LIB.
I.
The
PROLOGUE
TO
AUGUSTUS
TIBERIUS
CAESAR
.
I
Have
resolved
with
thy self
,
to
collect
together
the
Deeds
and
Sayings
of
most
note
,
and
most
worthy
to
be
remembred
,
of
the
most
eminent
persons
both
among
the
Romans
and
other
Nations
,
taken
out
of
the
most
approved
Authors
,
where
they
lie
scattered
at
such
a
distance
,
that
makes
them
hard
to
be
known
;
to
save
them
the
trouble
of
a
tedious
search
,
who
are
willing
to
follow
their
Examples
.
Yet
I
have
not
been
over-desirous
to
comprehend
all
:
For
who
in
a
small
Volume
is
able
to
set
down
the
Deeds
of
many
Ages
?
Or
what
wise
man
can
hope
to
deliver
the
order
of
Domestick
and
Forraign
story
,
which
our
Predecessors
have
done
in
such
happy
stiles
,
either
with
greater
care
,
or
more
abounding
Eloquence
?
Therefore
,
Caesar
,
thy
Countries
onely
safety
,
thee
I
invoke
in
the
beginning
of
my
Vndertaking
,
whom
the
consent
of
Gods
and
men
hath
ordain'd
the
great
Commander
both
of
Sea
and
Land
;
by
whose
Divine
providence
those
Vertues
,
of
which
I
am
to
discourse
,
are
most
favourably
cherish'd
,
Vices
most
severely
punish'd
:
For
if
the
antient
Orator
:
did
well
to
begin
from
the
Omnipotent
Jove
,
if
the
most
excellent
Poets
did
always
call
some
particular
Numen
to
assist
'um
;
much
the
rather
does
my
little
Work
,
fly
to
your
protection
:
For
other
Gods
we
adore
onely
in
Opinion
,
you
we
behold
equal
to
your
Fathers
and
your
Grand-fathers
Stars
in
brightness
,
whose
resplendent
Lustres
have
added
not
a
little
to
the
Ceremonies
of
our
Religion
.
Others
we
receive
for
Gods
,
Caesars
we
make
such
.
And
because
it
is
my
intention
to
begin
with
the
worship
of
the
Gods
,
I
shall
discourse
briefly
of
the
nature
thereof
.
CHAP.
I.
Of
Religion
.
OBSERVED
BY
-
1.
The
people
of
Rome
.
-
2.
Lucius
Metellus
,
High-Pri●●●
-
3.
Titus
Gracchus
.
-
4.
Colledge
of
Priests
.
-
5.
Q.
Fabius
Dictator
,
and
C.
Flaminius
Mr.
of
the
Horse
.
-
6.
Pub.
Crassus
High-priest
.
-
7.
The
Disciple
of
Aemilia
the
Vestal
Nun.
-
8.
Marcellus
junior
,
Consul
.
-
9.
Lucius
Furius
Bibaculus
.
-
10.
Lucius
Albinius
.
-
11.
C.
Fabius
Dorso
.
-
12.
Q.
Petillius
Spurinus
Praetor
.
-
13.
Lucius
Tarquinius
the
King
.
-
14.
Marcus
Attilius
Regulus
.
-
15.
The
Roman
Senate
.
NEGLECTED
BY
-
16.
C.
Terence
Varro
.
-
17.
Appius
Caecus
,
and
the
Family
of
Potinius
.
-
18.
A
Roman
Souldier
,
and
Brennus
the
Gaul
.
-
19.
P.
Turullius
Admiral
.
-
20.
Q.
Fulvius
Flaccus
Censor
.
-
21.
Q.
Pleminio
Legat
for
the
Pretor
.
Forraign
Examples
of
Religion
observ'd
or
neglected
.
-
1.
Pyrrhus
King
of
Epirus
.
-
2.
Massanisa
King
of
Numidia
.
-
3.
Dionysius
the
Elder
of
Sicilie
.
-
4.
Thymasitheus
Prince
of
the
Liparitans
.
-
5.
The
Souldiers
of
King
Alexander
.
-
6.
Perseus
.
-
7.
Athenians
.
-
8.
Diomedon
an
Athenian
Captain
.
OBSERVED
.
1.
OUr
Ancestors
appointed
that
the
set
and
solemn
Ceremonies
should
be
ordered
by
the
knowledge
of
the
High-Priests
;
the
right
Administration
of
these
Ceremonies
,
and
authority
for
so
doing
,
the
observations
of
the
Augurs
,
the
Predictions
of
Apollo
,
should
depend
upon
the
Books
of
the
Sibyls
;
but
that
the
mysteries
or
Wonders
should
be
unfolded
according
to
the
Rules
of
the
Hetrurian
Discipline
:
For
by
the
antient
Institutions
,
when
we
were
to
commend
any
thing
to
the
Gods
,
we
gave
our selves
to
Prayer
;
when
any
thing
was
earnestly
to
desired
of
the
Gods
,
then
to
Vows
;
when
any
thing
to
be
p●●●
,
to
Thanksgiving
;
when
enquiry
after
future
succ●ss
was
made
,
to
obtain
by
Request
;
when
any
sol●mn
Sacrifice
was
to
be
done
,
to
sacrifice
:
By
which
●●ans
the
significations
of
Wonders
and
Thunders
were
likewise
discovered
.
So
great
also
was
the
care
of
our
Ancestors
,
not
onely
to
observe
,
but
to
increase
Religion
,
that
by
decree
of
Senate
,
ten
of
the
Sons
of
the
chief
men
were
sent
out
of
their
most
flourishing
and
opulent
City
to
the
several
people
of
Hetruria
,
to
learn
the
Order
and
Discipline
of
Ceremonies
.
1.
And
when
they
had
resolved
to
worship
Ceres
after
the
Greek
manner
,
they
sent
for
Calcitana
,
or
,
as
others
say
,
Calliphimia
,
from
Vilia
,
which
had
not
yet
received
the
name
of
a
City
,
to
be
their
Priestess
,
that
they
might
not
want
a
skilful
Governess
of
the
antient
Ceremonies
of
the
Goddess
:
To
whom
having
in
the
City
a
most
stately
Temple
dedicated
,
and
being
warn'd
in
the
Sibyls
Books
to
appease
the
ancient
Goddess
Ceres
in
the
time
of
Gracchus
Tumult
,
they
sent
ten
persons
to
Enna
,
where
they
believed
her
Sacred
Mysteries
were
first
instituted
,
to
make
an
Atonement
for
themselves
.
And
many
times
our
Emperours
and
Commanders
having
obtained
great
Victories
,
have
●●one
themselves
to
Pessinuntes
,
there
to
perform
their
●●ows
to
the
Mother
of
the
Gods
.
2.
Metellus
High-Priest
,
when
Posthumius
the
Consul
,
and
also
a
Flamin
of
Mars
,
desired
Africa
for
his
Province
to
make
War
in
,
commanded
him
under
a
penalty
not
to
depart
the
City
,
thereby
to
desert
his
Functions
;
believing
that
Posthumius
could
not
safely
adventure
himself
in
Martial
Combats
,
when
the
Ceremonies
of
Mars
were
neglected
.
3.
Praiseworthy
was
the
Reverence
of
the
Twelve
,
but
more
to
be
extoll'd
,
the
obedience
of
the
Twenty
four
Fasces
:
for
Titus
Gracchus
sent
Letters
to
the
Colledge
of
Augurs
out
of
his
Province
,
by
which
he
gave
them
to
understand
,
that
having
perus'd
certain
Books
belonging
to
the
Sacred
Mysteries
of
the
people
,
he
found
that
the
Tabernacle
was
erroneously
taken
at
the
grand
Consular
Assemblies
for
Election
,
which
he
had
caus'd
to
be
made
;
which
thing
being
reported
to
the
Senate
,
by
command
thereof
C.
Figulus
returning
out
of
Gallia
,
Scipio
Nasiea
from
Corsica
,
both
laid
down
their
Consulships
.
4.
For
the
same
reason
,
P.
Cloelius
of
Sicilie
,
M.
Cornelius
Cethegus
,
in
C.
Claudius
,
for
that
the
Entrails
were
less
reverently
brought
to
the
Altars
of
the
Gods
than
they
ought
to
have
been
,
at
several
times
,
and
in
several
Wars
,
were
commanded
and
compelled
to
leave
the
Flaminship
.
And
because
a
Bee
fell
upon
the
head
of
Sulpicius
while
he
was
sacrificing
,
he
lost
the
Priesthood
.
5.
The
peeping
of
a
Mouse
being
overheard
,
was
the
reason
that
Fabius
Maximus
quitted
the
Dictatorship
,
and
C.
Flaminius
ceased
to
be
Master
of
the
Horse
.
6.
To
this
we
may
add
,
that
P.
Licinius
High-Priest
thought
fit
to
give
the
lash
to
a
Vestal-Virgin
,
for
that
one
night
she
had
been
negligent
of
the
Holy
fire
.
7.
But
Vesta
her self
sav'd
the
Hand-maid
of
Emilia
the
Vestal
,
who
had
let
the
fire
out
;
for
while
she
was
worshiping
,
and
had
laid
her
Vail
which
was
very
rich
upon
the
Hearth
,
presently
the
fire
caught
hold
thereof
.
8.
No
wonder
then
that
the
indulgence
of
the
Gods
was
so
great
in
preserving
and
increasing
their
Empire
:
for
such
a
scrupulous
care
seemed
to
examine
the
smallest
concernments
of
Religion
,
so
that
our
City
is
to
be
thought
never
to
have
had
her
eyes
off
from
the
most
exact
worship
of
the
Gods
.
And
therefore
when
Marcellus
,
five
times
Consul
,
having
taken
Clastidium
,
and
after
that
Syracuse
,
would
have
in
performance
of
his
Vows
,
erected
a
Temple
to
Honour
and
Vertue
:
He
was
opposed
by
the
Colledge
of
Priests
,
who
deni'd
that
one
Domicil
could
be
rightly
dedicated
to
two
Gods
.
For
if
any
Prodigy
should
happen
,
it
would
remain
doubtful
to
which
Deity
should
be
made
Address
:
nor
was
it
the
custome
to
sacrifice
at
once
to
two
Deities
,
unless
to
some
in
particular
.
Upon
which
Admonition
of
the
Priests
,
Marcellus
in
two
several
Temples
set
up
the
Images
of
Honour
and
Vertue
;
whereby
it
came
to
pass
,
that
neither
the
authority
of
so
great
a
man
was
any
hindrance
to
the
Colledge
,
nor
the
addition
of
expence
any
impediment
to
Marcellus
,
but
that
all
Justice
and
Observation
was
given
to
Religion
.
9.
Lucius
Furius
Bibaculus
hath
hardly
any
Example
to
parallel
him
,
unless
that
of
Marcellus
:
Nor
is
he
to
be
deprived
of
the
praise
of
a●most
pious
and
religious
minde
,
who
while
he
was
Pretor
,
being
commanded
by
his
Father
,
Principal
of
the
Colledge
of
the
Salian
Priests
,
carried
the
Ancilia
,
six
Lictors
going
before
him
;
though
he
might
have
pleaded
an
excuse
from
that
duty
,
by
vertue
of
his
place
.
But
our
City
valued
Religion
above
all
things
,
preferring
it
before
the
authority
of
all
soveraign
Majesty
:
therefore
their
Emperours
have
not
scrupled
to
obey
in
Sacred
things
;
believing
they
should
the
more
easily
obtain
the
sole
command
of
humane
things
,
if
they
were
constantly
and
truly
obedient
to
the
Divine
power
.
10.
Which
resolution
hath
been
also
bred
up
in
the
breasts
of
private
persons
.
For
when
the
City
was
taken
by
the
Gauls
,
and
that
the
Quirinal
Flamen
and
the
Vestal
Virgins
were
forced
to
carry
the
Sacred
things
,
taking
every
one
a
share
of
the
burthen
,
having
now
pals'd
the
Sublician
Bridge
,
and
ready
to
descend
the
Rock
that
leads
to
Janiculum
;
they
were
spied
by
Alvanius
,
who
was
driving
a
Cart
wherein
he
had
put
his
Wife
and
Children
,
who
no
sooner
saw
them
in
that
condition
,
but
regarding
publick
Religion
more
than
private
Charity
,
commanded
them
to
alight
;
and
then
placing
the
Holy
things
,
and
ordering
the
Vestal
to
get
in
,
he
left
his
own
intended
Journey
,
and
drave
them
till
he
came
to
the
Town
of
Caere
;
where
,
because
they
were
curteously
and
reverently
received
,
we
testifie
our
thanks
,
and
honour
the
memory
of
their
Humanity
:
for
thence
it
came
to
be
instituted
,
that
those
Sacred
Rites
were
called
Ceremonies
,
because
the
Ceretans
worshipped
and
observed
them
as
well
in
the
low
as
flourishing
state
of
the
Commonwealth
:
And
that
Mean
and
Country
Cart
,
on
a
sudden
the
receptacle
of
so
much
Honour
,
came
to
equal
,
if
not
out-vie
,
the
glory
of
a
Triumphal
Chariot
.
11.
About
the
same
time
,
memorable
was
the
Example
of
observ'd
Religion
which
Caius
Fabius
Dorso
gave
us
:
for
when
the
Gauls
besieged
the
Capitol
,
lest
the
accustomed
Sacrifice
of
the
Fabii
should
be
put
by
,
clad
in
a
Gabin
habit
,
and
carrying
the
Sacred
things
in
his
hands
and
upon
his
shouldiers
,
he
at
length
pass'd
through
the
midst
of
the
Enemy
to
the
Quirinal-Hill
,
where
having
performed
what
was
to
be
done
,
he
returned
to
the
Capitol
with
Divine
Adoration
of
his
victorious
Atchievement
,
as
if
he
had
been
a
Victor
indeed
.
12.
Great
also
was
the
care
of
preserving
Religion
among
our
Ancestors
,
where
Publius
Cornelius
and
Baebius
Tamphilus
were
Consuls
:
For
the
Labourers
that
were
digging
a
Field
of
Petillius
the
Scribe
,
at
the
foot
of
Janiculum
,
delving
somewhat
deeper
than
ordinary
,
found
two
little
Stone-chests
;
in
one
whereof
was
a
Writing
,
declaring
,
That
it
was
the
body
of
Numa
Pompilius
Son
of
Pomponius
:
In
the
other
were
seven
Books
in
the
Latine
Tongue
,
treating
of
the
right
of
the
High-Priest
;
and
as
many
in
Greek
,
discoursing
of
Wisdom
.
For
the
preservation
of
the
Latine
Books
they
took
especial
care
;
but
the
Greek
one
,
(
for
there
seemed
to
be
some
things
therein
prejudicial
to
their
Religion
)
Lucius
Petillius
the
Pretor
by
decree
of
Senate
caus'd
to
be
burnt
in
a
publick
Fire
made
by
the
Officers
belonging
to
the
Sacrifices
:
for
the
antient
Romans
could
not
endure
that
any
thing
should
be
reserved
in
the
City
,
which
might
he
a
means
to
draw
the
minds
of
men
from
the
worship
of
the
Gods
.
13.
Tarquinius
the
King
caus'd
Marcus
Tullius
the
Duumvir
to
be
fow'd
in
a
Sack
after
the
antient
manner
,
and
to
be
thrown
into
the
Sea
,
for
that
he
had
for
a
Bribe
delivered
to
Petronius
Sabinus
a
certain
Book
containing
the
Mysteries
of
the
Civil
Sacred
things
committed
to
his
keeping
.
Most
justly
,
seeing
that
violation
of
Trust
deserves
the
same
punishment
among
men
,
as
from
the
Gods
.
14.
But
as
to
those
things
which
concern
the
Observation
of
Religion
,
I
know
not
whether
Atilius
Regulus
have
not
excelled
all
that
ever
went
before
him
,
who
of
a
famous
Conquerour
being
now
become
a
Captive
,
through
the
wiles
and
ambushments
of
Hannibal
and
Xantippus
the
Lacedaemonian
,
he
was
to
the
Senate
and
people
of
Rome
,
to
try
if
he
could
get
himself
,
being
but
one
,
and
old
,
redeemed
for
several
young
and
noble
Carthaginians
;
who
when
he
came
,
advised
the
Senate
to
the
contrary
,
and
went
back
to
Carthage
,
well
knowing
to
what
cruel
and
inveterate
Enemies
he
returned
;
but
he
had
sworn
so
to
do
,
if
he
could
not
obtain
the
release
of
their
Captives
.
Surely
the
Immortal
Gods
had
reason
to
have
mitigated
their
fury
;
but
that
the
glory
of
Atilius
might
be
the
greater
,
they
permitted
the
Carthagians
to
take
their
own
inhumane
courses
:
As
they
who
in
the
third
Punick
War
would
severely
recompence
the
death
of
so
noble
a
Soul
with
the
destruction
of
their
City
.
15.
How
much
more
religious
toward
the
Gods
did
our
Senate
shew
themselves
?
which
,
after
the
fatal
overthrow
of
Cannae
,
decreed
that
no
women
should
mourn
longer
than
thirty
days
,
to
the
end
the
Rites
of
Ceres
might
be
by
them
performed
.
For
now
the
greatest
part
of
the
men
lying
slain
upon
the
bloody
accursed
Earth
,
there
was
no
Family
in
the
City
that
did
not
partake
of
the
general
Calamity
.
And
therefore
the
Mothers
and
Daughters
,
Wives
and
Sisters
of
the
slain
were
compelled
to
put
off
their
Mourning-weeds
,
and
put
on
their
White-garments
,
and
to
perform
the
office
of
Priests
.
Through
which
constancy
of
observing
Religion
,
forc'd
the
Deities
themselves
to
blush
,
and
be
ashamed
of
raging
any
more
against
such
a
Nation
,
that
could
not
be
drawn
from
adoring
them
that
with
so
much
cruelty
destroy'd
them
.
NEGLECTED
.
16.
It
is
believ'd
,
that
the
reason
why
Varro
fought
with
so
much
ill
success
at
Cannae
against
the
Carthaginians
,
was
through
the
wrath
of
Juno
:
for
when
he
made
publick
the
Circensian
Games
,
being
Aedil
,
he
set
a
young
Player
of
extraordinary
beauty
to
watch
in
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
:
which
Fact
being
call'd
to
mind
after
some
years
,
was
expiated
with
Sacrifices
.
17.
Hercules
also
is
reported
to
have
very
severely
revenged
the
abuse
of
his
Worship
:
for
when
the
Family
of
the
Potitii
had
intrusted
his
Ceremonies
,
the
Ministry
whereof
belonged
to
them
as
it
were
by
inheritance
,
to
be
performed
by
servants
and
persons
of
mean
degree
,
of
which
Appius
the
Censor
was
the
occasion
;
all
the
flower
of
the
Family
,
who
were
above
thirty
young
men
,
di'd
within
the
space
of
one
year
;
and
the
Name
of
the
Potitii
,
that
was
branch'd
into
twelve
Families
,
was
almost
extinct
;
Appius
also
the
Censor
was
stricken
blinde
.
18.
A
sharp
Revenger
also
was
Apollo
,
of
an
injury
done
to
himself
,
who
at
the
Sack
of
Carthage
being
spoil'd
of
his
Rode
of
Gold
,
never
ceas'd
till
the
hands
of
the
sacrilegious
Souldier
were
sound
cut
off
among
the
broken
pieces
of
his
Image
.
Brennus
,
Captain
of
the
Gauls
,
entering
into
the
Temple
of
Delphos
,
by
Destiny
was
compelled
to
lay
violent
hands
upon
himself
.
19.
Nor
was
his
Son
Aesculapius
a
less
violent
Revenger
of
contemned
Religion
,
who
not
enduring
to
behold
a
Wood
consecrated
to
his
Temple
cut
down
by
Turullius
to
build
Ships
for
the
use
of
M.
Antonie
,
by
a
strange
power
so
ordered
it
,
that
Turullius
was
by
the
command
of
Caesar
,
being
judged
to
death
while
he
was
in
the
midst
of
his
business
,
executed
in
the
very
Wood
:
And
so
the
God
ordain'd
it
,
that
being
there
remarkably
slain
by
Caesar's
Souldiers
,
that
with
the
same
death
he
expiated
the
loss
of
those
Trees
that
were
cut
down
,
and
secured
the
safety
of
those
that
were
standing
.
20.
Nor
did
Q.
Fulvius
Flaccus
go
unpunished
,
who
in
his
Censorship
translated
the
Marble
Tiles
from
the
Temple
of
Lacinian
Juno
to
the
Fane
of
Fortuna
Equestris
,
which
he
was
,
then
building
at
Rome
:
for
he
no
sooner
had
done
it
,
but
he
fell
mad
,
and
for
very
grief
expired
,
hearing
that
of
his
two
Sons
,
both
Souldiers
in
Illyria
,
one
of
them
was
dead
,
the
other
slain
;
by
whose
mishap
the
Senate
being
warned
,
ordered
the
Tiles
to
be
carried
back
to
Locri.
21.
Much
after
the
same
manner
did
they
punish
the
covetousness
of
Q.
Pliminius
,
Legate
to
Scipio
,
in
robbing
the
Treasure
of
Proserpina
:
for
when
he
was
brought
in
Fetters
to
Rome
,
before
he
could
come
to
his
Tryal
,
he
died
in
Prison
of
a
most
filthy
Disease
.
The
Goddess
,
by
command
of
the
Senate
,
had
not
onely
her
Money
restored
,
but
double
the
sum
.
Forraign
Examples
of
Religion
,
observed
or
neglected
.
1.
As
to
the
Fact
of
Pleminius
,
it
was
well
punish'd
by
the
Conscript
Fathers
.
