
about
40
from
Ambrun
to
the
S.
The
Cathedral
Church
bears
the
Name
of
the
Assumption
of
the
Virgin
Mary
;
and
the
Chapter
,
which
had
been
formerly
of
the
Augustine
Order
,
was
seculariz'd
by
Pope
Innocent
X.
A.
D.
1647.
Colmars
,
Colmartium
,
sive
Collis
Martii
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
Verdun
,
near
the
Alps
and
the
Confines
of
the
County
of
Nice
,
and
20
miles
from
Digne
.
It
is
a
well
Fortified
Town
,
but
sustain'd
much
Damage
by
a
great
Fire
,
which
happen'd
therein
,
A.
D.
1672.
In
the
Diocess
of
Digne
,
Diniensis
Diaecesis
,
which
is
likewise
bounded
by
the
River
Verdun
,
are
contained
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Digne
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Mirabel
,
-
Brusquet
,
-
Collobrieux
,
-
Verdaches
,
-
S.
Seine
,
&c.
DIGNE
,
Dinia
,
is
seated
at
the
Foot
of
the
Mountains
in
the
Upper
Provence
,
on
the
River
Bleone
,
which
there
receives
a
Brook
of
hot
Waters
,
at
the
distance
of
15
miles
from
Senez
to
the
N.
and
25
from
the
Frontiers
of
Dauphine
to
the
S.
It
was
heretofore
the
Capital
City
of
the
Sentii
,
and
is
at
present
the
Seat
of
a
Prelate
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Ambrun
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
and
the
Chapter
was
sometime
Regular
of
the
Augustine
Order
.
The
Diocess
or
Archbishoprick
of
ARLES
,
Arelatensis
Diaecesis
,
is
extended
along
the
Sea-coasts
,
and
the
Banks
of
the
River
Rhone
,
comprehending
these
chief
Towns
,
viz.
-
Arles
,
Archb.
Cap.
-
Salon
,
-
Les
Beaux
,
-
Berre
,
&c.
ARLES
,
Arelate
&
Arelatum
,
is
situated
on
the
Eastern
Bank
of
the
River
Rhone
,
over
which
it
hath
a
Bridge
of
Timber
,
40
miles
from
Aix
to
the
West
,
and
as
many
from
Montpellier
,
and
in
the
mid-way
between
Avignon
to
the
South
and
the
Mediterranean
Sea
.
The
Romans
establish'd
their
Sixth
Colony
in
this
City
,
and
caused
the
General
Assemblies
of
the
Six
neighbouring
Provinces
to
be
held
annually
here
.
Many
Marks
of
its
ancient
Grandeur
have
been
discover'd
,
as
the
Remains
of
an
Amphitheatre
,
several
Statues
and
Tombs
,
but
especially
a
Roman
Obelisk
of
Oriental
Granate
Stone
(
a
piece
much
admired
by
the
Curious
.
)
It
is
52
Foot
high
and
7
Foot
Diameter
at
the
Base
,
and
yet
but
one
Stone
.
It
hath
been
erected
not
many
Years
since
,
and
makes
a
very
agreeable
shew
to
Travellers
.
This
was
the
Capital
of
the
Kingdom
of
Burgundy
,
and
is
at
present
a
very
fair
and
large
City
,
dignified
with
a
Metropolitan
See
,
and
a
Royal
Academy
for
Languages
lately
established
.
The
Emperors
at
several
times
granted
great
Privileges
to
it
;
which
though
it
hath
been
deprived
of
by
its
Princes
,
yet
still
hath
a
Territory
of
30
Miles
extent
,
depending
on
it
;
which
is
the
Islands
made
by
the
three
Branches
of
the
Rhone
,
call'd
Camargue
,
and
the
Crau
or
Campi
Lapidei
of
Strabo
and
Plin●
,
which
is
a
large
Country
covered
with
Stones
,
and
reaches
from
the
Rhone
to
the
Mer
de
Martigne
,
a
small
Bay
between
that
and
Marseilles
.
Salon
or
Salon
de
Crau
,
Salona
aut
Salum
,
is
the
chief
Town
of
the
Crau
abovemention'd
,
and
is
situated
25
Miles
from
Arles
to
the
East
,
about
20
from
Aix
to
the
West
,
and
5
or
6
from
the
Bay
of
Martigues
to
the
North
.
This
Town
is
adorn'd
with
an
old
Castle
,
a
Collegiate
Church
and
divers
Monasteries
,
and
was
the
Place
of
the
Nativity
of
the
Famous
Michael
Nostradamus
,
who
also
died
there
in
the
year
1566.
The
Diocess
of
MARSEILLE
,
Massiliensis
Diaecesis
,
lies
along
the
Sea-coasts
,
and
hath
these
considerable
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Marseille
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Aubagne
,
-
Sainte
Beaume
,
-
La
Cicutat
,
-
Oriol
,
-
Cassis
,
-
Olliols
,
&c.
MARSEILLE
,
Massiiia
,
is
seated
on
a
little
Hill
,
and
hath
a
very
capacious
and
safe
Harbour
on
the
Coasts
of
the
Mediterranean
Sea
,
at
the
distance
of
20
miles
from
Aix
to
the
South
,
and
40
from
Arles
to
the
South-East
.
This
City
was
built
(
as
it
is
suppos'd
)
by
the
Phenicians
,
and
flourish'd
in
the
time
of
Julius
Caesar
,
when
it
was
govern'd
in
Form
of
a
Republick
,
and
had
a
Famous
Academy
much
frequented
by
the
young
Gentlemen
of
France
,
and
even
of
Rome
it self
.
The
Inhabitants
acquir'd
much
Reputation
in
former
Times
on
the
account
of
their
Learning
and
Courteousness
(
according
to
the
Testimony
of
Cicero
)
but
now
they
excel
chiefly
in
the
knowledge
of
Maritime
Affairs
;
for
many
of
the
Capital
Gallies
of
France
ride
at
Anchor
in
the
Haven
of
Marseille
,
and
it
is
the
usual
place
of
Rendezvous
of
their
Levantine
Ships
.
The
Port
,
which
is
defended
on
one
side
by
a
Fortress
and
the
Abbey
of
S.
Victor
,
is
flanked
on
the
other
with
a
Wall
above
1300
Paces
long
,
its
Mouth
being
shut
up
with
a
Chain
lying
at
a
certain
distance
on
three
different
Pillars
of
Stone
,
leaving
a
space
open
for
the
passage
only
of
one
large
Vessel
.
The
City
it self
at
present
enjoys
great
Privileges
,
and
is
one
of
the
largest
,
fairest
and
most
populous
of
the
Kingdom
,
more
especially
since
it
hath
been
enlarg'd
by
the
Order
of
the
present
French
King
Lewis
XIV
.
so
that
its
Citadels
,
new
Streets
,
publick
Places
,
stately
Edifices
,
magnificent
Churches
,
Monasteries
,
Colleges
,
Seminaries
,
Hospitals
,
Courts
of
Judicature
,
Haven
,
Arsenel
,
Gallies
,
&c.
are
well
worth
a
Stranger's
particular
Observation
.
The
Episcopal
See
of
Marseille
,
formerly
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Vienne
,
now
depends
on
that
of
Arles
.
The
Inhabitants
heretofore
often
maintain'd
Wars
against
the
Gauls
,
Ligurians
,
Carthaginians
,
and
divers
other
Nations
,
but
their
City
was
taken
by
Julius
Caesar
,
afterward
became
a
prey
to
the
Goths
and
other
barbarous
People
,
and
was
likewise
surpriz'd
by
Alfonsus
King
of
Arragon
,
in
the
year
1423.
However
,
having
been
afterwards
well
repair'd
,
it
resisted
the
Forces
of
Charles
of
Bourbon
,
in
1524.
and
those
of
the
Emperor
Charles
V.
in
1536.
It
was
for
some
time
subject
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
certain
particular
Viscounts
,
as
also
to
that
of
the
Counts
of
Provence
,
Anno
1243.
and
at
length
was
united
to
the
Crown
of
France
,
together
with
the
whole
Country
,
in
1481.
Aubagne
,
Aubanca
,
is
a
fair
Town
,
wherein
the
Assemblies
of
the
States
of
the
Province
are
often
convened
.
It
is
distant
only
10
miles
from
Marseille
to
the
East
,
and
15
from
Aix
to
the
South
.
The
Diocess
of
TOULON
,
Telonensis
Diaecesis
,
is
likewise
extended
along
the
Coasts
of
the
Mediterranean
Sea
,
and
includes
within
its
bounds
these
considerable
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Toulon
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Hyeres
,
-
Lanary
,
-
Sifours
,
-
Bormes
,
-
Pierre-Fuec
,
&c.
TOULON
,
Telo
,
aut
Telo
Martius
,
Tolonium
&
Tolemium
,
is
situated
in
a
plain
Fruitful
Country
,
and
on
a
Bay
which
makes
a
very
safe
,
large
and
commodious
Harbour
on
the
Coasts
of
the
Mediterranean
Sea
,
at
the
distance
of
30
miles
East
from
Marseille
by
Land
,
75
miles
from
Nice
to
the
West
,
90
from
the
Borders
of
Dauphine
to
the
South
,
and
400
miles
from
Paris
.
It
is
a
very
fair
,
strong
and
well-built
City
,
being
adorn'd
with
many
stately
Churches
,
Monasteries
,
and
other
publick
Edifices
.
King
Henry
IV
.
fortified
it
with
strong
Walls
,
and
built
two
large
Moles
,
each
whereof
is
700
Paces
long
,
enclosing
almost
the
whole
Port
;
near
them
is
also
erected
an
Arsenal
furnished
with
all
sorts
of
Naval
Stores
,
whence
the
largest
Ships
of
the
Royal
Fleet
of
France
are
usually
fitted
out
.
And
for
their
Security
the
Fortifications
have
been
much
encreased
by
the
present
King
.
Hieres
,
Hierrum
,
Areae
&
Olbia
,
is
a
small
Town
on
the
Coasts
,
about
10
miles
from
Toulon
to
the
East
,
and
over
against
the
Islands
Stechades
,
to
which
it
hath
given
their
modern
Name
,
on
which
account
only
this
Town
is
mentioned
,
being
not
otherwise
considerable
.
The
Diocess
of
FREJUS
,
Foro-Juliensis
Diaecesis
,
lies
to
the
East
of
that
of
Toulon
,
and
contains
these
chief
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Frejus
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
S.
Tropez
,
-
Draguiguan
,
-
Aulps
,
-
Caillon
,
&c.
FREJUS
,
Foro-Julium
aut
Forum
Julii
,
is
seated
in
a
Valley
amidst
the
Marshes
near
the
mouth
of
the
Riuer
Argens
,
and
distant
only
half
a
League
from
the
Sea-coasts
,
40
miles
from
Toulon
to
the
North-East
,
and
60
from
Aix
to
the
East
.
This
City
was
heretofore
very
considerable
,
and
there
yet
remain
therein
divers
Monuments
of
Antiquity
.
It
hath
also
at
present
a
capacious
Harbour
,
and
is
dignified
with
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Aix
.
S.
Tropez
,
Fanum
S.
Tropetis
,
is
a
small
but
strong
Town
on
the
Gulph
of
Grimaut
,
and
hath
in
like
manner
a
large
Haven
5
Leagues
from
Frejus
to
the
S.
and
35
miles
from
Toulon
to
the
E.
The
Diocess
of
GRASSE
,
Grassentis
Diaecesis
,
is
situated
on
the
Coasts
to
the
North-East
of
that
of
Frejus
,
comprehending
these
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Grasse
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Antibes
,
-
Canes
,
-
Le
Bart
,
&c.
GRASSE
,
Grassa
,
is
a
very
populous
and
rich
City
seated
on
a
Hill
2
Leagues
from
the
Sea
,
20
Miles
from
Frejus
to
the
North
,
and
20
from
Nice
to
the
East
.
The
Episcopal
See
of
Antibes
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Ambrun
,
was
removed
hither
by
Pope
Innocent
IV
.
A.
D.
1250.
by
the
reason
of
the
unwholsomness
of
the
Air
of
that
Place
,
and
the
Incursions
of
Pyrates
.
Besides
the
Cathedral
,
there
are
divers
other
Churches
,
and
a
great
number
of
Monasteries
,
&c.
Antibes
,
Antipolis
seu
Antipolis
Julia
Augusta
,
was
formerly
the
Seat
of
a
Prelate
,
and
is
at
present
well
Fortified
with
a
Castle
,
and
hath
a
convenient
Harbout
,
about
3
Leagues
from
Nice
to
the
West
,
and
20
miles
from
Frejus
to
the
North-East
.
The
Diocess
of
VENCE
,
Vensiensis
Diaecesis
,
lies
to
the
North-East
of
that
of
Grasse
,
and
hath
these
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Vence
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
S.
Paul
,
-
S.
Laurence
,
-
Le
Bec
,
&c.
VENCE
,
Vincium
,
Vintium
,
Vensiensis
Urbs
&
Vencium
,
is
situated
on
the
maritime
Alps
at
the
distance
of
5
or
6
miles
from
the
River
Var
,
about
12
miles
from
Grasse
to
the
N.
E.
and
as
many
from
Nice
to
the
N.
W.
This
City
is
of
a
small
compass
,
although
very
ancient
,
as
having
been
a
Roman
Colony
:
and
its
Episcopal
See
depending
on
the
Metropolitan
of
Ambrun
,
was
formerly
united
to
that
of
Grasse
,
but
hath
been
lately
separated
from
it
.
The
Cathedral
is
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
and
S.
Eusebius
was
its
first
Prelate
.
Moreover
,
the
Civil
Jurisdiction
of
the
City
and
Lordship
of
the
Mannor
,
is
divided
between
the
Bishop
and
the
Baron
of
Vence
,
viz.
The
Diocess
of
GLANDEVE
,
Glandatensis
Diaecesis
,
is
extended
along
the
Banks
of
the
River
Var
,
and
comprehends
these
principal
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Glandeve
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Entrevaux
,
-
Guilleumes
,
-
Annot
.
-
Lupene
.
GLANDEVE
,
Glandata
,
Glandate
&
Glanateve
Capillatorum
,
was
built
near
the
Banks
of
the
Var
,
and
formerly
bore
the
Title
of
a
County
,
as
also
of
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Ambrun
;
but
at
present
there
remains
only
a
Fortress
erected
on
a
Hill
,
the
City
it self
being
ruined
:
For
about
800
years
ago
,
the
continual
overflowing
of
the
River
obliged
the
Inhabitants
to
settle
elsewhere
,
more-especially
at
the
Town
of
Entrevaux
,
where
the
Bishop
now
resides
.
This
City
hath
imparted
its
name
to
the
Family
of
the
Glandeves
,
one
of
the
most
illustrious
of
Provence
,
which
in
the
X.
Century
re-established
the
Bishoprick
,
after
it
had
been
abolished
by
the
Saracens
.
Entrevaux
,
Intervallium
&
Intervalles
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Var
,
at
the
Foot
of
the
Mountains
,
on
the
very
Limits
of
the
Dutchy
of
Savoy
and
County
of
Nice
,
at
the
distance
only
of
one
mile
from
the
Ruins
of
the
City
of
Glandeve
,
16
from
Vence
to
the
N.
W.
and
30
from
Digne
to
the
E.
The
Diocess
of
SISTERON
,
Segusterensis
Diaecesis
,
lies
to
the
North
,
and
contains
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Sisteron
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Forcalquier
,
County
,
-
Manosque
,
-
Brelhane
,
&c.
SISTERON
,
Segustero
,
Segesterorum
Urbs
&
Sistarica
,
is
watered
by
the
River
Durance
,
which
there
receives
the
Brook
Buech
,
and
stands
near
the
Borders
of
Dauphine
,
50
miles
North
from
Aix
,
and
40
North-west
from
Glandeve
.
It
was
heretofore
dignified
with
a
Title
of
a
County
,
and
is
as
yet
a
large
well
built
City
,
and
the
See
of
a
Prelate
Suffragan
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Aix
.
A
Seneschal's
Court
hath
been
established
in
this
City
ever
since
the
year
,
1635.
Forcalquier
,
Forcalquerium
olim
Forum
Neronis
,
the
chief
Town
of
a
County
of
the
same
Name
stands
on
a
Hill
,
and
the
side
of
the
Rivulet
Laye
,
in
the
midst
between
Sisteron
to
the
N.
E.
and
Apt
to
the
S.
W.
about
2
Leagues
from
the
River
Durance
.
Manosque
,
Manuasca
,
is
a
small
but
fair
Town
on
the
River
Durance
,
subject
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Knights
of
Malta
,
and
distant
20
miles
from
Reis
to
the
W.
25
from
Aix
to
the
N.
and
about
12
from
Forcalquier
to
the
S.
The
Diocess
of
APT
,
Aptensis
Diaecesis
,
is
situated
on
the
Frontiers
of
the
County
of
Venaissio
,
and
includes
in
its
bounds
these
Towns
,
-
Apt
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Saut
,
-
S.
Sevarnin
,
-
Simiane
.
APT
,
Apta
,
seu
Apta
Julia
Vulgantium
,
is
a
small
City
situate
on
the
River
Coulon
near
the
Mountains
,
at
the
distance
of
25
miles
from
Aix
to
the
N.
as
many
from
Avignon
to
the
E.
and
40
from
Sisteron
to
the
S.
W.
This
City
has
been
heretofore
one
of
the
largest
and
most
illustrious
of
the
Celtae
,
and
was
the
Capital
of
the
Vulgentes
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
.
It
was
likewise
enlarged
by
Julius
Caesar
,
who
made
it
a
Colony
,
and
caused
it
to
bear
his
own
Name
.
The
most
ancient
Prelate
of
this
Diocess
was
S.
Auspicius
Marto
,
and
the
Bishop
at
present
is
the
first
Suffragan
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Aix
,
and
stiled
Prince
of
Apt
,
and
his
Predecessors
have
had
a
Privilege
to
coin
Money
.
In
the
Cathedral
of
S.
Anne
,
and
the
Church
of
the
Cordeliers
,
are
preserved
a
great
number
of
Relicks
.
The
County
of
VENAISSIN
,
Vindascinus
aut
Vindauscensis
Comitatus
,
is
bounded
on
the
E.
by
Provence
,
on
the
N.
by
Dauphine
,
on
the
S.
by
the
River
Durance
,
and
on
the
W.
by
the
River
Rhone
,
which
divides
it
from
Languedoc
,
being
extended
from
S.
to
N.
for
the
space
of
about
35
miles
,
and
30
from
W.
to
E.
This
Country
took
its
Name
(
as
it
is
believed
)
from
Venesque
,
formerly
its
Capital
City
,
and
was
granted
by
Joanna
Queen
of
Naples
and
Countess
of
Provence
,
to
Pope
Clement
VI
.
A.
D.
1348.
ever
since
which
time
it
hath
been
possessed
by
his
Successors
,
together
with
the
adjacent
City
of
Avignon
,
comprehending
an
Archbishop
,
3
Bishopricks
,
4
Baronies
,
and
78
Towns
and
Villages
;
the
chief
whereof
are
these
,
viz.
-
Avignon
,
Arch.
Cap.
-
Carpentras
,
Bish
.
-
Cavaillon
,
Bish
.
-
Vaison
,
Bish
.
-
Miolans
,
-
L'
I
le
.
-
Pont
de
sorgue
,
-
Vencluse
,
-
Fontaine
,
-
Boulenes
.
AVIGNON
,
Avenio
,
is
situated
on
the
River
Rhone
,
over
which
stands
a
Stone-bridge
now
half
ruin'd
,
at
the
distance
of
25
miles
from
S.
Esprit
to
the
South
,
20
from
Arles
to
the
North
,
and
45
from
Aix
to
the
Nor-West
.
It
is
a
large
and
flourishing
City
,
a
Place
of
good
Trade
,
which
consists
chiefly
in
Silks
manufactur'd
here
,
erected
into
a
Metropolitan
See
under
the
Pontificate
of
Sixtus
V.
in
the
year
1475.
having
been
before
subject
to
that
of
Arles
.
It
is
also
adorn'd
with
an
University
,
and
a
Mint-house
for
the
coining
of
Mony
with
the
Arms
of
the
Popes
,
of
whom
seven
have
successively
resided
for
the
space
of
70
years
;
that
is
to
say
,
from
A.
D.
1307
,
to
1377.
viz.
Clement
V.
John
XXII
.
Clement
VI
.
who
purchased
Avignon
of
Q.
Joanna
,
Innocent
VI
.
Urban
V.
and
Gregory
XI
.
who
,
through
the
Persuasion
of
S.
Catharine
of
Sienna
,
brought
back
the
Papal
See
to
Rome
.
Here
are
divers
stately
Palaces
,
and
magnificent
publick
Buildings
.
The
Walls
are
strong
,
the
Churches
stately
,
and
the
Avenues
of
the
City
very
pleasant
.
The
Canons
of
the
Cathedral
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
wear
Scarlet
Robes
,
and
the
Chaplains
others
of
Violet
Colour
.
As
for
the
Civil
Government
of
Avignon
,
it
is
administred
by
Consuls
and
their
Assisters
,
who
is
as
it
were
Chief
Justice
of
the
City
.
The
Viguier
,
an
Officer
like
the
Provost
of
the
Merchants
of
Paris
,
judges
Causes
that
do
not
exceed
the
value
of
four
Ducats
of
Gold
without
Appeal
.
In
greater
Causes
Appeals
lie
to
the
Vice-Legate
,
who
commits
the
Affair
to
the
Court
of
the
Rota
,
where
there
are
five
Auditors
;
and
from
thence
an
Appeal
lies
to
Rome
.
Carpentras
,
Carpentoracte
,
is
watered
by
the
River
Russe
,
and
seated
in
a
very
Fertile
Country
about
12
miles
from
Avignon
to
the
N.
E.
as
many
from
Vaison
to
the
S.
and
somewhat
more
from
Orange
.
It
is
an
Episcopal
See
subject
to
Avignon
.
It
grew
up
out
of
the
Ruins
of
Vindausca
or
Venasque
,
and
is
now
the
Capital
City
of
the
County
of
Venaissin
in
its
room
.
It
is
enclosed
with
strong
Walls
,
and
stands
on
the
Foot
of
Mount
Ventoux
,
which
riseth
up
from
thence
4
Leagues
in
height
.
In
this
City
is
establish'd
a
Court
of
Justice
,
a
Treasury-Office
,
&c.
Cavaillon
,
Cabellio
aut
Caballio
,
is
a
City
of
a
small
compass
now
seated
in
a
Plain
near
the
River
Durance
,
although
it
was
Founded
before
on
an
adjacent
Hill
,
where
its
Ruins
are
as
yet
to
be
seen
.
The
Prelate
of
Gavaillon
is
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Avignon
,
from
whence
it
is
distant
12
miles
to
the
S.
E.
and
15
from
Aix
to
the
N.
W.
Vaison
,
Vasio
,
Vasion
&
Vassionensis
Urbs
,
is
built
on
the
side
of
a
Hill
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Louvese
,
at
the
distance
of
12
miles
from
Carpentras
to
the
N.
as
many
from
Orange
to
the
E.
and
24
from
Avignon
to
the
N.
E.
This
City
was
heretofore
more
considerable
than
at
present
,
and
hath
been
after
ruined
by
the
Goths
,
Vandals
and
Saracens
.
The
Church
of
the
Virgin
Mary
,
reported
to
have
been
formerly
the
Cathedral
,
stands
without
the
City
on
the
Plain
,
and
the
other
within
the
Walls
,
hath
a
Chapter
of
Canons
,
among
whom
are
4
Dignitaries
.
The
Episcopal
See
of
Vaison
is
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Avignon
.
The
Principality
of
ORANGE
,
Arausicanus
Principatus
,
is
enclosed
within
the
Country
of
Venaissin
on
the
E.
and
the
River
Rhone
to
the
W.
being
extended
for
the
space
of
20
miles
in
length
.
This
small
Territory
of
right
appertains
to
the
Illustrious
House
of
Nassaw
,
but
hath
been
unjustly
Usurped
by
the
present
French
King
,
Lewis
XIV
.
on
the
Pretensions
of
the
Family
of
Langueville
.
It
comprehends
the
Capital
City
of
Orange
,
together
with
about
15
other
Towns
and
Villages
,
the
chief
of
which
are
these
,
viz.
-
Orange
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Couriezon
,
-
Jonquieres
,
-
Bigondas
,
ORANGE
,
Aurasio
,
is
situated
near
the
Rivulet
of
Aiguel
and
Maine
,
distant
3
or
4
miles
from
the
River
Rhone
to
the
East
,
12
from
S.
Esprit
to
the
South
,
and
15
from
Avignon
to
the
North
.
It
is
called
Colonia
Secundanonum
by
Pliny
,
in
regard
that
the
Triumviri
,
caused
the
second
Roman
Legion
to
be
brought
hither
.
This
City
hath
been
much
larger
in
time
past
than
at
present
,
as
having
suffer'd
great
damage
through
the
Inroads
of
divers
Barbarous
Nations
:
Of
which
former
Grandeur
,
there
are
evident
marks
in
the
Remains
of
a
Cirque
,
very
artificially
Built
,
an
Amphitheatre
and
a
Triumphant
Arch
almost
entire
,
which
Caius
Marius
and
Luctatius
Catulus
had
erected
after
the
Victory
obtained
of
the
Cimbrians
and
Teutones
,
besides
part
of
a
large
Tower
,
which
some
suppose
to
have
been
a
Temple
of
Diana
,
and
divers
other
remarkable
Monuments
of
Antiquity
.
The
Fortress
which
Maurice
of
Nassaw
Prince
of
Orange
made
so
regular
in
the
year
1622
,
stood
on
a
Hill
,
and
render'd
this
Place
one
of
the
strongest
Holds
of
Europe
;
but
it
was
Ras'd
together
with
the
other
Fortifications
,
in
1660.
The
City
of
Orange
is
the
See
of
a
Prelate
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Arles
,
and
is
also
adorned
with
a
University
,
which
Raymond
V.
Founded
,
A.
D.
1365.
and
a
Parliament
Established
by
William
of
Aralon
,
1470
;
but
the
French
King
suppress'd
the
latter
in
1687
,
and
chang'd
it
into
a
Viguirie
,
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Parliament
of
Aix
.
The
Principality
of
Orange
was
convey'd
by
Marriage
to
John
de
Chalons
of
the
Illustrious
Family
of
Burgundy
,
who
in
the
year
1475
,
became
absolute
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
was
Succeeded
in
it
by
William
,
John
,
and
Philibert
his
Descendants
,
the
last
of
whom
left
an
only
Sister
,
Married
to
Henry
Earl
of
Nassaw
,
A.
1515
,
and
had
Issue
Rene
of
Nassaw
,
who
was
Adopted
by
Philibert
,
and
Succeeded
him
in
this
Estate
,
from
whom
is
Descended
his
present
Majesty
of
Great
Britain
.
The
Island
of
MARTEGUES
,
or
Martigues
,
Maritima
Colonia
,
is
dignified
with
the
title
of
a
Principality
,
and
call'd
by
some
the
Venice
of
France
.
It
is
divided
into
three
Parts
,
viz.
Jonquiers
,
L'Isle
,
and
Forrieres
,
having
a
capacious
and
safe
Harbour
at
the
Mouth
of
the
Gulph
,
named
the
Bay
of
Martigues
,
the
Town
being
situated
on
the
Lake
of
Berre
,
from
whence
divers
deep
Chanels
have
been
cut
to
make
a
Communication
with
the
Sea
,
at
the
distance
of
a
large
quarter
of
a
League
.
Barks
of
the
largest
size
pass
through
these
Ditches
,
to
the
great
advantage
of
Merchants
;
and
the
Towns
are
joyn'd
together
by
Bridges
.
The
Inhabitants
are
very
expert
in
Sailing
on
the
Mediterranean
,
and
admirable
Fisher-men
,
for
they
take
vast
quantities
of
all
sorts
Fishes
in
certain
Huts
made
for
that
purpose
of
Reeds
or
Sea-rushes
,
and
tearmed
Bourdigous
.
This
Town
hath
been
possessed
by
different
Lords
,
especially
the
Viscounts
of
Marseille
,
and
Counts
of
Provence
;
but
at
length
Frances
of
Lorrain
,
Dutchess
of
Merceux
,
Estampes
,
and
Ponthieore
,
as
also
Princess
of
Martigues
,
brought
it
to
the
House
of
Vendome
,
by
her
Marriage
with
Caesar
,
Duke
of
Vendome
,
the
Natural
Son
of
King
Henry
IV
.
&c.
The
Islands
of
STOCHAES
,
or
of
HYERES
,
are
so
called
as
lying
over
against
the
Town
of
this
name
,
between
the
Gulph
of
Grimeur
to
the
E.
and
Thoulon
to
the
W.
Among
these
there
are
three
principal
,
viz.
The
Island
of
Levant
,
or
of
Titan
,
in
Latin
Hypaea
,
toward
the
East
;
that
of
Portcros
in
the
midst
;
and
that
of
Portquerolles
to
the
West
:
Near
to
the
former
are
also
situated
two
other
small
Islands
,
viz.
Ribaudon
and
Ribaudas
,
by
the
Ancients
called
Stirium
and
Phenice
,
on
the
Coasts
between
the
Promontory
or
Cape
of
Hyeres
to
the
North
,
and
the
Isle
of
Portcros
to
the
South
,
besides
those
of
Tele
de
Can
,
Langoustier
,
&c.
In
the
time
of
Cassianus
,
these
Islands
were
inhabited
only
by
Monks
;
and
there
were
some
of
the
Cistercian
Order
under
the
Popedom
of
Innocent
III
.
The
Islands
of
LERINS
,
Insulae
Lerinenses
,
are
two
in
number
,
and
lye
over
against
Cannes
,
near
Antibes
:
The
former
,
call'd
in
Latin
Lero
,
and
commonly
St.
Margaret
,
from
a
Chapel
dedicated
to
this
Saint
,
is
three
quarters
of
a
league
long
,
and
one
broad
,
being
defended
with
five
Forts
and
a
Citadel
,
lately
Fortified
.
The
other
of
S.
Honoratus
Lorina
,
aut
Planatia
,
is
distant
about
two
leagues
of
Antibes
to
the
South
,
and
five
from
Frejus
to
the
East
,
taking
its
name
from
that
Saint
,
who
Founded
a
Famous
Monastery
therein
,
A.C.
375.
and
was
afterward
ordained
Archbishop
of
Arles
.
This
Solitary
Place
hath
been
for
many
Ages
the
Seminary
of
the
Prelates
of
Provence
,
and
the
neighbouring
Churches
,
having
brought
forth
12
Archbishops
,
as
many
Bishops
,
10
Abbots
,
four
Monks
reckon'd
among
the
Confessors
,
and
105
Martyrs
,
together
with
a
great
number
of
other
Illustrious
Personages
.
The
Spaniards
Surpriz'd
these
Islands
in
the
month
of
September
,
A.D.
1635
,
and
cut
down
the
Forest
of
Pine-Trees
,
that
afforded
a
delectable
Shade
during
the
excessive
heat
of
the
Sun
,
and
stood
in
rows
,
at
the
end
whereof
were
built
certain
Oratories
in
honour
of
Abbots
and
Monks
,
who
had
been
Canonized
for
Saints
.
But
those
Spanish
Forces
were
entirely
expell'd
from
thence
in
the
Month
of
May
,
A.
D.
1637.
CHATEAU-D'IF
,
Castrum
Iphium
,
is
a
small
Island
,
rather
Rock
,
encompassed
on
all
sides
with
the
Sea
,
and
defended
by
a
strong
Fortress
,
distant
about
a
quarter
of
a
league
from
Marseilles
,
where
the
very
large
Vessels
ride
at
Anchor
that
cannot
Sail
into
the
Port
for
want
of
a
sufficient
d●pth
of
Water
at
its
entrance
.
There
are
also
some
other
Islands
at
the
mouth
of
the
River
Rhone
,
but
nothing
very
considerable
is
to
be
found
in
them
.
The
Governor
General
of
Provence
is
at
present
the
Duke
of
Vendosme
;
here
is
also
one
Lieutenant-General
,
three
Grand
Seneschals
,
of
Aix
,
Marseille
,
and
of
Arles
;
and
particular
Governments
in
Thoulon
,
Marseilles
,
in
the
Islands
of
Chateau-d'if
,
&c.
In
the
Islands
of
St.
Margaret
,
and
Honoratus
;
in
Antibe
,
&c.
CHAP.
XIII
.
DAUPHINE
,
Delphinatus
.
THIS
Province
is
one
of
the
twelve
principal
Governments
of
France
,
and
bounded
on
the
North
by
Bresse
and
Savoy
,
on
the
East
by
Piemont
and
the
Alps
,
on
the
South
by
Provence
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Rhone
,
which
separates
it
from
Languedoc
and
Lyonnois
.
It
is
situated
between
the
43d
.
deg
.
50
min.
and
the
45
deg
.
46
min.
of
Latitude
;
as
also
between
the
22
deg
.
40
min.
and
the
26
deg
.
of
Longitude
,
comprehending
from
South
to
North
,
about
100
miles
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
beyond
Buis
in
the
Baronies
,
as
far
as
Lanieu
in
Bresse
,
and
130
from
West
to
East
viz.
from
Valence
to
Pignerol
.
Dauphine
was
Conquer'd
by
the
Romans
,
under
whom
it
was
at
first
part
of
Narbonnensis
,
and
afterwards
upon
the
Division
of
Gaul
by
Constantine
,
it
composed
the
Viennensis
.
In
the
declension
of
the
Roman
Empire
the
Burgundians
got
Possession
of
it
,
who
were
again
beaten
out
by
the
French
,
and
by
them
it
was
made
part
of
the
Kingdom
of
Arles
;
and
at
length
became
subject
to
the
Emperors
of
Germany
;
but
during
the
Differences
between
the
Pope
and
the
Emperor
Henry
IV
.
it
was
Usurped
by
Guigne
the
Fat
,
Earl
of
Grisinauden
,
A.
1100
,
whose
Successor
gave
it
the
name
of
Dauphine
,
either
as
some
say
,
from
the
name
of
his
Wife
,
or
as
others
,
from
the
Dolphin
born
in
his
Arms.
In
this
Family
the
Sovereignty
of
this
Province
continued
till
the
time
of
Imbert
,
or
Humbert
II
,
Count
Dauph●n
of
Viennois
,
who
having
lost
one
Son
in
the
Battle
of
Crecy
,
and
unfortunately
let
fall
his
youngest
out
of
a
Window
,
whereof
he
died
;
perceiving
also
that
Amedeo
Count
of
Savoy
,
his
irreconcileable
Enemy
,
insulted
over
his
Calamity
,
sold
his
Country
to
Philip
of
Valois
,
King
of
France
,
for
the
Sum
of
100000
Florins
of
Gold
,
on
condition
that
the
eldest
Son
of
the
French
Monarchs
should
bear
the
name
of
the
Dauphine
,
and
that
his
Arms
should
be
q●arter'd
with
those
of
Dauphine
;
which
Contract
was
ratified
at
Bois
de
Vincennes
,
near
Paris
,
on
the
23d
day
of
April
,
A.
D.
1343.
and
Charles
V.
the
Grandson
of
the
said
Philip
was
first
stiled
the
Dauphin
,
in
1350
,
and
the
same
Custom
hath
been
ever
since
observed
,
and
Dauphine
continued
part
of
the
Kingdom
of
France
.
Tho'
this
Province
be
full
of
Mountains
and
Hills
,
it
is
nevertheless
very
fruitful
in
Wheat
Rye
,
Oats
,
and
Barley
,
affording
also
good
Pastuers
for
the
feeding
of
all
sorts
of
Cattle
,
and
the
Forests
yield
good
store
of
Game
,
as
Stags
Fallow-Deer
,
Roe-Bucks
,
wild
Boars
,
wild
Goats
,
and
Hares
,
together
with
Partridges
,
Pheasants
,
Heathcocks
,
Plovers
,
&c.
Some
Mines
of
Iron
,
Lead
,
and
other
Metals
are
found
here
.
In
this
Province
are
to
be
seen
three
notable
Abbies
,
being
the
chief
of
so
many
different
Orders
,
namely
that
of
S.
Antony
,
that
of
S.
Ruf
,
and
the
great
Charter-house
,
as
also
four
Wonders
,
viz.
The
inaccessible
Mountain
,
the
Tower
without
Poison
,
the
Pit
of
Sassenage
,
which
foreshews
the
Plenty
or
Dearth
of
the
Year
,
by
a
quantity
of
Water
found
therein
at
certain
times
;
and
the
Fountain
or
Quick-Spring
near
Grenoble
,
that
appears
covered
with
Flames
and
boyling
up
in
great
Bubbles
,
yet
never
hot
:
There
is
also
a
certain
Hole
or
Cavern
near
Nions
,
from
whence
riseth
up
a
Wind
,
which
can
scarcely
be
felt
by
those
Persons
that
come
near
it
,
and
yet
blows
violently
when
one
stands
at
the
distance
of
20
or
30
paces
.
The
principal
Rivers
of
Dauphine
,
are
the
Isere
,
which
receives
the
Drac
below
Grenoble
;
the
Durance
that
takes
its
rise
and
runs
into
Provence
;
the
Drore
,
the
Stream
whereof
is
extreamly
rapid
and
dangerous
;
the
Buelch
,
the
Romance
,
the
Dia
,
&c.
The
whole
Province
is
usually
divided
into
the
Upper
to
the
East
,
and
the
lower
to
the
West
,
which
are
again
subdivided
according
to
the
following
Table
.
D●uphin
divided
into
2
Parts
.
|
The
Upper
in
six
.
|
Graisivauden
.
|
Grenoble
,
Bish
.
Cap.
|
Diois
.
|
Die
,
Bish
.
Capital
.
|
The
Baronies
.
|
Buys
.
|
Gapencois
.
|
Gap
,
Bish
.
|
Ambrunois
.
|
Ambrun
,
Arch-bish
.
|
Brianconnois
.
|
Briancon
.
|
The
Lower
in
3.
|
Viennois
.
|
Vienne
,
A.
B.
Cap.
|
Valentinois
.
|
Valence
,
Bish
.
|
Tricastin
.
|
S.
Paul
Trois
.
|
|
|
Chateau
,
B.
|
GRAISIVAUDAN
,
Grationopolitanus
Ager
,
is
a
Valley
which
was
heretofore
Inhabited
by
the
Tricollores
,
and
lies
between
the
Rivers
of
Isere
and
Drac
,
being
also
bounded
on
the
North
by
Savoy
,
properly
so
called
,
on
the
East
by
the
Valley
of
Maurienne
and
Brianconnois
,
on
the
South
by
Gapencois
,
and
on
the
West
by
Diois
and
Vennois
.
The
places
of
Note
,
are
these
,
viz.
-
Grenoble
,
Bish
.
Cap.
Mens
.
-
Lesdiguiers
,
Duchy
.
-
La
Chastreuse
.
-
Vizile
,
&c.
GRENOBLE
,
Gracianopolis
,
olim
Acusio
and
Cular
,
is
situated
on
the
Confluence
of
the
Isere
and
Drac
,
and
an
the
foot
of
the
Mountains
,
being
distant
40
miles
from
Vienne
to
the
East
,
55
from
Lyons
to
the
South-East
,
about
80
from
Geneva
to
the
South
,
110
from
Aix
to
the
North
,
and
100
from
Turin
to
the
West
.
Maximian
who
was
sent
into
France
by
Dioclesian
,
Fortified
this
Place
;
and
being
afterward
enlarged
by
the
Emperor
Gratian
,
it
took
the
name
of
Gratianopolis
,
which
in
time
melted
into
that
of
Grenoble
.
It
is
a
large
well-built
City
,
and
adorn'd
with
divers
fair
Churches
.
The
Episcopal
See
depends
on
the
Metropolitan
of
Vienne
,
and
its
most
ancient
Bishop
was
S.
Domninus
,
who
assisted
in
the
Council
of
Aquitain
,
AC
.
381.
His
Successors
at
present
assume
the
Title
of
Princes
of
Grenoble
,
by
reason
of
the
Donations
which
the
Lords
of
the
Country
have
made
to
them
at
several
times
.
King
Lewis
XI
.
being
as
yet
only
Dauphin
of
Viennois
,
erected
the
Dolphinal
Council
of
this
Province
into
a
Parliament
,
in
the
year
1453
,
and
Francis
Potier
was
its
first
President
.
Moreover
an
University
was
formerly
established
at
Grenoble
,
and
at
present
besides
the
Parliament
above-mentioned
,
here
is
a
Chamber
of
Accompts
,
a
Treasury
Office
,
a
Court
of
Generality
,
and
a
Bailiage
.
The
Grand
Charter-house
,
chief
of
the
Carthusian
Order
,
stands
three
Leagues
from
this
City
,
on
one
side
;
and
the
boyling
Spring
is
at
the
like
distance
on
the
other
.
DIOIS
,
Diensis
Ager
,
lies
between
Grasivaudan
on
the
North
,
Valentinois
on
the
West
,
Provence
on
the
South
,
and
Gapencois
on
the
East
,
including
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Die
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Crest
.
-
Saillans
,
&c.
DIE
,
Dia
,
Dea
Vocontiorum
,
aut
Dea
Augusta
of
the
Ancients
,
is
seated
on
the
foot
of
the
Mountains
and
the
Banks
of
the
Rivulet
Drome
,
at
the
distance
of
30
miles
from
Grenoble
to
the
South
,
26
from
Valence
to
the
East
,
and
50
from
Gap
to
the
West
.
It
was
formerly
a
considerable
City
with
the
title
of
an
Earldom
,
and
had
five
fine
Churches
,
and
a
good
Citadel
,
but
through
the
Wars
of
the
Lombards
formerly
,
and
the
Civil
Wars
lately
,
they
have
been
almost
destroy'd
;
however
it
is
still
the
See
of
a
Bishop
.
The
BARONIES
of
Baroniae
,
lie
on
the
Frontiers
of
Provence
,
and
comprehend
these
principal
Towns
,
viz.
-
Le
Buys
,
Cap.
-
Nions
.
-
Meri●ndel
.
-
Piles
,
&c.
BUIS
,
or
BUYZ
,
Buxium
,
is
a
small
Town
standing
upon
the
River
Louveze
,
on
the
Frontiers
of
Provence
,
30
miles
from
Dye
to
the
South
.
Nions
,
Neomagus
,
stands
on
the
Frontiers
of
Provence
and
the
side
of
the
River
Eygues
,
about
28
miles
from
Dye
to
the
South
,
five
or
six
from
the
Frontiers
of
Provence
,
and
20
from
the
River
Rhone
to
the
East
.
It
had
a
Castle
,
but
it
is
destroy'd
,
and
the
Town
is
not
very
considerable
.
GAPENCOIS
,
Vapincensis
Tractus
,
is
extended
toward
the
River
Isere
,
between
Gresivaudan
on
the
North
,
Diois
on
the
West
,
and
Provence
on
the
East
and
South
,
comprehending
these
Towns
,
VIZ
.
-
Gap
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Arpres
.
-
Ventavon
,
&c.
GAP
,
Vapincum
,
Vapingum
,
&
Vapinquum
,
is
a
large
City
and
well
Fortified
with
a
strong
Citadel
,
besides
the
Fort
of
Puymore
,
erected
very
near
it
on
a
rising
Ground
,
scarcely
two
Leagues
from
the
River
Isere
,
35
miles
from
Dye
,
and
65
from
the
Rhone
to
the
East
,
not
above
10
from
the
Frontiers
of
Provence
,
and
45
from
Grenoble
to
the
South-East
.
Its
Episcopal
See
depends
on
the
Metropolitan
of
Aix
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
Dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
;
and
the
chief
of
its
Chapter
is
the
Dean
,
besides
an
Arch-Deacon
,
10
Canons
,
&c.
the
Bishop
assumes
the
title
of
a
Count
,
and
bears
in
his
Coat
of
Arms
a
Sword
and
Cross
in
Pail
.
The
City
of
Gap
hath
been
often
Taken
and
Recovered
by
the
Roman
Catholick
and
Protestant
Parties
during
the
Civil
Wars
of
France
,
but
the
former
gain'd
the
advantage
,
A.D.
1561.
AMBRUNOIS
,
Ebrodunensis
Tractus
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Brianconnois
,
on
the
West
by
Gapencois
,
on
the
East
by
Piemont
,
and
on
the
South
by
part
of
Piemont
and
Provence
,
comprehending
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Ambrun
,
Archbish
.
Cap.
-
Seine
.
-
Guillestre
,
&c.
AMBRUN
,
or
EMBRUN
,
Ebrodunum
,
&
Eborudunum
,
is
seated
on
a
steep
Rock
in
the
Confines
of
Province
,
near
the
River
Durance
and
the
Mountains
,
15
miles
from
Gap
to
the
East
,
20
from
Brianc●n
,
and
30
from
the
Frontiers
of
Savoy
to
the
West
,
55
from
Grenoble
,
and
110
from
Lyons
to
the
South-East
.
It
is
a
City
of
small
compass
,
nevertheless
well
Fortified
and
honour'd
with
the
title
of
a
Metropolitan
See
and
a
Bailiage
,
the
Archbishop
sharing
its
Jurisdiction
together
with
the
King
.
The
Judges
of
the
Bailiage
are
Alternative
.
This
City
was
honour'd
with
great
Privileges
by
the
Romans
;
for
some
time
subject
to
the
Counts
of
Forcalquier
,
and
hath
since
sustained
many
Revolutions
.
The
Protestants
took
it
in
1583
,
and
found
vast
Wealth
there
.
And
in
this
War
,
viz.
〈◇〉
1692
,
the
Duke
of
Savoy
besieged
,
and
in
10
days
took
it
.
But
quitted
it
soon
after
.
BRIANCONNOIS
,
Brigantius
Ager
,
near
the
Spring-head
of
the
River
Durance
,
between
Piedmont
on
the
East
,
the
Valley
of
Maurienne
in
Savoy
on
the
North
,
Graisivaudan
on
the
West
,
and
Ambrunois
on
the
South
.
Its
most
remarkable
Towns
are
these
,
VIZ
.
-
Brianc●n
,
Capital
.
-
Exilles
.
-
Pignerol
.
-
Perouse
.
-
Chateau-Dauphine
.
BRIANCON
,
Brigantium
,
is
remarkable
for
its
situation
on
the
highest
Ground
(
as
it
is
supposed
)
of
Europe
,
being
the
side
of
a
steep
Rock
,
on
which
stands
a
Castle
,
near
the
Alps
,
almost
in
the
midst
between
Susa
,
a
Town
of
Piedmont
,
and
Ambrun
,
at
the
distance
of
eight
leagues
from
the
former
,
and
seven
from
the
other
.
It
gives
name
to
this
Country
,
and
is
the
seat
of
a
Bailiage
.
A
little
below
this
City
two
Brooks
intermix
their
Waters
,
one
of
which
springs
out
of
Mount
Genevre
,
and
is
called
Dure
;
the
other
descends
from
the
Valley
of
Menetrier
and
Chantemerle
,
bearing
the
name
of
the
Ance
.
These
two
Rivulets
are
the
Sources
of
the
River
Durance
,
and
form
its
Name
.
About
two
Leagues
from
this
Town
there
is
a
Passage
cut
through
the
middle
of
a
Rock
,
which
as
it
was
a
stupenduous
Labour
,
gives
occasion
to
many
Conjectures
concerning
the
performance
of
it
.
Some
impute
it
to
Julius
,
others
to
Hannibal
,
&c.
PIGNEROL
,
Pinarolium
,
stands
on
the
foot
of
the
Alps
,
and
the
very
borders
of
Dauphine
,
but
in
the
Pri●cipality
of
Piedmont
,
and
is
Fortified
with
a
very
considerable
Castle
,
commanding
the
adjacent
Valleys
,
being
distant
40
miles
from
Briancon
to
the
East
,
12
from
Turin
to
the
South-west
,
and
25
from
Susa
to
the
South
.
This
Town
was
formerly
subject
to
the
Dominion
of
the
Dukes
of
Savoy
,
and
serv'd
as
an
Inheritance
for
the
younger
Sons
of
that
Illustrious
Family
,
until
it
was
taken
by
the
French
under
the
Conduct
of
Armand
John
du
Plessis
,
Cardinal
of
Richelieu
,
in
the
year
1630.
Afterward
Duke
Victor
Amedeo
sold
it
,
together
with
the
Fort
and
Valley
of
Prusa
,
as
also
10
or
12
other
Towns
and
Villages
,
to
Lewis
XIII
.
for
the
Sum
of
494000
Crowns
,
and
the
City
and
Territory
of
Alba
in
the
Duchy
of
Montferrat
,
which
the
French
resign'd
to
him
;
which
agreement
was
made
by
a
private
Treaty
,
and
concluded
at
Chrasco
,
on
the
31st
day
of
March
,
A.
D.
1631.
The
Citadel
of
Pignerol
,
near
which
runs
the
River
Cluso
or
Chiso
,
is
built
on
a
Rock
,
and
by
its
situation
and
the
Works
the
French
have
built
since
they
have
had
it
,
is
become
one
of
the
strongest
Holds
in
Europe
.
map of Pinerolo
PIGNEROL
Perouse
,
Perusa
,
is
Water'd
with
the
Streams
of
the
Rivulet
Cluso
,
and
defended
by
a
Fortress
,
about
3
miles
from
Pignerol
to
the
North
.
This
Town
hath
impos'd
its
Name
on
the
adjacent
Valley
,
and
formerly
belong'd
to
the
Duke
of
Savoy
,
but
was
granted
to
the
French
by
the
Treaty
above-mentioned
.
Chateau-Dauphin
,
Castrum
Delphini
,
is
a
Town
built
at
the
foot
of
the
Alps
,
on
the
very
Confines
of
Piedmont
,
almost
in
the
midst
between
Ambrun
to
the
W.
and
Saluces
to
the
E.
It
formerly
bore
the
name
of
Eusebio
,
Fanum
S.
Eusebii
,
and
constituted
a
part
of
the
Marquisate
of
Saluces
,
but
was
granted
to
the
French
Kings
,
A.
D.
1375.
VIENNOIS
,
Viennensis
Tractus
,
is
the
North-west
part
of
Dauphine
,
and
lying
between
the
Rivers
Rhone
and
Isere
,
was
anciently
call'd
the
Island
of
the
Allobroges
;
it
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
Gresivaudan
,
on
the
South
by
Valentinois
,
on
the
West
by
Bugey
.
This
County
was
sometime
Govern'd
by
its
own
Princes
,
under
the
name
of
Dauphins
of
Viennois
,
but
came
to
the
Crown
of
France
with
the
rest
of
Dauphine
.
The
chief
Towns
are
,
-
Vienne
,
Archb.
C.
-
S.
Valier
,
-
Romans
,
-
S.
Antoine
,
-
Beaurepaire
,
-
Tulins
.
-
La
Tour
du
Pin
,
-
Pugignan
,
-
La
Vulpillere
,
-
Cremiau
,
-
Bourgoin
,
-
Saforin
,
&c.
VIENNE
,
Vienna
aut
Vienna
Allobrogum
,
is
situated
at
the
Foot
of
a
Mountain
,
on
the
River
Rhone
,
which
there
receives
the
Gere
,
at
the
distance
of
40
miles
from
Grenoble
to
the
West
,
20
from
Lyon
to
the
South
,
and
35
from
Valence
to
the
North
.
It
hath
been
a
very
large
and
famous
City
,
but
at
present
is
not
above
the
fourth
Part
of
its
former
extent
,
and
both
its
ancient
Fortresses
,
nam'd
Pipet
and
Bastees
,
are
now
destroy'd
.
It
was
founded
(
as
is
generally
believ'd
)
by
the
Allobroges
,
and
afterward
became
a
Colony
of
the
Romans
,
who
adorn'd
it
with
a
Palace
,
an
Amphitheatre
,
and
divers
other
magnificent
Works
,
the
Ruins
whereof
are
still
to
be
seen
.
After
the
Decay
of
their
Empire
,
this
City
was
the
Capital
of
the
Kingdom
of
Burgundy
,
and
the
usual
Place
of
Residence
of
those
Princes
;
and
since
hath
been
subject
to
many
Masters
,
and
suffer'd
much
by
the
Wars
.
However
,
it
is
the
See
of
an
Archbishop
,
who
hath
the
Title
of
the
Grand
Primate
of
the
Primates
of
France
,
and
(
as
they
say
)
S.
Crescens
,
the
Disciple
of
S.
Paul
,
was
its
first
Prelate
.
The
Cathedral
of
S.
Maurice
is
a
stately
Pile
of
Building
,
as
also
are
some
other
Churches
and
publick
Edifices
.
The
Inhabitants
are
very
expert
in
making
divers
sorts
of
Manufactures
,
particularly
Plates
of
Iron
,
Steel
,
Paper
,
&c.
by
means
of
certain
Mills
and
Engines
upon
the
River
Gere
.
VALENTINOIS
,
Valentinensis
Ager
,
lies
between
Vienn●is
on
the
North
,
the
River
Rhone
on
the
West
,
Tricastin
on
the
South
,
and
Dicis
on
the
East
.
This
Country
at
present
bears
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
and
was
granted
,
together
with
Diois
,
to
Charles
VII
.
then
only
Dauphin
of
France
by
Lewis
of
Poitou
,
its
last
Count
or
Earl
,
on
the
22d
day
of
June
,
A.
D.
1419.
The
Principal
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Valence
,
Bish
.
C.
-
S.
Marcelin
,
-
Montelimar
,
-
Chaveuil
,
-
Etoile
,
-
Livron
,
&c.
VALENCE
,
Valentia
,
is
seated
on
the
River
R●one
,
a
little
below
its
confluence
with
the
Isere
,
over-against
the
Province
of
Vivarais
,
about
30
miles
from
Vienne
to
the
S.
60
from
Avignon
to
the
N.
25
from
Die
to
the
W.
and
40
from
Grenoble
to
the
S.
W.
It
is
a
Place
of
great
antiquity
,
having
been
some
time
a
Roman
Colony
;
and
is
at
present
a
fair
,
reasonable
large
and
well-built
City
,
divided
into
the
City
and
Town
,
defended
by
a
strong
Citadel
,
and
dignified
with
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Vienne
,
and
hath
a
Presidial
Court
.
The
Cathedral
Church
now
having
S.
Apollinarius
,
one
of
its
Prelates
,
for
its
Patron
,
was
at
first
dedicated
to
S.
Stephen
:
The
Chapter
consists
of
a
Dean
,
a
Provost
,
an
Archdeacon
,
a
Prebend
and
nine
Canons
,
and
the
Bishop
bears
the
Title
of
a
Count
.
There
is
also
another
Collegiate
Church
,
and
the
Abby
of
S.
Ruf
the
chief
of
that
Order
,
together
with
a
great
number
of
other
Monasteries
and
Convents
;
besides
a
famous
University
,
in
which
are
4
Professors
of
the
Civil
and
Canon
Law
:
It
was
first
founded
by
King
Lewis
XI
.
A.
D.
1452.
and
afterward
that
of
Grenoble
was
incorporated
into
it
under
the
Reign
of
Charles
IX
.
Montelimar
,
Aemarorum
Mons
,
Mons
Ademari
,
seu
Montilium
Adomari
,
a
Town
formerly
well
fortified
,
and
sustained
divers
Sieges
during
the
Civil
War
;
stands
on
a
Hill
,
at
the
distance
of
half
a
League
from
the
River
Rhone
,
25
miles
from
Valence
.
TRICASTIN
,
Tricastinus
Ager
,
is
extended
between
Valentinois
on
the
North
,
and
the
County
of
Avignon
on
the
South
,
comprehending
these
Places
of
chief
Note
,
viz.
-
S.
Paul-Trois-Chateaux
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Suse
,
-
Pierrelate
,
-
Donzere
,
-
Grignan
,
&c.
S.
PAUL-TROIS-CHATEAUX
,
Augusta
Tricastinorum
&
Fanum
S.
Pauli
Tricastinorum
,
olim
Senomagus
,
aut
Neomagus
,
the
Capital
City
of
the
small
Territory
of
Tricastin
,
took
its
modern
Name
from
S.
Paul
,
one
of
its
Prelates
,
and
is
situated
on
a
rising
Ground
in
the
Confines
of
Provence
,
scarcely
one
League
from
the
River
Rhone
,
12
miles
from
Montelimar
to
the
South
,
and
as
many
from
Orange
to
the
North
.
Its
Episcopal
See
was
formerly
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Vienne
,
but
now
depends
on
that
of
Arles
,
and
the
Bishop
is
also
styled
a
Count
,
sharing
the
Civil
Jurisdiction
with
the
King
;
so
that
their
respective
Judges
keep
their
Courts
alternately
in
the
Bailiages
.
The
Protestant
Party
made
themselves
Masters
of
this
City
during
the
Civil
Wars
,
and
retain'd
it
in
their
Power
near
50
years
.
Dauphine
hath
a
Governour
General
,
at
present
the
Duke
de
Feuillade
,
a
Lieutenant
General
,
a
Seneschal
,
and
a
Commandant
in
the
Province
,
three
Bailiffs
,
and
particular
Governors
in
Grenoble
,
Vienne
,
Ambrun
,
Valence
,
Montelimar
,
the
Castle
of
Brianc●n
,
Pignerol
,
&c.
CHAP.
XIV
.
LORRAINE
,
Lotheringia
.
BEsides
the
12
Principal
Provinces
or
Governments
of
France
already
described
,
there
are
other
Provinces
and
Towns
lying
on
the
Frontiers
of
Italy
,
Germany
and
Flanders
,
made
subject
to
,
and
reckon'd
part
of
this
Kingdom
;
an
account
whereof
is
given
in
the
Description
of
every
particular
Country
,
where
they
are
situated
,
excepting
Lorraine
,
which
although
it
be
not
compriz'd
within
the
aforesaid
12
large
Governments
,
nevertheless
constitutes
a
portion
of
that
Country
which
is
properly
call'd
France
.
The
Dutchy
of
LORRAINE
and
BAR
is
bounded
on
the
N.
by
Luxemburg
and
the
Palatinate
,
on
the
E.
by
Alsatia
,
on
the
S.
by
the
County
of
Burgundy
,
and
on
the
W.
by
Champagne
,
being
extended
from
the
48th
Degree
to
the
49th
Degree
50
Minutes
of
Latitude
,
and
from
the
23d
Degree
30
Minutes
to
the
25th
Degree
50
Minutes
of
Longitude
;
extending
from
N.
to
S.
110
miles
,
and
about
the
same
from
E.
to
W.
The
whole
Country
is
at
present
entirely
possessed
by
the
French
King
,
and
divided
into
three
principal
Parts
,
according
to
the
ensuing
Table
.
-
Lorraine
divided
into
3
Parts
,
viz.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Lorraine
,
properly
so
called
,
in
3
Bailiages
,
viz.
-
The
Bailiage
of
Nancy
,
Chief
Town
,
idem
.
-
The
Bail
.
of
Vauge
,
Mirecour
,
-
The
Bailiage
of
Vaudrevange
,
Idem
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Bar-le-Duc
.
-
Three
Bishopricks
not
properly
within
Lorraine
.
-
Bishoprick
of
M●rs
,
-
Bishoprick
of
Toul
,
-
Bishoprick
of
Verdun
.
The
Bailiage
of
NANCY
,
Balliviatus
Nanceii
,
lies
in
the
midst
of
the
Province
of
Lorraine
,
and
comprehends
these
considerable
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Nancy
,
Cap.
-
S.
Nicolas
,
-
Vaudemont
,
-
Vezelice
,
-
S.
Diey
,
-
Luneville
,
-
Gerbervillers
,
-
Blanc-Mont
,
-
Estival
,
-
Marsel
,
-
Mayenvic
,
-
Sales
,
-
Saremburg
,
-
Phaltzburg
,
&c.
NANCY
,
Nanceium
,
the
Capital
City
of
Lorraine
,
is
situated
in
the
midst
of
a
Plain
,
at
the
distance
of
100
paces
from
the
River
Meurte
,
155
miles
directly
E.
from
Paris
,
and
20
from
the
River
Meuse
,
50
from
the
Borders
of
Alsace
,
and
65
from
Strasburgh
to
the
W.
30
from
Metz
to
the
S.
and
50
from
the
Confines
of
Franche
Comte
to
the
S.
It
is
divided
into
the
Upper
or
Old
Town
,
wherein
stands
the
Duke's
Palace
and
Magazine
,
and
the
Lower
and
New
Town
,
which
is
of
larger
extent
,
and
contains
many
very
fine
Buildings
,
taken
into
the
City
in
1587
,
having
been
before
only
a
Suburbs
.
It
is
also
adorned
with
divers
Churches
and
Monasteries
,
a
College
of
Jesuits
and
3
Gates
.
A
Chamber
of
Accounts
and
Seneschal's
Court
are
held
here
.
This
Town
,
or
rather
this
City
,
hath
been
often
taken
,
and
sustained
many
Sieges
,
for
Charles
the
last
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
took
it
,
A.
D.
1475
,
from
Rene
Duke
of
Lorraine
;
who
regained
it
the
next
year
:
At
which
Charles
being
enraged
,
immediately
besieged
it
,
but
lost
both
his
Life
and
the
Battle
on
the
5th
day
of
January
following
.
Nancy
was
extreamly
well
fortified
in
1587
,
during
the
Civil
Wars
:
Nevertheless
Lewis
XIII
.
made
himself
Master
of
it
in
1633
,
and
its
Fortifications
were
destroyed
by
the
present
French
King
in
1661
:
But
they
have
been
since
repaired
with
great
advantage
.
S.
Nicolas
,
Fanum
S.
Nicolai
,
is
a
Burrough
very
pleasantly
seated
on
the
River
Meurte
,
two
Leagues
above
Nancy
to
the
S.
and
famous
for
the
Concourse
of
People
resorting
thither
to
pay
their
Devotions
at
the
Shrine
of
S.
Nicolas
,
sometime
Bishop
of
Myra
in
Lycia
,
who
vigorously
oppos'd
the
Errors
of
Arius
,
and
assisted
in
the
General
Council
of
Nice
,
A.
C.
325.
Vaudemont
,
Vadanus
Mons
&
Valdemontium
,
stands
on
a
Hill
between
the
River
Meuse
and
Moselle
,
20
miles
from
Nancy
to
the
S.
and
about
as
many
from
Toul
to
the
S.
E.
It
is
a
small
Town
,
nevertheless
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Principality
,
and
fenced
with
a
strong
Castle
,
&c.
Marsal
,
Marsalium
,
is
a
small
but
well
fortified
Town
,
built
on
the
Banks
of
the
Brook
Selle
,
amidst
the
Marshes
,
at
the
distance
of
about
20
miles
from
Nancy
to
the
East
.
The
Bailiage
of
VAUGE
,
Balliviatus
Vogesi
aut
Vasagi
,
is
extended
on
the
South
side
of
the
Province
of
Lorraine
,
and
comprehends
these
Principal
Towns
,
viz.
-
Mirecourt
,
Cap.
-
Neufchatel
,
-
Espinal
,
-
Remiremont
,
-
Charmes
,
-
Bruyeres
,
-
Dompaire
,
-
Plombieres
,
-
Fontenay
,
-
Darney
,
&c.
MIRECOURT
,
Mirecurtium
,
the
Chief
Town
of
the
Bailiage
,
although
of
a
small
compass
,
is
situated
near
Mount
Vauge
,
from
whence
the
Bailiage
hath
its
Name
,
on
the
Rivulet
of
Maiden
,
which
falls
into
the
Moselle
at
Chaligny
:
It
is
distant
25
miles
from
Nancy
to
the
S.
about
as
many
from
Toul
,
and
15
from
the
Confines
of
Champagne
to
the
E.
Remiremont
,
Romaricus
Mons
,
Romarici
Mons
,
&
Romaricum
Castrum
,
olim
Avendi
Castrum
,
is
situated
on
the
River
Moselle
,
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Vauge
,
and
remarkable
on
the
account
of
a
famous
Abby
of
Nuns
there
.
It
is
distant
only
one
League
from
the
Frontiers
of
the
Franche-Comte
,
and
30
from
Mirecourt
to
the
S.
E.
Fontenay
or
Voutenay
,
Fontenaeum
,
a
small
Village
,
seated
on
the
Frontiers
of
the
Franche-Comte
,
about
25
miles
S.
from
Mirecourt
;
famous
on
account
of
a
fierce
Battle
fought
near
it
,
with
a
very
great
Slaughter
on
all
sides
,
between
the
Emperor
Lotharius
,
Lewis
King
of
Germany
,
and
Charles
the
Bald
,
King
of
France
,
all
three
Brothers
,
A.
C.
841.
The
Bailiage
of
VAUDREVANGE
,
Balliviatus
Valderfingae
,
takes
up
the
N.
E.
part
of
Lorraine
,
and
contains
these
Places
of
chief
note
,
viz.
-
Sare-Louis
,
-
Vaudrevange
,
-
Sirk
,
-
Dieuse
,
-
Saralbe
,
-
Putlange
,
&c.
SARE-LOUIS
,
Saravum
Ludovici
,
is
a
very
strong
Fortress
,
lately
built
on
the
River
Sare
,
about
2
or
3
miles
above
Vandrevange
,
and
so
called
in
honour
of
the
present
French
King
Lewis
XIV
.
who
built
it
,
and
established
therein
a
Presidial
Court
of
a
large
Jurisdiction
.
It
is
distant
12
Leagues
from
Triers
,
4
from
Sarbruck
,
and
7
from
Homburg
,
&c.
map of Saarlouis
SARLOUIS
VAUDREVANGE
,
Veldersinga
,
the
Chief
Town
of
the
Bailiage
of
the
same
Name
,
is
likewise
seated
on
the
Sare
,
30
miles
from
Mets
to
the
E.
as
many
from
Thionville
,
and
somewhat
more
from
Deux-Ponts
.
It
was
almost
ruin'd
during
the
last
German
War
,
but
hath
been
since
well
repaired
.
Sirk
or
Sircques
,
Sirca
&
Sericum
,
is
watered
with
the
Streams
of
the
River
Moselle
,
and
defended
by
a
strong
Fort
,
built
near
it
on
a
Hill
,
and
the
very
Borders
of
the
Dutchy
of
Luxemburg
,
about
20
miles
from
Mets
to
the
N.
15
from
Triers
,
and
as
many
from
Luxemburg
to
the
E.
This
Town
hath
been
in
the
Possession
of
the
French
King
ever
since
the
year
1643.
The
Dutchy
of
BAR
or
BARRAIS
,
Barentis
Ducatus
,
is
extended
on
both
sides
the
River
Meuse
,
from
the
Country
of
Burgundy
to
the
Dutchy
of
Luxemburg
,
between
the
3
Bishopricks
,
the
Bailiage
of
Nancy
and
of
Vague
on
the
E.
and
the
Province
of
Champagne
on
the
W.
This
Country
is
divided
into
6
Bailiages
;
the
3
first
of
which
depending
on
the
King
are
commonly
call'd
La
Mouvance
;
and
the
other
3
are
in
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Parliament
of
Barrois
,
and
are
termed
La
Non-mouvance
.
-
The
Bailiage
of
Bar-le-duc
,
-
The
Bailiage
of
Grand-Recours
.
-
The
Bailiage
of
Bassigne
or
de-la-Mothe
.
-
The
Bailiage
of
S.
Michel
,
or
Miche
.
-
The
Bailiage
of
Pont-a-Mousson
.
-
The
Bailiage
of
Argonne
,
or
Clermont
,
&c.
BAR-LE-DUC
,
Barroducum
,
is
built
on
a
rising
Ground
,
near
the
Banks
of
the
River
Ornain
,
and
hath
a
strong
Castle
for
its
Defence
,
at
the
distance
of
about
40
miles
from
Nancy
to
the
W.
and
5
or
6
from
the
Borders
of
Champagne
:
This
Town
,
being
the
Capital
of
the
Dutchy
of
Bar
,
is
fair
and
well
built
,
and
was
formerly
subject
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Dukes
of
Lorraine
,
&c.
S.
Michel
,
Fanum
S.
Michaelis
,
is
advantageously
situated
on
the
E.
side
of
the
River
Meuse
,
almost
in
the
midst
between
Toul
to
the
S.
and
Verdun
to
the
N.
and
20
miles
from
Bar-le-duc
to
the
E.
It
hath
been
for
some
time
a
very
considerable
Town
,
and
is
at
present
the
Seat
of
the
Parliament
of
Barrois
.
It
was
taken
by
Lewis
XIII
.
in
the
month
of
June
,
A.
D.
1632.
and
afterward
resigned
to
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
by
the
Treaty
of
Livurdin
,
nevertheless
the
same
French
King
made
himself
Master
of
it
a
second
time
in
1633
,
when
the
Inhabitants
revolted
against
his
Garison
,
but
were
at
length
constrain'd
to
surrender
on
discretion
.
Pont-a-Mousson
,
Mussipontum
,
is
seated
on
both
sides
of
the
River
Moselle
,
near
the
Ruins
of
the
Castle
of
Mousson
,
from
whence
it
took
its
Name
,
at
the
distance
of
17
or
18
miles
from
Nancy
to
the
N.
toward
Mets
,
and
almost
as
many
from
S.
Michael
to
the
E.
It
is
a
very
fair
Town
,
but
destitute
of
Walls
,
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Marquisate
,
and
adorn'd
with
two
Abbies
,
divers
stately
Churches
;
and
a
University
founded
in
the
year
1573
,
by
Charles
Cardinal
of
Lorraine
,
who
gave
it
to
the
Jesuits
for
the
Teaching
of
Divinity
,
Philosophy
,
and
the
Learned
Languages
:
Afterward
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
establish'd
therein
certain
Professors
of
Law
and
Physick
,
and
Pope
Gregory
XIII
.
added
a
Seminary
for
the
Scotch
Nation
.
The
THREE
BISHOPRICKS
,
Tres
Episcopatus
,
form
,
as
it
were
,
an
equilateral
Triangle
in
the
Northern
and
Western
part
of
Lorraine
:
The
most
considerable
Places
of
this
Country
are
these
,
viz.
-
Mets
,
Bish
.
-
Nomeny
,
-
Vic
,
-
Toul
,
-
Liverdun
,
-
Verdun
,
Bish
.
-
Tilly
,
County
,
&c.
METS
,
Metce
&
Metensis
Urbs
,
olim
Divodurum
&
Mediomatrices
,
is
remarkable
for
its
advantageous
situation
on
the
confluence
of
the
Rivers
Seille
and
Moselle
,
in
a
very
fruitful
Country
,
at
the
distance
of
30
miles
from
Nancy
to
the
N.
20
from
Thionville
to
the
S.
30
from
Verdun
to
the
E.
90
miles
W.
from
the
River
Rhine
,
and
150
E.
from
Paris
.
It
was
heretofore
the
Metropolis
of
the
ancient
People
named
Mediomatrices
,
as
also
afterward
of
the
Kingdom
of
Austrasia
,
under
the
first
Race
of
the
French
Monarchs
;
and
is
at
present
the
Capital
City
of
the
Country
of
Messin
,
dignified
with
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Trier
.
The
Bishop
is
styled
Prince
of
the
Empire
,
and
the
Cathedral
,
dedicated
to
S.
Stephen
,
is
an
ancient
and
noble
Pile
of
Building
,
wherein
are
to
be
seen
many
Curiosities
,
particularly
a
Font
,
made
of
one
entire
piece
of
Porphyry
,
10
foot
long
.
The
whole
Diocess
is
divided
into
4
Archdeaconries
,
comprehending
623
Parishes
,
whereof
16
are
included
within
the
Walls
of
Mets
.
There
are
also
7
Abbies
for
Nuns
,
divers
other
Religious
Houses
,
a
College
of
Jesuits
,
&c.
This
City
hath
been
for
a
long
time
Imperial
and
Free
,
until
it
was
taken
in
1552
by
the
Constable
of
Montmorency
,
General
under
the
French
King
Henry
II
.
who
caused
it
to
be
fortified
with
a
Citadel
and
other
Bulwarks
;
by
which
it
was
made
so
strong
,
that
the
Emperor
Charles
V.
having
invested
it
in
the
same
year
,
was
compell'd
to
raise
the
Siege
.
This
City
is
the
Seat
of
a
Bailiage
,
and
of
a
Court
of
Parliament
,
established
here
by
Lewis
XIII
.
TOUL
,
Tullum
,
aut
Tullum
Leucorum
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Moselle
,
in
a
fertile
Soil
,
as
are
all
the
Towns
of
this
Province
,
at
the
distance
of
30
miles
from
Mets
to
to
the
S.
12
from
Nancy
to
the
West
,
and
27
from
Bar-le-duc
to
the
E.
It
was
constituted
an
Imperial
and
Free
City
by
the
Emperor
Henry
I.
but
fell
into
the
Possession
of
the
French
Kings
,
A.
D.
1552.
It
is
the
Capital
of
the
Country
of
the
same
Name
,
the
See
of
a
Prelate
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Triers
,
and
the
Seat
of
a
Bailiwick
:
Its
Diocess
is
very
large
,
and
contains
a
great
number
of
Abbies
,
&c.
VERDUN
,
Verodunum
&
Virodunum
,
is
a
very
ancient
City
,
and
one
of
the
largest
of
Lorraine
,
is
seated
upon
the
River
Meuse
,
which
there
dividing
its
Stream
,
forms
divers
small
Islands
,
which
do
not
a
little
contribute
to
its
Advantage
:
It
is
fortified
with
a
Citadel
and
other
regular
Works
,
and
honour'd
with
an
Episcopal
See
,
depending
on
the
Metropolitan
of
Triers
.
The
Cathedral
Church
,
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
hath
a
considerable
Chapter
,
from
whence
have
proceeded
divers
illustrious
Prelats
,
who
are
usually
stiled
Counts
of
Verdun
,
and
Princes
of
the
Sacred
Empire
.
This
City
hath
been
formerly
Imperial
and
Free
,
but
was
taken
by
the
French
,
together
with
some
others
,
under
Henry
II
.
A.
D.
1552
,
and
is
at
present
the
Capital
of
a
Bailiage
.
Lorraine
and
Barr
have
for
Governor
General
the
Marshal
de
Lorge
,
who
,
this
present
year
1694
,
succeeded
the
Marshal
de
B●ufflers
,
removed
to
the
French-Flanders
,
upon
the
Death
of
the
Marshal
Humiers
.
Here
is
also
a
Lieutenant
General
,
and
particular
Governors
of
9
Towns
and
Castles
.
GERMANY
.
CHAP.
I.
map of Germany
GERMANY
THE
Bounds
of
Germany
,
as
set
out
by
Ptolomy
and
other
ancient
Writers
,
were
much
different
from
what
they
are
at
present
;
for
,
according
to
their
Account
,
it
extended
Northward
as
far
as
the
Ocean
,
whereby
Denmark
,
Norway
and
Sweden
were
included
;
and
Southward
it
was
bounded
by
the
Danube
,
so
that
Austria
,
Bavaria
,
Stiria
,
Carinthia
,
Carinola
,
&c.
now
reckon'd
part
of
it
,
were
then
excluded
;
as
were
also
Alsace
,
part
of
the
Palatinate
and
the
Spiritual
Electorates
,
the
Rhine
being
by
them
reckon'd
the
Western
Bounds
;
but
these
last
,
together
with
Lorrain
and
the
neighbouring
Countries
,
were
afterwards
possessed
by
Germans
;
and
being
Conquer'd
by
the
Romans
,
were
by
them
nam'd
Germania
prima
&
secunda
.
Germany
,
as
it
is
at
present
bounded
by
the
Low
Countries
on
the
West
;
Poland
and
Hungary
on
the
East
;
Denmark
and
the
Baltick
Sea
on
the
North
;
and
Swisserland
,
with
the
Dominions
of
the
State
of
Venice
,
on
the
South
;
is
situated
between
the
45
D.
12
M.
and
54
D.
50
M.
of
Latitude
,
and
25
D.
and
29
D.
30
M.
of
Longitude
,
in
form
almost
square
;
extending
from
North
to
South
(
that
is
to
say
,
from
Straelsund
in
Pomerania
,
to
the
Frontiers
of
Carniola
and
Istria
)
150
German
leagues
,
which
is
600
English
miles
;
and
in
breadth
from
the
Town
of
Spa
in
the
West
,
to
the
Confines
of
Poland
in
the
East
,
about
150
English
miles
.
The
SOIL
is
exceeding
fruitful
,
especially
on
the
Banks
of
the
Rhine
and
the
Danube
,
where
also
the
AIR
is
very
Temperate
;
but
in
the
Northern
part
it
is
cold
,
and
the
Ground
less
fruitful
.
Besides
great
plenty
of
Corn
,
vast
quantities
of
rich
Wine
is
produc'd
here
and
exported
to
Foreign
Nations
.
The
Earth
also
affords
Mines
of
divers
sorts
of
Mettals
and
Minerals
,
as
Iron
,
Copper
,
Tin
,
Lead
,
and
even
Silver
in
some
parts
:
Alom
,
Quick-silver
,
Salt
,
&c.
The
chief
RIVERS
,
are
,
1.
The
Danube
,
call'd
by
the
Natives
Thonaw
,
which
rises
in
Schwaben
near
a
Village
call'd
Tone
Eschingen
,
whence
tending
Eastward
,
it
receives
two
small
Rivulets
,
and
soon
after
divides
and
encircles
the
City
Ulm
,
where
it
begins
to
be
Navigable
,
and
having
receiv'd
the
Iler
,
Guntz
,
Minael
and
Wernitz
,
passes
on
through
Bavaria
,
receiving
the
Lech
at
Lechmund
,
the
Altmul
at
Kelhaim
,
the
Nab
,
Regen
,
Isser
and
Inn
,
watering
by
the
way
the
Cities
Newburg
,
Ingolstadt
,
Ratisbon
and
Stranbingen
;
thence
passes
through
Austria
,
where
,
having
water'd
Lintz
,
it
is
encreas'd
by
the
Rivers
Fraun
,
Ens
,
and
others
of
smaller
note
,
and
then
runs
by
the
Walls
of
Vienna
,
receiving
the
small
River
Wien
,
(
whence
that
City
hath
its
name
)
and
afterwards
the
Moraw
,
pursuing
its
course
still
Eastward
into
Hungary
,
where
it
passes
by
Presburg
and
Gran
;
then
,
tending
Southward
,
it
passes
by
Buda
and
Belgrade
,
being
exceedingly
encreased
by
the
Drave
,
which
it
receives
at
Esseck
,
and
the
Save
at
Belgrade
;
after
which
it
loses
its
name
and
is
call'd
Ister
,
and
running
Eastward
between
Servia
and
Walachia
,
as
also
between
Moldavia
and
Bulgaria
,
falls
at
last
into
the
Black
or
Euxine
Sea
in
six
Mouths
,
which
part
Bulgaria
from
Bsserabia
,
after
having
run
above
eleven
hundred
miles
an
end
.
It
is
very
broad
,
runs
with
a
very
rapid
Current
,
and
hath
three
great
Cataracts
,
which
are
1.
The
Saw-Russel
,
or
Swine's
Snout
,
near
Lintz
,
so
call'd
from
a
pointed
Rock
hanging
over
,
which
hath
under
it
a
dangerous
Whirlpool
2.
Der
Strudel
near
Greinon
in
Austria
,
where
the
falling
of
the
Water
makes
a
horrid
noise
.
And
,
3.
Der
Wurbel
,
another
very
dangerous
Whirl-pool
.
2.
The
Rhine
rises
in
two
Springs
in
the
Alps
,
which
falling
into
Swisserland
,
unite
near
the
City
Cur
or
Coir
,
and
soon
after
dilates
it self
into
into
a
large
Lake
,
call'd
the
Boden
Sea
,
or
Lake
of
Constance
;
whence
passing
West-ward
to
Basil
,
it
turns
up
to
the
North
,
and
runs
between
Schwaben
and
Alsace
into
the
Palatinate
,
receiving
the
Neckar
at
Manheim
,
and
the
Maine
at
Mentz
;
then
runs
to
Coblentz
,
where
it
receives
the
Moselle
;
afterwards
waters
Cologn
,
and
passes
on
through
the
Dutchy
of
Cleeve
,
receiving
the
Roer
and
the
Lippe
,
and
other
smaller
Rivers
by
the
way
,
and
passes
into
the
Netherlands
at
Schenckenschans
.
Of
its
Course
afterward
we
have
already
given
an
account
.
It
is
very
broad
,
even
two
English
miles
(
as
some
say
,
at
Schenckenschans
,
and
its
course
very
swift
,
but
the
Navigation
of
it
is
interrupted
by
nine
Cataracts
;
the
most
remarkable
whereof
are
,
two
in
Swisserland
,
one
near
Schafhuysen
(
where
the
whole
River
falls
75
foot
)
and
the
other
near
Lauffenburg
.
3.
The
Elbe
rises
out
of
the
Mountains
near
Hirchsburg
in
Silesia
,
upon
the
Confines
of
Bohemia
,
in
eleven
several
Springs
,
which
being
united
,
pass
Northward
between
Misnia
and
Lusatia
into
Saxony
,
receiving
by
the
way
,
the
Warlitz
,
Orlitz
,
Moldau
and
Aegra
,
passes
by
Magdeburg
,
Lawenburg
and
Hamburg
,
and
a
little
below
Gluckstadt
divides
into
two
Branches
,
which
falls
into
the
German
Ocean
;
it
is
very
large
and
deep
at
Hamburg
,
which
is
above
70
miles
from
the
Sea
;
Ships
of
four
or
500
Tun
ride
at
Anchor
in
it
.
3.
The
Oder
springs
in
Moravia
,
and
after
a
Current
of
300
English
miles
,
through
Brandenburg
and
Pomerania
,
falls
into
the
Baltick
Sea
.
4.
The
Weser
rises
in
the
Mountains
of
Thuringen
,
runs
through
Hessen
and
Westphalia
,
and
empties
it self
into
the
Ocean
below
Bremen
.
Other
Rivers
of
smaller
note
the
Reader
will
discover
the
Course
of
,
in
the
following
Description
of
the
Country
;
as
also
an
account
of
the
Mineral
Waters
,
Baths
,
Mines
,
Mountains
,
Forests
,
Lakes
,
&c.
found
in
the
several
Parts
of
this
great
Nation
.
Of
the
Inhabitants
of
Germany
.
Whether
Germany
was
Peopled
after
the
Flood
by
Ascenas
the
Grandchild
of
Japhet
,
or
whether
Tuisco
,
who
some
say
was
the
Son
of
that
Ascenas
,
and
others
the
Son
of
Noah
,
was
the
Conductor
of
the
first
Colony
hither
,
is
uncertain
.
Cluverius
affirms
the
former
,
assigning
the
very
year
when
this
Plantation
was
made
,
viz.
The
136th
after
the
Flood
;
and
Verstegan
pleads
hard
for
the
latter
.
However
that
be
,
it
is
certain
that
Germany
was
Peopl'd
very
Early
.
The
ancient
Germans
had
two
Deities
call'd
Teuto
or
Tuisco
,
and
Maunus
his
Son
,
under
which
Names
,
by
their
Songs
and
Festivals
,
they
honour'd
God
the
Maker
of
the
World
,
and
Adam
the
Propagator
of
human
Kind
.
And
from
the
names
of
the
former
of
these
two
Deities
,
had
the
appellation
of
the
Teutsche
Nation
,
which
by
the
mutation
of
T
for
D
is
now
made
Duytsche
;
and
the
Country
Duytschland
.
Much
Dispute
hath
risen
among
the
Etymologists
concerning
the
derivation
of
German
and
Alman
,
two
other
Names
of
this
Nation
:
The
most
agree'd
one
is
,
That
Gar
signifying
all
,
they
were
call'd
Gar
Man
,
q
.
d
.
all
Man
,
demoting
their
great
Manliness
and
Valour
.
All
signifies
the
same
,
and
therefore
Alman
is
but
a
synonminous
Term
signifying
the
same
thing
with
German
;
though
others
assign
the
reason
of
that
denomination
to
be
the
many
Nations
of
them
,
and
that
it
was
first
given
'em
in
the
year
358.
when
they
muster'd
up
a
great
Army
from
all
parts
,
against
the
Romans
;
which
being
a
mixture
of
many
sorts
of
Men
,
it
was
call'd
an
Army
of
Almanner
:
Which
word
afterwards
was
us'd
by
the
Italians
,
Spaniards
and
French
,
to
signifie
the
whole
Nation
of
Germans
.
Again
,
others
say
,
That
the
name
Almain
,
belong'd
to
the
People
of
Schwaben
,
which
they
took
from
Mannus
the
Son
of
Tuisco
;
and
that
it
became
not
universal
,
till
those
Dukes
,
having
obtain'd
the
Imperial
Dignity
and
k●pt
it
many
years
,
made
the
name
of
the
Inhabitants
of
that
Region
be
extended
to
the
whole
Country
.
By
what
we
have
said
,
the
Reader
will
judge
,
That
the
TEMPER
of
the
Inhabitants
was
Martial
;
which
indeed
they
were
,
so
far
as
to
oppose
the
Romans
for
210
years
,
but
cannot
however
be
esteem'd
to
deserve
the
Character
their
Name
implies
;
For
though
they
are
generally
of
large
Bodies
,
with
big
Bones
,
much
Flesh
and
strong
Sinews
;
they
want
Spirit
to
actuate
their
large
Bulk
,
and
Heat
to
concoct
the
Phlegmatick
Humour
wherewith
their
Bodies
are
fill'd
,
and
therefore
better
at
guarding
a
Post
than
gaining
Ground
.
't
is
true
,
in
our
days
they
have
notably
oppos'd
the
Turks
,
fought
many
Battles
,
and
acquir'd
great
Honour
by
the
glorious
Victories
they
have
obtained
over
those
Infidels
.
They
are
generally
good
natur'd
,
free
from
Malice
and
Subtilty
,
much
addicted
to
both
Drunkenness
and
Gluttony
,
but
not
over-much
to
Venery
.
The
poorer
sort
are
laborious
,
sincere
and
honest
.
The
Nobility
are
Men
of
great
Honour
,
and
commonly
Scholars
.
All
the
Sons
of
a
Noble
Man
inherit
their
Father's
Title
,
which
exceedingly
increases
the
number
of
the
Nobility
,
and
the
more
because
the
German
Women
are
generally
good
Breeders
;
and
by
that
means
the
Estates
of
the
Princes
are
so
often
divided
for
the
sake
of
younger
Children
,
that
the
Principalities
and
Sovereign
Lordships
have
increased
to
a
vast
number
.
All
the
Nobility
scorn
Marriage
with
a
Commoner
;
wherefore
the
younger
Brothers
are
often
oblig'd
to
take
up
Arms
,
or
enter
into
Orders
,
whereby
they
are
enabled
to
keep
up
the
Grandeur
of
the
Family
;
especially
by
the
latter
,
because
the
Ecclesiastical
Preferments
here
are
both
Numerous
and
Rich
.
The
Women
are
of
good
Complexions
,
Corpulent
,
and
very
Fruitful
,
as
we
have
said
,
and
more
obsequions
to
their
Husbands
than
our
Women
,
many
not
sitting
at
Table
with
them
,
and
none
having
the
upper
Place
there
.
The
GENIUS
of
the
Germans
hath
appear'd
in
the
Invention
and
Improvement
of
many
Mechanical
Arts
,
whereof
Clock-work
especially
is
owing
to
them
.
In
this
Art
they
have
exceeded
all
the
World
in
the
contrivance
of
variety
of
Motions
,
to
shew
not
only
the
Course
of
the
Hours
and
Minutes
,
but
even
of
the
Sun
,
Moon
and
Stars
;
whereof
the
Clocks
at
Strasburg
,
Prague
,
and
many
other
places
all
over
Germany
,
are
sufficient
Instances
.
The
Emperor
Charles
V.
had
a
Watch
in
the
Jewel
of
his
Ring
;
and
in
the
Elector
of
Saxony's
Stable
is
to
be
seen
a
Clock
in
the
Pommel
of
a
Saddle
.
The
Story
of
Regio
Montanus's
wooden
Eagle
that
flew
an
English
mile
to
meet
the
Emperor
Maximilian
,
and
return'd
with
him
to
Norimberg
;
as
also
of
the
Iron
Fly
(
made
by
the
same
Person
)
that
flew
round
the
Room
,
and
return'd
to
his
Hand
,
are
seriously
related
be
Keckerman
and
Pet
.
Ramus
.
The
Germans
claim
the
Invention
of
the
Art
of
PRINTING
,
whereof
something
hath
been
already
said
in
our
description
of
Haerlem
;
but
because
that
Art
is
so
very
curious
,
and
hath
been
so
serviceable
to
the
World
,
we
shall
a
little
enlarge
in
the
History
of
it
.
We
have
said
already
,
That
Lawrence
Coster
of
Haerlem
found
out
the
Art
by
accident
,
and
had
brought
it
to
some
perfection
,
but
was
robb'd
of
his
Materials
by
a
Servant
who
fled
with
'em
to
Germany
:
This
the
Dutch
men
say
;
but
the
Germans
alledge
,
That
John
Guttemburg
,
an
Alderman
of
Strasburg
,
first
Invented
it
in
the
year
1440.
and
remov'd
with
it
to
Mentz
,
printed
several
Books
,
in
which
he
made
use
of
Cast
Letters
of
Mettal
in
the
same
manner
as
now
used
.
The
Hollanders
in
answer
affirm
,
that
it
was
Coster's
Servant
that
taught
Guttemburg
,
and
that
the
Servant's
name
was
John
Faust
;
which
name
is
set
in
all
the
first
Printed
Books
,
as
the
Printer
of
them
.
Tully's
Offices
printed
in
1465.
is
to
be
seen
in
the
Bodleian
Library
at
Oxford
,
and
in
many
other
places
,
with
this
Inscription
at
the
end
:
Praesens
M.
Tulii
clarissimum
opus
.
Johannes
Faust
,
Moguntinus
Cives
,
non
attramento
,
plumali
,
canna
neque
area
.
Sed
arte
quadam
perpulera
.
Petri
manu
pueri
mei
feliciter
effici
finito
Anno
MCCCCLXV
.
Angelus
Rocca
in
his
Account
of
the
Vatican
Library
(
printed
at
Rome
in
1591.
)
says
,
that
he
had
seen
Donatus's
Grammar
,
printed
upon
Vellum
with
this
Inscription
at
the
beginning
:
Johannes
Faustus
,
Cives
Moguntinus
,
Avus
Maternus
Johannis
Schoeffer
,
primus
excogitavit
imprimendi
artem
Typis
aereis
:
Quos
deinde
plumbeas
invenit
:
multaque
ad
poliendam
artem
addidit
ejus
filius
Petrus
Scheffer
:
Impressus
est
autem
hic
Donatus
primum
omnium
,
A.
D.
MCCCCL
.
Admonitus
certe
fuit
ex
donato
Hollandiae
prius
impresso
in
tabula
incisa
.
But
this
he
does
not
say
was
printed
in
the
Book
.
In
an
old
Chronicle
of
Colen
,
printed
in
1496.
't
is
said
,
That
the
hint
of
this
Art
was
given
from
Holland
,
where
an
Impression
of
this
Donatus
had
been
made
before
that
of
Mentz
.
So
that
upon
the
whole
,
the
Invention
may
be
granted
to
Holland
,
but
improved
and
propagated
in
Germany
;
whence
it
was
carried
again
to
Holland
,
and
from
thence
brought
to
England
very
early
,
by
Caxton
and
Tourner
,
whom
king
Henry
VI
.
sent
at
his
own
Expence
to
learn
it
;
these
prevail'd
upon
one
of
the
Printer's
Men
at
Haerlem
to
steal
away
and
come
with
them
to
England
;
where
being
arrived
,
they
set
to
Work
at
Oxford
;
and
having
taught
other
Men
,
Printing-houses
were
set
up
at
Westminster
,
S.
Albans
,
Worcester
,
and
other
places
.
There
is
now
to
be
seen
at
Oxford
,
S.
Jerom
upon
the
Creed
with
this
at
the
end
:
Explicit
expositio
Sancti
Jeronimi
in
simbolo
Apostolorum
ad
Papam
Laurentium
.
Impressa
Oxoniae
&
finita
Anno
Domini
,
MCCCCLXVIII
.
xvii
die
Decembris
.
But
to
return
to
the
Germans
,
The
Invention
of
Guns
is
undisputedly
theirs
,
which
was
also
produc'd
by
an
Accident
,
in
this
manner
:
One
Barthold
Schwartz
a
Friar
,
in
making
Chimical
Experiments
,
had
one
day
mixed
some
Saltpetre
and
Brimstone
with
other
Ingredients
,
and
set
them
upon
the
Fire
in
a
Crucible
;
but
a
Spark
getting
in
,
the
Pot
suddenly
broke
with
great
violence
and
wonderful
noise
;
which
unexpected
effect
surpriz'd
him
at
first
,
but
thinking
further
on
the
Matter
,
he
repeated
the
Experiment
,
and
finding
the
Effect
constant
,
set
himself
at
work
to
improve
it
:
To
which
purpose
he
caused
an
Iron-pipe
to
be
made
with
a
small
hole
at
the
lower
end
to
fire
it
at
,
and
putting
in
some
of
his
new
Ingredient
together
with
some
small
stones
,
set
fire
to
it
,
and
found
it
answer'd
his
expectation
in
penetrating
all
before
it
.
This
happen'd
about
the
year
1330
and
was
soon
improv'd
to
the
making
of
great
Ordnance
,
&c.
To
these
Inventions
of
the
Germans
,
we
may
add
their
improvement
of
the
Art
of
Chimistry
;
which
being
brought
hither
by
Albertus
Magnus
,
was
very
much
studied
by
the
Monks
,
and
much
time
lost
by
them
in
the
search
of
the
Philosopher's
Stone
,
and
the
Study
of
the
Rosicrucian
Philosophy
.
The
RELIGION
of
the
ancient
Germans
was
Paganism
,
which
was
driven
out
of
several
parts
of
it
by
the
Preaching
of
S.
Clemens
,
S.
Crescens
,
S.
Mark
,
S.
Maternus
,
S.
Eutherius
,
and
other
the
immediate
Successors
of
the
Apostles
:
So
that
in
the
middle
of
the
second
Century
,
Christianity
was
in
a
flourishing
State
in
Germany
,
as
is
testified
by
S.
Irenaeus
.
But
the
remote
Northern
parts
remain'd
long
in
their
blind
Superstition
;
the
Saxons
not
being
Converted
till
the
time
of
Charles
the
Great
:
As
we
shall
shew
more
particularly
when
we
come
to
speak
of
that
Nation
.
The
Corruptions
that
crept
into
the
Romish
Church
in
the
middle
Ages
,
dispers'd
themselves
hither
,
and
were
generally
believ'd
,
before
John
Huss
and
Jerom
of
Prague
did
,
about
the
year
1407.
oppose
those
Errors
,
and
Preach
up
the
Doctrin
of
Wiclef
;
for
which
they
were
both
burnt
at
the
Council
of
Constance
:
But
their
Followers
in
Bohemia
being
numerous
,
obtained
a
Tolleration
of
the
Emperor
,
and
continued
administring
the
Sacraments
in
both
kinds
,
and
in
several
things
acting
contrary
to
the
Church
of
Rome
:
In
which
State
the
Reformation
stood
when
Luther
appear'd
for
it
,
upon
the
following
occasion
.
In
the
year
1517.
Pope
Leo
X.
in
pursuance
of
the
pretended
Power
of
the
Popes
in
pardoning
Sins
,
sent
abroad
his
Letters
and
Bulls
,
promising
Pardons
to
all
that
would
purchase
them
with
Mony
:
And
the
Friars
were
employ'd
to
Preach
up
the
Doctrin
,
and
Offices
establish'd
in
several
parts
of
Germany
,
to
receive
the
Mony
that
the
ignorant
People
gave
for
the
Indulgences
the
Collectors
were
impower'd
to
give
them
.
These
Preachers
,
continually
buzzing
in
the
People's
Ears
the
efficacy
of
the
Popes
Pardons
,
and
the
mercenary
manner
of
prostituting
of
them
,
raised
Indignation
in
many
;
and
therefore
Martin
Luther
was
soon
favour'd
in
opposing
it
.
He
was
a
Doctor
of
Divinity
and
an
Augustine
Friar
,
living
at
Wittemberg
in
Saxony
:
At
which
place
,
in
the
same
year
,
1517.
he
began
to
preach
against
the
Pope's
Power
of
pardoning
Sins
,
and
publish'd
Theses
concerning
Purgatory
,
Penance
,
&c.
which
were
answer'd
by
Tetzelius
,
Eckius
,
Prierias
and
others
,
on
the
Pope's
side
.
To
which
Luther
reply'd
,
and
being
now
favour'd
by
Frederick
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
proceeded
in
time
from
one
Point
to
another
,
till
he
shook
the
very
Foundation
of
the
Roman
Church
;
a
publick
Disputation
being
held
at
Leipsick
in
1519.
between
him
and
Eckius
,
wherein
the
Authority
and
Primacy
of
the
Pope
was
the
Subject
of
the
Argument
.
And
in
a
few
years
not
only
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
but
the
Dukes
of
Brunswick
,
Mecklenbrrg
and
Lunenburg
,
the
Marquiss
of
Brandenburg
,
the
Landgrave
of
Hesse
,
together
with
several
other
Princes
and
many
Imperial
Cities
embrac'd
his
Doctrin
.
In
1629.
a
Decree
was
made
against
it
by
the
Diet
at
Spire
,
against
which
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
the
Marquis
of
Brandenburg
,
the
Dukes
of
Lunenburg
,
the
Landgrave
,
together
with
the
Deputies
of
Strasburg
,
Norimberg
,
Ulm
,
Constance
,
and
ten
other
Imperial
Cities
,
entred
a
publick
Protestation
;
which
gave
occasion
to
the
name
of
PROTESTANT
,
the
Lutherans
from
that
time
being
so
call'd
.
In
the
next
year
the
Princes
above-mentioned
,
presented
the
Confession
of
their
Faith
to
the
Emperor
,
in
the
Diet
at
Augsburg
;
which
being
rejected
,
and
a
Decree
made
against
their
Opinions
,
the
Protestant
Princes
and
Cities
met
at
Smalcald
,
and
entred
into
a
Defensive
League
about
the
end
of
the
same
year
,
1630.
and
not
long
after
a
War
broke
out
,
between
them
and
the
Emperor
,
which
lasted
many
years
,
till
in
the
end
the
Emperor
comply'd
;
and
,
by
the
Pacification
of
Passaw
in
1552.
agreed
,
That
Matters
concerning
Religion
should
be
referred
to
the
Diet
:
Which
being
assembled
at
Augsburg
in
the
year
1555.
decreed
,
That
neither
the
Emperor
,
nor
any
other
Prince
or
State
,
should
in
any
manner
whatsoever
hurt
or
injure
any
Man
for
the
Confession
of
the
Augustan
(
or
Protestant
)
Religion
,
nor
force
any
of
the
Princes
to
forsake
their
Religion
,
Ceremonies
or
Laws
,
which
they
had
already
instituted
in
their
Dominions
,
or
which
those
of
the
Augustan
Confession
should
thereafter
Institute
,
or
that
the
Emperor
or
Princes
should
contemn
the
same
,
but
suffer
them
freely
to
Profess
this
Religion
,
and
quietly
enjoy
their
Goods
and
Estates
;
together
with
much
more
to
that
purpose
,
as
may
be
seen
,
at
large
,
in
Sleidan's
Hist
.
of
the
Reform
.
in
Germany
,
lately
Translated
into
English
.
So
that
at
present
the
Lutheran
Religion
is
profess'd
in
the
Dominions
of
all
those
Princes
and
Cities
abovementioned
,
and
many
others
;
as
the
Roman
Catholick
is
in
Austria
,
Bavaria
,
the
Spiritual
Electorates
,
&c.
The
Germans
value
themselves
extreamly
upon
speaking
a
Primitive
LANGUAGE
,
and
have
obstinately
refused
to
borrow
Words
of
their
Neighbours
,
tho'
they
are
forc'd
to
make
very
uncouth
Compounds
,
to
be
able
to
express
themselves
intelligibly
.
The
Radical
Words
themselves
are
very
harsh
and
abound
with
Consonants
;
and
many
of
these
being
put
together
,
fill
the
Mouth
't
is
true
and
make
a
thundering
Sound
,
which
is
call'd
Manly
;
but
to
a
Stranger
it
seems
as
untuneable
as
the
Welch
,
and
as
difficult
to
learn
.
Compounds
't
is
granted
is
an
Elegancy
,
but
excess
in
every
thing
is
ill
;
and
no
Language
is
copious
enough
of
its
self
to
furnish
all
Words
;
which
themselves
begin
to
be
sensible
of
,
and
do
therefore
now
admit
some
few
French
words
,
for
the
better
and
more
intelligibly
expressing
themselves
.
In
short
,
the
High
Dutch
hath
the
Reputation
of
a
manly
noble
Language
,
but
withal
,
not
tuneable
or
docible
,
and
is
fitter
for
a
General
than
a
Courtier
.
It
extends
very
far
,
for
not
only
in
Germany
,
but
in
Denmark
and
Sweden
,
the
High
Dutch
is
spoken
,
with
some
variation
of
Dialect
,
as
also
in
Swisserland
;
not
to
mention
Holland
and
Flanders
,
the
Language
whereof
is
of
the
same
original
,
but
varied
so
much
that
the
Germans
disown
it
,
and
have
given
it
the
Name
of
Low
Dutch
for
distinction
.
Concerning
the
ANCIENT
STATE
of
Germany
we
can
only
say
,
That
from
the
beginning
of
History
it
was
divided
into
many
Nations
,
who
,
tho'
they
they
all
spoke
the
same
Language
,
preserv'd
their
separate
Governments
;
and
though
by
Invasions
of
Neighbours
and
Wars
among
themselves
,
several
Revolutions
have
happen'd
in
almost
all
the
Parts
,
yet
to
this
day
it
is
divided
into
a
great
number
of
Principalities
,
every
one
of
which
hath
had
a
different
Fate
;
as
the
Reader
will
find
in
the
following
Description
of
them
.
The
greatest
Monarchy
that
hath
been
in
Germany
was
that
of
Charles
the
Great
,
otherwise
call'd
Charlemaigne
,
King
of
France
;
for
he
was
not
only
Lord
of
the
Parts
upon
the
Lower
Rhine
and
the
Maine
,
but
by
his
Arms
subdued
Saxony
and
Bavaria
;
and
acquiring
the
Honour
of
Emperor
of
the
Romans
,
resided
with
it
here
;
and
Germany
hath
ever
since
been
called
,
The
Sacred
Roman
Empire
.
But
to
be
inform'd
how
Charles
attain'd
this
titular
Honour
,
it
is
necessary
to
look
back
into
the
latter
State
of
Italy
,
and
see
by
what
degrees
the
Roman
Monarchy
declin'd
,
and
at
last
expir'd
in
the
Person
of
Augustulus
300
years
before
the
time
of
Charles
the
Great
:
The
beginning
whereof
must
be
dated
from
Constantine
the
Great
;
for
tho'
he
was
a
very
wise
and
excellent
Prince
,
yet
by
removing
the
Seat
of
the
Empire
to
Byzantium
(
now
call'd
Constantinople
)
he
left
these
Western
parts
naked
;
and
exposed
to
the
Ravages
of
those
swarms
of
Northern
People
that
soon
after
invaded
them
.
At
his
death
Constantine
dividing
the
Empire
between
his
Sons
,
first
erected
the
Eastern
and
Western
Empires
,
the
Seat
of
one
being
Constantinople
,
and
the
other
Rome
:
But
the
latter
became
again
united
under
the
Eastern
Emperor
,
and
continued
so
till
the
death
of
Theodosius
,
who
again
divided
it
for
the
sake
of
his
two
Sons
Arcadius
and
Honorius
;
these
were
succeeded
for
about
80
years
by
several
Eastern
and
Western
Emperors
;
but
both
the
one
and
the
other
very
sensibly
declin'd
;
especially
the
Western
Empire
,
by
the
Invasion
of
the
Goths
and
other
barbarous
Northern
Nations
(
who
seized
its
Provinces
,
invaded
Italy
,
and
sack'd
even
Rome
it self
)
was
brought
very
low
,
and
none
of
the
latter
Emperors
made
any
considerable
figure
in
the
World
:
The
last
of
them
was
Augustulus
,
against
:
whom
Odoacer
King
of
the
Heruli
waged
War
,
subdued
a
great
part
of
Italy
,
took
Augustulus
Prisoner
,
and
made
him
resign
the
Empire
,
and
finally
determine
that
Dignity
:
This
happen'd
about
the
year
,
476.
The
Heruli
reign'd
but
a
little
while
,
being
conquer'd
by
the
Ostrogoths
,
and
those
at
last
driven
out
by
Justinian
,
and
Italy
again
made
a
part
of
the
Eastern
Empire
;
till
(
the
Power
of
those
Emperors
being
much
declin'd
)
the
Popes
found
means
to
obtain
the
Temporal
as
well
as
Spiritual
Jurisdiction
over
a
great
part
of
it
;
and
the
Lombards
conquer'd
another
large
part
,
and
erected
a
considerable
Monarchy
;
which
,
at
last
,
the
Popes
grew
uneasy
at
,
and
therefore
stirred
up
the
French
Kings
against
them
;
and
Pope
Adrian
I.
being
besieged
in
Rome
by
Desiderius
King
of
Lombardy
,
sent
to
Charlemaign
for
assistance
;
who
accordingly
invaded
Lombardy
,
overcame
Desiderius
,
and
was
himself
crowned
King
:
By
which
he
became
Lord
of
a
great
part
of
Italy
,
as
he
was
before
of
Germany
and
France
.
Upon
this
occasion
it
was
that
th●
Pope
,
in
gratitude
for
the
Service
he
had
done
him
,
and
to
secure
to
himself
so
powerful
a
Protector
,
by
consent
of
the
People
of
Rome
,
declared
Charles
Emperor
,
and
erected
anew
the
Western
Empire
.
But
inasmuch
as
the
Pope
was
Lord
of
the
Territory
about
Rome
,
and
Charles
in
his
turn
must
shew
his
Gratitude
,
he
left
that
City
to
the
Pope
,
and
fixed
the
Seat
of
the
Empire
in
Germany
;
which
was
also
more
convenient
to
him
,
because
more
in
the
middle
of
his
Dominions
.
Thus
Germany
became
the
Seat
of
the
Western
Empire
;
which
Dignity
(
though
but
a
shadow
of
the
ancient
Roman
)
it
has
ever
since
born
,
under
the
Government
of
these
following
Princes
.
A
Chronological
Table
of
the
Emperors
of
Germany
.
|
|
Reg
.
y
.
|
Charles
the
Great
|
began
to
reign
800
|
14.
|
Lewis
the
Godly
,
his
Son
|
814
|
26
|
Lotharius
,
Son
to
Lewis
|
840
|
15
|
Lewis
II
.
Son
to
Lotharius
|
855
|
19
|
Charles
the
Bald
Son
of
Lewis
I.
|
875
|
2
|
Lewis
the
Bald
Son
of
Charles
|
878
|
1
|
Charles
the
Gross
his
Son
|
879
|
9
|
He
was
deposed
,
and
|
|
|
Arnolph
Son
of
Caroloman
,
Duke
of
Carinthia
and
King
of
Bavaria
,
elected
Emperor
|
888
|
12
|
Lewis
IV
.
Son
of
Arnolph
,
elected
|
900
|
12
|
Conrad
Duke
of
Franconia
,
elected
|
912
|
7
|
Henry
the
Fowler
,
D.
of
Saxony
,
elected
|
919
|
26
|
Otho
the
Son
of
Henry
|
936
|
37
|
Otho
II
.
succeeded
his
Father
|
973
|
11
|
Otho
III
.
Son
of
Otho
II
.
in
whose
time
the
manner
of
choosing
the
Emp.
by
the
7
Electors
't
is
said
was
instituted
.
|
984
|
18
|
Henry
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
chosen
by
the
Princes
|
1002
|
22
|
Conrad
.
Elected
|
1024
|
15
|
Henry
the
Son
of
Conrad
|
1039
|
17
|
Henry
IV
.
his
Son
|
1056
|
50
|
Henry
V.
his
Son
|
1106
|
19
|
Lotharius
Duke
of
Saxony
|
1125
|
13
|
Conrad
Duke
of
Schawben
|
1138
|
14
|
Frederick
Barbarossa
Duke
of
Schawben
|
1138
|
31
|
Henry
his
Son
|
1190
|
8
|
Philip
Brother
to
Henry
,
elected
,
but
excommunicated
by
the
Pope
|
1198
|
10
|
Otho
Duke
of
Brunswick
,
also
chosen
Emperor
.
|
|
Otho
Son
of
Henry
the
Lyon
D.
of
Saxony
|
1208
|
4
|
Frederick
II
.
King
of
Sicily
,
Grandson
of
Frederick
Barbarossa
|
1212
|
38
|
Conrad
IV
.
Son
of
Frederick
,
against
whom
six
other
Princes
were
elected
by
the
several
Factions
now
risen
in
Germany
,
on
account
of
the
Pope's
assuming
Power
over
the
Emperor
.
Among
these
seven
,
Richard
Earl
of
Cornwall
,
Brother
to
our
Henry
III
.
was
one
.
After
a
long
Interregnum
|
Rodolph
Earl
of
Hapsburg
,
was
unanimously
elected
|
1273
|
19
|
Adolph
Earl
of
Nassaw
|
1292
|
6
|
Albert
Duke
of
Austria
set
up
against
Adolph
,
whom
he
slew
,
and
was
crowned
|
1298
|
10
|
Henry
Duke
of
Luxemburg
|
1308
|
|
Poyson'd
by
a
Monk
in
administring
him
the
Sacrament
,
after
he
had
reigned
|
4
Y.
|
9
M.
|
An
Interregnum
.
|
|
|
Lewis
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
elected
|
1318
|
28
|
Charles
IV
.
Son
of
John
K.
of
Bohemia
|
1346
|
32
|
Wenceslaus
Son
to
Charles
|
1378
|
22
|
Rupert
Elector
Palatine
|
1400
|
10
|
Jodocus
Barbatus
Marquess
of
Moravia
|
1410
|
5
M.
|
Sigismund
Earl
of
Luxemburg
,
Brother
of
Wenceslaus
King
of
Bohemia
and
Hungary
|
1411
|
27
|
Albert
II
.
D.
of
Austria
Son
of
Sigismund
|
1439
|
1
|
Frederick
III
.
Duke
of
Austria
|
1440
|
53
|
Maximilian
Son
of
Frederick
,
crowned
King
of
the
Romans
in
his
Father's
time
,
and
succeeded
him
|
1493
|
25
|
Charles
V.
Son
of
Philip
King
of
Spain
,
and
Grandson
to
Maximilian
|
1519
|
38
|
Ferdinand
,
Brother
to
Charles
|
1558
|
6
|
Maximilian
II
.
Son
of
Ferdinand
|
1564
|
12
|
Rodolph
,
Maximilian's
Son
|
1576
|
36
|
Matthias
Brother
to
Rodolph
|
1612
|
7
|
Ferdinand
of
Gratz
,
Grands
.
of
Ferdinan
.
I.
|
1619
|
17
|
Ferdinand
III
.
succeeded
his
Father
|
1637
|
20
|
LEOPOLD
Son
of
Ferdinand
III
.
elected
July
8th
|
1658
|
|
|
[
now
reigning
.
|
The
present
EMPEROR
was
born
Jun.
9.
1640.
nominated
King
of
Hungary
,
Jun.
27.
1655.
King
of
Bohemia
,
Aug.
2.
1656.
elected
King
of
the
Romans
,
Jun.
18.
1658.
and
crowned
Emperor
,
July
22.
He
married
Margaret
of
Austria
Daughter
to
Philip
IV
.
King
of
Spain
,
and
Sister
to
the
late
King
of
France
,
on
the
12th
of
April
,
1663.
She
died
Mar.
20.
1673.
leaving
Issue
one
Daughter
,
who
was
married
to
the
present
Elector
of
Bavaria
.
The
Emperor
married
again
Oct.
15.
1673.
Claudia
Daughter
to
Ferdinand
Arch-duke
of
Inspruch
,
who
died
Apr.
8.
1676.
leaving
no
Issue
.
He
married
a
third
time
on
the
6th
Jan.
1677.
Mary
,
eldest
Daughter
of
Philip
Duke
of
Newburg
now
Elector
Palatine
,
by
whom
he
has
Issue
JOSEPHUS-Jacobus-Ignatius-Joannes-Antonius-Eustachius
,
born
July
16.
1678.
He
was
Crowned
King
of
Hungary
in
1688.
and
chosen
King
of
the
Romans
,
Jan.
24.
1690.
CAROLUS-Franciscus-Josephus
,
&c.
born
Oct.
1.
1685.
And
several
Daughters
.
Of
the
Power
of
the
Emperor
.
Having
shewn
how
the
King
of
Germany
obtain'd
the
pompous
Title
of
Romanorum
Imperator
,
and
how
many
Princes
have
succeeded
in
that
Dignity
,
it
remains
that
we
speak
something
of
the
Territories
subject
to
his
Dominions
,
and
of
his
Power
:
It
is
plain
by
what
we
have
already
said
,
That
Charles
the
Great
got
nothing
but
a
bare
Title
by
the
Pope's
saluting
him
Emperor
:
Germany
and
France
were
already
in
his
possession
,
Lombardy
he
had
just
Conquer'd
,
Spain
had
been
long
possess'd
by
the
Goths
,
and
the
Popes
had
a
good
part
of
Italy
;
so
that
the
Citizens
of
Rome
had
nothing
to
bestow
upon
him
but
the
Honour
,
when
they
declared
him
their
Emperor
.
However
,
That
Title
his
Successors
have
been
careful
in
preserving
,
and
always
write
themselves
Caesar
,
in
memory
of
Julius
,
and
Augustus
from
Octavius
,
in
imitation
of
the
Roman
Emperors
:
They
also
call'd
Germany
the
Sacred
Roman
Empire
,
and
endeavour
in
all
things
to
keep
up
the
Grandeur
of
those
ancient
Princes
.
The
Dominions
of
Charlemaign
were
soon
divided
;
His
Son
Lewis
the
Godly
erecting
out
of
'em
many
Kingdoms
,
as
we
have
already
shewn
in
our
account
of
the
Kings
of
France
:
Germany
with
the
Imperial
Honour
he
gave
to
his
eldest
Son
Lotharius
,
but
h●s
Posterity
proving
mean
degenerate
Persons
,
they
soon
lost
it
,
and
several
of
the
Princes
were
afterwards
elected
to
that
Dignity
,
Germany
in
time
being
divided
among
several
Princes
,
whose
Powers
were
exceedingly
encreas'd
by
the
Offices
and
Dignities
that
the
Emperors
conferr'd
on
them
,
and
at
several
times
made
Hereditary
to
their
Families
.
These
Offices
were
Hertogen
or
Dukes
,
to
whom
were
committed
the
Government
of
the
larger
parts
of
Germany
;
Graffen
or
Earls
,
who
had
the
care
of
smaller
parts
;
Pfaltz-graven
,
Counts
Palatine
or
Praefects
of
the
Court-Royal
,
who
administred
Justice
in
the
Verge
of
the
Court
;
Landgraves
,
who
were
Presidents
set
over
Provinces
;
Marggraves
or
Marquisses
,
who
were
Presidents
of
the
Marches
or
Borders
for
repelling
the
Incursions
of
Enemies
and
administring
Justice
to
the
Inhabitants
;
also
Burggraves
,
who
were
Governors
of
the
Royal
Castle
or
Forts
.
These
Offices
being
made
Hereditary
,
the
Possessors
of
them
in
time
obtain'd
Sovereign
Authority
in
their
respective
Governments
;
which
the
Emperors
,
either
through
their
own
Liberality
,
or
being
prevail'd
on
by
Mony
or
Service
,
or
oblig'd
by
some
exigency
of
Affairs
,
have
at
several
times
confirm'd
to
them
:
So
that
at
present
tho'
the
Emperor
be
supream
Lord
over
all
Germany
,
he
is
not
Master
of
any
particular
part
of
it
(
except
some
few
of
the
Princes
Estates
that
have
return'd
to
the
Crown
as
Fiefs
for
want
of
Heirs
)
it
being
all
subject
to
the
several
Princes
.
The
Power
of
the
Emperor
hath
been
so
restrain'd
by
several
Capitularies
or
Agreements
between
the
Emperors
and
Princes
,
that
't
is
difficult
to
say
what
it
is
:
The
best
account
that
can
be
given
of
it
is
,
That
he
exercises
Regal
Authority
over
all
Germany
,
excepting
in
such
things
that
by
the
Grants
of
his
Predecessors
he
is
restrain'd
;
the
chief
whereof
are
as
follows
,
according
to
a
late
Author
that
collected
it
out
of
them
.
First
,
the
Emperor
hath
not
the
Legislative
Power
.
The
general
Law
all
over
the
Empire
is
the
Civil
or
Roman
,
mix'd
with
the
Canon
,
and
the
old
Customs
of
the
Germans
;
and
in
the
several
States
the
particular
Laws
made
by
them
,
which
firmly
oblige
in
their
own
Dominions
.
To
these
are
added
the
Statutes
of
the
Diets
,
by
which
alone
can
any
new
Law
be
introduced
,
or
any
Law
made
that
will
bind
all
the
States
;
and
such
Statute
or
Recess
(
as
it
is
call'd
)
of
the
Diet
,
obliges
the
Emperor
also
.
Next
,
the
Emperor
cannot
levy
Taxes
.
If
there
be
occasion
for
Mony
to
be
raised
for
the
Service
of
the
Empire
in
general
,
it
cannot
be
done
without
the
consent
of
the
Diet
.
By
the
Capitulary
of
the
present
Emperor
,
he
is
tyed
up
from
beginning
a
War
,
or
making
Alliance
with
a
Foreigner
without
the
consent
of
the
Electors
.
By
the
same
it
is
declar'd
,
That
the
Emperor
shall
not
deprive
any
Prince
or
State
of
their
Dignity
or
Dominions
.
Nor
can
he
impose
Religion
on
any
Prince
or
State
,
or
punish
any
Man
on
that
account
.
But
what
I
have
been
saying
of
the
limitation
of
the
Emperor's
Power
,
is
to
be
understood
of
him
as
he
is
Emperor
;
for
in
his
own
hereditary
Dominions
he
may
act
as
he
pleases
with
respect
to
the
particular
Laws
there
:
Wherefore
,
the
present
Emperor
being
King
of
Hungary
and
Bohemia
,
Arch-duke
of
Austria
,
Duke
of
Silesia
and
Marquess
of
Moravia
,
Duke
of
Stiria
,
Carinthia
and
Carniola
,
Earl
of
Tyrol
,
Cilley
and
Gorice
,
and
Lord
of
many
Cities
and
Territories
in
Schwaben
,
besides
what
he
has
lately
gain'd
from
the
Turks
,
is
a
very
powerful
and
mighty
Prince
,
and
able
to
carry
on
a
War
at
his
own
Expence
,
though
the
Diet
should
happen
to
disagree
with
him
.
The
Emperor
only
can
confer
Honours
,
create
Princes
and
affranchize
Cities
;
all
the
Princes
receive
Investiture
from
him
;
he
instituteth
Universities
.
and
't
is
he
only
can
give
leave
to
build
Cities
,
He
is
serv'd
by
the
greatest
Princes
of
Germany
,
address'd
to
by
the
name
of
Caesar
,
and
semper
Augustus
,
and
his
Embassadors
in
Foreign
Courts
take
place
of
those
of
all
the
Kings
and
States
of
Europe
.
Of
the
King
of
the
Romans
,
the
Electors
of
the
Empire
,
and
the
other
Princes
of
Germany
.
The
King
of
the
Romans
is
a
Dignity
erected
of
late
Ages
,
being
begun
in
the
time
of
Charles
IV
.
He
is
chosen
to
be
the
Emperor's
Deputy
in
case
of
his
Absence
or
Sickness
,
and
upon
his
Death
to
succeed
him
without
other
Election
.
This
was
introduced
in
Policy
by
the
Emperors
,
that
they
might
in
their
Lives
time
secure
the
Succession
to
their
Family
,
and
procure
their
Successors
better
Terms
than
they
might
be
able
to
obtain
in
a
vacancy
.
This
Dignity
,
therefore
,
is
not
constantly
in
being
,
and
hath
been
only
conferr'd
when
the
Emperors
have
had
a
Son
to
succeed
,
and
have
had
Interest
enough
to
engage
the
Electors
to
choose
him
.
The
Son
of
the
present
Emperor
was
elected
to
this
Honour
on
the
24th
Jan.
1682
/
90.
and
crown'd
at
Augsburg
two
days
after
.
The
Electoral
Princes
are
Nine
in
number
,
viz.
1.
The
Archbishop
of
Mentz
,
who
is
styled
Arch-Chancellor
of
Germany
,
Dean
of
the
Electoral
College
,
sits
on
the
Emperor's
right
Hand
in
the
Diet
,
and
had
formerly
the
right
of
crowning
the
King
of
Bohemia
.
2.
The
Archbishop
of
Trier
,
who
is
call'd
Arch-Chancellor
of
France
and
the
Kingdom
of
Arles
,
and
claims
the
first
Vote
in
the
election
of
the
Emperor
;
he
sits
over
against
the
Emperor
in
the
Diet
.
3.
The
Archbishop
of
Cologn
,
he
has
the
Title
of
Arch-Chancellor
of
Italy
,
claims
the
first
Vote
in
chusing
the
King
of
the
Romans
,
and
of
setting
the
Crown
on
his
Head
;
he
sits
next
the
Emperor
on
his
left
Hand
.
4.
The
King
of
Bohemia
,
he
is
Lord
Cup-bearer
to
the
Emperor
,
first
of
the
secular
Electors
,
and
in
publick
Processions
walks
next
the
Emperor
or
King
of
the
Romans
.
5.
The
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
who
is
Lord
Sewer
,
and
carrieth
the
Globe
before
the
Emperor
in
solemn
Processions
.
6.
The
Duke
of
Saxony
,
he
is
Lord
High
Marshal
of
the
Empire
,
and
carrieth
the
naked
Sword
before
the
Emperor
.
7.
The
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
,
he
is
Lord
High
Chamberlain
,
and
in
Processions
carrieth
the
Scepter
before
the
Emperor
.
8.
The
Count
Palatine
of
the
Rhine
,
who
is
Lord
High
Treasurer
,
and
in
the
Procession
at
the
Coronation
scattereth
the
Medals
among
the
People
.
9.
The
Duke
of
Brunswick-Lunenburg-Hanover
.
These
have
much
greater
Authority
,
and
enjoy
larger
Privileges
and
Rights
than
the
other
Princes
of
Germany
.
They
chuse
the
Emperor
and
King
of
the
Romans
,
and
pretend
a
Power
of
Deposing
him
.
In
some
Cases
they
exclude
the
rest
of
the
States
,
and
consult
by
themselves
Matters
of
greatest
Importance
;
the
Emperor
is
oblig'd
to
ask
their
Advice
when
he
calls
a
Diet
.
In
an
Interregnum
the
Elector
of
Saxony
and
the
Elector
Palatine
of
the
Rhine
govern
the
Empire
;
in
which
case
,
the
jurisdiction
of
the
former
extends
over
all
the
Northern
part
,
and
the
latter
governs
all
the
Countries
on
the
Rhine
,
the
Circle
of
Schawben
,
&c.
but
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
disputes
this
Right
with
the
Count
Palatine
,
and
at
the
death
of
the
last
Emperor
did
actually
take
the
Office
upon
him
;
which
the
other
protested
against
,
and
complain'd
of
as
an
Usurpation
upon
his
Right
.
At
what
time
or
by
what
means
these
Princes
first
obtain'd
the
Electoral
Power
is
not
certainly
known
:
The
common
Opinion
is
,
That
the
Emperor
Otho
III
.
and
Pope
Gregory
V.
instituted
them
;
but
this
is
disputed
,
and
many
learned
Men
are
of
Opinion
,
That
tho'
it
be
true
that
from
the
time
of
Otho
,
the
Empire
was
elective
,
yet
that
the
Elections
were
not
made
by
these
seven
Princes
only
,
but
by
the
great
Officers
of
the
Empire
in
general
,
of
whom
these
being
the
chief
and
most
considerable
by
their
Estates
,
made
a
shift
to
overtop
the
rest
,
and
assume
that
Power
wholly
to
themselves
;
this
is
dated
from
the
time
of
Frederick
II
.
and
Conrad
IV
.
at
the
death
of
the
last
of
which
,
several
Elections
were
made
at
the
same
time
,
and
the
Affairs
of
Germany
put
into
great
disorder
thereby
.
But
these
Princes
having
Power
enough
to
repeal
this
Act
,
made
it
a
Custom
,
which
was
at
last
past
into
a
Law
by
the
Emperor
Charles
IV
.
who
made
that
famous
Bulla
Area
(
so
call'd
from
the
golden
Seal
affix'd
to
it
)
that
contains
the
whole
form
of
the
Election
and
Power
of
the
Electors
.
The
number
of
these
Electors
were
then
but
seven
,
to
whom
an
eighth
was
added
in
this
Age
on
the
following
occasion
:
Frederick
V.
Count
Palatinate
,
falling
into
difference
with
the
Emperor
,
and
accepting
of
the
Crown
of
Bohemia
in
opposition
to
the
pretension
of
Ferdinand
II
.
was
by
him
proscrib'd
;
and
being
defeated
at
the
Battle
of
Prague
in
the
year
,
1620.
was
depriv'd
of
his
Country
and
Honours
,
which
the
Emperor
bestowed
upon
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
:
But
great
Contests
and
Wars
ensuing
thereupon
,
it
was
at
last
agreed
in
the
Westphalian
Treaty
,
A.
D.
1648.
That
the
Count
Palatine
should
be
restor'd
to
his
Electoral
Dignity
.
But
because
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
could
not
be
brought
to
part
with
his
,
an
eighth
Electorate
was
erected
for
him
,
and
part
of
his
Country
,
viz.
the
Lower
Palatinate
,
being
restor'd
he
has
since
had
the
Title
of
Elector
Palatine
of
the
Rhine
,
and
the
eighth
Seat
in
the
Electoral
College
.
To
this
number
there
has
been
yet
another
added
very
lately
,
viz.
in
the
year
,
1693.
and
by
the
Emperor's
favour
conferr'd
on
Ernestus
Augustus
Duke
of
Brunswick-Lunenburg-Hanover
.
The
other
Princes
are
,
the
Dukes
of
Lunenburg
,
Mechlenburg
,
Wurtemburg
,
Sax-Lauwenburg
,
Sax-Naumburg
,
Sax-Hall
,
Sax-Gotha
,
Sax-Mersburg
,
&c.
the
Marquisses
of
Baden
,
Culembach
,
&c.
the
Landgraves
of
Hesse
,
the
Princes
of
East-Friezland
,
Anhalt
,
Montbeliard
,
Birkfield
,
Nassaw
,
Furstemburg
,
Hoenzolleren
,
&c.
the
Counts
of
Solm
,
Dietrichstein
,
Aversburg
,
with
many
others
.
As
also
,
the
Archbishop
of
Saltzburg
,
the
Bishops
of
Munster
,
Liege
,
Wurtzburg
,
Bamberg
,
Paderborn
,
Osnabrug
,
Aichstadt
,
Strasburg
,
Augsburg
,
Basil
,
Constans
,
Hildesheim
,
Spire
,
Worms
,
Passaw
and
Lubeck
,
together
with
some
Abbots
,
and
the
Great
Master
of
the
Teutonick
Order
,
&c.
these
have
Sovereign
Authority
in
their
own
Estates
,
and
govern
their
Subjects
without
cognizance
of
the
Emperor
.
There
is
yet
another
Class
of
Sovereign
States
in
Germany
,
viz.
The
Imperial
Cities
and
Hanse-Towns
.
The
Cities
of
Germany
were
,
from
their
beginning
,
endow'd
with
large
Priviledges
,
which
were
given
by
the
Princes
that
built
them
to
invite
the
People
to
inhabit
them
,
and
leave
the
rude
manner
of
Living
they
had
been
accustom'd
to
before
the
Fifth
Century
after
Christ
.
Accordingly
,
upon
this
encouragement
,
they
flock'd
to
the
Cities
and
betook
themselves
to
Manufactures
and
Trades
;
by
which
being
in
time
grown
Rich
,
many
of
the
Cities
obtain'd
by
purchase
or
otherwise
,
exemption
from
the
jurisdiction
of
the
Princes
in
whose
Dominion
they
stood
,
and
by
permission
of
the
Emperors
at
several
times
,
were
erected
into
independent
States
,
to
be
govern'd
by
their
own
Magistrates
under
the
protection
of
the
Emperor
,
each
City
paying
its
proportion
in
all
Taxes
levied
for
the
publick
Service
of
the
Empire
;
and
these
are
those
Cities
that
are
call'd
Imperial
and
Free
,
and
are
very
numerous
,
the
Catalogue
of
them
would
be
too
tedious
;
the
Reader
will
find
them
noted
in
the
following
Description
,
to
which
we
refer
him
.
These
Cities
have
frequently
made
Leagues
for
their
mutual
Defence
:
As
also
for
the
sake
of
Trade
,
upon
which
account
was
form'd
the
famous
Hanseatick
Society
,
which
was
a
League
made
between
several
of
the
Maritime
Cities
of
Germany
,
(
whereof
Hamburg
and
Lubeck
were
the
Chief
)
about
the
end
of
the
13th
.
Century
,
for
their
mutual
assistance
in
carrying
on
their
Commerce
,
by
which
they
grew
very
considerable
,
and
engag'd
many
Cities
into
their
Society
,
even
to
the
number
of
near
fourscore
;
they
also
obtained
large
Privileges
,
and
exercised
a
Jurisdiction
among
themselves
;
to
which
purpose
they
were
divided
into
four
Circles
,
distinguish'd
by
the
names
of
the
four
Principal
Cities
among
them
,
viz.
Lubeck
,
Cologn
,
Brunswick
and
Dantzick
wherein
were
held
their
Courts
of
Judicature
.
They
were
call'd
Hanse
or
Anse
,
q
.
d
.
am
zee
on
the
Sea
,
because
the
Society
at
first
consisted
only
of
such
,
tho
afterwards
many
Inland
Cities
were
introduced
:
't
is
true
,
this
Etymology
is
disputed
,
and
many
others
assign'd
;
but
this
seems
the
most
probable
,
and
therefore
we
shall
name
no
more
.
The
most
flourishing
time
of
this
Society
was
from
about
the
year
1400
to
1500.
after
which
it
declin'd
,
and
is
at
present
not
very
considerable
.
Of
the
Diet
of
the
Empire
.
The
Diet
or
Parliament
of
Germany
is
compos'd
of
the
Electors
,
the
Princes
,
Spiritual
and
Temporal
,
of
the
Empire
;
and
the
Deputies
of
the
Imperial
Cities
.
This
general
Assembly
of
all
the
Estates
of
the
Empire
is
summoned
by
the
Emperor
,
by
Letters
directed
to
every
Member
six
Months
before
the
Session
,
informing
them
of
the
time
and
place
.
When
they
are
assembled
,
the
Emperor
,
or
his
Commissioner
proposes
to
them
the
Matters
to
be
transacted
,
which
are
things
that
concern
the
whole
Empire
in
general
,
such
as
raising
Mony
for
a
Foreign
War
,
and
making
Laws
which
oblige
all
the
States
.
The
Diet
is
divided
into
three
Houses
,
which
are
,
the
Electors
,
the
Princes
,
and
the
Cities
:
In
the
first
the
Bishop
of
Mentz
is
Speaker
;
in
the
second
some
Prince
of
the
House
of
Austria
and
the
Bishop
of
Saltzburg
by
turns
;
and
in
the
third
,
that
City
in
which
the
Session
is
held
.
The
Princes
are
divided
into
two
Benches
,
the
Spiritual
and
Temporal
:
The
Cities
also
are
divided
into
two
Benches
,
the
Rheinische
and
the
Sc●wabische
;
on
the
former
sit
the
Deputies
of
the
Cities
on
the
Rhine
,
&c.
and
on
the
latter
the
Cities
in
Schwaben
,
Franconia
,
&c.
The
Diet
was
formerly
assembled
annually
,
but
latterly
not
so
often
,
except
at
this
time
of
War
;
and
it
is
at
the
Emperor's
pleasure
to
call
it
;
only
in
case
of
his
omission
the
Electors
may
advise
him
to
it
;
the
States
judging
it
convenient
that
it
be
assembled
once
in
three
years
.
The
place
of
its
Meeting
is
also
at
the
Emperors
disposal
;
Mentz
was
by
Charles
the
Great
appointed
for
it
,
but
it
has
since
been
held
at
several
other
free
Cities
:
At
present
Ratisbon
is
the
usual
place
of
its
meeting
.
Of
the
Supream
Courts
of
Judicature
.
The
chief
Court
for
determining
great
Causes
in
Germany
is
the
Imperial
Chamber
:
At
first
the
Emperors
with
their
chief
Ministers
heard
and
decided
all
considerable
Causes
,
but
those
growing
numerous
,
Maximilian
I.
settl'd
a
Court
at
Worms
in
1495.
which
was
afterwards
removed
to
Spire
,
and
nam'd
the
Imperial
Chamber
,
wherein
Causes
are
Tryed
by
certain
Judges
call'd
Assessors
;
of
these
at
first
there
were
sixteen
,
now
fifty
,
whereof
the
Emperor
appoints
the
President
and
the
four
chief
Officers
,
the
Electors
chuse
each
of
them
one
,
and
the
rest
are
nam'd
by
the
other
Princes
and
States
of
the
Empire
;
Disputes
between
the
Princes
are
brought
before
this
Court
,
as
also
other
Causes
,
by
Appeal
from
Inferior
Cours
.
The
Seat
of
it
was
establish'd
at
Spires
,
never
to
be
remov'd
without
consent
of
the
Diet
;
but
in
this
present
War
,
the
City
having
been
taken
and
burnt
by
the
French
,
it
is
remov'd
and
and
establish'd
at
Wetstar
in
Hesse
,
by
consent
of
the
Diet
.
The
Emperor
holds
another
high
Court
in
his
Palace
,
which
is
call'd
the
Chamber
of
Vienna
,
and
is
of
equal
Authority
with
that
of
Spire
:
The
Emperor
by
himself
,
or
Deputy
,
sits
as
Chief
,
and
is
assisted
by
a
certain
number
of
Judges
,
whereof
part
are
Protestants
:
This
Court
decides
all
great
Causes
brought
by
Appeal
from
subordinate
Courts
,
and
claims
the
same
Authority
with
the
Chamber
of
Spire
.
The
Arch-bishopricks
,
Bishopricks
and
Universities
in
Germany
.
For
the
Government
of
the
Church
there
are
seven
Arch-bishops
,
and
thirty
five
Bishops
;
which
are
as
follow
.
-
I.
The
Arch-bishop
of
Mentz
hath
12
Suffragans
,
viz.
-
The
Bishops
of
1.
Spire
,
2.
Worms
,
3.
Strasburg
,
4.
Wurtzburg
,
Aichstat
,
6.
Verden
,
7.
Chur
,
8.
Hildesheim
,
9.
Paderborn
,
10.
Constance
,
11.
Halberstadt
,
and
12.
Bamburg
exempt
.
-
II
.
The
Arch-bishop
of
Trier
hath
3
Suffragans
,
viz.
-
The
Bishops
of
Metz
,
Toul
and
Verdun
.
-
III
.
The
Arch-bishop
of
Cologn
hath
4
Suffragans
,
viz.
-
The
Bishops
of
Liege
,
Munster
,
Minden
and
Osnabruck
.
-
IV
.
The
Arch-bishop
of
Magdeburg
,
hath
5
Suffragans
,
viz.
-
The
Bishops
of
Meissen
exempt
,
Maesburg
,
Naumburg
,
Brandenburg
and
Havelberg
.
-
V.
The
Arch-bishop
of
Saltzburg
hath
10
Suffragans
,
viz.
-
The
Bishops
of
1.
Freisenghen
,
2.
Ratisbon
exempt
,
3.
Passaw
,
4.
Chiemse
,
5.
Seckaw
,
6.
Lavant
.
7.
Brixen
,
8.
Gurk
,
9.
Vienna
exempt
,
and
10.
Newstadt
.
-
VI
.
The
Arch-bishop
of
Bremen
hath
3
Suffragans
,
viz.
-
The
Bishops
of
Lubeck
,
Ratzburg
and
Scheweirin
.
-
VII
.
The
Arch-bishop
of
Prague
hath
3
Suffragans
,
viz.
-
The
Bishops
of
Olmutz
,
Leutmeritz
and
Koningsgratz
.
And
,
for
Propagation
of
Learning
,
Universities
are
establish'd
in
these
following
Cities
,
viz.
|
Founded
A.
D.
|
At
Vienna
,
|
1365
|
Prague
,
|
1358
|
Mentz
,
|
1482
|
Cologn
.
|
1388
|
Triers
,
|
1558
|
Liege
,
|
1129
|
Heidelberg
,
|
1346
|
Leipsick
,
|
1408
|
Erfurt
,
|
1391
|
Friburg
,
|
1463
|
Ingolstadt
,
|
1472
|
Tubingen
,
|
1477
|
Rostock
,
|
1490
|
Wittemberg
,
|
1502
|
Francfort
on
the
Oder
,
|
1506
|
At
Marpurg
.
|
1526
|
Strasburg
,
|
1538
|
Gripswald
,
|
1547
|
Dillinghen
,
|
1549
|
Jena
,
|
1558
|
Lewenghen
,
about
|
1560
|
Helmstadt
,
|
1576
|
Herbron
,
now
Sigen
,
|
1589
|
Paderborn
,
|
1592
|
Altorf
,
|
1622
|
Giessen
,
|
1607
|
Olmutz
in
Moravia
,
|
Kiel
,
|
1669
|
Gratz
,
|
New
.
|
At
Hanaw
a
Schola
illustris
.
|
The
EMPIRE
is
divided
in
TEN
CIRCLES
,
which
are
as
follow
.
The
Circle
of
the
UPPER
SAXONY
containing
the
Dukedom
of
Pomerania
,
the
Electorate
of
Brandenburg
,
and
the
States
of
Saxony
;
the
Earldoms
of
Mansfield
,
Schwartzenburg
,
Stolberg
and
Barby
,
the
Landgraviate
of
Thuringen
,
the
Marquisate
of
Misnia
with
the
Dutchies
of
Altemburg
,
Mersburg
,
and
Naumburg
and
Voitland
;
as
also
the
Bishoprick
of
Havelberg
,
the
Abby
of
Queidlemberg
,
&c.
The
Director
of
this
Circle
is
the
Elector
of
Saxony
.
The
Circle
of
the
LOWER
SAXONY
,
which
contains
the
Dutchy
of
Holstein
,
the
Dutchies
of
Mecklenburg
,
Lawenburg
,
Bremen
,
Perden
,
Brunswick
,
Lunenburg
,
Hanover
,
and
Magdeburg
,
the
Principality
of
Halberstadt
,
the
Bishopricks
of
Hildersheim
and
Lubeck
.
The
Directors
of
this
Circle
are
the
Duke
of
Brandenburg
and
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
by
turns
.
The
Circle
of
WESTPHALIA
,
containing
the
County
of
Emden
or
East-Friezland
,
the
County
of
Oldenburg
and
Delmenhorst
,
the
Bishoprick
of
Munster
,
the
Principality
of
Minden
,
the
Counties
of
Diepholt
,
Hoya
,
Benthem
,
Tecklenburg
,
Steinfort
,
Lemgow
,
Lippe
,
Ravensburg
and
Spigelburg
,
the
Bishopricks
of
Osnabruck
,
Paderborne
and
Liege
,
and
the
Abbey
of
Corbey
;
the
Dutchy
of
Westphalia
,
the
Dutchy
of
Cleeves
,
the
Dutchy
of
Juliers
,
the
Dutchy
of
Berg
,
and
the
County
of
Marck
.
The
Directors
are
the
Bishop
of
Munster
and
the
Duke
of
Newburg
.
The
Circle
of
the
LOWER
RHINE
,
wherein
are
the
three
Spiritual
Electorates
and
Archbishopricks
of
Mentz
,
Triers
and
Cologn
,
the
Palatinate
,
and
the
Electorate
of
the
Rhine
,
with
the
Bishoprick
of
Worms
.
The
Director
is
the
Arch-bishop
of
Mentz
.
The
Circle
of
the
UPPER
RHINE
,
contains
the
Landgraviates
of
Hesse
and
Darmstadt
,
the
Counties
of
Nassaw
,
Solms
,
Waldeck
,
Hanaw
,
Erpach
;
the
Bishoprick
of
Spires
,
the
Abbies
of
Fuld
and
Hirschfeld
,
the
Dutchy
of
Zweibrukken
,
and
Alsatia
.
The
Elector
Palatine
and
the
Bishop
of
Worms
are
the
Directors
.
The
Circle
of
FRANCONIA
,
wherein
are
contain'd
the
Bishoprick
of
Wurtzburg
,
Bamberg
and
Aihhstadt
;
the
Principality
of
Hemeberg
,
the
Dutchy
of
Coburg
,
the
Marquisate
of
Culembach
,
the
Marquisate
of
Ohnspach
,
the
Burgraviate
of
Neurenberg
,
the
Estate
of
the
Great
Master
of
the
Teutonick
Order
,
the
Counties
of
Reineck
,
Wertheim
,
Holach
,
Papenheim
,
Schwartzenberg
,
Castel
and
Sensheim
.
The
Directors
of
this
Circle
are
the
Bishop
of
Bamberg
and
the
Marquess
of
Culembach
.
The
Circle
of
SCHWABEN
comprehends
the
Dutchy
of
Wurtemburg
,
with
the
County
of
Loebenstein
,
and
the
Principality
of
Hoen-Zollern
,
the
Marquisate
of
Baden
,
the
Marquisate
of
Ortnaw
,
the
Territory
of
Brisgow
,
the
Bishoprick
of
Constance
,
the
Principality
of
Furstemburg
,
and
County
of
Rheinfelden
,
the
Bishoprick
of
Augsburg
,
the
Abbies
of
Kempten
,
&c.
the
Counties
of
Oeting
,
Koniseck
and
Mindelheim
;
the
Marquisate
of
Burgaw
,
the
Baronies
of
Limpurg
and
Justingen
,
the
Estate
of
the
Fuggers
,
and
the
Territory
of
Ulm
.
The
Directors
are
the
Duke
of
Wurtemburg
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Constance
.
The
Circle
of
BAVARIA
,
contains
the
Dutchy
and
Electorate
of
Bavaria
,
with
the
Bishopricks
of
Freisengen
,
Ratisbon
and
Passaw
;
the
Palatinate
of
Bavaria
,
the
Dutchy
of
Newburg
,
the
County
of
Sultzback
and
the
Abbey
of
Waldsassen
,
the
Archbishoprick
of
Slatzburg
,
and
the
Provostship
of
Bergtelsgarden
.
The
Directors
of
this
Circle
are
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
and
the
Arch-bishop
of
Saltzburg
.
The
Circle
of
AUSTRIA
,
wherein
are
contain'd
the
Arch-dukedom
of
Austria
,
the
Dutchies
of
Stiria
,
Carinthia
,
Carniola
,
the
County
of
Tyrol
,
and
the
Bishoprick
of
Trent
.
The
Arch-duke
of
Austria
is
Director
of
this
Circle
.
The
other
Circle
was
the
17
Provinces
of
the
Netherlands
,
which
the
Emperor
Charles
V.
made
a
part
of
the
Empire
,
by
the
name
of
the
Circle
of
BURGUNDY
,
but
those
have
now
no
Votes
in
the
Diet
;
and
,
having
been
already
describ'd
,
we
need
not
say
any
more
of
them
.
To
these
must
be
added
the
Kingdom
of
BOHEMIA
,
with
the
Dutchy
of
SILESIA
and
Marquisate
of
LUSATIA
and
MORAVIA
,
all
subject
to
the
House
of
Austria
,
and
reckon'd
part
of
the
Empire
.
For
more
particular
satisfaction
,
see
the
ensuing
Table
of
the
division
and
sub-division
of
all
Germany
,
viz.
-
In
the
Circle
of
the
Lower
Saxony
are
comprehended
-
The
Dukedoms
of
-
Mecklenburg
,
divided
into
the
Territories
of
-
Mecklenburg
,
-
Schwerin
,
-
Gustrow
,
-
Rostock
,
-
Weismar
.
-
Sax-Lawemburg
,
and
County
of
Ratzeburg
.
-
Part
of
the
Dutchy
of
Holstein
,
wherein
stands
-
Hamburg
,
-
Lubeck
.
-
The
Dukedoms
of
-
Bremen
.
-
Brunswick
divided
into
-
Brunswick
,
-
Wolfembuttel
,
-
Hanover
.
-
Lunnburg
divided
into
-
Luenenburg
,
-
Zell
,
-
Zell
,
D.
-
Dameberg
C.
-
Magdeburg
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Hildesheim
,
-
The
Principality
of
Halberstadt
,
-
The
Principality
of
Ferden
.
-
In
the
Circle
of
the
Upper
Saxony
,
are
-
Pomerania
divided
into
-
Royal
,
subject
to
the
Sweeds
,
divided
into
the
Territories
of
-
Bardt
,
-
Gutzkow
,
-
Walgost
,
-
Stetin
.
-
Ducal
,
under
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
in
which
are
the
Territories
of
-
Pomerania
,
-
Cassuben
,
-
Venden
,
-
Butow
,
-
Lawenburg
.
-
Brandenburg
,
divided
into
-
Altmark
.
-
Middlemark
divided
into
-
Middlemark
,
-
Prignitz
,
-
Rupen
,
-
Ukerana
.
-
Newmark
divided
into
-
Newmark
,
-
Sternberg
.
-
The
Dukedom
of
Saxony
.
-
Principality
of
Anhalt
,
divided
into
-
Dessaw
,
-
Bruburg
,
-
Zerbst
,
-
Koten
,
-
Plotzka
.
-
Earldom
of
Mansfeld
divided
into
the
Branches
of
-
Arnstein
,
-
Vipran
,
-
Wetinf
,
-
Querurt
.
-
The
Counties
of
-
Schwartzburg
,
-
Hohenstein
.
-
Landgraviate
of
Thuringen
.
-
The
Territories
of
-
Erfurt
,
-
Eischfeld
.
-
Subject
to
several
Branches
of
the
House
of
Saxony
.
The
Counties
of
-
Hall
,
-
Mersburg
,
-
Naumburg
,
-
Weimer
,
-
Gotha
,
-
Eysenach
,
-
Altenburg
.
-
The
Marquisate
of
Misnia
,
divided
into
the
Territories
of
-
Meissen
,
-
Ertzburg
,
-
Leypsick
.
-
In
the
Circle
of
Westphalia
.
-
The
County
of
Embden
or
East
Friezland
.
-
The
County
of
Oldenburg
,
with
Delmenhorst
.
-
The
Bishopricks
of
-
Munster
,
divided
into
the
-
Upper
.
-
Lower
.
-
Osnabrug
,
-
Paderborn
.
-
The
County
of
Benthen
.
-
The
Principality
of
Minden
,
-
The
Counties
of
-
Diepholt
,
,
-
Hoye
,
-
Lemgow
,
-
Schaumburg
.
-
Lippe
,
-
Ravensberg
.
-
Rheda
,
-
Spigelberg
,
-
Ritberg
,
-
Tecklenberg
.
-
The
D.
of
Westphalia
,
under
the
Elector
of
Cologn
.
-
The
County
of
Mark
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
-
Berg
,
-
Juliers
,
-
Cleeve
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Liege
.
-
Several
Imperial
Cities
.
-
In
the
Circle
of
the
Lower
Rhine
.
-
The
Archbishopricks
and
Electorates
of
-
MENTZ
,
-
TRIERS
-
COLOGNE
-
The
Electorate
of
the
Rhine
,
in
which
are
included
.
-
The
Palatinate
of
the
Rhine-Sponheim
,
being
the
12
Bailiwicks
of
Simmeren
,
Creutsnach
,
Openheim
,
&c.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Worms
.
-
In
the
Circle
of
the
Upper
Rhine
.
-
Hesse
,
divided
in
the
Landgraviates
of
-
Cassel
,
-
Marpurg
,
-
Darmstadt
.
-
The
Abbies
of
-
Fuld
,
-
Hirschfeld
.
-
The
County
of
Waldeck
.
-
The
Wateraw
,
containing
the
Cities
of
-
Nassaw
,
divided
into
these
Branches
.
-
Dillemberg
,
-
Dietz
,
-
Hadamar
,
-
Kerberg
,
-
Sigen
.
-
Idestein
,
-
Weilburg
,
-
Wisbaden
.
-
Bielstein
.
-
Solms
,
-
Hanaw
,
-
Eysenberg
,
-
Sayn
,
-
Wied
,
-
Witgenstein
,
-
Hatzfeld
,
-
Westerberg
.
-
The
County
of
Erpach
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Spire
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Zweibruken
,
or
Deuxponts
.
-
The
County
of
Catzenelbogen
.
-
Landgraviate
of
Alsatia
divided
into
-
Upper
.
-
Lower
.
-
The
Territory
of
the
City
of
Francfort
,
-
In
the
Circle
of
Franconia
are
these
States
.
-
The
Bishopricks
of
-
Wurtzberg
,
-
Bamberg
,
-
Aichstat
.
-
The
State
of
the
Great
Master
of
the
Teutonick
Order
.
-
The
Marquisates
of
-
Culembach
,
-
Onspach
.
-
The
Principality
of
Henneberg
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Coburg
.
-
The
Burgraviate
of
Nuremburg
.
-
The
Counties
of
-
Holach
,
-
Castel
,
-
Schwartzenberg
,
-
Rcineck
,
-
Wertheim
,
-
Holach
,
-
Papenheim
,
-
Sensheim
,
-
Limpurg
,
-
Erpach
.
-
Several
Imperial
Cities
.
-
In
the
Circle
of
Schwaben
are
-
The
Dutchy
of
Wurtemburg
,
with
the
Counties
of
-
Loebenstein
,
-
Hohenberg
.
-
And
the
Principality
of
Hoenzollern
.
-
Baden
divided
into
the
Marquisates
of
-
Baden
,
-
Durlach
.
-
Marquisate
of
Ortnaw
.
-
Territory
of
Brisgow
.
-
The
Black
Forest
,
wherein
are
-
Principality
of
Furstemburg
.
-
The
County
of
Rheinfelden
.
-
Territory
of
Hegow
comprizing
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Constance
.
-
Landgraviate
Nellenburg
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Augsburg
.
-
The
Abbies
of
-
Kempten
,
-
Buchaw
,
-
Lindaw
.
-
The
Marquisate
of
Burgaw
.
-
The
County
of
-
Oesing
,
-
Pappenheim
,
-
Koningseck
,
-
Hohenrechburg
,
-
Mindelheim
.
-
The
Barony
of
Walburgh
.
-
The
Estate
of
the
Family
of
the
Fuggers
.
-
The
Territory
of
the
City
Ulm
.
-
And
many
Imperial
Cities
.
-
The
Circle
of
Bavaria
.
-
Nortgow
,
or
the
Palatinate
of
Bavaria
,
wherein
are
also
included
the
-
Landgr
.
Lenchtenburg
-
County
of
Chamb
.
-
Territory
of
Amberg
.
-
The
Dutchy
and
Electorate
of
Bavaria
divided
into
the
Territories
of
-
Munchen
,
-
Ingolstadt
.
-
Together
with
the
Bishoprick
of
-
Freisingen
.
-
County
of
Partenkirk
.
-
The
Lower
Bavaria
,
divided
into
the
three
Territories
of
-
Straubing
,
-
Landshut
,
-
Burkhausen
.
-
The
Archbishoprick
of
Saltzburg
.
-
The
Bishopricks
of
-
Ratisbon
,
-
Passaw
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Newburg
,
-
The
Provostship
of
Bergtelsgarden
.
-
In
the
Circle
of
Austria
,
-
The
Arch-Dutchy
of
Austria
,
divided
into
-
Higher
,
divided
into
the
Territories
of
-
Muhl
,
-
Schartz
,
-
Hauss
,
-
Traun
.
-
Lower
,
divided
into
the
Territories
of
-
Upper
Viennerwald
-
Lower
Viennerwald
-
Upper
Manhartsberg
-
Lower
Manhartsberg
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Styria
,
with
-
The
County
of
Cilley
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Carniola
,
with
the
Marquisate
of
Windischmark
,
and
-
The
County
of
Goritz
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Carinthia
.
-
The
County
of
Tirol
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Brixen
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Trent
.
The
Kingdom
of
Bohemia
is
divided
into
16
Circles
.
The
Marquisate
of
Lusatia
,
into
Higher
and
Lower
.
The
Dutchy
of
Silesia
,
divided
into
Higher
and
Lower
.
The
Marquisate
of
Moravia
into
Eastern
and
Western
.
Also
SAVOY
and
SWISSERLAND
are
reckon'd
part
of
the
Empire
;
but
these
being
now
distinct
States
shall
be
spoken
of
apart
hereafter
.
CHAP.
II
.
Of
the
Spiritual
ELECTORATES
.
IN
this
description
of
Germany
,
we
shall
pursue
the
same
Method
as
in
the
other
parts
,
and
without
regard
to
the
Precedencies
of
Princes
,
place
the
Descriptions
according
to
the
situations
of
the
Countries
,
and
therefore
begin
with
Cologne
rather
than
Mentz
and
Triers
,
because
this
lyes
first
in
the
way
from
the
Netherlands
,
whence
we
are
last
come
,
omitting
Cleeve
and
Juliers
,
till
we
come
back
to
Westphalia
and
the
Dominions
of
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
whereon
they
depend
.
From
Cologne
we
shall
pass
up
the
Rhine
,
taking
in
by
the
way
the
Maine
and
Neckar
,
together
with
so
much
of
the
Moselle
as
lyes
in
Germany
:
And
having
viewed
all
the
Countries
on
both
sides
of
these
Rivers
,
pursue
our
Journey
through
Suabia
to
the
Danube
and
the
Estates
of
the
House
of
Austria
;
thence
through
Bohemia
and
its
Dependencies
,
Coast
the
Oder
,
Elbe
and
Weser
,
and
at
last
return
through
Westphalia
again
to
the
Banks
of
the
Rhine
.
SECT
.
I.
The
Electorate
of
COLOGNE
.
The
Arch-bishoprick
and
Electorate
of
COLOGNE
is
extended
on
the
Western
Bank
of
the
Rhine
,
between
the
Dutchy
of
Cleeve
on
the
North
,
and
the
Electorate
of
Trier
on
the
South
,
the
Dutchy
of
Juliers
on
the
West
,
and
that
of
Berg
(
parted
from
it
by
the
Rhine
)
on
the
East
.
It
is
a
fruitful
and
pleasant
Country
,
producing
excellent
Wine
,
besides
Corn
and
other
Necessaries
for
Life
.
Its
extent
is
not
large
,
for
though
it
be
about
40
miles
in
length
,
it
is
not
above
7
or
8
in
breadth
;
the
Arch-bishop
is
Supream
Lord
of
it
,
as
also
of
a
pretty
large
Country
in
Westphalia
,
and
is
richer
and
more
potent
than
either
of
the
other
two
Ecclesiastical
Electors
;
his
Annual
Revenue
being
reckon'd
to
be
above
100
Thousand
Pounds
Sterling
.
He
is
dignified
with
the
Title
of
Arch-Chancellor
of
the
Empire
,
and
Legate
in
Italy
.
This
See
was
advanced
from
Episcopal
to
Archi-Episcopal
in
the
year
743
;
to
which
was
added
the
Dignity
of
Elector
in
1021.
The
Arch-bishop
is
chosen
by
the
Chapter
,
which
is
the
most
Illustrious
of
any
in
Germany
(
being
composed
all
of
Princes
or
Noblemen
at
least
(
private
Gentlemen
being
excluded
)
and
are
24
in
number
.
The
present
Ar●hbishop
and
Elector
of
Cologne
,
is
Prince
Clement
,
●rother
to
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
who
was
choser
July
14.
1688.
and
Invested
,
notwithstanding
the
P●etensions
of
Cardinal
Furstemburg
,
the
Justification
o●
which
by
the
French
King
,
and
the
Opposition
of
●t
by
the
Emperor
,
was
the
occasion
of
the
beginning
o●
this
present
War
.
The
chief
Cities
and
Towns
of
this
Electorate
are
,
-
Cologne
,
Cap.
-
Bonne
.
-
Mulheim
.
-
Rheinberck
.
-
Kempen
.
-
Keyserswaert
.
-
Nuys
.
-
Breel
.
-
Zons
.
-
Aremsbe●g
.
-
Werle
.
-
Geseck
.
-
Dorsten
.
-
Recklenhausen
,
&c.
COLOGNE
,
or
Colen
,
call'd
Keulen
by
the
Germans
,
and
in
Latin
Colonia
Agripina
,
and
Colonia
Ubiorum
is
seated
on
the
River
Rhine
,
a●
the
distance
of
65
miles
from
Mentll
,
and
35
from
●oblentz
to
the
North
,
56
from
Nimeguen
,
and
20
from
Duseldorp
to
the
South
,
and
60
from
Ma●strich
to
the
West
.