But
against
the
sordid
Violencies
of
King
Pyrrhus
,
the
Goddess
her self
defended
her self
well
enough
:
for
the
Locri
being
compelled
to
give
him
money
out
of
her
Treasury
,
while
he
was
sailing
upon
the
Sea
laden
with
his
impious
Prey
,
by
force
of
a
mighty
Tempest
his
whole
Navy
was
cast
away
upon
the
shoar
adjoyning
to
the
said
City
;
where
the
money
being
found
entire
,
was
restored
to
the
most
sacred
Treasury
of
the
Goddess
.
2.
But
the
Act
of
Massanisa
was
of
another
nature
,
whose
Admiral
having
landed
in
Melita
,
and
taken
out
of
the
Fane
of
Juno
certain
Ivory-teeth
of
an
immense
proportion
,
and
given
them
as
a
Present
to
the
King
;
Massanisa
no
sooner
understood
from
whence
they
came
,
but
he
commanded
them
to
be
carried
back
in
a
Galley
with
five
Oars
,
and
put
in
the
place
whence
they
were
taken
,
having
caus'd
certain
Words
to
be
carved
upon
them
,
signifying
that
the
King
had
taken
them
ignorantly
,
and
willingly
restored
them
.
3.
Dionysius
,
born
at
Syracuse
,
us'd
to
make
Jests
of
his
Sacriledges
,
of
which
he
committed
more
than
we
have
now
room
to
recount
:
for
having
plundered
the
Temple
of
Juno
at
Locri
,
and
satling
upon
the
Sea
with
a
prosperous
gale
,
laughing
to
his
friends
,
he
said
,
What
a
pleasant
Voyage
have
the
Gods
granted
to
us
Sacrilegious
Robbers
!
Having
taken
also
a
Cloak
of
Massie
gold
from
Jupiter
Olympian
,
which
Hiero
the
Turant
had
dedicated
to
him
out
of
the
spoils
of
the
Carthaginians
;
and
throwing
over
the
Statue
a
Woollen-mantle
,
told
his
Companions
,
That
a
Cloak
of
Gold
was
too
heavy
in
the
Summer
,
too
cold
in
the
Winter
;
but
a
Woollen
Cloak
would
serve
for
both
Seasons
.
The
same
person
commanded
the
Golden
beard
of
Esculapius
to
be
taken
from
his
Statue
in
his
Temple
at
Epidaurum
,
saying
,
It
was
not
convenient
for
Apollo
the
Father
to
be
without
a
Beard
,
and
the
Son
to
have
so
large
a
one
.
He
also
took
away
the
Silver
and
Golden
Tables
out
of
other
Temples
,
where
finding
certain
Inscriptions
,
after
the
manner
of
Greece
,
that
they
belonged
to
the
good
Gods
,
then
said
he
,
Through
their
goodness
we
will
make
use
of
them
.
He
also
took
away
the
little
Statues
of
Victory
,
Cups
and
Crowns
which
they
held
in
their
hands
being
all
of
Gold
,
saying
,
He
did
but
borrow
them
,
not
take
um
quite
away
:
saying
,
It
was
an
idle
thing
,
when
we
pray
to
the
Gods
for
good
things
,
not
to
accept
um
when
they
hold
um
forth
to
us
.
Who
in
his
own
person
though
he
were
not
rewarded
according
to
his
deserts
,
yet
in
the
infamy
of
his
Son
,
he
suffered
after
death
what
in
his
life-time
he
had
escaped
.
4.
For
the
avoiding
whereof
,
Tim●sitheus
Prince
of
the
Liparitans
by
his
wisdom
provided
for
his
own
and
his
Countries
safety
:
for
when
certain
of
his
Subjects
,
using
Pyracy
,
had
taken
a
Golden
cup
of
a
very
great
weight
,
and
that
the
people
were
gathered
together
to
divide
the
spoil
,
understanding
that
it
was
consecrated
to
Apollo
Pythian
in
lieu
of
their
Tenths
by
the
Romans
,
he
took
it
from
them
,
and
carefully
sent
it
to
Delphos
.
5.
Milisian
Ceres
,
when
Miletum
was
taken
by
Alexander
,
and
that
several
Souldiers
were
broken
into
the
Temple
to
plunder
it
,
on
a
sudden
depriv'd
them
all
of
their
sight
.
6.
The
Persians
coming
to
Delos
with
a
Navy
of
a
thousand
Ships
,
behaved
themselves
more
irreligiously
than
rapaciously
toward
the
Temple
.
7.
The
Athenians
banish'd
Diagoras
the
Philosopher
,
because
he
adventured
to
affirm
that
he
knew
not
whether
there
were
any
Gods
or
no
;
or
if
there
were
any
,
of
what
nature
they
were
.
They
also
condemned
Socrates
,
because
he
endeavoured
to
introduce
a
new
Religion
.
They
endured
Phidias
when
he
affirmed
that
it
was
better
to
make
the
Statue
of
Minerva
of
Marble
rather
than
of
Ivory
,
by
reason
it
was
more
lasting
;
but
when
he
added
,
that
it
was
also
cheaper
,
they
commanded
him
silence
.
8.
Diomedon
,
one
of
the
ten
Captains
who
at
Arginusa
won
a
great
Victory
to
the
Athenians
,
but
to
himself
the
reward
of
Condemnation
;
being
now
led
to
his
undeserved
Execution
,
spake
nothing
else
,
but
onely
that
the
Vows
which
he
had
made
for
the
safety
of
the
Army
might
be
performed
.
CHAP.
II.
Of
Feigned
Religion
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Numa
Pompilius
.
-
2.
P.
Scip.
African
the
greater
.
-
3.
L.
Cor.
Sulla
.
-
4.
Q.
Sertorius
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Minos
King
of
Crete
.
-
2.
Pisistratus
,
Athenian
.
-
3.
Lycurgus
,
Spartan
.
-
4.
Zaleucus
of
Locri.
1.
NVma
Pompilius
,
that
he
might
oblige
his
people
to
the
observance
of
Holy
things
,
feigned
to
have
familiarity
by
night
with
the
Goddess
Egeria
;
and
that
by
her
direction
onely
,
the
worship
of
the
Gods
which
he
propos'd
was
instituted
.
2.
Scipio
,
sirnamed
the
African
,
never
went
about
any
private
or
publick
business
,
till
he
had
been
for
some
while
in
the
Fane
of
Jupiter
Capitoline
;
and
was
therefore
thought
to
have
been
begot
by
Jove
.
3.
Lucius
Sulla
,
when
he
resolved
to
give
Battel
,
embracing
a
little
Image
of
Apollo
,
which
was
taken
out
of
the
Temple
of
Delphos
,
in
the
sight
of
all
his
Souldiers
,
desired
the
Deity
to
bring
to
pass
what
he
had
promised
.
4.
Q.
Sertorius
had
a
tame
white
Hart
,
which
he
taught
●o
follow
him
over
all
the
cragged
Mountains
of
Lusitania
▪
by
which
he
feigned
himself
instructed
what
to
do
▪
or
what
not
.
FORRAIGN
.
1.
Minos
●ing
of
Crete
was
wont
to
retire
himself
every
ninth
year
into
a
deep
and
antiently-consecrated
Den
;
and
there
staying
some
time
,
brought
forth
new
Laws
,
which
he
there
feigned
were
delivered
to
him
by
Jupiter
.
2.
Pisistratus
,
to
recover
the
Tyranny
of
Athens
,
which
he
had
lost
,
made
as
if
Minerva
her self
had
led
him
into
the
Castle
;
deceiving
the
Athenians
by
shewing
an
unknown
woman
who
was
called
Phya
,
in
the
habit
of
Minerva
.
3.
Lycurgus
perswaded
the
people
that
the
Laws
which
he
compos'd
for
the
grave
City
of
Lacedaemon
,
were
made
by
the
counsel
of
Apollo
.
4.
Zaleucus
,
in
the
name
of
Minerva
,
was
accounted
the
wisest
man
among
the
Locrians
.
CHAP.
III.
of
Forraign
Religion
rejected
.
-
1.
By
the
Roman
people
.
-
2.
P.
Cornelius
the
Pretor
.
-
3.
Lucius
Emilius
Paulus
.
THe
new
Custom
which
was
introduced
among
the
Feasts
of
Bacchus
,
when
it
grew
to
Mad●●●●●
was
quite
taken
away
.
Lutatius
,
who
finished
〈…〉
Punick
War
,
was
forbid
by
the
Senate
to
go
〈…〉
to
consult
Fortune
;
judging
it
meet
that
〈◊〉
●●●●●s
of
the
Commonwealth
should
be
gover●●●
〈◊〉
their
own
national
Omens
,
and
not
those
of
〈…〉
Countries
.
〈…〉
Cornelius
Hispallus
,
a
forraign
Pretor
,
in
the
〈…〉
at
Popillius
Laenas
and
M.
Calpurnius
were
〈…〉
,
by
Edict
commanded
the
Caldeans
to
depart
〈…〉
Italy
,
who
by
their
trivial
tricks
,
and
false
interpretations
of
the
Stars
,
cast
a
gainful
Mist
before
their
eyes
.
3.
The
same
person
banished
those
who
with
a
counterfeit
worship
of
Jupiter
Sabazius
sought
to
corrupt
the
Roman
Customs
.
Lucius
Emilius
Paulus
the
Consul
,
when
the
Senate
had
decreed
that
the
Temples
of
Isis
and
Serapis
should
be
destroyed
,
and
that
none
of
the
Workmen
durst
lay
hands
upon
the
Work
,
laying
his
Consular
habit
aside
,
and
taking
a
Hatchet
,
was
the
first
that
broke
open
the
Gates
.
CHAP.
IV.
Of
Luckie
Signes
.
Which
the
ROMANS
took
.
-
1.
Atius
Navus
the
Augur
.
-
2.
T.
Gracchus
,
Son
of
Titus
Tribune
.
-
3.
P.
Claudius
Pulcher
,
and
L.
Jun.
Pullus
.
Consul
.
-
4.
Lucius
Metellus
High-priest
.
-
5.
M.
Tullius
Cicero
.
-
6.
M.
Junius
Brutus
Proconsul
.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
Alexander
the
Great
.
-
2.
King
Dejotarus
.
1.
LVcius
Tarquinius
the
King
having
a
minde
to
adde
other
Troops
of
Horse
to
the
Troops
which
Romulus
had
fortunately
enroll'd
,
being
oppoed
by
the
Augur
,
in
a
great
fury
asked
him
,
If
that
which
he
thought
of
might
be
done
?
Who
answering
,
That
it
might
,
the
King
commanded
him
to
●●eave
a
Whet-stone
with
a
Rator
;
which
was
no
sooner
brought
,
but
Atius
by
an
incredible
act
,
made
the
King
admire
the
Effect
of
his
Profession
.
2.
Titus
Gracchus
designing
Tumult
and
Sedition
,
sought
for
Lucky
Signes
at
home
;
which
fell
out
very
sad
,
and
contrary
to
his
Expectation
:
for
as
he
was
going
out
of
doors
,
he
stumbled
in
such
sort
,
that
he
broke
one
of
his
Toes
.
Then
three
Crows
cawing
on
the
wrong
side
,
let
fall
a
piece
of
a
Tile
just
before
him
:
But
he
contemning
all
these
Signes
,
and
being
expelled
the
Capitol
by
Scipio
Nasica
the
High
.
priest
,
was
knock'd
on
the
head
with
a
piece
of
Chair
of
State
.
3.
P.
Claudius
,
in
the
first
Punick
War
,
being
ready
to
joyn
Battel
,
yet
being
willing
to
know
the
Signes
after
the
old
Custome
,
when
he
that
kept
the
Birds
told
him
that
the
Chickens
would
not
come
out
of
the
Penns
,
commanded
them
to
be
cast
into
the
Sea
,
saying
,
If
they
will
not
eat
,
let
um
drink
;
together
with
Junius
his
Colleague
,
lost
the
Roman
Navy
for
neglecting
the
Lucky
Signes
:
Of
which
two
,
one
fell
by
the
Sentence
of
the
People
,
the
other
prevented
the
ignominy
of
Condemnation
by
killing
himself
.
4.
Metellus
the
High-priest
travelling
for
Tusculanum
,
two
Crows
flew
directly
toward
his
face
,
as
if
they
went
to
stop
his
journey
,
yet
hardly
prevail'd
with
him
to
return
.
The
next
night
the
Temple
of
Vesta
was
burnt
,
and
Metellus
sav'd
the
Palladium
out
of
the
fire
.
5.
M
Cicero
had
his
death
foretold
by
an
unlucky
Signe
:
for
being
at
the
Village
of
Cajeta
,
a
Crow
strook
off
the
Gnomon
of
a
Sun-dial
before
his
face
,
and
by
and
by
flying
toward
him
,
held
him
by
the
hem
of
his
Garment
,
till
his
Servants
came
and
told
him
that
certain
Souldiers
were
come
to
kill
him
.
6.
M.
Brutus
having
rallied
the
remains
of
his
Army
against
Caesar
and
Antonius
,
two
Eagles
flew
,
one
from
one
Camp
,
and
the
other
from
the
other
,
and
encountring
one
another
,
the
Eagle
which
came
out
of
Brutus
Camp
being
worsted
,
fled
.
FORRAIGN
.
1.
Alexander
being
about
to
build
a
City
in
Egypt
,
Diocrates
the
Architect
for
want
of
Chalk
laid
out
the
streets
with
Meal
:
By
and
by
a
vast
number
of
Birds
from
the
next
Lake
,
devoured
the
Meal
;
of
which
the
Egyptian
Priests
made
this
Interpretation
,
That
that
City
should
in
time
afford
great
store
of
Provision
to
Strangers
.
2.
King
Dejotarus
,
who
was
very
prosperous
in
his
Actions
,
was
preserv'd
by
the
sight
of
an
Eagle
:
for
seeing
the
place
whence
she
came
out
,
he
would
by
no
means
go
in
there
;
and
the
house
fell
the
next
night
equal
with
the
ground
.
CHAP.
V.
Of
Omens
.
Which
the
ROMANS
took
.
-
1.
The
Fathers
Conscript
.
-
2.
M.
Furius
Camillus
Dictator
.
-
3.
L.
Aemilius
Paulus
Consul
.
-
4.
Caecilia
Metelli
.
-
5.
C.
Marius
in
Exile
.
-
6.
Cn.
Pompeius
Pro-Consul
.
-
7.
M.
Brutus
Pro-Consul
.
-
8.
C.
Cassius
Pro-Consul
.
-
9.
Q.
Petillius
Consul
.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
The
Prienians
.
-
2.
Apolloniates
.
THe
observation
of
Omens
is
founded
upon
a
certain
touch
of
Religion
,
as
depending
not
upon
any
fortuitous
Chance
,
but
upon
Divine
Providence
.
1.
Whereby
it
came
to
pass
,
that
when
the
City
was
destroyed
by
the
Gauls
,
and
the
Senate
was
consulting
whether
they
should
remove
to
Veii
,
or
rebuild
their
own
Walls
,
some
Cohorts
returning
from
Garrison
,
a
Centurion
crying
out
in
the
place
for
publick
Assemblies
to
his
Eagle-bearer
,
Fir
your
Ensigne
,
we
'll
stay
here
in
good
time
:
the
Senate
hearing
his
voice
,
took
it
for
a
good
Omen
,
and
left
off
their
designe
of
going
for
Veii
.
In
how
few
words
was
the
Domicil
of
the
future
Empire
of
the
World
designed
?
The
Gods
disdaining
that
the
Roman
Name
sprung
from
happy
Omens
,
should
change
its
Seat
,
or
that
the
glory
of
Victory
it self
should
lie
buried
in
the
Ruines
of
a
City
already
neer
decay'd
.
2.
The
Author
of
this
most
famous
Work
,
Camillus
,
while
he
was
praying
,
that
if
the
happiness
of
the
people
of
Rome
seemed
to
any
of
the
Gods
to
be
too
great
,
that
they
would
satisfie
their
Envy
by
any
mischief
done
to
himself
,
at
the
end
of
his
Prayer
suddenly
stumbling
sell
down
;
which
Omen
is
thought
to
have
related
to
the
Condemnation
which
he
afterwards
underwent
.
But
deservedly
did
Victory
and
the
Prayers
of
this
great
man
strive
together
for
praise
:
nor
was
the
strife
of
his
Vertue
less
,
that
he
increased
the
Good
fortune
of
his
Country
,
wishing
all
its
evil
fortune
might
fall
upon
his
own
head
.
3.
How
memorable
was
that
which
befel
L.
Paulus
the
Consul
!
who
being
by
lot
designed
to
make
War
with
Perseus
King
of
Macedon
,
in
his
return
to
his
house
met
his
youngest
Daughter
at
the
door
,
and
observing
her
to
look
something
sad
,
kiss'd
her
,
and
demanded
the
cause
of
her
discontent
;
who
answered
,
That
Persa
was
dead
:
that
was
the
name
of
a
little
Dog
which
she
highly
esteemed
,
which
di'd
a
little
before
.
Paulus
laid
hold
of
the
Omen
,
and
upon
a
fortuitous
saying
,
built
the
hopes
of
his
future
Triumphs
.
4.
But
Cecilia
the
Wise
of
Metellus
,
when
her
Sisters
Daughter
required
after
the
antient
custom
those
Nuptial-Rites
due
to
a
Virgin
of
ripe
years
,
gave
occasion
to
the
Omen
her self
:
for
the
Virgin
having
stain
in
a
certain
Chappel
for
that
purpose
,
and
hearing
no
body
speak
to
her
minde
,
wearied
with
long
standing
,
she
desired
of
her
Aunt
to
let
her
have
some
place
to
fit
down
;
to
whom
her
Aunt
repli'd
,
I
freely
give
thee
my
Seat
:
Which
saying
proceeding
out
of
Kindness
,
prov'd
ominous
in
the
Event
,
for
not
long
after
Cecilia
dying
,
Metellus
married
the
Virgin
of
whom
we
speak
.
5.
The
observation
of
Omens
was
certainly
the
preservation
of
Caius
Marius
,
at
what
time
he
was
adjudged
an
Enemy
by
the
Senate
,
lying
at
the
house
of
one
Fannia
at
Minturnae
for
his
security
:
For
he
observed
an
Ass-colt
when
he
gave
him
Meat
,
that
neglecting
that
,
he
ran
still
to
the
water
.
At
which
sight
thinking
that
what
was
now
offered
by
the
Providence
of
the
Gods
,
was
to
be
followed
,
being
himselt
otherwise
very
skilful
in
Religious
Interpretations
,
he
desired
of
the
Multitude
that
came
to
his
aid
,
that
he
might
be
conducted
to
the
Sea
:
and
so
getting
aboard
a
little
Ship
,
he
sailed
into
Africk
,
and
so
avoided
the
Victorious
Arms
of
Sylla
.
6.
Pompey
the
Great
at
the
Battel
of
Pharsalia
being
overthrown
by
Caesar
,
and
seeking
to
save
himself
by
flight
,
directed
his
Course
to
the
Island
of
Cyprus
,
to
gather
more
Forces
there
;
and
approaching
the
City
of
Paphos
,
and
viewing
a
stately
Edifice
,
he
asked
the
Pilot
the
name
of
it
;
who
answering
,
That
it
was
called
Kings
Evil
,
presently
lost
all
that
little
hope
which
he
had
remaining
:
nor
could
he
dissemble
it
;
turning
his
head
another
way
,
and
weeping
,
betray'd
the
grief
which
he
conceived
from
so
dire
an
Omen
.
7.
To
M.
Brutus
an
Event
befitting
the
Murther
which
he
had
committed
,
was
designed
him
by
an
Omen
:
For
after
that
wicked
deed
,
as
he
was
celebrating
his
Brith-day
,
and
studying
for
some
convenient
Greek
Verse
,
by
accident
he
pitched
upon
one
in
Hom.
Me
cruel
Fate
and
Son
of
fair
Latona
slew
.
Which
God
being
by
Caesar
and
Antonius
given
for
the
Signe
,
seemed
as
it
were
to
be
the
occasion
of
his
overthrow
.
8.
With
such
a
strange
Ejaculation
,
the
Fortune
of
Cassius
amazed
his
ears
,
who
when
the
Rhodians
begg'd
of
him
that
they
might
not
be
deprived
of
all
the
Images
of
the
Gods
,
made
answer
,
That
he
had
left
the
Sun
:
for
having
lost
the
Field
in
Macedon
,
he
was
not
onely
forced
to
leave
the
Effigies
of
the
Sun
,
which
he
had
granted
them
as
suppliants
,
but
also
the
Sun
it self
.
9.
Worthy
of
remark
is
that
Omen
under
which
Petillius
fell
in
the
Ligurian
War
:
for
being
to
assail
a
Mountain
that
was
called
Letho
,
he
boasted
in
his
Exhortation
to
his
Souldiers
,
saying
,
This
day
I
will
take
Lethum
or
Hell
:
And
fighting
inconsiderately
,
confirmed
by
his
death
the
truth
of
his
fortuitous
Speech
.
FORRAIGN
.
1.
To
our
own
,
we
may
adde
two
Forraign
Examples
of
the
same
nature
.
The
Samians
when
the
Prienenses
sent
to
them
for
aid
against
the
Carians
,
instead
of
Ships
and
Men
,
puffed
with
Arrogance
,
sent
them
a
little
Skiff
;
which
the
Samians
interpreting
as
an
Aid
sent
from
Heaven
,
willingly
received
,
and
by
a
true
Prediction
of
the
Fates
,
found
her
to
be
the
Captain
of
the
Victory
.
2.
Nor
did
the
Apolloniates
repent
;
for
being
press'd
by
the
Illyrian
War
,
and
craving
aid
of
the
Epidamnians
,
they
answered
,
That
they
would
lend
the
River
Aeas
,
running
by
the
Walls
,
to
their
assistance
.
They
replied
,
We
accept
your
Gift
:
and
so
gave
the
River
the
first
place
in
the
Army
,
as
to
their
Captain
.
After
which
having
unexpectedly
vanquish'd
their
Enemies
,
attributing
the
success
to
the
accepting
the
Omen
,
thenceforward
they
sacrificed
to
Aeas
as
a
God
,
and
made
him
their
Captain
in
all
their
Battels
.
CHAP.
VI.
Of
Prodigies
.
Which
fell
out
among
The
ROMANS
.
-
1.
To
Servius
Tullius
.
-
2.
Lucius
Marcius
Centurion
.
-
3.
People
of
Rome
and
Veientines
.
-
4.
L.
Sulla
Pro-Consul
.
-
5.
The
people
of
Rome
at
divers
times
.
-
6.
C.
Flaminius
Consul
.
-
7.
C.
Hostilius
Mancinus
.
-
8.
T.
Gracchus
Pro-Consul
.
-
9.
M.
Claudius
Marcellus
Consul
.
-
10.
Cn.
Octavius
.
-
11.
M.
Licinius
Crassus
,
Pro-Consul
.
-
12.
Cn.
Pompey
the
Great
.
-
13.
Julius
Caesar
Dictator
.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
Xerxes
King
of
Persia
.
-
2.
Midas
King
of
Phrygia
,
an
Infant
.
-
3.
Plato
the
Philosopher
,
an
Infant
.
OF
Prodigies
also
,
whether
prosperous
or
unluckly
,
it
is
no
way
from
our
purpose
to
discourse
.
1.
While
Servius
Tullius
was
an
Infant
and
asleep
,
his
Attendants
beheld
a
flame
upon
his
head
;
which
Prodigy
Tanaquil
the
Wise
of
Tarquinius
Priscus
admiring
,
she
brought
up
Servius
,
who
was
the
Son
of
a
Servant
,
instead
of
her
own
Son
,
and
advanced
him
to
the
Throne
.
2.
Equal
happiness
in
Event
did
that
flame
promise
which
blaz'd
upon
the
head
of
Lucius
Marcius
,
Captain
of
the
two
Armies
,
which
the
deaths
of
P.
and
Cn.
Scipio's
had
much
weakned
in
Spain
,
while
he
was
speaking
to
his
Souldiers
:
for
upon
the
sight
of
that
,
the
Souldiers
before
fearful
,
now
encouraged
to
recover
their
wonted
Fortitude
,
with
the
slaughter
of
38000
men
,
and
a
great
number
of
Prisoners
,
they
took
two
Camps
of
the
Carthaginians
crammed
with
spoil
.
3.
Also
when
after
a
long
and
sharp
War
the
Veii
could
not
be
taken
,
though
besieg'd
within
their
own
Walls
,
and
that
the
delay
was
no
less
terrible
to
the
besiegers
than
the
besieged
,
the
Gods
themselves
open'd
the
way
to
an
unexpected
Victory
:
for
on
a
sudden
the
Lake
Albanus
,
neither
augmented
by
any
showers
,
nor
assisted
by
the
inundation
of
any
other
Stream
,
rose
far
above
its
usual
hight
.
To
know
the
reason
whereof
,
Messengers
were
sent
to
the
Oracle
at
Delphos
,
who
brought
for
answer
,
That
they
should
let
the
waters
that
over
swelled
the
Lake
into
the
Fields
:
For
so
the
Veii
would
come
into
the
power
of
the
Romans
.
Which
before
the
Messengers
could
bring
back
,
a
Southsayer
of
the
Veii
,
taken
by
one
of
our
Souldiers
and
brought
into
the
Camp
,
had
also
declared
;
so
that
the
Senate
double
admonished
,
both
obey'd
the
Gods
,
and
got
possession
of
the
City
.
4.
Nor
was
this
which
follows
an
Omen
of
bad
success
:
Lucius
Sulla
Pro-Consul
in
the
Confederate
War
,
while
he
was
sacrificing
before
the
Pretorium
in
the
Country
of
Nolas
,
on
a
sudden
beheld
a
Snake
glide
from
the
lower
part
of
the
Altar
;
at
the
sight
whereof
,
by
the
advice
of
Posthumus
the
Southsayer
,
he
led
forth
his
Army
,
and
got
the
strong
Camp
of
the
Samnites
:
which
Victory
was
the
first
foundation
and
step
to
his
future
greatness
.
5.
Chiefly
to
be
admired
are
those
Prodigies
which
hapned
in
our
City
,
P.
Volumnius
and
Ser.
Sulpitius
being
Consule
.
An
Ox
his
Lowing
being
chang'd
into
Humane
Speech
,
exercised
the
minds
of
all
people
with
the
strangeness
of
the
Accident
.
Little
pieces
of
Flesh
also
fell
like
showers
of
Rain
from
the
Sky
,
of
which
a
great
part
was
d●voured
by
the
Birds
;
the
r●st
lay
many
days
upon
the
ground
,
neither
offensive
to
the
smell
,
nor
irksome
to
the
sight
.
At
the
beginning
of
another
Tumult
,
Monster●
of
the
same
nature
were
to
be
seen
.
A
Childe
of
half
a
year
old
in
the
Cow-market
,
proclaimed
a
Triumph
.
Another
Childe
was
born
with
an
Elephants
head
.
In
Picenum
it
rain'd
Stones
.
In
Gaul
a
Woolf
came
and
took
a
Sword
out
of
the
Centinels
Scabbard
.
Bloody
Ears
of
Corn
dropt
among
the
Sheaves
,
as
men
were
reaping
neer
Antium
.
The
Waters
of
Cerite
were
mix'd
with
Bloud
.
And
before
the
second
Punick
.
War
,
an
Ox
was
heard
to
speak
,
Look
to
thy self
.
O
Rome
.
6.
Cains
Flaminius
being
inauspiciously
made
Conf●l
,
when
he
was
preparing
to
fight
with
Hannibal
at
the
Lake
of
Thrasymene
,
commanded
the
Ensignes
to
be
taken
up
,
when
immediately
his
Horse
stumbling
,
he
was
thrown
to
the
ground
and
pitched
upon
his
head
:
and
nothing
regarding
this
Prodigy
,
when
the
Ensigne-bearers
told
him
they
could
not
stir
the
En●●●nes
,
threatned
to
punish
um
if
they
did
not
dig
um
〈…〉
But
of
this
rashness
of
his
,
would
onely
he
●●●elf
,
and
not
whole
people
of
Rome
had
felt
〈…〉
●●●leful
success
:
for
in
that
Battel
15000
Romans
〈◊〉
slain
,
6000
taken
,
and
20000
put
to
flight
.
The
〈◊〉
●●●ss
body
of
the
Consul
,
Hannibal
sought
for
,
to
have
buried
it
,
who
had
done
what
in
him
lay
to
bury
the
Roman
Empire
.
7.
The
headlong
obstinacy
of
Caius
Flaminius
,
C.
Hostilius
Mancinus
followed
with
a
vain
obstinacy
,
to
whom
these
Prodigies
hapned
as
he
was
going
Consul
for
Spain
.
Being
resolv'd
to
sacrifice
at
Lavinium
,
the
Pullets
being
let
out
of
the
Bin
,
flew
to
the
neighbouring
Wood
,
and
though
sought
for
with
all
diligence
imaginable
,
could
never
be
found
:
And
when
he
was
about
to
go
abroad
in
the
Port
of
Hercules
,
whither
he
went
afoot
,
he
heard
a
strange
Voice
,
crying
,
Stay
,
Mancinus
:
With
which
affrighted
,
and
in
his
return
putting
into
Genoa
,
and
there
going
aboard
a
little
Boat
,
a
Snake
of
a
prodigious
bigness
appeared
,
and
suddenly
vanished
out
of
sight
.
Which
three
Prodigies
he
equalled
with
the
number
of
Calamities
which
befell
him
;
an
unfortunate
Battel
,
a
shameful
Truce
,
and
a
most
dismal
Surrender
.
8.
The
sad
Event
of
Gracchus
,
a
most
dangerous
Citizen
,
who
being
an
inconsiderate
person
,
and
being
forewarn'd
,
would
take
no
advice
or
counsel
,
makes
his
rashness
less
to
be
wondered
at
:
For
when
being
Pro-Consul
,
he
was
sacrificing
among
the
Lucans
,
two
Snakes
on
a
sudden
creeping
out
of
some
hidden
place
,
having
eaten
the
Liver
of
the
Beast
which
he
had
sacrificed
,
retir'd
to
their
lurking
holes
.
And
whereas
by
reason
of
this
accident
the
Sacrifice
was
renew'd
,
the
same
Prodigy
happen'd
again
.
The
third
Sacrifice
being
slain
,
and
the
Entrails
more
diligently
lookt
to
,
neither
could
the
Serpents
be
driven
away
when
they
came
,
nor
be
hinder'd
in
their
flight
;
which
though
as
the
Southsayers
affirm'd
,
it
signified
that
the
General
was
to
be
careful
of
his
own
safety
,
yet
was
not
Gracchus
so
careful
,
but
that
by
the
treachery
of
Flavius
,
at
whose
house
he
lay
,
he
was
drawn
to
a
place
where
Mago
hid
himself
with
an
armed
power
,
who
slew
him
naked
and
without
defence
.
The
misfortune
of
the
Consuls
,
equal
Errour
,
and
an
end
not
differing
from
that
of
Titus
Gracchus
,
draws
me
to
the
memory
of
Marcellus
.
He
inflam'd
with
the
glory
of
having
taken
Syracuse
,
and
first
of
any
driven
Hannibal
from
the
Walls
of
Nola
,
having
resolv'd
either
to
overthrow
the
Carthaginians
,
or
at
least
to
drive
um
out
of
Italy
;
and
to
that
end
purposing
with
a
most
solemn
Sacrifice
to
inquire
into
the
will
and
pleasure
of
the
Gods
;
The
first
Beast
that
was
slain
before
the
fire
,
the
Liver
was
found
without
a
head
;
the
next
had
a
Liver
with
a
double
head
:
which
being
view'd
,
the
Southsayer
with
a
sad
countenance
said
,
That
the
Entrails
did
not
please
him
:
the
first
were
altogether
bad
,
the
second
were
not
so
good
.
Thus
Marcellus
being
admonish'd
not
to
do
any
thing
rashly
,
the
next
night
adventuring
to
go
out
with
a
few
men
to
view
the
Enemies
Camp
,
environ'd
by
a
multitude
of
his
Enemies
in
the
Country
of
the
Brutii
,
by
his
death
occasion'd
much
sorrow
and
detriment
to
his
Country
.
10.
As
for
Octavius
the
Consul
,
as
he
feared
a
most
direful
Omen
,
so
he
could
not
avoid
it
;
for
finding
the
head
of
the
Image
of
Apollo
broken
,
and
so
pitch'd
in
the
ground
that
it
could
not
be
pull'd
up
,
being
at
that
time
in
Arms
against
his
Colleague
Cinna
,
he
from
thence
prognosticated
his
own
ruine
;
in
the
midst
of
which
fear
he
came
to
a
sad
end
,
and
then
the
fix'd
head
of
the
Image
was
easily
set
in
its
place
.
11.
Nor
must
we
pass
over
in
silence
Marcus
Crassus
,
who
is
to
be
reckon'd
one
of
the
greatest
losses
of
our
Empire
,
who
was
warn'd
by
many
and
most
remarkable
blows
of
Fate
,
before
so
great
a
ruine
.
As
he
was
drawing
his
Army
out
of
Carrae
against
the
Parthians
,
he
had
a
mourning
Garment
brought
him
;
whereas
they
should
have
brought
him
either
a
white
or
a
purple
Robe
,
when
he
was
going
to
battle
.
The
Souldiers
march'd
sad
and
silent
to
their
places
,
whereas
they
were
wont
to
run
with
loud
acclamations
:
One
of
the
Eagles
could
scarcely
be
pull'd
up
out
of
the
ground
;
the
other
being
pull'd
up
,
turn'd
it self
the
quite
contrary
way
to
which
it
ought
to
have
been
carried
.
These
Prodigies
were
very
great
,
but
the
Calamities
of
the
overthrow
were
far
greater
;
the
slaughter
of
so
many
fair
Legions
,
so
many
Ensignes
,
so
much
of
the
glory
and
beauty
of
the
Roman
Militia
trodden
to
the
ground
by
the
Horse-men
of
the
Barbarians
,
hopeful
Young
men
besprinkled
with
the
bloud
of
their
Parents
,
and
the
body
of
their
Commander
among
the
promiscuous
heaps
of
the
Slain
,
thrown
a
common
Prey
to
the
Fowls
of
the
air
.
I
wish
I
could
speak
what
were
more
delightful
;
I
relate
the
truth
.
Thus
the
Gods
contemn'd
,
become
furious
in
their
Anger
;
thus
the
Counsels
of
men
are
chastized
,
when
they
think
to
outbrave
Celestial
Admonishments
.
12.
For
the
mighty
Jove
had
abundantly
warn'd
Cn.
Pompey
,
that
he
should
not
try
the
utmost
hazard
of
War
with
Caesar
,
casting
his
Lightning
full
in
the
faces
of
his
Battalions
marching
from
Dyrrachium
,
covering
his
Ensigns
with
swarms
of
Bees
,
affrighting
his
whole
Army
with
Nocturnal
Terrours
,
and
the
flight
of
the
Sacrifices
from
the
Altars
:
But
the
Laws
of
invincible
necessity
would
not
suffer
a
mind
,
otherwise
remote
enough
from
folly
,
to
weigh
those
Prodigies
with
a
due
consideration
.
And
therefore
while
he
extols
his
large
Power
,
his
Wealth
above
private
use
,
and
all
those
Ornaments
which
from
his
Youth
he
had
contracted
even
to
Envy
,
in
the
space
of
one
day
he
lost
um
all
.
In
the
Temples
of
the
Gods
,
the
Statues
turn'd
of
themselves
.
Such
a
noise
of
men
shouting
,
such
clattering
of
Arms
,
was
heard
at
Antiochia
and
Ptolemais
,
that
the
Souldiers
ran
to
the
Walls
:
Such
a
noise
of
Drums
in
the
most
secret
places
of
Pergamus
:
in
the
Temple
of
Victory
a
Palm
suddenly
sprang
up
under
the
Statue
of
Caesar
,
in
the
Pavement
between
the
Stones
.
Whereby
it
is
plain
that
the
Gods
did
favour
Caesar
,
and
fain
would
have
recover'd
Pompey
o●t
of
his
Errour
.
13.
To
thy
Altars
and
most
Holy
Temples
I
address
my self
,
most
Divine
Julius
,
that
thou
would'sr
savourably
suffer
the
falls
of
so
many
great
men
to
lie
hid
under
the
defence
and
tuition
of
thy
Example
:
for
we
read
that
thou
,
the
same
day
thou
sa●'st
in
the
Golden
Seat
clothed
with
Purple
,
that
thou
might'st
not
seem
to
have
despised
the
honours
which
the
Senate
had
with
so
much
diligence
designed
,
and
with
so
much
duty
offered
,
before
thou
would'st
publickly
shew
thy
wish'd-for
presence
to
the
people
,
didst
spend
some
time
in
that
religious
worship
which
was
shortly
to
be
given
to
thee
;
and
offering
a
far
Ox
which
wanted
a
heart
,
the
Southsayer
told
thee
,
the
Omen
concern'd
thy
life
,
and
care
of
thy
own
preservation
:
Then
was
that
M●rther
committed
by
those
persons
,
who
while
they
sought
to
ravish
thee
from
the
number
of
Men
,
translated
thee
to
the
number
of
the
Gods
.
FORRAIGN
.
Let
us
conclude
the
Domestick
Relation
of
such
Prodigies
with
this
Example
,
left
by
dilating
farther
upon
those
of
the
Romans
,
I
should
seem
to
transfer
disagreeing
Customs
from
the
Temples
of
the
Gods
to
private
Habitations
:
I
shall
therefore
touch
upon
Forraign
Presidents
,
which
being
related
in
Latine
,
as
they
are
of
less
authority
,
yet
they
bring
with
them
something
of
a
grateful
variety
.
1.
In
the
Army
of
Xerxes
which
he
had
amassed
up
against
Greece
,
a
Mare
is
said
to
have
brought
forth
a
Hare
,
before
the
Army
had
yet
pass'd
the
Mountain
Athos
:
by
which
kind
of
monstrous
birth
,
the
event
of
such
vast
preparations
was
plainly
shewed
:
For
he
that
had
covered
the
Sea
with
his
Fleets
,
the
Land
with
his
Armies
,
was
forc'd
,
like
the
most
timorous
Animal
,
with
shameful
flight
to
recover
his
own
Kingdom
.
Before
he
had
ruin'd
Athens
,
while
he
was
advising
how
to
invade
Lacedaemon
,
a
most
wonderful
Prodigy
hapned
while
he
was
at
supper
:
For
the
Wine
being
poured
forth
into
the
Cup
,
more
than
once
,
twice
,
or
thrice
,
nay
a
sourth
time
,
was
changed
into
Blood
.
Whereupon
the
Magi
being
consulted
,
advised
him
to
desist
from
his
purpose
.
And
had
he
had
the
least
foo●●●p
of
Reason
in
his
vain
breast
,
he
might
have
prevented
his
ruine
,
being
so
often
warn'd
to
take
heed
of
Leenidas
and
the
Spartans
.
2.
While
Midas
,
to
whose
Scepter
all
Phrygia
once
was
subject
,
was
a
child
,
a
company
of
Ants
laid
a
heap
of
Wheat
in
his
mouth
as
he
lay
asleep
.
His
Parents
desiring
to
know
what
the
meaning
of
the
Prodigy
should
be
,
the
Augurs
answered
,
That
he
should
be
the
richest
of
all
men
:
Nor
was
the
Prediction
vain
;
for
Midas
exceeded
all
the
Princes
of
his
time
,
in
plenty
of
Gold
and
Silver
.
3.
I
should
have
by
right
and
deservedly
preferr'd
Plato's
Bees
before
Midas's
Emmets
;
for
they
were
onely
Prognostications
of
frail
and
fading
,
these
of
solid
and
eternal
Felicity
;
while
they
brought
Honey
and
laid
it
upon
the
lips
of
the
little
Infant
,
sleeping
in
his
Cradle
.
Which
thing
being
reported
,
the
Interpreters
of
Prodigies
declared
,
That
a
most
singular
grace
of
Vtterance
should
hereafter
drop
from
his
mouth
.
But
to
me
those
Bees
,
not
bred
upon
Hymettus
cover'd
with
fragrant
flowers
of
Thyme
,
but
on
the
verdant
Heliconian
Hills
of
the
Muses
,
flourishing
with
all
sorts
of
learning
,
seem'd
to
distil
into
his
mouth
the
sweetest
nourishment
of
Eloquence
.
CHAP.
VII
.
Of
Dreams
.
Of
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Artorius
Physician
to
Augustus
.
-
2.
Calpurnia
.
-
3.
P.
Decii
,
T.
Manlii
Consul
.
-
4.
Of
T.
Atinius
.
-
5.
Cicero
in
Exile
.
-
6.
C.
Sempronius
Gracchus
.
-
7.
Cassius
Parmensis
.
-
8.
Arterius
Rufus
a
Roman
Knight
.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
Annibal
.
-
2.
Alexander
.
-
3.
Simonides
.
-
4.
Croesus
.
-
5.
Cyrus
.
-
6.
Himera
.
-
7.
The
Mother
of
Dion
.
Tyrant
.
-
8.
Amilcar
.
-
9.
Alcibiades
.
-
10.
An
Arcadian
.
NOw
because
I
have
touched
upon
the
Riches
of
Midas
,
and
the
Eloquence
of
Plato
,
I
will
shew
you
how
the
quiet
and
safety
of
many
men
has
been
shadowed
out
under
several
representations
.
1.
And
where
shall
I
sooner
begin
,
than
from
the
most
sacred
memory
of
Divine
Augustus
?
His
Physician
Artorius
being
asleep
,
the
night
before
the
day
wherein
the
Romans
fought
one
against
the
other
in
the
fields
of
Philippi
,
the
appearance
of
Minerva
admonish'd
him
to
warn
Augustus
,
then
lying
very
ill
,
that
not
withstanding
his
sickness
he
should
not
abstain
from
the
Battel
:
Which
Caesar
hearing
,
caus'd
himself
to
be
carried
in
a
Litter
into
the
Field
,
where
,
while
be
laboured
above
his
strength
for
the
Victory
,
his
Camp
was
taken
by
Brutus
.
What
other
can
we
think
then
,
but
the
Divine
Benevolence
so
ordain'd
it
,
that
a
personage
destined
to
immortality
,
should
not
be
subject
to
a
Fate
unworthy
his
Divinity
?
2.
Nor
was
it
onely
the
Dream
of
Artorius
that
gave
warning
to
Augustus
,
who
had
a
natural
perspicacity
and
vigour
to
judge
of
every
thing
,
as
a
fresh
and
domestick
President
:
For
he
had
heard
that
Calpurnia
the
Wise
of
his
Parent
Julius
,
the
last
night
that
he
lived
upon
earth
,
dream'd
that
she
saw
her
Husband
lie
stabbed
and
bleeding
in
her
bosom
;
and
being
affrighted
with
the
strangeness
of
the
Dream
,
was
an
earnest
suiter
to
him
to
abstain
from
going
to
the
Senate
the
next
day
:
but
he
,
lest
he
should
have
been
thought
to
have
been
mov'd
with
a
womans
dream
,
went
the
rather
to
the
Senate-house
,
where
the
Murtherers
quickly
laid
violent
hands
upon
him
.