It
is
one
of
the
largest
Cities
of
Germany
,
and
very
considerable
on
account
of
its
Buildings
,
number
of
Inhabitants
,
and
great
Trade
in
Wine
and
other
Commodies
of
Germany
,
which
by
the
means
of
the
Rhine
are
brought
hither
,
and
Transported
to
Holland
.
It
is
a
free
City
,
being
Govern'd
by
its
own
Senate
,
which
orders
and
judges
all
Civil
Matters
and
Causes
;
but
Criminal
are
judg'd
by
the
Elector
.
It
is
also
one
of
the
four
chief
Hans
Towns
and
is
called
the
Holy
City
,
because
of
the
many
Churches
and
Religious
Houses
in
it
;
here
being
besides
the
Cathedral
,
10
Collegiate
and
19
Parochial
Churches
;
also
37
Monasteries
and
many
Hospitals
.
In
the
Cathedral
they
shew
the
Tombs
of
the
Three
Wise
Men
that
came
to
Worship
our
Saviour
,
call'd
hence
the
Three
Kings
of
Colen
,
whose
Bones
they
pretend
were
removed
to
Constantinople
by
Helena
the
Mother
of
Constantine
;
thence
they
were
carried
to
Milan
,
by
Eustorsius
Bishop
of
that
See
,
and
afterwards
brought
hither
by
Rainold
Archbishop
of
Colen
.
Three
Skulls
very
richly
Enshirned
are
shewn
to
Strangers
,
and
affirm'd
to
have
belong'd
to
their
Bodies
,
and
to
have
great
Virtue
in
Curing
,
Diseases
by
Touch
,
&c.
One
of
the
Parish-Churches
is
dedicated
to
S.
Ursula
,
who
with
her
11000
Virgins
,
they
say
,
were
Martyr'd
here
.
An
University
was
long
since
planted
here
,
which
being
Declin'd
,
was
Reestablished
in
1388.
and
Endow'd
with
large
Privileges
by
Pope
Urban
VI
.
and
is
at
present
in
a
very
flourishing
State
.
The
Walls
of
this
City
are
flanked
with
83
Towers
,
and
encompass'd
with
three
deep
Ditches
;
whereof
see
here
the
Draught
.
map of Cologne
COLOGNE
C●logne
was
Built
,
or
Repair'd
,
and
Enlarged
at
least
;
by
the
Ubii
,
who
possessed
the
Weteraw
and
Hassia
,
and
in
the
time
of
Augustus
obtain'd
this
Country
and
Juliers
of
that
Emperor
(
being
disturbed
by
the
Catti
their
Neighbours
)
and
put
themselves
under
the
●rotection
of
Agrippa
,
from
whence
some
say
it
had
its
na●e
,
or
as
others
from
Agrippina
(
Daughter
to
Germanicu
.
Wife
of
Claudius
,
and
Mother
to
Nero
)
who
was
born
●ere
.
It
was
the
Metropolis
of
the
Germania
Secunda
,
and
the
Seat
of
the
chief
Roman
Colony
.
Meroue
King
of
France
beat
the
Romans
hence
about
the
year
450.
●and
quickly
after
Attila
the
Hunn
ruin'd
it
.
Afterwards
the
Romans
Re-built
it
;
and
it
was
again
taken
by
the
French
,
and
about
the
year
500
made
part
of
their
Kingdom
by
Clovis
the
Great
.
The
Emperor
Otho
about
950.
subjected
it
to
its
Prelate
,
which
was
opposed
by
the
Citizens
;
and
great
Differences
at
several
times
have
happen'd
thereupon
,
which
were
at
last
composed
by
the
Emperor
Maximilian
,
and
the
City
made
Free
and
Imperial
,
but
oblig'd
to
pay
Homage
to
the
Elector
,
who
is
also
oblig'd
to
confirm
their
Privileges
:
And
they
are
still
so
tenacious
of
Liberty
,
that
though
the
Elector
by
his
Officers
exercise
Justice
in
all
Criminal
Causes
in
the
City
,
they
will
not
permit
him
in
Person
to
reside
long
in
Town
,
nor
come
with
a
great
Train
;
for
which
reason
he
lives
always
at
Bonne
.
It
was
in
the
year
1260.
that
this
City
entred
into
the
League
of
the
Hans
Towns
,
and
was
made
the
Capital
of
their
Fourth
Province
.
Cologn
is
seated
in
the
Lat
51
Deg
.
and
Long
.
26
Deg
.
In
a
Convent
of
Carmelites
not
far
from
hence
,
a
Treaty
of
Peace
was
set
on
foot
in
1673
between
the
Emperor
,
King
of
Spain
,
France
,
&c.
And
the
several
Princes
sent
their
Plenipotentiaries
accordingly
,
but
it
was
interrupted
by
the
Seizure
of
William
Prince
of
Furstemburg
,
since
made
Cardinal
,
who
tho'
a
German
and
a
Count
of
the
Empire
,
had
espoused
the
Interest
of
France
,
and
was
made
that
King's
Ambassador
at
this
Treaty
,
in
which
he
carried
Matters
so
high
,
that
he
defeated
the
endeavours
of
the
several
Ministers
for
Peace
,
and
made
the
Emperor
cause
him
to
be
Seized
and
carried
to
Vienna
,
where
he
was
detain'd
close
Prisoner
till
the
Treaty
of
Nimeguen
.
Bonne
,
Bonna
,
Colonia
Julia
Bonna
;
also
Ara
Ubiorum
,
from
the
Altars
erected
here
by
the
Ubii
the
ancient
Inhabitants
;
is
the
usual
place
of
Residence
of
the
Archbishop
of
Colen
,
who
has
a
magnificent
Palace
here
in
the
Castle
.
It
stands
upon
the
Rhine
10
miles
South
from
Colen
,
in
a
fruitful
Country
,
which
produces
very
good
Wine
,
and
the
Woods
abound
with
variety
of
Game
.
A
ridge
of
Mountains
on
both
sides
the
Rhine
,
reach
from
hence
as
far
as
Bingen
.
It
is
a
small
City
,
but
well
Inhabited
:
The
Churches
are
stately
,
especially
the
Collegiate
Dedicated
to
the
Holy
Martyrs
Cassius
,
Florentius
,
and
Malusius
,
whose
Bodies
with
several
other
of
the
famous
Theban
Legion
are
said
to
be
Buried
in
it
,
being
brought
hither
by
S.
Helena
,
who
Founded
this
C●urch
to
their
Honour
.
The
Town-house
is
well
Bu●lt
,
and
adorn'd
with
fine
Paintings
.
This
was
former●●
an
Imperial
City
,
but
now
subject
to
the
Elect●r
.
Frederick
of
Austria
,
chosen
Emperor
in
opposition
to
Lewis
of
Bavaria
was
Crowned
here
in
1314.
It
suffer'd
much
in
the
Low
Country
Wars
,
was
Bes●●ged
by
the
Duke
of
Parma
,
and
forc'd
by
Famine
to
surrender
in
1588.
The
Fortifications
here
are
regula●
;
the
Wall
is
fac'd
with
Brick
,
and
the
Ditches
are
very
broad
and
dry
,
but
the
Counterscarp
is
not
very
defensible
:
See
the
Draught
annext
for
more
particular
Information
.
In
1673.
it
was
taken
by
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
our
present
King
,
from
the
French
,
after
a
Siege
of
9
days
.
In
1688.
Cardinal
Furstemburg
,
in
pursuance
of
his
pretended
Election
above-mention'd
,
by
assistance
of
the
French
Troops
,
got
possession
of
it
;
but
the
Germans
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
r●-gain'd
it
in
1689.
after
a
Siege
of
three
Months
.
map of Bonne
BONNE
.
Rhingberg
,
is
a
pretty
large
Town
seated
on
the
Rhine
,
in
a
small
Country
of
10
miles
extent
,
belonging
to
the
Archbishop
of
Colen
,
though
separated
from
the
rest
by
the
small
County
of
Meurs
.
It
is
distant
40
miles
from
Colen
to
the
North
,
and
10
from
Geldre
to
the
East
;
a
small
River
(
or
Canal
rather
,
for
it
seems
to
be
Artificial
)
passe●
by
it
and
runs
quite
cross
from
the
Rhine
to
the
Mae
:
By
means
of
this
convenient
situation
,
it
hath
a
go●d
Trade
,
and
the
Burghers
are
reasonably
Rich
.
T●is
Town
being
near
the
Borders
of
Guelderland
,
hath
been
claimed
by
the
Hollanders
,
and
is
therefore
strongly
Fortified
.
map of Rheinberg
RHEINEBERK
Kempen
,
a
strong
Town
and
Castle
,
stands
on
the
Borders
of
Guelderland
and
Juliers
,
35
miles
Northwest
from
Colen
,
and
10
miles
West
from
the
Rhine
.
It
was
remarkable
for
the
gallant
Defence
it
made
in
1642.
when
it
was
Vigorously
Besieg'd
by
the
French
,
Hessians
and
Saxons
United
.
Keyserswert
stands
on
the
East-side
of
the
Rhine
,
between
Duysburg
and
Duseldorp
,
12
miles
from
Kempen
to
the
East
,
and
25
from
Colen
to
the
North-west
.
It
is
a
small
Town
and
strong
Fort
,
first
built
,
as
't
is
said
,
by
one
Swibertan
an
Englishman
.
Nuys
,
or
Neuss
,
Nevotium
,
Nussia
,
seated
on
the
River
Erp
and
near
the
Rhine
,
20
miles
from
Colen
to
the
North
,
and
15
from
Kempen
to
the
South
,
is
a
large
City
and
well
Fortified
,
having
the
River
on
one
side
,
and
a
double
Wall
on
the
other
.
The
Rhine
did
anciently
run
by
its
Walls
,
but
having
alter'd
its
Channel
,
they
have
been
forc'd
to
make
a
Trench
from
it
to
the
Erp
to
bring
Vessels
up
to
their
Gates
.
The
Citizens
enjoy
great
Privileges
,
which
were
granted
to
them
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
III
.
in
recompence
for
their
Service
,
in
holding
out
a
whole
year's
Siege
against
the
Duke
of
Burgundy
,
who
oppos'd
Herman
Landgrave
of
Hesse
,
chosen
Bishop
of
Colen
,
in
defence
of
his
Brother
,
chosen
also
by
another
Faction
.
Here
is
a
fair
Collegiate
Church
,
besides
other
publick
Buildings
of
good
Structure
.
Broel
is
a
small
pleasant
Town
with
a
strong
Castle
,
which
is
the
seat
of
the
Elector
when
he
diverts
himself
with
Hunting
in
the
Neighbouring
Forest
.
It
stands
in
the
mid-way
between
Colen
and
Bonne
,
and
5
miles
West
from
the
Rhine
.
Zons
a
small
Town
tolerably
well
Fortified
,
stands
on
the
Rhine
8
miles
West
from
Nuys
,
in
a
Country
producing
much
Corn
,
the
Sale
whereof
is
the
chief
Trade
of
the
Town
.
The
Houses
are
of
Brick
and
make
a
good
shew
.
Mulheim
,
a
fair
and
large
Town
on
the
Eastern
Bank
of
the
Rhine
5
miles
below
Colen
,
stands
in
the
Limits
of
Bergen
,
but
is
subject
to
this
Elector
.
The
Inhabitants
attempted
to
Wall
it
round
,
and
intended
to
make
it
an
Imperial
City
,
but
were
oppos'd
in
it
by
the
Citizens
of
Colen
,
and
forbid
by
the
Emperor
,
who
caus'd
the
Marquess
Spinola
to
spoil
their
Out-works
in
the
year
1614.
and
the
next
year
the
Inhabitants
of
Colen
pull'd
down
all
the
new
Buildings
in
the
Town
:
Afterwards
,
during
the
Wars
in
Germany
they
endeavour'd
it
again
,
pretending
it
necessary
for
their
Security
;
but
it
was
again
hinder'd
,
and
it
still
remains
a
Dependent
on
Cologne
.
On
the
East-side
of
the
Rhine
at
about
20
miles
distant
from
it
,
lyes
a
Tract
of
Land
of
about
20
miles
long
and
12
broad
;
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
River
Lippe
,
that
parts
it
from
Munster
,
and
on
the
South
by
the
River
Emser
,
which
belongs
to
the
Archbishop
of
Colen
,
and
contains
many
large
Mannors
and
Lordships
,
and
these
2
Towns
,
viz.
Recklenhausen
,
a
strong
Town
in
the
middle
of
this
Territory
,
35
miles
North-east
from
Nuys
.
Taken
in
War
from
the
Duke
of
Cleeve
,
by
the
Elector
of
Colen's
Forces
,
A.
1343.
Mortgaged
in
1442.
but
Redeem'd
150
years
after
by
Archbishop
Salentine
.
Here
is
a
Nunnery
,
the
Abbess
whereof
hath
power
of
punishing
Offenders
,
even
to
Death
.
Dorsten
,
a
place
very
well
Fortified
by
the
Landgrave
of
Hesse
Cassel
in
1639.
but
taken
from
him
two
yea●s
after
by
the
Elector
of
Colen's
Forces
,
after
a
sharp
Siege
of
two
Months
.
It
stands
on
the
River
Lippe
,
10
miles
West
from
Recklenhausen
,
in
the
Barony
thereof
.
To
this
Electorate
also
belongs
a
large
Tract
of
Land
in
Westphalia
,
wherein
are
these
Towns
,
viz.
Arnesberg
,
a
neat
and
pleasant
City
on
the
River
Rihr
,
50
miles
from
Nuys
to
the
East
,
often
honour'd
with
the
Archbishop's
Presence
,
who
comes
hither
for
the
diversion
of
Hunting
.
It
was
formerly
subject
to
its
own
Lords
,
and
by
them
given
to
this
Elector
.
Werle
,
a
pleasant
Town
,
between
the
Rivers
Ruhr
and
Lippe
,
in
which
the
Elector's
chief
Judge
Official
in
Westphalia
Resides
.
It
is
wall'd
and
fortified
.
Gesek
,
which
stands
near
the
Borders
of
the
Bishoprick
of
Paderborn
;
it
is
a
fortified
Town
and
came
to
this
Elector
in
1501.
was
taken
by
the
Landgrave
of
Hesse
in
1636.
but
afterwards
restored
.
SECT
.
II
.
The
Arch-bishoprick
and
Electorate
of
TRIER
.
The
Electorate
of
Trier
lies
between
that
of
Cologne
and
the
Dutchy
of
Juliers
on
the
North
,
Lorraine
and
the
Palatinate
on
the
South
,
Luxemburg
on
the
West
,
and
Weteraw
on
the
East
.
It
is
a
fruitful
and
pleasant
Country
seated
on
both
sides
the
River
Moselle
and
Rhine
.
Its
extent
from
South
to
North-east
is
about
70
miles
,
and
from
West
to
East
about
60.
It
was
made
a
Metropolitan
See
under
Agilulphus
,
in
the
year
743.
and
the
Archbishop
was
made
an
Elector
in
1021.
He
hath
also
the
Title
of
Arch-Chancellor
of
the
Empire
in
France
,
is
Temporal
as
well
as
Spiritual
Lord
of
this
Country
,
and
hath
Precedency
of
the
Elector
of
Cologne
.
The
Grandeur
of
this
Prince
was
much
greater
when
the
Empire
was
in
the
House
of
France
,
than
it
is
at
present
:
In
this
Age
the
French
have
Invaded
it
often
,
and
taken
many
of
the
Towns
,
which
they
held
till
the
Peace
of
Munster
.
And
both
in
the
last
War
of
1675.
and
in
this
present
one
,
they
have
over-run
and
harras'd
it
exceedingly
.
The
Revenue
of
the
Elector
used
to
be
reckon'd
near
One
hundred
thousand
Pounds
Sterling
per
Annum
,
but
hath
been
much
diminish'd
by
the
War
.
The
Chapter
is
compos'd
of
16
Capitulary
Canons
who
are
all
of
Noble
Extraction
,
and
choose
the
Bishops
always
out
of
themselves
.
The
Chief
Towns
of
this
Electorate
are
,
-
Trier
,
Cap.
-
Coblentz
.
-
Hermanstein
.
-
Meyne
.
-
Overweissel
.
-
Boppart
.
-
Engers
.
-
Sarburg
.
-
Bern-Castle
,
&c.
TRIER
,
call'd
Treves
by
the
French
,
and
in
Latin
Triviri
aut
Augusta
Triviriorum
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Moselle
,
over
which
it
hath
a
fair
Stone-bridge
,
and
is
distant
55
miles
from
Coblentz
to
the
Southwest
,
65
from
Mentz
to
the
West
,
and
65
from
Cologn
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
large
City
and
of
very
great
Antiquity
,
but
was
often
ruin'd
by
the
Huns
,
Vandals
,
Goths
and
French
.
It
was
afterwards
Imperial
and
Free
,
but
hath
been
subject
to
its
Archbishop
ever
since
1568.
when
it
was
surpriz'd
by
the
Archbishop
James
III
.
A
University
was
establish'd
here
in
1472.
which
is
in
a
flourishing
State
and
well
fill'd
with
Students
.
Here
are
4
Collegiate
and
5
Parish
Churches
,
2
principal
Abbies
and
several
other
Religious
Houses
.
The
City
is
fortified
with
strong
Walls
and
Outworks
;
but
was
taken
by
the
French
in
the
last
War
,
and
recover'd
from
them
in
1675.
And
in
this
War
they
put
a
Garrison
into
it
in
1688.
Of
its
Fortifications
this
is
an
exact
Draught
.
map of Trier
TRIER
Coblentz
,
in
Latin
Confluentia
&
Confluentes
,
from
its
situation
on
the
Confluence
of
the
two
Rivers
Rhine
and
Moselle
;
stands
in
a
pleasant
and
fruitful
Country
cover'd
with
Vines
,
at
the
distance
of
35
miles
from
Mentz
to
the
North-west
,
and
about
the
same
distance
from
Colen
to
the
South-east
.
It
is
a
large
City
and
built
in
form
of
a
Triangle
,
two
sides
whereof
are
secur'd
by
the
two
Rivers
,
and
the
third
by
strong
Fortifications
.
It
has
a
Bridge
over
the
Moselle
,
and
to
guard
it
a
Fort
of
3
Bastions
on
the
other
side
,
and
another
Bridge
over
the
Rhine
to
Hermanstein
.
This
,
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
,
was
the
station
of
their
first
Legion
.
It
was
given
to
the
See
of
Triers
about
1000
years
ago
by
King
Dagobert
,
and
was
afterwards
an
Imperial
City
till
1312.
when
it
was
separated
from
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Empire
by
Henry
VII
.
Its
situation
has
made
it
exceeding
populous
and
of
great
Trade
,
which
consists
chiefly
in
Wine
,
Corn
,
Wood
and
Iron
.
The
chief
publick
Buildings
are
,
the
Elector's
Palace
,
two
great
Churches
and
some
Monasteries
.
The
private
Houses
are
generally
fair
and
uniform
,
and
better
built
than
the
other
Cities
on
the
Rhine
.
It
was
first
encompass'd
with
Walls
by
Arnulphus
Elector
of
Trier
in
1250.
and
afterwards
regularly
Fortified
by
Gaspar
a
Petra
and
other
Archbishops
,
and
is
now
one
of
the
strongest
Cities
of
Germany
.
Its
Strength
will
be
better
seen
by
this
Draught
.
map of Coblentz
COBLENTZ
.
On
the
other
side
the
Rhine
just
over
against
this
City
stands
,
Hermanstein
or
Ehrenbreitstein
,
an
impregnable
Fort
well
defended
by
Out-works
on
the
top
of
a
steep
rocky
Hill
,
twice
as
high
as
Windsor-Caste
,
which
commands
the
City
and
the
two
Rivers
:
At
the
foot
of
this
Fort
on
the
Banks
of
the
Rhine
and
fronting
the
River
,
stands
the
Elector's
Palace
,
which
is
a
very
noble
Building
.
From
hence
is
a
passage
to
Coblentz
by
a
long
Bridge
of
Boats
,
in
the
middle
whereof
two
or
three
are
let
slip
to
let
any
great
Vessel
pass
by
,
which
they
easily
fasten
again
.
Meyn
or
Meyen
,
on
the
River
Nette
,
is
15
miles
distant
from
Coblentz
to
the
East
:
It
has
a
Castle
built
in
1280.
by
Henry
Archbishop
of
Trier
,
and
the
Town
was
wall'd
round
by
his
Successor
.
It
gives
Name
to
a
large
Territory
about
it
,
in
which
stands
Munster
a
small
Town
,
for
distinction
call'd
Munster
Meynfield
.
Oberwesel
stands
on
the
west-side
of
the
Rhine
20
miles
from
Coblentz
to
the
South
,
and
25
from
Mentz
to
the
West
.
It
was
once
on
Imperial
and
Free
City
,
but
since
the
year
1312.
it
has
been
subject
to
the
Archbishop
of
Trier
.
Boppart
is
a
Town
and
Fort
seated
on
the
Rhine
,
10
miles
South
from
Coblentz
.
It
was
also
formerly
an
Imperial
City
,
but
given
by
the
Emperor
Henry
VII
.
to
Baldwin
Archbishop
of
Trier
,
who
built
the
Castle
to
secure
it
.
Engers
,
a
fair
Town
and
Fort
of
the
Rhine
,
stands
between
Coblentz
and
Andernack
,
and
gives
Name
to
a
neighbouring
Territory
.
It
has
a
strong
Castle
and
a
noble
Bridge
over
the
Rhine
,
founded
by
Cuno
Arch-bishop
of
Trier
,
who
died
in
1388.
Bern-Castle
is
a
good
Town
pleasantly
seated
upon
the
Moselle
,
and
makes
great
quantity
of
Wine
,
which
enriches
the
Place
,
and
has
made
it
Populous
.
Sarburg
on
the
River
Sar
,
is
a
Town
of
good
Strength
;
made
so
and
much
beautified
by
Vestinger
their
Archbishop
.
Limburg
stands
on
the
River
Lohn
,
betwixt
Idestein
and
the
County
of
Weilburg
;
it
suffer'd
much
in
the
Wars
between
the
French
King
and
the
Emperor
.
Montroyal
,
belonging
to
the
French
,
stands
on
the
Frontiers
of
the
Electorate
,
20
miles
from
Triers
to
the
North-east
,
and
30
from
Coblentz
to
the
South-west
;
It
is
a
strong
Fortress
built
in
a
Penisle
made
by
the
Rhine
,
which
with
the
Citadel
and
Out-works
,
render
it
almost
Impregnable
.
For
more
particular
Information
,
see
the
Draught
.
map
MONT
ROYAL
SECT
.
III
.
The
Archbishoprick
and
Electorate
of
MENTZ
.
The
Archbishoprick
of
Mentz
lyes
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Mayne
,
between
the
Electorate
of
Trier
on
the
West
,
the
Palatinate
on
South
,
Franconia
on
the
East
,
and
the
Weteraw
on
the
North
.
It
is
in
length
from
North-west
to
South-east
about
50
miles
,
and
about
20
in
breadth
;
but
besides
this
,
the
Elector
hath
Dominions
in
other
Provinces
.
This
Prince
hath
the
Precedency
of
both
the
other
Ecclesiastical
Electors
,
is
Dean
of
their
College
,
and
stiled
Arch-Chancellor
of
the
Empire
in
Germany
.
He
is
Lord
of
this
Country
,
and
maintains
in
his
Court
a
Marshall
or
General
,
and
a
Chancellor
:
His
annual
Revenue
is
reckon'd
above
one
hundred
thousand
Pounds
.
To
all
which
he
is
Elected
by
the
Chapter
of
24
Capitulary
Canons
,
who
are
all
of
noble
Extraction
.
This
See
was
formerly
Episcopal
only
and
Suffragan
to
that
of
Worms
,
till
745.
it
was
erected
into
an
Archbishoprick
.
This
is
a
pleasant
fruitful
Country
,
very
populous
,
and
hath
in
it
these
Towns
of
note
,
viz.
-
Mentz
,
Capit
.
-
Bingen
.
-
Aschaffenburg
.
-
Koningstein
.
-
Weisbaden
.
-
Elfield
.
-
Reineck
,
Coun
.
-
Lohr
,
County
.
Other
Towns
subject
to
this
Elector
.
-
in
Hesse
,
-
Fritzlar
,
-
Ommenburg
.
-
Neustat
.
-
in
Thuringen
-
Erfurt
.
-
Heyligenstadt
-
Duderstadt
.
MENTZ
,
call'd
by
the
Germans
Mayntz
,
by
the
French
Mayence
,
in
Latin
Moguntia
Magontiacum
&
Mocontiacum
,
is
seated
on
the
Rhine
near
its
Confluence
with
the
Maine
,
at
the
distance
of
65
miles
from
Trier
to
the
East
,
32
from
Coblentz
to
the
South-east
,
20
from
Francfort
to
the
West
,
and
50
from
Spire
to
the
North
.
It
is
a
large
City
,
well
fortified
and
very
populous
.
The
private
Buildings
are
not
extraordinary
,
the
Houses
being
old
and
the
Streets
narrow
:
But
the
publick
ones
,
which
are
many
Churches
,
the
Electoral
Palace
,
the
Town-house
or
Guild-hall
,
three
Castles
,
and
a
Bridge
of
Boats
over
the
Rhine
,
are
stately
Structures
.
Here
is
an
University
which
was
founded
in
the
year
800.
and
re-establish'd
in
1482.
This
City
claims
the
Invention
of
the
Art
of
PRINTING
,
which
at
least
was
brought
to
perfection
here
by
John
Faust
,
or
as
others
,
John
Guttemburg
,
about
the
year
1450.
It
is
a
place
of
very
good
Strength
,
which
hath
been
much
encreas'd
by
a
Fortress
built
not
many
years
since
on
a
Hill
,
(
wherein
stands
the
Elector's
Palace
)
and
by
the
regular
Fortifications
that
have
been
added
by
the
late
Archbishop
,
since
the
beginning
of
this
present
War
:
Of
which
see
the
Draught
annex'd
.
This
City
is
by
the
Germans
pretended
to
be
above
1300
years
older
than
Christianity
;
but
by
others
't
is
thought
to
have
been
built
by
Drusus
,
whose
Tomb
is
still
shewn
here
.
It
was
sometime
Imperial
and
Free
,
but
subjected
by
its
Archbishop
Adolphus
of
Nassaw
,
who
took
it
in
the
year
1462.
and
his
Successors
still
retain
the
Authority
.
Gustavus
Adelphus
took
it
in
1631.
and
oblig'd
the
Citizens
to
pay
80000
Dollars
as
a
Ransom
for
their
Lives
and
Houses
.
And
in
this
War
it
was
taken
by
the
French
in
the
year
1688.
and
regain'd
by
the
Duke
of
Lorrain
in
1689.
map of Mainz
MAYENCE
Bingen
is
a
pleasant
Town
seated
on
the
Rhine
,
15
miles
West
from
Mentz
.
It
was
a
Fort
in
the
time
of
the
Romans
,
and
thought
to
be
the
place
where
Drusus
died
.
The
River
Nahe
,
over
which
here
is
a
fair
Stone
Bridge
,
runs
through
the
Town
,
and
empties
it self
into
the
Rhine
:
Here
is
also
a
Castle
,
which
stands
on
a
Hill
and
over-looks
the
Town
.
This
was
also
formerly
an
Imperial
City
,
but
is
now
subject
to
the
Dean
and
Chapter
of
Mentz
.
Between
this
place
and
Mentz
in
an
Island
in
the
Rhine
,
stands
the
famous
Mauss-thurn
,
an
old
Watch-Tower
,
said
to
have
its
name
from
the
Mice
and
Rats
which
follow'd
hither
,
and
devour'd
the
covetous
Archbishop
of
Mentz
,
who
scoffingly
call'd
some
poor
People
that
begg'd
at
his
Gate
,
the
Rats
that
eat
up
the
Corn
.
Elfeld
is
a
strong
fortified
Town
,
seated
on
the
North
side
of
the
Rhine
,
5
miles
from
Mentz
to
the
West
,
and
adorn'd
with
a
fair
Church
and
a
high
Steeple
.
It
is
the
chief
Town
of
a
small
Territory
,
extended
along
the
Rhine
20
miles
,
call'd
Rhingaw
,
a
Country
richly
stor'd
with
choice
Vines
;
wherein
also
stands
Erbach
,
a
stately
Monastery
,
where
lie
buried
many
of
the
Counts
of
Nassaw
and
Rodesheim
,
a
Place
noted
for
the
Growth
of
the
best
Wines
in
these
parts
.
Weisbaden
stands
about
five
or
six
miles
North
from
Mentz
.
Koningstein
is
15
miles
distant
from
Mentz
to
the
North-east
.
Aschaffemburg
,
Asc●affemburgum
aut
Asciburgum
is
a
strong
Town
and
Castle
,
on
the
Eastern
Bank
of
the
Mayn
,
40
miles
distant
from
Mentz
and
20
from
Francfort
to
the
East
;
it
is
divided
into
the
Upper
and
Lower
Town
,
and
is
beautified
with
a
stately
Palace
,
lately
built
,
wherein
the
Elector
often
resides
;
and
hath
a
fair
Stone-Bridge
over
the
Mayn
.
Reineck
,
the
chief
Town
of
a
County
of
the
same
name
,
stands
on
the
River
Syn
,
35
miles
from
Aschaffemburg
to
the
West
,
25
from
Fuld
to
the
South
,
and
8
from
the
Mayn
to
the
North
.
This
Town
and
County
,
together
with
that
of
Lohr
adjoining
to
it
,
and
on
the
Banks
of
the
Mayne
,
do
also
belong
to
this
Archbishop
.
Ommenburg
or
Amelburg
,
a
strong
Town
on
the
River
Ohrn
,
5
miles
distant
from
Marpurg
in
Hessen
,
and
45
from
Francfort
to
the
North
,
is
the
Capital
of
a
small
Territory
belonging
to
this
Elector
,
in
which
also
stands
Neustadt
.
Freitzlar
,
the
chief
Town
of
another
small
Territory
,
subject
to
this
Archbishop
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Eder
,
in
the
Landgraviat
of
Hesse
,
about
25
miles
from
Ommenburg
to
the
North-east
,
10
from
Waldeck
to
the
West
,
and
near
the
mid-way
between
Marpurg
and
Cassel
.
It
hath
a
Castle
and
good
Fortifications
,
and
is
esteem'd
a
place
of
as
good
Strength
as
any
in
these
parts
.
To
this
Electorate
belongs
also
a
small
Country
of
20
miles
extent
,
call'd
Eichfeld
or
Eschfeld
,
lying
beyond
the
Weser
,
between
the
Dutchy
of
Brunswick
on
the
North
and
the
Landgraviat
of
Hesse
on
the
South
.
In
which
stand
Heglingenstat
,
built
by
King
Dagobert
;
in
it
is
a
College
of
Jesuits
,
but
is
not
otherwise
considerable
.
Duderstat
,
a
small
Hanse-Town
,
anciently
subject
to
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
,
by
whom
it
was
sold
to
Gerlacus
Archbishop
of
Mentz
.
CHAP.
III
.
HESSEN
,
Hassia
.
THE
Province
of
Hessen
lies
on
the
North
Side
of
the
River
Main
,
extending
as
far
as
the
Weser
,
comprehending
under
this
Name
in
general
,
besides
the
Landgraviat
of
the
same
Name
,
the
Abbies
of
Fuld
and
Hirchsfeild
,
the
Weteraw
,
in
which
are
also
compris'd
several
Principalities
and
Lord-ships
,
and
the
Landgraviat
of
Darmstadt
,
together
with
several
Imperial
Cities
.
The
whole
Country
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Westphalia
,
on
the
West
by
the
Dutchy
of
Berg
and
Electorate
of
Trier
,
on
the
South
by
the
Electorate
of
Mentz
and
Franconia
,
and
on
the
East
by
the
Dutchies
of
Weimar
and
Thuringen
.
Its
utmost
Extent
from
North
to
South
is
about
100
English
Miles
,
and
from
East
to
West
as
many
.
The
Air
is
healthful
,
the
Waters
wholsom
,
and
the
Soil
fruitful
,
producing
much
Corn
,
and
towards
the
Banks
of
the
Rhine
and
Lohn
Grapes
;
here
are
also
large
Forests
,
which
afford
store
of
Deer
and
other
Game
;
and
Mountains
,
wherein
Mines
of
Copper
and
Lead
are
found
.
This
is
judged
to
have
been
the
Country
of
the
ancient
Catti
,
mention'd
by
Tacitus
and
others
.
It
is
divided
into
Hessen
and
Veteravia
,
or
the
Weteraw
.
-
In
Hessen
are
-
The
Langraviates
of
-
Hesse
Cassel
,
which
lies
on
the
Banks
of
the
Rivers
Weser
,
Eder
and
Lohn
,
and
hath
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Cassel
,
-
Rodemberg
,
-
Homburg
,
-
Witzenhausen
,
-
Zeigenheim
,
-
Suntra
,
-
Geysmar
,
-
Eschwege
,
-
Smalcald
.
-
Hesse
Darmstadt
,
the
Territories
whereof
are
divided
,
part
lying
on
the
South
side
of
the
Main
,
and
part
between
Hesse
Cassel
,
Waldeck
,
Solms
and
the
Rhine
.
-
Darmstadt
,
-
Marpurg
,
-
Frankenburg
,
-
Alsfeld
,
-
Giessen
,
-
Catzenelbogen
,
-
Schwalbach
.
-
The
County
of
Waldeck
,
lying
East
from
Hesse
Cassel
.
-
Waldeck
,
-
Wildungen
,
-
Corback
,
-
Eyenberg
.
-
The
Territories
of
the
Abbies
of
-
Fuld
,
-
Hirschfeld
.
-
Fuld
,
-
Hirschfeld
.
-
The
County
of
Solms
,
-
Solms
,
-
Brunsfeld
.
-
The
Imperial
Cities
of
-
Wetslar
,
-
Fridberg
.
-
In
the
Weteraw
-
The
County
of
Nassaw
,
-
Nassaw
,
-
Dillemberg
,
C.
-
Sigen
,
C.
-
Herborn
,
-
Beilstein
,
C.
-
Dietz
,
C.
-
Hadamar
,
P.
-
Wisbaden
,
C.
-
Weilberg
,
C.
-
Idstein
,
C.
-
The
County
of
Hanaw
,
-
Isenberg
,
County
-
Hanaw
,
-
Gelnhausen
,
Imp
CASSEL
,
Cassella
,
aut
Cassilia
,
olim
Castellum
Cattorum
,
&
Sterdontium
,
the
Capital
City
of
the
lower
Hessen
,
is
seated
in
a
pleasant
Plain
,
on
the
River
Fuld
near
the
Confines
of
the
Dutchy
of
Brunswick
,
at
the
distance
of
50
miles
from
Marpurg
,
and
as
many
from
Fuld
to
the
North
,
and
40
from
Paderborn
to
the
Southeast
.
It
is
a
place
of
good
Trade
for
Wool
and
other
Merchandizes
,
and
is
well
fortified
with
Walls
,
Ditches
,
and
a
strong
Citadel
:
It
is
the
Seat
of
the
Landgrave
,
whose
Palace
stands
without
the
Town
,
and
is
surrounded
by
Bulwarks
:
The
Family
of
Hesse
is
one
of
the
most
ancient
of
Germany
.
This
House
of
Cassel
is
the
Elder
,
and
the
Landgrave
,
with
his
Subjects
,
are
of
the
Calvinist
Religion
.
Rodemburg
,
a
fair
Town
,
stands
on
the
River
Fulda
,
30
from
Cassel
to
the
South
;
it
is
pleasantly
seated
,
and
has
a
Collegiate
Church
with
a
Dean
and
20
Canons
nobly
endow'd
.
Near
the
Town
is
a
Quarry
of
white
Marble
.
Suntra
stands
12
miles
East
from
Rodemburg
.
Homburg
is
25
miles
distant
from
Cassel
to
the
South
,
and
12
from
Rodemburg
to
the
West
.
Zeigenheim
stands
30
miles
South
from
Cassel
.
It
is
a
small
but
fair
City
,
and
gives
Name
to
a
County
.
Geysmar
,
stands
12
miles
from
Cassel
to
the
North
.
Witzenhausen
is
seated
on
the
Weser
,
12
miles
from
Cassel
to
the
East
.
Eschwege
stands
also
on
the
Weser
,
20
miles
above
Witzenhausen
,
a
wall'd
Town
,
built
by
Charles
the
Great
,
and
repair'd
by
Henry
II
.
These
are
all
good
Towns
,
but
not
particularly
remarkable
.
Smalcald
stands
in
a
little
Territory
on
the
East
side
of
the
River
Verra
,
disjoyn'd
from
the
rest
of
the
Lands
of
this
Prince
;
it
is
50
miles
distant
from
Cassel
to
the
South-east
,
30
from
Hirschfeld
to
the
East
and
20
from
Eysenach
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
Town
of
good
Trade
for
Iron-ware
,
many
Mines
in
the
Neighbourhood
furnishing
the
Inhabitants
with
plenty
of
that
Metal
,
which
they
work
and
send
abroad
to
foreign
Parts
.
This
place
was
famous
in
the
last
Age
,
by
the
assembling
of
the
Protestant
Princes
here
,
in
the
Years
1530
,
1531
,
1535
and
1537.
to
make
a
League
for
the
Defence
of
the
Augsburg
Confession
,
against
the
Emperor
Charles
V.
and
the
Popish
Princes
of
Germany
:
Which
League
grew
so
powerful
,
that
they
forced
the
Emperor
to
a
Treaty
,
held
in
1557.
at
Passaw
,
wherein
Lutheranism
was
establish'd
in
several
Parts
of
the
Empire
.
Marpurg
,
Marpurgum
,
Amesia
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Lohn
,
in
a
pleasant
Country
,
near
50
miles
from
Cassel
to
the
South-west
,
and
40
from
Francfort
to
the
North
.
It
was
some
time
a
free
and
Imperial
City
,
afterwards
subject
to
its
own
Lords
,
now
the
Chief
of
the
Upper
Hesse
,
and
the
Seat
of
the
supreme
Court
of
Judicature
;
to
which
Appeals
are
brought
from
both
Cassal
and
Darmstadt
.
It
has
a
strong
Castle
,
which
stands
on
a
Hill
,
and
is
otherwise
well
fortified
.
The
great
Church
is
a
stately
Building
,
and
has
in
it
many
noble
Monuments
,
The
University
here
is
one
of
the
most
considerable
in
Germany
.
Frankenburg
,
on
the
River
Eder
,
20
miles
North
from
Marpurg
,
is
a
large
Town
,
said
to
be
built
by
Theodorick
King
of
France
,
Anno
520.
Alsfeld
stands
15
miles
from
Marpurg
to
the
East
:
It
is
one
of
the
ancientest
Towns
of
Hessen
,
and
had
formerly
very
great
Privileges
,
even
Power
over
Life
;
but
lost
their
Charter
in
an
accidental
Fire
many
years
since
,
so
that
now
thay
have
only
a
Memorial
of
it
,
by
the
chief
Magistrates
having
a
Sword
born
before
him
.
The
Town-house
is
a
fair
handsom
Building
.
Giessen
is
a
fair
Town
,
seated
on
the
River
Lohn
,
15
miles
from
Marpurg
to
the
South
,
and
28
from
Francfurt
to
the
North
;
the
Royalty
whereof
is
divided
between
the
two
Landgraves
of
Cassel
and
Darmstadt
:
It
is
defended
with
a
strong
Wall
and
regular
Fortifications
,
and
hath
an
Armory
very
well
furnished
.
The
Trade
of
this
Town
lies
in
Dressing
and
Selling
of
Cloth
.
WESTLAR
,
an
Imperial
City
,
stands
on
the
Borders
of
the
County
of
Solms
,
upon
the
River
Lohn
not
above
5
miles
below
Giessen
,
18
miles
South-west
from
Marpurg
,
and
26
North
from
Francfort
.
It
is
an
old
Town
,
and
has
nothing
in
it
worth
notice
but
the
great
Church
.
However
,
it
is
at
present
the
Seat
of
the
Imperial
Chamber
,
which
was
removed
from
Spire
hither
in
the
Year
1689
,
by
reason
that
that
City
was
taken
and
destroy'd
by
the
French
.
FRIEDBURG
,
a
Rich
and
Imperial
City
,
stands
14
miles
South
from
Wetslar
,
and
15
North
from
Francfort
:
It
is
seated
at
the
Foot
of
a
Ridge
of
Hills
,
call'd
de
Hohe
,
and
enjoys
large
Privileges
,
granted
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
II
.
The
Mart
,
now
held
at
Francfort
,
was
before
the
Year
1340.
held
in
this
Town
;
at
which
time
it
was
remov'd
,
at
the
desire
of
the
Merchants
,
and
this
City
,
in
lieu
,
hath
four
annual
Fairs
.
DARMSTADT
,
Darmstadium
,
seu
Darmostadium
,
a
considerable
City
,
seated
on
the
Banks
of
a
River
of
the
same
Name
,
in
the
Country
of
Geraw
,
otherwise
call'd
the
Landgraviate
of
Darmstadt
,
which
lies
on
the
South
Side
of
the
Main
;
it
is
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
,
which
is
the
Palace
of
the
Landgrave
;
and
for
the
better
Security
of
the
Country
,
there
are
two
Forts
,
one
on
the
Rhine
,
named
Markburg
,
and
another
on
the
Main
called
Russelheim
.
The
Town
is
distant
10
miles
from
the
Rhine
to
the
East
,
and
15
from
Francfort
on
the
Main
to
the
South
.
This
House
of
Darmstadt
by
the
failure
of
the
Second
House
of
Marpurg
,
succeeded
to
that
Lordship
,
together
with
those
of
Giessen
and
Catzenelbogen
,
and
by
that
means
is
become
more
considerable
than
the
elder
House
of
Cassel
.
The
Landgrave
usually
resides
at
Marpurg
;
he
is
of
the
Lutheran
Religion
,
as
are
also
most
of
his
Subjects
.
The
County
of
Catzenelbogen
lies
on
the
Banks
of
the
Rhine
,
between
that
River
and
Nassaw
;
the
Town
which
gives
Name
to
the
County
is
but
small
,
and
is
seated
at
the
distance
of
10
miles
from
Nassaw
to
the
West
,
and
about
22
from
Mentz
to
the
North
.
The
Property
of
this
Town
and
County
has
been
much
disputed
between
the
Earls
of
Nassaw
and
the
Landgraves
of
Hesse
,
the
former
having
married
the
Sister
of
the
last
Earl
,
and
the
latter
pretending
a
Donation
from
that
Earl
:
In
1548
,
the
Emperor
Charles
V.
adjudged
it
to
the
Count
of
Nassaw
;
but
that
Judgment
was
revers'd
at
the
Treaty
of
Passaw
,
and
Count
William
of
Nassaw
surrendred
it
to
the
Landgrave
Philip
,
who
paid
him
600000
Crowns
for
it
:
However
,
the
Family
of
Nassaw
does
still
retain
the
Title
of
it
.
In
the
same
County
stand
Schwalback
,
famous
for
many
Springs
of
Medicinal
Waters
in
it
,
which
are
of
great
virtue
for
curing
several
Distempers
.
It
is
distant
10
miles
from
Catzenelbogen
to
the
South
,
and
12
from
Mentz
to
the
North
.
The
Castle
of
Rhinfeld
,
which
gives
Name
to
a
small
County
,
stands
on
the
East-side
of
the
Rhine
,
25
miles
East
from
Catzenelbogen
,
and
20
South
from
Coblentz
.
WALDECK
,
Valdecum
,
is
the
Capital
of
a
small
Principality
,
of
about
20
miles
extent
,
situate
in
the
North
part
of
Hesse
,
beyond
the
River
Eder
,
and
Westward
of
the
Landgraviate
of
Cassel
.
The
Country
is
fruitful
,
affording
Wine
as
well
as
Corn
and
Pasture
,
besides
Mines
of
Copper
,
Lead
,
Quicksilver
,
&c.
The
chief
Town
is
but
small
,
and
not
very
considerable
;
it
is
distant
30
miles
from
Marpurg
to
the
North
,
and
20
from
Cassel
to
the
South-west
.
The
other
Places
of
Note
in
this
County
are
Wildungen
,
a
pleasant
Town
built
upon
two
Hills
,
in
the
middle
of
which
lies
a
very
fine
Garden
.
Corbach
,
formerly
a
free
City
,
wherein
is
held
a
small
University
.
And
Eyenberg
,
a
very
strong
Castle
,
built
upon
a
Hill
near
Corback
.
The
Territory
of
the
Abbey
of
FULD
,
call'd
by
some
Buchem
and
Fagonia
,
is
a
large
rich
Country
,
lying
South
of
Hesse
,
and
North
of
Hanaw
Reineck
,
&c.
extending
about
40
miles
in
length
.
The
chief
Town
Fuld
,
stands
upon
a
River
of
the
same
name
40
miles
East
from
Marpurg
,
and
45
North-east
from
Hanaw
:
The
Monastery
is
of
the
Benedictine
Order
,
and
one
of
the
noblest
in
all
Europe
;
it
was
founded
in
the
Year
744
,
by
S.
Boniface
,
and
endowed
with
great
Privileges
by
several
Emperors
.
The
Abbot
is
Lord
of
this
Town
and
Country
,
Primate
of
all
the
Abbots
in
Germany
,
a
Prince
of
the
Empire
,
and
sits
in
the
general
Diets
at
the
Emperor's
Feet
.
There
are
many
other
Towns
in
this
Territory
.
The
Monastery
of
HIRCHFELD
stands
on
the
River
Fulda
,
at
the
distance
of
20
miles
from
Fuld
to
the
North
.
It
is
a
very
noble
Structure
,
artificially
built
upon
an
Arch
,
supported
by
16
Pillars
.
It
was
founded
by
Sturmius
Abbot
of
Fulda
,
and
a
Territory
of
about
12
miles
extent
,
given
to
it
.
Alcuinus
,
who
was
Tutor
to
Charles
the
Great
,
was
Abbot
of
this
Monastery
,
and
lies
buried
in
its
Church
.
The
Revenues
of
this
Abbey
have
been
in
the
Hands
of
the
Landgrave
of
Hesse
ever
since
1606.
The
WETERAW
,
Veteravia
,
is
the
general
name
of
the
Country
,
lying
between
Hesse
on
the
North
,
the
River
Main
on
the
South
,
the
River
Rhine
on
the
West
,
and
the
County
of
Reineck
on
the
East
;
wherein
are
contained
the
Estates
of
the
Counts
of
Nassaw
,
Solms
and
Hanaw
,
&c.
who
are
constant
Confederates
for
their
mutual
Defence
.
NASSAW
,
as
it
is
now
encreas'd
by
the
accession
of
the
Counties
of
Weilburg
,
Idstein
,
Wisbaden
,
Dillenberg
,
Beilstein
,
Geilberg
,
Sigen
and
Hadamar
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Westphalia
,
on
the
East
by
Hesse
and
Solms
,
and
on
the
West
by
Berg
,
Trier
and
the
Rhine
.
This
Country
is
fruitful
in
Corn
and
Pasturage
,
abounds
with
Cattle
and
Venison
,
and
hath
Mines
of
Iron
,
Lead
and
Copper
.
It
was
at
first
only
a
County
,
but
was
made
a
Principality
by
the
Emperor
Ferdinand
II
.
Anno
1653
,
and
is
subject
to
its
own
Princes
,
a
very
Ancient
and
Honourable
Family
;
from
which
descended
Adolphus
,
chosen
Emperor
A.
D.
1292.
Engelbert
,
the
Seventh
Earl
of
this
Family
,
acquir'd
by
Marriage
the
Barony
of
Breda
,
and
other
Estates
in
the
Netherlands
;
and
Henry
,
his
Great-grandson
,
married
Claude
de
Chalons
,
Sister
and
Heir
to
Philibert
Prince
of
Orange
,
whose
Son
Rene
,
in
1530
,
succeeded
in
that
Principality
;
which
Honour
hath
ever
since
remain'd
in
this
Family
.
These
Princes
have
in
all
Ages
been
celebrated
for
their
Bravery
,
especially
in
the
last
,
when
they
so
zealously
defended
the
Belgic
States
,
and
by
their
Courage
and
Wisdom
rescued
them
from
the
Spanish
Cruelty
,
and
acquired
the
Dignity
of
Hereditary
Stadtholder
,
and
Captain
General
of
all
the
Forces
of
the
United
Netherlands
:
Which
great
Honours
being
possess'd
by
William
of
Nassaw
,
Prince
of
Orange
,
King
Charles
I.
chose
him
for
a
Husband
to
his
eldest
Daughter
Elizabeth
;
by
whom
he
had
issue
William
Henry
,
who
married
Mary
the
eldest
Niece
of
Charles
II
.
our
late
Queen
of
blessed
Memory
,
and
is
at
present
King
of
Great
Britain
.
NASSAW
,
Nassovia
,
that
gives
name
to
this
Principality
,
is
a
small
Town
and
Castle
seated
on
the
River
Lohn
,
8
miles
from
the
Rhine
to
the
East
,
12
from
Coblentz
to
the
South-east
,
and
35
from
Francfort
to
the
North-west
.
It
was
the
usual
Seat
of
the
first
Branch
of
this
Illustrious
Family
.
Dillemberg
,
stands
on
the
River
Dilla
,
40
miles
from
Nassaw
to
the
North-east
,
and
16
from
Marpurg
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
Town
of
good
Trade
,
and
hath
two
annual
Fairs
.
Here
is
a
Castle
standing
on
the
top
of
a
Hill
,
which
commands
the
Neighbourhood
,
and
was
the
Seat
of
a
Branch
of
the
Family
of
Nassaw
,
who
had
the
Title
of
Counts
of
Dillemberg
:
In
it
is
a
large
Armory
,
very
compleatly
furnish'd
.
Sigen
,
on
the
River
Siega
,
18
miles
from
Dillemberg
,
is
seated
on
the
top
of
a
rocky
Hill
,
and
defended
with
a
strong
Wall
and
regular
Fortifications
,
and
gives
Name
to
a
County
.
Near
the
Town
is
a
Mine
of
Iron
.
Herborn
stands
upon
the
River
Dilla
,
but
five
miles
South
from
Dillemberg
;
it
is
a
City
of
pretty
good
Trade
in
Woollen
Cloths
,
and
hath
an
University
of
good
Repute
,
endow'd
with
the
Lands
of
some
dissolved
Monasteries
,
and
hath
bred
some
considerable
Scholars
;
particularly
J.
Piscator
,
H.
Martinius
,
G.
Passor
and
H.
Alstedius
.
This
City
is
wall'd
round
and
has
a
Castle
.
Beilstein
,
gives
Name
to
a
County
,
which
was
the
Inheritance
of
a
younger
Branch
of
the
Family
of
Nassaw
.
It
is
an
old
Town
seated
among
rocky
Hills
,
at
the
distance
of
10
miles
from
Herborn
to
the
South
,
and
hath
a
Castle
and
a
fair
Church
.
Dietz
,
the
Capital
of
another
County
,
is
pleasantly
seated
upon
the
River
Lohn
,
10
miles
from
Nassaw
to
the
West
;
it
is
wall'd
,
and
hath
two
Towers
standing
upon
two
Hills
in
the
Town
.
Hademar
,
a
small
Town
,
the
Capital
of
a
Territory
,
which
hath
the
Title
of
a
Principality
,
stands
upon
the
Lohn
,
at
the
distance
of
14
miles
from
Coblentz
to
the
East
,
and
20
from
Mentz
to
the
North
.
Weilberg
,
which
gives
name
to
another
County
,
stands
also
on
the
Lohn
,
35
miles
from
Nassaw
to
the
West
.
Wisbaden
,
the
Capital
of
a
County
also
,
stands
five
miles
North
from
Mentz
,
and
20
South-east
from
Nassaw
;
it
is
an
ancient
Town
,
and
much
frequented
by
reason
of
famous
Hot
Baths
in
it
,
which
give
name
to
the
Place
.
Idstein
,
a
Town
and
County
,
lies
next
to
Wisbaden
to
the
North
.
The
County
of
Isenburg
lies
between
Solms
on
the
West
,
Hanaw
on
the
East
,
the
Lands
of
the
Abbey
of
Fuld
on
the
North
,
and
Nassaw
on
the
South
.
It
is
about
20
miles
in
length
,
and
8
or
9
in
breadth
.
Budingen
,
the
chief
Town
of
it
is
about
30
miles
North-east
from
Francfort
.
And
The
Castle
of
Ronenburg
,
a
noble
old
Fort
,
a
few
miles
from
Gelnhausen
,
was
anciently
the
place
of
Residence
of
the
Counts
.
SOLMS
,
the
Capital
of
another
County
,
subject
also
to
its
own
Lord
,
and
situate
on
the
South
of
Hesse
Marpurg
.
The
Town
stands
in
the
most
Northern
part
of
the
County
,
at
the
distance
of
15
miles
from
Marpurg
to
the
South-west
,
and
35
from
Francfort
to
the
North
.
The
usual
Residence
of
the
Count
is
in
the
Castle
of
Brunsfeld
,
which
stands
15
miles
South
from
Solms
.
The
County
of
HANAW
is
bounded
on
the
North
and
East
by
the
Territory
of
Fuld
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Estates
of
Nassaw
and
the
County
of
Isenberg
:
It
extends
from
the
River
Main
North-east
,
about
40
miles
,
and
is
subject
to
its
own
Earl
.
The
chief
Town
Hanaw
,
Hanovia
,
stands
upon
the
River
Kuntz
,
near
the
Banks
of
the
Main
,
15
miles
East
from
Francfort
,
12
from
Aschaffemburg
to
the
North-west
,
and
40
from
Marpurg
to
the
South
:
It
is
a
fair
,
well-built
Town
,
neat
and
uniform
;
and
a
Place
of
Trade
,
and
much
resorted
to
by
Foreign
Merchants
;
insomuch
that
the
French
and
Dutch
have
Churches
here
.
It
is
now
defended
by
strong
Walls
and
modern
Fortifications
,
but
was
twice
taken
,
viz.
in
1631
by
the
Swedes
,
and
in
1658
by
the
Germans
,
after
a
long
Siege
,
both
times
,
and
not
without
Treachery
and
Stratagem
at
last
.
GELNHAUSEN
,
an
Imperial
City
,
stands
in
the
Limits
of
this
County
,
on
the
River
Kintzing
,
12
miles
North-east
from
Hanaw
,
15
North
from
Aschaffemburg
,
and
20
East
from
Friedburg
:
It
is
now
but
a
poor
City
,
though
very
considerable
,
and
inhabited
by
many
Noblemen
and
Gentlemen
before
the
German
Wars
.
CHAP.
IV
.
FRANCONIA
,
Franconia
.
THE
Dutchy
of
Franconia
,
call'd
by
the
Germans
Frankenland
,
and
heretofore
Franconia
Orientalis
,
one
of
the
chief
of
the
Ten
Circles
of
the
Empire
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Thuringen
and
Hessen
,
on
the
South
by
Schwaben
,
on
the
East
by
the
Palatinate
of
Bavaria
,
and
on
the
West
by
that
of
the
Rhine
;
extending
from
North
to
South
about
130
miles
,
and
from
East
to
West
140.
The
Soil
of
it
in
some
parts
mountainous
and
barren
,
but
in
others
very
fruitful
in
Corn
,
Wine
,
Liquorish
,
Saffron
and
Fruits
:
Here
are
also
several
Forests
,
well
stockt
with
Game
,
and
Rivers
abounding
in
Fish
.
This
Province
is
suppos'd
to
have
been
the
ancient
Seat
of
the
Franks
or
French
,
from
whence
they
set
forth
under
Pharamond
,
to
their
Conquest
of
Gaul
;
and
also
that
the
famous
Salique
Law
was
made
upon
the
Banks
of
the
River
Sala
:
Besides
which
,
the
chief
Rivers
here
are
the
Main
,
the
Tauber
,
the
Kednitz
,
the
Pegnitz
and
the
Altmutz
.
Several
Sovereign
Princes
have
the
Dominion
of
this
Country
,
which
is
the
reason
that
several
Religions
are
predominant
in
several
parts
;
but
the
Lutherans
are
most
numerous
.
Franconia
hath
these
States
and
Chief
Towns
,
viz.
-
The
Bishopricks
-
of
Wurtzburg
,
-
Wurtzburg
,
-
Ochsenfurt
,
-
Konigshoven
.
-
Bischoffsheim
,
-
of
Bamberg
,
-
Bamberg
,
-
Cronach
,
-
Weisman
,
-
Forcheim
,
-
of
Aichstat
.
-
Aichstat
,
-
Ornbaw
.
-
The
Estate
of
the
Master
of
the
Teutonick
Order
,
-
Margenthem
.
-
The
Marquisates
of
-
Culembach
,
-
Culembach
,
-
Weisinstat
,
-
Bertrut
.
-
Ohnspach
,
-
Ohnspach
,
-
Kregling
.
-
The
Counties
of
-
Holach
,
-
Cash
-
Schwartzburg
,
-
Sensheim
,
-
Limpurg
,
-
Lewenstein
,
-
Wertheim
,
-
Erpach
,
-
Hennelberg
,
-
Coburg
.
-
The
Imperial
Cities
of
-
Francfort
,
-
Nuremburg
,
-
Rotemburg
,
-
Schieveinfurt
,
-
Weinsheim
,
-
Weissemburg
.
WURTZBURG
,
Herbipolis
,
is
the
Capital
of
Franconia
,
and
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Main
,
at
the
distance
of
80
miles
from
Mentz
,
and
60
from
Francfurt
to
the
East
,
80
from
Cassel
to
the
South
,
40
from
Bamberg
to
the
West
,
and
30
from
Rotemburg
to
the
North
.
The
City
is
divided
into
two
parts
by
the
River
,
which
are
again
joyn'd
by
a
fair
Bridge
;
besides
the
Main
several
little
Brooks
run
through
the
Streets
,
and
pleasantly
water
the
Town
.
It
is
adorn'd
with
an
University
,
and
one
of
the
richest
and
most
magnificent
Hospitals
of
Europe
,
And
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
,
built
on
a
Hill
,
which
is
joyned
to
the
Town
by
a
Wall
,
flanked
with
four
Bastions
.
This
was
formerly
an
Imperial
City
,
but
has
been
subjected
to
the
Bishop
.
To
S.
Burcard
the
first
Bishop
of
this
See
,
the
Emperor
Charlemaign
granted
the
Country
of
Francia
Orientalis
,
upon
which
account
his
Successors
assumed
the
Title
of
Duke
of
Franconia
.
This
Prelate
is
very
Potent
,
being
Secular
as
well
as
Spiritual
Lord
of
400
Villages
and
Towns
,
and
able
to
raise
an
Army
of
15000
Men
.
He
judges
Causes
,
and
Condemns
Criminals
,
in
token
whereof
at
Solemn
occasions
,
he
hath
a
naked
Sword
born
before
him
.
FRANCFURT
,
Francofurtum
aut
Francofordia
,
being
the
Foord
of
the
Franks
,
and
heretofore
Helenopolis
:
Now
commonly
for
distinction
call'd
Francofurtum
ad
Maenum
.
It
is
seated
on
both
sides
the
Main
,
if
the
Suburb
of
Saxenhausen
on
the
Southside
of
the
River
be
consider'd
as
part
of
it
,
that
as
well
as
the
City
being
strongly
Fortified
with
Bastions
,
large
Moats
,
Counterscarps
,
and
other
Outworks
;
and
also
joined
to
the
City
by
a
Bridge
,
which
is
a
noble
Work
,
being
built
of
Stone
,
and
composed
of
many
Arches
.
It
is
a
large
,
populous
,
rich
and
well
traded
City
,
Imperial
and
Free
,
and
govern'd
by
its
own
Counsels
,
Senators
and
Sheriffs
,
chosen
by
the
Trades-men
.
In
the
Church
of
S.
Bartholomew
here
the
Election
of
the
Emperor
is
made
,
being
expresly
so
ordained
in
the
Golden
Bull
,
or
Grand
Charter
of
Germany
,
made
by
the
Emperor
Charles
IV
.
Which
Golden
Bull
is
also
it self
laid
up
in
the
Town-house
of
this
City
.
Here
is
also
an
Imperial
Palace
,
call'd
the
Braunsfeld
,
a
Mansion-house
of
the
Knights
of
the
Tutonick
Order
,
which
with
the
Port
,
the
Fortress
,
the
Bridge
between
two
Towers
,
and
several
Houses
of
Noblemen
,
together
with
the
Bridge
over
the
Main
above-mention'd
,
are
good
Ornaments
to
the
Town
.
The
private
Houses
are
of
Wood
Plaister'd
and
Painted
over
.
Francfort
is
conveniently
seated
for
Trade
;
for
the
Main
receives
several
smaller
Rivers
,
and
it self
falls
into
the
Rhine
about
20
miles
from
hence
,
whereby
Goods
are
easily
brought
to
it
,
especially
at
the
two
great
Annual
Marts
in
April
and
September
,
when
great
quantities
of
all
sorts
of
Commodities
,
especially
Books
,
brought
from
all
parts
of
Europe
,
are
Vended
here
,
to
the
great
profit
of
the
Town
.
The
Inhabitants
are
generally
of
the
Lutheran
Religion
,
and
were
the
first
that
demanded
the
free
exercise
of
it
;
the
refusal
of
which
in
the
year
1525
made
them
revolt
against
the
Clergy
and
Senate
,
and
chuse
themselves
new
Magistrates
:
And
in
1530
,
the
Ausburg
Confession
was
Established
;
however
other
Religions
are
tolerated
;
and
among
the
rest
,
the
Jews
,
who
are
pretty
numerous
here
,
but
confin'd
to
live
in
one
Street
,
which
is
lock'd
up
every
Night
.
A
Monument
is
to
be
seen
here
of
a
very
Notorious
Fact
that
three
of
that
Nation
were
guilty
of
,
for
which
they
were
tied
up
in
Sacks
and
thrown
into
the
Main
,
and
a
Memorial
of
there
lewd
Action
painted
over
one
of
the
Gates
.
Francfort
stands
in
the
Latitude
of
50
deg
.
and
in
the
Longitude
of
28
deg
.
10
min.
Aschaffemburg
on
the
South-side
of
the
Main
,
with
the
Counties
of
Reineck
and
Lohn
,
are
reckon'd
part
of
this
Circle
,
but
belonging
to
the
Arch-bishop
of
Mentz
.
They
are
already
spoken
of
in
the
account
of
that
Electorate
.
NUREMBERG
,
or
NURNBERG
,
Nuremberga
,
aut
Noricorum
Mons
,
one
of
the
largest
,
richest
and
most
populous
Cities
of
Garmany
,
stands
at
the
bottom
of
a
Hill
near
the
confluence
of
the
Rivers
Rednitz
and
Pegnitz
,
at
the
distance
of
55
miles
from
Wurtzburg
to
the
East
,
40
from
Bamberg
to
the
South
,
as
many
from
Ingolstadt
to
the
North
,
and
50
from
Ratisbon
to
the
North-west
.
It
is
a
very
considerable
place
on
account
of
its
two
annual
Fairs
,
its
Traffick
and
Manufactures
;
the
Clocks
and
small
Wares
made
here
being
especially
admired
.
The
Houses
are
all
built
of
Free-stone
and
four
or
five
Stories
high
,
the
Streets
are
large
,
and
the
publick
Places
very
regular
:
The
Town-house
,
or
Guild-hall
is
very
magnificent
:
Here
are
eleven
Stone-bridges
over
the
Pegnitz
,
whereof
that
of
one
Arch
is
most
artificially
and
admirably
built
.
The
other
publick
Works
are
12
Fountaines
,
26
Wells
,
and
a
large
Arsenal
,
containing
300
pieces
of
Canon
,
and
Arms
for
1500
men
,
a
strong
Castle
,
and
6
Gates
,
each
defended
with
a
large
Tower
.
In
this
City
the
Emperor
is
obliged
to
hold
the
first
Dyet
after
his
Coronation
,
and
for
that
purpose
,
the
Regalia
or
Imperial
Ornaments
,
viz.
the
Imperial
Crown
of
Charlemaigne
,
the
Dalmatica
or
Mantle
of
the
same
Charles
,
together
with
his
Cloak
,
Sword
,
Belt
,
Gloves
,
&c.
are
here
laid
up
.
It
was
made
an
Imperial
City
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
Barbarossa
,
and
purchas'd
its
Liberty
of
Frederick
I.
Elector
of
Brandenburg
;
and
it
is
now
Govern'd
by
its
own
Senators
.
The
Inhabitants
are
of
the
Lutheran
Religion
,
the
Roman
Catholicks
having
only
one
Church
.
A
Peace
was
concluded
here
between
the
Princes
of
Germany
in
year
1649
,
The
City
of
Nuremberg
hath
a
Territory
belonging
to
it
of
about
20
miles
extent
,
wherein
about
15
miles
to
the
South
stands
Altorf
,
a
small
Town
,
but
made
considerable
by
an
University
in
it
,
first
established
in
1578
,
but
improv'd
in
1623
,
and
does
now
contain
at
least
200
Students
.
BAMBERG
,
Bamberga
,
aut
Babenberga
,
took
its
Name
from
Baba
,
the
Daughter
of
the
Emperor
Otho
.
It
stands
about
40
miles
from
Wurtzburg
to
the
East
,
and
30
from
Nuremberg
to
the
North
,
in
a
Country
abounding
with
rich
Fruits
and
Plants
,
and
is
Water'd
by
the
River
Rednitz
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Main
.
It
was
formerly
Imperial
and
Free
,
but
now
subject
to
its
Bishop
,
who
depends
on
no
Metropolitan
but
the
Pope
,
and
is
not
only
Lord
of
this
See
(
which
is
60
miles
in
length
,
and
thirty
in
breadth
)
but
also
of
divers
Mannors
in
Carinthia
,
and
the
Castles
of
Cronach
and
Forkheim
,
besides
several
Royalties
elsewhere
,
whereby
he
has
the
Honour
to
have
four
of
the
Electors
,
viz.
The
King
of
Bohemia
,
and
the
Electors
of
Bavaria
,
Saxony
and
Brandenburg
,
his
Dependents
for
some
parts
of
their
Estates
.
The
Bishop's
Palace
here
is
a
splendid
Building
,
and
adorn'd
with
fair
Gardens
and
Orchards
:
The
Cathedral
Church
has
a
high
Steeple
with
four
Spires
,
which
with
the
Jesuits
Church
and
the
Castle
,
are
worth
a
Travellers
View
.
MERGENTHEIM
,
or
MARIENDAL
,
the
Capital
of
the
small
Territory
of
the
Great
Master
of
the
Teutonick
Order
,
and
the
usual
place
of
his
Residence
,
is
a
small
Town
,
and
not
very
considerable
.
It
stands
upon
the
River
Golach
20
miles
South-west
from
Wurtzburg
.
OHNSPACH
,
or
ANSPACH
,
Onoldium
,
and
Onspachium
,
is
the
Capital
of
a
Marquisate
of
pretty
large
extent
,
which
belongs
to
a
Prince
of
the
Family
of
Brandenburgh
;
it
is
Fortified
,
and
hath
a
Castle
,
situate
about
25
miles
from
Nuremberg
to
the
West
,
and
20
from
Rotemburg
to
the
East
,
The
Bishoprick
of
AICHSTAT
lyes
between
the
Marquisate
of
Ohnspach
and
the
Burgraviate
of
Nuremberg
on
the
North
,
the
County
of
Oeting
and
Dutchy
of
Neuburg
on
the
South
,
and
the
Palatinate
of
Bavaria
on
the
East
.
It
extends
about
30
miles
from
East
to
West
and
in
some
parts
of
it
15
or
16
,
in
others
not
above
7
or
8
from
North
to
South
.
The
Bishop
is
Temporal
as
well
as
Spiritual
Lord
of
it
;
and
the
chief
City
whence
it
is
nam'd
stands
upon
the
River
Altmul
,
25
miles
South
from
Nuremberg
,
and
8
or
9
North
from
the
Danube
.
ROTEMBURG
,
Rotemburgum
,
a
Free
Imperial
City
,
seated
in
the
limits
of
the
Marquisate
of
Ohnspach
upon
the
River
Tauber
,
20
miles
from
that
Town
,
30
from
Nuremberg
to
the
West
,
and
40
from
Wurtzburg
to
the
South
.
It
obtained
its
Freedom
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
I.
in
the
Year
1163.
WINTZHEIM
,
another
small
Imperial
City
,
stands
also
in
this
Marquisate
upon
the
River
Aisch
,
about
16
miles
North
from
Rotemburg
,
and
20
Northwest
from
Ohnspach
.
The
County
of
HOLACH
lies
next
to
Ohnspach
to
the
South-west
,
The
Barony
of
LIMPURG
adjoins
to
Holach
on
the
South
.
The
small
County
of
LEWNSTEIN
,
lies
also
South
from
Holach
,
and
West
from
Limpurg
.
The
County
of
WERTHEIM
lies
on
both
sides
the
Main
,
West
from
the
Bishoprick
of
Wurtzburg
;
't
is
of
about
20
miles
extent
,
of
a
square
form
,
and
a
very
fruitful
Country
,
affording
besides
Corn
and
Pasture
,
very
good
Wines
,
the
making
whereof
is
the
Trade
of
the
chief
Town
,
which
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
Main
,
where
it
receives
the
Tauber
,
and
is
distant
20
miles
from
Wurtsburg
to
the
West
.
ERPACH
,
the
Capital
of
another
County
,
which
lies
on
the
South
side
of
the
Main
,
stands
30
miles
South-east
from
Francfort
,
and
20
North
from
Heidelberg
;
it
is
a
place
of
no
great
Trade
,
nor
considerable
,
but
for
giving
Title
to
a
Count
of
the
Empire
.
SCHWEINFURT
,
an
Imperial
Free
City
,
is
seated
on
the
Main
,
30
miles
from
Wurtsburg
to
the
North
,
and
near
as
many
from
Bamberg
to
the
East
.
This
City
suffer'd
much
in
the
German
Wars
,
having
been
taken
by
the
Swedes
,
and
afterwards
seiz'd
by
the
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
,
in
1553
,
but
being
besieg'd
the
next
Year
,
he
plunder'd
and
deserted
it
.
The
Marquisate
of
CULEMBURG
is
reckon'd
part
of
this
Circle
,
tho'
it
be
subject
to
the
Duke
of
Brandenburg
.
It
is
a
Country
of
50
miles
in
length
from
North
to
South
,
and
30
miles
in
breadth
,
lying
next
the
Bishoprick
of
Bamberg
to
the
East
:
The
chief
Town
,
which
gives
name
to
the
County
,
is
seated
on
the
Main
,
25
miles
East
from
Bamberg
.
The
RIVER
MAIN
arises
in
two
Springs
in
Mount
Fichtelberg
on
the
East-side
of
this
Marquisate
,
which
unite
near
the
Town
of
Cullembech
,
and
flowing
Westward
,
receives
the
Rednitz
,
Warres
,
and
other
Rivers
;
and
in
a
Serpentine
course
runs
through
the
middle
of
Franconia
,
passing
by
Schweinfurt
,
Wurtzburg
,
Wertheim
,
Aschaffemburg
and
Francfurt
;
and
falls
into
the
Rhine
a
little
above
Mentz
,
after
a
course
of
110
miles
:
Its
breadth
at
Francfort
is
reckon'd
by
English
Travellers
about
half
as
much
as
the
Thames
at
London
.
CHAP.
V.
The
PALATINATE
of
the
RHINE
,
Palatinus
Rheni
,
aut
Palatinus
Inferior
;
in
the
German
Language
,
Pfaltz
auf
Rhein
,
or
Nider
Pfaltz
.
THE
Palatinate
of
the
Rhine
,
called
the
Lower
Palatinate
,
to
distinguish
it
from
that
of
Bavaria
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Bishoprick
of
Mentz
,
on
the
South
by
Alsatia
,
on
the
East
by
Franconia
and
Wertemburg
,
and
one
the
West
by
Lorrain
and
the
Bishoprick
or
Triers
:
It
extends
from
East
to
West
almost
100
English
Mi●es
,
and
from
North
to
South
abut
60.
The
Air
is
Healthful
,
and
the
Soil
Fruitful
,
the
Country
abounding
in
delicious
Wine
besides
Corn
and
Pasture
:
Here
are
also
some
Mines
of
Agate
and
Jasper
,
and
even
Gold
is
found
among
the
Sands
of
the
Rhine
,
whereof
particular
Ducats
are
Coin'd
.
Besides
the
Rhine
,
which
by
passing
through
it
gives
name
to
this
Region
,
the
Necker
,
a
very
considerable
River
,
waters
the
Eastern
part
of
it
,
and
having
passed
by
Heidelberg
,
falls
into
the
Rhine
at
Manheim
;
and
several
other
smaller
Rivers
are
found
in
several
parts
of
it
.
The
Dominions
of
this
Elector
were
much
larger
before
Frederick
V.
(
who
Married
the
Daughter
of
King
James
I.
)
was
dispossessed
of
them
by
the
Emperor
in
1620
,
and
his
Estates
together
with
the
Electoral
Dignity
,
given
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
:
Afterwards
at
the
Treaty
of
Munster
in
1648
,
he
obtained
this
part
to
be
restored
,
but
that
of
the
upper
Palatinate
he
could
not
recover
,
nor
prevail
●hat
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
should
be
divested
of
the
Electoral
Dignity
;
however
to
make
him
some
amends
,
he
was
chosen
a-new
,
and
made
an
Eighth
in
the
Electoral
Colledge
,
with
the
Title
of
Elector
Palatine
of
the
Rhine
.
The
chief
Cities
and
Towns
in
this
Electorate
,
are
-
Heidelberg
,
Capital
.
-
Manheim
,
-
Frankendal
,
-
Openheim
,
-
Creutznack
,
-
Altzheim
,
-
Keiserlauter
,
-
Newstadt
,
-
Bacharach
.
HEIDELBERG
,
Heidelberga
aut
Edelberga
,
the
Capital
of
this
Palatinate
,
is
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Neckar
in
a
fruitful
Plain
at
the
foot
of
a
Mountain
near
the
Frontiers
of
Schwaben
;
at
the
distance
of
40
miles
from
Francfurt
to
the
South
,
60
from
Wurtzburg
to
the
South-west
,
10
from
Manheim
to
the
East
,
and
12
from
Spire
to
the
North-east
.
It
is
a
large
and
flourishing
City
(
at
least
was
so
before
the
French
destroy'd
it
)
populous
and
rich
;
it
was
much
enlarged
and
a
Suburb
call'd
Bergheimb
added
to
it
in
1392.
It
is
beautified
with
a
magnificent
Castle
,
wherein
the
Elector
keeps
his
Court
,
and
adorn'd
with
an
University
,
planted
by
Rupert
Prince
Elector
Palatine
,
in
1387.
which
hath
been
happy
in
the
Education
of
the
famous
Philologer
Janus
Gruterus
,
and
other
considerable
Men
.
The
Church
of
the
Holy
Ghost
was
remarkable
for
the
famous
Library
kept
in
it
,
which
in
the
Wars
with
Spain
was
transported
to
Rome
for
preservation
.
The
Wine
of
this
place
is
valued
,
and
the
great
Tun
is
much
talked
of
,
for
it
's
stupendious
Bulk
,
containing
no
less
then
200
Tun
of
English
measure
:
It
stands
(
if
the
French
have
not
destroy'd
it
)
near
the
Palace
.
This
City
was
part
of
the
Bishoprick
of
Worms
before
the
year
1225.
at
which
time
Lewis
the
first
Elector
Palatine
was
invested
with
the
Castle
and
old
Town
,
to
which
his
Successors
added
the
New
Suburb
,
as
is
already
said
.
It
has
suffer'd
much
by
Wars
,
having
been
laid
wast
by
the
Spaniards
and
others
during
the
German
Wars
in
the
last
Century
;
but
more
so
in
this
present
War
,
for
the
French
have
twice
taken
it
,
viz.
in
1683
and
1692
and
most
barbarously
burnt
and
destroy'd
it
.
Manheim
,
seated
at
the
confluence
of
the
Rhine
and
Neckar
10
miles
West
from
Heidelberg
,
was
strongly
fortified
by
Frederick
IV
.
in
1606.
but
taken
and
dismantled
by
the
the
Spaniards
in
1622.
afterwards
refortified
by
the
last
Elector
,
and
had
besides
the
Citadel
several
Outworks
and
a
small
Citadel
on
the
Rhine
,
when
the
French
attack'd
and
took
it
in
1688
,
who
being
forc'd
to
abandon
it
in
1689.
destroyed
all
the
Fortifications
.
map of Manheim
MANHEIM
Frankendal
is
seated
on
the
West-side
of
the
Rhine
,
10
miles
from
Manheim
,
and
20
from
Heidelberg
to
the
West
.
It
was
at
first
a
Monastry
only
,
but
encreased
to
a
fair
City
,
and
fortified
by
Frederick
III
.
Elector
Palatine
in
1571.
afterwards
taken
by
the
Spaniards
and
kept
by
them
till
the
Westphalian
Treaty
,
when
it
was
restored
to
the
Elector
.
It
hath
suffer'd
the
same
Fate
as
Manheim
in
this
War
,
having
been
taken
and
burnt
by
the
French
in
1689.
map of Frankenthal
FRANKENDAL
Altzheim
or
Altzey
,
the
Capital
of
one
of
the
Bailiwicks
,
or
Ampten
,
and
the
ancient
Seat
of
the
Elector
,
stands
25
miles
North-west
from
Frankendal
:
It
is
a
good
Town
,
with
a
Castle
and
Walls
.
Creutznach
is
a
good
Town
,
with
a
Castle
seated
upon
a
high
Hill
,
and
nam'd
Kansemberg
:
The
Town
stands
upon
the
River
Nahe
,
about
18
miles
Northwest
from
Altzheim
.
The
jurisdiction
of
it
is
divided
between
this
Elector
,
the
Marquess
of
Baden
and
the
Prince
of
Simmeren
.
The
Castle
of
Eberemberg
,
remarkable
for
the
Siege
it
sustain'd
in
1692.
stands
on
the
Nahe
,
not
above
8
or
9
miles
East
from
Creutznach
.
Keiser-lautern
,
call'd
Caseloutre
by
the
French
,
stands
upon
the
Rivre
Lautern
near
the
Borders
of
the
Dutchy
of
Zwibrukken
,
30
miles
South
from
Creutznach
and
35
East
from
Manheim
.
It
is
a
small
City
formerly
Imperial
,
but
exempted
in
1402.
and
now
subject
to
this
Elector
.
SECT
.
II
.
The
Bishopricks
of
SPIRE
and
WORMS
,
the
Dutchy
of
ZWEYBRUGGEN
,
or
DEUX
PONTS
,
with
the
other
smaller
States
that
make
up
the
rest
of
the
Circle
of
the
LOWER
RHINE
.
The
Bishoprick
of
Spire
lies
on
both
sides
the
Rhine
,
in
length
from
East
to
West
about
40
miles
,
and
in
breadth
about
15
;
it
is
surrounded
by
the
Dominions
of
the
Elector
Palatine
,
and
lies
next
to
the
Bailiwick
of
Heidelberg
to
the
South
.
The
Bishoprick
of
Worms
lies
also
on
both
sides
the
Rhine
,
and
encompass'd
by
the
Palatinate
;
it
is
small
,
being
hardly
20
miles
in
length
,
and
about
7
or
8
in
breadth
.
It
lies
North-east
from
Heidelberg
.
The
Dutchy
of
Zwibrukken
is
strecht
out
from
North-east
to
South-west
about
40
miles
in
length
,
and
in
breadth
in
some
places
25
,
in
others
not
above
8
or
9.
It
lies
next
to
the
Palatinate
to
the
South
,
and
is
possess'd
by
a
Prince
of
that
Family
.
The
other
Estates
,
together
with
the
chief
Towns
,
will
be
seen
in
this
Table
,
viz.
-
The
Bishopricks
of
-
Spire
,
-
Spire
,
-
Philipsburg
,
-
Worms
,
-
Worms
,
-
Ladenburg
.
-
The
Dutchies
of
-
Zwybrukken
,
-
Zwybruk
,
-
Landsperg
.
-
Simmeren
,
-
Simmeren
,
-
Spanheim
.
-
Birckenfeld
,
-
Birckenfeld
,
-
Lautereck
,
-
Lautereck
.
Belonging
to
several
Branches
of
the
Palatine
Family
.
-
The
Counties
of
-
Linange
,
-
Rheingravestein
,
-
Reipoltzkirk
.
SPIRE
,
Spira
,
aut
Noviomagus
,
Nemetum
,
&
Nemetas
,
is
a
large
rich
and
populous
City
,
seated
on
the
East
side
of
the
Rhine
,
where
it
receives
the
small
River
Sparbach
,
being
almost
in
the
midst
between
Mentz
to
the
North
,
and
Strasburg
to
the
South
,
at
the
distance
of
about
50
miles
from
both
,
and
about
12
or
14
from
Heidelberg
to
the
South-west
.
Tho'
it
be
the
Seat
of
the
Bishop
,
it
is
not
subject
to
him
,
but
Imperial
and
Free
,
under
the
Protection
of
the
Elector
Palatine
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
a
very
stately
Building
,
and
hath
in
it
the
Monuments
of
no
less
than
eight
Emperors
that
have
been
buried
there
;
but
the
private
Buildings
are
not
very
good
.
In
this
City
the
Imperial
Chamber
or
supreme
Court
of
Judicature
in
Germany
,
was
establish'd
in
the
Year
1530
,
and
was
constantly
held
here
till
the
Year
1689
,
when
it
was
removed
to
Wetslar
in
Hesse
,
because
this
place
was
taken
by
the
French
,
and
most
inhumanely
burnt
and
destroy'd
.
The
Chamber
was
the
chief
support
of
the
Town
;
so
that
at
present
it
must
needs
be
in
a
very
ordinary
condition
.
Philipsburg
,
Philipoburgum
,
formerly
a
small
Town
call'd
Udensheim
,
which
was
encompass'd
with
Walls
,
by
Gelherd
Bishop
of
Spire
,
in
1343
,
is
now
one
of
the
strongest
Towns
of
Germany
.
In
1615
,
Philip
Christopher
of
●●etern
Bishop
of
Spire
and
Trier
,
repair'd
and
fortified
it
with
seven
royal
Bastions
,
and
gave
it
its
present
name
.
The
Castle
was
founded
in
1513
,
by
George
Count
Palatine
of
the
Rhine
and
Bishop
of
Spire
,
repair'd
in
1570
by
Bishop
Marquard
de
Hatstein
,
and
is
a
stately
Building
.
The
Town
is
seated
in
a
Plain
inviron'd
with
Marshes
,
which
adds
much
to
its
Strength
;
however
,
it
was
often
taken
and
regain'd
in
the
German
Wars
,
viz.
by
the
Swedes
,
in
1634
by
Famine
;
by
the
Austrian
Troops
the
Year
after
,
by
Stratagem
;
and
by
the
French
by
Storm
,
in
1644
,
which
last
bestowed
great
Cost
in
fortifying
it
,
adding
many
Out-works
according
to
the
modern
manner
,
(
whereof
see
the
Draught
annexed
)
and
kept
it
till
1676
,
when
the
Germans
regain'd
it
after
a
Siege
map of Philipsburg
PHILIPSBURG
of
four
Months
,
and
it
was
granted
to
them
by
the
Peace
of
Nimeguen
.
But
they
have
lost
it
again
in
this
War
,
which
was
began
with
the
Siege
of
this
place
by
the
Dauphin
of
France
,
to
whom
it
was
surrender'd
on
the
first
of
November
,
1688.
It
stands
on
the
East
side
of
the
Rhine
,
20
miles
from
Heidelberg
,
and
8
or
9
from
Spire
to
the
South
.
WORMS
,
Vormaciae
,
olim
Borbetomagus
,
&
Vangiones
,
is
seated
on
the
Western
bank
of
the
Rhine
,
25
miles
North
from
Spire
,
and
as
many
South
from
Mentz
.
It
was
formerly
a
Metropolitan
See
,
but
afterwards
reduc'd
to
an
Episcopal
,
under
the
Arch-bishop
of
Mentz
.
It
was
made
a
free
and
imperial
City
by
the
Emperor
Henry
II
.
and
is
now
govern'd
by
its
own
Magistrates
under
the
Protection
of
the
Elector
Palatine
.
It
was
often
taken
and
retaken
during
the
German
Wars
,
and
was
taken
and
burnt
by
the
barbarous
French
in
the
Year
,
1689.
ZWEIBRUKKEN
,
in
French
DEUXPONTS
,
lat
.
Bipontium
,
so
call'd
from
Bridges
over
two
small
Rivers
whereon
it
stands
,
at
the
distance
of
45
miles
from
Worms
and
50
from
Spires
to
the
West
,
as
many
from
Trier
to
the
East
,
and
40
from
Mentz
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
small
but
well
built
City
,
formerly
fenced
with
a
good
Fort
,
which
is
now
demolish'd
,
the
whole
Town
having
suffer'd
much
during
the
German
War
.
SIMMEREN
,
Simmera
,
the
chief
Town
of
the
lower
County
of
Sponheim
,
and
the
Capital
of
a
Territory
formerly
govern'd
by
its
own
Prince
,
but
now
subject
to
the
Elector
Palatine
,
with
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
is
seated
at
the
distance
of
30
miles
from
Mentz
.
to
the
West
,
and
25
from
Coblentz
to
the
South
.
BIRKENFELD
,
Bircofelda
,
is
a
small
Town
,
with
the
Title
of
a
Principality
and
Dutchy
,
seated
in
the
upper
County
of
Sponheim
and
District
of
Hunsdruck
near
the
River
Nab
,
at
the
distance
of
28
miles
from
Trier
to
the
South-east
,
and
30
from
Zweibrukken
to
the
North-east
.
It
is
wall'd
and
hath
a
Castle
,
wherein
died
Charles
III
.
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
on
the
17th
Sept.
1675.
LAUTERACH
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Lauter
,
40
miles
West
from
Worms
,
and
18
from
Zweibrukken
.
LENINGEN
,
the
Capital
of
the
County
of
Linage
,
stands
18
miles
North-west
from
Spire
,
and
about
20
South-west
from
Worms
.
RHINGRAVESTEIN
,
stands
between
Creutznach
and
Eberemburg
,
35
miles
almost
North-west
from
Worms
.
REIPOLSKIRK
is
30
miles
West
from
Worms
,
and
the
Capital
of
another
small
County
.
CHAP.
VI
.
ALSATIA
,
Alsatia
,
in
High-Dutch
Elsalz
.
ALSATIA
is
the
Country
of
the
ancient
Triboces
,
and
one
of
the
four
Landgraviates
of
the
Empire
,
but
is
at
present
intirely
subject
to
the
French
,
having
been
conquer'd
by
the
present
King
.
It
is
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
Rhine
,
and
bounded
on
the
West
by
that
River
,
the
Dutchy
of
Wirtemburg
,
and
some
other
parts
of
Schwaben
;
on
the
East
by
a
Ridge
of
Mountains
that
divide
it
from
Lorrain
,
on
the
North
by
the
Palatinate
,
and
on
the
South
by
Swisserland
.
Its
Extent
is
from
North
to
South
100
English
miles
,
and
from
East
to
West
,
comprehending
Brisgaw
,
40
miles
,
but
in
the
other
parts
not
above
25.
The
Soil
is
fruitful
in
Corn
,
Pasture
,
Wine
and
Fruits
;
and
in
the
Mountains
Mines
of
Copper
and
Lead
.
Alsatia
was
erected
into
a
Landgraviate
by
the
Emperor
Otho
III
.
and
sometime
possess'd
by
the
House
of
Austria
;
but
,
being
conquer'd
by
the
French
,
was
granted
to
them
by
the
Pyrenean
Treaty
in
1659.
It
is
divided
into
the
Upper
and
Lower
,
to
which
is
usually
added
Suntgaw
,
Brisgow
and
Ortnow
.
The
whole
contains
46
Towns
and
50
Castles
,
besides
a
great
many
Villages
.
The
chief
whereof
are
these
,
viz.
-
In
the
Lower
Alsace
,
-
Strasburg
,
-
Savern
or
Zabern
,
-
Haguenaw
,
-
Fort
Louis
,
-
Weissemburg
,
-
Landaw
,
-
Roschein
,
-
Schlestad
.
-
In
the
Upper
Alsace
.
-
Colmar
,
-
Munster
,
-
Murbach
.
-
In
Suntgaw
,
-
Pfirt
or
Ferette
,
-
Mulhausen
,
-
Befort
,
-
Huningen
.
-
In
Brisgaw
,
-
Brisac
,
-
Friburg
,
-
To
which
may
be
added
,
-
The
County
of
Montbeliart
.
STRASBURG
,
Argentoratum
,
Argentina
,
aut
etiam
Strasburgum
,
stands
upon
the
Confluence
of
the
two
Rivers
Ill
and
Breusch
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Rhine
,
and
is
distant
50
miles
for
Spire
,
and
24
from
Haguenaw
to
the
South
,
30
from
Brisac
,
and
55
from
Basil
to
the
North
,
and
about
70
from
Nancy
in
Lorrain
to
the
East
.
It
is
seated
in
the
midst
of
a
pleasant
Plain
,
and
is
a
large
,
populous
and
rich
City
;
formerly
Imperial
,
and
govern'd
by
its
own
Magistrates
,
from
the
time
of
its
embracing
the
Reformation
,
Anno
,
1529
,
till
the
French
took
it
in
1682
,
who
having
alter'd
the
Government
,
has
much
injur'd
the
Trade
of
it
.
It
is
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Mentz
,
and
adorn'd
with
many
stately
Buildings
,
among
which
the
Town-house
,
Arsenal
and
Cathedral
Church
,
are
chiefly
remarkable
;
especially
the
last
,
the
Tower
whereof
is
built
in
form
of
a
Pyramid
574
Foot
high
;
and
hath
in
it
a
Clock
exceedingly
admir'd
for
its
curious
Workmanship
,
shewing
not
only
the
Hour
of
the
Day
,
but
the
course
of
the
Sun
,
Moon
,
and
all
the
other
Planets
.
Here
is
an
University
,
which
was
founded
in
the
Year
,
1538
,
and
a
considerable
Library
.
Tho'
the
French
be
Masters
,
the
Inhabitants
are
generally
of
the
Lutheran
Religion
.
The
old
Wall
and
Fortifications
were
formerly
of
no
great
Strength
;
but
since
the
French
have
had
it
,
they
have
made
it
very
strong
by
the
addition
of
many
new
Works
and
a
Cittadel
,
with
a
great
Horn-work
for
its
defence
on
that
end
of
the
Town
next
the
Rhine
,
together
with
Forts
in
some
Islands
in
the
Rhine
,
which
secure
the
Bridge
and
command
the
Passage
of
the
River
;
all
which
will
be
better
understood
by
this
Draught
.
map of Strasbourg
STRASBURG
Zabern
,
Saverne
or
Elsaszabern
,
is
next
to
Strasburg
,
the
chief
Town
of
the
Lower
Alsace
;
it
is
situate
15
miles
Northwest
from
Strasburg
,
and
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
at
the
top
of
a
Rock
,
wherein
formerly
the
Bishops
of
Strasburg
kept
a
Court
of
Judicature
.
Haguenaw
,
an
Imperial
City
before
the
French
Wars
,
is
seated
between
the
two
Rivers
Motter
and
Sorna
,
about
6
miles
from
the
Rhine
to
the
West
,
and
14
from
Strasburg
to
the
North
,
and
encompass'd
with
thick
Woods
,
and
at
some
distance
with
Corn-fields
and
fruitful
Vineyards
.
It
was
formerly
the
Seat
of
the
supreme
Court
of
Judicature
for
Alsace
,
and
had
in
it
a
fair
Palace
of
the
Emperors
,
built
by
Frederick
Barbarossa
,
in
1164.
It
was
taken
by
the
French
,
and
granted
to
them
by
the
Treaty
of
Munster
,
and
hath
been
strongly
fortified
.
Fort
Louis
stands
in
an
Island
of
the
Rhine
,
almost
over
against
Baden
,
and
about
10
miles
East
from
Haguenaw
.
It
is
small
but
very
strong
,
and
was
built
by
the
present
French
King
,
for
the
better
security
of
this
part
of
the
Country
,
and
the
command
of
the
River
.
The
Form
of
it
is
fully
seen
in
this
Draught
.
map
FORT
LOUIS
on
the
RHEINE
Weissenburg
was
also
an
Imperial
City
,
and
much
honoured
by
Dagobert
King
of
France
,
who
presented
them
with
a
large
Crown
of
Silver
:
But
now
subject
to
the
French
.
It
is
situate
on
the
River
Lutra
,
about
10
miles
West
from
the
Rhine
,
16
North
from
Haguenaw
,
and
25
South-west
from
Spire
.
Landaw
is
seated
on
the
Borders
of
the
Palatinate
,
10
miles
North
from
Weissemburg
,
and
15
South-west
from
Spire
.
It
was
granted
to
the
French
by
the
Treaty
of
Munster
,
and
is
now
in
their
Possession
,
and
very
strongly
fortified
,
as
may
be
seen
by
this
Plan
of
it
.
In
1688
,
the
French
lodged
here
the
Plunder
they
took
out
of
most
of
the
Towns
of
the
Palatinate
,
which
by
accidental
Fire
was
all
destroy'd
the
next
Year
.
map of Landau
LANDAW
Roschein
stands
12
miles
West
from
Strasburg
.
Schlestadt
,
formerly
a
Free
and
Imperial
City
,
but
taken
by
the
French
,
and
granted
to
them
by
the
Westphalian
Peace
,
is
seated
20
miles
from
Strasburg
to
the
South
,
and
12
from
Colmar
to
the
North
.
The
Fortifications
were
demolish'd
by
the
Confederates
,
in
1673
,
but
since
rebuilt
by
the
French
,
and
is
now
a
place
of
good
Strength
.
Colmar
,
once
an
Imperial
and
very
populous
City
,
but
by
the
German
Civil
War
and
the
French
Armies
almost
quite
depopulated
,
stands
in
a
plain
,
fruitful
Country
,
about
8
miles
West
of
Brisac
,
and
30
South
from
Strasburg
.
Pfirt
,
called
Ferette
by
the
French
,
is
a
small
City
,
but
the
Capital
of
Suntgow
;
it
stands
near
the
source
of
the
River
Ill
,
30
miles
South
from
Colmar
,
and
about
10
West
from
Basil
.
It
was
granted
to
the
French
by
the
Treaty
of
Westphalia
,
and
is
now
possessed
by
them
.
About
10
or
12
miles
from
hence
to
the
North-east
,
and
not
above
2
or
3
from
Basil
stands
Huningen
,
a
very
strong
Fortress
,
built
not
many
Years
since
by
the
French
King
;
it
stands
on
the
West
side
of
the
Rhine
,
about
2
or
3
miles
North
of
Basil
,
and
20
South
of
Brisac
:
It
is
large
enough
to
hold
a
Garrison
of
4
or
5000
Men
,
and
is
compos'd
of
five
Bastions
;
and
hath
a
Magazine
vaulted
with
Brick
so
strongly
,
that
it
is
proof
against
Bombs
;
besides
the
Tenailes
,
Ravelines
,
Counterscarp
and
double
Ditch
,
there
are
two
large
Horn-works
to
the
North
and
South
,
and
a
third
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
;
and
from
the
Ramparts
there
go
Vaults
to
the
Horn-works
,
for
conveying
Men
to
them
.
The
Plan
of
these
Works
we
have
here
added
,
for
the
Reader's
better
Information
.
map of Huningue
HUNINGEN
Mulhausen
,
once
an
Imperial
City
,
but
now
subject
to
the
French
,
stands
12
miles
North
from
Pfirt
,
and
near
20
South
form
Colmar
.
Befort
or
Beford
,
formerly
the
Capital
of
this
County
,
but
was
almost
ruin'd
by
the
Wars
,
and
is
now
a
small
City
of
no
great
note
.
It
stands
20
miles
West
from
Pfirt
,
and
as
many
from
Mulhausen
.
Adjoyning
to
Alsace
,
and
Westward
of
Suntgaw
,
lies
the
County
of
MONTBELLART
,
belonging
to
the
Dukes
of
Wurtemburg
:
The
Capital
City
is
of
the
same
name
,
seated
in
a
very
pleasant
and
wholsom
Air
,
40
miles
South
of
Colmar
,
and
35
from
Basil
,
and
about
8
or
9
from
Befort
to
the
West
.
The
Streets
are
large
,
the
Houses
well
built
of
Stone
,
and
without
the
Gates
are
delicate
Gardens
.
Brisac
,
the
Capital
of
the
Brisgaw
,
stands
on
the
East
side
of
the
Rhine
,
30
miles
South
from
Strasburg
,
24
North
from
Basil
,
and
8
West
from
Colmar
.
It
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
,
and
is
joyn'd
to
two
or
three
Islands
in
it
,
by
Bridges
,
which
,
as
well
as
the
Town
,
are
fortified
.
It
was
heretofore
an
Imperial
City
,
but
was
subjected
to
the
House
of
Austria
about
1330
,
and
taken
by
the
French
in
1638.
To
whom
it
was
granted
by
the
Westphalian
Treaty
,
and
ever
since
been
subject
,
and
is
now
but
a
mean
poor
Town
,
tho'
it
be
the
Seat
of
their
Parliament
or
supreme
Court
of
Judicature
for
these
parts
.
It
stands
upon
a
Hill
,
in
a
plain
level
Country
,
and
hath
a
fair
Stone-Bridge
over
the
Rhine
,
and
a
strong
Citadel
standing
in
an
Island
on
the
West
side
of
the
Town
.
The
Fortifications
are
exceeding
strong
;
on
the
West
side
are
eight
Bastions
,
fill'd
with
Earth
and
faced
with
Brick
,
and
before
every
Courtine
stands
a
Half-Moon
;
the
Ditch
is
broad
and
the
Counterscarp
,
Cover'd
Way
and
Palisado
are
well
executed
.
The
Fortifications
are
a
League
in
Circumference
,
and
the
Place
capable
of
garrisoning
9
or
10000
Men
.
This
is
a
Draught
of
it
,
exactly
taken
.
map of Breisach
BRISACH
Friburg
stands
10
miles
East
from
Brisac
,
in
a
fertile
Plain
,
at
the
foot
of
the
Mountains
,
and
on
the
small
River
Treisseim
,
that
falls
into
the
Rhine
;
it
is
a
good
City
,
and
the
Seat
of
an
University
,
which
was
first
establish'd
by
Albert
Archduke
of
Austria
,
in
1450.
It
was
thrice
taken
by
the
Swedes
,
in
1632
,
1634
,
and
1638.
And
twice
by
the
French
,
viz.
1671
,
and
1677
,
and
finally
surrendred
to
them
by
the
Treaty
of
Nimeguen
,
and
since
very
strongly
fortified
,
as
the
Reader
may
see
by
this
Draught
.
map of Freiburg im Brisgau
FREIBURGH
CHAP.
VII
.
SCHWABEN
,
Suevia
.
THE
Dutchy
of
Schwaben
,
or
Swabia
,
in
French
Sonabe
,
had
its
Latin
Name
Suevia
,
from
some
Tribes
of
the
Suevi
,
that
came
down
from
the
Northern
parts
against
Julius
Caesar
,
whose
Posterity
setling
in
this
and
the
neighbouring
Countries
,
in
time
established
a
powerful
State
,
which
was
govern'd
for
some
Ages
by
a
Duke
,
who
was
at
first
elected
by
the
People
,
but
about
the
beginning
of
the
XIIth
Age
't
was
made
Hereditary
to
Frederick
the
Ancient
;
in
whose
Family
it
continued
till
about
the
Year
1268
,
when
Conradine
dying
without
Issue
,
this
Country
was
divided
between
several
Princes
,
Bishops
,
Free
Cities
,
who
have
all
Sovereign
Power
in
their
respective
Dominions
,
viz.
the
Bishops
of
Augsburg
and
Constance
,
the
Duke
of
Wirtemberg
and
the
Princes
of
Hohenzolleren
and
Furstemburg
,
8
Counts
,
5
Barons
,
the
Grand
Master
of
Malta
,
18
Abbots
,
the
Provost
Velenhausen
,
and
34
Imperial
Cities
.
The
extent
of
Schwaben
,
from
North
to
South
is
about
110
miles
,
and
from
East
to
West
130
,
and
its
bounds
are
,
the
Palatinate
and
Franconia
on
the
North
,
the
County
of
Tirol
and
Swisserland
on
the
South
,
Alsatia
on
the
West
,
and
Bavaria
on
the
East
.
The
Air
of
it
is
healthy
,
and
the
Soil
is
generally
fruitful
;
for
though
some
parts
be
mountainous
and
woody
,
yet
do
the
Hills
afford
Mines
of
Copper
,
Silver
and
other
Metals
,
and
the
Forests
much
Pine
and
Fir-Timber
,
besides
great
store
of
Game
:
And
the
other
parts
of
the
Country
yield
great
store
of
Corn
,
Wine
and
Flax
.
The
chief
River
is
the
Danube
,
which
hath
its
Source
here
,
in
the
Principality
of
Furstemburg
,
as
hath
also
the
Neckar
near
the
same
place
.
The
chief
Imployment
of
the
Inhabitants
is
making
of
Linnen
Cloath
,
whereof
they
vend
great
quantities
to
other
Nations
.
Schwaben
hath
these
States
and
chief
Towns
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Wurtemburg
,
wherein
these
Towns
are
of
the
chiefest
note
.
-
Stutgard
,
Capit
.
-
Tubingen
,
Imp.
-
Reutling
,
Imp.
-
Eslingen
,
Imp.
-
Hohendwil
-
Schorndorf
,
-
Loebenstein
,
County
,
-
Ebersteinstein
,
Count
.
-
The
Marquisate
of
Baden
,
-
Baden
,
Marquisate
,
-
Durlach
,
Marquisate
.
-
Pfortzheim
,
-
Badenweiller
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Augsburg
,
-
Augsburg
,
Imp.
-
Dillingen
,
-
Fuessen
.
-
In
the
Bishoprick
of
Constance
,
-
Constance
,
Imp.
-
Mersburg
.
-
The
Abbies
and
Cities
of
-
Kempten
,
-
Buchaw
,
-
Lindaw
,
-
The
Principalities
of
-
Furstemberg
,
-
Hohenzolleren
.
-
The
County
of
-
Oeting
.
-
The
small
Counties
of
-
Papenheim
,
-
Koningseck
,
-
Hohenrichberg
,
-
Waldburg
.
-
Imperial
Cities
not
mention'd
above
,
-
Ulm
,
-
Hailbron
,
-
Memminghen
,
-
Nordlingen
,
-
Rotwell
,
-
Ravensburg
,
-
Isne
,
-
Uberlingen
,
-
Bibrac
,
-
Lentkirk
,
with
near
twenty
more
.
-
Subject
to
the
House
of
Austria
,
-
The
Marquisate
of
-
Burgaw
.
-
The
small
Counties
of
-
Rhinfelden
,
-
Nellenburg
.
-
The
Counties
of
-
Offemburg
,
-
Gengenbach
,
-
Altorf
,
-
Lauffenburg
,
-
Guntzburg
,
-
Hohenburg
,
-
Waldshut
,
-
Zeel
.
The
Marquisate
of
BADEN
is
extended
along
the
Eastern
Banks
of
the
Rhine
,
over
against
Alsace
,
beginning
a
little
below
Philipsburg
on
the
North
,
and
passing
on
in
a
narrow
Tract
to
the
height
of
Basil
in
the
South
,
except
where
it
is
disjoined
by
the
intervention
of
Brisgaw
.
It
is
an
exceeding
fertil
and
populous
Province
,
producing
Corn
,
Wine
,
Hemp
,
Fish
,
Fowl
and
Venison
,
in
great
plenty
:
It
is
also
so
remarkable
for
Baths
and
mineral
Waters
,
that
the
chief
Town
and
the
whole
Country
hath
its
name
from
them
.
The
Dominion
is
divided
between
two
Princes
of
the
same
Family
,
who
are
distinguished
by
the
Names
of
the
chief
Town
of
the
two
Marquisates
,
Baden
and
Durlach
,
whereof
Baden
of
Baden
is
a
Roman
Catholick
,
and
Baden
Durlach
a
Lutheran
.
BADEN
,
Bada
,
aut
Thermes
Inferiores
,
stands
over
a
gainst
Haguenaw
,
a
German
League
or
4
English
miles
East
from
the
Rhine
,
50
from
Brisac
to
the
North
,
and
40
from
Heidelberg
to
the
South
,
upon
a
hilly
craggy
Ground
,
so
that
the
Streets
lie
very
uneven
.
It
is
famous
and
exceedingly
resorted
unto
for
its
hot
Baths
,
whereof
there
are
many
spring
in
the
Town
,
and
are
reckon'd
sovereign
Remedies
for
the
Gout
,
Cramp
,
&c.
These
bringing
Nobility
and
Gentry
from
all
parts
of
Germany
,
create
a
great
Trade
to
the
Town
,
which
would
be
otherwise
not
very
considerable
.
The
Marquess
hath
his
Palace
here
;
and
,
for
the
security
of
the
Town
,
there
is
a
good
Fortress
built
on
an
adjacent
Hill
,
DURLACH
,
Durlacum
,
stands
12
miles
North
from
Baden
,
30
South
from
Heidelberg
,
and
a
league
East
from
the
Rhine
.
It
is
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Pfintz
,
at
the
foot
of
a
Mountain
,
on
the
top
whereof
stands
a
strong
Tower
.
The
Streets
are
strait
,
and
the
Buildings
fair
,
and
the
Marquess's
Palace
remarkably
Magnificent
,
far
exceeding
that
of
Baden
,
and
even
capable
of
receiving
a
great
Prince's
Retinue
.
Pfortzheim
,
is
a
small
City
seated
on
the
River
Ens
,
where
it
receives
the
Nagold
,
about
12
miles
East
from
Durlach
,
between
pleasant
Meadows
and
Corn-fields
on
one
side
,
and
Mountains
and
Woods
on
the
other
.
It
was
formerly
subject
to
the
Duke
of
Wurtemburg
,
but
now
belongs
to
the
Marquess
of
Durlach
.
Badenweiller
,
the
chief
City
of
that
part
of
Baden
that
lies
South
of
Brisgaw
,
stands
about
a
League
from
the
Rhine
,
and
in
the
mid-way
between
Brisac
to
the
North
,
and
Basil
to
the
South
,
about
15
miles
from
each
.
It
is
famous
,
and
much
frequented
for
its
hot
Baths
,
which
are
of
great
Virtue
,
but
not
quite
so
valuable
as
those
of
Baden
above-mentioned
.
Offenburg
,
a
small
imperial
City
,
under
the
Protection
of
the
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
,
is
the
Capital
of
the
Country
of
Ortnaw
,
and
seated
on
the
small
River
Kintzig
,
which
falls
into
the
Rhine
near
Strasburg
,
20
miles
South
from
Baden
,
30
North
from
Brisac
,
and
9
or
10
West
from
Strasburg
.
Gengenback
another
small
Imperial
City
,
stands
on
the
same
River
,
5
or
6
miles
above
Offenburg
.
The
Dutchy
of
WURTEMBURG
,
Wurtemburgensis
Ducatus
,
lies
next
to
Baden
to
the
Eastward
,
between
the
Palatinate
on
the
North
,
the
Principality
of
Furstemburg
on
the
South
,
extending
near
70
miles
both
in
length
and
breadth
.
The
Country
is
exceeding
Fertil
,
consisting
of
pleasant
Meadows
,
Mountains
containeing
rich
Mines
,
and
Forests
abounding
with
variety
of
Game
:
A
great
number
of
small
Rivers
water
it
,
which
with
the
Lakes
are
fill'd
with
Fish
.
It
is
very
populous
and
has
no
less
then
63
Cities
,
158
good
Towns
,
and
a
great
number
of
Villages
.
It
was
errected
into
a
Dutchy
by
the
Emperor
Maximilian
in
the
year
1495.
in
favour
of
Eberhard
Count
of
Bentelsbach
,
in
whose
Family
it
hath
continued
,
and
is
now
possessed
by
Eberhard
Lewis
,
a
powerful
and
wealthy
Prince
,
and
of
the
Lutheran
Religion
.
STUTGARD
,
Stutgartia
,
the
Metropolis
of
this
Dutchy
,
and
the
usual
place
of
Residence
of
this
Duke
,
is
seated
near
the
Neckar
,
40
miles
East
from
Baden
,
50
South
from
Heidelberg
,
and
as
many
North
from
the
Danube
.
It
is
a
fair
City
,
and
much
resorted
to
for
its
famous
natural
Baths
,
which
cure
several
Diseases
.
The
Prince's
Palace
is
a
stately
Castle
,
and
adorn'd
with
exceeding
pleasant
Gardens
,
wherein
are
rows
of
Orange-Trees
,
fine
Grotto's
and
curious
Water-works
.
Tubingen
,
Tubinga
,
is
a
fair
and
well-built
City
,
water'd
by
the
Neckar
,
and
adorn'd
with
an
University
,
founded
in
the
year
,
1477.
by
Count
Eberhard
abovemention'd
.
It
stands
about
20
miles
South
from
Stutgard
,
near
30
North
from
the
Danube
,
and
50
East
from
Offenburg
,
and
boasts
of
having
been
the
Seat
of
the
Emperor
Caracalla
,
who
they
say
had
a
stately
Palace
,
and
entertain'd
the
Germans
with
publick
Games
in
this
place
.
Hohendwill
,
a
strong
impregnable
Castle
,
stands
on
the
top
of
an
inaccessible
Hill
,
near
the
Banks
of
the
Rhine
,
and
belongs
to
the
Duke
of
Wurtemburg
.
Retling
,
or
Reutlingen
,
is
an
imperial
City
under
the
protection
of
the
Duke
of
Wurtemburg
,
being
seated
on
the
Confines
of
his
Country
,
12
miles
South-east
from
Tubingen
.
It
stands
in
a
Plain
at
the
foot
of
Mount
Alchamack
,
but
affords
nothing
very
remarkable
.
Eslingen
,
another
small
imperial
City
under
the
Protection
of
this
Prince
,
stands
upon
the
Neckar
,
8
or
9
miles
East
from
Stutgard
.
HAILBRON
,
Hailbruna
Fons
Salutis
,
stands
also
in
the
limits
of
this
Dutchy
,
but
is
a
free
imperial
City
,
having
been
made
so
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
III
.
in
the
year
1240.
It
had
its
Name
from
the
famous
Medicinal
Springs
found
in
it
,
and
is
a
goodly
City
seated
on
the
Neckar
(
over
which
it
hath
a
Stone-Bridge
)
in
a
pleasant
and
fruitful
Country
,
at
the
distance
of
28
miles
from
Stutgard
to
the
North
,
and
26
from
Heidelburg
to
the
South-east
.
The
Country
of
OETING
lyes
next
to
Wurtemburg
to
the
East
,
betwen
the
Marquisate
of
Onspach
on
the
North
,
and
the
Danube
on
the
South
.
The
extent
of
it
is
about
20
miles
.
The
chief
Town
,
call'd
in
Latin
Oeni
pontes
,
is
but
small
and
not
very
considerable
;
it
stands
70
miles
East
from
Stutgard
,
20
South
from
Onspach
,
and
12
North
from
the
Danube
,
Nordlingen
a
small
Imperial
City
,
stands
in
this
County
,
on
the
small
River
Eger
,
10
miles
North
from
the
Danube
,
6
or
7
South-west
from
Oeting
,
and
35
North-east
from
Ulm
.
It
was
made
Free
in
the
year
1251
,
and
for
its
security
is
in
League
with
the
Switzers
.
Two
notable
Battles
were
sought
near
it
between
the
Sweeds
and
Germans
;
the
first
in
1634
,
wherein
the
Sweeds
were
Defeated
,
and
the
latter
in
1645
,
when
they
and
the
French
were
Victors
over
the
Bavarians
.
The
Bishoprick
of
AUGSBURG
lies
on
the
South-side
of
the
Danube
,
extended
in
a
narrow
Tract
(
of
7
or
8
miles
in
breadth
,
a
good
part
of
it
,
and
the
rest
not
above
15
or
20
)
from
the
banks
of
that
River
to
the
County
of
Tyrol
,
above
80
miles
,
and
bounded
on
the
East
by
the
Dutchy
of
Bavaria
.
It
is
a
fruitful
pleasant
Country
,
and
subject
to
its
Bishop
,
who
is
a
Prince
of
the
Empire
.
AUGSBURGH
or
AUSBURGH
,
call'd
in
Latin
,
Augusta
Vindelicorum
,
from
Augustus
Caesar
,
who
conquer'd
these
parts
and
Planted
a
Roman
Colony
here
among
the
Vindelici
,
stands
near
the
Confines
of
Bavaria
,
on
the
Confluence
of
the
two
Rivers
Lech
and
Werdach
,
which
fall
into
the
Danube
25
miles
below
it
;
and
is
distant
8●
miles
from
Stutgard
to
the
East
,
35
from
Munich
to
the
North-west
,
and
65
from
Ratisbon
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
very
ancient
and
very
considerable
City
,
reckon'd
the
Capital
of
Schwaben
,
made
Imperial
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
I.
in
1162
,
and
bought
its
entire
Freedom
of
Conrad
Duke
of
Schwaben
,
in
1266.
It
is
large
and
populous
,
the
Streets
broad
,
the
Market-places
spacious
,
and
the
Houses
tho'
built
but
with
Wood
and
Clay
,
are
fair
and
handsome
;
the
Cathedral
Church
,
the
Town-hall
and
the
Conduits
,
are
stately
and
magnificent
.
Here
are
two
Arsenals
well
furnish'd
with
Arms
and
Ammunition
,
publick
Granaries
full
of
Corn
,
and
Hospitals
well
maintained
.
The
Inhabitants
are
much
enriched
by
Trade
;
and
the
Works
of
the
Gold-smiths
and
other
Artificers
of
this
Place
,
are
Transported
to
many
parts
of
Europe
.
The
Noble
Family
of
the
Fuggers
,
Lords
of
the
adjacent
Country
,
have
fair
Palaces
here
;
a
great
Hospital
built
by
them
is
the
most
remarkable
part
of
this
City
;
it
contains
106
Houses
in
four
Streets
built
cross-ways
,
inhabited
by
poor
People
,
who
have
yearly
Pensions
allow'd
them
.
Augsburg
is
famous
for
the
many
Imperial
Diets
that
have
been
holden
in
it
,
but
especially
for
the
Lutheran
Confession
of
Faith
,
call'd
Augustan
from
its
having
been
first
promulgated
here
,
at
the
Diet
held
by
the
Emperor
Charles
V.
on
that
occasion
,
in
the
year
1530.
Joseph
King
of
Hungary
,
Son
to
his
present
Imperial
Majesty
,
was
here
chosen
and
crown'd
King
of
the
Romans
,
in
January
1689.
The
Marquisate
of
BURGAW
,
subject
to
the
House
of
Austria
,
lies
on
the
West
of
Ausburg
,
and
South
of
the
Danube
,
extended
about
30
miles
in
length
and
breadth
.
The
chief
Town
stands
8
or
9
miles
South
from
the
Danube
,
24
West
from
Augsburg
,
and
12
East
from
Ulm
.
ULM
,
Ulma
,
is
a
very
ancient
,
large
and
imperial
City
standing
on
the
Danube
,
which
here
receives
the
Iler
,
and
begins
to
be
Navigable
,
30
miles
distant
from
Ausburg
to
the
West
,
50
from
Stutgard
to
the
East
,
and
80
from
Wurtzburg
to
the
South
It
was
wall'd
in
the
Year
1300
,
and
made
Imperial
and
Free
by
Lewis
of
Bavaria
in
1346.
Soon
after
the
Citizens
purchased
the
County
of
Helfenstein
,
the
County
of
Albeg
,
and
the
Town
and
Castle
of
Gieslingen
,
so
that
they
are
Lords
of
a
Country
of
20
miles
in
length
and
12
in
breadth
.
The
City
is
govern'd
by
a
Senate
of
41
,
and
is
strongly
fortified
.
It
is
a
rich
and
populous
Place
and
hath
a
good
Trade
,
consisting
chiefly
in
Linnen
Cloth
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
a
very
noble
Building
,
exceeding
any
of
Germany
,
except
that
of
Strasburg
;
it
's
said
the
building
of
it
employ'd
a
great
number
of
Workmen
for
111
Years
;
it
has
five
Spires
of
great
heighth
,
and
within
it
an
Organ
so
very
remarkable
as
to
have
merited
a
Description
of
it
in
Print
by
two
Learned
Men
.
It
was
finish'd
in
the
Year
1599
,
after
35
years
Labour
,
and
is
93
Foot
high
and
28
broad
;
it
has
16
pair
of
Bellows
,
and
the
largest
Pipe
is
13
Inches
diameter
.
Here
are
also
many
other
stately
Edifices
,
among
which
the
Stadt-house
is
chiefly
remarkable
.
The
Reformation
was
receiv'd
here
in
1529
,
and
the
Inhabitants
are
mostly
Lutherans
.
BIBRACH
,
an
ancient
Imperial
City
,
is
seated
in
a
pleasant
and
fruitful
Valley
surrounded
with
fair
Meadows
,
but
some
of
'em
boggy
and
overflow'd
in
Winter
,
20
miles
from
Ulm
to
the
South-west
,
not
above
10
from
the
Danube
,
and
40
from
Constance
to
the
North-east
:
It
was
made
Free
very
long
since
,
even
in
the
Year
800
,
as
't
is
said
.
Here
is
a
natural
Bath
,
to
which
great
numbers
of
the
neighbouring
Gentry
resort
.
BUCHAW
,
is
also
a
small
Imperial
City
,
but
chiefly
remarkable
for
its
Monastery
,
the
Abbot
whereof
is
one
of
the
Sovereign
Princes
of
Schwaben
.
It
stands
about
seven
miles
East
from
Bibrach
,
and
as
many
South
from
the
Danube
.
MEMINGEN
,
a
free
imperial
City
also
,
stands
on
the
River
Iler
,
30
miles
South
from
Ulm
,
and
20
North
from
Kempten
:
It
is
a
large
place
and
of
good
Trade
,
which
consists
chiefly
in
making
and
vending
Paper
.
It
is
also
strong
,
having
the
natural
Fortification
of
a
Marsh
on
one
side
,
and
the
artificial
one
of
a
good
Wall
on
t'other
.
LEUTKIRK
,
a
small
Imperial
City
,
stands
12
miles
South
from
Memingen
upon
the
Road
to
Italy
,
which
makes
it
pretty
much
frequented
.
The
Inhabitants
have
a
good
Trade
for
Linnen
Cloth
,
which
they
make
in
great
quantities
.
RAVENSPURG
,
or
GRAVENSPURG
,
was
anciently
a
fair
Village
,
but
wall'd
and
made
a
City
in
the
Year
1100
,
and
afterwards
made
Imperial
and
endow'd
with
Privileges
.
It
has
a
fair
Town-house
,
and
the
Churches
are
well
built
.
It
stands
upon
a
small
River
that
falls
into
the
Lake
of
Constance
,
15
miles
West
from
Lentkirk
,
and
about
20
South
from
Buchaw
.
KEMPTEN
,
Campodunum
,
Campidona
&
Drusomagus
,
is
one
of
the
ancientest
Cities
in
Germany
,
and
was
sometime
the
Seat
of
the
Dukes
of
Schwaben
,
at
present
famous
for
its
Monastery
founded
by
Hildegard
Daughter
to
the
Duke
of
Schwaben
,
and
Wife
to
Charles
the
Great
;
the
Abbot
whereof
is
a
Prince
of
the
Empire
and
Lord
of
the
adjacent
Territory
,
and
formerly
of
this
City
,
till
the
Inhabitants
purchas'd
their
Liberty
:
The
Emperor
Frederick
III
.
made
it
Imperial
,
and
granted
the
Citizens
many
Privileges
.
The
Trade
of
the
Place
is
Weaving
and
Whitning
Linnen
Cloth
;
it
lies
upon
the
Road
to
Italy
,
by
which
also
the
Inhabitants
make
good
advantage
.
The
Reformation
was
receiv'd
here
in
1530
,
and
in
1633
the
City
taken
and
plunder'd
by
the
Imperialists
.
It
stands
upon
the
River
Iler
16
miles
East
from
Leutkirk
,
45
from
Ulm
,
and
15
from
Memingen
to
the
South
.
Altorf
,
which
stands
two
miles
from
Ravenspurg
,
is
an
ancient
Town
,
at
present
belonging
to
the
House
of
Austria
;
a
Lieutenant
or
High
Commissioner
of
Suevia
resides
here
,
who
in
the
Emperor's
name
keeps
a
Court
of
Judicature
to
hear
and
determine
all
Causes
brought
from
the
Imperial
Cities
in
Schwaben
.
The
famous
Family
of
the
Guelphs
us'd
to
be
buried
here
.
LINDAW
,
at
first
a
Monastery
built
in
810
,
which
was
in
time
encreased
to
a
City
and
subject
to
the
Abbess
,
and
after
to
the
Duke
of
Schawben
,
but
hath
since
obtained
its
Liberty
and
Privileges
from
Rudolf
I.
Frederick
III
.
and
Sigismund
,
and
is
now
an
Imperial
City
.
It
stands
on
the
borders
of
the
County
of
Tyrol
30
miles
East
from
Kempten
,
and
on
the
North
side
of
the
Lake
of
Constance
,
part
of
the
City
being
built
on
an
Island
in
it
,
and
the
other
part
surrounded
with
pleasant
Meadows
and
sweet
Springs
.
Isne
stands
in
the
midway
between
Kempten
and
Lindaw
;
Wangen
10
miles
South
from
Lindaw
,
and
Buchorn
upon
the
Lake
of
Constance
12
miles
West
of
Lindaw
,
are
all
three
Imperial
Cities
.
As
is
also
UBERLINGEN
,
which
stands
also
upon
the
Lake
of
Constance
30
miles
North-west
from
Lindaw
,
50
South-west
from
Ulm
,
and
23
from
Buchaw
,
30
East
from
Furstemburg
,
and
10
North
from
Constance
.
It
is
a
fair
City
built
on
a
high
Rock
,
and
encompass'd
with
Vineyards
and
Orchards
,
and
hath
a
good
Haven
,
whence
are
sent
out
Barges
laden
with
Wine
and
Fruits
,
which
they
carry
to
Constance
,
and
other
Cities
upon
the
Lake
;
by
which
the
Inhabitants
are
enriched
,
being
also
very
industrious
and
frugal
.
Here
is
an
Hospital
richly
endowed
and
several
good
publick
Buildings
;
anciently
the
Dukes
Schwaben
have
resided
here
.
In
the
neighbouring
Vineyards
springs
a
mineral
Water
of
great
Virtue
.
CONSTANCE
,
call'd
in
High-Dutch
COSTNITZ
,
or
COSTANTZ
,
Constantia
,
Constanza
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
Hegow
or
Lower
Schwaben
,
had
its
name
,
as
't
is
said
,
from
Constantius
Chlorus
Father
of
Constantine
the
Great
,
who
had
his
Winter
station
here
.
It
stands
on
the
South-side
of
the
Lake
of
Constance
or
Boden
Zee
,
where
the
River
Rhine
issues
out
of
it
at
the
distance
of
60
miles
from
Ulm
to
the
South-west
,
70
from
Basil
to
the
East
,
and
30
from
Appenzel
to
the
North
.
It
was
taken
by
Attila
the
Hunn
,
and
afterwards
possessed
by
the
Kings
of
France
,
by
whom
the
Bishoprick
of
Windisch
was
removed
hither
in
the
year
594
,
and
the
City
was
enlarged
,
and
so
fortified
before
938
,
that
it
withstood
a
great
Army
of
Hungarian
Savages
that
then
over-run
this
Country
.
It
is
Imperial
,
but
not
perfectly
Free
,
for
Charles
V.
subjected
it
to
the
Austrian
Family
for
refusing
the
Terms
concerning
Religion
tendred
to
them
,
and
the
Emperor
still
maintains
a
Governor
and
Garison
here
,
under
the
Title
of
Protector
.
However
,
the
City
enjoys
many
Privileges
,
and
is
a
populous
and
rich
Place
,
and
hath
a
considerable
Trade
by
means
of
the
Lake
.
It
is
also
well
built
and
strongly
fortified
;
the
Churches
are
very
magnificent
,
particularly
the
Cathedral
of
St.
Stephen
;
also
the
Exchange
,
Town-house
,
Markets
,
Bridges
,
and
other
publick
Buildings
are
very
stately
:
As
is
likewise
the
Bishop's
Palace
that
stands
in
the
Suburb
of
Petershanfen
,
which
was
fortified
in
1635
,
when
the
Swedes
attempted
to
besiege
the
City
.
This
City
was
made
memorable
by
a
general
Council
held
in
it
by
the
procurement
of
the
Emperor
Sigismund
in
the
Year
1414
,
to
remove
a
Schism
in
the
Romish
Church
upon
Three
Popes
pretending
to
the
Infallibility
;
all
which
Three
were
deposed
,
and
a
new
one
(
Martin
V.
)
chosen
by
this
Council
.
They
likewise
condemned
the
Doctrines
of
John
Wickliff
,
John
Huss
and
Jerom
of
Prague
,
causing
the
Bones
of
Wickliff
to
be
digg'd
up
and
burnt
;
and
notwithstanding
a
safe
Conduct
granted
by
the
Emperor
to
John
Huss
he
was
condemned
and
burnt
by
them
,
as
was
also
Jerom
of
Prague
.
This
Council
lasted
four
years
,
held
45
Sessions
,
and
ended
April
12.
1418.
during
all
which
time
there
are
said
to
have
been
in
this
City
,
4
Patriarchs
,
29
Cardinals
,
346
Arch-bishops
and
Bishops
,
564
Abbots
and
Doctors
,
and
10000
secular
Princes
and
Noblemen
.
Also
1600
Barbers
,
320
Musicians
,
and
(
the
Account
is
very
particular
)
450
Harlots
.
The
Bishoprick
of
CONSTANCE
,
lies
along
the
Banks
of
the
Lake
and
the
Borders
of
Swisserland
,
among
the
Allies
whereof
it
is
commonly
reckon'd
.
The
Bishop
is
a
Count
of
the
Empire
,
Lord
of
above
1000
Castles
and
Villages
,
and
is
stiled
Baron
of
Richenaw
;
he
was
also
formerly
Soveraign
of
Constance
.
The
principality
of
FURSTEMBURG
,
Fustembergicus
Principatus
,
is
extended
in
a
narrow
Tract
about
70
miles
in
length
,
on
both
sides
the
Danube
,
which
River
hath
its
Source
within
its
Limits
.
The
chief
Town
of
the
same
name
stands
on
the
South-side
of
the
Danube
30
miles
North-east
from
Constance
,
20
North
from
Schaffhausen
on
the
Rhine
,
and
35
West
from
Brisac
.
It
is
subject
to
its
own
Prince
,
who
is
a
Count
of
the
Empire
,
and
of
an
illustrious
Family
,
which
hath
produc'd
divers
great
Persons
;
particularly
Cardinal
William
Egon
Count
of
Furstemburg
and
Bishop
of
Strasburg
,
whose
pretensions
to
the
Arch-bishoprick
of
Cologn
(
already
mention'd
)
gave
occasion
to
the
breaking
out
of
this
presant
War
.
The
famous
Hercynain
Wood
or
Black
Forest
extended
thus
far
,
wherein
stands
Tone
Eschingen
a
small
Village
,
near
which
the
River
Danube
hath
its
first
Rise
.
ROTWEL
,
a
small
Imperial
City
,
is
seated
on
the
Neckar
but
10
miles
from
the
head
of
that
River
,
and
is
15
miles
distant
from
Furstemburg
to
the
North
,
and
20
from
Tubingen
to
the
South
,
It
is
the
Seat
of
a
Chamber
or
Court
of
Justice
for
the
whole
Dutchy
,
first
erected
in
the
year
1147.
by
Conrad
III
.
Duke
of
Schawben
.
This
City
was
taken
by
the
French
in
1643.
but
restor'd
at
the
Treaty
of
Munster
.
The
principality
or
County
HOHENZOLLEREN
is
a
narrow
Tract
of
Land
lying
East
and
West
about
35
miles
in
length
,
tho'
not
above
5
in
breadth
,
between
the
Dutchy
of
Wurtemburg
and
the
River
Danube
.
The
chief
Town
of
the
same
name
stands
about
20
miles
from
Rotwel
to
the
North-east
,
and
12
from
Tubingen
to
the
South
.
The
County
of
KONINGSECK
lies
on
the
East
of
Furstemburg
.
The
Barony
of
WALDBURG
is
about
30
miles
in
length
,
and
10
or
12
in
breadth
,
and
lies
between
the
County
of
Koningseck
on
the
West
,
the
Lands
of
the
Abbots
of
Buchaw
on
the
North
,
and
Kempten
on
the
West
.
Hohenrechspurg
County
lies
on
the
East-side
of
the
Dutchy
of
Wurtemburg
.
Rheinfelden
,
the
Capital
of
a
small
County
,
stands
on
the
South-side
of
the
Rhine
near
the
Borders
of
Swisserland
,
and
about
10
miles
distant
from
Basil
to
the
East
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
The
Circle
of
BAVARIA
.
THE
Circle
of
Bavaria
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Marquisate
of
Culembach
and
some
part
of
Bohemia
,
on
the
South
by
the
County
of
Tyrol
,
Bishoprick
of
Brixen
and
Dutchy
of
Carinthia
,
on
the
East
by
Bohemia
and
Austria
,
and
on
the
West
by
Schawben
.
Its
extent
from
North
to
South
is
about
200
miles
,
and
from
East
to
West
120.
The
Air
is
healthy
;
the
Soil
produces
Corn
,
Wine
and
Pasture
;
but
the
Country
is
much
taken
up
in
Forests
and
Mountains
;
the
former
whereof
yield
much
Venison
,
and
the
latter
Mines
of
Copper
and
some
Silver
,
also
Quarries
of
a
sort
of
Marble
.
The
River
Danube
runs
through
it
,
dividing
the
Palatinate
from
the
Dutchy
of
Bavaria
;
the
Leck
runs
along
the
West-side
of
the
Dutchy
of
Bavaria
,
dividing
it
from
the
Bishoprick
of
Augsburg
;
and
the
Inn
passes
through
it
,
from
South-west
to
North-east
and
falls
into
the
Danube
:
These
,
together
with
the
Amber
,
the
Iler
,
the
Seltz
,
the
Altmul
,
the
Nab
and
the
Regen
,
are
the
chief
Rivers
of
this
Province
.
Besides
the
Dominions
of
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
there
are
compris'd
in
this
Circle
several
Sovereignties
,
as
the
Archbishoprick
of
Saltzburg
,
the
Bishopricks
of
Ratisbon
,
Passaw
and
Freisingen
,
the
Dutchy
of
Newburg
,
the
Landgraviate
of
Leuchtemburg
,
the
Territory
of
the
City
of
Ratisbon
,
and
several
Imperial
Cities
;
which
are
more
particularly
set
forth
in
this
Table
.
-
The
Dominions
of
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
are
divided
into
-
The
Dutchy
of
Bavaria
,
which
lies
on
the
South-side
of
the
Danube
,
and
hath
these
Towns
of
chiefest
note
,
-
Munich
,
-
Ingolstadt
,
-
Landschut
,
-
Straubingen
,
-
Donawert
,
-
Burkhansen
.
-
Nort-Gow
,
or
the
Palatinate
,
call'd
the
Upper
or
Bavarian
,
to
distinguish
it
from
that
of
the
Rhine
,
in
which
stand
-
Amberg
,
-
Newmarckt
,
-
Chamb
,
-
Sultzbach
,
-
Leuchtenbu●g
,
-
Waltmunchen
.
-
The
Arch-bishoprick
of
Saltzburg
lies
on
the
South
of
Bavaria
,
wherein
are
these
Towns
of
greatest
note
,
-
Saltzburg
,
-
Lauffen
,
-
Windischmatray
.
-
Ditmaning
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Ratisbon
lies
on
the
Banks
of
the
Danube
,
-
Ratisbon
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Passaw
lies
also
on
the
Danube
,
next
the
Borders
of
Austria
.
-
Passaw
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Freisinghen
lies
in
the
Dutchy
of
Bavaria
,
-
Freisinghen
,
-
Werdenfels
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Neuburg
lies
partly
on
the
Banks
of
the
Danube
,
and
part
between
the
Palatinate
and
the
Bishoprick
of
Ratisbon
.
-
Neuburg
,
-
Laugingen
,
-
Hochstat
.
BAVARIA
,
call'd
Bayern
by
the
Germans
,
is
part
of
the
Rhaetia
Vindilicia
&
Noricum
of
the
Ancients
;
and
took
its
name
Boiaria
(
corrupted
into
Bavaria
)
from
the
Boij
a
warlike
People
,
that
came
from
Gallia
Celtica
and
settled
here
about
470
years
after
Christ
,
being
govern'd
by
their
proper
Kings
at
first
,
and
Dukes
afterwards
,
to
the
time
of
Charles
the
Great
,
who
,
conquering
Tassilo
,
made
himself
Master
of
the
Country
and
erected
it
into
a
Kingdom
,
in
which
State
it
lasted
for
about
100
years
,
when
Lodowick
,
their
King
,
dying
without
Issue
,
the
Bavarians
chose
Arnolph
,
a
Descendent
from
Charlemaign
,
to
be
their
Governor
;
who
Contented
himself
with
the
Title
of
Duke
,
as
all
the
Princes
of
it
have
since
done
;
among
whom
,
Maximilian
was
the
first
that
had
the
Electoral
Dignity
,
which
was
conferr'd
on
him
,
together
with
the
Lower
Palatinate
,
by
the
Emperor
Fardinand
II
.
A.
D.
1623.
in
reward
for
the
Service
he
did
him
in
his
War
against
Frederick
V.
Elector
Palatine
,
chosen
King
of
Bohemia
.
The
present
Duke
and
Elector
of
Bavaria
,
Maximilian-Emanuel
,
is
also
Governor
of
the
Spanish
Netherlands
;
he
was
born
in
1662.
succeeded
his
Father
in
1679.
and
in
1685
married
Anna-Maria-Josepha
,
the
Emperor's
Daughter
by
his
first
Wife
Margaret
of
Spain
,
by
whom
he
hath
a
young
Son
now
living
;
which
Son
is
next
the
Issue
of
the
present
King
,
Heir
to
the
Crown
of
Spain
.
The
Country
abounds
with
Forests
,
which
are
fill'd
with
very
large
Deer
,
wild
Boars
,
Bears
and
other
Venison
.
Great
number
of
Swine
are
fed
here
,
which
the
Peasants
make
their
chief
Livelihood
.
The
most
considerable
Cities
and
Towns
are
these
,
MUNICH
,
or
MUNCHEN
according
to
the
pronunciation
of
the
Inhabitants
,
call'd
in
Latin
Monachium
,
is
the
Metropolis
of
Bavaria
and
the
Seat
of
the
Duke
:
It
stands
on
the
River
Iler
,
70
miles
from
Ulm
to
the
East
,
40
from
Ingolstadt
to
the
South
,
60
from
Inspruck
to
the
North
,
and
100
from
Lintz
in
Austria
to
the
West
,
and
is
esteem'd
one
of
the
most
pleasant
,
rich
and
populous
Cities
of
Germany
.
The
Buildings
are
fair
and
uniform
,
and
the
Streets
broad
and
even
.
The
Elector's
Palace
is
a
most
magnificent
Structure
,
the
Apartments
whereof
are
adorn'd
with
exceeding
rich
Furniture
,
the
stately
Galleries
with
curious
Painting
and
Marble
Statues
,
and
the
Duke's
Closet
and
Library
fill'd
with
curious
Rarities
and
choice
Books
;
and
the
spacious
Gardens
are
made
pleasant
by
delightful
Walks
,
Fountains
and
Grotto's
.
The
Jesuits
Church
and
College
is
a
stately
Building
;
it
was
founded
by
William
Duke
of
Bavaria
about
the
year
1600.
and
is
the
usual
burial
Place
of
the
Dukes
.
The
great
Church
Munich
,
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
is
also
a
very
sine
Building
,
and
hath
two
Towers
of
333
foot
high
.
Here
are
also
other
Churches
and
publick
Buildings
worth
a
Stranger's
notice
.
Two
great
Fairs
held
yearly
here
,
contribute
much
to
the
enriching
of
the
Inhabitants
.
This
City
was
built
in
962
and
wall'd
round
in
1156.
Gustavus
Adolphus
took
it
in
1632.
Ingolstadt
,
Ingolstadium
,
Aureapolis
,
stands
on
the
North-side
of
the
Danube
,
over
which
it
hath
a
fair
Bridge
,
40
miles
North
from
Munchen
,
12
miles
East
from
Neuburg
,
and
30
West
from
Ratisbon
.
It
is
a
fair
well-built
Place
,
seated
in
a
pleasant
fruitful
Country
,
and
adorn'd
with
an
University
which
enjoys
great
Priviledges
,
and
had
the
honour
to
educate
the
great
Cardinal
Bellarmine
,
It
was
first
made
a
City
by
the
Emperor
Lewis
IV
.
and
is
fortified
with
a
very
strong
Castle
and
good
Walls
,
by
which
means
it
was
able
to
resist
a
very
notable
Siege
of
the
Protestants
in
1546.
and
another
of
Gustavus
Adolphus
in
1632.
Landshut
is
seated
on
the
River
Iler
,
30
miles
Northeast
from
Munchen
,
and
30
South
from
Ratisbon
:
The
Duke's
Lieutenant
in
the
Lower
Bavaria
commonly
resides
here
.
It
is
a
handsom
well-built
City
,
and
adorn'd
with
a
stately
Palace
of
the
Elector
;
and
a
Church
which
for
the
heighth
of
its
Tower
,
is
thought
to
exceed
any
in
Germany
.
Straubingen
stands
about
25
or
26
miles
North
from
Landshut
on
the
Bank
of
the
Danube
,
over
which
River
it
hath
a
Bridge
.
Amberg
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
Upper
Palatinate
is
seated
on
the
River
Wils
,
30
miles
from
Ratisbon
to
the
North
,
and
40
from
Nuremburg
to
the
East
.
It
enjoys
great
Priviledges
,
given
by
the
Emperor
Robert
,
and
is
a
place
esteem'd
most
considerable
for
Strength
of
any
in
the
higher
Germany
.
The
Inhabitants
have
a
good
Trade
in
Iron
and
other
Metals
,
that
are
dug
out
of
the
neighbouring
Mountains
.
This
City
was
purchas'd
of
the
Duke
of
Schawben
in
1266.
by
the
Elector
Palatine
,
from
whom
it
was
taken
,
together
with
all
this
Palatinate
,
by
the
Emperor
Ferdinand
in
1623.
as
we
have
already
related
.
Newmarckt
is
a
fair
City
,
standing
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Sultz
,
30
miles
North
from
Ingolstadt
,
and
25
South
from
Amberg
.
It
has
been
an
Imperial
City
,
but
was
depriv'd
of
its
Priviledges
,
and
now
subject
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
.
The
Country
about
is
pleasant
and
is
call'd
the
Territory
of
Neumarckt
,
tho'
but
little
of
it
belongs
to
the
City
.
The
Trade
of
the
Place
consists
chiefly
in
Iron
.
Chamb
,
a
small
City
,
seated
on
the
Rivers
Champ
and
Regen
,
20
miles
from
Neumarckt
to
the
East
.
It
was
formerly
a
Marquisate
,
but
now
subject
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
.
Sultzbach
,
is
a
small
City
seated
on
the
top
of
a
Hill
,
5
miles
from
Amberg
to
the
North-west
,
which
with
the
County
of
it
was
formerly
govern'd
by
an
Earl
of
its
own
,
but
has
,
at
several
times
,
been
subject
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
and
Duke
of
Newburg
,
a
Branch
of
which
last
Family
does
still
reside
in
the
stately
Palace
here
.
Leuchtenberg
,
a
Castle
,
seated
about
20
miles
North-east
from
Amberg
,
gives
name
to
a
small
Landgraviate
which
was
formerly
subject
to
its
own
Lord
,
but
now
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
RATISBON
,
call'd
in
Dutch
REGENSBURG
,
Lat
.
Ratisbona
,
olim
Reginum
,
aut
Castra
Regina
,
heretofore
the
Seat
of
the
Kings
,
and
afterwards
of
the
Dukes
of
Bavaria
,
is
seated
on
the
Danube
,
where
it
receives
the
Regen
,
which
running
through
the
Town
,
gives
it
its
Dutch
name
;
it
is
distant
60
miles
from
Munich
to
the
North
,
near
70
from
Passaw
to
the
West
,
as
many
from
Augsburg
to
the
North-east
and
,
25
from
Amberg
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
fair
large
and
populous
City
,
the
Houses
neat
,
and
the
Streets
large
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
a
fine
old
Building
,
as
is
the
Castle
wherein
the
Imperial
Diets
are
commonly
held
:
The
Chamber
in
which
they
assemble
,
is
a
large
stately
Room
hung
with
Tapestry
;
the
Emperor's
Throne
is
cover'd
with
Cloth
of
Gold
,
the
Seats
of
the
Electors
with
Cloth
of
Silver
,
and
the
rest
with
Velvet
,
Sattin
,
Silks
,
&c.
according
to
the
different
Qualities
.
Here
is
a
Stone-bridge
over
the
Danube
,
which
is
a
noble
Building
;
it
is
1091
foot
long
,
32
foot
broad
,
has
15
large
Arches
,
supported
by
Pillars
and
strengthen'd
by
Buttresses
,
and
hath
3
Towers
built
upon
it
;
this
Bridge
was
finish'd
in
the
year
,
1156.
Ratisbon
is
an
Imperial
City
,
and
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
who
is
Lord
of
the
adjacent
Territory
.
It
is
fortified
with
good
Walls
,
Bulwarks
and
Trenches
.
PASSAW
,
Passavia
aut
Patavia
,
olim
Batava
Castra
,
stands
on
both
sides
of
the
Danube
,
where
it
receives
the
Inn
on
one
side
,
and
the
Iltz
on
the
other
at
the
distance
of
65
miles
from
Ratisbon
to
the
East
and
not
above
10
from
the
Borders
of
Austria
.
It
is
a
large
City
,
Imperial
and
Free
,
but
under
the
protection
of
its
Bishop
,
who
is
a
Prince
of
the
Empire
.
The
Rivers
above-mentioned
divide
it
into
three
parts
,
viz.
Passaw
its
self
,
which
stands
on
the
South-side
of
the
Danube
,
and
the
West-side
of
the
Inn
;
Innstadt
,
on
the
other
side
of
the
Inn
;
and
Ilstadt
,
on
the
other
side
the
Danube
,
and
on
the
Banks
of
the
Iltz.
The
private
Buildings
here
are
of
Wood
,
but
the
Churches
are
fair
and
stately
,
especially
the
Cathedral
,
which
is
dedicated
to
S.
Stephen
.
The
Bishop's
Palace
and
the
Castle
on
a
Mountain
near
Ilstadt
,
are
handsom
Buildings
.
This
City
is
very
strong
,
being
fenced
on
all
sides
with
Rocks
and
Rivers
,
and
hath
been
made
famous
by
a
Peace
concluded
in
it
in
1552.
between
the
Emperor
Charles
V.
and
the
Protestant
Princes
,
by
which
the
Lutherans
were
granted
the
free
Exercise
of
their
Religion
.
The
Bishop
is
Lord
of
a
Country
of
about
20
miles
extent
,
lying
on
the
North-side
of
the
Danube
,
between
the
Palatinate
and
Austria
,
in
which
stand
two
strong
Castles
nam'd
,
Obernberg
and
Ebersberg
.
NEUBURG
,
Neoburgum
aut
Novoburgum
,
is
seated
on
the
South-side
of
the
Danube
at
the
distance
of
45
miles
from
Ratisbon
to
the
West
,
and
55
from
Ulm
to
the
East
,
25
from
Augsburg
to
the
North
,
and
40
from
Nuremburg
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
place
of
good
Trade
for
Wines
,
and
well
fortified
;
but
chiefly
remarkable
for
being
the
Capital
of
a
Dutchy
,
erected
about
150
years
ago
,
and
given
to
a
Branch
of
the
Bavarian
Family
,
whose
Descendent
Philip-William
succeeded
in
the
Palatinate
of
the
Rhine
,
A.
D.
1685.
and
hath
been
signally
fortunate
in
an
illustrious
Issue
;
for
of
his
twelve
Children
,
he
has
married
three
Daughters
to
the
present
Emperor
,
King
of
Spain
and
King
of
Portugal
,
and
a
fourth
to
the
Prince
of
Poland
;
his
eldest
Son
,
the
present
Elector
Palatine
,
married
the
Emperor's
Daughter
;
his
second
Son
is
Grand
Master
of
the
Teutonick
Order
,
his
third
Son
married
the
Princess
Radzeville
,
the
Marquess
of
Brandenburg's
Widow
,
his
fourth
Son
is
Dean
of
Augsburg
and
President
of
the
Chapter
of
Constance
,
and
his
fifth
Son
is
Bishop
of
Breslaw
.
A
stately
Palace
,
built
in
this
City
by
Otto-Henry
its
Duke
,
soon
after
the
Erection
of
the
Dutchy
,
is
the
usual
Seat
of
this
Prince
.
The
extent
of
his
Country
is
not
large
;
it
runs
along
the
Banks
of
the
Danube
about
40
miles
,
but
is
very
narrow
.
In
the
extream
West
part
of
is
stands
Laugingen
,
a
strong
regular
fortified
Town
belonging
to
the
Duke
.
It
was
the
Birth
place
of
the
famous
Albertus
Magnus
:
The
great
Church
is
a
fine
Building
,
cover'd
with
Copper
,
and
has
a
Tower
300
foot
high
.
Here
is
also
a
Castle
and
a
Bridge
over
the
Danube
.
Hochstadt
,
which
stands
on
the
Danube
not
many
miles
East
from
Laugingen
,
a
well
fortified
Place
with
a
strong
Castle
,
is
also
under
the
Duke
of
Neuburg
,
but
claim'd
by
the
Bishop
of
Bamberg
.
Donawert
or
Thonawert
,
formerly
an
Imperial
City
,
stands
in
the
confines
of
this
Dutchy
,
on
the
Northern
Banks
of
the
Danube
,
about
15
or
16
miles
West
from
Neuburg
;
it
is
on
the
Road
to
Augsburg
,
and
therefore
pretty
much
frequented
by
Travellers
;
here
is
a
strong
Castle
,
which
is
nam'd
Schellenberg
.
This
City
was
divested
of
its
Liberty
about
the
beginning
of
this
Age
for
adhering
to
the
Reformed
Religion
,
and
is
now
subject
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
.
FREISINGEN
,
Frisinga
olim
Fruxinum
,
is
seated
on
the
declension
of
a
Hill
in
a
fertil
Country
,
near
the
Banks
of
the
River
Iser
about
20
miles
North
from
Munich
,
as
many
from
Landshut
to
the
South-west
,
and
and
40
from
Neuburg
to
the
South-east
.
It
is
a
very
ancient
City
,
and
was
made
an
Episcopal
See
in
the
year
716.
the
Bishop
whereof
is
Lord
of
the
adjacent
Territory
.
This
City
was
taken
and
almost
intirely
destroy'd
by
the
Sweeds
in
1632.
but
restor'd
in
1639.
There
is
another
small
Territory
lying
on
the
Borders
of
Bavaria
and
Tyrol
,
subject
to
this
Bishop
,
call'd
the
County
of
Werdenfels
,
from
its
chief
Town
,
which
stands
near
the
River
Iser
,
45
miles
South
from
Munchen
.
The
Arch-bishoprick
of
SALTZBURG
is
a
Country
of
pretty
large
extent
,
viz.
70
miles
from
East
to
West
,
and
50
from
North
to
South
.
It
is
bounded
on
the
East
with
Styria
and
the
Upper
Austria
,
on
the
West
with
the
County
of
Tyrol
,
on
the
North
with
the
Dutchy
of
Bavaria
,
and
on
the
South
with
the
Dutchy
of
Carinthia
,
and
Bishoprick
of
Brixen
.
The
Country
abounds
with
Salt
,
Mines
of
Copper
and
Iron
,
and
some
of
Silver
,
also
great
Quarries
of
Stone
:
A
Mineral
Water
here
,
call'd
the
Gastein-bath
,
is
famous
for
its
Virtue
in
curing
many
Distempers
.
The
Arch-bishop
is
a
Prince
of
the
Empire
,
by
his
place
Legate
to
the
See
of
Rome
in
Germany
,
and
,
in
the
Diet
,
sits
on
the
first
Bench
next
the
Electors
.
He
is
one
of
the
richest
Prelates
of
Germany
,
and
Lord
of
this
Country
;
which
hath
its
name
from
Saltzburg
,
Salisburgum
,
olim
Invavia
,
seated
on
the
River
Saltza
50
miles
South
from
Passaw
,
70
West
from
Munich
,
and
80
from
Inspruch
to
the
North-east
.
It
is
one
of
the
fairest
Cities
of
Germany
,
and
very
well
fortified
.
The
Cathedral
Church
hath
been
new
built
in
1628.
and
is
esteem'd
one
of
the
most
magnificent
in
Europe
.
The
Arch-bishop's
Palace
is
very
stately
;
it
is
in
a
Castle
nam'd
Mirabel
,
which
stands
on
a
Hill
.
An
University
hath
been
establish'd
here
not
many
years
since
.
In
the
Church
of
St.
Sebastian
,
lies
buried
the
famous
Physician
and
Chymist
,
Theophrastus
Paracelsus
.
The
whole
Town
is
generally
well
built
,
and
the
Inhabitants
have
a
good
Trade
,
which
consists
chiefly
in
the
Salt
produc'd
in
the
neighbouring
Pits
.
The
Archiepiscopal
Dignity
was
remov'd
from
the
See
of
Passaw
,
and
conferr'd
on
this
by
Pope
Leo
III
.
in
798.
and
the
Bishoprick
of
Chiamsee
incorporated
with
it
,
to
enable
the
Bishop
the
better
to
support
the
Dignity
.
This
City
had
the
misfortune
to
be
burnt
down
in
the
year
,
1195
but
it
was
soon
rebuilt
,
and
now
,
as
we
have
said
,
is
in
a
flourishing
State
.
CHAP.
IX
.
The
Circle
of
AUSTRIA
.
THE
Circle
of
Austria
is
seated
between
Bohemia
and
Moravia
on
the
North
,
the
Dominions
of
the
Republick
of
Venice
on
the
South
,
Hungary
on
,
the
East
,
and
Bavaria
on
the
West
,
and
comprehends
the
Estates
of
the
Family
of
Austria
,
viz.
Austria
,
Styria
,
Carinthia
,
Carniola
,
Cilley
,
Goritz
,
and
Tyrol
,
and
the
Bishopricks
of
Trent
and
Brixen
.
The
extent
of
the
whole
is
about
300
miles
from
East
to
West
,
and
200
from
North
to
South
.
The
Soil
is
fertil
,
producing
Corn
,
Wine
,
Pastures
and
Woods
.
The
Danube
passes
through
Austria
,
the
Drave
rises
in
the
Mountains
of
Brixen
and
runs
through
Carinthia
,
the
Save
hath
its
source
in
the
Mountains
in
the
North-west
Borders
of
Carniola
and
passes
through
that
Dutchy
;
the
Muer
rises
in
the
Confines
of
Saltzburg
,
runs
through
Styria
and
falls
into
the
Drave
a
little
above
Canisia
,
besides
which
,
a
great
number
of
smaller
Rivers
water
the
several
Provinces
of
this
Circle
.
AUSTRIA
,
which
is
dignified
with
the
Title
of
an
Arch-dutchy
,
lies
on
both
sides
the
River
Danube
for
the
space
of
about
60
or
70
miles
from
North
to
South
,
and
160
from
East
to
West
.
It
was
the
Pannonia
Superior
of
the
Ancients
;
and
its
present
name
of
Oosterich
or
Eastern
Kingdom
,
in
Latin
Austria
,
was
given
by
the
Franks
,
because
situated
Eastward
from
France
.
It
is
a
very
plentiful
Country
,
affording
a
great
quantity
of
Wine
and
Saffron
,
besides
Corn
and
all
other
Necessaries
for
Life
in
abundance
.
The
Air
is
not
of
the
wholsomest
,
the
Lower
Austria
being
subject
to
Infectious
Vapours
that
cause
Agues
;
to
prevent
which
may
be
the
reason
of
their
much
Drinking
,
which
,
it
seems
,
they
are
notable
for
,
their
Neigbours
calling
'em
Paschaller
,
or
Ranters
,
This
Province
,
after
the
Roman's
time
,
was
part
of
the
Kingdom
of
Boiarij
or
Bavarians
,
afterwards
erected
into
a
separate
Marquisat
by
the
Emperor
Otho
I.
and
the
Austrian
Family
growing
powerful
,
it
was
honoured
with
the
Title
of
Arch-dutchy
.
This
great
Family
is
,
by
the
German
Genealogists
,
pretended
to
be
deriv'd
from
the
ancient
Greeks
or
Roman
Hero's
.
But
the
first
certain
Account
that
is
to
be
found
of
it
,
is
,
That
they
were
Lords
of
Vindonissa
a
City
of
Swisserland
,
afterwards
Counts
of
Altemberg
and
Earls
of
Hapsburg
;
which
Honours
they
had
held
from
Father
to
Son
for
600
years
before
Rudolph
Earl
of
Hapsburg
was
advanc'd
to
the
Imperial
Throne
in
1273.
who
,
being
a
very
brave
Prince
,
raised
his
Family
exceedingly
.
In
his
time
Frederick
,
Duke
of
Austria
dying
with
out
Issue
,
Ottocarius
King
of
Bohomia
seized
upon
it
,
pretending
a
Right
by
his
Wife
,
and
added
to
it
Carniola
and
Carinthia
,
which
he
bought
of
Ulric
the
last
Prince
of
those
Provinces
;
but
the
Emperor
claimed
it
as
a
Fief-male
to
return
to
the
Empire
,
and
by
Force
disposses'd
Ottocarius
and
gave
it
to
his
Son
Albert
,
who
,
by
Marriage
with
Elizabeth
Daughter
of
Meinard
Earl
of
Tyrol
,
obtain'd
that
Earldom
and
several
Estates
in
Schwaben
and
with
the
Alsatians
:
By
all
which
Accessions
he
became
powerful
enough
to
contend
with
the
Emperor
Adolph
,
whom
he
slew
in
Battel
,
and
caused
himself
to
be
chosen
Emperor
;
but
after
he
had
Reigned
10
Years
he
was
slain
.
He
left
behind
him
six
Sons
,
from
whom
descended
Frederick
III
.
chosen
Emperor
in
1440.
Maximilian
,
his
Son
,
succeeded
him
in
the
Empire
,
and
married
Mary
Daughter
of
Charles
the
Warlike
Duke
of
Burgundy
(
the
richest
Heiress
of
Europe
)
and
thereby
acquir'd
all
Belgium
,
or
the
Netherlands
.
Philip
the
Son
of
Maximilian
,
married
Joan
the
Daughter
of
Ferdinand
and
Isabel
,
the
first
Monarchs
of
all
Spain
,
and
in
her
Right
succeeded
in
that
Kingdom
,
and
began
the
Spanish
Branch
of
the
Austrian
Family
.
Charles
succeeded
his
Father
and
Grandfather
in
all
their
Honours
and
Estates
,
so
that
he
was
Emperor
of
Germany
,
and
King
of
Spain
,
Naples
and
Sicily
,
and
Lord
of
Belgium
,
besides
the
Realms
of
Mexico
and
Peru
in
America
,
with
the
Dutchy
of
Milan
,
which
were
added
to
Spain
in
his
time
.
This
mighty
Prince
,
after
he
had
Reigned
42
Years
,
voluntarily
resign'd
all
his
Dominions
;
and
after
he
had
given
his
Son
Philip
his
Kingdoms
of
Spain
,
Naples
,
Sicily
,
Mexico
,
with
Belgium
,
&c.
and
obtained
his
Brother
Ferdinand
to
be
chosen
Emperor
,
himself
retir'd
into
a
Monastery
.
Ferdinand
was
chosen
King
of
Hungary
and
Bohemia
,
which
,
with
the
Empire
,
his
Successors
have
ever
since
enjoy'd
.
By
the
means
of
this
Grandeur
,
the
Family
of
Austria
hath
obtain'd
large
Privileges
:
The
Arch-duke
is
the
first
Councellor
of
the
Empire
;
he
can
create
Barons
and
Counts
all
over
the
Empire
:
The
Princes
of
this
Family
cannot
be
disseized
of
their
Estates
,
even
by
the
Emperor
himself
.
In
case
of
the
failure
of
the
Mail-Line
,
the
eldest
Daughter
may
Inherit
,
and
her
Husband
enjoy
the
Dignity
and
Privileges
of
Arch-duke
,
&c.
The
present
Emperor
LEOPOLD
is
the
Heir
of
the
German
Branch
of
this
Great
Family
,
and
Inheritor
of
all
its
Honours
and
Estates
.
Austria
is
divided
into
the
Upper
and
Lower
,
with
respect
to
the
Course
of
the
River
Danube
,
being
divided
by
the
River
Ens.
-
In
the
Lower
are
these
chief
Towns
,
-
Vienna
,
Capital
.
-
Neustat
.
-
Krems
.