It
is
not
needful
to
make
any
comparison
between
the
Father
and
the
Son
,
both
equal
in
their
Divinity
:
for
the
one
had
made
way
for
himself
to
Heaven
by
his
own
works
,
the
other
was
to
let
the
world
enjoy
his
Vertues
a
long
time
.
Therefore
the
Gods
were
onely
willing
that
the
first
should
know
the
approaching
change
,
which
the
other
was
to
defer
;
it
being
enough
that
one
Honour
should
be
given
to
Heaven
,
and
another
promised
.
3.
Admirable
also
was
that
Dream
,
and
famous
in
the
Event
,
which
the
two
Consuls
Decius
Mus
,
and
Manlius
Torquatus
dream'd
,
when
they
lay
incamped
not
far
from
the
foot
of
the
Mountain
Vesuvius
,
at
the
time
of
the
Latin
War
,
which
was
very
sharp
and
dangerous
:
For
a
certain
person
foretold
to
both
of
them
,
that
the
Manes
and
Terra
Mater
claim'd
as
their
due
the
General
of
one
side
,
and
the
whole
Army
on
the
other
:
But
that
which
Captain
soever
should
assail
the
forces
of
the
Enemy
,
and
devote
himself
a
Victim
for
the
good
of
his
Army
,
should
obtain
the
Victory
.
This
the
Entrails
of
the
Sacrifices
confirmed
the
next
morning
to
both
Consuls
,
who
endeavoured
either
to
expiate
the
misfortune
,
if
it
might
be
averted
,
or
else
resolv'd
to
undergo
the
determination
of
the
Gods
.
Therefore
they
agreed
,
that
which
Wing
should
begin
to
faint
,
the
other
should
with
his
own
life
appease
the
Fates
,
which
while
both
undauntedly
ventured
to
perform
,
Decius
hapned
to
be
the
person
whom
the
Gods
required
.
4.
The
Dream
which
follows
,
seems
to
concern
publick
Religion
.
A
certain
Master
o●
a
Family
having
caused
his
Servant
to
be
whipped
,
and
brought
him
to
the
punishment
of
the
Fork
in
the
Flaminian
Circus
,
at
the
time
of
the
Plebe●an
Plays
,
a
little
before
the
Show
was
about
to
begin
,
Jupiter
,
in
a
Dream
,
commanded
Titus
Atinius
,
one
of
the
Vulgar
,
to
tell
the
Consuls
,
That
he
that
bad
danc'd
before
the
last
Circensian
Games
,
did
no
way
please
him
;
and
that
unless
the
fault
were
expiated
by
an
exact
restoration
of
the
Plays
,
there
would
ensue
not
a
little
vexation
and
trouble
to
the
City
.
He
fearing
to
involve
the
Common-wealth
by
Religion
to
his
own
disadvantage
,
held
his
peace
.
Immediately
his
Son
,
taken
with
a
sudden
fit
of
sickness
,
died
.
Afterwards
being
ask●d
by
the
same
God
in
his
sleep
,
Whether
he
thought
himself
punished
enough
for
the
neglect
of
hit
Command
?
yet
remaining
obstinate
,
was
strucken
with
a
general
weakness
of
body
:
At
length
,
by
the
advice
of
his
friends
,
being
carried
in
a
Horse-litter
to
the
Consuls
Tribunal
,
having
fully
declared
the
cause
of
his
misfortunes
,
to
the
admiration
of
all
men
recovering
his
former
strength
,
he
walked
afoot
to
his
house
.
5.
Nor
must
we
pass
over
in
silence
,
that
when
M.
Cicero
was
banished
the
City
,
by
the
Conspiracy
of
his
Enemies
,
He
diverting
himself
in
a
certain
Village
in
the
Country
of
Atinate
,
and
falling
asleep
in
the
field
,
as
he
thought
himself
wandring
through
strange
places
and
uncouth
Regions
,
he
thought
he
met
C.
Marius
in
his
Consuls
Robes
,
who
asked
him
,
What
he
made
there
wandring
with
so
sad
a
Countenance
?
Whereupon
Cicero
making
his
condition
known
to
him
,
the
Consul
took
him
by
the
right
hand
and
delivered
him
to
the
next
Lictor
,
to
conduct
him
to
his
own
Monument
,
telling
him
,
That
there
there
was
a
more
joyful
hope
of
his
better
condition
laid
up
for
him
.
Nor
did
i●
otherwise
fall
out
;
for
the
Senate
made
a
Decree
for
his
return
in
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
built
by
Marius
.
6.
But
C.
Gracchus
was
most
openly
and
apparently
foretold
,
in
a
Dream
,
the
mischief
of
an
approaching
mischance
:
for
being
asleep
,
he
saw
the
shape
of
his
Brother
Titus
,
who
told
him
,
There
was
no
way
for
him
to
avoid
the
same
Fate
which
he
had
undergone
,
when
he
was
driven
out
of
the
Capitol
.
This
many
related
from
the
mouth
of
Gracchus
himself
,
before
he
had
undertak●n
the
Tribuneship
,
wherein
he
perish'd
.
And
one
Caelius
a
Roman
Historian
,
said
,
He
had
heard
much
talk
thereof
while
Gracchus
was
living
.
7.
But
that
which
follows
,
far
exceeds
the
dire
Aspect
of
the
foregoing
Narration
.
Antonius
having
lost
the
Battel
of
Actium
,
Cassius
Parmensis
,
who
had
taken
his
part
,
fled
to
Athens
;
where
he
fell
asleep
in
the
night
,
being
tired
with
care
and
trouble
:
He
thought
there
came
to
him
a
person
of
a
very
great
stature
,
black
Complexion
,
his
Beard
deformed
,
and
long
hanging
Hair
,
who
being
ask'd
what
he
was
,
answered
,
Cacodaemon
.
Being
affrighted
with
so
horrid
a
sight
,
and
terrible
a
name
,
he
called
up
his
Servants
,
and
demanded
of
them
if
they
saw
any
one
in
such
a
habit
,
either
come
in
or
go
out
of
the
Chamber
:
Who
affirming
that
no
such
had
come
there
,
he
again
betook
himself
to
his
r●st
;
when
immediately
the
same
shape
appeared
to
him
again
;
where
awaking
altogether
,
he
called
for
a
light
,
commanding
the
Servants
to
depart
.
But
between
this
night
and
the
loss
of
his
head
,
which
Caesar
took
from
him
,
there
followed
a
very
short
space
of
time
.
8.
But
the
Dream
of
Aterius
Rusus
,
a
Roman
Knight
,
was
more
plainly
hinted
to
him
:
for
he
dream'd
one
night
,
at
a
time
when
th●re
was
a
great
F●ncing-prize
at
Syracuse
that
he
saw
himself
slain
▪
which
he
told
the
next
day
to
those
that
sate
by
him
in
the
Play-house
.
It
happened
afterwards
,
that
n●er
to
the
Knights
place
,
the
Net-player
was
introduced
with
the
Challenger
,
whose
face
when
he
saw
,
he
said
,
that
he
was
to
be
slain
by
the
Net-player
;
and
immediately
would
have
departed
.
They
endeavouring
by
discourse
to
put
away
his
fear
,
were
the
cause
of
the
destruction
of
this
miserable
man
.
For
the
Net-player
being
driven
thither
by
his
Antagonist
,
and
cast
upon
the
ground
,
as
he
lay
along
endeavouring
to
defend
himself
,
he
ran
Aterius
thorough
the
body
with
his
Sword
.
FORRAIGN
EXAMPLES
.
1.
The
Dream
also
of
Annibal
,
as
it
was
detestable
to
the
Roman
bloud
,
so
the
prediction
thereof
was
certain
,
whose
waking
not
onely
,
but
his
sleeping
was
fatal
to
our
Empire
.
He
had
a
Dream
apposite
to
his
purpose
,
and
fitted
to
his
wishes
:
for
he
fancied
a
young
man
of
humane
shape
,
taller
than
ordinary
,
was
sent
to
him
by
Jupiter
,
to
be
his
Guide
and
Conductor
in
his
Invasion
of
Italy
;
by
whose
command
at
first
he
followed
his
Foot-steps
,
without
casting
his
eyes
either
one
way
or
another
:
afterwards
,
our
of
the
eager
desire
in
mortals
to
do
what
is
forbidden
,
looking
behind
him
,
he
saw
a
Serpent
of
an
immense
magnitude
destroying
all
before
it
:
After
that
he
beheld
prodigious
showers
of
Hail
,
with
Thunder
and
dark
Clouds
.
Being
astonish'd
,
he
asked
,
What
that
Monster
meant
?
to
which
his
Conductor
,
Behold
,
said
he
,
the
waste
and
devastation
of
Italy
;
therefore
be
silent
,
and
commit
the
rest
to
Fate
.
2.
How
gently
was
Alexander
King
of
Macedon
warn'd
to
take
more
care
of
his
life
,
had
Fortune
advised
him
so
well
to
avoid
the
danger
!
for
he
knew
that
the
right
hand
of
Cassander
would
be
mortal
to
him
,
long
before
he
felt
it
by
the
event
:
for
he
believed
he
should
be
slain
by
him
,
although
he
had
never
seen
him
.
After
some
time
,
upon
sight
of
him
,
beholding
the
resemblance
of
his
nocturnal
fear
,
so
soon
as
he
sound
him
to
be
the
Son
of
Antipater
,
repeating
the
Greek
Verse
so
much
in
favour
of
the
credit
of
dreams
,
he
banish'd
from
his
thoughts
all
suspition
of
the
Poyson
prepared
for
him
as
was
publickly
believed
by
Cassander
.
3.
More
indulgent
were
the
Gods
to
the
Poet
Simonides
,
confirming
their
admonition
by
the
strength
of
repeated
advice
:
For
he
coming
ashore
and
finding
a
dead
body
of
a
man
,
buried
it
;
whereupon
he
was
by
the
same
body
admonished
,
that
he
should
not
set
sail
the
next
day
:
which
he
believing
,
staid
ashore
;
but
those
that
went
to
Sea
were
all
cast
away
.
He
was
not
a
little
glad
that
he
had
trusted
his
life
to
the
security
of
a
Dream
,
rather
than
to
the
mercy
of
the
Sea
:
And
being
mindful
of
the
benefit
receiv'd
,
eterniz'd
the
memory
of
the
person
in
a
living
Poem
,
raising
him
up
a
better
Sepulchre
in
the
memories
of
men
,
than
that
which
he
had
bestowed
upon
him
on
the
shore
.
4.
Of
great
Efficacy
also
was
that
apparition
to
Croesus
in
his
sleep
,
which
first
occasion'd
in
him
great
fear
,
afterwards
greater
grief
:
For
it
seemed
to
him
that
Atys
,
one
of
his
Sons
,
the
most
excellent
for
strength
of
Body
,
and
endowments
of
Mind
,
and
his
design'd
Successor
,
was
violently
murder'd
.
Thereupon
the
Young-man
,
though
he
were
usually
sent
to
the
Wars
,
was
kept
at
home
.
He
had
also
an
Armory
stor'd
with
all
sorts
of
Weapons
,
and
that
was
remov'd
from
him
.
He
had
Companions
that
us'd
to
go
armed
:
They
were
also
forbid
to
come
near
him
.
Yet
Necessity
gave
access
to
gri●f
.
For
there
being
a
Wild-Boar
,
of
an
incredible
bigness
,
that
wasted
the
till'd
fields
of
Mount
Olympus
,
and
kill'd
several
of
the
Countrey-people
,
and
the
Royal
aid
being
implored
,
the
Son
extorted
from
his
Father
leave
that
he
might
be
sent
to
deliver
the
people
from
their
Calamity
:
which
he
the
more
readily
granted
,
because
the
mischief
was
not
threatned
from
Teeth
,
●ut
from
Iron
.
But
while
every
one
was
intent
and
eag●r
in
killing
the
wild
beast
,
obstinate
Destiny
p●rsisting
in
her
intended
violence
,
directed
a
Spear
into
his
Body
,
which
was
intended
against
the
Boar
,
and
chose
particularly
that
the
right
hand
of
him
should
be
only
guilty
of
the
Murder
,
to
whose
charge
and
tuition
the
Father
had
chiefly
committed
his
Son
:
which
being
contaminated
with
the
blood
of
Chance-medley
,
fearing
his
Country-god
,
at
the
prayer
of
the
person
,
was
repurify'd
by
Sacrifice
.
5.
Neither
was
Cyrus
a
small
argument
of
the
inevitable
necessity
of
Fate
;
whose
Birth
,
to
which
the
Empire
of
all
Asia
was
promis'd
,
Astyages
his
Grandfather
by
the
Mothers
side
sought
in
vain
to
hinder
,
by
the
predictions
of
a
Dream
.
He
married
his
Daughter
Mandane
,
for
that
he
had
dreamt
that
she
had
overwhelm'd
all
the
Nations
of
Asia
with
her
Urine
,
not
to
one
of
the
Nobles
,
lest
the
Right
of
Dominion
might
fall
to
his
family
,
but
to
one
of
a
small
fortune
among
the
Persians
.
When
Cyrus
was
born
he
caus'd
him
to
be
expos'd
,
having
dreamt
that
a
Vine
growing
out
of
the
Secret
Parts
of
Mandane
,
should
cover
all
his
Dominions
.
But
he
was
frustrated
in
all
his
endeavours
and
humane
Counsels
,
not
being
able
to
hinder
the
felicity
of
his
Nephew
,
which
the
Gods
had
so
fully
determined
.
6.
While
Dionysius
of
Syracuse
liv'd
a
private
life
,
Himera
,
a
woman
of
no
mean
p●rentage
,
fancied
in
her
Sleep
●hat
she
ascended
into
Heaven
,
and
having
there
view'd
the
Seats
of
all
the
Gods
,
that
she
saw
a
strong
man
yellow-hair'd
,
scurfie
countenanced
,
bound
in
Iron
Chains
to
the
Throne
of
Jove
,
and
●ying
at
his
feet
:
and
asking
a
young
man
who
was
her
guide
the
meaning
th●reof
,
she
was
told
that
he
was
the
ill
fate
of
Sicily
and
Italy
;
and
when
his
chains
should
be
taken
off
,
many
Towns
would
be
ruin'd
:
which
Dream
she
declared
the
next
day
.
Afterwards
seeing
Dionysius
,
by
the
help
of
Fortune
,
an
enemy
to
the
Liberty
of
Syracuse
and
the
lives
of
the
Innocent
,
freed
from
his
Cel●stial
Chains
,
entring
the
Walls
of
the
Himeraei
,
she
cryed
out
,
This
was
he
that
she
had
seen
in
her
Dream
.
Which
being
related
to
Dionysius
,
he
caused
her
to
be
put
to
Death
.
7.
Safer
was
the
Dream
of
the
Mother
of
the
same
Dionysius
;
who
,
when
she
had
conceived
him
,
fancied
that
she
was
brought
to
bed
of
a
great
Satyr
:
and
consulting
the
Interpreter
of
Prodigies
,
she
understood
that
he
should
be
the
greatest
and
most
powerful
of
all
the
Greeks
of
his
time
.
8.
But
Amilcar
General
of
the
Carthaginians
,
while
he
was
besieging
Syracuse
,
thought
that
he
heard
a
voice
proclaiming
to
him
,
that
he
should
Sup
the
next
day
in
that
City
.
With
great
joy
,
as
if
victory
were
promis'd
him
from
Heaven
,
he
prepared
his
Army
for
the
Assault
;
at
which
time
dissention
arising
between
the
Carthaginians
and
Sicilians
,
the
Syracusans
sallied
out
,
took
his
Camp
,
and
brought
him
bound
into
the
City
.
Thus
deluded
by
his
Hope
,
not
his
Dream
,
he
supp'd
a
Captive
in
Syracuse
,
not
,
as
he
had
conceiv'd
,
a
Victor
.
9.
Alcibiades
also
beheld
his
lamentable
end
in
a
Dream
,
no
way
fallacious
.
For
being
slain
and
unburied
,
he
was
covered
with
the
same
Apparel
of
his
Concubines
,
which
he
had
seen
himself
cloathed
in
,
in
his
Sleep
.
10.
The
following
Dream
,
for
its
manifelf
certainty
,
though
somewhat
longer
,
craves
not
to
be
omitted
.
Two
familiar
Arcadians
travailing
together
came
to
Megara
;
one
of
which
went
to
lye
at
his
Friends
house
,
the
other
at
a
common
Inne
.
He
that
lay
at
his
Friends
house
dreamt
,
that
he
heard
his
companion
intreating
his
help
,
for
that
he
was
abused
by
the
Innkeeper
,
which
he
might
prevent
by
his
speedy
presence
.
Leaping
out
of
his
Bed
,
he
endeavoured
to
finde
the
Inne
where
his
friend
lay
.
But
Fate
condemning
his
humane
purpose
as
needless
,
and
believing
what
he
had
heard
to
be
but
a
Dream
,
he
went
to
Bed
again
and
to
sleep
.
Then
the
same
person
came
wounded
and
beseech'd
,
that
since
he
had
neglected
to
assist
him
in
his
life-time
,
he
would
not
delay
to
revenge
his
Death
;
for
that
his
body
slain
by
the
Inne-keeper
,
was
carrying
out
at
the
Gate
in
a
Cart
,
cover'd
with
Dung
.
His
friend
,
mov'd
by
his
Prayers
,
made
haste
to
the
Gate
,
and
stopt
the
Cart
which
was
described
to
him
in
his
sleep
,
apprehended
the
Inne-keeper
,
and
brought
him
to
condign
punishment
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
Miracles
.
Among
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Castor
seen
in
the
Latin
and
Persian
Wars
.
-
2.
Esculapius
appearing
in
the
shape
of
a
Serpent
.
-
3.
Words
spoken
by
Juno
Moneta
.
-
4.
Words
spoken
by
female
Fortune
.
-
5.
Words
spoken
by
a
Sylvan
in
the
war
of
the
Veii
.
-
6.
Mars
seen
in
the
Lucan
War
.
-
7.
Penates
returning
from
A
ba
to
Lavinium
of
their
own
accord
.
-
8.
Julius
Caesar
seen
after
his
death
.
-
9.
The
Sepulchre
of
Pompey
miraculously
found
.
-
10.
The
Death
of
Appius
Claudius
,
Pro-Consul
,
foretold
by
a
Miracle
.
-
11.
The
Scepter
of
Romulus
and
Statues
preserved
from
fire
.
-
12.
Men
brought
to
their
graves
revive
.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
Erus
Pamphilius
reviving
after
ten
daies
.
-
2.
An
Athenian
deprived
of
his
Memory
.
-
3.
A
Woman
suddenly
struck
dumb
.
-
4.
Egles
the
Samian
dumb
suddenly
,
rec●vering
his
Speech
.
-
5.
Gordias
the
Epirote
born
after
the
death
of
his
Mother
.
-
6.
Jason
Pheraeus
cured
of
an
Impostume
.
-
7.
Simonides
the
Poet
escaped
the
fall
of
a
house
.
-
8.
The
death
of
Daphidas
the
Sophister
foretold
by
the
Oracle
.
-
9.
The
death
of
Philip
King
of
Macedom
foretold
.
-
10.
The
death
of
Alexander
miraculously
foretold
.
-
11.
The
chance
of
a
Rower
.
-
12.
The
strange
Teeth
of
King
Prusias
his
Son
.
-
13.
Drypetine
daughter
to
Mithridates
born
with
a
double
order
of
Teeth
.
-
14.
The
accurate
Sight
of
Strabo
Lynceus
.
-
15.
The
hairy
Heart
of
Aristomedes
the
Messenian
.
-
16.
The
annual
Fever
of
Antipater
the
Poet.
-
17.
The
equality
of
Polystratus
and
Hippoclides
in
fortune
.
-
18.
Miracles
of
Nature
.
-
19.
The
Serpent
of
Regulus
.
MAny
Accidents
also
happen
to
men
awake
,
and
by
day
,
as
well
as
those
which
are
involved
in
the
clouds
of
darkness
and
dreams
;
which
because
it
is
hard
to
understand
whence
they
proceed
,
or
upon
what
reason
grounded
,
are
deservedly
called
Miracles
.
1.
Among
the
great
multitude
whereof
,
this
first
occurs
.
When
Aulus
Posthumius
Dictator
and
Manilius
Octavius
Captain
of
the
Tuscans
were
in
fight
with
great
forces
on
both
sides
,
at
the
Lake
Regilius
,
and
that
for
some
time
neither
Party
gave
ground
;
Castor
and
Pollux
taking
the
Romans
side
,
overthrow
the
forces
of
the
Enemy
.
Also
in
the
Macedonian
War
,
P.
Vatinius
a
Magistrate
of
Reate
returning
toward
the
City
by
Night
,
thought
he
met
two
beautiful
Men
sitting
upon
white
Horses
,
who
told
him
,
that
the
day
before
Perseus
was
taken
by
Aemilius
.
Which
when
he
related
to
the
Senate
,
he
was
by
them
committed
to
Prison
,
as
a
contemner
of
their
Majesty
and
Power
.
But
afterwards
,
when
they
understood
by
the
Letters
from
Paulus
that
Perseus
was
taken
the
same
day
,
he
was
not
only
delivered
out
of
custody
,
but
honoured
with
a
gift
of
Land
,
and
vacancy
from
bearing
Office
.
It
was
also
farth●r
found
,
that
Castor
and
Pollux
did
watch
o●er
the
safety
of
the
Common-wealth
,
and
travail'd
hard
for
the
good
of
the
same
,
for
that
they
were
s●en
to
wash
themselves
and
their
ho●ses
in
the
Lake
of
Juturna
,
and
their
Temple
adjoyning
to
the
Fountain
open'd
of
it self
,
nor
being
unlockt
by
the
hand
of
any
person
.
2.
But
then
we
may
relate
how
favourable
the
rest
of
the
Gods
were
to
our
City
.
For
when
our
City
was
visited
with
a
triennial
Pestilence
,
and
that
neither
through
divine
Compassion
or
humane
Aid
any
remedy
could
be
found
●or
so
long
and
l●sting
a
Calamity
;
the
Priests
looking
into
the
Sibyls
Books
observ'd
,
that
ther●
was
no
other
way
to
restore
the
City
to
its
●●●m●●
health
,
but
by
●●tching
the
Image
of
Esculapius
from
Epidaurus
.
The
City
therefore
sending
their
Ambassadours
thither
,
hop'd
that
by
its
autho●●ty
,
the
greatest
then
in
the
world
,
they
might
pr●vail
to
obtain
the
only
remedy
against
their
fatal
misery
.
Neither
did
her
hope
deceive
her
.
For
her
desire
was
granted
with
as
much
willingness
,
as
it
was
requested
with
earnestn●ss
.
For
immediately
the
Epidaurians
carrying
the
Ambass●dours
to
the
Temple
of
Esculapius
;
(
distant
from
the
City
s●me
five
miles
)
desired
t●●m
to
take
out
of
it
whatever
they
thought
convenient
for
the
preservation
of
Rome
;
whose
free
benignity
the
god
himself
imitating
by
his
celestial
obedience
,
approv'd
the
courtesie
of
mortals
.
For
that
Snake
,
which
but
seldom
or
never
seen
but
to
their
great
benefit
,
the
Epidaurians
worshipt
equal
to
Esculapius
,
b●gan
to
glide
with
a
mild
aspect
and
gentle
motion
through
the
chief
parts
of
the
City
,
and
being
three
days
seen
to
the
religious
admiration
of
all
men
,
without
doubt
taking
in
good
part
the
change
of
a
more
noble
Seat
,
hasted
to
the
Roman
Galley
,
and
while
the
Martiners
stood
affrighted
at
so
unusual
a
sight
,
crept
aboard
the
Ship
,
and
peaceably
folding
its
self
into
several
rings
,
quietly
remain'd
in
the
Cabbin
of
Q.
Ogulnius
,
one
of
the
Ambassadours
.
The
Legats
having
return'd
due
thanks
,
and
being
instructed
by
the
skilful
in
the
due
worship
of
the
Serpent
,
like
men
that
had
obtain'd
their
hearts
desire
,
joyfully
departed
,
and
after
a
prosperous
Voyage
putting
in
at
Antium
,
the
Snake
,
which
had
remained
in
the
Ship
,
glided
to
the
Porch
of
the
Temple
of
Esculapius
,
adorn'd
with
Myrtle
and
other
Boughs
,
and
twisted
itself
about
a
Palm-tree
of
a
very
great
height
,
staying
for
three
days
in
the
Temple
of
Antium
;
the
Ambassadours
with
great
care
setting
by
these
things
wherewith
he
used
to
be
fed
,
for
fear
he
should
be
unwilling
to
return
to
the
Ship
:
after
which
he
patiently
suffer'd
himself
to
be
transported
to
our
City
.
The
Amb●ssadours
landing
upon
the
shore
of
Tiber
,
the
Snake
swam
to
the
Island
where
the
Temple
was
dedicated
,
and
by
his
coming
dispell'd
the
Calamity
for
remedy
whereof
he
was
sought
.
3.
Not
less
voluntary
was
the
coming
of
Juno
to
our
City
.
The
Veientes
being
taken
by
Furius
Camillus
,
the
Souldiers
by
command
of
the
General
going
about
to
remove
the
Image
of
Juno
Moneta
,
which
was
there
in
principal
adoration
,
endeavour'd
to
remove
it
from
the
place
where
it
stood
.
Among
the
rest
,
one
of
the
Souldiers
asked
the
Goddess
in
sport
,
whether
she
would
go
to
Rome
;
to
which
the
Goddess
replying
she
would
,
the
jest
was
turn'd
into
admiration
.
And
now
believing
that
they
did
not
only
carry
the
Image
,
but
Juno
her self
,
with
great
joy
they
placed
her
in
that
part
of
the
Aventine
Mountain
,
where
now
we
see
her
Temple
stand
.
4.
The
Image
also
of
the
Womens
Fortune
,
about
four
miles
from
the
City
upon
the
Latine
Road
,
consecrated
together
with
her
Temple
,
at
the
same
time
that
Coriolanus
was
diverted
from
the
destruction
of
the
City
by
his
Mothers
tears
,
was
heard
,
not
once
,
but
twice
to
speak
these
words
:
In
due
manner
have
you
seen
me
,
Matrons
,
and
in
due
manner
dedicated
me
.
5.
But
Valerius
Publicola
Consul
,
after
the
expulsion
of
the
Kings
,
waged
War
with
the
Veientes
and
Hetrurians
,
while
the
one
sought
to
restore
Tarquinius
to
his
Kingdome
,
the
other
sought
to
retain
their
new-recover'd
Liberty
:
At
which
time
,
while
the
Hetrurians
and
Tarquinius
had
the
upper
hand
in
the
Right
Wing
,
there
hapned
such
a
sudden
Consternation
,
that
not
only
the
Victors
began
to
fly
,
but
also
drew
the
Veientes
,
struck
with
the
same
fear
,
along
with
them
.
On
a
sudden
a
loud
voice
was
heard
from
the
adjoining
Arsian
Wood
,
said
to
be
uttered
from
the
mouth
of
a
Sylvan
:
But
one
more
of
the
Hetrurians
shall
fall
:
The
Roman
Host
shall
obtain
the
Conquest
.
The
truth
of
the
Miracle
appeared
by
the
number
of
the
dead
Bodies
told
.
6.
What
say
ye
to
the
Assistance
of
Mars
,
which
facilitated
the
Victory
of
the
Romans
,
is
it
not
worthy
of
lasting
memory
?
When
the
Brutians
and
Lucans
with
most
inveterate
Hatred
and
great
Forces
sought
the
destruction
of
the
City
of
Thurinum
,
C.
Fabricius
Luscinus
Consul
on
the
other
side
endeavouring
with
all
his
might
to
preserve
the
same
,
and
that
the
event
of
things
seemed
dubious
,
the
Forces
of
both
sides
being
met
in
one
place
,
and
the
Romans
not
daring
to
venture
battle
;
a
young
man
of
a
comely
stature
began
to
exhort
them
to
take
courage
;
and
finding
them
not
very
forward
,
laying
hold
of
a
Ladder
,
he
posted
through
the
middle
of
the
Enemies
body
to
the
opposite
Camp
,
and
setting
up
his
Ladder
scal'd
the
fortification
;
and
then
crying
out
with
a
loud
voice
,
that
there
was
a
step
to
Victory
rais'd
,
he
drew
ours
to
assail
,
the
Lucans
and
Brutians
to
defend
their
own
Camp
,
where
after
a
sharp
Conflict
they
were
utterly
overthrown
.
For
by
the
impulse
of
his
own
Arms
,
he
deliver'd
um
over
to
be
slain
and
taken
by
the
Romans
;
Twenty
Thousand
being
slain
,
Five
Thousand
taken
,
togeth●r
with
Statius
Statilius
General
of
both
People
,
and
Twenty
Military
Ensignes
.
The
next
day
,
when
the
Consul
told
the
Souldiers
that
he
had
reserv'd
a
Crown
for
him
who
had
shewed
so
much
Courage
in
taking
the
Camp
,
and
no
young
man
was
to
be
found
to
claim
it
,
it
was
then
known
and
believed
that
Mars
had
taken
the
Romans
part
.
And
among
other
demonstrations
of
the
truth
of
the
thing
,
there
was
a
Head-piece
found
with
two
Plum●s
,
which
had
covered
his
sacred
Head
.
Therefore
by
command
of
Fabricius
there
was
a
Supplication
to
Mars
proclaim'd
,
and
thanks
return'd
to
him
with
great
joy
by
the
Souldiers
crown'd
with
Lawrel
,
in
testimony
of
the
assistance
which
they
had
received
from
him
.
7.
I
shall
relate
now
what
being
known
in
that
age
was
faithfully
deliver●d
to
those
which
succeeded
:
Aeneas
bringing
his
houshold-gods
with
him
from
Troy
,
placed
them
in
Lavinium
:
From
thence
they
were
by
his
Son
Ascanius
remov'd
to
Alba
,
which
himself
had
built
:
which
lest
it
should
seem
a
force
put
upon
them
by
the
hands
of
men
,
they
resolv'd
to
testifie
their
good
Will.
Wherein
I
am
not
ignorant
how
opinion
hesitates
in
the
asserting
the
truth
of
the
motion
and
voice
of
the
Immortal
Gods
.
However
,
because
we
do
not
make
a
relation
of
things
new
,
but
only
repeat
what
has
been
d●liver'd
,
let
the
first
Authors
vindicate
the
truth
.
It
is
our
part
not
to
refuse
as
vain
,
what
the
sacred
Monuments
of
Story
have
consecrated
for
cer●ain
.
8.
Having
made
mention
of
that
City
,
from
whence
our
own
had
its
first
original
,
heavenly
Julius
the
glorious
offspring
thereof
com●s
into
our
mind
,
whom
C.
Cassius
(
never
to
be
named
without
remembring
his
publick
Parricide
)
while
he
was
labouring
couragiously
at
the
Battle
of
Philippe
,
saw
above
mortal
Stature
,
clad
in
a
Purple
Robe
,
and
an
angry
Count●nance
,
making
toward
●im
with
full
speed
;
at
which
sight
affrighted
he
fled
,
having
first
heard
these
words
utter'd
,
What
wouldst
thou
do
more
,
if
it
be
too
little
to
have
kill'd
?
Didst
thou
not
murther
Caesar
.
O
Cassius
?
But
no
Deity
can
be
prevail'd
gainst
;
therefore
by
injuring
him
whose
mortal
body
still
burns
,
thou
hast
deserved
to
have
a
god
so
much
thy
enemy
.
9.
Lentulus
passing
by
the
shore
where
the
Body
of
Pompey
〈◊〉
Great
,
murdered
by
the
treachery
of
King
Ptolemy
,
was
then
at
the
same
time
burning
;
altogether
ignorant
of
his
fall
,
cryed
out
to
his
Souldiers
,
How
do
we
know
but
that
Pompey
may
be
now
burning
in
yonder
flame
?
Th●
Miracle
was
,
that
he
should
ignorantly
speak
so
great
a
truth
as
it
were
by
inspiration
.
10.
This
was
only
the
saying
of
a
man
;
but
that
which
came
from
the
mouth
of
Apollo
himself
was
more
miraculous
,
a
clear
evidence
of
the
Delphick
Pres●ge
,
which
foretold
the
Death
of
Appius
.
He
in
the
Civil
War
wherein
Pompey
had
separated
himself
from
his
friendship
with
Caesar
,
through
advice
no
less
baneful
to
himself
than
disadvantageous
to
the
Common-wealth
,
being
willing
to
know
the
event
of
so
great
a
Commotion
;
by
his
power
in
command
(
for
he
was
Governour
of
Achaia
)
caus'd
the
chief
President
of
the
Delphick
Oracle
to
descend
into
the
innermost
part
of
the
holy
Den
,
whence
as
more
certain
Answers
are
demanded
,
so
the
over-abundance
of
the
divine
exhalation
becomes
more
noxious
to
those
that
give
the
Answer
.
The
Virgin
therefore
through
the
impulse
of
the
inspiring
Spirit
,
with
a
most
dreadful
tone
,
among
other
obscure
terms
and
aenigma's
,
thus
return'd
to
Appius
:
The
War
concerns
thee
nothing
,
O
Roman
:
Thou
shalt
have
for
thy
lot
,
that
part
of
Euboea
call'd
Coela
.
He
believing
that
Apollo
had
forewarned
him
to
avoid
the
danger
of
the
War
,
retired
into
that
Countrey
which
lies
between
Rhamnuns
a
noble
part
of
the
Countrey
of
Attica
,
and
Caristus
adjoining
to
the
Chalcidic
Bay
,
where
consum'd
with
sickness
before
the
battle
of
Pharsalia
,
he
possessed
the
place
assign'd
for
his
burial
.
11.
These
things
may
also
be
accompted
as
Miracles
;
that
when
the
Chappel
of
the
Salii
was
burnt
,
there
was
nothing
escap'd
the
fire
but
the
Kings
staff
of
Romulus
.
That
the
Statue
of
Servius
Tullius
remain'd
untouch'd
,
when
the
Temple
of
Fortune
was
consum'd
by
fire
.
That
the
Statue
of
Claudia
,
plac'd
near
the
entry
into
the
Temple
of
the
Mother
of
the
Gods
,
that
Temple
being
twice
consum'd
by
fire
,
once
when
Nasica
Scipio
and
L.
Bestia
,
another
time
when
Servilius
and
Lamia
were
Consuls
,
stood
firm
upon
its
Basis
and
untouch'd
.
12.
The
Funeral
Pile
of
Acilius
Aviola
brought
no
small
astonishment
to
our
City
,
who
being
taken
for
dead
both
by
the
Physicians
and
by
his
Friends
,
when
he
had
been
laid
out
for
some
time
upon
the
Ground
,
the
Flame
no
sooner
coming
near
his
Body
,
but
he
rose
up
and
affirmed
himself
to
be
alive
,
calling
for
the
assistance
of
his
Schoolmaster
,
who
only
remain'd
with
him
.
But
being
encompass'd
with
the
flames
,
he
could
not
be
drawn
thence
.
13.
Lucius
Lamia
also
,
a
person
of
the
Pretorian
Order
,
is
said
to
have
spoken
upon
his
funeral
Pile
.
FORRAIGN
Examples
.
1.
But
the
fate
of
Erus
Pamphilus
has
render'd
the
foregoing
relations
less
miraculous
;
whom
Plato
affirm'd
that
after
he
was
thought
to
have
been
slain
in
Battle
,
and
had
lain
in
the
field
ten
days
,
when
he
came
to
be
taken
away
and
laid
upon
the
funeral
Pile
,
he
reviv'd
,
and
related
strange
things
,
which
he
saw
while
he
lay
dead
.
2.
And
since
we
are
come
to
Forraign
Examples
,
there
was
a
certain
learned
Man
at
Athens
,
who
having
received
an
unlucky
hurt
with
a
Stone
upon
his
Head
,
though
he
retain'd
his
Memory
as
to
all
other
things
very
perfect
,
yet
forgot
his
Learning
,
which
he
had
follow'd
all
his
life
time
.
A
dire
and
fatal
Wound
in
the
Soul
of
him
that
was
wounded
,
as
if
having
of
purpose
sought
out
every
sense
,
it
had
pitch'd
upon
that
particularly
wherein
the
Patient
most
delighted
,
burying
the
singular
Doctrine
and
Learning
of
the
person
in
the
perpetual
grave
of
Envy
.
To
whom
if
it
were
not
lawful
to
enjoy
those
Studies
,
it
had
been
better
that
he
had
never
obtain'd
a
taste
of
them
,
than
to
want
the
sweetness
of
what
he
once
had
in
poss●ssion
.
3.
But
more
lamentable
is
the
narration
of
the
following
mischance
.
For
the
Wise
of
Nausimenes
an
Athenian
hapning
to
take
her
Son
and
Daughter
in
the
act
of
Incest
,
struck
with
horrour
of
so
monstrous
a
sight
,
became
suddenly
dumb
,
so
that
she
neither
could
express
her
present
Indignation
,
nor
ever
after
speak
a
word
.
They
punish'd
themselves
for
their
own
wicked
act
,
with
voluntary
Death
.
Thus
Fortune
that
in
a
rage
took
from
her
her
Speech
,
from
them
their
Lives
,
was
therein
favourable
to
the
Mother
.
4.
Aegles
a
Samian
Wrastler
born
mute
,
when
he
saw
the
Rewards
of
a
Victory
,
which
he
had
won
,
taken
from
him
,
out
of
indignation
for
the
injury
done
him
,
recover'd
his
Speech
.
5.
Famous
also
was
the
Birth
of
Gorgias
an
Epirote
,
a
very
strong
man
,
who
coming
forth
of
his
Mothers
Womb
as
she
was
going
to
be
buried
,
with
his
crying
caus'd
them
that
carried
the
Beer
to
stand
,
affording
a
strange
Miracle
to
his
Countrey
,
as
one
that
receiv'd
his
Birth
and
being
from
the
Funeral-Pile
or
his
Mother
.
For
at
the
same
moment
she
in
her
Death
yields
to
fate
,
the
other
is
taken
into
arms
alive
before
he
was
born
.
6.
A
fortunate
Wound
was
that
which
a
certain
person
gave
to
Phaerean
Jason
,
endeavouring
to
have
slain
him
.
For
striking
at
him
with
his
Sword
,
he
brake
an
Impostume
in
that
manner
,
which
could
neither
be
broken
nor
cured
by
any
skill'd
in
Physick
,
delivering
him
from
an
incurable
Disease
.
7.
Equally
belov'd
of
the
immortal
Gods
was
Simonides
,
who
being
sav'd
from
imminent
danger
,
was
also
preserv'd
from
after-ruine
.
For
while
he
was
at
Supper
with
Scopas
at
Cranon
a
City
of
Thessaly
,
news
was
brought
him
that
two
young
men
were
at
the
door
,
earnestly
desiring
to
sp●ak
with
him
.
When
he
came
to
the
gate
,
he
found
no
body
there
.
But
at
the
same
mom●nt
,
the
Roof
of
the
Dining-room
fell
down
,
and
kill'd
both
Scopas
and
all
his
Gu●sts
.
What
greater
wealth
,
than
so
much
f●licity
,
which
neither
the
rage
of
the
Sea
or
Land
could
take
from
him
?
8.
I
am
not
unwilling
to
adde
to
this
the
Story
of
Daphidas
,
that
men
may
understand
how
profitable
it
is
to
sing
the
praises
of
the
Gods
,
and
obey
the
Divine
Power
.
He
being
of
their
profession
who
are
call'd
Sophists
,
resolving
to
ask
a
frivolous
question
of
the
Oracle
of
Apollo
,
in
derision
demanded
,
Whether
he
should
finde
the
Horse
he
had
lost
,
when
in
truth
he
had
none
at
all
.
To
which
the
Oracle
answer'd
,
That
he
should
finde
his
Horse
,
but
be
kill'd
with
a
fall
off
his
back
.
B●ing
upon
his
return
,
merry
and
laughing
at
the
trick
he
had
put
upon
the
Oracle
,
he
fell
into
the
hands
of
Attalus
the
King
,
whom
he
had
often
abus'd
with
his
scurrilous
Verses
,
being
out
of
his
reach
:
And
being
by
his
command
thrown
headlong
down
a
Rock
,
which
was
call'd
The
Horse
,
he
receiv'd
the
just
reward
due
to
one
that
would
go
about
to
cavil
with
the
gods
.
9.
Philip
K.
of
Macedon
being
also
admonisht
by
the
same
Oracle
to
have
a
care
of
the
violence
of
a
Chariot
,
caused
all
the
Chariots
in
his
Kingdom
to
be
cut
to
pieces
,
and
alwaies
carefully
shun'd
that
place
in
Boeotia
which
is
call'd
The
Chariot
;
and
yet
he
could
not
avoid
that
kind
of
death
which
was
foretold
him
:
for
Pansanias
that
slew
him
,
had
a
Chariot
engraven
in
the
Hilt
of
his
Sword
.
10.
And
this
fatal
Necessity
which
the
Father
could
not
avoid
,
was
as
severe
to
his
Son
Alexander
.
For
Calanus
the
Indian
b●ing
about
to
throw
himself
,
of
his
own
accord
,
upon
his
Funeral-Pile
,
being
ask'd
by
him
whether
he
had
any
thing
to
command
or
tell
him
made
no
other
reply
,
but
I
shall
shortly
see
thee
.
Nor
was
his
answer
in
vain
,
for
the
violent
Death
of
Alexander
speedily
follow'd
his
violent
decease
.
11.
These
Royal
Funerals
are
equal'd
in
Miracle
by
the
fortune
of
a
Rower
in
a
Galley
,
who
standing
at
the
Pump
in
a
small
Tyrian
Vessel
,
and
by
the
violence
of
a
Wave
thrown
out
of
the
same
,
the
force
of
a
contrary
Wave
wash'd
him
into
the
Vessel
again
:
congratulating
and
bewailing
,
at
one
time
,
his
miserable
and
happy
condition
.
12.
What
more
?
Are
we
not
to
believe
that
there
are
certain
Mockeries
of
Nature
in
the
Bodies
of
Men
?
tolerable
indeed
,
because
not
horrid
;
yet
no
less
miraculous
,
because
unusual
.
The
Son
of
Prusias
King
of
Bithynia
,
bearing
the
same
name
with
his
Father
,
instead
of
an
upper
row
of
Teeth
,
had
one
continued
Bone
,
though
neither
deformed
nor
unfit
for
use
.
13.
Dripetine
also
the
Daughter
of
Mithridates
,
born
of
La●dice
the
Queen
,
having
her
mouth
deformed
with
a
double
row
of
Teeth
above
and
b●low
,
was
her
Fathers
Companion
when
he
fled
from
Pompey
.
14.
No
less
admirable
were
the
Eyes
of
that
person
,
who
is
reported
to
have
had
so
sharp
a
sight
,
that
he
was
able
to
discover
the
Ships
going
out
of
the
Port
of
Carthage
,
from
the
Promontory
of
Lilybaeum
in
Sicily
.