-
Stain
.
-
Baden
.
-
Tuln
.
-
Haynburg
.
-
In
the
Upper
,
stand
-
Lints
.
-
Ens.
-
Everding
.
-
Freistat
.
-
Steyr
.
-
Wels
.
VIENNA
,
olim
Vindomina
&
Vindobona
,
call'd
by
the
Natives
WIEN
,
is
the
Capital
of
Austria
,
and
by
being
the
Seat
of
the
Emperor
,
is
esteem'd
the
Metropolis
of
Germany
;
it
was
originally
a
Fort
of
the
Romans
,
and
not
at
all
considerable
till
Henry
Prince
of
●ledge●stria
rebuilt
it
in
1158.
It
was
enlarg'd
,
beautified
●ledge●
wall'd
round
in
the
Year
1192
,
with
the
Mony
●ledge●
was
paid
by
the
English
Nation
for
the
Ransom
of
●ledge●ard
I.
detain'd
Prisoner
by
the
Marquess
of
Au●ledge●ria
,
in
his
return
from
the
Holy
Land
.
It
is
now
a
●ledge●ry
rich
flourishing
City
,
and
exceeding
populous
;
●ledge●reat
numbers
of
Strangers
,
besides
Natives
of
other
parts
of
Germany
,
being
brought
hither
by
the
Emperor's
Court
.
The
Houses
are
well
built
of
Stone
,
and
very
high
,
commonly
six
Stories
,
and
besides
have
Cellars
sunk
four
Stories
under
one
another
.
The
Emperor's
Palace
is
a
noble
piece
of
Building
,
but
not
very
large
,
it
consists
of
two
Courts
:
Over
the
entrance
are
set
in
Capitals
the
5
Vowels
,
the
Exposition
of
which
causes
many
Conjectures
;
one
that
pleases
best
,
is
,
Austriae
Est
Imperare
Orbi
Universo
.
The
Furniture
is
very
princely
.
But
that
which
most
deserves
a
Traveller's
sight
,
are
,
the
Repository
or
Collection
of
Rarities
of
Nature
and
Art
,
and
the
Library
;
in
the
former
of
which
are
kept
a
vast
number
of
Curiosities
,
the
bare
Catalogue
whereof
takes
up
a
large
Vol.
in
Fol.
Dr.
Brown
has
mention'd
several
of
the
most
considerable
,
to
which
we
must
refer
the
Reader
,
it
being
too
long
to
set
down
here
.
The
Library
consists
of
eight
Chambers
,
which
contain
a
very
valuable
and
numerous
Collection
of
Printed
Books
,
besides
a
great
number
of
Manuscripts
,
and
is
excell'd
by
no
Library
of
Europe
.
This
City
is
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
who
is
Suffragan
to
the
Archb●●hop
o●
Sa●●zburg
.
The
Cathedral
Church
,
dedicated
●o
〈…〉
,
is
a
stately
Fabrick
;
the
Windows
are
of
thick
pain●ed
●l●●s
,
which
makes
the
Church
somewh●●
dark
,
●he
●●●fry
is
●x●raordinary
,
being
adorn'd
with
S●●●●●s
and
fine
Embellishments
;
the
Steeple
r●●es
in
a
Sp●●e
to
the
heighth
of
482
Foot
,
and
on
the
top
was
set
●he
Turkish
Arms
,
a
Star
and
Crescent
,
to
save
it
from
being
destroy'd
at
the
time
that
Solyman
besieg'd
this
City
,
which
continued
there
till
the
Year
16●3
,
when
after
defeating
the
Turks
that
year
,
it
was
taken
down
.
An
University
is
establish'd
here
,
which
is
endow'd
with
many
Privileges
and
a
fair
Revenue
,
and
has
a
great
number
of
Students
:
It
was
founded
,
as
some
say
,
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
II
.
and
enlarg'd
and
compleated
by
Albert
III
.
Duke
of
Austria
,
who
also
obtain'd
its
Privileges
to
be
confirm'd
by
the
Pope
.
The
Jesuits
have
two
Houses
here
,
which
together
with
their
College
and
Church
,
are
fine
Buildings
;
as
are
also
the
Abbey
and
Church
of
S.
Gregory
.
The
Roman
Catholick
Religion
only
is
here
profess'd
,
which
obliges
the
Protestants
to
go
as
far
as
Presburg
to
Church
.
The
Jews
had
formerly
a
Liberty
to
Trade
here
,
but
of
late
they
have
been
wholly
banish'd
.
The
Fortification
of
this
City
consists
of
a
very
strong
Wall
,
wherein
are
12
large
Bastions
,
two
of
which
are
to
the
Water
,
and
the
other
to
the
Land
,
and
deep
Ditches
:
And
indeed
this
Fortification
is
needful
,
for
it
has
been
besieged
no
less
than
four
times
by
the
Turks
,
viz.
in
the
Year
1529
,
by
Solyman
the
Magnificent
,
with
an
Army
of
200000
Men
,
who
were
repuls'd
and
forc'd
to
return
,
after
they
had
given
two
general
Assaults
to
the
Town
;
in
the
Years
1532
and
1543
,
and
again
in
our
days
,
viz.
A.
D.
1683
,
at
which
time
the
City
was
reduc'd
to
great
extremity
,
being
batter'd
by
the
Enemy's
Cannon
from
the
14th
of
July
to
the
beginning
of
September
,
which
they
valiantly
resisted
,
under
their
Couragious
Governor
Count
Staremberg
;
till
John
,
the
present
King
of
Poland
,
came
up
with
his
Army
to
their
Relief
,
which
being
join'd
with
the
Imperialists
,
set
upon
the
Turks
the
10th
of
September
,
and
totally
routed
and
destroy'd
their
Army
,
which
was
said
to
consist
of
100000
Men
,
and
took
their
Cannon
,
Camp
and
Baggage
,
and
so
rescu'd
the
City
,
which
was
reduc'd
to
the
last
extremity
.
The
Suburbs
,
call'd
Leopolstadt
,
is
divided
from
the
Town
by
a
fair
Plain
of
a
good
breadth
,
and
the
River
Danube
;
and
before
the
last
Siege
was
almost
as
considerable
as
the
Town
,
being
fill'd
with
the
Houses
of
Nobility
and
Gentry
very
magnificently
built
;
but
this
was
quite
burnt
down
in
the
Siege
.
The
City
stands
on
the
South-side
of
the
River
Danube
,
which
running
through
low
Grounds
,
is
here
divided
into
several
Streams
and
makes
many
Islands
,
one
of
which
call'd
Peters
,
lies
just
before
the
Gates
,
and
is
large
enough
to
lodge
a
considerable
Army
for
their
defence
;
near
the
Town
a
small
River
call'd
the
Wien
falls
into
the
Danube
,
over
which
last
here
is
a
Bridge
.
It
is
distant
26
German
Leagues
or
104
English
miles
from
Lintz
to
the
East
,
6
Leagues
from
the
Confines
of
Hungary
,
and
10
from
Presburg
to
the
West
,
and
seated
in
the
Lat
.
of
48.
2.
Long
.
(
reckoning
from
Teneriff
according
to
the
ol●
Maps
)
36.
10.
but
according
to
Sanson
,
39.
10.
Lintz
,
Aurelianum
,
Lyncia
or
Lyncium
,
the
next
considerable
City
,
as
being
the
Metropolis
of
the
Upper
Austria
,
is
situate
upon
the
Danube
,
over
which
it
has
a
Bridge
,
100
miles
from
Vienna
to
the
West
,
30
from
Passaw
to
the
East
,
and
50
from
Saltzburg
to
the
North-east
;
it
stands
in
a
very
pleasant
Country
,
and
therefore
much
resorted
to
by
the
Nobility
,
who
have
their
Houses
of
Pleasure
in
its
Suburbs
on
the
other
side
the
Danube
,
and
in
the
Neighbourhood
.
The
Emperor
has
a
Palace
here
,
to
which
he
retir'd
during
the
Siege
of
Vienna
in
1683.
Dr.
Brown
says
,
This
is
not
a
great
,
but
very
neat
City
;
the
whole
Town
is
built
of
Stone
,
the
Market-place
very
large
,
and
not
a
bad
House
in
it
;
the
Castle
stands
upon
a
Hill
,
is
very
large
and
of
modern
Building
.
The
Imperial
Army
rendezvous'd
here
when
the
Turks
came
to
Vienna
in
1532.
Here
was
for
some
time
a
Church
and
University
of
Lutherans
in
so
flourishing
a
condition
,
that
in
20
Years
time
there
were
no
less
than
3000
Counts
,
Barons
and
Noblemen
had
been
edcuated
in
it
;
but
it
was
put
down
by
the
Austrian
Family
when
the
Emperor
Matthias
resided
here
for
almost
a
Year
together
,
A.
D.
1614.
The
Church
and
the
Palace
in
the
City
,
and
the
Monastery
of
the
Capucius
in
the
Suburbs
,
are
the
things
chiefly
worth
a
Travellers
sight
.
There
are
two
Fairs
held
here
yearly
,
which
brings
great
resort
of
People
.
Ens
,
Anasium
,
Ensium
Civitas
,
a
fair
strong
and
well
built
City
,
stands
on
a
River
of
the
same
name
,
which
2
miles
North
of
it
falls
into
the
Danube
,
and
is
distant
15
miles
from
Lintz
to
the
East
;
this
Town
was
built
in
the
place
where
formerly
stood
the
City
Laureacum
,
considerable
in
the
Romans
time
,
having
been
the
Seat
of
some
of
their
Emperors
,
and
since
Christianity
,
was
an
Archbishop's
See
;
but
that
City
was
destroy'd
by
the
Huns
,
A.
D.
903
,
and
this
of
Ens
built
,
which
was
formerly
govern'd
by
its
Count
,
till
the
Emperor
Rodolph
I.
bought
it
,
and
annex'd
it
to
the
States
of
Austria
.
Steyer
,
a
neat
handsom
Town
at
the
Conflux
of
the
two
small
Rivers
,
the
Steyer
and
the
Ens
,
about
10
miles
from
Ens
to
the
South
.
It
is
inhabited
by
Smiths
,
Cutlers
,
and
other
Iron-workers
,
who
,
by
the
Danube
,
furnish
the
neighbouring
parts
with
their
Ware
,
and
much
enrich
themselves
.
Wels
,
a
neat
Town
upon
the
River
Traune
,
4
German
miles
from
Lintz
to
the
South
,
not
considerable
.
Everding
or
Efferding
,
about
12
miles
from
Lintz
to
the
West
,
and
near
the
banks
of
the
Danube
,
is
a
strong
fortified
Town
and
defended
with
two
Castles
,
one
within
the
Walls
of
the
Town
and
another
without
,
which
is
call'd
Schaumburg
,
and
gave
Title
to
a
Count
of
the
Family
of
Julbach
,
to
whom
this
Town
belong'd
;
but
the
Count
of
Starenberg
is
now
Lord
of
it
,
his
Ancestor
having
married
the
Daughter
of
the
last
Count
Schaumburg
,
about
A.
D.
1560.
Freystat
,
on
the
North-side
the
Danube
near
the
borders
of
Bohemia
,
is
a
well
built
Town
,
but
not
very
strong
;
it
stands
25
miles
from
Lintz
to
the
North
.
A
Fair
is
held
here
once
a
Year
which
lasts
14
days
,
and
brings
great
Concourse
of
People
to
it
.
Newstadt
,
the
chief
Town
next
Vienna
of
the
Lower
Austria
,
is
seated
in
a
Bog
in
the
middle
of
a
Plain
,
at
the
distance
of
30
miles
from
Vienna
to
the
South
;
it
is
fortified
with
two
Walls
and
a
Ditch
,
which
makes
it
so
strong
that
it
resisted
the
main
force
of
the
Turks
,
who
were
content
to
retreat
if
the
Town
would
give
them
some
Trophy
to
carry
to
Constantinople
,
who
thereupon
sent
'em
their
Whipping-post
.
Krembs
stands
on
the
North-side
of
the
Danube
near
a
small
River
of
the
same
name
,
about
40
miles
from
Vienna
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
neat
well
built
wall'd
City
,
and
has
a
good
Trade
,
especially
at
two
yearly
Fairs
,
which
last
14
days
.
Stain
is
a
small
City
on
the
North-side
of
the
Danube
also
,
not
above
two
miles
from
Krembs
to
the
West
,
and
has
a
Bridge
over
the
Danube
.
Baden
,
called
so
from
the
natural
Baths
that
rise
here
in
so
many
Springs
as
to
supply
two
Baths
within
the
Town
,
five
without
the
Wall
,
and
two
beyond
a
Rivulet
call'd
Swechet
,
the
Waters
of
which
are
commended
for
curing
many
Distempers
,
and
therefore
much
resorted
to
.
This
Town
stands
in
a
Plain
about
18
miles
from
Vienna
to
the
South
,
and
as
far
from
Newstadt
to
the
West
.
Tuln
is
an
ancient
Town
about
20
miles
Westward
from
Vienna
,
upon
a
small
River
of
the
same
name
,
which
falls
into
the
Danube
about
5
or
6
miles
below
it
.
The
Country
about
it
is
reckon'd
the
fruitfullest
and
healthiest
part
of
Austria
,
but
the
Town
however
not
very
well
furnish'd
with
Provisions
for
Travellers
,
Haynburg
or
Haimburg
,
Hamburgum
Austriae
,
was
anciently
the
Metropolis
of
Austria
and
the
Seat
of
the
Dukes
,
and
one
of
the
greatest
Mart-Towns
in
these
parts
,
but
decay'd
upon
Duke
Leopold's
removing
to
Vienna
about
A.
D.
1200.
It
is
situate
on
the
South-side
of
the
Danube
30
miles
from
Vienna
,
and
near
the
borders
of
Hungary
,
from
whence
it
has
been
frequently
disturb'd
by
the
Rebels
of
that
Country
.
They
have
plenty
of
Wine
and
Corn
,
which
is
now
the
chief
Trade
of
the
Town
.
There
are
still
to
be
seen
some
Remains
of
strong
Walls
and
Fortifications
round
the
Town
.
The
Dukedom
of
STYRIA
,
call'd
in
High-Dutch
Steyrmarck
,
with
the
County
of
CILLEY
,
lies
between
Austria
on
the
North
,
Carinthia
and
Carniola
on
the
South
,
Hungary
and
Sclavonia
on
the
East
,
and
Saltzburg
on
the
West
:
Its
extent
from
East
to
West
is
about
110
miles
,
and
from
North
to
South
in
some
parts
30
,
in
others
80
miles
.
The
Soil
yields
Corn
,
Wine
,
Fruits
,
Mines
of
Iron
and
Salt-Springs
.
Some
part
of
the
Country
is
mountainous
and
barren
,
but
the
Vallies
afford
Pasture
for
great
Herds
of
Kine
.
The
Air
of
the
Lower
Styria
is
somewhat
unwholsom
.
The
Disease
mention'd
by
Travellers
to
be
found
among
the
People
that
dwell
at
the
foot
of
the
Alps
,
viz.
a
strange
swelling
under
the
Chin
,
is
very
frequent
here
,
which
grows
incredibly
large
,
occasion'd
't
is
judg'd
,
by
drinking
the
Snow-water
that
comes
off
the
Mountains
,
which
the
poorer
People
are
fain
to
be
content
with
.
-
Styria
is
divided
,
with
respect
to
the
course
of
the
River
Mur
,
into
the
Upper
,
wherein
are
,
-
Judenburg
.
-
Bruck
or
Pruck
.
-
Lawben
.
-
Seckaw
.
-
Isenartz
.
-
The
Lower
,
whereof
the
chief
Towns
are
,
-
Gracz
,
Capital
.
-
Rakelsburg
.
-
Pettaw
.
-
Marksburg
.
-
The
Earldom
of
Cilley
lies
on
the
Southside
of
the
River
Drave
,
extending
to
the
Banks
of
the
Save
.
-
Cilley
.
-
Rain
GRACZ
,
Graecium
,
the
Capital
of
Styria
,
is
a
near
well-built
City
,
standing
in
a
pleasant
and
fruitful
Country
,
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Mur
,
65
miles
South
from
Vienna
,
25
from
the
Drave
,
and
55
fro●redge●
Cilley
to
the
North
,
and
about
30
from
the
borders
o●redge●
Hungary
to
the
West
.
It
is
defended
by
regular
Fortifications
,
that
render
it
all
most
Impregnable
,
and
hath
a
stately
Castle
standing
on
a
high
Hill
,
which
is
a
Palace
of
the
Arch-Duke
,
and
is
adorn'd
with
fine
Furniture
,
particulary
a
good
Library
,
and
a
Repository
of
Rarities
.
The
Jesuits
College
here
is
well
Endowed
,
and
hath
the
privilege
of
Conferring
Degrees
,
which
makes
it
be
reckon'd
amongst
the
Universities
of
Germany
,
and
well
fill'd
with
Students
.
Judenburg
,
a
handsome
and
well-built
Town
,
Famous
for
two
great
Fairs
for
Cattle
yearly
held
in
it
.
The
Duke
of
Styria
has
a
Palace
here
,
in
which
his
Deputy
sometimes
Resides
:
It
stands
on
the
River
Mur
,
50
miles
from
Gracz
to
the
West
,
in
a
very
pleasant
and
fruitful
Country
.
Lawben
is
also
on
the
Mur
,
25
miles
North-east
from
Judenburg
:
It
is
a
neat
pleasant
City
,
and
the
Capital
of
a
Barony
;
but
was
sold
to
the
Duke
of
Carinthia
,
in
1246
,
and
fell
to
the
House
of
Austria
with
that
Dutchy
.
It
was
Taken
and
Plunder'd
in
1292
,
by
the
Arch-bishop
of
Saltzburg
,
then
at
War
with
the
Duke
of
Austria
.
Bruck
or
Pruck
an
den
Mur
,
is
an
old
Town
,
and
has
nothing
considerable
in
it
,
only
that
the
Emperor
has
sometimes
assembled
here
the
States
of
these
three
Dukedomes
of
Styria
,
Carinthia
and
Carniola
.
It
stands
on
the
Mur
,
25
miles
North-west
from
Gracz
.
Seckaw
,
a
small
Castle
on
the
River
Gayl
,
40
miles
from
Gracz
to
the
West
,
and
60
from
Stain
to
the
South
,
is
an
Episcopal
See
,
Erected
in
1219
,
under
the
Arch-bishop
of
Saltzburg
,
who
has
the
power
of
Electing
and
Investing
,
and
receiving
an
Oath
of
Fealty
of
this
Bishop
;
and
he
has
no
Voice
in
the
Diet
.
Eisenartz
,
famous
for
Mines
and
Forges
of
Iron
,
(
from
whence
it
has
its
Name
)
which
employ
a
vast
number
of
Labouring-men
,
which
therefore
live
here
and
supply
the
Neighbouring
parts
with
this
Metal
,
and
all
Germany
with
Steel
.
They
have
an
annual
Fair
for
Hemp
,
Leather
,
Tallow
,
and
all
Necessaries
.
The
Mines
were
discover'd
in
A.
D.
712
,
and
have
wrought
ever
since
without
any
sensible
Decay
.
This
Town
stands
near
a
little
River
call'd
Saltza
,
that
falls
into
the
Ens
,
is
distant
12
miles
from
Lawben
to
the
North-west
,
and
24
from
Judenburg
to
the
North-east
.
Rakelsburg
,
is
a
strong
Town
seated
on
the
Mur
,
28
miles
from
Gracz
and
10
from
Murck
to
the
East
,
in
a
Country
plentiful
of
all
sorts
of
Fruit
,
especially
Grapes
.
A
Custom-house
is
kept
here
to
receive
Tolls
upon
Merchandize
carried
to
and
from
Hungary
.
This
Town
has
been
a
notable
Bulwark
against
the
Turks
.
Pettaw
stands
upon
the
Banks
of
the
Drave
,
but
10
English
miles
from
the
Borders
of
Sclavonia
,
16
from
Rakelsburg
,
as
many
from
Murck
to
the
South
,
and
30
from
Gracz
,
to
the
South-east
,
altho'
it
be
an
ancient
Roman
Town
,
it
is
not
very
large
nor
considerable
,
only
that
it
is
a
Bishop's
See
,
and
has
been
so
for
1300
years
.
Its
Bishop
is
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Archbishop
of
Saltzburg
.
Marksburg
,
a
well-built
Town
,
on
the
Banks
of
the
Drave
,
20
miles
West
from
Pettaw
,
and
as
many
South
from
Gracz
,
formerly
the
Capital
of
a
Country
,
till
1240
,
the
last
Count
dying
without
Issue
.
It
is
now
part
of
the
Dominions
of
the
Duke
of
Austria
.
Cilley
,
which
gives
name
to
a
Territory
formerly
Govern'd
by
its
own
Earls
,
but
now
subject
to
the
House
of
Austria
,
and
united
to
the
Dutchy
of
Styria
,
is
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Soana
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Save
,
at
the
distance
of
8
miles
from
the
Confines
of
Carniola
to
the
North
,
25
from
the
Drave
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
noble
and
ancient
City
and
has
been
a
place
of
good
consideration
,
as
appears
by
many
Roman
Monuments
daily
found
here
.
It
is
Fortified
with
two
strong
Castles
,
and
was
strong
enough
to
repulse
the
Turks
,
who
Attacked
it
in
1492.
The
Dukedom
of
CARINTHIA
,
call'd
in
High
Dutch
Hertzogthum
Karnten
,
is
seated
between
Styria
and
Saltzburg
on
the
North
,
Carniola
on
the
South
,
Styria
on
the
East
,
and
Tyrol
on
the
West
.
Its
extent
from
East
to
West
is
about
100
miles
,
from
North
to
South
about
30.
It
is
a
Mountainous
Country
,
and
of
a
barren
Soil
,
and
cold
Air
.
The
River
Drave
runs
cross
the
Country
,
receiving
a
great
many
small
Rivers
that
water
several
parts
:
Here
are
also
many
Lakes
that
abound
with
Fish
.
-
Carinthia
is
divided
into
the
Upper
,
wherein
stand
-
St.
Veit
.
-
Villach
.
-
And
the
Lower
,
wherein
are
these
Towns
of
most
remark
,
-
Clagenfurt
.
-
Gurck
.
-
Lavanmund
.
-
S.
Andrews
.
-
Freysac
,
S.
VEIT
,
Fanum
Sancti
Viti
,
the
principal
Town
of
the
Province
of
Carinthia
,
so
call'd
from
a
Saint
of
this
name
,
who
propagated
Christianity
here
during
the
Persecution
of
Dioc●●●n
;
It
is
seated
at
the
Confluence
of
the
Rivers
Wilitz
and
Glac
,
in
a
fruitful
Valley
,
at
the
distance
of
80
mile●
from
Gracz
to
the
West
,
and
50
from
Ens
on
the
Dan●●e
to
the
South
;
it
was
anciently
a
Bishop's
See
,
but
is
●ow
not
at
all
considerable
but
for
its
Age
.
Near
it
are
to
be
seen
the
Ruins
of
the
ancient
City
Saal
,
destroy'd
by
Attila
in
451
,
and
in
a
neighbouring
Field
stands
an
old
Stone-chair
,
in
which
the
Dukes
of
Carinthia
were
wont
to
be
Install'd
.
Freysack
is
a
good
strong
Town
,
seated
in
a
fruitful
Soil
amidst
rows
of
Hills
and
Mountains
,
upon
the
River
Matnitz
,
15
miles
North
from
S.
Viet
,
and
has
a
strong
Castle
built
on
a
Rock
:
This
place
is
by
some
reckon'd
the
eldest
Town
in
this
Dukedom
;
it
is
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Arch-bishop
of
Saltzburg
.
In
the
neighbuoring
Mountains
were
formerly
found
Mines
of
Gold
,
but
they
are
now
exhausted
.
Villach
is
seated
near
the
Drave
,
where
it
receives
the
Geyla
,
25
miles
from
S.
Viet
to
the
South-west
;
here
is
a
large
Bridge
over
the
Drave
,
which
brings
the
Town
a
great
Trade
,
by
the
many
Passengers
that
Travel
over
it
in
the
way
from
Germany
to
Italy
.
Gurk
,
a
City
that
is
a
Bishop's
See
,
instituted
by
an
Arch-bishop
of
Saltzburg
,
A.
D.
1073
,
who
reserved
the
right
of
the
Election
and
Investiture
of
the
Bishop
to
his
Successors
;
but
they
have
lost
part
of
that
Power
,
for
the
Emperor
has
now
a
right
of
chusing
twice
,
and
the
Archbishop
the
third
time
,
and
so
by
turns
,
as
the
See
becomes
vacant
:
But
this
Bishop
has
no
Vote
in
the
Diet
.
This
City
stands
on
a
River
of
the
same
name
,
25
miles
from
Villach
to
the
North-east
,
8
from
Freysack
to
the
South
,
and
as
many
from
S.
Viet
to
the
North
.
Lavanmynd
,
Lavemund
,
or
Lavenmind
,
stands
on
the
River
Lauant
,
where
it
falls
into
the
Drave
,
(
whence
it
has
its
name
)
30
miles
West
from
Clagenfurt
,
and
10
miles
East
from
the
borders
of
Styria
.
It
is
a
small
City
and
an
Episcopal
See
also
,
under
the
Archbishop
of
Saltzburg
,
in
a
pleasant
Valley
call'd
Lavanthal
,
in
which
also
stands
S.
Andrews
,
a
neat
Town
,
and
the
place
of
Residence
of
the
Bishop
.
The
Town
and
neighbouring
Country
belongs
to
the
Archbishop
of
Saltzburg
.
Clagenfurt
,
the
neatest
Town
in
Carinthia
,
built
in
a
square
Figure
,
and
enclos'd
with
a
Wall
;
here
is
a
handsom
Piazza
,
in
the
middle
of
which
stands
a
noble
Fountain
,
over
which
is
a
Dragon
and
an
Hercules
before
it
carv'd
in
Stone
.
This
Town
is
distant
10
miles
from
S.
Veit
to
the
North
,
●20
from
Villach
to
the
West
,
and
about
6
from
the
Save
to
the
South
.
The
Dutchy
of
CARNIOLA
,
in
High-Dutch
,
Hortzogthum
Krayn
;
with
WINDISHMARCH
and
the
County
of
GORITIA
.
This
Province
is
bounded
on
the
North
with
Carinthia
and
Cilley
,
on
the
South
by
a
ridge
of
Mountains
,
that
part
it
from
the
Territories
of
the
State
of
Venice
,
on
the
East
by
Croatia
,
and
on
the
West
by
Carinthia
.
The
length
of
it
from
East
to
West
,
is
about
110
miles
,
and
its
breadth
40
miles
.
It
is
very
Mountainous
,
but
has
pleasant
Valleys
which
yield
store
of
Corn
and
Wine
.
The
River
Save
hath
its
source
in
the
Western
part
,
and
runs
quite
thro'
it
,
besides
which
here
are
other
good
Rivers
.
-
Carniola
,
divided
into
Upper
-
Laubach
.
-
Crainburg
.
-
Bischoffslach
.
-
and
Lower
;
hath
these
considerable
Towns
,
-
Oberlabach
.
-
Zircknitz
.
-
In
the
Windischmarch
,
or
Marquisate
of
Windes
,
which
is
the
South
east
part
of
Carniola
.
-
Metling
.
-
Rudelphsworth
.
-
The
County
of
Goritia
,
on
the
South-west
of
Carniola
.
-
Goritz
.
-
To
these
may
be
added
part
of
Istria
,
wherein
stand
-
S.
Viet
am
Flaum
.
-
And
the
Territory
of
-
Trieste
.
LAUBACH
,
Labacum
,
aut
Labiana
,
the
Capital
of
Carniola
,
stands
on
the
banks
of
a
small
River
of
the
same
name
,
which
falls
into
the
Save
10
miles
below
it
,
and
is
distant
30
miles
from
the
River
Drave
to
the
South
,
50
from
the
Confines
of
Croatia
to
the
West
,
and
35
from
Trieste
upon
the
Gulph
of
Venice
to
the
North
.
It
is
a
well-built
City
and
very
populous
,
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
and
hath
a
large
Castle
for
its
defence
,
but
it
is
commanded
by
a
Hill
,
and
the
Town
is
not
very
strong
;
however
endured
a
Siege
in
1440
,
when
Frederick
III
.
being
Crown'd
at
Aken
,
his
Brother
Albert
and
Count
Ulric
attack'd
this
City
,
but
it
held
out
till
the
Emperor
came
to
its
Relief
.
Crainburg
,
seated
on
the
banks
of
the
Save
,
20
miles
from
Lauback
North-west
,
and
24
from
Clagenfurt
to
the
South-east
,
on
the
top
of
a
Hill
,
and
fortified
with
a
strong
Castle
.
The
Town
has
three
Churches
in
it
,
and
in
the
Suburbs
is
a
Monastery
of
Capuchins
.
It
once
gave
title
to
a
Marquess
.
Lack
,
or
Bishops-Lack
,
is
a
handsom
well-built
fortified
City
,
standing
upon
a
small
River
,
10
miles
South
from
Crainburg
,
and
20
East
from
Laubach
.
It
is
subject
to
the
Bishop
of
Freysing
,
to
whom
the
Emperor
Henry
III
.
gave
it
,
and
the
Governor
of
it
is
his
Lieutenant
.
This
Town
was
plunder'd
and
burnt
in
1451
,
since
when
it
has
been
Re-built
and
better
fortified
.
Zirknitz
,
a
Town
of
no
great
bulk
,
nor
considerable
but
for
the
Lake
near
it
,
to
which
it
gives
name
.
This
Lake
is
very
wonderful
;
it
is
about
4
German
miles
in
length
,
and
2
in
breadth
,
and
from
September
to
June
,
is
full
of
Water
,
but
the
other
six
Months
is
quite
dry
.
In
June
the
Water
descends
thro'
many
large
Holes
in
the
bottom
,
(
at
which
time
the
Country
People
catch
abundance
of
Fish
,
by
laying
Nets
over
the
Holes
)
leaving
the
bottom
quite
dry
,
so
that
the
neighbouring
People
sow
Corn
in
it
,
which
they
have
time
to
reap
,
and
afterwards
to
put
in
their
Cattle
,
and
let
in
the
Deer
and
Hares
from
the
neighbouring
Forests
,
which
they
Hunt
in
this
Lake
,
and
all
before
the
Water
returns
;
for
the
Earth
is
exceeding
Prolifick
:
And
in
September
the
Water
returns
,
spouting
up
with
great
Violence
,
and
to
a
great
height
out
of
these
Holes
,
and
soon
makes
that
a
Sea
,
that
was
before
a
Field
for
Corn
,
Pasture
and
Hunting
;
and
this
happens
constantly
every
Year
,
and
at
this
certain
time
.
Ober-Laubach
,
about
16
miles
West
from
the
Laubach
,
already
described
,
and
on
the
same
River
with
that
,
is
considerable
by
being
a
Mart
for
Italian
Goods
,
which
are
brought
hither
in
great
quantities
,
and
sent
to
all
parts
of
Germany
.
Metling
,
Metulum
,
the
chief
Town
of
the
Windischmark
,
stands
near
the
Frontiers
of
Croatia
,
35
miles
South
from
Cilley
,
25
East
from
the
Lake
of
Zirknitz
,
and
25
North
from
the
Gulph
of
Venice
.
It
is
a
place
of
no
great
Consideration
:
The
chief
Trade
of
the
Inhabitants
lies
in
Swine
,
which
they
fatten
in
two
neighbouring
Woods
of
Chesnut-trees
and
Oaks
.
In
the
Year
1431
this
Town
was
surpriz'd
by
the
Turks
and
the
Inhabitants
massacred
.
And
again
,
in
1578
,
it
was
plunder'd
by
'
em
.
Rudolphworth
or
Newstat
,
stands
upon
the
River
Gurk
12
miles
North-west
from
Metling
:
It
is
a
very
ancient
Town
,
and
honour'd
with
great
Priviledges
,
which
were
given
them
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
IV
.
about
the
Year
1435.
for
having
oppos'd
Albert
of
Austria
and
Ulric
Count
of
Cilly
.
This
Town
is
famous
for
the
best
Wine
in
these
Parts
.
Goritia
,
a
small
County
in
Friuli
,
is
subject
to
the
Emperor
.
The
rest
of
the
Province
being
subject
to
the
Venetians
,
shall
be
describ'd
with
the
rest
of
Italy
.
The
Chief
Town
is
,
Gortz
or
Goritz
seated
upon
the
River
Lizonzo
,
20
miles
from
the
Gulph
of
Venice
and
15
from
Aquileia
to
the
North
,
50
from
Clagenfurt
to
the
South
,
and
as
much
from
Laubach
to
the
West
.
The
Town
is
old
,
and
by
some
thought
to
be
the
old
Roman
Norricia
or
Noreia
.
Dieterich
,
King
of
the
Goths
vanquish'd
Odoacer
,
King
of
the
Heruli
,
near
this
Place
.
The
Sclavonian
Tongue
,
spoken
in
these
Provinces
,
reaches
no
farther
West
than
this
Town
,
and
here
the
common
People
speak
a
corrupt
Italian
.
It
was
take
by
the
Venetians
in
1608.
but
regain'd
by
the
Emperor
the
year
after
;
and
in
1616
they
attempted
to
surprize
it
,
but
were
forced
to
retreat
.
Trieste
,
the
Chief
Town
of
the
small
Province
of
Karstia
,
stands
on
the
Adriatique
Sea
or
Gulph
of
Venice
,
30
miles
from
Aquileia
to
the
East
,
at
the
bottom
of
a
Bay
,
to
which
it
gives
Name
.
It
is
a
small
,
but
strong
and
populous
Place
,
and
a
Bishop's
See
,
under
the
Patriarch
of
Aquileia
;
it
has
a
large
but
unsafe
Harbor
.
The
Emperor
took
this
City
from
the
Venetians
,
A.
D.
1507.
and
has
been
ever
since
in
possession
of
it
.
S.
Viet
am
Flaum
,
tho'
situate
in
Istria
,
which
is
accounted
part
of
Italy
,
yet
being
subject
to
the
House
of
Austria
,
must
be
described
here
.
It
is
a
strong
Town
,
having
a
Castle
,
besides
Walls
and
Ditches
for
its
Defence
,
and
is
seated
on
the
Adriatick
Sea
,
30
miles
South
from
Czernickz
,
and
40
South-west
from
Metling
,
and
at
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Flaum
.
The
Italian
Tongue
is
here
spoken
in
its
Purity
,
and
therefore
the
Austrian
Gentry
send
their
Children
here
to
be
taught
it
.
In
the
Suburbs
stand
a
Monastery
,
famous
for
a
Treaty
of
Peace
concluded
in
it
between
the
Emperor
and
the
Venetians
,
in
the
Year
1618.
The
County
of
TYREL
,
with
the
Bishoprick
of
BRIXEN
.
TYROL
is
one
of
the
largest
Counties
of
the
Empire
,
it
's
extent
being
120
miles
from
East
to
West
,
and
60
from
North
to
South
.
It
is
bounded
by
Schwaben
and
Bavaria
on
the
North
,
the
Grisons
and
Trent
on
the
South
,
Carinthia
on
the
East
,
and
Switzerland
on
the
West
.
The
Country
is
very
mountainous
,
and
the
Soil
barren
in
many
parts
;
however
,
the
Valleys
are
very
fruitful
,
and
afford
good
Pasture
.
Here
are
divers
Springs
of
mineral
and
Salt
Waters
,
and
Mines
of
Silver
,
Iron
and
Copper
.
The
chief
Rivers
are
the
Eiseck
or
Laisock
,
the
Inn
,
which
crosseth
this
Province
from
South
to
North-east
,
and
the
Adige
or
Etsch
,
which
takes
its
rise
here
,
and
passes
through
the
Territories
of
Venice
.
Tyrol
is
said
to
be
the
Rhaetia
inferior
of
the
Romans
,
and
upon
the
decay
of
their
Power
was
seized
by
the
Princes
of
Bavaria
,
and
the
Governors
of
it
were
appointed
by
them
with
the
Titles
of
Marggraves
;
this
Marggrave
was
afterwards
made
hereditary
,
and
a
Count
of
the
Empire
,
by
Frederick
I.
about
the
Year
1350.
The
Bishoprick
of
Trent
was
added
to
it
by
Ludowick
,
Son
to
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
and
Count
of
Tyrol
,
who
took
that
Bishop
Prisoner
.
This
Ludowick
dying
without
Issue
,
his
Widow
settled
this
County
upon
the
Duke
of
Austria
;
in
which
Family
it
has
ever
since
continued
.
It
is
divided
into
-
Tyrol
,
proper
,
wherein
stands
-
Inspruck
,
Capit
.
-
Ombras
,
-
Tyrol
,
-
Hall
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Brixen
.
-
Brixen
.
-
The
Counties
of
-
Meran
,
-
Pludentz
,
-
Bregentz
,
-
Feldkirk
,
-
Montfort
.
INSPRUCH
,
OEnipons
,
is
seated
in
a
pleasant
Valley
,
at
the
Foot
of
the
Mountains
of
Venden
,
and
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Inn
,
which
separates
the
City
from
its
large
Suburbs
.
It
is
60
miles
distance
from
Munchen
to
the
South
,
80
from
Saltzburg
to
the
South-west
,
and
70
from
Trent
to
the
North
.
Though
it
be
not
large
,
it
is
well
built
,
and
adorn'd
with
curious
Fountains
,
spacious
Market-places
,
and
a
magnificent
,
Castle
,
wherein
the
Arch-Dukes
of
Inspruck
used
to
reside
,
and
has
since
been
the
Seat
of
its
Princes
of
the
House
of
Austria
;
it
is
a
noble
Palace
,
furnished
with
a
Cabinet
of
curious
Rarities
in
Art
and
Nature
,
and
adorn'd
with
pleasant
Gardens
.
Inspruck
was
Wall'd
by
Otto
the
Great
Count
of
Meran
,
about
the
year
1234
,
but
is
now
destitute
of
that
Defence
.
But
Ombras
,
about
an
English
mile
distant
from
it
,
is
a
very
strong
Fort
:
This
was
the
Summer
Seat
of
the
Dukes
,
being
exceeding
pleasantly
situated
.
The
Armory
here
is
very
fine
;
amongst
the
Arms
and
Pictures
of
several
Princes
,
the
Statue
of
Francis
I.
on
Horse-back
,
representing
him
as
he
was
taken
Prisoner
at
Pavia
,
is
to
be
seen
in
it
.
And
in
the
Duke's
Closet
of
Rarities
,
there
is
a
Trunk
of
an
Oak
with
a
whole
Deer
enclosed
in
it
.
Hall
,
call'd
Im'thall
for
distinction
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Inn
10
miles
from
Inspruck
to
the
North-west
,
and
is
famous
for
its
Salt-pits
,
which
afford
the
Inhabitants
a
profitable
Trade
.
The
Pits
are
about
4
miles
from
the
Town
,
where
the
Salt
is
dug
up
like
Copper
Oar
,
then
laid
to
soak
in
great
Trenches
fill'd
with
Water
,
and
afterwards
boil'd
up
in
great
Pans
here
in
the
City
,
of
which
they
have
four
made
of
Iron
that
are
each
48
Foot
long
,
34
broad
,
and
3
deep
.
BRIXEN
,
Brixino
,
stands
on
the
bottom
of
Mount
Brenner
,
upon
the
River
Eysach
,
30
miles
South-east
from
Inspruck
,
and
30
from
the
Confines
of
Carinthia
.
It
was
formerly
an
Imperial
City
,
but
it
is
now
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
who
is
a
Count
of
the
Empire
,
and
hath
Jurisdiction
over
it
.
The
City
is
small
and
not
,
very
populous
;
it
lies
upon
the
Road
to
Italy
,
and
is
therefore
the
Station
of
some
Merchants
that
hand
the
Commodities
of
that
Country
and
Germany
to
and
again
.
Here
are
mineral
Waters
of
good
Fame
,
especially
one
call'd
the
Virgin
Well
,
which
is
much
resorted
to
.
The
Diocess
of
this
Bishop
is
about
40
miles
long
,
and
30
broad
.
Meran
,
once
the
Capital
of
this
County
,
and
gave
Title
to
an
Earl
,
is
a
small
City
seated
on
the
River
Ersch
,
40
miles
South
of
Inspruck
.
Near
it
is
Tyrol
,
an
ancient
Castle
,
which
gave
name
to
the
whole
County
.
It
is
seated
in
a
pleasant
Country
,
but
has
nothing
considerable
in
it
.
Pludentz
,
stands
at
the
foot
of
the
Mountains
upon
the
bank
of
the
River
Ill
,
about
75
miles
West
from
Inspruck
.
Bergentz
stands
at
the
East-end
of
the
Lake
of
Constance
,
80
miles
West
from
Inspruck
.
Montfort
stands
about
the
mid-way
between
Bergentz
to
the
North
,
and
Pludentz
to
the
South
.
Felkirk
stands
upon
the
Ill
,
and
near
the
Rhine
,
about
12
miles
West
from
Pludentz
.
The
Bishoprick
of
TRENT
.
This
Country
is
by
some
Geographers
made
part
of
Italy
:
But
the
Bishop
of
it
being
a
Prince
of
the
Empire
,
the
Germans
reckon
it
into
the
Circle
of
Austria
.
It
lyes
among
the
Alps
,
between
the
County
of
Tyrol
on
the
North
,
the
Dominions
of
the
State
of
Venice
on
the
South
and
East
,
and
the
Grisons
on
the
West
.
The
extent
of
it
is
about
70
miles
from
East
to
West
,
and
50
from
North
to
South
.
The
River
Adige
runs
thro'
it
from
North
to
South
,
and
receives
several
smaller
Rivers
that
rise
in
the
Mountains
on
each
side
this
Country
.
The
Soil
here
produces
Wine
,
Oil
,
Fruit
and
Pasture
,
but
not
much
Corn
.
The
Chief
Towns
are
-
Trent
,
-
Pozen
.
TRENT
,
Tridentinum
,
is
seated
upon
the
River
Adige
,
in
a
pleasant
Vally
,
between
three
very
high
and
steep
Mountains
45
miles
South-east
from
Brixen
,
35
North
from
Verona
,
30
from
the
Confines
of
the
Valteline
to
the
West
,
and
70
from
Inspruck
to
the
South
.
It
is
adorn'd
with
many
stately
Palaces
,
and
several
beautiful
Churches
,
whereof
the
Cathedral
dedicated
to
S.
Vigil
,
is
reckon'd
a
fine
piece
of
Architecture
:
Its
Chapter
consists
of
Noblemen
,
who
chuse
the
Bishop
.
Here
are
also
a
great
number
of
Religious
Houses
.
The
Inhabitants
speak
both
the
German
and
Italian
Tongues
very
perfect
,
and
are
observ'd
to
be
exceeding
Civil
to
Strangers
,
whereof
a
great
many
pass
thro'
this
place
in
Travelling
into
Italy
and
Germany
.
It
was
formerly
an
Imperial
City
,
but
is
now
subject
to
its
Bishop
,
on
whom
the
Emperor
Conrad
II
.
bestowed
the
Sovereignty
of
this
Territory
,
which
had
before
been
subject
to
its
own
Lord
,
under
the
Protection
of
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
.
This
Donation
was
ratified
by
the
Emperors
Frederick
I.
and
II
.
and
the
Count
of
Tyrol
made
Protector
of
it
.
The
Bishop
is
Suffragan
to
the
Patriarch
of
Aquileia
,
and
as
we
have
said
,
a
Prince
of
the
Empire
.
The
Council
held
here
in
the
last
Age
,
hath
made
this
City
famous
:
It
began
in
the
Year
1545
,
but
was
not
ended
till
1563
,
during
most
of
which
time
there
are
said
to
have
been
in
this
City
7
Cardinals
,
3
Patriarchs
,
33
Archbishops
,
235
Bishops
,
7
Vicars
General
,
and
146
Divines
,
besides
many
Ambassadors
,
who
with
their
Attendants
,
were
provided
with
Lodging
,
Victuals
,
and
all
Necessaries
.
This
Council
was
Assembled
by
Pope
Paul
III
.
at
the
instance
of
many
of
the
Princes
of
Europe
,
for
the
Reformation
of
the
Discipline
of
the
Church
,
but
by
the
contrivance
of
the
Pope
and
Cardinals
,
so
many
Italian
Bishops
were
brought
to
it
,
that
they
over-rul'd
the
Endeavors
of
the
rest
,
and
permitted
nothing
to
be
Decreed
but
what
the
Pope
directed
,
which
was
so
notorious
,
that
it
was
a
common
Jest
,
That
the
Holy-Ghost
was
sent
from
Rome
to
Trent
in
a
Cloak-bag
.
And
so
little
was
done
of
what
was
expected
during
all
this
long
Session
,
that
not
only
the
Protestants
,
but
the
Whole
German
and
French
Nations
refused
to
receive
its
Decrees
.
This
Council
began
on
the
4th
of
January
,
1545
,
and
continu'd
all
the
Reign
of
that
Pope
,
who
dying
in
1549
,
it
was
resum'd
by
Pope
Julius
III
.
in
1551.
He
dy'd
in
1555
,
and
a
War
broke
out
in
Germany
,
which
interrupted
it
till
Pius
IV
.
re-assembled
it
on
the
18th
of
January
,
1562
;
from
which
time
it
continu'd
till
the
3d
of
December
,
1563
,
when
it
finally
broke
up
,
after
having
with
the
utmost
Partiality
establish'd
the
Pope's
Authority
,
and
ratified
the
Doctrines
of
Purgatory
,
Invocation
of
Saints
,
Indulgences
,
&c.
Pozen
,
call'd
by
the
Italians
Bolzano
,
is
seated
on
the
Adige
,
25
miles
North
from
Trent
,
and
near
the
Confines
of
Tyrol
.
It
is
pleasantly
situated
,
and
is
a
place
of
good
Trade
,
especially
at
its
four
yearly
Fairs
,
that
hold
15
days
each
,
to
which
great
numbers
of
Merchants
come
from
several
parts
of
Germany
and
Italy
;
for
whose
sake
great
Privileges
have
been
granted
to
the
City
.
Tho'
it
be
seated
in
the
Diocess
,
this
place
is
not
subject
to
the
Bishop
of
Trent
,
having
been
taken
from
him
by
the
Earl
of
Tyrol
,
in
1295.
CHAP.
X.
The
Kingdom
of
BOHEMIA
,
with
the
Dukedom
of
SILESIA
and
Marquisate
of
MORAVIA
.
UNder
the
name
of
Bohemia
in
general
are
comprehended
Bohemia
,
Moravia
,
and
Silesia
,
which
altogether
lye
in
form
of
a
Lozenge
,
between
Brandenburgh
and
Lusatia
on
the
North
,
the
Palatinate
of
Bavaria
,
with
part
of
Saxony
on
the
West
,
and
Poland
on
the
East
,
and
extends
69
German
Leagues
,
or
276
English
miles
from
North
to
South
,
and
65
Leagues
,
or
260
miles
from
East
to
West
.
Although
this
Kingdom
be
compriz'd
within
the
compass
of
Germany
,
and
the
King
is
an
Elector
of
the
Empire
,
it
hath
several
peculiar
Constitutions
and
Customs
,
and
a
Language
different
from
the
Germans
.
The
Kingdom
is
Elective
;
but
the
House
of
Austria
,
by
claiming
it
as
Hereditary
,
occasion'd
bloody
Wars
in
the
beginning
of
this
Age
,
between
the
Emperor
Ferdinand
II
.
and
Frederick
Count
Palatine
,
who
being
Elected
,
had
accepted
of
this
Crown
.
But
this
Prince
being
overcome
by
the
Emperor
in
the
famous
Battle
of
Prague
,
A.
D.
1620
,
the
Kingdom
hath
been
ever
since
entirely
subject
to
that
Family
.
The
Reformation
of
Religion
was
begun
very
early
here
by
John
Husse
and
Jerom
of
Prague
,
and
their
Converts
were
numerous
long
before
Calvin
and
Luther
appear'd
,
whose
Doctrins
also
being
brought
hither
,
prevail'd
much
,
and
the
number
of
Protestants
were
very
great
;
before
by
Persecutions
and
Wars
,
they
were
harrass'd
and
subjected
to
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
which
Religion
at
present
is
only
predominant
in
this
Kingdom
.
The
ancient
History
of
this
Country
is
very
obscure
;
the
best
account
that
remains
is
,
that
the
People
of
the
more
Northern
part
came
hither
for
a
warmer
Climate
,
and
at
first
liv'd
in
a
sociable
Community
,
distributing
all
things
in
common
,
but
differences
arising
,
they
were
forc'd
to
Elect
a
Governor
,
who
had
at
first
the
Title
of
a
Judge
only
,
afterwards
honour'd
with
that
of
Duke
,
and
at
length
King
.
The
Succession
of
these
Princes
,
as
well
as
can
be
made
from
the
imperfect
Chronicles
of
this
Nation
is
as
follows
.
A
Chronological
TABLE
,
shewing
the
Succession
of
the
Dukes
and
Kings
of
Bohemia
.
XVIII
Dukes
.
Crocus
the
first
Law-giver
of
Bohemia
.
Began
to
reign
.
|
A.
C.
|
reigned
years
.
|
1
LIbyssa
Daughter
of
Crocus
,
Married
Primislaus
,
or
Primishe
,
he
founded
Prague
.
|
652
|
44
|
2
Neramislaus
.
|
676
|
39
|
3
Mnatha
.
|
715
|
15
|
4
Mogenius
,
or
Doricius
.
|
735
|
28
|
5
Weneslas
,
or
Wenceslaus
.
|
763
|
22
|
6
Crcezonislaus
.
|
785
|
19
|
7
Neclan
.
|
804
|
35
|
8
Nastritius
,
or
Hortivilius
.
|
823
|
17
|
9
Bozivozius
,
the
first
Christian
Prince
of
the
Bohemians
.
|
8●6
|
48
|
10
Shirignaeus
,
or
Epitisvenus
.
|
904
|
2
|
11
Vladislaus
,
|
906
|
10
|
12
S.
Wenceslaus
II
.
Martyr
.
|
916
|
16
|
13
Bolislaus
I.
the
Cruel
.
|
932
|
35
|
14
Bolislaus
II
.
|
967
|
32
|
15
Bolislaus
III
.
the
Ruddy
and
the
Blind
.
|
999
|
13
|
16
Jacomir
,
Regent
.
|
1012
|
25
|
17
Brezetislaus
I.
the
Bohemian
Achilles
.
|
1037
|
18
|
18
Spigna
,
or
Sbitignaeus
.
|
1055
|
6
|
XXXIX
Kings
.
Began
to
reign
|
A.
D.
|
reigned
years
.
|
19
Vlatislaus
,
or
Ladislaus
I.
|
1061
|
31
|
20
Conrad
I.
|
1092
|
1
|
21
Brezetislaus
II
.
|
1092
|
7
|
22
Borzivogius
,
or
Borivorius
II
.
|
1100
|
9
|
23
Suatopluok
.
|
1109
|
2
|
24
Ladislaus
II
.
|
1111
|
16
|
25
Soleslaus
,
or
Sobeislaus
I.
|
1125
|
15
|
26
Ladrislaus
III
.
|
1140
|
35
|
27
Sobeslaus
,
or
Sobierlaus
II
.
|
1174
|
4
|
28
Frederick
Bedzicher
.
|
1178
|
12
|
29
Conrad
II
.
|
1190
|
2
|
30
Wenceslaus
III
.
|
1192
|
1
|
31
Berzbeslaus
Henricus
.
|
1193
|
3
|
32
Laudislaus
IV
.
|
1196
|
5
Mon.
|
33
Primislaus
,
or
Ottocarus
I.
|
1199
|
22
|
34
Wenceslaus
IV
.
the
one
Ey'd
.
|
1231
|
24
|
35
Ottocarus
II
.
|
1253
|
25
|
36
Wenceslaus
V.
|
1278
|
27
|
37
Wenceslaus
VI
.
|
1305
|
1
|
38
Rodolphus
I.
|
1306
|
1
|
39
Henry
,
Deposed
|
1307
|
3
|
40
John
of
Luxemburg
,
|
1310
|
36
|
41
Charles
.
|
1346
|
32
|
42
Wenceslaus
VII
.
the
Idle
.
|
1348
|
40
|
43
Sigismund
.
|
1418
|
19
|
44
Albert
.
|
1437
|
3
|
45
Ladislaus
V.
|
1440
|
18
|
46
George
Paderbrach
.
|
1458
|
13
|
47
Ladislaus
VI
.
|
1471
|
45
|
48
Lewes
.
|
1516
|
10
|
49
Ferdinand
I.
|
1526
|
36
|
50
Maximilian
.
|
1562
|
12
|
51
Rodolphus
II
.
|
1571
|
53
|
52
Matthias
.
|
1608
|
11
|
53
Ferdinand
II
.
|
1617
|
20
|
54
Frederick
Elector
Palatine
.
|
1619
|
|
55
Ferdinand
III
.
|
1637
|
about
9
|
56
Ferdinand
IV
.
|
1646
|
about
10
|
57
Leopoldus
Ignatius
,
now
Reigning
.
|
|
|
BOHEMIA
proper
,
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
Moravia
and
Silesia
,
on
the
West
by
Misnia
and
Bavaria
,
on
the
North
by
Lusatia
,
and
on
the
South
by
Austria
;
it
is
almost
entirely
encompass'd
with
Mountains
,
out
of
one
of
which
springs
the
River
Elbe
.
In
these
Mountains
there
are
Mines
of
Silver
,
Copper
and
Lead
,
and
in
them
are
found
certain
precious
Stones
,
which
the
Jews
send
into
foreign
parts
.
The
River
Muldaw
rises
in
the
Mountains
on
the
South-side
,
as
the
Elbe
does
in
those
on
the
North
,
both
which
join
a
little
below
Prague
,
and
make
a
good
Navigable
Stream
.
Many
other
small
Rivers
water
this
Country
.
The
Soil
is
good
,
affording
Corn
,
Pasture
and
Saffron
,
and
some
Wine
;
as
also
abundance
of
Hops
,
whereof
they
make
Beer
that
is
much
esteem'd
.
The
People
are
generally
Strong
and
Couragious
,
reckon'd
strict
observers
of
their
Word
,
but
much
addicted
to
Robbing
.
MORAVIA
,
call'd
Morawa
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
Mahern
by
the
Germans
,
lies
between
Silesia
on
the
North
and
East
,
Austria
on
the
South
,
and
Bohemia
on
the
West
.
The
North
and
West
parts
are
woody
and
mountainous
,
but
the
rest
is
fair
,
champain
and
good
Soil
,
yielding
much
Corn
,
and
on
the
South
part
Wine
.
Out
of
the
Earth
is
dug
a
sort
of
Myrrh
and
Frankincense
in
great
pieces
.
The
Pastures
are
fill'd
with
Oxen
,
Horses
,
Sheep
and
Goats
,
and
the
Woods
with
Hares
,
Foxes
,
Wolves
and
Bevers
.
Here
are
many
Pits
of
standing
Waters
of
a
poysonous
and
pestilential
Quality
,
which
hurt
the
Vines
and
Fruits
,
and
make
the
People
subject
to
epidemical
Diseases
:
But
there
are
other
Waters
which
make
amends
,
having
the
virtue
of
curing
many
Distempers
.
Moravia
was
anciently
the
Seat
of
a
Kingdom
,
including
also
Bohemia
and
Silesia
,
which
being
conquer'd
by
the
Romans
,
was
parcell'd
out
into
four
Dukedoms
;
this
of
Moravia
was
afterwards
reduc'd
to
a
Marquisate
,
which
Title
it
still
bears
,
but
is
mostly
subject
to
Bohemia
.
The
River
Morawa
,
which
rises
in
the
Mountains
on
the
North
part
,
passes
thro'
the
middle
and
gives
name
to
this
Province
.
SILESIA
,
or
SLISKO
,
lies
between
Bohemia
on
the
South-west
,
and
Poland
on
the
North-east
:
Its
utmost
length
from
North-west
to
South-east
,
is
about
225
miles
,
and
its
breadth
65
miles
.
On
the
side
next
Bohemia
are
many
Mountains
,
but
the
rest
of
the
Country
is
good
Soil
,
and
produces
Corn
,
some
Wine
,
Madder
and
Flax
.
Here
are
Mines
of
Silver
,
Copper
,
Lead
and
Iron
,
and
plenty
of
Saltpetre
.
The
River
Oder
takes
its
rise
in
the
Southern
bounds
of
this
Province
,
and
traverseth
it
from
South
to
North-west
.
The
Vistulae
,
which
is
the
chief
River
of
Poland
,
springs
in
the
South-east
Confines
of
Silesia
:
Many
smaller
Rivers
rise
he●e
and
fall
into
the
Oder
,
encreasing
it
to
a
large
Navigable
Stream
before
it
passes
into
Brandenburg
.
The
Meadows
have
Cattle
,
the
Forests
Venison
,
and
the
Rivers
Fish
in
good
plenty
.
Silesia
was
part
of
the
Kingdom
of
Poland
for
many
Ages
,
but
revolted
under
the
Reign
of
Vladislaus
Lothicus
,
and
is
now
part
of
the
Kingdom
of
Bohemia
:
but
several
Princes
have
sovereign
Dominion
over
small
parts
of
it
.
The
chief
Cities
and
Towns
of
this
Kingdom
are
these
,
viz.
In
Bohemia
.
-
Prague
,
Capital
.
-
Aegra
.
-
Koningratz
.
-
Glatz
.
-
Pilsen
.
-
Czaslaw
.
-
Tabor
.
-
Elnbogen
.
-
Budweis
.
-
Letomeritz
.
-
Piseck
.
-
Bern
.
-
Slany
.
-
Satz
.
-
Tetscen
.
-
Tabor
.
Silesia
divided
into
two
parts
,
viz.
-
In
the
Lower
,
-
Breslaw
,
Capital
.
-
Crossen
,
Dutchy
.
-
Glogaw
.
-
Sagan
.
-
Lignitz
.
-
Wolaw
.
-
Oelse
.
-
Jawer
.
-
Schweidnitz
.
-
In
the
Upper
,
-
Oppelen
.
-
Grotskaw
.
-
Jagensdorf
.
-
Troppaw
.
-
Ratibor
.
-
In
Moravia
are
,
-
Brinn
.
-
Olmutz
.
-
Iglaw
.
-
Znaim
.
-
Hradisse
.
-
Cremsir
.
PRAGUE
,
Praga
,
olim
Marobundum
,
Rubienum
and
Cusurgis
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Muldaw
,
in
a
very
fruitful
Country
,
and
is
encompass'd
with
stately
Courts
and
pleasant
Places
,
appearing
as
it
were
in
the
midst
of
an
Amphitheatre
;
it
may
be
divided
into
three
parts
,
viz.
The
Alt
Stadt
,
or
Old
Town
,
the
Nieue
Stadt
,
or
New
Town
,
which
is
the
chief
,
and
wherein
the
Royal
Palace
stands
,
and
the
Kleine
Seiten
,
or
lesser
Town
on
the
other
side
of
the
Moldaw
:
All
these
together
form
one
of
the
largest
Cities
in
Germany
,
wherein
Dukes
,
Princes
and
Emperors
have
for
a
long
time
kept
their
Court
.
In
the
lesser
Town
stands
the
Cathedral
Church
,
dedicated
to
S.
Vair
,
wherein
are
magnificent
Tombs
and
a
strong
Castle
.
A
stately
Stone-bridge
of
24
Arches
over
the
Moldaw
,
joins
this
to
the
other
Town
.
The
Town-house
,
the
College
and
Church
of
the
Jesuits
,
and
the
University
,
are
stately
Buildings
,
which
together
with
several
other
beautiful
Edifices
,
make
this
so
fine
a
place
,
that
Aen
.
Sylvius
compares
it
to
Florence
;
but
our
ingenious
Country-man
Dr.
Brown
says
,
this
City
is
larger
and
more
populous
than
that
;
that
the
River
Maldaw
is
much
better
than
the
Arno
at
Florence
,
but
that
the
Dukes
Palace
and
the
Cathedral
at
F●orence
,
exceeds
any
thing
in
Prague
.
It
is
the
See
of
an
Archbishop
,
and
the
Seat
of
a
flourishing
University
,
Founded
by
the
Emperor
Charles
VI
.
in
the
year
1358.
The
Bohemians
brag
much
of
the
great
number
of
Students
that
have
been
in
this
University
,
and
say
,
that
in
the
year
1409
,
J.
Huss
alone
had
above
20000
Scholars
.
This
City
was
often
taken
during
the
German
Wars
;
and
near
its
Walls
was
fought
that
famous
Battle
between
the
Bohemian
and
German
Protestants
,
under
Frederick
Prince
Palatine
,
chosen
King
of
Bohemia
,
and
the
Forces
of
the
Emperor
Ferdinand
,
on
the
8th
day
of
November
,
1620
,
wherein
the
Emperor
obtain'd
the
Victory
,
and
forced
the
unfortunate
Prince
to
quit
his
Royalty
.
Prague
stands
in
the
Latitude
of
50
deg
.
and
in
the
Longitude
of
34
deg
.
15
min.
and
at
the
distance
of
100
miles
from
the
Danube
to
the
North
,
145
mile
from
Vienna
to
the
North-west
,
50
from
the
Confines
of
Saxony
to
the
East
,
180
from
the
borders
of
Poland
to
the
West
,
and
about
40
from
the
bounds
of
Lusatia
to
the
South
.
Egra
,
call'd
by
the
Bohemians
Chebbe
,
is
a
great
City
at
the
borders
of
Bohemia
,
towards
the
Palatinate
,
80
miles
distant
from
Prague
to
the
East
;
it
stands
upon
the
River
Eger
,
and
is
Fortified
with
a
double
Wall
&c.
Koningratz
,
or
Kralouishrades
,
Gradium
Reginae
,
Reginae
Gradecium
,
is
a
good
City
seated
upon
the
River
Elbe
,
at
50
miles
distance
from
Prague
to
the
East
,
and
35
from
Glatz
to
the
West
:
It
is
now
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
who
is
a
Suffragan
to
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Prague
,
being
lately
made
so
by
Pope
Alex
.
VII
.
in
the
year
1664.
Glatz
is
a
small
City
,
built
at
the
Foot
of
one
of
the
Hills
that
part
Bohemia
from
Silesia
,
and
water'd
by
a
small
River
call'd
the
Miza
.
It
is
the
Capital
of
a
very
rich
and
fruitful
Country
of
the
same
Name
(
in
which
are
nine
great
Towns
and
100
Villages
)
is
very
well
fortified
,
and
has
a
strong
Castle
which
stands
on
the
Top
of
a
Hill
:
It
is
distant
85
miles
from
Prague
to
the
East
,
and
55
from
Olmutz
to
the
North
.
Elnbogen
is
a
very
strong
Town
upon
the
River
Eger
,
16
miles
from
Egra
to
the
West
,
and
near
the
Borders
of
Misnia
;
it
is
call'd
the
Bohemian
Key
to
the
German
Empire
.
Pilsen
is
a
large
strong
and
well
fortified
City
,
standing
upon
the
Confluence
of
the
River
Meis
and
Caburz
,
40
miles
from
Prague
to
the
South-west
,
and
50
from
Egra
to
the
South-east
,
was
besieged
in
vain
by
the
Hussites
,
but
was
taken
by
Count
Mansfeld
,
and
was
afterwards
the
last
Town
of
Bohemia
that
yielded
to
the
Imperialists
.
The
Market-place
is
spacious
,
and
is
seated
at
the
meeting
of
4
or
5
Streets
of
very
good
Building
.
They
have
two
very
fine
Churches
.
Czaslaw
,
a
small
City
,
but
the
Head
of
a
considerable
Prefecture
,
40
miles
distant
from
Prague
to
the
East
,
and
25
from
Koning-gratz
to
the
South
.
This
was
the
Burial-place
of
John
Zisca
,
the
famous
General
of
the
Hussites
,
who
,
to
revenge
the
Death
of
John
Huss
and
Jerome
of
Prague
,
got
an
Army
together
of
40000
Men
,
with
which
he
obtain'd
many
Victories
over
the
Papists
.
At
his
Death
he
order'd
,
That
a
Drum
should
be
made
of
his
Skin
;
saying
,
The
Enemy
would
fly
at
the
Sound
of
it
:
Which
was
done
accordingly
,
and
had
a
strange
effect
upon
the
Enemy
,
who
,
being
raw
Soldiers
,
fancied
themselves
bewitched
by
this
Drum
,
and
shamefully
run
away
without
fighting
.
He
flourish'd
about
the
year
1420.
And
built
Tabor
,
which
the
Hussites
fortified
,
and
made
the
seat
of
their
War
;
from
whence
,
for
20
years
together
,
they
ravaged
the
Imperial
Countries
;
and
thereupon
were
call'd
Taborites
.
It
stands
upon
the
River
Lausnicz
,
45
miles
from
Prague
to
the
South
,
35
from
Czaslaw
.
BRIN
,
call'd
BRINO
by
the
Bohemians
,
Lat
.
Brinum
aut
Bruna
,
is
situated
at
the
Confluence
of
the
Rivers
Schwarta
and
Zwitta
,
at
the
distance
of
50
miles
from
Vienna
to
the
North
,
and
120
from
Prague
to
the
South-east
.
It
is
by
some
reckon'd
the
Capital
of
the
Marquisate
of
Moravia
,
and
is
defended
by
strong
Fortifications
;
by
the
help
whereof
it
sustain'd
a
vigorous
Siege
of
the
Sweedish
Forces
,
in
1645.
Olmutz
,
Olomutium
,
is
not
very
large
,
but
a
neat
and
well-built
City
,
and
has
a
good
Trade
with
the
Merchants
of
Bohemia
,
Poland
,
Hungary
,
&c.
for
which
it
is
conveniently
seated
upon
the
River
Morawa
,
which
falls
into
the
Danube
,
80
miles
below
it
.
It
is
the
Metropolis
of
this
Marquisate
,
and
the
only
Bishop's
See
in
it
,
of
which
S.
Cyril
was
the
first
Bishop
,
about
the
year
880.
This
Bishop
was
formerly
a
Suffragan
to
Mentz
,
but
in
the
year
1346.
was
alter'd
,
and
made
subject
to
the
Arch-bishop
of
Prague
:
It
is
distant
30
miles
from
Brinn
to
the
North-east
.
Iglaw
,
otherwise
Giblawa
,
is
a
pretty
large
well-built
and
strongly
fortified
Town
,
on
the
Border
of
Bohemiae
on
the
Road
from
thence
to
Hungary
,
and
therefore
much
frequented
by
Travellers
:
It
is
water'd
by
a
River
of
the
same
Name
,
which
springs
in
Bohemia
,
about
20
miles
from
hence
,
and
is
distant
50
from
Brinn
to
the
West
,
and
about
60
from
Prague
to
the
South-east
.
The
chief
Trade
of
the
Town
is
in
Beer
and
course
Woollen
Cloath
.
The
chiefest
Building
in
it
is
the
Jesuits
Colledge
,
and
Gymnasium
,
which
with
two
Monasteries
of
Dominicans
and
Franciscans
are
worth
seeing
.
In
the
Hussites
Wars
this
place
was
obstinate
no
the
Popish
Side
,
but
very
early
receiv'd
the
Augsburg
Confession
.
In
the
year
1645.
it
was
surrendred
to
the
Sweeds
,
who
defended
it
for
a
whole
year
against
all
the
Emperor's
Forces
.
Znaim
or
Znoymo
,
Znogma
,
stands
upon
the
River
Taya
,
not
above
5
miles
from
the
Borders
of
Austria
,
and
20
miles
South
from
Brinn
,
in
a
pleasant
Soil
and
wholsom
Air
,
and
is
well
fortified
by
a
strong
Castle
,
but
with
the
inconvenience
of
being
overlook'd
by
a
Mountain
,
within
Cannon-shot
.
This
City
is
also
on
the
Road
to
Vienna
,
which
brings
a
good
Trade
to
it
.
It
was
burnt
in
the
year
1145.
by
Vladislaus
King
of
Bohemia
but
rebuilt
by
Primislaus
Ottacar
,
about
1222.
Hradisse
or
Hradisch
,
a
City
situate
upon
the
River
Morawa
,
30
miles
from
Olmutz
to
the
South
,
and
as
far
from
Brinn
to
the
East
.
Cremsir
or
Kremsier
,
and
by
the
Bohemians
Kromeritz
,
on
the
River
Morowa
,
in
the
middle
between
Olmutz
and
Hradisse
,
is
now
become
a
very
fair
City
,
though
not
many
Ages
ago
a
poor
Village
;
which
was
occasioned
by
a
fine
Palace
,
that
Bruno
Bishop
of
Olmutz
built
here
;
which
drew
so
many
People
together
that
in
a
little
time
he
wall'd
it
,
and
made
it
a
City
.
BRESLAW
,
Uratislavia
,
the
Metropolis
of
Silesia
,
and
of
a
particular
Dutchy
,
to
which
it
gives
Name
;
is
seated
upon
the
River
Oder
,
at
the
distance
of
120
miles
almost
North-east
from
Prague
,
110
North
from
Brinn
,
and
35
miles
West
from
the
Confines
of
Poland
.
It
is
a
very
large
,
well-fortified
,
and
fair
City
,
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
established
in
1033.
and
the
Seat
of
an
University
.
It
is
a
Free
City
,
being
govern'd
by
a
Council
of
15
Senators
,
whereof
11
are
Noblemen
,
and
the
other
4
chosen
out
of
the
Corporations
of
Drapers
,
Mercers
,
Brewers
and
Butchers
.
The
Citizens
are
rich
,
and
have
a
good
Trade
.
In
the
most
North-east
part
of
Silesia
is
the
Dukedom
of
Crossen
,
which
was
anciently
part
of
the
great
Duke
of
Silesia's
Dominions
,
but
was
several
times
pawn'd
to
the
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
,
and
redeemed
;
but
in
the
year
1391.
it
was
deliver'd
to
John
III
.
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
with
the
Consent
of
Vladislaus
,
King
of
Hungary
and
Bohemia
;
which
was
confirm'd
,
and
the
sole
and
entire
Possession
of
it
granted
to
Joachim
and
John
,
Marquesses
of
Brandenburg
,
by
the
Emperor
Ferdinand
I.
King
of
Bohemia
,
and
is
still
enjoyed
by
that
Elector
.
Crossen
,
the
chief
City
of
it
,
is
seated
upon
the
River
Oder
,
in
a
Pleasant
Plain
,
and
good
Air
,
and
is
distatn
about
40
miles
from
the
Frontiers
of
Brandenburg
to
the
South
,
and
as
far
from
Glogaw
to
the
North-west
.
It
is
a
neat
old
City
;
the
Dukes
Palace
,
the
Town-house
,
and
some
Citizens
Houses
are
built
with
Stone
.
The
neighbouring
Hills
are
covered
with
Fruit-Trees
of
many
sorts
,
and
the
Country
yields
some
Wine
,
but
not
very
good
.
Glogaw
,
call'd
the
Great
,
to
distinguish
it
from
a
small
Town
of
the
same
Name
,
is
also
the
Capital
of
a
Dukedom
,
some
time
govern'd
by
its
own
Lords
,
but
now
subject
to
the
Emperor
,
as
King
of
Bohemia
.
It
was
made
a
City
by
Conrade
its
Duke
,
in
the
year
1260
,
at
which
time
the
Wall
and
Cathedral
Church
were
built
:
It
was
taken
by
the
Swedes
in
1647
,
but
being
restored
,
is
now
regularly
fortified
,
and
has
a
strong
Castle
.
It
stands
on
the
River
Oder
,
near
the
Frontiers
of
Poland
,
40
miles
from
Crossen
to
the
South-east
,
55
from
Breslaw
to
the
North-west
.
Sagan
,
Zeigan
,
the
chief
City
of
another
Dukedom
,
of
a
small
extent
,
is
seated
upon
the
River
Bobor
,
near
the
Frontiers
of
Lusatia
,
25
miles
South
from
Crossen
,
and
as
many
West
from
Glogaw
,
it
was
once
one
of
the
most
populous
and
largest
Cities
of
Silesia
,
but
is
now
much
decay'd
;
having
been
often
taken
by
the
Sweeds
,
and
retaken
by
the
Imperialists
in
the
German
Civil
Wars
.
Lignitz
,
the
chief
City
of
a
Dukedom
also
,
is
a
fair
City
,
on
the
banks
of
the
little
River
Katsbach
,
25
miles
from
Glogaw
to
the
South
,
and
36
from
Breslaw
to
the
West
.
About
the
year
1170
,
this
Town
was
much
enlarg'd
and
fortified
,
which
was
afterwards
so
improv'd
in
the
year
1532
,
by
Frederick
its
then
Duke
,
that
it
became
one
of
the
best
Fortifications
,
next
Breslaw
,
in
Silesia
.
The
Castle
is
a
very
strong
and
noble
Building
,
and
the
Hospital
and
Town-house
are
worth
a
Stranger's
seeing
.
The
Country
of
this
Dukedom
yields
much
Corn
.
In
the
year
1675
,
the
last
Duke
dying
without
Heirs
,
it
fell
to
the
Emperor
.
Wolaw
,
a
small
inconsiderable
City
,
on
the
North
side
of
the
Oder
,
16
miles
distant
from
Lignitz
,
formerly
part
of
the
Dukedom
of
Lignitz
,
but
now
gives
Title
to
a
Duke
of
its
own
.
Oelse
is
a
neat
uniform
well-built
City
,
formerly
well
strengthen'd
with
Walls
,
Gates
,
Turrets
and
other
Fortifications
,
but
in
the
year
1648
,
they
were
demolish'd
by
the
Swedish
General
,
and
not
since
rebuilt
;
here
is
a
fair
Church
,
College
,
Town-hall
,
and
Market-place
,
which
is
exactly
square
.
This
City
had
also
a
Duke
of
its
own
,
till
in
the
year
1492
it
was
given
to
the
Duke
of
Munsterberg
,
who
is
still
Lord
of
it
,
and
some
other
small
Cities
its
dependences
.
Oelse
is
situated
about
15
miles
from
Breslaw
to
the
North-east
.
Jauer
and
Schweidnitz
,
are
two
small
Dukedoms
,
(
both
now
in
the
Emperor
)
extended
on
the
South-side
of
the
Oder
between
Lignitz
on
the
North
,
Breslaw
on
the
East
,
and
Munsterberg
on
the
South
.
The
City
Jawer
stands
in
a
pleasant
Valley
,
and
is
fortified
with
high
Ramparts
,
deep
Ditches
and
a
Castle
,
in
which
resides
the
Lieutenant
of
these
two
Dukedoms
.
Schweidnitz
stands
South-east
from
Jawer
,
and
South-west
from
Breslaw
,
about
20
miles
distant
from
the
former
,
and
30
from
the
latter
.
It
is
fortified
with
Walls
and
Ramparts
,
and
beautified
with
many
fair
Buildings
,
so
that
it
may
be
esteemed
one
of
the
finest
Cities
in
Silesia
.
In
the
Armory
here
,
is
a
Gun
of
an
extraordinary
size
,
being
able
to
carry
a
Bullet
of
320
pound
weight
.
Besides
these
two
Cities
,
there
are
22
Towns
in
these
two
Dukedoms
.
Munsterberg
,
the
Capital
of
another
Dukedom
,
is
a
small
City
seated
in
a
fruitful
Plain
,
30
miles
South
from
Breslaw
.
It
has
an
old
Castle
,
which
,
with
the
Town-hall
,
is
all
worth
noting
in
this
Town
.
Five
other
Towns
are
in
this
Dukedom
.
Oppelen
stands
on
the
Northern
banks
of
the
River
Oder
,
over
which
it
has
a
Bridge
,
40
miles
above
Breslaw
.
It
has
very
thick
Walls
and
strong
Gates
for
its
defence
.
Ever
since
1647
it
has
been
subject
to
the
King
of
Poland
,
and
all
the
People
here
and
in
the
neighbouring
Villages
speak
the
Polish
Language
.
This
is
a
Dukedom
also
,
and
has
13
Towns
its
dependences
.
Grotkaw
,
a
small
City
that
stands
between
Munsterberg
and
Oppelen
,
is
the
Capital
of
another
Dukedom
subject
to
the
King
of
Bohemia
;
wherein
stands
also
Neissa
a
City
of
good
Trade
,
seated
on
a
River
of
the
same
name
,
and
11
other
Towns
.
Jagensdorf
,
call'd
by
the
Moravians
,
Carnowf
,
stands
upon
the
River
Oppa
,
35
miles
from
Oppelen
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
small
City
and
not
considerable
,
except
that
it
is
the
Capital
of
a
Dukedom
,
which
with
the
City
,
was
by
Lewis
King
of
Hungary
and
Bohemia
,
given
to
George
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
,
who
built
a
Castle
and
erected
some
other
Fortifications
about
it
.
Troppaw
,
a
small
City
upon
the
River
Oppa
,
15
miles
from
Ratibor
,
has
nothing
very
remarkable
in
it
,
nor
in
its
Dukedom
,
which
has
8
other
Towns
in
it
.
Ratibor
is
a
pretty
good
City
,
having
in
it
a
Cathedral
and
the
Duke's
Palace
;
the
Houses
are
of
Wood
,
as
they
are
generally
all
over
Silesia
,
but
handsome
enough
,
and
the
publick
Buildings
are
of
Stone
:
It
stands
in
a
pleasant
Plain
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Oder
,
35
miles
above
Oppelen
.
The
Dukedom
of
Ratibor
,
containing
5
other
Towns
,
fell
to
the
King
of
Bohemia
in
the
year
1516
,
at
the
death
of
Duke
Valentinus
its
last
Prince
.
CHAP.
XI
.
The
Marquisate
and
Electorate
of
BRANDENBURG
,
with
MAGDEBURG
and
HALBERSTADT
;
and
the
Dukedom
of
POMERANIA
.
THIS
Country
,
included
within
the
Circle
of
the
Upper
Saxony
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Pomerania
and
the
Dutchy
of
Mecklenburg
,
on
the
South
by
Silesia
and
the
Upper
Saxony
,
on
the
East
by
Poland
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Lower
Saxony
.
It
is
extended
from
North
to
South
for
the
space
of
about
100
miles
in
its
greatest
breadth
,
and
50
elsewhere
;
as
also
about
200
from
East
to
West
.
Its
principal
Rivers
are
the
Elb
,
the
Havel
,
the
Spere
,
and
the
Wart
.
The
Northern
situation
of
its
Country
makes
the
Air
cold
,
and
the
Winters
continue
very
long
,
nevertheless
the
Soil
brings
forth
every
thing
necessary
for
Sustenance
.
Here
are
very
good
Pastures
,
wherein
great
Herds
of
Cattle
are
fed
,
and
large
Forests
abounding
with
Venison
.
The
first
Inhabitants
of
this
Country
were
the
Varini
and
Naitones
,
part
of
the
great
Nation
of
the
Suevians
,
after
whom
some
Tribes
of
the
Sclaves
possessed
it
.
About
the
year
920
,
the
Emperor
Henry
conquer'd
these
rude
People
and
planted
Christianity
among
them
,
and
bestow'd
the
Country
upon
Sigifrede
Earl
of
Ringelheim
,
with
the
Title
of
Margrave
,
or
Lord
of
the
Marches
,
obliging
him
to
defend
it
against
the
Sclaves
;
which
Honour
was
at
first
conferr'd
on
whom
the
Emperor
pleas'd
,
and
was
not
Hereditary
till
the
time
of
Albert
of
Anhalt
,
Successor
to
Henry
the
Lyon
;
to
whom
the
Emperor
Frederick
Barbarossa
gave
it
,
and
entail'd
it
upon
his
Issue
:
But
this
Family
failing
in
the
year
1323
,
several
Families
succeeded
in
it
,
till
Anno
1417
,
the
Emperor
Sigismund
conferr'd
it
upon
Frederick
Burggraf
of
Noremberg
,
in
whose
Family
it
still
remains
.
The
Elector
of
Brandenburg
is
Lord
of
larger
Territories
than
any
other
Prince
of
Germany
,
except
the
Arch-Duke
of
Austria
;
for
besides
this
Marquisate
,
he
possesseth
many
Estates
elsewhere
,
viz.
In
the
Lower
Saxony
,
the
Principalities
of
Magdeburg
and
Halberstadt
,
with
part
of
Pomerania
.
In
Westphalia
the
Principality
of
Minden
,
the
Dutchy
of
Cleeves
,
and
the
Counties
of
Mark
and
Ravenspurg
;
as
also
the
Lordship
of
Crossen
in
Silesia
,
and
part
of
Prussia
in
Poland
.
The
Lutheran
Religion
is
predominant
,
the
Princes
,
Bishops
,
and
most
of
the
People
being
of
th●●●●ersuasion
;
and
the
rest
Calvinists
,
here
being
few
or
no
Roman
Catholicks
.
Brandenburg
is
divided
into
three
Parts
,
call'd
Marcks
:
The
chief
Towns
whereof
are
these
,
viz.
-
In
the
Middle
Marckt
,
which
lies
West
of
the
River
Oder
,
extending
to
the
Harel
and
Elb.
-
Berlin
.
-
Coln
.
-
Brandenburg
.
-
Francfurt
upon
the
Oder
.
-
Spandaw
.
-
Orananenburg
.
-
Rotenaw
.
-
Lebus
.
-
The
Lordship
of
Pregnitz
,
wherein
are
,
-
Havelburg
,
Bish
.
-
Newstat
.
-
Wistock
.
-
Dalmin
.
-
The
Lordship
of
Rupin
,
-
Rupin
,
-
Premslow
.
-
The
New
Marckt
lies
to
the
North-east
on
the
Banks
of
the
Oder
and
Wart
,
stretching
Northward
into
Pomerania
,
and
hath
these
Towns
of
chiefest
note
,
-
Landsperg
.
-
Kustrim
.
-
Soldin
.
-
Driessen
.
-
The
Lordship
of
Stern
,
-
Sernberg
,
-
Sonneberg
.
-
The
Old
Marckt
,
lies
on
the
Westside
of
the
Elb
,
between
that
River
and
Lunenbug
.
-
Stendel
.
-
Gardeleben
.
-
Soltwedel
.
-
Werben
.
-
Tangermund
.
-
Sechausen
.
-
Osterburg
.
To
which
may
be
added
,
being
subject
to
this
Elector
,
-
The
Dutchy
of
Magdeburg
,
-
Magdeburg
.
-
Borch
.
-
And
,
The
Principality
of
Halberstadt
,
-
Halberstadt
.
-
Oosterwike
.
-
Gruningen
.
Of
these
Towns
,
those
that
deserve
a
particular
description
,
are
these
that
follow
.
BERLIN
,
Berolinum
,
is
pleasantly
situated
on
the
River
Spere
in
a
very
fruitful
Country
,
being
environ'd
on
one
side
with
Vineyards
,
on
another
with
Marches
,
and
on
a
third
with
Woods
full
of
all
sorts
of
Game
.
It
is
esteem'd
the
capital
City
of
the
whole
Marquisate
of
Brandenburg
,
and
is
the
usual
place
of
Residence
of
the
Elector
.
The
River
divides
it
into
2
parts
,
the
larger
whereof
towards
the
North
,
retains
the
name
of
Berlin
,
and
the
other
to
the
South
,
is
call'd
Coln
,
in
which
stands
the
Elector's
Palace
;
the
Stateliness
whereof
,
the
Grandeur
of
the
Courts
,
together
with
the
Largeness
of
the
Streets
,
and
the
regular
Architecture
of
the
Houses
,
render
this
a
very
noble
and
magnificent
City
.
It
is
distant
68
miles
from
Magdeburg
to
the
North-east
,
45
from
Francfurt
on
the
Oder
to
the
West
,
and
48
from
Wittemberg
to
the
North
.
It
was
first
built
by
Albertus
Ursus
Prince
of
Anhalt
,
A.
D.
1142.
BRANDENBURG
or
BRANDEBURG
,
Brandeburgum
,
was
so
called
,
as
it
were
The
Town
of
Fire
,
or
took
its
name
(
according
to
the
opinion
of
others
,
)
from
its
Founder
Brennus
General
of
the
Gauls
.
It
is
seated
in
the
midst
of
a
moorish
Ground
,
and
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Hamel
,
which
divides
it
into
two
parts
,
viz.
the
Old
or
Upper
Town
,
and
the
New
,
being
distant
only
26
miles
from
Berlin
to
the
West
,
as
many
from
Havelberg
to
the
South
,
and
45
from
Magdeburg
to
the
North-east
,
is
a
very
ancient
City
,
and
hath
given
its
name
to
the
whole
Country
,
as
also
a
Title
to
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
.
It
was
also
erected
into
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Magdeburg
,
by
the
Emperor
Otho
,
sir-nam'd
the
Great
,
A.
C.
946.
Its
Bishops
have
adher'd
to
the
Augsburg
Confession
of
Faith
ever
since
the
year
1563.
In
the
great
Church
are
many
Monuments
of
Princes
,
and
in
the
Market-place
a
Statua
Rolandina
,
of
which
an
account
is
given
in
the
Description
of
Bremen
.
Francfurt
upon
the
River
Oder
,
and
for
distinction
sake
usually
so
express'd
,
is
seated
in
a
fruitful
Country
,
at
the
distance
of
44
miles
from
Berlin
to
the
East
,
70
from
Stetin
to
the
South
,
and
not
above
10
from
the
borders
of
Lusatia
.
It
is
divided
into
two
parts
by
the
River
,
over
which
they
have
a
large
Bridge
of
Wood
.
It
is
a
place
of
reasonable
good
Trade
,
and
hath
two
Fairs
yearly
held
in
it
.
The
Marquesses
of
Brandenburg
have
,
at
several
times
,
granted
the
Citizens
great
Privileges
.
The
City
was
once
free
and
imperial
,
as
also
one
of
the
Hanse-Towns
,
but
now
exempt
and
less
considerable
than
it
hath
been
.
In
the
year
1506
,
Joachim
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
founded
an
University
here
,
which
is
now
considerable
.
Havelberg
is
seated
on
the
River
Havel
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Elb
,
20
miles
from
Stendal
to
the
North
,
and
50
from
Berlin
to
the
West
.
It
is
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
who
was
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Magdeburg
,
but
since
the
year
1555
,
the
Bishops
have
been
of
the
Lutheran
Persuasion
.
Stendal
,
a
Hanse-Town
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
Alt-Marckt
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Ucht
,
in
a
pleasant
Plain
,
and
on
the
side
of
a
large
Forest
;
it
is
a
neat
well-built
City
,
and
strongly
fortified
.
The
Inhabitants
have
a
pretty
good
Trade
in
Corn
and
Linnen
Cloth
.
It
lies
upon
the
Road
from
Magdeburg
to
Hamburg
and
Lubec
,
by
which
the
Inhabitants
make
good
profit
.
The
Courts
of
Civil
Judicature
for
the
Old
Marckt
,
are
held
here
.
It
is
distant
32
miles
from
Brandenburg
to
the
West
,
and
30
from
Magdeburg
to
the
North
.
Soltwedel
,
a
large
Town
,
35
miles
from
Stendal
to
the
North-west
,
50
from
Zell
to
the
East
,
and
on
the
Road
between
Stendal
and
Lunenburg
.
It
is
seated
on
the
River
Jetze
,
and
divided
into
the
old
and
new
Town
:
Its
chief
Trade
is
in
Beer
.
This
was
formerly
the
Capital
of
a
Marquisate
subject
to
its
own
Lord
,
but
was
long
since
united
to
that
of
Brandenburg
.
Tangermunde
or
Angermund
,
seated
on
the
Elb
at
the
mouth
of
the
Anger
or
Tanger
,
8
miles
from
Stendal
to
the
South
.
It
was
at
first
a
Castle
built
by
the
Emperor
Charles
IV
.
in
the
year
1376
,
but
is
now
a
place
of
pretty
good
Trade
in
Corn
and
other
Commodities
convey'd
by
the
Elb
to
other
places
.
Landsperg
stands
upon
the
River
Warta
,
20
miles
East
from
the
Oder
,
and
35
North-east
from
Francfurt
;
Its
convenient
situation
makes
it
a
place
of
good
Trade
,
which
consists
much
in
casting
Iron
Ordnance
,
&c.
This
City
was
often
taken
and
re-taken
in
the
German
Wars
.
Kustrim
on
the
River
Oder
,
near
the
mouth
of
the
Warta
,
50
miles
from
Berlin
to
the
East
,
formerly
an
inconsiderable
Village
,
now
a
very
strong
Town
,
and
esteem'd
the
Key
of
the
New
Marckt
,
having
been
walled
with
Stone
,
and
otherwise
strongly
fortified
in
the
last
Age
by
John
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
,
and
in
1631
,
was
strong
enough
to
baffle
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
who
was
forced
to
raise
his
Siege
,
and
withdraw
his
Army
from
before
it
.
The
Houses
are
neatly
and
well-built
,
and
the
Market-place
is
the
handsomest
in
all
the
Marquisate
.
MAGDEBURG
,
a
Territory
of
about
60
miles
in
length
from
East
to
West
,
and
in
some
part
30
,
other
6
miles
from
North
to
South
,
situate
between
Brunswick
to
the
West
,
Saxony
to
the
East
,
Brandenburg
to
the
North
,
and
Anhalt
to
the
South
,
the
Elb
running
through
;
it
was
formerly
an
Arch-bishoprick
,
being
made
so
by
the
Pope
at
the
instance
of
the
Emperor
Otho
I.
and
its
Prelate
Primate
of
all
Germany
,
in
which
state
it
continued
till
the
Reformation
;
when
the
Canons
,
having
embrac'd
the
Doctrin
of
Luther
in
the
year
1566.
chose
the
Son
of
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
Administrator
of
their
Arch-bishoprick
,
after
which
it
remained
in
the
Administratorship
of
a
secular
Prince
;
till
,
at
length
,
in
the
Treaty
of
Munster
,
A.
D.
1648.
it
was
agreed
,
That
after
the
death
of
the
then
Administrator
,
the
whole
Country
should
devolve
on
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
as
a
secular
Estate
and
a
Dukedom
,
which
,
together
with
the
Bishoprick
of
Halberstadt
,
were
given
him
as
an
Equivalent
for
the
hither
Pommerania
,
by
the
same
Treaty
granted
to
the
King
of
Sweden
.
It
is
accordingly
now
subject
to
that
Elector
and
is
thought
to
have
advanc'd
his
Annual
Revenue
at
least
600000
Rix
Dollars
.
The
City
of
Magdeburg
,
Magdeburgum
,
call'd
in
old
writing
Parthenopolis
,
is
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
Elb
45
miles
below
Wittenburg
,
in
a
pleasant
Country
abounding
with
Corn
,
but
wanting
Wood
;
as
on
the
contrary
the
Land
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
wants
Corn
,
but
has
plenty
of
Wood
.
It
is
distant
30
miles
from
Brandenburg
to
the
South-west
,
60
from
Brunswick
to
the
East
.
and
as
many
from
Leipsick
to
the
North
.
It
was
built
,
or
much
enlarged
at
least
,
and
wall'd
round
by
the
Emperor
Otho
about
the
year
940.
at
the
desire
of
his
Wife
Edgitha
.
Daughter
to
our
English-Saxon
King
Edmund
;
and
being
made
a
City
,
he
endowed
it
with
large
Priviledges
,
made
it
Imperial
,
built
also
the
stately
Cathedral
yet
standing
,
and
translated
the
Bishoprick
of
Vallersleben
thither
,
and
obtained
the
Dignity
of
Primacy
to
be
added
to
it
:
By
which
means
it
grew
exceeding
wealthy
and
powerful
,
and
continued
so
till
the
year
1631.
that
barbarous
Count
Tilly
having
taken
the
City
,
massacred
the
Inhabitants
in
a
most
bloody
manner
,
and
burnt
and
destroy'd
the
whole
Town
,
except
the
Cathedral
,
and
some
few
inconsiderable
Houses
;
the
Slaughter
was
so
great
,
that
of
40000
Citizens
,
it
s
said
not
above
400
were
left
alive
,
which
Loss
it
has
never
been
able
to
recover
;
and
tho
the
Electors
of
Brandenburg
have
much
assisted
it
,
and
repair'd
the
Fortifications
which
are
very
strong
,
yet
it
still
remains
far
less
considerable
than
it
has
been
.
The
Cathedral
is
a
very
noble
Structure
,
and
worth
a
Sranger's
view
;
in
it
are
forty
nine
Altars
;
and
in
one
of
the
Chappels
is
the
Tomb
of
the
Emperor
Otho
and
his
Wife
Edgitha
,
the
Foundress
of
this
Church
.
There
are
28
Towns
more
in
this
Dukedom
,
but
none
of
them
contain
any
thing
worthy
of
a
particular
description
.
The
Province
of
HALBERSTADT
is
a
small
Country
of
about
40
miles
in
length
and
25
in
breadth
,
being
bounded
by
the
Dutchy
of
Magdeburg
on
the
East
,
the
Principality
of
Anhalt
on
the
South
,
the
Bishoprick
of
Hildesheim
on
the
West
,
and
Brunswick
Wolfembuttel
on
the
North
.
The
Soil
of
it
is
good
and
yields
plenty
of
Corn
,
and
the
Forests
contain
store
of
Venison
.
The
Bishoprick
,
which
was
first
founded
in
the
year
780.
by
the
Emperor
Charles
the
Great
,
and
planted
at
Osterwick
,
a
Town
in
this
Province
,
being
in
a
little
time
remov'd
to
Halberstadt
,
gave
name
to
this
Country
,
which
continued
subject
to
its
own
Prelate
till
the
Civil
Wars
of
Germany
,
when
the
Bishop
Leopold
William
having
restor'd
Popery
,
which
had
been
abolish'd
in
1591
,
the
Sweeds
besieg'd
and
took
Halberstadt
,
restor'd
the
Lutheran
Religion
,
and
kept
the
Town
and
Country
till
the
Treaty
of
Munster
,
by
which
this
Bishoprick
was
Seculariz'd
and
given
to
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
and
now
bears
the
title
of
a
Principality
,
Halberstadt
the
chief
Town
,
is
seated
upon
the
River
Hotheim
,
32
miles
from
Magdeburg
,
to
the
West
.
It
was
heretofore
an
Imperial
City
,
but
afterwards
exempted
and
subjected
to
its
Bishop
,
and
now
under
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
;
it
is
reasonably
well-built
,
the
Streets
are
even
,
and
the
Houses
neat
and
uniform
.
There
is
an
Inn
in
this
City
that
is
thought
the
largest
,
and
will
accomodate
the
greatest
number
of
Persons
of
any
in
Europe
.
Osterwick
,
once
call'd
Salingstade
,
in
which
this
Bishoprick
was
first
planted
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Ilse
,
about
12
miles
from
Halberstadt
to
the
West
.
Gruninghen
,
a
small
Town
with
a
Castle
,
re-built
in
1593
,
formerly
the
Seat
of
the
Bishop
,
stands
10
miles
from
Halberstadt
to
the
East
.
There
is
a
remarkable
Wine-fat
in
it
of
vast
bulk
,
containing
near
1000
Hogsheads
,
Queidlingburg
is
also
reckon'd
in
the
Limits
of
this
Principality
,
but
belonging
to
the
House
of
Saxony
,
is
described
with
the
rest
of
that
Elector's
Estates
.
SECT
.
II
.
The
Dutchy
of
POMERANIA
,
call'd
Pommern
in
High-Dutch
.
Pomerania
is
the
most
extream
North-east
part
of
Germany
,
being
bounded
by
the
Baltick
Sea
on
the
North
,
and
Prussia
on
the
East
,
having
also
Brandenburg
on
the
South
,
and
Mecklenburg
on
the
West
.
It
is
about
80
miles
broad
,
and
250
long
:
The
Air
is
very
cold
,
but
the
Soil
however
yields
Corn
and
Fruits
,
also
good
Pasture
,
which
is
fill'd
with
Cattle
,
and
Forests
which
abound
with
Venison
.
The
River
Oder
falls
into
the
Sea
,
after
it
has
run
through
the
middle
of
this
Country
:
Besides
which
,
the
Rivers
Pen
,
Rega
,
Persant
,
Wiper
and
the
Stolp
water
this
Dutchy
.
Pomerania
was
long
Govern'd
by
its
own
Dukes
,
of
whom
Parninrius
at
his
Death
in
1277
,
divided
it
between
his
two
Sons
;
the
Seat
of
the
eldest
being
Wolgast
,
and
of
the
Younger
Stetin
;
but
the
House
of
Stetin
failing
of
Issue
in
1464
,
that
part
of
Pomerania
was
conferr'd
on
the
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
,
by
the
Emperor
.
This
the
Duke
of
Pomeren
Wolgast
oppos'd
with
all
his
might
,
and
at
length
forced
the
Brandenburger
to
surrender
it
,
but
with
this
condition
,
that
if
the
House
of
Wolgast
should
fail
,
the
whole
Dukedom
should
descend
to
the
House
of
Brandenburg
;
which
happening
in
the
year
1637
,
when
Bugislaus
died
with
out
Issue
,
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
claim'd
the
whole
Country
:
But
the
Sweeds
in
the
mean
time
had
got
footing
here
,
being
call'd
in
by
Bugislaus
to
assist
him
against
the
Imperialists
in
the
German
Civil
Wars
,
and
could
not
be
perswaded
to
leave
a
Province
which
they
esteemed
so
convenient
for
them
.
This
caused
a
War
between
the
King
of
Sweden
and
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
which
was
ended
in
1648
,
by
the
Treaty
of
Osnabrug
and
Munster
,
wherein
they
agreed
to
share
it
betwixt
them
;
the
Sweed
having
all
on
the
West-side
of
the
Oder
,
and
the
Brandanburger
that
on
the
East
:
And
as
a
compensation
to
the
Elector
,
the
Dukedom
of
Magdeburg
and
the
Principality
of
Halberstadt
were
assign'd
him
by
the
same
Treaty
;
which
however
did
not
satisfie
him
,
and
therefore
when
the
rest
of
Europe
were
in
Arms
,
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
assumed
his
for
the
recovery
of
this
Country
,
and
entring
the
Swedish
Pomerania
,
took
Stetin
in
1677
and
Straelsund
,
and
other
Places
soon
after
:
But
at
the
Treaty
of
St.
Germain
,
what
then
remain'd
in
his
hands
was
restor'd
,
and
the
Country
is
still
divided
,
as
we
have
said
above
.
The
Division
of
will
it
be
seen
by
this
Table
.
-
The
upper
Pomerania
,
subject
to
the
K.
of
Sweden
,
is
divided
into
the
Territories
of
-
Stetin
-
Stetin
-
Jasenitz
-
Ukermond
-
Passewalk
-
Wolgast
,
-
Wolgast
-
Gripswald
.
Hans
.
-
Kentzing
-
Anklam
-
Gutskow
.
-
Gutskow
-
Treptow
-
Demmin
.
-
Bardt
.
-
Bardt
-
Straelsund
,
Imper
.
-
Trebesis
.
-
Dumgarten
.
-
The
Islands
of
-
Rugen
,
-
Usedom
,
-
Wollin
,
-
Bergen
,
-
Usedom
,
-
Wollin
.
-
The
Lordships
of
-
Lewemberg
,
-
Butow
.
Subject
to
the
K.
of
Poland
.
-
The
Lower
Pomerania
subject
to
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
is
divided
into
the
Territories
of
-
Pomerania
,
-
Camnin
,
Bish
.
-
Coln
,
Hans
.
-
Hargard
,
Hans
.
-
Cassuben
,
-
Colbert
,
Cap.
-
Regemoald
,
-
Bublitz
,
-
Startgart
.
-
Vendofia
,
-
Stolp
,
-
Slage
,
-
Rugenwold
.
STETIN
,
Stetinum
,
is
a
very
considerable
City
,
the
Capital
of
all
Pomerania
,
and
a
Hans-Town
.
It
is
seated
on
the
River
Oder
,
at
the
distance
of
18
miles
from
the
Frontiers
of
Brandenburg
,
30
from
the
Coasts
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
and
70
from
Berlin
to
the
North-east
.
It
is
a
large
,
strong
and
well-built
City
,
and
a
place
of
great
Trade
,
to
which
the
River
Oder
much
contributes
;
for
it
's
self
flows
from
Silesia
,
and
the
Warta
falls
into
it
;
about
50
miles
above
this
City
and
about
30
miles
below
it
,
both
together
fall
into
the
Baltick
Sea
;
so
that
this
is
a
good
Centre
for
exchanging
the
Commodities
of
Germany
,
Poland
and
the
Baltick
.
The
Palace
which
was
formerly
the
Seat
of
the
Duke
,
and
is
now
the
place
where
the
Swedish
Governor
resides
,
is
an
old
magnificent
Building
.
This
City
is
exceeding
populous
,
and
the
Inhabitants
are
noted
for
Civility
and
Valour
;
an
instance
of
the
latter
they
effectually
gave
in
the
gallant
defence
they
made
against
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
in
1677
,
when
tho'
he
brought
a
great
Army
before
this
City
,
and
very
vigorously
attack'd
it
from
the
7th
of
July
,
he
was
not
able
to
take
it
before
the
26th
of
December
,
and
then
too
gave
them
very
honourable
Terms
:
In
the
succeeding
Peace
it
was
restor'd
to
the
Sweed
,
under
whom
it
still
continues
.
Wolgast
is
seated
near
that
mouth
of
the
Oder
call'd
Psin
,
about
5
miles
from
the
shoar
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
50
North-west
from
Stetin
,
and
30
South-east
from
Straelsund
.
It
was
formerly
,
as
we
have
said
,
the
Capital
of
a
Dutchy
,
but
now
subject
to
the
Sweed
.
It
is
strengthen'd
with
a
noble
Castle
,
and
hath
the
most
convenient
Haven
,
except
Straelsund
,
in
Pomeren
.
It
was
taken
by
the
Swedes
in
1630
,
after
by
the
Brandenburgers
in
1675
,
and
restor'd
to
the
Swedes
in
1679.
Straelsund
a
Free
City
,
is
near
the
banks
of
the
Sea
,
over
against
the
Island
of
Rugen
,
80
miles
from
Stetin
to
the
North
,
and
40
from
Rostock
to
the
East
.
It
is
esteem'd
the
largest
and
wealthiest
City
in
Pomeren
,
and
enjoys
many
great
Privileges
,
which
the
Citizens
have
maintain'd
against
several
Princes
that
have
endeavoured
to
subject
them
,
wherein
they
have
been
remarkably
Brave
,
having
at
once
oppos'd
the
united
Force
of
the
Kings
of
Denmark
and
Sweden
,
and
Ten
other
Princes
.
It
is
govern'd
by
its
own
Magistrates
,
who
judge
all
Causes
as
well
Criminal
as
Civil
.
The
Buildings
here
are
beautiful
,
the
private
Houses
being
of
Stone
and
uniform
:
It
is
a
place
of
very
great
Trade
,
(
particularly
for
Corn
)
having
an
excellent
Haven
,
the
Ships
coming
up
into
the
very
Town
.
This
City
was
Founded
or
Re-built
at
least
in
1230
,
and
soon
grew
populous
,
and
was
strongly
fortified
,
by
the
help
whereof
,
in
1629
,
it
oppos'd
Count
Waldeck
,
who
besieged
it
:
After
which
,
they
put
themselves
under
the
Protection
of
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
King
of
Sweden
,
whose
Successors
have
ever
since
held
that
Title
.
In
1678
it
was
besieged
and
taken
by
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
but
restor'd
at
the
Treaty
of
S.
Germains
,
in
1679.
The
Fortifications
consist
of
regular
Bulwarks
and
large
Ditches
,
besides
natural
Marshes
,
through
which
there
is
no
passing
but
by
Causeys
that
are
well
fortified
.
Bardt
stands
in
a
fruitful
Country
12
miles
West
from
Straelsund
,
upon
a
little
Arm
of
the
Sea
,
which
would
be
a
good
Haven
,
but
that
the
Water
is
shallow
,
and
so
the
Town
cannot
be
traded
to
.
It
was
sometime
the
Metropolis
of
the
upper
Pomeren
.
CAMNIN
,
esteem'd
the
Capital
of
the
Ducal
Pomerania
,
is
seated
on
the
East-side
of
the
mouth
of
the
Oder
that
is
call'd
Drawenow
,
30
miles
North
from
Stetin
,
40
South-east
from
Wolgast
,
and
5
South
from
the
Coasts
of
the
Baltick
.
It
was
formerly
a
Bishop's
See
,
but
by
the
Treaty
of
Munster
it
was
Seculariz'd
and
given
to
the
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
.
Colberg
,
at
the
mouth
of
the
small
River
Persant
,
and
near
the
banks
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
is
a
strong
Town
with
a
convenient
Haven
.
It
is
pretty
much
resorted
to
for
Salt
,
which
is
made
in
great
plenty
near
it
;
and
being
hence
Transported
,
makes
the
Town
rich
and
considerable
.
The
Three
Islands
lye
in
the
Baltick
Sea
,
all
along
before
the
Coast
of
the
Upper
Pomeren
.
That
of
RUGEN
is
the
largest
and
most
considerable
;
it
is
30
miles
in
length
,
and
as
many
in
breadth
,
but
with
several
Arms
and
Creeks
of
the
See
within
it
:
It
is
situate
to
the
North-east
over
against
Wolgast
and
Straelsund
,
between
which
last
place
and
it
,
the
Sea
is
not
above
a
League
broad
:
The
Land
of
it
is
exceeding
fertile
,
yielding
Corn
in
great
plenty
,
and
very
good
Grass
,
whereby
great
Herds
of
Cattle
are
fed
.
It
was
formerly
govern'd
by
its
own
Princes
,
who
assisted
by
the
notable
Valour
of
the
People
,
long
defended
it
against
the
neighbouring
Kings
:
But
the
Straelsunders
opposing
the
Authority
he
pretended
over
the
Strait
that
leads
to
their
City
,
occasion'd
Prince
Wislaus
to
besiege
it
;
but
the
City
defended
it self
so
well
,
that
not
only
he
could
not
take
it
,
but
in
a
Salley
he
was
slain
,
and
being
the
last
of
his
Family
,
that
Government
afterwards
was
subjected
to
the
Duke
of
Pomeren
,
from
whom
it
descended
to
the
King
of
Sweden
:
But
the
Danes
,
having
some
old
pretensions
,
in
the
War
of
1678.
Invaded
and
Took
the
whole
Island
;
but
in
1679
,
by
the
Treaty
restored
it
to
the
Sweed
,
to
whom
is
still
Subject
.
The
chief
Town
is
.
Bergen
,
which
is
a
place
of
no
great
Note
,
being
not
Fortified
nor
even
Wall'd
,
though
call'd
a
City
.
It
contains
about
400
Houses
;
and
is
distant
about
25
miles
from
Straelsund
to
the
East
,
and
as
many
from
it
Wolgast
to
the
North
,
The
Island
denominated
from
the
Town
WOLLIN
,
call'd
anciently
Julium
,
is
the
Western
of
the
two
Islands
that
make
the
three
Mouths
of
the
Oder
.
The
Town
is
seated
on
the
mouth
of
the
Oder
,
call'd
Druenow
,
28
miles
North
from
Stetin
,
and
25
South-west
from
Wolgast
.
It
was
anciently
one
of
the
largest
Cities
of
Europe
,
and
resorted
to
by
Merchants
of
all
Nations
,
and
said
to
have
been
so
Powerful
,
as
alone
to
maintain
a
War
against
Denmark
,
and
three
several
times
took
their
King
Prisoner
:
But
it
was
partly
destroy'd
by
Lightning
,
and
finally
,
by
the
Arms
of
Woldemar
King
of
Denmark
,
in
1170
totally
Demolish'd
.
Since
when
it
hath
been
only
a
small
inconsiderable
Town
.
USEDOM
,
which
gives
name
to
another
Island
that
lies
North-west
from
that
of
Wollin
,
and
makes
the
other
two
mouths
of
the
Oder
,
one
whereof
runs
between
these
two
Islands
,
and
is
call'd
Swine
,
and
the
other
beyond
Usedom
,
which
is
nam'd
Pfin
.
Upon
the
Destruction
of
Wollin
,
this
Town
was
resorted
to
by
the
Danish
and
Polish
Merchants
,
and
became
a
place
of
good
Trade
,
but
in
1473
it
was
all
burnt
down
by
an
accidental
Fire
,
which
destroyed
its
Trade
;
and
it
hath
since
been
only
a
small
Sea-port
Town
,
and
not
considerable
.
CHAP.
XII
.
SAXONY
.
SECT
.
I.
A
short
Account
of
the
History
of
Saxony
in
General
.
THE
Saxons
were
anciently
a
vast
Nation
,
and
Possessed
all
the
Northern
Parts
of
Germany
,
from
Franconia
and
Bohemia
in
the
South
,
to
the
Baltick
Sea
and
Denmark
in
the
North
;
and
from
the
River
Elb
on
the
East
,
to
the
Rhine
on
the
West
;
whereby
not
only
the
Present
Upper
and
Lower
Saxony
,
but
also
all
Westphalia
and
Holstein
were
part
of
their
Country
:
Nay
,
also
Jutland
,
now
reckon'd
part
of
Denmark
,
was
Inhabited
by
them
.
Concerning
the
Etymology
of
the
name
Saxon
,
the
Learned
differ
;
some
are
of
opinion
,
that
they
were
deriv'd
fron
the
Saci
,
a
People
of
Asia
,
to
which
our
Learned
Country-man
Mr.
Camden
enclines
.
Others
say
,
they
were
deriv'd
from
Saxum
a
Stone
,
as
being
a
hardy
strong
People
.
Verstegan
and
others
affirm
,
that
they
had
their
name
from
a
Weapon
they
wore
,
call'd
a
Seax
,
which
was
a
short
Sword
of
different
form
from
those
commonly
worn
,
and
peculiar
to
this
Nation
.
They
were
Men
of
a
large
Bulk
and
great
Strength
,
renown'd
Warriers
;
and
so
notorious
for
Piracy
,
that
the
Romans
were
oblig'd
to
keep
Forces
all
along
the
Coast
of
Gaul
and
Britain
to
hinder
their
frequent
Incursions
.
It
was
this
Warlike
People
that
King
Vortigern
invited
to
Britain
to
assist
him
against
the
Picts
and
Scots
,
who
upon
the
Romans
forsaking
them
,
much
annoy'd
the
Britains
:
But
of
what
part
of
this
great
Nation
those
were
that
he
Invited
,
is
somewhat
uncertain
;
ancient
Histories
tell
us
they
were
Angles
and
Juts
:
Jutland
is
suppos'd
to
have
been
the
Country
of
the
latter
,
but
from
what
part
the
former
came
is
more
Disputed
:
Mr.
Camden
is
of
Opinion
that
they
dwelt
in
Sleswick
,
which
was
sometime
called
Angel
;
though
others
affirm
they
came
from
Westphalia
,
and
were
accompanied
by
the
Frisons
.
For
the
Reader's
further
Satisfaction
,
he
may
consult
Camdens
Britannia
,
where
he
will
find
this
Matter
most
learnedly
and
ingeniously
Discussed
.
They
were
Pagans
,
and
Govern'd
by
Twelve
Noblemen
,
chosen
by
the
Commons
,
out
of
whom
in
time
of
War
,
they
chose
a
King
;
which
Government
continued
till
the
time
of
Charles
the
Great
,
who
made
War
upon
them
,
and
was
long
oppos'd
under
the
Conduct
of
Wittikind
their
King
;
but
the
power
of
Charles
prov'd
too
strong
in
time
,
and
Wittikind
was
oblig'd
to
submit
and
receive
the
Christian
Faith
,
which
by
the
great
care
of
Charles
was
planted
and
propagated
over
the
whole
Nation
,
and
Wittikind
was
by
him
created
Duke
of
Saxony
.
The
Race
of
Wittikind
continued
Dukes
of
Saxony
,
till
Otho
III
.
who
being
chosen
Emperor
in
984
,
gave
his
Country
to
Barnard
Lord
of
Lunenburg
,
whose
Grandson
Magnus
was
deprived
by
the
Emperor
Henry
III
.
and
Henry
Guelph
,
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
made
Elector
of
Saxony
,
whose
Son
Henry
sirnam'd
the
Lyon
,
siding
with
the
Pope
against
the
Emperor
Frederick
Barbarossa
,
about
the
year
1170
,
was
Proscrib'd
,
and
by
the
Emperor's
Command
depriv'd
of
his
Estates
by
the
neigbouring
Princes
.
The
Electoral
Dignity
was
Anno
1180
,
given
to
Bernard
Earl
of
Anhalt
,
Son
to
the
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
,
and
descended
from
Magnus
above-mention'd
,
who
had
conquer'd
Lawenburg
from
Henry
,
to
which
the
Emperor
added
the
City
of
Wettimburg
and
all
the
Country
that
tyes
between
the
Elb
and
the
Sala
North-ward
of
Misnia
,
and
gave
it
the
name
of
the
Upper
Saxony
,
The
Posterity
of
Bernard
enjoyed
this
with
the
title
of
Duke
and
Elector
of
Saxony
,
till
1422
,
when
Albert
III
.
dying
without
Issue
,
Frederick
Landgrave
of
Thuringen
and
Marquess
of
Misnia
,
who
was
the
Heir
of
the
Family
of
Wittikind
,
by
the
Emperor's
favour
,
succeeded
,
in
whose
Family
it
still
remains
.
His
Successors
have
been
zealous
defenders
of
the
Reformation
,
especially
D.
John
,
who
was
one
of
the
Princes
who
protested
against
the
Decree
of
the
Diet
at
Spire
,
in
1529
,
as
we
have
elsewhere
said
,
and
was
the
Author
of
the
Smalcalden
League
:
But
in
the
War
that
ensued
thereupon
,
his
Son
and
Successor
Frederick
John
,
had
the
Misfortune
to
be
taken
Prisoner
by
the
Emperor
Charles
V.
and
depriv'd
of
his
Honours
and
Estate
,
which
in
1547
were
given
to
his
Cousin
Maurice
,
Grandson
to
the
Land
grave
Frederick
above-mention'd
,
from
whom
the
present
Duke
and
Elector
is
Descended
.
SECT
.
II
.
The
Upper
SAXONY
.
The
upper
Saxony
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Principalities
of
Magdeburg
.
Halberstadt
,
and
the
Marquisate
of
Brandenburg
,
on
the
South
by
Fran●oni●
and
Bohemia
,
on
the
East
by
Silesia
and
on
the
West
by
Hesse
and
Brunswick
.
Its
Extent
is
,
from
North
to
South
about
130
English
miles
,
and
from
East
to
West
200.
The
Air
is
cold
but
healthful
,
and
the
Soil
fertil
,
producing
much
Wheat
but
very
little
Wine
;
here
are
Mines
of
Lead
,
that
are
very
profitable
,
and
some
of
Silver
,
that
yield
the
Elector
above
100
thousand
Pounds
a
year
.
The
chief
Rivers
are
,
the
Elb
,
the
Sala
,
the
Elster
,
the
Unstruck
,
the
Spree
and
the
Neisse
.
The
Religion
of
the
Inhabitants
is
generally
the
Lutheran
,
though
there
are
also
some
Calvinists
and
Roman
Catholicks
,
The
Elector
of
Saxony
is
the
wealthiest
Prince
of
Germany
,
except
the
Archduke
of
Austria
,
his
yearly
Income
being
reckon'd
to
be
400
thousand
Pounds
Sterling
;
which
is
raised
by
the
Silver
Mines
abovementioned
,
and
by
Excise
upon
Beer
,
Corn
,
Wine
,
Fruit
,
&c.
The
Splendor
of
his
Court
is
very
great
,
being
attended
by
a
vast
number
of
Servants
,
among
whom
are
several
Gentlemen
of
great
Quality
.
't
is
said
of
the
Elector
Christian
II
.
that
he
had
,
besides
a
great
number
of
the
Gentry
of
his
own
Country
,
three
Dukes
,
three
Earls
and
five
Barons
of
Foreign
Nations
his
Pensioners
at
the
same
Time
.
The
Dominions
of
this
Prince
were
increased
in
the
year
1620.
by
the
Emperor's
Donation
of
the
Marquisate
of
Lausatia
to
Duke
John
George
,
in
reward
for
the
service
he
did
him
in
the
Bohemian
War
.
So
that
his
present
Dominions
are
,
the
Dukedom
of
Saxony
,
and
the
Marquisates
of
Misnia
and
Lusatia
,
&c.
The
chief
Towns
whereof
are
seen
in
this
Table
,
together
with
those
of
the
other
States
,
that
compose
the
rest
of
the
Circle
of
the
Upper
Saxony
,
viz
Anhalt
,
Thuringen
,
&c.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Saxony
is
but
a
small
Country
,
lying
between
Brandenburg
on
the
North
,
Misnia
on
the
South
,
Lusatia
on
the
East
,
and
Anhalt
on
the
West
.
The
chief
Towns
are
,
-
Wittemberg
,
-
Torgaw
.
-
The
Marquisate
of
Misnia
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Brandenburg
and
Anhalt
,
on
the
South
by
Bohemia
,
on
the
East
by
Lusatia
,
and
on
the
West
by
Mersburg
,
Naumburg
and
Altenburg
.
It
's
extent
from
North
to
South
is
near
100
miles
and
from
East
to
West
80.
-
Dresdin
,
-
Meissen
,
-
Leipzick
,
-
Chemnitz
,
-
Freyburg
,
-
Voigtland
,
the
South
part
of
Misnia
.
-
Zwickow
,
-
Plawen
.
-
The
Marquisate
of
Lusatia
lies
Eastward
from
the
Dutchy
of
Saxony
and
Misnia
,
and
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Brandenburg
,
on
the
South
by
Bohemia
,
and
on
the
East
by
Silesia
.
It
is
in
length
from
North
to
South
about
90
miles
,
and
in
breadth
about
50
miles
;
the
chief
Towns
in
it
are
-
Bautzen
,
-
Gorlitz
,
-
Cotwis
,
-
Guiben
,
-
Soraw
,
-
Liebaw
,
-
Luben
.
Other
smaller
States
belonging
to
several
Branches
of
the
House
of
Saxony
,
and
lie
Westward
of
the
Countries
above
mention'd
,
viz.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Sax-Hall
,
-
Hall
,
-
Sax-Mersburg
.
-
Mersburg
.
-
Sax-Naumburg
,
-
Naumburg
,
-
Sax-Altemburg
,
-
Altemburg
.
-
The
Principality
of
Anhalt
is
a
long
but
narrow
Tract
of
Land
lying
on
the
North
of
Misnia
.
-
Zerbest
,
-
Bernberg
,
-
Dessaw
.
-
The
small
County
of
Barby
joyns
to
Anhalt
on
the
North
.
THURINGEN
,
formerly
a
Kingdom
,
afterwards
a
County
and
then
a
Landgraviate
,
was
govern'd
by
its
own
Princes
for
many
Ages
,
till
1124.
when
,
upon
the
Death
of
Herman
,
it
descended
to
the
Marquiss
of
Misnia
,
and
,
with
that
Country
,
came
afterwards
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
;
but
is
divided
into
several
Lordships
and
Sovereigns
,
according
to
the
following
Table
.
In
Thuringen
are
thess
Chief
Towns
,
-
Erfurt
,
Cap.
subject
to
the
Archbishop
of
Mentz
,
-
Gotha
,
Dutchy
.
-
Eysenach
,
Dutchy
.
-
Weimar
,
Dutchy
.
-
Mansfeld
,
County
,
-
Stolberg
,
County
,
-
Hohensteim
,
County
,
-
Schwartzemburg
,
County
,
-
Mulhausen
,
Imp.
WITTEMBERG
,
Witemberga
aut
Vitarum
Mons
,
the
Capital
City
of
the
Dutchy
of
Saxony
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Elb
,
40
miles
South
from
Brandenburg
,
as
many
North
from
Leypzick
,
70
East
from
Halberstadt
,
and
as
many
West
from
the
River
Oder
.
It
is
a
fair
large
City
,
of
an
oblong
Square
form
,
with
one
great
Street
in
the
middle
;
adorn'd
with
an
University
,
which
was
founded
by
the
Elector
Frederick
III
.
in
1502.
and
made
famous
by
the
Preaching
of
Martin
Luther
:
And
well
fortified
both
by
Nature
and
Art
,
having
Marshes
on
the
North
,
and
a
great
Canal
to
the
Elb
,
also
a
very
deep
Ditch
,
a
good
Rampart
and
5
large
Bastions
on
the
Side
that
is
most
expos'd
.
This
is
the
Capital
of
the
Electorate
,
and
was
the
Seat
of
the
Elector
,
till
that
Honour
came
into
the
Family
of
Misnia
,
when
it
was
removed
to
Dresden
.
Torgaw
is
a
fair
City
,
built
by
John
Frederick
,
the
Elector
,
in
1535.
and
beautified
with
a
stately
Castle
.
It
is
seated
on
the
West
Side
of
the
Elb
,
20
miles
South
from
Wittemberg
.
DRESDEN
,
Dresda
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Elb
,
which
divides
it
into
two
Parts
,
at
the
distance
of
55
miles
from
Wittenberg
to
the
South-east
,
25
from
the
Confines
of
Bohemia
to
the
North
,
and
50
from
Leipzick
to
the
East
.
It
is
a
large
well-built
City
,
and
the
usual
place
of
Residence
of
the
Elector
of
Saxony
;
whose
Palace
is
a
strong
and
magnificent
Castle
,
adorn'd
with
many
Curiosities
,
especially
a
Chamber
of
Rarities
,
and
an
Armory
extreamly
well
furnished
,
as
also
very
fine
Gardens
and
Stables
The
City
,
as
we
have
said
,
is
divided
by
the
River
into
two
Parts
,
that
on
the
South
Side
is
call'd
Alt
Dresden
or
the
Old
Town
;
to
which
the
New
is
joyn'd
by
a
Stone-Bridge
of
17
Arches
,
which
is
reckon'd
a
curious
piece
of
Workmanship
.
Meissen
,
Misnia
,
once
a
rich
and
populous
City
,
and
the
Metropolis
of
the
Province
,
but
now
not
considerable
,
stands
on
the
South
Side
of
the
Elb
,
12
miles
West
from
Dresdin
:
It
is
a
Bishop's
See
,
and
has
a
Territory
belonging
to
it
,
which
,
with
the
City
,
was
formerly
subject
to
its
Bishop
,
but
now
in
the
Hands
of
the
Elector
.
Here
was
a
wooden
Bridge
over
the
Elb
that
was
much
admired
,
but
was
destroyed
in
the
German
Wars
.
LEIPZIG
or
Leipsick
,
Lipsia
,
Lupfurdum
,
is
thought
to
have
been
built
by
the
Vandals
(
who
were
the
ancient
Inhabitants
of
this
Country
)
about
the
year
700.
It
stands
upon
the
River
Plesse
,
and
near
the
Elster
,
and
is
distant
50
miles
from
Dresden
to
the
East
,
and
40
from
Wittenberg
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
very
large
,
rich
and
populous
City
,
the
most
considerable
of
any
in
this
Elector's
Dominions
.
It
is
very
full
of
Houses
,
and
those
well-built
and
very
high
,
many
seven
,
and
some
nine
Stories
.
S.
Nicholas
Church
is
very
fine
,
and
esteem'd
the
best
of
any
Lutheran
Church
in
Germany
.
The
Citizens
have
a
great
Trade
,
especially
by
reason
of
three
Fairs
held
yearly
,
which
bring
a
concourse
of
Merchants
from
all
Parts
.
A
high
Court
of
Judicature
is
held
in
this
City
,
which
hath
great
Power
,
even
to
summon
the
Elector
himself
.
Here
is
also
an
University
,
which
was
establish'd
in
1408.
by
Frederick
Marquess
of
Misnia
:
It
hath
four
Colleges
and
24
Professors
,
and
is
well
fill'd
with
Students
.
The
Castle
seated
on
the
Plesse
,
and
call'd
Plessenburg
,
is
a
very
strong
Fort
and
well
guarded
.
In
1520.
Martin
Luther
disputed
here
with
Eckius
against
the
Pope's
Supremacy
,
and
quickly
after
this
City
imbraced
the
Reformation
.
It
suffer'd
much
in
the
Civil
Wars
of
Germany
,
having
been
several
times
besieged
and
taken
.
Freyburg
is
a
famous
and
pleasant
Town
,
20
Miles
from
Dresden
to
the
West
,
very
pleasantly
situated
,
near
the
River
Mulda
,
16
miles
South-west
from
Dresden
.
S.
Peter's
Church
here
is
the
usual
Burial-place
of
the
Electors
,
many
of
whose
Monuments
are
there
to
be
seen
;
but
that
of
the
Elector
Maurice
is
the
most
magnificent
,
not
only
of
those
but
of
any
in
Germany
.
But
that
which
makes
this
Town
most
considerable
is
the
famous
Mines
that
are
found
near
it
;
out
of
which
they
dig
great
Quantities
of
Silver
Oar
,
besides
Copper
,
Lead
,
Brimstone
,
Vitriol
,
&c.
and
so
much
Silver
is
hereby
produced
that
the
Elector's
Profit
out
of
it
is
esteemed
at
130000
l.
per
annum
,
clear
of
all
Charges
.
Plawen
or
Plaven
,
a
small
City
,
is
seated
upon
the
River
Eister
,
16
miles
South-west
from
Zwickow
,
a
small
City
,
seated
upon
the
River
Muldaw
40
miles
South
from
Leipzick
:
It
was
a
Free
Imperial
City
till
the
year
1308.
at
which
Time
it
was
taken
by
Frederick
Marquiss
of
Misnia
.
This
Country
was
the
chief
Seat
of
the
German
Civil
Wars
,
and
many
incampments
were
made
near
this
City
.
BAUTZEN
or
BAUDISSEN
,
Budissina
aut
Bubesiae
,
the
chief
City
of
the
Marquisate
of
Lusatia
or
Lausnitz
,
stands
on
the
River
Spree
,
near
the
Frontiers
of
Saxony
,
30
miles
from
Dresden
to
the
East
,
20
from
Gorlitz
to
the
West
,
and
70
from
Prague
to
the
North
.
It
was
formerly
an
Imperial
City
,
but
lost
its
Priviliges
.
Before
the
last
German
Wars
it
was
well
built
,
but
in
1634.
the
Imperialists
having
got
Possession
of
it
,
were
besieged
by
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
and
intending
to
drive
off
the
Enemy
,
set
Fire
to
the
Suburbs
,
which
was
unhappily
driven
over
into
the
City
,
and
burnt
it
to
Ashes
,
and
soon
after
it
suffer'd
much
from
the
Sweeds
;
since
when
it
has
not
been
able
to
recover
its
former
Lustre
.
Gorlitz
,
call'd
by
some
,
the
Capital
of
this
Marquisate
,
is
seated
in
a
Marsh
upon
the
River
Neisse
,
which
rises
on
the
Borders
of
this
Country
,
and
after
it
has
run
quite
cross
it
falls
into
the
Oder
.
This
is
a
good
City
,
having
many
stately
Dwelling-houses
and
several
neat
Churches
;
it
's
Trade
lies
chiefly
in
Brewing
and
making
Linnen
and
Woollen
Cloth
:
It
is
20
miles
distant
from
Bautzen
to
the
East
.
Liebaw
▪
Lobaw
,
Liben
,
or
Lubben
,
is
a
small
Town
,
seated
in
a
Plain
among
pleasant
Meadows
in
the
middle
between
Bautzen
,
and
Gorlitz
:
It
was
formerly
so
rich
,
that
when
the
Sweeds
Plunder'd
it
,
in
1639.
they
confess'd
that
they
got
70000
Rix
Dollars
in
Mony
,
besides
much
rich
Booty
.
Soraw
,
call'd
by
some
,
the
Capital
of
the
lower
Lusatia
,
is
a
small
City
30
miles
North
from
Gorlitz
,
and
very
near
the
Borders
of
Silesia
.
It
was
often
taken
and
retaken
in
the
German
War
,
but
is
now
subject
to
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
Luben
on
the
River
Spree
,
50
miles
North
from
Baudzen
,
and
30
miles
West
from
the
River
Oder
.
This
is
generally
esteemed
the
Capital
of
the
lower
Lusatia
.
The
Elector
of
Saxony
has
a
Palace
in
it
.
Guben
,
a
small
but
well
fortified
Town
,
stands
in
the
lower
Lusatia
,
on
the
River
Nisse
,
30
miles
from
Luben
to
the
East
,
10
from
the
Oder
to
the
West
,
and
45
from
Gorlitz
,
to
the
North
.
It
was
taken
by
the
Imperialists
in
1631.
and
endur'd
a
Siege
of
three
Weeks
by
the
Sweeds
,
in
1642.
Cotwis
or
Cotbuss
is
a
fair
Town
,
seated
on
the
small
River
Havel
,
where
it
falls
into
the
Spree
,
35
miles
North
from
Baudzen
,
and
22
miles
South
from
Luben
.
It
is
now
subject
to
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
as
are
also
Peytze
,
Somerfeld
,
and
some
other
Towns
of
less
note
in
this
Marquisate
.
MERSBURG
,
formerly
a
Bishop's
See
,
under
the
Archbishop
of
Magdeburg
,
but
now
possess'd
by
the
Elector
,
as
Administrator
of
it
;
and
with
the
Territory
belonging
to
it
,
serves
for
the
Portion
for
some
of
the
younger
Brothers
,
who
are
styl'd
Dukes
of
Sax-Mersburg
.
The
Town
at
present
consists
of
a
great
number
of
old-fashion'd
ruinous
Houses
,
and
hath
nothing
considerable
in
it
but
the
Cathedral
.
NAUMBURG
,
a
City
once
Imperial
,
now
subject
to
the
House
of
Saxony
,
is
seated
upon
the
River
Sala
,
where
it
receives
the
Unstrut
,
25
miles
West
from
Leipsick
,
and
15
from
Mersburg
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
Bishop's
See
,
under
the
Archbishop
of
Magdeburg
,
and
has
a
Territory
of
about
20
miles
Extent
,
belonging
to
it
,
which
was
formerly
govern'd
by
its
Bishop
:
But
it
was
yielded
to
the
House
of
Saxony
by
the
Treaty
of
Passaw
,
in
1552.
one
of
which
Family
is
Administrator
of
the
Bishoprick
.
ALTENBURG
stands
upon
the
River
Pleisse
,
24
m
.
from
Leipsick
to
the
South
,
and
46
from
Dresde●
to
the
West
.
It
was
once
an
Imperial
City
,
but
was
taken
by
Frederick
Marquiss
of
Misnia
in
1308.
and
united
to
that
Dutchy
.
It
has
a
Castle
in
which
the
Dukes
of
Saxony
have
some
time
kept
their
Palace
.
HALL
,
call'd
Halla
Saxonum
,
for
distinction
,
a
considerable
Town
,
on
account
of
the
profitable
Salt-Pits
near
it
.
It
was
at
first
a
small
Village
,
and
call'd
Dobredor
,
but
by
reason
of
the
Salt-Pits
,
encreased
much
,
and
obtain'd
a
Charter
in
981.
from
the
Emperor
Otho
II
.
and
got
at
last
to
be
an
Imperial
City
;
but
it
has
been
long
exempted
,
and
subjected
to
its
own
Duke
,
with
a
Territory
belonging
to
it
;
since
fallen
to
the
Archbishop
of
Magdeburg
,
and
so
subject
to
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
.
This
City
is
seated
on
the
Bank
of
the
River
Sala
,
24
miles
North-west
from
Leipsick
,
on
the
Side
of
a
pleasant
Hill
,
cover'd
with
Vines
:
It
is
neatly
built
,
and
the
Inhabitants
are
civil
.
The
Salt
Pits
yield
a
Toll
to
the
Administrator
of
Magdeburg
,
of
500
or
600
Crowns
a
Week
.
The
Principality
of
ANHALT
is
bounded
on
the
South
by
the
Counties
of
Hohenstein
and
Mansfe●d
,
and
on
the
North
by
the
Principality
of
Halberstadt
,
and
Dutchy
of
Magdeburg
,
and
is
extended
from
East
to
West
the
space
of
90
miles
,
tho'
but
very
narrow
:
It
is
subject
to
its
own
Prince
,
who
is
of
a
very
ancient
Family
,
from
which
sprung
both
the
Houses
of
Saxony
and
Brandenburg
.
The
chief
Towns
in
it
are
Zerbst
,
on
the
Eastern
Side
of
the
Elbe
,
about
20
miles
from
Magdeburg
,
and
50
from
Leipsick
to
the
North
;
the
Place
of
the
Prince's
Residence
.
Bernburg
,
a
fortified
Town
,
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
Sala
about
8
miles
from
the
Elb.
This
is
another
Residence
of
the
Prince's
;
whose
Palace
is
separated
from
the
Town
by
the
River
Sala
.
In
1636
,
this
Town
was
taken
,
and
the
Garrison
put
to
the
Sword
by
the
Elector
of
Saxony
.
Dessaw
,
on
the
Elb
,
at
the
Mouth
of
the
Mulda
,
a
strong
fortified
Town
,
pleasantly
seated
,
in
a
fruitful
Country
,
8
miles
from
Zerbst
to
the
South
,
and
20
from
Bernburg
to
the
East
;
in
which
also
the
Prince
has
a
Palace
.
ERFORT
,
Erford
or
Erfurdt
,
lat
.
Erfordia
,
aut
Erfurtum
,
the
Capital
City
of
Thuringen
,
is
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Gere
,
60
miles
West
from
Lipsick
,
60
North
from
Bamberg
and
70
South
from
Halberstadt
.
It
is
a
considerable
Place
,
both
on
account
of
the
Wealth
of
its
Inhabitants
and
the
Beauty
of
its
Publick
Edifices
,
especially
the
Churches
and
Abbeys
,
the
stately
Castle
call'd
Ciriaxberg
,
and
a
famous
University
.
This
City
hath
a
large
Territory
,
wherein
stand
many
Villages
,
all
which
were
subject
to
the
Archbishop
of
Mentz
,
but
at
the
Reformation
the
Inhabitants
imbraced
the
Protestant
Religion
,
and
put
the
City
under
the
Protection
of
the
Elector
of
Saxony
;
which
occasioned
great
Contests
between
those
two
Princes
:
At
length
the
Bishop
of
Mentz
,
with
the
Assistance
of
the
French
,
took
it
by
Force
,
and
oblig'd
the
Citizens
again
to
receive
his
Government
.
However
,
by
the
Treaty
of
Leipsick
,
17
of
the
Villages
,
its
dependencies
,
were
granted
to
the
Elector
of
Saxony
,
and
the
City
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Villages
,
are
still
subject
to
the
Elector
of
Mentz
.
Mulhausen
is
an
Imperial
City
,
but
under
the
Protection
of
the
Elector
of
Saxony
.
It
stands
at
the
foot
of
a
Mountain
,
upon
the
River
Unstrut
,
near
30
miles
from
Erfurt
to
the
North-west
,
20
from
Eysenack
to
the
North
,
and
10
from
the
River
Weser
to
the
East
.
Weimar
,
a
neat
,
well-built
and
a
very
ancient
City
,
stands
12
miles
from
Erfurt
to
the
East
,
in
which
is
a
stately
Palace
,
where
the
Landgrave
of
Thuringen
used
to
reside
.
This
City
gives
Title
to
a
Branch
of
the
Family
of
Saxony
.
Jena
is
a
handsom
City
,
seated
on
the
River
Sala
,
25
miles
from
Erfurt
to
the
East
.
It
is
famous
for
an
University
,
founded
her
by
John
Frederick
Elector
of
Saxony
,
to
which
was
granted
many
Privileges
by
the
Emperors
Charles
V.
and
Ferdinand
;
it
is
in
a
flourishing
state
,
and
has
bred
many
eminent
Men
,
particularly
J.
Lipsius
the
great
Philologer
.
The
Town
is
well
fortified
,
and
stands
in
a
pleasant
Vale
,
in
which
grows
plenty
of
Vines
.
Gotha
,
16
miles
West
from
Erfurt
,
the
Seat
of
another
Branch
of
the
Saxon
Family
,
who
is
still
Duke
of
Gotha
,
and
is
Lord
of
this
Town
,
and
the
Counties
of
Altenburg
,
Coburg
,
Honneburg
in
Franconia
,
and
Osterland
in
Upper
Saxony
.
It
is
a
large
wall'd
Town
and
has
a
good
Trade
in
the
Plant
call'd
Woad
,
which
is
sowed
and
dressed
here
,
and
exported
in
great
Quantities
.
Eyesenach
or
Isenach
,
Isenacum
,
a
small
City
,
standing
on
the
River
Nesa
,
near
the
Borders
of
Hessen
,
and
distant
near
30
miles
from
Erfurt
,
and
15
from
Gotho
to
the
West
.
It
gives
Title
to
a
Duke
of
the
Family
of
Saxony
,
and
hath
an
University
in
it
,
which
was
founded
1555.
The
County
of
SCHWARTSBURG
is
a
Tract
of
Land
,
of
about
40
miles
in
length
and
25
miles
in
breadth
,
and
is
bounded
on
the
South
by
Thuringen
,
on
the
West
by
Naumburg
,
Mersberg
and
Hall
;
the
chief
Town
is
Sunderhausen
,
of
which
,
as
well
as
Franken-hausen
,
Hersingen
,
Kinderbruch
and
Keula
,
the
best
Towns
in
this
County
,
there
is
nothing
considerable
.
The
small
County
of
HOHENSTEIM
lies
North
of
Schwartsburg
:
Its
chief
Town
is
Northausen
,
an
Imperial
City
,
said
to
be
built
in
447.
by
Meroveus
King
of
France
.
It
stands
upon
the
River
Zorge
,
40
miles
from
Erfurt
to
the
North
,
and
is
under
the
Protection
of
the
Duke
of
Saxony
.
STOLBERG
is
a
very
small
County
,
lying
North
of
Schwartsburg
,
between
Hohensteim
to
the
West
,
and
Mansfeldt
to
the
East
.
Its
chief
Town
is
of
the
same
Name
.
The
County
of
MANSFELDT
is
bounded
on
the
West
by
Stolberg
,
on
the
East
by
the
River
Sala
,
on
the
South
by
Thuringen
,
on
the
North
by
some
part
of
Anhalt
,
and
about
30
miles
in
length
from
North
to
South
,
and
15
in
breadth
.
This
Country
abounds
with
Mines
of
several
sorts
,
but
particularly
of
a
Mineral
,
call'd
Scheifforstein
,
which
yields
much
Copper
and
some
Silver
.
It
is
possess'd
by
its
Counts
,
but
with
some
acknowledgment
of
Homage
to
the
Duke
of
Saxony
.
This
Family
is
branched
out
into
several
Houses
,
who
have
divided
the
Country
among
them
;
by
which
means
they
are
not
now
so
considerable
as
they
have
been
.
The
Chief
Town
is
Eisleben
,
a
small
City
near
the
Lake
call'd
Susse
See
,
40
miles
from
Weimar
to
the
North
,
and
55
miles
West
from
Wittenberg
.
It
has
its
name
from
the
abundance
of
Iron-Ore
found
hereabouts
.
In
this
Town
Martin
Luther
was
born
,
A.
D.
1483.
and
died
here
Anno
1564.
Mansfeldt
,
whence
the
County
has
its
Name
,
is
an
old
and
ruinous
City
,
about
5
miles
from
Eisleben
to
the
North-west
.
It
has
a
strong
Castle
on
the
Top
of
a
Hill
,
which
,
being
much
decayed
,
was
repaired
and
fortified
,
A.
1547.
SECT
.
III
.
The
Lower
SAXONY
.
The
Lower
Saxony
comprehends
,
at
present
,
the
Dutchies
of
Brunswick
,
Lunenburg
and
Lawenburg
,
the
Diocess
of
Hildersheim
,
the
Principalities
of
Magdeburg
and
Halberstadt
,
the
Dutchies
of
Bremen
,
Ferden
and
Mecklenburg
,
together
with
that
of
Holstein
,
which
partly
depends
on
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
King
of
Denmark
.
Besides
these
nine
principal
Parts
of
the
lower
Saxony
,
there
are
also
many
other
Sovereign
States
of
a
lesser
extent
,
viz.
the
Dutchies
of
Hanover
,
Zell
,
Gottingen
,
Grebenhagen
;
the
Cities
of
Hamburg
,
Lubeck
,
&c.
The
whole
Country
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
German
Ocean
,
Denmark
and
the
Baltick
Sea
,
on
the
South
by
Hessen
and
the
upper
Saxony
,
on
the
East
by
Pomerania
,
and
the
Marquisate
of
Brandenburg
,
and
on
the
West
by
Westphalia
.
It
is
extended
from
North
to
South
,
for
the
Space
of
about
200
miles
,
and
from
East
to
West
about
220.
The
most
remarkable
Rivers
are
,
the
Elb
,
the
Weser
,
the
Aller
,
the
Hamma
,
the
Ilmenon
,
the
Leme
,
the
Ocker
,
and
the
Eld.
Every
Prince
is
absolute
within
his
Dominions
,
and
generally
assumes
a
Title
from
thence
,
excepting
the
States
of
the
Dutchies
of
Bremen
and
Ferden
,
whereof
the
King
of
Sweden
is
Administrator
;
those
of
the
Principalities
of
Magdeburg
and
Halberstadt
,
which
depend
on
the
jurisdiction
of
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
and
the
free
Cities
of
Hamburg
and
Lubeck
.
The
Lutheran
Religion
is
generally
predominant
throughout
the
Lower
Saxony
,
the
Princes
,
Prelates
,
and
even
the
Abbess
of
Queidlinburg
,
professing
it
,
except
the
Bishop
of
Hildesheim
and
some
Abbots
and
Abbesses
that
profess
the
Romish
.
Tho'
the
Air
be
cold
,
the
Land
produces
Corn
and
Pasture
.
The
Lower
Saxony
,
with
its
Dependencies
,
hath
these
chief
Cities
and
Towns
,
viz.
-
In
the
Dukedom
of
Brunswick
are
,
-
Brunswick
,
Dutchy
.
-
Wolfembuttel
,
D.
-
Hanover
,
D.
-
Grubenhagen
,
D.
-
Blackenburg
,
C.
-
Reinstein
,
C.
-
Queidlinburg
,
Ab.
-
Goslar
,
Imp.
-
Hamelin
,
Hans
.
-
Eimbeck
,
Hans
.
-
Gottingen
,
&c.
-
In
the
Dutchy
of
Lunenburg
,
-
Lunenburg
,
D.
-
Zell
,
D.
-
Harburg
.
-
Ultzen
.
-
Walstrode
.
-
In
the
Bishoprick
of
Hildesheim
,
-
Hildesheim
,
-
Peina
.
The
Dutchy
of
Magdeburg
and
Principality
of
Halberstadt
are
already
spoken
of
,
with
the
Dominions
of
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
.
-
In
the
Dutchy
of
Bremen
,
-
Bremen
,
-
Staden
,
-
Buxtede
,
-
Bremerfurt
,
-
Ottersberg
,
-
Rutzenbuttel
.
-
The
Principality
of
Ferden
,
-
Ferden
,
-
Rodemburg
.
-
In
the
Dutchy
of
Holstein
,
-
Hamburg
,
-
Lubeck
.
The
rest
is
reckon'd
part
of
Denmark
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Lawenburg
,
-
Lawenburg
,
-
Ratzeburg
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Mecklenburg
,
-
Swerin
,
D.
-
Gustrow
,
D.
-
Rostock
.
-
Wismar
,
Hans
.
-
Mecklenburg
.
-
Waren
.
-
Plawen
,
&c.
BRUNSWICK
,
including
the
Dutchy
of
Hanover
,
Principality
of
Grubenhagen
and
Counties
of
Blackenburg
and
Reinstein
,
is
bounded
on
the
South
by
Hesse-Cassel
,
on
the
West
by
the
River
Meser
,
on
the
North
by
Lunenburg
;
and
on
the
East
by
Magdeburg
:
The
chief
Rivers
in
it
are
the
Leina
and
the
Ocker
,
besides
the
Weser
which
washes
its
Borders
.
This
Country
was
anciently
part
of
the
Hercynian
Forest
,
and
there
still
remain
great
Woods
and
Parks
by
which
the
Inhabitants
are
plentifully
furnish'd
with
Timber
and
Fuel
,
and
great
store
of
Game
.
The
Corn
grows
extream
high
,
but
there
is
not
a
great
deal
of
it
,
nor
is
the
Country
very
populous
.
The
Inhabitants
are
of
a
large
size
and
very
robust
,
feed
course
and
lodge
hard
;
Swine's
Flesh
,
with
Wheat
or
Rye
Bread
,
is
their
common
Diet
,
insomuch
that
they
are
,
by
the
other
Germans
,
call'd
Bacon-guts
.
Upon
the
Division
of
Saxony
before-mentioned
,
this
Country
and
Lunenburg
were
left
to
Henry
the
Lyon
,
whose
Grandson
Otho
was
created
Duke
of
them
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
II
.
A.
D.
1235.
But
he
leaving
two
Sons
,
these
Dutchies
were
divided
A.
D.
1264.
but
upon
the
failure
of
Issue
,
again
united
in
the
year
1368.
in
the
Person
of
Duke
Magnus
;
whose
Sons
,
being
ambitious
,
parted
it
again
.
In
the
year
1491.
this
Dukedom
of
Brunswick
was
divided
by
the
two
Brothers
Henry
and
Eric
into
equal
Shares
,
whereof
Henry's
part
was
known
by
the
name
of
Brunswic-Wolfembuttel
.
In
1584.
Eric's
Issue
failing
,
the
whole
Dukedom
was
united
in
the
House
of
Wolfembuttel
,
and
remained
so
till
1634.
that
Frederick
Ulrich
dying
without
Issue
,
this
Dukedom
of
Brunswick
fell
to
Augustus
Duke
of
Lunenburg
,
and
then
the
Dutchy
of
Wolfembuttel
descended
to
the
younger
House
of
Lunenburg
.
The
present
Duke
,
Ernest
Augustus
,
is
descended
from
the
House
of
Hanover
,
and
has
succeeded
to
all
the
Estates
of
that
Dutchy
,
as
well
as
Lunenburg
and
Brunswick
,
and
has
been
lately
(
Anno
1692
)
honour'd
with
the
Title
of
an
Elector
of
the
Empire
.
He
was
born
Anno
,
1629.
and
in
1658.
married
the
Lady
Sophia
,
Sister
to
our
Prince
Rupert
(
being
a
Protestant
)
by
whom
he
has
had
three
Sons
and
a
Daughter
.
This
Family
is
the
only
Relict
of
that
famous
one
of
the
Guelphs
,
who
were
sometime
Dukes
of
Bavaria
and
Saxony
;
of
the
original
of
which
there
goes
a
notable
Story
as
follows
.
Jermintrudis
,
Countess
of
Altorf
,
upbraided
a
Woman
with
Adultry
,
and
made
her
be
punished
because
she
had
12
Children
at
a
Birth
:
It
happen'd
that
shortly
after
,
she
her self
was
deliver'd
of
the
same
number
,
all
Sons
;
at
which
she
was
much
concern'd
,
as
fearing
the
same
scandal
;
and
therefore
(
her
Husband
being
then
absent
)
commanded
her
Nurse
to
kill
11
of
them
;
who
,
accordingly
,
carrying
them
secretly
out
in
her
Apron
,
was
met
by
the
old
Count
,
and
asked
,
what
she
had
there
?
The
Nurse
replyed
Woelpen
,
Whelps
;
he
not
contented
with
that
Answer
examin'd
farther
,
and
forc'd
her
to
confess
the
whole
Matter
:
Upon
which
he
enjoyn'd
the
Woman
secresy
,
and
dispos'd
of
the
Children
,
and
six
years
after
produc'd
them
all
together
to
his
Lady
and
all
their
Friends
,
at
a
Feast
he
had
made
for
that
purpose
,
and
caused
them
all
to
be
named
Whelps
,
which
after
alter'd
to
Guelphs
.
BRUNSWICK
was
first
built
by
Tanguard
and
Bruno
Dukes
of
Saxony
,
A.
D.
861.
since
when
it
has
been
often
enlarged
,
and
is
now
one
of
the
most
considerable
of
the
Hanse-towns
.
It
is
divided
into
five
several
Corporations
,
each
of
which
hath
its
Court
of
Judicature
,
but
unite
in
Matters
relating
to
the
common
Interest
.
It
is
a
rich
and
populous
place
,
and
drives
a
great
Trade
in
Hides
,
and
Mum
,
which
is
brewed
here
by
certain
Persons
who
have
the
sole
Power
,
and
exported
to
several
Countries
.
Brunswick
claims
to
be
a
free
,
Imperial
City
,
and
has
several
times
disputed
with
the
Duke
,
who
all
a
long
claim'd
the
Soveraignty
;
on
which
account
it
has
endur'd
many
Sieges
,
the
last
of
which
was
in
1671.
when
it
was
taken
by
the
present
Duke
,
who
has
ever
since
kept
a
good
Guard
,
and
built
a
Citadel
,
and
otherwise
strongly
fortified
it
,
tho'
to
the
Injury
of
the
City
;
for
the
Merchants
being
displeased
,
have
removed
to
other
places
.
The
Houses
are
well
built
and
the
Town-house
is
very
magnificent
:
The
form
of
the
Town
is
almost
square
,
the
River
Ocker
running
through
the
middle
,
and
is
2
miles
in
circuit
,
and
surrounded
with
2
Walls
and
2
Ditches
.
It
is
seated
in
a
Plain
,
near
the
Northern
Bounds
of
the
Country
,
and
is
distant
100
miles
from
Erfurdt
,
and
40
from
Halberstadt
to
the
North
,
70
from
the
River
Elb
,
and
26
from
Zell
to
the
South
,
60
from
the
Weser
to
the
East
,
and
60
from
Magdeburg
to
the
West
.
WOLFENBUTTEL
stands
upon
the
Ocker
,
but
10
miles
from
Br●●swick
to
the
South
.
It
is
the
ancient
Seats
of
the
Dukes
of
Brunswick
.
It
is
divided
into
two
parts
,
viz.
Arx
Guelpica
,
the
Duke's
Palace
,
and
Henrich
Stadt
,
the
Town
.
In
the
Palace
is
a
Library
exceeding
well
furnished
with
valuable
Books
,
founded
by
the
late
Duke
Augustus
;
in
the
Town
,
the
new
Church
is
remarkable
,
being
an
admirable
piece
of
Architecture
,
and
in
it
are
buried
21
Dukes
and
Dutchesses
of
Brunswick
.
It
is
defended
with
strong
and
impregnable
Fortifications
,
and
secured
by
marshy
Grounds
.
HANOVER
,
Hannovora
,
call'd
anciently
Lawenroda
,
and
Han-over
,
from
a
Ferry
over
the
River
Leina
on
which
it
stands
,
35
miles
from
Brunswick
to
the
West
,
and
28
from
Zell
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
strong
and
populous
City
,
once
Imperial
,
but
has
long
been
subject
to
its
Prince
.
The
Inhabitants
are
much
Enriched
by
four
yearly
Fairs
held
here
:
It
is
the
Capital
of
the
Territory
of
Culenberg
.
Gottingen
,
a
City
seated
on
the
River
Leina
near
the
Confines
of
Hesse
,
10
miles
from
the
Weser
,
60
miles
from
Hanover
to
the
South
,
and
20
from
Cassel
to
the
North-east
.
Hamelen
,
seated
on
the
River
Weser
over
which
it
hath
a
Bridge
at
the
mouth
of
the
Hamel
,
is
a
strong
,
fortified
and
well-garison'd
Town
,
being
near
the
Confines
of
Brunswick
toward
Westphalia
,
and
call'd
the
Key
of
this
Duke's
Dominions
;
it
is
distant
45
miles
from
Gottingen
to
the
North
,
and
near
30
from
Hanover
to
the
South
.
There
is
a
Story
of
a
strange
Accident
that
,
they
say
,
happen'd
in
this
Town
on
the
26th
of
June
,
1284
,
of
a
Piper
that
undertook
to
rid
them
of
Rats
,
with
which
they
were
very
much
annoy'd
,
which
he
did
,
it
seems
,
by
the
power
of
his
Musick
;
for
,
at
the
sound
of
his
Tabret
and
Pipe
,
all
the
Rats
follow'd
him
out
of
the
Town
to
the
River
,
where
they
were
drown'd
.
When
he
had
done
his
Work
he
return'd
for
his
Pay
,
which
the
Towns-men
refused
him
,
pretending
it
was
too
much
for
so
little
Work
:
Upon
which
he
went
away
in
a
great
Rage
;
and
a
Year
after
came
again
,
and
playing
as
before
,
all
the
Children
follow'd
him
into
the
mouth
of
a
Cave
,
on
the
top
of
a
neighbouring
Hill
,
and
neither
Piper
nor
Children
were
ever
after
heard
of
.
This
Story
the
Towns-men
relate
with
great
confidence
,
and
there
is
still
to
be
seen
,
near
this
Cave's
mouth
,
a
Monument
of
Stone
,
with
an
Inscription
expressing
the
loss
of
130
Children
,
swallow'd
quick
in
that
Cave
.
Grubenhagen
,
a
Castle
near
the
River
Leina
,
and
about
12
miles
from
Gottingen
to
the
North
,
has
a
Territory
belonging
to
it
which
is
a
Dukedom
,
but
subject
to
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
;
it
is
very
woody
,
having
been
part
of
the
Hercynian
Forest
,
and
abounds
with
Pine
and
Fir-trees
.
In
this
Province
are
rich
Mines
of
Silver
,
Copper
,
Lead
,
and
many
sorts
of
Minerals
.
These
Mines
were
first
discover'd
in
the
year
972
,
as
the
Germans
relate
,
by
a
Hunter
,
who
,
having
ty'd
his
Horse
to
a
Bush
and
gone
a
little
from
him
,
at
his
return
found
a
piece
of
Ore
beat
out
of
the
Ground
with
his
Hoof
;
this
Hunter's
name
was
Ramme
,
whence
the
Mountain
in
which
this
Mine
is
,
was
call'd
Ramelsberg
.
In
1045
,
other
Mines
were
also
discovered
in
the
neighbouring
Hills
;
and
here
are
now
many
Towns
inhabited
only
by
Miners
.
The
chief
Town
of
this
Dutchy
is
Eimbeck
,
seated
at
the
confluence
of
several
small
Rivulets
,
which
a
little
lower
fall
into
the
Leina
;
it
is
distant
20
miles
from
Gottingen
.
Helmstadt
,
a
City
built
by
Charles
the
Great
,
Anno
782
,
seated
near
the
borders
of
Magdeburg
,
and
24
miles
from
Wolfembuttel
to
the
East
,
wherein
is
an
University
founded
by
Julius
Duke
of
Brunswick-Wolfembuttel
,
A.
1576
,
which
is
endow'd
with
large
Privileges
;
particularly
that
its
Rector
should
for
ever
have
the
Title
and
Dignity
of
Count
Palatine
,
and
has
bred
many
eminent
Men
,
particularly
J.
Horstius
,
Meibomnius
,
Reineccius
,
Conringius
,
&c.
Gostar
stands
upon
the
River
Gosa
,
which
falls
into
the
Ocker
near
the
Confines
of
Hildesheim
,
and
is
40
miles
distant
from
Gottingen
to
the
North
,
and
25
from
Brunswick
to
the
South
;
it
is
a
free
and
imperial
City
enjoying
large
Privileges
.
The
Origine
of
this
City
was
a
Palace
built
by
the
Emperor
Henry
I.
The
Trade
of
it
is
in
cleansing
,
tempering
and
vending
all
sorts
of
Metals
and
Minerals
dug
in
the
neighbouring
Countries
.
The
Counties
of
BLACKENBURG
,
REINSTEIN
and
QUEIDLINBURG
,
(
together
with
Hohenstein
,
Stolberg
and
Schwartzburg
in
the
Upper
Saxony
,
already
described
)
were
formerly
one
Province
,
and
call'd
Hartingow
.
It
is
a
cold
Country
,
and
has
Mountains
,
on
which
Snow
lies
till
Midsummer
;
affords
little
Corn
,
but
the
Valleys
are
fill'd
with
Cattel
and
the
Forests
with
Venison
.
The
Inhabitants
are
thought
the
longest
Livers
in
Germany
,
frequently
arriving
to
the
Age
of
100
or
110
years
.
They
have
Mines
of
Iron
in
the
Bowels
of
the
Mountains
,
of
which
one
here
call'd
Brocken
or
Brocksberg
,
is
esteem'd
the
highest
in
Germany
.
Betwixt
Blackenburg
and
Elbingrode
is
a
remarkable
Cave
,
call'd
Buman's
Hole
,
of
which
none
can
find
the
end
,
tho'
many
have
travell'd
very
far
in
it
.
Large
Bones
are
frequently
found
in
it
,
and
not
many
years
since
a
Skeleton
of
a
Man
of
prodigious
Bulk
was
brought
out
among
other
Rarities
.
There
goes
a
Story
of
a
young
Fellow
,
that
seeking
after
his
Cattel
in
this
Cave
lost
his
way
,
and
wandering
8
days
together
in
it
,
at
his
return
his
Hair
was
chang'd
grey
,
and
he
told
strange
Stories
of
Spirits
and
Apparitions
that
he
said
he
had
met
within
it
.
Here
are
two
great
craggy
Rocks
not
far
from
Blackenburg
,
which
naturally
represent
two
Monks
in
their
proper
Habit
,
as
exact
as
if
they
were
carv'd
out
.