15.
More
admirable
than
his
Eyes
was
the
Heart
of
Aristomenes
the
Messenian
;
which
the
Athenians
by
reason
of
his
admirable
subtlety
causing
to
be
cut
out
,
(
for
they
had
often
taken
him
,
yet
still
by
his
cunning
he
escaped
them
)
found
to
be
all
over
hairy
.
16.
The
Poet
Antipater
the
Sidonian
,
every
year
on
the
very
day
of
his
Birth
had
a
F●ver
;
and
having
lived
to
a
great
age
,
upon
his
Birth
day
died
of
a
F●ver
.
17.
Here
we
may
very
conveniently
take
notice
of
Polystratus
and
Hippoclides
,
Philosophers
,
who
were
born
the
same
day
,
followed
the
Precepts
of
the
same
Master
Epicurus
,
possess'd
the
same
Revenues
,
went
to
the
same
School
,
and
living
long
Friends
together
,
at
length
both
died
the
same
day
.
So
equal
was
the
fortune
and
friendship
of
their
Society
,
that
who
would
not
think
them
born
,
bred
,
and
deceas'd
in
the
very
bosome
of
divine
Concord
her self
?
18.
Why
all
this
should
come
to
pass
,
either
to
the
Children
of
Kings
,
or
to
a
most
famous
King
himself
,
to
a
Prophet
of
a
flourishing
Wit
,
or
be
so
remarkable
in
the
Lives
of
Learned
Men
,
or
among
the
Vulgar
sort
,
Nature
it self
,
so
fruitful
in
good
or
evil
,
hath
never
given
a
reason
.
No
more
than
why
among
the
wild
Goats
,
which
are
bred
in
Crete
,
being
wounded
with
darts
,
should
fly
for
present
help
to
the
Herb
Dittany
,
which
being
eaten
immediately
forceth
the
Dart
and
Poyson
out
of
their
Wounds
.
Or
how
it
comes
to
pass
that
in
the
Island
of
Cephalenia
,
whereas
all
other
beasts
in
other
places
are
re●resh'd
with
drinking
water
,
in
that
place
they
are
wont
to
quench
their
thirsts
by
receiving
the
wind
into
their
mouths
.
Or
why
at
Crotona
,
in
the
Temple
of
Lacinian
Juno
,
the
ashes
should
remain
undisturb'd
,
and
not
to
be
remov'd
,
what
Wind
soever
blow
.
Or
why
one
Fountain
in
Macedonia
,
another
in
the
Countrey
of
Calenum
,
should
have
s●
much
the
property
of
Wine
,
as
to
intoxicate
men
.
These
things
we
do
not
so
much
admire
,
as
think
worthy
of
remembrance
,
being
well
ascertain'd
,
that
Na●ure
may
well
assume
to
herself
the
greatest
share
of
knowledg
,
who
has
the
painful
charge
of
begetting
all
things
.
19.
And
now
seeing
we
are
talking
of
things
that
exceed
common
reason
,
let
us
give
a
relation
of
that
Serpent
,
which
Livie
has
so
elegantly
described
.
For
he
saith
,
that
upon
the
Banks
of
the
River
Bagrada
in
Africk
so
great
a
Serpent
appear'd
,
as
hindred
the
whole
Army
of
Attilius
Regulus
from
the
use
of
the
water
:
Many
Sould●●rs
she
swallowed
down
her
fi●●hy
wide
Mouth
,
many
killed
with
the
hideous
bangs
of
her
Tall
:
and
when
they
could
pierce
her
with
no
Dart
or
Spear
,
at
length
they
were
forced
to
plant
their
Engins
of
Battery
against
,
and
bruise
her
to
pieces
with
huge
Stones
and
Flints
of
massie
weight
;
and
to
all
both
Horse
and
Foot
seemed
more
terrible
than
Carthage
it self
.
At
what
time
the
stream
being
defiled
with
her
Blood
,
and
the
air
infected
with
the
stench
of
her
Body
,
the
Roman
Camp
was
forced
to
remove
.
The
Skin
of
this
Monster
,
he
saith
,
was
120
foot
long
,
and
sent
to
Rome
.
LIB.
II.
CHAP.
I.
Of
Matrimonial
Ceremonies
,
and
Duty
of
Relations
.
-
1.
Good
Signes
preceding
Marriage
.
-
2.
Marriage-Feasts
.
-
3.
Women
praised
for
living
Widows
.
-
4.
First
Divorce
.
-
5.
Matrimonial
liberty
and
decency
.
-
6.
Conjugal
Love
.
-
7.
Modest
Consanguinity
.
-
8.
The
Feast
of
Charistia
,
or
Love
.
-
9.
Age
honoured
.
-
10.
Youth
observed
,
and
instructed
by
example
.
WHile
we
are
searching
into
the
rich
and
potent
kingdom
of
Nature
,
it
will
not
be
unseasonable
to
take
notice
of
the
antient
and
memorable
Institutions
,
as
well
of
our
own
City
,
as
of
other
Nations
.
For
it
is
worth
our
while
to
know
the
first
original
of
those
happy
Manners
,
and
that
way
of
living
which
we
now
enjoy
under
the
best
of
Princes
,
seeing
that
the
consideration
of
them
may
perphaps
be
profitable
to
the
present
Customes
.
1.
Among
the
Antients
there
was
nothing
either
publickly
or
privately
undertaken
,
unless
they
had
first
observed
the
signe
;
from
which
Custome
,
the
South-sayers
were
alwaies
consulted
before
Marriages
.
And
though
they
have
left
off
the
marking
of
Birds
,
or
bodings
of
good
or
bad
luck
,
yet
nominally
they
follow
the
footsteps
of
the
old
Custome
.
2.
The
Women
supp'd
with
the
Men
sitting
,
but
the
Men
lay
down
:
which
Custome
among
men
was
observed
in
Heaven
.
For
Jupiter
is
said
to
sup
lying
on
his
Couch
,
while
Juno
and
Minerva
are
invited
to
sit
.
Which
kind
of
severe
Custome
our
Age
more
diligently
observes
in
the
Capitol
than
in
their
Houses
:
It
being
more
proper
to
adhere
to
the
Discipline
of
Goddesses
than
Women
.
3.
They
that
were
content
to
be
married
but
once
,
were
honoured
with
a
Crown
of
Chastity
.
For
they
believed
that
Matron
to
have
an
incorrupted
mind
,
and
sincere
Loyalty
,
that
would
not
leave
the
Chamber
where
she
had
first
deposited
here
Virginity
;
and
esteemed
the
experience
of
many
Matrimonies
to
be
a
signe
of
some
Incontinency
.
4.
There
was
no
Divorce
between
Man
and
Wife
till
Five
Hundred
and
Twenty
Yeares
after
the
City
was
built
.
The
first
was
Spurius
Carvilius
,
who
divorced
his
Wife
for
being
barren
.
Who
though
he
appeared
to
have
a
good
excuse
for
what
he
did
,
yet
there
were
that
blamed
him
enough
,
being
such
as
believed
that
Conjugal
Loyalty
was
to
be
preferred
before
desire
of
Children
.
5.
But
that
the
Honour
and
Modesty
of
Matrons
might
be
more
sacred
,
when
they
were
call'd
into
Court
,
no
man
was
permitted
to
touch
them
,
that
their
Garments
might
not
be
defiled
by
the
contact
of
a
strange
hand
.
The
use
of
Wine
was
formerly
unknown
to
the
Roman
Women
,
for
fear
it
might
bring
them
to
any
disgrace
,
because
the
first
degree
to
forbidden
Venus
is
from
father
Bacchus
.
Yet
that
their
Chastity
might
not
alway
occasion
undecent
retirement
,
but
that
they
might
appear
in
a
comely
Garb
of
converse
,
through
the
Indulgence
of
their
Husbands
they
wore
Purple
,
and
ornaments
of
Gold
.
For
then
Corrupters
of
Marriages
were
not
fear'd
,
but
Women
might
modestly
behold
,
and
chastly
be
beh●ld
.
6.
When
there
was
any
diff●rence
between
Husband
and
Wife
,
they
went
to
the
Chappel
of
the
Goddess
Viriplaca
,
which
is
in
the
Palace
:
and
having
liberty
to
talk
what
they
had
a
minde
to
,
after
the
heat
was
over
,
they
returned
home
very
good
friends
.
This
Goddess
had
her
name
from
appeasing
of
men
;
worthy
of
adoration
,
and
to
be
worshipped
not
with
choice
but
exquisite
Sacrifices
:
as
being
the
Keeper
of
dayly
and
Family-peace
,
rendring
to
men
and
women
,
under
the
same
yoak
of
Peace
,
what
is
due
to
the
Majesty
of
men
,
and
the
Honour
of
women
.
7.
This
Modesty
among
Wives
,
is
it
not
necessary
among
other
Relations
?
●o●
that
I
may
be
a
small
example
,
set
forth
the
great
force
thereof
:
formerly
neither
Father
us'd
to
wash
with
his
Son
at
age
,
nor
Father-in-law
with
Son-in-law
.
Whence
it
appears
,
there
was
as
much
Religion
attributed
to
Kind●●d
and
Consanguinity
,
as
to
the
Immortal
Gods
;
while
among
those
that
were
thus
●i'd
,
it
was
no
more
lawful
to
strip
themselves
,
than
it
was
in
the
Temple
.
8.
Our
Ancestors
also
instituted
a
sacred
Feast
,
which
was
cal●●d
Charistia
,
where
none
w●re
admitted
but
Kindred
;
that
if
there
were
any
difference
among
Re●ations
,
there
might
be
a
reconciliation
by
the
help
of
Friends
,
in
the
midst
of
their
sacred
Rites
and
holy
M●rch
.
9.
Youth
gave
to
Old
Age
such
circumspect
and
manifold
Honour
,
as
if
the
●lder
were
the
common
Father
of
the
younger
.
There
upon
Council-day
,
if
any
young
man
waited
upon
any
Senator
,
Relation
,
or
Friend
of
his
Fa●her
,
to
the
Senate
,
they
stay
without
door
till
the
other
came
to
perform
the
same
duty
home
again
.
By
which
voluntary
attendance
they
accustom'd
their
bodies
and
minds
to
undergo
publick
Offices
,
and
in
a
short
time
became
more
experienced
in
labour
and
meditation
.
Being
invited
to
a
Feast
,
they
diligently
inquired
who
was
to
be
there
,
that
they
might
not
be
forced
to
rise
to
give
way
to
their
Elder
:
and
when
the
Cloth
was
taken
away
,
they
always
rose
and
went
away
first
:
and
all
the
time
of
Supper
they
were
very
sparing
and
modest
in
their
discourse
.
10.
The
Elder
were
wont
to
sing
the
famous
deeds
of
their
Ancestors
,
in
Verse
,
at
their
Festivals
,
thereby
to
stir
up
Youth
by
imitation
thereof
.
What
more
splendid
or
more
profitable
than
this
kind
of
Combat
?
Youth
honour'd
Gray
Hairs
,
and
superannuated
Age
encourag'd
those
who
were
ready
to
enter
into
Action
with
the
nourishment
of
their
favour
.
What
Athens
,
what
School
,
what
forraign
Education
may
I
prefer
to
this
Domestick
Discipline
?
This
raised
the
Camilii
Scipio's
,
Fabricii
,
Marcelii
,
and
Fabii
:
and
that
I
may
not
be
tedious
in
recounting
all
the
lights
of
our
noole
Empire
,
thus
the
most
glorious
part
of
Heaven
the
●acred
Caesars
obtained
their
fame
.
CHAP.
II.
Of
the
Offices
of
Magistrates
and
Orders
.
-
1.
The
Roman
Fidelity
and
Taciturnity
.
-
2.
Authority
of
Magistrates
,
and
observance
of
the
Latin
Tongue
.
-
3.
C.
Marius
despising
Eloquence
.
-
4.
Consular
Majesty
.
-
5.
Constancy
of
the
Roman
Embassadours
.
-
6.
Vigilancy
of
the
Senate
.
-
7.
Diligence
of
the
Tribunes
.
-
8.
Abstinence
of
the
Magistrates
.
-
9.
The
Tryal
of
the
Roman
Knights
,
and
Lupercalia
.
1.
SO
high
a
Love
had
all
our
Ancestors
for
their
Countrey
,
that
there
was
not
a
Senator
,
who
for
many
Ages
would
reveal
the
Transactions
of
the
Fathers
.
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
onely
,
and
he
also
through
imprudence
,
going
into
the
Countrey
and
meeting
P.
Crassus
by
the
way
,
told
him
what
was
done
in
order
to
proclaiming
the
Second
Punick
War
,
remembring
that
he
had
been
Questor
three
years
before
,
and
not
knowing
that
he
was
not
yet
put
into
the
Senate
by
the
Censors
,
who
were
the
only
persons
that
gave
admittance
to
those
that
had
born
Honours
in
that
Assembly
.
However
,
though
this
were
but
a
harmless
errour
in
Fabius
,
yet
he
was
severely
reprehended
for
it
by
the
Consuls
.
For
they
would
by
no
means
suffer
Taciturnity
,
the
best
and
safest
bond
of
Government
,
to
be
violated
in
the
least
.
And
therefore
when
Eumenes
King
of
Asia
gave
intelligence
to
the
Senate
,
that
Perseus
was
preparing
to
make
War
,
it
could
not
be
known
either
what
Eumenes
said
,
or
what
the
Fathers
answered
,
till
Perseus
was
taken
.
The
Court
was
the
faithful
and
deep
breast
of
the
Commonwealth
,
environ'd
and
fortifi'd
with
Silence
;
which
they
that
enter'd
,
soon
cast
off
private
Love
,
cloathing
themselves
with
publick
Zeal
.
So
that
I
may
say
,
that
one
would
have
thought
,
that
no
man
heard
what
was
committed
to
the
ears
of
so
many
.
2.
But
our
antient
Magistrates
how
they
behaved
themselves
in
bearing
up
the
Majesty
of
the
Roman
People
,
from
hence
may
be
observed
,
that
among
all
their
other
marks
of
Gravity
,
this
they
punctually
maintain'd
,
not
to
talk
with
the
Greeks
but
in
the
Latine
Tongue
.
And
also
causing
them
to
lay
aside
the
volubility
of
their
own
language
,
forc'd
them
to
speak
by
an
Interpreter
,
not
only
in
our
own
City
,
but
in
Greece
and
Asia
:
That
the
honour
of
the
Latine
Tongue
might
be
spread
with
greater
veneration
among
other
Nations
.
Not
but
that
they
had
their
Schools
of
Learning
,
but
that
they
did
not
hold
it
convenient
that
the
Gown
should
in
any
thing
be
subject
to
the
Cloak
.
Believing
it
a
poor
and
low
thing
,
that
the
weight
and
authority
of
Government
should
be
tam'd
by
the
charms
of
Eloquence
.
3.
And
therefore
,
Caius
Marius
,
thou
art
not
to
be
condemn'd
of
clownish
Rigour
,
not
to
let
thy
old
age
,
crown'd
with
a
double
Lawrel
,
illustrious
with
German
and
Numidian
Trohies
,
be
softned
and
overcome
by
the
Eloquence
of
a
vanquish'd
Nation
.
Perhaps
,
lest
while
he
appear'd
a
forrainer
in
the
exercises
of
his
Wit
,
he
might
seem
a
Runagate
from
his
native
Rites
and
Customes
.
Who
therefore
open'd
the
way
to
the
Greek
Pleadings
that
now
deafen
our
ears
?
Molo
the
Rhetorician
,
as
I
am
perswaded
,
who
likewise
sharpned
the
studies
of
M.
Cicero
.
For
he
was
the
first
Stranger
that
was
ever
heard
in
the
Senate
without
an
Interpreter
;
which
Honour
he
receiv'd
not
undeservedly
,
having
mainly
advanc'd
the
force
of
the
Roman
Eloquence
.
Of
conspicuous
felicity
is
Arpinum
,
whether
you
respect
the
one
as
a
great
contemner
of
Learning
,
or
the
other
as
the
abounding
Fountain
thereof
.
4.
With
great
diligence
this
Custome
also
was
observed
by
our
Ancestors
,
that
no
person
might
walk
between
the
Consul
and
the
last
Lictor
,
though
he
went
along
by
vertue
of
his
Office
,
unless
he
were
a
Child
and
the
Son
of
the
Consul
.
Which
Custome
was
so
obstinately
maintain'd
,
that
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
,
five
times
Consul
,
and
besides
in
prime
Authority
,
and
honour'd
with
Age
,
being
requested
to
go
between
him
and
the
Lictor
,
for
fear
of
being
overborn
by
the
crowd
of
Samnites
,
with
whom
he
was
going
to
treat
,
y●t
refus'd
the
Courtesie
.
The
like
did
that
same
Fabius
when
he
was
sent
by
the
Senate
to
his
Son
Consul
at
Suessa
.
For
as
his
Son
was
dispatching
Causes
without
the
City
,
he
took
his
Horse
to
ride
through
the
prease
;
but
his
Son
seeing
him
afar
off
,
sent
a
Lictor
to
him
,
commanding
him
to
alight
and
come
afoot
,
if
he
had
any
thing
to
say
to
the
Consul
.
Whom
Fabius
readily
obeyed
,
saying
,
Son
,
I
did
not
this
in
contempt
of
thy
Authority
,
but
only
to
try
whether
thou
knewest
how
to
behave
thy self
like
a
Consul
or
no
:
Nor
am
I
ignorant
what
is
my
Duty
to
my
Countrey
;
but
I
prefer
publike
Institutions
before
private
Piety
.
5.
Having
done
with
the
Fabii
,
Men
of
an
admirable
Constancy
offer
themselves
,
who
being
sent
to
Tarentum
by
the
Senate
to
demand
certain
things
;
after
they
had
received
many
Injuries
,
one
of
them
having
a
Pisspot
thrown
upon
his
Cloaths
,
they
were
brought
to
the
Theater
,
or
place
of
Audience
,
and
finished
the
whole
business
of
the
Embassie
;
but
as
to
what
they
had
suffered
,
they
uttered
not
a
word
,
lest
they
might
seem
to
talk
more
than
what
they
had
given
them
in
charge
:
for
it
was
impossible
that
●●y
vexation
at
the
affronts
which
they
had
received
,
could
make
them
alter
the
respect
which
they
had
to
Antient
Custome
.
6.
But
I
will
pass
from
Customes
grown
obsolete
through
Vice
,
to
the
most
severe
Institutions
of
our
Ancestours
,
before
the
Senate
sate
continually
in
that
place
which
was
call'd
the
Little
Senate-House
;
they
never
were
assembled
by
Edict
,
but
b●ing
cited
th●y
came
immediatly
.
For
they
thought
the
praise
of
that
Citizen
much
to
be
call'd
in
question
,
that
was
to
be
compell'd
to
shew
his
Duty
to
his
Country
.
For
whatever
is
forc'd
by
Compulsion
,
is
look●
upon
as
rather
done
by
Constraint
than
Duty
.
7.
We
are
likewise
to
remember
,
that
it
was
not
lawful
for
the
Tribunes
of
the
people
to
be
admitted
into
the
Senate
;
but
being
plac'd
upon
Seats
before
the
Doors
,
there
i●
behov'd
'um
diligently
to
h●ar
and
examine
the
Decrees
that
were
under
Vote
,
that
if
there
were
any
thing
which
they
misliked
,
they
might
hinder
them
from
passing
.
And
therefore
the
Letter
T
was
wont
to
be
subscrib'd
at
the
bottome
of
all
the
antient
Decrees
of
the
Senate
:
by
which
Mark
it
was
understood
that
the
Tribunes
had
consented
.
Who
although
it
were
their
business
to
lie
pe●du
for
the
good
of
the
People
,
and
to
suppress
the
growth
of
ambitious
attempts
;
yet
they
suffer'd
them
to
use
Silver
Vessels
,
and
to
wear
Gold
Rings
given
them
at
the
publick
charge
,
by
the
sight
of
such
things
to
render
the
authority
of
their
Magistracy
the
more
conspicuous
.
8.
Whose
Authority
as
it
increased
,
so
their
abstinence
was
most
strictly
commanded
:
For
the
En●ra●is
of
the
Sacrifices
offered
by
the
Tribunes
,
were
brought
to
the
Questors
of
the
Treasury
.
The
worship
of
the
Gods
,
and
humane
Continence
,
was
shewn
in
those
Sacrifices
of
the
Roman
people
,
our
Captains
learning
at
those
Altars
what
holy
hands
they
ought
to
come
prepared
with
.
And
such
honour
they
gave
to
Continence
,
that
many
times
the
Debts
of
those
that
had
well
behaved
themselves
in
the
government
of
the
Republick
,
were
paid
by
the
Senate
:
For
they
esteemed
it
an
unworthy
thing
,
that
the
dignity
of
those
men
should
suffer
at
home
,
by
whose
industry
the
Common-wealth
had
obtained
splendor
abroad
.
9.
The
Youth
of
the
Order
of
Knighthood
,
twice
every
year
,
were
wont
to
shew
themselves
in
a
publick
Spectacle
at
the
charge
of
some
great
Person
,
upon
the
day
of
the
Lupercal
Feasts
,
which
was
the
time
of
the
approbation
of
Knights
.
The
Custome
of
the
Lupercals
were
begun
by
Romulus
and
Remus
,
at
such
a
time
as
they
were
making
merry
,
for
that
their
Uncle
Numitor
had
permitted
them
to
build
a
City
in
the
place
where
they
were
bred
up
,
under
Mount
Palatine
,
which
Evander
the
Argive
had
consecrated
by
advice
of
Faustulus
their
Foster-father
.