Blackenburg
and
Reinstein
,
are
two
small
Counties
which
lie
betwixt
Halberstadt
and
Anhalt
.
They
both
receive
their
names
from
Castles
,
of
which
that
of
Blackenburg
stands
36
miles
from
Wolfembuttel
to
the
South
,
and
25
miles
from
Mansfeld
to
the
North
,
and
is
the
Hunting-seat
of
the
Duke
of
Wolfembuttel
.
That
of
Reinstein
is
old
and
not
considerable
:
Many
other
Castles
hewn
out
of
Rocks
are
to
be
found
in
these
Countries
,
but
are
not
regarded
.
Queidlinburg
,
a
small
City
,
formerly
a
Hanse-town
,
now
not
considerable
but
for
a
Lutheran
Nunnery
,
the
Abbess
whereof
is
of
the
House
of
Austria
,
and
Lady
of
the
City
and
a
small
Territory
belonging
to
it
.
It
is
distant
8
miles
from
Blackenburg
to
the
East
,
and
10
from
Halberstadt
to
the
South
.
The
Bishoprick
of
HIDELSHEIM
lying
between
the
two
Rivers
Leina
and
Ocker
,
is
surrounded
with
the
Territories
of
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
,
and
therefore
much
in
his
power
,
tho'
properly
under
the
Elector
of
Cologn
as
Administrator
of
Hidelsheim
,
to
whom
it
was
restor'd
by
the
Treaty
of
Brunswick
,
A.
D.
1653
,
having
been
for
many
years
before
in
the
hands
of
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
.
His
Suffragan
the
Bishop
,
is
the
immediate
Governor
of
this
Country
,
and
Protector
of
the
City
of
Hidelsheim
,
which
is
a
Hanse-town
,
and
considerable
on
account
of
the
great
Trade
in
Corn
,
which
they
maintain
.
The
Buildings
are
old
and
venerable
,
but
neat
enough
:
The
Inhabitants
are
most
of
them
Lutherans
,
tho'
the
Bishop
be
of
the
Romish
Church
,
and
the
only
one
in
Brunswick
.
It
is
distant
15
miles
from
Hanover
to
the
South-east
,
50
from
Gottingen
to
the
North
,
30
from
Zell
to
the
South
,
and
25
from
Brunswick
to
the
South-west
.
Peina
,
a
small
City
,
stands
on
the
River
Fuse
,
about
12
miles
from
Brunswick
to
the
West
,
and
has
a
strong
Castle
,
the
Bulwark
of
this
Bishoprick
,
on
a
Hill
;
a
remarkable
Battel
was
fought
near
it
in
1553
,
between
Maurice
Elector
of
Saxony
and
Albert
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
,
in
which
the
former
lost
his
life
.
The
Dukedom
of
LUNENBURG
.
Is
bounded
on
the
S.
with
Brunswick
,
on
the
N.
with
the
River
Elb
,
on
the
E.
with
Brandenburg
,
and
on
the
West
with
the
Dutchy
of
Bremen
and
County
of
Hoye
;
it
is
full
of
large
Woods
and
Forests
,
which
abound
with
Deer
and
other
Game
;
other
parts
of
the
Country
are
Heath
,
barren
and
desart
Lands
of
vast
extent
.
The
Inhabitants
are
the
most
rustical
of
all
Germany
.
The
Government
of
the
Dutchy
of
Lunenburg
,
as
has
been
already
said
in
the
description
of
Brunswick
,
hath
been
all
along
enjoy'd
by
the
Descendants
of
Henry
the
Lyon
,
and
is
at
present
united
with
that
of
Brunswick
,
under
the
Illustrious
Prince
Ernest
Augustus
,
Duke
and
Elector
of
Hanover
,
Brunswick
and
Lunenburg
.
LUNENBURG
or
Luneburg
,
Luneburgum
,
a
Hanse-town
,
and
the
principal
City
of
this
Sovereign
Dutchy
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Ilmenow
,
at
the
distance
of
8
miles
from
the
Elb
,
and
35
from
Lubeck
to
the
South
,
60
from
Brunswick
to
the
North
,
and
30
from
Hamburg
to
the
East
.
It
is
a
fair
City
,
of
an
oblong
Form
,
and
about
two
miles
in
Circumference
;
the
Streets
are
broad
,
and
the
Houses
well
built
.
The
Town-hall
is
a
handsom
Building
,
over
against
which
stands
the
Duke's
Palace
;
the
Bridge
over
the
River
is
a
very
stately
one
.
There
are
famous
Salt-springs
near
the
Town
,
out
of
which
great
store
of
Salt
is
made
,
and
affords
the
Inhabitants
a
considerable
Trade
.
The
Castle
that
stands
on
an
adjacent
Mountain
,
call'd
Kalchberg
,
they
say
is
124
years
older
than
the
City
,
which
was
built
by
Henry
the
Lyon
,
in
1190.
ZELL
,
the
Capital
of
a
Dutchy
possessed
by
a
Branch
of
the
Family
of
Lunenburg
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Aller
,
where
the
Fuhse
falls
into
it
,
35
miles
South
from
Lunenburg
,
28
North
from
Hanover
,
and
29
North-east
from
Brunswick
.
The
Duke's
Palace
is
a
square
Building
,
adorn'd
with
very
pleasant
Gardens
,
Orchards
and
Grotto's
.
It
is
moted
round
,
and
was
built
A.
D.
1485.
In
it
are
held
the
chief
Courts
of
Judicature
.
Bardewck
,
but
five
miles
distant
from
Lunenburg
to
the
North
,
was
anciently
a
strong
and
very
populous
City
,
but
now
a
poor
Village
only
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
the
only
one
now
left
of
9
that
were
formerly
in
this
Town
,
in
which
is
still
a
College
of
8
Residentiary
Canons
.
Harburg
is
a
strong
Town
upon
the
Elb
,
30
miles
West
from
Lunenburg
;
it
has
a
Castle
,
and
is
the
strongest
Frontier
of
this
Country
:
The
Town
is
but
thinly
inhabited
,
and
not
considerable
.
Ultzen
a
little
neat
Town
,
in
the
midway
between
Lunenburg
and
Zell
,
was
formerly
call'd
Lawenwald
,
and
had
this
name
of
Ultzen
from
a
Monastery
in
the
neighbourhood
call'd
Olden
Stadt
.
In
the
year
1646
,
it
was
destroy'd
by
Fire
,
but
is
the
greatest
part
rebuilt
more
splendid
than
formerly
.
The
Inhabitants
pretend
,
That
the
English
Saxons
went
from
hence
,
and
that
a
Ship
of
Tin
gilt
,
that
was
to
be
seen
in
the
Market-place
before
the
Fire
,
was
hung
up
in
remembrance
of
it
,
by
some
of
them
that
return'd
.
Walstrode
,
at
first
only
a
Monastery
,
built
by
one
Walo
Prince
of
Anhalt
,
A.
986
,
but
now
a
considerable
Town
,
driving
a
good
Trade
in
Hony
,
Wax
,
Wool
and
Beer
;
it
stands
in
a
pleasant
Valley
encompass'd
with
Mountains
and
Woods
,
25
miles
from
Zell
to
the
East
,
near
the
Borders
of
Ferden
,
The
Counties
of
Hoey
and
Diepholt
,
already
described
,
are
subject
to
the
Duke
of
Lunenburg
.
The
Dukedoms
of
BREMEN
and
FERDEN
.
Eastward
from
Lunenburg
,
and
between
the
Rivers
Elb
and
Weser
,
lies
the
Dutchy
of
Bremen
,
which
was
formerly
an
Archbishoprick
,
and
the
whole
Country
subject
to
its
Prelate
,
till
about
the
year
1644
,
this
Country
was
conquer'd
by
the
Sweed
,
and
by
the
Treaty
of
Munster
the
Archbishoprick
of
Bremen
,
with
the
Bishoprick
of
Ferden
,
were
granted
to
that
King
,
and
turn'd
into
a
Dukedom
:
But
tho'
this
is
spoken
of
the
Country
in
general
,
it
is
not
meant
of
every
part
of
it
;
for
the
City
of
Bremen
is
free
and
has
a
Territory
of
its
own
,
the
Citizens
of
Hamburg
have
the
two
Forts
of
Ritzenbuttel
and
New-Werck
,
and
a
part
of
it
belongs
to
the
Dutchy
of
Sax-Lawenburg
;
as
will
be
seen
more
particularly
in
our
Description
.
The
Soil
of
this
Country
is
in
the
middle
Parts
sandy
and
barren
Heath
,
but
the
outer
part
towards
the
two
Rivers
is
very
fertil
and
abounds
with
pleasant
Fields
and
Meadows
.
The
Inhabitants
are
reckon'd
as
good
Soldiers
as
any
in
Germany
;
and
't
is
said
of
the
Wustlanders
,
the
Inhabitants
of
that
part
of
the
Country
that
lies
to
the
Sea-side
,
that
they
will
Fight
and
Drink
with
the
best
Men
in
Germany
.
BREMEN
,
Brema
&
Bremensis
Civitas
,
which
gives
name
to
this
Dukedom
,
is
a
very
considerable
,
large
and
well-built
City
,
seated
in
a
fruitful
Plain
on
the
Banks
of
the
Weser
,
70
miles
from
Zell
to
the
West
,
and
60
from
Embden
to
the
East
,
90
from
Munster
to
the
North
,
and
60
from
Hamburg
to
the
South-west
.
It
is
very
strong
,
for
besides
the
Walls
and
Castle
the
situation
affords
them
a
good
Defence
,
the
low
Grounds
about
it
being
easily
overflowed
from
the
Weser
.
It
is
a
free
,
imperial
City
,
and
reckon'd
the
third
of
the
Hanse-towns
.
Charles
the
Great
founded
the
Archbishoprick
,
and
made
it
the
Metropolis
of
the
North
.
The
Emperor
Henry
V.
A.
1111
,
granted
the
Citizens
great
Privileges
in
reward
of
their
valiant
Performances
in
the
Holy
War
.
It
receiv'd
the
Reformation
in
1552
,
and
zealously
defended
it
against
their
Archbishop
.
Upon
which
account
it
was
besieged
by
order
of
the
Emperor
Charles
V.
in
the
year
1547
,
but
the
Citizens
so
valiantly
defended
themselves
,
that
Goenghen
Governor
of
Zeeland
,
who
commanded
in
chief
,
was
kill'd
,
and
the
Duke
of
Brunswick
,
who
succeeded
him
,
was
forc'd
at
last
to
raise
the
Siege
,
after
near
a
year's
labour
in
vain
.
It
is
govern'd
by
four
Burgo-Masters
and
24
Common-Council-men
,
who
also
judge
all
Law-suits
between
the
Citizens
.
The
River
Weser
divides
it
into
two
parrs
,
of
which
that
on
the
North-side
is
the
Old
City
,
and
the
other
is
call'd
the
New
;
these
are
join'd
again
by
Wooden
Bridges
,
the
biggest
of
which
has
a
curious
Engine
on
it
that
raises
the
Water
,
and
distributes
it
all
over
the
Town
.
The
Streets
of
the
old
Town
are
large
and
center
in
the
Market-place
,
wherein
stands
an
old
Image
of
Gigantick
Bulk
,
call'd
Statua
Rolandina
,
on
which
is
an
ancient
Inscription
importing
it
to
be
a
Testimonial
of
the
Liberty
granted
by
Charles
the
Great
and
other
Emperors
,
to
this
City
.
These
Statues
have
been
set
up
in
many
Cities
,
and
by
the
Germans
(
tho'
with
little
reason
)
said
to
be
the
Image
of
a
certain
General
nam'd
Roland
,
employ'd
by
Charles
the
Great
in
the
Conquest
of
these
Countries
;
in
whose
Honour
he
order'd
these
Statues
to
be
set
up
,
and
made
the
condition
of
their
Tenure
of
certain
Privileges
.
In
the
old
Town
stands
also
the
Town-house
and
the
ancient
Cathedral
Church
dedicated
to
S.
John
,
wherein
they
shew
the
Tomb
,
as
they
say
,
of
Willibald
an
English
Priest
,
who
was
sent
over
into
Germany
by
Egbert
Archbishop
of
York
,
at
the
request
of
Charles
the
Great
,
to
convert
these
Infidels
;
who
after
he
had
labour'd
many
years
with
great
success
,
was
made
the
first
Archbishop
of
this
See
,
and
died
A.
D.
790.
In
the
new
Town
are
the
Arsenal
and
the
Gymnasium
or
small
University
,
at
first
a
Free-School
,
built
soon
after
the
Reformation
,
and
endow'd
by
the
Citizens
;
which
encreasing
by
degrees
,
is
now
a
noted
University
,
and
has
educated
several
famous
Men
,
particularly
Chytraeus
,
Pezelius
,
Pierius
,
Mat
.
Martinius
and
Jo
.
Cocceius
.
This
City
,
by
means
of
the
River
,
is
much
frequented
with
Merchant
Ships
from
Holland
and
other
Nations
,
by
which
they
export
their
own
Commodities
,
Corn
,
Minerals
,
Wool
,
Timber
,
Fish
,
Leather
,
&c.
and
receive
those
of
other
Countries
,
which
they
,
by
the
same
River
,
transmit
to
the
other
Provinces
of
Germany
.
The
Territory
of
this
City
extends
about
8
or
10
miles
round
.
Stade
,
the
next
considerable
City
in
this
Dukedom
,
is
situated
on
the
River
Zwinga
near
the
Elb
,
in
a
fruitful
Country
and
wholesom
Air
,
about
50
miles
from
Bremen
to
the
North
,
and
25
from
Hamburg
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
very
strong
Place
,
being
fortified
with
vast
Ramparts
,
Bulwarks
and
a
strong
Castle
:
It
has
a
commodious
Haven
,
into
which
larger
Ships
can
enter
than
are
able
to
get
up
to
Hamburg
.
This
City
hath
been
endow'd
with
great
Privileges
;
particularly
it
was
an
Asylum
,
or
place
of
Refuge
for
all
Offenders
,
and
had
a
right
to
demand
a
Toll
of
Ships
passing
up
the
Elb
;
besides
,
it
is
a
Hanse-town
:
By
all
which
means
,
no
wonder
it
was
once
rich
and
populous
.
But
it
seems
Hamburg
out-stript
it
,
and
this
place
became
so
poor
that
they
were
forc'd
to
sell
its
great
Privileges
to
that
City
,
and
put
themselves
under
the
Protection
of
the
Archbishop
of
Bremen
,
and
it
is
now
subject
to
the
King
of
Sweden
.
It
was
anciently
the
Capital
of
a
County
subject
to
its
own
Earl
,
which
was
annex'd
to
the
Archbishoprick
by
Philip
Duke
of
Schwaben
and
Earl
of
Stade
,
about
the
year
1240.
After
its
decay
above-mentioned
,
our
English
Merchants
,
upon
some
Abuse
offer'd
them
at
Hamburg
,
remov'd
hither
;
which
reviv'd
its
Trade
,
and
in
a
little
time
made
it
again
rich
and
populous
,
and
it
is
at
present
in
good
condition
.
The
Town
is
well
built
,
and
the
Market-place
,
Town-hall
and
Churches
,
are
worth
a
Traveller's
sight
.
Buxtehude
,
another
Hanse-town
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Essa
near
the
Elb
,
in
a
very
fruitful
and
pleasant
Country
,
15
miles
from
Stade
to
the
West
,
and
as
many
from
Hamburg
to
the
East
.
It
is
a
Granary
to
Hamburg
,
that
City
receiving
a
great
part
of
its
Provisions
from
this
.
Bremerfurde
,
a
wall'd
Town
,
on
the
Road
betwixt
Bremen
and
Stade
,
being
distant
25
miles
to
the
North
from
the
first
,
and
15
to
the
South
from
the
latter
.
It
was
once
the
Palace
of
the
Archbishop
,
and
has
a
Castle
,
wherein
,
because
it
commands
the
neighbouring
Plains
,
the
Sweeds
keep
a
good
Garison
.
The
Town
is
otherwise
not
considerable
,
having
little
or
no
Trade
.
Ottersberg
,
a
small
fortified
Town
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
,
which
was
for
sometime
the
place
of
Residence
of
the
Archbishop
,
stands
16
miles
from
Bremen
to
the
East
.
Rutzenbuttel
is
a
strong
Fort
at
the
mouth
of
the
Elb
,
32
miles
to
the
North-west
from
Stade
,
and
not
10
miles
from
the
utmost
point
of
Land
of
this
Country
.
It
belongs
to
the
Hamburghers
,
who
have
also
another
small
Fort
near
it
call'd
New-Werck
,
and
a
small
Territory
round
them
.
The
Duke
of
Sax-Lawenburg
is
Lord
of
that
part
of
this
Country
call'd
Hadelland
,
which
is
the
most
North-east
part
of
it
,
but
contains
nothing
considerable
enough
to
deserve
a
particular
Description
.
The
extent
of
it
the
Reader
may
judge
by
the
Map
,
when
he
knows
that
Nuhenbuys
on
the
Elb
,
and
Carlsladt
on
the
Weser
,
belong
to
the
Sweed
.
Hadler
,
which
gives
name
to
the
Country
,
and
Ottersdorp
,
are
the
two
best
Towns
in
it
.
The
Principality
of
FERDEN
or
VERDEN
,
formerly
a
Bishoprick
,
and
now
subject
to
the
Sweed
,
as
abovesaid
,
is
situate
next
to
Lunenburg
,
and
bounded
on
the
West
by
the
Weser
;
it
was
made
a
Bishoprick
by
Charles
the
Great
.
The
chief
Town
of
the
same
name
stands
upon
the
River
Aller
,
which
falls
into
the
Weser
,
and
is
distant
42
miles
from
Zell
to
the
West
,
and
27
from
Bremen
to
the
East
.
It
is
supplied
with
all
Foreign
Commodities
by
Barges
from
Bremen
:
The
City
has
nothing
very
considerable
in
it
.
It
has
been
several
times
taken
,
viz.
by
Count
Tilly
,
in
1626
,
by
the
Imperialists
,
in
1631.
In
1676
,
it
was
seized
by
the
Duke
of
Lunenburg
,
but
restor'd
to
the
Sweed
,
in
1629
,
to
whom
it
still
remains
.
Rotenberg
,
a
small
City
on
the
River
Wein
,
stands
in
the
Bounds
of
this
Principality
and
near
the
borders
of
it
,
15
miles
from
Ferden
to
the
North
.
It
was
at
first
the
Bishop's
.
Palace
,
which
was
fortified
in
the
year
1500
,
and
the
small
Village
near
it
wall'd
in
and
made
a
City
;
which
since
is
considerably
encreas'd
and
grown
a
place
of
some
Trade
and
well
inhabited
.
The
Cities
of
HAMBURG
and
LUBECK
.
HAMBURG
,
that
flourishing
rich
and
populous
City
,
is
seated
on
the
North-side
of
the
River
Elb
,
at
the
distance
of
40
miles
from
Lubeck
to
the
South-west
,
and
65
from
Bremen
to
the
North-east
,
30
from
Lunenburg
to
the
North-west
,
60
from
Zell
to
the
North
,
and
72
from
the
mouth
of
the
Elb
;
which
River
makes
it
a
most
commodious
Haven
,
being
so
deep
that
Ships
of
very
great
Burden
can
come
up
to
the
very
Walls
of
the
Town
,
and
the
Tide
flows
up
16
miles
above
it
.
It
is
the
chief
Port
and
hath
been
long
the
greatest
Mart-town
of
Germany
:
The
Haven
is
continually
full
of
Ships
,
and
the
Exchange
daily
crowded
with
Merchants
.
The
Town
is
divided
into
two
parts
,
the
Old
and
the
New
,
but
both
close
together
and
parted
only
by
a
Wall
,
and
both
well
fortified
.
The
Buildings
are
of
Brick
,
and
exceeding
high
and
stately
;
the
chief
Church
,
formerly
a
Cathedral
,
is
dedicated
to
S.
Peter
,
and
was
built
about
830.
Several
of
the
Earls
of
Holstein
and
Schawenburg
lie
buried
in
it
.
In
S.
Catherine's
Church
is
a
Pulpit
of
white
Marble
curiously
carved
,
and
adorn'd
with
Figures
of
Alabaster
and
Ornaments
of
Gold
.
The
Poor
and
Sick
are
extraordinarily
well
provided
for
in
Hamberg
,
by
the
many
Hospitals
liberally
endow'd
,
of
which
there
are
no
less
than
6
,
for
the
maintaining
old
,
decrepit
,
poor
People
;
for
curing
the
Sick
,
for
educating
poor
Children
,
to
receive
poor
Strangers
fallen
sick
in
Travelling
,
and
for
the
maintenance
of
maimed
Seamen
:
Besides
which
,
care
is
taken
of
the
Widows
and
Children
of
those
that
lose
their
Lives
in
the
service
of
the
Publick
.
The
Trade
of
the
City
consists
in
all
manner
of
Foreign
Goods
,
as
well
as
those
of
the
product
of
Germany
,
the
former
being
receiv'd
by
Ships
from
all
parts
of
the
World
,
and
from
hence
convey'd
up
the
Elb
to
the
heart
of
Germany
;
and
the
Commodities
of
the
several
parts
of
the
Empire
return'd
by
the
same
River
,
and
transported
to
other
Nations
,
to
the
great
Profit
of
the
Inhabitants
who
are
the
Managers
of
this
vast
Traffick
.
Our
English
Merchants
having
brought
great
Profit
to
this
City
,
are
treated
with
great
Civility
and
Respect
,
and
have
the
Privilege
of
trying
and
deciding
Controversies
among
themselves
,
before
their
own
Resident
;
and
are
permitted
the
free
Exercise
of
their
Religion
,
which
is
denied
to
other
Nations
,
The
Inhabitants
,
being
Lutherans
,
forbid
the
exercise
of
the
Romish
Religion
.
This
rich
and
powerful
City
is
a
free
and
imperial
State
,
and
independent
of
any
Power
but
the
Emperor's
,
to
whom
they
pay
a
small
Homage
.
They
enact
Laws
,
punish
Criminals
even
to
death
,
levy
Taxes
,
make
League
and
War
as
they
please
,
by
a
Grant
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
I.
and
confirm'd
by
Ferdinand
II
.
The
Citizens
of
Hamburg
are
exempted
from
all
Tolls
and
Customs
upon
the
Elb
,
betwixt
their
own
City
and
the
Ocean
;
notwithstanding
which
,
the
King
of
Denmark
has
sometimes
compell'd
their
Ships
to
pay
a
Toll
at
his
Castle
of
Gluckstadt
,
which
occasion'd
great
Contests
.
This
was
made
up
in
the
year
1645.
and
the
Hamburgers
permitted
to
re-assume
their
ancient
Privileges
,
upon
the
payment
of
120000
Rix
Dollers
to
that
King
.
The
Government
of
this
City
is
in
its
own
Magistrates
,
who
are
4
Burgomasters
,
20
Schepins
or
Aldermen
,
and
12
Common-council
,
call'd
die
Oberalten
,
or
chief
Elders
.
These
,
upon
extraordinary
Occasions
call
to
their
Assistance
60
more
,
eminent
Citizens
call'd
,
The
Elders
of
the
City
;
and
if
it
be
too
difficult
a
matter
for
them
to
determine
,
the
whole
Commonality
of
Freemen
are
assembled
.
This
City
is
able
to
arm
15000
Men
.
It
was
taken
by
Woldemar
Duke
of
Sleswick
about
the
year
1200.
who
gave
it
Albrecht
Earl
of
Orlimund
,
of
whom
the
Citizens
bought
their
Liberty
,
and
so
became
a
free
State
;
which
was
several
times
confirm'd
by
the
Earls
of
Holstein
and
Schawenburg
,
his
Posterity
,
to
the
last
of
that
Family
,
who
died
A.
1459.
after
which
,
the
Province
of
Holstein
falling
into
the
Hands
of
Christian
I.
King
of
Denmark
,
the
Hamburgers
contracted
a
League
of
Friendship
with
that
Prince
,
whose
Successors
have
often
endeavour'd
to
have
the
Protection
of
this
City
,
but
could
never
obtain
it
.
In
the
year
1510.
the
City
of
Hamburg
was
declared
free
and
Imperial
by
the
Emperor
Maximilian
in
the
Diet
,
and
the
Duke
of
Holstein
summon'd
to
make
good
his
Pretensions
to
it
,
or
renounce
them
for
ever
.
In
fine
,
the
City
has
to
this
day
preserv'd
its
Freedom
,
which
it
has
been
the
better
able
to
do
,
by
reason
of
the
continual
Jealousies
between
the
two
Northern
Crowns
;
for
the
Sweed
being
Master
of
the
South-side
of
the
Elb
,
as
the
Dane
is
of
the
North
,
what
mischief
this
does
them
from
Gluckstadt
,
will
be
reveng'd
by
the
other
from
Stade
.
However
,
the
Dane
has
several
times
fleec'd
them
;
in
the
year
1679
,
he
got
220000
Rix
Dollars
of
them
,
to
take
them
again
into
his
Favour
,
as
't
was
term'd
in
the
Treaty
;
and
in
the
year
1686.
he
again
brought
an
Army
and
besieg'd
it
,
but
was
bought
off
.
LUBECK
,
Lubeca
&
Lubecum
,
an
Imperial
City
and
the
Capital
of
all
the
Hanse-towns
,
is
conveniently
seated
near
the
Sea
and
on
the
Banks
of
the
Travo
,
which
having
receiv'd
the
Waters
of
a
lesser
River
into
its
Channel
,
form
a
kind
of
Marsh
round
about
the
Walls
,
and
passing
through
the
City
conveys
Vessels
of
as
large
size
as
any
that
sail
upon
the
Baltick
,
up
to
the
Town
,
which
,
by
that
means
,
is
a
place
of
great
Traffick
.
It
was
heretofore
only
a
small
Town
,
built
by
Adolphus
Count
of
Holstein
,
under
the
Reign
of
the
Emperor
Conrad
III
,
from
whom
it
was
taken
by
Henry
the
Lyon
Duke
of
Saxony
,
afterwards
conquer'd
by
Waldemar
Duke
of
Sleswick
;
but
being
ill
treated
by
the
Danes
,
the
Citizens
expell'd
them
,
and
put
themselvs
under
the
Protection
of
the
Emperor
Frederick
II
.
who
constituted
it
an
imperial
and
free
City
,
A.
1209.
and
it
is
at
present
one
of
the
principal
ones
of
Germany
.
It
is
distant
10
miles
from
the
Coasts
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
37
from
Hamburg
to
the
North-east
,
and
as
many
from
Wismer
to
the
West
.
The
Streets
are
very
fair
and
adorn'd
with
divers
magnificent
Buildings
,
the
chief
whereof
are
the
Cathedral
dedicated
to
S.
John
,
the
Collegiate
Churches
of
the
Virgin
Mary
,
S.
James
.
S.
Peter
,
&c.
It
's
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Bremen
,
was
translated
hither
from
Oldenburg
,
A.
D.
1162.
but
the
Bishops
have
been
Protestants
ever
since
the
year
1561.
when
the
Reformed
Religion
was
introduc'd
here
by
Dietlerus
of
Reventlon
,
and
a
Custom
hath
prevail'd
,
That
the
Administration
of
the
Bishoprick
of
Lubeck
should
devolve
as
an
Appenage
or
Inheritance
on
the
younger
Sons
of
the
Duke
of
Holstein-Gottorp
,
the
shadow
of
an
Election
being
only
left
to
the
Chapter
,
whence
they
are
stiled
Dukes
of
Eutym
,
from
a
Town
about
4
miles
from
hence
so
called
,
wherein
this
Prelate
usually
Resides
,
and
which
was
annexed
to
the
Episcopal
See
by
Adolphus
II
.
Count
of
Holstein
,
when
it
as
yet
retain'd
the
name
of
Oldenburg
.
The
City
is
Govern'd
by
twelve
Burgomasters
,
who
are
Civilians
and
Gentlemen
.
The
Common-Council
are
compos'd
of
Lawyers
and
Merchants
,
Mechanicks
being
excluded
.
A
remarkable
Treaty
of
Peace
was
concluded
at
Lubeck
,
between
the
Emperor
and
the
King
of
Denmark
,
A.
D.
1629.
The
Dutchy
of
LAWENBURG
lyes
on
the
Banks
of
the
Elb
,
between
the
Dukedoms
of
Holstein
,
Mecklenburg
and
Lunenburg
,
and
is
subject
to
its
own
Duke
,
who
is
of
the
Family
of
the
ancient
Dukes
of
Saxony
.
The
chief
Town
of
the
same
name
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Elb
,
25
miles
from
Lubeck
to
the
South
,
35
from
Hamburg
to
the
East
,
and
15
from
Lunenburg
to
the
North
.
It
is
said
to
have
been
built
by
Henry
the
Lyon
,
Duke
of
Saxony
,
and
thence
call'd
Leoburgum
;
but
in
the
Wars
against
that
Prince
it
being
much
damaged
,
Bernard
of
Anhalt
who
succeeded
him
,
reedified
,
enlarged
and
strengthned
it
,
and
gave
it
to
John
his
Second
Son
,
with
this
Dutchy
;
from
whence
the
last
Duke
of
Sax-Lawenburg
was
descended
,
who
dying
in
the
year
1692
,
and
leaving
no
Issue
Male
,
the
Succession
to
this
Dutchy
hath
been
claim'd
by
the
Elector
of
Saxony
and
other
Princes
.
Ratzeburg
,
seated
on
a
Lake
of
the
same
name
,
15
miles
from
Lawenburg
to
the
North
,
and
12
from
Lubeck
to
the
South
,
is
the
See
of
a
Bishop
,
under
the
Archbishop
of
Bremen
,
planted
by
Henry
the
Lyon
,
when
he
conquer'd
these
parts
.
It
was
subject
to
its
Bishop
before
the
Treaty
of
Westphalia
,
A.
D.
1648
,
by
which
the
Jurisdiction
of
it
was
divided
between
the
Dukes
of
Mecklenburg
and
Lawenburg
,
the
Town
being
given
to
the
former
,
and
the
Castle
to
the
latter
.
This
Town
receiv'd
the
Augustan
Confession
,
A.
1566.
It
is
the
Capital
of
a
Country
of
the
same
name
,
and
the
ancient
Burial-place
of
the
Dukes
.
To
this
Duke
,
as
hath
been
already
said
,
some
part
of
the
Dukedom
of
Bremen
is
subject
,
as
are
also
Frankenhausen
,
Sassenhausen
,
and
some
other
Towns
on
the
Elb.
The
Dukedom
of
MECKLENBURG
.
The
Dukedom
of
Mecklenburg
is
situate
between
the
Dutchies
of
Holstein
and
Sax-Lawenburg
to
the
West
,
the
Baltick
Sea
to
the
North
,
Pomerain
to
the
East
,
and
Brandenburg
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
Country
reasonably
large
,
and
stor'd
with
Corn
,
Fruits
,
Fish
and
Fowl
,
but
in
an
unpleasant
Air
,
being
not
wholsom
in
the
Summer
,
and
extream
Cold
in
the
Winter
:
The
ancient
Inhabitants
were
the
Vandals
.
At
present
the
Country
is
divided
between
the
two
Dukes
of
Swerin
and
Gustrow
.
This
Division
was
made
in
the
year
1592
,
for
the
sakes
of
the
two
Sons
of
John
III
.
the
Eldest
seated
in
Swerin
,
and
the
Youngest
Gustrow
.
Swerin
,
seated
upon
a
Lake
of
the
same
name
,
is
distant
40
miles
from
the
River
Elb
to
the
North
,
20
from
the
Baltick
Sea
to
the
South
,
and
35
from
Lubeck
to
the
East
:
It
was
built
by
Henry
the
Lyon
,
A.
D.
1163
,
who
bestow'd
it
on
Guntzel
one
of
his
Generals
,
with
the
Lordships
belonging
thereto
,
and
made
him
Earl
of
Swerin
,
but
his
Family
ending
in
1355
,
it
was
annex'd
to
Mecklenburg
.
The
Bishop's
See
which
had
before
been
at
Mecklenburg
,
was
about
the
year
1260
remov'd
to
this
City
,
at
the
request
of
Henry
,
who
built
the
Cathedral
and
Library
and
endow'd
it
,
since
which
time
there
was
a
continual
Succession
till
the
Treaty
of
Munster
,
when
the
Bishoprick
was
Seculariz'd
.
In
this
City
the
Duke
of
Mecklenburg
Swerin
keeps
his
usual
Residence
.
Mecklenburg
is
at
present
a
small
inconsiderable
Village
near
Wismar
,
tho'
anciently
a
large
City
,
and
gave
name
to
this
Dukedom
.
There
are
some
little
remains
of
Ruins
to
be
seen
for
some
miles
round
.
Gustrow
,
the
place
of
Residence
of
the
Duke
of
Mecklenburg
Gustrow
,
is
a
strong
well
fortified
Town
,
and
stands
35
miles
from
Swerin
to
the
East
,
and
18
from
Rostock
to
the
South
.
Rostock
a
Free
Imperial
City
and
Hanse-Town
,
but
under
the
Protection
of
the
Duke
of
Mecklenburg
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Warna
,
which
8
miles
below
it
falls
into
the
Baltick
Sea
,
and
makes
it
a
reasonable
good
Port
,
which
was
well
frequented
by
Merchants
Ships
,
but
since
the
Treaty
of
Munster
the
Sweeds
have
built
a
Fort
at
the
mouth
of
the
River
,
and
exact
a
Toll
on
all
Ships
that
pass
by
,
to
the
great
decay
of
the
Trade
of
this
Town
.
An
University
was
founded
here
by
the
Dukes
of
Mecklenburg
,
Anno
1419
,
which
is
now
one
of
the
most
flourishing
in
Germany
.
It
stands
16
miles
from
Gustrow
to
the
North
,
and
36
from
Wismar
to
the
East
.
Wismar
,
a
Hanse-Town
,
is
seated
at
the
bottom
of
a
Bay
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
12
miles
from
Swerin
to
the
North
.
Henry
de
Mecklenburg
about
the
year
1266
,
establish'd
the
same
manner
of
Government
here
as
was
at
Lubeck
,
by
which
it
quickly
grew
rich
,
and
the
Haven
being
convenient
,
it
was
made
the
Harbour
of
the
Men
of
War
belonging
to
the
Hanseatick
Society
,
and
the
Town
very
strongly
fortified
.
This
City
was
granted
to
the
Sweed
by
the
Treaty
of
Munster
,
and
was
taken
from
him
by
the
Dane
in
1675.
By
the
last
Treaty
of
Peace
between
those
two
Princes
,
it
was
agreed
to
be
deliver'd
to
the
Sweed
upon
payment
of
certain
sums
of
Mony
,
which
it
seems
are
not
yet
paid
,
for
the
Town
still
remains
in
the
hands
of
the
King
of
Denmark
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
The
Circle
of
WESTPHALIA
.
THIS
Circle
lies
on
the
West-side
of
the
River
Weser
,
from
the
German
Ocean
on
the
North
,
to
the
Province
of
Hessen
on
the
South
,
and
between
the
Lower
Saxony
on
the
East
,
and
the
Netherlands
on
the
West
.
The
utmost
extent
of
it
may
be
reckon'd
about
200
miles
from
North
to
South
,
and
from
East
to
West
,
in
some
parts
100
,
in
others
150
miles
;
which
extent
comprehends
many
Sovereignties
,
viz.
The
Principality
of
East
Friezland
,
and
Bishopricks
of
Munster
,
Osnabrug
and
Paderborn
;
the
Dutchies
of
Cleeve
and
Juliers
,
with
several
smaller
States
,
as
is
more
particularly
express'd
in
the
Table
annex'd
.
It
was
anciently
inhabited
by
the
Saxons
,
and
by
them
call'd
Westvelden
,
from
its
situation
on
the
Westside
of
the
Weser
,
as
the
Country
on
the
other
side
was
call'd
Oost-velden
:
From
hence
,
some
affirm
,
the
Saxons
came
that
Invaded
England
,
and
many
Arguments
not
altogether
improbable
,
have
been
made
by
some
Learned
Germans
to
prove
it
.
But
since
Mr.
Camden
,
who
was
so
indefatigable
an
Enquirer
into
and
so
excellent
a
Judge
of
Antiquity
,
enclines
to
the
common
Opinion
,
that
they
came
from
the
most
Northern
part
of
Saxony
,
it
is
most
reasonable
to
be
concluded
by
him
,
and
reject
the
Arguments
of
others
,
how
plausible
soever
they
may
seem
.
When
Charles
the
Great
had
conquer'd
the
Saxons
,
and
planted
Christianity
among
them
,
he
erected
several
Bishopricks
,
to
which
he
gave
Lands
for
their
support
.
In
the
part
we
are
speaking
of
,
we
find
three
very
considerable
ones
,
besides
that
of
Liege
,
who
have
Sovereign
Princes
;
they
were
not
made
altogether
so
potent
in
his
time
,
but
encreas'd
their
Dominions
at
the
general
Partition
that
was
made
of
the
great
Dukedom
of
Saxony
,
when
Henry
the
Lyon
was
Proscrib'd
;
't
was
then
that
the
Bishop
of
Munster
enlarg'd
his
Country
,
and
that
the
Archbishop
of
Cologn
obtain'd
that
part
of
Westphalia
which
he
still
holds
,
and
by
that
part
of
it
stiles
himself
Duke
of
Westphalia
.
The
other
Sovereignties
are
the
County
of
East
Friezland
,
the
County
of
Oldenburg
,
the
Principality
of
Minden
,
the
Counties
of
Hoye
,
Lippe
,
Ravensberg
,
&c.
together
with
the
Dutchy
of
Cleeve
Juliers
and
Berg
,
all
which
have
been
erected
at
several
times
,
upon
several
occasions
,
which
we
have
not
room
here
particularly
to
shew
.
The
Air
,
especially
in
the
Northern
part
is
very
Cold
,
and
great
part
of
the
Ground
is
Marshy
,
or
Barren
;
however
Corn
and
Pasture
is
produc'd
in
plenty
;
but
the
Fruit
is
very
ordinary
,
and
serves
chiefly
to
feed
the
Hogs
,
whereof
this
Country
hath
good
store
,
and
of
an
excellent
Kind
;
so
that
the
Bacon
which
they
send
abroad
,
is
very
much
esteem'd
.
The
chief
Rivers
are
the
Weser
,
the
Eems
,
the
Lippe
,
the
Roer
,
the
Aa
,
&c.
The
Accommodations
a
Traveller
may
meet
with
here
,
is
prettily
enough
express'd
in
this
Distick
,
very
common
in
Germany
,
viz.
Hospitium
Vile
Groof
Broot
,
dun
Bier
,
lange
Milen
Sunt
in
Westphalia
:
Qui
non
vult
credere
Loop
daer
.
That
is
,
Who
Travels
in
Westphalia's
sure
to
find
,
Long
Miles
,
small
Beer
,
course
Bread
and
Lodging
vile
.
The
Circle
of
Westphalia
is
thus
divided
,
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Munster
,
wherein
the
chief
Towns
are
-
Munster
,
-
Kloppenberg
,
-
Vecht
,
-
Meppen
,
-
Tilligt
,
-
Koesfeldt
,
The
Dutchy
of
Westphalia
,
subject
to
the
Elector
of
Cologn
.
See
the
Division
of
it
in
the
account
of
the
Dominions
of
that
Prince
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Osnabrug
.
-
Osnabrug
,
-
Iburg
.
-
The
Bishoprick
of
Paderborn
,
-
Paderborn
,
-
Lippesburg
,
-
Warburgh
.
-
The
Abbey
of
Corbey
,
-
Hoxter
.
-
County
of
East
Friezland
,
-
Embden
,
-
Norden
,
-
Aurich
,
-
Esens
,
-
Jever
.
-
The
County
of
Oldenburg
,
-
Oldenburg
.
-
The
Principality
of
Minden
,
-
Minden
,
-
Petershagen
,
C.
-
The
County
of
Bentham
,
-
Bentham
.
-
The
Dukedom
of
Cleeve
,
-
Cleeve
,
-
Embrick
,
-
Rees
,
-
Wesel
,
-
Genep
,
-
Duysburg
,
&c.
-
Orsoy
,
-
Caliar
,
-
Santen
,
-
Meurs
,
C.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Juliers
,
-
Juliers
,
or
Gulick
,
-
Aken
,
or
Aix
la
Chapelle
,
-
Duren
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Berg
,
-
Duseldorp
.
-
The
County
of
Mark
,
-
Dortmund
,
-
Unna
,
-
Ham
,
-
Soest
.
-
The
County
of
Lippe
,
-
Lippe
,
-
Dithmold
,
-
Horn
,
-
Lemgow
.
-
The
County
of
Ravensburg
,
-
Ravensburg
,
-
Hervoden
,
-
Bilevelt
.
-
The
County
of
Schaumberg
,
-
Schaumberg
,
-
Saxenhagen
,
-
Buckenburg
,
-
Oldendorp
.
-
The
Counties
of
-
Hoye
,
-
Diepholt
,
-
Lingen
,
-
Delmenhorst
,
-
Tecklenburg
,
-
Steinfurt
,
-
Ravestein
.
The
BISHOPRICK
of
MUNSTER
is
stretched
out
on
both
sides
the
River
Eems
,
from
the
Borders
of
the
County
of
Emden
on
the
North
.
to
the
Dutchy
of
Cleeve
,
County
of
Mark
and
Dutchy
of
Westphalia
on
the
South
,
being
in
length
near
100
miles
.
On
the
East
is
bounded
by
the
Counties
of
Delmenhorst
,
&
Diepholt
,
the
Bishopricks
of
Osnabrug
and
Paderborn
,
and
the
Counties
of
Ravensburg
and
Lippe
.
On
the
West
it
hath
the
Province
of
Overissel
,
the
County
of
Benthem
,
and
the
County
of
Zutphen
,
,
containing
in
breadth
in
some
parts
60
,
in
others
40
,
and
in
some
parts
not
above
20
miles
.
This
Province
is
entirely
subject
to
the
Bishop
,
who
is
a
Count
of
the
Empire
,
and
a
powerful
Prince
,
being
able
to
maintain
an
Army
of
15000
Men
.
The
chief
Cities
and
Towns
in
his
Dominions
are
these
,
viz.
MUNSTER
,
Monasterium
,
olim
Miningroda
,
which
is
reckon'd
the
Capital
of
the
Circle
of
Westphalia
,
takes
its
name
from
a
Monastery
built
here
by
Charles
the
Great
.
It
is
pleasantly
situated
in
a
large
Plain
,
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Aa
,
which
falls
into
the
Eems
,
a
little
below
the
Town
.
This
was
an
Imperial
City
and
Hans-Town
,
but
hath
been
subject
to
the
Bishop
since
1661
,
It
is
adorn'd
with
a
stately
Cathedral
,
a
Colledge
belonging
to
the
Jesuits
,
and
other
fair
Buildings
;
and
is
Fortified
with
a
strong
Castle
and
regular
Out-works
.
An
Insurrection
of
the
Anabaptists
here
in
the
last
Age
was
very
remrakable
,
for
these
furious
Enthusiasticks
under
the
Conduct
of
a
Sanctified
Taylor
,
call'd
John
of
Leyden
,
seized
the
City
,
turn'd
out
the
Magistrates
,
and
Lorded
it
at
pleasure
for
a
Year's
time
:
But
at
last
their
doughty
Prince
was
taken
Prisoner
,
and
duly
rewarded
with
a
publick
Execution
,
whereby
the
publick
Peace
was
restor'd
in
the
Year
1534.
And
in
this
Age
,
this
City
hath
been
made
famous
by
a
memorable
Treaty
in
it
held
,
and
a
Peace
concluded
between
the
Emperor
and
Princes
of
Germany
,
which
put
an
end
to
the
Civil
War
first
began
between
the
Emperor
and
the
Elector
Palatine
,
but
had
at
last
engag'd
most
of
the
Princes
,
and
miserably
harras'd
all
Germany
,
from
about
the
year
1618
,
till
1648.
in
which
year
this
Westphalian
Peace
was
made
.
Munster
stands
90
miles
South
from
the
German
Ocean
,
60
miles
West
from
the
River
Weser
,
as
many
East
from
the
Rhine
,
and
120
North
from
the
Maine
,
in
the
Lat
.
of
52
deg
and
Longit
.
27
deg
.
Kloppenburg
stands
at
the
head
of
the
little
River
Soeste
,
near
the
borders
of
the
County
of
Oldenburg
,
65
miles
North
from
Munster
.
It
is
a
strong
Fortified
Town
,
but
was
taken
by
the
Sweeds
in
1635
,
and
recover'd
soon
after
by
the
Bishop
,
to
whom
it
is
still
subject
.
Vecht
,
the
Capital
of
a
small
Barony
,
formerly
govern'd
by
its
own
Lord
,
stands
near
the
borders
of
the
County
of
Deipholt
,
15
miles
South-east
from
Kloppenburg
.
Meppen
,
a
strong
fortified
Town
,
stands
on
the
River
Hase
,
where
it
falls
into
the
Embs
,
25
miles
South-east
from
Kloppenburg
.
It
was
taken
by
the
Dutch
in
1587
,
but
regain'd
,
and
since
together
with
Kloppenburg
,
and
another
Fort
call'd
Haselunnen
,
made
over
to
the
Bishop
of
Munster
,
by
the
Counts
of
Tecklenburg
,
to
whom
they
then
belonged
.
Tilligt
,
which
stands
near
the
Embs
,
10
miles
West
from
Munster
,
was
made
famous
by
a
Convention
of
the
States
of
Mu●ste●
,
held
in
it
,
in
1532.
Koelsfeldt
〈◇〉
all
Hanse-Town
on
the
River
Berkel
,
20
miles
〈◇〉
from
Munster
.
The
Count●
of
Embden
,
Emmerlandt
,
or
EAST-FRIESLAND
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
and
East
by
the
German
Ocean
,
on
the
West
by
the
County
of
Oldenburg
,
and
on
the
South
by
the
Bishoprick
of
Munster
.
This
was
part
of
the
Kingdom
of
the
ancient
Frisons
;
but
this
part
was
made
a
Province
of
Germany
by
Charles
the
Great
,
and
in
1453
,
Ulrick
the
Governor
of
it
was
made
Count
,
and
his
Family
have
since
been
Princes
of
it
to
the
present
Count
Christian
Everard
.
EMBDEN
,
Embda
,
Amasia
aut
Amisia
,
the
Capital
of
East
Friezland
,
is
seated
near
the
mouth
of
the
River
Embs
,
and
on
the
Bay
call'd
Dollaert
,
at
the
distance
of
25
miles
from
Groningen
to
the
East
,
60
from
Bremen
to
the
West
,
and
100
from
Munster
to
the
North
.
It
hath
a
very
convenient
and
deep
Haven
,
and
the
People
are
of
an
industrious
nature
,
it
is
therefore
a
place
of
good
Trade
,
and
much
resorted
to
by
Merchants
Ships
from
Foreign
parts
:
Our
Merchants
upon
their
removal
from
Antwerp
,
brought
hither
the
Staple
,
or
chief
Ware-house
for
English
Cloth
,
but
being
ill-us'd
,
remov'd
it
to
Hamburg
.
The
Houses
here
are
generally
well-built
,
and
the
Stadthuys
,
or
Town-hall
,
is
very
Magnificent
.
This
City
was
formerly
subject
to
the
Count
of
Friezland
,
but
it
hath
thrown
off
his
Authority
,
and
is
now
a
Free-State
,
under
the
Protection
of
the
Hollanders
.
It
is
defended
by
two
strong
Castles
,
a
Wall
with
Bastions
and
regular
Bulwarks
,
and
a
double
Ditch
round
about
.
Norden
,
a
pleasant
Port-Town
,
about
15
miles
North
from
Embden
,
is
well-built
,
but
not
fortified
.
The
Harbour
is
not
deed
enough
to
receive
Ships
of
any
great
Burden
.
Aurich
in
the
middle
between
Embden
and
Norden
,
is
the
place
where
the
Supream
Court
of
Judicature
for
this
County
is
held
.
Here
is
a
Castle
belonging
to
the
Count
,
and
a
slight
Wall
round
the
Town
.
Esens
12
miles
North
from
Norden
,
is
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
.
Witmund
is
a
good
large
Town
,
about
7
or
8
miles
West
from
Esens
,
both
formerly
Baronies
,
but
devolved
on
the
Count
of
Friezland
.
This
was
once
a
place
of
good
Trade
,
but
now
much
declined
.
Jever
,
about
10
miles
West
from
Esens
,
is
a
fair
Town
,
and
gives
Title
to
a
Baron
.
It
has
a
good
strong
Castle
,
and
by
means
of
the
River
Hoeck
which
falls
into
the
Ocean
10
miles
below
,
it
hath
acquir'd
a
pretty
good
Trade
.
This
Barony
is
now
subject
to
the
Count
of
Oldenburg
.
On
the
West
of
Embden
lyes
the
County
of
OLDENBURG
,
a
poor
barren
Country
,
extended
along
the
Banks
of
the
Weser
,
near
50
miles
in
length
,
and
25
in
breadth
.
Its
chief
Town
of
the
same
name
is
seated
on
the
River
Hunte
,
at
the
distance
of
35
miles
from
Embden
to
the
West
,
and
as
many
from
Bremen
to
the
East
.
It
is
well
Fortified
with
Walls
and
Ditches
,
and
a
strong
well-built
Castle
,
which
is
the
Seat
of
its
Earl
.
The
Houses
are
very
mean
,
but
the
place
hath
a
pretty
good
Trade
by
the
means
of
the
River
,
which
falling
into
the
Weser
,
Ships
of
Burden
can
come
up
into
the
Town
.
DELMENHORST
,
the
Capital
of
a
small
County
,
lying
next
to
Oldenburg
on
the
South-east
,
is
a
strong
fortified
Town
,
but
otherwise
not
considerable
.
It
stands
upon
the
River
Dilma
,
16
miles
West
from
Oldenburg
,
and
10
East
from
Bremen
.
DIEPHLOT
,
a
small
County
,
lyes
on
the
South
of
Delmenhorst
,
and
between
Munster
on
the
West
,
and
Hoye
on
the
East
.
It
is
now
subject
to
the
Duke
of
Lunenburg
.
The
chief
Town
of
the
same
name
is
seated
near
the
Lake
call'd
Dummor
,
out
of
which
the
River
Hunte
arises
,
and
passes
by
this
Town
,
which
is
distant
40
miles
from
Oldenburg
to
the
South
,
and
35
from
the
Weser
to
the
West
.
HOYE
,
a
County
on
the
Banks
of
the
Weser
,
East
of
Diepholt
,
and
South
of
Bremen
,
was
Govern'd
by
its
own
Lords
,
till
1582
,
when
the
last
Count
dying
,
it
was
parted
among
several
Princes
.
Hoye
,
the
chief
Town
,
(
a
small
place
,
but
well
Fortified
)
with
Nieuburg
,
Lavenaw
,
and
Bruchausen
,
became
subject
to
the
Duke
of
Lunenbrug
:
The
Forts
of
Soltzenow
,
Ezenburg
and
5
more
Towns
to
the
House
of
Brunswick
;
and
Freudenburg
and
Ucht
to
the
Landgrave
of
Hesse
.
MINDEN
,
the
Capital
of
a
small
Principality
:
is
a
large
rich
Hans-Town
,
standing
on
the
Weser
,
55
miles
from
Bremen
to
the
South
,
and
35
from
Osnabrug
to
the
East
.
This
Principality
was
given
to
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
at
the
Treaty
of
Munster
.
It
is
a
good
Country
,
and
produces
plenty
of
Corn
;
the
extent
of
it
is
about
25
miles
in
length
,
and
20
in
breadth
.
The
Bishoprick
of
OSNABRUCK
lyes
between
Minden
on
the
East
,
and
Munster
on
the
West
,
Diepholt
on
the
North
,
and
Ravensburg
on
the
South
,
and
in
the
middle
between
the
two
Rivers
Weser
and
Embs.
Its
extent
from
North
to
South
,
is
45
miles
,
and
from
East
to
West
25
miles
.
It
is
a
fruitful
Country
,
and
subject
to
its
Bishop
,
who
is
a
Count
of
the
Empire
.
Osnabruck
,
Osenburg
,
Osnabrugum
,
aut
Osnabrucum
,
the
Capital
,
is
subject
to
the
Bishop
,
though
call'd
a
Hans
Town
.
It
stands
upon
the
River
Hase
in
a
fruitful
Valley
,
30
miles
from
Munster
to
the
North-east
,
and
60
from
Oldenburg
to
the
South
;
it
has
a
Fort
for
its
defence
call'd
S.
Peter's
Castle
.
This
City
was
Honour'd
with
a
Treaty
of
Peace
between
the
Emperor
and
the
King
of
Sweden
,
in
the
year
1648
,
wherein
an
agreement
was
made
concerning
all
the
Affairs
of
the
Protestants
,
and
the
Bishopricks
made
alternative
,
between
the
Roman
Catholicks
and
Lutherans
,
in
favour
of
the
House
of
Brunswick
.
Iburg
,
stands
about
12
miles
South
from
the
City
,
and
is
the
place
where
the
Bishop
resides
.
TECKLENBOURG
,
a
strong
Castle
and
Fort
,
stands
about
10
miles
West
from
Osnabrug
,
and
is
the
Capital
of
a
small
County
,
formerly
under
its
own
Counts
;
now
subject
to
that
of
Benthem
.
SCAUMBERG
,
or
Schaumburg
,
an
old
Castle
on
the
top
of
a
Hill
on
the
North-side
of
the
Weser
,
45
miles
from
Hoye
to
the
South
,
and
50
from
Osnabrug
,
and
16
from
Minden
to
the
East
,
gives
name
to
a
County
of
25
miles
extent
from
North
to
South
,
and
18
from
East
to
West
,
which
lies
on
the
East
of
Minden
,
and
South
of
Hoye
;
the
River
Weser
passes
cross
it
;
besides
which
it
is
water'd
with
the
Rivers
Hannel
,
Awe
,
Caspaw
and
Exter
;
these
yield
the
Inhabitants
abundance
of
Fish
,
and
the
Country
plenty
of
Corn
,
Hay
,
Timber
and
Venison
:
Here
are
also
Quarries
of
Stone
,
which
they
send
abroad
,
and
some
Mines
of
Allum
,
Coal
,
&c.
This
County
is
subject
to
the
house
of
Lippe
.
Saxenhagen
,
or
Sassenhagen
,
a
Fort
and
Town
in
the
most
Northern
part
of
this
County
.
Buckenburg
,
the
Seat
of
the
second
Branch
of
the
House
of
Lippe
,
who
are
thence
stil'd
Counts
of
Lippe
Buckenburg
.
Oldenburg
,
on
the
banks
of
the
Weser
,
a
small
but
strong
Town
,
5
miles
from
Schaumberg
;
it
repell'd
the
Imperial
Forces
in
1633
,
but
was
taken
by
them
in
1639.
The
Counts
of
Lippe
have
a
Custom-house
here
to
receive
Duty
paid
by
all
Vessels
that
pass
this
way
.
LIPPE
,
or
Liepstadt
,
is
a
very
strong
and
well
fortified
Town
,
seated
on
the
River
Lippe
,
45
miles
from
Osnabrug
to
the
South
,
and
35
from
Munster
to
the
East
.
This
place
was
besieg'd
by
the
French
in
the
War
of
1674
,
but
defended
it self
so
well
that
they
were
forc'd
to
raise
the
Siege
.
It
is
the
Capital
of
a
County
which
lies
between
Ravensburg
to
the
North
,
and
Paderborn
to
the
South
,
a
narrow
Tract
of
Land
,
in
length
from
East
to
West
about
50
miles
,
and
in
breadth
15
or
20.
Its
Counts
are
of
a
very
ancient
Family
,
and
are
not
only
Lords
of
this
Country
,
but
of
several
other
places
in
the
Neighbourhood
.
Diethmold
,
or
Dietmelle
,
as
't
is
writ
in
the
Maps
,
30
miles
from
Lippe
to
the
North-east
,
and
25
from
Minden
to
the
South
,
is
the
place
of
Residence
of
the
Eldest
House
of
Lippe
,
but
not
considerable
on
any
other
account
.
Horn
,
an
old
Town
near
Diethmold
,
once
subject
to
Counts
of
its
own
,
now
to
the
Count
of
Lippe
.
Lemgow
,
a
rich
and
neat
Hanse-Town
on
the
River
Pega
,
7
miles
North
from
Dietmelle
,
once
subject
to
the
Bishop
of
Paderborn
,
by
whom
made
over
to
the
Counts
of
Lippe
,
on
whom
it
hath
still
some
dependence
,
but
hath
obtained
many
Privileges
.
The
Bishoprick
of
PADERBORN
is
bounded
on
the
North
with
Lippe
,
on
the
South
with
Hesse
Cassel
and
Waldeck
,
and
on
the
West
with
Munster
and
Westphalia
,
and
contains
in
it
24
Market-Towns
,
20
Castles
,
54
Parishes
,
and
16
Monasteries
,
which
are
all
subject
to
the
Bishop
.
PADERBORN
,
Paderborna
,
aut
Padrabranna
,
stands
near
the
source
of
the
River
Lippe
,
from
whence
it
is
distant
only
16
miles
to
the
South
,
30
from
Corway
,
45
from
Cassel
to
the
North-west
,
and
50
from
Munster
to
the
South-east
,
and
is
handsomly
built
and
well
fortified
.
The
Emperor
Charlemagne
made
it
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Mentz
,
and
held
a
Convention
or
Parliament
there
,
A.
C.
777.
It
was
a
free
City
,
and
one
of
the
Hanseatick
Society
;
but
the
Bishop
hath
been
Temporal
as
well
as
Spiritual
Lord
of
it
and
of
the
whole
Diocess
,
every
since
the
year
1604.
Theodore
of
Furstemburg
,
Bishop
of
Paderborn
,
built
the
adjacent
Castle
of
Neuhause
or
Nienhus
near
the
confluence
of
the
Lippe
and
the
Alme
,
A.
D.
1590
,
which
serves
as
an
Episcopal
Palace
;
he
also
founded
an
University
in
the
City
,
in
1592.
Lippesburg
,
about
5
miles
from
Paderb●rn
,
standing
on
the
edge
of
a
great
Heath
call'd
die
Senne
,
has
a
stately
Castle
belonging
to
the
Dean
and
Chapter
of
Paderborn
,
who
are
Lords
of
the
Town
.
The
River
Lippe
springs
near
this
Castle
.
Warburg
,
a
Hanse-Town
,
is
seated
in
a
fruitful
Country
on
the
River
Dymel
,
25
miles
South-east
from
Paderborn
.
Some
neighbouring
Mines
of
Iron
and
Lead
afford
this
Town
a
good
Trade
.
Between
the
Bishoprick
of
Paderborn
and
the
River
Weser
,
lies
the
Territory
of
the
Abbey
of
CORBEY
,
founded
by
the
Emperor
Lewis
I.
It
is
about
15
or
16
miles
in
length
,
and
in
it
,
besides
other
Towns
,
stands
Hoxter
,
a
fair
City
on
the
Weser
,
25
miles
North
from
Cassel
,
and
directly
West
from
Paderborn
,
which
by
the
means
of
the
River
,
is
a
place
of
good
Trade
.
Besides
this
Territory
,
the
Island
of
Rugen
in
Pomerania
was
given
to
this
Abbey
by
the
Emperor
Lotharius
,
A.
844.
And
now
having
survey'd
all
the
Countries
on
the
East
of
Westphalia
,
we
must
cross
Munster
,
and
before
we
come
to
Cleeve
and
its
Dependencies
,
view
The
Earldom
of
BENTHEM
,
which
lies
on
the
West-side
of
the
Bishoprick
of
Munster
,
stretching
out
into
the
Province
of
Overissel
,
wherewith
it
is
surrounded
on
all
the
other
sides
.
It
is
in
length
near
40
miles
and
in
breadth
about
15.
The
chief
Town
Benthem
,
stands
near
the
South-border
of
the
County
,
30
miles
North-east
from
Munster
,
36
East
from
Osnabrug
,
and
40
West
from
Deventer
.
It
is
fortified
and
has
a
Castle
,
but
is
a
place
of
no
Trade
,
being
seated
in
a
Wood
and
far
from
a
River
.
LINGEN
,
a
strong
Town
on
the
River
Embs
,
40
miles
North
from
Munster
,
is
subject
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
;
tho'
the
County
,
of
which
its
Capital
,
be
under
the
Bishop
of
Munster
.
STEINFURT
or
Borchstenford
,
is
also
a
small
County
,
lying
South
of
Benthem
,
to
whose
Earl
it
is
now
subject
,
tho'
formerly
it
had
Lords
of
its
own
.
The
chief
Town
stands
20
miles
North
from
Munster
.
The
Dutchies
of
CLEEVE
and
JULIERS
,
with
their
dependencies
the
Counties
of
MARCK
,
BERG
,
RAVENSPERG
and
RAVENSTEIN
,
lie
mostly
on
the
banks
of
the
Rhine
,
but
are
so
intermixt
with
other
Countries
,
that
it
is
difficult
to
give
the
particular
Limits
.
In
general
,
they
are
bounded
on
the
North
by
Guelderland
and
Munster
,
on
the
South
by
the
Archbishoprick
of
Trier
,
on
the
East
by
Hesse
and
Westphalia
,
and
on
the
West
by
Brabant
,
Liege
and
Limburg
.
The
principal
Rivers
here
are
the
Rhine
,
the
Roer
and
the
Lippe
;
which
two
latter
fall
into
the
Rhine
,
the
first
at
Duisburg
,
and
the
last
at
Wesel
.
The
Air
is
cold
,
but
the
Soil
is
fruitful
in
Corn
,
and
yields
some
Pasture
.
The
Right
of
succeeding
to
these
Territories
upon
the
death
of
John-William
the
last
Duke
,
without
Issue
,
in
1609.
gave
occasion
to
great
Commotions
in
Germany
;
for
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
the
Duke
of
Neuburg
,
the
Duke
of
Deux-ponts
,
the
Duke
of
Saxony
and
the
Marquess
of
Burgaw
,
having
all
married
Sisters
or
Daughters
of
the
Sisters
of
John-William
,
all
claim'd
to
succeed
.
But
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
and
the
Duke
of
Neuburg
only
,
maintain'd
their
Claim
by
Force
of
Arms
;
the
former
,
by
the
Assistance
of
the
Hollanders
,
and
the
latter
by
that
of
the
Spaniards
.
Until
,
at
length
,
an
Agreement
was
made
,
That
Juliers
and
Berg
,
with
the
small
Territory
of
Ravenstin
should
be
granted
to
the
Duke
of
Neuburg
,
and
that
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
should
for
ever
enjoy
the
Dutchy
of
Cleeve
,
and
the
Counties
of
Marck
and
Ravensperg
;
under
which
Princes
they
at
present
remain
.
The
Dutchy
of
Cleeve
is
a
Country
generally
woody
and
hilly
,
but
however
produces
divers
sorts
of
Grain
.
It
lies
on
both
sides
of
the
Rhine
,
between
Munster
on
the
East
,
Guelderland
on
the
West
,
Zutphen
on
the
North
,
and
Juliers
on
the
South
,
extending
about
40
miles
from
North
to
South
,
and
25
from
East
to
West
.
The
City
CLEEVE
,
call'd
Cleef
by
the
Germans
,
and
Clivia
aut
Clivis
in
Lat
.
which
gives
name
to
the
Country
,
(
a
very
ancient
Place
,
and
supposed
to
have
been
founded
by
the
Romans
)
stands
on
a
Hill
,
among
craggy
Cliffs
,
between
the
Rhine
and
the
Maes
,
about
12
miles
South-east
from
Nimeguen
,
70
West
from
Munster
,
and
60
North-west
from
Cologn
.
It
is
small
,
but
well
Peopled
;
near
it
are
seen
an
old
square
Tower
and
other
remains
of
Buildings
,
which
shew
it
to
have
been
formerly
much
larger
.
The
Castle
is
old
and
not
very
strong
,
but
pleasantly
seated
,
and
affords
a
delightful
Prospect
from
the
top
of
Swan-tower
.
The
private
Houses
are
but
mean
,
and
the
chief
publick
ones
are
the
great
Church
and
two
Monasteries
.
On
the
West-side
of
the
Town
is
a
very
pleasant
Park
call'd
Prince
Maurice's
,
wherein
are
many
Ponds
and
Water-works
,
above
which
is
the
high
Hill
call'd
Steenberg
,
from
whence
Utrecht
with
4
more
Cities
,
and
several
great
Towns
may
be
seen
,
through
12
Visto's
or
strait
Walks
cut
through
the
Wood
.
On
the
East
of
the
Town
stands
the
Prince's
House
,
in
which
are
many
Rarities
and
Monuments
of
Antiquity
.
Embrick
,
on
the
Eastern
banks
of
the
Rhine
,
8
miles
from
Cleeve
to
the
East
,
and
Rees
,
on
the
banks
of
the
same
River
,
about
10
miles
higher
,
are
both
well
fortified
.
Gennep
,
at
the
mouth
of
the
Nierse
,
where
it
falls
into
the
Maes
,
near
the
borders
of
Guelderland
,
10
miles
South-west
from
Cleeve
,
was
anciently
a
large
and
populous
City
,
and
well
fortified
;
but
in
the
late
Wars
its
Fortifications
were
demolished
,
and
the
Town
is
much
decreas'd
and
now
of
small
moment
,
tho'
conveniently
seated
for
Trade
.
Goch
on
the
Nierse
,
6
or
7
miles
above
Gennep
,
a
small
Town
of
no
great
Strength
nor
Traffick
.
All
these
four
,
tho'
seated
in
the
Dutchy
of
Cleeve
,
have
been
taken
from
it
at
several
times
by
the
Dutch
,
and
are
now
subject
to
them
.
Calcar
,
a
place
of
great
Strength
,
and
built
by
the
Dukes
of
Cleeve
for
a
Refuge
against
any
sudden
approach
of
an
Enemy
,
is
seated
near
the
Western
bank
of
the
Rhine
over
against
Rees
,
about
10
miles
distant
from
Cleeves
to
the
South-east
.
It
quickly
grew
populous
and
rich
by
a
Linnen-trade
which
they
managed
,
and
since
they
have
been
noted
for
making
Malt
,
which
is
now
a
great
Trade
in
this
Town
.
The
Town-house
,
S.
Nicholas
Church
and
the
Monastery
of
the
Dominicans
,
are
stately
Buildings
.
Santen
,
on
the
Western
Bank
of
the
Rhine
,
is
a
Town
of
very
great
Antiquity
,
but
not
considerable
on
any
other
account
;
it
is
said
to
be
the
place
where
the
Theban
Legion
suffer'd
Martyrdom
under
the
Emperor
Maximianus
,
and
therefore
call'd
Santen
,
Holy
.
Wesel
,
call'd
Nether-Wesel
for
distinction
,
seated
in
a
fair
Plain
on
the
Eastern
Bank
of
the
Rhine
near
the
mouth
of
the
River
Lippe
,
25
miles
distant
from
Cleeve
to
the
South-west
,
and
near
10
from
Santen
to
the
West
,
is
a
strong
,
populous
and
well-built
City
,
reckon'd
the
largest
and
best
in
this
Dutchy
.
It
is
a
Hanse-town
and
was
Imperial
,
but
exempted
by
the
Dukes
of
Cleeve
,
of
whose
Dukedom
it
was
always
a
Member
.
It
was
taken
and
plunder'd
by
the
French
in
the
late
War
,
and
the
Burghers
,
being
rich
,
they
exacted
intolerable
Contributions
from
them
.
Here
is
an
Hospital
for
decrepit
,
old
People
;
founded
by
H.
Oliver
Baers
,
and
nobly
endow'd
by
him
and
his
Son
.
Duisburg
,
a
small
City
on
the
Roer
,
which
a
little
lower
falls
into
the
Rhine
,
and
on
the
Confines
of
Cleeve
and
Bergen
,
15
miles
above
Wesel
,
35
South-west
from
Cleeve
,
15
from
Duseldorp
,
and
35
from
Cologn
to
the
North-east
.
It
was
once
an
Imperial
City
,
but
now
subject
to
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
as
Duke
of
Cleeve
,
tho'
the
Burghers
still
claim
their
former
Liberty
.
Here
were
formerly
Fairs
held
yearly
,
which
brought
great
Trade
to
the
Town
.
An
University
is
establish'd
here
by
the
D.
of
Brandenburg
,
which
was
open'd
Oct.
14.
1655.
Meurs
,
a
small
City
,
the
Capital
of
an
Earldom
,
lying
between
the
Dutchy
of
Cleeves
and
the
Archbishoprick
of
Cologn
,
belongs
to
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
to
whom
it
was
given
in
1600
,
by
the
last
Countess
;
but
is
claimed
by
the
Duke
of
Brandenburg
,
as
part
of
the
Dutchy
of
Cleeve
.
In
this
Earldom
stands
also
Orsoy
,
a
small
but
strong
Town
,
taken
from
the
Dutch
in
1634
,
by
the
Prince
of
Orange
,
and
by
the
French
in
1672
,
but
abandon'd
by
them
in
1674.
The
Dukedom
of
JULIERS
lies
between
the
Rivers
Maes
and
Rhine
,
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Spanish
Gueldre
and
Cleeve
,
on
the
South
by
Luxemburg
and
Trier
,
on
the
East
by
the
Bishoprick
of
Cologn
,
and
on
the
West
by
Liege
and
Limburg
,
extending
about
60
miles
in
length
and
30
in
breadth
.
The
Country
is
fruitful
in
Corn
,
Hay
and
Wood
,
and
yields
also
Woad
for
Dying
,
whereof
the
Inhabitants
make
great
profit
;
and
an
excellent
Breed
of
Horses
.
JULIERS
,
or
GULICK
,
as
the
Inhabitants
call
it
,
Juliacum
,
the
Capital
of
this
Dutchy
,
is
an
ancient
City
seated
on
the
River
Roer
,
at
the
distance
of
50
miles
from
Cleeve
to
the
South
,
25
from
Cologn
to
the
West
,
and
25
from
Maestricht
to
the
East
.
It
is
a
small
place
,
but
neatly
built
,
the
Houses
are
of
Brick
,
and
the
Streets
broad
and
even
:
The
Citadel
is
large
,
and
render'd
as
strong
as
the
best
Ingeneers
of
Germany
could
make
it
:
Notwithstanding
which
,
it
has
been
often
taken
in
the
present
Age
,
but
at
last
restor'd
to
the
Duke
of
Neuburg
,
according
to
the
Articles
of
the
Pyrenean
Treaty
.
Aken
or
Aquisgranum
,
call'd
AIX
LA
CHAPPELLE
by
the
French
,
anciently
a
very
considerable
Place
,
having
been
the
Seat
of
the
Emperor
Charlemaigne
,
stands
near
the
borders
of
this
Dutchy
of
Juliers
and
that
of
Limburg
;
it
is
distant
15
miles
from
Juliers
to
the
South-west
,
16
from
Maestricht
to
the
East
,
and
36
from
Cologn
to
the
West
.
It
is
an
imperial
and
free
City
,
and
a
very
large
beautiful
Place
;
and
by
reason
of
the
hot
Baths
in
it
which
cause
a
great
Resort
thither
,
very
populous
and
rich
.
The
chief
publick
Buildings
are
,
the
Collegiat
Church
and
the
Senate-house
,
the
former
was
built
by
Charles
the
Great
,
who
was
buried
in
it
,
and
is
a
very
curious
piece
of
Architecture
of
the
Gothick
Order
:
At
the
West-end
stands
a
high
Steeple
with
several
Pyramids
,
and
in
the
middle
a
Cupola
,
the
inside
whereof
is
adorn'd
with
a
great
number
of
Pillars
of
white
Marble
and
of
Brass
gilt
;
also
many
gilded
Statues
,
Brass-doors
and
Partitions
;
and
the
Roof
is
beautified
with
Mosaick
Work
.
In
this
Church
are
kept
many
Relicks
,
which
are
visited
by
zealous
Pilgrims
.
The
Senate-house
is
a
very
stately
Fabrick
,
built
A.D.
1533
,
and
adorn'd
with
the
Statues
of
all
the
Emperors
;
the
upper
Story
of
it
is
only
one
Room
of
162
foot
in
length
and
60
in
breadth
,
wherein
the
Emperors
used
to
receive
their
first
Crown
of
Iron
,
and
entertain
the
Electors
and
others
that
attended
at
their
Coronations
,
The
Baths
are
much
esteem'd
for
their
Virtue
in
curing
Chronical
Distempers
.
It
is
said
they
were
first
found
out
by
Serenius
Granius
,
Lieutenant
General
of
Gallia
Belgica
,
about
the
year
of
Christ
,
53
,
who
beautified
them
and
built
a
Palace
near
'
em
.
But
the
Place
being
afterwards
destroy'd
by
Attila
,
the
Baths
lay
buried
till
the
time
of
Charles
the
Great
,
whose
Horse
(
as
he
was
Hunting
here
)
accidentally
strook
his
Foot
into
one
of
them
,
which
the
Emperor
observing
,
caused
them
to
be
search'd
out
and
rebuilt
,
and
being
much
taken
with
the
pleasure
of
the
place
,
built
a
Royal
Palace
and
a
large
Town
.
Of
these
Baths
there
are
Three
,
the
chief
of
which
is
the
very
same
that
Charles
the
Great
used
often
with
his
Sons
and
Attendants
,
to
swim
in
;
it
is
now
divided
into
many
Apartments
:
These
Waters
rise
so
hot
,
that
they
cool
them
in
12
Houses
before
they
are
used
.
There
are
also
others
in
the
other
part
of
the
Town
,
but
not
so
hot
.
Near
the
Town
are
many
Mines
of
Lead
,
Sulphur
,
Vitriol
and
Iron
,
&c.
In
1656
a
great
Fire
happen'd
in
this
City
,
which
burnt
down
20
Churches
and
5000
Dwellings
,
(
by
which
the
bigness
of
this
Town
may
be
guess'd
at
)
which
were
quickly
rebuilt
,
and
it
is
now
more
large
and
beautiful
.
In
1668
,
a
Treaty
was
held
here
,
and
Peace
concluded
betwixt
the
Kings
of
France
and
Spain
.
In
the
Village
Borsel
or
Porsetum
,
about
a
Furlong
South
from
Aken
,
are
many
other
hot
Springs
,
which
are
by
Pipes
convey'd
into
28
Baths
;
these
Waters
are
even
hotter
than
those
at
Aken
.
Duren
on
the
River
Roer
,
15
miles
East
from
Aix
la
Chappelle
,
and
10
South
from
Juliers
,
is
a
small
City
,
the
Building
neat
and
uniform
,
with
a
clear
Stream
of
Water
running
in
the
middle
.
It
was
made
Imperial
by
Charles
IV
.
and
burnt
by
Charles
V.
but
being
rebuilt
,
is
now
subject
to
the
Duke
of
Neuburg
.
This
place
pretends
to
great
Antiquity
,
and
according
to
Cluverius
,
it
was
the
ancient
Marcodurum
.
DUSELDORP
,
Dusseldorpium
,
is
a
very
pleasant
and
well
fortified
City
on
the
banks
of
the
Rhine
,
5
miles
below
Cologn
to
the
North
,
and
as
many
from
Juliers
to
the
North-east
.
It
is
the
Metropolis
of
the
Dukedom
of
BERG
,
which
is
extended
along
the
banks
of
the
Rhine
,
about
50
miles
in
length
,
and
in
breadth
about
20
,
being
craggy
and
mountainous
,
and
therefore
not
very
full
of
Inhabitants
.
The
City
is
pleasantly
seated
upon
the
Rhine
,
and
adorn'd
with
some
publick
Buildings
,
which
make
a
delicate
shew
to
the
River
,
especially
the
Palace
of
the
Duke
of
Neuburg
who
commonly
resides
here
.
It
was
anciently
an
Imperial
City
,
and
a
place
of
much
Traffick
,
and
the
yearly
Fairs
,
since
remov'd
to
Francfurt
,
were
kept
in
it
.
DORTMOND
,
Tremonia
aut
Dormania
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Empser
,
almost
in
the
midst
between
those
of
the
Lippe
and
the
Roer
,
scarcely
distant
6
miles
from
both
,
as
also
from
the
Territories
of
the
Bishoprick
of
Munster
to
the
South
;
30
from
the
City
of
Munster
,
26
from
Soest
to
the
West
,
and
35
from
Duseldorp
to
the
North-east
.
It
is
a
free
Imperial
City
,
and
one
of
the
Hanse-Towns
under
the
Protection
of
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
;
and
is
a
small
,
but
rich
and
populous
Place
.
It
is
the
Metropolis
of
the
County
of
MARK
,
a
Country
of
about
40
miles
in
length
and
20
in
breadth
,
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Rivers
Empser
and
Lippe
,
which
part
it
from
Munster
,
on
the
West
and
South
by
the
Dutchy
of
Bergen
,
and
on
the
East
by
Westphalia
.
The
Soil
is
like
that
of
Westphalia
,
not
very
fruitful
.
Unna
,
a
poor
Hanse-Town
,
but
formerly
a
place
of
good
Trade
,
till
the
War
between
the
Dukes
of
Brandenburg
and
Neuburg
for
the
Right
of
these
Countries
,
disturb'd
and
spoil'd
it
,
stands
10
miles
from
Dortmund
to
the
East
.
Ham
,
another
poor
Hanse-Town
,
stands
10
miles
from
Unna
to
the
North
,
on
the
Road
between
Holland
and
Brandenburg
.
The
Country
about
it
yields
store
of
Corn
,
Hemp
and
Flax
.
Soest
,
a
large
and
populous
City
,
seated
in
the
neck
of
Land
belonging
to
this
County
that
shoots
into
Westphalia
,
30
miles
from
Dortmund
to
the
East
,
and
as
many
from
Munster
to
the
South
.
It
is
esteem'd
the
largest
City
in
Westphalia
,
except
Munster
,
fortified
with
a
double
Wall
,
whereon
are
30
Watch-Towers
,
and
a
large
deep
Ditch
.
In
it
are
10
Parishes
and
many
Churches
,
one
of
which
is
a
Collegiate
,
and
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Archbishop
of
Cologn
.
This
City
has
many
Privileges
and
a
Court
of
Judicature
within
it self
,
but
under
the
Protection
of
the
Elector
of
Brandenburg
,
to
whom
this
County
is
subject
.
RAVENSBURG
,
Ravensberga
,
a
small
Town
,
the
Principal
of
a
County
,
lying
between
Osnab●ug
,
Minden
,
Munster
and
Lippe
,
stands
on
a
Hill
at
the
distance
of
16
miles
from
Osnabrug
to
the
South
,
about
25
from
Paderborn
to
the
North-west
,
and
30
from
Munster
to
the
East
toward
Minden
.
RAVESTEIN
,
Ravasteinum
,
is
a
small
Town
seated
on
the
River
Maes
,
20
miles
West
from
Cleeve
,
20
North-east
from
Bolduc
,
and
15
South-west
from
Nimeguen
;
the
Capital
of
a
small
Territory
bearing
the
Title
of
a
Lordship
,
appertaining
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
D.
of
Neuburg
,
but
is
at
present
possess'd
by
the
Hollanders
.
The
Bishoprick
of
Liege
is
usually
reckon'd
part
of
this
Circle
,
but
being
spoken
of
already
in
the
Description
of
the
Netherlands
,
it
must
be
omitted
here
.
Scandinavia
,
or
Scandia
,
COMPREHENDING
The
Three
Kingdoms
of
Denmark
,
Norway
and
Sweden
.
map of Scandinavia
SCANDINAVIA
or
the
Kingdoms
of
DENMARK
,
SUEDEN
,
NORWAY
&
LAPLAND
.
THe
name
of
Scandinavia
,
mention'd
by
Pliny
and
Solinus
,
is
not
at
present
very
much
us'd
;
but
that
of
Scandia
being
more
modern
,
is
probably
taken
from
the
small
Province
of
Scania
or
Schonen
,
which
is
situated
on
the
Baltick
Sea
and
forms
part
of
Sweden
,
or
(
according
to
the
opinion
of
others
)
from
the
ancient
Inhabitants
,
who
styl'd
themselves
Schaanau
or
Shane
,
altho'
Junius
would
willingly
derive
its
Original
from
the
old
Dutch
Word
Schans
,
signifying
a
Fortress
;
the
situation
of
the
Country
being
naturally
well
fenc'd
.
However
,
it
is
a
large
Peninsula
,
and
comprehends
the
Kingdoms
call'd
the
Northern
in
general
,
extending
it self
from
the
55.
D.
to
the
72.
D.
of
Northern
Latitude
,
and
from
the
25.
D.
to
the
65.
of
Longitude
;
for
the
space
of
about
330
Leagues
from
South
to
North
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
the
Coasts
of
Prussia
as
far
as
the
Northern
Cape
,
and
352
in
length
,
viz.
from
the
most
Western
shores
of
Norway
,
to
the
Frontiers
of
Onega
and
Karapol
.
It
is
bounded
on
the
North
and
West
by
the
vast
Ocean
,
on
the
South
by
the
Baltick
Sea
,
and
on
the
East
by
part
of
Moscovy
and
the
Bay
of
Finland
.
This
Peninsula
was
heretofore
inhabited
by
divers
sorts
of
People
,
viz.
the
Sucones
or
Sueci
,
Rueni
,
Northmanni
,
&c.
having
produced
above
30
potent
Nations
,
that
in
process
of
time
settled
their
Colonies
almost
throughout
all
the
Regions
of
the
habitable
World
.
Indeed
its
Situation
partly
in
the
Temperate
Zone
,
and
partly
in
the
Frozen
,
renders
the
Air
cold
for
a
long
while
,
so
that
the
Soil
brings
forth
very
little
Corn
,
neither
does
it
ripen
kindly
in
these
Parts
,
more
especially
beyond
the
Polar
Circle
;
to
which
Barrenness
the
great
number
of
Lakes
,
Forests
and
Mountains
,
do
very
much
contribute
;
the
greatest
Fertility
consisting
in
Woods
,
Pastures
,
and
Copper-Mines
,
besides
some
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
but
these
last
have
not
long
continu'd
.
This
whole
vast
Continent
is
at
present
divided
into
three
Kingdoms
,
viz.
of
Denmark
,
Norway
and
Sweden
;
the
first
of
these
is
separated
by
the
Sea
,
but
the
two
others
,
which
are
likewise
parted
by
a
long
Chain
of
Mountains
stretch'd
forth
from
South
to
North
,
and
many
small
Lakes
,
lie
between
the
great
Lake
Vener
and
the
River
Glama
.
The
King
of
Sweden
possesses
the
middle
of
the
Country
,
and
the
Eastern
part
on
the
Coasts
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
together
with
the
Gulphs
of
Bothnia
and
Finland
.
The
King
of
Denmark
is
in
like
manner
Sovereign
Lord
of
the
more
Western
and
Northern
parts
,
that
is
to
say
,
of
Denmark
and
Norway
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
DENMARK
,
Dania
.
DENMARK
,
so
call'd
,
as
it
were
the
Country
of
the
Danes
,
is
a
large
and
populous
Kingdom
;
but
from
whence
these
Danes
had
their
Original
,
is
not
sufficiently
known
to
themselves
;
for
some
deduce
it
from
one
Dan
,
the
Son
of
Humblus
,
a
Prince
of
these
Parts
,
who
flourish'd
many
years
before
the
Nativity
of
Jesus
Christ
;
and
others
give
it
out
that
they
proceeded
from
the
Dahi
,
a
certain
People
of
Asia
,
altho'
Dudo
de
St.
Quintin
,
an
ancient
Writer
(
as
we
are
inform'd
by
the
Learned
Mr.
Camden
)
affirms
that
they
came
out
of
Scandia
,
and
took
Possession
of
the
old
Seats
of
the
Cimbri
;
not
to
mention
that
some
Persons
absurdly
derive
the
names
of
Dane
and
Denmark
from
Dan
the
Son
of
Jacob
,
and
others
from
the
Danai
in
Greece
.
But
one
may
probably
conjecture
,
that
the
Danes
or
Dansche
took
their
denomination
from
the
great
opinion
they
had
of
their
own
Integrity
,
since
the
word
Danneman
is
commonly
apply'd
by
them
,
even
at
this
day
,
to
signifie
an
Upright
or
Honest
Man
:
It
having
been
an
usual
Custom
among
the
Northern
Nations
to
appropriate
Names
to
themselves
,
as
well
from
their
Piety
and
Civil
Virtues
,
as
from
their
Valour
and
Skill
in
Martial
Discipline
.
This
Kingdom
consists
chiefly
in
the
Peninsula
of
Jutland
,
encompass'd
with
the
Islands
of
Seeland
,
Funen
,
Laland
,
Falster
,
and
some
others
of
less
note
;
to
which
may
be
added
the
Provinces
of
Schonen
,
Halland
and
Bleking
,
on
the
other
side
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
that
formerly
appertain'd
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Danes
,
but
were
entirely
annex'd
to
the
Crown
of
Sweden
by
vertue
of
a
Treaty
of
Peace
concluded
at
Roschild
,
between
Frederick
III
.
King
of
Denmark
,
and
Charles
Gustavus
King
of
Swedeland
A.
D.
1658.
which
Treaty
was
confirm'd
by
another
and
ratified
at
Copenhagen
in
1660.
So
that
Denmark
is
at
present
bounded
on
all
sides
by
the
Sea
,
except
one
small
Neck
of
Land
where
it
joins
to
Holstein
,
the
German
Ocean
washing
it
on
the
West
and
North-West
;
the
entrance
into
the
Baltick
Sea
,
call'd
the
Categate
on
the
North
and
North-East
;
the
Baltick
on
the
East
,
and
the
River
Eyder
on
the
South
.
Thus
the
utmost
extent
of
the
whole
Kingdom
from
South
to
North
contains
about
74
Leagues
from
the
55
deg
.
to
the
59
deg
.
45
min.
of
Northern
Latitude
,
and
53
Leagues
from
the
28
deg
.
15
min.
to
the
34
deg
.
30
min.
of
Longitude
,
viz.
from
the
Western
Coasts
of
Ripen
to
Copenhagen
.
The
King
of
Denmark
in
like
manner
possesses
some
other
Territories
,
viz.
the
Counties
of
Oldenburg
and
Delmenhorst
in
Germany
;
the
Isles
of
Feroe
and
Iseland
in
the
Northern
Ocean
;
the
Fort
of
Christiansburg
on
the
Coasts
of
Guinea
,
another
nam'd
Tranquebar
in
the
East-Indies
,
and
St.
Thomas
one
of
the
Caribbee
Islands
in
the
West-Indies
,
not
to
mention
a
Toll
at
Elfleet
on
the
River
Weser
.
The
Air
,
though
very
cold
,
is
not
so
sharp
as
in
some
places
of
Germany
,
that
are
situated
much
more
to
the
South
,
nor
so
excessive
hot
in
Summer
;
so
that
this
moderate
Temperature
may
perhaps
be
chiefly
attributed
to
the
Sea
flowing
round
about
,
which
(
as
in
England
)
refreshes
the
Inhabitants
with
gentle
Breezes
during
the
Summer
Season
,
and
keeps
them
warm
in
Winter
.
The
Soil
,
tho'
in
most
places
naturally
barren
,
and
beset
with
Woods
and
Mountains
,
hath
been
of
late
much
improv'd
by
the
Industry
of
the
Husband-man
,
and
even
render'd
very
fruitful
,
insomuch
that
it
brings
forth
a
great
deal
of
Corn
and
Hay
,
and
abounds
in
rich
Pastures
,
wherein
are
fed
many
Herds
of
excellent
Horses
,
and
so
vast
a
Multitude
of
Kine
,
that
(
if
we
may
give
credit
to
Oldenburgh's
report
)
some
Years
40000
,
others
100000
Cows
and
Oxen
are
transported
hence
into
the
Low-Countries
.
Stags
,
Elks
and
Swine
,
are
also
very
common
here
,
together
with
variety
of
other
sorts
of
Game
.
Indeed
the
Rivers
are
not
very
considerable
,
but
there
is
a
spacious
Lake
in
North-Jutland
,
and
the
Coasts
round
about
yield
great
quantities
of
Fish
,
more
especially
Herrings
,
Plaice
,
Whiting
,
Cod
,
&c.
The
Groves
and
Meadows
afford
a
most
delightful
Prospect
,
and
the
Forests
are
well
stockt
with
all
sorts
of
Venison
;
so
that
every
Hunting
Season
,
which
usually
happens
in
the
Month
of
August
,
above
1600
Bucks
are
brought
into
the
Royal
Palaces
,
besides
an
infinite
number
of
Hares
,
Conies
,
Wild-Boars
,
&c.
But
among
many
other
kinds
of
Fowl
,
no
other
Nation
in
Europe
has
such
plenty
of
Woodcocks
,
which
were
esteemed
by
the
ancient
Romans
as
a
great
Rarity
.
It
is
certain
,
that
the
Danes
were
heretofore
a
very
Warlike
People
,
and
that
most
of
the
Northern
Nations
have
been
constrain'd
at
some
time
or
other
to
submit
to
the
force
of
their
Arms
;
not
to
mention
that
the
Cimbrians
,
the
ancient
Inhabitants
of
Denmark
,
often
resolutely
attack'd
the
Roman
Troops
,
and
that
the
Galli-Senones
,
who
(
as
it
is
very
probable
)
came
out
of
the
same
Country
to
storm
the
City
of
Rome
it self
,
and
besieg'd
the
Citizens
in
the
Capitol
.
Indeed
we
find
it
recorded
in
History
,
that
the
Danes
subdu'd
Ireland
eight
several
times
,
that
the
English
were
ten
times
defeated
by
them
,
and
for
many
Years
subject
to
their
Kings
,
and
that
Scotland
became
Tributary
to
them
for
a
while
;
Saxony
in
like
manner
paid
to
Frotho
,
Siward
,
and
other
Danish
Monarchs
,
and
the
Swedes
were
more
than
once
compell'd
to
bear
the
same
Yoke
,
until
at
last
they
found
means
to
shake
it
off
.
Some
are
of
opinion
,
that
the
Danes
from
their
large
size
obtain'd
the
peculiar
name
of
Geats
,
which
was
afterwards
corrupted
into
Getae
,
Jutae
,
&c.
however
,
altho'
their
Stature
be
now
much
diminish'd
by
the
Luxury
of
later
Ages
,
nevertheless
they
seem
still
to
be
more
robust
and
long-liv'd
,
than
most
of
their
Neighbours
:
They
are
also
very
Industrious
,
Frugal
and
Courteous
to
Strangers
,
entertaining
them
with
all
manner
of
Civility
;
but
they
are
naturally
somewhat
Haughty
,
Self-conceited
and
ready
to
pick
a
Quarrel
on
the
least
apprehension
of
an
Affront
.
The
ancient
Drink
of
the
Country
was
Oel
,
i
.
e
.
Ale
or
Beer
made
of
Malt
and
Water
,
and
still
continues
in
ordinary
use
among
the
Inhabitants
;
but
when
the
Juice
of
the
Grape
was
recommended
to
them
by
their
Neighbours
the
Germans
,
they
soon
learnt
to
Carouse
,
and
imitated
their
Teachers
in
large
Draughts
and
plentiful
Meals
.
As
for
the
ordinary
Danish
LANGUAGE
,
it
is
no
other
than
a
corrupted
Dutch
,
and
without
doubt
proceeds
from
the
same
Source
as
the
Swedish
,
Norwegian
,
German
,
Flandrian
,
and
English
,
all
which
ought
to
be
esteem'd
as
so
many
distinct
Dialects
of
one
and
the
same
Mother-Tongue
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
old
Teutonick
,
as
it
will
plainly
appear
to
any
Man
that
shall
take
the
pains
to
peruse
and
compare
the
Lord's
Prayer
in
all
these
Languages
;
altho'
indeed
no
account
can
be
given
of
the
several
Jargons
spoken
in
Lapland
,
Finland
,
and
some
other
Countries
lying
to
the
North-East
of
Sweden
and
Denmark
,
the
Gibberish
of
these
People
being
as
unintelligible
to
the
civiliz'd
Danes
,
as
Chaldaick
,
Arabick
,
or
any
other
Oriental
Language
.
However
the
High-Dutch
,
or
German-Tongue
will
perhaps
within
a
little
while
become
familiar
to
all
the
Danes
,
since
it
is
already
ordinarily
spoken
,
not
only
in
Copenhagen
,
but
also
in
most
of
the
chief
trading
Cities
of
Denmark
.
The
Roman
Catholick
RELIGION
has
been
predominant
for
a
long
time
in
Denmark
,
until
the
Corruptions
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
growing
intolerable
in
this
as
well
as
the
other
Northern
Countries
,
Frederick
I.
Duke
of
Holstein
,
being
elected
King
after
the
deposing
of
Christian
II
.
his
Nephew
,
began
to
introduce
the
Augsburg
Confession
into
all
the
Churches
of
his
Dominions
,
and
made
a
League
with
the
Protestant
Princes
of
Germany
.
Afterward
this
Reformation
was
carry'd
on
by
his
Son
Christian
III
.
who
granted
a
Permission
to
the
English
and
Hollanders
to
build
divers
Churches
.
His
Successors
have
likewise
ever
since
caus'd
the
Lutheran
Doctrine
to
be
every
where
establish'd
throughout
the
whole
Kingdom
,
so
that
scarce
any
other
Religion
is
profess'd
here
at
this
day
,
except
that
of
the
Calvinists
,
who
have
a
French
Church
at
Copenhagen
set
up
by
the
Queen
,
besides
a
Popish
Chappel
at
Gluckstadt
,
permitted
about
Ten
Years
ago
to
a
few
Roman
Catholick
Families
in
those
parts
;
Together
with
certain
Chappels
built
for
Calvinists
.
Independants
,
Anabaptists
,
&c.
at
Altena
near
Hamburg
.
The
Kingdom
of
Denmark
was
at
first
Elective
,
yet
so
that
the
King's
eldest
Son
was
usually
chosen
by
the
Senators
,
and
from
that
time
styl'd
the
Prince
;
the
other
younger
Sons
enjoying
the
Titles
of
Dukes
and
Heirs
of
Norway
.
This
Ceremony
was
heretofore
perform'd
after
a
very
solemn
manner
;
for
the
Senators
being
assembled
in
some
convenient
Place
in
the
Fields
,
seated
themselves
in
a
Circle
on
so
many
great
Stones
,
(
to
denote
as
it
were
the
firmness
of
the
Election
)
and
there
gave
their
Votes
;
whereupon
the
new
elected
Prince
was
plac'd
in
the
middle
on
a
Stone
of
a
larger
size
than
the
rest
,
and
immediately
saluted
King
with
joyful
Acclamations
.
Indeed
such
a
row
of
Stones
still
remains
in
Sealand
,
and
is
well
known
by
the
name
of
Kongstolen
,
or
the
King's
Seat
.
There
are
also
some
Monuments
in
England
of
the
like
nature
,
particularly
that
of
Biscow-Woun
near
St.
Burien's
in
Cornwall
,
which
the
Learned
Mr.
Camden
imagines
to
have
been
some
Trophy
erected
by
the
Romans
under
the
later
Emperors
,
or
else
by
Athelstan
the
Saxon
,
when
he
subdu'd
these
parts
.
But
Wormius
(
perhaps
with
greater
probability
)
conjectures
that
some
Danish
or
Saxon
Monarch
was
elected
in
this
place
by
his
Attendants
.
However
the
Danes
of
later
years
have
follow'd
the
Customs
of
other
Countries
in
their
Elections
,
until
they
made
the
Succession
to
the
Crown
of
Denmark
Hereditary
.
A.
D.
1660
,
in
favour
of
the
Family
of
Frederick
III
.
who
vigorously
repulsed
the
Swedish
Forces
that
had
besieg'd
Copenhagen
;
insomuch
that
the
Monarchy
is
now
become
altogether
absolute
,
altho'
the
Noblemen
as
yet
retain
a
very
great
Authority
.
Thus
the
present
King
Christian
V.
was
proclaim'd
the
very
same
Night
his
Father
dy'd
,
without
any
previous
Election
or
Consultation
held
by
the
Nobility
.
The
Rites
of
Coronation
are
usually
celebrated
at
Copenhagen
in
St.
Mary's
Church
,
and
the
King
is
Anointed
by
the
Bishop
of
Roschild
.
The
Administration
of
JUSTICE
is
perform'd
in
four
different
Tribunals
;
the
first
of
these
is
the
Byfoght's
Court
in
Cities
and
Towns
,
whereto
answers
that
of
the
Herredsfougdt
in
the
Country
;
from
whence
lies
an
Appeal
to
the
Landstag
,
or
general
Head-Court
of
the
Province
.
But
the
fourth
and
Supreme
Court
call'd
the
High-right
,
where
the
King
himself
sometimes
sits
in
Person
,
is
held
at
Copenhagen
;
and
always
consists
of
the
principal
Nobility
of
the
Kingdom
.
In
matters
relating
to
the
Royal
Revenue
,
there
is
also
establish'd
a
Rent-Chamber
,
which
somewhat
resembles
our
Court
of
Exchequer
,
besides
the
Court
of
Chancery
,
and
that
of
the
Admiralty
for
Maritime
Affairs
.
But
it
is
very
remarkable
,
that
altho'
some
Causes
should
happen
to
pass
thro'
all
these
Courts
,
nevertheless
they
may
be
soon
try'd
and
determin'd
,
no
Suit
of
whatsoever
Importance
remaining
in
suspence
longer
than
a
Year
and
a
Month
;
since
the
Danes
are
altogether
averse
from
unprofitable
Formalities
.
They
have
their
peculiar
Statutes
,
or
forms
of
Law
,
which
are
grounded
upon
Equity
,
and
contain'd
in
one
entire
Quarto
Volume
,
Written
in
the
Vulgar-Tongue
of
the
Country
,
with
so
much
Plainness
and
Perspicuity
,
that
any
Man
may
easily
understand
his
own
Cause
,
and
even
plead
it
too
(
if
he
thinks
fit
)
without
the
assistance
of
Council
,
Attorneys
or
Advocates
.
The
Judges
of
the
two
first
Courts
are
constituted
by
the
King's
Letters
Patents
,
durante
beneplacito
,
and
their
Salaries
,
which
are
not
very
great
,
do
not
consist
in
Fees
,
but
are
paid
out
of
the
Exchequer
:
They
are
also
punishable
for
any
Misdemeanor
committed
,
so
that
whensoever
one
of
them
acts
in
any
wise
unjustly
,
or
wilfully
deviates
from
the
positive
Law
,
he
forfeits
one
Moiety
of
his
Estate
,
part
whereof
is
adjudged
to
the
King's
Exchequer
,
and
part
to
the
use
of
the
injur'd
Party
.
The
King
of
Denmark
has
a
considerable
REVENUE
arising
from
a
Toll
impos'd
on
all
Merchants
Ships
,
excepting
those
of
the
Swedes
,
that
daily
pass
through
the
Straight
of
the
Sound
,
which
before
the
last
War
with
Sweden
came
to
143000
Rix
Dollars
per
Annum
,
but
of
late
Years
has
not
amounted
to
much
more
than
65000
,
besides
a
Revenue
of
800000
Rix-Dollars
from
Norway
;
the
Taxes
and
Impositions
of
his
Subjects
,
and
the
Rents
of
his
own
Estate
,
Crown-Lands
,
Confiscations
,
&c.
All
the
Danish
Nobility
derive
their
Pedigrees
from
a
long
Series
of
Ancestors
,
and
every
Family
has
for
many
Ages
retain'd
a
single
Coat
of
Arms
,
as
judging
it
derogatory
from
its
Antiquity
to
change
or
quarter
it
with
any
other
,
neither
are
they
distinguish'd
by
the
Titles
of
Dukes
,
Marquesses
,
Earls
,
or
Barons
,
as
in
other
Countries
of
Europe
.
There
are
some
Noble
Families
even
at
this
day
,
particularly
that
of
Wren
,
whose
Predecessors
were
present
at
the
concluding
of
a
Treaty
of
Peace
between
the
Emperor
Charles
the
Great
,
and
Hemming
King
of
Denmark
on
the
River
Eydor
.
All
the
Goods
and
Chattels
of
a
Noble-man
,
upon
his
Decease
,
are
equally
divided
among
his
Sons
,
and
Daughters
likewise
by
a
peculiar
Privilege
are
admitted
to
a
third
part
of
the
Inheritance
,
but
the
Castles
and
Fortresses
always
devolve
on
the
Male-Heirs
.
It
is
also
ordain'd
by
the
Laws
of
the
Realm
,
that
the
King
shall
not
buy
any
immoveable
Goods
belonging
to
the
Nobility
,
to
prevent
Dissensions
that
may
arise
between
them
,
altho'
they
may
make
an
Exchange
one
with
another
.
Neither
are
the
Noblemen
allow'd
to
purchase
any
Crown
Lands
or
Estates
appertaining
to
the
King's
Tenants
.
Altho'
the
Nobility
of
Denmark
in
general
do
not
accept
of
any
distinct
honourable
Titles
,
nevertheless
many
of
them
are
created
Knights
upon
some
notable
piece
of
Service
done
their
King
or
Country
.
These
Knights
are
commonly
call'd
Ridders
,
i
.
e
.
Riders
,
(
Equites
)
and
their
Off-spring
have
the
Title
of
Ridders
Men's
Men
.
The
most
noble
Order
of
Knighthood
in
these
parts
,
is
that
of
the
Elephant
,
and
this
Honour
has
been
most
commonly
conferr'd
by
the
Kings
,
on
the
day
of
their
Coronation
,
upon
the
Nobles
,
Senators
,
and
other
Illustrious
Personages
of
the
Kingdom
.
It
is
not
certainly
known
when
this
Order
was
instituted
,
altho'
Avo
Bilde
Bishop
of
Arhusen
,
sometime
Chancellor
to
King
John
,
in
his
Letter
written
A.
D.
1537.
to
John
Fris
Chancellor
to
King
Christian
III
.
declares
that
Pope
Sixtus
IV
.
among
other
Honours
,
first
invested
King
Christian
I.
with
the
same
Order
,
in
memory
of
our
Saviour's
Passion
;
but
others
affirm
the
Badge
to
be
purely
Military
,
and
that
it
was
given
long
before
as
an
Incitement
to
the
Danish
Princes
,
who
undertook
to
defend
the
Christian
Religion
against
the
Moors
,
Africans
,
and
other
Infidels
.
The
Knights
formerly
wore
a
Collar
of
Gold
emboss'd
with
Elephants
and
Crosses
;
at
which
hung
the
Picture
of
the
Virgin
Mary
to
the
middle
,
holding
Christ
in
her
Arms
,
and
surrounded
with
a
Glory
of
Sun-Beams
,
but
at
present
they
only
wear
a
blew
Ribbon
,
at
which
hangs
an
Elephant
enamell'd
white
,
and
adorn'd
with
five
large
Diamonds
set
in
the
middle
.
There
is
also
another
Order
of
Knighthood
,
commonly
call'd
the
Danebroge
,
which
was
founded
by
Waldemar
I.
in
memory
of
a
signal
Victory
he
had
obtain'd
over
the
Lieflanders
,
by
the
means
(
as
it
is
suppos'd
)
of
a
Standard
that
fell
from
Heaven
displaying
a
White
Cross
in
a
Bloody
Flag
,
and
inspir'd
new
Courage
in
his
Army
after
they
had
lost
the
Royal
Banner
,
and
began
to
give
ground
.
The
present
King
Christian
V.
reviv'd
this
antiquated
Order
in
the
Year
1672
,
and
enjoyn'd
the
Knights
to
bear
a
White
enamell'd
Cross
edg'd
round
with
Red
,
and
hung
in
a
String
of
the
same
Colour
reaching
from
the
right
Shoulder
to
the
left
Side
.
Thomas
Bartholinus
has
given
a
large
Account
of
its
first
Original
,
Progress
,
Restauration
,
&c.
The
whole
Kingdom
of
Denmark
may
be
divided
into
the
Territories
of
the
Continent
,
and
those
that
are
encompass'd
with
the
Sea
:
The
former
contain
the
Peninsula
of
Jutland
,
which
was
heretofore
call'd
Chersonesus
Cimbrica
,
and
is
distinguish'd
into
the
Southern
and
Northern
Provinces
.
South-Jutland
,
or
the
Dutchy
of
Sleswick
,
extends
it self
from
the
River
of
Schorburg
,
which
separates
it
from
North-Jutland
to
the
Dutchy
of
Holstein
.
This
Country
affords
good
Pasture
,
and
brings
forth
abundance
of
Corn
:
North-Jutland
is
stretch'd
forth
from
the
banks
of
the
same
River
of
Schorburg
,
as
far
as
Cape
Scagen
,
yielding
Fodder
to
innumerable
Herds
of
Oxen
and
Horses
,
and
consisting
in
four
Diocesses
,
viz.
Those
of
Ripen
,
Arhusen
,
Wiburg
and
Alburg
:
Within
the
Maritime
Territories
are
comprehended
many
Islands
,
the
chief
whereof
are
Sealand
,
Funen
,
Alsen
,
Arr
,
Toiling
,
Langeland
,
Laland
,
Falster
,
Mon
and
Bornholm
.
South-Jutland
divided
into
Two
Parts
.
-
The
Dutchy
of
Holstein
divided
into
four
Territories
,
viz.
-
1.
Holstein
,
properly
so
call'd
,
wherein
are
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Kiel
,
Cap.
-
Wilster
,
-
Nieumunster
,
-
Rensburg
.
-
2.
Ditmarsh
,
in
which
are
;
-
Meldorp
,
-
Londen
,
-
Heyden
,
-
Westinburgen
,
-
3.
Stormar
,
in
which
are
;
-
Gluckstadt
,
-
Kremp
,
-
Bramsted
,
-
Pinnemberg
.
-
Bredenberg
,
-
4.
Wagerland
,
in
which
are
;
-
Segeberg
,
-
Ploen
,
-
Oldeslo
,
-
Lutkemburg
,
-
Oldenburg
,
-
The
Dutchy
of
Sleswick
divided
into
sixteen
Parts
,
viz.
-
13.
Bailliages
.
-
Sleswick
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
1.
Hadersleben
,
-
2.
Tonderen
,
-
3.
Appenrade
,
-
4.
Flensburg
,
-
5.
Sonderburg
,
-
6.
Nordburg
,
-
7.
Glucksburg
,
or
Ruthkloster
,
-
8.
Sundewit
,
-
9.
Gottorp
,
-
10.
Husem
,
-
11.
Huten
,
-
12.
Witensee
,
-
13.
Merkier
,
-
Ekelford
,
-
Frederickstadt
,
-
3.
Territories
.
-
1.
The
Destrict
of
Eyderstede
.
-
2.
The
Territory
of
Christi
,
or
Preys
.
-
3.
The
Cloyster
of
Lhom
.
-
North-Jutland
divided
into
four
Diocesses
.
-
1.
The
Diocess
of
Ripen
.
-
Ripen
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Kolding
,
-
Weel
.
-
Rincoping
,
-
Henneberg
,
-
Lemwick
,
-
2.
The
Diocess
of
Arhusen
.
-
Arhusen
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Hobro
,
-
Ebelto
,
-
Horsen
,
-
Grinna
,
-
Underup
,
-
Mariacker
,
-
3.
The
Diocess
of
Wiburg
.
-
Wiburg
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Leby
,
-
Lembick
,
-
Wegerby
,
-
Holstebro
,
-
4.
The
Diocess
of
Alburg
,
in
which
are
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Alburg
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Hals
,
-
Gistadt
,
-
Hirring
,
-
Scawen
,
-
Nicoping
,
-
5.
The
Territory
of
Wensyssel
.
-
Wensyssel
,
-
Scagen
,
-
Huggerby
,
-
The
Maritime
Territories
;
Or
Seventeen
principal
Islands
.
-
1.
Sealand
,
in
which
are
these
chief
Towns
,
viz.
-
Copenhagen
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Roschild
,
-
Elsenore
,
-
Fredericksburg
,
-
Ringstede
,
-
Kallenburg
,
-
for
,
-
Koge
,
-
Prestoe
,
-
Warburg
,
-
Korsoer
,
-
2.
Amaga
.
-
Drakoer
,
-
3.
Funen
.
-
Odensee
,
-
Nyburg
,
-
Middelfare
,
-
Swynburg
,
-
Woburg
,
-
Bowens
,
-
4.
Langeland
.
-
Rudcoping
,
-
Traneker
,
-
5.
Laland
.
-
Naskaw
,
-
Newstadt
,
-
Mariebo
,
-
Saskoping
,
-
6.
Falster
.
-
NICOPING
,
-
Stabecoping
,
-
Falsterby
,
-
7.
Monen
.
-
Stekoe
,
-
8.
Alsen
.
-
Sunderburg
,
-
Norburg
,
-
9.
Femeren
.
-
Burg
,
-
Tassing
,
-
Ketrop
,
-
10.
Bornholm
.
-
Rotemby
,
-
Nex
,
-
11.
Artoe
.
-
Koeping
,
-
12.
Ween
.
-
Uraniburg
,
-
13.
Samsoe
.
-
Samsoe
,
-
14.
Endelo
.
-
Endelo
,
-
15.
Leslo
.
-
Hais
,
-
16.
Sylt
.
-
Syredrop
,
-
17.
Norstand
.
-
Pelworm
,
-
2
Territories
in
Germany
.
-
Oldenburg
,
and
Delmenhorst
.
-
Oldenburg
.
HOLSTEIN
,
Holsatia
is
bounded
on
the
East
by
the
Dutchy
of
Lawemburg
,
and
the
Baltick
Sea
;
on
the
West
by
the
German
Ocean
,
on
the
North
by
the
Dukedom
of
Sleswick
,
and
on
the
South
by
the
River
Elb
,
which
separates
it
from
those
of
Bremen
and
Lunenburg
.
These
Territories
in
comprehending
Ditmarsh
,
Stormar
and
Wagerland
,
were
formerly
known
by
the
name
of
Nordablingia
,
or
the
Country
lying
beyond
the
Elb
Northward
,
the
more
modern
name
of
Holstein
,
(
as
we
are
inform'd
by
Adam
Bremensis
)
being
derived
from
Holts-geseten
,
i
.
e
.
its
Situation
in
a
Wood
or
Forest
.
It
was
at
first
●●●y
a
Province
of
the
Grand
Dutchy
of
Saxony
,
but
wa●
bestow'd
by
Duke
Lotharius
,
afterward
Emperor
of
Germany
,
upon
Adolph
Earl
of
Schouwenburg
or
Schaumburg
,
about
the
Year
1114
,
and
at
last
chang'd
into
a
Dukedom
by
the
Emperor
Frederick
III
.
A.
D.
1474
,
in
favour
of
Christian
the
Twelfth
Earl
,
who
had
also
obtain'd
the
Crown
of
Denmark
;
Thus
the
Dutchy
of
Holstein
became
part
of
that
Kingdom
,
and
the
Danish
Monarchs
are
on
that
account
reckon'd
among
the
Princes
of
the
Empire
,
altho'
not
oblig'd
to
repair
to
any
Diet
.
Afterward
the
Title
of
Duke
of
Holstein
,
together
with
a
considerable
part
of
the
Country
was
given
to
Adolph
the
Brother
of
King
Christian
III
.
whom
Queen
Elizabeth
admitted
to
be
a
Knight-Companion
of
the
most
noble
Order
of
the
Garter
,
in
1562.
After
the
decease
of
this
Duke
,
and
the
failure
of
his
Issue
Male
,
the
same
Title
was
conferr'd
upon
Ulrick
,
Brother
to
King
Christian
IV
.
but
at
present
there
are
several
Houses
of
the
Dukes
of
Holstein
,
viz.
Sunderburg
,
Norburg
,
Gluckburg
,
Arnsbeck
,
Gottorp
,
Ploen
,
and
Ottingen
,
among
whom
the
Duke
of
Holstein
Gottorp
nam'd
Christian
Albert
is
the
chief
,
and
lays
claim
to
the
same
Authority
and
Privileges
that
were
granted
to
the
aforesaid
Duke
Adolph
,
the
Brother
of
Christian
III
.
However
Christian
V.
the
present
King
of
Denmark
,
having
seiz'd
on
his
Person
and
principal
Officers
,
in
1675
,
at
Rendsburg
,
under
colour
of
a
Treaty
,
detain'd
him
Prisoner
there
,
and
compell'd
him
to
renounce
his
Right
to
the
Countries
of
Holstein
and
Sleswick
,
until
the
Duke
found
means
to
escape
,
protested
against
those
Violences
,
and
at
length
thro'
the
Mediation
of
divers
Princes
,
more
especially
of
William
III
.
King
of
Great
Britain
,
was
restor'd
to
the
greater
part
of
his
Territories
in
1689
,
yet
without
any
Reparation
of
past
Damages
;
the
rest
being
possess'd
by
the
King
of
Denmark
.
The
Country
of
Holstein
is
well
watered
with
Rivulets
,
and
its
chief
Trade
consists
in
the
Fishery
and
selling
of
Hogs
;
insomuch
that
the
convenience
of
Trafficking
in
the
Baltick
and
British
Seas
,
and
the
Industry
of
the
Inhabitants
,
has
render'd
it
the
richest
plot
of
Ground
within
the
King
of
Denmark's
Dominions
.
The
Holsteiners
are
for
the
most
part
of
a
strong
Constitution
and
undaunted
Courage
.
They
are
also
Sincere
,
Just
in
their
Dealings
,
and
very
punctual
in
the
observing
of
Oaths
and
Promises
;
So
that
Holstein
glaub
,
or
the
Fidelity
of
an
Holsteiner
has
even
pass'd
into
a
Proverb
.
KIEL
,
Chilonium
,
is
a
well
frequented
Mart-Town
,
and
the
Capital
of
Holstein
,
so
call'd
(
according
to
the
opinion
of
some
Authors
)
from
its
Situation
on
the
Baltick
Sea
in
a
corner
of
Land
,
enclos'd
between
the
Mouths
of
two
Rivers
;
the
German
Word
Kiel
,
properly
signifying
a
Wedge
.
It
stands
almost
in
the
midst
between
Flensburg
to
the
North
,
and
Lubeck
to
the
South
,
and
about
four
German
Miles
East
of
Rensburg
,
being
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
or
Citadel
,
on
the
top
of
a
Hill
that
commands
both
the
Town
and
Haven
,
its
Foundation
having
been
laid
by
Adolph
of
Schaumburg
the
first
Earl
of
Holstein
.
The
Town
is
also
adorn'd
with
a
stately
Palace
,
and
many
other
fair
Buildings
;
particularly
a
Monastery
of
Franciscan
Minorites
,
which
was
founded
by
Earl
Adolph
IV
.
and
when
the
Reformation
prevail'd
in
these
parts
,
was
chang'd
into
an
Hospital
,
besides
a
College
erected
by
the
present
Duke
of
Holstein
,
and
an
University
establish'd
A.
D.
1665.
The
Harbour
is
very
large
and
commodious
,
being
continually
throng'd
with
Merchant
Ships
from
Germany
,
Sweden
,
Liefland
,
and
all
the
Isles
on
the
Baltick
Sea
.
Moreover
in
this
Town
the
States
of
Holstein
are
usually
conven'd
every
Year
,
to
consult
about
the
most
important
Affairs
of
the
Dukedom
,
and
especially
those
relating
to
the
Mint
,
and
Valuation
of
the
Publick
Coin
.
WILSTER
is
a
neat
and
well
built
Town
,
on
a
River
of
the
same
name
,
which
not
far
from
thence
falls
into
the
Stoer
.
RENSBURG
,
or
REINOLSBURG
,
the
best
fortified
Town
in
the
whole
Dutchy
,
is
almost
encompass'd
on
all
sides
with
the
River
Eyder
,
and
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
,
which
owes
its
Foundation
to
Gerhard
II
.
sirnam'd
the
Great
,
Earl
of
Holstein
.
But
the
Town
takes
its
name
from
one
Reinold
a
Prince
of
the
Blood
,
or
Noble-man
of
great
Authority
and
Reputation
.
DITMARSEN
,
or
DITMARSH
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
River
Eyder
,
and
the
Dukedom
of
Sleswick
;
on
the
South
by
the
Elb
and
part
of
Stormar
;
on
the
East
by
the
German
Ocean
,
and
on
West
by
Holstein
properly
so
call'd
.
Some
write
the
Word
Deutschmarsh
or
Teutschmarsh
,
i
.
e
.
the
German
or
Dutch
Marsh
,
because
the
Inhabitants
of
this
Province
are
the
Off-spring
of
the
ancient
German
Saxons
,
and
still
retain
much
of
their
Valour
and
Warlike
Temper
;
for
they
could
not
be
forc'd
to
submit
to
the
Earls
of
Holstein
,
as
their
Neighbours
the
Stormarians
and
Wagrians
had
done
,
until
that
whole
Earldom
was
united
to
the
Crown
of
Denmark
;
nay
,
they
soon
threw
off
the
Yoke
,
altho'
the
Emperor
Frederick
III
.
had
given
their
Territories
to
Christian
Earl
of
Oldenburg
and
Holstein
the
first
Danish
Monarch
of
that
House
,
and
refus'd
to
do
Homage
to
him
or
his
Successors
.
But
at
last
they
were
entirely
subdu'd
,
in
1559
,
by
Frederick
II
.
assisted
in
this
Expedition
by
his
Cosins
John
and
Adolph
Dukes
of
Holstein
;
whereupon
Ditmarsh
was
divided
into
two
Parts
,
and
shar'd
beween
the
King
and
the
said
Dukes
.
MELDORP
,
the
chief
Town
of
the
Province
of
Ditmarsh
,
it
stands
on
the
Coasts
of
the
German
Ocean
,
and
is
a
Place
of
considerable
Trade
.
LUNDEN
is
situated
over
against
Tonningen
,
near
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Eyder
.
HEYDEN
is
a
Town
of
a
large
extent
,
altho'
of
no
great
note
,
being
seated
on
the
Borders
of
the
desert
of
barren
Sands
,
that
spreads
it self
into
the
middle
of
this
Country
.
STORMAR
,
STORMARS
,
or
STORMARSH
,
Stormaria
,
according
to
the
signification
of
its
name
,
is
a
Morass
or
Marshy
Ground
,
lying
along
the
banks
of
the
River
Stoer
.
It
has
Wagerland
and
Lawenburg
for
its
bounds
on
the
East
,
Holstein
proper
on
the
North
;
and
the
Dutchies
of
Bremen
and
Lunenburg
on
the
West
and
South
.
Indeed
it
is
worth
the
while
to
observe
that
the
several
Territories
of
the
Dukedom
of
Holstein
are
distinguish'd
by
names
taken
from
the
nature
of
the
Soil
,
which
here
,
as
also
in
Ditmarsh
,
is
rich
,
and
in
most
places
resembles
that
of
Holland
,
as
well
in
its
Fruitfulness
,
as
the
manner
of
Improvement
and
Cultivation
;
so
that
the
swelling
Ocean
often
overflows
great
part
of
the
lower
Grounds
,
notwithstanding
the
Dikes
and
Banks
that
are
rais'd
by
the
Industry
of
the
Inhabitants
to
keep
it
out
,
who
nevertheless
have
considerable
Advantages
from
the
Neighbourhood
of
the
River
Elb
,
and
the
City
of
Hamburgh
,
which
stands
in
this
Provence
,
altho'
one
of
the
Hanse
Towns
,
govern'd
by
its
own
peculiar
Laws
and
Mag●strates
:
therefore
we
refer
the
Reader
to
its
Description
in
Germany
.
The
other
chief
Cities
and
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
GLUCKSTADT
is
a
small
City
seated
on
the
right-side
bank
of
the
River
Elb
,
near
its
Confluence
with
the
Rhin
.
It
was
built
and
well
fortified
A.
D.
1629
,
by
Christian
IV
.
King
of
Denmark
,
(
who
took
great
delight
in
its
pleasant
Situation
)
and
afterward
much
enlarg'd
by
his
Successors
.
And
indeed
a
sufficient
Proof
of
its
Strength
was
made
manifest
soon
after
the
first
building
of
it
;
for
it
sustain'd
a
Siege
of
almost
two
Years
continuance
,
and
at
last
vigorously
repell'd
the
Forces
of
the
Emperor
Ferdinand
II
.
This
strong
Hold
Commands
the
Passage
of
the
Elb
,
and
serves
as
a
Curb
to
the
Hamburgers
,
so
that
any
Attempt
made
by
them
against
the
Danes
would
prove
ineffectual
,
until
they
can
make
themselves
Masters
of
so
important
a
Fort
,
and
by
that
means
secure
an
open
Road
for
their
Vessels
and
Men
of
War
.
KREMP
,
or
CREMPEN
,
Crempa
is
situated
on
a
Rivulet
of
the
same
name
,
which
a
little
below
empties
it self
into
the
Stoer
,
and
in
like
manner
owes
its
chiefest
Strength
to
King
Christian
IV
.
who
caus'd
it
to
be
encompass'd
with
a
firm
Wall
and
deep
Ditches
.
This
Town
is
esteem'd
one
of
the
Keys
of
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
,
and
became
famous
for
the
gallant
defence
it
made
for
thirteen
Months
together
,
in
the
Years
1627
and
1628
,
against
the
furious
Attacks
of
Count
Wallenstein
,
the
Fortunate
General
of
the
Imperial
Army
,
altho'
at
last
it
was
constrain'd
to
Surrender
upon
honourable
Terms
.
BREDENBERG
is
one
of
the
fairest
little
Towns
in
all
the
Territories
of
Denmark
,
and
the
ancient
Seat
of
the
noble
Family
of
the
Rantzow's
.
It
is
also
no
less
Remarkable
for
the
stout
Opposition
Count
Wallenstein
met
with
before
it
,
who
nevertheless
at
length
took
it
by
Storm
,
and
put
the
whole
Garrison
to
the
Sword
.
WAGEREN
,
or
WAGERLAND
,
Wagria
is
almost
encompass'd
round
about
with
the
Baltick
Sea
,
and
the
two
Rivers
Trave
,
or
Travenna
,
and
Suentin
,
extending
it self
in
length
from
Oldeslo
,
as
far
as
the
Village
Grotenbro
near
48
English
Miles
,
and
about
20
in
breadth
.
This
Country
takes
its
name
from
the
Wagrii
,
a
People
of
Sclavonia
,
who
subdu'd
these
parts
,
and
has
for
a
long
time
given
a
Bull-head
for
its
Coat
of
Arms
,
altho'
it
is
not
quarter'd
with
those
of
the
other
Provinces
in
the
Escocheon
of
the
Dukes
of
Holstein
,
perhaps
because
the
Arms
of
Oldenburg
are
thought
sufficient
for
the
whole
Province
,
which
includes
a
Hanse
Town
within
its
limits
as
well
as
that
of
Stormar
,
namely
Lubeck
,
seated
at
the
Confluence
of
the
Rivers
Trave
and
Billew
.
But
this
City
being
a
Branch
of
the
Empire
of
Germany
,
is
described
at
large
among
those
of
the
Lower
Saxony
.
The
other
principal
Towns
of
Wagerland
are
these
,
viz.
SEGEBERG
stands
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Trave
,
at
the
distance
of
about
16
English
Miles
from
Lubeck
to
the
North-East
,
and
was
heretofore
call'd
Aelberg
,
which
name
was
chang'd
upon
the
building
of
a
Castle
on
the
top
of
the
adjacent
craggy
Mountain
.
For
the
Emperor
Lotharius
(
as
the
story
is
related
by
Helmoldus
)
having
made
choice
of
this
Hill
,
in
the
Year
1134
,
for
the
erecting
of
a
considerable
Fortress
to
give
a
check
to
the
growing
Power
of
the
Sclavonians
;
one
of
their
Princes
spake
these
words
to
his
Attendants
,
Seest
thou
the
Fortifications
on
the
Top
of
those
Mountains
?
Let
me
tell
thee
,
it
will
in
a
short
time
prove
the
Yoke
of
the
whole
Land
,
&c.
Whence
(
say
the
Danes
)
the
Place
still
retains
the
name
of
Segeberg
,
signifying
in
the
German
Tongue
,
Behold
the
Mountains
.
PLOEN
is
a
Town
of
good
Antiquity
on
the
side
of
a
Lake
of
the
same
name
,
with
which
it
is
well
fortified
,
as
also
a
Castle
built
not
long
since
after
the
Italian
manner
of
Architecture
,
by
Joachim
Ernestus
Duke
of
Holstein
.
This
Place
at
present
affords
a
Title
to
the
Valiant
Duke
of
Holstein
Ploen
,
who
has
signaliz'd
his
Valour
on
divers
occasions
during
the
present
Wars
.
OLDESLO
,
or
ODELSO
,
is
a
fair
Town
watered
by
the
River
Trave
,
and
situated
in
the
middle
between
Segeberg
and
Lubeck
.
It
was
purchas'd
in
the
Year
1338
,
by
John
Earl
of
Wagerland
,
for
the
Sum
of
10000
Marks
of
Silver
,
and
continu'd
for
a
long
time
in
a
very
flourishing
Condition
;
but
having
suffer'd
much
Damage
in
the
Wars
between
Eric
of
Pomeren
,
and
the
Dukes
of
Sleswick
and
Holstein
,
it
could
never
as
yet
recover
its
former
Beauty
and
Grandeur
.
OLDENBURG
is
situated
near
the
Baltick
Sea
,
about
30
Miles
from
Lubeck
to
the
North
,
and
(
as
it
is
recorded
in
the
Danish
History
)
was
anciently
the
Metropolis
of
the
Wagrians
and
Venedi
,
two
Warlike
Nations
that
subdu'd
the
greatest
part
of
Mecklenburg
,
as
also
some
time
a
Bishop's
See
,
which
was
founded
by
the
Emperor
Otho
the
Great
,
after
he
had
overcome
the
Venedi
,
but
was
afterward
translated
to
Lubeck
,
and
bestow'd
on
Marcus
his
Chancellor
.
It
was
formerly
a
Town
of
considerable
Trade
,
and
very
populous
,
having
been
adorn'd
with
four
Churches
,
three
Monasteries
and
five
Gates
,
but
it
has
insensibly
fall'n
to
decay
ever
since
the
Harbour
was
stopt
up
,
by
the
special
Command
of
Margaret
Queen
of
Denmark
.
The
Dutchy
of
SLESWICK
,
Ducatus
Slesvicensis
,
or
Southern
Jutland
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Northern
Jutland
,
on
the
South
by
Holstein
,
on
the
East
by
the
Baltick
Sea
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
German
Ocean
;
being
extended
in
length
from
Kolding
,
and
the
River
Leewens
Aa
,
as
far
as
Dannewick
,
about
18
German
Miles
,
and
not
above
six
,
or
in
some
places
eight
,
in
its
greatest
breadth
.
This
Dutchy
was
first
granted
by
Christopher
I.
King
of
Denmark
,
about
A.
D.
1253
,
by
way
of
Appenage
to
the
Children
of
King
Abel
,
on
Condition
that
the
Duke
of
Pomeren
,
and
some
other
petty
Princes
of
Vandalia
,
should
always
pay
Homage
to
the
Danish
Monarch
,
and
quit
all
claim
to
the
Crown
.
In
process
of
time
it
became
the
Inheritance
of
King
Christian
I.
of
Oldenburg
,
who
annexed
it
to
the
Royal
Demeasns
,
a
part
of
which
it
has
continu'd
ever
since
;
altho'
indeed
it
has
been
often
assign'd
as
a
Portion
to
the
younger
Princes
of
the
Blood
,
and
is
at
present
divided
between
the
King
of
Denmark
and
the
Duke
of
Holstein
Gottorp
.
The
most
remarkable
Cities
and
Towns
of
this
Dukedom
,
are
these
,
viz.
SLESWICK
,
or
SLEYSWICK
,
Slesvicum
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
whole
Province
so
call'd
from
thence
,
and
a
See
of
a
Prelate
Suffragan
to
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Lunden
,
takes
its
name
from
its
Situation
on
a
River
,
or
rather
a
small
Arm
of
the
Sea
,
nam'd
by
the
Inhabitants
De
Slye
,
so
that
Sleswick
is
no
more
than
a
Town
upon
the
Sley
;
Wic
in
the
old
Saxon
Tongue
signifying
a
Village
or
Fort
,
as
Vicus
in
Latin
,
and
Wiick
even
at
this
day
among
the
Hollanders
.
But
the
Danes
(
according
to
Pontanus
)
impos'd
on
it
the
name
of
Haithaby
,
i
.
e
.
the
Habitation
of
Hetha
,
a
certain
Queen
of
that
Nation
.
However
it
was
without
doubt
,
heretofore
a
Place
of
very
great
Trade
,
much
frequented
by
Merchants
from
Great
Britain
,
France
,
Spain
,
Flanders
,
and
other
parts
of
Europe
:
And
indeed
Adam
Bremensis
,
who
flourish'd
about
A.
D.
1100
,
calls
it
Civitatem
Opulentissimam
ac
Populosissimam
,
i
.
e
.
an
extremely
Rich
and
populous
City
.
King
Eric
Barn
founded
the
great
Church
in
the
Ninth
Century
,
with
the
assistance
of
St.
Anschar
Arch-Bishop
of
Hamburgh
,
who
had
converted
the
Inhabitants
to
Christianity
.
Not
long
after
,
viz.
in
1064
,
the
Sclavonians
invaded
these
Parts
,
ruin'd
the
Church
,
and
re-establish'd
the
Heathenish
Superstitions
:
But
within
a
while
the
Danes
shook
off
the
Yoke
,
and
entirely
expell'd
these
Foreigners
,
whereupon
Paganism
was
again
extirpated
,
the
Christian
Religion
restor'd
,
and
the
Cathedral
re-edify'd
.
Afterward
the
Angles
who
maintain'd
a
considerable
Trade
in
Sleswick
,
built
a
Church
dedicated
to
the
Holy-Ghost
,
near
the
Market-place
,
together
with
the
adjoyning
Hospital
.
This
City
stands
between
Flensburg
to
the
North
,
and
Rensburg
to
the
South
,
only
four
German
Miles
West
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
11
from
Hadersleben
,
and
16
North
of
Lubeck
.
Within
a
few
Miles
from
Sleswick
to
the
South
,
are
yet
to
be
seen
in
many
places
,
the
ruins
of
the
famous
Wall
and
Trench
which
was
built
about
,
A.
C.
809
,
in
the
time
of
the
Emperor
Charlemagne
,
by
Gotricus
then
King
of
Denmark
,
to
hinder
the
Incursions
of
the
Saxons
,
and
somewhat
resembles
the
Picts
Wall
erected
by
the
Romans
in
Great
Britain
.
This
ancient
Rampart
is
commonly
call'd
Danewark
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
the
report
goes
that
it
sometime
reach'd
(
as
well
as
that
in
England
)
from
one
Sea
to
the
other
.
HADERSLEBEN
,
or
HADERSLEVE
,
a
noted
Sea-port
Town
,
is
situated
near
the
Baltick
Sea
,
over
against
the
Island
of
Funen
,
at
the
distance
of
seven
German
Miles
from
Flensburg
,
and
40
from
Sleswick
to
the
North
.
Waldemar
Duke
of
Jutland
,
confirm'd
its
Charter
about
the
Year
1292
,
and
it
formerly
had
for
its
defence
a
strong
Castle
founded
on
the
Top
of
a
Hill
that
commands
the
Town
.
But
John
Earl
of
Holstein
,
eldest
Son
of
King
Christian
I.
caused
this
Fortress
to
be
demolished
,
and
began
to
build
a
new
one
call'd
from
his
name
Hansburg
,
or
John's
Castle
,
(
Hans
in
the
German
and
Danish
Tongues
signifying
the
same
with
John
)
which
was
not
brought
to
Perfection
until
the
time
of
King
Frederick
II
.
The
Streets
in
Hadersleben
are
generally
fair
,
broad
,
and
Mevery
uniform
.
In
the
great
Church
is
to
be
seen
a
stately
Monument
erected
by
King
Eric
VIII
.
to
the
mory
of
Rombold
Duke
of
Silesia
,
who
was
sent
hither
in
quality
of
Ambassador
from
the
Emperor
Sigismund
,
to
accommodate
the
differences
between
the
said
King
and
the
Earls
of
Holstein
,
about
their
Pretensions
to
the
Dutchy
of
Sleswick
,
but
dy'd
before
the
Negotiation
was
finished
.
This
Town
and
Castle
were
twice
taken
by
the
Swedes
during
their
Wars
with
the
Danes
,
but
restor'd
to
the
later
by
virtue
of
a
Treaty
of
Peace
concluded
between
both
Crowns
,
A.
D.
1658.
It
is
also
remarkable
for
giving
Birth
to
Frederick
III
.
King
of
Denmark
,
in
1609
,
who
was
the
first
that
render'd
that
Crown
Hereditary
.
TUNDERENS
,
two
Port-Towns
,
viz.
the
Greater
and
Lesser
,
stand
on
the
Western
shore
or
Coasts
of
the
German
Ocean
,
and
are
both
Places
of
no
small
Traffick
.
APPENRADE
is
built
on
a
small
Bay
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
over
against
the
Isle
of
Alsen
,
and
much
frequented
by
the
Danish
Fisher-men
.
FLENSBURG
,
Flensburgum
,
is
so
call'd
from
the
Bay
of
Flen
upon
which
it
is
seated
,
altho'
others
derive
its
name
from
one
Fleno
a
Danish
Noble-man
,
who
was
Lord
of
the
Mannor
,
and
had
the
Custom
of
the
Fishing-trade
hereabouts
;
but
Mhier
would
have
it
written
Ulensburg
from
Ulens
,
which
in
the
Language
of
the
Natives
denotes
the
ebbing
and
flowing
of
the
Sea
.
The
Town
is
remarkable
for
its
Situation
in
a
low
and
pleasant
Vally
encompass'd
with
divers
high
Hills
,
and
consists
chiefly
in
one
continu'd
Street
of
fair
Buildings
,
reaching
near
two
English
Miles
in
length
,
the
Ships
riding
so
commodiously
in
the
Haven
,
that
the
Burgers
load
and
unload
them
even
at
their
very
doors
.
The
Suburbs
are
guarded
with
a
Castle
that
stands
on
the
Top
of
a
Hill
and
commands
both
the
Town
and
Harbour
;
between
which
and
Sleswick
lies
a
Territory
,
in
time
past
inhabited
by
the
ancient
Angles
,
the
Ancestors
and
first
Founders
of
our
English
Nation
in
Great
Britain
,
as
it
appears
both
from
the
Testimony
of
the
famous
Historian
Ethelwerd
,
and
a
small
Village
in
this
Tract
,
still
retaining
the
name
of
Anglen
.
GOTTORP
,
Gottorpium
,
the
ancient
Palace
of
the
Earls
and
Dukes
of
Holstein
near
Sleswick
,
is
indeed
one
of
the
finest
Seats
in
all
these
Northern
parts
of
Europe
,
being
extreamly
well
fortified
,
and
standing
in
an
Island
,
environed
with
a
large
Lake
made
by
the
River
Sley
,
the
Waters
whereof
are
clear
and
full
of
Fish
,
carrying
Vessels
of
small
burden
to
and
from
the
Baltick
Sea
.
The
Gardens
belonging
to
these
Appartments
are
large
,
cut
out
of
a
steep
Hill
on
the
other
side
of
the
Lake
,
and
beautify'd
with
curious
Fountains
,
Parterres
,
Walks
and
Water-works
;
besides
a
noble
and
spacious
Park
,
or
rather
Forest
adjoyning
,
well
stockt
with
Deer
,
Wild-Boars
,
and
other
sorts
of
Game
.
Among
the
chief
Rarities
of
this
Place
,
we
may
reckon
the
Library
,
which
is
a
Storehouse
of
choice
Books
and
Manuscripts
that
have
been
collected
with
much
diligence
and
precaution
by
divers
Dukes
of
Holstein
.
Here
also
is
to
be
seen
an
admirable
Globe
,
which
one
of
the
Dukes
caused
to
be
made
of
Copper
,
being
10
Foot
and
an
half
in
Diameter
;
on
it
is
represented
the
figure
of
the
Sun
,
which
moves
in
the
Eccliptick-Line
Rising
and
Setting
regularly
.
And
indeed
the
Motion
of
this
whole
Globe
exactly
follows
that
of
the
Heavens
,
by
the
means
of
certain
Wheels
which
are
turn'd
about
by
Water
convey'd
from
an
adjacent
Mountain
.
At
Gottorp
is
establish'd
a
Tol-booth
,
or
Custom-house
,
where
Toll
is
paid
every
Year
for
50000
head
of
Cattel
,
transported
out
of
Jutland
into
Germany
.
EKELFORDT
,
or
EKELENFORDT
,
Ekelenfordia
lies
between
Sleswick
and
Kiel
,
and
had
its
name
from
the
abundance
of
Squirrels
in
the
neighbouring
Woods
,
as
it
is
evident
from
the
Arms
of
the
Town
,
which
is
much
enrich'd
by
Traffick
,
and
the
convenience
of
its
Harbour
,
as
being
one
of
the
safest
on
the
Coasts
of
the
Baltick
Sea
.
FRIDERICKSTADT
,
Fridericostadium
is
a
little
Town
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Eyder
,
which
owes
its
Foundation
to
Frederick
Duke
of
Holstein
and
Sleswick
,
who
endeavoured
to
settle
the
Silk-Trade
there
,
and
to
that
purpose
,
in
the
Year
1633
,
sent
a
famous
Embassy
into
Persia
and
Moscovy
;
an
Account
whereof
has
been
publish'd
by
the
Secretary
Adam
Olearius
.
The
Diocess
of
RIPEN
,
Dioecesis
Ripensis
,
bordering
on
Southern
Jutland
,
contains
30
several
Lordships
,
282
Parishes
,
10
Castles
,
100
Noble-mens
Houses
,
and
7
Cities
or
large
Towns
,
the
chief
of
which
are
these
,
viz.
RIPEN
,
Ripa
,
is
situated
in
a
very
pleasant
Country
on
the
clear
River
Nipsaa
,
which
parting
it self
into
three
streams
,
divides
the
Town
into
as
many
parts
,
and
gave
occasion
to
its
Arms
,
which
are
three
Lions
.
It
has
been
long
since
dignified
with
a
Bishops
See
,
Suffragan
of
Lunden
,
and
has
a
Commodious
Harbour
,
together
with
astrong
Fort
.
The
Cathedral
is
a
Magnificent
Structure
of
hewn
Stone
,
adorn'd
with
a
Tower
or
Steeple
of
a
vast
height
,
built
with
Marble
and
Brick
,
which
serves
as
a
Land-mark
to
those
that
Sail
along
these
dangerous
Coasts
.
This
Church
was
first
founded
on
the
Top
of
a
Hill
,
by
Eric
,
sir-nam'd
Barn
,
or
the
Child
,
King
of
Denmark
;
whom
St.
Anschar
converted
to
Christianity
about
A.
C.
848.
But
it
was
not
made
a
Cathedral
,
nor
the
Episcopal
See
settled
there
until
near
150
Years
after
,
when
Idolatry
which
had
prevail'd
again
in
the
Kingdom
under
some
Foreign
Princes
was
abolish'd
,
and
the
Christian
Religion
re-establish'd
.
There
is
also
founded
here
a
kind
of
University
,
but
it
is
much
inferiour
to
that
of
Copenhagen
.
The
City
of
Ripen
was
taken
by
the
Swedes
,
A.
D.
1645
,
and
recover'd
within
a
little
while
after
.
It
is
distant
55
Miles
from
Sleswick
to
the
North-West
,
and
67
from
Wiburg
to
the
South
.
KOLDING
is
water'd
on
the
South
side
by
a
River
,
which
separates
the
Northern
Jutland
from
the
Southern
,
and
soon
after
discharges
it self
into
the
Baltick
Sea
.
King
Eric
Glipping
,
having
laid
the
first
Foundation
of
this
City
about
A.
D.
1268
,
in
the
place
of
an
old
Castle
of
the
same
name
,
caused
it
to
be
fortified
with
strong
Walls
and
deep
Ditches
,
so
as
it
might
be
able
to
defend
the
Frontiers
of
the
Danish
Dominions
,
which
at
that
time
were
extended
no
farther
Southward
.
But
Christian
III
.
took
so
great
delight
in
its
Situation
and
the
Pleasantness
of
the
adjacent
Country
,
that
he
repair'd
the
Castle
Arnsburg
,
that
hangs
over
the
Town
,
remov'd
his
Court
thither
,
and
dy'd
in
the
same
place
.
The
Bridge
over
the
River
brings
a
great
Treasure
every
Year
into
the
King
of
Denmark's
Exchequer
,
since
for
every
Ox
or
Horse
that
passes
it
toward
Holstein
,
or
any
of
the
Hanse
Towns
,
the
Owners
pay
a
Rix-dollar
,
i
.
e
.
almost
a
Crown
in
English
Mony
,
besides
the
Imposts
laid
upon
all
other
kinds
of
Merchandizes
;
so
that
considering
the
numerous
Herds
of
Cattle
convey'd
yearly
out
of
North
Jutland
this
way
,
the
Toll
must
needs
amount
to
a
vast
Revenue
.
LEMWICK
stands
on
the
side
of
the
Bay
of
Limford
,
whence
its
name
is
deriv'd
,
and
is
the
utmost
boundary
of
the
Diocess
of
Ripen
.
The
Diocess
of
Arhusen
lies
along
the
Coasts
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
and
within
its
limits
are
enclos'd
31
Courts
of
Judicature
,
7
Cities
or
Wall'd
Towns
,
304
Parishes
,
and
5
Forts
,
the
strongest
whereof
is
Schanderborch
or
Schonderborch
,
i
.
e
.
the
fair
Castle
built
on
the
River
Gudden
.
ARHUSEN
,
Arhusium
,
is
a
neat
and
pleasant
City
on
the
Baltick
shore
,
two
Miles
West
of
the
Isle
of
Funen
,
10
South
of
Alburg
,
and
26
North
of
Lubeck
.
It
is
so
call'd
(
accroding
to
most
Etymologists
)
as
it
were
Aar-hus
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
House
of
Oars
;
altho'
Pontanus
,
with
much
less
probability
,
would
willingly
deduce
the
word
Arhusen
from
Ptolomy's
Harudes
.
Some
are
of
opinion
that
Poppo
was
ordain'd
the
first
Bishop
of
this
Diocess
A.
C.
992
,
but
the
greater
part
of
the
Danish
Historiographers
assure
us
,
that
the
Episcopal
See
was
not
founded
until
the
Year
1014.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
a
curious
piece
of
Architecture
,
beautified
with
divers
rich
Monuments
of
Prelates
,
Noble-men
,
&c.
But
the
Bishop's
Palace
has
lain
for
a
long
time
in
its
Ruins
,
yet
shews
some
marks
of
its
ancient
Magnificence
and
Grandeur
.
The
City
of
Arhusen
was
taken
and
almost
destroy'd
by
the
Swedes
,
A.
D.
1644.
THE
Diocess
of
WIBURG
is
situated
in
the
very
middle
of
North-Jutland
,
and
its
most
memorable
Bays
are
Sallingsundt
,
Vicksundt
,
Hualpsundt
,
Sebersundt
,
and
Otthesundt
,
the
last
of
which
is
so
called
from
the
Emperor
Otho
.
I.
sir-nam'd
the
Great
,
who
made
an
Inroad
into
Jutland
about
the
Year
948
,
and
penetrated
even
as
far
as
these
parts
,
where
(
as
it
is
reported
)
having
cast
a
Javelin
into
this
Bay
,
he
gave
it
the
name
it
still
retains
.
But
the
most
considerable
quarter
of
this
Diocess
is
Salling
,
a
fruitful
Peninsula
in
the
Lymford
,
where
are
bred
the
best
Horses
in
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Denmark
.
WIBURG
stands
in
the
heart
of
the
Promontory
of
North-Jutland
,
at
an
equal
distance
from
the
German
and
Baltick
Sea
,
eight
Miles
from
Alburg
to
the
South-East
;
and
is
indeed
a
Place
of
a
very
great
concourse
of
People
,
who
resort
to
the
high
Court
of
Judicature
held
here
,
from
whence
lies
no
Appeal
,
except
to
the
King
himself
.
It
was
formerly
called
Cimmersberg
,
as
being
the
chief
City
of
the
ancient
Cimbrians
;
but
it
is
not
well
known
whence
came
the
more
modern
name
of
Wiburg
:
For
some
are
of
opinion
that
it
was
taken
from
Wiglet
,
a
certain
Prince
who
united
the
petty
Principalities
of
the
Cimbrians
.
And
Elnot
in
the
Life
of
St.
Canutus
intimates
,
that
it
came
from
Wig
an
Idol
worship'd
in
this
place
,
but
it
is
very
probable
,
that
it
was
the
Seat
of
the
Danish
Pirates
,
anciently
termed
Wigs
or
Wikenger
,
as
the
Inhabitants
of
Glocester-shire
,
Worcester-shire
,
&c.
(
according
to
Mr.
Camden's
Conjecture
)
were
heretofore
called
Wiccii
from
the
Sea-Robberies
,
continually
committed
by
them
on
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Severn
.
The
Episcopal
See
of
Wiburg
was
founded
by
King
Sueno
Esthrith
,
A.
D.
1065
,
and
Herebert
was
installed
the
first
Bishop
.
THE
Diocess
of
ALBURG
lies
North
of
that
of
Wiburg
,
and
comprehends
13
High-Courts
of
Judicature
,
180
Parishes
,
6
principal
Towns
,
and
100
Noble-mens
Seats
.
The
most
fruitful
part
of
it
is
seated
between
the
German
Ocean
and
Lymford
Bay
,
which
extends
it self
along
a
great
part
of
the
Peninsula
of
Jutland
,
and
comp●ehends
a
large
Island
nam'd
Mors
.
The
chief
Town
of
this
Tract
is
Tysted
,
where
Christian
III
.
founded
a
Free-School
,
which
is
now
improved
to
a
kind
of
University
.
ALBURG
is
seated
on
the
Lymford
,
scarce
three
Miles
West
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
and
owes
its
name
to
the
vast
quantities
of
Eels
taken
in
that
part
of
the
Bay
,
having
been
before
called
Burgle
,
whence
the
Bishoprick
is
often
named
in
Latin
Episcopatus
Burglaviensis
,
or
Burglumiensis
.
This
Bishoprick
was
first
erected
by
King
Sueno
Esthrith
,
the
Son
of
Ulf
an
English
Earl
,
A.
D.
1065
,
at
the
same
time
with
that
of
Wiburg
,
so
that
there
has
been
for
some
Years
a
Contest
between
the
Prelates
of
these
Diocesses
about
Precedency
,
each
pretending
his
Bishoprick
the
most
ancient
.
But
the
Bishops
of
Alburg
usually
resided
at
Borlum
,
a
small
Village
not
far
from
this
City
,
until
upon
the
Establishing
of
the
Reformation
throughout
the
Kingdom
of
Denmark
,
Stigot
the
last
Popish
Bishop
was
enjoyn'd
to
abdicate
all
Episcopal
Jurisdiction
,
and
to
retire
into
the
Monastery
of
Borlum
.
This
happened
A.
D.
1536
,
and
the
Lutheran
Prelates
ever
since
have
had
their
Palace
at
Alburg
.
The
Territory
of
WENSYSSEL
extended
toward
the
farthest
Promontory
of
North-Jutland
,
is
known
by
the
Latin
names
of
Venulia
and
Vandalia
,
and
supposed
to
have
been
the
Seat
of
the
ancient
Vandals
.
The
chief
Town
in
this
Tract
is
likewise
call'd
Wensyssel
from
the
Province
,
and
the
Inhabitants
are
the
most
robust
of
any
throughout
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Denmark
.
SCHAGEN
stands
on
the
very
point
of
the
Cape
or
Promontory
and
is
washed
both
by
the
Norwegian
and
Baltick
Seas
.
It
is
much
more
frequented
by
Merchants
from
all
parts
of
Europe
,
than
any
other
Town
in
Jutland
,
and
its
Trade
would
be
far
more
considerable
if
the
adjacent
Coasts
were
not
so
dangerous
.
SEELAND
,
or
ZEALAND
,
the
largest
and
most
fruitful
Island
in
the
Baltick
Sea
,
lies
to
the
East
of
Funen
,
and
is
separated
from
thence
by
the
Streight
of
the
Belt
,
as
also
on
the
other
side
from
the
Continent
of
Schonen
by
a
small
Frith
,
which
the
Inhabitants
call
Oresundt
,
or
the
Sound
,
thro'
which
pass
all
Merchant-Ships
that
Trade
into
the
Baltick
.
This
Island
,
which
extends
it self
about
80
English
Miles
in
length
,
and
240
in
compass
,
is
undoubtedly
the
ancient
Codononia
,
mention'd
by
Pomponius
Mela
,
which
signifies
the
same
thing
as
the
more
modern
words
of
Dania
or
Denmark
.
It
is
named
Seeland
,
(
according
to
the
opinion
of
most
Danish
Authors
)
as
it
were
Soedland
or
Seedland
,
from
the
plenty
of
Corn
that
grows
therein
;
but
others
more
probably
affirm
that
the
word
denotes
only
an
Island
or
Plot
of
Ground
encompass'd
with
the
Sea
.
The
Soil
is
very
fertile
bringing
forth
Wheat
in
some
places
,
Barley
almost
every
where
in
abundance
,
together
with
a
great
quantity
of
Rye
and
Oats
.
The
Grass
is
generally
short
and
sweet
,
growing
on
the
borders
of
the
Cornfields
,
or
in
some
Moorish
Grounds
.
There
is
also
a
great
number
of
Lakes
well
stor'd
with
Fish
,
and
Forests
yielding
much
variety
of
Game
,
viz.
Stags
,
Wild-Boars
,
Ro-Bucks
,
&c.
Indeed
the
Country
is
in
most
places
very
pleasant
,
as
being
beset
with
little
Hills
,
Woods
,
chiefly
of
Beech-Trees
,
Rivulets
and
Lakes
,
that
afford
a
delicate
Prospect
to
the
Eye
,
by
their
agreeable
diversity
.
COPENHAGEN
,
Hafnia
aut
Haunia
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
Isle
of
Seeland
,
as
also
of
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Denmark
,
and
the
Royal
Seat
of
the
Danish
Monarchs
,
is
seated
in
a
Plain
on
the
Streight
of
the
Sound
,
only
three
Danish
Miles
from
the
Coasts
of
Schonen
,
four
East
of
Roschild
,
as
many
South
of
Kronenburg
,
30
likewise
South
of
Gotheburg
,
45
West
of
Calmar
,
and
70
South-West
of
Stockholm
.
It
is
commonly
call'd
Kiobenhaun
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
Copenhaven
by
the
Germans
,
corruptly
for
Kiobmanshaven
,
i
.
e
.
Portus
Mercatorum
,
or
the
Merchants
Haven
;
altho'
Meierus
,
a
learned
Writer
,
with
little
or
no
Grounds
,
derives
the
Etymology
of
its
name
from
Coppen
,
signifying
James
in
the
Frisian
Language
,
that
is
to
say
,
St.
James's
Haven
.
However
it
is
no
very
ancient
City
,
as
having
taken
its
rise
from
a
Fortress
which
Axel
,
Huydo
,
or
Wide
sir-named
Snare
,
(
whom
Saxo
Grammaticus
calls
Absolon
)
Arch-Bishop
of
Lunden
,
erected
in
this
Place
about
the
Year
1168
,
to
restrain
the
Incursions
of
Pirates
.
The
Fort
was
then
known
by
the
name
of
Axel-huys
,
and
proved
a
good
Defence
to
the
whole
Island
,
insomuch
that
it
was
soon
surrounded
with
divers
Cabbins
of
Fisher-men
,
and
Magazines
or
Ware-houses
of
Merchants
and
other
Traders
,
that
continually
resorted
hither
to
furnish
their
Vessels
with
such
Provisions
and
Commodities
,
as
the
Country
afforded
.
Thus
Traffick
daily
encreased
more
and
more
,
and
the
first
Foundations
were
laid
of
a
Hamlet
,
which
in
process
of
time
grew
up
to
as
flourishing
a
City
as
most
in
Europe
;
James
Ecland
,
Bishop
of
Roschild
,
was
its
first
Patron
,
and
granted
many
Privileges
thereto
,
A.
D.
1254.
These
were
confirmed
by
his
Successor
Ignatius
,
and
considerably
enlarged
by
King
Waldemar
,
in
1341
,
as
also
by
Eric
of
Pomerania
,
in
1371.
Afterward
Christopher
of
Bavaria
endow'd
it
with
the
same
Immunities
,
as
the
other
Cities
of
Denmark
,
in
1443
;
And
all
these
Concessions
were
ratified
by
the
large
Charters
of
Christian
III
.
and
Frederick
II
.
Indeed
the
Situation
of
Copenhagan
is
extreamly
advantagious
,
being
encompassed
on
the
Land
side
with
a
very
pleasant
Country
,
and
on
the
Sea-side
with
one
of
the
finest
Harbours
in
the
World
,
capacious
enough
to
hold
500
Sail
;
the
Road
without
is
likewise
very
safe
,
and
fenc'd
from
the
Violence
of
the
Waves
,
by
a
large
Bank
of
Sand
.
The
entrance
of
the
Port
is
so
narrow
,
that
but
one
Ship
can
pass
at
once
,
and
is
shut
up
every
Night
with
a
strong
Boom
,
the
Mouth
of
it
being
commanded
on
one
side
by
the
Citadel
,
and
on
the
other
by
a
Block-house
,
well
furnished
with
Cannon
.
The
City
it self
is
environed
with
deep
Ditches
,
and
high
Ramparts
of
Earth
rais'd
according
to
the
Rules
of
Modern
Fortification
,
and
joyned
on
the
Eastern
side
by
a
Timber-Bridge
,
to
the
little
Isle
of
Amager
.
The
Streets
are
broad
,
clean
and
neat
,
having
Lights
constantly
kept
therein
during
the
Night
.
The
Houses
amounting
to
the
number
of
9000
,
are
for
the
most
part
well
built
with
Timber
,
but
the
Intervals
are
filled
up
with
Brickwork
.
The
principal
Churches
are
those
dedicated
to
the
Holy-Ghost
and
St.
Nicolas
,
but
the
Cathedral
,
in
which
the
Kings
are
usually
Crown'd
,
bears
the
name
of
St.
Mary
,
and
is
adorned
with
a
stately
Copper
Spire
,
built
at
the
proper
cost
and
charge
of
Christian
IV
.
the
present
King's
Grandfather
,
who
was
the
Founder
of
divers
other
noble
Structures
.
The
University
of
Copenhagen
was
founded
by
Christian
I.
in
1478
,
or
1479
,
and
this
Prince
procured
for
it
of
Pope
Sixtus
IV
.
the
same
Privileges
with
those
of
Bononia
in
Italy
.
Not
many
Years
ago
an
Academy
was
in
like
manner
established
here
,
for
the
Teaching
of
all
sorts
of
Martial
Exercises
,
as
Dancing
,
Vaulting
,
Riding
the
Great
Horse
,
&c.
besides
Foreign
Languages
,
and
the
Mathematical
Sciences
.
His
present
Danish
Majesty
has
much
improved
this
College
,
and
endow'd
it
with
considerable
Revenues
and
Privileges
.
Among
the
other
Publick
Buildings
,
the
chief
are
the
Citadel
,
the
Observatory
,
called
Runde
Taarn
,
or
the
Round
Tower
;
the
Royal
Palace
,
with
the
adjoyning
Gardens
and
Banqueting-house
of
Rosenburg
;
the
Exchange
,
and
the
Arsenal
,
which
is
undoubtedly
one
of
the
best
in
Europe
,
and
much
celebrated
for
that
wonderful
Celestial
Globe
,
of
six
Foot
Diameter
,
made
by
Tycho
Brahe
,
the
renowned
Danish
Astronomer
.
The
Market-place
is
extreamly
spacious
,
and
no
small
Ornament
to
the
City
,
which
is
governed
by
four
Burgo-Masters
,
one
of
whom
enjoys
the
Title
of
Regent
,
or
President
,
during
his
Life
.
It
1658
,
the
Swedish
Forces
under
the
Conduct
of
their
Valiant
King
Charles
Gustavus
,
marched
ove●
the
Ice
from
the
Country
of
Holstein
,
to
the
Island
of
Funen
,
and
having
harrassed
these
Territories
,
compelled
the
King
of
Denmark
to
accept
of
a
Peace
on
very
disadvantageous
Terms
.
In
the
next
Year
the
same
Prince
returned
with
his
Army
,
and
formally
invested
the
City
of
Copenhagen
,
but
was
at
last
forc'd
to
raise
the
Siege
.
ROSCHILD
,
or
ROSKILL
,
Roschildia
takes
its
name
from
a
River
with
which
it
is
watered
,
and
that
drives
seven
Mills
,
Roe
in
the
ancient
Danish
Language
signifying
a
King
,
and
Kille
a
Stream
of
Water
or
Brook
.
It
was
formerly
the
Metropolis
of
the
whole
Kingdom
,
and
once
contained
(
as
we
are
informed
by
Lyscander
)
no
less
than
Twenty
seven
fair
Churches
.
An
Episcopal
See
was
also
erected
there
by
Sueno
or
Suenotho
King
of
England
,
Denmark
,
Sweden
and
Norway
,
about
the
year
1012.
and
one
Gerebrard
a
Monk
was
ordain'd
the
first
Bishop
,
whose
Successours
had
the
honour
of
Crowning
the
Kings
of
Denmark
;
but
this
Bishoprick
has
been
since
united
to
that
of
Copenhagen
.
Afterward
Sueno
Gratenhede
caused
the
Town
to
be
fortify'd
with
a
Ditch
,
Wall
and
other
Ramparts
.
The
old
Cathedral
Church
is
famous
for
the
Tombs
of
many
Danish
Monarchs
,
some
whereof
are
very
sumptuous
and
magnificent
;
among
these
stands
a
fair
Marble
Pillar
,
on
which
Margaret
Queen
of
Denmark
hung
the
Whet-stone
she
had
receiv'd
from
Albert
King
of
Sweden
,
to
sharpen
her
Needles
.
But
this
unfortunate
Prince
paid
dear
for
his
Jest
;
for
being
defeated
by
the
Queen
in
a
bloody
Battle
,
he
was
detained
seven
Years
in
Prison
,
and
compell'd
to
renounce
all
his
Right
to
the
Kingdom
of
Sweden
.
Moreover
the
Town
of
Roschild
is
noted
for
a
Treaty
of
Peace
concluded
between
the
Swedes
and
Danes
,
Anno
1658.
ELSENEUR
,
ELSENORE
,
HELSCHENOER
,
HELSINGOR
,
or
HALSINGOR
,
is
so
nam'd
as
it
were
Halsen-Ore
,
i
.
e
.
an
Ear
in
the
Neck
,
as
being
at
first
only
a
Watch-Tower
(
built
on
the
Neck
or
streight
of
the
Sea
,
commonly
call'd
the
Sound
,
or
Oresound
;
it
is
also
probable
that
the
Castle
of
Helsingburg
on
the
opposite
Shore
of
Schonen
derives
its
name
from
the
same
Original
.
Between
these
two
Forts
pass
all
Vessels
that
Trade
into
the
Baltick
,
so
that
this
Streight
next
that
of
Gibraltar
may
well
be
esteem'd
the
most
frequented
and
considerable
of
any
in
Europe
.
The
Town
of
Elsenore
is
defended
by
the
Royal
and
Impregnable
Castle
of
Croneburg
,
which
commands
this
side
of
the
Sound
,
as
Helsingburg
secures
the
other
.
It
owes
its
foundation
to
Frederick
II
.
who
built
it
at
his
own
proper
Charges
with
Free-stone
brought
thither
out
of
Gothland
,
and
Cover'd
it
with
Copper
.
This
Fortress
has
been
for
many
Years
the
Seat
of
the
Danish
Monarchs
,
and
at
present
every
Ship
that
passeth
through
the
Streight
is
oblig'd
to
strike
Sail
thereto
.
Afterward
the
Master
is
to
come
to
a
Composition
in
the
Town
for
Custom
,
under
a
penalty
of
the
Confiscation
of
his
Vessel
and
all
its
Cargo
.
FREDERICKSBURG
,
Fredericoburgum
,
the
chief
Country
Palace
of
the
Kings
of
Denmark
,
stands
about
Twenty
English
Miles
from
Copenhagen
to
the
North-west
in
the
midst
of
a
Lake
,
the
Foundations
of
it
being
laid
in
the
Water
,
and
the
Passages
leading
thereto
over
several
Draw-bridges
.
It
was
formerly
only
a
Monastery
call'd
Ebelholt
,
and
dedicated
to
the
Holy
Ghost
,
of
which
Joannes
'
Parisiensis
who
was
Canoniz'd
for
a
Saint
,
is
said
to
have
been
Abbot
about
the
Year
1201.
The
lower
part
of
the
House
is
built
with
Free-stone
,
and
the
upper
with
Brick
,
having
been
first
begun
by
one
Harlef
a
Danish
Nobleman
,
who
sold
it
to
King
Frederick
II
.
Afterward
his
Son
Christian
IV
.
laid
out
vast
Sums
of
Money
in
inlarging
this
Royal
Palace
,
and
beautifyed
it
with
the
richest
Statues
,
Pictures
,
Hangings
and
other
sorts
of
Furniture
that
Europe
could
afford
,
but
it
was
not
entirely
finished
until
the
time
of
Frederick
III
.
The
adjoyning
Park
was
first
Stockt
with
Fallow-Deer
,
transported
thither
out
of
England
,
in
the
24th
.
Year
of
Queen
Elizabeths
Reign
,
and
adorn'd
with
large
Ponds
,
abundance
of
high
Trees
,
a
fair
Bathing
House
and
other
Embellishments
.
RINGSTEDE
is
seated
in
the
very
center
of
Seeland
,
being
a
Town
of
the
greatest
Antiquity
of
any
in
Denmark
,
except
Roschild
.
Many
of
the
Danish
Kings
were
interr'd
therein
,
particularly
King
Waldemar
I.
and
Eric
the
Pious
.
KALLENBURG
,
Callunda
aut
Callundeburgum
,
was
at
first
a
small
Village
,
known
by
the
name
of
Herwig
,
and
inhabited
only
by
Fishermen
.
But
Esbern
Brother
to
Axel
or
Absolon
Huyd
Arch-Bishop
of
Lunden
,
rais'd
it
to
the
dignity
of
a
City
about
A.
D.
1158.
or
(
according
to
the
opinion
of
others
)
in
1171.
and
Beautify'd
it
with
a
Castle
,
Church
,
and
divers
other
publick
Edifices
.
It
is
also
at
present
a
place
of
a
considerable
Trade
,
and
has
a
very
safe
and
commodious
Harbour
.
for
,
SOOR
or
SOER
,
Sora
,
is
remarkable
for
its
Situation
in
a
pleasant
Woody
Country
,
between
Slagen
and
Ringstede
.
The
abovementioned
Absolon
Huyd
Arch-Bishop
of
Lunden
and
Bishop
of
Roschild
first
founded
a
fair
Monastery
here
,
about
the
middle
of
the
XII
.
Century
,
and
endowed
it
with
large
Revenues
for
the
Maintenance
of
divers
learned
Men
,
among
whom
was
Saxo
Grammaticus
the
Famous
Author
of
the
Danish
History
.
Afterward
Esbern
the
said
Arch-Bishops
Brother
enlarg'd
it
,
and
augmented
the
Revenues
by
the
addition
of
fourteen
Villages
.
King
Frederick
II
.
in
like
manner
having
remov'd
the
School
which
he
had
established
at
Fredericksburg
for
the
Education
of
the
young
Nobility
in
this
place
,
made
a
further
Augmentation
of
the
Income
:
Insomuch
,
that
of
a
rich
Popish
Monastery
it
became
one
of
the
Noblest
Free-Schools
in
the
reformed
part
of
Christendom
,
which
was
turned
into
a
small
University
by
Christian
IV
.
who
appointed
Sallaries
for
a
certain
Number
of
Professors
,
and
at
the
same
time
constituted
an
Academy
furnished
with
able
Masters
for
the
Instructing
of
young
Gentlemen
in
all
sorts
of
Martial
Exercises
and
Acts
of
Chivalry
.
Thus
in
process
of
time
the
University
of
Sora
grew
to
be
the
most
famous
in
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Denmark
.
In
the
Year
1621.
the
Lands
of
the
demolished
Nunnery
of
Mariebo
in
Laland
were
given
thereto
;
but
at
present
these
and
all
the
other
large
Territories
formerly
belonging
to
this
University
are
possest
by
the
King
;
who
sometimes
talks
of
reestablishing
it
,
but
perhaps
a
stop
has
been
put
to
his
design
,
chiefly
through
the
dissuasion
of
the
Professors
at
Copenhagen
,
whose
Interest
it
is
to
hinder
the
Establishing
of
another
University
in
their
Neighbourhood
.
KOGE
,
Coagium
,
is
a
small
but
very
populous
Town
,
distant
about
16
Miles
from
Copenhagen
to
the
South
.
It
is
much
enricht
by
Traffick
,
and
more
especially
throng'd
with
Corn-Merchants
and
Fishmongers
.
AMAGA
,
or
AMAGER
,
Amagria
,
the
least
Island
of
the
Danish
Seas
,
lies
on
the
East
of
Copenhagen
,
about
six
English
Miles
in
length
,
four
in
breadth
,
and
fifteen
or
sixteen
in
compass
,
being
well
stockt
with
all
sorts
of
Fowl
and
Venison
.
It
likewise
brings
forth
much
Corn
,
and
furnishes
the
Markets
of
Copenhagen
every
Week
with
variety
of
Provisions
,
viz
:
Meat
,
Milk
,
Butter
,
Cheese
,
Hares
,
Domestick
Fowls
,
all
sorts
of
Herbs
,
&c.
whence
it
is
commonly
call'd
the
Nurse
of
this
City
,
and
(
as
some
think
)
took
its
name
;
for
Amaga
in
the
old
Teutonick
Tongue
signifies
a
Granary
or
Store-house
:
We
may
also
refer
thereto
the
Etymology
of
divers
Towns
in
Germany
and
elsewhere
ending
in
Magum
,
viz.
Drusomagum
,
Borbetomagum
,
Duromagum
,
Neomagum
,
&c.
In
this
Island
are
two
Parish
Churches
,
viz.
one
called
Hollander
Byes
Kirck
,
i
.
e
.
the
Dutch
Church
set
apart
for
the
use
of
a
Colony
of
that
Nation
,
above
150
Years
ago
by
King
Christian
II
.
and
the
other
Torne
Byes
Kirck
,
which
belongs
to
the
Natives
.
The
Swedish
Forces
made
a
Descent
on
this
Island
,
on
the
9th
.
of
October
Anno
1658.
and
the
next
day
burnt
all
the
Villages
in
it
;
but
on
the
10th
of
December
following
,
their
King
Charles
Gustavus
,
and
General
Wrangel
were
forced
to
leave
their
Army
engag'd
in
Battle
,
and
to
escape
by
flight
in
a
Fisher-mans
Boat
.
FUNEN
,
Fionia
is
situated
between
Seeland
and
Jutland
,
being
separated
from
the
former
by
the
Beltis-Sundt
,
or
great
Belt
,
and
from
the
later
by
the
lesser
Belt
or
Middelfarsundt
.
Its
name
(
according
to
the
conjecture
of
Stephanius
)
is
derived
from
the
word
Fion
,
which
in
the
old
Runick
Monuments
denotes
a
Neck
of
Land
rent
from
the
Continent
.
It
is
the
largest
Island
next
to
Seeland
,
of
any
in
the
Dominions
of
the
King
of
Denmark
,
reaching
about
10
German
Miles
in
length
from
East
to
West
,
as
also
8
in
Breadth
,
and
190
English
Miles
in
Compass
.
It
contains
above
250
fair
Villages
,
and
264
Parish
Churches
.
This
Island
abounds
with
all
manner
of
Grain
,
especially
Wheat
,
Rye
,
and
Barley
:
So
that
great
Quantities
thereof
are
transported
thence
Yearly
into
other
Countries
.
Here
are
also
numerous
Herds
of
Cattle
,
and
very
good
breeds
of
Horses
;
not
to
mention
that
the
Woods
which
overspread
almost
the
whole
Island
,
are
extreamly
well
Stor'd
with
Deer
,
Hares
,
Foxes
and
other
sorts
of
Game
.
ODENSEE
or
OTTENSEE
,
Ottonia
,
took
its
Name
(
as
some
say
)
from
Woden
,
otherwise
called
Othin
or
Odin
,
the
great
Idol
of
the
ancient
Danes
,
and
others
with
greater
probability
give
it
out
that
it
was
first
founded
by
Otho
I.
Emperor
of
Germany
,
who
invaded
a
great
part
of
the
Danish
Territories
,
and
left
his
name
in
several
Places
.
But
Pontanus
makes
King
Harold
its
Founder
,
who
to
testify
his
gratitude
to
the
said
Emperor
,
through
whose
persuasion
he
had
embrac'd
the
Christian
Religion
,
named
the
Town
Ottensche
,
and
his
Son
Suenotho
.
This
City
stands
in
the
very
heart
of
the
Island
14
Miles
North
of
Sleswick
,
and
18
West
of
Copenhagen
,
and
is
on
that
account
a
fit
place
for
the
Sessions
of
the
Nobility
and
Magistracy
yearly
held
here
,
as
were
likewise
the
General
Conventions
of
the
States
of
the
Realm
before
the
Year
1660.
It
is
also
Dignified
with
a
Bishops
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Lunden
,
which
was
erected
A.
C.
950.
The
Houses
are
generally
well
Built
,
and
the
Streets
very
uniform
.
Among
other
publick
Buildings
are
two
fair
Churches
,
viz.
one
Dedicated
to
St.
Francis
,
and
the
other
to
St.
Cnute
;
not
far
from
the
latter
of
these
stands
a
stately
Town-house
,
on
a
very
spacious
Market-place
,
where
the
ancient
League
between
the
Crown
of
Denmark
,
and
the
Dukes
of
Holstein
and
Sleswick
was
renewed
by
King
Frederick
II
.
A.
D.
1575.
St.
Canutus
King
of
Denmark
was
Murder'd
in
St.
Albans
Church
in
the
same
City
A.
D.
1077.
or
1078.
but
the
Workmen
as
they
were
repairing
the
Quire
of
the
Church
which
now
bears
his
Name
,
found
in
a
Vault
his
Body
laid
in
a
Copper
Coffin
Guilt
and
adorn'd
with
precious
Stones
,
together
with
an
Inscription
in
old
Latin
Gothick
Characters
.
NYBURG
is
seated
over
against
Corsaer
in
Seeland
,
and
has
a
capacious
and
safe
Port
,
capable
of
Harbouring
a
great
number
of
Vessels
,
even
of
the
largest
size
.
It
is
one
of
the
principal
Towns
in
the
Isle
of
Funen
,
and
the
usual
passage
from
thence
into
Seeland
,
having
been
first
Fortified
with
a
Moat
and
Ramparts
by
King
Christian
III
.
It
is
also
famous
for
the
memorable
Battle
Fought
by
the
Confederate
Forces
of
the
Empire
,
Brandenburg
,
Poland
and
the
Low
Countries
against
the
Swedes
,
in
the
Year
1659.
who
were
defeated
in
that
Engagement
,
and
totally
routed
out
of
Funen
.
MIDDELFARE
lyes
on
the
common
passage
from
this
Isle
to
Kolding
in
Jutland
;
and
is
noted
for
the
Expedition
of
Charles
Gustavus
King
of
Sweden
,
who
having
led
his
Army
over
the
Ice
to
this
place
on
the
10th
day
of
January
A.
D.
1658.
put
the
Danes
to
flight
,
and
made
himself
absolute
Master
of
the
whole
Island
of
Funen
.
SWYNBURG
stands
over
against
the
Island
of
Langeland
,
and
is
in
like
manner
celebrated
for
the
passage
of
the
Swedish
Forces
over
the
Ice
into
Seeland
in
the
same
Year
1658.
LANGELAND
is
a
narrow
Island
so
call'd
from
its
oblong
form
,
and
extended
between
Funen
,
Seeland
and
Laland
,
about
28
Miles
in
Length
,
and
only
8
in
Breadth
.
The
principal
Town
is
RUDKOPING
,
which
the
Danish
Writers
call
a
City
,
tho'
it
is
a
very
mean
one
,
and
not
at
all
considerable
for
its
Traffick
.
In
this
Island
are
likewise
contain'd
16
Parish
Churches
,
and
many
Noblemens
Seats
,
besides
the
strong
Fort
of
Traneker
,
which
is
well
furnished
with
all
manner
of
Military
Ammunition
.
LALAND
or
LAWLAND
,
Lalandia
is
separated
from
Seeland
by
the
narrow
streight
of
Gronesound
or
Goldersond
(
as
it
is
written
in
some
Maps
)
and
from
Falster
by
a
much
narrower
Bay
.
This
Island
takes
its
name
from
its
low
Situation
,
and
reaches
about
32
English
miles
in
Length
,
and
20
in
Breadth
,
containing
(
according
to
the
computation
of
Lyscander
)
four
several
Herrits
or
Lordships
,
[
Gentes
]
and
as
many
Cities
or
large
Towns
.
It
is
also
extreamly
Fruitful
,
affording
abundance
of
Corn
and
good
store
of
rich
Pasturage
.
NASKAW
or
NACHSCOW
is
the
chief
Town
of
Laland
,
and
its
Fortifications
are
considerable
;
nevertheless
it
was
storm'd
and
burnt
,
together
with
the
adjoyning
Monastery
by
the
Lubeckers
,
in
the
Year
1510.
but
made
a
long
resistance
against
the
Swedish
Forces
in
1659.
NEWSTADT
was
once
famous
for
a
noble
Monastery
founded
there
A.D.
1286.
and
the
Nunnery
of
MARIEBO
mentioned
in
the
Description
of
for
was
sometime
as
remarkable
a
place
as
any
in
the
whole
Isle
of
Laland
.
FALSTER
,
Falstria
lies
Southwest
from
Monen
,
and
is
not
above
16
English
Miles
in
length
,
but
is
much
celebrated
for
its
Fruitfulness
and
plenty
of
Provisions
,
supplying
not
only
its
own
Inhabitants
with
Corn
,
but
also
a
great
part
of
the
Dutchy
of
Mecklenburg
,
and
divers
other
Territories
of
Germany
.
NICOPING
is
one
of
the
most
pleasant
and
best
built
Towns
in
the
whole
Kingdom
,
and
on
that
account
it
is
stiled
by
Dr.
Heylyn
the
Naples
of
Denmark
.
It
is
distant
11
miles
from
Copenhagen
to
the
South
.
STABECOPING
is
a
place
of
some
Trade
,
chiefly
caus'd
by
the
Passengers
that
continually
resort
hither
between
Seeland
and
Germany
.
MON
,
MEUN
,
or
MONEN
is
a
Chalky
Island
lying
to
the
North-East
of
Falster
,
about
30
English
Miles
in
circuit
,
and
serving
for
a
good
Landmark
to
the
German
Vessels
that
frequent
those
Seas
.
It
was
formerly
annexed
(
as
Lyscander
informs
us
)
to
the
personal
Estate
of
the
Danish
Admirals
,
as
a
place
thought
to
be
most
convenient
of
any
within
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Denmark
for
the
residence
of
such
an
Officer
.
Indeed
it
defended
it self
better
in
the
Year
1659.
against
the
Attacks
of
the
Swedes
,
than
any
of
the
larger
Islands
,
as
STEKOE
its
capital
Town
long
before
gallantly
withstood
the
Lubeckers
in
1510.
and
at
last
compell'd
them
to
retreat
.
ALSEN
,
Alsena
a
small
Island
lies
over
against
the
Bay
of
Flensburg
,
and
is
separated
only
by
a
narrow
Frith
or
Arm
of
the
Sea
from
the
Country
of
Sleswick
.
It
is
extremely
fruitful
,
pleasant
and
populous
,
containing
4
Towns
and
13
Parishes
,
so
that
several
thousands
of
stout
Soldiers
may
be
rais'd
there
upon
occasion
in
a
very
short
time
.
The
places
of
greatest
importance
in
this
Isle
are
the
Forts
of
SUNDERBURG
and
NORBURG
which
have
given
Titles
to
two
Dukes
of
the
House
of
Holstein
;
the
former
of
these
was
anciently
the
usual
Seat
of
the
Dukes
of
Sleswick
,
and
is
as
yet
one
of
the
strongest
Holds
in
the
Territories
of
Denmark
,
having
not
long
since
resolutely
sustained
the
Attacks
of
Wrangel
the
Swedish
General
,
and
even
forced
him
at
last
to
quit
the
whole
Island
.
The
Island
of
FEMEREN
,
Femera
aut
Femeria
is
situated
on
the
Coasts
of
Wagerland
,
and
parted
from
thence
by
a
very
small
Channel
.
Indeed
this
little
Plot
of
Ground
has
been
ever
esteemed
one
of
the
Keys
of
Denmark
on
the
side
of
Germany
,
and
on
that
account
King
Christian
IV
.
in
the
Year
1628.
caus'd
the
most
considerable
places
in
it
,
more
especially
BURG
,
to
be
secured
with
strong
Garrisons
,
and
fortified
the
old
Castles
which
had
been
slighted
by
some
of
his
Predecessors
.
The
Island
of
BORNHOLM
lies
in
the
Baltick
Sea
,
near
the
Continent
of
Schonen
,
and
includes
some
small
Towns
that
have
often
suffered
Damage
during
the
Wars
with
the
Swedes
,
to
whom
it
was
surrendered
by
vertue
of
the
Treaty
of
Roschild
concluded
between
the
two
Northern
Crowns
,
A.
D.
1658.
But
the
Danes
have
since
redeemed
it
by
the
exchange
of
several
Lands
in
Schonen
.
WEEN
is
a
small
Island
,
situated
in
the
streight
of
the
Sound
,
between
Seeland
and
Schonen
,
and
was
formerly
famous
for
the
Castle
or
Tower
of
Uraniburg
,
in
which
that
Noble
Danish
Baron
named
Tycho
Brahe
frequently
made
Astronomical
Observations
,
but
it
is
now
demolish'd
and
lyes
Buried
in
its
ruins
.
The
same
renowned
Mathematician
in
like
manner
built
a
Dungeon
call'd
Stelliburg
,
beset
with
Looking-Glasses
,
and
Chrystals
,
where
he
was
wont
to
sit
and
observe
the
Stars
in
all
Seasons
.
SAMSOE
,
Samsoa
aut
Samos
Danica
,
lies
between
Seeland
and
Jutland
,
almost
over
against
the
City
of
Arhusen
to
the
East
.
It
is
an
Island
of
a
very
small
extent
,
yet
has
been
lately
erected
into
a
County
by
Christian
V.
the
present
King
of
Denmark
,
in
favour
of
Madam
Mote
Countess
of
Samsoe
a
Citizens
Daughter
of
Copenhaguen
,
on
whom
this
Prince
has
begot
two
Natural
Sons
.
OLDENBURG
and
DELMENHORST
are
two
Counties
in
Germany
that
lye
together
,
but
are
separated
from
all
the
rest
of
the
King
of
Denmark's
Dominions
;
the
two
Rivers
,
Elb
and
Weser
,
and
the
Dutchy
of
Bremen
interposing
between
them
and
Holstein
to
the
North-East
;
they
are
also
bounded
on
the
West
by
East-Friesland
and
the
County
of
Embden
;
on
the
South
by
part
of
the
Bishoprick
of
Munster
;
and
on
the
North
by
the
German
Ocean
.
These
Territories
are
enclos'd
within
the
Circle
of
Westphalia
,
and
extended
about
35
English
miles
in
Diameter
.
The
Country
of
Oldenburg
is
for
the
most
part
flat
and
Moorish
,
much
expos'd
to
the
Inundations
of
the
Sea
;
nevertheless
abounds
in
rich
Pastures
for
Cattle
,
and
more
especially
affords
Fodder
to
an
excellent
Breed
of
Horses
introduced
some
Years
ago
by
Antony
Hunter
,
the
last
Count
descended
from
Wittekind
the
first
Duke
of
Saxony
,
whose
Line
entirely
failing
in
the
Year
1676.
this
County
fell
into
the
possession
of
the
King
of
Denmark
,
who
derives
his
Extraction
from
the
Eldest
Branch
of
the
Counts
of
Oldenburg
.
Delmenhorst
is
situated
on
a
higher
ground
,
and
beset
with
Woods
.
But
the
Nature
of
these
Countries
is
shewn
more
at
large
in
the
Description
of
Germany
.
A
Chronological
TABLE
,
shewing
the
Succession
of
the
Kings
of
Denmark
,
since
the
year
of
our
Lord
930.
The
first
Christian
Monarch
of
this
Kingdom
.
|
A.
D.
|
Years
.
|
1.
Harald
VI
.
|
930
|
Reigned
50
|
2.
Suen
,
or
Sueno
II
.
|
980
|
34
|
3.
Canut
,
or
Knute
II
.
Sirnam'd
the
Great
.
|
1014
|
21
|
4.
Canut
III
.
|
1036
|
9
|
5.
Magnus
the
Norwegian
.
|
1045
|
4
|
6.
Sueno
III
.
|
1049
|
27
|
7.
Harold
VII
.
the
Idle
.
|
1074
|
2
|
8.
Canut
IV
.
|
1076
|
9
|
9.
Olaus
|
1085
|
10
|
10.
Eric
III
.
|
1095
|
7
|
11.
Harold
VIII
.
or
Nicolas
.
|
1102
|
33
|
12.
Eric
IV
.
|
1135
|
4
|
13.
Eric
V.
|
1139
|
8
|
14.
Canut
V.
|
1147
|
8
|
15.
Sueno
IV
.
|
1155
|
2
|
16.
Waldemar
I.
|
1157
|
28
|
17.
Canut
VI
.
|
1185
|
18
|
18.
Waldemar
II
.
|
1202
|
40
|
19.
Eric
VI
.
|
1241
|
8
|
20.
Abel
|
1250
|
2
|
21.
Christopher
I.
|
1252
|
7
|
22.
Eric
VII
.
the
Old
|
1259
|
27
|
23.
Eric
VIII
.
the
Young
.
|
1286
|
35
|
24.
Christopher
II
.
|
1321
|
12
|
25.
Waldemar
III
.
|
1333
|
42
|
26.
Margaret
and
Haquin
.
|
1376
|
37
|
27.
Eric
IX
.
|
1412
about
|
26
|
An
Interreign
of
Six
Years
.
|
28.
Christopher
III
.
|
1445
|
3
|
29.
Christiern
or
Christian
I.
|
1448
|
34
|
30.
John
|
1482
|
32
|
31.
Christian
II
.
deposed
|
1513
|
10
|
32.
Frederick
I.
the
Pacifick
.
|
1523
|
11
|
33.
Christian
III
.
|
1534
|
24
|
34.
Frederick
II
.
|
1559
|
29
|
35.
Christian
IV
.
|
1588
|
60
|
Christian
Elected
.
|
36.
Frederick
III
.
|
1648
|
22
|
37.
Christian
V.
|
1670
|
Reigning
|
CHAP.
IX
.
NORWAY
,
Norwegia
.
ALTHO'
some
Mythological
Writers
derive
the
Name
of
this
Country
from
Nor
,
the
Son
of
the
Idol
Thor
and
Grand-child
of
Woden
,
vainly
supposed
to
have
been
the
first
great
Captain
of
the
Norwegians
;
Nevertheless
it
is
certain
that
Norway
or
Norwegen
(
as
the
Germans
write
the
Word
)
signifies
no
more
than
the
Northern
Way
or
Road
.
And
indeed
in
the
Vulgar
Tongue
of
the
Natives
,
as
also
of
the
Danes
and
Swedes
,
it
is
commonly
call'd
Norrick
,
and
by
contraction
Norck
,
i
.
e
.
The
Northern
Kingdom
.
Thus
all
the
Cimbrian
Kingdoms
were
anciently
named
Regna
Norica
,
and
these
People
are
styl'd
Nordliudi
by
Helmoldus
,
Nordliod
or
Nordeleut
in
the
Northern
Languages
,
denoting
the
People
of
the
North
.
The
Kingdom
of
Norway
is
bounded
on
the
North
,
West
and
South
by
the
Ocean
,
and
on
the
East
by
many
small
Lakes
,
and
a
long
Chain
of
Mountains
which
separate
it
from
Sweden
,
being
extended
from
the
59th
.
Degree
to
the
71.
of
Latitude
,
and
from
the
23th
.
Degree
of
Longitude
to
the
52.
so
that
the
whole
Continent
takes
up
1300
English
Miles
in
Length
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
the
entrance
of
the
Baltick
Sea
almost
to
the
North
Cape
,
and
250
in
its
greatest
Breadth
.
The
Air
is
so
extreme
cold
,
more
especially
towards
the
North
,
that
the
Soil
brings
forth
little
Fruit
.
The
Eastern
side
of
the
Country
is
full
of
Sands
,
craggy
Rocks
and
inaccessible
Mountains
,
as
the
Western
is
beset
with
large
Gulphs
and
some
Rivers
,
yet
scarce
any
of
them
are
Navigable
,
except
that
of
Glama
;
insomuch
that
those
parts
are
very
thin
Peopled
,
but
in
the
Southern
are
greater
store
of
Inhabitants
who
dwell
in
pleasant
Valleys
environ'd
with
barren
and
Rocky
Hills
,
the
Air
being
much
more
temperate
there
,
as
also
all
along
the
Western
Coasts
.
The
rest
of
the
Country
is
overspread
with
Woods
and
Forests
,
abounding
more
especially
in
Fir
Trees
,
furnishing
a
very
considerable
part
of
Europe
with
Deal-boards
for
the
Building
of
Houses
,
and
huge
Masts
for
Ships
.
On
the
Northern
and
Western
Coasts
lye
a
great
number
of
Islands
,
the
most
remarkable
whereof
are
these
,
viz.
Maghero
,
Suro
,
Samen
,
Trommes
,
Stegen
,
Lofoten
,
Hiteren
,
&c.
Maginus
makes
mention
of
a
certain
Lake
near
Drontheim
,
the
Waters
of
which
are
never
Frozen
,
notwithstanding
the
excessive
coldness
of
the
Season
;
and
near
the
Isle
of
Hiteren
is
a
dangerous
Whirl-pool
,
well
known
by
the
name
of
the
Maelstroome
,
wherein
Vessels
are
often
swallowed
up
with
their
whole
Cargo
.
Some
other
Islands
depend
in
like
manner
on
this
Kingdom
,
as
Iseland
,
Groenland
,
Spitsberg
,
Fero
and
Orkney
;
but
the
King
of
Denmark's
pretensions
to
the
two
last
have
been
relinquished
,
and
his
whole
Right
resign'd
to
James
VI
.
King
of
Scotland
,
and
afterward
of
the
whole
Island
of
Great
Britain
.
The
ancient
Inhabitants
of
Norway
were
very
formidable
,
and
notorious
Pirats
.
For
they
made
frequent
Descents
on
the
low
Countries
,
Britain
and
France
,
and
having
subdu'd
Neustria
,
a
Province
in
the
last
Kingdom
,
impos'd
on
it
the
name
of
Normandy
,
insomuch
that
this
Supplication
was
inserted
in
all
the
Litanies
of
those
times
,
A
furore
Normannorum
libera
nos
Domine
;
From
the
fury
of
the
Normans
Good
Lord
deliver
us
.
It
is
also
recorded
in
the
History
of
the
same
Nation
,
that
they
over-ran
Apulia
,
Sicily
,
Prussia
,
Hemi-Gallia
and
Carelsia
,
and
settled
Colonies
in
those
several
Countries
;
besides
that
it
is
generally
believ'd
that
they
Peopled
Iseland
after
they
had
withdrawn
themselves
from
the
Dominions
of
Harald
Harfager
.
However
at
this
day
the
Seas
are
scarce
any
where
so
secure
as
on
the
Coasts
of
Norway
,
and
the
present
Norwegians
are
naturally
endu'd
with
much
simplicity
and
integrity
,
entertaining
Strangers
with
a
great
deal
of
Courtesie
.
They
are
also
hardy
,
laborious
and
just
in
their
Dealings
,
esteeming
themselves
much
Superiour
to
the
Danes
,
whom
they
ignominiously
term
Jutes
,
altho'
constrain'd
to
submit
to
their
Yoak
:
For
the
King
of
Denmark
treats
them
rigorously
enough
,
allowing
them
little
or
no
Shipping
,
and
seldom
or
never
making
use
of
any
of
this
Nation
in
his
Wars
as
being
loth
to
trust
them
with
Arms.
The
Christian
Religion
was
first
introduc'd
into
those
parts
by
Olaus
the
Son
of
King
Trigon
,
A.
D.
955.
and
propagated
by
Harold
in
1018.
The
Inhabitants
of
Norway
now
profess
the
same
Religion
as
the
Danes
,
as
likewise
do
those
of
the
Bordering
Territories
of
Lapland
,
except
some
who
adore
the
Sun
,
Fire
,
Forests
,
Serpents
,
&c.
Indeed
Lapland
is
the
only
place
in
Europe
wherein
are
found
any
Idolaters
.
The
Revenues
of
his
Danish
Majesty
in
Norway
amounting
yearly
to
800000
Rix-Dollars
,
proceed
chiefly
from
the
profit
of
the
Fishing
Trade
,
of
which
he
receives
a
tenth
part
,
as
also
from
the
Exportation
of
Timber
of
all
kinds
,
Masts
,
Pitch
and
Tarr
taken
out
of
their
Forests
,
by
divers
Nations
,
especially
the
English
and
Hollanders
,
between
whom
and
this
Prince
several
particular
Treaties
have
been
ratify'd
on
that
account
.
Furthermore
,
the
Mountains
afford
some
Mines
of
Silver
,
Copper
and
Iron
,
which
nevertheless
are
not
very
considerable
:
But
the
Valleys
yield
good
store
of
Barley
and
Fodder
to
numerous
Herds
of
Cattle
,
insomuch
that
great
quantities
of
Hides
,
Tallow
,
Butter
and
Cheese
are
Exported
thence
every
Year
.
Besides
these
Commodities
there
is
a
Staple
Trade
for
Iron
,
Stock-fish
,
and
Train-Oyl
,
which
is
vended
throughout
all
the
Countries
of
Europe
.
The
whole
Kingdom
of
Norway
is
commonly
divided
into
two
large
Provinces
,
viz.
the
Norehern
and
Southern
,
and
Govern'd
by
a
Vice-Roy
,
or
as
they
call
him
,
Stadt-holder
,
sent
thither
by
the
Court
of
Denmark
,
who
acts
as
it
were
an
absolute
Soveraign
,
and
disposes
of
all
things
at
his
Pleasure
.
This
Dignity
is
now
enjoy'd
by
his
high
Excellency
Count
Guldenlieu
,
Natural
Brother
to
the
present
King
Christian
V.
There
are
also
five
other
General
Governours
or
Magistrates
who
preside
over
five
several
Provinces
,
and
are
assisted
by
many
other
inferiour
Officers
:
The
first
of
these
is
of
Aggerhus
,
the
second
of
Bergen
,
the
third
of
Drontheim
,
the
fourth
of
Wardhuys
and
the
fifth
of
Bahus
,
altho
this
last
place
is
now
in
the
Possession
of
the
Swedes
.
NORWAY
Divided
into
two
Parts
.
-
1.
The
Continent
wherein
are
Five
Governments
.
-
1.
Aggerhus
,
in
which
are
contain'd
these
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Anslo
,
Opslo
,
or
Christiana
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Scheen
.
-
Moss
.
-
Hollen
.
-
Tolen
.
-
Dosre
.
-
Friderickstadt
.
-
Gustal
.
-
Hammar
.
-
Tronsberg
.
-
2.
Berghen
,
in
which
are
-
Berghen
Bish
.
C.
-
Haluo
.
-
Soyden
.
-
Eiden
.
-
Lund
.
-
Jelso
.
-
Hemeland
.
-
Northolm
.
-
Arnedal
.
-
Staffanger
,
Bish
.
-
3.
Drontheim
,
in
which
are
these
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Drontheim
,
Archbish
.
C.
-
Wisk
.
-
Ostraford
.
-
Malager
.
-
Alenby
.
-
Schordael
.
-
Opdael
.
-
Store
.
-
Olsfeuk
.
-
Melus
.
-
Mellung
.
-
Wardal
.
-
Evene
.
-
4.
Wardhus
,
in
which
are
-
Wardhus
,
Cap.
-
Hoop
.
-
Tannebay
.
-
Warangar
.
-
Wesick
.
-
5.
Bahus
,
in
which
are
-
Bahus
,
Cap.
-
Maelstrand
.
-
Oddevalla
.
-
Berg
.
-
Feet
.
-
Aremark
.
-
Esberg
.
-
2.
The
Principal
Islands
on
the
Western
Coasts
.
-
Maghero
.
-
Suro
.
-
Samin
.
-
Trommes
.
-
Stegen
.
-
Loffoten
.
-
Hitoren
.
AGGERHUS
,
Aggerhusia
is
a
Castle
situated
on
the
Gulph
of
Anslo
,
within
a
League
of
the
Town
of
that
name
.
It
has
also
given
its
name
to
the
whole
Province
,
and
is
memorable
for
the
brave
resistance
it
made
against
the
Swedish
Forces
,
in
the
Year
1567
,
that
were
shamefully
beat
back
after
they
had
laid
Siege
thereto
18
Weeks
together
.
The
Province
of
Aggerhus
being
240
Miles
long
,
affords
a
considerable
Revenue
in
Fish
and
Timber
to
the
King
of
Denmark
.
It
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Drontheim
,
on
the
South
by
the
Sound
,
on
the
East
by
Bergen
,
on
the
West
by
the
Territories
of
Sweden
.
ANSLO
,
or
OPSLO
,
Ansloa
,
Ansloga
aut
Christiania
,
is
the
Metropolis
of
the
Government
of
Aggerhus
,
and
the
See
of
a
Prelate
Suffragan
to
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Drentheim
,
from
whence
it
is
distant
about
300
Miles
,
as
also
60
North
of
Frederickstadt
,
120
East
of
Berghen
,
140
off
Bahus
,
and
only
35
from
the
Baltick
Sea
.
This
City
owes
its
Foundation
to
King
Harold
,
Contemporary
with
Sueno
Esthrith
King
of
Denmark
,
who
frequently
kept
his
Court
there
;
but
was
miserably
laid
wast
by
a
dreadful
Fire
which
happen'd
in
the
time
of
Christian
IV
.
King
of
Denmark
and
Norway
,
who
rebuilt
it
A.
D.
1614
,
and
gave
it
the
name
of
Christiania
,
which
is
as
yet
retain'd
among
the
Danes
and
others
.
Not
long
before
,
in
the
same
Town
,
were
celebrated
the
Nuptial
Solemnities
between
James
VI
.
King
of
Scotland
,
as
also
afterward
of
England
,
and
Ann
the
Daughter
of
Frederick
II
.
King
of
Denmark
,
on
the
23d
.
day
of
November
,
A.
D.
1589.
In
the
City
of
Anslo
is
held
the
chief
Court
of
Judicature
for
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Norway
,
all
Causes
and
Suits
at
Law
being
there
heard
and
determin'd
before
the
Vice-Roy
.
The
Cathedral
is
dedicated
to
St.
Alward
,
and
in
it
is
shewn
the
Sword
of
Haquin
,
one
of
their
most
ancient
Monarchs
,
the
Hilt
whereof
is
made
with
Crystal
,
wrought
and
polish'd
with
most
curious
Workmanship
.
HOLLEN
is
distant
only
half
a
Mile
from
Scheen
,
being
a
Parish
very
remarkable
for
a
Burying-place
on
the
Top
of
a
Church
dedicated
to
St.
Michael
,
which
is
cut
out
of
a
high
Rock
,
commonly
call'd
Vear
,
by
the
neighbouring
Inhabitants
,
and
situated
on
the
Lake
Nordsee
.
Olaus
Wormius
is
of
opinion
that
it
was
formerly
an
Heathenish
Temple
,
but
us'd
by
the
Christians
even
upon
the
first
planting
of
the
true
Religion
in
this
Realm
.
HAMMAR
,
or
HAMMER
,
Hammaria
stands
about
20
German
Miles
Northward
of
Anslo
,
or
Opslo
,
and
was
formerly
dignified
with
a
Bishop's
See
,
which
is
now
united
to
that
of
the
same
City
of
Anslo
.
Near
this
Town
is
the
Island
Moos
,
where
(
if
we
may
give
credit
to
the
report
of
Olaus
Magnus
,
)
a
monstrous
Serpent
always
appears
before
any
notable
Revolution
or
Alteration
in
the
State
or
Government
of
the
Kingdom
of
Norway
.
The
Government
or
Diocess
of
BERGHEN
,
to
the
North
of
that
of
Aggerhuse
,
is
the
most
fruitful
and
pleasantest
part
of
the
whole
Continent
of
Norway
,
lying
as
it
were
in
its
heart
or
center
.
Its
name
being
deriv'd
from
the
noble
Mart-Town
of
Berghen
,
or
else
from
the
strong
Fort
of
Bergenhuse
,
or
Palace
of
the
Vice-Roy
,
at
a
small
distance
from
Berghen
Northward
.
BERGHEN
,
Berga
,
the
Capital
Town
of
the
Province
of
the
same
Denomination
,
is
surrounded
almost
on
all
sides
with
high
Mountains
,
whence
it
has
its
name
,
and
seated
on
the
winding
Bay
of
Jeita
Fioerd
,
about
60
German
Miles
by
Land
,
and
100
by
Sea
North-West
of
Bahus
;
as
many
South-West
of
Drontheim
;
70
West
of
Stockholm
;
almost
80
North-West
of
Cape
Schagen
,
the
outmost
Promontory
of
Jutland
;
30
East
from
the
nearest
Coasts
of
Scotland
,
and
220
from
Wardhus
,
the
most
remote
Northern
Fortress
of
Norway
.
It
is
indeed
the
largest
,
most
beautiful
and
populous
City
of
the
whole
Kingdom
,
having
obtain'd
divers
Privileges
of
the
Kings
of
Denmark
;
so
that
it
is
become
very
famous
for
the
resort
of
a
great
number
of
Merchants
of
different
Nations
,
and
more
especially
for
its
Traffick
with
the
English
,
Hollanders
,
and
Hanse-Towns
of
Germany
,
being
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
,
built
on
the
Western
side
of
the
Harbour
,
which
is
extremely
commodious
,
and
capable
of
containing
Vessels
of
above
200
Tuns
.
It
is
also
the
usual
place
of
residence
of
the
Vice-Roy
of
Norway
,
and
the
See
of
a
Prelate
Suffragan
to
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Drontheim
.
The
Buildings
not
long
ago
were
very
mean
and
contemptible
,
consisting
for
the
most
part
in
Timber-work
,
and
Thatch'd
only
on
the
Top
with
Turf
,
until
of
late
the
Hamburgers
,
Lubeckers
,
Hollanders
,
and
other
Traders
in
these
Parts
,
caus'd
the
Town
to
be
beautified
with
an
Exchange
,
and
a
great
number
of
fair
private
Houses
.
The
peculiar
Trade
of
this
City
lies
in
Stock-Fish
,
thence
usually
call'd
by
the
Norway
Merchants
Berghen-visch
,
which
are
taken
on
these
Coasts
in
the
Month
of
January
,
and
dry'd
during
the
Winter-Season
in
the
cold
and
sharp
Air
;
besides
that
,
divers
sorts
of
Skins
and
Furs
,
together
with
vast
quantities
of
Hides
,
Tallow
,
Butter
,
&c.
are
convey'd
hither
from
all
parts
of
Norway
to
be
transported
thence
into
other
Countries
;
so
that
Berghen
may
well
be
esteem'd
the
Magazine
and
principal
Mart-Town
of
the
whole
Kingdom
.
In
the
Year
1665
,
a
Squadron
of
English
Ships
enter'd
into
the
Port
,
and
falling
upon
the
Dutch
East-India
Fleet
,
would
have
certainly
destroy'd
it
,
had
not
the
Winds
been
contrary
;
so
that
the
Hollanders
found
means
to
draw
their
Cannon
ashore
for
their
defence
.
STAFFANGER
,
Stafangria
aut
Stavangria
,
is
situated
in
a
Peninsula
upon
a
spacious
Bay
of
the
German
Ocean
,
full
of
small
Islands
,
and
guarded
by
the
strong
Fortress
of
Doeswick
,
about
two
English
Miles
from
the
Town
,
which
is
distant
90
Miles
from
Berghen
to
the
South
,
and
60
from
the
Coasts
of
the
Baltick
Sea
.
The
Harbour
is
very
large
and
safe
,
and
the
Town
,
tho'
of
a
small
extent
,
is
dignified
with
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Drontheim
.
In
Civil
Affairs
it
is
subject
to
the
Governour
of
Bergenhuse
,
and
in
Ecclesiastical
to
its
own
Bishop
,
who
constantly
resides
therein
.
The
whole
Bishoprick
is
divided
into
several
Destricts
,
viz.
those
of
Stavangersleen
,
Dalarne
,
Jaren
,
Listerleen
,
Mandalsleen
,
Nedelesleen
,
and
Abygdelag
.
The
third
Government
and
Castle
in
the
Kingdom
of
Norway
is
that
of
the
City
of
DRONTHEIM
,
or
TRONTHEIM
,
Nidrosia
,
which
stands
on
the
Coasts
of
the
Northern
Ocean
,
and
at
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Nider
,
from
whence
its
Latin
name
is
derived
;
yet
small
Vessels
can
only
pass
into
its
Port
,
by
reason
of
the
Rocks
that
obstruct
the
entrance
of
the
Barr.
It
is
distant
75
German
Miles
from
Berghen
to
the
North
,
as
also
120
from
Stockholm
,
and
has
enjoy'd
the
Title
of
a
Metropolitan
Arch-Bishoprick
ever
since
the
time
of
Pope
Eugenius
III
.
It
was
heretofore
a
large
City
,
and
the
Royal
Seat
of
the
ancient
Kings
of
Norway
,
but
its
Grandeur
is
now
very
much
impair'd
,
insomuch
that
lying
every
where
open
,
and
being
destitute
of
Walls
,
Bulwarks
and
Trenches
,
it
resembles
a
Village
rather
than
a
Town
.
It
has
also
suffer'd
much
damage
thro'
many
Conflagrations
,
particularly
in
1522
,
and
its
stately
Cathedral
,
dedicated
to
St.
Olaus
,
which
surpass'd
in
beauty
all
the
Churches
of
the
Northern
Countries
,
was
thereby
reduc'd
to
Ashes
,
the
Royal
Palace
being
likewise
decay'd
,
even
below
the
meanness
of
an
English
Cottage
.
The
City
of
Drontheim
,
together
with
the
whole
Government
of
the
same
name
,
was
granted
to
the
Swedes
in
the
Treaty
of
Roschild
,
A.
D.
1658
,
but
the
Danes
expel'd
them
within
a
few
Months
after
,
and
it
has
hitherto
remain'd
in
the
Possession
of
the
King
of
Denmark
,
conformably
to
the
Articles
of
another
Treaty
of
Peace
concluded
at
Copenhagen
,
in
1660.
WARDHUS
,
Vardhusium
,
the
Seat
of
the
Fourth
general
Governour
of
Norway
,
is
a
Castle
erected
in
the
Island
of
Warda
,
lying
on
the
Northern
Coasts
of
Norway
,
about
120
Miles
from
the
North-Cape
,
or
most
Northern
Point
of
the
Continent
of
Europe
to
the
South-East
,
and
scarcely
30
from
the
Confines
of
Moscovitish
Lapland
.
It
is
of
a
small
compass
,
not
being
fortified
with
any
considerable
Works
,
and
at
present
almost
ruin'd
,
whereto
adjoyns
a
Street
,
consisting
only
in
the
Cottages
of
Fishermen
.
The
Island
of
Warda
lies
about
two
German
Miles
from
the
Continent
of
Finmark
,
and
is
extended
near
12
English
Miles
in
Circumference
.
The
Inhabitants
of
this
and
some
other
adjacent
Isles
live
together
upon
Stock-Fish
dry'd
in
the
Frost
,
having
no
manner
of
Bread
nor
Drink
,
but
what
is
brought
from
other
places
.
FINMARCK
,
or
Norwegian
Lapland
,
Finmarchia
,
being
a
large
Province
of
the
Government
of
Wardhus
,
was
perhaps
the
ancient
Habitation
of
the
Finni
,
mention'd
by
Tacitus
,
and
is
at
present
a
spacious
Desert
without
any
Towns
or
Villages
.
The
greater
part
of
the
Inhabitants
are
Idolaters
and
Adore
a
certain
peculiar
Deity
,
to
whom
they
Sacrifice
Cows
and
Sheep
.
During
the
Winter-Season
,
a
Man
would
take
them
for
wild
Beasts
,
by
reason
that
their
Bodies
are
altogether
cover'd
with
Skins
,
except
that
a
small
opening
is
left
for
their
Eyes
.
They
live
in
Tents
,
and
some
of
them
feed
the
Cattel
whilst
others
are
employ'd
in
Hunting
,
to
the
end
,
that
they
may
sell
their
Skins
and
Furs
to
the
Swedes
.
The
Language
,
Manners
,
and
Habit
of
these
People
,
are
the
same
as
in
Swedish
Lapland
,
of
which
an
Account
is
given
in
the
Description
of
that
Country
.
BAHUS
,
Bahusium
,
is
a
strong
Fortress
built
on
a
small
Island
,
made
by
the
River
Trolhetta
,
about
two
Danish
Miles
from
Gotheburg
to
the
North
,
three
from
the
Coasts
of
the
Ocean
to
the
East
,
and
24
from
Anslo
to
the
South-East
.
The
Foundation
of
it
was
first
laid
on
a
Rock
by
Haquin
IV
.
King
of
Norway
,
about
the
Year
1309
,
and
formerly
appertain'd
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
King
of
Denmark
,
but
has
been
possess'd
by
that
of
Sweden
,
together
with
the
whole
Government
of
the
same
name
ever
since
the
Year
1658
,
altho'
the
Danish
Forces
in
vain
attempted
to
re-take
it
,
in
1678.
MAELSTRAND
,
or
MAESTERLAND
,
Malstrandia
aut
Masterlandia
,
is
the
only
remarkable
Town
of
the
Provinces
of
Wycksiden
,
within
the
limits
of
the
Government
of
Bahus
,
and
stands
on
a
rocky
Peninsusa
almost
encompass'd
by
the
Sea
,
being
also
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
built
at
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Wener
,
which
not
far
from
thence
falls
into
the
Catgate
.
This
Town
was
storm'd
by
the
Danish
Forces
,
A.
D.
1676
,
and
afterward
restored
to
the
Swedes
,
by
virtue
of
a
Treaty
of
Peace
,
ratified
at
Fountainbleau
near
Paris
,
in
1679.
The
adjacent
Territory
is
noted
for
its
great
Trade
in
Herrings
and
other
sorts
of
Sea-Fish
.
There
are
some
other
Countries
that
depend
on
the
Dominions
of
Norway
,
viz.
Island
,
Groenland
,
and
Spitsberg
,
together
with
the
Isles
of
Schetland
,
Fero
,
and
Orkney
,
whereof
we
shall
treat
in
the
Description
of
the
Polar
Lands
.
A
Chronological
TABLE
,
shewing
the
Succession
of
the
Kings
of
Norway
.
|
A.
D.
|
Years
.
|
1.
Arold
,
Harold
,
or
Arand
I.
|
|
Reigned
|
2.
Sueno
,
or
Suein
.
|
998
|
13
|
3.
St.
Olaus
.
|
1011
|
20
|
4.
Sueno
.
|
1031
|
8
|
5.
Magnus
I.
|
1039
|
16
|
6.
Herola
,
or
Ervold
.
|
1055
|
15
|
7.
Magnus
II
.
|
1070
|
40
|
8.
Magnus
III
.
expell'd
.
|
1110
|
28
|
9.
Harold
II
.
|
1138
|
10
|
10.
Magnus
III
.
re-establish'd
.
|
1148
|
10
|
11.
Ingo
,
sir-nam'd
Gibbus
.
|
1158
|
18
|
12.
An
Interreign
of
Four
Years
,
1176.
|
|
13.
Magnus
IV
.
|
1180
|
Reigned
52
|
14.
Haquin
,
a
Tyrant
.
|
1232
|
31
|
15.
Olaus
,
sir-nam'd
Angosanus
.
|
1263
|
17
|
16.
Eric
I.
|
1280
|
20
|
17.
Haquin
II
.
|
1300
|
15
|
18.
Magnus
V.
King
of
Sweden
.
|
1315
|
11
|
19.
Haquin
III
.
|
1326
|
2
|
20.
Magnus
VI
.
|
1328
|
31
|
21.
Haquin
IV
.
|
1359
|
16
|
22.
Olaus
III
.
|
1375
|
13
|
23.
Haquin
and
Margaret
.
|
1389
|
about
23
|
The
Kingdom
of
NORWAY
was
incorporated
into
that
of
Denmark
,
by
the
Marriage
of
Haquin
and
Margaret
the
Daughter
of
Waldemar
III
.
the
Danish
Monarch
,
A.
D.
1387.
So
that
these
two
Kingdoms
were
thus
united
,
and
the
Successors
of
Haquin
have
ever
since
born
the
Title
(
as
he
had
done
)
of
Kings
of
Denmark
and
Norway
.
CHAP.
X.
SWEDEN
,
Suecia
.
SWEDEN
,
or
SWEDELAND
,
call'd
by
the
Inhabitants
Swerie
,
Sweriesrick
,
and
Swedenrick
,
is
a
Kingdom
of
a
vast
extent
,
but
very
little
inhabited
,
bordering
on
Moscovy
,
Poland
and
Norway
,
being
a
Marshy
Country
,
water'd
with
many
Rivers
,
and
almost
every
where
beset
with
Lakes
,
Woods
and
Mountains
.
It
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Danish
and
Moscovitish
Lapland
;
on
the
South
by
part
of
Moscovy
,
Poland
and
the
Baltick
Sea
;
on
the
East
likewise
by
Moscovy
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Sea
which
separates
it
from
Denmark
;
the
River
of
Glama
and
a
Ridge
of
Mountains
,
nam'd
the
Doffrin
,
serving
for
the
limits
between
the
Territories
of
this
State
and
those
of
Norway
.
Its
utmost
extent
from
the
55
deg
.
30
min.
to
the
68
deg
.
30
min.
of
Latitude
,
as
also
from
the
31
deg
.
to
the
62
deg
.
30
min.
of
Longitude
contains
1000
Italian
Miles
in
length
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
Stockholm
to
the
Confines
of
Lapland
,
and
the
space
of
20
days
Journey
on
Horseback
in
breadth
,
so
that
the
whole
Continent
with
all
its
dependences
,
is
suppos'd
to
be
900
Miles
larger
than
France
and
Italy
put
together
.
The
Air
is
every
where
so
free
from
Vapours
,
pure
and
healthful
,
(
except
in
those
places
that
lie
near
the
Seas
,
Lakes
and
Marshes
)
that
notwithstanding
its
excessive
Coldness
,
the
Inhabitants
frequently
live
120
or
130
Years
,
and
some
of
them
have
been
known
to
attain
even
to
the
Age
of
200
,
unless
the
term
of
their
Lives
be
shortned
by
Intemperance
,
or
any
unfortunate
Accident
.
The
SOIL
of
the
Country
in
most
parts
of
Sweden
is
generally
more
fruitful
than
that
of
the
other
Northern
Kingdoms
,
affording
good
store
of
Wheat
,
Rye
,
Barly
,
Oats
,
&c.
In
the
Woods
,
Forests
and
Pastures
,
are
bred
all
sorts
of
Beasts
,
as
Horses
,
Elks
,
Bears
,
wild
Bulls
,
Beavers
,
Sables
,
Ermins
,
Martrons
,
&c.
besides
Sheep
and
Oxen
,
not
only
sufficient
for
the
Natives
,
but
also
for
Transportation
,
particularly
out
of
Finland
,
Schonen
,
&c.
into
other
foreign
Nations
.
But
the
manner
of
cultivating
the
Earth
in
most
places
is
extraordinary
;
for
the
use
of
the
Plough
is
unknown
to
these
Husband-men
,
and
there
are
scarce
any
Champion
Grounds
to
be
Tilled
,
Fire
alone
being
capable
to
render
the
Rocks
and
Mountains
fertile
.
Thus
having
burnt
whole
Forests
,
they
sow
Seed-Corn
mingled
with
Earth
on
the
Ashes
,
and
without
any
more
pains
reap
a
plentiful
Crop
within
the
space
of
two
Years
.
In
the
Southern
parts
of
Westrogothia
,
the
Land
is
so
rich
,
that
Barley
is
reap'd
36
days
after
it
has
been
sown
.
Honey
abounds
very
much
in
these
parts
,
not
only
preserv'd
in
Gardens
,
but
ordinarily
to
be
found
in
the
Woods
.
There
are
also
many
Mines
of
Copper
,
Iron
,
Lead
,
and
some
few
of
Silver
.
Between
Jenecoping
and
Elsimburg
,
in
passing
thro'
Almstadt
,
we
meet
with
an
admirable
Forest
,
stretch'd
forth
30
Leagues
in
length
,
where
the
Trees
in
the
midst
almost
of
a
continual
Frost
grow
up
to
a
prodigious
height
,
and
retain
their
Verdure
throughout
the
whole
Year
,
notwithstanding
the
intolerable
Sharpness
of
the
Winter-Season
.
The
most
remarkable
LAKES
,
which
are
numerous
and
very
large
,
are
1.
Meller
in
Upland
,
well
stockt
with
Salmon
,
Pike
,
and
other
sorts
of
Fish
,
and
so
hard
frozen
in
Winter
,
that
Markets
and
Fairs
are
often
kept
upon
it
:
2.
Hielmar
in
Nericia
:
3.
Sitian
in
Dalecarlia
:
4.
Vener
in
Westrogothia
,
which
is
130
English
Miles
long
and
40
broad
,
containing
a
great
number
of
Islands
,
and
receiving
the
Waters
of
24
Rivers
,
that
take
their
rise
from
the
Norwegian
Mountains
,
and
discharge
themselves
into
this
Gulph
;
but
they
have
onl●
one
common
passage
out
,
which
is
commonly
call'd
Tralhetta
,
i
.
e
.
the
Devil's-Cap
,
and
lies
towards
the
South
:
5.
Veter
,
in
the
same
Province
,
the
Waters
whereof
are
so
calm
and
transparent
,
that
one
may
discern
the
bottom
at
a
very
great
depth
.
On
the
banks
of
this
Lake
were
heretofore
founded
the
Monasteries
of
St.
Bridget
,
the
Patroness
of
this
Kingdom
,
and
of
St.
Catharine
her
Daughter
,
together
with
several
other
noble
Structures
:
6.
Ulatraesch
in
Cajania
:
7.
Pejenda
in
Tavastia
:
8.
Ladoga
:
9.
Onega
.
The
two
last
are
situated
on
the
Frontiers
of
Moscovy
,
and
the
Czar
or
Grand
Duke
has
yeilded
up
the
greater
part
of
them
by
a
Treaty
of
Peace
to
the
Crown
of
Sweden
.
From
these
Lakes
spring
many
Rivers
,
among
which
the
most
Navigable
is
,
1.
Dalecarle
,
whose
Head
is
in
the
Dofrine
Mountains
,
from
whence
it
runs
into
Dalecarlia
,
receives
several
Rivulets
at
Torsang
,
and
having
separated
the
Provinces
of
Upland
and
Gestricia
,
at
last
falls
into
the
Bothnick
Bay
.
2.
Saga
or
Sawe
,
which
divides
Upland
from
Westmannia
.
3.
Angermany
,
that
waters
the
Province
of
the
same
name
,
and
is
famous
for
abundance
of
Salmon
;
besides
five
considerable
Rivers
in
Lapland
,
and
others
of
lesser
note
.
The
Swedes
,
who
may
justly
be
reckon'd
among
the
most
polite
and
civiliz'd
People
of
the
Northern
Countries
;
as
to
the
Constitution
of
their
Bodies
,
are
generally
tall
,
robust
,
of
a
comely
Presence
and
gentile
Carriage
.
They
are
also
free
in
Conversation
,
Upright
and
Just
in
their
Dealings
,
Affable
to
Strangers
,
ingenious
and
skilful
in
divers
sorts
of
Arts
,
as
well
Military
as
Civil
.
The
Gentry
in
their
Youth
apply
themselves
to
the
study
of
Liberal
Sciences
,
more
especially
the
Languages
,
and
frequently
travel
into
foreign
Countries
;
and
in
their
riper
years
are
employ'd
either
in
the
affairs
of
State
or
War
.
The
Common
People
are
industrious
,
so
that
a
Beggar
is
scarce
to
be
seen
among
them
,
and
prove
very
good
Soldiers
,
ready
to
signalize
their
Valour
on
all
occaons
;
but
their
Hospitality
among
other
Virtues
is
chiefly
Conspicuous
,
having
been
anciently
accustomed
to
treat
Strangers
,
Travellers
and
Passengers
,
with
the
same
civility
as
Friends
,
for
they
often
supply'd
them
with
Victuals
and
other
Necessaries
gratis
,
and
took
care
to
provide
Horses
for
their
Journey
.
Indeed
the
Priests
and
Curates
in
the
Country
are
still
oblig'd
to
observe
the
like
Custom
.
On
the
contrary
,
Churlishness
and
Inhospitality
was
accounted
so
heinous
a
Crime
,
that
King
Charles
II
.
who
is
said
to
have
reign'd
sometime
before
our
Saviour's
Nativity
,
was
wont
to
send
Officers
to
set
fire
on
the
Houses
of
those
Persons
that
had
thrice
deny'd
Lodging
to
any
Stranger
.
The
Swedish
Women
are
in
like
manner
of
a
tall
Stature
,
Beautiful
,
Modest
,
Chaste
,
and
endow'd
with
other
Qualifications
commendable
in
their
Sex
.
Adultery
is
very
seldom
committed
by
them
,
and
prohibited
by
the
Laws
under
severe
Penalties
.
The
Citizens
Wives
especially
affect
to
go
neat
,
and
to
dwell
in
fair
Houses
.
The
Common
People
wear
course
Woollen
Cloath
,
but
the
Nobility
and
Gentry
have
divers
sorts
of
Apparel
,
according
to
the
Modern
Modes
of
France
,
and
other
European
Countries
.
Their
Language
differs
only
in
Dialect
from
the
Danish
and
High-Dutch
,
being
rougher
and
less
capable
of
Improvement
than
either
of
these
,
so
that
the
Swedes
seldom
write
any
thing
in
their
own
Vulgar
Tongue
.
The
Kingdom
of
Sweden
was
heretofore
Elective
,
until
Gustavus
I.
after
having
expell'd
the
Danes
,
made
it
Hereditary
in
his
Family
,
A.
D.
1544
,
and
at
the
same
time
abolish'd
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
,
introducing
the
Lutheran
throughout
his
Dominions
.
Afterward
Sigismund
I.
elected
also
King
of
Poland
,
the
Grand-Son
of
the
same
Gustavus
,
was
depos'd
for
adhering
to
the
Interest
of
the
Romanists
,
and
his
Uncle
Charles
Duke
of
Sudermania
took
Possession
of
the
Throne
.
He
was
succeeded
by
his
Son
that
most
Valiant
and
Renowned
Prince
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
who
undertaking
an
Expedition
into
Germany
,
to
assist
the
Protestants
,
over-run
a
great
part
of
the
Empire
,
and
was
at
last
slain
in
the
Battel
of
Lutzen
,
leaving
the
Crown
to
his
only
Daughter
Christina
;
but
this
Princess
having
turn'd
Roman
Catholick
,
resign'd
it
to
her
Cosin
Charles
Gustavus
Duke
of
Deux-Ponts
,
the
Father
of
Charles
XI
.
the
present
Monarch
,
a
Warlike
and
Vertuous
Prince
,
who
is
usually
styl'd
,
King
of
the
Swedes
,
Goths
and
Vandals
,
Grand
Prince
of
Finland
,
Duke
of
Estonia
and
Carelia
,
Lord
of
Ingria
,
&c.
being
also
Sovereign
of
many
other
large
Territories
:
For
by
virtue
of
a
Treaty
of
Peace
concluded
at
Bromsbroo
,
A.
D.
1645
,
the
King
of
Denmark
was
oblig'd
to
restore
to
Sweden
,
Jempterland
and
Heendal
,
and
to
surrender
the
Isles
of
Gothland
and
Oesel
for
ever
,
together
with
the
Province
of
Halland
,
during
the
term
of
30
Years
.
By
another
Treaty
at
Roschild
,
in
1658
,
the
same
King
entirely
renounc'd
his
Right
to
Halland
,
Schonen
,
Bleking
,
the
Island
of
Bornholm
,
the
Fortress
of
Bahus
,
and
the
Bailliage
of
Drontheim
.
By
that
of
Munster
,
Sweden
,
obtain'd
the
hither
Pomerania
;
and
in
the
farther
,
Stetin
,
Gartz
,
Dam
,
and
Golnaw
,
the
Island
and
Principality
of
Rugen
;
the
Isles
and
Mouths
of
the
River
Oder
;
the
Town
,
Lordship
and
Port
of
Wismar
;
the
Dutchies
of
Bremen
and
Ferden
,
together
with
Wildhusen
in
Westphalia
;
as
also
the
Reversion
of
the
rest
of
Pomerania
,
and
the
new
Marquisate
of
Brandenburg
.
By
the
Treaty
of
Oliva
ratify'd
with
Poland
,
in
1660.
Livonia
became
Hereditary
to
the
Crown
of
Sweden
,
which
ought
to
be
understood
of
that
part
only
that
lies
to
the
North
of
the
River
Duina
.
By
a
Treaty
made
with
the
Moscovites
,
all
the
Conquests
of
the
Grand
Duke
in
Livonia
,
were
resign'd
to
the
King
of
Sweden
.
Moreover
this
Prince
lays
claim
to
the
Dutchies
of
Cleves
and
Juliers
,
by
a
Title
deriv'd
from
his
Great
Grand-father
John
Duke
of
Deux-Ponts
,
who
had
marry'd
Magdalen
III
.
the
Sister
of
Duke
William
.
The
REVENUES
of
the
King
of
Sweden
consist
chiefly
in
the
Crown-Lands
,
as
Chaces
,
Forests
,
&c.
which
he
takes
an
Oath
at
his
Coronation
not
to
imbezil
or
alienate
;
besides
those
that
arise
from
the
Mines
of
Copper
,
Silver
,
Lead
,
&c.
from
the
Sea-Customs
;
from
the
Imposition
upon
Oxen
transported
out
of
Schonen
,
Finland
,
&c.
the
value
of
five
Shillings
Sterling
being
paid
for
every
Head
;
from
the
several
Companies
of
Merchants
who
remit
yearly
considerable
Sums
to
the
Crown
;
from
an
Impost
on
the
Exportation
of
Guns
;
from
the
Fines
of
those
Persons
that
are
cast
in
Law
,
a
third
part
whereof
is
paid
to
the
King
;
and
from
many
other
ways
of
raising
Mony
,
by
which
means
the
Royal
Exchequer
is
very
much
enlarged
,
so
that
the
ordinary
Income
,
in
the
Year
1578
,
(
as
they
say
)
amounted
to
six
or
seven
Tuns
of
Gold
of
100000
Dollars
apiece
,
all
Charges
of
the
Crown
being
first
deducted
.
The
States
,
or
distinct
Orders
in
this
Realm
,
are
six
in
number
,
viz.
the
Princes
of
the
Blood
Royal
,
Nobility
,
Clergy
,
Soldiery
,
Merchantry
and
Commonalty
.
The
King's
eldest
Son
is
Heir
apparent
to
the
Crown
,
and
the
younger
are
commonly
created
Dukes
,
being
invested
with
the
Government
of
Provinces
,
and
having
a
Right
to
succeed
in
the
Throne
if
the
elder
dye
without
issue
.
The
Nobility
are
distinguish'd
with
the
Title
of
Dukes
,
Earls
and
Barons
,
enjoying
very
great
Privileges
and
Immunities
.
Ecclesiastical
Affairs
are
transacted
here
as
in
England
,
by
Bishops
,
Priests
and
Deacons
,
but
these
Prelates
have
not
so
large
Revenues
,
nor
so
great
authority
over
the
inferiour
Clergy
.
However
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Upsal
is
reputed
the
chief
Person
next
the
King
himself
,
and
accordingly
takes
place
of
all
the
Temporal
Lords
,
having
under
him
seven
Suffragans
,
viz.
the
Bishops
of
Lyncopen
,
Scaren
,
Stergnes
,
Westeras
,
Wexio
,
Aboa
and
Riga
,
and
divers
Superintendents
,
who
exercise
Episcopal
Functions
,
viz.
those
of
Calmar
,
Gottemburg
,
Marienstadt
,
Revel
,
&c.
All
these
constitute
an
Ecclesiastical
College
,
call'd
the
Supreme
Consistory
of
the
Kingdom
,
wherein
the
Arch-Bishop
always
presides
.
The
Land
Forces
are
provided
and
exercis'd
much
after
the
same
manner
as
our
Trained-Bands
,
in
the
several
Provinces
,
consisting
in
all
of
32
Regiments
,
every
one
of
which
contains
700
Men
;
neither
are
the
Sea
Forces
less
considerable
,
for
there
are
commonly
in
a
Readiness
50
Men
of
War
,
many
of
which
carry
50
Guns
,
under
the
Command
of
one
High-Admiral
,
and
sometimes
above
300
Ships
lie
at
Anchor
in
the
Port
of
Stockholm
.
Indeed
the
Soldiery
is
much
encouraged
,
and
have
divers
great
Privileges
,
for
a
Soldier
as
soon
as
listed
has
all
his
Lands
Tax-free
,
besides
his
ordinary
Pay
;
if
his
Horse
be
kill'd
in
Battel
,
the
King
furnishes
him
with
another
;
if
any
are
taken
Prisoners
by
the
Enemy
,
they
are
redeem'd
at
his
Majesty's
proper
Charges
,
&c.
The
Merchants
,
in
whose
hands
is
kept
the
greatest
part
of
the
Riches
of
the
Kingdom
,
have
in
like
manner
their
peculiar
Immunities
,
every
Maritime
City
and
Mart-Town
,
being
govern'd
by
particular
Municipal
Laws
.
The
last
and
lowest
State
is
the
Commonalty
call'd
Bond
or
Beond
,
of
these
there
are
two
sorts
,
viz.
the
Scatbonders
,
who
possess
Hereditary
Lands
,
and
are
bound
in
time
of
War
to
provide
a
Horse
and
Man
for
the
King's
Service
,
and
the
Bergsmen
that
labour
in
the
Mines
,
and
are
no
less
profitable
to
the
Common-wealth
than
the
former
.
These
also
may
purchase
Estates
and
Fishery
of
their
own
,
and
as
the
Commons
of
England
,
send
their
Representatives
to
the
Senate
or
Publick
Council
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
is
conven'd
for
the
same
Reasons
,
and
in
the
same
manner
as
our
Parliament
.
But
every
Order
sits
in
a
distinct
House
,
and
every
House
has
a
Chair-man
or
Speaker
,
viz.
for
the
Nobility
the
Grand
Marshal
,
for
the
Clergy
the
Arch-Bishop
,
for
the
Burgesses
of
Cities
,
one
of
the
Consuls
of
Stockholm
,
or
the
Master
of
the
Ordnance
,
and
for
those
of
the
Country
,
one
chosen
out
of
their
own
Body
.
The
Administration
of
JUSTICE
in
Sweden
,
is
perform'd
in
five
several
Courts
,
where
Cognizance
is
taken
of
all
Affairs
both
Civil
and
Criminal
.
The
first
of
these
is
the
King's
Chamber
,
in
which
all
Cases
are
decided
between
one
Senator
and
another
,
or
between
Noble-men
and
publick
Officers
;
as
also
all
Actions
brought
thither
from
Inferiour
Courts
.
2.
The
Court
Martial
,
wherein
all
matters
are
determin'd
that
relate
to
War
,
the
Grand
Marshal
of
the
Army
being
always
President
,
and
having
two
Assessors
Senators
of
the
Kingdom
,
or
Officers
of
the
State
.
3.
The
Court
of
Chancery
,
where
all
Mandates
,
Edicts
,
Commissions
,
&c.
are
made
in
the
King's
Name
.
The
Chancellor
of
the
Kingdom
presides
in
this
Court
,
assisted
by
four
Senators
Assessors
,
and
the
two
Secretaries
of
State
.
4.
The
Court
of
Admiralty
for
the
transacting
of
all
Business
relating
to
Maritime
Affairs
.
Here
the
High-Admiral
presides
,
attended
with
four
Vice-Admirals
,
as
many
Senators
and
several
Captains
Assessors
.
5.
The
Court
of
the
Exchequer
,
wherein
all
matters
are
dispatch'd
belonging
to
the
King's
Revenue
,
and
Suits
are
determin'd
in
which
the
Crown
is
any
way
concern'd
.
The
Grand
Treasurer
sits
here
as
Supreme
Judge
,
and
has
four
Assessors
,
viz.
two
Senators
and
two
Noble-men
.
Besides
these
,
there
are
other
inferiour
Tribunals
,
which
Gustavus
Adolphus
first
erected
in
some
of
the
chief
Critics
,
in
the
Years
1614
and
1615.
The
whole
Kingdom
is
usually
divided
into
seven
principal
parts
,
viz.
Sweden
strictly
so
called
,
Gothland
,
Lapland
,
Finland
,
Livonia
,
or
Liefland
,
Ingria
,
or
Ingermeland
,
and
Pomerania
,
which
last
has
been
already
describ'd
among
the
Territories
of
Germany
.
SWEDEN
,
Suecia
aut
Sueonia
,
properly
so
called
,
lies
to
the
North
of
Gothland
,
and
to
the
South
of
Swedish
Lapland
,
between
Norway
to
the
West
,
and
the
Gulph
of
Bothnia
to
the
East
.
This
Country
(
which
,
according
to
the
opinion
of
Joannes
Magnus
,
takes
its
name
from
Swenno
the
Son
of
Magog
,
and
Grand-child
of
Noah
)
comprehends
11
Provinces
,
and
is
extended
from
North
to
South
,
about
100
Leagues
,
and
90
from
East
to
West
.
It
is
fruitful
in
Corn
,
which
is
sow'd
in
the
beginning
of
May
,
and
reap'd
about
the
end
of
August
;
but
some
parts
are
Mountainous
and
Woody
,
abounding
with
rich
Mines
,
and
affording
much
variety
of
Game
.
There
is
also
good
store
of
Fish
,
and
all
sorts
of
necessary
Provisions
.
The
Christian
Religion
was
first
planted
in
these
parts
,
A.
C.
780
,
by
Herebertus
sir-nam'd
Belga
,
whom
the
Emperor
Charles
the
Great
had
sent
thither
at
the
request
of
Bero
or
Biorno
III
.
King
of
Sweden
.
It
was
also
propagated
by
Ansgar
a
Monk
of
Corbey
,
afterward
Bishop
of
Bremen
,
whom
the
Emperor
Lewis
the
Godly
deputed
among
others
for
that
purpose
,
but
it
was
not
establish'd
until
about
A.
C.
955
,
when
Ethelred
King
of
England
dispatch'd
over
Sigfrid
Arch-Bishop
of
Canterbury
,
with
divers
other
pious
Priests
,
upon
the
Sollicitation
of
Olaus
Scotkonung
,
who
was
baptiz'd
himself
,
and
caus'd
Christian
Churches
to
be
built
in
every
Province
of
his
Dominions
.
Sweden
properly
so
call'd
,
divided
into
Eleven
Provinces
.
-
1.
Upland
,
in
which
are
these
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Stockholm
,
Cap.
-
Upsal
,
Arch-Bish
.
-
Sigtun
.
-
Encoping
.
-
Ore-grund
.
-
2.
Sudermania
,
wherein
are
,
-
Nicoping
,
Cap.
-
Strergnes
,
Bish
.
-
Torsilia
.
-
Telga
.
-
Trosa
.
-
3.
Westmania
,
in
which
are
,
-
Westeras
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Kaeping
.
-
Arboga
.
-
Bisberg
.
-
Bolshit
.
-
4.
Nericia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Gevalia
,
Cap.
-
Folker
.
-
Hamarang
.
-
Shogskirk
.
-
Coperberg
.
-
5.
Gestricia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Oerebro
,
Cap.
-
Karelskog
.
-
Linnesberg
.
-
6.
Helsingia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Dilsbo
,
Cap.
-
Alta
.
-
Jersso
.
-
7.
Dalecarlia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Idra
,
Cap.
-
Ventan
.
-
Ierna
.
-
Lima
.
-
8.
Angermania
,
in
which
are
,
-
Nortmaling
,
Cap.
-
Nore
.
-
Torsaker
.
-
Arnes
.
-
9.
Medelpadia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Indel
,
Cap.
-
Essund
.
-
Tuna
.
-
Selangar
,
-
10.
Bothnia
,
wherein
are
,
-
Torn
,
Cap.
-
Kimi
.
-
Lula
.
-
Pitha
.
-
Uma
.
-
11.
Jemptia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Kessund
,
Cap.
-
Lidh
.
The
Province
of
UPLAND
is
so
call'd
from
its
Situation
,
or
(
as
some
say
)
from
King
Ubbo
,
who
reign'd
hereabouts
,
being
bounded
on
the
East
by
the
Baltick
Sea
,
on
the
West
and
North
by
the
Rivers
Save
and
Dalecarle
,
and
on
the
South
by
the
Lake
Meller
.
It
affords
great
plenty
of
Corn
,
and
has
some
Mines
of
Lead
,
Iron
and
Silver
.
It
may
be
perhaps
worth
the
while
to
observe
,
that
this
Province
only
(
as
the
Counties
in
England
)
is
divided
into
several
Hundreds
,
as
Erling
Hundrat
,
&c.
whereas
the
Divisions
of
all
the
others
are
termed
Harodh
,
Har
signifying
an
Army
,
and
Odh
a
Possession
.
STOCKHOLM
,
Holmia
aut
Stocholmia
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Sweden
,
is
seated
in
the
Province
of
Upland
,
on
the
Frontiers
of
Sudermania
,
in
the
Latitude
of
59
deg
.
15
min.
and
the
Longitude
of
40
deg
.
12
min.
and
encompass'd
on
all
sides
,
especially
that
toward
the
Sea
,
with
steep
craggy
Rocks
call'd
Scheren
,
as
also
with
high
Mountains
and
Lakes
,
which
render
its
Prospect
somewhat
odd
.
It
was
heretofore
a
place
of
little
note
,
first
founded
by
King
Birgerus
,
A.
D.
1261
,
and
took
its
name
from
the
great
quantity
of
Timber
us'd
in
the
building
of
it
,
Stock
denoting
Wood
,
and
Holm
an
Island
.
In
1407
it
was
consum'd
by
Lightning
,
and
some
thousands
of
People
perish'd
in
the
Conflagration
.
In
1529
,
divers
principal
Burghers
and
Merchants
of
other
Towns
were
invited
to
dwell
here
by
King
Gustavus
I.
most
of
the
Inhabitants
having
been
expell'd
from
hence
by
the
tyrannical
Oppression
of
Christian
II
.
King
of
Denmark
.
In
1552
,
a
Fire
happen'd
,
and
by
reason
of
the
Wooden
Houses
,
burnt
down
the
greater
part
of
the
Town
.
But
it
was
soon
re-built
by
the
King's
special
Command
,
upon
Piles
,
partly
with
Stone
and
partly
with
Brick
,
so
that
it
has
been
for
two
Ages
the
Royal
Seat
of
the
Swedish
Monarchs
,
and
a
very
famous
Mart
.
Its
Haven
,
at
the
Mouth
of
the
Lake
Meller
,
is
one
of
the
most
commodious
in
Europe
,
in
regard
that
Vessels
of
the
largest
size
may
lie
safe
therein
,
even
close
to
the
Walls
of
the
private
Houses
,
and
remain
secure
without
the
help
of
Anchors
or
Cables
from
any
violent
Tempests
,
or
the
attacks
of
Enemies
,
its
Entrance
being
defended
by
strong
Forts
.
Indeed
this
is
the
most
considerable
place
of
Trade
in
the
whole
Nation
,
from
whence
are
exported
great
quantities
of
Deal-boards
,
Copper
,
Iron
,
Steel
,
Lead
,
and
many
Manufactures
made
with
those
Materials
.
This
City
consists
of
six
small
Islands
and
two
Suburbs
,
viz.
the
Northern
and
Southern
;
the
Isles
are
Stockholm
,
Riddersholm
,
Konungsholm
,
Heglandesholm
,
Schipsholm
and
Ladduggarsland
.
These
Islands
are
joyn'd
together
by
several
large
Bridges
,
and
in
the
first
of
them
,
which
is
properly
call'd
the
City
,
stands
the
Palace
of
Kiddarchuset
,
where
the
General
Assemblies
of
the
States
are
conven'd
in
a
Hall
,
adorned
with
the
Coats
of
Arms
of
the
Provinces
and
Nobility
of
the
whole
Kingdom
.
The
Streets
were
formerly
narrow
and
full
of
Windings
,
but
have
been
much
enlarg'd
and
improv'd
since
the
Year
1641.
In
the
same
Isle
of
Stockholm
is
the
grand
Market-place
,
and
the
Citadel
or
Castle
,
which
is
divided
into
three
parts
by
so
many
spacious
Courts
,
including
the
Royal
Palace
,
in
some
parts
eight
or
nine
Stories
high
;
a
magnificent
Church
dedicated
to
St.
Nicholas
,
which
owes
its
Foundation
to
King
John
,
being
erected
upon
Marble
Pillars
and
cover'd
with
Copper
;
and
the
King's
private
Chappel
,
which
is
in
like
manner
very
large
,
and
has
40
Windows
on
each
side
,
where
at
the
High-Altar
(
as
they
say
)
is
to
be
seen
an
Image
of
our
Saviour
in
full
Proportion
,
consisting
entirely
of
Massive
Silver
.
There
are
also
many
other
stately
Apartments
in
the
Castle
,
besides
those
of
the
King
and
Queen
,
as
the
Senate-House
,
the
Court
of
Chancery
,
the
College
of
Execution
,
the
round
Tower
called
Trekronor
,
from
the
three
Crowns
of
Copper
gilt
set
on
the
Top
of
it
,
representing
the
Arms
of
Sweden
,
and
a
famous
Library
enrich'd
with
a
great
number
of
choice
Manuscripts
and
Figures
to
the
waste
of
Heathen
Gods
,
Emperors
,
Kings
,
&c.
Riddersholm
,
or
the
Knights-Isle
,
is
beautified
with
many
pleasant
Gardens
,
and
the
Church
that
bears
the
name
of
the
Closterkirk
,
which
formerly
belong'd
to
the
Cordeliers
,
and
wherein
are
interr'd
the
two
last
Kings
of
Sweden
,
viz.
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
sir-nam'd
the
Great
,
and
Carolus
Gustavus
,
sir-nam'd
Augustus
.
Heglandesholm
,
or
Holy-Land-Isle
,
is
inhabited
chiefly
by
Artificers
and
Handicrafts-men
,
being
united
by
a
Wooden
Bridge
to
the
Isle
of
Stockholm
,
and
by
another
to
the
North
Suburbs
.
Schipsholm
,
or
the
Isle
of
Ships
,
is
more
especially
remarkable
for
the
Court
of
Admiralty
,
Arsenal
,
and
other
Magazines
of
Naval
Stores
.
Ladduggarsland
,
or
the
Land
of
Country-Houses
and
Farms
,
is
so
named
as
being
the
station
of
the
King's
Dairy
,
Aviaries
and
Warren
;
besides
a
great
number
of
Gardens
,
Walks
and
Houses
of
Pleasure
,
that
serve
for
the
diversion
of
the
common
People
.
The
North
Suburbs
adjoyn
thereto
by
the
Communication
of
a
Timber-Bridge
,
and
are
beset
with
the
Royal
Gardens
,
and
Houses
of
Mechanick
Tradesmen
.
In
the
Southern
Suburbs
the
Merchants
drive
a
great
Trade
in
Commodities
brought
out
of
Moscovy
,
a
stately
Exchange
having
been
lately
built
there
for
their
Convenience
,
and
indeed
the
City
of
Stockholm
receives
very
great
Advantages
from
its
Situation
near
the
Baltick
Sea
,
from
whence
it
is
distant
only
seven
Swedish
Miles
to
the
West
,
as
also
nine
South
of
Upsal
,
55
North
of
Calmar
,
66
East
of
Gotheburg
,
70
North-East
of
Copenhagen
,
75
of
Dantzick
,
and
about
120
South-East
of
Drontheim
.
UPSAL
,
Upsalia
aut
Upsala
,
stands
in
like
manner
in
the
Province
of
Upland
,
and
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Sall
or
Sale
,
from
whence
its
name
is
derived
,
or
(
according
to
the
opinion
of
others
)
from
Ubbo
King
of
Sweden
,
who
founded
it
about
the
Year
240
,
after
the
Universal
Deluge
,
being
distant
30
Miles
,
or
seven
Swedish
Leagues
from
Stockholm
to
the
North
,
and
six
of
the
like
measure
from
Arosen
or
Westeras
.
It
was
heretofore
the
Capital
City
of
the
Kingdom
of
the
Goths
,
and
the
usual
place
of
Residence
of
their
Princes
,
as
also
some
time
of
the
Swedish
Monarchs
,
who
were
at
first
styl'd
Kings
of
Upsal
.
It
is
also
the
only
Metropolitan
See
of
Sweden
,
establish'd
by
Pope
Eugenius
III
.
A.
D.
1148
,
and
includes
seven
Suffragan
Bishopricks
within
its
Jurisdiction
.
The
Cathedral
Church
(
as
are
most
of
the
chief
Buildings
in
these
parts
)
is
cover'd
with
Copper
and
adorn'd
with
a
Clock
of
admirable
Workmanship
.
Ericus
,
sir-nam'd
the
Saint
,
is
said
to
lye
bury'd
here
in
a
Golden
Coffin
.
A
sumptuous
Tomb
is
likewise
erected
in
the
same
Church
for
Gustavus
Adolphus
with
the
History
of
his
Life
engrav'd
in
large
Golden
Characters
,
besides
divers
magnificent
Monuments
of
some
other
Princes
.
Here
is
also
the
only
University
of
the
whole
Kingdom
,
begun
at
first
(
as
some
say
)
under
Ericus
XI
.
by
a
College
of
four
Professors
,
or
as
Loccenius
informs
us
,
in
1306
,
under
one
Andreas
President
of
the
said
College
,
who
entertain'd
at
his
Table
a
certain
number
of
Choristers
and
poor
Scholars
to
assist
him
in
the
celebrating
of
Divine
Service
.
However
,
in
1476
,
in
the
time
of
Steno
Sture
,
senior
,
Pope
Sixtus
IV
.
confer'd
on
it
the
same
Privileges
with
Bononia
in
Italy
,
and
it
was
afterward
endow'd
with
several
Immunities
and
large
Revenues
by
Charles
IX
.
and
his
Son
Gustavus
Adolphus
.
The
City
is
defended
only
by
one
Castle
,
built
after
the
modern
method
of
Fortification
,
on
a
Hill
not
far
distant
,
which
overlooks
and
commands
the
whole
Town
.
In
the
Royal
Palace
of
the
same
City
Queen
Christina
Abdicated
the
Crown
of
Sweden
,
and
recommended
it
to
her
Cosin
Charles
Gustavus
,
A.
D.
1654.
CALMAR
,
Calmaria
,
was
so
called
(
as
it
is
reported
)
by
the
Germans
from
the
Coldness
of
the
Air
that
comes
off
the
Baltick
Sea
,
and
has
a
very
convenient
Harbour
,
much
frequented
by
Merchants
of
divers
Nations
,
giving
its
name
to
the
Channel
of
Calmarsund
that
lies
between
it
and
the
Isle
of
Gotland
.
It
is
regularly
fortify'd
,
and
the
Citadel
much
esteem'd
in
these
Northern
parts
.
It
was
also
sometime
dignify'd
with
a
Bishop's
See
;
for
in
the
Year
1230
,
Eric
King
of
Denmark
,
Norway
and
Sweden
,
instituted
13
Prebendaries
,
and
ordain'd
that
the
Cathedral
Church
should
have
the
Privileges
of
an
Ecclesiastical
College
.
But
it
is
now
govern'd
by
a
Superintendent
,
who
with
the
Bishops
has
a
place
in
the
Publick
Consistory
of
the
Kingdom
.
Calmar
was
heretofore
in
the
Possession
of
John
King
of
Denmark
,
and
of
Christian
II
.
his
Successor
,
but
not
long
after
recover'd
by
the
Swedes
.
In
1611
,
Christian
IV
.
King
of
Denmark
,
storm'd
the
same
place
,
putting
all
the
Inhabitants
to
the
Sword
;
but
two
Years
after
it
was
restor'd
to
the
Swedish
Monarchs
,
by
vertue
of
a
Treaty
of
Peace
ratify'd
between
the
two
Northern
Crowns
.
In
1647
,
it
was
almost
entirely
burnt
down
,
not
above
60
Houses
being
left
standing
;
but
it
has
been
since
well
re-built
,
and
is
at
present
a
Town
of
a
considerable
Trade
,
as
also
the
usual
place
from
whence
the
Swedes
embark
for
Germany
.
LUNDEN
,
Lundis
aut
Londinum
Scanorum
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
Province
of
Schonen
,
stands
eight
German
Miles
from
Copenhagen
to
the
East
,
and
six
from
Landskroon
to
the
South-West
.
Ever
since
the
Year
1109
it
has
been
the
See
of
an
Arch-Bishop
,
who
had
six
Suffragan
Bishops
under
his
Jurisdiction
,
and
a
Vote
in
the
General
Diets
of
the
Empire
.
But
the
Swedes
took
Possession
of
this
City
in
1658
,
and
open'd
an
University
there
Ten
Years
after
;
so
that
at
present
it
is
only
an
Episcopal
See
,
the
Arch-Bishoprick
having
been
translated
to
Copenhagen
,
in
1660.
There
are
(
as
they
say
)
22
Churches
within
the
Walls
;
but
the
Cathedral
dedicated
to
St.
Laurence
,
is
a
magnificent
Structure
,
very
remarkable
for
its
high
Steeple
,
serving
as
a
Land-mark
to
direct
the
Course
of
Sailers
,
and
its
large
Vault
under
the
Quire
;
as
also
for
the
Dial
,
which
shews
the
Year
,
Month
,
Day
,
and
Hour
of
the
Day
,
at
the
same
time
;
together
with
all
Festivals
fixt
and
moveable
,
the
Motion
of
the
Sun
and
Moon
,
and
their
Progress
thro'
the
Zodiack
.
This
Clock
,
suppos'd
to
be
the
Work
of
Caspar
Bartholinus
the
famous
Mathematician
,
is
so
order'd
by
artificial
Engines
,
that
upon
its
Movement
two
Horse-men
come
forth
and
Encounter
each
other
,
giving
just
so
many
blows
as
the
Hammer
is
to
strike
upon
the
Bell
;
then
a
Door
opening
,
the
Virgin
Mary
appears
sitting
on
a
Throne
with
Christ
in
her
Arms
,
the
Magi
or
Wise
Men
doing
him
Reverence
,
and
two
Trumpeters
sounding
all
the
while
.
The
Altar
of
the
same
Church
is
likewise
an
admirable
piece
of
Workmanship
,
adorn'd
on
the
fore-part
with
the
Images
of
King
Frederick
II
.
and
Queen
Sophia
,
and
upon
the
Table-stone
with
those
of
our
Saviour
and
the
Twelve
Apostles
at
his
last
Supper
.
GOTHLAND
,
Gothia
,
that
is
to
say
the
Country
of
the
Goths
,
who
by
their
Valour
in
the
Fourth
Century
,
first
broke
the
force
of
the
Roman
Empire
;
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Sweden
,
strictly
so
called
;
on
the
West
by
Norway
,
and
on
the
South
and
East
by
the
Baltick
Sea
;
extending
it self
from
North
to
South
for
the
space
of
about
100
Leagues
,
and
60
from
East
to
West
.
It
is
divided
into
three
parts
by
the
Lake
of
Veter
or
Wetter
,
viz.
Sudgothland
,
Ostrogothland
,
and
Westrogothland
,
i
.
e
.
Southern
,
Eastern
and
Western
Gothland
.
South-Gothland
comprehends
four
small
Countries
,
viz.
Halland
,
Bleking
,
Schonen
and
Smaland
,
which
are
discover'd
in
Sailing
from
North
to
South-East
on
the
Coasts
of
the
Baltick
Sea
.
Afterward
returning
to
the
North-West
we
meet
with
Westrogothland
,
wherein
are
contain'd
three
Districts
,
viz.
Westrogothland
properly
so
called
,
Dalia
and
Wermeland
,
situated
between
the
Sea
,
Halland
and
the
Lakes
of
Veter
and
Vener
.
Lastly
,
Ostrogothland
lies
between
the
Sea
and
the
Lake
Wetter
,
as
it
may
be
more
distinctly
perceiv'd
in
the
following
Table
,
together
with
the
principal
Towns
of
every
Province
.
Gothland
divided
into
Three
Parts
,
viz.
-
1.
South-Gothland
,
in
which
are
included
four
small
Provinces
.
-
1.
Halland
,
in
which
are
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Halmstadt
,
Cap.
-
Limberg
.
-
Laaholm
.
-
Falkemburg
.
-
Waersburg
.
-
2.
Smaland
,
wherein
are
,
-
Calmar
,
Cap.
-
Wexioe
,
Bish
.
-
Alem
.
-
Ekesioe
.
-
Jenekaeping
.
-
Westerbiik
.
-
3.
Bleking
,
in
which
are
,
-
Christianstadt
,
Cap.
-
Rotemby
.
-
Ustel
.
-
Christianopel
.
-
Selsburg
.
-
Trelburg
.
-
Eleholm
.
-
4.
Schonen
,
in
which
are
,
-
Lunden
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Malmoe
.
-
Engelholm
.
-
Landskron
.
-
Elsimburg
.
-
2.
Westrogothia
,
in
Three
.
-
1.
Westrogothland
,
properly
so
called
,
in
which
are
these
Towns
,
-
Gothburg
,
or
Gottenburg
,
Cap.
-
Falekaeping
.
-
Hio
.
-
Bogesund
.
-
Scaren
,
Bish
.
-
Mariestadt
.
-
Bret
.
-
Fidekaeping
.
-
2.
Dalia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Daleburg
.
Cap.
-
Twosa
.
-
Milleswick
.
-
Holm
.
-
Killen
.
-
3.
Wermeland
,
in
which
are
,
-
Carolstadt
,
Cap.
-
Kila
.
-
Rada
.
-
Liswick
.
-
Kallen
.
-
4.
Ostrogothia
,
in
which
are
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Nortkaeping
.
-
Norby
.
-
Wadstein
.
-
Schening
.
-
Lindkaeping
,
Bish
.
-
Sunderkaeping
.
SWEDISH
LAPLAND
,
Lapponia
Suecica
;
the
most
Northern
Province
of
this
Kingdom
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Norwegian
Lapland
,
on
the
South
by
Jempterland
,
Angermenia
,
Bothnia
and
Finland
,
on
the
East
by
Moscovitish
Lapland
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Mountains
of
Daarefield
,
which
separate
it
from
Norway
.
Its
utmost
extent
from
North
to
South
consists
of
about
60
Leagues
,
and
164
from
East
to
West
.
The
Inhabitants
being
for
the
most
Idolaters
,
are
of
a
very
small
Stature
,
yet
very
nimble
and
robust
,
but
withal
cowardly
,
mean
spirited
,
revengeful
and
desperate
.
They
are
extremely
addicted
to
Witchcraft
and
Magical
Arts
,
which
are
exercis'd
by
them
after
several
manners
,
as
by
a
kind
of
Drum
,
Knots
,
Javelins
,
Imprecations
,
Spells
,
&c.
They
are
accustomed
to
the
enduring
of
Cold
by
walking
naked
,
and
their
Cloths
consist
only
of
the
Skins
of
Wild-Beasts
that
are
taken
by
them
.
They
carry
their
Huts
along
with
them
,
which
resemble
the
Tents
of
a
Camp
,
and
have
very
few
inclosed
Towns
.
It
is
also
reported
that
they
are
almost
altogether
destitute
of
Wool
,
Corn
,
Fruits
,
and
domestick
Cattel
;
the
Elks
serving
them
for
Food
,
Cloaths
and
Horses
,
which
Beasts
are
a
kind
of
Stags
that
run
with
extreme
swiftness
.
The
chief
Employment
of
these
Laplanders
is
Hunting
,
to
which
purpose
they
make
use
of
divers
sorts
of
Instruments
,
as
Spears
headed
with
Fish-bones
,
Nets
,
and
of
late
,
Guns
.
They
are
very
expert
in
sliding
on
the
Snow
and
Ice
in
their
Skaits
,
call'd
Skider
,
or
Skidh
,
so
that
they
can
travel
even
150
English
Miles
in
a
Day
,
and
the
Women
are
no
less
nimble
footed
,
tho'
never
allow'd
to
go
a
Hunting
.
They
have
also
certain
Sledges
made
in
form
of
a
small
Boat
,
which
are
drawn
by
Elks
or
Rain-Dear
,
and
easily
pass
over
the
deepest
Snows
.
Their
Ingenuity
likewise
appears
in
contriving
their
Boats
,
the
Boards
whereof
are
not
joyn'd
with
Boards
,
but
fasten'd
together
with
Ropes
made
of
the
pliant
Roots
of
Trees
,
or
the
Sinews
of
the
Rain-Deer
dry'd
in
the
Wind
or
Sun.
These
Barks
are
row'd
with
two
or
four
Oars
,
and
driven
along
the
most
rapid
Rivers
;
neither
is
their
Art
of
Wiredrawing
much
us'd
among
them
for
adorning
of
their
Boots
and
Coats
less
curious
,
and
that
of
making
Baskets
or
Hampers
,
which
are
wrought
so
close
as
to
hold
Water
like
solid
Vessels
.
The
Christian
Religion
was
first
planted
in
Finland
by
Eric
the
Saint
,
King
of
Sweden
,
and
so
made
known
to
the
Inhabitants
of
Lapland
;
but
it
has
been
much
farther
propagated
by
the
pious
Care
of
later
Princes
,
more
especially
of
Charles
IX
.
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
and
Queen
Christina
,
who
founded
many
Publick
Schools
and
caus'd
divers
Churches
to
be
built
in
these
parts
,
allotting
competent
Salaries
to
a
great
number
of
Pastors
for
the
instructing
of
those
ignorant
People
in
the
Principles
of
Christianity
,
who
nevertheless
are
very
apt
to
adhere
to
their
former
Superstitions
,
and
often
joyn
the
Adoration
of
Thor
,
Storjunckare
,
Baire
,
and
other
Idols
with
the
Worship
of
the
true
God
.
At
Nafafill
,
in
the
District
of
Pilhalapmark
,
is
a
Mine
of
Silver
,
and
another
of
Iron
in
that
of
Tornelapmark
,
near
Iwerswend
,
which
is
reduc'd
to
Ingots
in
the
Forge
of
Rejuger
.
The
whole
Country
is
cover'd
with
Woods
,
and
abounds
in
all
sorts
of
Game
,
as
Wild-Bears
,
Rain-Deer
,
Wolves
,
Foxes
,
Martins
,
Sables
,
Beavers
,
Otters
,
Ermins
,
Hares
,
&c.
besides
Wild-Fowl
and
Fish
.
It
was
heretofore
govern'd
by
certain
Kings
,
who
were
subdu'd
by
the
Swedes
,
and
is
at
present
divided
into
five
Parts
or
Quarters
,
under
the
name
of
Marks
,
as
it
appears
from
the
ensuing
Table
.
Lapland
divided
into
Five
Parts
,
viz.
-
1.
Uma-Lapmark
.
-
Loisby
.
-
Semasiersi
.
-
2.
Pilha-Lapmark
.
-
Sitovoma
.
-
Lochtarii
.
-
Anierfui
.
-
Suchsijok
.
-
3.
Lula-Lapmark
.
-
Torpajor
.
-
Strchflucht
.
-
Jokomuka
.
-
4.
Torne-Lapmark
.
-
Segwra
.
-
Tingwara
.
-
Ronnela
.
-
Luvowara
.
-
Podiersi
.
-
Teneby
.
-
Ki●ilaby
.
-
Encraby
.
-
Urziiaki
.
-
5.
Kimi-Lapmark
.
-
Somby
.
-
Kimbi
.
FINLAND
,
Finnia
aut
Finnonia
,
was
first
so
call'd
by
the
Swedes
,
as
it
were
Fine-Land
from
the
Pleasantness
of
the
Country
,
or
(
as
others
say
)
q
.
Fiende-Land
,
i
.
e
.
the
Land
of
Fiends
or
Enemies
,
by
reason
that
the
Finlanders
were
wont
to
make
frequent
inrodes
into
Sweden
,
before
they
were
entirely
subdu'd
by
that
Nation
.
But
the
Natives
impose
the
name
of
Somi
or
Soma
on
the
whole
Country
,
from
the
great
number
of
Lakes
that
are
in
it
,
according
to
the
Signification
of
the
word
Soma
.
The
Province
of
Finland
hath
been
sometimes
the
Inheritance
of
the
Brothers
of
the
Kings
of
Sweden
,
and
is
stretch'd
forth
from
the
Baltick
Sea
to
the
Gulph
of
the
same
name
,
and
that
of
Bothnia
,
as
far
as
the
Territories
of
Moscovy
,
from
whence
it
is
separated
in
part
by
the
Lake
of
Onega
;
being
bounded
on
the
North
by
Lapland
,
on
the
South
by
the
Gulph
of
Finland
,
on
the
East
by
the
Province
of
Onega
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Bay
of
Bothnia
.
Its
extent
from
North
to
South
comprehends
the
space
of
about
132
Leagues
,
and
150
from
East
to
West
.
This
Principality
is
divided
into
seven
small
Provinces
,
viz.
Cajania
and
Finland
properly
so
call'd
,
which
are
situated
on
the
Gulph
of
Bothnia
,
Nyland
and
Carelia
,
on
that
of
Finland
;
Kexholm
on
the
Lakes
of
Ladoga
and
Onega
,
Savolaxia
and
Tavasthia
,
or
Tavastland
,
in
the
midst
of
the
Country
:
The
Soil
is
very
fruitful
in
many
places
,
and
there
are
found
Mines
of
divers
Metals
within
the
Territories
of
Finland
strictly
so
termed
,
as
also
some
of
Loadstone
near
Raseburg
.
Finland
divided
into
Seven
small
Provinces
,
viz.
-
1.
Cajania
,
in
which
are
,
-
Cajeneburg
,
Cap.
-
Jo
.
-
Ula
.
-
Wassa
.
-
Liminga
.
-
2.
Finland
proper
,
wherein
are
,
-
Bierneburg
,
Cap.
-
Abo
,
Bish
.
-
Kaumo
.
-
Wesilax
.
-
Nystadt
.
-
Raseburg
.
-
3.
Nyland
,
in
which
are
,
-
Helsingfors
.
-
Borgo
.
-
Elima
.
-
Perno
.
-
4.
Carelia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Wiburg
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Mala
.
-
Wehelax
.
-
5.
Kexholm
,
in
which
are
,
-
Kexholm
,
Cap.
-
Lexa
.
-
Porensa
.
-
Talpal
.
-
6.
Savolaxia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Nislot
,
Cap.
-
Rumala
.
-
Pexama
.
-
Roxolax
.
-
7.
Tavasthia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Tavasthus
,
Cap.
-
Pirkala
.
-
Jemse
.
LIVONIA
,
Livonia
,
or
Liefland
,
in
the
Language
of
the
Country
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Gulph
of
Finland
,
on
the
West
by
that
of
Livonia
or
Riga
,
on
the
South
by
Curland
,
and
on
the
East
by
the
Dutchy
of
Pleskow
and
Ingria
:
It
is
extended
from
North
to
South
,
for
the
space
of
about
66
Leagues
,
and
50
from
East
to
West
.
This
Country
hath
been
the
Theatre
of
War
between
the
Kings
of
Sweden
and
Poland
,
and
the
Grand
Duke
of
Moscovy
:
The
Polanders
resign'd
it
to
the
Swedes
in
a
Treaty
of
Peace
,
ratified
A.
D.
1650
,
and
it
hath
since
become
Hereditary
to
the
Crown
of
Sweden
.
The
Soil
is
very
fruitful
in
Corn
,
and
affords
good
Pasture
for
Cattel
.
Livonia
is
usually
divided
into
two
parts
,
viz.
the
Northern
called
Estonia
.
or
Este
,
and
the
Southern
,
which
bears
the
name
of
Litlandia
,
or
Letten
.
Livonia
divided
into
Two
Parts
,
viz.
-
1.
Estonia
,
in
which
are
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Narva
,
Cap.
-
Revel
.
-
Derpt
.
-
Pernaw
.
-
Hapsel
.
-
2.
Litlandia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Riga
,
Arch-Bish
.
Cap.
-
Crutsburg
.
-
Mariemburg
.
-
Dunemund
.
NARVA
,
Narva
is
seated
on
a
River
of
the
same
name
,
which
separates
Livonia
from
Pleskow
,
at
the
distance
of
30
Swedish
Miles
from
Revel
to
the
East
,
15
from
Derpt
to
the
North-East
,
and
scarcely
one
from
the
Bay
of
Finland
.
It
is
one
of
the
strongest
Places
of
the
whole
Country
,
and
defended
by
a
Castle
named
Jvannowgorod
,
which
stands
on
a
steep
Rock
,
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
in
the
Province
of
Ingria
,
and
was
taken
by
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
in
the
Year
1617.
Below
this
Fort
is
another
Town
call'd
the
Russian
Narva
,
and
inhabited
by
Moscovites
;
nevertheless
subject
to
the
Dominion
of
the
King
of
Sweden
.
The
River
Narva
runs
with
a
very
swift
Course
,
and
has
a
notable
Cataract
about
half
a
League
above
the
City
,
where
the
Water
falling
into
a
Precipice
,
with
a
roaring
noise
,
dashes
against
the
Rocks
,
and
is
dispers'd
as
it
were
into
a
Vapour
,
which
filling
the
Air
,
often
seems
to
represent
a
kind
of
Rain-bow
,
especially
in
the
Morning
.
The
Town
of
Narva
owes
its
Foundation
to
Waldemar
II
.
King
of
Denmark
,
A.
D.
1223
,
and
was
taken
by
the
Moscovites
in
1558.
But
the
Swedes
recover'd
it
in
1581
,
and
it
was
confirm'd
to
them
by
a
Treaty
of
Peace
,
in
1599.
REVEL
,
Revalia
is
situated
on
the
Gulph
of
Finland
,
and
hath
a
commodious
Harbour
,
about
33
German
Miles
West
of
Narva
,
and
37
North
of
Riga
.
It
is
one
of
the
most
famous
Marts
of
these
Territories
,
and
included
within
the
League
of
the
Hanse-Towns
.
It
was
formerly
dignify'd
with
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Riga
;
but
since
the
Reform'd
Religion
prevail'd
in
these
Parts
,
that
Title
has
been
discontinu'd
,
and
all
Ecclesiastical
Affairs
are
manag'd
by
Superintendents
.
The
chief
Church
is
dedicated
to
St.
Olaus
,
and
a
Gymnasium
,
or
kind
of
University
is
here
establish'd
for
the
instructing
of
young
Gentlemen
in
the
liberal
Arts
and
Sciences
.
This
City
was
founded
by
Waldemar
II
.
King
of
Denmark
,
about
A.
D.
1230.
But
Waldemar
III
.
sold
it
in
1374
,
to
the
Grand
Master
of
the
Teutonick
Order
.
Afterward
it
became
subject
to
the
Polanders
,
but
having
put
it self
under
the
Protection
of
the
Kings
of
Sweden
,
in
1561
,
has
ever
since
remain'd
in
their
Possession
,
being
defended
by
a
Castle
built
on
a
Rock
,
which
is
steep
and
craggy
on
all
sides
except
that
which
faces
the
Town
.
RIGA
,
Riga
called
Riig
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
Rigen
by
the
Germans
,
stands
on
the
Frontiers
of
Curland
,
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Dwina
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Bay
of
the
same
name
,
and
the
Baltick
Sea
,
being
distant
seven
Swedish
Miles
from
Mittaw
to
the
North
,
29
from
Revel
to
the
South
,
25
below
Dunenburg
to
the
West
,
45
from
Konigsberg
to
the
North-East
,
and
48
Polish
Miles
from
Wilna
.
It
was
heretofore
the
Seat
of
the
Knights
of
Espadon
,
as
also
afterward
of
the
Grand
Masters
of
the
Teutonick
Order
,
and
is
as
yet
the
Metropolis
of
Litland
,
having
long
since
enjoy'd
the
Title
of
an
Arch-Bishoprick
,
first
founded
by
Pope
Innocent
III
.
in
1215.
This
City
was
built
by
Albert
III
.
Bishop
of
Livonia
,
in
1196
,
or
(
as
others
say
)
10
Years
before
by
Bishop
Bertold
.
It
is
well
fortify'd
with
a
firm
Wall
,
Rampart
and
Ditches
,
on
that
side
toward
Moscovy
,
and
with
a
strong
Castle
next
the
River
,
which
is
the
Residence
of
the
General
Governor
of
Livonia
.
The
Houses
are
all
built
either
with
Stone
or
Brick
.
But
the
City
of
Riga
is
more
especially
famous
for
its
Traffick
into
all
parts
of
the
Baltick
Sea
,
its
Harbour
being
also
much
frequented
by
English
,
Dutch
,
and
German
Merchants
,
who
arrive
here
in
the
Summer
time
,
and
are
furnished
with
Hemp
,
Flax
,
Wax
,
Pitch
,
Tar
,
Planks
ready
saw'd
for
Building
,
Skins
and
Furs
of
all
sorts
,
&c.
all
which
are
brought
thither
over
the
Ice
and
Snow
upon
Sledges
out
of
Moscovy
and
Poland
,
during
the
Winter
Season
:
The
Inhabitants
in
like
manner
drive
a
constant
Trade
with
the
Curlanders
throughout
the
whole
Year
;
They
commonly
speak
either
Swedish
,
High-Dutch
,
Curlandish
or
Livonian
,
but
their
Divine
Service
reform'd
according
to
the
Augustan
Confession
,
is
usually
celebrated
in
the
German
Tongue
,
and
the
Magistrates
cause
all
publick
Deeds
to
be
engross'd
in
the
same
Language
.
They
have
been
for
some
time
subject
to
the
Kings
of
Poland
,
but
Charles
IX
.
King
of
Sweden
,
twice
in
vain
attempted
,
viz.
in
1605
and
1609
,
to
make
himself
Master
of
their
City
;
however
it
was
afterwands
taken
by
his
Son
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
A.
D.
1621.
It
hath
been
also
since
beleaguer'd
by
the
Moscovites
,
who
were
repulsed
after
they
had
maintain'd
the
Siege
for
some
Months
,
with
much
Shame
,
and
a
very
great
Slaughter
.
INGRIA
,
or
INGERMELAND
,
Ingria
,
is
a
fertile
and
pleasant
Province
,
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Lake
Ladoga
,
on
the
South
by
Pleskow
,
on
the
East
by
part
of
Moscovy
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Gulph
of
Finland
.
It
is
extended
from
North
to
South
about
40
Leagues
,
and
46
from
East
to
West
;
and
formerly
appertain'd
to
the
Dominions
of
the
Moscovites
,
but
the
Swedes
having
afterward
taken
Possession
thereof
,
the
Czar
,
Michael
Federowitz
,
entirely
resign'd
it
to
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
conformably
to
the
Articles
of
the
Treaty
of
Stockholm
,
A.
D.
1618.
-
Ingria
,
wherein
are
contain'd
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Notteburg
,
Cap.
-
Jvannowgorod
.
-
Jamagorod
.
-
Caporia
.
NOTTEBURG
,
No●teburgum
,
call'd
Oreska
by
the
Russians
,
that
is
to
say
the
Nut
,
from
its
Compactness
and
Strength
,
is
built
on
a
small
Island
of
the
Lake
Ladoga
,
where
the
River
Nieva
flows
toward
the
Confines
of
Russia
.
It
is
the
chief
Town
of
the
Province
of
Ingria
;
and
well
fortified
,
but
was
taken
by
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
King
of
Sweden
,
A.
D.
1614.
There
are
many
Islands
depending
on
the
States
of
the
King
of
Sweden
,
the
most
remarkable
whereof
are
specified
in
the
ensuing
Table
,
together
with
their
principal
Towns
.
The
Islands
of
Sweden
.
-
Gotland
,
in
which
are
,
-
Wisby
,
Cap.
-
Norwick
.
-
Oeland
,
wherein
are
,
-
Borkholm
,
Cap.
-
Ostemby
.
-
Rugen
,
in
which
are
,
-
Berghen
,
Cap.
-
Newschans
.
-
Oesel
,
in
which
are
,
-
Arensburg
,
Cap.
-
Sonneburg
.
-
Aland
,
-
Castelholm
,
Cap.
-
Dagho
,
or
Dachden
,
-
Dagheroart
.
-
Usedom
.
-
Vollin
.
The
Isle
of
GOTHLAND
,
or
GUTLAND
,
Gothlandia
and
Gothia
,
is
situated
in
the
Baltick
Sea
,
at
the
distance
of
15
German
Miles
from
the
Coasts
of
Ostrogothland
to
the
East
,
20
from
Curland
,
30
from
Dantzick
,
50
from
Bornholm
,
and
80
from
Rostock
.
It
is
stretch'd
forth
in
length
from
North
to
South
,
for
the
space
of
above
18
Miles
of
the
like
measure
,
and
five
or
six
in
breadth
from
East
to
West
.
It
was
undoubtedly
first
inhabited
by
the
Goths
,
who
gave
it
their
name
,
and
affords
good
Pasture
for
Cattel
,
more
especially
Oxen
and
Hories
.
This
Island
formerly
depended
on
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
King
of
Denmark
,
to
whom
it
was
sold
A.
D.
1408
,
by
the
Russian
Knights
,
for
the
Sum
of
9000
Crowns
;
afterward
it
was
granted
to
the
King
of
Sweden
in
the
Treaty
of
Bromsbroo
,
in
1645.
However
the
Danes
took
it
again
in
1677
,
but
were
oblig'd
to
restore
it
to
the
Swedes
,
by
vertue
of
a
Treaty
of
Peace
concluded
at
Fontainbleau
near
Pa●is
in
France
,
A.
D.
1679.
WISBY
,
or
VISBURG
,
the
chief
Town
of
the
Isle
of
Gothland
,
and
the
Seat
of
its
Governor
,
was
heretofore
a
large
City
and
a
famous
Mart
,
enclosing
within
its
Bounds
Ten
Churches
and
Four
Monasteries
,
but
it
is
now
gone
very
much
to
decay
,
and
retains
few
Inhabitants
.
It
is
reported
,
that
Hydrographical
Tables
and
Sea-Charts
were
first
Printed
here
,
and
certain
Rules
prescribed
for
Navigation
and
Commerce
throughout
the
whole
Ocean
,
as
far
as
the
Scythian
Sea
,
and
Hercules-Pillars
.
OELAND
,
Oelandia
aut
Olandia
,
is
a
pleasant
and
fruitful
Isle
,
separated
from
the
Province
of
Smaland
,
by
a
narrow
Streight
called
Calmar-sund
.
Its
utmost
extent
from
North
to
South
consists
of
69
Miles
,
but
its
greatest
breadth
scarcely
includes
20.
Many
Herds
of
Oxen
,
Horses
,
and
Fallow-Deer
,
are
bred
in
this
Island
,
the
sides
whereof
are
rais'd
and
fortified
with
a
great
number
of
Castles
,
particularly
the
Fort
of
Barkholm
,
or
Bornholm
.
It
was
taken
by
Frederick
III
.
King
of
Denmark
,
A.
D.
1536
,
but
soon
after
regain'd
by
Gustavus
I.
King
of
Sweden
.
In
1613
it
fell
into
the
hands
of
Gustavus
Adolphus
,
and
has
been
subject
ever
since
to
the
Swedish
Monarchs
.
OESEL
,
Osilia
lies
at
the
entrance
of
the
Gulph
of
Livonia
,
containing
about
15
Miles
in
length
,
six
or
seven
in
breadth
,
and
80
in
compass
.
It
is
distant
16
German
Miles
from
Riga
to
the
North-West
,
11
from
Pernaw
,
10
from
Windaw
to
the
North
,
80
from
Copenhagen
,
and
100
from
Lubeck
.
This
Island
wherein
are
comprehended
nine
or
ten
Parishes
,
is
defended
with
two
Fortresses
,
viz.
those
of
Arensburg
and
Sonneburg
,
and
separated
from
that
of
DAGHO
,
or
DACHDEN
,
Daghoa
,
only
by
a
very
narrow
Bay
or
Channel
.
The
later
of
these
Islands
is
not
so
large
as
the
other
,
but
on
its
Southern
Coasts
are
erected
two
small
Castles
,
named
Padem
and
Dagheroart
.
ALAND
,
Alandia
,
is
an
Island
in
the
Baltick
Sea
environ'd
with
many
others
of
little
note
,
and
lying
between
Finland
to
the
East
,
and
Upland
to
the
West
,
from
whence
it
is
distant
25
Miles
.
It
abounds
in
Fish
and
divers
sorts
of
Beasts
;
nevertheless
there
are
not
found
any
Wolves
nor
Deer
within
its
Territories
.
A
Chronological
TABLE
,
shewing
the
Succession
of
109
Kings
of
Sweden
.
|
A.
M.
|
Years
.
|
1.
Eric
I.
After
the
Deluge
.
|
2014
|
liv'd
2
or
300
|
2.
Uddo
,
Alo
,
or
Olhen
.
|
|
|
3.
Charles
I.
Diorneghetar
.
|
|
|
4.
Gyluvius
,
or
Gyrpho
.
|
|
|
5.
Judices
.
|
|
|
6.
Odin
.
|
|
Reigned
|
7.
Humble
.
|
2673
|
about
39
|
8.
Sigtrugius
.
|
2712
|
|
9.
Suirdager
.
|
2831
|
60
|
10.
Asmund
.
|
2891
|
48
|
11.
Usfo
.
|
2939
|
44
|
12.
Hunding
.
|
2983
|
48
|
13.
Regner
.
|
3031
|
29
|
14.
Hothebrod
.
|
3060
|
60
|
15.
Attilus
I.
|
3120
|
54
|
16.
Hother
.
|
3174
|
78
|
17.
Hotaric
Slingebanch
.
|
3252
|
84
|
18.
Attilus
II
.
|
3336
|
|
An
Interruption
of
five
or
six
Hundred
Years
.
|
19.
Alaricus
.
|
3916
|
13
|
20.
Eric
II
.
or
III
.
sir-nam'd
the
Wise
.
|
3929
|
|
|
A.
C.
|
Years
.
|
21.
Haldan
.
|
43
|
Reign'd
57
|
22.
Sivard
.
|
100
|
69
|
23.
Eric
IV
.
|
169
|
12
|
24.
Haldan
II
.
Bergsam
.
|
181
|
13
|
25.
Unguin
.
|
194
|
9
|
26.
Ragnald
.
|
203
|
17
|
27.
Amund
.
|
220
|
6
|
28.
Haquin
.
|
226
|
14
|
29.
Osten
.
|
240
|
22
|
30.
Halver
.
|
262
|
16
|
31.
Ingo
.
|
278
|
|
32.
Fielmo
.
|
|
|
33.
Ingel
.
|
|
|
34.
Jerunder
,
or
Germond
.
|
382
|
5
|
35.
Haquin
Ringo
.
|
387
|
Reign'd
2
|
36.
Egillus
Vendelkraka
.
|
389
|
16
|
37.
Gothar
.
|
405
|
about
28
|
38.
Adel
.
|
433
|
4
|
39.
Osten
II
.
|
437
|
16
|
40.
Ingemar
,
or
Canut
.
|
453
|
2
|
41.
Halstan
.
|
455
|
|
Here
are
reckon'd
up
14
Kings
,
according
to
the
report
of
Joannes
Magnus
,
which
make
an
Interruption
of
3
or
400
Years
,
viz.
1
Ragual
.
2
Suvartan
.
3
Jordon
.
4
Rodolphus
.
5
Gostagus
.
6
Arthum
.
7
Haquin
.
8
Charles
IV
.
9
Charles
V.
10
Birger
.
11
Eric
V.
12
Torillus
.
13
Biorn
.
14
Alaricus
.
|
56.
Biorn
,
or
Bern
II
.
|
800
|
34
|
57.
Herot
.
|
834
|
22
|
58.
Charles
VI
.
|
856
|
12
|
59.
Biorn
III
.
|
868
|
23
|
60.
Ingel
.
|
885
|
6
|
61.
Olaus
I.
|
891
|
9
|
62.
Ingo
II
.
|
900
|
7
|
63.
Eric
VI
.
Bederhat
.
|
907
|
10
|
64.
Eric
VII
.
the
Victorious
.
|
917
|
63
|
65.
Eric
VIII
.
|
949
,
or
980
|
32
|
66.
Olaus
II
.
|
1012
|
5
|
67.
Amand
the
Collier
.
|
1019
|
16
|
68.
Emond
I.
|
1035
|
6
|
69.
Haquin
III
.
the
Ruddy
.
|
1041
|
12
|
70.
Stenchil
.
|
1059
|
|
71.
Ingo
III
.
|
1059
|
|
72.
Halstan
,
the
Brother
of
Ingo
.
|
1064
|
5
|
73.
Philip
,
the
Son
of
Halstan
.
|
1080
|
16
|
74.
Ingo
IV
.
the
Son
of
Philip
.
|
1110
|
30
|
75.
Raynald
.
|
1129
|
19
|
76.
Suercher
II
.
|
1140
|
21
|
He
first
assum'd
the
Title
of
King
of
Sweden
,
the
others
were
styl'd
Kings
of
Upsal
.
|
77.
Eric
IX
.
the
Saint
.
|
1160
|
20
|
78.
Charles
VII
.
|
1162
|
2
|
79
,
Olaus
II
.
|
|
Reign'd
|
80.
Canut
,
the
Son
of
St.
Eric
.
|
1168
|
24
|
81.
Suercher
III
.
|
1192
|
19
|
82.
Eric
X.
|
1211
|
8
|
83.
John
I.
|
1219
|
4
|
84.
Eric
XI
.
the
Stammerer
.
|
1223
|
28
|
85.
Waldemar
.
|
1251
|
26
|
86.
Magnus
I.
the
Adult
.
|
1277
|
14
|
87.
Birgher
,
the
Son
of
Magnus
.
|
1291
|
28
|
88.
Magnus
II
.
Smet
.
|
1319
|
41
|
89.
Eric
XII
.
poison'd
by
his
Mother
Blanche
.
|
1360
|
16
|
He
spake
thus
to
his
Nephew
Eric
XIII
.
Sweden
shall
Nourish
you
,
Norway
shall
Cloath
you
,
and
Denmark
shall
Defend
you
.
|
90.
Albertus
Megalopolitanus
.
|
1376
|
20
|
91.
Margaret
the
Dane
.
|
|
|
92.
Eric
XIII
.
King
of
3
Kingdoms
.
|
1396
|
45
|
93.
Christopher
the
Bavarian
.
|
1441
|
4
|
94.
Charles
VIII
.
the
Canut
.
|
1445
|
12
|
95.
Christian
I.
|
1457
|
14
|
96.
Stenosturus
,
the
old
Administrator
of
the
Kingdom
.
|
1471
|
26
|
97.
John
II
.
|
1497
|
7
|
98.
Stenosturus
,
Regent
.
|
1504
|
|
99.
Suantosurus
,
Regent
.
|
1504
|
16
|
100.
Christian
II
.
the
Tyrant
.
|
1520
|
3
|
101.
Gustavus
II
.
|
1523
|
37
|
102.
Eric
XIV
.
|
1560
|
8
|
103.
John
III
.
|
1568
|
26
|
104.
Sigismund
I.
|
1594
|
6
|
105.
Charles
IX
.
Duke
of
Sudermania
.
|
1600
|
11
|
106.
Gustavus
Adolphus
III
.
the
Great
.
|
1611
|
21
|
107.
Christina
.
|
1632
|
22
|
108.
Charles
Gustavus
X.
|
1654
|
6
|
109.
Charles
XI
.
|
1660
|
Reigning
.
|
CHAP.
XI
.
POLAND
,
Polonia
.
POLAND
,
or
POLZKA
,
as
it
is
call'd
by
the
Natives
,
derives
its
name
(
according
to
the
most
probable
conjecture
)
from
Pole
and
Polu
,
which
words
in
the
Sclavonian
Tongue
signifie
a
Champain-Ground
or
Place
convenient
for
Hunting
,
by
reason
that
the
Country
consists
for
the
most
part
of
vast
Plains
and
spacious
Forests
;
altho'
others
suppose
the
Denomination
to
have
been
taken
from
Lechus
or
Lachus
,
the
first
Captain
of
these
People
,
who
are
nam'd
Po-lachi
,
i
.
e
.
the
Posterity
of
Lachus
,
and
by
Corruption
Polani
,
or
Poloni
.
Indeed
it
is
urg'd
by
the
maintainers
of
this
Opinion
,
that
the
Polanders
still
call
themselves
Polacci
,
and
that
they
are
termed
Polacchi
by
the
Italians
,
as
also
Lachi
and
Lechit●e
,
by
the
Russians
,
Greeks
and
Tartars
.
Poland
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Moscovy
,
Swedish
Livonia
,
and
the
Baltick
Sea
;
on
the
South
by
Moldavia
,
Transylvania
and
Hungary
;
on
the
East
by
part
of
Moscovy
,
and
the
lesser
Tartary
,
and
on
the
West
by
Germany
.
Its
utmost
extent
from
South
to
North
comprehends
about
200
Leagues
,
viz.
from
the
Mountains
of
Transylvania
,
as
far
as
the
Gulph
of
Riga
,
from
the
45
deg
.
36
min.
to
the
55
deg
.
29
min.
of
Latitude
,
as
also
of
300
Leagues
from
West
to
East
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
the
Frontiers
of
Brandenburg
,
to
those
of
the
lesser
Tartary
,
and
from
the
46
deg
.
to
the
60th
of
Longitude
.
map of Poland
THE
KINGDOME
OF
POLAND
WITH
ITS
CONFINES
.
The
Air
of
this
Country
is
as
different
as
its
Soil
,
but
generally
so
piercing
Cold
,
that
Trees
are
often
parch'd
to
the
very
Roots
,
and
Water
freezes
ere
it
falls
to
the
Ground
.
The
Lakes
and
Rivers
are
likewise
frozen
five
or
six
Months
together
,
and
so
hard
that
Coaches
and
loaded
Carts
pass
over
them
,
even
at
the
end
of
March
;
which
vehement
Sharpness
of
the
Air
may
perhaps
be
imputed
to
the
largeness
of
the
Continent
,
or
thickness
of
the
Woods
.
The
Soil
on
the
Western
side
brings
forth
all
sorts
of
Corn
and
Fruits
in
so
great
abundance
,
that
considerable
quantities
of
them
are
transported
into
foreign
Nations
.
Toward
the
North
are
delightful
Plains
.
In
the
Southern
parts
almost
nothing
is
to
be
seen
but
Hills
or
rugged
Mountains
,
in
which
are
found
some
Mines
of
Silver
,
Lead
,
Copper
,
Iron
,
divers
sorts
of
Minerals
and
Salt
,
which
is
commonly
taken
out
in
huge
Masses
,
after
the
same
manner
as
Stones
out
of
a
Quarry
.
On
the
Eastern
side
the
Country
is
full
of
Forests
,
Woods
,
Marshes
,
Lakes
and
Rivers
,
the
Waters
whereof
are
not
wholsome
to
drink
,
neither
can
the
Corn
be
here
brought
to
maturity
;
insomuch
that
Travellers
meet
with
so
many
inconveniences
,
that
they
are
oblig'd
to
stay
until
the
Winter-Season
draws
near
,
and
then
proceed
in
their
Journey
with
much
more
ease
by
the
help
of
the
Ice
.
The
most
remarkable
RIVERS
of
Poland
are
,
1.
The
Weissel
,
mention'd
by
several
Authors
under
the
different
names
of
Vistula
,
Istula
,
Visula
,
Justilla
and
Vandalus
,
which
taking
its
rise
in
the
Dutchy
of
Teschen
in
Silesia
,
out
of
Mount
Carpathus
,
now
call'd
Crapack
,
runs
by
Cracow
,
Sandomir
,
Warsaw
,
Vladislaus
,
Thorn
,
Colm
and
Dantzick
.
This
River
anciently
separated
Europaean
Sarmatia
from
Germany
,
and
having
continu'd
its
course
above
100
Polish
Miles
,
at
the
Island
Grosswerder
;
is
divided
into
two
Streams
,
emptying
it self
by
one
into
the
Bay
Frisch-Haff
,
and
by
the
other
into
the
Baltick
Sea
.
2.
The
Wart
,
which
after
having
water'd
Siradia
,
Posna
,
Olstin
,
&c.
falls
into
the
Oder
near
Costrin
.
3.
The
Dwina
,
which
springs
in
the
Moscovian
Russia
,
passes
to
Vilespez
,
Poloscz
,
and
at
last
,
after
a
Course
130
Leagues
through
Russia
,
Lithuania
and
Livonia
,
throws
it self
into
the
Gulph
of
Riga
.
4.
The
Nieper
,
heretofore
call'd
Boristhenes
,
which
waters
Smolensko
,
traverses
part
of
Lithuania
,
runs
to
Kiow
,
crosses
the
Ukraine
,
and
at
length
rolls
into
the
Black
Sea
.
5.
The
Niester
,
which
having
past
to
Caminieck
,
in
like
manner
discharges
its
Waters
into
the
Black
or
Euxine
Sea
.
6.
The
Bog
or
Hypanis
of
the
Greeks
,
which
takes
its
origine
from
a
Lake
on
the
Frontiers
of
Podolia
,
and
falls
into
the
Nieper
.
7.
The
Bug
,
which
rising
in
Red-Russia
near
Olesco
,
enters
the
Narva
.
In
the
greater
Poland
,
Cujavia
and
the
Territory
of
Lublin
,
are
divers
considerable
Lakes
abounding
with
all
sorts
of
fresh
Fish
,
the
chief
whereof
are
Goplo
,
five
Miles
long
and
half
a
Mile
broad
,
and
Briale
,
or
the
White-Lake
,
so
nam'd
by
an
Antiphrasis
,
in
regard
that
in
the
Months
of
April
and
May
it
dies
the
Skins
of
those
that
wash
in
it
with
a
kind
of
swarthy
Tincture
.
The
Polanders
are
generally
of
a
good
Complexion
and
Tall
Stature
,
corpulent
and
robust
;
being
also
Valiant
,
expert
in
Military
Affairs
,
and
resolute
;
yet
very
courteous
to
Strangers
,
and
lovers
of
Magnificence
and
Good-cheer
:
But
they
are
somewhat
revengful
,
and
treat
their
Peasants
as
Slaves
;
more
especially
in
Lithuania
.
The
Noble-men
are
Rich
,
and
often
attended
with
a
Troop
of
stout
Horse-men
;
so
that
with
this
Equipage
they
sometimes
commit
very
great
Outrages
among
the
Common
People
,
and
even
Gentlemen
that
are
inferiour
to
them
in
Power
,
and
make
Incursions
into
the
Territories
of
their
Neighbors
;
having
also
the
power
of
Life
and
Death
over
their
own
domestick
Servants
.
All
the
Persons
of
Quality
in
general
are
very
desirous
of
liberty
and
independency
,
and
to
maintain
the
right
of
Electing
their
King
.
The
Gentry
take
much
delight
in
keeping
Horses
and
Arms
,
so
that
200000
of
them
may
soon
be
raised
,
and
appear
well
accoutred
on
any
emergent
Occasion
,
being
very
dextrous
in
managing
their
Weapons
abroad
,
and
no
less
skilful
in
the
Liberal
Arts
at
home
.
The
Women
are
beautiful
,
of
a
free
and
generous
Disposition
,
neither
arrogant
nor
obstinate
,
sooner
appeas'd
than
provok'd
to
Anger
,
and
much
inclin'd
to
Civility
and
Hospitality
,
especially
to
Strangers
,
whose
Customs
and
Manners
they
are
apt
to
imitate
.
In
fine
,
they
are
candid
,
open-hearted
,
and
very
tractable
,
if
manag'd
with
gentleness
and
discretion
.
As
for
the
Education
of
their
Youth
,
they
at
first
cause
them
to
be
well
instructed
in
the
Latin-Tongue
,
so
that
in
no
part
of
Italy
,
nor
in
even
in
Rome
it self
,
are
to
be
found
so
many
Persons
able
to
speak
it
so
readily
as
here
,
even
the
Daughters
of
the
Nobility
and
wealthy
Citizens
,
being
taught
either
at
home
or
in
the
Monasteries
to
write
and
read
the
Latin
,
as
well
as
their
Native
Language
,
but
they
are
not
p●rmitted
to
learn
Greek
lest
they
should
also
imbibe
the
Religion
of
that
Nation
.
The
young
Women
,
wh●n
grown
up
to
years
of
maturity
,
are
put
to
learn
Good-H●●wifry
,
and
accustom'd
to
Spinning
,
Weaving
,
Sowing
,
and
all
other
Employments
becoming
their
S●x
;
whilst
the
Men
are
addicted
to
Husbandry
,
Merchandizing
,
or
the
management
of
the
Affairs
of
Church
or
State
.
The
Polish
LANGUAGE
is
a
Dialect
of
the
S●●●●mi●n
,
but
not
very
copious
,
neither
can
one
easily
attain
to
write
and
read
it
by
reason
of
the
multitude
of
Consonants
;
yet
its
harshness
is
much
abated
in
discour●e
,
by
pronouncing
them
as
if
intermixt
with
Vowels
.
Indeed
most
of
the
Terms
of
Art
for
Mechan●cal
Trades
and
Instruments
are
borrow'd
from
the
Germans
,
of
which
Nation
many
Artificers
and
Merchants
reside
in
Poland
;
nay
the
High-Dutch
is
chiefly
us'd
in
some
Towns
and
Villages
,
besides
the
Latin
,
which
is
almost
every
where
spoken
even
among
the
very
Peasants
.
It
is
certain
that
the
Kingdom
of
Poland
is
one
of
the
most
considerable
in
Europe
,
on
the
account
of
its
situation
,
extent
,
fertility
and
strength
.
The
Country
,
which
is
very
spacious
in
many
places
,
affords
very
good
Pastur●
for
Cattel
,
abounding
with
Honey
,
Wax
,
Corn
,
and
divers
sorts
of
Fruits
.
The
Ponds
and
Lakes
are
full
of
variety
of
Fish
,
and
the
Forests
yield
Fodder
to
many
Herds
of
Deer
,
Owres
or
Wild-Oxen
,
Buffles
,
Elks
,
Horses
and
Wild-Asses
,
besides
Bears
,
Wolves
,
Foxes
,
Martins
,
Squirrils
,
Hares
,
Rabbets
,
&c.
The
Christian
Faith
was
first
receiv'd
in
these
parts
according
to
the
Ceremonies
of
the
Church
of
Rome
,
A.
C.
965
,
under
King
Micislaus
,
in
the
time
of
Pope
John
XIII
.
which
tho'
it
be
still
the
most
profess'd
and
predominant
RELIGION
,
nevertheless
some
others
have
got
no
small
footing
in
several
quarters
of
the
Kingdom
,
especially
toward
the
Palatinate
of
Cracow
.
The
Provinces
of
Masovia
and
Cujavia
are
almost
entirely
inhabited
by
Roman
Catholicks
,
and
the
Lutheran
Doctrin
has
prevail'd
very
much
throughout
Prussia
:
But
a
great
number
of
Jews
,
Grecians
,
Arians
and
Socinians
reside
in
Lithuania
.
Russia
affords
a
place
of
Habitation
to
many
Armenians
that
resort
to
Leopol
;
whilst
Podolia
and
the
Ukraine
are
possess'd
by
the
Ruthenians
who
adhere
to
the
Belief
and
Ceremonies
of
the
Greek
Church
,
under
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Kiow
,
whose
Jurisdiction
is
subject
to
the
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
.
The
Reformation
began
in
Poland
in
the
Year
1535
,
but
was
never
generally
embrac'd
;
and
the
Antitrinitarians
first
appear'd
in
1560
,
by
the
Instigation
of
certain
runnagado
Italians
,
particularly
Paulus
Alciatus
a
Milanese
,
Valentinus
Gentilis
,
Bernardinus
Ochinus
,
Paulus
Orsacius
,
Franciscus
Lismaninus
,
&c.
who
were
all
at
first
profess'd
Protestants
,
but
some
of
them
fell
off
to
Arianism
,
Photinianism
,
Anabaptism
,
Judaism
and
Mahometanism
,
and
others
endeavour'd
to
set
up
new
Sects
of
their
own
.
Their
Errors
were
first
countenanc'd
by
Georgius
Blandrata
a
Physician
,
Nicolaus
Adreus
,
Petrus
Statovius
,
and
some
other
Persons
of
Quality
,
and
afterward
propagated
in
1579
,
by
Faustus
Socinus
,
who
indeed
gave
name
to
the
Sect
of
Socinians
,
but
had
learnt
his
Opinions
from
his
Uncle
Lelius
Socinus
,
the
first
reviver
of
those
pernicious
Doctrines
in
that
Age
.
Socinus
was
succeeded
by
some
Persons
of
more
eminent
Learning
,
as
Joannes
Crellius
,
Jonas
Slichtingius
,
&c.
by
whose
Authority
the
Party
was
kept
united
,
and
settled
at
Racovia
under
the
Protection
of
Sienjenius
,
where
they
erected
a
Church
,
School
and
Printing-Press
,
which
were
taken
from
them
in
1638
,
their
Pastors
being
also
banish'd
at
the
same
time
by
an
Order
of
the
Diet
,
upon
a
complaint
made
of
the
Insolence
of
their
Scholars
,
some
of
whom
had
presum'd
to
throw
down
a
Cross
near
their
Seat
at
Racovia
;
whereupon
Sienjenius
their
Patron
dy'd
of
grief
,
and
their
Disciples
were
likewise
banish'd
by
King
John
Casimire
,
A.
D.
1660.
Two
Metropolitan
Sees
have
been
long
since
established
in
this
Kingdom
,
viz.
that
of
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Gnesna
,
who
is
Primate
or
first
Prince
of
the
Realm
,
Legate
of
the
See
of
Rome
,
and
perpetual
President
of
the
Diet
;
and
that
of
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Leopol
;
together
with
16
Suffragan
Bishopricks
.
There
are
also
two
noted
Universities
,
viz.
of
Cracow
and
Konigsberg
,
besides
35
Palatinates
,
and
80
Castellanies
.
The
GOVERNMENT
of
Poland
,
if
we
examine
well
the
Authority
of
the
King
,
Senators
and
Noble-men
;
will
appear
to
be
a
mixture
of
Monarchy
and
Aristocracy
,
but
partakes
more
of
the
later
,
altho'
to
these
some
add
a
Democracy
,
in
comprehending
the
Citizens
and
Kmetones
or
Husband-men
,
but
they
being
never
admitted
to
Publick
Offices
,
or
any
share
in
the
Government
,
ought
not
to
be
reckon'd
among
the
Orders
and
States
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
was
at
first
Successive
,
as
is
evident
from
the
Testimony
of
all
the
Historians
of
this
Nation
,
until
in
process
of
time
the
custom
of
choosing
their
Monarchs
,
(
for
default
of
Issue
of
the
true
Royal
Family
)
having
by
little
and
little
encroach'd
upon
the
Scepter
,
at
last
render'd
it
altogether
Elective
;
so
that
from
the
Death
of
one
Prince
to
the
Election
of
another
,
there
are
frequently
too
long
Interregna
;
during
which
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Gnesna
takes
upon
him
the
sole
Administration
of
Publick
Affairs
,
acting
as
an
absolute
Sovereign
,
save
that
he
is
not
Crown'd
with
the
Royal
Diadem
.
Such
an
Interreign
may
not
only
happen
upon
the
decease
,
but
also
by
the
Deposition
or
Resignation
of
the
Kings
,
(
altho'
the
Examples
of
deposing
them
are
not
now
so
frequent
as
formerly
)
and
the
same
Prelate
exercises
the
like
Office
during
the
King's
absence
or
residence
in
another
Country
,
as
when
Henry
Valois
withdrew
himself
into
France
,
and
Sigismund
III
.
undertook
an
Expedition
into
Sweden
.
If
there
be
no
Arch-Bishop
of
Gnesna
,
then
this
Dignity
devolves
on
the
Bishop
of
Cujavia
,
or
in
case
that
See
be
in
like
manner
vacant
,
on
the
Bishop
of
Posnania
.
The
King
acts
only
conformably
to
the
Laws
and
Constitutions
of
the
Realm
,
and
cannot
make
any
new
ones
until
they
are
subscribed
by
a
certain
number
of
Senators
and
Noble-men
,
yet
he
is
reputed
the
Interpreter
of
them
,
so
that
an
Appeal
may
be
made
to
him
from
all
the
Magistrates
of
the
Provinces
.
However
the
Nobility
create
the
chief
Judge
or
Marshal
,
with
his
Assistants
,
nor
does
the
King
sit
alone
upon
Causes
that
are
brought
before
him
by
way
of
Appeal
;
neither
can
he
Coin
Mony
,
or
undertake
an
offensive
War
,
or
encrease
the
number
of
the
standing
Militia
,
or
enter
into
any
new
Leagues
without
the
consent
of
the
States
General
;
only
ancient
Alliances
may
be
renew'd
by
him
with
the
Advice
of
the
Senators
resident
at
Court
.
He
is
not
permitted
to
possess
any
Hereditary
Lands
in
his
own
Kingdom
,
nor
to
go
beyond
its
Frontiers
,
except
the
Senate
agree
thereto
.
He
is
also
oblig'd
to
consult
them
before
he
contract
a
Marriage
for
himself
,
and
afterward
to
take
care
that
the
Queen
do
not
meddle
with
State-Affairs
:
Indeed
his
Majesty
disposes
of
all
the
Royal
Revenues
,
and
of
all
Offices
Ecclesiastical
and
Civil
,
having
a
Right
to
nominate
to
Bishopricks
,
and
all
Consistorial
Dignities
;
nevertheless
he
is
bound
to
supply
such
as
are
vacant
,
by
a
time
limited
,
and
restrained
from
conferring
a
Plurality
of
high
Dignities
upon
one
Person
,
or
even
the
Offices
of
a
Bishop
,
a
Palatine
,
Castellan
,
&c.
on
any
of
his
own
Kindred
of
the
Royal
Family
;
as
also
from
seeking
his
own
Advantage
in
the
Advancement
of
any
Man
;
neither
can
he
degrade
the
same
Persons
,
tho'
ill
deserving
,
without
the
consent
of
the
States
.
The
Kings
of
Poland
take
a
solemn
Oath
to
observe
all
these
Articles
,
and
some
others
,
before
their
Coronation
,
which
is
usually
perform'd
at
Cracow
,
where
the
Crown
is
kept
in
the
chief
Treasury
,
the
Person
that
officiates
at
the
Ceremony
being
always
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Gnesna
,
if
not
hinder'd
by
Sickness
.
The
Revenues
of
the
King's
Houshould
arise
out
of
his
Lands
and
Salt-pits
,
and
are
computed
to
amount
to
above
three
Millions
of
Florens
per
Annum
,
besides
the
Sum
of
100000
Livres
allow'd
to
the
Queen
for
the
keeping
of
her
Court
.
But
the
State
provides
Money
for
the
maintaining
of
Wars
,
and
defraying
all
other
extraordinary
Expences
.
The
Polanders
are
good
Soldiers
,
but
the
chiefest
Strength
of
the
Nation
consists
in
the
Cavalry
,
which
is
very
numerous
and
readily
rais'd
,
in
regard
that
the
Nobility
are
oblig'd
by
the
Laws
of
the
Land
to
attend
the
King
in
all
Expeditions
,
for
the
Safety
of
the
Kingdom
,
under
the
penalty
of
the
Confiscation
of
their
Goods
.
They
all
serve
on
Horse-back
,
and
are
enroll'd
,
(
as
it
has
been
already
intimated
)
to
the
number
of
above
200000.
Nevertheless
since
there
are
very
few
fortify'd
Places
on
the
Frontiers
of
Poland
,
above
100000
can
scarce
be
drawn
together
without
leaving
the
Provinces
too
naked
and
expos'd
to
the
fury
of
Invaders
.
Every
one
of
the
Polish
Horse-men
is
generally
arm'd
with
a
Carbine
,
two
Pistols
,
a
Hatchet
and
a
Fauchion
,
besides
a
Quiver
full
of
Arrows
and
a
Bow
hanging
behind
his
Back
,
whereof
he
makes
use
after
having
discharg'd
his
Fire-Arms
,
when
the
Enemy
begins
to
betake
himself
to
flight
.
However
these
Troops
of
Noble-men
,
when
assembled
,
serve
only
for
the
defence
of
their
Country
,
and
cannot
be
compell'd
to
march
above
five
Leagues
beyond
its
limits
;
so
that
whensoever
it
is
requisite
to
lead
an
Army
farther
,
stipendiary
Soldiers
are
levy'd
by
the
Decree
of
the
Senate
.
The
Polish
Infantry
is
of
little
repute
,
and
on
that
account
altho'
every
City
is
bound
to
set
forth
a
certain
number
,
yet
the
King
often
chuses
a
Sum
of
Mony
sufficient
for
the
Charges
,
and
provides
foreign
Forces
,
hir'd
chiefly
out
of
Hungary
and
Germany
.
The
Administration
of
JUSTICE
is
perform'd
according
to
the
Statutes
or
the
Realm
,
which
Sigismund
Augustus
caus'd
to
be
reduc'd
into
one
Body
,
A.
D.
1520.
And
the
Courts
of
Judicature
in
respect
of
their
Division
are
the
same
as
in
other
Countries
,
i
.
e
.
either
Ecclesiastical
or
Secular
,
both
for
Civil
and
Criminal
Causes
;
but
it
would
be
too
tedious
here
to
give
a
particular
account
of
the
several
Judges
and
manners
of
Proceedings
therein
.
The
chief
of
these
are
,
1.
The
Court
of
Land
Judicature
,
that
is
peculiar
to
the
Nobles
,
and
in
which
all
Suits
relating
to
their
Lands
are
determin'd
.
2.
The
Captains
Jurisdiction
,
or
Court-Military
,
call'd
Sudy
Grodskie
,
the
chief
Judge
whereof
is
a
Captain
,
who
sits
alone
and
takes
cognizance
of
Robberies
on
the
High-way
,
Burglary
,
Rapes
,
and
other
Misdemeanors
of
the
like
nature
.
3.
The
Commissorial
Courts
,
and
that
of
the
Sub-Chamberlain
for
the
limiting
of
the
Bounds
of
Noble-mens
Estates
.
4.
The
Tribunal
Courts
,
where
the
Judges
being
as
well
Spiritual
as
Secular
,
examine
all
Causes
brought
before
them
by
way
of
Appeal
from
inferiour
Courts
,
and
sit
only
in
two
places
of
the
Kingdom
,
viz.
at
Petricow
and
Lublin
.
5.
The
Courts
of
the
General
Conventions
,
which
are
either
Criminal
or
Civil
;
the
former
being
erected
to
make
Inquisition
into
Publick
Crimes
,
as
High-Treason
,
Violation
of
the
Privileges
of
the
Diet
,
debasing
or
counterfeiting
the
King's
Coin
,
&c.
as
also
into
private
,
as
Murder
,
Adultery
,
Incest
,
Poisoning
,
and
such
like
hainous
Offences
.
To
the
Civil
Conventional
Courts
belong
all
Causes
concerning
the
Estate
of
the
King's
Houshold
,
negligence
of
Magistrates
,
extortion
of
Customs
,
&c.
The
Judges
of
this
Court
are
the
King
and
Senators
.
7.
The
Court
of
the
Exchequer
usually
held
at
Radom
,
and
therefore
call'd
Tribunal
Radomiense
.
8.
The
Commission
for
the
payment
of
Soldiers
Wages
,
where
are
try'd
such
Soldiers
as
have
not
appear'd
after
the
receipt
of
their
Pay
,
or
that
have
committed
any
Outrages
upon
the
Subjects
.
10.
The
Captural
Courts
,
both
General
and
Particular
,
which
are
constituted
to
prevent
disorders
during
an
Interregnum
,
and
have
absolute
power
of
Life
and
Death
.
These
Courts
cease
three
Weeks
before
the
Assemblies
for
Elections
are
conven'd
,
and
sit
again
when
the
Election
is
finish'd
,
until
the
Coronation
of
the
new
King
.
11.
The
Assessorial
Court
,
where
all
Causes
remov'd
from
the
City
Courts
are
heard
,
the
Chancellor
sitting
as
Supreme
Judge
,
assisted
by
the
Masters
of
Requests
,
and
the
principal
Secretaries
of
State
.
12.
The
Court
of
Relations
,
where
the
King
himself
is
Judge
,
and
takes
cognizance
of
all
Matters
brought
hither
by
Appeal
out
of
the
Assessorial
Court
;
but
no
Appeal
lies
from
hence
save
only
to
the
General
Diet
or
Parliament
.
Among
the
Spiritual
Courts
,
that
of
the
Nunciature
is
chiefly
remarkable
,
which
belongs
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Pope's
Nuncio
,
who
for
that
purpose
always
resides
in
Poland
,
but
before
he
enters
upon
his
Office
,
is
oblig'd
to
present
to
the
King
and
the
principal
Ministers
of
State
,
the
Apostolical
Brief
of
his
Nunciature
,
and
to
acknowledge
the
King
as
Supreme
within
his
Dominions
.
The
Councils
or
Parliaments
of
Poland
are
of
two
sorts
,
viz.
Civil
or
Military
;
the
later
are
only
held
in
the
time
of
an
Interreign
,
and
the
Counsellors
appear
in
a
Military
habit
.
But
they
come
in
their
Gowns
or
Robes
to
the
former
,
which
are
frequently
call'd
,
and
are
either
1.
Ordinary
,
which
are
summon'd
(
according
to
the
Laws
)
once
in
two
Years
;
or
2.
Extraordinary
,
which
are
conven'd
upon
some
emergent
Occasion
,
as
the
necessity
of
Affairs
requires
.
Every
Province
sends
its
Delegates
,
(
almost
in
the
same
manner
as
the
Counties
or
Shires
in
England
,
except
that
they
are
not
chosen
by
the
People
)
and
their
whole
number
amounts
to
about
300.
The
principal
Officers
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
Dutchy
of
Lithuania
,
are
the
Grand
Marshals
,
Chancellors
,
Vice-Chancellors
,
and
High
Treasurers
of
both
these
States
,
and
the
Under-Marshals
,
or
simply
the
Marshal
for
the
Court
of
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
that
for
the
Court
of
the
Dukedom
;
to
these
may
be
added
the
principal
Secretaries
,
Masters
of
Requests
,
Captains
General
,
&c.
Thus
the
whole
State
is
divided
into
two
principal
parts
,
viz.
the
Kingdom
of
Poland
,
and
the
Grand
Dutchy
of
Lithuania
,
each
whereof
is
subdivided
into
divers
Provinces
and
Palatinates
,
which
are
plac'd
in
their
Order
in
the
following
Tables
.
SECT
.
I.
UPPER
POLAND
,
Polonia
Superior
.
The
UPPER
or
LESSER
POLAND
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
and
East
by
the
Lower
Poland
,
on
the
South
by
Hungary
,
and
on
the
West
by
Silesia
.
It
comprehends
3
Palatinates
,
viz.
of
Cracovia
,
Sandomir
and
Lublin
.
In
the
first
of
these
are
included
4
Castellanies
,
3
Dutchies
and
one
County
,
as
also
Eight
Castellanies
in
the
Second
.
This
Province
(
as
all
the
others
formerly
have
been
)
is
overspread
with
Woods
,
and
was
heretofore
very
much
infested
by
Robbers
.
The
Upper
Poland
divided
into
Three
Palatinates
,
viz.
-
1.
Cracovia
,
wherein
are
contain'd
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Cracow
,
Bish
.
Cap.
R.
-
Lelow
.
-
Sandeez
.
-
Osvieczin
.
-
Zator
.
-
Severia
.
-
Scepuz
,
County
.
-
Wounitz
.
-
2.
Sandomir
,
in
which
are
-
Sandomir
,
Cap.
-
Steziicza
.
-
Corzin
.
-
Opoczno
.
-
Radom
.
-
Visticz
.
-
Chencin
.
-
Pilsno
.
-
Malogsch
.
-
Sechow
.
-
3.
Lublin
,
in
which
are
-
Lublin
.
-
Casimier
.
-
Zakaw
.
-
Parkow
.
-
Wisendow
.
CRACOW
,
Cracovia
,
the
Capital
City
of
the
Province
of
the
same
name
,
and
of
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Poland
,
is
seated
on
a
rocky
Bank
of
the
Vistula
or
Weissel
,
at
the
end
of
a
vast
Plain
,
9
Polish
Miles
East
of
the
Frontiers
of
Silesia
,
11
from
those
of
the
Upper
Hungary
,
23
from
Sendomir
,
30
from
Olmutz
,
35
South-East
of
Uratislaw
,
40
from
Vienna
,
and
about
50
from
Buda
.
It
had
its
name
(
as
its
suppos'd
)
from
one
Cracus
,
Gracus
or
Gracchus
,
a
Person
of
great
Reputation
,
and
as
the
Bohemians
give
it
out
,
one
of
their
Princes
,
whom
the
Polanders
with
much
Sollicitation
perswaded
to
take
upon
him
the
entire
Adminstration
of
the
Government
,
after
they
grew
weary
of
the
Twelve
Palatines
or
Waiwodes
,
that
succeeded
King
Lechus
I.
Others
affirm
it
to
be
the
Cawdanum
of
Ptolomy
,
corrupted
into
Cracow
.
However
it
is
the
largest
and
best
built
of
any
Town
in
Poland
,
being
divided
into
four
quarters
,
viz.
Cracow
properly
so
call'd
,
Casimiria
,
Stradomia
and
Cleparia
;
the
first
is
encompass'd
with
a
Ditch
and
Wall
flank'd
with
round
Brick
Towers
,
but
its
chiefest
Ornament
is
the
Castle
founded
on
a
Rock
,
and
taking
up
the
space
of
a
Mile
in
compass
.
It
is
a
large
Stone
Building
,
consisting
of
two
Wings
round
a
square
Court
,
having
Galleries
supported
with
Pillars
and
pav'd
with
black
and
white
Marble
.
The
King's
Apartments
,
with
some
others
,
are
adorn'd
with
divers
curious
Paintings
and
Statues
,
and
the
Country
round
about
affords
one
of
the
finest
Prospects
in
Europe
.
The
quarter
of
Casimiria
is
join'd
to
the
others
by
a
fair
Timber
Bridge
erected
over
the
Weissel
,
and
Stradomia
lies
between
Cracow
and
the
same
Bridge
.
The
Houses
are
for
the
most
part
of
Free-stone
,
and
four
or
five
Stories
high
,
but
cover'd
on
the
Top
with
Boards
instead
of
Slates
and
Tiles
.
The
Cathedral
of
St.
Stanislaus
is
noted
for
its
Chapter
and
Treasury
,
and
there
are
above
50
other
Churches
in
the
Town
,
among
which
that
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
standing
in
the
great
Place
fronts
10
large
Streets
,
and
is
surrounded
with
four
Rows
of
magnificent
Structures
.
An
University
was
first
begun
here
by
King
Casimir
the
Great
,
finished
A.
D.
1401
,
by
Vladislaus
Jagello
,
conformably
to
the
last
Will
and
Testament
of
his
Queen
Heduiges
,
and
had
its
Privileges
confirm'd
by
Pope
Urban
VI
.
However
the
Scholars
abandon'd
it
in
1549
,
by
reason
that
the
Magistrates
had
refus'd
to
execute
Justice
on
the
Servants
of
Andrew
Czarnkowski
,
who
in
a
Quarrel
had
slain
a
great
number
of
Students
.
Afterward
they
were
dispers'd
into
several
parts
of
Germany
,
but
at
last
returning
Protestants
,
spread
the
Lutheran
Doctrin
throughout
Poland
and
gain'd
many
Proselytes
.
The
City
of
Cracow
was
erected
into
a
Metropolitan
See
even
upon
the
first
planting
of
the
Christian
Religion
in
the
Kingdom
,
under
Micceslaus
I.
who
began
to
Reign
,
A.
C.
964
;
but
within
100
Years
after
it
degenerated
into
a
simple
Bishoprick
,
under
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Gnesna
,
in
regard
that
Lampert
Zula
could
not
be
perswaded
to
receive
his
Pall
from
the
Pope
of
Rome
,
as
his
Predecessors
had
done
;
nevertheless
a
contest
arising
between
Ivo
Prelate
of
this
Diocess
,
and
the
Bishop
of
Uratislaw
about
Precedency
,
the
former
upon
his
submissive
Appeal
to
the
See
of
Rome
,
was
restor'd
to
the
dignity
of
an
Arch-Bishop
,
altho'
it
continu'd
only
during
his
Life
.
The
Swedes
made
themselves
Masters
of
this
City
in
1655
,
after
a
Siege
of
five
Months
,
when
the
quarter
of
Stradomia
was
almost
ruin'd
,
and
the
Inhabitants
compell'd
to
pay
300000
Rix-Dollars
to
be
exempted
from
being
plunder'd
.
SANDOMIR
,
or
SENDOMIR
,
a
very
pleasant
Town
,
and
the
chief
of
the
Palatinate
,
that
takes
its
name
from
thence
,
is
situated
on
a
rising
Ground
near
the
Confluence
of
the
Rivers
Weissel
and
San
,
28
Polish
Miles
East
of
Cracow
,
and
32
South
of
Warsaw
.
It
is
fortify'd
with
Walls
,
a
strong
Fortress
,
and
some
other
regular
Works
,
rais'd
by
Casimir
the
Great
.
Among
the
publick
Buildings
the
Monastery
of
Dominican
Friars
founded
by
Ivo
Arch-Bishop
of
Cracow
,
is
chiefly
remarkable
.