For
thereupon
they
made
a
Sacrifice
,
and
having
slain
several
Goats
,
and
eat
and
drank
somewhat
more
largely
than
ordinary
,
they
divided
themselves
,
and
in
their
jollity
made
a
sportive
Combat
together
;
the
memory
of
which
Pastime
is
celebrated
with
annual
succession
of
Holidaies
.
As
for
the
Knights
which
were
named
Trabeati
,
Quintus
Fabius
appointed
their
publike
Shew
upon
the
Ides
of
July
.
He
also
,
being
Censor
with
Pub.
Decius
,
in
commemoration
of
a
Sedition
which
he
had
appeas'd
,
when
the
Comitia
or
publick
choice
of
Magistrates
was
almost
fallen
into
the
hands
of
the
meanest
people
,
divided
the
whole
Rout
into
four
Tribes
,
which
he
called
City-Tribes
;
by
means
of
which
wholesome
act
,
being
a
man
otherwise
famous
in
Warlike
Acts
,
he
obtain'd
the
name
of
Maximus
,
or
Greatest
.
CHAP.
III.
Of
Military
Institutions
.
-
1.
Souldiers
first
tax'd
by
Pole
.
-
2.
Military
Exercise
.
-
3.
The
first
use
of
the
Velites
,
or
light-armed
.
THe
Modesty
of
the
People
is
also
to
be
commended
,
who
by
freely
offering
themselves
to
the
labours
and
dangers
of
War
,
prevented
their
Commanders
from
putting
those
that
were
tax'd
by
Pole
to
their
Oaths
;
whose
extreme
poverty
being
suspected
,
made
them
incapable
of
being
trusted
with
the
Publick
Arms.
1.
This
Custome
confirm'd
by
long
use
,
C.
Marius
first
brake
,
making
Souldiers
of
those
that
were
tax'd
by
Pole
.
A
noble
Citizen
,
yet
by
the
Novelty
which
he
brought
in
,
not
so
propitious
to
Antiquity
.
Not
unmindful
,
that
if
Military
Sloath
should
persist
to
despise
humility
,
he
himself
might
be
deem'd
a
Commander
cess'd
by
the
Pole
.
Therefore
he
thought
it
best
to
obliterate
that
proud
way
of
choice
among
the
Roman
Armies
,
lest
the
contagion
of
that
mark
should
spread
it self
to
the
obscuring
his
own
glory
.
2.
The
Discipline
of
handling
Arms
was
recommended
to
the
Souldiers
by
P.
Rutilius
Consul
,
Colleague
with
Cn.
Mallius
:
For
not
following
the
example
of
any
Commander
before
him
,
calling
together
the
Teachers
of
the
Gladiators
,
from
the
Plays
of
Cn.
Aurelius
Scaurus
,
he
first
began
to
have
the
Souldiers
learn
the
way
of
shunning
and
giving
blows
,
according
to
the
reasons
of
Art
;
mixing
virtue
with
art
,
and
art
with
virtue
;
strengthening
vertue
with
the
force
of
art
,
and
encouraging
art
with
the
force
of
strength
.
3.
The
use
of
the
Velites
,
or
light-armed
,
was
first
experienc'd
when
Fulvius
Flaccus
besieged
Capua
.
For
when
our
Horse
,
being
in
number
fewer
,
were
not
able
to
resist
the
frequent
excursions
of
the
Campanian
Cavalry
,
Q.
Naevius
a
Centurion
choosing
out
of
the
Foot
certain
that
were
nimble
of
body
,
armed
with
light
and
crooked
Spears
and
little
Targets
,
ordered
them
with
a
swift
running
jump
to
joyn
themselves
with
the
Horse
,
and
by
and
by
as
swiftly
to
retire
;
whereby
the
Foot
being
mingled
with
the
Horse
,
with
their
Darts
not
only
infested
the
men
,
but
the
horses
likewise
.
Which
unusual
way
of
Fight
was
the
only
overthrow
of
the
Campanian
Treachery
.
For
which
cause
Naevius
the
author
of
it
is
still
had
in
great
honour
.
CHAP.
IV.
Of
Shews
.
-
1.
Theaters
first
built
.
-
2.
Places
appointed
for
superiority
.
-
3.
The
Original
of
Comical
Scenes
.
-
4.
Of
Secular
Plays
.
-
5.
First
Secular
Playes
.
-
6.
Ornaments
and
pride
of
Plays
.
-
7.
First
Gladiator
,
and
Wrestling
Shews
.
1.
FRom
Military
Institutions
we
are
next
to
come
to
the
City-Camps
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
Theaters
,
for
that
upon
them
were
many
Combats
oftentimes
for
victory
,
invented
both
for
the
recreation
of
Men
,
and
worship
of
the
Gods
;
not
without
some
blushing
tincture
upon
the
face
of
Peace
,
to
see
Delight
and
Religion
contaminated
with
civil
blood
,
meerly
for
Scenical
Ostentation
.
2.
They
were
begun
by
M●ssalla
and
Cassius
,
Censors
;
but
by
the
authority
of
Scipio
Nasica
,
the
whole
furniture
of
all
their
work
was
publiquely
sold
.
Afterwards
a
Decree
of
Senate
pass'd
,
that
no
one
should
have
any
seats
in
the
City
,
nor
within
a
Mile
thereof
,
or
behold
the
Playes
sitting
,
to
the
end
that
Manhood
in
standing
,
joyn'd
with
relaxation
of
the
Mind
,
might
be
a
mark
of
the
Roman
Fortitude
.
3.
For
Five
Hundred
Fifty
Eight
years
,
the
Senate
stood
mixt
among
the
common
People
to
behold
the
publick
Shews
.
But
this
custome
Atilius
Serranus
and
L.
Scribonius
Edils
abrogated
,
when
they
made
Plays
to
the
Mother
of
the
Gods
,
following
the
judgment
of
the
Elder
Africanus
,
and
setting
up
seats
for
the
Senators
distinct
from
the
people
.
Which
thing
alienated
the
Affection
of
the
common
people
,
and
weakned
the
high
esteem
which
they
had
of
him
.
4.
Now
I
shall
rehearse
the
beginning
and
first
original
Institution
of
Playes
.
In
the
time
that
Sulpitius
Peticus
and
Licinius
Stolo
were
Consuls
,
a
most
violent
Pestilence
had
afflicted
our
City
,
then
at
peace
abroad
,
with
new
cares
of
preservation
from
intestine
calamity
:
And
there
was
no
help
in
any
humane
advice
,
all
reliance
was
upon
the
strict
and
new
worship
of
Religion
.
Nor
would
the
favour
of
the
Gods
lend
any
ear
to
the
Verses
compos'd
for
their
atonement
,
until
the
time
which
Romulus
,
upon
his
ravishing
the
Sabine
Virgins
,
consecrated
with
particular
Festivals
,
which
he
called
Consualia
.
Now
as
it
is
the
custome
of
men
to
pursue
small
beginnings
with
an
ardent
affection
,
the
young
men
added
gesture
to
the
pious
and
reverent
words
which
they
us'd
towards
the
Gods
,
though
with
a
rustick
and
uncompos'd
motion
of
their
Bodies
.
Which
occasioned
the
calling
of
Ludius
out
of
Hetruria
,
whose
comely
swiftness
after
the
manner
of
the
Curetes
and
Lydians
,
from
whom
the
Hetrurians
had
their
Original
,
was
a
pleasing
Novelty
to
the
eyes
of
the
Romans
:
and
because
Ludius
was
among
them
called
Histrio
,
therefore
all
Players
were
afterwards
called
Histriones
.
At
length
the
Discipline
of
praying
advanced
it self
to
the
measures
of
the
Sa●yrs
:
whence
first
of
all
the
Poet
Livie
took
the
affections
of
the
people
with
Historical
Arguments
.
He
being
often
bawl'd
at
by
the
people
,
to
please
um
having
injur'd
his
Voice
,
at
length
by
the
assistance
of
a
Boy
and
a
Musician
perform'd
his
Action
in
quiet
:
for
he
alwaies
acted
his
own
Works
himself
.
The
Attellans
were
call'd
in
by
the
Osci
;
which
sort
of
recreation
being
temper'd
by
the
Italian
Severity
,
continued
without
any
blemish
;
for
they
were
neither
remov'd
from
their
Tribe
,
nor
debarr'd
of
Military
Stipends
.
5.
And
because
it
appears
by
their
names
whence
the
other
Plaies
had
their
derivation
,
it
may
not
seem
absurd
to
relate
the
beginning
of
the
Secular
Games
,
the
knowledg
whereof
is
least
certain
.
At
what
time
the
City
and
Country
was
afflicted
with
a
most
violent
Pestilence
,
one
Valesius
a
certain
rich
man
,
who
led
a
countrey
life
,
his
two
Sons
and
his
Daughter
being
all
desperately
sick
,
as
he
was
reaching
some
hot
water
for
um
from
the
fire
,
kneeling
on
his
knees
,
pray'd
his
familiar
Houshold-gods
that
they
would
turn
the
evil
from
his
Children
upon
his
own
head
.
Presently
he
heard
a
voice
,
which
told
him
his
Children
should
recover
,
if
he
would
carry
them
down
the
River
Tiber
to
Tarentum
,
and
there
refresh
them
with
hot
water
from
the
Altar
of
Dis
and
Proserpina
.
Being
troubled
at
this
Prediction
,
because
it
was
a
long
and
dangerous
Voyage
;
yet
hope
overcoming
his
present
fear
,
he
carried
the
Children
to
the
Banks
of
Tiber
,
(
for
he
lived
in
a
house
of
his
own
,
in
a
Village
call'd
Eretum
,
adjoining
to
the
Countrey
of
the
Sabines
)
and
in
a
little
Vessel
sayling
to
Ostia
,
he
put
in
about
the
middle
of
the
Night
at
the
Field
of
Mars
.
At
which
time
the
Children
being
thirsty
,
and
there
being
no
means
to
relieve
um
,
for
that
there
was
no
fire
in
the
Vessel
,
the
Pilot
told
him
,
that
he
had
discovered
a
smoak
not
far
off
.
Who
thereupon
being
commanded
to
go
ashore
to
Terentum
,
that
was
the
name
of
the
place
,
he
hastily
took
a
Cup
,
which
assoon
as
he
had
fill'd
out
of
the
River
in
that
place
where
the
smoak
arose
,
he
return'd
very
chearful
,
believing
that
now
he
had
obtained
the
footsteps
of
a
Remedy
sent
from
Heaven
,
and
in
a
field
that
rather
seem'd
to
smoak
than
have
any
reliques
of
fire
;
getting
such
fuel
as
by
chance
he
met
with
,
and
stedfastly
pursuing
the
Omen
,
with
continual
blowing
,
he
kindled
a
fire
,
and
brought
warm
water
to
the
Children
.
Which
they
had
no
sooner
drank
off
,
but
falling
into
a
quiet
sleep
,
they
suddenly
recover'd
of
their
distemper
.
Waking
,
they
related
to
their
Father
,
that
they
had
seen
they
knew
not
what
gods
,
which
wip'd
their
Skins
with
a
Sponge
,
and
commanded
them
that
they
should
offer
Sacrifices
of
black
Beasts
at
the
Altar
of
Dis
and
Proserpina
,
where
the
Potion
of
water
was
first
brought
them
,
making
withal
Nocturnal
Plays
and
Tables
covered
.
The
Father
,
because
he
saw
no
Altar
there
,
believing
that
it
was
expected
that
he
should
build
one
,
went
to
the
City
to
buy
one
,
leaving
upon
the
place
certain
Workmen
to
dig
the
foundation
.
They
in
prosecution
of
their
Masters
command
having
digg'd
a
mat●er
of
20
foot
deep
,
at
length
beheld
an
Altar
inscribed
to
Father
Dis
and
Proserpina
.
Which
being
told
to
Valesius
by
his
Servant
,
he
left
off
his
purpose
of
buying
an
Altar
,
and
offer'd
black
Sacrifices
at
Terentum
,
and
provided
Plays
and
cover'd
Tables
three
whole
Nights
together
,
for
that
he
had
three
Children
.
6.
Whose
example
Publius
Publicola
,
who
was
the
first
Consul
,
following
,
out
of
a
desire
to
recover
the
health
of
his
Citizens
,
making
publick
vows
at
the
same
Altar
,
offer'd
certain
black
Oxen
to
Dis
and
Proserpina
,
and
caus'd
Plays
to
be
acted
and
Tables
cover'd
for
three
Nights
together
,
and
then
cover'd
the
Altar
with
earth
as
it
was
before
.
7.
As
Wealth
increas'd
,
Pomp
and
Magnificence
was
added
to
the
Religion
of
Plays
.
To
which
purpose
Q.
Catulus
imitating
the
Campanian
Luxury
,
was
the
first
that
cover'd
the
Seats
o●
the
Spectators
with
Canvas
.
Cn.
Pompey
before
any
other
temper'd
the
heat
of
Summer
,
by
bringing
little
Streams
to
run
along
the
sides
of
the
Ways
.
Cn.
Pulcher
was
the
first
that
adorn'd
the
Scenes
with
variety
of
Colours
.
Which
afterward
Antonie
cover'd
with
Silver
.
Petreius
with
Gold
.
Q.
Catulus
with
Ebony
.
Luculius
made
them
of
turn'd
work
.
Spinther
adorn'd
them
with
Silver
.
Afterwards
Scaurus
abolishing
the
use
of
Punick
Cloaks
,
brought
in
fashion
a
more
exquisite
kind
of
Garment
.
8.
The
Gift
of
Gladiators
Shews
was
first
presented
in
Rome
in
the
Ox-Market
,
in
the
Consulship
of
App.
Claudius
and
M.
Fulvius
.
Another
was
given
by
Marcus
and
Decius
the
Sons
of
Brutus
,
to
honour
their
Fathers
Funerals
.
The
Shews
of
the
Wrestlers
were
presented
at
the
charge
of
M.
Scaurus
.
CHAP.
V.
Of
Frugality
and
Innocency
.
-
1.
The
first
Golden
Statue
in
the
City
.
-
2.
The
Civil
Law
,
with
Holidays
first
proclaimed
.
-
3.
The
first
examination
of
Witchcraft
.
-
4.
The
first
Colledge
of
Musicians
.
-
5.
The
Frugality
of
the
Antients
.
-
6.
The
Chappel
of
the
Goddess
Feaver
.
1.
NEver
any
man
beheld
a
Golden
Statue
either
in
the
City
,
or
in
any
other
part
of
Italy
,
till
there
was
one
erected
by
M.
Acilius
Glabrio
to
his
Father
,
of
the
Order
of
Knighthood
,
in
the
Temple
of
Piety
:
Which
Temple
he
himself
dedicated
in
the
Consulship
of
Cor.
Lentulus
and
M.
Baebius
Tamphilus
;
his
father
having
obtain'd
the
end
of
his
Vow
,
when
he
had
overthrown
Antiochus
at
the
Battle
of
Thermopylae
.
2
The
Civil
Law
was
for
many
Ages
concealed
among
the
most
sacred
Arcana
and
Ceremonies
of
the
immortal
Gods
,
and
only
known
to
the
High-Priests
;
but
at
last
made
common
by
Cn.
Flavius
a
Scribe
,
whose
Father
was
a
Slave
manumitted
:
He
being
also
made
the
Charioter
Aedil
,
though
to
the
great
offence
and
indignation
of
the
Nobility
that
were
Freemen
born
,
first
ordain'd
the
Publication
of
Holy-days
.
Coming
to
visit
his
Colleague
that
was
sick
,
and
none
of
the
Nobles
,
of
which
the
Room
was
full
,
rising
to
let
him
sit
,
he
commanded
his
Seat
of
Office
to
be
brought
him
;
and
so
in
vindication
of
his
own
Honour
,
and
scorn
of
their
Contempt
,
sate
down
.
3.
The
examination
of
Witchcraft
,
formerly
unknown
to
the
Customs
and
Laws
of
the
Romans
,
came
to
be
in
use
upon
the
detection
of
several
Crimes
committed
by
certain
ancient
Matrons
;
who
having
secretly
poyson'd
their
Husbands
,
being
at
length
discovered
by
a
Maid-servant
,
above
an
hundred
and
seventy
suffer'd
death
.
4.
The
Colledge
of
Musicians
drew
the
eyes
of
the
common
people
upon
them
,
being
wont
upon
private
and
publick
Spectacles
to
play
in
Consort
,
in
vary-colour'd
Habits
and
Masques
.
From
thence
they
took
farther
liberty
.
Of
old
being
forbid
to
diet
in
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
,
which
was
the
antient
Custome
,
in
great
discontent
they
retired
to
Tibur
.
But
the
Senate
not
brooking
the
want
of
their
service
at
the
sacred
Festivals
,
by
their
Ambassadors
requested
of
the
Tiburtines
,
that
they
would
send
um
back
to
Rome
.
They
refusing
to
go
,
the
Tiburtines
invited
um
to
a
great
Banquet
,
and
while
they
were
overcome
with
Sleep
and
Drink
,
put
um
in
Carts
,
and
sent
um
away
.
When
they
were
return'd
,
they
were
restor'd
to
their
former
honour
,
and
their
priviledges
of
Play
granted
them
.
They
us'd
Masks
,
being
asham'd
of
their
being
circumvented
in
drink
.
5.
The
plain
Diet
of
the
Antients
was
a
most
certain
sign
of
their
Humanity
and
Continency
.
For
then
the
greatest
men
took
it
for
no
discredit
to
Dine
and
Sup
in
open
view
.
Nor
had
they
any
Banquets
which
they
were
asham'd
to
conceal
from
the
eyes
of
the
People
.
They
were
so
addicted
to
Continence
,
that
the
use
of
Pulse
was
more
frequent
than
Bread
.
And
therefore
that
Cake
,
which
was
us'd
in
their
Sacrifices
,
was
made
only
of
Barley
and
Salt
.
The
Entrails
were
sprinkled
with
Barley
;
and
they
fed
the
Pullets
whence
they
took
their
Omens
,
with
Pulse
.
For
of
old
,
they
thought
the
Offerings
of
their
Diet
,
by
how
much
the
plainer
it
was
,
so
much
the
more
efficacious
to
appease
the
Gods
.
6.
Other
Gods
they
ador'd
,
that
they
might
do
them
good
.
But
to
the
Disease
Feaver
they
built
a
Temple
,
that
she
might
do
them
the
less
hurt
.
Among
which
there
was
one
in
the
Palatium
,
another
in
the
Court
of
Marians
Monuments
,
a
third
at
the
upper
●nd
of
the
Long
Village
.
And
there
were
all
Remedies
laid
up
,
proper
for
the
sick
.
These
were
found
out
by
experience
to
asswage
the
heats
of
human
rage
,
besides
they
preserv'd
their
Health
by
the
most
certain
assistance
of
Industry
:
Frugality
being
as
it
were
the
●other
of
their
Sanity
,
an
Enemy
to
luxurious
Banquets
,
and
altogether
averse
from
riotous
drinking
,
and
immoderate
Venus
.
CHAP.
VI.
Of
Forreign
Institutions
.
-
1.
Frugality
of
the
Spartans
.
-
2.
Their
Military
Custome
.
-
3.
The
Athenian
Custome
against
idle
Persons
.
-
4.
Their
Areopagus
.
-
5.
Their
honour
of
Vertue
.
-
6.
Their
punishment
of
Ingratitude
.
-
7.
Various
Institutions
of
the
Massilienses
.
-
8.
The
Ceii
poysoning
themselves
.
-
9.
The
Law
of
the
Massilienses
concerning
armed
Strangers
.
-
10.
The
Custome
of
the
Gauls
in
lending
.
-
11.
The
Custome
of
the
Cimbrians
and
Cel●●berians
in
their
first
Onsets
.
-
12.
The
opinion
of
the
Thracians
of
the
misfortunes
of
Life
.
-
13
The
mourning
of
the
Lycians
.
-
14.
The
Fidelity
of
the
Indian
Women
to
their
Husbands
.
-
15.
Prostitution
of
the
Punic
Women
.
-
16.
The
Custome
of
the
Persians
in
Education
of
Children
.
-
17.
How
the
Numidian
Kings
preserved
their
Authority
.
1.
THe
City
of
Sparta
follow'd
the
same
Rules
,
being
the
nearest
to
the
Gravity
of
our
Ancestors
:
who
continuing
for
some
years
most
obedient
to
the
severe
Laws
of
Lycurgus
,
would
by
no
means
permit
the
eyes
of
their
Citizens
to
behold
the
delicacies
of
Asia
;
lest
being
tempted
with
the
Allurements
of
that
Countrey
,
they
should
degenerate
into
a
voluptuous
Life
.
For
they
had
heard
that
all
manner
of
Excess
,
all
kind
of
unnecessary
Pleasures
did
there
abound
;
And
that
the
Ionians
were
the
first
that
used
Anointing
and
giving
Crowns
and
Garlands
at
Feasts
,
and
brought
up
the
custome
of
a
Second
Course
,
no
small
incitements
to
Luxury
.
And
it
is
no
wonder
,
that
men
delighting
in
Labour
and
Patience
,
would
not
that
the
most
indissoluble
Nerves
of
their
Countrey
should
be
weakned
and
broken
by
the
contagion
of
forreign
Delicacies
:
finding
it
easier
to
decline
from
Vertue
to
Luxury
,
than
to
recede
from
Luxury
to
Vertue
.
Which
that
it
was
no
vain
fear
of
theirs
,
their
Captain
Pausanias
made
apparent
,
who
after
he
had
perform'd
great
Actions
,
was
not
asham'd
to
suffer
his
Fortitude
to
be
softned
with
the
effeminate
Behaviour
and
Apparel
of
Asia
.