A
Synod
was
conven'd
here
against
the
Heresie
of
Stancarus
,
in
the
Year
1570
,
and
another
wherein
the
Confession
of
Augsburg
,
Bohemia
and
Switzerland
were
approv'd
.
This
Town
was
Sackt
by
the
Tartars
,
A.
D.
1240
,
and
taken
by
the
Swedes
in
1655
,
but
restor'd
to
the
Polanders
in
the
year
ensuing
.
LUBLIN
,
Lublinum
,
stands
on
the
foot
of
a
Hill
water'd
by
the
River
Vstricza
,
and
is
defended
by
an
adjacent
Castle
,
which
owes
its
Foundation
to
the
Russians
.
It
is
not
a
very
large
,
but
well
built
Town
,
and
much
frequented
by
Turkish
,
Armenian
,
Moscovitish
and
German
Merchants
,
especially
during
the
3
great
Marts
that
are
kept
there
every
Year
.
It
is
encompass'd
on
all
sides
with
Marshes
,
and
was
wall'd
round
by
Casimir
the
Great
.
The
principal
Church
was
erected
by
Lescus
,
sir-nam'd
the
Black
,
upon
a
signal
Victory
gain'd
in
the
neighbourhood
over
the
Lithuanians
,
and
dedicated
to
St.
Michael
,
who
had
promis'd
him
good
Success
the
night
before
the
Battel
was
fought
.
There
are
also
divers
magnificent
Monasteries
,
and
among
others
,
one
founded
by
Vladislaus
Jagello
.
This
Town
is
noted
for
one
of
the
two
High-Courts
of
Judicature
held
therein
,
from
whence
no
Appeal
lies
except
to
the
Parliament
of
Poland
,
being
distant
about
five
Miles
from
the
Confines
of
Red-Russia
,
12
West
of
Chelm
,
14
from
Sendomir
,
24
South
of
Warsaw
,
and
36
North-East
of
Cracow
.
SECT
.
II
.
LOWER
POLAND
,
Polonia
Inferior
.
The
LOWER
POLAND
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Pomerania
and
Prussia
,
on
the
South
by
the
Upper
Poland
,
on
the
East
by
Lithuania
,
and
on
the
West
by
Silesia
,
and
the
Marquisate
of
Brandenburg
.
It
comprehends
three
Parts
,
viz.
the
Greater
Poland
properly
so
call'd
,
Cujavia
and
Masovia
,
together
with
10
Palatinates
and
32
Castellanies
.
It
is
for
the
most
part
a
level
Champain
Country
,
abounding
with
Rivers
,
Lakes
and
Ponds
,
and
well
stockt
with
all
sorts
of
Fish
and
Fowl
.
Indeed
some
parts
of
Cujavia
are
Mountainous
,
yet
the
Hills
feed
many
Flocks
of
Sheep
that
yield
good
store
of
Wool
,
and
the
Vallies
afford
plenty
of
Corn
.
Lower
Poland
divided
into
Three
Provinces
.
-
1.
The
Lower
Poland
proper
in
five
Palatinates
.
-
1.
Of
Posna
,
or
Posnania
,
in
which
are
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Posna
,
Bish
.
Cap.
Castellany
,
-
Primen
.
-
Ragosno
.
-
Zandok
.
-
Mezaritz
.
-
Srzodo
.
-
2.
Of
Kalisch
,
in
which
are
-
Gnesna
,
Arch-Bish
.
Cap.
-
Kalisch
.
-
Kamin
.
-
Lauda
.
-
Pisdri
.
-
Nakel
.
-
3.
Of
Siradia
,
in
which
are
-
Sirad
,
Cap.
-
Skadow
.
-
Radomsko
.
-
Petrikow
.
-
Vielun
.
-
Rizepice
.
-
4.
Of
Rava
,
in
which
are
-
Rava
,
Cap.
-
Gostinin
.
-
Sohaczow
.
-
Lowicz
.
-
5.
Of
Lanschet
,
in
which
are
-
Lanschet
,
Cap.
-
Unenow
.
-
Bresini
.
-
Inoulocz
.
-
2.
Cujavia
,
two
Palatinates
.
-
1.
Of
Bresty
,
in
which
are
-
Bresty
,
Cap.
-
Kruswick
.
-
Coval
.
-
Predek
.
-
Voisinow
.
-
2.
Of
Dinowlocz
,
in
which
are
-
Vladislaus
,
Cap.
-
Bobrunitz
.
-
Bidgots
.
-
Biechow
.
-
1.
Masovia
,
in
which
are
-
Warsaw
,
Cap.
-
Ciokanow
.
-
Wissegrod
.
-
Makow
.
-
Rozan
.
-
Lombzc
.
-
Zembow
.
-
Wisna
.
-
Nur
.
-
Liw
.
-
Cerne
.
-
Zacrol
.
-
Norodnor
.
-
Camieniec
.
-
Czerk
.
-
Slubow
.
-
2.
Ploczkow
,
in
which
are
-
Ploczkow
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Zuveren
.
-
Mlaw
.
-
Stene
.
-
Plunskow
.
-
Stepez
.
-
Rasuntz
.
-
3.
Polachia
,
in
which
are
-
Biesk
,
Cap.
-
Bragiczin
.
-
Miolnick
.
-
Bransk
.
-
Suras
.
-
Gradek
.
-
Losicza
.
-
Augustow
.
-
Wassistow
.
-
Tikeczin
.
-
Knissia
.
POSNA
,
Posnania
,
called
Poznan
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
Posen
by
the
Germans
,
is
situated
in
the
midst
of
divers
Hills
,
and
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Warta
,
at
the
distance
of
7
Polish
Miles
from
Gnesna
to
the
West
toward
Francfurt
on
the
Oder
,
20
German
Miles
from
Uratislaw
to
the
North
,
and
50
from
Cracow
.
It
is
a
City
of
a
small
compass
,
nevertheless
well
built
and
adorn'd
with
a
stately
Castle
,
enjoying
also
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Gnesna
.
John
Lubransko
,
some
time
Bishop
of
this
Diocess
,
founded
a
Gymnasium
or
petty
University
,
in
the
Suburbs
of
Posna
,
which
Structure
has
been
since
very
much
beautify'd
by
Adam
Canar
,
one
of
his
Successors
;
nevertheless
the
Jesuits
College
and
Monastery
are
very
sumptuous
Buildings
.
The
greater
part
of
the
Inhabitants
are
Roman
Catholicks
,
although
numerous
swarms
of
Jews
reside
among
them
,
and
even
enjoy
more
Privileges
than
the
Citizens
themselves
,
who
are
generally
very
courteous
and
gentile
,
wearing
richer
Apparel
than
is
ordinary
in
any
other
place
except
Cracow
.
The
Town
is
govern'd
by
a
Burgo-Master
chosen
yearly
(
as
a
Mayor
in
our
Cities
)
out
of
the
Court
of
Schipins
or
Aldermen
,
and
during
his
Government
is
dignify'd
with
the
Title
of
General
of
Great
Poland
.
GNESNA
,
Gnesna
called
Gnisen
by
the
Germans
,
was
heretofore
the
Metropolis
of
Poland
,
as
also
the
Royal
Seat
of
the
King
,
and
yet
retains
the
Title
of
an
Arch-Bishoprick
,
being
distant
3
Polish
Miles
from
the
River
Warta
to
the
North
,
7
from
Kalisch
,
as
many
from
Posna
to
the
East
,
about
13
from
Toren
,
30
from
Dantzick
,
and
33
from
Warsaw
to
the
North-West
.
It
was
built
(
as
it
is
generally
reported
)
by
Lechus
or
Leschus
I.
the
Founder
of
this
Kingdom
,
and
call'd
Gnesna
from
Gnesiad
,
which
in
the
Polish
Language
signifies
an
Eagles-Nest
,
by
reason
that
a
Nest
of
those
Birds
was
th●n
discover'd
in
an
adjacent
Field
,
whence
even
at
this
day
the
Polish
Princes
give
a
Spread-Eagle
for
their
Coat
of
Arms.
The
whole
City
was
almost
entirely
ruin'd
by
a
terrible
Conflagration
,
which
happen'd
therein
,
A.
D.
1613
,
and
is
at
present
considerable
only
as
being
the
usual
place
of
Residence
of
its
Arch-Bishop
,
who
as
yet
enjoys
very
great
Privileges
,
for
(
as
it
has
been
elsewhere
declared
)
he
is
Legate
of
the
See
of
Rome
in
Poland
,
as
also
Primate
and
Regent
of
the
Kingdom
after
the
King's
death
,
giving
Audience
to
Ambassadors
except
at
the
time
of
an
Election
:
He
convenes
the
Senate
,
appoints
a
certain
day
for
the
chusing
of
a
new
King
,
propounds
all
matters
necessary
to
be
debated
,
Crowns
the
Kings
and
Queens
,
and
takes
care
of
their
Funeral
Obsequies
.
In
fine
,
the
same
Prelate
bears
the
title
of
the
first
Prince
of
the
Realm
,
and
refuseth
even
to
give
place
to
a
Cardinal
,
so
that
none
of
that
College
at
Rome
is
ambitious
to
be
sent
into
Poland
.
In
the
Cathedral
is
kept
an
inestimable
Treasure
of
Gold
,
Silver
,
and
enamell'd
Vessel's
,
given
by
divers
Princes
of
Poland
,
and
Prelates
of
the
See
,
which
was
much
augmented
by
the
Legacies
of
Henry
Firley
,
late
Arch-Bishop
,
who
besides
a
great
number
of
Vessels
and
rich
Vestments
,
left
his
own
Mitre
,
valu'd
at
24000
Polish
Guilders
,
or
about
2300
l.
Sterling
.
The
Gates
opening
a
Passage
to
the
same
Church
,
which
are
made
of
Corinthian
Brass
,
curiously
wrought
,
were
first
taken
out
of
the
Monastery
of
Corsuna
in
the
Taurick
Chersonese
,
afterward
remov'd
to
Kiow
,
and
brought
from
thence
hither
by
the
order
of
King
Boleslaus
II
.
WARSAW
,
Varsavia
,
the
Capital
City
of
the
Province
of
M●sevia
,
is
divided
into
4
parts
,
viz.
the
Suburb
of
Crac●w
,
viz.
and
the
Prag
,
the
old
and
new
Town
,
being
situated
on
the
Vistula
,
in
the
very
heart
or
center
of
the
Kingdom
,
at
an
equal
distance
from
all
the
Provinces
,
on
which
account
the
States
of
the
Realm
always
assemble
therein
.
It
is
also
adorn'd
with
divers
stately
Piles
of
Building
,
particularly
a
spacious
Palace
founded
by
Sigismund
III
.
and
much
improv'd
by
his
Successors
,
where
the
Kings
of
Poland
generally
keep
their
Court
.
Over
against
it
on
the
other
side
of
the
River
(
over
which
is
erected
a
stately
Timber-Bridge
)
stands
another
Royal
Palace
in
the
midst
of
delightful
Groves
and
Gardens
,
and
commonly
call'd
Viasdow
,
where
the
Grand
States
or
Parliament
of
Poland
usually
sit
and
debate
about
the
most
important
Affairs
of
the
Kingdom
.
The
other
Publick
Edifices
are
●ledge●o
less
remarkable
,
viz.
the
Church
of
St.
John
Baptist
,
●ledge●
which
Secular
Canons
officiate
,
the
Arsenal
,
Castle
,
Market-place
,
&c.
Divers
sorts
of
Merchandises
are
convey'd
hither
along
a
River
out
of
the
neighbouring
Provinces
,
and
afterward
from
thence
as
far
as
Dantzick
,
to
be
transported
into
foreign
Countries
.
In
the
Suburbs
of
Cracow
is
a
small
Chappel
built
on
purpose
for
the
burial
of
Joannes
Demetrius
Suiscius
,
Grand
Duke
of
Moscovy
,
who
died
a
Prisoner
in
the
Castle
of
Gostynen
,
together
with
his
two
Brothers
.
This
City
was
taken
by
the
Swedes
A.
D.
1655
,
and
is
scarce
distant
3
Polish
Miles
from
the
Frontiers
of
the
lesser
Poland
,
as
also
24
from
Lanschet
,
as
many
North-East
of
Lublin
,
29
South-East
of
Thorn
,
30
North
of
Sendomir
,
33
West
of
Gnesna
,
40
of
Posna
,
and
as
many
North
East
of
Cracow
.
PLOCZKO
,
or
PLOSKO
,
Plauoum
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
Palatinate
of
that
name
,
stands
on
a
high
Bank
of
the
River
Vistula
or
Weissel
,
from
whence
one
may
take
a
fair
Prospect
of
a
pleasant
and
fruitful
Country
.
The
City
is
very
populous
,
and
has
been
long
dignify'd
with
a
Bishops
See
.
Besides
the
Cathedral
,
there
are
divers
other
Churches
and
Monasteries
well
endow'd
,
especially
the
Abby
of
Benedictine
Monks
in
the
Suburbs
,
where
among
other
Relicks
is
kept
the
Head
of
St.
Sigismund
in
Gold
,
which
was
given
by
King
Sigismund
III
.
SECT
.
III
.
PRUSSIA
,
Prussia
aut
Borussia
.
PRUSSIA
depends
in
part
on
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Crown
of
Poland
,
being
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Baltick
Sea
,
on
the
South
by
the
Provinces
of
Cujavia
and
Masovia
,
on
the
East
by
that
of
Samogitia
,
and
on
the
West
by
Pomerania
.
These
Territories
were
at
first
subject
to
certain
Sovereign
Dukes
,
until
the
Knights
of
the
Teutonick-Order
,
got
the
Possession
of
them
in
the
XIII
.
Century
after
a
tedious
War
.
In
1454
,
the
Western
part
was
subdu'd
by
the
Polanders
,
and
Albert
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
,
the
34th
and
last
Master
of
that
Order
,
having
shaken
off
the
Polish
Yoke
,
obtain'd
the
Eastern
part
under
the
title
of
a
Dutchy
,
about
A.
D.
1520.
So
that
Prussia
has
been
divided
ever
since
that
time
into
Royal
and
Ducal
.
The
same
Albert
embrac'd
the
Doctrin
of
Luther
,
perswaded
most
of
the
Teutonick
Knights
to
marry
,
and
introduc'd
the
Reform'd
Religion
into
this
Country
,
which
is
fruitful
,
but
over-spread
with
Woods
.
It
is
also
water'd
with
a
great
number
of
Rivers
,
the
chief
of
which
are
the
Weissel
,
Cronon
,
or
Niemen
,
Nogat
,
Elbing
,
Weser
,
&
Passar
,
besides
some
Lakes
,
7
Polish
Miles
in
compass
,
and
many
Bays
and
safe
Harbours
on
the
Sea-Coasts
.
The
ancient
Inhabitants
have
been
long
since
extirpated
,
and
the
Prussians
at
this
day
are
a
kind
of
mixt
People
that
sprang
from
the
Colonies
of
the
Swedes
,
Polanders
,
Germans
,
and
other
neighbouring
Nations
.
Prussia
divided
into
Two
Parts
,
viz.
-
1.
Royal
in
Two
Palatinates
.
-
1.
Of
Pomerania
,
in
which
are
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Dantzick
,
Cap.
-
Derseaw
.
-
Suece
.
-
Tichel
.
-
Glukow
.
-
Mirachow
.
-
Slokow
.
-
Putsk
.
-
2.
Of
Marienburg
,
in
which
are
,
-
Marienburg
,
Cap.
-
Mewa
.
-
Dirschaw
.
-
3.
Of
Elbing
,
in
which
are
,
-
Elbing
,
Cap.
-
Fraussemberg
,
Bish
.
-
Brounsberg
.
-
Heilsperg
.
-
4.
Of
Culmigeria
,
wherein
are
,
-
Culm
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Thorn
.
-
Colmensee
,
Bish
.
-
Golaw
.
-
Graudents
.
〈…〉
-
2.
Ducal
,
in
which
are
,
viz.
-
Konigsberg
,
Cap.
-
Pilaw
.
-
Memel
.
-
Welaw
.
-
Tilsa
.
-
Marienwerder
.
-
Johanburg
.
-
Brondeburg
.
DANTZICK
,
Dantiscum
aut
Gedanum
,
in
the
Lat
.
of
54
deg
.
and
the
Long
.
of
41.
deg
.
30
min.
the
Capital
City
of
the
Palatinate
of
Pomerania
,
hath
a
very
capacious
and
safe
Harbour
,
near
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Vistula
or
Weissel
,
which
falls
about
one
German
Mile
below
it
into
the
Bay
of
the
same
name
,
and
the
Baltick
Sea
,
being
distant
6
Polish
Miles
from
Marienburg
to
the
North-West
,
8
from
Elbing
to
the
West
,
24
from
Konigsberg
,
44
from
Stetio
,
22
from
Thorn
to
the
North
,
30
from
Gnesna
and
50
from
Warsaw
.
The
Town
it self
is
water'd
by
the
Rivulets
of
Rodawn
and
Motlaw
,
and
divided
into
two
parts
,
viz.
the
Old
and
New
:
It
is
surrounded
on
the
Southern
and
Western
sides
with
high
Mountains
,
and
was
well
fortified
with
Bulwarks
against
the
Incursions
of
the
Swedes
,
A.
D.
1656.
It
had
been
heretofore
only
a
small
Village
,
but
was
afterward
erected
into
a
City
,
by
King
Primislaus
,
in
1295
,
and
enclos'd
with
Walls
in
1343
,
but
its
chief
part
nam'd
Die
rechte
Stadt
,
was
built
by
Conrad
Wallenrodt
,
Master
of
the
Teutonick-Order
,
about
A.
D.
1390.
Indeed
some
Authors
are
of
opinion
,
that
its
first
Foundation
was
laid
by
the
Danes
,
and
that
it
was
on
that
account
call'd
Dansvick
i
.
e
.
Danes-Town
;
but
it
is
more
probable
that
to
the
word
Dan
,
Cdan
,
or
Gdan
,
the
Sclavonian
Termination
Scke
being
added
,
made
Danscke
,
or
Gdanscke
,
from
whence
came
the
Latin
name
Gedanum
,
and
the
Vulgar
Dantzick
.
However
it
is
at
present
a
famous
Mart
,
and
one
of
the
principal
Hanse-Towns
,
being
govern'd
by
its
own
Laws
,
under
the
Protection
of
the
Kings
of
Poland
.
The
greater
part
of
the
Inhabitants
have
adher'd
to
the
Augsburg
Confession
of
Faith
,
ever
since
the
Year
1525
,
and
the
Lutherans
alone
are
admitted
to
a
share
in
the
Government
,
altho'
other
Parties
are
tolerated
and
allow'd
the
free
exercise
of
their
Religion
.
The
Churches
are
fair
and
well
built
,
more
especially
St.
Peter's
;
and
St.
Mary's
,
which
is
the
stateliest
Fabrick
in
Prussia
,
having
48
Altars
,
and
3722
Windows
;
the
Font
in
it
was
made
at
Antwerp
,
and
cost
24000
Rix-dollars
,
or
5400
l.
The
other
remarkable
Buildings
are
the
Town-house
,
the
Arsenal
,
the
Exchange
,
the
Place
of
St
Dominick
,
a
College
of
Jesuits
,
&c.
Sabislaus
,
Grand-Son
to
Suantiborus
,
took
this
City
from
the
Danes
about
1186
,
and
it
was
seiz'd
by
the
Polanders
some
time
after
.
The
Knights
of
the
Teutonick-Order
made
themselves
Masters
thereof
in
1305
,
and
wall'd
it
about
in
1343.
Casimir
III
.
King
of
Poland
,
regain'd
it
in
1454
,
and
granted
very
great
Privileges
to
the
Citizens
;
who
afterward
having
declar'd
for
the
Augsburg
Confession
,
sided
with
Maximilian
of
Austria
against
Stephen
Bathori
,
insomuch
that
the
later
proscrib'd
and
even
besieg'd
them
in
1577
,
but
by
the
Mediation
of
other
Princes
,
they
were
restor'd
to
their
Religion
and
Liberties
in
1597.
In
1656
they
vigorously
repuls'd
the
Swedes
,
and
adher'd
to
the
Interest
of
John
Casimir
King
of
Poland
.
Indeed
they
now
make
one
of
the
Members
of
this
State
,
and
were
admitted
to
a
Suffrage
in
the
Election
of
the
Polish
Monarchs
,
in
1632.
MARIENBURG
,
Mariaeburgum
,
call'd
also
Margemburg
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
Malbork
by
the
Polanders
,
is
seated
on
the
Nogat
,
a
branch
of
the
Weissel
,
at
the
distance
of
6
German
Miles
from
Dantzick
to
the
South-east
,
almost
4
from
Elbing
to
the
South-west
,
and
11
from
Thorn
to
the
North
.
It
was
in
time
past
the
chief
Seat
of
the
Knights
of
the
Teutonick-Order
▪
having
been
founded
by
the
Cross-bearers
of
that
Fraternity
,
and
took
its
name
(
as
they
say
)
from
a
miraculous
Image
of
the
Virgin
Mary
.
The
Castle
which
was
formerly
very
strong
,
began
to
be
built
before
the
Town
,
A.
D.
1281
,
and
was
almost
utterly
ruin'd
in
1644
,
neither
is
the
Town
it self
in
a
much
better
condition
,
the
Houses
being
generally
built
with
Wood
,
and
the
Inhabitants
very
Poor
,
yet
the
best
Mead
in
Prussia
is
made
hereabouts
.
Casimir
IV
.
King
of
Poland
,
made
himself
Master
of
this
Town
,
A.
D.
1460
,
and
it
was
taken
by
the
Swedes
in
1625
,
as
also
again
in
1655
,
but
it
was
afterward
restor'd
to
the
Polanders
,
and
as
yet
remains
in
their
Possession
.
CULM
,
Culmia
,
an
ancient
and
famous
City
,
stands
on
an
Hill
the
foot
whereof
is
water'd
by
the
Vistula
about
4
German
Miles
from
Thorn
to
the
North
,
and
15
from
Dantzick
.
It
was
built
by
the
Cross-bearers
of
the
Teutonick-Order
,
A.
D.
1223
,
the
Knights
caus'd
it
to
be
well
fortified
against
the
Irruptions
of
the
Heathen
Prussians
,
and
Herman
de
Salza
,
Master
of
the
same
Order
,
gave
Laws
and
Constitutions
for
its
Government
,
entituled
,
Die
Kulmsche
Hanveste
,
a
Specimen
whereof
was
publish'd
by
Lambecius
out
of
an
old
Dutch
Manuscript
in
the
Emperors
Library
at
Vienna
.
This
City
has
suffer'd
much
damage
during
the
Swedish
Wars
,
and
is
almost
destitute
of
Inhabitants
,
insomuch
that
its
Episcopal
See
,
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Gnesna
,
or
at
least
the
Bishop's
Residence
,
hath
been
for
some
time
removed
to
the
neighbouring
Town
of
Colmensee
.
THORN
,
Torunum
is
divided
into
two
parts
by
the
Vistula
,
and
defended
with
a
strong
Castle
being
distant
4
Polish
miles
from
Culm
to
the
South
,
13
from
Marienburg
,
22
from
Dantzick
,
15
from
Lanschet
,
and
29
from
Warsaw
.
It
was
heretofore
an
Imperial
and
free
City
,
but
was
afterward
exempted
from
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Empire
,
and
as
yet
enjoys
many
Privileges
.
Its
name
seems
to
have
been
deriv'd
from
the
German
word
Thor
,
signifying
a
Gate
,
because
built
by
the
Teutonick-Order
,
as
it
were
a
Gate
to
let
Forces
into
Prussi●
whensoever
an
occasion
serv'd
;
whence
the
Arms
of
the
Town
were
taken
,
viz.
a
Castle
and
Gate
half
open
,
but
it
does
not
stand
in
the
same
place
as
formerly
,
Old
Thorn
having
been
seated
a
Mile
Westward
from
the
New
,
where
the
ruins
of
an
ancient
Castle
and
other
Monuments
are
yet
to
be
seen
.
However
this
Town
is
at
present
the
fairest
and
best
built
of
any
in
Royal
Prussia
,
the
Streets
being
much
broader
,
and
the
Houses
more
stately
than
at
Dantzick
.
It
was
very
much
beautified
by
one
of
its
Burgo-masters
,
nam'd
Henry
Stw●●nd
,
who
dy'd
A.D.
1609
,
for
he
establish'd
a
Gymnasium
or
kind
of
University
here
,
and
endow'd
it
with
a
cons●derable
Revenue
.
He
was
likewise
the
Founder
of
t●e
Hospital
,
Publick
Library
,
and
Town-house
,
whic●redge●
perhaps
may
be
esteem'd
the
most
noble
of
its
kind
in
Europe
,
excepting
the
Stadt-house
of
Amsterdam
.
The
Inhabitants
revolted
from
the
Knights
of
the
Teutonick-Order
.
A.
D.
1454
,
and
put
themselves
under
the
Protection
of
the
Polanders
.
This
City
gave
Birth
to
Nich●laus
Copernicus
,
a
most
famous
Astronomer
,
and
Jo●n
Albert
King
of
Poland
dy'd
therein
A.
D.
1501.
It
was
taken
by
the
Swedish
Forces
,
A.
D.
1655
,
and
re-gain'd
by
the
Polanders
in
1658.
The
Swedes
recover'd
it
afterward
,
and
the
Poles
surpriz'd
it
again
in
1665.
COLMENSEE
,
or
CULMSEE
,
Colmensium
is
only
remarkable
on
the
account
of
the
Episcopal
Se●
of
Culm
,
which
was
translated
thither
and
united
to
that
of
Pomesania
.
It
is
distant
9
miles
from
T●orn
to
the
North
,
19
from
Gaudentz
,
and
12
from
Cu●m
●o
the
South-East
.
SECT
.
IV
.
RED
RUSSIA
,
Russia
Rubra
.
This
Province
is
extended
from
the
Frontiers
of
Lithuania
,
as
far
as
the
Mouth
of
the
Nieper
in
the
Black
Sea
;
which
River
separates
it
from
Moscovy
on
the
East
,
as
likewise
do
the
Mountains
of
Krempach
from
Hungary
on
the
West
.
The
Country
is
extremely
fruitful
in
Corn
,
and
is
divided
into
7
parts
,
viz.
the
Palatinates
of
Red-Russia
,
Podolia
,
Volhinia
,
Bracklaw
,
Kiow
,
(
these
two
last
form
the
Ukraine
)
Belsko
and
Chelm
.
Red-Russia
,
divided
into
7
Parts
or
Palatinates
.
-
1.
The
Palatinate
of
Russia
,
properly
so
call'd
,
in
which
are
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Leopol
,
Arch-B
.
Cap.
-
Premislaw
,
Bish
.
-
Halitz
.
-
Sanoch
.
-
Busch
.
-
Olesko
.
-
Brodi
.
-
Zborow
,
Dutchy
.
-
Zamoski
.
-
Grabowick
.
-
Lubazow
.
-
Jarassaw
.
-
Przoworsk
.
-
Zidaczow
.
-
Clomei
.
-
Snyatin
.
-
2.
The
Palatinate
of
Podolia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Camieniec
,
Bish
.
-
Trembowla
.
-
Latiiczow
.
-
Zvanieck
.
-
Oliczo
.
-
Tarnapol
.
-
Zbaras
,
Dutchy
.
-
Bar
.
-
Kalius
.
-
Usiatin
.
-
Chmielnki
.
-
3.
The
Palatinate
of
Volhinia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Lutzko
or
Luzuk
,
Bish
.
-
Woldzimiers
.
-
Kyzemieniec
.
-
Beresteko
.
-
Constantinow
.
-
Zaslaw
,
Dutchies
.
-
Ostrog
,
Dutchies
.
-
Alexandria
.
-
Derdikzow
.
-
Zitomierz
.
-
Baronowka
.
-
4.
The
Palatinate
of
Braclaw
,
or
the
Lower
Podolia
,
in
which
are
.
-
Braclaw
.
-
Brailow
.
-
Vinnicza
.
-
Kalnick
.
-
Rascow
.
-
Orthow
.
-
Komecpol
.
-
Human
.
-
Targowic
.
-
Chriekiesmi
.
-
5.
The
Palatinate
of
Kiovia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Kiow
,
C.
Bish
.
to
the
Moscovites
,
-
Bialogrodko
.
-
Radomisl
.
-
Czernobel
.
-
Owrucho
.
-
Louvogrod
.
-
Pereslaw
.
-
Kaniow
.
-
Dassain
.
-
Bialacerkiow
.
-
6.
The
Palatinate
of
Belsko
,
in
which
are
.
-
Belsko
,
Cap.
-
Busc
.
-
Grodlow
.
-
Grabow
.
-
Zamoski
,
Princ
.
-
Sozal
.
-
Mosfy
.
-
Magierow
.
-
Tysowec
.
-
7.
The
Palatinate
of
Chelm
,
in
which
are
,
-
Chelm
,
Cap.
-
Kranostaw
,
Bish
.
-
Winnic
.
-
Ratno
.
-
Lubomlo
.
-
Turisk
.
-
Dubna
.
LEOPOL
,
Leopolis
called
Lwow
,
or
Luwow
by
the
Polanders
,
and
Lemburg
or
Russe-Lemburg
by
the
Germans
,
is
the
Metropolis
of
Red-Russia
,
and
stands
amidst
the
Hills
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Peltaw
,
at
the
distance
of
15
Polish
Miles
from
Mount-Krempak
to
the
North
,
and
as
many
from
Premiflaw
to
the
East
,
as
also
30
from
Caminiec
,
40
from
Cracow
,
and
about
50
from
Warsaw
to
the
South-East
.
It
is
a
large
City
well
fortified
with
two
Castles
,
viz.
one
erected
within
the
Walls
,
and
the
other
without
,
on
a
rising
Ground
that
commands
the
Town
,
which
was
first
founded
by
Leo
Duke
of
Russia
,
who
flourish'd
about
A.
D.
1280.
The
Metropolitan
See
of
Halitz
was
translated
hither
,
and
the
Arch-Bishop
is
both
Spiritual
and
Temporal
Lord
of
the
Diocess
.
The
Armenian
Roman
Catholicks
are
likewise
govern'd
by
a
Primate
of
their
Church
.
They
have
inhabited
here
for
a
long
time
,
and
enjoy
very
great
Privileges
on
the
account
of
the
considerable
Commerce
,
which
they
maintain
with
the
Persians
and
other
Eastern
People
.
A
Russian
Bishop
depending
on
the
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
resides
in
like
manner
in
this
City
,
and
Michael
Wisnowiski
King
of
Poland
died
here
A.D.
1673.
The
Cossacks
under
the
Conduct
of
their
General
Chilnieck
,
laid
Siege
to
Leopol
,
A.
D.
1648
,
to
no
purpose
,
and
the
Turks
made
themselves
Masters
thereof
in
1672
,
but
it
was
soon
after
recover'd
out
of
their
hands
.
CAMIENIECK
,
Camenecia
,
Camenecium
aut
Camenecum
,
is
situated
in
the
Confines
of
Valachia
,
on
the
Top
of
a
Mountain
,
and
is
almost
emcompass'd
with
the
Smotrzick
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Niester
.
The
Citadel
is
likewise
built
on
an
adjacent
Rock
,
and
Commands
the
Town
;
its
Avenue
being
cover'd
with
a
Horn-work
,
which
is
separated
from
the
Body
of
the
Place
by
a
deep
Moat
.
It
is
distant
15
Polish
Miles
from
Bar
to
the
West
,
30
from
Leopol
,
or
Lemburg
,
36
from
Jassy
,
70
from
Kiow
,
80
from
Warsaw
,
and
about
170
from
Constantinople
.
This
strong
City
,
which
is
the
See
of
a
Prelate
Suffragan
to
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Leopol
,
was
very
much
ruin'd
by
a
Fire
which
broke
forth
therein
,
A.
D.
1669
,
and
hath
been
often
in
vain
attackt
by
the
Turks
and
Tartars
,
until
at
length
it
fell
into
the
hands
of
the
former
in
1672
,
and
is
still
possess'd
by
those
Infidels
.
It
was
blockt
up
by
Motula
,
General
of
the
Cossacks
,
in
the
Month
of
April
1687
,
and
the
Polanders
made
Preparations
to
join
his
Troops
in
September
,
but
they
were
both
oblig'd
to
retire
upon
the
approach
of
the
Ottoman
Forces
.
Afterward
another
Blockade
was
form'd
by
the
Polish
Army
in
1688
,
the
next
year
they
actually
invested
the
Place
,
and
began
a
formal
Attack
on
the
20th
Day
of
August
,
but
the
Siege
was
rais'd
in
September
following
.
LUTZKO
,
Luceoria
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
Palatinate
of
Volhinia
,
stands
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Ster
,
near
a
Lake
which
covers
part
of
the
Castle
,
scarcely
7
Polish
Miles
from
the
Frontiers
of
Red-Russia
to
th●
East
,
and
25
from
Leopol
to
the
North-east
.
It
is
a
large
City
,
and
bears
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Gnesna
,
but
is
chiefly
inhabited
by
Jews
,
Armenians
,
and
other
Eastern
People
that
Traffick
throughout
these
Countries
.
BRACLAW
,
Braclavia
is
seated
on
the
River
Bog
,
110
Miles
from
Camieniec
to
the
East
,
55
from
Bar
,
and
50
from
the
Confines
of
Valachia
to
the
North
toward
Kiow
.
It
was
taken
and
miserably
laid
waste
by
the
Turks
,
A.
D.
1672.
KIOW
,
Kijovia
,
Chiovia
aut
Kisovia
,
or
Kiouf
,
according
to
the
Pronunciation
of
the
Inhabitants
,
is
water'd
by
the
Boristhenes
or
Nieper
,
and
fortified
with
a
Castle
,
Trench
,
and
some
other
regular
Works
.
But
old
Kiow
was
situated
upon
a
Hill
a
little
beyond
the
River
,
where
are
still
to
be
seen
the
ruins
of
many
Ar●hes
▪
high
Walls
,
Churches
and
burying
places
of
divers
Kings
with
Greek
Inscriptions
.
Of
the
Churches
,
two
remain
in
tolerable
good
Condition
,
viz.
those
of
St.
Sophia
and
St.
Michael
.
The
Walls
of
the
former
are
lined
with
curious
Mosaick-work
,
the
Vault
consisting
of
Earthen-pots
well
cemented
and
fill'd
with
Mortar
,
but
St.
Michaels's
Church
is
chiefly
remarkable
for
its
gilded
Roof
.
Indeed
Kiow
was
heretofore
a
very
large
magnificent
City
,
as
it
appears
from
the
ruins
of
the
Walls
which
are
extended
almost
8
Miles
in
compass
,
and
a
stately
Church
appertaining
at
present
to
a
Grecian
Arch-Bishop
.
It
was
at
first
founded
by
a
certain
Russian
Prince
,
named
Kius
,
A.C.
861.
and
constituted
the
Metropolis
of
Tauro-Scythia
:
Then
it
became
the
Seat
of
the
Russian
Empire
,
and
was
afterward
govern'd
by
its
own
Princes
.
It
was
storm'd
and
pillag'd
by
the
Tartars
,
A.D.
1615
,
and
has
ever
since
declin'd
from
its
ancient
Grandeur
.
It
hath
been
also
often
taken
and
re-gain'd
within
the
space
of
30
Years
,
but
now
remains
in
the
Possession
of
the
Grand
Duke
of
Moscovy
,
to
whom
it
was
lately
pawn'd
by
the
Cossacks
.
The
Episcopal
See
of
Kiow
is
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Leopol
,
and
the
City
is
distant
40
Polish
Miles
from
the
Frontiers
of
Moscovy
to
the
West
,
70
from
Camieniec
,
and
about
100
from
Warsaw
.
About
half
a
League
from
hence
in
the
Village
of
Piecharre
,
stands
a
noble
Monastery
,
the
Residence
of
the
Patriarch
,
and
under
the
adjacent
Mountain
are
divers
Grotto's
or
Caverns
dug
like
Mines
,
wherein
are
preserv'd
a
great
number
of
Human
Bodies
still
entire
,
that
were
buried
very
many
years
ago
,
being
neither
so
black
nor
hard
as
Mummies
;
among
these
,
two
Princes
in
the
same
Habit
they
wore
when
living
,
are
shewn
to
Travellers
by
the
Russian
Monks
.
The
place
where
these
Sepulchres
are
made
,
is
a
sandy
Stone
very
dry
,
and
seems
to
be
of
the
same
nature
as
the
Catacombs
at
Rome
.
BELZKO
,
Belzium
,
the
principal
Town
of
the
Palatinate
of
the
same
name
,
is
built
altogether
of
Timber
in
the
midst
of
the
Marshes
between
Leopol
and
Zamoski
,
about
5
Miles
from
the
River
Bog
.
CHELM
,
Chelma
is
a
small
Town
defended
with
a
Castle
,
the
Out-works
whereof
are
made
of
Wood
,
about
10
Miles
from
Lublin
to
the
East
,
24
from
Premislaw
to
the
North
,
and
12
from
Belzko
.
It
hath
been
sackt
and
burnt
by
the
Moscovites
and
Tartars
during
the
late
Wars
,
and
its
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Leopol
is
translated
to
Cranostaw
,
a
pleasant
Town
distant
only
5
Miles
from
hence
,
and
seated
on
the
River
Wiprecz
;
nevertheless
an
Oriental
Bishop
as
yet
resides
at
Chelm
.
SECT
.
V.
The
Grand
Dutchy
of
LITHUANIA
,
Ducatus
Lithuaniae
.
LITHUANIA
,
call'd
Litwa
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
Litewski
by
the
Polanders
,
lies
between
Moscovy
on
the
East
,
Livonia
and
the
Baltick
Sea
on
the
North
,
Masovia
and
Poland
proper
on
the
West
,
and
Podolia
on
the
South
,
being
extended
260
German
Miles
in
length
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
the
River
Polota
in
the
Confines
of
Livonia
and
Moscovy
,
as
far
as
the
Town
of
Dassow
toward
the
Euxine
Sea
,
and
80
in
breadth
,
between
the
River
Niemen
or
Memel
and
the
Nieper
.
It
is
a
flat
Country
beset
with
a
great
number
of
Woods
,
Forests
and
Marshes
,
that
afford
great
quantities
of
Honey
,
Pitch
,
Tar
and
Timber
,
with
good
store
of
Fish
;
but
the
Air
is
unhealthly
,
which
renders
many
places
little
inhabited
and
almost
desert
.
This
large
Province
hath
been
possess'd
at
several
times
by
different
Princes
and
Dukes
,
and
after
divers
Revolutions
was
inseparably
united
to
the
Kingdom
of
Poland
,
under
the
Reign
of
Sigismund
Augustus
,
by
a
Diet
held
at
Lublin
,
A.D.
1569.
However
it
retains
its
own
peculiar
Laws
and
Privileges
,
and
constitutes
a
part
of
the
Common-wealth
,
so
that
no
important
Affairs
can
be
trans●cted
without
the
concurrence
of
these
States
,
which
are
usually
divided
into
two
large
parts
,
viz.
Those
of
Lithuania
properly
so
called
,
and
those
of
Lithuanick
Russia
.
Within
these
two
Provinces
,
are
also
compris'd
many
Palatinates
,
as
it
appears
from
the
ensuing
Table
.
Lithuania
,
divided
into
2
Provinces
,
viz
-
1.
Lithuania
proper
,
in
3
Palatinates
.
-
1.
Of
Vilna
,
in
which
are
,
-
Vilna
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Wilkomitoz
,
-
Dusiasy
.
-
Osmiana
,
-
2.
Of
Troki
,
in
which
are
,
-
Troki
,
Cap.
-
Couno
,
-
Grodno
,
-
Mereck
.
-
Lida
,
-
3.
Of
Briescia
,
or
Polesia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Briescia
,
-
Pinsko
,
-
Caminiec
,
-
Koden
,
-
Zunia
,
-
Dubruvica
,
-
Kolno
,
-
Tarow
,
-
Davidow
,
-
Horodach
.
-
Motol
,
-
Pohost
,
-
2.
Lithuanick
Russia
,
in
7
Palatinates
.
-
1.
Of
Novogrodek
,
in
which
are
,
-
Novogrodek
,
Cap.
-
Slonim
,
-
Miss
,
-
Lacowisk
.
-
Wolkowiska
,
-
2.
Of
Minski
,
in
which
are
,
-
Minski
,
Cap.
-
Zuislocs
.
-
Boriisow
,
-
3.
Of
Poloco
,
or
Poloczk
,
in
which
are
,
-
Poloco
,
Cap.
-
Wielisk
,
-
Drissa
,
-
Drina
,
-
Cosian
.
-
Usalza
,
-
4.
Of
Witebsko
,
in
which
are
,
-
Witebsko
,
Cap.
-
Surass
,
-
Sussa
,
-
Kzanislaw
,
-
Woronocz
.
-
Ula
,
-
5.
Of
Mscislaw
,
in
which
are
,
-
Mscislaw
,
Cap.
-
Modzic
,
-
Mehilow
,
-
Mazy
,
-
Bichow
,
-
Rzeczica
,
-
Roaczow
.
-
Orssa
,
-
Bobroisko
.
-
6.
Of
Zlucz
,
in
which
are
.
-
Zlucz
,
Cap.
-
Petrilow
,
-
Krodano
.
-
Laban
,
-
7.
Of
Braslaw
,
in
which
are
,
-
Braslaw
,
Cap.
-
Miadzial
.
-
Nawcz
,
VILNA
,
Vilna
,
called
also
Vilenski
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
Wildaw
,
or
Die
Wilde
by
the
Germans
,
is
situated
near
the
Confluence
of
the
Rivers
Wilia
&
Wiln
,
from
whence
its
name
is
deriv'd
,
at
the
distance
of
130
Polish
Miles
from
Cracow
to
the
North-east
,
48
from
Riga
to
the
South
,
70
from
Warsaw
,
and
100
from
Smolensko
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
large
and
very
populous
City
,
and
was
founded
by
Gediminus
,
Grand
Duke
of
Lithuania
,
A.D.
1305
,
but
the
Houses
are
generally
low
and
mean
,
all
built
of
Wood
,
excepting
the
Palace
and
Castle
.
However
the
greater
part
of
the
Churches
are
of
Stone
,
as
are
also
some
of
the
foreign
Merchants
Houses
,
particularly
a
neat
Structure
er●cted
by
the
Moscovian
Company
,
for
a
Repositoy
of
Furs
,
Ermins
,
and
other
rich
Merchandise
brought
from
Moscow
.
In
the
Grand
Duke's
Palace
is
a
Guard-Chamber
,
furnisht
with
all
sorts
of
Arms
,
and
about
two
English
Miles
from
Vilna
stands
another
Ducal
Palace
,
call'd
from
its
Situation
Wersupa
,
i
.
e
.
near
the
Water
.
It
is
entirely
built
with
Wood
,
and
beautify'd
with
a
Park
,
pleasant
Gardens
,
Orchards
,
&c.
Vilna
is
dignified
with
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Gnesna
,
and
an
University
founded
by
King
Stephen
,
in
1579.
The
Moscovites
found
means
to
make
themselves
Masters
of
this
City
,
A.
D.
1655
,
but
it
was
afterward
recover'd
by
the
Polanders
,
and
is
as
yet
subject
to
their
dominion
.
TROKI
,
Troccum
aut
Trocum
,
is
seated
on
a
point
of
Land
that
shoots
forth
into
a
Lake
about
four
Miles
from
Vilna
to
the
West
,
being
encompass'd
on
one
side
with
the
River
Brazala
,
&
defended
on
the
other
with
a
strong
Fortress
,
erected
in
the
midst
of
the
Lake
.
Gediminus
,
Grand
Duke
of
Lithuania
,
laid
the
Foundation
of
this
Town
,
and
kept
his
Court
there
for
some
time
;
but
it
was
storm'd
,
pillag'd
,
and
set
on
fire
by
the
Moscovites
,
in
1655.
BRIESCIE
,
Brescium
aut
Brescia
,
a
small
Town
,
nevertheless
the
Capital
of
Polesia
,
stands
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Bug
,
and
is
guarded
with
a
Castle
built
on
the
Top
of
a
steep
Rock
,
being
distant
25
Miles
from
Lublin
,
and
30
from
Warsaw
to
the
East
.
SECT
.
VI
.
SAMOGITIA
,
Samogitia
,
and
CURLAND
,
Curlandia
.
SAMOGITIA
takes
its
name
from
its
Situation
,
which
is
low
and
wet
,
Samogitz
in
the
Language
of
the
Inhabitants
denoting
a
marshy
Ground
,
whence
it
is
call'd
Samo●zkasemla
by
the
Moscovites
.
It
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Curland
,
on
the
South
by
Ducal
Prussia
on
the
East
by
Lithuania
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Baltick
Sea
.
This
Province
is
beset
with
Woods
,
Lakes
,
and
inaccessible
Mountains
,
yet
affords
great
quantities
of
Honey
,
purer
than
any
either
in
Lithuania
or
Liefland
,
and
breeds
Horses
that
are
much
admir'd
for
their
Swiftness
.
It
is
divided
into
three
Governments
,
which
take
their
names
from
the
like
number
of
principal
Towns
,
viz
:
1.
Rosienia
on
the
River
Dubiss
,
2.
Mednick
,
on
the
Wirwitz
.
3.
Ponieviess
.
Here
is
also
establish'd
the
See
of
a
Prelate
,
who
is
Suffragan
to
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Gnesna
,
and
resides
for
the
most
part
at
Mednick
,
or
Womiz
;
nevertheless
many
of
the
Inhabitants
,
who
differ
little
in
Manners
,
Habit
or
Language
from
the
Lithuanians
,
are
much
addicted
to
Idolatrous
Superstitions
,
especially
in
the
desert
parts
of
this
Country
,
where
they
worship
a
four-footed
Serpent
,
about
three
Hands
long
,
under
the
name
of
Givosit
;
and
you
'll
scarce
find
a
Family
without
one
of
these
Lares
or
Houshold
Gods
;
nay
even
at
this
day
in
many
Villages
,
both
of
Lithuania
and
Prussia
,
the
poor
Peasants
,
altho'
profest
Christians
,
keep
Adders
in
their
Houses
,
whereto
they
pay
a
more
than
Ordinary
Veneration
,
imagining
that
some
great
Mis●hief
will
befal
them
if
these
domestick
Idols
should
take
any
harm
.
The
Dutchy
of
CURLAND
has
the
Gulph
of
Riga
for
its
Northen
Bounds
,
Samogitia
on
the
South
,
Semigallia
on
the
East
,
and
the
Baltick
Sea
on
the
West
.
SEMIGALLIA
is
a
Territory
depending
on
the
Dutchy
of
Curland
,
from
whence
it
is
separated
to
the
East
by
the
River
Musza
.
The
Duke
of
Curland
is
not
so
absolute
a
Sovereign
in
his
Dominions
,
as
the
Princes
of
the
Empire
;
for
the
Noble-men
in
like
manner
enjoy
many
Privileges
that
render
them
very
potent
.
The
Provinces
of
Curland
and
Semigallia
,
are
under
the
Direction
of
the
Council
of
State
,
consisting
of
a
Governor
,
a
Burgrave
,
a
Chancellor
and
a
Marshal
,
who
are
the
Prince's
chief
Officers
.
The
Administration
of
Justice
is
perform'd
in
divers
Courts
,
from
which
an
Appeal
lies
to
the
Duke's
Council
,
as
also
from
thence
to
that
of
the
King
of
Poland
,
as
supreme
Lord
of
the
Fee
.
Samogitia
divided
into
Three
Parts
,
viz.
-
1.
Samogitia
,
in
which
are
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
Rosienia
,
Cap.
-
Mednick
,
Bish
.
-
Vielona
,
-
Villeja
,
-
Fragola
,
-
Patagen
,
-
Kroze
,
-
Brisa
,
Dutchy
.
-
Sarlat
,
-
Swieta
,
-
Schwndon
,
-
Kieydani
,
-
Ponieviess
.
-
2.
Curland
,
in
which
are
,
-
Goldingen
,
Cap.
-
Liba
,
-
Erwalen
,
-
Window
,
Bish
.
-
Piltin
,
-
Angermund
.
-
3.
Semigallia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Mitaw
,
Cap.
-
Doblin
,
-
Ratziwiliski
,
-
Selburg
,
-
Bauske
.
ROSIENIA
,
Rosienia
is
a
small
and
ill
built
Town
,
altho'
the
chief
of
the
Province
of
Samogitia
,
being
seated
on
the
Dubiss
,
at
the
distance
of
12
Polish
Miles
from
Cowno
to
the
North
,
30
from
Riga
,
and
27
from
Vilna
to
the
West
.
GOLDINGEN
,
Goldinga
stands
on
the
banks
of
the
River
Wete
,
about
7
German
Miles
from
Windaw
to
the
West
,
and
15
from
Mittaw
.
MITTAW
,
Mittavia
aut
Muttovia
,
the
principal
Town
of
Semigallia
,
and
the
usual
place
of
residence
of
the
Dukes
of
Curland
,
is
water'd
by
the
River
Musza
,
and
adorn'd
with
a
stately
well
fortified
Castle
,
being
distant
6
Polish
Miles
from
Riga
to
the
South
,
and
only
4
from
the
Frontiers
of
Samogitia
.
It
hath
been
twice
taken
of
late
by
the
Swedes
,
but
was
afterward
re-gain'd
,
and
is
as
yet
subject
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Duke
of
the
Family
of
Ketler
A
TABLE
,
shewing
the
Chronological
Succession
of
the
Dukes
,
Princes
and
Kings
of
Poland
.
XV
.
Dukes
or
Princes
of
Poland
.
|
A.
C.
|
|
1.
Leschus
I.
|
550
|
died
without
issue
.
|
2.
Cracus
|
700
|
|
3.
Lechus
slain
by
his
Brother
.
|
|
|
4.
Cracus
II
.
|
|
Years
.
|
5.
Venda
daughter
of
Cracus
.
|
750
|
Reigned
10
|
6.
Lechus
II
.
|
760
|
44
|
7.
Lechus
III
.
|
804
|
6
|
8.
Lechus
or
Leschus
IV
.
|
810
|
5
|
9.
Popiel
I.
|
815
|
8
|
10.
Popiel
I.
sir-nam'd
Bald-head
.
|
823
|
Reigned
1
|
11.
Piastus
.
|
842
|
19
|
12.
Zremovitus
.
|
861
|
32
|
13.
Leschus
.
V.
|
892
|
21
|
14.
Zremonislus
,
or
Ziemovislaus
.
|
913
|
51
|
13.
Micislaus
,
or
Miesko
,
first
Christian
Prince
of
Poland
.
|
994
|
35
|
Kings
of
Poland
.
|
A.
C.
|
|
Years
.
|
16.
Bolislaus
,
sir-nam'd
Choribius
|
999
|
Reign'd
|
25
|
17.
Micislaus
II
.
|
1025
|
|
9
|
18.
Casimir
I.
|
1034
|
|
25
|
19.
Boleslaus
II
.
the
Hardy
and
the
Cruel
.
|
1059
|
|
22
|
20.
Ladislaus
,
or
Vladislaus
I.
|
1082
|
|
20
|
21.
Bolislaus
III
,
the
Wry-lipt
.
|
1102
|
|
57
|
22.
Vladislaus
II
.
|
1139
|
|
7
|
23.
Boleslaus
IV
,
the
Frisled
.
|
1146
|
|
27
|
24.
Micislaus
III
,
the
Old.
|
1173
|
|
4
|
25.
Casimir
II
,
the
Just
.
|
1177
|
|
17
|
26.
Leschus
V
,
White
.
|
1149
|
|
8
|
27.
Ladislaus
III
,
Gross-legs
.
|
1202
|
|
4
|
28.
Leschus
VI
,
re-establish'd
.
|
1206
|
|
20
|
29.
Boleslaus
V
,
the
Chaste
.
|
1226
|
|
53
|
30.
Leschus
VI
,
the
Black
.
|
1279
|
|
10
|
31.
Boleslaus
Duke
of
Massovia
.
|
|
2
Regents
.
|
48
|
32.
Henry
Duke
of
Uratislavia
.
|
|
33.
Primislaus
King
.
|
1295
|
8
Months
.
|
|
34.
Ladislaus
III
.
|
1296
|
|
4
|
35.
Wenceslaus
King
of
Bohemia
.
|
1300
|
|
5
|
36.
Ladislaus
III
,
re-establish'd
|
1305
|
Reign'd
|
28
|
37.
Casimir
III
,
the
Great
.
|
1333
|
|
37
|
38.
Lewes
King
of
Hungary
.
|
1370
|
|
12
|
39.
Hedwigia
married
to
Jagelon
Duke
of
Lithuania
,
or
Ladislaus
IV
.
|
1382
|
|
4
|
40.
Ladislaus
IV
.
|
1386
|
|
48
|
41.
Ladislaus
V.
K.
of
Hungary
|
1434
|
|
10
|
42.
Casimir
IV
.
|
1444
|
|
48
|
43.
John
Albert
.
|
1492
|
|
9
|
44.
Alexander
.
|
1501
|
|
5
|
45.
Sigismund
I.
|
1506
|
|
42
|
46.
Sigismund
II
,
Augustus
.
|
1548
|
|
24
|
47.
Henry
of
France
Duke
of
Anjou
.
|
1573
|
5
Months
.
|
|
48.
Stephen
Bathori
,
Prince
of
Transylvania
.
|
1575
|
|
11
|
49.
Maximilian
of
Austria
,
elected
by
some
Polanders
,
and
afterward
defeated
.
|
1587
|
|
|
50.
Sigismund
III
.
K.
of
Sweden
.
|
1587
|
|
45
|
51.
Ladislaus
Sigismund
.
|
1632
|
|
15
|
52.
John
Casimir
.
|
1648
|
|
20
|
53.
Michael
Koribut
Wiesnowiski
|
1669
|
|
4
|
54.
John
Sobieski
.
|
1674
|
Reigning
.
|
|
CHAP.
XII
.
MOSCOVY
or
White
RUSSIA
,
Moscovia
aut
Alba
Russia
.
MOSCOVY
,
otherwise
call'd
White
RUSSIA
,
or
Great
RUSSIA
,
is
a
part
of
ancient
European
Sarmatia
,
and
takes
its
name
from
the
River
Moska
,
or
the
principal
City
of
Moscow
,
altho'
some
make
no
difficulty
to
deduce
its
original
from
Mesech
or
Mosoc
the
Son
of
Japhet
,
suppos'd
to
have
first
peopled
this
large
Country
,
which
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
frozen
Sea
or
Northern
Ocean
,
on
the
South
by
the
Lesser
Tartary
,
and
the
River
Tanais
or
Don
,
on
the
East
by
Great
Tartary
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Dominions
of
the
Kings
of
Poland
and
Sweden
.
It
is
extended
from
the
46th
to
the
66
deg
.
of
Lat
.
about
1260
English
Miles
,
that
is
say
,
from
Astracan
to
the
Streight
of
Waygatz
,
and
from
the
55
to
the
80
deg
.
of
Long
.
near
1500
of
the
same
Miles
,
from
the
River
Boristhenes
or
Nieper
to
the
Volga
,
altho'
some
other
parts
of
the
Grand
Czar's
Empire
lie
more
South
,
and
others
more
North
,
so
that
of
necessity
there
must
be
a
very
great
difference
as
to
the
length
of
days
,
heat
and
cold
,
and
consequently
no
less
variety
of
Seasons
,
Soil
,
Fruits
,
&c.
according
to
the
several
Climates
under
which
the
particular
quarters
of
this
vast
Continent
are
situated
.
But
the
Air
is
generally
excessive
Cold
,
more
especially
toward
the
North
,
insomuch
that
Snow
and
Ice
are
seen
in
many
places
during
9
or
10
Months
of
the
year
,
where
the
Water
freezes
in
falling
,
and
the
Earth
often
chops
,
(
as
sometime
with
us
in
the
most
vehement
drought
of
Summer
)
even
into
clefts
above
20
Fathoms
long
,
&
a
Foot
broad
,
the
Frosts
commonly
beginning
in
November
,
and
not
breaking
up
till
April
.
But
it
has
been
often
observ'd
by
Strangers
,
that
almost
as
soon
as
the
Snow
is
gone
the
Fields
become
green
,
and
Plants
spring
much
faster
than
in
other
places
,
where
their
natural
force
and
vigour
has
not
been
so
long
restrain'd
by
the
coldness
of
the
Season
.
The
small
quantity
of
Seed
sown
in
this
Country
seldom
or
never
comes
to
perfect
Maturity
,
neither
do
any
Vines
grow
therein
;
yet
toward
Poland
the
Soil
is
less
unfruitful
,
and
brings
forth
good
store
of
Corn
,
which
is
sown
in
May
and
June
,
and
reap'd
in
July
and
August
.
And
indeed
,
little
time
can
be
allow'd
for
Tillage
by
reason
of
the
shortness
of
the
Summer
,
the
Heats
whereof
are
here
as
intense
and
violent
,
for
about
a
Month
and
half
,
as
the
Colds
of
the
Winter
,
in
regard
that
the
Soil
being
for
the
most
part
Sandy
,
easily
receives
and
strongly
retains
the
Influence
of
the
Sun-beams
,
that
remain
a
long
while
above
the
Horizon
,
and
are
reflected
by
the
whiteness
of
the
Mountains
.
As
for
their
Fruits
,
●hey
have
of
most
sorts
,
as
Apples
,
Pears
,
Plums
,
Ch●rries
,
&c.
but
these
are
not
so
kindly
,
nor
can
be
so
long
preserv'd
as
in
other
Countries
where
they
grow
and
ripen
slower
;
nevertheless
all
sorts
of
Berries
,
Herbs
,
Gourds
,
and
other
things
of
speedy
growth
,
are
very
good
and
exceeding
large
,
some
Melons
weighing
near
40
pounds
,
among
these
most
Authors
make
mention
of
a
species
call'd
Boranetz
,
i
.
e
.
the
little
Lamb
,
by
the
Natives
,
and
by
others
Zoophyton
,
or
the
Animal
Plant
,
which
in
shape
resembles
a
Lamb
,
and
with
its
extraordinary
heat
consumes
,
and
as
it
were
eats
up
all
the
Grass
round
about
within
its
reach
;
as
the
Fruit
grows
ripe
its
stalk
or
stump
withers
,
and
is
cover'd
with
a
downy
or
woolly
skin
,
which
being
dress'd
makes
a
good
Fur-lining
.
These
rare
Plants
are
found
near
Samara
,
Astracan
and
Casan
,
and
(
as
they
say
)
are
often
devour'd
by
Wolves
.
The
Plains
are
full
of
Mountains
,
and
beset
with
Lakes
,
spacious
Forests
and
Woods
,
which
consist
most
of
Firs
and
Birch-trees
,
that
delight
in
sandy
Ground
;
vast
quantities
of
Honey
are
found
in
these
Forests
as
well
as
variety
of
Game
,
as
being
well
stockt
with
divers
sorts
of
Beasts
,
viz.
Elks
,
wild
Bulls
,
Boars
,
Bears
of
a
prodigious
size
,
both
white
and
black
,
Wolves
,
Horses
,
which
tho'
small
,
are
strong
,
couragious
,
and
very
serviceable
,
Cows
,
Goats
,
Sheep
,
Fallow-Deer
,
and
Robucks
;
besides
these
many
others
are
hunted
only
for
their
Skins
,
as
Wolverines
or
Wood-dogs
,
Beavers
,
Ounces
,
Lyserns
,
map of Muscovy
THE
EMPIRE
OF
MOSCOVY
Sables
,
Martrons
,
black
,
dun
,
red
and
white
Foxes
,
Gurnstals
,
Lasets
or
Minevers
,
Water-rats
,
which
smell
like
Musk
,
that
in
Winter
change
their
colour
into
white
as
the
Squirrils
do
into
gray
;
insomuch
that
the
Wealth
of
the
Russians
seems
to
consist
chiefly
in
Furs
,
which
are
indeed
the
richest
of
any
throughout
the
whole
Continent
of
Europe
,
and
make
the
greatest
Traffick
,
since
the
yearly
income
arising
from
the
Sale
of
them
to
Strangers
amounts
to
a
Million
of
Rubbles
,
besides
what
is
given
to
the
Grand
Czar
by
way
of
Tribute
.
There
is
also
so
great
abundance
of
Fowl
,
that
the
People
scarce
think
it
worth
their
pains
to
catch
the
smaller
sorts
,
as
Thrushes
,
Starlings
,
Fieldfares
,
&c.
The
Birds
of
prey
are
excellent
of
divers
kinds
,
among
which
Gerfalcons
are
esteem'd
the
best
;
some
of
these
are
white
,
being
much
valu'd
for
their
rarity
,
&
reputed
fit
Presents
for
Princes
.
The
most
remarkable
LAKES
of
this
Country
are
1.
Ivanosera
,
i
.
e
.
John's
Lake
,
which
is
situated
in
the
great
Forest
of
Epiphanow
,
in
the
Province
of
Resan
,
8
Leagues
from
Tula
,
and
extends
it self
near
500
Versts
or
Italian
Miles
in
length
.
2.
Bieleiosera
,
16
Leagues
long
,
12
broad
,
and
44
in
compass
.
3.
Ilmin
or
Ilmen
,
which
is
12
Leagues
long
,
as
many
broad
,
and
ends
about
two
Miles
above
Novogrod
Veliki
.
4.
Ladoga
,
or
Laduga
,
about
100
Leagues
long
and
60
broad
,
being
full
of
Islands
and
well
stor'd
with
Fish
.
5.
Onega
,
which
takes
up
48
Leagues
in
length
,
16
in
breadth
,
&
100
in
circuit
.
These
2
last
Lakes
lie
toward
the
West
on
the
confines
of
Finland
.
The
principal
Rivers
,
which
for
the
most
part
take
their
original
from
Lakes
,
are
these
,
&c.
1.
The
Volga
or
Wolga
,
one
of
the
largest
Rivers
in
Europe
springs
out
of
the
Lake
of
Fornow
in
the
Forest
of
Volkowski
,
and
about
2
Miles
farther
runs
into
that
of
Volga
,
from
whence
its
name
its
name
is
deriv'd
,
having
been
anciently
call'd
Rha
,
and
at
present
Edel
by
the
Tartars
;
then
flowing
from
West
to
East
,
as
far
as
the
Kingdom
of
Cazan
,
and
traversing
those
of
Bulgar
and
Astracan
it
divides
it self
into
many
Arms
,
and
forms
divers
Islands
before
its
fall
into
the
Caspian
Sea
.
2.
The
Don
heretofore
well
known
by
the
name
of
Tandis
,
3.
The
Dwina
,
i
.
e
.
Twain
or
Two
,
according
to
the
Signification
of
its
name
,
is
so
call'd
as
being
the
Confluence
of
2
Rivers
,
viz.
Jug
and
Sachona
,
or
Suchona
,
4.
The
Oby
,
which
crosseth
the
Deserts
of
Tartary
from
South
to
North-west
,
having
serv'd
as
a
boundary
between
that
Country
and
Moscovy
,
at
last
empties
it self
into
the
Tartarian
or
frozen
Sea
.
The
Moscovites
are
generally
of
a
strong
vigorous
and
healthful
Constitution
,
content
with
little
Food
,
and
all
,
except
Persons
of
great
quality
,
have
no
other
Beds
than
Benches
rais'd
a
little
above
the
ground
.
But
their
Manners
(
if
we
may
give
credit
to
the
relations
of
most
Writers
)
are
very
immoral
and
irregular
;
for
they
are
censur'd
as
ignorant
,
mistrustful
,
treacherous
,
cruel
,
much
addicted
to
excess
in
Drinking
,
and
often
transported
with
brutish
Passion
.
Fraud
and
Deceit
in
the
way
of
dealing
is
among
them
esteem'd
a
mark
of
Ingenuity
;
yet
Robbery
is
most
severely
punisht
as
an
enormous
Crime
.
They
are
educated
only
to
write
,
read
,
and
cast
account
,
and
those
that
are
ordain'd
for
the
Clergy
to
Sing
.
But
they
do
not
apply
themselves
to
the
study
of
other
useful
Arts
and
Sciences
,
neither
do
they
by
Books
learn
the
Histories
of
other
Nations
,
or
former
Times
.
However
,
no
doubt
,
among
the
Gentry
are
very
many
Persons
endu'd
with
Courage
,
Generosity
,
Prudence
,
and
other
good
Qualifications
;
but
it
is
difficult
to
come
to
the
knowledge
of
their
disposition
,
since
they
are
not
permitted
to
converse
or
keep
company
with
Foreigners
,
no
not
so
much
as
with
the
Ambassadors
of
other
States
.
Among
other
Customs
peculiar
to
this
Nation
,
it
has
been
observ'd
,
that
the
Boiars
or
Noble-men
affect
to
appear
with
gross
Bellies
,
and
such
an
habit
of
body
seems
to
be
esteem'd
by
them
as
it
were
an
essential
Character
of
Nobility
.
Their
LANGUAGE
is
deriv'd
from
the
Sclavonian
,
and
comes
so
near
the
Polish
,
Lithuanian
,
Cassubian
,
Vandalian
,
as
also
those
of
Bohemia
,
Dalmatia
,
Bulgaria
and
Croatia
,
that
the
People
of
all
these
Nations
can
find
means
to
und●rstand
and
converse
one
with
another
.
The
Christian
Religion
was
planted
early
among
the
Russians
or
Moscovites
,
and
(
as
they
say
)
by
St.
Andrew
,
but
afterward
entirely
abolisht
,
or
at
least
much
supprest
by
the
Invasion
of
the
Tartars
,
until
it
was
restor'd
as
some
say
A.C.
960
,
others
in
987
,
or
989.
However
it
is
generally
believ'd
they
were
Christians
in
the
time
of
Volodomir
;
their
first
grand
Duke
;
&
that
they
follow'd
the
Greek
Church
,
as
they
still
do
,
in
most
of
their
opinions
and
Exclesiastical
Rites
,
without
acknowledging
any
dependence
on
the
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
since
they
have
establisht
one
of
their
own
Sect
at
Moscow
,
to
whose
Jurisdiction
4
Arch-bishops
are
subject
;
the
first
usually
resides
at
Novgrad-Veliki
,
the
2
at
Rostow
,
the
3
at
Cazan
,
and
the
4th
in
the
Castle
of
Moscow
.
This
last
is
the
Patriarch's
Deputy
or
Coadjutor
,
when
he
is
hindred
from
officiating
by
Sickness
,
infirmity
of
old
Age
,
or
some
other
good
cause
.
Besides
these
Metropolitans
there
are
7
other
Archbishops
whose
Sees
are
Wologda
,
Rezan
,
Susdal
,
Trúere
,
Tobolsk
,
Astraean
and
Pleskow
,
together
with
one
single
Bishop
of
Comenskoy
and
Cassieskoy
,
residing
at
Columna
.
St.
Nicholas
is
the
chief
Patron
of
the
Country
,
but
of
all
the
Festivals
,
that
of
the
Annunciation
of
the
Virgin
Mary
is
here
celebrated
with
greatest
solemnity
.
The
Russians
are
zealous
maintainers
of
their
Doctrins
and
Ceremonies
,
accounting
many
things
and
persons
unclean
,
even
Christians
of
another
Persuasion
;
bear
a
great
aversion
to
Roman
Catholicks
,
yet
tolerate
Lutherans
and
Calvinists
;
but
toward
the
Frontiers
of
Tartary
the
Inhabitants
are
Idolaters
or
Mahometans
.
There
is
a
great
number
of
Monasteries
in
these
Territories
,
and
some
very
rich
,
but
all
of
one
Order
,
that
is
,
of
St.
Basil
;
some
of
their
Governors
have
the
Title
of
Archi-Mandritae
,
or
Abbots
,
but
most
that
of
Igumeni
,
or
Priors
.
The
State
of
Moscovy
is
entirely
Monarchical
,
govern'd
by
a
Prince
who
is
usually
styl'd
Czar
,
that
is
to
say
,
Emperor
and
Grand
Duke
or
King
,
as
is
exprest
in
the
Russ
Language
.
The
Monarchy
is
absolute
and
Hereditary
,
so
that
whensoever
the
Gr.
Duke
dies
without
issue
,
his
nearest
Kinsman
is
plac'd
on
the
Throne
.
His
Coat
of
Arms
is
an
Eagle
with
two
Heads
,
bearing
3
Crowns
.
This
Monarch
has
an
uncontrollable
power
of
life
and
death
over
his
Subjects
,
and
to
him
alone
seems
to
appertain
a
right
of
knowing
every
thing
;
on
which
account
to
hinder
all
Persons
from
penetrating
into
his
secret
Councils
,
he
has
banisht
the
liberal
Sciences
out
of
his
dominions
,
&
prohibits
the
study
of
them
under
severe
penalties
.
The
Noble-men
are
not
permitted
to
retire
from
Court
without
his
leave
,
nor
at
any
time
to
depart
out
of
the
limits
of
the
Empire
,
lest
they
should
become
too
polite
by
their
Conversation
with
foreign
Gentry
.
However
the
Czar
does
not
transact
any
important
Affairs
without
assistance
of
his
great
Council
,
which
is
compos'd
of
the
principal
Lords
of
the
Court
,
call'd
Dumnoy
Boyaren
(
altho'
indeed
he
gives
the
honorary
Title
of
Councellors
to
many
who
never
come
to
consult
)
some
Gentlemen
of
his
Bed-chamber
,
other
Officers
of
State
▪
&
3
Grand
Chancellors
chosen
from
among
the
Burghers
.
In
this
Council
are
dispatch'd
all
Negociations
both
Domestick
and
Foreign
.
The
Czar
has
likewise
(
as
most
other
Princes
)
a
Cabinet
Council
,
with
whom
he
first
adviseth
,
and
prepares
business
for
the
great
Council
,
who
for
the
most
part
assemble
rather
to
consent
and
ratify
the
Resolves
,
than
to
debate
,
give
their
opinion
or
positively
determine
any
Affairs
.
Besides
these
there
are
many
other
Chambers
,
Courts
of
Judicature
or
Councils
(
as
they
are
call'd
in
some
Kingdoms
)
but
the
chief
are
6
,
to
every
one
whereof
their
several
businesses
are
appropriated
.
The
first
is
for
Ambassadors
and
foreign
Negociations
.
The
2
for
Military
Affa●●s
▪
The
3
for
the
Demeans
and
Revenues
of
the
Crown
.
The
4th
for
Trade
and
Merchandise
.
The
5th
for
determination
of
Civil
Causes
.
The
6th
for
criminal
matters
.
Every
Court
has
its
President
,
Councellors
,
Secretaries
,
&c.
as
it
is
in
usual
other
Countries
,
but
all
the
Records
are
written
on
large
Rolls
,
after
the
ancient
manner
,
sometimes
30
or
40
Ells
long
,
whereof
vast
heaps
are
orderly
laid
up
in
the
respective
Offices
.
The
Emperor's
Revenues
are
doubtless
very
great
,
tho'
no
Nation
in
the
World
is
so
averse
from
discovering
their
publick
Treasure
.
The
Crown-lands
which
contain
36
Towns
with
their
Territories
bring
in
a
considerable
yearly
Income
.
The
Customs
upon
Commodities
in
all
principal
Towns
are
farm'd
out
,
&
those
of
Archangel
(
as
some
say
)
have
amounted
to
600000
Rubbles
per
Annum
,
besides
the
Tagla
or
Imposition
on
every
measure
of
Grain
that
grows
within
the
Empire
,
and
the
Podat
or
Tax
of
Money
on
every
Town
and
Precinct
that
yields
one
year
with
another
400000
Rubbles
.
There
are
other
great
Revenues
which
arise
from
Merchandises
.
For
the
profits
arising
from
the
Sale
of
Caviare
and
Isinglass
,
wholly
belongs
to
the
Czar
,
as
also
all
Sables
,
the
best
Trade
of
the
Nation
,
appertain
to
him
,
either
as
Tribute
,
or
at
a
low
set
rate
.
But
as
the
Revenues
of
this
Monarch
amount
to
a
vast
Sum
,
so
his
Expences
are
in
like
manner
very
considerable
;
his
Houshold
consisting
at
least
of
1000
Persons
maintain'd
by
him
,
besides
his
Guards
at
Moscow
,
16000
Musqueteers
,
and
about
3000
Horse
,
his
Garisons
on
the
Frontiers
,
charges
defray'd
in
making
Peace
with
the
Tartars
,
paying
the
Salleries
of
Magistrates
and
Officers
,
entertaining
Ambassadors
,
dispatching
Posts
,
Messeng●rs
,
Carriages
,
&c.
As
for
the
Strength
of
this
Nation
,
an
Army
of
300000
Men
may
be
levy'd
within
a
little
space
of
time
,
but
they
are
for
the
most
part
only
a
raw
kind
of
Militia
,
without
Discipline
or
Order
;
the
Grand
Duke
always
maintains
one
of
40000
for
his
Guard
,
call'd
Strelitz
,
whereof
near
half
attend
on
his
Person
,
and
the
rest
are
sent
to
the
Frontiers
.
The
command
of
these
Forces
is
given
to
Persons
of
quality
,
without
any
respect
to
merit
,
insomuch
that
the
Generals
are
often
unexperienc'd
in
Military
Affairs
,
and
act
with
ill
success
;
all
the
subalternate
Officers
are
Foreigners
,
but
these
are
often
remov'd
to
different
stations
.
The
Moscovites
are
acknowledg'd
to
be
much
better
at
maintaining
their
Post
,
either
in
Towns
or
Forts
,
that
at
fighting
a
pitch'd
Battel
in
open
field
,
to
the
enduring
of
which
Fatigues
they
are
dispos'd
by
their
frequent
fasting
,
slender
diet
,
and
being
inur'd
to
hardship
from
their
very
youth
.
The
Czar
takes
care
to
establish
an
Alliance
with
the
neighboring
Princes
,
as
it
seems
,
to
be
most
for
his
advantage
;
For
he
adheres
to
the
King
of
Persia
against
the
Turks
their
commmon
Enemy
,
preserves
an
amicable
Correspondence
with
the
Swedes
,
and
enters
into
new
Leagues
with
the
Polanders
,
when
it
is
requisite
to
denounce
War
against
the
Tartars
.
Moscovy
is
divided
into
3
Regions
or
large
Provinces
,
viz.
the
Nrothern
toward
the
River
Dwina
,
the
Southern
toward
the
Wolga
,
and
the
Eastern
in
Asiatick
Tartary
.
The
first
of
these
is
likewise
subdivided
into
two
parts
,
one
of
which
borders
on
Sweden
,
and
the
other
on
Tartary
;
the
second
includes
many
Provinces
,
and
in
the
third
are
compris'd
3
Kingdoms
,
some
Provinces
,
and
divers
sorts
of
People
,
as
it
may
be
more
distinctly
observ'd
in
the
ensuing
Table
.
-
1.
Northern
Moscovy
bordering
on
Sweden
,
divided
into
7
parts
,
viz.
-
1.
Moscovitish
Lapland
into
-
Pr.
Mouremankois
,
-
Kola
,
Cap.
-
Swanehel
,
-
Pr.
Terskoi
,
-
Jokena
,
Cap.
-
Polin-osero
,
-
Pr.
Bellamoresko
.
-
Kandulaz
,
Cap.
-
Ombay
,
-
Kemi
.
-
2.
Dwina
,
in
wch
.
are
these
Towns
,
viz.
-
S.
Mich
.
Archangel
,
Arch-b
.
C.
-
S.
Nicolas
.
-
Dwina
,
-
Korela
,
-
Candenos
Isle
.
-
Lapas
,
-
3.
Pleskow
.
-
Pleskow
,
Cap.
-
Opolsko
.
-
Ostrow
,
-
4.
Kargapol
.
-
Kargapol
.
-
5.
Wologda
.
-
Wologda
,
Cap.
-
Strelitz
.
-
Socsoa
,
-
6.
Novogorod
Veliki
.
-
Novogorod
Veliki
,
Cap.
-
Ladoga
.
-
St.
Nicholas
,
-
7.
Bieleia-osera
-
Stara
Russo
,
-
Bieleia-osera
,
C.
-
Glebowa
,
-
Grodsesko
.
-
2.
Northern
Moscovy
bordering
on
Tartary
,
divided
into
19
parts
,
viz.
-
1.
Candora
.
-
Wergaturia
,
C.
-
Recounitza
,
-
Ouswina
,
-
Seregovia
.
-
2.
Juhora
,
or
Juhorski
.
-
Juhora
,
Cap.
-
Kolgoy
,
Island
.
-
3.
New
—
Holland
over
against
the
Streight
of
Nassaw
,
or
Weiguten
.
-
4.
Petzora
.
-
Petzora
,
Cap.
-
Papinowgorod
.
-
5.
Obdora
.
-
Pohem
,
Cap.
-
Olscoigorod
.
-
Padaritza
,
-
6.
Ustioug
.
-
Ustioug
,
Cap.
-
Dobrina
.
-
Kollas
,
-
7.
Perniski
.
-
Pernieveliki
,
-
Soilcomza
.
-
Ousgi
,
-
8.
Wialka
.
-
Wialka
,
Cap.
-
Slawoda
.
-
Orlof-Chlinef
,
-
9.
Wachines
.
-
Cameni
,
Fort
,
Cap.
-
Perwolog
,
Fort
.
-
11.
Bielski
D.
-
Bielka
,
or
Bielski
.
-
12.
Smolensko
D
-
Smolensko
,
Cap.
-
Niewielz
.
-
Drogobusc
,
-
13.
Severia
,
D.
or
Novogorod
,
Sewierski
.
-
Novogorod-Sew
,
Cap.
-
Bransko
,
-
Czerentshaw
.
-
14.
Part
of
the
Palatinate
of
Kiow
.
-
Kiow
,
Bish
.
-
Kaniow
.
-
15.
Kraina
,
D.
-
Jalatz
,
Cap.
-
Brasowa
.
-
16.
Pole
.
-
Bretoek
.
-
Boegoenar
.
-
17.
Czeremissi
,
Logowai
.
-
Zochloma
.
Three
different
sorts
of
People
.
-
18.
Czeremissi
,
Nagornow
.
-
Arbachim
.
Three
different
sorts
of
People
.
-
19.
Morduates
.
-
Adima
.
Three
different
sorts
of
People
.
-
Southern
Moscovy
in
10
Provinces
,
-
1.
Moscovy
proper
.
-
Moskow
,
Patr
.
Cap.
-
Mosaiski
,
-
Preski
.
-
Columna
,
Bish
.
-
2.
Werotin
D.
-
Werotin
,
Cap.
-
Aroel
.
-
Croom
,
-
3.
Rezan
D.
-
Rezan
,
Arch-b
.
Cap.
-
Domkagorod
,
-
Kereslaw
.
-
4.
Wolodi
.
D.
-
Wolodimer
,
Cap
-
Cassimogorod
.
-
Murom
,
-
5.
Nisi-Novogorod
.
-
Nisi-Novogorod
,
Cap.
-
Wesiligorod
,
-
Balagna
.
-
6.
Jaroslaw
D.
-
Jaroslaw
,
Cap.
-
Nova-Roma
.
-
Ribiena
,
-
7.
Sasdel
D.
-
Sasdel
,
Arch-b
.
Cap.
-
Jorgowitz
,
-
Castromow
.
-
8.
Rostow
D.
-
Rostow
,
Metrop
.
Cap.
-
Uglitz
,
-
Pereslaw
.
-
9.
T
were
D.
-
Twere
,
Arch-b
.
Cap.
-
Mitrow
,
-
Tersach
.
-
10.
Reskow
D.
-
Reskow
,
-
Woloczk
.
-
Moscovitish
Tartary
,
in
9
parts
.
-
1.
Astracan
Kingdom
.
-
Astracan
,
Arch-b
.
Cap.
-
Ichkebre
,
-
Sarasof
,
-
Poloy
,
Fort
.
-
Zaniza
,
-
2.
Bulgar
Kingdom
.
-
Bulgar
,
Cap.
-
Samara
,
-
Simber
Kogora
.
-
3.
Cazan
Kingdom
.
-
Cazan
,
Metr
.
C.
-
Sara
,
-
Belater
,
-
Malmisch
,
-
Keschkaga
.
-
Allatur
.
-
4.
Siberia
.
-
Tobolsk
,
Arch-b
.
Cap.
-
Japharin
,
-
Peyassa
,
-
Narinskoya
,
-
Bereswa
.
-
Tume
,
-
Pollin
,
-
5.
Lucomoria
.
-
Comgoscoia
,
Cap.
-
Solscoigorod
.
-
6.
Loppia
.
-
Bosovia
,
Cap.
-
Zergolta
,
-
Tasofcoigorod
.
-
Tooma
,
-
7.
Pegahorda
.
-
Pascarti
,
Cap.
-
8.
Zavalhahordo
.
-
Veliki-Permia
,
Cap.
-
9.
Eight
several
sorts
of
People
.
-
Samoyades
-
Tingoeses
,
-
Justiouski
,
-
Calami
,
-
Hugrurski
,
-
Tartares-Cornuti
.
-
Vogulici
,
-
Scibanski
,
ARCHANGEL
,
or
S.
MICHAEL
ARCHANGEL
,
Archangelopolis
,
aut
Fanum
S.
Archangeli
,
stands
on
the
East
side
of
the
bank
of
the
River
Dwina
,
which
divided
into
branches
,
forms
the
Island
of
Podesemskie
,
and
afterward
dischargeth
its
Waters
into
the
Northern
Ocean
,
or
White
Sea
,
at
the
distance
of
6
German
Miles
from
thence
.
This
City
is
the
See
of
an
Arch-Bishop
,
and
very
famous
for
its
Traffick
,
as
being
the
Staple
of
the
whole
Continent
of
Moscovy
,
by
reason
of
its
capacious
and
safe
Harbor
.
The
English
first
began
to
establish
a
Commerce
in
these
parts
,
in
1553.
For
Sir
Hugh
Willoughby
,
having
receiv'd
a
Commission
about
that
time
to
discover
the
North-East
Passage
to
China
,
Richard
Chancellor
,
Master
of
one
of
the
Ships
,
was
separated
from
the
Fleet
,
and
accidentally
fell
into
the
Bay
of
St.
Nicolas
,
where
he
was
very
well
receiv'd
,
and
sent
for
thence
to
the
Court
of
the
Emperor
,
Jvan
Vasilowich
,
or
John
Basilides
,
who
entertain'd
him
with
all
imaginable
kindness
,
and
gave
the
English
free
liberty
to
Trade
in
his
Dominions
,
insomuch
that
in
1555
,
a
Company
of
Merchants
was
settled
there
,
under
Mr.
George
Killingworth
,
and
divers
Privileges
were
granted
to
them
,
in
1655
,
which
were
from
time
to
time
renew'd
and
augmented
,
or
sometimes
ebb'd
and
flow'd
according
to
the
Interest
or
Capricio
of
the
Grand
Czar
.
The
Moscovian
Trade
was
heretofore
maintain'd
,
by
passing
thro'
the
Sound
to
Narva
,
but
this
Road
is
now
altogether
abandon'd
,
as
inconvenient
on
the
account
of
the
great
number
of
Impositions
there
exacted
.
In
the
Port
of
Archangel
sometimes
are
to
be
seen
300
or
400
Vessels
of
a
large
size
,
laden
with
all
sorts
of
Merchandises
,
that
arrive
from
Sweden
,
Denmark
,
Holland
&
England
.
It
is
also
reported
that
the
Custom
arising
from
the
Importation
and
Exportation
of
Goods
,
amounts
every
Year
to
the
Sum
of
600000
Crowns
.
Indeed
the
City
is
not
very
large
,
yet
extremely
populous
by
reason
of
the
concourse
of
People
that
resort
thither
to
Trade
with
the
English
and
Hollanders
;
but
it
was
burnt
and
almost
reduc'd
to
Ashes
,
A.
D.
1663.
The
Castle
was
built
in
1506
,
and
the
Town
became
a
Mart
about
1591
;
the
road
for
Ships
being
at
St.
Nicolas
in
Rose-Island
,
at
the
Staple
at
Colmogro
,
which
was
the
ancient
name
of
this
place
.
MOSCOW
,
Moscha
,
aut
Moscua
,
the
Capital
City
of
Moscovy
,
and
the
usual
place
of
residence
of
the
Gr.
Duke
or
Czar
,
is
water'd
with
the
Streams
of
the
Moskwa
,
Neglina
,
and
some
other
Rivers
,
being
distant
170
Miles
from
the
Frontiers
of
Lithuania
to
the
East
,
as
also
54
Polish
Miles
from
Smolensko
,
250
from
Belgrade
to
the
North-east
,
280
from
Nisi-Novogorod
to
the
South-west
,
and
370
from
Novogorod-Veliki
to
the
South-east
.
It
is
built
almost
in
a
round
form
,
extending
it self
3
German
Miles
in
compass
,
and
divided
into
four
parts
,
every
one
of
which
is
encompass'd
with
a
Wall
:
The
innermost
,
or
middle
part
,
is
call'd
Cataygorod
,
or
Mid-City
,
because
seated
amidst
the
others
,
but
it
is
separated
from
them
by
a
Brick
Wall
:
In
this
quarter
stands
the
Royal
Castle
,
which
bears
the
name
of
Kremlenagorod
,
and
is
fortified
with
three
strong
Walls
and
a
deep
Ditch
,
being
also
adorn'd
with
two
Towers
,
in
one
whereof
hangs
a
Bell
weighing
33600
pounds
.
Within
the
same
precinct
are
likewise
enclos'd
the
Court
of
Exchequer
,
and
Magazine
of
Powder
,
two
Palaces
of
the
Grand
Dukes
,
viz.
one
of
Stone
,
another
of
Timber
,
two
fair
Monasteries
,
5
Churches
and
Chappels
all
built
with
Free-stone
.
In
that
of
St.
Michael
are
the
Sepulchres
and
Tombs
of
the
Grand
Czars
or
Emperors
of
Moscovy
,
&
at
the
Castle-gate
is
another
Church
call'd
Jerusalem
,
which
seem'd
to
be
so
magnificent
to
John
Basilides
,
that
the
Architect's
Eyes
were
put
out
by
his
order
,
that
he
might
never
perform
the
like
Undertaking
.
Before
the
Castle
is
a
spacious
Market-place
where
every
Trade
has
a
separate
Station
.
The
second
quarter
that
environs
the
others
,
as
it
were
a
Semi-circle
on
the
Eastern
,
Northern
and
Western
sides
,
is
term'd
Czargorod
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
Imperial
Town
,
and
wall'd
round
about
with
Stone
.
Here
is
the
Arsenal
and
the
Apartments
of
the
Work-men
in
Metal
,
as
Bell-founders
,
Casters
of
Cannon
,
&c.
The
third
quarter
is
the
Skorodom
,
on
the
North-west
side
of
the
other
;
the
River
Jagasa
runs
thro'
it
,
and
here
is
the
Market
for
Horses
,
Timber
,
&c.
The
fourth
quarter
is
the
Strelitza
Slaboda
,
defended
with
a
wooden
Wall
or
Rampart
,
being
properly
the
station
of
the
Strelitz
,
or
Soldiers
of
the
Prince's
Guard
.
The
Houses
here
,
as
also
generally
throughout
the
whole
Empire
of
Moscovy
,
are
built
with
Fir-Timber
,
not
above
two
,
or
at
most
three
stories
high
,
but
the
Streets
are
broad
,
tho'
very
dirty
,
and
adorn'd
with
Gardens
.
There
are
also
divers
Palaces
,
and
a
great
number
of
Churches
and
Chappels
,
even
to
the
number
of
2000
,
together
with
two
Forts
erected
by
certain
Italian
Ingineers
,
according
to
the
Model
of
that
of
Milan
.
Moreover
Moscow
,
which
seems
rather
to
be
an
heap
of
several
Towns
,
than
a
City
,
heretofore
included
above
40000
Houses
within
its
Walls
,
but
its
largeness
hath
been
much
diminish'd
by
divers
Accidents
:
For
it
was
taken
and
almost
intirely
burnt
by
the
Precopian-Tartars
,
A.
D.
1572.
The
Polanders
found
means
to
make
themselves
Masters
thereof
,
in
1611
,
and
it
suffer'd
very
great
damage
by
a
terrible
Conflagration
that
happen'd
there
A.
D.
1660.
But
it
hath
been
since
well
repair'd
,
and
its
Grandeur
is
daily
augmented
.
A
great
number
of
Grecians
,
Persians
,
and
especially
Tartars
,
have
their
Habitation
here
as
well
as
the
Natives
,
but
the
Greeks
are
chiefly
caress'd
as
most
agreeing
with
the
Russes
in
matters
of
Religion
.
The
Lutherans
also
and
other
Protestants
are
well
receiv'd
,
and
have
liberty
publickly
to
exercise
their
Religion
,
which
is
not
allow'd
to
the
Roman
Catholick
;
neither
are
any
Jews
suffer'd
to
reside
in
the
City
.
COLUMNA
,
Columna
is
a
very
fair
City
in
the
Province
of
Moscovy
,
properly
so
call'd
,
encompass'd
with
a
Wall
,
and
dignified
with
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
,
being
seated
on
the
Moska
,
one
League
above
the
Confluence
of
this
River
,
and
that
of
the
Occa
,
as
also
26
from
the
City
of
Moskow
to
the
East
,
according
to
the
report
of
Adam
Olearius
,
who
lately
survey
d
those
parts
.
A
Chronological-Table
,
shewing
the
Succession
of
the
Grand
Dukes
or
Czars
of
MOSCOVY
.
|
A.
C.
|
1.
Wolodomir-Basil
I.
the
Son
of
Steslaus
,
converted
to
the
Christian
Faith
,
in
|
998
|
2.
Joreslaus
.
|
|
3.
Wzewold
▪
|
|
4.
Wolodomir
II
.
|
|
5.
Wzewold
II
.
|
|
An
Interruption
of
7
other
Princes
,
whose
names
are
unknown
to
us
.
|
13.
George
I.
|
|
14.
Demetrius
I.
|
|
15.
George
II
.
slain
by
Batus
,
King
of
Tartars
,
in
|
1237
|
16.
Iroslaus
the
Brother
of
George
II
.
|
|
17.
Alexander
.
|
|
18.
Daniel
.
|
|
19.
John
I.
sir-nam'd
Caleta
.
|
|
20.
Simeon
.
|
|
21.
John
II
.
|
|
22.
Demetrius
II
.
Liv'd
in
|
1400
|
23.
George
III
.
|
|
24.
Basil
,
III
.
|
|
25.
John
Basilides
I.
the
Great
.
|
|
26.
Basil
IV
.
died
in
|
1533
|
27.
John
Basilides
II
.
Died
in
|
1584
|
28.
Theodorus
,
Died
in
|
1598
|
29.
Borius
,
or
Boritz-Hodrinus
.
|
|
30.
Basil
John
Swiski
,
was
taken
Prisoner
by
the
Polanders
,
in
|
1600
|
31.
Ladislaus
,
a
Polander
,
expell'd
.
|
|
32.
Michael
Federowitz
,
Died
in
|
164●
|
33.
Alexis
Michael
,
or
Michalouk
,
Died
in
|
1676
|
34.
Alexis
II
.
|
Now
Reigning
.
|
HUNGARY
,
Hungaria
.
map of Hungary
HUNGARY
THIS
Kingdom
,
being
part
of
the
ancient
Pannonia
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Poland
and
Russia
,
on
the
South
by
Servia
and
Bosnia
,
on
the
East
by
Transylvania
,
and
on
the
West
by
Austria
,
Moravia
and
Stiria
.
Its
utmost
extent
from
South
to
North
,
consists
of
76
Leagues
,
from
the
44th
Degree
50
Minutes
to
the
49th
Degree
of
Latitude
,
and
about
100
from
West
to
East
,
from
the
39th
Degree
to
the
47th
of
Longitude
.
The
Air
is
not
very
healthful
,
and
the
Waters
are
corrupted
,
except
those
of
the
Danaw
;
nevertheless
,
the
Soil
is
very
fruitful
in
Corn
and
Fruits
,
affording
very
good
Pastu●es
.
The
Country
abounds
extremely
in
horn'd
Beasts
,
Fallow-Deer
,
and
variety
of
all
sorts
of
Game
:
There
are
also
many
Herds
of
Horses
,
of
an
excellent
kind
,
and
so
great
quantities
of
Fish
are
every
where
caught
,
that
the
Inhabitants
are
some
times
oblig'd
to
cast
them
to
the
Hogs
,
more
especially
the
River
Teisse
,
leaves
the
Ground
covered
with
Fishes
,
when
after
having
overflowed
the
adjacent
Fields
it
retires
into
its
usual
Channel
.
Moreover
on
the
Mountains
are
found
divers
Mines
of
Gold
,
Silver
,
Copper
,
Iron
,
Quick-Silver
,
Antimony
and
Salt
,
besides
many
Springs
of
Hot
Waters
.
The
principal
Rivers
are
,
the
Danube
or
Danaw
the
Drave
,
the
Save
,
the
Teiss
or
Tibisc
,
the
Marisch
,
the
Raab
,
which
forms
an
Island
of
the
same
name
,
the
Vag
,
the
Gran
,
and
the
Sarvithze
,
that
springs
forth
out
of
the
Lake
of
Balaton
.
There
are
also
two
other
Lakes
,
viz.
those
of
Nerodsiler
and
Beczkerk
.
The
Inhabitants
of
this
Kingdom
are
Hardy
,
Valiant
and
War-like
,
delighting
much
in
riding
on
Horses
;
but
they
are
likewise
Cruel
,
Savage
,
Revengeful
,
and
often
Eat
and
Drink
to
Excess
.
However
,
the
Persons
of
Quality
shew
much
Magnificence
and
cannot
endure
to
be
subject
to
a
Foreign
Dominion
.
The
Kingdom
of
Hungary
hath
been
the
Theatre
of
War
during
almost
three
Ages
,
and
at
length
became
a
Prey
to
the
Turks
,
more
especially
in
the
Time
of
Amurath
and
Solyman
.
It
is
at
present
Elective
,
and
almost
entirely
depends
on
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Emperor
,
who
is
styled
King
thereof
.
All
the
Territories
which
the
Turks
had
subdued
have
been
recovered
by
the
Imperial
Forces
,
within
the
space
of
four
Years
,
and
a
very
little
Portion
of
them
as
yet
remains
in
the
Possession
of
those
Infidels
.
The
State
consists
of
four
distinct
Bodies
,
viz.
the
Clergy
,
the
Barons
,
the
Noblemen
and
the
Free
Cities
.
They
are
usually
convened
every
three
Years
,
according
to
the
Constitutions
of
the
Realm
;
and
this
Assembly
hath
a
Right
to
elect
a
Palatine
,
who
ought
to
be
an
Hungarian
by
Birth
,
and
to
whom
appertains
the
management
of
military
Affairs
,
together
with
the
Administration
of
Justice
.
Croatia
being
a
Dependance
of
Hungary
,
hath
in
like
manner
its
Vice-Roy
,
who
is
invested
with
the
same
Authority
as
the
Palatine
.
In
this
Kingdom
are
founded
two
Archbishopricks
,
viz.
those
of
Gran
and
Colonitz
,
together
with
16.
subordinate
Bishopricks
,
five
of
which
are
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
See
of
Gran
,
eight
are
Suffragan
to
that
of
Colonitz
,
and
three
appertain
to
the
Archbishoprick
of
Spalatro
in
Dalmatia
.
The
Roman
Catholick
Religion
hath
prevailed
among
some
Ancient
Noble
Families
,
and
since
the
late
Conquests
of
the
Emperor
,
is
become
predominant
;
nevertheless
a
great
number
of
Persons
of
quality
as
yet
adhere
to
the
Doctrine
of
Calvin
,
and
the
common
People
have
generally
embraced
that
of
Luther
.
In
many
Places
are
also
found
divers
Arians
,
Socinians
,
Anabaptists
,
Jews
and
Mahometans
.
The
Hungarians
owe
their
first
Conversion
to
Christianity
,
to
Gisle
,
Sister
of
S.
Henry
,
who
was
married
to
their
King
S.
Stephen
,
about
A.
D.
1000.
Hungary
is
divided
into
the
Upper
and
Lower
,
the
first
of
these
Provinces
lying
beyond
the
Danaw
toward
Poland
and
Transylvania
,
and
the
other
on
the
hither
Side
of
this
River
.
Hungary
in
Two
Parts
,
viz.
-
I.
The
Upper
into
4.
-
1.
Government
of
Presburg
,
in
which
are
these
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Presburg
,
Cap.
-
Neytracht
,
Bish
.
-
Tirnaw
,
-
Schintz
,
-
Holits
,
-
Watzenew
,
-
Freistad
,
-
Lednich
,
-
Transchin
,
-
Orowa
,
-
Leutsch
,
-
Eperies
,
-
Scharos
,
-
Unghwar
,
-
Zemblin
,
-
Bathnor
,
-
Namin
,
-
Zolnock
,
-
Zatmar
,
-
Segedin
,
-
Debreczen
,
-
Nagkhalo
,
-
Echied
,
-
Agria
,
Bish
.
-
Cheghe
,
-
Nadwar
.
-
2.
Bergstet
.
-
Schemnitz
,
Cap.
-
Bistricz
,
-
Muoran
,
-
Filleck
,
-
Altsol
,
-
Chremnitz
,
-
Newsol
,
-
Puggantz
,
-
Koningsburg
,
-
Tillen
,
-
Libeten
,
-
Hern-Grundt
,
-
Glasshitten
,
-
Gomer
,
-
S.
Creus
,
-
Eisenbach
.
-
3.
Government
of
Newhausel
.
-
Newhausel
,
Cap.
-
Serschin
,
-
Holock
,
-
Burack
,
-
Tregel
,
-
Bars
,
-
Leiva
,
-
Etzelburg
.
-
4.
Government
of
Cassovia
,
or
Caschaw
.
-
Cassovia
,
or
Caschaw
,
Cap.
-
Tornaw
,
-
Budnock
,
-
Borsania
,
-
Tockay
,
-
Za●war
,
-
Temeswar
,
-
Colocza
,
Archb.
-
Pest
,
-
Novigrad
,
-
Montgatz
.
-
II
.
The
Lower
into
3.
-
1.
The
Government
of
Buda
,
wherein
are
these
Towns
,
&c.
-
Buda
,
Cap.
-
Gran
,
Archb.
Prim
.
-
Alba
Regalis
,
or
Stuhl-weissemburg
-
Komara
,
-
Altemburg
,
-
Sawar
,
-
Newsidl
,
-
Guncs
,
-
Five-Churches
,
Bish
.
-
Sabarca
,
-
Baraniwar
.
-
2.
Government
of
Javarin
.
-
Raab
,
or
Javarin
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
M.
S.
Martin
,
-
Gesthes
,
-
Withan
,
-
Meriges
,
-
Pappa
,
-
Vesprin
,
Bish
.
-
Escheneck
,
-
Sigeth
.
-
3.
Government
of
Canisia
,
in
part
.
-
Canisia
,
-
Kirment
,
-
Georjewar
▪
-
Fort
of
Serin
,
-
Zelewar
,
-
Mohatz
,
-
Sirmich
,
-
Peter
Waradin
,
-
Esseck
.
A
Chronological
Table
,
shewing
the
Succession
of
XLVIII
.
Kings
of
Hungary
,
from
about
the
Year
of
our
Lord
1000.
|
A.
D.
|
reig
.
y
.
|
1
STephen
I.
in
1000.
or
1020.
died
in
the
Year
1038.
|
|
2
Peter
the
German
,
expelled
|
1038
|
4
|
3
Ovon
or
Aban
|
1042
|
2
|
4
Peter
the
German
re-established
|
1044
|
2
|
5
Andrew
I.
|
1046
|
15
|
6
Bela
I.
|
1061
|
2
|
7
Salomon
|
1063
|
11
|
8
Geiza
or
Geycza
I.
|
1074
|
3
|
9
Ladislaus
I.
|
1077
|
7
|
10
Coloman
or
Colan
|
1095
|
19
|
11
Stephen
II
.
|
1114
|
18
|
12
Bela
II
.
|
1132
|
9
|
13
Geiza
II
.
|
1141
|
20
|
14
Stephen
III
.
|
1161
|
11
|
15
Ladislaus
,
an
Usurper
|
1172
|
6
m
.
|
16
Stephen
IV
.
|
1172
|
5
m
.
|
17
Bela
III
.
|
1173
|
23
|
18
Emerycus
|
1195
|
8
|
19
Ladislaus
II
.
|
1204
|
6
|
20
Andrew
II
.
of
Jerusalem
|
1205
|
30
|
21
Bela
IV
.
|
1235
|
25
|
22
Stephen
V.
|
1260
|
12
|
23
Ladislaus
III
.
|
1272
|
18
|
24
Andrew
III
.
the
Venetian
Charles
I.
Martel
|
1290
|
11
|
25
Veneslaus
|
1301
|
|
26
Otho
|
1305
|
|
27
Charles
II
.
Robert
,
or
Charobert
|
1310
|
32
|
28
Lewes
I.
|
1342
|
40
|
29
Mary
|
1382
|
|
30
Charles
III
.
the
Little
|
1383
|
3
|
31
Sigismund
|
1387
|
51
|
32
Albert
of
Austria
|
1438
|
2
|
33
Ladislaus
IV
.
|
1440
|
4
|
34
Joan
.
Corvinus
Huniades
|
1445
|
8
|
35
Ladislaus
V.
|
1452
|
6
|
36
Matthias
Corvinus
|
1458
|
2
|
37
Ladislaus
VI
.
|
1460
|
25
|
38
Lewes
II
.
the
Younger
|
1486
|
11
|
39
John
of
Zapol
|
1526
|
|
40
John
Stephen
,
or
Sigismund
|
1540
|
|
41
Ferdinand
I.
|
1527
|
37
|
42
Maximilian
I.
|
1564
|
12
|
43
Rodolph
|
1576
|
36
|
44
Matthias
|
1612
|
7
|
45
Ferdinand
II
.
|
1629
|
18
|
46
Ferdinand
III
.
|
1637
|
20
|
47
Ferdinand-Francis
,
elected
in
|
1657
|
|
48
Leopoldus-Ignatius
,
now
reigning
|
1657
|
|
49
Joseph
,
his
Son
,
elected
in
|
1687
|
|
PRESBURG
,
or
POSON
(
as
it
is
term'd
by
the
Inhabitants
)
Posonium
aut
Pisonium
,
the
Chief
City
of
the
Upper
Hungary
,
is
pleasantly
seated
on
the
left-Side-Bank
of
the
River
Danaw
or
Danube
,
and
fortified
with
a
stately
Castle
,
built
altogether
of
white
Stone
,
on
the
Top
of
a
Hill
,
having
4
Towers
,
in
the
strongest
whereof
is
very
carefully
kept
the
Royal
Crown
of
Hungary
,
so
much
talkt
of
,
and
said
to
have
been
presented
by
an
Angel
to
the
first
King
S.
Stephen
,
being
of
a
Figure
very
different
from
other
Imperial
Crowns
and
Diadems
.
The
General
Conventions
of
the
States
have
been
held
for
a
considerable
Time
in
this
Place
,
after
the
Loss
of
Strigonium
or
Gran
,
the
Metropolitan
See
of
the
Realm
;
and
it
hath
communicated
its
Name
to
a
County
or
small
Province
,
lying
between
Moravia
to
the
North
,
Austria
to
the
West
,
the
River
Danube
to
the
South
,
and
the
Counties
of
Transchyn
and
Neytracht
to
the
East
.
A
fair
Church
was
erected
here
,
A.
D.
1638.
for
the
use
of
the
Lutherans
;
but
the
Jesuits
have
obtained
part
of
the
Dome
or
Cathedral
,
in
which
lies
interr'd
the
Body
of
S.
Joannes
Eleemosynarius
,
sometime
Bishop
of
Alexandria
.
In
the
former
are
also
used
some
Ceremonies
,
scarcely
observed
any
where
else
by
any
of
the
Augsburg
Confession
;
for
on
every
Holyday
and
Sunday
they
cause
Wax
Tapers
to
be
burnt
at
the
Altar
,
sing
the
Lord's
Prayer
after
the
manner
of
Cathedral
Service
,
&c.
Among
other
Curiosities
,
worthy
to
be
viewed
by
Travellers
,
the
Archbishop's
Palace
,
in
the
Suburbs
,
beautified
with
fair
Gardens
,
Walks
,
Grotto's
,
Labyrinths
and
Fountains
is
more
especially
remarkable
,
not
to
mention
the
Statue
of
Jeronymo
,
and
a
famous
Repository
of
Drugs
,
and
divers
sorts
of
Rarities
belonging
to
the
Society
of
Jesuits
.
The
City
of
Presburg
is
distant
8
German
miles
from
Vienna
to
the
East
,
7
from
Raab
,
8
from
Komora
to
the
North-west
,
as
many
Neuhausel
,
and
only
one
from
the
Frontiers
of
the
Upper
Austria
.
Tyrnaw
,
Tyrn
or
Dyrn
,
is
a
small
Town
on
a
River
of
the
same
Name
,
in
the
County
of
Transchyn
,
about
6.
German
miles
from
Presburg
,
and
hath
been
chiefly
made
famous
by
the
Residence
of
the
Archbishop
and
Chapter
of
Gran
,
whilst
that
City
continued
in
the
Possession
of
the
Turks
.
In
the
Year
1414.
a
barbarous
Murder
was
committed
here
on
a
Christian-Child
,
by
12
Jews
and
2
Women
,
who
having
entic'd
him
into
their
House
,
open'd
his
Veins
,
drank
some
of
his
Blood
,
laying
the
rest
up
for
some
other
uses
,
cut
the
Body
in
Pieces
and
buried
it
in
a
Cellar
.
But
these
Miscreants
,
notwithstanding
their
Precaution
,
were
discovered
,
apprehended
,
and
,
after
conviction
,
condemned
to
be
burnt
alive
:
A
Punishment
justly
due
to
their
inhuman
Cruelty
.
Transchin
,
a
very
fair
Town
on
the
River
Waag
,
and
the
Capital
of
a
County
so
call
d
,
is
situated
on
the
Top
of
a
Rock
,
not
far
from
the
Confines
of
Moravia
,
and
defended
by
a
very
strong
Castle
,
which
renders
it
almost
impregnable
;
and
by
reason
of
its
height
appears
to
view
,
even
at
the
distance
of
20
miles
from
the
Town
;
about
an
English
mile
from
whence
are
two
hot
Bagnio's
,
much
frequented
by
Strangers
:
And
indeed
the
Country
everywhere
abounds
with
Springs
of
Mineral
Water
,
insomuch
that
here
,
as
well
as
in
many
other
Places
on
the
Banks
of
the
Danube
,
the
Inhabitants
often
dig
Pits
,
wherein
they
bath
themselves
,
some
of
which
are
so
near
the
River
Waag
,
that
you
may
easily
extend
your
Arm
into
the
cold
Water
,
whilst
the
rest
of
your
Body
is
Sweating
in
the
Pit
.
Leutsch
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
County
of
Zips
,
stands
on
the
Top
of
a
high
Hill
,
affording
a
delicate
Prospect
over
the
circumjacent
Country
.
It
is
a
fair
Town
,
of
a
large
extent
,
and
remarkable
for
a
great
Fair
kept
therein
every
Year
.
The
Inhabitants
being
for
the
most
part
Germans
,
nevertheless
talk
Hungarian
for
the
Convenience
of
Traffick
with
the
neighbouring
People
:
They
generally
adhere
to
the
Augsburg
Confession
,
and
are
extremely
courteous
in
their
Behaviour
;
neither
are
they
less
sincere
in
their
professing
of
Friendship
,
and
fair
in
their
Dealings
.
The
Magistrates
,
whensoever
they
meet
in
the
Town-Hall
,
are
accustomed
to
wear
a
German
Mantle
over
their
ordinary
Hungarian
Habit
.
EPERIES
,
Eperiae
,
is
a
strong
Town
on
the
River
Tarkzel
or
Tarocoza
,
and
the
Capital
of
the
County
of
Sero
,
being
very
famous
for
its
Fairs
and
Salt-mines
.
Not
far
from
thence
spring
two
deadly
Fountains
,
the
Waters
whereof
immediately
kill
either
Birds
or
Beasts
that
taste
them
;
for
which
reason
they
are
always
kept
covered
,
and
walled
round
about
,
lest
any
should
come
near
or
suffer
Damage
by
them
.
Near
these
are
the
Salt-Pits
,
that
afford
employment
to
a
great
number
of
poor
People
,
and
bring
in
a
considerable
yearly
Revenue
to
the
Town
.
Ungwar
,
or
Unghuar
,
is
much
more
remarkable
for
its
Strength
and
commodious
Situation
than
any
other
Advantage
,
as
being
built
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Crapach
,
and
encompassed
with
the
River
Ungh
,
on
the
Frontiers
of
Red
Russia
.
It
is
also
the
Chief
Town
of
a
County
of
the
same
Name
,
and
(
if
we
may
give
credit
to
the
assertion
of
the
Hungarian
Historians
)
this
Place
or
River
gave
its
Name
to
the
whole
Kingdom
.
Count
Teckeley
kept
his
Treasures
,
and
the
best
of
his
Goods
for
some
time
at
Ungwar
,
as
judging
it
to
be
an
impregnable
Fortress
;
but
the
Imperialists
found
means
to
make
themselves
Masters
of
it
,
A.
D.
1685.
ZOLNOCK
,
Zolnochium
,
the
Capital
Town
of
a
County
,
bearing
its
Name
,
stands
very
advantagiously
on
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Zagywa
,
with
which
and
the
Teisse
it
is
encompassed
round
,
at
the
distance
of
44
miles
from
Colocza
to
the
North-east
,
between
Buda
and
Great
Waradin
,
within
56
miles
of
each
.
It
is
a
place
of
that
convenience
for
a
Garrison
,
that
an
Army
of
4000
Men
have
found
good
Accommodation
therein
.
Nevertheless
,
this
strong
Hold
was
shamefully
quitted
in
the
Year
1552.
by
200
Hungarian
Horse
,
300
Germans
,
100
Bohemians
200
Heydukes
and
50
Spaniards
,
who
left
it
to
Mahomet
Bassa
,
returning
from
the
Siege
of
Temeswar
;
for
after
having
sustained
a
sharp
Siege
of
3
days
,
without
the
least
Apprehension
of
Damage
or
Danger
,
the
German
Soldiers
were
suddenly
seized
with
such
a
panick
Fear
,
that
they
raised
a
Mutiny
in
the
Garrison
against
the
Governour
,
a
Person
of
great
Courage
and
Conduct
,
who
had
resolved
to
defend
the
Place
to
the
last
Extremity
;
insomuch
that
they
soon
betook
themselves
to
a
general
Flight
over
the
Teisse
:
However
,
the
Governour
being
taken
alone
in
the
Castle
,
was
very
honourably
treated
by
the
Bassa
.
But
the
Turks
soon
overtook
the
greater
Part
of
the
Garrison
in
Pursuit
,
and
put
them
to
the
Sword
,
according
to
the
express
Order
of
their
General
.
Those
Infidels
have
continued
Masters
of
so
important
a
Fortress
for
a
long
Time
,
until
at
length
it
was
taken
by
the
Imperial
Forces
in
the
Month
of
Oct●b
.
A.
D.
1685.
Zatmar
,
a
small
but
well
fortified
Town
in
the
Mountains
of
Upper
Hungary
,
is
water'd
with
the
Streams
of
the
River
Samosch
,
about
25
miles
from
Mongatz
to
the
South
.
It
stands
on
the
Fontiers
of
Transylvania
,
and
is
the
Chief
of
a
Territory
,
not
long
ago
erected
into
a
County
,
appertaining
to
the
Emperor's
Jurisdiction
.
Count
Teckeley
took
●ossession
thereof
A.
D.
1680.
but
hath
been
since
constrained
to
abandon
it
to
the
Imperialists
.
SEGEDIN
or
Seged
Segodunum
,
is
the
Principal
Town
of
the
Country
of
Bodrock
on
the
River
Tibesse
or
Teisse
,
near
its
confluence
with
the
Merish
,
being
distant
55
miles
from
Colocza
to
the
East
,
64
from
Waradin
to
the
South-west
,
and
104
from
Buda
to
the
South-east
.
It
was
surpriz'd
by
the
Turks
,
A.
D.
1552.
and
recovered
by
the
Imperial
and
Confederate
Army
,
without
much
Resistance
,
after
the
taking
of
Buda
,
in
1686.
AGRIA
,
Agria
,
named
also
Eger
by
the
Germans
,
and
Erlaw
by
the
Inhabitants
,
is
situated
in
the
midst
of
Upper
Hungary
;
near
the
Confines
of
the
Austrian
Territories
,
on
the
Side
of
a
Rivulet
of
the
same
Name
,
which
about
3
leagues
farther
falls
into
the
Teisse
,
being
distant
5
German
miles
from
Filleck
to
the
East
,
7
from
Tockay
,
17
from
Buda
to
the
North-east
,
and
15
from
Debrczyn
to
the
North-west
.
It
is
guarded
with
a
Castle
,
call'd
Erla
,
standing
on
a
Hill
,
and
reputed
to
be
the
strongest
Hold
throughout
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Hungary
,
both
on
the
account
of
its
advantagious
Situation
and
regular
Bulwarks
.
It
is
also
the
See
of
a
Prelate
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Gran
.
When
Solyman
II
.
Emperor
of
the
Turks
,
besieged
this
City
.
A.
D.
1552.
with
70000
Men
,
it
was
not
as
yet
strengthned
with
any
considerable
Fortifications
,
either
natural
or
artificial
,
nevertheless
the
undaunted
Courage
of
the
Inhabitants
proved
a
sufficient
Defence
for
the
Place
,
after
they
had
bound
themselves
by
an
Oath
,
to
undergo
the
utmost
Extremity
rather
than
surre●der
,
hanging
out
a
Coffin
on
the
Battlements
,
in
token
of
that
Resolution
:
For
altho
the
Turks
battered
the
Walls
40
days
together
with
50
Pieces
of
Cannon
,
and
made
three
Assaults
in
one
Day
,
yet
were
they
incessantly
repulsed
with
the
loss
of
8000
Men
:
The
instances
of
Female
Valour
,
during
the
several
Attacks
,
being
almost
incredible
;
insomuch
that
the
In●idels
terrified
with
such
unexpected
Prodigies
of
resolute
Obstinacy
in
both
Sexes
,
were
compelled
to
raise
the
Siege
,
and
the
Garrison
immediately
sallying
out
,
cut
off
a
great
number
of
them
,
taking
all
their
Baggage
.
However
,
the
Citizens
were
not
afterward
so
successful
in
withstanding
the
furious
Assaults
of
Mahomet
III
.
in
1596.
when
he
had
defeated
the
Troops
sent
to
their
Relief
,
who
caused
the
Garrison
to
be
put
to
the
Sword
,
contrary
to
the
Articles
of
Capitulation
.
Immediately
after
the
Surrender
of
this
Place
the
Christian
Forces
were
so
extremely
harrass'd
by
the
same
Mahomet
,
that
(
had
he
pursued
his
Victory
)
't
is
believed
he
might
even
at
that
one
Onset
have
entirely
finished
the
absolute
Conquest
of
Hungary
.
Altho'
,
on
the
contrary
the
Turks
were
so
far
routed
and
disordered
at
first
(
Mahomet
and
most
of
his
Generals
flying
out
of
the
Field
)
that
had
the
Christians
followed
close
on
the
Backs
of
their
Enemies
,
and
not
too
hastily
betook
themselves
to
the
Spoil
of
the
Camp
,
't
is
very
probable
they
would
have
for
ever
freed
that
Kingdom
from
the
Turkish
Yoke
;
under
which
Agria
hath
ever
since
groaned
,
until
it
was
at
last
happily
redeemed
by
the
Imperial
Forces
,
after
they
had
blockt
it
up
for
3
Years
;
in
which
space
of
time
above
10000
Turks
perished
,
either
through
Hunger
or
Diseases
.
4000
Inhabitants
then
marched
out
with
the
Garrison
,
300
staid
and
demanded
Baptism
,
and
many
Christian
Slaves
were
set
at
Liberty
.
The
Infidels
left
behind
150
Pieces
of
Artillery
and
7
Mortars
,
besides
good
store
of
Provisions
,
and
all
the
adjacent
Territories
were
brought
under
the
Imperial
Jurisdiction
.
Schemnitz
,
the
fairest
of
all
the
7
Berg
or
Mine-Towns
in
Hungary
,
is
well
built
on
a
rocky
Hill
(
which
renders
the
Streets
very
uneven
)
adorn'd
with
3
beautiful
Churches
,
and
defended
by
as
many
strong
Castles
,
one
of
which
is
erected
on
a
high
Peak
,
and
continual
Watch
kept
there
,
to
discover
the
Approach
of
the
Turks
,
whereof
notice
is
soon
given
by
the
discharging
of
a
Culverin
.
The
Air
is
not
very
healthful
,
but
some
Recompence
is
made
for
that
Inconvenience
by
the
adjacent
Baths
.
The
greater
part
of
the
Inhabitants
are
Lutherans
,
and
maintain
a
good
Garrison
ready
upon
any
suddain
Enterprize
of
the
Turks
.
Most
of
their
Provisions
,
viz.
Bread
,
Wine
,
Flesh
,
&c.
are
brought
thither
from
other
Places
,
by
reason
that
the
Country
round
about
is
generally
rocky
and
barren
,
insomuch
that
the
Rates
are
very
much
enhanced
,
more
especially
to
Strangers
sojourning
in
th●se
Parts
.
Here
are
several
Silver-Mines
very
remarkable
,
the
chief
of
which
are
commonly
call'd
the
Trinity
and
Windschacht
,
the
former
of
these
is
70
Fathoms
deep
,
propt
up
and
kept
open
with
Under-works
,
at
a
vast
Expence
,
much
of
it
being
in
an
earthy
Soil
.
The
Ore
here
gathered
is
highly
esteemed
,
and
frequently
of
a
black
Colour
,
cover'd
over
with
a
whitish
kind
of
Clay
.
The
Windschacht
Mine
is
considerably
deeper
than
the
other
,
and
in
some
Places
so
excessive
hot
that
the
Miners
are
not
able
to
labour
in
it
above
8
Hours
together
:
The
blackish
Ore
is
here
reputed
the
best
,
much
of
it
being
intermixt
with
a
shining
yellow
Substance
or
Marchasite
.
Not
far
from
Schemnitz
,
where
the
old
Town
was
formerly
built
,
is
a
Rock
extended
perpendicularly
to
a
great
height
,
part
of
which
,
from
the
Bottom
to
the
Top
hath
a
fair
shining
blue
Tincture
,
together
with
some
Spots
of
Green
and
Yellow
;
not
unlike
whereto
(
as
they
say
)
there
is
another
near
the
Silver-Mines
in
Peru
.
Filleck
is
a
very
considerable
Fortress
by
reason
of
its
advantagious
situation
on
the
Top
of
a
rugged
Hill
,
so
inaccessible
that
there
is
only
one
Way
up
to
it
,
and
that
too
so
very
narrow
that
only
one
Person
at
once
can
pass
through
it
.
This
Town
stands
on
the
Road
leading
from
the
City
of
Presburg
to
those
in
the
Mountains
on
the
Borders
of
the
Turkish
Dominions
,
about
5
Leagues
from
Agria
to
the
North
,
and
as
many
from
Caschaw
to
the
West
.
It
was
also
formerly
fortified
with
a
Castle
and
strong
Walls
.
However
,
the
Turks
made
themselves
Masters
thereof
,
A.
D.
1560.
and
the
Imperialists
recover'd
it
in
1593.
Afterward
the
Bassa
of
Waradin
laid
siege
thereto
,
and
took
in
again
in
1682.
But
there
arising
some
Differences
between
him
and
Count
Teckeley's
Party
,
he
caused
it
to
be
dismantled
and
deserted
.
A
famous
Cavern
or
Hole
in
a
Rock
at
Filleck
deserves
well
to
be
view'd
by
the
Inquisitive
Travellers
,
wherein
the
Water
dropping
from
the
Roof
or
Arch
,
at
the
Top
,
petrifies
at
the
bottom
into
a
fair
white
Stone
,
frequently
used
by
the
Painters
of
this
Country
to
make
the
purest
and
most
clear
White
Colour
in
Limning
.
Chremnitz
is
reckon'd
the
first
among
the
Berg
or
Mine-Towns
(
which
Honour
is
paid
to
its
Antiquity
rather
than
Grandeur
)
being
of
a
small
extent
,
yet
environed
with
large
Suburbs
,
and
having
a
strong
Castle
for
its
Defence
,
supposed
to
stand
on
the
highest
Ground
in
Hungary
.
But
it
is
more
especially
famous
for
its
Gold-Mine
,
which
hath
been
wrought
above
9●0
Years
,
and
is
carried
about
9
or
10
miles
in
length
;
the
entrance
into
it
lying
through
one
Cuniculus
or
Horizontal
Passage
,
commonly
called
the
Erbstal
,
and
extending
itself
800
Fathoms
in
a
streight
Line
.
Some
of
the
Ore
is
white
,
another
sort
black
,
a
third
Red
and
a
fourth
yellow
;
but
that
with
black
Spots
on
white
is
esteemed
the
best
,
and
that
as
the
most
precious
which
lies
nearest
the
Veins
.
Some
small
parcels
of
Virgin
Gold
have
likewise
been
found
(
though
very
rarely
)
in
the
same
Mine
,
divers
Specimens
whereof
are
to
be
seen
in
the
Emperor's
Treasury
at
Vienna
,
and
the
Elector
of
Saxony's
Repository
at
Dresd●n
.
Moreover
the
common
yellow
Earth
of
the
adjacent
Territories
(
chiefly
on
the
Western
Hills
)
affords
a
considerable
quantity
of
Gold
▪
which
is
sometimes
washed
and
wrought
in
the
same
manner
with
the
pounded
Ore
,
turning
to
a
very
good
account
.
Several
Passages
in
the
Mine
,
cut
through
the
Rock
,
and
long
disused
,
are
since
grown
up
again
,
and
a
great
number
of
the
Walks
in
most
Places
are
scarcely
passable
.
There
is
also
found
a
kind
of
Substance
,
termed
Antimony
of
Gold
,
of
a
shining
purple
Colour
,
consisting
of
certain
Particles
,
pointed
like
Needles
,
together
with
Chrystals
among
the
Ore
,
and
some
tinctured
yellow
.
Not
far
from
the
Gold-mine
at
Chremnitz
there
is
another
of
Vitriol
,
about
80
Fathoms
deep
,
the
Earth
whereof
is
reddish
and
sometimes
green
,
which
being
purified
and
reduced
to
a
Calx
,
becomes
very
serviceable
in
the
making
of
Aqua
Fortis
.
In
the
Town
is
establish'd
a
Mint-house
,
where
are
coyn'd
Ducats
,
Rix-dollars
,
and
other
lesser
Pieces
of
Mony
,
besides
a
Printing-house
,
for
the
Con●enience
of
some
few
Gentlemen
and
others
in
these
Parts
,
that
apply
themselves
to
the
study
of
the
Liberal
Sciences
.
Newsol
,
the
third
in
number
of
the
Berg-Towns
,
is
well
built
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Gran
,
and
at
the
foot
of
a
Hill
,
on
which
stands
the
Castle
and
great
Church
,
cover'd
with
Copper
.
Near
this
Town
are
the
most
considerable
Copper-mines
in
Hungary
,
wherein
the
Metal
is
very
firmly
incorporated
with
its
Stone-Bed
,
and
the
Separation
of
it
not
to
be
performed
without
much
Pains
and
difficulty
,
so
that
the
Ore
is
often
burnt
and
melted
14
times
,
before
it
can
be
made
fit
for
use
,
or
brought
to
a
tolerable
perfection
.
The
Inhabitants
are
Lutherans
,
and
generally
speak
the
German
,
Hungarian
and
Wendish
Tongues
.
They
keep
a
good
Market
here
every
Week
,
and
have
good
store
of
Provisions
both
for
themselves
and
Strangers
.
At
Mismils
,
a
small
Village
,
not
far
from
Newsols
,
divers
Furnaces
are
set
up
for
the
Melting
of
Metals
,
and
Silver
is
sometimes
extracted
there
out
of
Copper
.
Puggantz
was
heretofore
a
fair
Town
,
and
still
retains
a
fourth
Place
in
the
Order
of
the
Berg-Towns
,
but
hath
been
so
often
burnt
and
laid
waste
by
the
frequent
Incursions
of
the
Turks
,
that
the
Miners
are
no
longer
able
to
continue
their
Works
in
this
Place
,
until
the
Tranquility
of
the
State
of
Hungary
shall
be
more
firmly
establish'd
.
Konigsberg
,
the
fifth
Berg-Town
,
doth
not
much
go
beyond
Puggantz
in
Note
and
Dignity
at
this
Day
,
since
the
Miners
have
for
the
most
part
retired
from
thence
to
Chremnitz
and
Schemnitz
,
where
they
meet
with
much
better
Employment
:
However
,
Konigsberg
is
as
yet
famous
for
a
Spring
of
sowre
Mineral
Waters
,
that
have
been
efficacious
in
the
working
of
some
notable
Cures
.
Tillen
is
in
like
manner
a
Berg-Town
of
great
Antiquity
,
but
of
late
Years
altogether
fallen
to
decay
and
deserted
,
by
reason
of
the
Failure
of
those
Metallick
Veins
that
were
found
in
the
neighbouring
Territory
,
and
caused
this
Place
to
be
much
frequented
.
Libeten
,
the
last
of
the
seven
Berg-Towns
,
was
likewise
formerly
much
more
noted
than
it
is
at
present
.
Altho'
some
small
Quantities
of
Copper
,
together
with
a
little
Silver
,
are
still
dug
out
of
the
adjacent
Mines
,
but
so
very
inconsiderable
,
as
scarcely
affords
the
Inhabitants
a
sorry
Maintenance
.
Besides
these
there
are
several
other
Towns
remarkable
for
Mines
,
altho'
their
Names
are
not
as
yet
registred
among
the
former
,
viz.
Hernn-grundt
,
distant
about
an
Hungarian
mile
,
or
almost
7
English
from
Newsol
;
where
lies
a
Copper
Mine
in
the
Rocks
,
the
Ore
of
which
is
extremely
rich
,
being
usually
either
of
a
yellow
or
black
Colour
,
the
former
for
the
most
part
yielding
the
better
Metal
,
tho'
in
the
latter
is
contained
a
Mixture
of
Silver
.
There
are
also
several
sorts
of
Vitriol
sound
in
this
Mine
,
viz.
white
,
green
,
blue
and
a
clear
transparent
red
,
besides
a
green
Earth
or
waterish
Sediment
,
call'd
Berg-grun
,
of
singular
use
in
Painting
.
Moreover
here
are
two
Springs
of
Vitriolate
Water
,
that
speedily
turn
Iron
into
Copper
,
and
bear
the
Names
of
the
Old
and
New
Ziment
.
These
Fountains
are
highly
esteemed
,
in
regard
that
the
worst
of
old
Iron
is
thereby
converted
into
the
purest
Copper
,
having
this
admirable
Quality
,
that
it
is
more
ductile
and
malleable
than
any
other
whatsoever
,
and
may
be
easily
melted
down
without
the
Addition
of
any
other
Substance
.
Glasshitten
,
a
Town
situated
at
the
Distance
of
one
Hungarian
mile
from
Schemnitz
,
was
sometime
noted
for
a
rich
Gold-Mine
,
which
hath
been
lost
ever
since
Bethlem
Gabor
,
Prince
of
Transylvania
over-ran
this
Country
,
and
constrained
the
Inhabitants
to
quit
their
Houses
.
Travellers
frequently
resort
hither
on
the
account
of
five
natural
hot
Baths
;
the
Springs
whereof
are
very
clear
,
the
Sediment
red
and
green
,
and
the
wooden
Seats
under
Water
incrustated
with
a
stony
Substance
.
Among
these
the
hot
Springs
of
that
which
is
called
the
Sweating-Bath
,
drain
through
a
Hill
and
fall
into
a
Bagnio
,
built
on
purpose
to
receive
them
.
At
one
End
of
it
is
erected
a
noble
Stove
,
heated
by
the
Steams
of
those
Waters
,
and
so
contrived
,
that
by
chusing
a
higher
or
lower
Seat
ones
Sweating
may
be
regulated
,
and
any
degree
of
Heat
may
be
obtain'd
at
pleasure
.
NEWHAUSEL
,
Neoselium
,
call'd
Owar
by
the
Hungarians
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
Rivulet
Neutra
or
Nitrach
,
and
altho'
a
Place
of
a
small
extent
,
is
nevertheless
the
Capital
of
a
large
Country
,
and
the
chief
Bulwark
against
the
Turks
in
the
Upper
Hungary
,
enlarg'd
by
a
new
Fort
call'd
Leopolstadt
,
from
the
present
Emperor
of
Germany
,
its
Founder
.
It
is
built
on
a
moorish
Plain
,
but
hard
at
the
Bottom
and
every
where
passable
.
Its
Fortifications
appear
in
Form
of
a
Star
,
with
six
Raies
,
every
Point
being
defended
by
a
high-raised
Bastion
.
They
are
also
encompassed
with
a
Ditch
full
of
Water
,
of
a
Rod
and
a
half
deep
,
and
18
in
breadth
.
An
Entrance
lies
open
into
the
Town
,
only
through
two
Gates
,
each
of
which
is
guarded
with
a
Half-Moon
,
without
any
other
Outworks
,
excepting
a
Cover'd
Way
.
In
the
Year
1663.
this
Fortress
was
taken
by
the
Turks
,
who
lost
two
Bassa's
during
the
Siege
,
together
with
many
other
chief
Commanders
,
and
above
300000
common
Soldiers
.
But
Prince
Charles
of
Lorraine
,
having
taken
a
Resolution
to
attack
it
,
defeated
the
Serasquier
,
who
marched
to
its
Relief
,
on
the
16th
Day
of
August
,
A.
D.
1685.
seizing
at
the
same
Time
on
20
Pieces
of
Cannon
,
divers
Mortars
and
Bombs
,
and
4
Standards
,
so
that
the
Town
was
soon
carried
by
Assault
,
after
a
Siege
of
40
Days
,
and
the
whole
Garrison
put
to
the
Sword
.
About
100
Brass
Cannons
were
then
found
there
,
as
also
a
great
quantity
of
Plate
and
other
Booty
,
amounting
to
the
value
of
above
two
Millions
.
Newhausel
is
distant
36
miles
from
Presburg
to
the
East
,
12
from
Komora
to
the
North
,
and
64
from
Buda
to
the
North-west
.
CASCHAW
,
Cassovia
,
is
seated
on
the
Rivulet
Tareza
,
that
falls
into
the
Teisse
,
being
one
of
the
Royal
Free
Towns
,
and
the
Capital
of
the
County
of
Abamwivar
.
It
is
very
well
fortified
,
and
immediately
governed
by
the
Emperor's
Deputy
,
which
brings
a
great
Resort
of
Persons
of
Quality
thither
,
and
hath
rendered
it
one
of
the
best
built
Towns
in
the
Kingdom
.
Its
Arsenal
is
also
the
most
considerable
in
Hungary
,
and
the
Grand
Church
is
supplied
by
an
Hungarian
and
a
German
Minister
,
who
officiate
by
turns
in
their
own
Languages
,
both
which
are
well
understood
and
ordinarily
spoken
at
Caschaw
,
from
whence
the
Turkish
Territories
are
distant
only
6
German
miles
,
insomuch
that
the
Citizens
are
in
a
manner
continually
alarm'd
and
oblig'd
to
keep
a
constant
Watch
and
Ward
.
The
Air
is
as
pestilential
and
unhealthy
as
in
any
part
of
Hungary
,
which
renders
Strangers
more
subject
to
Distempers
here
than
in
any
of
the
neighbouring
Places
.
Another
Cau●e
of
Diseases
more
rife
here
than
elswhere
may
be
imputed
to
the
badness
of
their
Wine
,
that
hath
a
strong
taste
of
Chalk
or
Lime
,
and
is
often
observed
to
breed
the
Gou●
and
Lameness
in
the
Fingers
and
other
Joynts
.
However
,
the
greatest
Trade
of
the
Inhabitants
consi●●s
in
the
Vending
of
this
Liquor
,
which
tho'
very
noxious
in
these
Parts
,
is
yet
drunk
at
some
distance
,
without
Danger
,
after
having
been
well
clarified
and
refined
.
The
Polanders
,
who
resort
weekly
to
their
Market
,
transport
these
Wines
from
thence
in
great
Quantities
,
and
by
their
constant
Traffick
gave
occasion
to
the
Citizens
of
Caschaw
to
learn
the
Polish
Tongue
as
well
as
the
High-Dutch
and
Hungarian
,
tho'
it
is
not
so
frequently
spoken
by
them
.
The
Town
of
Caschaw
was
regained
by
the
Imperialists
,
A.
D.
1685.
and
stands
86
miles
from
Buda
to
the
North-east
.
TOCKAY
,
Tockavium
,
is
a
strong
Town
and
Citadel
on
the
Banks
of
the
Teisse
,
at
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Tockayg
,
from
whence
it
took
its
Name
.
It
is
also
the
Principal
of
the
County
of
Semlin
,
and
was
seized
by
Count
Teckeley
,
A.
D.
1683.
but
the
Imperial
Forces
retook
it
in
1685.
Near
this
Place
is
to
be
found
a
sort
of
Earth
,
called
Bolus
Tockaviensis
,
known
to
have
as
good
effect
in
Medicinal
Preparations
as
either
Bolus
Armenus
or
Terra
Silesiaca
,
and
on
that
account
much
commended
by
Experience
in
that
Country
.
Temeswar
is
a
large
and
strong
Town
on
the
River
Temes
(
whence
its
Name
is
derived
)
towards
the
Confines
of
Transylvania
,
about
54
mi●●●
from
Belgrade
to
the
North-ea●t
,
75
from
Gre●t
Waradin
to
the
South
,
and
160
from
Buda
to
the
South-east
.
In
the
Year
1552
,
Stephen
de
Lozonzo
,
a
Spanish
Commander
shewed
great
Courage
in
resolutely
defending
this
Fortress
with
a
Garrison
of
his
own
Countrymen
,
until
at
length
two
Renegado
Spaniards
treacherously
discovered
their
Strength
and
Policy
to
the
Turks
,
so
that
they
were
constrained
to
capitulate
,
nevertheless
on
very
honourable
Terms
.
But
as
soon
as
the
Place
was
surrender'd
,
the
Infidels
(
contrary
to
the
Articles
of
Agreement
,
mutually
sign'd
)
cut
off
the
greater
part
of
the
Garrison
,
and
took
the
rest
Prisoners
:
During
the
Slaughter
,
one
valiant
Spaniard
,
well
mounted
and
armed
,
cleared
his
Passage
through
the
Body
of
an
Army
of
4000
Turks
,
and
made
up
to
the
Castle
of
Lippa
,
another
Imperial
Garrison
,
which
he
would
have
certainly
recovered
had
not
his
Horse
unfortunately
leapt
into
a
Bog
,
where
a
Party
of
500
Turks
overtook
him
,
and
cutting
off
his
Head
carried
it
back
to
Mahomet
their
General
.
Ever
since
that
Time
Temeswar
hath
been
the
Seat
of
a
Bassa
,
and
the
Metropolis
of
a
Beglerbegtick
or
Government
,
somewhat
resembling
that
of
a
County
,
bounded
on
the
North
by
Chaunad
and
Transylvania
,
on
the
West
by
the
River
Teisse
,
on
the
South
by
the
Danube
,
and
on
the
East
by
Moldavia
.
The
Turks
have
caused
this
Town
to
be
well
fortified
,
and
esteem
it
impregnable
;
and
indeed
it
is
the
strongest
Hold
now
remaing
in
their
Possession
.
COLOCZA
,
Colocia
,
Coloza
,
&
ad
Statuas
Colossas
,
is
an
ancient
City
on
the
Danube
,
and
the
Capital
of
the
County
of
Bath
.
It
was
formerly
dignified
with
the
Title
of
an
Archbishop's
See
,
but
for
some
Ages
last
past
over-run
with
Mahomenatism
,
being
distant
54
miles
from
Buda
to
the
South-east
,
and
44
from
Zolnock
to
the
South-west
.
This
Place
was
recover'd
from
the
Turks
by
the
Imperialists
,
A.
D.
1686.
Pest
,
Pestum
,
a
large
Town
,
stands
on
the
Eastern
Bank
of
the
Danube
,
over-against
Buda
,
from
whence
you
pass
thither
over
a
fine
Bridge
of
Boats
,
reaching
about
half
an
English
mile
in
length
.
It
is
built
in
a
quadrangular
Form
,
and
by
reason
of
its
fair
Walls
,
and
the
Towers
of
the
Turkish
Mosks
,
affords
a
delightful
Prospect
at
a
distance
.
This
Place
hath
been
often
taken
and
re
taken
both
by
the
Turks
and
Christians
,
but
was
assured
to
the
Emperor
of
Germany
on
the
Conquest
of
Buda
,
A.
D.
1686.
Novigrad
is
a
small
but
very
strong
Town
in
the
County
of
the
same
Name
,
being
defended
by
a
Castle
founded
on
a
Rock
,
and
encompassed
with
a
Moat
34
Feet
deep
,
cut
out
in
the
same
Rock
,
which
renders
it
almost
impregnable
.
In
the
Year
1594.
the
Germans
took
it
from
the
Turks
,
who
retook
it
in
1663
:
But
is
now
again
subject
to
the
Imperial
Jurisdiction
,
situated
at
the
distance
of
16
miles
from
Gran
almost
to
the
East
,
and
22
from
Buda
to
the
North
.
Montgatz
or
Munkatz
,
a
Fortress
of
much
importance
in
the
County
of
Pereczas
,
is
built
on
a
steep
Rock
,
with
a
Borough
at
the
foot
of
it
;
being
well
enclosed
with
a
Ditch
full
of
Water
,
and
surrounded
with
a
large
Morass
,
so
that
the
Fort
seems
to
have
been
first
designed
,
even
by
Nature
it self
:
Three
Castles
are
contained
therein
,
one
above
another
,
the
first
and
highest
commanding
the
second
,
and
the
second
the
third
,
but
all
three
are
encompassed
with
a
Trench
,
wrought
out
of
the
Rock
,
and
three
Bridges
afford
a
Passage
from
one
to
another
.
This
Place
was
for
a
long
time
defended
by
the
Princess
Ragotsky
,
wife
to
Count
Teckeley
,
against
very
considerable
Forces
,
that
were
constrained
to
raise
the
Siege
.
But
at
last
,
after
a
Blockade
of
some
Years
,
not
being
able
to
maintain
her
Troops
,
she
came
to
a
Capitulation
,
A.
D.
1688.
and
surrendred
the
Town
to
the
Emperor
.
Whereupon
she
was
conducted
to
Vienna
with
her
Children
,
and
enjoyn'd
to
live
peaceably
there
,
without
holding
any
Correspondence
for
the
future
with
her
Husband
.
Mongatz
is
distant
126
Miles
from
Buda
to
the
East
,
in
the
Lat
.
of
48
Deg
.
28
Min.
and
the
Long
.
of
43
Deg
.
8
Min.
WARADIN
,
or
Great
Waradin
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Kerez
,
in
the
Confines
of
Transylvania
,
to
which
Principality
it
appertained
of
later
Times
,
bearing
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Colocza
.
It
is
well
fortified
,
with
a
strong
Castle
on
the
East-side
,
and
firm
Ramparts
,
beside
5
Royal
Bastions
and
a
regular
Ditch
,
that
may
be
supplyed
on
occasion
with
the
River-water
.
Within
appears
another
Enclosure
,
consisting
of
some
Bastions
and
a
high
Wall
,
to
serve
,
as
it
were
,
instead
of
a
Citadel
.
In
the
Year
1290.
Ladislaus
King
of
Hungary
built
the
Cathedral
Church
,
and
the
City
was
taken
by
the
Crim
Tartars
in
1642.
who
quitted
it
soon
after
:
In
1662.
it
submitted
to
the
Turkish
Arms
,
but
was
recovered
by
the
Imperialists
,
after
a
memorable
Siege
and
Blockade
,
in
1692.
BUDA
,
Buda
aut
Aquincum
,
call'd
also
Offen
by
the
Germans
,
and
Buden
by
the
Turks
,
anciently
and
still
reckoned
the
Capital
City
of
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Hungary
,
took
its
Name
probably
from
Buda
,
King
Attila's
Brother
,
its
Restorer
,
or
(
according
to
the
Opinion
of
others
)
from
the
Budini
a
Scythian
People
mention'd
by
Herodotus
.
It
is
of
a
very
large
compass
,
rich
and
well
fortified
,
being
advantagiously
seated
on
a
Mountain
,
and
the
Right-side
Bank
of
the
River
Danube
,
over-against
the
Town
of
Pest
,
whereto
it
is
joyn'd
with
a
large
Bridge
of
Boats
,
at
the
distance
of
35
German
miles
from
Belgrad
●o
the
North
,
32
from
Vienna
to
the
West
,
11
from
Gran
,
as
many
from
Alba
Regalis
or
Stul
.
Wessemburg
(
with
which
two
last
Places
it
forms
a
Triangle
)
and
40
from
Cracow
.
It
is
guarded
with
a
strong
Castle
,
and
was
heretofore
the
Royal
Seat
of
the
Kings
of
Hungary
,
as
also
afterward
of
●he
Turkish
Lieutenants
or
Vice-Roys
.
It
was
very
much
enlarged
and
adorned
with
stately
publick
Edifices
by
the
Liberality
of
Sigismund
King
of
Hungary
,
who
was
crown'd
in
the
Year
1387.
and
afterward
elected
Emperor
.
The
same
Prince
,
in
like
manner
erected
the
Fortress
or
Castle
,
wherein
his
Successors
usually
kept
their
Court
,
and
a
magnificent
Hall
or
Palace
,
after
the
Italian
Mode
.
Some
noble
remains
of
these
Fabricks
,
were
to
be
seen
in
the
Time
of
Bu●bequius
,
and
indeed
this
City
hath
been
justly
esteem'd
as
the
fairest
in
the
Kingdom
,
before
it
fell
into
the
possession
of
the
Turks
,
who
(
according
to
their
accustomed
Negligence
)
suffer
the
most
sumptuous
Buildings
to
fall
to
decay
and
utter
Ruin
.
The
lower
part
of
the
City
call'd
Wasserstadt
,
or
Town
of
Jews
,
extends
it self
,
as
it
were
a
Suburbs
,
from
the
Upper
to
the
River
Danube
,
and
the
Upper
is
built
on
the
declivity
of
the
Mountain
,
being
encompassed
with
strong
Walls
,
on
which
are
erected
several
Towers
,
at
certain
Distances
,
after
the
ancient
manner
of
Fortification
.
The
Castle
stands
on
a
Hill
,
commanding
the
greater
part
of
the
Town
,
and
hath
for
its
De●ence
a
very
deep
Ditch
,
divers
old
Towers
and
some
modern
Ramparts
.
The
Baths
of
Buda
are
reported
to
be
the
noblest
in
Europe
,
not
only
on
the
account
of
the
plentiful
and
hot
Springs
,
but
also
for
the
Magnificence
of
their
Buildings
.
They
are
8
in
number
,
being
appointed
for
Men
in
the
Morning
and
Women
in
the
Afternoon
;
the
chiefest
of
these
is
that
of
Velebey
,
having
a
strong
Sulphurous
Smell
and
Petrifying
Juice
;
but
it
is
so
intensely
hot
,
that
to
make
it
tolerable
a
mixture
of
cold
Water
is
usually
thrown
into
it
.
This
famous
City
was
taken
by
Solyman
II
.
Emperor
of
the
Turks
,
A.
D.
1526.
who
was
forced
to
surrender
it
in
the
ensuing
Year
to
Ferdinand
Archduke
of
Austria
.
In
1529.
the
same
Solyman
made
himself
Master
thereof
a
second
Time
(
the
Garrison
having
sustained
11
Assaults
)
and
restored
it
to
the
Vayvode
of
Transylvania
,
who
had
lost
it
before
.
However
,
it
was
attack'd
again
by
Ferdinand
in
1540
,
and
1541.
when
Solyman
marching
a
third
Time
to
its
Relief
,
raised
the
Siege
,
and
surpriz'd
the
Place
by
Stratagem
,
on
the
2d
Day
of
September
.
The
Archduke
Matthias
attempted
to
besiege
it
in
1598
,
and
1601.
but
both
these
Enterprizes
proved
ineffectual
.
At
length
the
late
most
valiant
Prince
Charles
Duke
of
Lorrain
,
having
in
vain
beleaguer'd
the
City
in
1684.
reinvested
it
with
the
Imperial
and
auxillary
Forces
,
on
the
15th
Day
of
June
1686.
and
wrested
it
out
of
the
Hands
of
the
Infidels
,
after
a
Siege
of
about
2
Months
and
an
half
.
GRAN
,
Strigonium
,
the
Chief
City
of
a
County
of
the
same
Name
,
and
the
See
of
an
Archbishop
,
is
situated
in
the
Lower
Hungary
,
on
the
South-Side
of
the
Danube
,
near
its
confluence
with
the
River
Gran
,
over-against
the
Town
of
Barchan
,
which
is
properly
one
of
its
Suburbs
.
The
City
it self
is
divided
into
2
Parts
,
viz.
the
Upper
,
standing
on
the
foot
of
a
Hill
,
and
the
Lower
,
extended
along
the
Banks
of
the
Danube
,
and
fenced
with
a
strong
Fort
,
built
on
the
Hill
of
S.
Thomas
.
So
that
an
Enemy
has
in
a
manner
3
distinct
Towns
to
take
ere
he
can
become
Master
of
Gran
.
This
City
was
heretofore
the
Seat
of
the
ancient
Kings
of
Hungary
,
and
●s
as
yet
beautified
with
many
magnificent
Buildings
,
particularly
the
Castle
,
the
Cathedral
Church
dedicated
to
S.
Stephen
,
and
the
Palace
of
the
Archbishop
,
who
is
usually
styled
Primate
,
Chancellor
and
President
of
the
Royal
Council
.
Here
are
also
to
be
seen
two
large
Towers
,
viz.
one
towards
Thonesberg
,
and
the
other
facing
the
River
over-against
Barcan
:
These
are
joyned
together
by
a
Wall
,
fortified
with
divers
Redouts
and
a
Ditch
,
flanked
with
hewn
Stone
,
besides
a
Terrass
,
environed
with
strong
Pallisadoes
and
4
great
Points
instead
of
Ravelins
.
The
adjacent
Country
is
extremely
fruitful
,
affording
considerable
quantities
of
generous
Wines
;
to
say
nothing
of
the
Advantage
the
Inhabitants
receive
from
several
Temperate
Baths
within
the
Town
.
The
City
of
Gran
was
taken
by
Solyman
II
.
in
the
Year
1543.
and
in
vain
besieged
with
50000
Men
by
Matthias
Archduke
of
Austria
,
in
1574.
However
,
the
Imperialists
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Count
Mansfield
,
beleaguered
it
again
in
1595.
and
routed
14000
Turks
,
altho'
their
General
dyed
soon
after
.
But
the
Arch-Duke
Matthias
continued
the
Siege
with
great
Vigor
,
until
the
Infidels
were
compelled
to
surrender
on
certain
Conditions
.
At
that
Time
Sir
Thomas
Arundel
of
Wardour
Castle
in
Wiltshire
,
signalized
his
Valour
with
so
much
Bravery
,
that
he
stormed
the
Water-Tower
,
and
took
from
thence
the
Turkish
Banner
,
with
his
own
Hands
:
Whereupon
the
Emperor
Rodolphus
,
to
make
him
some
Recompence
for
this
notable
Piece
of
Service
,
created
him
a
Count
of
the
Empire
,
and
King
James
I.
not
long
after
,
advanc'd
him
to
the
Style
and
Dignity
of
Lord
Arundel
of
Wardour
;
both
which
honourable
Titles
are
retain'd
by
his
Successors
at
this
Day
.
Mahomet
III
.
laid
Siege
to
the
same
Place
in
1606.
and
reduced
it
to
his
Obedience
.
But
the
Imperial
Forces
retook
it
in
1683.
after
they
had
forced
the
Turkish
Camp
before
Vienna
,
and
with
the
Assistance
of
the
Polanders
had
discomfited
the
remainder
of
their
Army
near
the
Village
of
Barcan
.
Lastly
,
the
Turks
having
invested
it
again
in
1685.
were
repulsed
with
great
Loss
,
and
at
length
entirely
defeated
by
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
and
the
Elector
of
Bavaria
.
S.
Stephen
,
the
first
Christian
King
of
Hungary
,
was
born
at
Gran
,
Stephen
III
.
dyed
there
,
and
the
Emperor
Albert
likewise
expir'd
in
the
neighbouring
Territory
,
A.
D.
1440.
Stuhl-Weissemburg
,
or
Alba
Regalis
,
call'd
Stolni
Biograd
by
the
Sclavonians
,
and
Ekekeis
Feierwa
by
the
Hungarians
,
is
remarkable
for
its
situation
in
the
midst
of
an
inaccessible
Marsh
or
Fen
,
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Sarwitze
,
near
the
Lake
Calaton
,
between
the
Danube
and
the
Drave
,
about
40
miles
from
Buda
to
the
South-west
,
110
from
Vienna
to
the
South-east
,
and
180
from
Belgrade
to
the
North-west
.
This
Town
is
well
fortified
with
3
Bastions
and
2
other
Works
on
one
Side
,
the
other
being
sufficiently
cover'd
by
the
Morass
,
and
joyned
to
the
firm
Land
by
3
broad
Causeys
.
It
hath
been
heretofore
famous
both
for
the
usual
Coronation
and
Interment
of
the
Kings
of
Hungary
,
but
was
taken
by
the
Turks
A.
D.
1543.
and
recovered
out
of
their
Hands
by
the
Duke
of
Merc●eur
,
in
1601.
However
,
those
Infidels
made
themselves
Masters
thereof
again
in
the
Year
ensuing
,
and
caused
40
of
the
Inhabitants
to
be
impal'd
,
for
a
Design
to
have
betrayed
it
to
the
Christians
.
On
the
18th
Day
of
May
,
A.
D.
1688.
it
surrendred
to
the
Imperialists
,
and
one
of
the
Gates
was
put
into
their
Hands
till
the
Emperor
ratified
the
Treaty
under
the
great
Seal
of
the
Empire
.
Thus
having
spent
3
Days
in
making
Provision
for
their
Departure
,
they
marched
out
on
the
20th
of
May
,
about
4000
Persons
,
but
not
above
700
bearing
Arms.
At
that
Time
34
Pieces
of
Cannon
were
found
in
the
Town
,
besides
great
quantities
of
Arms
and
Ammunition
,
but
very
little
of
Provisions
.
K●mara
,
Komora
,
or
Komorra
,
Comorra
,
a
very
strong
and
populous
Town
,
is
seated
on
the
southern
Corner
of
the
Island
Schutt
,
almost
encompassed
with
the
Rivers
Danube
and
Waag
,
and
a
deep
Lake
toward
the
West
,
in
a
Champion
and
Fertile
Country
,
so
that
from
the
Top
of
its
highest
Towers
one
may
take
a
view
of
many
Turkish
Forts
in
the
Neighbourhood
.
It
was
well
fortified
by
Matthias
Corvinus
,
King
of
Hungary
,
A.
D.
1472.
and
became
the
chiefest
Bulwark
of
Christendom
against
the
Turks
,
after
the
loss
of
Gran
,
in
1543.
And
indeed
the
Emperor
hath
always
maintained
there
a
good
Garrison
,
under
the
Command
of
a
faithful
Governour
;
one
of
whom
in
the
last
Age
,
styled
the
Baron
Braon
,
more
especially
signalized
his
Valour
and
Fidelity
;
for
when
after
the
taking
of
Raab
or
Javarin
,
in
1591.
Sinan
Bassa
besieg'd
Comora
with
60
Vessels
and
a
vast
multitude
of
Turks
and
Tartars
,
endeavouring
also
at
the
same
Time
to
corrupt
him
,
he
beheaded
4
of
the
5
Turks
dispatched
to
him
on
that
Errand
,
and
sent
back
the
5th
to
carry
the
sad
News
to
their
Master
,
and
to
certifie
him
,
That
Traytors
were
no
longer
to
be
bought
for
Mony
;
insomuch
that
at
length
,
after
a
great
Slaughter
of
the
Tartars
,
the
Turkish
Bassa
was
forced
shamefully
to
raise
the
Siege
and
retreat
.
Since
that
Time
the
Town
hath
been
enlarged
and
better
strengthned
with
a
regular
Fort
,
call'd
the
Tortoise
,
and
four
Bastions
,
erected
on
a
Line
,
drawn
from
the
Southern
to
the
Northern
Branch
of
the
Danube
.
It
is
distant
12
miles
from
Newhausel
to
the
South
,
15
from
Javarin
to
the
North-east
,
38
from
Presburg
almost
to
the
East
,
54
from
Buda
to
the
North-west
,
and
74
from
Vienna
almost
to
the
East
.
ALTENBURG
,
Ovaria
,
a
very
strong
Town
and
Fortress
on
the
Danube
,
near
its
confluence
with
the
River
Leytha
,
in
the
County
of
Muzon
,
about
18
miles
from
Presburg
almost
to
the
South
,
and
50
from
Vienna
to
the
East
.
It
is
commonly
call'd
Owar
by
the
Hungarians
,
who
esteem
it
the
best
Fence
the
Austrians
have
against
the
Turks
,
and
the
most
considerable
Out-work
to
the
City
of
Vienna
.
Five-Churches
,
or
Funff-Kirken
(
according
to
the
German
dialect
,
)
Quinque
Ecclesiae
,
takes
its
Name
from
5
fair
Christian
Churches
,
which
,
(
as
many
others
in
this
Kingdom
)
have
been
turn'd
into
Turkish
Mosques
.
Count
Serini
burnt
this
Town
in
his
Return
from
Esseck
,
and
destroyed
therein
9
stately
Turkish
Temples
cover'd
with
Lead
.
Some
Antiquaries
affirm
it
to
be
the
Teutoburgium
mention'd
by
Antoninus
,
altho'
others
with
greater
probability
,
fix
that
old
Roman
Fort
at
Erdwdy
,
a
Hamlet
on
the
Mouth
of
the
Drave
.
The
Town
of
Five-Churches
is
a
Place
of
no
very
great
Strength
,
watered
with
the
Streams
of
the
River
Keoritz
,
at
the
distance
of
12
miles
from
those
of
the
Drave
,
as
also
32
from
Zigeth
to
the
North-east
,
and
49
almost
to
the
North
of
Posega
.
RAAB
or
Javarin
,
Arrhabo
aut
Javarinum
,
a
small
City
of
the
Lower
Hungary
,
dignified
with
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Gran
,
is
situated
on
the
Right-side
Branch
of
the
River
Danube
,
where
it
receives
into
its
Channel
the
Waters
of
the
Raab
,
about
5
Hungarian
miles
from
Komora
to
the
West
,
8
from
Gran
,
10
from
Presburg
,
14
from
Stuhl-Weissemburg
to
the
North
,
and
16
from
Vienna
to
the
South-east
.
It
is
a
strong
Frontier
Bulwark
against
the
Turks
,
fortified
with
7
large
Bastions
and
4
Cavaliers
,
or
high
Mounts
over-looking
them
.
The
Country
round
about
it
is
Champagne
,
and
nothing
seems
to
command
it
excepting
a
small
Hill
,
at
some
distance
,
which
is
undermined
,
and
may
be
blown
up
at
Pleasure
.
Somewhat
further
stands
a
Watch-Tower
,
in
the
open
Fields
,
from
whence
the
Approach
of
an
Enemy
may
be
easily
discover'd
.
Sinan
Bassa
besieg'd
this
City
,
and
at
one
Attack
lost
12000
Men
before
it
;
but
at
last
it
fell
into
the
Hands
of
the
Turks
,
A.
D.
1591.
through
the
Treachery
of
Count
Hardeck
its
Governour
,
who
was
afterward
beheaded
at
Vienna
for
the
same
Fact
.
However
,
in
1606.
Count
Swartzenburg
,
then
Governour
of
Komora
,
surpriz'd
it
by
a
notable
Stratagem
;
altho'
the
French
Historians
attribute
the
whole
Glory
of
that
Exploit
to
Monsieur
de
Vaubecourt
or
Vandrecourt
,
one
of
their
Countrymen
;
since
which
Time
it
hath
remain'd
in
the
Emperor's
Possession
.
The
City
of
Raab
hath
been
not
long
since
honour'd
with
the
government
of
the
famous
General
Montecuculi
,
who
usually
resided
there
,
when
he
had
any
Leisure
from
his
Military
Expeditions
.
George
Drascovitz
,
Bishop
of
this
Diocess
,
convened
a
Synod
at
Raab
,
A.
D.
1579.
and
the
Decrees
of
it
have
been
since
published
.
Vesprin
or
Weisbrun
in
High-Dutch
,
is
the
Metropolis
of
a
considerable
County
of
the
same
Name
,
and
the
See
of
a
Prelate
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Strigonium
or
Gran
.
It
is
built
near
the
Banks
of
the
River
Sarwitza
,
and
distant
13
miles
from
Alba
Regalis
to
the
West
,
as
also
53
from
Buda
.
This
City
was
taken
by
the
Turks
in
the
Year
1593.
But
the
Imperialists
have
since
made
themselves
Masters
thereof
,
and
it
is
still
subject
to
the
Emperour's
Jurisdiction
.
SIGETH
or
Zygeth
,
Salina
,
a
strong
Town
situated
in
a
Morass
,
near
the
River
Alme
,
44
miles
from
Alba
Regalis
to
the
South
,
64
from
Canisa
to
the
East
,
and
74
from
Buda
to
the
South-west
.
It
is
fortif●ed
with
a
well-built
Castle
,
besides
3
Ditches
and
as
many
Walls
.
Solyman
II
.
Emperor
of
the
Turks
died
before
this
Place
in
the
Year
1566.
on
the
4th
Day
of
September
,
being
the
2d
Month
of
the
Siege
,
and
it
was
taken
3
Days
after
,
notwithstanding
the
brave
Defence
against
the
Turkish
Army
,
made
by
Nicolas
Esdrin
,
Count
of
Serini
,
its
Valiant
Governour
,
who
perish'd
with
his
Guard
of
200
Men
,
resolutely
encountring
the
whole
Body
of
the
Ottoman
Forces
.
Whereupon
his
Head
was
exposed
to
publick
View
for
one
Day
in
their
Camp
,
and
afterward
sent
in
derision
to
the
Emperor
Maximilian
.
But
the
Imperialists
recovered
this
important
Fortress
on
the
15th
Day
of
January
,
1688.
and
found
therein
85
Pieces
of
Cannon
.
There
is
also
another
Town
of
the
same
Name
in
Transylvania
,
near
the
Spring-head
of
the
River
Tibiscus
or
Teisse
.
CANISA
or
Canischa
,
Canisia
,
is
one
of
the
strongest
Holds
of
these
Parts
,
being
advantagiously
seated
on
the
River
Sala
,
between
the
Lake
Balaton
and
the
River
Drave
,
at
the
distance
scarcely
of
1
mile
from
the
Frontiers
of
Stiria
to
the
East
,
68
from
Alba-Regalis
to
the
South-west
,
94
from
Vienna
and
106
from
Buda
.
It
fell
into
the
Hands
of
the
Turks
,
A.
D.
1600.
altho'
the
Imperialists
used
all
possible
means
for
its
Defence
.
In
the
ensuing
Year
it
was
invested
by
the
Archduke
of
Austria
,
from
the
beginning
of
September
to
the
end
of
October
,
but
his
Attempts
were
frustrated
.
In
1604
Count
Serini
laid
Siege
to
the
same
Place
,
and
had
certainly
carried
it
if
timely
Succours
had
been
sent
to
him
.
But
on
the
30th
day
of
June
,
A.
D.
1688.
the
Count
de
Budiani
set
down
before
it
with
a
Body
of
6000
Hungarians
and
2000
Heydukes
,
so
that
the
Blockade
continued
till
April
13th
1690.
when
,
conformably
to
a
Capitulation
ratified
by
the
Emperor
,
the
Keys
of
the
Gates
,
hanging
on
a
Golden
Chain
,
were
delivered
to
the
said
Count
by
a
Turkish
Officer
,
with
these
Words
,
I
herewith
consign
into
your
Hands
the
strongest
Fortress
in
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
The
Imperialists
found
therein
great
store
of
large
Artillery
,
taken
heretofore
from
the
Christians
,
and
some
with
old
German
Inscriptions
.
Mohatz
,
a
small
Town
between
Colocza
and
the
Confluence
of
the
Drave
and
the
Danube
,
4
German
miles
from
either
,
and
6
from
Esseck
to
the
North-west
.
It
is
chiefly
noted
for
2
memorable
Battels
fought
near
it
,
viz.
the
first
between
Solyman
the
Magnificent
,
Emperor
of
the
Turks
,
and
Lewes
or
Ludowic
II
.
King
of
Hungary
,
during
which
(
the
later
young
Prince
having
boldly
adventured
to
engage
300000
Turks
,
with
a
Body
of
20000
Men
,
on
the
29th
Day
of
October
,
A.
D.
1526.
)
a
vast
number
of
his
Nobility
,
with
many
Archbishops
and
Bishops
,
were
slain
in
the
Field
.
The
King
endeavouring
to
make
his
Escape
by
Flight
,
over
the
Brook
Curass
,
rode
into
a
Bog
;
where
being
over-loaded
with
Armour
,
he
unfortunately
perish'd
,
in
the
20th
Year
of
his
Age
;
but
his
Body
being
found
about
2
Months
after
,
was
honourably
inter'd
at
Stuhl-Weissemburg
.
After
this
Defeat
Solyman
took
and
slew
200000
Hungarians
,
and
got
such
Footing
in
their
Country
,
that
neither
he
nor
his
Successors
could
ever
as
yet
be
entirely
expelled
.
The
second
Engagement
here
may
well
be
supposed
in
some
measure
to
compensate
the
Loss
and
Disgrace
of
the
former
;
for
on
the
29th
Day
of
July
1687.
the
Prime
Visier
,
having
passed
the
Drave
at
Esseck
,
with
a
design
to
attack
the
Christian
Army
under
the
command
of
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
,
on
August
12th
there
followed
a
bloody
Battle
,
w●erein
the
Turks
lost
on
the
spot
about
8000
men
,
together
with
100
Pieces
of
Cannon
,
12
Mortars
,
all
their
Ammunition
,
Provisions
,
Tents
,
Baggage
and
Treasure
,
besides
those
drown'd
in
the
River
,
the
certain
number
of
whom
could
never
be
known
.
Sirmisch
or
Zirmach
,
Sirmium
,
call'd
Szreim
by
the
Hungarians
,
was
heretofore
the
Metropolis
of
Pannonia
Inferior
,
and
afterward
dignified
with
a
Bishop's
See
;
but
is
now
reduced
by
the
Turks
to
a
poor
Village
,
being
distant
14
German
miles
from
Belgrade
to
the
West
,
2
from
the
River
Save
to
the
North
,
and
as
many
from
Esseck
.
This
City
was
sometime
the
Seat
of
the
Praefectus
Praetorio
Illyrii
,
before
the
Division
of
the
Roman
Empire
,
and
hath
been
often
honoured
with
the
personal
Residence
of
many
of
the
Emperors
,
by
which
means
it
was
made
the
Stage
of
many
memorable
Actions
.
Here
Vetranio
or
Betranio
assumed
the
Imperial
Diadem
,
and
was
proclaimed
Emperor
by
the
Illyrian
Soldiers
,
but
being
afterward
deserted
by
his
Promoters
,
was
obliged
to
submit
to
Constantius
the
Son
of
Constantine
the
Great
.
Moreover
Sirmisch
gave
Birth
to
the
Emperor
Gratian
Son
of
Valentinian
II
.
and
a
Council
was
there
held
against
Photius
Bishop
of
this
Diocess
,
who
renewed
the
Errors
of
Sabellius
,
derogatory
to
the
Divine
Nature
of
Jesus
Christ
,
which
Tenents
being
as
well
repugnant
to
the
Doctrine
of
the
Arian
,
as
Orthodox
Prelates
,
were
condemned
by
both
Parties
,
A.
C.
356.
Constantius
himself
being
then
present
.
Afterward
another
Synod
was
convened
in
the
same
Place
by
the
Arians
,
where
they
published
a
Confession
of
Faith
,
omitting
the
Word
Consubstantialis
,
in
357.
PETER-WARADIN
,
or
Petro-Waradin
,
Acuminium
aut
Petro
Varadinum
,
is
situated
on
the
Southern
Banks
of
the
Danube
,
between
the
Save
and
the
Drave
in
the
Country
of
ancient
Sirmium
or
Sirmisch
,
and
hath
been
very
famous
during
the
present
War
.
The
Turks
made
it
their
common
Passage
into
the
Upper
Hungary
,
after
the
taking
of
Buda
by
the
Imperial
Forces
,
and
for
that
end
kept
a
Bridge
of
Boats
near
this
Town
,
over
the
Danube
.
Here
also
happen'd
a
violent
Uproar
and
Revolt
against
the
Grand
Visier
,
after
the
Battle
of
Mohatz
,
so
that
he
was
constrained
to
make
his
Escape
to
Belgrade
,
and
thence
to
Constantinople
.
It
hath
been
since
taken
and
regained
by
both
Parties
.
The
Imperialists
dismantled
its
Fortifications
in
the
Year
1688.
and
the
Town
it self
was
burnt
down
a
little
after
by
the
Turks
.
But
the
Emperor
gave
Orders
in
1691.
for
the
re-fortifying
thereof
,
and
intends
to
make
it
a
Place
of
great
Strength
.
It
is
distant
32
miles
from
Belgrade
to
the
North-west
,
and
36
from
Esseck
to
the
South-east
.
Esseck
is
a
Place
of
much
Antiquity
,
and
suppos'd
to
be
the
same
with
the
old
Roman
Mursa
;
which
Conjecture
seems
to
receive
some
Confirmation
from
part
of
an
ancient
Latin
Inscription
,
as
yet
to
be
seen
on
one
Side
of
the
Gate
,
wherein
is
read
the
Emperor
AElian's
Name
in
fair
Characters
,
and
a
Man's
Head
in
Stone
set
up
on
the
other
.
It
is
a
large
and
populous
Town
,
by
reason
of
its
Traffick
,
proceeding
from
the
Convenience
of
the
Passage
;
nevertheless
its
Situation
is
low
,
and
the
Streets
are
generally
plank'd
with
Trees
,
according
to
the
Observation
of
the
learned
Dr.
Brown
;
neither
is
it
very
strong
,
altho'
the
Turks
have
taken
much
Pains
and
laid
out
no
small
Expences
in
repairing
its
Fortifications
,
so
that
it
hath
been
of
great
Note
in
the
Present
War
between
them
and
the
Imperialists
.
In
the
Neighbourhood
of
this
Place
Magnentius
the
Usurper
and
Murderer
of
Constantine
II
.
was
defeated
by
Constantius
,
A.
C.
359.
and
Lewes
II
.
the
young
King
of
Hungary
,
in
like
manner
routed
by
Solyman
II
.
in
1526.
But
that
which
is
now
chiefly
remarkable
here
is
the
famous
Wooden
Bridge
,
8585
Geometrical
Paces
long
and
17
broad
,
running
partly
over
the
Drave
and
partly
over
a
spacious
Marsh
and
the
River-Fens
,
from
hence
to
the
Foot
of
Darda
.
It
was
erected
by
Solyman
the
Magnificent
in
1521.
after
he
had
taken
Belgrade
,
and
is
extended
(
as
it
hath
been
already
observed
)
about
5
English
miles
in
length
,
and
its
breadth
is
so
great
that
4
Wagons
may
pass
over
it
abreast
;
being
also
curiously
rail'd
in
on
both
Sides
,
and
adorn'd
with
fair
Watch-Towers
at
every
quarter
of
a
mile
,
so
that
on
a
view
of
its
whole
Fabrick
,
the
Wooden-Towers
,
Rails
and
Floor
,
together
with
their
numerous
Supporters
,
one
cannot
but
admire
that
the
Country
should
afford
Oaken
Timber
sufficient
either
to
Build
or
maintain
it
.
By
this
Bridge
the
Turkish
Forces
were
wont
to
march
between
Hungary
and
Constantinople
,
but
Count
Nicolas
Serini
burnt
part
thereof
,
A.
D.
1664.
to
hinder
fresh
Supplies
from
coming
to
the
Grand
Visiers
Army
,
insomuch
that
the
Turks
were
afterward
oblig'd
to
rebuild
it
a
little
nearer
the
Danube
,
because
the
remainder
of
the
Timber
that
was
preserv'd
in
the
Water
could
not
be
pluck'd
up
without
great
Charges
and
Difficulty
.
Count
Lesly
set
Fire
thereto
a
second
Time
,
in
1685.
and
took
Possession
of
the
Town
of
Esseck
,
but
the
Castle
holding
out
,
he
blew
up
their
Magazines
,
and
having
pillaged
the
Town
,
decamped
from
those
Parts
.
In
1686.
the
Turks
began
to
repair
the
Bridge
after
another
manner
,
viz.
by
driving
Rows
of
Trees
and
Stakes
into
the
Ground
,
and
filling
up
the
void
Spaces
with
Earth
.
However
,
the
Duke
of
Lorraine
destroyed
it
the
next
Year
,
drove
the
Ottoman
Troops
over
the
Drave
,
and
in
a
few
Days
entirely
demolish'd
those
Works
,
that
8000
Men
had
been
many
Months
in
raising
.
After
the
unfortunate
taking
of
Belgrade
by
the
Turks
,
in
October
1690.
they
sat
down
with
an
Army
of
15000
Men
before
this
Place
,
but
were
constrained
to
retire
without
accomplishing
their
Design
.
It
is
distant
65
miles
from
Belgrade
to
the
North-west
,
and
100
from
Buda
to
the
South-east
.
TURKY
in
Europe
.
CHAP.
I.
TURKY
in
EUROPE
,
Turcica
Ditio
in
Europa
.
map of Ottoman Empire
TURKY
IN
EUROPE
.
THE
Turkish
Empire
was
founded
by
Ottoman
or
Osman
I.
about
the
Year
of
our
Lord
1298.
or
1300.
according
to
the
Opinion
of
others
,
and
its
Seat
was
at
first
established
at
Prusa
or
Beruss
in
Bithynia
,
which
in
process
of
Time
,
after
that
those
Infidels
had
made
divers
Incursions
into
Europe
,
was
translated
to
Adrianople
,
and
at
length
to
Constantinople
.
It
is
probable
that
the
Turks
are
descended
of
the
Scythians
,
who
inhabited
the
Circassian
Mountains
between
the
Euxine
and
Caspian
Seas
,
being
a
Vagabond
sort
of
People
,
and
for
the
most
part
Shepherds
,
until
they
invaded
Asia
the
Less
,
and
carried
their
victorious
Arms
very
far
,
throughout
that
Country
.
However
,
within
this
vast
Empire
are
now
comprehended
many
Kingdoms
and
Provinces
in
Europe
,
Asia
and
Africa
,
for
the
Emperor
of
the
Turks
is
Soveraign
Lord
of
a
Continent
,
extended
from
Aden
,
the
Capital
City
of
Arabia
the
Happy
,
as
far
as
above
the
Palus
Moeotis
for
the
space
of
about
700
Leagues
from
South
to
North
,
and
800
from
West
to
East
,
viz.
from
the
Western
Limits
of
the
Kingdom
of
Alger
,
which
is
Tributary
to
him
,
as
far
as
Balsora
on
the
Persian
Gulph
,
wherein
are
included
25
Governments
in
Europe
,
17
in
Asia
and
1
in
Africa
:
But
I
shall
here
only
give
an
account
of
the
Possessions
of
this
potent
Monarch
in
Europe
,
and
Treat
of
the
two
other
Parts
in
the
Description
of
Africa
.
Turky
in
Europe
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Poland
and
Hungary
,
on
the
South
by
the
Mediterranean-Sea
,
on
the
East
by
that
of
Zaback
or
Palus
Maeotis
,
the
Euxine
or
Black-Sea
,
the
Sea
of
Marmora
and
the
Archipelago
.
It
is
extended
from
South
to
North
for
the
Space
of
about
300
Leagues
,
viz.
from
Cape
Matapan
on
the
Southern
Coasts
of
the
Morea
as
far
as
the
Frontiers
of
Northern
Hungary
,
toward
the
Vistula
,
and
from
the
35th
Degree
to
the
50
of
Latitude
,
as
also
about
440
Leagues
from
West
to
East
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
Canisa
in
Hungary
to
the
utmost
Limits
of
Eastern
Tartary
,
from
the
40th
Degree
to
the
75th
of
Longitude
.
But
the
greater
part
of
Hungary
and
the
Morea
hath
been
recovered
by
the
Christians
during
the
late
Wars
,
which
hath
much
diminished
the
Extent
of
the
Turkish
Dominions
.
The
Air
is
Gentle
and
Temperate
,
more
or
less
according
to
the
Situation
of
the
several
Countries
,
and
the
Soil
in
like
manner
fruitful
,
with
respect
to
the
different
Places
of
this
Empire
,
as
it
shall
be
shewn
in
the
Description
of
every
particular
Province
.
The
most
remarkable
Rivers
are
,
1.
The
Danube
,
that
separates
Valachia
and
Moldavia
from
Servia
and
Bulgaria
;
and
afterward
flowing
in
2
or
3
distinct
Streams
,
dischargeth
it self
into
the
Black
Sea
.
2.
The
Teisse
or
Tibisc
,
which
taking
its
Rise
,
and
continuing
its
entire
Course
through
Hungary
;
at
length
falls
into
the
Danube
,
which
likewise
receives
into
its
Channel
the
Waters
3.
of
the
Drave
,
and
4.
of
the
Save
,
the
former
dividing
Sclavonia
from
Hungary
,
and
the
other
serving
as
the
Boundary
between
the
same
Country
and
that
of
Bosnia
.
5.
The
Mariza
,
the
Source
and
Streams
whereof
water
Romania
,
where
it
runs
into
the
Archipelago
,
after
having
passed
through
the
Cities
of
Philippoli
,
Adrianople
and
Trajan●ple
:
But
the
Rivers
on
the
Southern
Side
are
not
so
considerable
.
There
are
also
divers
large
Gulphs
,
viz.
those
of
Contessa
,
Caridia
,
Montesanto
,
Ajomana
,
Saloniki
,
Aumiro
,
Angia
,
Napoli
,
Coron
,
Arcadia
and
Lepanto
,
famous
for
the
memorable
Battle
which
the
Christians
gain'd
over
the
Turks
,
A.
D.
1571.
The
Turks
are
naturally
Ambitious
,
yet
Clownish
,
Slothful
and
addicted
to
Gluttony
:
However
,
they
are
Courteous
to
Strangers
and
Travellers
,
and
notwithstanding
their
rude
Behaviour
,
readily
expose
themselves
to
Dangers
;
altho
indeed
they
are
only
reputed
to
be
valiant
Soldiers
,
and
endeavour
to
terrifie
their
Enemies
with
hideous
Outcries
.
They
cause
Hospitals
to
be
built
for
the
Entertaining
of
Travellers
,
and
even
bequeath
Legacies
to
their
Horses
and
Dogs
,
to
the
End
that
they
may
subsist
without
Labour
.
The
Use
of
Wine
is
prohibited
by
their
Law
,
nevertheless
they
make
no
Difficulty
to
quaff
it
off
to
Excess
,
during
the
Night
or
in
Private
,
but
when
convicted
of
such
a
Crime
,
are
severely
punished
.
The
Liquors
that
serve
for
their
ordinary
Drink
are
,
Sherbet
,
Coffee
,
Hassap
and
Poscet
.
In
fine
,
they
are
permitted
to
marry
as
many
Wives
as
they
can
conveniently
maintain
,
and
are
usually
attended
with
Eunuchs
.
The
Subjects
,
Tributaries
and
Allies
of
the
Grand
Signior
are
of
different
Religions
;
for
the
greater
part
of
them
adhere
to
that
of
the
Greek
Church
,
some
profess
the
Roman
Catholick
,
others
the
reform'd
,
being
either
Lutherans
or
Calvinists
,
others
embrace
the
Doctrine
of
Mahomet
,
and
lastly
others
that
of
the
Jews
,
who
are
dispersed
through
divers
Places
of
the
Empire
.
The
principal
Points
of
the
Alcoran
or
Turkish
Faith
consist
in
adoring
one
God
,
in
acknowleding
Mahomet
as
his
chief
Prophet
,
in
esteeming
Jesus
Christ
as
a
great
Prophet
,
in
Circumcising
Persons
in
the
12th
Year
of
their
Age
,
in
observing
every
Year
a
Fast
for
the
Space
of
a
Month
;
in
prohibiting
the
Use
of
Wine
,
as
also
the
eating
of
the
Flesh
of
Swine
and
some
other
Animals
,
in
praying
5
times
in
a
Day
,
at
several
Hours
,
in
obliging
the
Musulmans
or
Believers
to
travel
in
Pilgrimage
once
at
least
during
the
time
of
their
Lives
,
or
to
send
Deputies
to
Mecca
,
and
in
believing
that
the
Impurities
of
the
Body
defile
the
Soul
.
The
Soveraign
of
this
State
is
commonly
called
,
the
Great
Turk
or
Grand
Signior
,
and
assumes
the
Title
of
his
Highness
.
In
the
most
parts
of
the
Provinces
of
his
Empire
are
established
Beglierbegs
or
General
Governours
,
on
whom
depend
the
Sangiacs
,
Bassa's
,
and
divers
other
inferior
Officers
.
Within
the
Territories
of
Turky
in
Europe
preside
8
Beglierbegs
,
the
first
of
whom
was
that
of
Buda
in
Hungary
,
but
at
present
the
chief
is
that
of
Greece
,
the
second
of
Gallipoli
,
who
is
styled
Generalissimo
or
Admiral
of
the
Sea
;
the
third
of
Romelia
,
the
fourth
,
fifth
and
sixth
are
those
of
Canisia
,
Agria
(
which
now
remains
in
the
Possession
of
the
Emperor
)
and
Temeswar
in
Hungary
,
the
seventh
of
Bosnia
,
who
resides
at
Bagnaluca
,
and
the
eighth
of
Caffa
in
the
Lesser
Tartary
.
Turky
in
Europe
is
divided
into
the
Continent
and
adjacent
Islands
,
that
is
to
say
,
into
three
Parts
,
viz.
the
Countries
of
the
Grand
Signior's
proper
Subjects
,
Tributaries
and
Allies
,
every
one
of
these
three
Parts
comprehending
divers
Provinces
,
as
it
is
more
plainly
represented
in
the
ensuing
Table
.
The
Continent
of
European
Turky
divided
into
Three
Parts
,
viz.
-
I.
The
Countries
properly
subject
to
the
Dominion
of
the
Grand
Signior
into
11.
viz.
-
1.
Croatia
in
part
,
containing
these
Towns
,
&c.
viz.
-
Vilitz
,
or
Wihitz
,
Cap.
-
Constanovitz
,
-
Udun
,
-
Lira
,
-
Dublicza
,
-
Obroacza
,
-
Suenigrad
,
-
Sternizza
,
-
Kamengrad
,
-
Dobranin
,
-
Dublicza
,
-
Nowogrodek
,
-
Petrinia
,
-
Carlstadt
,
-
Segna
.
-
2.
Sclavonia
in
part
.
-
Posega
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Sopia
,
-
Viwar
,
-
Kouvatz
,
-
Gradiska
,
-
Dowahacz
,
-
Brodt
,
-
Zagrabia
,
-
Sisaken
.
-
3.
Bosnia
,
in
part
.
-
Bosna-saray
,
-
Zucnik
,
-
Jadra
,
-
Quernik
,
-
Vranduk
,
-
Bagnaluca
,
-
Ternovitza
,
-
Warbosaum
,
-
Tinima
,
-
Debitza
or
Dobicza
,
-
Jassenovitz
,
-
Jaycza
,
-
Cernizza
,
-
Zelinaza
,
-
4.
Dalmatia
,
in
part
.
-
Scardona
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Sdrigna
,
-
La
Vrana
,
-
Trebigna
,
-
Antivari
,
Archb.
-
Narenza
,
Bish
.
-
Mestar
,
-
Sfigna
,
-
Castel-nuovo
,
-
Cattaro
.
Bish
.
-
Budoa
,
Bish
.
-
Dolcigno
,
Bish
.
-
5.
Servia
,
in
part
.
-
Belgrade
,
Cap.
-
Sabatz
,
-
Orach
,
-
Belina
,
-
Zenobiz
,
-
Fochia
,
-
Janisabar
,
-
Pristina
,
-
Nice
or
Nissa
,
-
Stratoria
,
-
Siabrino
,
-
Novobardo
,
-
Precopia
,
-
Cratovo
,
-
Yagodnas
,
-
Colubas
,
-
Semendria
,
-
Fesilan
,
-
Perot
,
-
Vidina
,
-
Bercovitza
,
-
Chiprovax
,
-
Scopia
,
-
6.
Bulgaria
,
in
part
.
-
Sophia
,
Cap.
-
Dragoman
,
-
Ktiman
,
-
Biltz
,
-
Silistria
,
-
Nigebali
or
Nicopolis
-
Ternova
,
-
Rossi
,
-
Rosgrad
,
-
Pasargia
,
-
Axiopoli
,
-
Dorostero
,
-
Tutracan
,
-
Provas
,
-
Dionisiopoli
,
-
Varna
,
-
Crosona
,
-
Drimago
,
-
Tomi
or
Trosmi
,
-
Cavarno
,
-
Mesembria
,
or
Mesevira
,
-
Mangalia
,
-
Chinstenge
,
-
Giustandil
,
-
Pantaleo
,
-
Ternovo
,
-
Hasgrad
,
-
Prounda
or
Prostavisa
.
-
7.
Romania
,
in
which
are
,
-
Constantinople
,
Patr
.
Cap.
-
Galata
,
-
Selivrea
,
-
Chiourli
,
-
Bargas
,
-
Philippopoli
,
-
Nicopoli
,
-
Bra
,
-
Zarnis
,
-
Maximianopoli
,
-
Enos
,
-
Abdera
,
-
Margna
,
-
Bistogna
,
-
Sestos
,
-
Garidia
,
-
Gallipoli
,
-
Trajanopoli
,
-
Sisopoli
,
-
Stragnara
,
-
Malatia
,
-
Adrianople
,
-
Rudisto
,
-
Mechaonva
,
-
Pera
,
-
Scutari
,
-
Chalcedon
,
-
8.
Greece
in
6
Provinces
,
in
which
are
,
-
1.
Macedonia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Saloniki
,
Ca
.
-
Zucaria
,
-
Emboli
,
-
Sibanova
,
-
Cavalla
,
-
Philipi
,
-
Berrea
,
-
Asomama
,
-
Siderocapsa
.
-
2.
Albania
,
in
which
are
,
-
Alessio
,
Cap.
-
Lavalona
,
-
Croya
,
-
Scutari
,
-
Antivari
,
-
Lodrino
,
-
Albanopoli
,
-
Drivasto
,
-
Durazzo
.
-
3.
Thessaly
,
in
which
are
,
-
Larissa
,
Cap.
-
Armiro
,
-
Coniga
,
-
Pharsalia
,
-
Tricala
,
-
Demetriada
,
-
Volo
,
-
Scotusa
.
-
4.
Epirus
,
in
which
are
,
-
Larta
,
-
Preveza
,
to
the
Venet
.
-
Panormo
,
-
Bastia
,
-
Elatria
,
-
Orchimo
,
-
Chimera
,
-
5.
Livadia
,
or
Achaia
in
part
,
-
Athens
or
Athini
,
possess'd
by
th'
Venetians
,
-
Thebes
,
-
Aulis
,
-
Marathon
,
-
Megara
,
-
Lepanto
,
-
Delphos
,
-
Galato
,
-
Eleusis
.
-
6.
Morea
,
almost
entirely
subject
to
the
Venetians
.
-
Patras
,
-
Chiarenza
,
-
Caminitza
,
Bish
.
-
Castel-Tornesi
,
-
Modon
,
-
Belvedere
,
-
Coron
,
-
Navarin
,
-
Malvasia
,
-
Misitra
,
-
Zarnata
,
-
Chielefa
,
-
Pussava
,
-
Napoli
di
Romania
,
Arc.
-
Argos
,
Arch.
-
Corinth
,
Arc.
-
9.
In
Bessarabia
are
,
-
Tekin
,
Cap.
-
Orihow
,
-
Smail
,
-
Brailha
,
-
Kilianova
,
-
Bialogorod
,
-
Moncastro
,
-
Oczakow
,
-
10.
Part
of
Podolia
,
-
Camienieck
,
Cap.
-
Tremboula
,
-
Zbarass
,
-
Bar
,
-
11.
Part
of
Hungary
.
-
Canisia
,
Beg
.
-
Temeswar
,
Beg
.
-
Waradin
,
Bish
.
-
Giula
.
-
II
.
The
Countries
tributary
to
the
Turks
in
four
,
viz.
-
1.
Transylvania
,
in
which
are
,
-
Harmanstadt
,
or
Zeben
,
Cap.
-
Neustadt
,
-
Albesule
,
Bish
.
-
Brassaw
or
Cronstadt
,
-
Bistricz
,
or
Nosenstadt
,
-
Megiez
,
or
Medwesch
,
-
Humad
,
-
Segeswar
,
or
Schesburg
,
-
Wasserhely
,
-
Millembors
,
o●
●sebes
,
-
Coloswar
or
C●●●●●●burg
.
-
2.
Moldavia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Zockzow
,
Cap.
-
Nicmicz
,
-
Targorod
,
-
Jassy
,
-
Choczin
,
-
Czarnoucz
,
-
Weissemburg
,
-
Thorda
,
-
Deva
,
-
Enguedine
,
-
Newmark
,
-
Agnabat
.
-
3.
Wallachia
,
in
which
are
,
-
Tergowick
,
Cap.
-
Olten
,
-
Braskow
,
-
Brailaw
,
-
Orsavo
,
-
Arcin
,
-
Jalonicza
,
-
Dembronitza
.
-
4.
In
Ragusa
are
,
-
Ragusa
,
Archb.
Cap.
-
Stagno
,
-
Sabioncello
.
-
III
.
The
Allies
of
the
Turks
,
in
two
,
-
1.
Lesser
Tartary
,
in
which
are
,
-
Aloph
,
Cap.
-
Manitz
,
-
Monaster
,
-
Stokolak
,
-
Ostam-Kirmen
,
-
Korkuby
,
-
Sterknitza
.
-
2.
In
Crimsky
are
,
-
Crim
,
Cap.
-
Percop
,
-
Caffa-Beg
,
-
Kerey
,
-
Macop
,
-
Bacca-Saraya
,
C.
-
Balaclava
.
-
The
Islands
in
three
,
-
1.
In
th'
Isle
of
Negropont
are
,
-
Negropont
,
-
Protamo
,
-
Caristo
,
-
Geresto
.
-
2.
Isles
of
the
Archipelago
,
-
Tasso
,
-
Scyro
,
-
Dronia
,
-
Andro
,
-
Naxia
,
-
Faro
,
-
Zia
,
-
Standia
,
-
Milo
,
-
Sifano
,
-
Fermenia
.
-
3.
In
the
Isle
of
Candia
are
,
-
Candia
,
Cap.
-
Canea
,
-
Retimo
,
-
Sitia
,
-
Tuda
,
-
Spinalonga
,
-
Schino
,
-
Palaio-Castrio
.
CHAP.
II
.
Four
Provinces
,
viz.
CROATIA
,
Croatia
,
SCLAVONIA
,
Sclavonia
,
BOSNIA
,
Bosnia
,
&
DALMATIA
,
Dalmatia
.
THESE
Four
Provinces
were
heretofore
comprehended
under
the
Name
of
Illyricum
or
Illyria
,
and
afterward
called
Sclavonia
.
They
are
extended
from
the
Frontiers
of
Carniola
to
Bulgaria
and
Albania
,
viz.
from
the
38th
Degree
,
20
Minutes
to
the
44th
Degree
40th
Minute
of
Longitude
;
as
also
from
the
Gulph
of
Venice
,
as
far
as
Hungary
from
the
42d
Degree
30
Minutes
,
to
the
46th
Degree
of
Latitude
,
including
about
the
Space
of
70
Leagues
from
East
to
West
,
and
60
from
North
to
South
.
The
Air
is
very
Gentle
and
Temperate
,
and
the
Soil
,
notwithstanding
the
great
number
of
Mountains
,
extremely
fertile
in
Corn
,
Grapes
,
Olives
and
other
Fruits
.
The
Country
,
in
like
manner
,
affords
good
Pastures
,
besides
divers
Mines
of
Gold
,
Silver
and
other
Metals
.
Moreover
,
on
the
Coasts
of
Dalmatia
are
taken
vast
quantities
of
a
sort
of
Fish
call'd
Sardines
,
wherein
the
Wealth
of
the
whole
Province
chiefly
consists
.
The
principal
Rivers
are
,
the
Drave
,
the
Save
,
the
Drin
,
the
Bossena
or
Bosna
,
the
Unna
,
and
the
Kulp
.
All
the
Inhabitants
of
these
Territories
,
being
almost
of
the
same
Inclination
,
naturally
take
delight
in
War
,
and
are
much
addicted
to
Drunkenness
,
Theft
and
Fraud
.
The
Roman
Catholick
Religion
is
generally
predominant
,
altho'
there
are
many
Professors
of
that
of
the
Greek
Church
,
and
some
Mahometans
;
but
Liberty
of
Conscience
is
every
where
allow'd
.
CROATIA
.
The
Country
of
CROATIA
in
particular
,
call'd
Crabaten
by
the
Germans
,
is
suppos'd
to
be
the
same
with
that
which
was
heretofore
known
by
the
name
of
Liburnia
,
and
was
made
a
Roman
Province
under
the
Emperor
Nicetus
,
being
bounded
on
the
North
by
Sclav●nia
,
on
the
South
by
Morlachia
,
on
the
East
by
Bosnia
,
and
on
the
West
by
Windisch-March
.
The
Emperor
of
Germany
,
among
many
other
Titles
,
assumes
that
of
King
of
Croatia
;
and
,
indeed
,
it
was
anciently
a
puissant
Monarchy
,
but
in
the
latter
Ages
hath
been
extreamly
depopulated
by
the
frequent
Inrodes
of
the
Turks
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
it
is
at
this
day
subject
to
the
Grand
Seignior's
Dominion
.
The
Croatians
or
Croates
,
are
a
valiant
,
hardy
People
,
and
good
Soldiers
,
especially
their
Horsemen
,
so
that
they
are
entertain'd
in
most
of
the
Courts
of
the
German
Princes
as
their
Horse-Guards
;
some
of
them
are
also
very
swift
,
particularly
the
Uskokes
running
up
and
down
Mountains
like
Bucks
,
with
Shoes
made
of
Cord
for
that
purpose
.
As
for
their
Manners
and
Customs
,
they
partake
of
those
of
the
Germans
,
Hungarians
and
Sclavonians
,
insomuch
that
their
Gentlemen
are
said
to
share
with
the
first
in
their
Drunkenness
,
to
imitate
the
second
in
their
haughty
Humour
,
and
to
be
altogether
as
importunate
as
the
last
.
WIHITZ
or
BIGIHON
,
Vihitza
,
the
Capital
Town
of
Croatia
,
stands
on
one
side
of
a
small
Lake
made
by
the
River
Wana
,
at
the
distance
of
45
miles
from
Segna
to
the
East
,
as
many
from
Zara
to
the
North
,
and
84
nigh
West
of
Posega
.
It
was
taken
by
Hassan
Bassa
of
Bosnia
,
after
an
obstinate
Defence
,
and
the
Garrison
basely
murder'd
,
contrary
to
the
Articles
of
Capitulation
in
the
year
,
1592.
having
been
for
the
space
of
150
years
the
great
Bulwark
of
Christendom
against
the
Turks
;
so
that
this
Conquest
gave
the
Ottoman
Family
the
first
sure
footing
in
these
parts
,
and
open'd
them
a
passage
into
Sclavonia
,
the
greater
part
of
which
was
soon
after
forc'd
to
submit
to
their
victorious
Arms.
CASTANOVITZ
,
is
a
strong
Castle
,
consisting
of
3
Towers
and
a
Wall
,
according
to
the
ancient
manner
of
Fortification
,
near
the
River
Wana
or
Unna
and
the
Frontiers
of
Bosnia
,
34
miles
from
Gradisca
to
the
West
.
It
formerly
appertain'd
to
the
Turks
,
but
was
taken
by
Prince
Lewis
of
Baden
,
and
submitted
to
the
Emperor's
Jurisdiction
,
A.
D.
1688.
PETRINIA
,
Petrinia
,
is
seated
on
a
River
of
the
same
name
,
near
its
fall
into
the
Kulp
,
about
8
miles
from
Zagarab
or
Agram
in
Sclavonia
.
It
was
made
a
regular
Fort
in
imitation
of
Wihitz
,
not
long
after
the
Turks
had
subdu'd
that
place
.
But
about
three
years
after
its
Foundation
it
was
recover'd
out
of
the
Grand
Seignior's
Hands
by
the
Imperialists
,
who
as
yet
retain
it
in
their
Possession
.
CARLSTADT
,
on
the
mouth
of
the
River
Maresnitza
,
took
its
name
from
Charles
Arch-duke
of
Austria
,
who
first
caus'd
the
place
to
be
fortify'd
,
A.
D.
1579.
The
Garrison
is
maintain'd
and
furnish'd
with
all
sorts
of
Ammunition
by
the
Carniolians
,
that
esteem
it
the
secure●t
Bulwark
of
their
Country
;
neither
are
any
Persons
allow'd
to
reside
there
excepting
Soldiers
,
who
receive
Victuals
and
other
necessary
Provisions
from
Doboretz
or
Dabritz
,
a
neigbouring
Market-town
.
SEGNA
or
ZENG
,
is
situated
on
the
Bay
heretofore
call'd
Flanaticum
,
now
of
Quarnaw
or
Carnaro
,
over
against
the
Island
of
Veglia
,
at
the
distance
of
46
m
.
from
Carlstadt
almost
to
the
South
,
as
many
from
Zara
to
the
North-west
,
and
52
from
Wihitz
to
the
West
.
It
is
the
Metropolis
of
the
Principality
of
Morlachia
,
and
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Spalatro
.
It
is
also
well
fortify'd
both
by
Art
and
Nature
,
vast
Woods
and
Mountains
lying
behind
it
toward
the
Land
,
so
that
an
Army
can
scarcely
come
near
,
neither
is
its
Harbour
capacious
enough
for
a
considerable
Fleet
.
This
place
being
about
1539.
in
the
possession
of
the
Count
de
Frangipani
,
was
claim'd
by
Solyman
II
.
as
a
dependance
of
Hungary
,
a
great
part
of
which
he
had
then
subdu'd
.
Insomuch
that
the
Emperor
Ferdinand
was
oblig'd
to
take
it
under
his
peculiar
Protection
,
and
entertain'd
therein
for
its
defence
the
Uscokes
,
a
Gang
of
Robbers
like
our
Bucaniers
.
And
indeed
the
adjacent
Coasts
are
full
of
small
Islands
,
Rocks
and
Creeks
,
and
have
been
a
Receptacle
for
Pyrates
.
These
Bucaniers
in
process
of
time
were
encreas'd
to
the
number
of
five
or
six
hundred
,
and
did
much
Damage
to
the
Turks
and
Christian
Merchants
:
Whereupon
the
former
,
to
revenge
those
Injuries
,
rais'd
a
War
against
the
Austrian
Family
in
the
year
,
1592.
which
continu'd
until
1602.
and
wherein
were
lost
the
Troops
of
Agria
and
Canisa
in
Hungary
.
We
are
inform'd
by
Father
Paul
,
in
his
Continuation
of
the
History
of
the
Uschochi
,
That
the
Town
of
Segna
was
inhabited
in
1613.
by
three
sorts
of
People
,
viz.
the
Stipiendiarii
or
listed
Men
,
being
200.
under
four
Captains
;
the
Casalini
or
Citizens
,
consisting
of
about
100
Families
;
and
the
Venturini
,
who
were
Renegadoes
out
of
Turky
,
Dalmatia
and
Apulia
,
their
whole
number
not
amounting
to
above
2000.
However
this
small
Body
of
Men
often
plagu'd
the
State
of
Venice
from
1537
to
1616.
against
whom
the
Arch-duke
of
Austria
declar'd
a
War
in
1615.
on
their
account
;
but
the
Dutch
having
taken
part
with
the
Venetians
,
the
Arch-duke
was
constrain'd
the
next
year
to
suppress
this
Nest
of
Pirates
,
who
were
never
heard
of
since
.
SCLAVONIA
.
SCLAVONIA
,
strictly
so
call'd
,
comprehends
only
that
part
of
ancient
Pannonia
which
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Drave
,
on
the
South
by
the
Save
,
on
the
East
by
Rascia
,
and
on
the
West
by
Germany
,
being
extended
for
the
space
of
32
German
miles
in
length
and
12
in
breadth
.
This
Province
took
its
name
(
as
it
is
generally
believ'd
)
from
the
Slavi
,
an
ancient
People
who
came
from
Scythia
about
the
time
of
the
Emperor
Justinian
,
and
having
over-run
Istria
and
all
Greece
,
founded
the
Kingdom
of
Poland
under
Lechus
,
as
also
that
of
Moravia
under
Zechus
,
A.
C.
550.
but
they
were
driven
out
of
Greece
by
Constantine
.
They
infested
Canute
and
Sueno
Kings
of
the
Danes
in
the
Xth
Century
,
but
were
overcome
by
Walduner
in
the
year
,
1161.
In
1200.
Canute
the
Dane
worsted
the
Marquess
of
Brandenburg
who
had
taken
possession
of
Sclavonia
,
and
afterward
the
Country
became
tributary
to
the
Hungarians
.
In
1504.
it
was
subdu'd
by
Solyman
the
Magnificent
;
but
in
1687.
after
the
defeat
of
the
Ottoman
Forces
at
Mohatz
they
mutiny'd
against
the
Grand
Visier
,
and
the
Turks
deserting
it
,
the
whole
Territory
,
(
excepting
the
Town
of
Gradiska
)
submitted
to
the
Emperor
.
The
Inhabitants
are
for
the
most
part
robust
and
of
a
strong
Constitution
,
so
that
the
Venetians
,
after
they
had
conquer'd
these
parts
,
observing
the
Natives
sit
for
all
manner
of
Drudgery
,
caus'd
them
to
work
at
the
Oars
of
their
Gallies
,
and
put
them
on
other
toilsom
Employments
of
the
like
nature
.
Thus
they
took
occasion
to
name
all
their
inferior
Attendants
and
Bond-servants
Sclaves
,
which
Word
afterward
grew
in
use
throughout
the
more
Western
parts
of
Europe
.
The
Professions
of
the
Roman
and
Greek
Churches
are
tolerated
in
the
County
of
Zagrabia
and
other
parts
of
Sclavonia
,
where
the
People
were
first
converted
to
Christianity
by
the
preaching
of
one
Methodius
.
But
the
Romanists
here
enjoy
this
peculiar
Privilege
,
That
Mass
is
allow'd
to
be
read
among
them
in
their
Mother
Tongue
,
a
Favour
no
where
else
granted
to
the
Commonalty
under
the
Papal
Jurisdiction
.
Gesner
assures
us
,
That
there
are
no
less
than
60
distinct
Nations
that
speak
Sclavonian
;
and
indeed
if
we
consider
the
many
large
Empires
and
Kingdoms
in
which
this
Language
is
us'd
,
the
Account
will
scarcely
seem
to
fall
short
;
since
some
Dialect
thereof
is
generally
spoken
in
the
va●t
Empire
of
Russia
,
in
Livonia
,
Poland
,
Silesia
,
Bohemia
,
Moravia
,
a
considerable
part
of
Hungary
,
Istria
,
Dacia
,
Epirus
,
Georgia
,
Mengrelia
,
Bosnia
,
Prussia
,
Scandinavia
,
&c.
POSEGA
,
the
Metropolis
of
a
County
of
the
same
name
,
lying
between
the
Drave
and
the
Save
,
as
also
of
the
whole
Province
of
Sclavonia
,
is
situated
on
the
River
Oriana
,
at
the
distance
only
of
2
miles
from
the
Confines
of
Bosnia
,
8
from
the
River
Save
to
the
North
,
30
from
Gradisk
to
the
East
,
120
from
Buda
to
the
South
,
126
from
Belgrade
to
the
West
,
and
185
from
Vienna
to
the
South-east
.
It
is
indifferently
strong
,
and
contains
about
1000
Houses
within
its
Walls
,
but
more
especially
remarkable
for
its
Traffick
,
almost
400
Villages
depending
on
its
Jurisdiction
.
The
circumjacent
Country
is
extreamly
fertil
,
and
brings
forth
Fruits
of
an
unusual
size
.
The
Turks
made
themselves
Masters
of
this
Town
under
Solyman
the
Magnificent
about
A.
D.
1544.
together
with
Walpo
and
Five
Churches
.
But
the
Imperial
Forces
regain'd
it
on
the
12
day
of
Octob
.
1687.
when
the
Bey
or
Turkish
Governor
at
first
made
some
shew
of
Resistance
by
discharging
some
Canons
,
but
afterward
deserted
the
place
,
whilst
part
of
the
Garrison
retir'd
to
the
Mountains
,
and
the
rest
into
different
Holds
on
the
Save
.
The
Germans
found
there
a
great
quantity
of
Ammunition
and
Provision
,
together
with
5
Pieces
of
Ordinance
.
GRADISCA
or
Gradisk
,
Gradisca
,
a
strong
Town
,
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Save
,
toward
the
Frontiers
of
Croatia
,
about
30
miles
from
Posega
,
almost
to
the
West
.
It
was
taken
from
the
Turks
by
the
Imperial
Troops
,
under
the
Command
of
the
Duke
of
Croy
,
A.
D.
1691.
Brodt
is
a
small
Town
,
distant
15
miles
from
Posega
to
the
South
,
and
remarkable
for
a
Victory
there
gain'd
over
the
Turks
by
Prince
Lewes
of
Baden
,
A.
D.
1688.
ZAGRAB
,
Zagrabia
,
the
Chief
City
of
a
County
,
so
nam'd
,
and
dignified
with
an
Episcopal
See
,
lying
about
a
Musket
Shot
from
the
Banks
of
the
River
Save
,
and
divided
by
a
small
Brook
into
two
Parts
;
one
of
which
more
especially
bears
the
Name
of
Zagrab
,
Zagram
or
Agram
,
and
the
other
is
commonly
call'd
das
Capital
,
or
the
Chapter
,
by
reason
of
the
Bishop's
Palace
there
built
,
and
a
fair
Cathedral
Church
dedicated
to
S.
Stephen
,
the
first
Christian
King
of
Hungary
.
It
is
a
place
of
great
Strength
and
well
Peopled
,
being
distant
45
miles
from
Wihitz
to
the
North
,
15
from
Gradisca
to
the
West
,
and
11
from
Cilly
to
the
South-east
.
Sisaken
,
mention'd
by
Pliny
and
Antoninus
under
the
Name
of
Sisia
,
is
seated
on
the
Southern
Bank
of
the
Save
,
over-against
Zagrab
,
and
famous
for
the
stout
Resistance
there
made
against
the
Turks
,
in
the
Year
1593.
For
hoping
by
the
Conquest
of
these
Territories
to
open
a
free
Passage
into
the
German
Empire
,
they
resolutely
stormed
this
Town
with
a
puissant
Army
,
but
were
as
gallantly
received
,
and
beat
off
by
the
Inhabitants
,
till
some
Dutch
Regiments
came
to
their
Assistance
;
who
slew
above
8000
of
the
Enemies
in
the
Field
,
whilst
the
greater
Part
of
those
that
escaped
the
Slaughter
were
drowned
in
the
River
Save
,
where
they
were
pursued
by
the
Germans
.
Petrowina
is
remarkable
for
its
situation
at
the
bottom
of
the
Ridge
of
Hills
that
divide
the
County
of
Zagrabia
from
Hungary
,
and
hath
given
good
Proof
of
its
Strength
in
opposing
the
Turkish
Forces
,
A.
D.
1596.
BOSNIA
.
BOSNIA
,
derives
its
Name
from
the
River
Bosna
,
that
runs
through
it
,
lying
between
the
Unna
,
the
Save
and
the
Drina
,
as
also
bordering
on
Servia
to
the
East
,
Croatia
on
the
West
,
Sclavonia
and
Rascia
on
the
North
,
and
Dalmatia
on
the
South
.
It
was
heretofore
a
free
independent
Kingdom
,
but
in
the
Year
1310.
became
tributary
to
Charles
Robert
King
of
Hungary
,
who
changed
its
Royal
Style
into
that
of
a
Dukedom
.
In
the
Year
1415.
the
Bosnians
threw
off
the
Hungarian
Yoke
,
and
betook
themselves
to
the
Grand
Signior's
Protection
.
Then
King
Sigismund
invaded
their
Country
,
and
reduc'd
them
to
their
Allegiance
:
Nevertheless
they
soon
revolted
again
,
and
were
a
second
Time
subdued
by
Matthias
Corvinus
.
But
Mahomet
II
.
Emperor
of
the
Turks
,
took
Jaycza
,
the
then
Metropolis
of
these
Territories
,
in
1472.
and
made
himself
absolute
Lord
of
them
,
after
having
caused
Stephen
,
the
last
Duke
to
be
flead
alive
:
So
that
since
that
Time
it
hath
been
reckon'd
a
Province
of
the
Turkish
Empire
,
and
govern'd
by
a
Bassa
,
who
usually
resided
at
Bagnaluca
,
till
at
last
the
victorious
Prince
Lewis
of
Baden
,
with
a
strong
Detachment
of
Germans
and
Hungarians
reconquer'd
it
,
A.
D.
1688.
BOSNA-SARAY
,
Bosna-Saraium
,
is
watered
with
the
Streams
of
the
River
Miglazza
,
and
now
reputed
the
principal
City
of
Bosnia
;
which
Advantage
was
some
time
peculiar
to
Jaycza
,
and
afterward
to
Wanbosaum
.
It
is
distant
50
miles
from
Peter
Waradin
to
the
South-west
,
and
175
from
Buda
to
the
South
.
Jaycza
,
Gieza
or
Gaitia
,
formerly
the
Metropolis
of
Bosnia
,
is
defended
by
a
Castle
and
other
strong
Fortifications
,
and
situated
on
the
River
Plena
,
at
the
distance
of
42
miles
from
Wihitz
to
the
East
,
60
from
Bagnaluca
almost
to
the
North
,
82
from
Zara
to
the
North-east
,
and
154
from
Buda
to
the
South
.
The
King
of
Hungary
recover'd
this
Town
,
A.
D.
1463.
out
of
the
Hands
of
the
Turks
,
who
in
vain
attempted
to
retake
it
the
same
Year
,
but
they
afterward
accomplish'd
their
Design
,
and
made
it
the
Seat
of
a
Sangiack
.
DALMATIA
.
DALMATIA
,
Dalmatia
,
was
heretofore
a
very
large
Province
,
but
is
now
more
contracted
,
having
Bosnia
and
Croatia
for
its
Northern
Bounds
,
the
Adriatick
Sea
or
Gulph
of
Venice
on
the
South
,
a
Corner
of
Bosnia
on
the
East
,
and
Istria
on
the
West
.
It
was
also
for
some
Time
a
populous
and
flourishing
Kingdom
,
first
subdued
by
the
Romans
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Publius
Cornelius
Nasica
,
a
little
before
the
third
Carthagenian
War
.
Afterward
it
recovered
its
former
Liberty
,
and
was
govern'd
for
several
Ages
by
certain
Princes
,
who
assum'd
the
Style
and
Dignity
of
Kings
of
Dalmatia
.
For
the
Pope
having
conven'd
a
Council
,
by
two
of
his
Legates
,
caus'd
Duke
Demetrius
to
be
invested
with
a
Sword
,
Scepter
and
Crown
,
A.
D.
1076.
Upon
the
Failure
of
their
Line
it
devolv'd
,
together
with
the
Croatian
Monarchy
,
on
the
Kings
of
Hungary
,
in
1310.
as
a
Member
of
which
Kingdom
it
is
still
claim'd
by
the
Emperor
of
Germany
,
although
the
Venetians
are
at
present
the
chief
Proprietors
of
the
Country
;
and
another
Part
is
possessed
by
the
Turks
.
The
Language
of
the
Dalmatians
is
the
Sclavonick
,
and
their
Religion
for
the
most
part
the
Roman
Catholick
.
SCARDONA
,
Scardona
,
call'd
Skardin
by
the
Sclavonians
,
is
a
Place
of
great
Antiquity
,
and
was
formerly
the
Metropolis
of
Dalmatia
,
the
Episcopal
See
of
Belgrade
having
been
translated
thither
,
A.
D.
1120.
It
is
situated
on
the
River
Kerka
,
and
distant
about
30
miles
from
Sebenico
almost
to
the
North
,
as
also
7
miles
from
the
Adriatick
Sea
.
In
the
Year
1683.
it
was
taken
from
the
Turks
by
the
Morlacks
of
Croatia
,
and
General
Valier
put
a
sufficient
Garrison
into
it
for
the
Venetians
.
ANTIVARI
,
Antibarum
,
a
Town
of
Dalmatia
,
although
joyned
to
Albania
by
the
Turks
,
since
it
fell
into
their
Possession
,
stands
on
a
rising
Ground
,
and
the
Coasts
of
the
Adriatick
Sea
,
about
18
miles
from
Dolcigno
to
the
North-west
,
and
60
from
Ragusa
to
the
South-east
.
Pope
Alexander
II
.
of
an
Episcopal
See
erected
it
into
a
Metropolitan
,
and
allotted
thereto
ten
Suffragans
,
A.
D.
1062.
NARENZA
,
Naro
,
is
in
like
manner
seated
on
the
Gulph
of
Venice
,
44
miles
from
Ragusa
to
the
North
,
and
appertains
to
the
Turkish
Jurisdiction
.
It
was
anciently
a
very
considerable
Town
,
and
the
Capital
of
Dalmatia
,
having
been
also
for
some
Time
the
See
of
a
Prelate
,
Suffragan
to
the
Archbishop
of
Ragusa
,
but
at
present
it
is
in
a
manner
entirely
ruined
.
The
States
of
Venice
made
themselves
Masters
thereof
,
A.
C.
987.
and
the
Turks
re-gain'd
it
in
1479.
Castel-Nuovo
,
a
Town
of
the
Dutchy
of
S.
Saba
,
or
the
Province
of
Herzegovine
,
is
advantagiously
situated
on
the
Canal
of
Cattaro
,
3
leagues
from
its
Mouth
,
over-against
the
Eastern
Sea
,
being
defended
on
the
North
Side
by
the
Castle
of
Salimanega
,
which
is
built
on
a
very
rocky
Ground
,
and
commanded
by
the
neighbouring
Mountain
of
S.
Veneranda
,
whence
the
Tower
of
Fastagick
,
founded
partly
on
the
Rock
and
partly
on
the
adjacent
Level
,
may
be
also
battered
.
The
Turks
usually
kept
a
Magazine
of
Powder
in
this
large
Tower
.
But
the
high
Fortress
of
Goringral
stands
650
Paces
from
the
Town
,
and
is
liable
to
suffer
Dammage
from
a
Battery
placed
on
the
Top
of
Mount
Slichi
.
This
Town
was
attackt
and
taken
in
the
Year
1538.
by
the
Confederate
Forces
of
the
Pope
,
the
Emperor
and
the
State
of
Venice
,
when
it
was
garrison'd
with
Spaniards
,
and
three
sorts
of
Standards
were
set
up
therein
,
viz.
one
for
his
Holiness
,
another
for
his
Imperial
Majesty
,
and
a
third
for
the
Republick
.
However
,
they
did
not
long
enjoy
their
strong
Hold
,
for
the
very
next
Year
Barberossa
the
Turkish
Commander
arrived
in
the
Channel
with
90
Galleys
and
30
Fustees
,
and
having
landed
80
Pieces
of
Cannon
,
together
with
some
Soldiers
,
that
were
joyned
by
the
Sanjac
of
the
Province
,
he
battered
the
Place
,
and
carried
it
by
Storm
.
The
Venetians
made
an
Attempt
to
retake
Castel-Nuovo
,
in
1572.
but
were
obliged
to
desist
from
their
Enterprize
:
Nevertheless
,
at
length
,
by
the
Assistance
of
the
Pope's
Troops
and
those
of
the
Order
of
Maltha
,
they
found
means
to
get
it
in
their
possession
,
A.
D.
1687.
CATTARO
,
or
Catarro
,
Catharum
aut
Cathara
,
is
taken
by
some
Authors
for
the
Ascrivium
of
Ptolomey
and
Pliny
,
and
communicates
its
Name
to
the
Gulph
on
which
it
lies
,
about
50
miles
from
Ragusa
to
the
South-east
.
It
is
fenced
with
a
Castle
,
built
on
a
Hill
,
and
dignified
with
a
Bishop's
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Ragusa
.
The
Turks
have
often
attempted
to
surprize
this
City
,
to
no
purpose
,
and
it
is
still
subject
to
the
Dominion
of
the
State
of
Venice
.
BUDOA
,
mention'd
by
Pliny
,
Pto●emey
and
Stephanus
of
Byzantium
,
under
the
Names
of
Butua
,
Bulua
and
Buthaer
,
is
situated
on
the
Sea-coasts
between
the
Gulph
of
Cataro
and
the
Town
of
Dolcigno
,
8
miles
from
Antivari
to
the
North-west
,
its
Episcopal
See
depending
on
that
Metropolitan
.
Alexandro
Donato
having
yielded
the
same
City
to
the
Turks
,
through
Cowardize
,
Augustin
Pasqualigo
,
in
like
manner
surrendred
Budoa
,
of
which
he
was
Governour
,
but
was
not
blamed
by
reason
of
the
Weakness
of
the
Place
.
But
Zacharias
Salomoni
,
who
had
obtained
the
Government
of
Cattaro
,
recovered
it
a
little
while
after
with
the
Land-Soldiers
and
Marine
Regiments
under
his
Command
:
Whereupon
the
Republick
of
Venice
caused
it
to
be
regularly
fortified
.
It
suffered
much
Damage
by
an
Earthquake
in
1667.
but
extrordinary
Care
was
taken
to
repair
the
Breaches
and
Ruins
made
by
that
Accident
.
DOLCIGNO
or
Dulcigno
,
is
an
Episcopal
City
near
the
Adriatick
Sea
,
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Archbishop
of
Antivari
,
from
whence
it
is
distant
18
miles
to
the
South
East
,
and
27
from
Scutari
to
the
South-west
.
CHAP
III
.
SERVIA
,
Servia
aut
Maesia
superior
,
&
BULGARIA
,
Bulgaria
THE
ancient
Maesia
contained
these
two
Provinces
,
excepting
that
its
Limits
were
not
so
far
extended
toward
the
East
,
but
at
present
this
Country
advanceth
as
far
as
the
Black
Sea
,
by
reason
that
the
Territories
of
the
Dobrussian
Tartars
have
been
joyned
to
those
of
Bulgaria
.
They
are
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Danube
,
on
the
South
by
the
Mountains
,
that
separate
them
from
Greece
and
Romania
,
on
the
East
by
the
Coasts
of
the
Black
Sea
and
Romania
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
River
Drin
and
Bosnia
.
Their
extent
from
East
to
West
,
that
is
to
say
,
from
Bosnia
on
the
same
Sea
,
consists
of
about
150
leagues
and
60
in
their
largest
breadth
from
North
to
South
,
viz.
from
Walachia
to
Albania
.
They
are
situated
between
the
42d
Degree
40th
Minute
,
and
the
45th
Degree
20
Minutes
of
Latitude
;
as
also
between
the
43d
Degree
and
the
45th
of
Longitude
,
so
that
the
Air
is
very
temperate
and
healthful
,
and
the
Soil
no
less
fertile
,
altho'
the
greater
part
thereof
is
untill'd
,
by
reason
that
the
Turks
deprive
the
Peasants
of
almost
the
whole
Fruit
of
their
Labour
.
Cattle
and
most
sorts
of
Fowl
are
here
sold
at
a
dear
rate
;
neither
is
the
Bread
good
,
as
being
baked
in
many
places
under
Ashes
:
The
chief
Rivers
are
the
Save
,
which
receives
into
its
Channel
the
Streams
of
the
Drin
and
the
Morave
,
which
in
like
manner
intermixeth
its
Waters
with
those
of
Nissava
,
but
at
length
,
after
a
long
course
falls
into
the
Danube
.
The
Inhabitants
of
these
Provinces
are
Cruel
,
very
much
inclin'd
to
Robbery
and
Drunkenness
,
more
especially
the
Servians
,
who
carry
away
Children
on
purpose
to
sell
them
to
the
Turks
for
infamous
Uses
.
The
Bulgarians
are
not
so
inhuman
,
being
somewhat
more
civilized
.
However
,
both
these
Sorts
of
People
are
famous
on
the
account
of
their
great
Courage
and
Magnanimity
.
These
Provinces
were
at
first
go●ern'd
by
certain
particular
Kings
and
Princes
until
Mahomet
II
.
Emperor
of
the
Turks
,
subdued
them
,
and
they
depend
at
this
Day
on
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Beglierbeg
of
Rumelia
.
About
30
or
40000
Roman
Catholicks
reside
in
these
Territories
,
and
are
very
poor
:
The
Grecians
inhabit
the
Towns
,
and
are
more
numerous
;
the
Mahometans
dwell
in
the
Burghs
and
Villages
:
But
the
Jews
engross
to
themselves
almost
the
whole
Traffick
,
and
have
many
Synagogues
.
SERVIA
.
BELGRADE
,
or
Grischish-Weissemburg
,
Alba
Graeca
,
aut
Alba
Bulgaria
,
the
Metropolis
of
Servia
,
is
seated
on
a
Hill
in
the
Country
of
Rascia
,
a
little
below
the
Place
where
the
Save
and
the
Danube
intermix
their
Waters
,
at
the
distance
of
160
miles
from
Hermanstadt
to
the
South-west
,
165
from
from
Buda
to
the
South-east
,
230
from
Sofia
to
the
North-west
,
280
from
Vienna
to
the
South-east
,
and
540
almost
West
of
Constantinople
.
It
is
well
fortified
with
a
Castle
and
divers
other
regular
Works
,
and
was
erected
into
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Antivari
by
Pope
Innocent
X.
Some
Authors
believe
it
to
be
the
same
with
the
Taurinum
of
the
Ancients
;
but
since
this
Town
was
more
remote
from
the
Confluence
of
the
Save
and
Danube
,
it
is
more
probable
that
Belgrade
only
sprang
up
out
of
its
Ruins
,
not
far
from
that
old
Station
.
Amurath
II
.
Emperor
of
the
Turks
,
was
here
defeated
,
in
the
Year
1439.
And
his
Son
,
Mahomet
II
.
lost
an
Army
consisting
of
250000
Men
before
the
same
Place
,
in
1456.
which
formidable
Forces
were
broken
and
entirely
ruin'd
by
a
Stratagem
of
tha●
renowed
General
John
Corvinus
Huniades
;
for
having
suffer'd
a
Party
of
Turks
to
enter
the
Town
,
whilst
they
were
plundering
,
he
made
a
Sally
,
suddenly
seized
on
their
Cannon
,
and
turned
them
against
the
main
Body
of
the
Enemies
,
of
whom
40000
were
slain
on
the
Spot
,
and
the
rest
betook
themselves
to
Flight
,
leaving
all
their
Baggage
and
Ammunition
behind
.
In
1521.
Solyman
,
surnam'd
the
Magnificent
,
made
himself
Master
of
Belgrade
,
after
a
Siege
of
2
Months
,
Lewes
the
young
King
of
Hungary
having
then
scarcely
attain'd
to
the
15th
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
other
Christian
Princes
being
hotly
engaged
in
mutual
Broils
.
The
Turks
slighted
it
for
many
Years
after
,
but
in
1686
began
to
repair
its
Fortifications
,
after
the
loss
of
Buda
.
In
1688.
the
Duke
of
Bavaria
,
having
received
Orders
from
the
Emperor
,
passed
the
Save
with
a
puissant
Army
,
discomfited
6000
of
the
Flower
of
the
Turkish
Troops
,
and
on
the
10th
Day
of
August
continued
his
March
toward
Belgrade
.
Whereupon
the
Infidels
setting
Fire
to
the
lower
Town
abandon'd
it
,
and
left
an
old
Bassa
to
command
the
upper
Town
and
Castle
,
which
were
thrice
successively
storm'd
by
the
Imperialists
on
the
6th
of
September
,
insomuch
that
at
the
3d
Assault
they
carryed
the
Place
,
and
at
first
put
all
they
met
to
the
Sword
,
until
about
7000
being
cut
off
and
thrown
into
the
River
Save
,
the
Bassa
and
3000
others
obtained
quarter
,
by
reason
that
they
had
set
200
Christian
Slaves
bound
with
Fetters
between
themselves
and
the
Imperial
Troops
,
of
whom
about
4000
were
kill'd
and
wounded
during
the
Siege
.
They
found
there
70
Pieces
of
Ordnance
,
besides
great
store
of
Plunder
,
altho'
the
Burghers
had
been
for
a
long
Time
removing
their
Effects
,
and
1000
Boats
were
conveyed
down
the
River
the
Day
before
the
Lower
Town
was
burnt
.
In
1690.
the
Imperial
Forces
being
attackt
by
the
French
King
on
the
Rhine
,
the
Grand
Visier
took
an
Opportunity
to
invest
Belgrade
,
October
3d
,
with
60000
Men
,
the
Garrison
,
then
consisting
of
6000
Germans
,
well
furnished
with
necessary
Provisions
,
who
made
a
resolute
defence
,
and
slew
a
great
number
of
Turks
;
but
on
the
8th
a
Bomb
falling
into
the
Magazine
,
blew
it
up
,
together
with
1700
Soldiers
,
just
ready
to
mount
the
Guard
;
soon
after
the
other
Store-houses
were
likewise
fir'd
,
part
of
the
Walls
blown
up
,
and
the
Trenches
filled
with
the
Rubbish
,
so
that
the
Enemies
easily
rushed
in
by
whole
Squadrons
,
sparing
none
that
stood
in
their
Way
.
Thus
was
the
Town
and
Castle
destroy'd
by
the
Fire
,
and
the
Governour
,
only
with
300
of
his
Soldiers
found
Means
to
escape
,
with
much
difficulty
.
The
Turks
have
since
refortified
the
City
,
and
as
yet
retain
it
in
their
Possession
.
Nissa
,
a
Town
of
very
great
Importance
on
the
River
Nichawa
,
near
its
fall
into
the
Morava
,
distant
140
miles
from
Belgrade
to
the
South-east
,
as
also
15
German
miles
from
Scopia
to
the
North
,
12
from
Giustandel
to
the
West
,
and
42
from
Thessalonica
to
the
North-west
.
The
Imperial
Forces
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Prince
Lewes
of
Baden
,
gained
a
memorable
Victory
here
,
over
the
Turks
,
on
the
24th
Day
of
September
,
A.
D.
1689.
so
that
the
Town
surrendred
the
next
day
,
and
the
whole
Provinces
of
Servia
and
Albania
submitted
to
the
Emperor
.
But
it
was
retaken
by
the
Turks
in
1690.
after
a
Siege
of
3
Weeks
.
It
is
naturally
strong
,
by
reason
of
its
advantagious
situation
,
and
capable
of
being
much
improv'd
by
Art
,
being
also
adorn'd
with
5
Turkish
Mosques
,
and
environ'd
with
a
very
fruitful
Country
.
SEMENDRIA
,
Semenbria
or
Senderow
,
was
heretofore
the
Capital
City
of
Servia
,
and
sometime
a
Bishop's
See
,
but
is
now
almost
ruin'd
.
It
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
Danube
,
24
miles
from
Belgrade
to
the
East
,
and
was
taken
from
the
Imperialists
by
the
Turks
,
A.
D.
1690.
SCOPIA
or
Uscopia
,
is
situated
partly
on
a
Hill
and
partly
on
a
pleasant
Plain
,
at
the
Foot
of
Mount
Orbelus
near
the
Banks
of
the
River
Varatazar
,
and
the
Confines
of
Macedonia
.
It
was
first
a
Bishop's
See
,
and
afterward
erected
into
a
Metropolitan
.
It
is
also
at
present
a
populous
and
Trading
City
,
adorn'd
with
many
fair
Houses
and
Mosques
,
besides
some
neat
Sepulchral
Monuments
.
The
most
considerable
Houses
are
furnished
with
Carpets
to
tread
on
,
curiously
painted
and
embroider'd
.
The
Avenues
are
also
set
off
with
Trees
,
Hills
and
Valleys
,
affording
a
very
delightful
Prospect
.
The
Inhabitants
not
long
since
were
chiefly
Asiaticks
,
plac'd
there
by
Mahomet
I.
and
according
to
the
Report
of
the
Germans
60000
in
number
,
besides
400
Jews
.
For
this
City
,
in
the
Year
1689.
being
abandon'd
by
the
Turkish
Bassa
and
the
Citizens
,
was
taken
by
General
Picolomini
for
the
Emperor
of
Germany
.
But
in
regard
it
was
only
walled
,
and
fell
into
the
Hands
of
the
Imperialists
,
when
the
Summer-Season
was
far
advanc'd
,
they
pillaged
it
,
and
set
it
on
Fire
.
It
is
distant
60
miles
from
Nissa
to
the
South
,
66
from
Sofia
almost
to
the
West
,
and
200
from
Belgrade
to
the
South-east
.
BULGARIA
.
SOPHIA
,
Sofia
,
or
Sophia
the
Capital
City
of
Bulgaria
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Ichar
in
a
spacious
Plain
,
near
Mount
Haemus
,
at
an
equal
distance
from
the
Confines
of
Thrace
or
Romania
to
the
East
,
Macedonia
to
the
South
,
and
Servia
to
the
West
;
as
also
60
miles
from
Nicopolis
or
Nigeboli
,
90
from
Philippopoli
,
100
from
Thessalonica
to
the
North
,
110
from
Nissa
,
about
250
from
Belgrade
to
the
South
,
and
300
from
Constantinople
to
the
West
.
It
anciently
bore
the
Name
of
Sardica
,
and
appertained
to
the
Lower
Maesia
,
having
been
founded
(
as
it
is
generally
believed
)
by
the
Emperor
Justinian
,
in
Honour
of
his
Wife
Sophia
.
It
is
as
yet
a
large
,
populous
and
well-built
City
,
tho'
not
enclosed
with
Walls
,
and
for
sometime
the
See
of
an
Archbishop
.
It
is
also
at
present
the
usual
Place
of
Residence
of
the
Beglerbeg
or
chief
Governour
of
Rumelia
,
and
commonly
call'd
Triadizza
by
the
Turks
,
to
whom
it
hath
been
subject
ever
since
the
Time
of
their
Emperor
Amurath
II
.
who
subdued
it
,
together
with
all
the
adjacent
Territories
.
But
the
City
of
Sophia
is
more
especially
famous
for
one
of
the
greatest
General
Councils
,
convened
A.
C.
307
:
wherein
that
of
Nice
was
condemn'd
,
through
the
Artifices
of
the
Emperor
Constantius
.
SILISTRIA
is
the
second
Town
of
Note
,
esteemed
also
by
some
Persons
,
as
the
Chief
in
Bulgaria
,
and
the
Seat
of
a
Turkish
Sanjack
.
It
is
distant
18
miles
from
Nicopolis
to
the
South
,
and
70
from
Sophia
to
the
North
.
In
the
Road
leading
from
this
Place
to
Tomi
or
Trosmi
,
a
Place
noted
for
the
Confinement
of
the
Poet
Ovid
,
are
to
be
seen
the
Remains
of
a
Wall
built
by
the
Emperors
of
Constantinople
against
the
Inroads
of
the
barbarous
Nations
.
NICOPOLIS
or
Nigeboli
,
is
in
like
manner
the
principal
Town
of
a
Sangiack-Government
,
and
watered
by
the
River
Danube
,
about
74
miles
from
Sophia
,
almost
to
the
North
.
It
is
famous
for
the
Victory
which
Bajazet
I.
Emperor
of
the
Turks
gained
over
the
Christians
in
the
Time
of
Sigismund
King
of
Hungary
,
A.
D.
1396.
CHAP.
IV
.
ROMANIA
,
Romania
,
aut
Thracia
.
WHEN
the
Eastern
Emperors
had
establish'd
their
Seat
in
the
Kingdom
of
Thrace
,
they
gave
the
Name
of
Romania
to
this
Province
,
and
that
of
New
Rome
to
the
City
of
Constantinople
,
which
was
as
so
called
from
its
Founder
Constantine
the
Great
.
Romania
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Mount
Balkan
or
Haemus
,
that
separates
it
from
Bulgaria
,
on
the
South
by
the
Archipelago
,
on
the
East
by
the
Black
Sea
,
the
Thracian
Bosphorus
and
the
Sea
of
Marmora
,
and
on
the
West
by
Macedonia
,
being
extended
from
the
41st
Degree
to
the
44th
Degree
30
Minutes
of
Latitude
,
for
the
space
of
about
70
Leagues
and
110
from
the
49th
Degree
30
Minutes
to
the
57
Degree
of
Longitude
.
The
ancient
Thracians
at
first
had
their
particular
Kings
,
then
became
Tributary
to
the
Macedonians
,
and
were
made
subject
to
the
Romans
by
the
Proconsul
Caius
Scribonius
Curio
.
Afterward
they
were
compelled
to
submit
to
the
Destiny
of
the
rest
of
Greece
,
and
fell
under
the
Tyranny
of
the
Turks
,
who
are
now
the
only
absolute
Masters
of
all
their
Country
since
the
taking
of
Constantinople
by
Mahomet
II
.
A.
D.
1453.
The
Winds
that
blow
from
the
Coasts
of
the
Black-Sea
,
often
render
the
Air
cold
,
which
nevertheless
doth
not
hinder
the
Plague
from
being
very
frequent
in
these
Parts
.
The
Country
brings
forth
much
Corn
and
Fruit
,
and
even
affords
Wine
in
some
Places
,
together
with
Mines
of
Silver
,
Lead
and
Alum
in
the
Mountains
,
and
golden
Sands
in
the
Channel
of
the
Mariza
.
Great
quantities
of
Fish
are
caught
on
the
Coasts
,
and
more
especially
of
Oisters
.
The
Mariza
is
the
only
River
of
Note
,
and
takes
its
rise
at
the
foot
of
Mount
Rhodope
in
Macedonia
.
Moreover
,
at
the
distance
of
4
or
5
Leagues
from
the
Coasts
lies
the
Lake
of
Bastogna
,
which
expatiates
about
24
Leagues
in
compass
.
The
Government
of
this
Province
,
at
present
,
appertains
to
the
Beglierbeg
of
Rumelia
,
and
the
Grand
Signior
maintains
therein
certain
Cadies
or
Judges
to
administer
Justice
in
the
principal
Cities
.
The
Religion
of
the
Greek
Church
is
generally
embrac'd
here
,
notwithstanding
the
Persecution
of
the
Mahometans
.
The
Jews
,
in
like
manner
profess
theirs
with
much
Liberty
,
besides
some
Roman
Catholicks
.
CONSTANTINOPLE
,
Constantinopolis
,
heretofore
call'd
Byzantium
,
and
at
present
Stamboul
by
the
Turks
,
is
the
Metropolis
of
Romania
,
and
the
chief
Seat
of
the
Grand
Signior
or
Ottoman
Emperor
,
as
it
hath
been
before
of
the
Eastern
or
Grecian
,
being
most
advantagiously
situated
on
the
Thracian
Bosphorus
,
as
it
were
for
an
universal
Empire
,
overlooking
both
Europe
and
Asia
,
and
commanding
the
Euxine
or
Black-Sea
,
and
the
Propontis
or
that
of
Marmora
.
Its
Harbour
is
likewise
so
deep
and
capacious
that
the
Turks
name
it
by
way
of
Excellency
The
Port
of
the
World
.
And
indeed
the
great
Bassin
lying
between
Constantinople
and
Galata
,
makes
the
finest
Haven
in
the
Universe
,
round
which
one
may
take
a
View
of
the
City
itself
to
the
S.
the
2
Boroughs
Fondukli
and
Tophana
to
the
North
,
the
Town
of
Scutari
to
the
East
,
and
Galata
to
the
West
,
affording
the
most
magnificent
Object
that
can
be
seen
or
imagined
;
for
the
Buildings
,
extended
in
Form
of
an
Amphitheatre
,
so
as
to
be
discerned
all
at
once
,
the
Mixture
of
Cypress-trees
,
the
Houses
of
painted
Wood
,
and
the
Domes
of
the
Mosques
,
erected
on
the
highest
Ground
,
contribute
much
to
the
Beauty
of
this
admirable
Prospect
.
This
famous
City
was
first
founded
by
Pausanias
,
a
Lacedaemonian
General
,
about
660
Years
before
the
Nativity
of
Jesus
Christ
,
afterward
sackt
and
ruined
by
the
Roman
Emperor
Severus
,
and
at
length
re-edified
,
A.
C.
313
,
by
Constantine
the
Great
,
the
Son
of
Helena
,
who
caused
it
to
be
beautified
with
a
Capitol
,
a
Cirque
and
an
Amphitheatre
,
together
with
many
spacious
Courts
,
Portico's
and
other
stately
Edifices
,
according
to
the
Model
of
old
Rome
.
Moreover
he
established
a
Senate
therein
,
built
divers
magnificent
Churches
,
endowing
them
with
considerable
Revenues
,
founded
a
College
,
drew
thither
the
Greatest
and
most
Learned
Men
of
all
Parts
of
the
World
,
by
Largesses
and
liberal
Stipends
allowed
to
them
,
and
begun
a
Royal
Library
,
furnished
with
a
great
Number
of
Volumes
;
which
were
increased
by
his
Successors
to
120000.
before
it
was
burnt
,
under
the
Consulship
of
Basiliscus
.
The
City
of
Constantinople
is
built
in
a
triangular
Figure
,
almost
in
Form
of
a
Peninsula
,
and
its
Walls
are
washed
on
3
Sides
by
the
Sea
,
as
being
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Bay
formerly
called
Cornu
or
Chrysoceras
,
on
the
East
by
the
very
Mouth
of
the
Strait
or
Bosphorus
,
on
the
South
by
the
Propontis
,
and
only
on
the
West
by
the
Continent
of
Thrace
.
The
first
of
these
Angles
lies
toward
the
East
,
at
the
End
of
the
Promontory
of
the
Bosphorus
,
called
The
Point
of
the
Seraglio
;
the
second
to
the
South
on
the
Propontis
,
at
the
extremity
of
the
Walls
,
that
are
double
toward
the
Land
,
and
fortified
with
strong
Towers
;
the
third
is
the
lower
End
of
the
Port
turning
from
West
to
North
,
on
that
part
of
the
Gulph
,
which
bears
the
Name
of
the
Blaquernies
:
This
was
a
Suburb
,
where
formerly
stood
a
stately
Palace
and
a
Church
,
erected
by
the
Empress
Pulcheria
in
Honour
of
the
Virgin
Mary
.
Two
Winds
are
here
only
predominant
,
viz.
the
North
and
South
;
for
when
the
former
blows
nothing
can
come
from
the
Sea
of
Marmora
;
but
the
Ships
sailing
from
the
Black-Sea
,
have
a
very
fair
Gale
:
On
the
contrary
,
when
a
southerly
Wind
reigns
,
none
can
come
from
the
Black
,
whilst
there
is
a
free
Current
from
the
Sea
of
Marmora
or
the
White-Sea
.
Insomuch
that
these
Winds
are
,
as
it
were
,
the
two
Keys
of
Constantinople
,
that
open
and
shut
the
Passage
for
Vessels
,
and
when
both
cease
,
small
Pinnaces
are
row'd
with
Oars
.
In
fine
,
Constantinople
stands
on
7
Hills
,
raised
by
its
Founder
in
imitation
of
ancient
Rome
,
and
is
extended
for
the
space
of
14
miles
in
compass
,
affording
an
Habitation
to
almost
seven
hundred
thousand
Persons
of
both
Sexes
.
It
was
also
adorn'd
,
fortified
and
enlarged
by
other
Emperors
;
for
in
the
VIIIth
Century
the
double
Walls
toward
the
main
Land
were
almost
2
Leagues
round
,
those
next
the
Propontis
somewhat
more
,
and
those
on
the
Side
of
the
Gulph
and
Port
little
less
.
The
Emperor
Anastasius
enclos'd
the
Suburbs
(
every
one
of
which
might
be
justly
esteemed
a
Town
)
and
all
the
Houses
within
20
Leagues
of
the
City
,
with
a
prodigious
Wall
,
20
foot
broad
,
which
began
at
Pont-Euxin
,
and
reached
to
the
Propontis
.
Furthermore
,
Constantine
divided
his
New
Rome
into
14
Quarters
,
resembling
those
of
the
Old
,
every
one
whereof
was
beautified
with
sumptous
Buildings
,
viz.
the
Acropolis
or
Fortress
that
commanded
the
Entrance
of
the
Harbour
,
where
the
Seraglio
now
stands
;
the
Pharos
or
Watch-Tower
,
the
Gallery
of
Justinian
;
the
Bagnio's
of
Arcadius
,
Zeusippus
,
Constantine
and
Anastasius
,
the
Senate-House
;
the
Hippodrome
or
great
Cirque
;
the
Churches
of
S.
Euphemia
,
Anastasius
and
S.
Acacius
Martyr
;
the
Arsenal
;
the
Palaces
of
Constantine
,
Theodosius
,
Eudoxia
and
Arcadius
;
the
Imperial
Place
,
encompassed
with
a
double
Rank
of
Galleries
,
supported
by
fair
Pillars
;
the
grand
Obelisk
of
Thebes
in
Egypt
;
that
of
Constantine
the
Great
,
with
the
Pillar
of
Porphyry
,
on
which
was
erected
his
own
Statue
,
made
of
a
Colossus
of
Apollo
,
brought
from
Athens
;
the
Theodosian
Basilica
and
Pillar
;
the
Statue
of
Arcadius
on
Mount
Xerolophus
;
the
Court
of
the
Capitol
;
the
golden
mile
,
whence
all
Ways
begun
;
the
Temple
of
the
Apostles
founded
by
Constantine
,
and
rebuilt
by
Justinian
,
wherein
were
the
Emperor's
Tombs
,
and
on
the
Ruins
of
which
Mahomet
II
.
raised
the
stately
Mosque
still
bearing
his
Name
;
the
Town
of
Justinian
,
&c.
besides
the
famous
Church
dedicated
to
S.
Sophia
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
Divine
Wisdom
,
one
of
the
Master-pieces
of
Architecture
,
which
was
exactly
described
by
Procopius
,
and
deserves
a
more
particular
Narration
.
But
the
Ornaments
of
Constantinople
are
altogether
ruin'd
and
defaced
,
since
it
unhappily
fell
into
the
Turks
Hands
,
so
that
the
Footsteps
of
Constantine's
City
scarcely
remain
in
the
place
on
which
it
stood
;
for
the
Streets
are
narrow
and
uneven
,
and
the
Houses
so
low
that
they
may
more
rightly
be
termed
Cabbins
,
so
that
very
little
of
their
ancient
Grandeur
is
retain'd
,
excepting
the
Seraglio
or
Royal
Palace
of
the
Grand
Signior
;
those
of
some
Noblemen
,
some
Turkish
Mosques
,
publick
Bagnioes
,
Hospitals
and
Carvansera's
,
which
are
indeed
magnificent
Piles
of
Building
,
together
with
the
remainder
of
the
Porphyry
Pillar
,
the
Ruins
of
the
Palace
of
Blaquernes
,
and
about
2
or
3
more
,
besides
the
Church
of
S.
Sophia
;
which
noble
Fabrick
was
first
erected
by
Constantine
the
Great
,
but
being
consum'd
with
Fire
,
A.C.
530.
it
was
rebuilt
and
much
enlarged
by
the
Emperor
Justinian
,
within
the
space
of
6
Years
.
It
is
environed
with
Pillars
of
curious
Workmanship
and
beautiful
Galleries
,
the
Roof
being
adorn'd
with
Mosaick
Painting
,
and
the
Sides
and
Floor
lined
with
an
excellent
sort
of
Marble
.
Its
length
(
as
they
say
)
from
East
to
West
,
at
first
consisted
of
260
Feet
,
and
its
heighth
of
180
,
so
that
it
was
capab●e
of
containing
36000
Persons
at
once
;
but
this
largeness
hath
b●en
much
diminished
since
the
Turks
kept
it
in
their
Possession
,
by
whom
it
is
turned
into
a
Mosque
,
and
scarcely
any
other
Part
of
it
remains
than
that
which
is
properly
called
the
Chancel
.
It
would
be
too
tedious
here
to
exhibit
a
Narrative
of
all
the
Accidents
and
Revolutions
that
happen'd
in
this
Noble
City
since
its
Foundation
by
Constantine
,
to
the
Time
it
was
taken
by
the
Turks
,
there
being
never
an
Age
that
it
was
not
afflicted
with
a
Plague
,
Earth-quake
,
Fire
,
Civil
Wars
,
Inroads
of
barbarous
Nations
,
and
many
other
Calamities
.
For
in
the
Year
446.
it
was
oppressed
both
with
Plague
and
Famine
,
the
Grand
Church
was
burnt
,
and
a
great
number
of
People
were
slain
in
an
Uproar
in
the
Cirque
.
In
the
next
Year
it
was
shaken
by
a
terrible
Earth-quake
,
which
continued
6
Months
,
and
overthrew
divers
Houses
,
Under
the
Reign
of
Leo
,
surnamed
the
Old
,
and
the
Consulship
of
Basiliscus
,
in
465.
a
very
considerable
part
of
the
Town
was
almost
destroyed
by
Fire
,
which
brake
forth
violently
for
the
space
of
5
Furlongs
in
length
and
14
in
breadth
,
consuming
all
the
Temples
,
Palaces
,
Houses
and
Statues
that
stood
in
its
Way
.
When
Justinian
govern'd
the
Empire
,
about
A.
C.
557.
a
furious
Earthquake
had
like
to
have
prov'd
its
utter
Ruin
;
at
which
Time
strange
subterraneous
Noises
were
heard
,
and
when
they
ceased
the
Air
was
agitated
with
horrible
Whirl-winds
,
that
made
a
hideous
rumbling
,
and
quite
overturned
several
Churches
:
Which
gave
occasion
to
Justinian
to
re-edifie
them
more
magnificent
than
they
were
before
.
Constantinople
hath
also
been
often
besieged
by
the
Saracens
and
other
Barbarians
,
and
no
less
frequently
taken
,
more
especially
by
Constantinus
Copronymus
,
in
744.
and
by
the
French
in
1204.
who
retained
it
in
their
Hands
,
under
Emperors
of
their
own
Nation
,
during
58
Years
,
until
Michael
Palaeologus
found
means
to
surprize
the
Town
,
in
1261.
when
it
still
had
its
particular
Embellishments
,
which
have
been
long
ago
quite
spoiled
;
nevertheless
it
is
at
present
one
of
the
richest
,
most
populous
and
largest
Cities
of
Europe
.
Mahomet
II
.
Emperor
of
the
Turks
made
himself
absolute
Master
thereof
,
on
Tuesday
the
27th
of
May
,
A.
D.
1453.
after
having
slain
Constantine
,
the
XVth
of
that
Name
,
and
last
Emperor
of
the
Grecians
,
who
perished
,
together
with
the
Flower
of
their
Nobility
,
in
most
couragiously
defending
that
renowned
Metropolis
,
which
was
built
by
the
first
Constantine
to
be
a
second
Rome
.
As
for
the
Ecclesiastical
State
of
Constantinople
,
its
Bishoprick
(
according
to
the
Opinion
of
most
Historiographers
)
was
at
first
Suffragan
to
that
of
Heraclea
,
but
afterward
this
Place
being
made
the
Seat
of
the
Eastern
Empire
,
its
Church
in
process
of
time
,
became
the
Metropolitan
to
that
on
which
it
before
depended
,
and
the
Prelates
of
Heraclea
had
the
Privilege
to
consecrate
those
of
Constantinople
,
as
the
Bishops
of
Ostia
did
those
of
Rome
.
Moreover
the
Bishops
of
Constantinople
assume
the
Title
of
Patriarchs
,
and
the
IIId
Canon
of
the
IId
Council
held
therein
allows
them
the
first
Place
of
Dignity
after
those
of
Rome
,
as
being
the
second
Rome
;
not
to
mention
,
That
John
,
surnam'd
the
Younger
,
having
exercised
an
encroached
Authority
over
the
Eastern
Patriarch
,
first
styled
himself
the
Oecumenick
or
Universal
Pope
;
but
was
stifly
opposed
on
this
account
by
Gelasius
and
S.
Gregory
,
Bishops
of
Rome
,
the
former
of
whom
termed
it
A
new
Usurpation
,
and
the
other
more
passionately
call'd
it
,
A
proud
Name
,
full
of
Blasphemy
,
Error
and
Venom
:
Which
Dissention
happen'd
A.
C.
595.
Divers
Councils
have
been
likewise
assembled
at
Constantinople
,
the
first
whereof
,
or
second
General
,
was
held
A.
C.
381.
by
150
Bishops
,
under
the
Pontificate
of
Damasus
,
and
the
Reign
of
Theodosius
the
Great
;
the
main
Design
of
this
Convention
being
to
maintain
the
Doctrine
of
the
Council
of
Nice
,
which
had
been
impugned
in
several
false
Synods
,
to
condemn
the
Errors
of
Macedonius
,
and
to
re-establish
orthodox
Prelates
in
the
See
.
The
second
Council
of
Constantinople
,
which
is
the
fifth
General
,
was
convened
in
553.
under
Pope
Vigilius
and
the
Emperor
Justinian
,
on
purpose
to
quiet
the
Commotions
in
the
Church
,
raised
about
the
Affair
of
the
3
Chapters
and
the
Books
of
Origen
.
The
third
of
Constantinople
,
or
the
sixth
General
Council
was
call'd
by
Pope
Agathus
,
in
the
Time
of
Constantine
Pogonatus
,
against
the
Heresie
of
the
Monothelites
,
who
acknowleding
two
Natures
in
Jesus
Christ
,
yet
asserted
that
there
was
but
one
Operation
and
one
Will
:
They
were
condemned
in
this
Council
,
held
in
the
Chappel
of
the
Royal
Palace
,
called
Trullum
.
It
began
on
the
7th
Day
of
November
,
A.
C.
680.
and
ended
on
the
16th
of
September
,
in
the
Year
ensuing
.
The
fourth
Council
of
Constantinople
,
or
the
eighth
General
one
,
was
assembled
in
869.
against
the
Patriarch
Photius
,
under
Pope
Adrian
II
.
the
Emperor
Basil
the
Macedonian
in
the
East
,
and
Lewes
Son
of
Lotharius
in
the
West
.
Indeed
the
Greeks
do
not
admit
this
Council
,
but
another
that
the
same
Photius
,
being
replaced
on
the
See
of
Constantinople
,
after
the
Death
of
Ignatius
,
summoned
in
879.
and
presided
therein
(
as
they
say
)
over
383
Bishops
.
Besides
these
General
,
there
were
several
particular
Synods
,
more
especially
one
conven'd
by
Constantine
Copronymus
,
in
754.
against
the
Adoration
of
Images
,
which
consisted
of
330
Bishops
,
and
continued
from
the
10th
of
February
to
the
8th
of
August
.
Another
was
held
in
842.
under
the
Emperor
Michael
Porphyrogenneta
,
where
Image-Worship
was
re-establish'd
.
GALLATA
is
remarkable
for
its
situation
on
the
South-Side
of
a
steep
Hill
,
jetting
out
into
a
Promontory
on
the
North-Side
of
the
Harbour
.
It
may
well
be
esteemed
a
large
City
,
in
comprehending
the
Suburbs
that
lie
to
the
East
,
West
and
North
,
altho'
the
compass
of
its
Walls
takes
up
no
great
space
of
Ground
.
It
is
also
very
populous
,
being
inhabited
more
by
Christians
and
Jews
than
by
Turks
,
the
Houses
are
thick
and
the
Streets
narrow
.
On
the
Top
of
the
Hill
stands
a
round
Tower
,
adorn'd
with
high
Spires
,
and
cover'd
with
Lead
.
In
this
Place
is
established
a
common
Mart
for
Merchants
,
who
have
a
fair
Caravan
Serai
,
or
Store-house
,
leaded
and
beautified
with
Cupaloes
;
wherein
are
exposed
to
sale
certain
Woollen-Cloaths
called
Londros
,
and
divers
other
sorts
of
Merchandize
.
On
the
North-Side
of
Galata
are
the
Suburbs
named
PERA
by
the
Grecians
,
that
is
to
say
,
beyond
,
by
which
Name
they
sometimes
comprehend
Gallata
and
all
the
adjacent
Habitations
beyond
the
Harbour
from
Constantinople
.
It
consists
of
one
large
Street
,
that
runs
northward
,
and
is
crossed
by
several
others
,
affording
a
Seat
to
the
Foreign
Ambassadors
,
Envoys
and
Residents
.
SCUTARI
,
or
Scudaret
,
is
seated
over-against
the
Haven
,
between
two
Promontories
of
the
Seraglio
and
Gallata
,
being
a
very
large
Town
,
and
supposed
to
be
the
Chrysopolis
and
Dianae
Forum
of
the
Ancients
,
altho'
there
do
not
now
remain
any
Monuments
of
Antiquity
.
It
is
beautified
with
a
Royal
Mosque
,
built
and
endowed
by
the
Sultaness-Mother
,
as
also
a
House
of
Pleasure
,
or
Palace
of
the
Grand
Signior
:
And
not
far
from
hence
,
on
the
Brow
of
a
Hill
,
one
may
take
a
very
fair
Prospect
toward
Constantinople
,
Gallata
,
the
Propontis
and
the
Bosphorus
.
CHALCEDON
,
Chalcedon
was
built
by
the
Megarians
(
according
to
the
Report
of
Strabo
and
Eusebius
)
in
the
XIIIth
Olympiad
,
A
.
U
.
69.
A.C.
685.
and
some
Years
before
Byzantium
.
Indeed
it
was
once
a
very
considerable
City
,
and
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Metropolitan
See
.
Theramenes
the
Athenian
found
means
to
surprize
it
at
the
same
time
whilst
Alcibiades
took
Byzantium
,
AU
.
345.
Afterward
Mithridates
,
King
of
Pontus
,
having
subdued
Bithynia
,
besieged
Cottas
in
this
Place
A.
U
.
680.
but
was
repulsed
by
the
Roman
Consul
Lucius
Lucullus
.
In
the
IVth
Century
,
viz.
A.
C.
363.
Precopius
,
who
pretended
to
derive
his
Original
from
Julian
the
Apostate
,
made
himself
Master
thereof
,
and
having
entred
privately
into
Constantinople
,
usurped
the
whole
Empire
,
until
Valens
caused
him
to
be
put
to
Death
,
and
gave
Orders
to
demolish
the
Walls
of
Chalcedon
,
which
hath
since
degenerated
into
a
small
obscure
Town
,
called
Cadiqui
by
the
Turks
,
altho'
it
is
still
known
among
the
modern
Greeks
by
the
Name
of
Chalcedona
:
Neither
is
it
now
famous
for
any
thing
but
some
ancient
Sepulchral
Monuments
,
and
the
Memory
of
two
considerable
Councils
,
the
first
of
which
was
held
there
in
the
20th
Year
of
the
Reign
of
Constantine
the
Great
,
A.
C.
327.
and
the
other
conven'd
on
the
8th
Day
of
October
,
451.
wherein
630
Bishops
were
present
,
who
condemned
the
Errors
of
Eutyches
,
deposed
Dioscorus
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
and
erected
Chalcedon
into
an
Archbishop's
See
.
ABDERA
,
or
Asperosa
,
lies
on
the
Shore
of
the
Aegean-Sea
,
between
the
Mouths
of
the
Rivers
Nessus
and
Hebrus
,
about
15
miles
from
the
Bistonian
Lake
to
the
East
.
It
was
built
by
Abderus
the
Son
of
Diomedes
,
and
had
been
for
some
Time
a
Colony
of
the
Tejans
;
altho'
others
affirm
that
its
Name
was
taken
from
Abderus
,
one
of
the
Companions
of
Hercules
,
torn
in
Pieces
by
Diomedes's
Horses
.
The
Clazomenians
raised
it
to
so
high
a
degree
of
Grandeur
,
that
it
was
proverbially
termed
Abdera
the
Beautiful
;
nevertheless
,
the
Inhabitants
are
accused
of
Stupidity
by
Cicero
,
and
the
Horses
that
fed
in
the
adjacent
Meadows
often
ran
mad
,
which
gave
occasion
to
the
Proverb
,
Abderitica
Mens
,
to
denote
a
Lunatick
Person
.
Some
Authors
have
observed
,
That
the
Frenzy
with
which
these
People
were
seiz'd
,
was
usually
the
effect
of
a
preceeding
Fever
,
and
that
they
were
wont
to
walk
about
the
Streets
singing
Verses
and
acting
Stage-plays
.
Moreover
their
Territories
were
so
much
infested
by
Rats
and
Mice
,
that
they
were
at
length
obliged
to
depart
thence
,
and
transplant
themselves
into
Macedonia
.
GALLIPOLI
,
Gallipolis
stands
at
the
Mouth
of
the
Propontis
,
in
the
Thracian
Chersonese
,
on
a
Strait
of
the
same
Name
,
otherwise
call'd
S.
George's
Arm
,
and
the
Straits
of
the
Dardinels
,
but
formerly
the
Hellespont
,
110
miles
from
Constantinople
to
the
South
.
It
is
a
large
Town
,
extended
5
or
6
miles
in
compass
.
This
Place
was
heretofore
much
more
considerable
than
it
is
at
present
,
and
very
little
remains
of
its
ancient
Splendor
.
It
hath
two
Bays
on
the
North
and
South
,
convenient
for
Galleys
and
Boats
;
but
the
Southern
seems
to
be
more
safe
and
capable
of
containing
Ships
of
greater
Burden
:
On
the
Shore
are
also
some
dry
Stations
for
Vessels
.
The
Town
appears
more
advantagiously
from
without
than
within
,
as
does
most
of
those
in
Turkey
.
For
the
Mosques
or
Churches
,
and
Bezestans
or
places
of
Traffick
being
adorn'd
with
Cupalo's
cover'd
with
Lead
,
and
Minarets
or
high
slender
Steeples
,
together
with
the
Groves
of
tall
Cypress
Trees
afford
a
very
pleasant
Prospect
:
But
the
Houses
are
low
built
generally
of
Wood
and
Earth
,
the
Streets
narrow
,
and
often
cover'd
with
Wood
to
keep
off
the
Sun.
This
place
is
not
populous
with
respect
to
its
bigness
,
yet
the
number
of
Inhabitants
is
reputed
to
amount
to
12000
Turks
,
four
or
five
Thousand
Greeks
,
and
as
many
Jews
.
TRAJANOPOLI
,
Trajanopolis
a
Town
of
Thrace
,
bearing
the
Title
of
an
Arch-Bishoprick
,
was
at
first
call'd
Zernis
,
and
afterward
receiv'd
its
Modern
Name
from
the
Emperor
Trajan
.
It
is
distant
58
miles
from
Maximianopoli
to
the
West
,
23
from
Aprio
to
the
East
,
and
86
from
Adrianople
to
the
South-East
.
ADRIANOPLE
or
ANDERNOPOLI
,
Adrianopolis
,
aut
Hadrianopolis
took
its
Name
from
the
Emperor
Adrian
,
by
whom
it
was
repair'd
,
A.
C.
122.
and
is
seated
on
three
low
Hills
near
the
Confluence
of
the
Rivers
Darda
,
Tomagia
and
Mariza
,
at
the
distances
of
140
miles
from
Constantinople
to
the
West
;
165
from
Sofia
,
390
from
Belgrada
,
550
from
Bu●a
,
75
from
Philippopoli
,
and
80
from
the
Coasts
of
the
Archipelago
to
the
North
.
It
heretofore
bore
the
name
of
Oresta
,
from
that
of
Orestes
,
the
Son
of
Agamemnon
,
its
supposed
Founder
,
and
is
at
present
called
Endrem
by
the
Turks
,
who
made
themselves
Masters
thereof
under
Amurath
I.
A.
D.
1362.
since
which
time
it
continued
to
be
the
Royal
Seat
of
their
Princes
,
until
Mahomet
II
.
Sirnamed
the
Great
took
Constantinople
from
Constantine
Paloeologus
,
the
last
of
the
Eastern
Emperors
,
91
years
after
.
The
Grand
Signior
as
yet
often
resides
in
this
City
,
(
which
is
very
fair
and
large
,
and
well
built
,
)
by
reason
of
the
Plague
that
frequently
rageth
at
Constantinople
.
CHAP.
V.
GREECE
,
Grecia
.
THIS
large
Country
is
now
called
RUMELIA
by
the
Turks
,
and
heretofore
abounded
more
than
any
other
throughout
the
whole
Universe
,
in
Learned
Men
,
Prudent
Law-givers
,
and
valiant
Generals
,
but
at
present
affords
only
an
Habitation
to
unfortunate
Slaves
;
where
Ignorance
is
altogether
predominant
,
as
having
been
establish'd
in
those
parts
by
the
Great
Turk
,
through
a
Maxim
of
State
.
Divers
Territories
are
comprehended
under
this
Name
,
which
was
first
imposed
only
on
two
small
Provinces
,
that
is
to
say
,
Greece
proper
,
and
Thessaly
.
Afterward
the
same
Name
was
appropriated
to
Epirus
,
Macedonia
,
and
to
all
the
Islands
round
about
the
Continent
:
Moreover
Sicily
,
and
part
of
the
lower
Italy
was
termed
Magna
Graecia
,
and
the
adjacent
Territories
of
Asia
,
receiv'd
the
Denomination
of
Asiatick
Greece
.
In
Hellas
or
Greece
proper
,
were
compriz'd
Aetolia
,
Doris
,
Phocis
,
Attica
,
Megaria
,
Baeotia
,
and
the
Country
of
the
Locrians
;
but
now
Greece
may
be
distinguish'd
into
seven
principal
parts
,
which
in
time
past
,
constituted
many
Kingdoms
;
that
is
to
say
,
1.
Macedonia
,
2.
Thessaly
situated
on
the
Archipelago
,
3.
Albania
on
the
Gulph
of
Venice
,
4.
Epirus
on
the
Ionian
See
,
5.
Achaia
to
the
South
of
Epirus
and
Thessaly
,
6.
Peloponnesus
or
the
Morea
,
to
the
South
of
Achaia
,
separated
from
thence
by
the
Gulphs
of
Lepanto
and
Engia
,
7.
the
Islands
of
the
Archipelago
.
The
ancient
Grecians
were
the
Inventers
as
well
as
ingenious
Improvers
of
many
Arts
and
Sciences
;
being
the
first
Nation
that
submitted
to
Laws
,
and
found
out
the
best
Method
of
Political
Government
:
They
were
also
so
Renowned
for
their
Valour
in
the
Field
,
and
Civil
Prudence
at
home
,
that
divers
People
were
wont
to
resort
to
them
from
all
parts
of
the
World
,
either
to
be
instructed
in
the
liberal
Sciences
,
or
train'd
up
in
the
Art
of
War
.
The
most
Eminent
Law-givers
among
them
were
Cecrops
,
Draco
and
Solon
at
Athens
,
Lycurgus
at
Lacedaemon
,
Nicodora
at
Mantinea
,
Zeleucus
at
Locri
,
and
Minos
in
Crete
,
who
all
acquir'd
a
very
great
Reputation
,
insomuch
that
the
Romans
could
not
forbear
boasting
that
their
best
Laws
were
receiv'd
from
them
;
for
to
that
very
purpose
they
sent
Spurius
Posthumus
,
Aulus
Manlius
,
and
Publius
Sulpitius
into
Greece
,
to
be
inform'd
of
the
several
Constitutions
,
Customs
and
Manners
of
that
Country
.
As
for
their
Military
Atchievements
,
they
set
up
the
third
Universal
Monarchy
under
Alexander
the
Great
,
and
extended
their
Arms
into
several
remote
Parts
of
the
World
.
But
alas
!
how
much
are
the
present
Greeks
degenerated
from
their
Noble
Ancestors
?
How
is
their
former
Valour
exchang'd
for
Pusilanimity
;
and
their
sagacious
Wit
turn'd
into
supine
Stupidity
?
Indeed
,
both
their
Priests
and
Common
People
are
now
so
far
Cow'd
by
the
Turks
,
and
so
miserably
ignorant
,
that
to
get
a
little
more
ease
than
ordinary
,
they
often
renounce
the
Christian
Religion
to
embrace
Mahometism
,
being
ready
to
apostatize
even
in
every
small
Calamity
and
Discontent
that
happens
among
them
.
GREECE
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
a
long
Chain
of
Mountains
;
on
the
South
by
the
Mediterranean
Sea
;
and
the
East
by
the
Archipelago
or
White
Sea
;
and
on
the
West
by
the
Jonian
and
Adriatick
.
Its
utmost
extent
from
the
35
Deg
.
to
the
44
Deg
.
30
Min.
of
Latitude
consists
of
190
Leagues
,
and
of
about
150
from
the
44
Deg
.
30
Min.
to
the
57
Deg
.
of
Longitude
,
which
ought
to
be
understood
of
its
greatest
length
and
breadth
.
The
Air
is
extreamly
Temperate
and
Healthful
:
The
Soil
in
like
manner
affords
good
store
of
Corn
,
excellent
Grapes
,
and
other
most
delicious
Fruits
,
and
breeds
many
Herds
of
Cattel
,
together
with
variety
of
Game
.
MACEDONIA
,
a
vast
Province
of
Greece
formerly
a
famous
Kingdom
,
took
its
Name
from
one
Macedon
the
Son
of
Osiris
,
or
of
Jupiter
,
(
according
to
the
Report
of
Stephanus
and
Solinus
,
)
and
was
known
by
the
various
Names
of
Aemonia
,
Mygdonia
,
Paeonia
,
Edonia
,
Pieria
and
Aemathia
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Dalmatia
,
and
the
Mountains
of
Moesia
;
on
the
South
by
Epirus
,
on
the
East
by
the
Aegean
Sea
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Jonian
or
Adriatick
,
being
at
present
divided
into
four
parts
,
viz.
Macedonia
properly
so
call'd
,
Jamboli
,
Comenolitari
and
Janna
.
Caranius
descended
from
Hercules
,
is
reputed
to
have
first
founded
this
Monarchy
about
A.
M.
3240.
which
flourish'd
chiefly
under
King
Philip
,
and
his
Son
Alexander
the
Great
,
and
continu'd
nigh
500
Years
,
till
the
Reign
of
Persius
A.
U
.
586.
when
the
Romans
subdu'd
the
whole
Kingdom
,
and
reduc'd
it
into
the
form
of
a
Province
,
256.
Years
after
the
Death
of
Alexander
the
Great
,
and
after
a
Succession
of
41
Kings
.
Indeed
the
ancient
Macedonians
being
a
very
Warlike
People
,
through
the
prudent
Conduct
of
their
Princes
,
advanc'd
themselves
from
small
beginnings
to
that
height
of
Grandeur
,
that
they
became
Lords
of
150
different
Nations
,
and
are
also
very
much
commended
for
their
Generosity
,
in
severely
punishing
the
Crime
of
Ingratitude
.
In
these
Territories
are
found
divers
Mines
of
Gold
,
and
the
famous
Mount
Athos
or
Monte
Santo
;
which
takes
up
about
90
Miles
in
compass
,
and
is
advanced
as
it
were
a
Peninsula
into
the
Sea
.
It
is
also
of
so
prodigious
an
height
,
that
Pomponius
Mela
an
ancient
Geographer
affirms
that
it
ascends
even
beyond
the
lower
Region
of
the
Air
,
where
the
Clouds
are
form'd
;
and
Pliny
declares
that
its
shadow
reacheth
as
far
as
the
Isle
of
Lemnos
,
which
is
distant
45
Miles
from
thence
to
the
East
:
Moreover
on
this
Mountain
stand
24
Monasteries
of
Caloyers
,
or
Grecian
Monks
of
the
Order
of
St.
Basil
,
who
are
employ'd
in
Cultivating
the
Earth
,
and
gain
a
livelihood
through
their
own
labour
.
The
chief
of
these
Convents
,
viz.
those
of
Garopedos
,
and
Agias-laura
,
contain
600
Religious
Persons
,
and
the
others
5000.
The
greater
part
of
them
are
fortified
against
the
incursions
of
Pirates
,
and
all
the
Bishops
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
,
are
chosen
out
of
the
same
Colleges
.
And
indeed
the
Students
are
here
well
instructed
in
the
knowledge
of
the
Holy
Scriptures
,
and
the
Sacred
Rites
of
the
Greek
Church
,
on
which
account
it
is
termed
by
the
Grecians
,
{αβγδ}
or
the
Holy
Mountain
according
to
the
report
of
Bellonius
,
who
hath
accurately
describ'd
this
place
.
SALONICHI
,
or
Saloniki
,
Thessalonica
the
Metropolis
of
Macedonia
,
is
seated
on
a
small
River
at
the
foot
of
an
Hill
,
and
hath
a
very
commodious
Harbour
on
the
Bay
of
the
same
Name
,
being
distant
220
Miles
from
Durazzo
or
Drazzi
to
the
East
;
350
from
Constantinople
,
120
from
Sostia
to
the
South
,
and
only
38
hours
Journey
from
Larizza
.
It
is
yet
a
famous
large
Mart
Town
,
and
bears
the
Title
of
a
Metropolitan
See
,
being
well
fenc'd
with
a
Citadel
on
a
Hill
,
and
encompass'd
with
its
old
Walls
built
after
the
ancient
Method
of
Architecture
,
with
Turrets
or
Towers
at
certain
distances
,
and
extended
about
four
Leagues
in
compass
.
It
is
also
defended
by
two
other
Forts
,
the
least
of
which
stands
at
the
Landing-place
farthest
from
the
Walls
mounted
with
20
pieces
of
Cannon
.
The
Grand
Citadel
not
unlike
that
of
Constantinople
,
and
commonly
call'd
by
the
same
Name
,
viz.
The
seven
Towers
,
commands
the
whole
Town
from
the
top
of
the
Hill
,
at
the
foot
whereof
there
is
a
large
Suburb
having
its
particular
enclosure
.
William
,
King
of
Sicily
seiz'd
on
this
City
,
A.
D.
1180.
but
it
was
afterward
reduc'd
to
the
Obedience
of
the
Constantinopolitan
Princes
until
Andronicus
Palaeologus
Brother
to
the
last
Christian
Emperor
of
the
East
,
sold
it
to
the
Republick
of
Venice
in
1313.
by
reason
that
the
Gr●cians
were
no
longer
able
to
secure
it
against
the
inroads
of
the
Turkish
Forces
;
neverth●less
Sultan
Amurath
II
.
laid
Siege
thereto
,
and
at
length
after
many
Assaults
took
it
from
the
Venetians
.
So
that
the
Turks
have
been
ever
since
Masters
of
the
place
.
However
the
Greek
Christians
as
yet
retain
30
Churches
there
,
the
chief
of
which
is
the
Arch-Bishops
See
dedicated
to
St.
Demetrius
.
This
Cathedral
hath
three
several
Bodies
supported
by
fair
Pillars
,
and
(
as
they
say
)
was
sometimes
honour'd
with
the
Preaching
of
St.
Paul
.
There
are
also
five
Convents
of
the
Order
of
St.
Basilicus
,
every
one
of
them
maintaining
about
100
young
Virgins
,
who
may
(
if
they
think
fit
)
lay
aside
their
Religious
Habit
and
Marry
.
The
Churches
of
St.
Sophia
,
Gabriel
,
St.
Demetrius
,
and
the
Virgin
Mary
are
now
the
most
Magnificent
Turkish
Mosques
;
the
last
of
these
having
been
Converted
to
that
use
by
Mahomet
IV
.
who
was
depos'd
in
1687.
This
Noble
Structure
is
inviron'd
on
each
side
with
12
Pillars
of
Jasper
Stone
;
as
many
Crosses
being
set
up
on
their
Chapters
,
which
the
Turks
have
not
as
yet
defac'd
.
Moreover
the
Jews
have
36
Synagogues
here
,
especially
those
of
Castille
,
Portugal
and
Italy
,
besides
two
Colleges
that
contain
about
10000
Students
.
who
arrive
there
from
all
parts
of
the
Ottoman
Empire
.
Of
all
the
stately
pieces
of
Architecture
with
which
Thessalonica
was
was
heretofore
beautify'd
,
there
remains
at
present
nothing
so
remarkable
as
a
Triumphal
Arch
of
Brick-Work
,
supported
by
two
Marble
Pillars
,
beset
with
Trophies
,
and
many
other
curious
Pictures
:
But
this
ancient
Monument
is
now
half
demolish'd
,
and
so
much
shatter'd
through
the
injury
of
time
,
that
it
is
difficult
to
guess
on
what
occasion
it
might
be
erected
.
The
City
is
for
the
most
part
inhabited
by
Jews
,
and
well
frequented
by
reason
of
the
Traffick
there
establish'd
for
Silk
,
Wool
,
all
sorts
of
Leather
,
Cotton
,
Grain
,
Powder
,
Iron
,
&c.
As
for
its
Government
,
it
hath
a
Mufti
to
manage
all
Affairs
relating
to
Religion
,
a
Mousselin
for
its
chief
Civil
Magistrate
,
and
a
Molla
to
Administer
Justice
.
AMPHIPOLI
,
Amphipolis
,
call'd
Emboli
by
the
Turks
,
is
water'd
on
every
side
with
the
streams
of
the
River
Strymon
on
the
frontiers
of
Thrace
;
about
60
Miles
from
Salonichi
to
the
East
,
being
a
place
of
much
Antiquity
,
and
the
See
of
an
Arch-Bishop
.
Suffragan
to
the
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
.
It
was
heretofore
known
by
the
Names
of
Urbs
Martis
,
and
Novem
Vi●e
,
according
to
the
report
of
Suidas
,
and
the
Modern
Greeks
have
impos'd
on
it
that
of
Christopoli
.
Indeed
this
City
is
much
celebrated
in
the
ancient
History
of
Greece
;
for
Aristagoras
the
Milesian
,
escaping
by
flight
from
Darius
,
would
have
settled
here
in
the
LXIX
.
Olympiad
,
but
was
hinder'd
by
the
Edonians
;
and
the
Athenians
afterward
sent
thither
10000
Inhabitants
,
who
were
all
cut
off
by
the
Thracians
.
However
Aginon
the
Son
of
Nicias
,
found
means
to
establish
a
new
Colony
there
,
after
having
expell'd
the
Edonians
.
In
process
of
time
,
those
People
by
taking
part
with
the
Lacedemonians
against
the
Athenians
,
caus'd
the
War
to
be
renew'd
in
the
Reign
of
King
Philip
of
Macedon
.
Lastly
,
Amphipolis
was
taken
by
Perdiceas
,
in
the
LXXXIX
.
Olympiad
.
SIDEROCAPSA
,
is
a
small
Town
noted
only
for
the
Gold
Mines
in
the
adjacent
Territories
;
which
formerly
afforded
King
Philip
the
Father
of
Alexander
the
Great
no
less
a
Summ
than
1000
Talents
of
Gold
every
year
;
so
that
the
same
Prince
after
Crenidas
had
discover'd
them
,
gave
Orders
for
the
Stamping
a
new
Coin
call'd
Golden
Philips
.
These
Mines
sti●l
yield
the
Grand
Signior
a
Revenue
of
9
or
10000
Ducats
per
Month
,
and
there
are
about
five
or
six
Hundred
Furnaces
for
the
Melting
and
Refining
of
Gold
in
the
Mountains
near
this
place
.
ALBANIA
,
Albania
called
Arnaut
by
the
Turks
,
formerly
depended
on
the
Province
of
Macedonia
,
by
which
it
is
bounded
on
the
East
;
as
also
on
the
West
by
the
Adriatick
and
Ionian
Seas
;
on
the
North
by
Servia
and
Dalmatia
,
and
on
the
South
by
Livadia
.
It
is
extended
from
North
to
South
for
the
space
of
about
200
Miles
,
and
hath
been
entirely
subject
,
during
two
Ages
to
the
Dominion
of
the
Turks
,
excepting
Corcyra
and
two
other
smaller
Islands
on
the
Sea-Coasts
.
This
was
the
Native
Country
of
the
valiant
George
Castriot
,
Sirnamed
Scanderberg
,
who
gain'd
22
Battles
over
those
Infidels
.
And
was
at
last
wrested
out
of
the
Hands
of
his
Successors
by
Mahomet
II
.
But
at
present
the
Inhabitants
,
who
are
about
70000●
in
number
,
being
for
the
most
part
Christians
or
Renegadoes
,
shew
a
great
Disposition
to
shake
off
the
Turkish
Yoke
,
and
to
put
themselves
under
the
protection
of
the
State
of
Venice
.
Neither
is
it
unlikely
that
such
an
Enterprize
may
hereafter
take
effect
;
since
these
People
were
ever
famous
for
their
Valour
,
more
especially
the
swiftness
and
dexterity
of
their
Cavalry
,
to
whom
the
Turks
themselves
have
been
beholden
for
their
Victory
.
ALESSIO
,
ALESSO
or
ALES●O
,
Lisias
aut
L●ssus
,
t●e
Capital
City
of
Albania
,
is
situated
on
an
high
Hill
near
the
mouth
of
the
River
Drin
,
which
there
dischargeth
its
Waters
into
the
Bay
,
called
from
thence
the
Gulph
of
Drin
;
at
the
distance
of
20
miles
from
the
Promontory
of
Monte
Santo
to
the
East
,
25
from
Croia
to
the
North
,
and
35
from
Durazzo
toward
Scodar
,
almost
in
the
midst
between
Epidaurus
or
Ragusi
Vecchio
,
a
Town
of
Dalmatia
,
to
the
North
,
and
Aulona
,
or
Valona
,
another
of
Macedonia
,
to
the
South
.
It
is
fenc'd
with
a
Castle
,
and
its
Episcopal
See
was
formerly
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Durazzo
.
This
Town
is
particularly
famous
for
the
Tomb
of
that
Renowned
Warriour
Scanderbeg
,
who
died
there
,
A.
D.
1467.
and
for
whose
Memory
the
Turks
have
so
great
a
Veneration
,
that
they
esteem
themselves
very
fortunate
,
when
they
can
get
an
opportunity
to
come
near
his
Monument
,
and
to
carry
away
a
small
portion
of
the
Earth
,
or
a
piece
of
the
Sepulchre
,
which
they
tie
to
their
Elbows
as
a
precious
Relick
,
a
kind
of
Charm
of
great
Efficacy
to
animate
their
Courage
in
Battel
.
CROYA
or
CRUA
,
is
a
strong
Hold
of
considerable
importance
,
on
the
River
Lizane
,
and
was
formerly
the
See
of
a
Prelate
Suffragan
to
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Durazzo
;
being
distant
52
miles
from
Scutari
,
almost
to
the
South
.
It
hath
been
for
a
long
time
the
usual
place
of
Residence
,
of
the
above-mention'd
George
Castriot
,
Sirnamed
Scanderbeg
,
Prince
of
Al●ania
;
but
after
his
Death
Mahomet
II
.
Emperor
of
the
Turks
,
made
himself
Master
thereof
,
A
D.
1477.
DURAZZO
or
DRAZZI
,
Dyrrhachium
,
a
Celebrated
Sea-Port
Town
at
the
mouth
of
the
River
Argentaro
,
ow'd
its
first
foundation
to
the
Corsicars
,
or
People
of
Corfu
,
A.
U
.
130.
and
was
formerly
an
Arch-Bishop's
See
under
the
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
:
Its
ancient
Name
of
Epidamnus
was
chang'd
into
that
of
Dyrrhachium
by
the
Romans
,
when
they
settled
a
Colony
there
,
and
it
is
more
especially
famous
for
affording
kind
Entertainment
to
Cicero
during
his
Exile
,
until
he
was
recall'd
by
a
Decree
of
the
Roman
Senate
.
This
City
being
besieg'd
,
A.
U
.
315
by
a
company
of
Out-Laws
and
Banditto's
,
the
Citizens
sent
to
imploy
the
Assistance
of
the
Corinthians
,
whose
Auxiliary
Troops
were
defeated
by
the
Corsicans
:
Whereupon
the
Athenians
espousing
the
Interest
of
the
latter
,
a
small
quarrel
gave
occasion
to
the
Corinthian
War
,
and
became
as
it
were
the
leaven
of
the
Great
Peloponnesian
so
famous
in
the
Greek
History
.
Sultan
Bajazet
II
.
took
the
same
place
from
the
Venetians
in
the
XV
.
Century
;
but
it
is
not
much
Inhabited
,
by
reason
of
the
unwholsomness
of
the
Air
,
altho'
the
Harbour
be
very
commodious
,
being
distant
58
miles
from
Scurari
to
the
South
,
18
from
Croya
to
the
South-West
,
and
220
from
Brund●sium
or
Brindisi
in
Italy
.
ALBANOPOLI
,
Albanopolis
is
a
Town
of
a
small
extent
,
yet
formerly
reputed
to
be
the
Capital
of
the
whole
Province
of
Albania
.
It
is
distant
60
miles
from
Dyrrhachium
or
Durazzo
to
the
East
.
As
for
the
Cities
of
Antivari
and
Scutari
,
see
the
Description
of
them
in
Dalmatia
,
to
which
Province
they
more
properly
belong
.
THESSALY
,
Thessalia
,
a
very
pleasant
Country
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Macedonia
,
on
the
South
by
Achaia
,
on
the
East
by
the
Archipelago
,
and
on
the
West
by
Epirus
,
being
encompass'd
with
divers
noted
Mountains
,
viz.
Olympus
or
Elbos
,
Pindus
or
Mezzovo
,
Ossa
or
Cassovo
,
Oeta
or
Bunina
,
&c.
It
was
heretofore
known
by
various
Names
,
particularly
those
of
Aemonia
,
Dryopis
,
Hestiaeotis
,
Estiotis
,
Pelasgia
,
,
Argos
Pelasgicum
,
&c.
but
is
at
present
call'd
JANNA
,
from
a
Town
of
that
Denomination
.
It
is
also
divided
by
Strabo
into
four
Provinces
,
viz.
Thessaliotis
,
Phthiotis
,
Pelasgiotis
,
and
Hestiotis
.
The
Air
is
very
healthful
,
and
the
Soil
extreamly
fertile
,
bringing
forth
abundance
of
most
delicious
Figs
,
Water-Melons
,
Pomegranates
,
Oranges
,
Lemons
,
Citrons
,
Grapes
,
Almonds
,
Olives
,
Onyons
,
and
all
sorts
of
Grain
.
The
ancient
Inhabitants
of
this
Country
were
generally
well
bred
and
courteous
,
but
somewhat
gluttonous
,
which
gave
occasion
to
the
Proverb
,
Thessala
Bucca
,
to
signifie
a
Dainty
bit
.
They
were
very
much
addicted
to
Magick
,
having
been
instructed
in
those
Arts
by
the
Sorceress
Medea
,
and
very
dextrous
in
forging
Counterfeit
Coin
.
They
were
also
the
first
that
tam'd
Horses
,
and
set
forth
Ships
to
Sea
.
The
Modern
Thessalians
being
for
the
most
part
Christians
,
are
a
warlike
People
,
and
remarkable
for
their
comliness
,
having
Black
Hair
and
Eyes
,
and
their
Faces
of
a
beautiful
sanguine
fresh
Colour
.
The
Province
of
Thessaly
was
for
a
long
time
govern'd
by
its
particular
Princes
,
but
was
afterward
subdu'd
by
the
Macedonians
and
Romans
,
and
at
length
became
subject
to
the
dominion
of
the
Turks
since
the
time
of
Sultan
Amurath
.
Deucalion
was
one
of
the
most
ancient
Kings
,
in
whose
time
happen'd
a
Deluge
by
the
inundation
of
the
River
Peneus
,
so
much
celebrated
in
the
Writings
of
the
Poets
.
He
reign'd
in
the
same
Age
with
Cecrops
the
first
King
of
Athens
,
349
years
before
the
destruction
of
Troy
.
Hellen
his
Son
gave
name
to
a
considerable
part
of
Greece
,
and
Dorus
his
second
Son
impos'd
his
on
the
Dorians
near
Mount
Parnassus
.
Xuthius
the
third
begat
Aehaeus
,
Founder
of
the
Peloponnesian
Achaeans
,
and
Ion
his
second
Son
was
chief
of
the
Inhabitants
of
Attica
.
LARISSA
,
Larissa
nam'd
Asababa
by
the
Turks
,
is
pleasantly
seated
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Peneus
or
Salampria
,
on
a
rising
ground
at
the
distance
of
28
miles
from
the
Gulph
of
Salonichi
to
the
West
,
25
from
Pharsalus
or
Farsa
to
the
North
,
as
many
from
Diurn
or
Stadia
,
160
from
Athens
to
the
North-West
,
and
380
from
Constantinople
to
the
South-West
.
It
is
dignify'd
with
the
Title
of
a
Metropolitan
See
,
and
is
one
of
the
most
flourishing
Cities
of
Greece
,
by
reason
that
the
late
Grand
Signior
kept
his
Court
there
almost
20
years
together
.
His
Palace
stands
in
the
upper
part
of
the
Town
,
the
Northern
side
being
environ'd
with
the
famous
Mountain
Olympus
,
and
the
Southern
with
a
Plain
inhabited
by
Christians
,
Turks
and
Jews
.
There
is
also
to
be
seen
a
fair
Stone-Bridge
over
the
River
,
consisting
of
nine
Arches
.
This
City
was
founded
by
Acrisius
,
A.
M.
2745.
and
hath
been
heretofore
remarkable
for
the
Birth
of
Achilles
.
It
was
taken
from
the
Empire
by
Samuel
King
of
Bulgaria
,
A.
C.
981.
ARMIRO
,
Eretria
a
considerable
Sea-Port
Town
lying
on
the
Sinus
Pelasgicus
,
now
call'd
from
thence
the
Gulph
of
Armiro
,
about
17
English
miles
from
Larissa
to
the
South
.
It
is
mention'd
by
Strabo
,
Thucydides
,
Polybius
,
Stephanus
,
Livy
,
and
other
ancient
Writers
,
by
some
of
whom
we
are
inform'd
,
that
the
Argonauts
set
Sail
out
of
this
Bay
,
when
they
were
bound
for
Colchis
to
fetch
the
Golden
Fleece
;
and
that
their
Ship
nam'd
Argo
,
was
built
at
Pagase
,
a
Neighbouring
place
situated
in
the
same
Bay
.
It
hath
been
also
observ'd
,
that
the
Royal
Navy
of
Xerxes
King
of
Persia
was
here
sorely
shatter'd
by
a
Tempest
,
and
the
whole
Country
of
Greece
by
that
means
deliver'd
from
his
invasion
.
VOLO
,
Pagasa
aut
Pagasae
,
formerly
communicated
its
name
to
Pagasicus
Sinus
a
Gulph
of
Thessaly
,
to
the
North
of
Negropont
,
and
was
guarded
by
strong
Towers
,
built
after
the
ancient
method
of
Fortification
.
This
Fortress
hath
as
yet
a
convenient
and
spacious
Harbour
,
and
was
not
long
since
a
considerable
Magazine
of
the
Turks
,
wherein
were
kept
the
Provisions
which
they
had
gather'd
in
the
circumjacent
fruitful
Provinces
,
until
it
was
storm'd
by
Signior
Morosini
the
Venetian
General
,
A.
D.
1683.
who
found
there
above
four
millions
of
pounds
weight
of
Bisket
,
together
with
other
Victuals
,
and
27
Pieces
of
Cannon
,
which
when
he
had
convey'd
thence
in
Vessels
,
he
set
fire
to
the
Magazines
,
Houses
and
Mosques
,
and
caus'd
all
the
Walls
of
the
Town
to
be
entirely
demolish'd
.
PHARSALUS
,
now
call'd
FARSA
,
is
chiefly
famous
for
that
memorable
defeat
of
P●mpey's
Forces
,
by
Caesar
,
in
the
Neighbouring
Plain
call'd
Pharsalia
,
A.
U
.
607.
This
place
was
first
made
an
Episcopal
See
,
subject
to
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Larissa
,
and
afterward
erected
into
a
Metropolitan
under
the
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
.
SCOTUSA
is
a
small
City
,
and
the
See
of
a
Prelate
,
Suffragan
to
the
Arch-Bishop
of
Larissa
;
from
whence
it
is
distant
18
miles
to
the
West
.
But
we
must
not
confound
it
with
another
Town
of
the
same
name
in
Macedonia
.
EPIRUS
,
Epirus
at
first
call'd
Molossia
,
and
afterward
Chaonia
,
from
Chaon
,
the
Brother
of
Helenus
,
was
heretofore
a
distinct
Kingdom
;
but
in
process
of
time
united
to
that
of
Macedonia
,
by
which
it
is
bounded
on
the
North
,
as
also
on
the
East
by
Thessaly
;
on
the
South
by
Achaia
or
Livadia
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Ionian
Sea
.
This
Coun
ry
in
time
past
fed
many
Herds
of
excellent
Oxen
and
Horses
,
and
was
very
populous
,
being
every
where
beset
with
a
great
number
of
Towns
:
But
the
Romans
so
often
harras'd
it
after
divers
Revolts
of
the
Inhabitants
,
that
it
was
at
length
almost
reduc'd
to
a
Desert
.
The
Turks
rendred
themselves
absolute
Masters
thereof
in
the
XIV
.
Century
,
excepting
the
Island
of
Corfu
,
which
remain'd
in
the
Hands
of
the
Venetians
,
who
have
Conquer'd
some
places
during
the
late
War
.
LARTA
or
AMBRACHIA
,
Ambracia
and
Arta
,
took
its
ancient
name
from
Arbraceus
,
the
Son
of
Thesprotus
,
being
remarkable
on
the
account
of
its
situation
on
a
Gulph
of
the
same
name
,
and
for
having
sometimes
afforded
a
Royal
Seat
to
the
Kings
of
Epirus
;
as
JANNINA
or
JOANNINA
,
now
doth
to
a
Sangiack
or
Turkish
Governor
.
Larta
is
distant
24
miles
from
Preveza
to
the
North-East
,
and
still
subject
to
the
Dominion
of
the
Ottoman
Port
.
PREVEZA
stands
at
the
mouth
of
the
Gulph
of
Larta
,
and
sprung
up
out
of
the
Ruins
of
that
ancient
City
Nicopolis
,
which
was
founded
by
the
Emperor
Augustus
,
in
Memory
of
the
famous
Battel
of
Actium
;
that
he
had
gain'd
from
Mark
Antony
.
It
is
at
present
a
Fortress
of
considerable
strength
,
seated
at
the
distance
of
90
miles
from
Lepanto
to
the
North-West
,
and
150
from
Larissa
to
the
South-West
.
In
the
year
1539.
Marco
Grimani
Patriarch
of
Aquileia
,
and
Admiral
of
the
Popes
Gallies
,
accompanied
with
Andrea
Doria
General
of
the
League
,
endeavour'd
to
surprize
this
place
,
but
their
design
did
not
take
effect
.
However
Captain
General
Mor●sini
reduc'd
it
to
the
Obedience
of
the
State
of
Venice
,
in
1684.
CHIMERA
is
a
very
strong
Town
built
on
a
Rock
near
the
Sea-Coasts
,
30
miles
from
the
Island
of
Corfu
to
the
North
.
It
is
the
Capital
of
a
Territory
of
the
same
name
,
and
as
yet
remains
in
the
possession
of
the
Turks
.
ACHAIA
,
Achaia
call'd
also
LIVADIA
by
Modern
Authors
,
whereto
in
time
past
,
the
name
of
Greece
was
more
particularly
appropriated
,
compriz'd
on
the
Eastern
side
,
the
Countries
of
Baeotia
,
Megaris
,
and
Attica
,
or
the
Duchy
of
Athens
;
in
the
midst
those
of
Doris
and
Phocis
,
where
stood
the
renowned
Oracle
of
Delphos
,
together
with
the
Mountains
of
Helicon
and
Parnassus
,
so
much
celebrated
in
the
Writings
of
the
Poets
.
On
the
Western-side
lye
the
Territories
of
Aetolia
and
Locris
.
This
Province
hath
Thessaly
for
its
Northern
limits
,
being
also
bounded
on
the
East
by
the
Aegean
Sea
;
on
the
South
by
the
Gulph
of
Egina
,
or
Engia
the
Isthmus
of
Corinth
,
and
the
Gulph
of
Lepanto
;
and
on
the
West
by
the
Ionian
Sea
,
and
part
of
Epirus
.
But
the
name
of
Achaia
is
sometimes
appropriated
to
a
small
part
of
Peloponnesus
,
or
the
Morea
,
which
was
termed
Achaia
propria
by
Ptolemey
,
to
distinguish
it
from
the
former
,
and
is
now
nam'd
Romania
Alta
,
and
the
Duchy
of
Clarentia
.
Lastly
,
Achaia
is
sometimes
taken
for
the
whole
Peninsula
of
the
Morea
.
We
are
inform'd
by
Pausanias
,
that
those
Persons
that
wash'd
their
Bodies
with
the
Waters
of
Slemnos
,
a
River
of
Achaia
,
were
wont
to
forget
their
Amorous
Intrigues
;
and
Pliny
tells
us
,
that
the
Wine
of
the
same
Country
caus'd
Women
to
Miscarry
.
It
is
suppos'd
that
St.
Andrew
the
Apostle
suffer'd
Martyrdom
here
,
and
some
Authors
have
writ
the
History
of
his
Passion
,
whereof
they
pretend
to
have
been
Witnesses
.
ATHENS
,
Athenae
,
or
ATHINI
,
according
to
the
pronunciation
of
the
Modern
Grecians
,
took
its
name
from
the
Goddess
Minerva
,
call'd
{αβγδ}
in
Greek
,
who
was
there
chiefly
ador'd
,
and
is
situated
almost
in
the
middle
of
a
large
Plain
,
between
the
Rivers
Ciphisus
and
Ilissus
,
at
the
distance
scarcely
of
one
mile
from
the
Gulph
of
Aegina
or
Engia
,
44
from
Corinth
to
the
East
,
24
from
Megara
,
50
from
Thebes
to
the
South-East
,
120
from
Lacedemon
almost
to
the
North
,
160
from
Larissa
to
the
South-East
,
and
420
from
Constantinople
to
the
South-West
.
It
was
heretofore
the
Metropolis
of
Greece
,
more
particularly
of
the
Province
of
Attica
,
and
one
of
the
most
famous
and
flourishing
Cities
of
the
Universe
,
whether
you
consider
its
Antiquity
,
Power
,
Grandeur
of
its
Republick
,
Senate
and
Academy
,
or
any
other
advantage
that
can
render
a
place
illustrious
and
renowned
in
the
World
:
Neither
hath
any
other
Town
had
a
larger
share
in
both
good
and
bad
fortunes
than
Athens
.
It
hath
been
for
a
long
time
as
it
were
the
Seat
of
the
Muses
,
and
the
Nursery
of
all
Arts
and
Sciences
:
But
now
alas
!
the
Scene
is
quite
chang'd
,
and
it
hath
been
thrown
down
,
though
not
utterly
ruin'd
by
the
Fury
of
the
Destroyer
,
together
with
all
the
other
Noble
Cities
of
the
East
.
And
indeed
there
are
few
in
Turky
that
have
escap'd
so
well
as
this
,
or
that
have
enjoy'd
greater
priviledges
under
the
Ottoman
Tyranny
;
being
as
yet
the
Capital
of
a
Duchy
of
the
same
name
,
and
the
See
of
an
Arch-Bishop
.
As
for
its
Original
,
it
was
founded
(
as
the
most
judicious
Historians
agree
)
by
Cecrops
,
after
he
had
reduc'd
the
Inhabitants
of
Attica
,
the
Offspring
of
the
Carians
and
Ionians
,
under
a
political
Government
,
and
at
the
same
time
advanc'd
himself
to
the
Throne
,
imposing
the
name
of
Cecropia
on
the
whole
Territory
,
which
happen'd
(
as
't
is
suppos'd
)
not
long
after
Deuc●lions
Flood
,
830.
years
before
the
building
of
Rome
,
and
about
1580.
before
the
Nativity
of
Jesus
Christ
.
Cecrops
enacted
many
excellent
Laws
and
Constitutions
,
and
divided
his
new
Kingdom
into
Twelve
Principal
Cities
,
every
one
of
which
had
Courts
of
Judicature
,
and
its
peculiar
Magistrates
,
and
were
so
little
subject
to
their
Princes
his
Successors
,
that
they
seldom
or
never
consulted
them
,
excepting
only
in
Cases
of
some
imminent
or
publick
Danger
:
But
still
Cecropia
was
the
chief
Seat
of
their
Empire
,
and
daily
increas'd
in
Wealth
,
Grandeur
,
and
Strength
;
until
Ericthonius
the
fourth
King
of
Attica
being
admonish'd
by
the
Oracle
,
that
Neptune
and
Minerva
strove
who
should
have
the
Honour
of
giving
a
new
Name
to
his
City
,
conven'd
a
General
Assembly
of
the
People
,
wherein
both
Sexes
having
their
free
Voices
,
Minerva
carry'd
it
,
and
had
the
Victory
by
one
Vote
:
Whereupon
ever
since
that
time
the
City
was
call'd
Ahenae
,
or
Athens
,
from
Athene
,
the
Greek
Name
of
that
Goddess
,
in
Memory
whereof
the
Attick
Games
term'd
Panathenaea
,
were
publickly
Celebrated
.
Thus
Athens
continu'd
a
Monarchy
about
550.
years
,
until
the
Death
of
Codrus
the
Son
of
Melanthus
,
the
seventeenth
and
last
King
,
a
Prince
less
fortunate
than
magnanimous
;
who
being
inform'd
by
the
Oracle
during
the
Invasion
of
the
Dorians
,
that
They
should
be
Conquerors
whose
King
was
slain
,
preferr'd
his
Country's
safety
before
his
own
Life
;
for
having
put
himself
into
a
disguise
,
he
rush'd
in
among
the
thickest
of
his
Enemies
,
and
bravely
died
to
save
his
Subjects
;
which
Fact
was
no
sooner
known
,
but
the
Dorians
gave
ground
,
and
retreated
without
performing
any
notable
Enterprize
.
Insomuch
that
the
Athenians
in
reverence
to
Codrus
,
would
never
be
perswaded
to
admit
any
Governor
by
the
name
or
title
of
King
,
but
were
govern'd
by
Magistrates
call'd
Archontes
for
600
years
after
,
who
were
at
first
chosen
for
their
whole
Lives
,
then
chang'd
every
ten
years
,
and
afterwards
every
year
;
under
whom
they
most
valiantly
defended
their
Liberty
and
Territories
for
the
space
of
534
years
,
until
the
Tyrant
Pisistratus
seiz'd
upon
the
Goverment
.
Afterward
they
encounter'd
the
Persians
,
and
with
inconsiderable
Forces
in
proportion
to
their
Enemies
,
defeated
the
numerous
Armies
of
Darius
and
Xerxes
,
chiefly
through
the
Courage
and
prudent
Conduct
of
their
valiant
Generals
Miltiades
and
Themistocles
.
The
most
noted
of
these
Victories
were
that
of
Marathon
,
obtain'd
at
Land
,
against
a
Million
of
Men
,
of
whom
(
as
they
say
)
50000
scarcely
escap'd
;
and
the
memorable
Sea-fight
at
Salamis
against
Xerxes's
Navy
.
They
also
maintain'd
War
against
divers
other
Nations
with
various
success
,
more
especially
against
the
Lacedaemonians
,
with
whom
they
often
contended
for
the
Soveraignty
of
Greece
:
However
the
latter
took
Athens
,
and
impos'd
on
the
Citizens
30
Tyrants
for
their
Governours
.
But
they
were
soon
deliver'd
from
this
slavery
by
the
Policy
and
Valour
of
Thrasybulus
,
and
at
last
through
the
assistance
of
the
Thebans
,
under
that
renowned
General
Epaminondas
,
they
entirely
subdu'd
the
Spartans
their
Enemies
at
the
Battel
of
Leuctra
.
Insomuch
that
the
Athenians
became
absolute
Masters
of
the
Aegean
Sea
,
and
of
the
greater
part
of
the
Islands
therein
,
carry'd
their
Conquests
even
to
the
Frontiers
of
Egypt
,
and
(
according
to
the
report
of
Aristophanes
,
)
had
no
less
than
1000
Cities
under
their
Dominion
.
But
in
process
of
time
,
having
abandon'd
themselves
altogether
to
Luxury
and
Idleness
,
they
degenerated
so
far
,
that
the
Macedonians
under
King
Philip
and
his
Son
Alexander
the
Great
took
an
opportunity
to
advance
their
Monarchy
,
and
extended
it
by
little
and
little
over
the
whole
Continent
of
Greece
.
After
the
Death
of
Alexander
,
the
Athenians
in
vain
endeavoured
to
recover
their
Liberty
;
yet
in
some
measure
enjoy'd
it
under
the
Protection
of
the
Romans
,
until
they
ruined
themselves
by
siding
with
Mithridates
King
of
Pontus
in
his
unsuccessful
Wars
;
for
Sylla
,
to
revenge
the
Injury
,
plundered
the
City
,
set
Fire
to
the
Pyraeum
and
Munichia
,
sparing
neither
Sacred
nor
Profane
Places
in
his
Fury
,
put
the
most
part
of
the
Inhabitants
to
the
Sword
,
and
would
have
destroyed
all
,
had
not
the
Night
favour'd
the
escape
of
some
.
They
were
in
like
manner
unfortunate
afterward
,
in
taking
the
weaker
Side
in
the
Wars
between
Caesar
and
Pompey
.
But
Caesar
,
a
no
less
merciful
than
valiant
Conqueror
(
to
use
his
own
Expression
)
pardoned
the
Living
for
the
sake
of
the
Dead
;
altho'
after
his
Death
they
shewed
themselves
ungrateful
to
his
Memory
,
in
erecting
Statues
to
his
Murderer
Brutus
;
on
which
account
,
Augustus
succeeding
in
the
Empire
,
took
from
them
the
Isle
of
Aegina
.
In
the
Time
of
Claudius
Caesar
S.
Paul
arrived
at
Athens
,
and
having
in
his
Way
observ'd
an
Altar
dedicated
to
the
unknown
God
,
took
an
occasion
to
preach
to
them
the
true
God
,
the
Creator
of
all
things
,
whom
,
till
then
,
they
had
worshipped
in
Ignorance
.
At
this
Sermon
,
among
many
others
,
Dionysius
a
Senator
of
the
chief
Court
Areopagus
,
embrac'd
the
Christian
Faith
,
and
was
deservedly
ordain'd
by
the
Apostle
to
be
the
first
Bishop
of
Athens
,
so
that
this
Church
became
very
considerable
;
for
a
great
number
of
Athenians
,
animated
by
the
Example
of
their
Bishop
Publius
,
suffered
Martyrdom
under
the
Emperor
Adrian
,
A.
C.
123.
Among
the
Christian
Emperors
,
Constantine
the
Great
was
their
peculiar
Patron
and
Benefactor
,
honouring
their
Governours
with
the
Title
of
Archduke
;
and
through
the
Bounty
of
Constantine
II
.
they
obtain'd
several
Isles
in
the
Archipelago
.
But
under
Arcadias
they
were
obliged
to
submit
to
the
common
Fate
of
the
rest
of
Greece
;
as
also
all
Italy
,
being
miserably
harrass'd
and
pillag'd
by
Alaricus
King
of
the
Goths
.
The
City
of
ATHENS
is
encompassed
on
the
North
with
the
Mountain
Parnes
,
now
call'd
Chasha
and
Nozea
,
on
the
North-east
by
that
of
Pentelicus
or
Pendely
6
miles
off
,
that
of
Hymettus
or
Telo-bouni
from
East
to
South
about
5
miles
distant
;
and
the
Hills
Coridalia
,
now
Daphni-bouni
,
reaching
from
West
to
almost
North
,
at
6
or
7
miles
distance
.
Nearer
to
the
Town
stands
a
little
pointed
Rock
,
call'd
from
a
Chappel
ercted
on
its
Top
,
S.
George's
Mountain
,
which
is
probably
the
Anchesmus
of
Pausanias
,
and
lies
about
a
mile
off
the
Town
.
The
Stream
of
the
River
Ilissus
flows
by
it
South-east
,
and
turneth
round
it
South
and
South-west
by
the
Hill
heretofore
nam'd
Musaeum
,
whence
it
falls
into
the
Channel
of
the
Cephisus
;
which
taking
its
rise
from
several
Springs
on
Mount
Parnes
and
Pentelicus
,
runs
by
the
City
North-east
,
about
3
miles
distant
from
it
,
and
waters
in
its
Passage
a
Wood
of
Olive
Trees
,
at
least
6
miles
long
,
and
1
or
2
broad
,
which
is
now
the
greatest
Wealth
and
Ornament
of
the
Athenian
Plain
.
The
City
itself
,
standing
North
of
the
Citadel
,
and
so
covered
by
it
that
it
hardly
appears
on
that
Side
toward
the
Sea
,
is
extended
for
the
space
of
a
mile
and
an
half
in
length
,
in
breadth
somewhat
above
a
mile
,
and
4
in
compass
,
but
is
destitute
of
Walls
,
insomuch
that
it
hath
been
frequently
surpriz'd
by
Pirates
,
until
some
Years
ago
all
the
Avenues
were
secured
by
Gates
,
and
the
utmost
Houses
were
made
to
serve
instead
of
Walls
;
which
are
shut
up
every
Night
,
and
reasonably
well
defended
against
the
Inroads
of
those
roaving
Corsairs
.
The
Houses
are
built
close
together
,
and
the
Streets
very
narrow
,
the
whole
City
being
divided
into
8
several
Quarters
or
Parishes
,
commonly
call'd
Platoma
,
besides
the
Castle
.
The
Harbour
,
formerly
known
by
the
Name
of
Portus
Phalereus
,
and
now
by
that
of
Il
Porto
,
which
is
distant
2
miles
from
thence
,
and
was
sometimes
joyn'd
by
a
long
Wall
,
hath
been
by
degrees
so
stopt
up
with
Sand
,
that
it
is
now
scarcely
capable
of
containing
Vessels
of
a
small
Size
.
There
are
many
notable
Monuments
of
Antiquity
yet
remaining
at
Athens
,
which
may
well
be
preferred
before
those
of
any
other
Place
in
the
World
,
Rome
only
excepted
:
The
chief
of
these
is
the
Acropolis
or
Citadel
,
being
the
most
ancient
and
eminent
part
of
the
City
,
that
had
at
first
no
other
Inhabitants
but
such
as
dwelt
within
those
Walls
;
afterwards
,
in
times
of
its
greatest
Prosperity
,
it
serv'd
as
a
Castle
,
situated
in
the
middle
of
the
Town
,
and
is
even
still
applied
to
that
use
,
altho'
it
now
stands
somewhat
above
to
the
South-west
;
the
other
Buildings
,
that
anciently
encompassed
it
,
being
utterly
destroyed
.
This
famous
Fortress
is
built
on
a
long
Rock
,
with
inaccessible
Precipices
on
every
Side
,
but
the
North-west
End
,
where
you
mount
by
a
steep
Ascent
to
the
Entrance
,
and
which
is
better
fortified
than
the
rest
with
high
thick
Walls
:
The
whole
Rock
,
of
an
Oval
Form
,
stretcheth
it self
forth
about
1200
ordinary
Paces
in
circumference
,
and
is
surrounded
with
Walls
of
a
very
ancient
Workmans●ip
,
making
an
Area
,
twice
as
long
as
broad
.
About
200
Paces
lower
,
yet
not
altogether
at
the
Bottom
of
the
Hill
,
are
distinctly
to
be
seen
the
Foundations
of
other
Walls
,
encompassing
the
first
almost
quite
round
,
which
may
well
be
suppos'd
to
be
those
erected
by
Theseus
,
who
first
enlarged
the
City
.
The
other
noble
Monuments
are
,
The
Temple
of
Minerva
,
the
chief
Goddess
of
the
Athenians
(
which
is
not
only
still
the
chief
Ornament
of
the
Citadel
,
but
both
for
Matter
and
Art
the
most
beautiful
Piece
of
Antiquity
now
extant
in
the
World
)
the
Theatre
of
Bacchus
,
under
the
Southern
Side
of
the
Castle
;
the
Panagia
Spiliotissa
,
or
Church
of
our
Lady
of
t●e
Grotto
;
the
most
magnificent
Pillars
,
Gate
and
Aqueduct
of
the
Emperor
Adrian
;
the
Stadium
,
or
Place
where
anciently
the
Citizens
ran
Races
,
fought
wild
Beasts
,
and
celebrated
the
Games
call'd
Panathenaea
;
the
Hill
Musaeum
,
so
called
from
the
Poet
Musaeus
,
the
Disciple
of
Orpheus
,
who
was
wont
there
to
recite
his
Verses
;
the
Ruins
of
the
Areopagus
;
the
Odeum
or
Musick
Theatre
;
the
Temples
of
Theseus
,
Augustus
and
Jupiter
Olympius
,
the
Tower
of
Andronicus
Cyrrhastes
,
or
Temple
of
the
eight
Winds
;
and
the
Phanari
or
Lanthorn
of
Demosthenes
:
All
which
are
accurately
descr●bed
by
our
ingenious
Countryman
Sir
George
Wheler
,
in
his
Journey
into
Greece
.
The
present
Revenue
of
the
Archbishoprick
of
Athens
amounts
to
4000
Dollers
per
annum
,
and
200
Churches
are
counted
in
and
about
the
City
,
besides
several
Convents
for
Monks
,
and
Nuns
na●ed
Calogrega's
:
But
only
52
of
these
Churches
have
their
particular
Priests
,
who
officiate
therein
,
and
ordinarily
read
their
Liturgies
;
the
rest
being
,
as
it
were
,
so
many
Oratories
and
small
Chappels
,
are
seldom
us'd
but
on
certaim
Times
and
Days
of
the
Founders
and
Benefactors
.
The
Catholicon
(
as
they
term
the
Cathedral
)
is
founded
on
the
North
Side
of
the
Town
,
between
S.
John's
Pillars
and
the
Basarstreet
:
It
is
no
stately
Structure
,
as
surpassing
very
few
of
our
ordinary
Parish
Churches
in
Magnificence
,
yet
kept
in
Repair
and
indifferently
well
adorn'd
,
according
to
the
Mode
of
the
Country
.
The
Inhabitants
of
Athens
are
about
10000
in
number
,
whereof
three
Parts
are
Christian
Greeks
and
the
rest
Turks
,
but
they
would
never
admit
any
Jews
among
them
,
altho'
it
hath
been
often
attempted
.
They
are
naturally
endued
with
much
s●btilty
or
sharpness
of
Wit
,
which
they
shew
in
Buying
,
Selling
and
Managing
all
their
Domestick
Affairs
.
Their
Healthiness
is
also
extraordinary
,
which
may
be
attributed
to
the
Serenity
of
the
Air
,
in
regard
that
when
the
Pestilence
rageth
round
about
them
,
viz.
at
Thebes
,
Negropont
,
Napoli
,
Corinth
,
&c.
it
seldom
or
very
rarely
comes
thither
.
The
Turks
lately
had
5
Mosques
here
,
viz.
4
in
the
Town
and
one
in
the
Castle
;
the
finest
of
these
is
the
Mosque
of
the
Bazar
,
and
that
in
the
Citadel
,
transformed
from
the
abovementioned
stately
Temple
of
Minerva
,
besides
a
Convent
for
Votaries
in
the
Turkish
Superstitions
.
The
Consuls
of
England
and
France
have
likewise
their
particular
Chappels
,
not
to
mention
4
publick
Bagnio's
,
much
us'd
here
,
as
in
most
other
eminent
Towns
in
Turky
.
Moreover
,
Athens
is
well
watered
by
Channels
under
Ground
,
brought
from
the
Sources
of
Elissus
and
Cephisus
on
Mount
Hymettus
,
which
are
convey'd
into
several
publick
Fountains
and
private
Houses
;
of
these
,
that
in
the
Basarstreet
is
the
Principal
,
and
bears
the
Name
of
Ussin
Chelibi
.
The
Soil
of
the
adjacent
Territory
is
very
fruitful
in
Olives
,
especially
one
sort
of
them
commonly
call'd
Colybades
,
being
almost
as
big
as
the
Spanish
Olives
,
yet
not
of
quite
so
Oval
a
Figure
,
rather
resembling
that
of
a
Jujuba
.
These
are
so
well
esteemed
,
that
they
are
often
pickled
green
and
carried
to
the
Grand
Signior's
Court
as
a
great
Rarity
.
Neither
are
other
Sorts
of
Provisions
wanting
here
,
whether
Corn
,
Wine
,
Oyl
,
Beef
,
Mutton
,
Goats-Flesh
,
Fish
or
Fowl
,
together
with
abundance
of
Partridges
and
Hares
.
In
the
XIIIth
Century
Theod●sius
Lascaris
,
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
besieged
the
City
of
Athens
,
but
was
repulsed
;
afterward
it
was
governed
by
one
Delves
,
of
the
House
of
Aragon
:
But
he
dying
,
the
Turks
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Bajazet
,
then
Emperor
,
took
it
,
together
with
the
Province
of
Boeotia
,
but
were
within
a
while
dispossessed
of
it
again
by
that
valiant
Christian
Commander
Reinerius
Acciaiolo
,
who
reduced
it
to
the
Obedience
of
the
Venetians
,
from
whom
it
was
not
long
after
retaken
by
Antony
,
a
Natural
Son
of
Reinerius
,
one
of
whose
Posterity
,
named
Francus
,
lost
it
for
want
of
Succour
,
which
the
Greeks
in
vain
desired
of
the
Latins
,
that
obstinately
refused
to
assist
them
on
any
other
Terms
than
their
Conformity
in
Religion
,
and
renouncing
those
Points
wherein
they
differed
from
their
Church
;
so
that
Mahomet
II
.
soon
made
himself
absolute
Master
of
the
Place
,
in
the
Year
1455.
and
his
Successors
have
for
a
long
time
retained
it
in
their
Possession
,
until
,
at
length
,
it
was
happily
regained
by
the
Venetians
,
in
1687.
THEBES
,
Thebae
,
as
yet
call'd
{αβγδ}
by
the
Modern
Greeks
,
which
they
pronounce
Thiva
,
not
Stiva
or
Stives
,
according
to
the
common
Maps
,
is
seated
on
a
rising
Ground
,
not
far
from
the
River
As●po
,
between
2
little
Streams
,
one
on
the
West-Side
and
the
other
on
the
East
,
which
may
well
be
those
of
Ismenus
and
Dirce
,
at
the
distance
of
50
m
.
from
Athens
to
the
North-west
.
16
from
Chalcis
to
the
West
,
and
40
from
Megara
to
the
North
.
Cadmus
the
Son
of
Agener
(
as
the
Story
goes
)
after
he
had
a
long
Time
in
vain
sought
for
his
Sister
Europa
,
stoln
away
by
Jupiter
,
not
daring
to
return
to
his
Father
,
stayed
here
by
the
command
of
the
Oracle
,
and
erected
a
strong
Castle
on
a
small
Hill
,
about
A.
M.
2620.
Afterward
Amphion
(
as
the
Poets
fe●gn
)
walled
about
the
same
Fortress
by
the
Sound
of
his
Harp
,
making
the
Stones
to
come
and
lay
themselves
in
due
Order
for
the
Building
.
It
was
indeed
heretofore
reputed
the
Capital
City
of
Baeotia
,
yet
the
Inhabitants
were
never
much
celebrated
in
History
,
either
for
their
Wit
,
Learning
or
Martial
Exploits
,
only
they
once
behaved
thems●lves
gallantly
against
the
Lacedaemonians
,
and
entirely
defeated
them
,
at
the
Battle
of
Leuctra
,
under
the
conduct
of
Epaminondas
their
General
,
a
Theban
by
Birth
,
and
one
of
the
most
renowned
Captains
of
Greece
;
which
made
Justin
say
,
That
the
Glory
of
the
Thebans
was
●orn
and
buried
with
Epaminondas
.
We
also
find
it
recorded
,
That
they
defended
themselves
against
the
Confederate
Forces
of
Polynices
,
the
Son
of
OEdipus
and
Jocasta
,
who
took
up
Arms
againsts
his
Brother
Eteocles
,
and
besieged
Thebes
,
together
with
Adrastus
King
of
Argos
and
some
others
,
37
Years
before
the
Destruction
of
Troy
.
This
War
,
generally
call'd
the
Enterprize
of
the
7
noble
Generals
against
Thebes
,
proved
fruitless
;
but
their
Posterity
carried
the
Town
10
Years
after
,
A.
M.
2843.
Philip
King
of
Maced●n
having
subdued
the
Thebans
,
put
the
Garrison
to
the
Sword
,
cutting
all
off
against
whom
he
bore
a
Grudge
or
suspected
,
expelled
the
rest
,
and
recall'd
those
of
his
Faction
,
whom
they
had
banis●ed
,
giving
them
Offices
and
considerable
Places
.
Insomuch
that
the
Citizens
bearing
this
heavy
Yoke
with
much
Reluctancy
,
on
the
Report
of
Alexander's
Death
,
actually
revolted
,
and
sollicited
their
Neighbours
to
do
the
like
;
but
the
Town
was
taken
a
second
Time
and
utterly
ruined
,
not
one
House
being
left
standing
but
that
of
the
famous
Poet
Pindar
,
who
was
a
native
of
this
Place
,
as
Hercules
and
the
God
Bacchus
were
likewise
supposed
to
have
been
born
there
.
This
Calamity
happen'd
in
the
CXIth
Olympiad
,
and
the
419th
Year
since
the
Foundation
of
Rome
.
However
,
Cassander
,
the
Son
of
Antipater
,
rebuilt
the
City
,
20
Years
after
;
and
in
process
of
time
it
was
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Metropolitan
See
.
But
it
is
now
reduc'd
to
a
small
Town
or
Burrough
,
and
(
as
Sir
George
Wheler
observes
)
seems
to
be
in
the
same
condition
it
was
in
Pausanias's
Time
;
that
is
to
say
,
only
inhabited
in
that
part
which
was
the
Castle
,
and
anciently
bore
the
Name
of
Cadmea
,
from
Cadmus
its
Founder
.
The
Walls
that
now
remain
(
as
the
same
Author
assures
us
)
appear
very
ancient
,
having
some
square
Towers
,
the
Stones
well
hewn
,
and
laid
in
exact
Order
,
according
to
the
Rules
of
Architecture
.
The
Town
is
esteemed
to
reach
3
miles
in
compass
,
and
to
contain
3
or
4000
Souls
.
The
Turks
,
who
are
the
least
part
of
the
Inhabitants
,
have
2
Mosques
,
and
the
Christians
several
Churches
.
The
Cathedral
is
named
Panagia
Chrys●phoritia
,
but
hath
nothing
remarkable
about
it
,
only
some
Fragments
of
ancient
Inscriptions
,
among
the
Stones
of
the
Pavement
:
Such
as
these
are
also
found
in
some
other
parts
of
this
Town
,
and
are
its
only
Remains
of
Antiquity
now
extant
.
At
a
little
distance
from
hence
,
toward
the
Road
to
Negr●pont
,
stands
a
Hill
,
where
the
Inhabitants
dig
a
kind
of
Stone
,
whereof
they
make
Bowls
for
Tobacco-pipes
.
The
Stone
,
when
first
taken
out
of
a
deep
Pit
,
is
of
the
Colour
of
New
Cheese
,
and
almost
as
soft
,
being
in
lumps
usually
as
big
as
a
Man's
two
Fists
.
This
Stuff
is
brought
to
the
Town
and
very
curiously
wrought
into
Bowls
of
Pipes
;
which
as
soon
as
dry
groweth
very
hard
,
as
white
as
Snow
and
shining
.
The
best
and
least
apt
to
break
are
the
heaviest
,
and
sold
for
10
Aspers
a
piece
,
but
the
worser
sort
may
be
bought
for
5
Aspers
.
AULIS
,
Aulis
is
a
Town
of
Boeotia
,
on
the
Straits
of
Negropont
;
famous
for
its
Harbour
,
where
a
Fleet
of
King
Agamemnon
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Grecian
Princes
,
consisting
of
about
100
Ships
,
rode
at
Anchor
before
they
set
Sail
for
Troy
.
MARATHON
,
called
at
this
Day
Marathona
&
Marason
,
is
now
a
pitiful
ruin'd
Village
of
Attica
,
distant
about
10
miles
from
Athens
,
not
far
from
Rhamnus
;
altho'
it
was
heretofore
so
famous
for
the
Death
of
King
Icarius
;
the
Valour
of
Theseus
,
who
having
tamed
a
wild
Bull
there
,
dragg'd
it
through
the
Town
,
and
sacrificed
it
to
Apollo
of
Delph●s
;
but
more
especially
for
that
memorable
Victory
which
10000
Athenians
,
together
with
1000
Plataeans
their
Allies
,
under
the
command
of
Miltiades
,
abtained
over
the
Persian
Army
,
consisting
of
600000
Men
,
A.
U
.
264.
in
the
3d
Year
of
the
LXXII
.
Olympiad
,
on
the
6th
Day
of
the
Month
Boedromion
,
which
falls
toward
the
end
of
our
September
.
The
Lake
of
Marathon
is
covered
all
over
with
Rushes
and
Weeds
,
after
the
manner
of
a
Morass
or
marshy
Ground
,
and
(
as
they
say
)
at
certain
Times
is
almost
dry
.
Great
quantities
of
very
large
Eels
are
bred
here
,
which
are
often
caught
by
the
Monks
of
the
Convent
of
Pendoly
,
who
have
a
Me●oc●i
or
Farm
thereabouts
,
where
some
of
the
Cal●iros
live
and
keep
Buffalos
,
that
delight
extremely
to
feed
and
wallow
in
the
Mire
of
this
Lake
.
MEGARA
,
formerly
the
chief
Town
of
a
Territory
named
Megaris
,
hath
still
preserved
its
ancient
Name
,
and
is
situated
in
a
Valley
,
between
the
Mountain
Kerata
to
the
North
,
that
hath
a
Ridg
running
North-westward
to
joyn
with
Mount
Cithaeron
,
at
the
bottom
of
a
Bay
of
the
Corinthian
Gulph
,
now
call'd
Livadostro
.
The
whole
Mountain
is
known
by
the
vulgar
Name
of
M●criplai
,
or
the
Long
Mountain
,
the
Plain
being
bounded
westwardly
toward
Corinth
by
that
of
Palaio-bouni
,
or
the
Old
Mountain
,
anciently
Gerania
,
on
the
South-east
by
the
Gulph
of
Engia
or
the
Saronick
,
and
on
the
North-west
by
the
Bay
Livadostro
.
This
Country
,
call'd
in
times
past
Megaris
,
extends
itself
for
the
space
of
20
miles
in
compass
,
and
is
not
unfruitful
,
producing
great
variety
of
Plants
and
bulbous
Roots
.
The
City
was
built
on
2
little
Rocks
,
stretched
out
South
south-east
and
West
north-west
,
about
2
miles
from
the
Shore
of
the
Saronick
Gulph
,
having
the
Island
Aegina
in
sight
,
South
by
East
,
and
that
of
Coleuri
South-East
.
The
ancient
Bounds
of
it
yet
appearing
comprehend
those
2
Rocks
,
and
some
part
of
the
Plain
Southward
;
but
now
it
is
only
founded
on
one
of
the
Rocks
,
consisting
of
pitiful
Cottages
,
the
broken
Stones
of
its
Ruins
serving
sometimes
instead
of
Walls
,
or
Clay
dryed
in
the
Sun
,
covered
only
with
Faggots
,
and
those
again
plaistered
over
with
Earth
above
them
:
These
Huts
standing
close
together
,
are
only
of
one
Story
high
,
and
may
be
about
3
or
400
in
number
.
They
are
also
much
incommoded
with
Smoak
,
that
hath
no
other
Passage
to
go
out
than
either
at
the
Door
or
at
a
Hole
made
in
the
Top
of
the
Room
,
Chimneys
not
being
in
fashion
in
these
Parts
.
In
the
middle
of
the
Town
,
on
the
highest
Point
of
the
Rock
,
stands
a
Tower
,
where
a
Veyvode
sometime
resided
,
until
the
Corsairs
came
and
carried
him
away
:
Which
Accident
hath
●ver
since
so
extremely
terrified
the
Turks
that
they
durst
no
longer
dwell
there
,
insomuch
that
the
Town
is
now
altogether
rid
of
those
Infidels
;
but
the
remaining
Christians
are
so
much
afraid
of
the
Pyrates
,
that
on
the
first
Sight
of
a
Boat
in
the
Day-time
,
and
but
hearing
their
Dogs
bark
in
the
Night
,
they
immediately
fall
to
packing
up
their
few
Goods
,
which
they
hide
as
well
as
they
can
,
and
run
away
.
These
few
Inhabitants
get
a
Livelihood
by
manuring
the
Ground
,
for
which
they
have
one
Moiety
of
the
Crop
,
the
other
belonging
to
the
Turks
,
as
their
Land-lords
under
the
Grand
Signior
.
They
also
make
Pitch
,
and
saw
Planks
and
Boards
out
of
the
Pines
and
Firs
that
grow
in
great
abundance
on
the
neighbouring
Mountains
.
Here
are
as
yet
to
be
seen
many
curious
Inscriptions
and
other
Monuments
of
Antiquity
.
As
you
pass
from
hence
by
the
streight
Way
to
the
Harbour
,
on
a
Rock
,
by
the
Sea-side
,
appear
the
Ruins
of
Old
Walls
,
perhaps
of
some
Fortress
appertaining
to
the
ancient
City
Nicaea
,
which
probably
was
there
founded
by
Nisus
one
of
the
four
Sons
of
Pandion
;
who
at
his
Death
divided
his
Kingdom
of
Attica
into
four
Parts
,
and
gave
Megaris
to
the
same
Nisus
.
Somewhat
lower
are
the
Remains
of
12
little
old
Churches
,
and
on
that
account
the
Place
is
commonly
call'd
Dodeca
Ecclesia
,
i
.
e
.
the
Twelve
Churches
.
But
now
there
is
not
so
much
as
one
Church
left
entire
,
nor
any
People
,
Priests
or
Dwelling-Houses
.
This
was
without
doubt
the
Port-Town
of
the
Megarians
,
and
the
2
Rocks
that
make
the
Harbour
,
were
heretofore
call'd
Minoa
.
However
,
notwithstanding
the
present
mean
Condition
of
the
City
of
Megara
,
it
was
at
first
the
Metropolis
of
a
Monarchy
,
under
12
Kings
,
then
a
considerable
Republick
,
which
maintained
divers
Wars
against
the
Athenians
and
other
People
,
and
established
a
Colony
in
the
Island
of
Sicily
.
It
is
also
remakable
for
giving
Birth
to
Euclid
the
great
Mathematician
and
the
Poet
The●gnis
.
It
is
distant
about
2
miles
from
the
Gulph
of
Aegina
,
26
from
Athens
to
the
West
,
and
as
many
from
Corinth
to
the
North-east
.
LEPANTO
,
Naupactus
aut
Naupactum
,
now
call'd
Epactos
by
the
modern
Greeks
,
as
also
Einebachri
by
the
Turks
,
is
the
chief
City
of
the
Gulph
,
whereto
it
hath
of
late
communicated
its
Name
,
and
reckoned
by
Ptolemey
among
those
of
L●cris
Ozelorum
,
extending
it self
on
the
Side
of
a
very
steep
Hill
,
at
the
distance
of
100
miles
from
Preveza
to
the
South-east
,
140
from
Athens
to
the
West
,
and
480
from
Constantinople
to
the
South-west
.
The
Mountain
behind
is
joyned
to
the
Town
by
two
other
little
Hills
,
that
command
it
:
Altho'
,
in
times
past
,
before
the
Inv●ntion
of
Gunpowder
,
it
was
so
strong
that
it
gave
much
Disturbance
to
the
Romans
,
affording
a
Place
of
Refuge
to
the
rebellious
Aetolians
.
It
is
built
from
the
Sea-shore
up
to
the
highest
Point
of
the
Hill
,
which
is
fortified
with
a
small
Castle
,
in
the
mounting
whereof
one
must
pass
no
less
than
4
Ranges
of
Walls
,
one
above
another
,
that
make
the
Prospect
of
the
Place
at
a
distance
somewhat
resemble
the
Papal
Mitre
.
Between
these
Walls
the
Inhabitants
have
their
Houses
,
and
by
them
the
City
is
divided
into
4
Quarters
.
The
little
oval
Harbour
is
no
small
Ornament
thereto
,
being
commodiously
situated
in
the
middle
of
the
South
Side
,
and
defended
by
a
little
Tower
at
each
Side
of
the
Entrance
,
on
which
are
planted
some
small
Brass-Guns
.
But
the
Mouth
is
so
narrow
that
it
may
be
easily
secured
by
a
Chain
of
50
feet
long
,
and
is
too
shallow
for
any
Vessels
besides
Barques
and
small
Gallies
,
neither
can
the
last
enter
the
Port
but
at
High
Water
,
for
there
is
a
Tide
in
the
Gulph
,
the
Water
coming
in
by
the
Castles
in
the
Morning
and
going
out
in
the
Evening
.
Moreover
,
this
Harbour
is
lined
round
about
on
the
inside
with
good
Walls
,
and
the
Workmanship
of
them
appears
to
be
ancient
.
All
Traders
passing
out
of
the
Gulph
are
oblig'd
to
pay
3
per
cent
Custom
to
the
Emir
,
who
returns
6000
Crowns
a
Year
Rent
for
his
Office
,
neither
are
any
large
Ships
of
the
Franks
permitted
to
come
within
the
Castles
,
but
stay
at
Patras
and
send
in
their
Barks
.
On
each
Side
of
the
Town
,
under
the
Mountain
(
which
perhaps
is
the
same
with
Mount
Corax
)
fruitful
Valleys
are
stretch'd
forth
toward
the
Sea
;
that
Westward
is
well
planted
with
Olive-Trees
,
Vineyards
and
Corn
,
and
that
to
the
East
no
less
well
set
,
being
divided
into
Gardens
of
Oranges
,
Citrons
and
Limons
without
Seeds
.
It
is
also
watered
with
many
fresh
Streams
,
springing
out
of
the
rocky
Mountain
above
it
,
and
in
the
Summer
shaded
with
abundance
of
large
Plane-Trees
.
There
were
not
many
Christians
in
this
Place
before
it
lately
fell
into
the
Hands
of
the
Venetians
,
the
greatest
part
of
its
Inhabitants
were
Turks
and
Jews
,
and
it
hath
been
for
a
long
time
a
noted
Harbour
for
Pyrates
.
The
Turks
had
5
or
6
Mosques
there
,
and
the
Greeks
2
Churches
,
viz.
1
in
each
Suburb
,
tho'
but
very
small
;
but
they
were
so
few
in
Number
and
so
ill
treated
,
that
their
Archbishop
usually
kept
his
Residence
at
Arta
.
The
Jews
,
in
like
manner
were
allowed
3
Synagogues
for
their
Publick
Oratories
.
The
Trade
of
Lepanto
consists
chiefly
in
Turky-Leather
,
Oil
,
Tobacco
,
Rice
,
Barley
,
and
Furrs
;
the
Wine
is
also
the
best
in
Greece
,
but
the
Vessels
being
pitched
,
as
they
generally
are
throughout
the
Morea
and
Athens
,
renders
the
Taste
somewhat
unpleasant
to
Strangers
.
In
the
Year
1408.
this
City
was
subject
to
the
Grecian
Empire
,
but
the
Emperor
Emanuel
assigned
it
to
the
State
of
Venice
,
who
caused
it
to
be
well
fortified
.
In
1475.
it
was
in
vain
besieged
by
Mahomet
the
Great
,
the
same
that
took
Constantinople
,
who
sat
down
before
it
with
an
Army
of
30000
Men
,
but
in
1498.
Bajazet
II
.
attackt
it
with
150000
,
and
made
himself
Master
of
the
Place
,
through
the
Treachery
of
the
Venetian
Governour
,
whom
he
had
corrupted
with
Mony
.
In
1687.
after
the
Venetians
in
the
preceeding
Years
had
almost
driven
the
Turks
out
of
the
Morea
,
their
General
Morisini
landed
on
July
22d
near
Patras
,
which
Town
he
took
,
together
wi
h
the
Dardanel
Castle
on
that
Side
,
notwithstanding
the
utmost
Efforts
made
by
the
Serasquier
to
oppose
his
Design
,
who
was
defeated
on
the
24th
instant
.
Afterward
the
General
crossed
over
to
Lepanto
,
which
was
soon
abandoned
by
the
Turks
,
so
that
he
took
Possession
of
the
Place
without
so
much
as
striking
a
Blow
;
and
found
therein
120
Pieces
of
Brass-Cannon
.
At
the
Entrance
of
the
Gulph
of
Lepanto
,
about
13
or
14
miles
distant
from
the
Town
to
the
South-west
are
2
Capes
:
One
of
these
,
united
to
the
Peninsula
of
the
Morea
,
was
anciently
call'd
Antirrhium
Promontorium
,
as
also
at
present
Cape
Antirio
,
and
is
defended
by
a
small
Fortress
,
named
the
Castle
of
the
Morea
,
or
of
Patras
.
The
other
,
that
joyns
to
the
Continent
of
Achaia
,
is
termed
by
Strabo
,
Rhium
Promontorium
,
and
commonly
Rio
,
having
,
in
like
manner
for
its
defence
a
little
Fort
,
called
the
Castle
of
Rumelia
:
These
2
Castles
are
likewise
named
the
Dardanels
of
Lepanto
,
in
allusion
to
those
of
the
Helespont
.
They
are
of
a
square
form
,
encompassed
with
strong
Walls
,
on
which
are
mounted
divers
Pieces
of
Artillery
.
The
Emperor
Augustus
defeated
Mark
Antony
not
far
from
hence
,
and
near
the
same
Gulph
of
Lepanto
,
happened
a
memorable
Sea-Fight
between
the
Christians
and
Turks
,
Octob
.
2.
1571.
so
that
it
is
difficult
to
determine
which
of
these
was
the
most
glorious
Victory
:
For
in
this
last
Engagement
the
Turks
lost
above
30000
Men
,
b●ing
the
most
fatal
Overthrow
they
ever
met
with
since
the
first
Foundation
of
their
Empire
.
Besides
the
Slaughter
,
the
Christians
took
5000
Prisoners
,
and
,
among
others
,
the
2
Sons
of
Hali
Bassa
,
General
of
the
Ottoman
Fleet
,
which
consisted
of
200
Galleys
,
together
with
70
Frigats
and
Brigantines
.
Of
those
130
Galleys
were
taken
,
above
90
were
stranded
,
burnt
or
sunk
,
and
almost
20000
Christian
Slaves
at
the
same
Time
set
at
Liberty
:
Neither
was
the
Booty
less
considerable
,
since
all
the
adjacent
Isles
were
pillaged
,
and
a
great
number
of
Vessels
,
laden
with
Merchandizes
were
carried
off
.
The
chief
Admiral
of
the
Christians
,
in
this
signal
Combat
(
which
continued
from
about
6
of
the
Clock
in
the
Morning
till
Evening
)
was
Don
John
of
Austria
,
natural
Brother
to
Philip
II
.
King
of
Spain
;
and
their
Fleet
was
composed
of
210
Galleys
,
28
great
Transport
Ships
,
and
6
Galleasses
,
furnished
with
heavy
Artillery
:
They
lost
about
8000
Men
,
the
most
noted
of
whom
was
Barbarigo
,
Commander
of
the
left
Wing
,
who
having
forc'd
the
Right-wing
of
the
Enemy
,
received
the
Shot
of
an
Arrow
in
his
Right-Eye
,
whereof
he
died
not
long
●fter
.
DELPHOS
or
CASTRI
,
a
Town
of
Phocis
,
heretofore
famous
for
the
Temple
of
Apollo
,
where
the
Oracles
w●re
pronounc'd
and
consulted
for
many
Ages
.
It
is
seated
on
the
South-side
of
Mount
Parnassus
,
somewhat
inclining
to
the
West
,
neither
on
the
top
,
nor
at
the
foot
of
the
Hill
,
as
being
a
great
way
distant
from
the
Plains
of
Crissa
below
,
and
much
farther
from
the
Rocks
above
it
.
The
high
Cliffs
appearing
above
the
Town
seem
to
end
in
two
points
,
which
probably
gave
occasion
to
the
old
name
of
Biceps
Parnassus
,
altho'
it
hath
many
more
tops
,
and
those
too
much
higher
than
these
,
for
it
is
a
very
large
Mountain
.
But
those
two
tops
seen
from
Delphos
hide
all
the
re●t
between
which
,
the
Water
falls
in
great
abundance
after
Rain
or
Snow
,
and
hath
even
worn
them
almost
asunder
.
There
is
also
a
Spring
with
a
very
plent●ful
Source
of
Water
continu●lly
issuing
out
from
among
those
Rocks
,
just
under
the
Cleft
or
Separa●ion
;
which
may
well
be
supposed
the
famous
F
untain
Castalia
that
so
inspi●'d
the
ancient
Poe●s
,
by
reason
of
the
Marble-Steps
on
its
D●scent
,
and
th●
Niches
wrought
in
the
Rock
for
Statues
above
it
.
The
Stream
of
this
Spring
gl●ding
down
a
very
deep
and
narrow
Precipice
to
●he
South
,
soon
joyns
with
the
River
Pleistos
,
and
separates
Mount
Cirphis
from
Parnassus
,
from
whence
it
runs
by
Crissa
,
and
empties
it self
into
the
Bay
of
Sal●na
.
In
the
Rock
above
the
Fountain
is
a
kind
of
little
Chappel
,
dedicated
to
S.
Jo●n
,
and
above
that
●hree
Niches
for
Statues
,
viz.
one
great
one
in
the
m●ddle
,
and
two
lesser
on
each
Side
.
Moreover
,
in
the
cleft
about
8
or
10
Yards
high
,
one
may
d●scern
a
H●le
,
with
some
Stairs
on
the
R
ght-hand
leading
up
thereto
,
but
very
much
broken
:
This
perhaps
may
be
the
Antrum
Corycium
or
Grotto
of
the
Nymphs
so
named
by
the
Poets
,
and
it
must
needs
make
a
very
fine
Cascade
,
when
there
is
Water
enough
falling
from
the
Mountains
.
The
Town
of
CASTRI
,
that
sprang
up
out
of
the
Ruins
of
DELPHOS
,
consists
only
of
about
200
Houses
,
and
those
too
ill
built
.
The
Turks
,
who
are
not
above
12
in
number
,
have
one
Mosque
,
but
the
Greeks
have
5
or
6
Churches
,
and
,
tho'
poor
,
are
nevertheless
very
Civil
,
Honest
People
.
The
little
Trade
they
maintain
is
in
Cotton
and
Tobacco
;
their
Wine
is
also
exceeding
good
.
In
descending
yet
farther
,
you
come
to
a
Monastery
call'd
Panagia
,
the
Church
whereof
is
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
:
It
is
situated
on
the
Brink
of
the
Mountain
,
on
Ground
supported
by
old
strong
Walls
,
of
hewn
Stone
,
where
are
●o
be
seen
divers
Capitals
and
Fasts
of
Corinthian
Pillars
,
Inscriptions
and
other
Monuments
of
Antiquity
.
The
Lordship
of
Castri
belongs
to
a
Tamer
or
Turkish
Nobleman
,
call'd
Abd-Haga
,
who
resides
at
Salona
.
Timarlicks
are
a
kind
of
Fee-Farms
depending
on
the
Demesns
of
the
Grand
Signior
,
and
they
that
hold
them
of
him
are
oblig'd
to
serve
in
the
Wars
,
according
to
their
Revenue
.
ELEUSIS
▪
now
call'd
Lepsina
or
Lephsina
,
was
heretofore
one
of
the
most
famous
Cities
of
Greece
,
and
at
first
vied
even
with
Athens
for
Empire
,
until
it
was
reduc'd
by
Theseus
:
Nevertheless
,
in
the
most
flourishing
Times
of
the
Athenians
it
was
reck●ned
among
their
principal
Towns
,
chiefly
by
reason
of
the
Temple
of
Ceres
,
call'd
Elcusine
,
dedicated
to
the
Sacred
Rites
and
Mysteries
of
that
Goddess
,
for
which
the
ancient
Grecians
had
a
very
high
Veneration
,
more
especially
the
Athenians
;
insomuch
that
when
reduced
to
the
utmost
Extremity
,
the
Enjoyment
of
those
Mysteries
was
ever
one
of
the
Articles
they
would
capitulate
for
.
The
Original
of
these
Ceremonies
proceded
from
Celeus
,
King
of
Eleusis
and
Father
of
Triptolemus
,
whom
the
Goddess
Ceres
instructed
in
the
Art
of
Husbandry
,
as
a
Recompence
for
his
kind
Hospitality
,
in
entertaining
her
when
she
was
in
search
of
her
Daughter
Proserpina
,
carried
away
by
Pluto
.
However
,
the
Town
of
Eleusis
is
now
utterly
ruin'd
,
having
been
worse
treated
by
the
Christian
Pyrates
than
the
very
Turks
themselves
,
so
that
it
is
now
deserted
by
all
its
Inhabitants
.
The
Place
is
seated
on
a
long
Hill
,
extended
toward
the
Sea
South-east
and
North-west
,
not
far
from
the
Foot
of
the
Mountain
Gerata
.
The
whole
Hill
seems
to
have
been
built
upon
,
but
chiefly
toward
the
Sea
,
where
we
first
meet
with
the
august
Ruins
of
the
stately
Temple
of
Ceres
,
lying
together
in
a
confused
heap
,
the
magnificent
Pillars
being
buried
in
the
Rubbish
of
its
ruined
Roof
and
Walls
,
and
its
curious
polished
Cornishes
treated
with
no
more
respect
than
the
most
ordinary
Stones
of
the
Pavement
;
so
that
it
is
impossible
to
judge
of
the
ancient
Form
of
this
Noble
Structure
;
only
it
seems
to
have
been
built
of
a
most
beautiful
white
Marble
,
with
no
less
admirable
Workmanship
,
as
appears
from
the
Chapters
and
many
Pillars
of
the
Ionick
Order
,
divers
carv'd
Stones
and
Statues
,
and
other
Fragments
,
as
yet
remaining
.
PELOPONNESUS
,
or
the
MOREA
,
the
most
noble
Peninsula
of
the
whole
Continent
of
Europe
,
is
separated
on
the
North
from
Achaia
by
the
Gulph
of
Lepanto
,
and
from
the
Country
of
Megaris
by
the
Corinthian
Isthmus
or
Neck
of
Land
about
6
miles
broad
;
through
which
runs
the
River
Styx
,
the
Waters
whereof
are
deadly
,
through
their
excessive
Coldness
,
so
that
the
Poets
took
occasion
from
thence
to
feign
it
to
be
one
of
the
Infernal
Rivers
.
On
the
other
Sides
the
Morea
is
bounded
by
several
Parts
of
the
Mediterranean
,
viz.
by
the
Ionian-Sea
on
the
West
,
that
of
Sapienza
or
Candia
on
the
South
,
and
the
Aegean
on
the
East
.
It
lies
between
the
34th
Degree
40
Minutes
,
and
the
37th
Degree
30
Minutes
of
Northern
Latitude
,
and
between
the
44th
Degree
50
Minutes
,
and
the
48th
Degree
30
Minutes
of
Longitude
,
extending
it self
in
compass
for
the
space
of
550
miles
,
as
also
about
160
in
breadth
,
from
Corinth
on
the
North
to
Cape
Matapan
on
the
South
,
and
170
in
length
,
from
Cape
Scilli
on
the
East
,
as
far
as
Cape
Tornese
to
the
West
.
It
is
likewise
distant
380
miles
from
the
Island
of
Sicily
to
the
East
,
and
70
from
the
Western
Coasts
of
Candia
to
the
North-West
.
This
Country
hath
been
known
in
several
Ages
by
different
Names
;
for
it
was
at
first
call'd
Argos
,
or
Argos
Achaicum
,
to
distinguish
it
from
Argos
Pelasgicum
or
Thessaly
;
afterward
Aegialia
▪
from
Aegialus
a
King
of
the
Sicyonians
;
then
Apia
,
from
Apis
the
third
King
of
Argos
;
and
at
length
Peloponnesus
,
from
Pelops
the
Son
of
Tantalus
,
who
brought
a
Colony
thither
out
of
Phrygia
,
and
reigned
there
for
some
time
.
As
for
its
modern
Denomination
Authors
differ
much
about
its
Original
;
for
some
imagine
that
its
Form
resembling
the
Leaf
of
a
Mulberry-tree
,
call'd
in
Latin
Morus
,
and
in
Greek
{αβγδ}
,
induced
the
Emperors
of
Constantinople
to
impose
on
it
this
Name
of
the
Morea
:
And
indeed
the
Ancients
were
wont
to
compare
its
Shape
to
that
of
Plane-tree-leaf
.
Others
would
willingly
derive
it
from
the
Word
Romea
,
which
by
a
Transposition
of
Letters
was
changed
into
Morea
;
It
being
certain
that
as
long
as
Constantinople
remained
in
the
Possession
of
the
Roman
Emperors
,
that
City
was
styled
New
Rome
,
and
the
Inhabitants
of
those
Territories
Romeans
,
that
is
to
say
,
Romans
.
But
Doglioni
is
of
another
Opinion
,
believing
that
the
Moors
,
when
they
made
Incursions
into
these
Parts
,
left
their
Name
there
.
However
,
this
Peninsula
is
one
of
the
finest
Countries
in
Europe
;
for
the
Air
is
Clear
,
Healthful
and
Temperate
,
and
the
Soil
everywhere
fertile
,
abounding
with
Corn
,
Wine
,
Oil
and
all
manner
of
most
delicious
Fruits
;
the
Mountains
full
of
Game
and
Medicinal
Plants
have
been
long
since
celebrated
by
the
ancient
Greek
and
Latin
Poets
;
the
most
remarkable
of
these
are
,
1.
Mount
Cyllene
in
Arcadia
,
on
which
Maia
brought
forth
Mercury
.
2.
Maenalus
,
consecrated
to
the
God
Pan
,
so
named
from
Maenalus
the
Son
of
Lycaon
.
3.
Minthe
,
now
Oline
.
4.
Nonacris
,
where
the
River
Styx
takes
its
Rise
.
5.
Taigetus
,
&c.
The
principal
Rivers
are
these
,
viz.
1
Carbon
or
Orfea
,
heretofore
well
known
by
the
Name
of
Alpheus
,
and
famous
for
its
Vertue
in
taking
away
the
Spots
and
blemishes
of
the
Skin
.
The
Poets
attribute
a
miraculous
Course
to
this
River
,
through
the
Ionian-Sea
,
till
it
intermixeth
its
Waters
with
those
of
the
Fountain
Arethusa
in
Sicily
,
because
it
is
often
swallowed
up
under
Ground
,
and
riseth
again
with
greater
Strength
.
But
it
really
takes
its
first
Rise
out
of
the
Mountain
Stymphalus
,
runs
through
the
Countries
of
Arcadia
and
Elis
,
receives
into
its
Channels
the
Rivers
Celadon
and
Amarynthe
,
together
with
140
other
Torrents
or
lesser
Brooks
,
and
at
last
falls
into
the
Gulph
of
Castel
di
Tornesi
.
2.
Eurotas
or
Vasali
Potamos
,
which
rising
in
Arcadia
continues
its
Course
through
Laconia
,
and
empties
it self
into
the
Gulph
of
Pastel
Rampani
.
3.
Planizza
,
formerly
called
Inachus
and
Haliacmon
.
4.
Pamissus
or
Spirnazza
,
that
dischargeth
its
Waters
into
the
Gulph
of
Coron
,
near
Calamata
.
Besides
the
abovemention'd
River
Styx
,
those
of
Lynceus
,
Asteria
or
Stella
,
Erasin
,
&c.
The
Inhabitants
of
the
Morea
are
esteem'd
Ingenious
and
Warlike
;
in
some
measure
imitating
the
Valour
of
their
Ancestors
,
who
maintained
a
War
against
the
Athenians
,
during
27
Years
,
viz.
from
A.
U
.
323
in
the
LXXXVIIth
Olympiad
,
to
A.
U
.
350.
when
the
City
of
Athens
was
taken
.
This
War
was
commonly
call'd
the
Peloponnesian
,
and
is
elegantly
described
by
Thucydides
and
Xenophon
.
The
same
Peninsula
of
the
Morea
,
after
many
Revolutions
,
fell
into
the
Hands
of
Emanuel
a
Greek
Emperor
,
about
A.
D.
1150.
who
divided
the
Empire
at
his
Death
among
his
7
Sons
,
and
by
that
means
was
the
Cause
of
its
Ruin
.
These
Princes
were
Styled
Despotes
,
that
is
to
say
,
Lords
or
Governours
,
and
depended
on
the
Emperor
,
both
as
to
their
Government
and
Election
;
altho'
they
were
otherwise
in
a
manner
absolute
,
and
almost
hereditary
Lords
in
their
respective
Jurisdictions
;
for
the
Emperor
seldom
nominated
a
Successor
to
a
late
Despote
,
but
his
Son
,
Brother
or
near
Relation
.
Constantine
,
surnamed
Drasares
,
Brother
of
Theodosius
II
.
enjoyed
this
Dignity
when
Sultan
Amurath
invaded
the
Morea
;
but
the
Greek
Emperor
put
a
stop
to
his
Fury
by
a
Promise
of
a
yearly
Tribute
.
Afterward
Constantine
Palaeologus
being
crowned
Emperor
at
Constantinople
shar'd
the
Morea
between
his
2
Brothers
,
Demetrius
and
Thomas
.
Whereupon
the
Turks
commanded
by
their
Emperor
Mahomet
II
.
under
colour
of
assisting
Demetrius
against
his
Brother
,
took
an
opportunity
amidst
those
Dissentions
to
usurp
their
Estates
,
and
seiz'd
on
the
places
possess'd
by
the
Venetians
without
much
resistance
,
after
the
Death
of
General
Bertoldo
D'Este
,
whom
the
Republick
had
sent
to
oppose
their
designs
.
Since
that
time
the
Ottoman
Port
hath
maintain'd
a
Governor
here
,
with
the
Title
of
Sangiack
or
Morabegi
,
i
.
e
.
Lord
of
the
Morea
,
under
the
Beglierbeg
of
Greece
;
and
Modon
was
his
usual
place
of
Residence
,
until
he
was
expell'd
thence
by
General
Morosini
,
who
re-conquer'd
the
greatest
part
of
these
Territories
in
the
year
1685.
and
1686.
and
reduc'd
it
to
the
Obedience
of
the
State
of
Venice
,
having
caus'd
all
the
Churches
that
were
Mosques
before
,
to
be
Consecrated
again
;
insomuch
that
many
Greek
Families
have
left
Achaia
,
to
settle
in
the
Morea
,
and
about
12000
Inhabitants
have
already
transported
their
effects
thither
.
This
Peninsula
hath
had
various
Divisions
at
several
times
;
for
in
that
of
Pausanias
,
it
contain'd
only
three
distinct
Countries
,
viz.
those
of
the
Arcadians
,
Achaians
,
and
Dorians
.
Afterward
Ptolemey
,
and
others
divided
it
into
eight
parts
,
viz.
Achaia
proper
,
Arcadia
,
Argia
,
Corinthia
,
Elis
,
Elea
or
Cauconia
,
Laconia
,
Messenia
,
and
Sicyonia
.
But
it
is
now
generally
distinguish'd
by
our
Modern
Geographers
into
four
Provinces
,
viz.
-
I.
The
Dutchy
of
Chiarenza
,
Patras
,
Arch-Bish
.
-
II
.
Belvedere
,
Modon
,
Bish
.
-
III
.
Zachonia
or
Braccio
di
Mana
,
Malvasia
,
Arch-B
.
-
IV
.
Saccania
or
Romania
,
Minor
,
Napoli
di
Romania
,
Arch-Bish
.
The
Dutchy
of
CHIARENZA
.
This
Dutchy
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Gulph
of
Lepanto
;
on
the
South
by
the
Provinces
of
Zaconia
and
Belvedere
,
on
the
East
by
that
of
Saccania
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Ionian
Sea
;
containing
the
old
Destricts
of
Achaia
proper
,
Sieyonia
and
Corinthia
.
The
most
remarkable
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Patras
,
Arch-Bish
.
Cap.
-
Chiarenza
.
-
Caminitza
,
Bish
.
-
Castel-Tornese
.
PATRAS
is
seated
on
a
Hill
not
above
half
a
mile
from
the
Sea
,
and
about
5
from
the
Gulph
that
bears
its
name
;
at
the
foot
of
a
high
Mountain
formerly
nam'd
Cerynea
,
with
a
Valley
between
,
being
also
distant
18
miles
from
Lepanto
almost
to
the
South
,
and
120
from
Misitra
or
Lacedaemon
to
the
North-West
.
It
was
first
founded
(
according
to
the
report
of
Pausanias
)
by
one
Eumelus
,
a
Native
of
the
Country
,
who
having
receiv'd
instructions
in
the
Arts
both
of
Architecture
and
Husbandry
from
Triptolemus
,
together
with
necessary
Materials
,
call'd
the
place
he
built
from
his
tilling
the
Ground
Arva
.
Afterward
when
the
Ionians
were
expell'd
out
of
the
Peloponnesian
Achaia
,
another
Benefactor
nam'd
Patreus
,
very
much
enlarg'd
it
,
insomuch
that
Arva
and
its
Walls
were
contain'd
within
his
new
Walls
,
and
the
Town
was
from
thenceforth
call'd
Patras
by
his
Name
.
However
it
was
ruin'd
some
time
after
by
reason
that
the
Citizens
sent
succour
to
the
Aetolians
against
the
Gauls
;
for
the
Aetolians
being
defeated
by
them
in
divers
Battels
,
the
rest
that
escaped
the
slaughter
,
dispers'd
themselves
into
several
places
thereabout
,
until
the
Reign
of
Augustus
Caesar
,
who
being
mov'd
either
with
the
conveniency
of
the
adjacent
Harbour
of
Panormus
,
which
had
afforded
a
safe
retreat
to
his
Navy
;
or
some
other
private
reason
,
invited
the
People
of
many
Towns
round
about
Patras
,
to
come
and
settle
there
;
on
which
account
he
adorn'd
the
place
with
all
the
Priviledges
and
Immunities
of
a
Roman
Colony
;
calling
it
Calonia
,
Augusta
,
Arva
,
Patrensis
.
This
City
notwithstanding
the
various
Changes
and
Revolutions
it
hath
undergone
,
still
retains
its
ancient
Name
,
and
is
very
well
Peopled
,
especially
with
Jews
,
who
maintain
a
considerable
Trade
with
the
Grecians
of
the
Neighbouring
Islands
,
and
the
English
and
French
Merchants
.
It
is
defended
by
a
strong
Castle
built
on
the
highest
point
of
the
Hills
,
from
whence
there
is
a
descent
every
way
into
a
fruitful
Valley
well
planted
with
Oranges
,
Lemons
,
and
Citrons
,
much
esteem'd
for
their
most
delicious
taste
.
In
these
Gardens
,
besides
a
great
number
of
tall
Cedars
,
is
a
very
famous
Cypress
Tree
,
perhaps
the
oldest
and
biggest
in
the
World
,
its
Stock
being
18
foot
round
,
and
its
Branches
stretching
forth
20
foot
in
Diameter
.
The
Goddess
Diana
was
in
time
past
worshipped
here
,
under
the
name
of
Diana
Latria
,
to
whom
a
Beautiful
young
Man
and
Maid
were
sacrific'd
every
year
;
which
cruel
Superstition
continu'd
(
as
they
say
)
till
Eurypiles
arriv'd
at
Patras
,
and
was
Converted
by
St.
Andrew
the
Apostle
,
who
suffer'd
Martyrdom
in
the
same
City
;
having
(
as
the
Tradition
goes
)
resided
there
a
great
while
before
,
and
prevail'd
with
a
certain
King
of
the
Morea
,
to
embrace
the
Christian
Religion
,
meaning
perhaps
no
more
than
some
Roman
Governor
of
that
Province
.
However
Patras
hath
been
for
a
long
time
the
See
of
an
Arch-Bishop
,
who
in
ancient
times
was
wont
to
have
the
second
place
in
the
Councils
or
General
Assembl●es
of
the
Church
,
and
at
present
hath
about
1000
Churches
under
his
Jurisdiction
,
which
extends
it self
over
all
the
Western
parts
of
the
Morea
,
as
far
as
Corone
,
the
three
other
Metropolitan
Sees
being
those
of
Napoli
di
Romania
,
Corinth
,
and
Malvasia
.
The
Turks
had
lately
four
Mosques
in
the
Town
,
and
the
Jews
that
made
up
a
third
part
of
it
,
had
as
many
Synagogues
;
the
number
of
all
the
Inhabitants
in
general
amounting
to
four
or
five
Thousand
.
In
the
time
of
the
Despotes
of
the
Morea
,
it
enjoy'd
the
Title
of
a
Dutchy
,
and
was
sold
by
the
last
of
those
Princes
to
the
State
of
Venice
,
A.
D.
1408.
from
whom
the
Turks
took
it
in
1463.
The
Venetians
recover'd
it
in
1533
under
the
Conduct
of
the
famous
Andrea
Doria
,
who
made
himself
Master
of
the
place
without
much
opposition
;
the
Fortifications
being
then
out
of
order
;
and
a
little
after
secur'd
his
Conquest
by
reducing
the
Fort
,
which
was
forc'd
to
surrender
,
though
formerly
it
obstinately
held
out
a
whole
year
against
the
Greek
Emperor
Constantine
Paaeologus
.
However
the
Turks
return'd
the
next
year
with
a
formidable
Army
and
drave
out
the
Venetians
:
But
General
Morosini
having
routed
the
Ottoman
Forces
in
the
Neighbourhood
,
and
cut
off
2000
of
them
,
on
the
20th
.
day
of
July
,
A.
D.
1687.
the
Garrison
of
Patras
march'd
out
,
and
carried
away
with
them
,
all
their
Artillery
and
Ammunition
.
Whereupon
Mahomet
Bassa
,
who
commanded
6000
Men
near
the
Castle
of
Romelia
,
fled
in
like
manner
together
with
that
Garrison
;
Guisuelderem
Mahomet
,
who
was
encamp'd
near
the
Castle
of
the
Morea
,
did
the
same
,
and
the
strong
City
of
Lepanto
immediately
surrender'd
without
any
resistance
.
CHIARENZA
stands
on
the
right-side
Bank
of
the
River
Inachus
,
call'd
by
Ptolomey
,
Penaeus
Fluvius
,
on
a
Hill
near
the
Gulph
of
Patras
,
about
25
miles
from
thence
to
the
South-West
.
This
City
which
is
suppos'd
to
be
the
ancient
Cyllene
,
was
sometimes
of
great
Note
,
and
the
Capital
of
the
Dutchy
of
the
same
name
under
its
own
Princes
.
When
the
Venetians
first
reduc'd
it
to
their
Obedience
,
it
remain'd
in
a
pretty
good
condition
.
But
the
Scene
is
now
so
far
chang'd
,
that
there
is
scarcely
any
thing
to
be
seen
besides
its
Ditches
,
and
some
small
Foot-steps
of
its
former
beauty
.
Moreover
its
Harbour
which
was
not
capable
of
containing
many
large
Vessels
is
now
choak'd
up
with
Sand
.
CASTEL-TORNESE
,
call'd
Clemontzi
by
the
Turks
,
is
a
small
Town
near
the
Cape
of
Tornese
,
in
the
Dutchy
of
Chiarenza
,
altho'
others
place
it
in
the
Province
of
Belvedere
.
It
is
built
on
an
eminence
that
overlooks
a
spacious
Country
round
about
,
between
the
Gulph
of
Chiarenza
,
and
that
of
Arcadia
,
before
known
by
the
name
of
Chelonates
,
at
the
distance
of
three
miles
from
the
Sea-Coasts
.
General
Morosini
having
summon'd
this
place
after
the
taking
of
Ratras
,
in
1687.
it
was
soon
surrender'd
by
the
Aga
,
or
Turkish
Officer
.
BELVEDERE
.
This
Province
is
extended
between
the
River
Carbon
or
Orfea
on
the
North
,
which
separates
it
from
Chiarenza
and
Zaconia
,
or
Braccio
di
Maina
on
the
East
;
being
also
bounded
by
the
Sea
of
Sapienza
on
the
South
,
and
that
of
Ionia
on
the
West
,
it
comprehends
the
old
Provinces
of
Elis
and
Messenia
.
The
places
of
chiefest
Note
are
these
,
viz.
-
Modon
,
Bish
.
Cap.
-
Belvedere
.
-
Coron
.
-
Calamata
.
-
Navarin
.
MODON
,
anciently
call'd
Methone
,
and
now
Maitune
,
or
Mutum
by
the
Turks
;
is
advantagiously
seated
on
a
Cape
of
the
Sea
of
Sapienza
,
and
hath
at
the
foot
thereof
a
very
fair
and
commodious
Harbour
;
being
distant
15
miles
from
Coron
to
the
South-West
,
and
70
from
Cape
Matapan
almost
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
strong
rich
and
trading
City
,
dignify'd
with
a
Bishop's
;
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Patras
,
and
was
lately
the
usual
place
of
Residence
of
the
Turkish
Sangiack
,
or
Governor
of
the
Morea
.
It
sustain'd
much
damage
in
the
time
of
the
Emperor
Trajan
,
by
the
inroads
of
the
Illyrians
,
who
surpriz'd
and
slew
many
Inhabitants
:
But
the
munificence
of
that
generous
Prince
made
amends
for
those
losses
;
for
he
granted
it
many
considerable
Priviledges
which
were
likewise
confirm'd
by
Constantine
the
Great
.
In
1124.
the
Venetians
made
themselves
Masters
of
Modon
,
under
their
Doge
,
Domenico
Michiole
,
but
it
was
retaken
the
next
year
by
the
Emperor
of
Constantinople
.
In
1204.
on
the
Division
of
the
Empire
,
it
fell
again
to
the
lot
of
the
Venetians
,
out
of
whose
hands
it
was
wrested
in
1208.
by
Leo
Veteran
a
famous
Genoese
Pirate
:
But
the
Usurper
did
not
long
enjoy
his
new
Possessions
,
for
being
seiz'd
in
the
Hellespont
,
he
was
convey'd
to
Corfu
,
and
there
put
to
an
ignominious
Death
,
whereupon
his
Party
was
so
extreamly
terrify'd
and
discourag'd
,
that
the
Captains
Dandalo
and
Promalino
soon
found
means
to
reduce
Modon
without
any
resistance
.
In
1498.
Sultan
Bajazet
II
.
besieg'd
the
same
place
with
an
Army
of
150000
Men
,
and
surpriz'd
it
after
a
stout
Defence
and
a
sharp
Encounter
with
the
Forces
that
came
to
its
Relief
.
In
1659.
General
Morosini
took
it
from
the
Turks
,
who
regain'd
it
in
the
end
of
the
Candian
War
.
However
in
1686.
the
Arms
of
the
State
of
Venice
prevail'd
again
to
rescue
this
Noble
City
from
the
Ottoman
Tyranny
,
and
the
Conquerors
then
found
in
it
about
90
pieces
of
Ordinance
.
BELVEDERE
is
the
Elis
of
the
Ancients
,
and
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Peneius
,
15
miles
from
the
Coasts
of
the
Ionian
Sea
to
the
East
,
and
24
from
Chiarenza
to
the
South
.
This
Town
gives
its
name
to
the
whole
Province
,
which
now
comprehends
both
the
Territories
of
Elis
and
Messene
,
of
which
the
former
were
heretofore
famous
,
for
producing
abundance
of
Horses
of
an
excellent
kind
.
CORON
,
Corona
is
one
of
the
most
important
places
in
the
Morea
,
by
reason
of
its
strong
and
commodious
situation
on
the
left
side
of
Cape
Gallo
,
or
the
Acritas
Promontorium
of
Ptolomey
.
It
was
anciently
esteem'd
a
Colony
of
the
Thebans
,
call'd
Pedasus
by
the
Poets
,
Epea
by
Pausanias
,
and
Corona
by
Strabo
and
Pliny
,
which
last
name
(
as
they
say
)
was
taken
from
a
Brass
Coronet
in
Greek
,
{αβγδ}
found
in
digging
its
foundation
:
The
Town
lies
on
a
tongue
of
Land
,
in
form
of
an
irregular
Triangle
,
and
one
of
the
Angles
is
guarded
with
a
large
Tower
built
by
the
Venetians
for
a
Magazine
,
A.
D.
1463.
Between
the
two
other
sides
that
front
the
Land
,
there
is
a
space
wide
enough
to
go
round
the
Fortress
,
which
hath
for
its
defence
an
old
Wall
of
an
unequal
thickness
Flank'd
with
strong
Towers
.
Somewhat
farther
toward
the
East
,
is
a
Suburb
containing
about
500
Houses
.
Nevertheless
the
Town
hath
no
Port
excepting
the
Gulph
that
bears
its
Name
,
wherein
a
great
number
of
Vessels
may
safely
ride
at
Anchor
.
The
Coun●ry
affords
good
store
of
all
sorts
of
Fruits
and
Grain
,
as
well
as
excellent
Oils
and
Silks
,
with
which
many
Ships
are
laden
thence
every
year
.
Baudrand
is
of
opinion
that
this
Town
that
hath
often
chang'd
its
Masters
,
was
first
resign'd
to
the
State
of
Venice
,
by
the
Despotes
or
Princes
of
the
Morea
;
but
Verdrizotti
assures
us
that
they
never
had
it
before
the
Division
of
the
Eastern
Empire
.
However
Leo
Veteran
the
Genoese
Corsair
surpriz'd
it
in
1204.
But
after
he
had
been
executed
at
Corfu
it
return'd
to
the
Venetians
,
its
rightful-Owners
,
from
whom
it
was
taken
by
the
numerous
Army
of
Bajazet
II
.
in
1498.
The
Spaniards
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Andrea
Doria
,
Adm●ral
of
the
Emperor
Charles
V's
Fleet
,
recover'd
this
Place
from
the
Turks
in
1532.
but
were
soon
after
obliged
to
leave
it
.
In
1685.
General
Francisco
Morosini
reduced
it
to
the
Obedience
of
the
Republick
,
notwithstanding
the
obstinate
Defence
of
the
Besieged
,
and
the
Succours
that
came
to
their
Relief
,
putting
the
whole
Garrison
to
the
Sword
.
Divers
Persons
of
considerable
Quality
lost
their
Lives
during
this
Siege
,
which
continued
49
Days
,
among
whom
were
the
Commander
La
Tour
,
General
of
the
Land-Forces
of
Maltha
,
the
Prince
of
Brunswick
the
Prince
of
Savoy
,
Captain
Ravagnin
,
&c.
Calamata
is
an
unwall'd
Town
or
Borough
,
extending
itself
in
a
Champain
Country
,
on
the
Left-side
of
the
River
Pamissus
or
Spirnazza
.
It
is
indifferently
well
inhabited
,
and
had
a
Castle
of
a
regular
Fabrick
,
built
on
a
neighbouring
Hill
.
Signior
Morisini
surpriz'd
it
by
a
Stratagem
,
A.
D.
1659.
and
left
it
,
after
having
set
Fire
thereto
,
and
pillaged
the
Country
round
about
.
The
same
General
retook
this
Fort
in
1685.
and
caused
it
to
be
entirely
demomolished
.
NAVARINO
,
Navarinum
aut
Pylus
Messeniaca
,
one
of
the
most
ancient
Towns
of
the
Morea
,
is
distant
13
miles
from
Modon
to
the
North
and
28
from
Coron
almost
to
the
West
,
being
divided
into
2
Parts
,
viz.
the
Old
and
the
New
,
the
former
is
founded
on
a
steep
Rock
that
stretcheth
itself
into
the
Sea
,
which
makes
its
Natural
Situation
very
strong
,
besides
its
Artificial
Fortifications
.
On
the
Left-Side
stands
the
New
Town
,
on
the
Side
of
a
Hill
,
defended
by
strong
Walls
and
a
Citadel
,
with
6
Bastions
,
erected
by
the
Turks
A.
D.
1572.
at
the
bottom
whereof
lies
a
Harbour
,
the
best
and
most
capacious
in
all
the
Morea
,
its
Entrance
being
commanded
by
the
Cannon
of
old
Navarino
.
Sultan
Ibrahim
chose
this
Haven
,
A.
D.
1644.
for
the
Rendezvous
of
his
Fleet
,
consisting
of
200
Sail
,
and
designed
against
the
Island
of
Candia
;
the
Turks
having
been
Masters
of
the
Town
ever
since
the
Year
1498.
until
1686.
when
General
Morosini
appearing
before
Old
Navarin
with
200
Ships
,
under
the
command
of
General
Coningsmark
,
forced
the
Garrison
to
come
to
a
Capitulation
.
But
the
New
Town
made
a
resolute
Defence
,
in
Hopes
of
being
relieved
by
the
Serasquier
of
the
Morea
,
then
on
his
March
.
However
,
General
Coningsmark
,
leaving
the
Management
of
the
Siege
to
Signior
Mocenago
,
defeated
the
Serasquier
,
and
soon
constrained
the
Town
to
surrender
.
ZACONIA
,
or
BRACCIO
DI
MAINA
.
The
Province
of
ZACONIA
,
otherwise
called
Braccio
di
Maina
,
i●
the
largest
of
the
4
into
which
the
Peninsula
of
the
Morea
is
usually
divided
,
comprizing
the
ancient
Countries
of
Arcadia
and
Laconia
.
It
is
situated
between
Chiarenza
on
the
North
,
Saccania
on
the
East
,
the
Sea
of
Sapienza
or
of
Candia
on
the
South
,
and
Belvedere
on
the
West
.
There
are
here
many
vast
Rocks
,
Caves
and
Precipices
,
that
render
these
Territories
subject
to
frequent
Earthquakes
.
The
principal
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
-
Malvasia
,
Archb.
Cap.
-
Misitra
or
Lacedaemon
,
Bish
.
-
Zarnata
,
-
Chielefa
,
-
Passava
,
-
Maina
,
-
&c.
MALVASIA
,
or
Napoli
di
Malvasia
,
heretofore
well
known
by
the
Name
of
Epidaurus
,
is
founded
on
a
Rock
,
near
the
farthest
South-eastern
Promontory
,
commonly
called
Cape
Malao
,
affording
a
very
pleasant
Prospect
from
thence
into
the
Sea
and
the
adjacent
Country
.
It
is
also
encompassed
on
all
Sides
with
the
Sea
,
and
joyned
to
the
Continent
by
a
fair
Timber
Bridge
;
nevertheless
,
it
is
supplyed
with
Springs
of
fresh
Water
sufficient
both
for
the
use
of
the
Town
and
Gardens
round
about
.
Neither
is
the
Place
less
remarkable
for
its
Strength
,
since
one
can
approach
thereto
only
on
the
North-Side
,
and
there
it
is
guarded
by
a
triple
Wall
.
Next
to
this
Wall
is
a
Suburb
,
containing
a
great
number
of
Houses
,
and
enclosed
within
a
strong
Rampart
.
The
Convenience
of
its
Harbour
,
defended
by
the
Fortress
,
is
likewise
no
small
Advantage
to
the
Inhabitants
.
The
neighbouring
Fields
yield
as
much
Corn
as
serves
to
maintain
60
Persons
;
which
Complement
of
Men
,
considering
the
natural
Strength
of
the
Place
,
may
be
enough
for
the
Garrison
:
Moreover
,
the
Soil
brings
forth
abundance
of
Grapes
,
whereof
are
made
the
most
excellent
sort
of
Wine
in
the
whole
Country
of
Greece
,
commonly
call'd
Malmsey
by
the
English
.
This
ancient
City
,
dignified
with
a
Metropolitan
See
,
●ows
its
Foundation
to
a
Colony
of
Argos
,
and
was
,
in
times
past
,
much
frequented
on
the
account
of
the
famous
Temple
of
Aesculapius
.
Altho'
the
Fortress
of
Malvasia
seems
almost
impregnable
,
yet
the
French
and
Venetians
,
under
the
command
of
Baldwin
Count
of
Flanders
,
afterward
Emperor
of
Constantinople
,
took
it
from
the
Grecian
Emperor
;
and
it
was
retaken
from
William
,
a
French
Baron
,
to
whom
it
had
been
given
by
the
said
Baldwin
.
Whereupon
he
resigned
his
Right
to
the
Venetians
;
who
having
subdued
it
with
a
powerful
Fleet
,
kept
it
in
their
Possession
till
1537.
when
they
delivered
it
up
to
Sultan
Solyman
to
purchase
a
Peace
.
In
the
Candian
War
they
stormed
,
plundered
and
burnt
the
same
City
,
putting
most
of
the
Inhabitants
to
the
Sword
,
and
carried
away
all
the
Artillery
.
However
,
the
Turks
rebuilt
it
,
and
have
ever
since
maintained
a
good
Garrison
there
.
In
1689.
it
was
besieged
again
by
the
Venetians
,
under
the
Conduct
of
their
Doge
Morisini
,
who
being
recalled
home
by
the
Senate
,
on
September
14th
,
left
the
Place
blockt
up
by
3
Forts
and
a
Squadron
of
light
Frigats
,
so
that
on
the
10th
of
August
1690.
it
was
actually
surrendred
to
the
State
of
Venice
,
having
been
the
last
Place
that
stood
out
against
their
Forces
.
It
is
distant
50
miles
from
Misitra
or
Lacedaemon
almost
to
the
East
,
and
100
from
Athens
to
the
South
.
MISITRA
is
situated
(
according
to
the
Report
of
Mr.
Vernon
and
Sir
George
Wheeler
)
about
4
miles
from
the
old
Ruins
of
Lacedaemon
,
as
also
30
miles
from
Megalopolis
or
Leondari
to
the
South-west
,
20
from
the
Gulph
of
Castel-Rampani
,
85
from
Corinth
,
120
from
Athens
to
the
South
,
150
from
Lepanto
to
the
South-east
,
and
526
from
Constantinople
to
the
South-west
.
This
City
being
one
of
the
most
ancient
and
famous
of
Greece
,
was
at
first
call'd
Lelegia
from
Lelex
its
first
King
(
who
was
contemporary
with
C●crops
I.
King
of
Athens
)
afterward
Lacedaemon
,
from
the
Name
of
his
Successor
,
and
Sparta
from
Queen
Sparta
,
the
Daughter
of
Lacedaemon
by
Europa
,
or
(
according
to
the
Opinion
of
others
)
from
Spartus
the
Son
of
Phoroneus
,
King
of
the
Argives
,
its
Founder
.
Some
Authors
affirm
,
That
it
was
built
A.
M.
2997.
in
the
Time
of
the
Patriarch
Jacob
,
983
Years
before
Rome
,
and
1763
before
the
Nativity
of
Jesus
Christ
.
We
are
informed
by
Polybius
that
it
was
of
a
round
Figure
,
and
extended
48
Greek
Stadia
or
Furlongs
,
that
is
to
say
about
6
English
miles
in
compass
.
And
indeed
there
never
was
any
other
City
in
the
World
that
flourished
so
much
in
military
Glory
,
as
having
had
a
great
share
in
those
notable
Atchievements
which
rendred
that
Nation
so
illustrious
,
for
they
often
contended
for
the
Mastery
with
the
Athenians
,
and
subdued
almost
the
whole
Continent
of
Greece
.
They
were
also
governed
by
Kings
for
a
much
longer
time
than
any
of
their
Neighbours
,
for
the
Kingdom
of
Lacedaemon
was
first
founded
by
Lelex
,
about
A.
M.
2570.
when
Sthenelus
IX
.
and
last
King
of
the
Family
of
Inachus
began
to
reign
at
Argos
.
The
first
Dynasty
continued
181
Years
,
viz.
from
Lelex
to
Tisamenes
,
the
Son
of
Orestes
,
the
13th
and
last
King
of
that
Race
,
who
was
expelled
A.
M.
2951.
by
the
Heraclidae
,
who
were
also
call'd
Eurysthenidae
and
Agidae
.
Under
these
the
second
Dynasty
was
begun
by
Procles
and
Eurysthenes
,
the
Sons
of
Aristodemus
of
Argia
,
who
became
the
Heads
of
two
Royal
Families
,
whereof
the
one
named
Eurythenidae
,
was
the
more
renown'd
of
the
two
,
and
furnish'd
31
Kings
,
the
last
of
them
being
Agesipolis
III
.
The
other
Family
was
that
of
the
Proclidae
or
Eurypontidae
,
wherein
are
reckon'd
only
24
Kings
,
and
this
Dynasty
lasted
895
Years
.
The
Lacedaemonians
were
first
civilized
by
their
famous
Law-giver
Lycurgus
,
who
being
constituted
Guardian
to
Charillas
,
the
posthumous
Son
of
his
Brother
Polydectes
,
not
only
preserved
the
Crown
for
him
till
he
came
to
Age
,
but
by
his
admirable
Laws
and
prudent
conduct
extremely
augmented
the
Lustre
of
that
Kingdom
.
The
same
Lycurgus
erected
a
Senate
,
on
the
one
Hand
to
moderate
the
Sovereign
Power
,
and
on
the
other
to
curb
the
Insolence
of
the
common
People
:
This
Senate
consisted
of
32
Persons
,
invested
with
equal
Authority
,
the
Prince
himself
being
one
of
its
Members
.
But
King
Theopompus
establish'd
the
Ephori
,
a
sort
of
Officers
who
had
much
the
same
Power
with
the
Tribunes
of
the
People
at
Rome
,
to
counterbalance
the
Power
of
the
King
and
Senate
,
taking
warning
by
the
Ruin
of
the
Government
of
the
Messenians
and
Argives
,
caused
by
the
too
absolute
Dominion
of
their
Monarchs
.
At
Misitra
are
now
only
to
be
seen
the
miserable
Ruins
of
the
ancient
Grandeur
of
Lacedaemon
;
nevertheless
it
still
retains
the
Title
of
a
Bishop's
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Corinth
.
The
City
is
divided
into
4
different
Quarters
,
sever'd
one
from
another
,
viz.
the
Castle
,
the
Town
,
and
2
large
Suburbs
,
one
of
which
is
call'd
Mesochorion
or
the
Middle-borough
,
and
the
other
Hexochorion
,
or
the
Out-borough
.
The
Castle
,
City
and
Mesochorion
are
separated
from
the
Hexochorion
by
the
River
Eurotas
or
Vaseli-potamos
.
Within
the
Castle
formerly
stood
the
Temples
of
Diana
Lipathria
,
and
of
Minerva
Panachaida
,
or
Pr●tectress
of
all
Achaia
,
besides
the
Monument
of
Eurypilus
,
Son
of
Euaemon
,
who
was
present
at
the
Taking
of
Troy
.
Moreover
this
Castle
or
Citadel
,
now
bearing
the
Name
of
To
Castron
,
is
environed
with
firm
Walls
,
and
stands
so
advantagiously
on
the
Top
of
Mount
Taygetus
,
that
some
Historians
make
no
Scruple
to
avouch
it
was
never
taken
by
open
Force
either
by
the
Turks
or
Venetians
.
The
City
,
lying
at
the
Foot
of
the
Castle
,
that
covers
it
toward
the
North
,
consists
of
2
spacious
Streets
and
several
other
crossing
them
.
The
Old
Market-place
,
call'd
Agora
by
the
Greeks
,
is
beautified
with
a
curious
Fountain
,
and
hath
a
Church
near
it
erected
from
the
Ruins
of
the
Temple
of
Minerva
.
Here
are
also
the
Remains
of
4
Marble
Buildings
,
which
are
the
most
considerable
Antiquities
of
Misitra
,
viz.
the
Persian
Portico
or
Gallery
,
built
by
the
Lacedaemonians
in
Memory
of
a
signal
Victory
obtain'd
by
them
over
a
formidable
Army
of
Persians
,
at
the
Battle
of
Plataea
;
the
Temple
of
Helena
;
as
also
that
of
Hercules
and
Venus
Armata
.
The
Cathedral
Church
is
dedicated
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
and
nam'd
Panagia
,
i
.
e
.
All-holy
,
having
seven
Domes
.
All
its
Pillars
are
of
very
fair
Marble
,
and
the
Pavement
a
Piece
of
curious
M●saick
Work
.
Not
far
from
the
Church
is
the
Bishop's
Palace
,
together
with
an
Apartment
for
10
or
12
Caloyers
or
Greek
Monks
,
who
are
the
Dignitaries
of
the
Panagia
.
In
passing
somewhat
farther
we
meet
with
the
famous
Monastery
of
the
Pandanessis
,
belonging
to
the
Order
of
S.
Basil
,
the
Church
whereof
is
more
magnificent
than
the
Metropolitan
,
tho'
not
so
large
.
In
the
Mesochorion
is
another
Church
,
dedicated
likewise
to
the
Virgin
Mary
,
under
the
Name
of
Panagia
,
and
far
more
sumptuous
than
the
other
2
;
but
the
stateliest
Mosque
the
Turks
had
in
Misitra
,
stood
in
the
same
Quarter
,
in
the
Building
and
Adorning
of
which
Structure
,
they
had
made
use
of
all
the
rich
Remains
of
the
Lacedaemonian
Antiquities
.
Without
the
Walls
of
the
City
are
still
to
be
seen
the
Dromos
and
the
Platanon
;
the
former
was
anciently
a
Place
where
the
Spartans
were
wont
to
perform
their
Exercises
of
Wrestling
,
Racing
and
other
Publick
Sports
.
The
Platanon
was
a
pleasant
Grove
of
Plain-trees
,
the
Shade
whereof
is
very
refreshing
and
delightful
.
The
Emperors
of
Constantinople
formerly
made
this
City
the
Appenage
or
Inheritance
of
their
eldest
Sons
,
who
were
usually
styled
Despotes
or
Lords
of
Sparta
;
but
it
was
seized
by
Mahomet
II
.
surnamed
the
Great
,
about
A.
D.
1460.
7
Years
after
the
taking
of
Constantinople
,
and
5
after
that
of
Athens
.
In
1463.
the
Italians
,
under
Sigismund
Malatesta
,
stormed
Misitra
,
but
not
being
able
to
master
the
Citadel
on
Mount
Taygetus
,
they
raised
the
Siege
,
after
having
burnt
and
almost
entirely
ruin'd
the
Town
,
which
was
also
taken
by
the
Venetians
in
1473.
under
the
Conduct
of
their
General
Benedetto
Colleone
,
but
his
Death
intervening
hindred
them
from
subduing
the
Castle
.
However
,
they
were
both
surrendred
to
General
Morosini
,
together
with
divers
other
important
Places
in
the
Morea
,
A.
D.
1687.
ZARNATA
,
a
Hold
of
considerable
Strength
,
seated
on
a
pleasant
Rising
Ground
,
and
defended
by
several
Towers
and
other
Fortifications
,
about
25
miles
from
Misitra
almost
to
the
West
.
It
was
attack'd
by
the
Venetians
A.
D.
1685.
when
the
Captain
Bassa
being
posted
not
above
5
miles
off
,
with
a
good
Army
,
nevertheless
durst
not
attempt
to
relieve
the
Place
,
insomuch
that
upon
his
Retreat
the
Turkish
Garrison
,
consisting
of
600
Men
,
surrendred
,
and
according
to
the
Articles
of
Capitulation
were
conducted
to
some
other
Town
.
But
the
Aga
fearing
the
Loss
of
his
Head
,
retir'd
to
Venice
,
and
General
Morosini
left
250
Men
in
Garrison
at
Zarnata
,
under
Colonel
Prastini
.
CHIELEFA
,
a
strong
Town
,
extending
itself
a
mile
in
Compass
,
at
the
distance
of
2
miles
from
the
Sea
,
and
17
from
Cape
Matapan
to
the
North
,
not
far
from
the
place
where
Vitulo
,
a
Trading
City
of
good
note
formerly
stood
,
which
communicated
its
Name
to
Port
Vitulo
,
a
Haven
now
little
frequented
,
as
not
being
either
Commodious
or
Safe
.
Chielefa
is
of
a
square
Figure
,
founded
on
a
steep
Rock
,
and
having
for
its
defence
very
firm
Walls
,
flanked
with
5
large
Towers
.
General
Morosini
took
this
Fortress
on
Composition
,
A.
D.
1685.
and
found
there
above
50
Pieces
of
Cannon
.
The
Turks
endeavour'd
to
regain
it
the
next
Year
,
but
were
routed
by
the
Venetians
,
and
lost
all
their
rich
Camp
.
SACCANIA
or
ROMANIA
,
MINOR
.
This
Province
,
which
comprehends
the
Territories
of
Argia
,
Sicyonia
and
Corinth
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
Gulph
of
Lepanto
,
the
Isthmus
of
Corinth
and
the
Gulph
of
Engia
,
on
the
East
by
the
Aegean
Sea
,
on
the
South
by
Zaconia
and
the
Gulph
of
Napoli
di
Romania
,
and
on
the
West
by
part
of
the
same
Province
of
Zaconia
and
that
of
Chiarenza
In
the
Country
formerly
call'd
Argia
is
the
Lake
Lerna
,
famous
for
the
Hydra
or
monstrous
Water-Snake
kill'd
there
by
Hercules
.
The
Cities
of
Note
here
are
,
-
Napoli
di
Romania
,
Archb.
Cap.
-
Argos
,
Bish
.
-
Corinth
,
Archb.
NAPOLI
DI
ROMANIA
,
Nauplia
called
Anaplia
by
the
modern
Greeks
,
took
its
Name
from
Nauplius
the
Son
of
Neptune
,
and
as
yet
retains
some
Marks
of
its
former
Grandeur
.
It
's
a
strong
and
fair
City
,
built
in
the
farthest
part
of
the
Gulph
,
now
nam'd
from
thence
Napoli
,
but
anciently
Argolicus
Sinus
,
on
the
Top
of
a
small
Promontory
or
Cape
,
which
is
divided
into
two
Parts
,
one
Side
whereof
shoots
forth
into
the
Sea
,
making
a
safe
and
spacious
Harbour
,
and
the
other
toward
the
Land
,
renders
the
Passage
to
the
Town
almost
inaccessible
,
for
one
can
come
to
it
only
through
a
narrow
and
stony
Way
,
between
the
Mountain
Palamida
and
the
Sea-shore
.
The
Entrance
of
the
Haven
is
likewise
so
strait
,
that
a
single
Galley
can
only
pass
at
once
,
but
the
Inside
of
it
is
capable
of
containing
a
considerable
Fleet
.
Moreover
,
besides
the
natural
Strength
of
the
Place
,
it
is
defended
by
a
Citadel
,
erected
on
a
Rock
in
the
Sea
,
and
distant
about
100
Yards
from
the
City
,
which
is
now
the
Capital
of
the
Morea
,
and
the
See
of
an
Archbishop
,
having
been
sometime
only
that
of
a
Bishop
,
Suffragan
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Corinth
.
It
was
also
lately
the
usual
Place
of
Residence
of
the
Turkish
Sangiack
or
Governour
,
and
contained
above
60000
Greeks
,
besides
a
great
number
of
Inhabitants
of
other
Nations
.
Napoli
is
distant
78
miles
from
Athens
to
the
South-west
,
and
60
from
Misitra
to
the
North
.
This
City
,
as
well
as
many
others
,
hath
undergone
many
Revolutions
and
Changes
of
Government
;
for
in
1205.
the
French
and
Venetian
Forces
seiz'd
on
it
,
and
in
1388.
it
was
stormed
by
King
Giovanissa
.
who
put
the
whole
Garrison
to
the
Sword
and
blew
up
the
Town
.
Afterward
Napoli
fell
into
the
Hands
of
Maria
Erigana
,
or
Anguien
by
Corruption
,
the
Relict
of
Peter
,
Son
to
Frederick
Cornaro
Piscopia
:
But
this
Princess
not
being
any
longer
able
to
maintain
it
against
so
potent
an
Enemy
as
Bajazet
the
Ottoman
Emperor
,
sold
it
to
the
Republick
of
Venice
,
A.
D.
1383.
The
Venetians
defended
it
bravely
against
the
Attacks
of
Mahomet
II
.
in
1460.
and
in
like
manner
forced
Solyman
II
.
to
raise
the
Siege
he
had
laid
thereto
in
1537.
nevertheless
they
were
obliged
to
resign
it
to
him
two
Years
after
to
procure
a
Peace
.
In
1686.
General
Morosini
having
ordered
General
Coningsmark
to
take
Possession
of
Mount
Palamida
,
within
Musquet-Shot
of
the
Town
,
defeated
the
Serasquier
that
came
to
its
Relief
,
and
took
Argos
,
the
Fleet
at
the
same
time
taking
Ternis
:
However
,
on
the
29th
Day
of
August
the
Serasquier
advancing
again
with
a
Body
of
10000
Men
,
attacked
the
Venetians
in
their
Trenches
:
The
Battle
remained
dubious
for
3
hours
,
but
at
last
the
Turks
were
entirely
routed
.
Whereupon
the
Garrison
of
Napoli
came
to
a
Capitulation
,
on
the
usual
Terms
,
and
was
conducted
to
Tenedos
.
ARGOS
or
Argo
,
Argos
aut
Argos
Peloponnesiacum
,
was
heretofore
the
Metropolis
of
the
Dominions
of
King
Agamemnon
,
and
of
the
Country
of
Argia
,
being
seated
on
the
Inachus
or
Planizza
,
7
m
.
from
Napoli
di
Romania
almost
to
the
West
,
10
from
the
Ruins
of
Old
Mycenae
,
25
from
Corinth
to
the
South
,
and
60
from
Misitra
or
Lacedaemon
.
But
this
Noble
City
hath
little
now
left
excepting
the
bare
Name
,
as
a
Memorial
of
its
ancient
Splendor
,
its
magnificent
publick
Buildings
being
reduced
to
some
paltry
Houses
and
Cottages
,
besides
the
Citadel
.
However
,
its
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Archbishop
of
Corinth
,
hath
been
for
some
Time
erected
into
a
Metropolitan
.
But
we
must
distinguish
this
Argos
from
some
other
Towns
in
Greece
of
the
same
Name
,
particularly
Argos
Amphilochium
in
Epirus
,
Argos
Pelasgicum
in
Thessaly
,
Argos
Hippium
in
Achaia
,
so
nam'd
from
the
numerous
Herds
of
excellent
Horses
there
bred
,
&c.
Argos
in
the
Morea
was
purchased
of
Mary
Erigana
or
Anguien
,
in
1388.
by
the
Venetians
,
in
whose
Hands
it
remain'd
till
the
Time
of
Mahomet
II
.
Afterward
they
took
it
from
the
Venetians
in
1463.
but
it
was
recover'd
by
General
Morosini
in
1686.
CORINTH
,
Corinthus
,
hath
as
yet
almost
preserved
its
old
Name
,
being
now
commonly
call'd
Corintho
or
Coranto
,
and
more
contractedly
Coritho
,
being
situated
almost
in
the
midst
of
the
Isthmus
,
that
takes
its
Name
from
thence
,
at
the
distance
of
about
2
Miles
from
the
Gulph
of
Corinth
or
Lepanto
,
and
6
or
7
from
the
Saronick
Gulph
,
as
also
85
miles
from
Patras
to
the
East
,
54
from
Athens
to
the
South-west
,
25
from
Argos
,
and
85
from
Misitra
or
Lacedaemon
to
the
North
.
Notwithstanding
its
former
Grandeur
and
the
Title
of
a
Metropolitan
See
,
it
is
not
now
large
enough
to
deserve
the
Denomination
of
a
City
,
yet
may
well
pass
for
a
considerable
Country
Town
.
It
is
defended
by
a
Castle
,
formerly
well
known
by
the
Name
of
Acro-Corinthus
,
and
the
lower
Town
lies
pleasantly
on
an
easie
Descent
of
Ground
toward
the
Gulph
of
Lepanto
.
The
Buildings
are
not
contiguous
,
but
in
Parcels
of
10
,
12
,
and
sometimes
20
together
,
adorn'd
with
Gardens
of
Orange
,
Limon
,
Citron
and
Cypress-Trees
.
There
is
also
so
much
Space
between
every
one
of
these
Knots
of
Buildings
,
as
that
they
have
Corn-Fields
between
them
.
The
biggest
of
these
Quarters
is
that
near
the
Bazar
or
Market-place
,
consisting
of
about
80
or
100
Houses
.
Here
are
also
2
Turkish
Mosques
and
one
small
Church
called
Panagia
,
which
is
the
See
of
the
Archbishop
,
tho'
a
mean
Place
for
such
an
Ecclesiastical
Dignity
.
The
adjacent
Plain
toward
Sicyon
or
Basilico
is
watered
with
2
Rivulets
,
as
also
well
cultivated
and
planted
with
Olive-yards
and
Vineyards
,
being
beset
with
many
small
Villages
,
scattered
up
and
down
,
that
afford
a
most
delightful
Prospect
,
so
that
it
is
difficult
to
determine
whether
this
Plain
is
more
beautiful
to
the
Beholders
or
more
profitable
to
the
Inhabitants
,
for
it
yields
great
Quantities
of
excellent
Oil
and
generous
Wines
;
but
Corn
grows
so
plentifully
there
as
to
make
amends
for
the
the
Barrenness
of
its
Neighbouring
Countries
.
The
Castle
or
Aero-Corinthus
stands
on
a
very
high
Rock
,
having
a
great
Precipice
round
about
,
but
not
so
steep
at
the
Entrance
on
the
South-west
Side
,
from
whence
runs
out
a
Ridge
of
the
Hills
2
or
3
miles
Southward
in
the
Morea
.
And
indeed
this
is
the
only
open
Place
from
whence
Mahomet
II
.
made
his
Assault
when
he
took
the
Castle
from
the
Venetians
after
a
Siege
of
14
Months
.
This
Side
of
the
Rock
is
well
cover'd
with
Houses
;
for
the
most
part
of
the
Inhabitants
that
dwell
below
in
the
Town
have
also
Houses
in
the
Castle
,
where
their
best
Goods
are
secured
from
the
frequent
Incursions
of
the
Corsairs
.
There
are
also
abundance
of
Cisterns
for
Water
hewn
in
the
Rock
,
and
some
Springs
,
particularly
one
toward
the
Southern
Side
of
the
Hill
,
which
was
heretofore
called
Pyrene
,
being
the
Place
where
(
as
they
say
)
Bellerophon
took
the
winged
Horse
Pegasus
as
he
was
there
drinking
.
The
City
of
Corinth
,
in
time
past
,
brought
forth
the
most
able
Architects
,
Painters
and
Carvers
of
Greece
,
and
had
2
remarkable
Havens
,
viz.
that
of
Lechaeum
on
the
Bay
of
Lepanto
,
and
that
of
Cenchreae
or
Chenchri
,
on
the
Gulph
of
Engia
,
whence
the
Poets
named
it
by
a
peculiar
Epithet
,
Bimaris
Corinthus
.
It
was
built
(
as
it
is
supposed
)
by
Sisyphus
the
Son
of
Aeolus
,
about
A.
M.
2616.
and
was
called
Ephyre
,
until
being
demolished
and
rebuilt
by
one
Corinthus
,
the
Son
of
Marothon
,
or
(
according
to
the
Opinion
of
others
)
of
Pelops
,
it
assumed
the
Name
of
its
second
Founder
.
Thus
,
in
process
of
Time
,
it
became
the
most
renowned
of
all
the
Cities
of
Greece
,
and
by
reason
of
the
convenience
of
its
Scituation
,
rose
up
to
so
great
a
height
of
Grandeur
that
the
Citizens
vyed
even
with
those
of
Rome
,
and
forbore
not
contumeliously
to
treat
their
Ambassadors
,
besmearing
them
with
Dirt
and
Filth
,
according
to
the
Report
of
Strabo
;
insomuch
that
the
Roman
Senate
highly
resenting
these
Indignities
,
and
having
before
suspected
their
growing
Power
,
determined
to
denounce
War
against
them
.
Whereupon
Lucius
Mummius
was
sent
with
an
Army
into
Greece
,
who
took
Corinth
,
set
it
on
Fire
,
and
laid
it
level
with
the
Ground
.
During
which
terrible
Conflagration
,
many
rich
Statues
of
Copper
,
Gold
and
Silver
being
melted
down
,
produced
that
most
precious
Mixture
of
Metals
thence
call'd
Corinthian
Brass
.
But
the
City
was
re-edified
and
Peopled
anew
,
through
the
Liberality
of
Julius
Caesar
.
S.
Paul
preached
and
resided
there
for
some
time
,
and
afterward
wrote
his
2
Epistles
to
the
Corinthians
.
This
City
in
later
Times
was
granted
by
its
Lords
to
the
Venetians
,
until
the
Turks
,
under
Mahomet
II
.
took
it
from
them
,
together
with
the
adjacent
Country
:
But
they
recovered
it
out
of
the
Hands
of
those
Infidels
,
A.
D.
1687.
The
Isthmus
of
Corinth
,
Isthmus
Peloponnesiacus
&
Corinthiacus
,
is
a
Neck
of
Land
extended
about
6
or
7
miles
in
breadth
,
between
the
Gulph
of
Lepanto
and
that
of
Engia
,
which
joyns
the
Peninsula
of
the
Morea
to
the
Continent
of
Achaia
.
It
was
anciently
famous
for
the
Isthmian
Games
,
first
instituted
by
Theseus
,
and
there
celebrated
on
a
Hill
,
being
part
of
the
Mountain
Oneius
;
as
also
for
the
Forest
of
Pine-trees
,
the
Leaves
of
which
served
to
crown
the
Conquerors
,
the
Theatre
,
Stadium
,
Temple
of
Neptune
and
other
Monuments
of
Antiquity
,
the
Ruins
of
which
are
as
yet
to
be
seen
,
together
with
those
of
the
Town
,
old
Walls
,
Temples
,
&c.
Divers
Princes
and
other
great
Personages
,
viz.
Alexander
the
great
,
Pitias
,
Demetrius
,
Julius
Caesar
,
Caligula
,
Nero
and
Herodes
Atticus
,
have
at
different
Times
attempted
to
cut
a
Channel
through
the
Isthmus
,
and
to
make
a
communication
between
the
two
Seas
,
being
incited
thereto
either
through
a
desire
to
advance
Navigation
and
Commerce
,
or
merely
to
raise
a
Monument
to
their
own
Fame
:
However
none
of
them
were
able
to
accomplish
their
Design
,
whether
iterrupted
with
other
more
important
Affairs
,
or
wearied
out
with
the
tediousness
of
the
Work
,
which
gave
occasion
to
the
Proverb
,
Isthmum
fodere
,
against
those
that
presum'd
to
undertake
things
beyond
their
Ability
.
Moreover
,
a
Wall
was
built
on
the
same
Neck
of
Land
,
and
call'd
Hexamillion
,
because
it
reached
6
miles
in
length
,
which
is
the
whole
breadth
of
that
part
of
the
Isthmus
.
This
Wall
was
Ruined
by
Amurath
II
.
But
the
Venetians
caused
it
to
be
Rebuilt
and
Fortified
,
until
it
was
demolished
a
second
time
by
Mahomet
II
.
in
1443.
CHAP
VI
.
BESSARABIA
,
Bessarabia
,
together
with
part
of
PODOLIA
and
HUNGARY
.
BESSARABIA
is
a
very
large
Province
of
Europe
,
lying
between
Podolia
,
Moldavia
and
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Danube
,
along
the
Coasts
of
the
Black-Sea
,
to
the
North
of
Bulgaria
.
It
is
a
Marshy
Country
,
and
inhabited
chiefly
by
the
Dobrussian
Tartars
.
Its
Principal
Towns
are
these
,
viz.
TEKIN
or
Tigina
,
a
large
City
and
the
Capital
of
the
whole
Province
of
Bessarabia
,
seated
on
the
River
Niester
toward
the
Frontiers
of
Podolia
,
at
the
distance
of
100
miles
from
Jazy
to
the
North
east
.
KILIA-NOVA
,
a
strong
Town
on
the
Danube
,
about
60
miles
from
Bialogrod
to
the
South-west
and
230
from
Constantinople
to
the
North
.
BIALOGROD
,
or
Akierman
,
a
considerable
Fortress
on
the
Niester
,
and
the
chief
Town
of
the
Principality
of
Budziack
,
42
miles
from
Ockzakow
to
the
South-west
,
and
270
from
Constantinople
to
the
North
.
OCZAKOW
or
Ockziakow
,
Axiace
,
is
situated
at
the
Fall
of
the
River
Borysthenes
or
Niester
into
the
Euxine-Sea
,
44
miles
from
Bialogrod
to
the
North-east
,
and
290
fron
Constantinople
to
the
North
.
It
is
a
Town
of
much
Strength
,
having
a
Castle
for
its
defence
,
which
is
garrisoned
by
the
Turks
,
altho
the
Inhabitants
are
Precopensian
Tartars
.
It
was
founded
by
Vitolaus
Duke
of
Lithuania
,
and
first
peopled
by
his
Subjects
,
giving
its
Name
to
the
Neighbouring
Tartars
,
who
very
much
infest
Podolia
,
Lithuania
and
Poland
,
insomuch
that
the
King
hath
been
sometimes
obliged
to
pay
them
Tribute
,
to
prevent
their
Incursions
:
Nevertheless
the
Polanders
gave
them
a
fatal
Overthrow
,
A.
D.
1644.
The
Grand
Signior
,
in
like
manner
,
still
retains
in
his
Possession
some
Places
in
Podolia
,
a
Province
in
Poland
,
particularly
,
CAMINIECK
or
Kaminieck
Clepidava
,
Caminecia
aut
Camienicum
,
a
very
strong
Town
of
the
Ukraine
,
and
the
Capital
of
Podolia
,
being
distant
72
miles
from
Zockzow
to
the
North-west
,
116
from
Lemburg
almost
to
the
South-east
,
280
from
Cracow
to
the
East
,
and
290
from
Warsaw
.
It
is
a
Bishop's
See
,
subject
to
the
Metropolitan
of
Lemburg
,
and
remarkable
for
its
advantagious
Scituation
on
a
steep
Rock
,
near
the
Banks
of
the
River
Smortzyck
,
which
a
little
lower
falls
into
the
Niester
.
The
Turks
made
several
Attempts
in
vain
on
this
strong
Hold
,
but
having
sustained
much
Damage
by
Fire
,
A.
D.
1669.
and
afterward
by
a
sharp
Siege
,
in
1672.
it
was
at
last
forced
to
submit
to
the
Ottoman
Yoke
,
the
Polanders
being
then
engaged
in
a
Civil
War
among
themselves
,
and
the
Town
in
an
ill
condition
of
Defence
.
It
was
blockt
up
by
the
Cossacks
,
under
their
General
Motula
,
in
the
Month
of
April
1687.
and
the
Polanders
made
Preparations
to
attack
it
in
September
following
;
but
on
the
Approach
of
a
numerous
Army
of
Turks
and
Tartars
,
they
were
both
oblig'd
to
Retire
.
Again
,
the
Polish
Forces
encamping
in
the
Neighbourhood
made
a
kind
of
Blockado
in
1688.
and
in
1689.
having
received
fresh
Recruits
from
Lithuania
,
invested
the
Place
,
and
began
a
formal
Attack
on
August
20th
,
but
their
Enterprize
proving
likewise
unsuccessful
,
they
raised
the
Siege
in
September
next
ensuing
.
BAR
,
a
Town
of
very
great
Strength
on
the
River
Row
,
in
the
Palatinate
of
Caminieck
.
It
is
as
yet
subject
to
the
Dominion
of
the
Turks
,
and
stands
on
a
Hill
amidst
the
Marshes
,
about
70
miles
from
Caminieck
to
the
North
East
,
and
54
from
Braslaw
to
the
North-west
.
As
for
those
Towns
in
HUNGARY
that
were
not
long-a-go
possessed
by
the
Turks
,
and
have
been
lately
reduced
to
the
Emperor's
Obedience
;
The
Reader
may
find
a
Particular
Account
of
them
in
the
Description
of
that
Kingdom
.
CHAP.
VII
.
COUNTRIES
that
are
TRIBUTARY
to
the
TURKS
.
TRANSYLVANIA
,
Transylvania
,
called
Erdely
by
the
Hungarians
,
and
Siebenburgen
by
the
Germans
,
derives
both
its
Latin
and
Hungarian
Names
from
Woods
and
Forests
,
with
which
it
is
encompassed
,
almost
on
all
Sides
;
but
the
High-Dutch
Denomination
hath
a
different
Original
of
much
later
Date
,
taken
from
the
7
chief
Towns
in
this
Principality
,
and
alluding
to
the
manner
of
Living
of
the
ancient
Pannonians
,
who
having
fixed
their
Tents
in
those
Parts
,
for
the
more
ready
suppressing
of
any
Insurrection
that
might
be
raised
against
them
by
the
Natives
,
were
wont
to
keep
in
distinct
Bodies
,
and
accordingly
divided
themselves
into
7
Bands
or
Regiments
,
every
one
of
which
contain'd
3857
able
Soldiers
.
Thus
being
encamped
in
several
quarters
of
Transylvania
,
they
made
Entrenchments
round
about
,
and
for
their
better
Security
built
a
Fortress
or
Castle
at
every
Camp
,
which
first
occasioned
the
alteration
of
the
Name
of
this
Country
;
Siebenburgen
in
the
German
Tongue
,
properly
denoting
7
Forts
or
Towns
.
It
was
heretofore
added
to
the
Roman
Empire
under
the
Name
of
Dacia
,
by
the
Emperor
Trajan
,
and
contained
in
compass
about
1000
Italian
miles
,
according
to
the
Report
of
Eutropius
and
Jornandes
;
but
at
present
nothing
more
is
comprehended
under
the
Name
of
Transylvania
than
only
a
part
of
the
Old
Walachia
,
lying
in
Form
of
a
Rhomb
or
Lozenge
,
and
being
bounded
on
the
North
by
Poland
,
on
the
South
by
Walachia
proper
,
and
part
of
Hungary
,
on
the
East
by
Moldavia
,
and
part
of
the
same
Walachia
,
and
on
the
West
by
the
Upper
Hungary
:
It
's
extent
from
North
to
South
,
consisting
of
about
50
Leagues
and
68
from
East
to
West
.
The
Air
is
altogether
as
temperate
here
as
in
any
part
of
Hungary
,
and
not
so
much
corrupted
with
Infectious
Vapors
,
altho'
the
Waters
are
Unwholsom
,
by
reason
that
they
pass
through
Mines
of
Alum
and
Mercury
.
The
Country
(
as
the
Name
imports
)
is
every
where
environ'd
with
Forests
,
growing
for
the
most
Part
on
the
Sides
of
high
Hills
and
Mountains
.
The
chief
of
these
is
Mount
Carpathus
,
nam'd
Crapack
by
the
Transylvanians
,
and
Biescid
by
the
Russians
,
which
runs
along
the
South
of
the
whole
Principality
,
dividing
it
from
the
Russian
Empire
;
and
indeed
the
Inlands
are
almost
as
mountainous
as
the
outermost
Limits
of
these
Territories
,
insomuch
that
one
can
hard
hardly
travel
from
one
great
Town
to
another
,
but
by
a
Road
,
leading
through
a
Wood
,
and
over
some
rocky
Hill
.
The
highest
inland
Mountain
stands
near
Fogaras
,
on
the
River
Alt
,
its
Top
being
inaccessible
and
always
covered
with
Snow
:
However
the
Soil
brings
forth
abundance
of
Corn
,
Pulse
and
delicious
Fruits
;
affording
likewise
good
Grapes
,
Hony
and
Wax
,
together
with
several
Mines
of
Gold
,
Silver
,
Lead
,
Quick-silver
and
other
Minerals
.
The
chief
Mines
are
at
Sculatti
and
Rimili
Dominurdtz
,
in
the
latter
whereof
the
Miners
have
sometimes
found
large
Lumps
of
Virgin-Gold
,
and
sent
them
to
the
Mint
without
any
further
Purifying
.
The
best
Silver
Mines
are
near
Offera
and
Radna
,
where
they
have
also
good
store
of
Copper
,
and
accidentally
light
on
a
Vein
of
Gold
.
In
the
Copper-Mines
they
usually
meet
with
Brimstone
and
Ising-Glass
,
as
also
plenty
of
Steel
at
Cyck
,
and
of
Iron
at
Thorosch
and
Huniad
.
Lastly
,
the
County
of
Maromarus
affords
vast
quantities
of
Stone-Salt
,
even
so
far
as
to
supply
the
greater
part
of
the
neighbouring
Nations
with
that
Mineral
.
The
Pasture
Grounds
yield
Fodder
to
innumerable
Herds
of
Cattle
,
more
especially
large
Oxen
,
with
which
the
Transylvanians
,
in
Time
of
Peace
,
are
so
over-stock'd
,
that
a
fat
Ox
may
be
then
bought
there
for
12
or
14
Shillings
,
and
sold
again
for
50
or
60
Rix-Dollars
in
Austria
.
They
have
also
a
good
Breed
of
stout
and
swift
Horses
,
that
are
very
much
esteemed
in
Foreign
Countries
.
The
Forests
abound
with
Buffles
,
Elks
,
Stags
,
and
a
sort
of
wild
Horses
that
run
incredibly
swift
,
and
have
large
Mains
hanging
down
to
the
Ground
,
wild
Boars
,
Foxes
,
Martins
and
other
sorts
of
Game
.
The
Hares
are
much
larger
here
than
in
the
Western
Parts
of
Europe
,
and
their
Skins
carry
a
far
purer
Furr
.
The
Wolves
and
Bears
in
Altland
,
and
other
adjacent
Counties
,
run
often
in
Droves
,
viz.
30
or
40
together
,
and
do
much
Mischief
,
during
the
Winter
,
among
the
Horses
and
other
Cattle
.
There
is
no
Nation
in
the
World
where
Wheat
grows
more
plentifully
than
in
Transylvania
,
so
that
even
the
Peasants
feed
on
no
other
sort
of
Bread
,
the
Blade
of
this
Grain
being
here
usually
as
thick
as
an
ordinary
Reed
,
and
shooting
up
to
a
great
height
.
Their
Wines
are
reckon'd
much
more
noble
than
those
of
Walachia
,
the
Windich
Marquisate
,
Austria
and
Moravia
,
but
far
inferior
to
the
Rhenish
and
Hungarian
,
having
commonly
a
Tincture
of
Chalk
or
Sulphur
;
for
which
Reason
it
is
reput'd
a
mighty
promoter
of
the
Gout
and
such
like
Distempers
.
The
most
remarkable
Rivers
are
,
the
Marisk
,
the
Alt
,
the
Samos
and
the
Chrysa
:
The
2
former
of
these
spring
forth
out
of
the
Scythian
Carpethus
;
the
Alt
falls
into
the
Danube
,
but
the
Marisch
and
Samos
intermix
their
Waters
with
those
of
the
Teisse
.
The
Principality
of
Transilvania
is
Inhabited
by
three
sorts
of
People
,
that
have
different
Laws
and
Customs
,
viz.
The
Ciculi
,
or
Siculi
,
the
Saxons
and
the
Hungarians
.
Of
these
,
the
first
lay
claim
to
the
greatest
Antiquity
,
and
are
still
govern'd
by
their
old
Laws
and
Constitutions
,
being
really
a
branch
of
the
ancient
Scythians
,
who
were
driven
out
of
Pannonia
,
by
Attila
and
his
Huns
.
They
divide
themselves
into
seven
Cantons
,
every
one
of
which
is
Absolute
within
it self
:
Tho
all
of
them
are
united
with
the
Transylvanians
,
and
one
with
another
for
the
defence
of
their
Country
against
the
Common
Enemy
.
As
for
the
Saxons
(
according
to
the
Opinion
of
Toppeltine
)
they
are
the
true
Relicts
of
the
ancient
Daci
;
calling
themselves
even
at
this
day
Decen
Desen
,
or
Detschen
,
which
is
an
easie
Corruption
of
the
Daci
or
Deci
.
The
German
Writers
,
especially
those
of
the
best
Repute
,
acknowledge
the
whole
German
Nation
(
and
consequently
their
Saxons
)
to
be
the
Off-spring
of
the
ancient
Transylvanians
.
But
whence
soever
their
Original
is
deriv'd
,
they
are
certainly
near
of
Kin
to
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Lower
Saxony
,
and
use
the
same
Dialect
,
although
the
corruption
of
their
Tongue
,
by
a
mixture
with
the
Hungarian
,
renders
the
High-Dutch
more
difficult
to
be
understood
among
them
.
Those
Saxons
possess
the
Province
call'd
the
Seven
Towns
:
The
Siculi
dwell
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Marisch
;
and
the
Hungarians
retain
to
themselves
the
Frontiers
of
Walachia
;
the
two
latter
are
for
the
most
part
Calvinists
,
and
the
Saxons
almost
generally
embrace
the
Doctrine
of
Luther
,
but
none
will
allow
any
Pictures
or
Images
to
be
set
up
in
their
Churches
.
There
are
also
among
them
some
Roman
Catholicks
,
Greeks
,
Trinitarians
,
Photinians
and
Anabaptists
,
though
their
Party
is
not
so
considerable
.
However
,
these
three
distinct
Nations
are
govern'd
by
one
Sovereign
,
stiled
the
Waywood
,
or
Prince
of
Transylvania
,
whom
the
Grand
Signior
often
caus'd
to
be
Elected
and
Depos'd
at
his
pleasure
.
But
the
power
of
the
Turks
hath
of
late
been
much
diminish'd
:
The
two
Noble
Families
of
Bathori
and
Ragotski
,
have
supplied
this
Country
with
many
Princes
,
who
were
oblig'd
to
send
a
certain
Tribute
to
the
Port
,
until
Michael
Abafti
the
23d
.
Prince
from
John
Huniades
,
who
succeeded
John
Kermant
,
A.
D.
1661
,
with
the
consent
of
the
States
of
Transilvania
,
resign'd
the
whole
Country
to
the
Emperor
of
Germany
and
King
of
Hungary
for
ever
,
as
it
appears
from
the
Act
bearing
Date
at
Harmanstadt
,
May
9th
.
1688.
Whereupon
Imperial
Garisons
were
accordingly
receiv'd
into
all
the
principal
Places
.
Afterward
,
the
said
Prince
dying
in
1690
,
the
States
in
a
general
Assembly
,
resolv'd
to
adhere
to
the
Interests
of
the
Emperor
and
the
young
Prince
Son
to
the
Deceased
,
who
was
confirm'd
by
his
Imperial
Majesty
against
all
the
pretentions
of
Count
Teckely
and
the
Ottoman
Port
.
Thus
the
Principality
of
Transylvania
remains
entirely
Incorporated
with
the
Crown
of
Hungary
,
under
the
Imperial
Protection
.
Its
chief
Revenues
arise
from
the
sale
of
Salt
,
very
great
quantities
whereof
are
made
at
Tarda
,
and
convey'd
from
thence
on
the
River
Marisch
,
into
Hungary
.
HERMANSTADT
,
Hermanopolis
,
aut
Cibinium
,
call'd
ZEBEN
by
the
Inhabitants
,
the
Metropolis
of
Transylvania
,
and
the
Royal
Seat
of
the
Prince
,
stands
in
the
middle
of
a
large
Plain
,
on
the
side
of
the
Rivulet
Ciben
,
which
a
little
below
falls
into
the
Alt
,
being
distant
15
German
Miles
from
Coloswar
or
Clausenbug
to
the
East
,
and
8
from
Gula
Feiruar
,
or
Weissemburg
,
toward
the
Frontiers
of
Moldavia
;
as
also
160
from
Belgrade
to
the
Northeast
,
and
235
from
Buda
almost
to
the
East
.
It
is
a
large
and
Fair
City
,
bearing
the
title
of
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Colocza
in
Hungary
,
although
at
present
destitute
of
a
Bishop
;
neither
is
its
Strength
less
considerable
,
the
great
number
of
Fish-ponds
and
Pools
of
Water
rendring
it
inaccessible
,
besides
its
firm
Walls
and
Ramparts
.
The
Houses
within
the
Gates
are
generally
well-built
and
for
the
most
part
cover'd
with
Slate
,
which
is
esteem'd
an
extraordinary
piece
of
Magnificence
in
the
appartments
of
a
Transylvanian
Citizen
.
There
are
also
many
good
Springs
;
and
the
River-water
is
convey'd
by
small
Channels
through
every
Street
;
nevertheless
the
Air
is
thought
to
be
very
Unhealthy
and
to
cause
the
Gout
,
the
epidemical
Distemper
of
the
Burghers
,
insomuch
,
that
many
of
the
best
Houses
want
Inhabitants
.
Here
are
usually
held
the
general
Conventions
and
Courts
of
Judicature
of
the
other
six
chief
Towns
of
the
Saxons
,
all
Actions
at
Law
being
brought
thither
to
Tryal
.
The
principal
Trade
of
the
place
consists
in
Cloath
and
Mead
,
both
which
are
here
made
in
great
quantities
and
sent
into
the
neighbouring
Territories
.
The
Princes
of
Transylvania
were
wont
formerly
to
put
themselves
under
the
protection
of
the
Grand
Signior
;
but
Prince
Abafti
at
the
sollicitation
of
the
late
Duke
of
Lorraine
adher'd
to
the
Emperor's
Interest
,
and
was
prevail'd
with
to
receive
an
Imperial
Garison
of
3000
Men
into
this
City
,
A.
D.
1687.
Having
travelled
about
a
German
mile
from
Hermanstadt
,
we
meet
with
Saltzburg
,
or
Wizagna
,
that
takes
its
name
from
the
Salt-pits
,
which
(
as
it
hath
been
already
intimated
)
bring
yearly
a
very
considerable
Revenue
into
the
Prince's
Exchequer
.
Not
far
from
hence
appears
Michelberg
,
a
strong
Fortress
erected
on
the
top
of
a
Hill
,
wherein
are
laid
up
all
the
Arms
and
Military
Amunition
of
the
whole
Territory
of
Hermanstadt
:
Two
miles
from
this
place
stands
Roche-Thurn
,
or
the
Red-Tower
,
so
nam'd
from
the
colour
of
the
Free-stone
with
which
it
is
built
,
where
the
Inhabitants
are
forc'd
to
keep
a
continual
Watch
and
Ward
,
for
fear
of
some
sudden
Invasion
by
the
Turks
,
out
of
whose
Dominions
there
lyes
only
a
very
narrow
Road
this
way
into
Transylvania
.
CRONSTADT
or
BRASSAW
,
Corona
aut
Stephanopolis
and
Brassovia
,
is
pleasantly
situated
in
the
midst
of
fair
and
rich
Vineyards
,
about
65
miles
from
Hermanstadt
,
almost
to
the
North-east
,
near
the
Confines
of
Moldavia
and
the
Carpathian
Mountains
.
It
is
also
taken
by
some
Authors
for
the
Praetoria
Augusta
of
Ptolemy
.
However
it
is
a
Bishops
See
,
and
a
place
of
some
strength
,
as
being
tolerably
well
Fortified
with
Walls
and
Ramparts
of
Earth
.
The
Houses
are
high
and
well-built
,
but
generally
cover'd
with
Laths
instead
of
Slate
.
The
Citizens
are
all
Saxons
,
without
the
least
mixture
of
Hungarians
or
Walachians
;
so
that
their
peculiar
Language
is
here
spoken
in
its
greatest
Purity
.
A
good
School
hath
been
Founded
here
for
some
time
,
besides
a
Library
,
that
goes
beyond
any
throughout
the
whole
Kingdom
of
Hungary
.
The
Country
round
about
Cronstadt
,
bears
the
name
of
Burzia
,
or
Burzland
,
and
is
the
outmost
boundary
of
the
Principality
of
Transylvania
;
which
gave
occasion
to
the
Hungarian
Proverb
,
That
Burzia
says
Amen
to
the
High-Dutch
Paternoster
:
Meaning
,
that
this
Country
is
the
last
wherein
the
German
Tongue
is
understood
,
the
Sclavonian
entring
on
the
Frontiers
of
Walachia
.
Moreover
,
it
may
not
be
improper
to
observe
here
,
that
the
Road
from
Altland
and
other
parts
of
Transylvania
,
leads
directly
to
Zeidenwald
,
a
Forest
extending
for
the
space
of
three
long
Hungarian
miles
in
length
;
during
which
unpleasant
Passage
,
Travellers
are
carried
over
a
continued
Bridge
or
Causey
of
Planks
,
the
Soil
being
for
the
most
part
Marshy
and
full
of
Boggs
,
BISTRICZ
,
BESTERCZA
,
or
BESTERIZA
,
Bistricia
;
sometimes
also
call'd
NOSENSTADT
by
the
Germans
,
is
remarkable
for
its
situation
in
a
spacious
Plain
,
on
the
Banks
of
a
River
of
its
own
name
.
It
is
a
Town
of
small
extent
,
but
very
neat
,
and
of
so
good
Note
,
that
many
of
the
Hungarian
Historiographers
allow
it
the
third
place
in
the
Catalogue
of
the
Saxon
Cities
,
giving
it
the
preceedency
to
Segeswar
and
Megiez
.
The
Burghers
(
as
it
is
generally
reported
)
speak
as
good
Dutch
here
or
better
than
at
Cronstadt
.
But
the
Air
and
Water
of
the
adjacent
Country
are
both
reputed
very
Unwholsome
;
so
that
the
Inhabitants
,
especially
the
meaner
sort
,
that
drink
Water
,
are
very
apt
to
be
Deaf
,
Dumb
,
and
altogether
Unactive
,
This
Town
is
distant
about
80
miles
from
Hermanstadt
to
the
North-west
,
as
also
5
German
miles
from
Burgles
,
and
15
from
Weissemburg
to
the
North-west
.
MEGIEZ
or
MEDWESCH
is
seated
in
the
very
heart
of
Transylvania
,
on
the
Banks
of
the
same
River
with
Segeswar
,
in
a
Country
well
furnish'd
with
Wine
and
other
rich
Merchandizes
.
Indeed
it
is
not
very
large
,
yet
indifferently
well
fortify'd
with
a
deep
Ditch
and
an
old
Wall
.
But
its
greatest
S●rength
lies
in
the
Church
founded
on
the
top
of
a
Hill
,
according
to
the
usual
custom
of
the
Inhabitants
of
those
parts
,
who
built
their
Churches
Castle-wise
,
to
avoid
being
put
to
a
double
Charge
.
SCHESBURG
,
or
SEGESWAR
(
as
it
is
nam'd
by
the
Hungarians
)
Segethusa
,
extends
it self
along
the
side
of
a
Hill
and
the
Banks
of
the
River
Cochel
,
at
the
foot
of
the
Carpathian
Mountains
,
about
10
miles
from
Hermanstadt
to
the
North
,
and
14
from
Cronstadt
to
the
West
.
As
to
its
form
,
it
very
much
resembles
Buda
,
but
falls
far
short
of
that
City
in
its
largeness
and
number
of
Inhabitants
.
It
is
divided
into
2
parts
,
viz.
the
Upper
and
Lower
,
the
former
being
built
on
a
Hill
and
a
place
of
great
Strength
;
but
the
latter
is
not
well
defended
,
tho'
more
populous
by
reason
of
the
convenience
of
Water
for
the
use
of
the
Burghers
in
carrying
on
their
several
Manufactures
;
more
especially
that
of
dressing
their
Cloth
,
whereas
the
other
part
of
the
Town
is
destitute
of
any
Brook
or
Spring
.
MILLEMBACH
,
or
ZAASSEBES
according
to
the
Hungarian
denomination
,
Zabesus
aut
Sabescus
,
is
a
Town
of
much
Antiquity
,
but
otherwise
scarcely
considerable
,
lying
in
a
very
hollow
Valley
,
and
Westward
tolerably
well
secur'd
with
Bogs
and
moorish
Grounds
.
But
it
may
be
easily
attack'd
on
the
other
side
,
and
is
by
no
means
a
place
of
Strength
.
CLAUSENBURG
,
Claudiopolis
,
is
situated
on
the
Rivulet
Samos
near
the
foot
of
the
Mountains
towards
the
Borders
of
Hungary
,
at
the
distance
of
9
German
miles
from
Weissemburg
to
the
North
,
as
many
from
Bestercza
or
Bistricz
,
and
15
from
Waradin
to
the
East
.
It
is
a
large
populous
Town
,
and
the
principal
of
a
County
of
the
same
name
,
being
fortify'd
with
an
old
Castle
and
other
Bulwarks
,
so
as
to
be
capable
of
enduring
a
smart
Siege
.
It
is
also
a
place
of
great
Traffick
and
well
frequented
by
reason
that
all
the
Conventions
of
the
States
of
Transylvania
and
Provincial
Courts
of
Justice
are
held
therein
by
the
Prince
.
It
heretofore
perhaps
bore
the
name
of
Patruissa
,
but
is
at
present
call'd
Coloswar
by
the
Hungarians
.
However
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
Towns-men
are
Arians
and
Photinians
,
insomuch
that
the
other
six
Towns
(
where
Lutheranism
is
generally
profess'd
)
took
an
occasion
to
exclude
Clausenburg
out
of
the
number
of
the
seven
States
of
Trans●lvanian-Saxons
,
and
to
admit
Bross
or
Zasuaras
into
its
room
.
Moreover
,
the
Hungarians
may
be
made
free
of
this
Town
,
and
are
allow'd
to
bear
Offices
therein
;
a
Privilege
never
granted
them
in
any
other
Saxon
City
.
There
are
divers
other
small
Towns
and
Burghs
in
Transylvania
entirely
inhabited
by
the
Saxons
,
but
all
of
them
by
some
means
or
other
,
depend
on
the
seven
preceeding
.
The
chief
Towns
in
Transylvania
inhabited
by
the
Hungarians
,
Walachians
,
Siculi
,
&c.
WEISSEMBURG
,
Alba
Julia
,
call'd
by
the
Hungarians
Giula
Fejerwar
,
is
conveniently
situated
on
a
rising
Ground
,
from
whence
,
almost
2
English
miles
round
about
,
one
may
take
a
most
delightful
Prospect
of
a
champian
and
fruitful
Country
.
It
is
water'd
with
the
gentle
Streams
of
the
River
Marisch
,
and
was
in
time
past
much
larger
than
it
is
at
present
;
as
may
still
be
discern'd
from
its
old
Boundaries
without
the
Walls
,
containing
5
German
miles
in
compass
.
And
indeed
it
continu'd
for
a
long
time
the
Metropolis
of
Dacia
,
being
honour'd
with
the
royal
Palace
and
constant
Residence
of
the
Monarchs
of
that
Kingdom
.
It
was
also
formerly
a
Bishop's
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Colocza
,
but
that
Dignity
was
transferr'd
elsewhere
by
Queen
Isabel
,
the
Relict
of
John
I.
King
of
Hungary
.
In
this
City
are
often
found
many
Roman
Medals
,
Coins
and
Inscriptions
,
manifest
Signs
of
its
Antiquity
;
being
distant
34
miles
from
Hermanstadt
to
the
West
,
68
from
Temeswar
to
the
North-east
,
90
from
Waradin
to
the
East
,
and
196
from
Buda
.
THORDA
is
suppos'd
to
stand
in
or
near
the
same
place
with
the
Salinae
of
Ptolemy
,
which
Town
took
its
name
from
the
great
number
of
Salt-pits
in
the
adjacent
Territory
.
DEVA
,
a
Town
chiefly
noted
for
affording
a
sort
of
excellent
Wine
and
guarding
the
Passage
through
the
Eysenthor
,
into
the
Turkish
Dominions
.
It
was
taken
after
a
small
Resistance
by
Michael
Abafti
late
Prince
of
Transylvania
,
during
the
Wars
maintain'd
by
him
against
his
Competitor
Kemeni
Janos
,
A.
D.
1662.
ENGUEDINE
,
call'd
Annium
by
the
Romans
,
from
a
Causey
leading
towards
it
,
which
one
Annius
a
Captain
of
one
of
their
Cohorts
had
caus'd
to
be
rais'd
.
Some
Fragments
of
this
ancient
military
way
are
as
yet
to
be
seen
,
besides
other
Monuments
of
Antiquity
often
found
in
and
about
this
Town
.
NEWMARK
,
Nova
Marchia
,
or
WASERHELY
according
to
the
Hungarian
denomination
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Marisch
at
the
foot
of
the
Carpathian
Mountains
,
36
miles
from
Clausemburg
or
Coloswar
to
the
North-east
.
In
this
Town
the
general
Assemblies
of
the
Siculi
,
are
usually
conven'd
at
certain
appointed
times
.
AGNABAT
or
AGNETLIN
,
is
one
of
the
chief
Towns
of
Transylvania
,
tho'
of
little
Strength
,
and
water'd
by
the
River
Herbach
,
25
miles
from
Hermanstadt
almost
to
the
North
.
Queen
Isabel
assembled
a
Diet
there
for
the
preservation
of
her
Son
,
but
Marvinsius
caus'd
it
to
be
dissolv'd
,
and
levy'd
War
against
his
Sovereign
Prince
,
the
end
of
which
prov'd
fatal
to
both
.
MOLDAVIA
.
MOLDAVIA
,
Moldavia
,
so
call'd
from
the
River
Moldaw
,
hath
Podolia
and
the
Niester
for
its
Northern
Bounds
,
Transylvania
and
Valachia
on
the
West
,
the
Danube
and
the
Sereth
on
the
South
,
and
the
same
River
Danube
,
together
with
the
Province
of
Bessabaria
on
the
East
.
Its
utmost
Extent
from
North
to
South
consists
of
about
60
leagues
,
and
80
from
East
to
West
.
The
Air
is
very
healthful
,
and
the
Country
extreamly
fertil
,
affording
the
fairest
and
best
Horses
throughout
the
whole
Continent
of
Europe
.
It
is
variously
beset
with
Plains
,
Mountains
,
Valleys
and
Rivers
,
the
chief
whereof
are
the
Moldaw
,
the
Pruth
,
the
Sereth
or
Missovo
,
which
intermixeth
its
Waters
with
those
of
Bardalach
,
and
at
length
dischargeth
them
,
as
likewise
doth
the
Pruth
,
into
the
Channel
of
the
Danube
.
This
Province
is
govern'd
by
a
Waywood
,
who
is
Tributary
to
the
Grand
Seignior
,
and
enjoys
a
yearly
Revenue
of
about
two
hundred
thousand
Crowns
,
arising
only
from
the
Tithes
of
Hony
and
Wax
.
Among
20
Waywoods
that
have
presided
in
these
Territories
,
scarcely
two
of
them
have
succeeded
their
Fathers
.
The
Sultan
invests
with
this
Dignity
,
him
that
engageth
to
pay
the
largest
Tribute
,
which
usually
amounts
to
the
Sum
of
180000
Livres
.
The
Moldavians
adhere
to
the
Rites
and
Ceremonies
of
the
Greek
Church
as
well
as
the
Valachians
,
and
are
divided
into
many
different
Sects
.
In
the
year
,
1686.
the
Polanders
over-ran
the
whole
Country
,
and
took
the
principal
Towns
,
insomuch
,
that
the
Inhabitants
relinquish'd
the
Interest
of
the
Ottoman
Port
,
and
voluntarily
put
themselves
under
the
protection
of
the
Emperor
of
Germany
in
1688.
ZOCKZOW
or
CZUKAW
,
Soczova
aut
Sucidava
,
is
a
large
and
strong
City
,
being
the
Capital
of
the
Principality
,
and
the
ordinary
Seat
of
the
Prince
or
Vaywood
,
who
assumes
the
Title
of
Lord
of
Moldavia
.
It
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Sereth
,
54
miles
from
Cronstadt
to
the
North-east
,
and
74
from
Caminieck
almost
to
the
South
.
TASSY
or
TAZY
,
a
great
and
populous
Town
on
the
River
Pruth
,
about
60
miles
distant
from
Zockzow
to
the
East
.
The
Polanders
took
it
A.
D.
1686.
and
abandon'd
it
soon
after
,
so
that
it
s
now
subject
to
its
own
Princes
,
under
the
Emperor's
protection
.
WALACHIA
.
VALACHIA
,
Valachia
,
aut
Dacia
Alpestris
,
is
bounded
on
the
North
by
Moldavia
,
on
the
South
and
East
by
the
River
Danube
,
and
on
the
West
by
Transylvania
,
extending
it self
in
form
of
a
Triangle
for
the
space
of
about
52
leagues
from
North
to
South
,
and
90
from
East
to
West
.
The
Air
is
temperate
,
and
the
Soil
brings
forth
Corn
,
Grapes
and
other
Fruits
in
great
abundance
.
In
the
Pastures
are
bred
Horses
of
an
excellent
kind
,
Oxen
and
numerous
Flocks
of
Sheep
;
insomuch
,
that
a
very
considerable
Traffick
for
Leather
is
here
maintain'd
with
the
Polanders
and
Muscovites
.
But
this
Principality
hath
been
always
more
especially
famous
for
Horses
,
insomuch
that
the
Waywood
hath
sometimes
maintain'd
3000
Horse-guards
;
and
,
at
a
short
Warning
hath
been
able
to
bring
an
Army
of
6000
Horse-men
into
the
Field
.
But
the
Forests
in
like
manner
afford
much
variety
of
Game
,
besides
Mines
of
divers
sorts
of
Metals
.
The
principal
Rivers
are
the
Aluta
or
Olt
,
the
Tel●sch
,
the
Jalonicza
and
the
Missovio
,
which
run
almost
in
a
parallel
course
and
fall
into
the
Danube
.
This
Province
hath
a
Waywood
for
its
Governour
,
who
is
elected
or
approved
by
the
Grand
Seignior
:
He
is
sometimes
styled
Hospodar
,
that
is
to
say
,
Chief
General
of
the
Militia
,
and
pays
every
year
to
the
Turks
a
Tribute
of
70000
Ducats
,
altho'
he
is
sometimes
oblig'd
to
disburse
100000.
to
maintain
himself
in
his
Principality
.
The
Valachians
observe
the
Rites
of
the
Greek
Church
,
and
acknowledge
the
Patriarch
of
Constantinople
as
their
Metropolitan
.
The
Inhabitants
fancy
themselves
to
be
the
true
Offspring
of
the
Romans
;
and
their
Assertion
seems
to
be
confirm'd
by
the
Idiom
of
their
Language
▪
which
in
many
Words
and
Phrases
comes
nearer
the
ancient
Latin
than
the
modern
Italian
,
altho'
of
late
it
hath
been
much
corrupted
with
Russian
,
Dalmatian
,
Croatian
and
Turkish
Expressions
.
As
for
the
Government
of
the
Country
,
its
own
Princes
or
Waywoods
have
always
exercis'd
the
Soveraign
Authority
,
who
as
long
as
the
Kingdom
of
Hungary
continu'd
in
a
prosperous
State
,
were
wont
to
put
themselves
under
the
protection
of
that
Monarch
.
In
the
year
,
1391.
the
Turks
first
invaded
Walachia
,
and
at
length
in
1415.
compell'd
the
People
,
that
had
gallantly
defended
themselves
in
several
Rencounters
,
to
submit
to
the
Ottoman
Yoke
,
which
the
Waywood
attempted
to
throw
off
about
10
years
after
;
but
being
soon
reduc'd
to
extremity
,
was
again
oblig'd
to
swear
Allegiance
to
the
Grand
Seignior
,
and
to
promise
to
assist
the
Turkish
Forces
in
all
their
Expeditions
against
the
Christians
.
Walachia
continu'd
in
the
same
state
till
the
year
,
1595.
when
Sigismund
Bathar
Prince
of
Transylvania
secur'd
both
this
Principality
and
his
own
from
their
accustomed
Bondage
;
however
,
the
Inhabitants
were
not
long
able
to
maintain
their
Liberty
,
and
therefore
have
ever
since
contentedly
paid
their
Homage
,
without
attempting
another
Revolt
.
TERGOWISCH
or
TERWISCH
▪
TARVIS
,
Tergovistus
,
Triphulum
,
Tiriscum
aut
Taros
,
the
capital
City
of
Valachia
,
wherein
the
Waywood
usually
keeps
his
Court
,
is
seated
on
the
River
Launiza
amidst
the
Marshes
,
towards
the
Confines
of
that
part
of
Bulgaria
which
lies
beyond
the
Danube
,
and
was
heretofore
subject
,
together
with
the
adjacent
Territories
,
to
the
Dominion
of
the
Kings
of
Hungary
,
being
distant
60
miles
from
Nicopolis
or
Nigeboli
to
the
North
,
somewhat
more
from
Brassaw
or
Cronstadt
,
a
Town
of
Transylvania
,
94
from
Hermanstadt
to
the
South-east
,
140
from
Jassy
to
the
Southwest
,
and
200
from
Belgrade
to
the
East
.
BRASCOW
,
BRACSLOW
or
BRASGOW
,
is
a
considerable
City
toward
the
Northern-part
of
Valachia
,
being
dignified
with
an
Episcopal
See
,
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Colocza
,
and
distant
47
miles
from
Targovisch
to
the
North
.
The
State
of
the
Republick
of
RAGUSA
,
Ragusina
Ditio
,
is
situated
in
Dalmatia
,
on
the
Coasts
of
the
Adriatick
Sea
or
Gulph
of
Venice
,
and
extended
in
its
greatest
length
from
North-west
to
South-east
for
the
space
of
100
miles
,
but
its
breadth
scarcely
includes
25.
This
Country
is
not
very
considerable
,
as
comprehending
within
its
Jurisdiction
only
the
City
of
the
same
name
,
the
Town
of
Stagno
,
and
two
or
three
Burghs
,
together
with
the
Peninsula
of
Hyllis
or
Sabioncello
about
30
miles
in
compass
,
the
Island
of
Melita
or
Melada
,
and
some
others
.
The
Town
of
Stagno
and
Peninsula
of
Sabioncello
,
were
granted
to
the
Ragusians
by
Stephen
King
of
Bosnia
,
A.
D.
1333.
as
we
are
informed
by
Joannes
Lucius
a
learned
Writer
.
RAGUSA
or
RAGUSI
,
Ragusium
,
named
also
Dubrounich
by
the
Sclavonians
,
the
Metropolis
of
the
Republick
and
the
See
of
an
Archbishop
,
is
well
built
,
and
enclosed
on
one
side
with
a
steep
Rock
;
on
the
other
it
is
advanced
on
a
small
point
of
Land
into
the
Adriatick
Sea
.
Some
Authors
believe
it
to
be
the
Epidaurus
of
the
Ancients
;
but
others
affirm
,
with
greater
probability
,
That
it
was
founded
by
the
Epidaurians
after
the
destruction
of
their
City
,
the
Ruins
whereof
are
yet
to
be
seen
at
the
distance
of
6
miles
from
thence
to
the
East
,
and
commonly
called
Ragusi
Vacchio
or
old
Ragusa
.
However
,
the
City
of
Ragusa
is
at
present
very
populous
,
and
one
of
the
chiefest
Marts
of
Dalmatia
,
altho'
extended
only
one
mile
in
compass
.
It
is
well
fortified
with
a
strong
Castle
and
other
Bulwarks
,
and
environ'd
with
large
Suburbs
.
It
hath
also
a
safe
Harbour
near
the
Island
of
Lacroma
,
about
half
a
mile
from
the
Town
,
and
another
very
capacious
bearing
the
name
of
Santa
Croce
,
not
far
from
thence
to
the
East
.
The
Government
of
this
Republick
is
almost
like
to
that
of
Venice
,
and
the
Inhabitants
are
so
tenacious
of
their
Liberty
,
that
they
change
their
Doge
,
or
supream
Magistrate
,
every
Month
,
and
enjoyn
the
military
Officers
to
maintain
their
Post
only
six
Weeks
.
On
which
account
the
Gentlemen
are
not
permitted
to
wear
a
Sword
,
nor
to
live
out
of
their
Houses
,
without
giving
notice
thereof
to
the
Senate
.
Moreover
Strangers
,
and
chiefly
the
Turks
,
are
lockt
up
at
night
,
within
their
several
Apartments
.
Neither
are
the
Gates
of
the
City
ever
open
,
but
for
three
or
four
hours
by
day
in
Summer-time
,
and
not
above
an
hour
and
half
in
Winter
.
The
Senate
is
composed
of
60
Senators
,
who
cannot
transact
any
Affair
,
unless
40
of
them
at
least
are
present
in
Council
.
Actions
or
Suits
at
Law
at
their
first
Commencement
are
usually
brought
before
six
Members
of
the
Senate
,
from
whom
there
is
an
Appeal
to
the
College
of
30.
who
are
no
Senators
;
but
if
the
Decree
be
for
Sums
exceeding
500
Crowns
,
the
Appeals
are
finally
determin'd
by
the
Senate
.
As
for
Criminal
Matters
,
they
are
judg'd
by
a
Magistrate
or
Officer
,
from
whom
lies
an
Appeal
to
a
Court
consisting
of
six
Senators
;
so
that
in
case
a
Sentence
or
Decree
be
confirm'd
there
,
the
Trial
is
terminated
;
but
if
it
happen
otherwise
,
the
Cause
falls
under
the
proper
cognizance
of
the
Senate
.
Lastly
,
Political
Affairs
of
lesser
moment
are
decided
by
the
Governor
,
together
with
six
Assessors
of
the
Senate
;
and
these
6
Senators
execute
the
Office
only
for
a
year
.
The
Judicial
Proceedings
of
this
Republick
are
drawn
up
in
Latin
,
but
the
Lawyers
plead
in
Italian
,
or
the
vulgar
Language
of
the
Country
.
The
State
causeth
12500
Hungars
to
be
paid
yearly
to
the
Grand
Seignior
,
on
condition
,
That
the
Citizens
may
be
exempted
from
all
manner
of
Taxes
and
Imposts
whatsoever
throughout
the
whole
Turkish
Empire
,
wherein
they
have
likewise
ten
Colonies
,
viz.
in
Servia
,
Bulgaria
and
Thrace
,
and
enjoy
the
free
exercise
of
the
Roman
Catholick
Religion
.
Besides
the
said
Tribute
,
which
the
Ragusians
are
constrain'd
through
fear
to
render
to
the
Turks
,
they
are
oblig'd
to
allow
a
certain
Revenue
or
Stipend
to
the
Venetians
,
the
Pope
,
Emperor
and
King
of
Spain
,
by
vertue
of
a
mutual
Stipulation
or
Compact
ratified
between
these
States
.
Ragusa
is
very
obnoxious
to
violent
Earthquakes
,
and
hath
often
suffer'd
much
damage
thereby
,
more
especially
in
the
years
1614
and
1667.
when
the
greater
part
of
the
City
was
overthrown
;
but
it
hath
been
since
well
rebuilt
,
and
its
Grandeur
daily
encreaseth
.
STAGNO
,
Stagnum
,
is
a
small
City
of
Dalmatia
,
yet
dignified
with
a
Bishop's
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Ragusa
,
from
whence
it
is
distant
30
miles
to
the
North
,
being
situated
on
the
Coasts
of
the
Adriatick
Sea
or
Gulph
of
Venice
,
where
it
hath
a
commodious
and
safe
Harbour
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
The
Allies
of
the
TURKS
,
or
Inhabitants
of
the
LESSER
TARTARY
.
THE
LESSER
TARTARY
,
Tartaria
Minor
,
aut
Precopensis
,
so
call'd
to
distinguish
it
from
the
Greater
in
Asia
,
is
the
ancient
Lesser
Scythia
,
being
bounded
on
the
North
by
the
River
Doniec
or
Lesser
Don
,
which
separates
it
from
Moscovy
;
on
the
South
by
the
Tanais
or
greater
Don
,
the
Sea
of
Zabach
and
the
Euxine
or
Black
Sea
,
on
the
West
by
the
Nieper
and
Mountains
that
divide
it
from
Poland
.
It
is
extended
,
in
comprehending
the
Peninsula
of
Crimski
,
from
the
46
deg
.
20
min.
to
the
53
deg
.
30
min.
of
Latitude
,
for
the
space
of
145
leagues
,
and
about
202
from
South-west
to
North-east
,
from
the
59th
deg
.
to
the
75th
deg
.
of
Longitude
.
The
name
of
Tartaria
Precopensis
or
Precopian
Tartary
,
is
taken
from
a
Ditch
dug
in
the
Isthmus
or
neck
of
Land
about
half
a
league
or
1200
paces
wide
,
for
its
greater
Strength
and
Security
.
The
Air
of
this
Country
is
temperate
,
but
not
very
healthful
,
neither
is
the
Soil
every
where
alike
;
for
in
some
places
it
brings
forth
Corn
,
Millet
,
Grapes
,
and
several
sorts
of
Fruits
;
in
others
appear
only
Marshes
and
Pastures
,
wherein
are
fed
many
Herds
of
Cattel
.
In
fine
,
some
Grounds
are
altogether
sandy
.
But
Timber
is
generally
scarce
throughout
these
Territories
,
excepting
in
the
Peninsula
,
where
are
found
spacious
Forests
full
of
Deer
,
and
affording
all
sorts
of
Game
.
The
Mountains
yield
Mines
of
Gold
,
Silver
and
Iron
;
and
the
Rivers
abound
in
delicate
Fishes
,
altho'
the
Water
is
bitter
and
very
unwholsom
to
drink
.
The
most
considerable
of
these
Rivers
are
the
Nieper
or
Borysthenes
,
the
greater
and
lesser
Don
,
&c.
The
Inhabitants
are
robust
and
indefatigable
,
so
that
their
Courage
cannot
be
abated
through
the
extremity
of
Labour
,
Hunger
,
Thirst
,
Heat
or
Cold
.
They
are
very
just
in
dealing
one
with
another
,
but
shew
little
or
no
courtesie
to
strangers
▪
being
much
addicted
to
Robbing
and
Pillaging
;
Jealousie
and
Lasciviousness
often
exciting
them
to
commit
enormous
Outrages
.
These
Barbarians
commonly
feed
on
the
Flesh
of
Horses
half
sodden
,
which
is
sometimes
cut
by
them
into
Collops
,
and
laid
under
their
Saddles
;
then
they
cause
their
Nags
to
run
on
full
speed
,
until
the
Sweat
exhales
all
over
their
Bodies
.
Afterward
having
left
the
raw
Flesh
covered
with
Foam
for
some
time
,
they
take
it
out
and
greedily
devour
it
.
Moreover
they
delight
very
much
in
drinking
the
Blood
of
their
Horses
,
and
the
Milk
of
their
Cattel
.
The
most
part
of
those
Tartars
embrace
the
Mahometan
Doctrine
,
altho'
there
are
also
among
them
many
Roman
Catholicks
,
Greeks
and
Armenians
.
Almost
all
the
Roman
Catholicks
derive
their
Original
from
the
Italians
,
and
enjoy
the
free
exercise
of
their
Religion
.
This
Country
is
govern'd
by
a
Prince
styl'd
the
Cham
of
Tartary
,
under
the
protection
of
the
Emperor
of
the
Turks
;
of
whom
he
receives
a
Standard
as
a
mark
of
his
Soveraignty
.
The
Grand
Signior
detains
as
an
Hostage
,
the
person
that
ought
to
succeed
him
,
who
is
usually
his
Son
or
Brother
.
Moreover
the
Sultan
himself
possesseth
part
of
Crimski
,
and
even
maintains
a
Beglierbeg
in
the
Town
of
CAFFA
,
a
strong
Hold
of
this
Peninsula
.
He
is
also
Master
of
the
Town
of
AZOPHOU-TANA
situated
in
an
Island
made
by
the
River
Don
near
its
mouth
,
and
of
that
of
THAMAN
in
Asia
,
on
the
Streights
of
Caffa
.
These
two
last
are
places
of
very
great
importance
,
and
each
of
them
affords
a
seat
to
a
Sangiack
depending
on
the
Beglierbeg
of
Caffa
.
CRIM
or
KRIM
,
Crimcea
,
which
hath
imparted
its
name
to
the
Peninsula
,
wherein
it
is
situated
,
at
the
distance
of
25
miles
from
Caffa
to
the
East
,
is
the
principal
Town
of
the
lesser
Tartary
,
and
the
usual
Seat
of
the
Great
Cham
,
who
sometimes
resides
at
BACCA-SARAIO
,
Baccasara
which
stands
on
the
Banks
of
the
River
Kabarta
,
in
the
midst
of
Crimski
,
and
is
distant
55
miles
from
Caffa
to
the
North-West
toward
Perecop
.
The
Peninsula
of
Crimski
,
heretofore
call'd
Chersonesus
Taurica
,
is
more
frequently
inhabited
,
better
cultivated
,
and
contains
a
greater
number
of
Towns
than
the
lesser
Tartary
that
lies
to
the
North
,
and
is
almost
desert
;
since
the
Nogaiski
Tartars
only
dwell
therein
under
Tents
or
Hutts
,
which
they
fix
in
the
most
convenient
places
.
CHAP.
IX
.
The
Islands
depending
on
TURKY
.
THE
Island
of
NEGROPONT
,
heretofore
call'd
Eubaea
,
and
now
Egripos
by
the
Grecians
,
is
suppos'd
to
have
been
joyn'd
at
first
to
the
Continent
of
Achaia
,
by
an
Isthmus
or
neck
of
Land
,
which
was
broken
by
the
violence
of
the
Tides
,
or
according
to
the
Opinion
of
others
by
an
Earthquake
.
It
is
situated
between
the
38
deg
.
and
the
39
deg
.
30
min.
of
Latitude
,
as
also
between
the
49th
deg
.
and
the
52
of
Longitude
,
its
extent
from
South-East
to
North-West
,
consisting
of
about
44
Leagues
,
its
length
of
10
or
12
,
and
its
compass
of
120.
The
whole
Island
is
extremely
fruitful
in
Corn
and
Grapes
,
but
very
much
subject
to
Earth-quakes
;
being
also
well
furnished
with
all
manner
of
Provisions
at
extraordinary
low
rates
;
for
Mutton
is
scarcely
worth
One
Penny
a
Pound
,
the
like
quantities
of
Kids
,
and
Goats-Flesh
yielding
not
above
a
Half-penny
;
one
may
also
buy
Fish
for
One
Farthing
a
pound
,
and
Wine
for
Two-pence
the
Crondiry
,
i
.
e
.
about
an
English
Wine-Gallon
.
Moreover
Sweet-Meats
are
here
made
of
divers
sorts
of
Fruits
;
viz.
Quinces
,
Pears
,
Plums
,
Nuts
,
Walnuts
,
Almonds
,
&c.
but
those
Confectioners
instead
of
Sugar
use
Wine
boyl'd
to
a
Syrup
,
that
renders
them
grateful
enough
to
the
taste
.
The
Mountain
of
Caristo
is
famous
for
its
excellent
Marble
and
the
Stone
Amianthos
or
Asbestos
,
whereas
the
ancient
Natives
made
a
kind
of
incombustible
Cloath
that
was
cleans'd
by
burning
it
in
the
Fire
.
The
Modern
Inhabitants
,
who
observ'd
the
Customs
of
the
other
Grecians
at
first
,
partly
adhere
to
the
Rites
of
the
Greek
Church
,
and
partly
to
those
of
the
Roman
Catholicks
;
but
since
the
Turks
took
possession
of
these
Coasts
,
the
Greeks
are
only
admitted
among
the
Infidels
,
paying
a
certain
Tribute
for
the
Exercise
of
their
Religion
.
As
for
the
Government
of
this
Island
,
the
Eastern
Emperors
kept
it
in
their
possession
for
a
long
time
,
and
afterward
Duke
Rabanius
Carcerius
resign'd
it
to
the
State
of
Venice
,
who
constituted
Pietro
Zanco
its
first
Governour
.
But
it
was
taken
by
the
Turks
,
under
the
Conduct
of
their
Emperor
Mahomet
II
.
who
made
his
attacks
with
a
Fleet
of
300
Sail
,
and
an
Army
of
120000
Men
,
insomuch
that
the
besieged
were
at
last
forc'd
to
surrender
after
a
gallant
defence
.
Whereupon
the
insulting
Tyrant
caus'd
the
unfortunate
Proveditor
of
the
Family
of
Erizzo
,
to
be
most
cruelly
put
to
Death
by
sawing
his
Body
asunder
,
and
cut
off
the
Head
of
the
Lady
Ann
,
the
Beautiful
Daughter
of
the
same
Governour
,
with
his
own
Hands
,
because
she
had
generously
disdain'd
his
foul
Embraces
;
so
that
her
Memory
is
still
sacred
among
the
Venetians
,
and
deservedly
enrolled
in
the
Kalendar
of
Martyrs
.
NEGROPONT
or
EGRIPOS
,
the
Capital
City
of
the
Island
of
the
same
name
,
was
sometimes
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Athens
,
and
afterward
erected
into
an
Arch-Bishopricks
being
built
on
,
or
hard
by
the
place
where
Cholcis
formerly
stood
;
that
is
to
say
,
on
a
Peninsula
of
the
same
Isle
,
anciently
call'd
Eubaea
;
where
it
is
separated
from
Boeotia
by
the
narrow
streight
of
Euripus
,
remarkable
for
the
various
and
uncertain
changes
of
its
Tides
,
and
on
that
account
justly
admir'd
in
all
Ages
as
one
of
the
great
wonders
of
the
World
;
for
these
Tides
are
one
while
regular
and
at
another
time
altogether
irregular
,
according
to
the
different
course
of
the
Moon
:
On
the
days
it
is
irregular
,
it
ebbs
and
flows
11
,
12
,
13
and
even
14
times
within
the
space
of
24
or
25
hours
;
but
on
those
days
that
it
is
regular
it
observes
the
same
Rules
according
to
the
Moon
,
with
the
Ocean
and
Venetian
Gulph
.
Over
this
famous
Arm
of
the
Sea
is
erected
a
small
Stone
Bridge
of
four
or
five
Arches
,
leading
to
a
Tower
,
built
by
the
Venetians
,
in
the
midst
of
the
Channel
,
whereto
is
joyn'd
a
Draw-Bridge
no
larger
than
to
let
a
Gally
pass
through
.
The
Walls
reach
about
two
miles
in
compass
,
but
in
the
Suburbs
of
the
Christians
beyond
them
,
are
contain'd
more
Building
and
People
than
in
the
City
which
is
inhabited
only
by
Turks
and
Jews
.
The
Turks
have
two
Mosques
within
,
and
two
without
,
one
of
which
was
formerly
the
Cathedral
dedicated
to
St.
Mark
:
The
Christians
have
in
like
manner
some
Churches
in
the
Suburbs
;
from
whence
the
City
it
felf
is
sever'd
by
a
deep
Ditch
,
and
the
Inhabitants
of
both
may
probably
amount
to
fourteen
or
fifteen
thousand
Persons
.
This
is
the
chief
Seat
of
the
Captain
Bassa
,
or
Admiral
of
the
Turkish
Navy
,
who
is
Governour
of
the
Island
and
City
of
Negropont
,
as
also
of
Achaia
,
and
other
adjacent
parts
of
Greece
,
having
a
Keiah
or
Deputy
under
him
.
His
Palace
stands
on
the
Sea-Coasts
without
the
Town
,
bearing
North-East
of
the
Bridge
,
and
is
fortifi'd
only
by
the
Galleys
fasten'd
to
the
Shore
about
it
,
altho'
he
hath
another
Palace
in
the
Town
,
where
the
Proveditor
of
the
Venetians
kept
his
Court
,
whilst
the
Island
remain'd
in
their
possession
.
A
considerable
Fleet
of
Galleys
constantly
Rides
in
the
Harbour
,
which
is
very
safe
and
capacious
,
to
be
ready
on
all
occasions
to
go
out
against
the
Pirates
,
and
those
of
Malta
.
The
City
of
Negropont
is
distant
16
miles
from
Thebes
to
the
East
,
near
the
ruin'd
Town
and
Port
of
Aulis
,
45
from
Athens
to
the
North
,
130
from
Larissa
to
the
South-East
,
and
380
from
Constantinople
to
the
South-West
.
In
1688.
the
Venetians
laid
a
formal
Siege
to
Negropont
,
with
an
Army
of
24000
Men
and
storm'd
it
twice
,
but
were
oblig'd
to
retreat
without
success
.
TASSO
,
Thasso
aut
Thalassia
,
an
Island
of
the
Archipelago
,
lies
only
at
the
distance
of
one
League
from
the
Continent
of
Romania
,
and
is
extended
seven
or
eight
in
compass
.
The
Ground
is
uneven
,
being
partly
plain
and
partly
rising
up
to
Hills
of
a
great
height
:
In
the
Mountains
of
the
Southern
side
are
found
Quarries
of
good
Marble
,
and
some
Vineyards
bearing
excellent
Grapes
.
There
are
also
abundance
of
Pine
and
Firr-Trees
,
and
certain
heaps
of
the
refuse
of
Metal
remaining
as
the
evident
marks
of
those
rich
Mines
that
formerly
yielded
to
King
Philip
of
Macedon
,
and
his
Son
Alexander
the
Great
,
80
Talents
every
year
.
The
Town
was
first
founded
by
a
Colony
of
Phaenicians
,
and
is
at
present
well
inhabited
,
altho'
it
hath
lost
much
of
its
ancient
splendor
.
Before
their
arrival
it
was
call'd
Chryse
,
from
its
Gold
,
and
Thas
in
the
Phoenician
Tongue
signifies
A
thin
Plate
of
Gold
,
from
whence
the
whole
Island
took
its
name
.
NAXIA
,
Naxos
,
one
of
the
Islands
call'd
Cyclades
,
heretofore
afforded
a
Royal
Seat
to
the
Dukes
that
commanded
in
those
parts
,
and
is
yet
esteem'd
the
fairest
in
the
Archipelago
.
It
contains
about
84
miles
in
Circuit
,
and
yields
good
store
of
Marble
,
together
with
generous
Wines
;
on
which
account
the
Ancients
Consecrated
it
to
Bacchus
,
who
there
entertain'd
Ariadne
,
when
forsaken
by
Theseus
.
Here
are
to
be
seen
the
Ruins
of
a
Temple
dedicated
to
the
same
Bacchus
,
which
stood
on
a
Rock
encompassed
with
the
Sea
,
and
was
joyned
to
the
Island
by
a
Draw-Bridge
;
besides
two
other
of
Apollo
,
one
whereof
bears
the
name
of
St.
Salvador
.
The
Inhabitants
who
are
about
5000
in
number
,
partly
adhere
to
the
profession
of
the
Greek
Church
,
and
partly
to
that
of
the
Latin
,
but
most
of
those
of
the
chief
Town
on
the
North-West
side
of
the
Island
are
Roman
Catholicks
:
They
are
obliged
to
pay
a
Tribute
of
6000.
Piasters
to
the
Grand
Seignior
ever
since
they
were
subdued
by
the
Turks
,
unde
Solyman
the
Magnificent
,
A.
D.
1537.
SIFANO
,
Siphanos
aut
Siphnos
,
is
an
Island
of
the
Archipelago
situated
toward
the
Coasts
of
Europe
:
It
was
anciently
famous
for
its
Gold
and
Silver
Mines
,
the
Tithe
whereof
was
sent
to
the
Temple
of
Apollo
at
Delphos
.
Its
principal
Town
is
named
Schinusa
,
and
stands
on
a
high
Hill
:
The
Inhabitants
are
divided
in
matter
of
Religion
,
some
of
them
being
of
the
Romish
persuasion
,
and
others
following
the
Discipline
of
the
Eastern
or
Greek
Church
.
They
give
it
out
that
they
still
have
a
Mine
of
Gold
in
the
Island
,
but
that
they
conceal
it
for
fear
of
the
Turks
.
The
Island
of
CANDIA
,
Creta
,
lies
between
the
34
deg
.
and
the
35
of
Latitude
,
each
space
contains
20
Leagues
;
as
also
between
the
50
deg
.
and
the
55
of
Longitude
,
including
68
Leagues
;
and
its
compass
consists
of
about
140.
It
is
distant
570
miles
from
Sicily
to
the
East
,
360
from
Cyprus
,
69
from
Cape
Maleo
a
Promontory
of
the
Morea
,
and
140
from
the
nearest
Coasts
of
Cyrene
or
Cairoan
,
a
Town
of
Africa
to
the
North
,
being
very
Mountainous
,
more
especially
on
the
Eastern
side
,
where
its
breadth
is
more
contracted
.
The
Air
is
very
healthful
and
temperate
,
but
the
Southern
Winds
are
sometimes
incommodious
on
the
Coasts
that
are
exposed
to
their
Fury
.
The
Soil
is
extremely
fertile
in
Grain
,
Grapes
,
and
divers
other
sorts
of
Fruits
,
affording
also
very
good
Pastures
,
insomuch
that
Corn
might
be
reap'd
twice
every
year
,
if
the
Inhabitants
were
not
so
sloathful
,
who
are
also
gluttonous
,
rude
,
and
addicted
to
many
Vices
.
The
Corn
,
Wine
,
and
Oyl
,
are
more
especially
excellent
,
besides
Citrons
of
a
prodigious
largeness
:
Moreover
Orange
,
Pomegranate
,
Cypress
,
and
Myrtle
Trees
grow
every
where
in
great
abundance
;
but
no
Stags
,
Wolves
,
Foxes
,
Wild-Boars
,
Hedge-Hogs
,
nor
any
Venomous
Creatures
are
bred
here
,
excepting
a
kind
of
Spider
termed
Phalangium
,
the
Sting
whereof
is
mortal
.
Neither
are
the
Meadows
water'd
with
any
Navigable
River
,
but
only
with
large
Brooks
,
particularly
the
Armino
and
Istonia
;
along
the
Banks
of
this
last
Rivulet
grows
the
Tree
Leandro
,
the
Wood
whereof
and
Leaves
are
Poisonous
,
and
render
the
Waters
very
noxious
during
the
Summer
.
The
most
remarkable
Mountain
is
Psiloriti
or
Mount
Ida
,
which
was
heretofore
noted
for
the
Corybantes
or
Idaei-Dactyli
,
the
Priests
of
Cybele
,
that
took
care
to
nourish
Jupiter
in
his
Infancy
,
and
continually
beat
their
Kettle-Drums
,
lest
Saturn
,
who
had
made
an
agreement
with
his
Brother
Titan
to
destroy
all
his
Male
Off-spring
,
should
happen
to
hear
the
Child
cry
.
Near
the
head
of
the
Brook
Lene
to
the
North
,
of
the
same
Mount
Ida
,
is
a
Grotto
,
wrought
in
a
Rock
,
supposed
to
be
the
Labyrinth
of
King
Minos
,
made
according
to
Daedalus's
directions
.
The
Inhabitants
of
this
Island
were
the
first
that
rendred
themselves
formidable
at
Sea
by
Navigation
,
and
on
Land
by
the
use
of
Arrows
.
Moreover
,
besides
their
Experience
in
Maritim
Affairs
,
they
invented
Musick
,
and
were
the
first
People
that
recorded
their
Laws
:
Nevertheless
they
were
always
reputed
Grand
Lyers
,
Debauchees
and
Prirates
.
The
Lacedaemonians
subdued
Crete
or
Candia
,
in
the
name
of
Darius
King
of
Persia
,
A.
U
.
422.
and
L.
Caelius
Metellus
,
the
Roman
Consul
made
himself
Master
of
it
in
686.
Afterward
this
noble
Island
became
subject
to
the
Emperors
of
Rome
,
and
those
of
Constantinople
,
until
A.
C.
823.
when
the
Saracens
surpris'd
it
,
and
built
the
T●wn
of
Candia
,
which
in
process
of
time
gave
its
name
to
the
whole
Island
.
However
Nicephocas
Phocas
r●●ook
it
in
962
,
and
at
last
Boniface
Marquess
of
Montferrat
,
who
had
received
it
from
B●l●●oin
Earl
of
Flanders
,
sold
it
to
the
State
of
Venice
for
a
vast
sum
of
Money
,
A.
D.
1194.
The
Venetians
caus'd
it
to
be
well
fortify'd
in
some
places
,
to
curb
the
insolence
of
the
Natives
that
were
very
apt
to
rebel
,
and
in
1364.
had
actually
formed
a
design
to
introduce
the
Genoeses
,
yet
were
prevented
by
the
sagacious
Politicks
of
the
Republick
:
However
the
Turks
under
colour
of
besieging
Malta
in
1645.
to
be
reveng'd
for
the
great
Prize
taken
the
preceeding
year
by
the
Knights
commanded
by
B●is-Baudran
,
fell
into
Candia
,
where
they
continued
the
War
24
years
;
for
having
taken
Canea
in
1645.
they
laid
close
Siege
to
the
City
of
Candia
;
which
notwithstanding
the
utmost
efforts
of
many
brave
Commanders
and
Soldiers
of
divers
Nations
who
came
voluntarily
to
its
relief
,
was
at
length
constrained
to
submit
to
the
Ottoman
Yoke
on
Honorable
Conditions
in
1669.
After
the
taking
of
this
important
place
,
the
Turks
over-ran
the
greatest
part
of
the
Island
,
and
have
since
kept
their
hold
:
The
Venetians
scarcely
retaining
in
their
possession
three
Forts
built
on
the
Sea
Shore
,
viz.
those
of
Crabusa
Suda
,
and
Spina-Longa
.
CANDIA
,
Candia
aut
Ma●ium
,
the
Capital
City
of
the
Island
which
took
its
Modern
name
from
thence
,
was
formerly
dignified
with
the
Title
of
a
Metropolitan
See
,
under
which
were
nine
Suffragans
,
and
is
at
present
the
usual
place
of
residence
of
a
Turkish
Sangiack
or
Governour
.
It
is
situated
in
a
Plain
on
the
foot
of
the
Mountains
on
the
Northern
Coasts
,
and
hath
a
commodious
Harbour
at
the
distance
of
35
miles
from
Rhitymna
to
the
East
,
and
about
40
from
Spinalonga
to
the
West
.
It
is
a
very
large
City
divided
into
two
parts
,
viz.
the
old
Town
which
is
of
a
small
compass
,
and
the
new
being
larger
and
more
beautiful
:
It
hath
been
heretofore
a
famous
Mart
,
but
now
lies
almost
altogether
desolate
and
little
inhabited
.
This
City
whilst
it
remained
in
the
possession
of
the
Christians
,
was
also
well
fortified
with
a
Castle
and
other
regular
Bulwarks
,
besides
an
Arsenal
furnished
with
all
manner
of
Military
Ammunition
;
that
it
obstinately
resisted
the
assaults
of
the
numerous
Turkish
Forces
during
some
years
,
until
at
length
it
was
taken
by
them
on
the
27th
day
of
September
,
A.
D.
1669.
The
Turks
laid
Siege
to
this
City
in
the
year
1645.
after
the
Battle
of
Carvaca
,
but
were
oblig'd
to
raise
it
after
having
lost
the
Flower
of
their
Army
.
However
they
left
it
blockt
up
very
close
until
1667.
and
then
vigorously
renewing
the
Siege
,
took
it
by
composition
in
1669.
It
is
generally
believed
that
the
Ottoman
Forces
were
sore
shattered
by
the
loss
of
5
or
600000
Men
,
at
that
memorable
Siege
,
which
exposed
their
Government
to
Rebellion
and
Domestick
Uproar
often
raised
at
Constantinople
.
In
1692.
the
Venetians
made
an
attempt
to
besiege
Candia
,
but
were
repulsed
with
considerable
loss
.
CANEA
,
Cydon
was
formerly
styl'd
the
Mother
of
Towns
by
the
Grecians
,
and
hath
for
some
time
enjoyed
the
Title
of
an
Episcopal
See
under
the
Metropolitan
of
Caradia
.
It
was
taken
by
the
Turks
,
A.
D.
1695.
RETTIMO
,
Rhitymna
is
another
small
City
,
and
a
Bishop's
See
,
but
is
now
subject
to
the
Dominion
of
the
Ottoman
Emperor
,
SITTIA
is
the
Capital
Town
of
a
Territory
of
the
same
name
,
situated
on
the
Northern
Shore
of
the
Island
of
Candia
.
A
Chronological
Table
shewing
the
succession
of
the
Emperors
of
Constantinople
,
or
of
the
East
,
from
Constantine
the
Great
,
to
Constantine
Palaeologus
,
d●posed
by
the
Turks
,
inclusively
.
A.
C.
|
Reigned
Years
,
|
1.
Constantine
the
Great
|
306
|
31
|
2.
Constantius
|
337
|
25
|
3.
Gallus
,
|
351
|
3
|
4.
Julian
the
Apostate
|
361
|
2
|
5.
Jovian
|
363
|
1
|
6.
Valentinian
|
364
|
|
7.
Valens
|
364
|
|
8.
Procopius
|
364
|
|
9.
Theodosius
the
Great
|
370
|
|
10.
A●cadius
|
383
|
died
in
408
|
11.
Rufinus
|
395
|
|
12.
Gainas
|
401
|
|
13.
Theodosius
the
Younger
|
408
|
42
|
14.
Marcianus
|
450
|
7
|
15.
Leo
the
Elder
Asper
&
Patricius
|
457
|
17
|
16.
Zeno
the
Isaurian
|
474
|
17
|
17.
Basilicus
,
|
475
|
|
18.
Marcianus
and
Procopius
|
479
|
|
19.
Leontius
|
487
|
|
20.
Anastasius
Longinus
|
491
|
27
|
21.
Justin
the
Elder
|
518
|
8
|
22.
Justinian
|
527
|
39
|
23.
Justin
the
Younger
|
566
|
12
|
24.
Tiberius
|
578
|
|
25.
Mauritius
|
582
|
|
26.
Phocas
|
602
|
|
27.
Heraclius
|
610
|
31
|
28.
Constantin
II
.
|
641
|
3
Months
|
29.
Heracleonas
|
641
|
6
Months
|
30.
Constans
|
641
|
27
|
31.
Constantinus
Pagonatus
,
the
Younger
,
|
668
|
16
|
32.
Justinian
the
Younger
,
Rhinotmetus
|
685
|
10
|
33.
Leontius
|
695
|
3
|
34.
Tiberius
Apsimames
|
698
|
7
|
35.
Justinian
,
Rhinotmetus
re-established
|
705
|
6
|
36.
Philippicus
Bardanes
|
711
|
2
|
37.
Artemius
or
Anastasius
II
.
|
713
|
2
|
38.
Theodosius
of
Adrametum
|
715
|
2
|
39.
Leo
the
Isaurian
|
717
|
24
|
40.
Constantine
Copronymus
|
741
|
34
|
41.
Leo
Chazarius
|
773
|
5
|
42.
Constantine
the
Son
of
Irene
|
780
|
17
|
43.
Irene
|
797
|
5
|
44.
Nicephorus
Stauracius
|
802
|
9
|
45.
Michael
Rhangabes
|
811
|
2
|
46.
Leo
V.
|
813
|
7
|
47.
Michael
the
Stammerer
|
820
|
8
|
48.
Theophilus
|
829
|
12
|
49.
Michael
the
Drinker
|
842
|
15
|
Bordas
.
|
50.
Basilius
the
Macedonian
.
|
866
|
19
|
51.
Leo
the
Philosopher
|
886
|
25
|
52.
Alexander
the
Son
of
Basilius
|
911
|
1
|
53.
Constantine
Porphyrogenneta
|
912
|
48
|
Romanus
,
Lecaperius
,
Christophanes
,
Constantinus
,
and
Stephanus
.
|
54.
Romanus
the
younger
|
959
|
4
|
55.
Nicephorus
Phocas
|
963
|
6
|
56.
John
Zimisces
|
969
|
6
|
57.
Basilius
II
.
the
Conqueror
of
the
Bulgarians
|
975
|
50
|
58.
Constantine
the
younger
|
1025
|
53
|
59.
Romanus
Agryropilus
|
1028
|
6
|
60.
Michael
the
Paphlagonian
|
1034
|
7
|
60.
Michael
Calephates
|
1041
|
4
Months
.
|
62.
Constantine
Monomachus
|
1042
|
12
|
63.
Zoe
and
Theodorus
|
1054
|
|
64.
Michael
the
old
|
1056
|
1
|
65.
Isaac
Comnenus
|
1057
|
2
|
66.
Constantine
Ducas
|
1059
|
8
|
67.
Romanus
Diogenes
|
1068
|
3
|
68.
Michael
Parapinaceus
|
1071
|
7
|
69.
Nicephorus
Botoniates
|
1078
|
3
|
Michael
Ducas
,
and
Constantine
.
|
70.
Alexis
Comnenus
|
1081
|
37
|
71.
John
Comnenus
or
Calo
Johannes
|
1118
|
25
|
72.
Manuel
Comnenus
|
1143
|
37
|
73.
Alexis
Comnenus
the
younger
|
1180
|
3
|
74.
Andronicus
Comnenus
|
1183
|
2
|
75.
Isaacius
Angelus
|
1185
|
10
|
76.
Alexis
Angelus
the
Tyrant
|
1195
|
8
|
77.
Alexis
the
younger
|
1203
|
1
|
78.
Alexis
Ducas
Murzofle
|
1204
|
|
79.
Baldwin
I.
|
1204
|
5
French
Emperors
of
Constantinople
.
-
4
-
10
-
3
-
1
|
80.
Henry
|
1206
|
81.
Peter
de
Courtency
|
1217
|
82.
Robert
de
Courtency
|
1224
|
83.
Baldwin
II
.
who
lost
Constantinople
in
1261.
|
1234
|
The
other
Grecian
Emperors
.
|
84.
Theodorus
Laparis
|
1204
|
18
|
85.
John
Ducas
|
1222
|
33
|
86.
Theodorus
the
younger
|
1255
|
4
|
87.
John
the
Blind
|
1258
|
1
|
88.
Michael
Palaeologus
|
1259
|
24
|
89.
Andronicus
Paloeologus
the
elder
|
1283
|
44
|
Michael
.
|
90.
Andronicus
Palaeologus
the
younger
|
1327
|
15
|
91.
John
Cantacuzenus
|
1341
|
15
|
92.
John
Palaeologus
I.
|
1355
|
27
|
93.
Manuel
Palaeologus
|
1384
|
36
|
94.
John
Palaeologus
II
.
|
1419
|
29
|
95.
Constantine
Palaeologus
Dracoses
|
1438
|
5
|
The
City
of
Constantinople
was
taken
by
Mahomet
II
.
Emperor
of
the
Turks
.
A.
D.
1453.
The
Succession
of
the
other
Eastern
Emperors
under
the
name
of
Ottoman
Princes
.
|
A.
D.
|
Reigned
Years
|
1.
Mahomet
II
.
|
1450
|
32
|
2.
Bajazet
II
.
|
1481
|
30
|
3.
Selim
|
1512
|
9
|
4.
Solyman
II
.
|
1520
|
47
|
5.
Selim
II
.
|
1566
|
8
|
6.
Amurath
II
.
|
1574
|
20
|
7.
Mahomet
III
.
|
1595
|
8
|
8.
Achmet
|
1604
|
14
|
9.
Osman
|
1617
|
4
|
10.
Mustapha
|
1622
|
1
|
11.
Amurath
IV
.
|
1623
|
17
|
12.
Ibrahim
|
1640
|
8
|
13.
Mahomet
IV
.
|
1648
|
Deposed
1687.
|
14.
Solyman
III
.
|
1687
|
|
15.
|
1694
|
Now
Reigning
.
|
〈…〉