2.
The
Armies
of
the
same
City
were
never
wont
to
joyn
Battle
,
till
they
had
heated
their
Courage
with
the
sound
of
their
Flutes
,
whose
Tunes
went
all
in
Anapaestic
measures
,
whereby
they
were
taught
to
assail
:
their
Enemies
with
smart
and
thick
Blows
.
They
also
were
wont
to
use
Scarlet
Coats
,
to
hide
the
Blood
of
their
Wounds
.
Not
that
the
sight
thereof
was
any
terror
to
them
,
but
that
their
Enemies
should
gain
no
heart
or
Courage
thereby
.
3.
Remarkable
was
the
Valour
of
the
Lacedaemonians
in
War
;
yet
no
less
memorable
were
the
most
prudent
Customes
of
the
Athenians
in
Peace
:
Among
whom
Sloath
was
ferreted
out
of
her
lurking
holes
,
and
brought
to
receive
punishment
as
a
Criminal
,
in
their
publick
Courts
of
Justice
.
4.
There
was
also
among
them
a
most
sacred
Councel
,
call'd
the
Areopagus
,
where
diligent
enquiry
was
wont
to
be
made
;
what
course
of
life
every
one
took
,
and
what
every
one
did
to
maintain
themselves
;
that
men
might
be
induced
to
follow
honesty
,
finding
so
severe
accompt
was
taken
of
their
Actions
.
5.
This
Council
first
introduced
the
custome
of
giving
Crowns
to
vertuous
Citizens
,
encircling
first
the
famous
Brows
of
Pericles
,
with
two
little
wreaths
of
Olive
.
A
noble
Institution
,
whether
we
look
at
the
thing
,
or
the
Person
.
For
Honour
is
the
most
fruitful
nourishm●nt
of
Vertue
;
and
Pericles
a
most
worthy
person
for
Posterity
to
take
the
example
of
giving
Honour
to
desert
.
6.
What
shall
we
say
of
that
most
memorable
Institution
among
the
A
henians
?
When
a
Servant
manumitted
by
his
Patron
,
and
afterwards
convicted
by
him
of
Ingratitude
,
the
Servant
was
thereupon
deprived
of
his
Liberty
.
We
dismiss
thee
,
said
the
Councel
,
an
impious
contemner
of
so
great
a
gift
.
Nor
could
they
be
induced
to
believe
that
he
would
prove
a
profitable
Member
of
the
City
,
who
was
so
wicked
in
his
own
Family
.
Be
gone
therefore
,
and
be
a
Servant
,
that
knowest
not
the
value
of
being
free
.
7.
The
Massilians
likewise
to
this
day
retain
a
very
great
strictness
in
Discipline
,
through
their
observance
of
antient
Customes
,
eminent
for
their
love
to
the
Romans
.
They
perm
t
a
man
to
make
void
the
liberty
which
he
has
given
to
his
Servant
,
if
they
finde
the
Servant
to
have
deceived
the
Master
three
times
.
The
fourth
time
they
give
no
relief
to
the
Master
,
whose
own
fault
it
was
to
let
himself
be
injur'd
so
often
.
The
same
City
is
also
a
most
strict
observer
of
Severity
;
for
they
give
no
admission
to
Mimicks
to
come
upon
the
Stage
,
the
subject
of
whose
Plays
consisting
generally
in
relations
of
Adulteries
,
lest
the
Custome
of
beholding
should
beget
a
Custome
of
committing
the
crime
.
They
shut
their
doors
against
all
that
beg
under
pretence
of
Religion
;
esteeming
Simulation
and
Superstition
two
things
not
to
be
endur'd
.
The
Sword
with
which
Criminals
are
put
to
death
,
hath
been
there
ever
since
the
City
was
built
,
so
rusty
,
that
it
is
scarce
fit
for
the
purpose
,
but
still
remains
to
shew
the
great
veneration
which
they
give
to
antient
Monuments
.
There
are
also
two
Cossins
at
their
Gates
,
in
the
one
of
which
they
put
the
bodies
of
Free-men
,
in
the
other
of
Servants
,
and
so
put
them
in
a
Cart
to
be
carried
to
the
Grave
:
the
Funeral
is
p●rformed
without
lamentations
or
crying
for
the
Dead
,
making
only
a
domestick
Sacrifice
,
and
providing
a
Collation
for
the
Kindred
.
For
what
avails
it
to
indulge
Human
Passion
,
or
to
envy
the
Gods
,
because
they
would
not
share
their
Immortality
with
us
?
Poyson
is
also
kept
in
the
City
,
and
is
given
to
those
who
give
sufficient
reason
to
the
Six
Hundred
(
that
is
the
name
of
their
Senate
)
why
they
desire
to
die
.
Manly
Courage
being
temper'd
with
Kindness
,
while
the
Senate
takes
care
that
they
do
not
inconsiderately
make
away
themselves
,
yet
are
willing
to
give
as
easie
a
Death
as
may
be
to
those
that
upon
good
grounds
desire
it
.
8.
Which
Custome
I
believe
not
to
have
had
its
orginal
in
Gaul
,
but
to
have
been
brought
out
of
Greece
,
finding
it
to
have
been
observ'd
in
the
Island
of
Ceum
,
at
what
time
going
for
Asia
with
Sextus
Pompeius
,
I
came
to
the
City
of
Julida
.
It
happened
that
there
was
in
the
City
a
Woman
of
very
great
Quality
,
but
very
aged
,
that
had
resolved
,
after
accompt
given
to
the
Senate
why
she
desired
to
live
no
longer
,
to
make
her self
away
with
Poyson
,
thinking
her
Death
would
be
more
famous
through
the
presence
of
Pompey
.
Nor
could
he
,
a
person
full
of
all
Vertue
,
and
of
a
sweet
disposition
,
refuse
her
Petition
.
And
therefore
after
he
had
in
a
most
eloquent
Oration
,
that
dropt
from
his
lips
like
Honey
,
us'd
all
the
perswasions
that
might
be
to
disswade
her
from
her
purpose
,
and
saw
he
could
not
prevail
,
he
permitted
her
to
take
her
course
.
So
having
past
▪
the
Ninetieth
year
of
her
Age
,
with
a
great
magnan●mity
and
chearful
Countenance
,
throwing
her self
upon
a
Bed
,
which
was
more
gayly
trimm'd
than
ordinary
,
and
leaning
upon
her
Elbow
,
beholding
Pompey
,
The
Gods
,
said
she
,
whom
I
leave
behind
▪
not
those
to
which
I
am
going
,
give
thee
thanks
;
because
thou
neither
dost
exhort
me
to
live
,
nor
loath
to
see
me
die
.
As
for
my self
,
who
have
always
been
in
Fortunes
favour
,
lest
out
of
a
desire
of
life
I
should
finde
her
frowns
,
I
am
willing
to
change
the
remnant
of
my
breath
for
a
happy
conclusion
,
leaving
bebind
me
two
Daughters
,
and
seaven
Grand
children
.
After
that
exhorting
them
all
to
Unity
,
and
dividing
her
Estate
among
them
,
giving
her
Cloaths
and
Domestick
Sacrata
to
her
Eldest
Daughter
,
with
a
wonderful
chearfulness
she
took
the
Cup
wherein
the
Poyson
was
mixt
,
in
her
right
hand
:
Then
pouring
out
her
Offerings
to
Mercury
,
and
invoking
his
Deity
to
grant
her
a
pleasant
Journey
to
the
best
part
of
the
Infernal
Region
,
greedily
she
drank
the
Potion
off
.
Then
as
the
Poyson
seized
her
particular
parts
,
she
told
us
;
and
when
she
found
it
approaching
to
her
Bowels
and
Heart
,
she
call'd
her
Daughters
to
do
their
last
Duty
of
closing
her
Eyes
.
Our
People
admiring
at
so
strange
a
sight
,
departed
with
tears
however
in
their
Eyes
.
9.
But
to
return
to
the
City
of
the
Massilians
,
from
whence
this
Digression
made
us
wander
;
There
is
no
person
to
enter
their
City
with
a
Dart
:
But
going
forth
again
,
he
that
received
it
is
ready
to
return
it
again
;
endeavouring
thereby
to
make
their
Entertainment
as
safe
as
courteous
.
10.
Going
out
of
their
Walls
,
we
meet
an
antient
Custome
of
the
Gauls
,
who
were
wont
to
lend
Money
,
to
receive
it
again
in
the
other
World
;
being
perswaded
of
the
truth
of
the
Immortality
of
the
Soul
.
I
should
call
them
fools
,
but
that
they
were
of
the
same
opinion
as
Pythagoras
.
11.
The
Philosophy
of
the
Gauls
was
covetous
and
usurious
;
that
of
the
Cimbrians
and
Celtiberians
couragious
and
resolute
;
who
in
Battle-array
rejoyced
that
they
should
gloriously
and
happily
die
,
but
upon
their
Death-beds
lamented
that
they
should
perish
poorly
in
shame
and
misery
.
For
the
Celtiberians
thought
it
a
crime
to
survive
in
Battle
,
when
any
Friend
was
slain
,
for
whose
preservation
he
had
devoted
his
life
.
12.
But
the
People
of
Thrace
deservedly
challenge
to
themselves
the
praise
of
Wisdome
,
who
at
the
Birth
of
Children
weep
,
at
the
Funerals
of
Men
rejoyce
;
taught
by
no
other
Precepts
than
the
true
condition
of
Human
Nature
.
And
therefore
,
let
all
Creatures
but
extinguish
in
themselves
the
love
of
Life
,
which
compels
them
to
act
and
suffer
many
ugly
things
,
especially
when
it
lies
in
their
power
to
make
a
happy
and
blessed
end
of
living
.
13.
Wherefore
the
Lycians
,
when
they
have
any
occasion
of
lamentation
,
put
on
Womens
Apparel
〈◊〉
that
being
moved
with
the
deformity
of
the
Habit
,
it
might
be
a
motive
to
them
to
make
a
quicker
end
of
their
sorrow
.
14.
But
why
should
I
insist
longer
upon
the
praise
of
Men
,
though
most
couragious
in
this
kind
of
prudence
?
Let
us
observe
the
Indian
Women
,
where
it
was
the
Custome
for
one
Man
to
have
many
Wives
.
Among
whom
so
soon
as
the
Husband
died
,
there
us'd
to
be
great
strife
and
contention
,
which
was
the
best
belov'd
by
the
dead
.
She
that
gets
the
Victory
,
triumphing
for
joy
,
is
led
by
her
Kindred
to
her
Husbands
Funeral
Pile
;
which
being
set
on
fire
,
with
a
chearful
and
smiling
Countenance
,
the
throws
herself
into
the
midst
of
the
flames
,
and
is
burnt
with
her
Husband
,
accounting
herself
most
happy
in
her
end
.
Bring
forth
the
Cimbrian
boldness
,
adde
to
that
the
Celtiberian
faith
,
to
this
joyn
the
generous
wisdom
of
Thrace
,
not
forgetting
the
cunning
custome
of
the
Lycians
in
Mourning
;
there
is
none
of
these
that
excels
the
Indian
Funeral
,
into
which
the
pious
Wife
,
assured
to
die
,
enters
,
as
into
her
Nuptial
Bed
.
15.
To
their
glory
I
will
adde
the
infamy
of
the
Carthaginian
Dames
,
that
by
comparison
it
may
appear
more
odious
.
They
had
among
um
the
Temple
of
Dry
Venus
,
where
the
Matrons
were
wont
to
meet
.
There
,
by
the
injury
of
their
Bodies
,
they
were
wont
to
raise
themselves
Portions
;
accounting
it
no
dishonour
,
to
tie
the
honest
Marriage-Knot
with
such
a
dishonest
Band.
16.
But
the
Custome
of
the
Persians
was
more
laudable
,
who
were
never
wont
to
see
their
Children
,
till
they
were
Seven
Years
old
;
that
so
they
might
the
more
easily
brook
their
loss
,
if
they
died
in
their
Infancy
.
17.
Nor
was
the
Custome
of
the
Numidian
Kings
to
be
blam'd
,
who
were
never
accustom'd
to
give
a
Kiss
to
any
Mortal
.
Esteeming
it
fitting
,
that
Soveraign
Authority
should
be
void
of
all
common
and
familiar
Customes
,
that
might
lessen
the
Reverence
due
to
Majes●y
.
CHAP.
VII
.
Of
Military
Discipline
.
Observed
by
the
Romans
.
-
1.
P.
Scipio
Emilianus
Cos.
-
2.
Q.
Metellus
Numidicus
.
-
3.
P.
Rupilius
Cos.
-
4.
Caius
Cotta
.
-
5.
Q.
Fulvius
Flaccus
Censor
.
-
6.
A.
Posthumius
Tubertus
Dictator
,
and
T.
Manlius
Torquatus
.
-
7.
Quintus
Cincinnatus
Dictator
.
-
8.
Q.
Papirius
Cursor
Dict.
-
9.
L.
Calpurnius
Piso
Cos.
-
10.
Q.
Metellus
Proconsul
.
-
11.
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
Proconsul
.
-
12.
P.
African
the
Greater
.
-
13.
P.
African
the
Less
.
-
14.
L.
Emilius
Paulus
Proc.
-
15.
The
Roman
Senate
.
External
.
-
1.
The
Carthaginian
Senate
.
-
2.
Clearchus
Captain
of
the
Spartans
.
I
Now
come
to
the
principal
Glory
,
and
chief
establishment
of
the
Roman
Empire
,
remaining
to
this
day
in
a
healthy
continuance
of
inviolable
Liberty
,
knit
together
with
most
firm
and
lasting
cords
of
her
Military
Discipline
,
in
the
safeguard
of
whose
bosome
Peace
and
Tranquillity
securely
repose
.
1.
Pub.
Cornelius
Scipio
,
who
received
his
Sirname
from
the
ruine
of
Carthage
,
being
sent
Consul
into
Spain
,
that
he
might
curb
the
insolent
spirit
of
the
Citizens
of
Numantium
,
grown
proud
and
lofty
through
the
r●●nisness
of
the
Captains
his
Predecessors
,
the
same
moment
that
he
entred
the
Camp
,
made
a
Law
,
that
they
should
throw
away
all
things
whatsoever
which
they
had
about
them
,
that
was
only
for
bravery
and
pleasure
,
and
otherwife
unnecessary
.
Whereupon
there
were
above
two
thousand
Whores
,
Sutlers
and
Hucksters
turn'd
out
of
the
Camp
.
Upon
which
the
Army
,
being
clear'd
of
all
that
luggage
and
filth
,
that
lately
for
fear
of
death
had
sham'd
themselves
with
an
ignomimous
Truce
,
now
refresh'd
,
and
recovering
new
vigour
and
courage
,
in
a
short
time
laid
the
fierce
and
haughty
Numantium
level
with
the
ground
.
Thus
Mancinus
miserably
surrendring
himself
,
was
an
argument
of
Discipline
Neglected
;
Scipio
gloriously
triumphing
,
publish'd
the
reward
of
Discipline
Revived
.
2.
Metellus
following
his
example
,
when
in
the
War
with
Jugurth
he
took
the
command
of
the
Army
as
Consul
,
corrupted
through
the
Lenity
of
Albinus
,
labour'd
with
all
his
might
to
recover
the
antient
Discipline
.
Nor
did
he
aim
at
particular
parts
,
but
immediately
reduced
the
whole
into
Order
.
First
he
remov'd
the
Sutlers
out
of
the
Camp
,
and
forbid
Meat
ready
drest
to
be
fold
.
He
permitted
none
of
the
Souldiers
to
have
Servants
or
Horses
to
carry
their
Arms
,
or
to
fetch
or
provide
um
Victuals
.
Then
he
changed
the
place
of
the
Camp
,
and
fortified
himself
in
the
same
manner
,
as
if
Jugurth
had
been
at
hand
,
with
Ditch
and
Breast-work
.
Now
what
was
the
event
of
Continence
restored
,
and
Industry
revived
?
It
obtain'd
frequent
Victories
,
and
innumerable
Trophies
from
that
Enemy
,
whose
back
under
an
ambitious
Commander
,
it
had
not
been
the
good
fortune
of
the
Roman
Souldiers
to
see
before
.
3.
Nor
did
they
a
little
countenance
Military
Discipline
,
who
not
regarding
the
affectionate
ties
of
Kindred
,
did
not
refuse
to
revenge
the
breach
and
neglect
thereof
to
the
infamy
of
their
Families
.
For
Publius
Rupilius
the
Consul
,
in
that
War
which
he
wag'd
in
Sicily
against
the
Fugitives
,
banished
his
Son-in-Law
out
of
his
Province
,
for
loosing
negligently
the
Castle
of
Taurominitanum
.
4.
Caius
Cotta
caus'd
Pub.
Aurelius
Pecuniola
,
his
near
Relation
,
to
be
publickly
whipt
(
or
rather
run
the
Gauntlet
)
&
to
serve
as
a
common
Souldier
afterwards
,
for
that
through
his
fault
,
in
the
absence
of
the
Consul
,
who
going
to
Messana
to
consult
the
Auguries
,
had
left
him
in
command
of
the
Army
,
the
Fortification
was
burnt
,
and
the
Camp
almost
taken
.
5.
Quintus
Fulvius
Censor
turn'd
his
Brother
out
of
the
Senate
,
for
that
he
had
presumed
to
s●nd
home
a
Cohort
of
the
Legion
▪
wherein
he
was
a
Tribune
,
without
the
leave
of
the
Consul
.
What
more
difficult
for
a
man
to
do
,
than
to
send
back
with
ignominy
to
his
Country
a
person
nearly
related
by
Family
and
Marriage
;
or
to
use
the
severity
of
Stripes
to
a
person
allied
in
a
long
series
of
Blood
and
Kindred
;
or
to
bend
his
Censors
frown
upon
the
dear
Relation
of
a
Brother
?
6.
But
our
City
,
which
hath
fill'd
the
world
with
wonderful
Examples
of
all
sorts
,
with
a
double
face
beholds
her
Axes
reeking
with
the
Blood
of
her
Commanders
,
lest
the
disturbance
of
Military
Discipline
should
go
unpunish'd
,
pompous
abroad
,
but
the
cause
of
private
grief
enough
;
uncertain
whether
to
perform
the
office
of
congratulating
or
comforting
.
And
therefore
with
doubtful
thoughts
have
I
coupled
you
two
together
,
most
severe
observers
of
Warlike
Discipline
,
Posthumus
Tubertus
,
and
Manlius
Torquatus
;
For
I
apprehend
a
fear
of
sinking
under
that
weight
of
Praise
which
ye
have
merited
,
and
discovering
the
weakenss
of
my
Wit
,
while
I
presume
to
represent
your
Vertue
as
it
should
be
.
For
thou
,
O
Posthumus
Dictator
,
didst
cause
thy
victorious
Son
Aulus
Posthumus
to
be
beheaded
;
thy
Son
whom
thou
didst
beget
to
propagate
the
succession
of
thy
renowned
Race
,
and
the
secret
instructions
of
thy
most
sacred
traditions
,
the
allurements
of
whose
infancy
thou
hadst
cherish'd
in
thy
Bosome
and
with
thy
Kisses
,
whom
a
Child
thou
hadst
instructed
in
Learning
,
a
Man
in
Arms
;
good
,
couragious
,
and
obedient
both
to
thee
and
to
his
Countrey
;
only
because
without
thy
command
,
without
thy
leave
,
he
had
overthrown
his
enemies
,
thy
fatherly
command
was
the
Executioner
.
For
I
am
certain
,
thine
eyes
,
orewhelm'd
with
darkenss
in
the
brightest
light
,
could
not
behold
the
great
work
of
thy
mind
.
But
thou
Manlius
Torquatus
,
Consul
in
the
Latine
War
,
didst
command
thy
Son
to
be
carried
away
by
the
Officer
,
and
to
be
slain
like
a
Sacrifice
,
though
he
obtain'd
a
noble
Victory
,
for
that
he
had
presum'd
to
fight
with
Geminius
Metius
Captain
of
the
Tuscans
,
when
provoked
to
the
Combat
by
him
.
Esteeming
it
better
,
that
a
Father
should
want
a
couragious
Son
,
than
thy
Countrey
want
Military
Discipline
.
7.
Again
,
of
what
spirit
think
ye
was
Quintus
Cincinnatus
the
Dictator
,
at
that
time
when
the
Aequi
being
vanquished
▪
he
compelled
Minutius
to
lay
down
the
Consulship
,
because
the
Enemies
had
besieged
his
Camp
?
For
he
thought
him
unworthy
the
greatest
command
,
whom
●ot
his
Virtue
,
but
his
Trenches
and
his
Breastworks
secur'd
,
and
who
was
not
ashamed
to
see
the
Roman
Arms
,
trembling
for
fear
,
shut
up
in
their
Turn-pikes
.
Thus
the
most
commanding
twelve
Fasces
,
with
whom
remain'd
the
chief
honour
of
the
Senate
,
of
the
Order
of
Knighthood
,
of
all
the
People
,
with
whose
Nod
all
Latium
,
and
all
the
strength
of
Italy
was
govern'd
,
now
shatter'd
and
broken
,
submitted
to
the
punishing
authority
of
the
Dictatorship
.
And
lest
the
breach
of
Military
Honour
should
go
unpunish'd
,
the
Consul
,
punisher
of
all
Crimes
,
must
himself
be
punished
.
By
these
Propitiatory
Sacrifices
,
as
I
may
so
say
,
O
Mars
the
Father
of
our
Empire
,
when
we
degenerated
from
thy
auspicious
Discipline
,
thy
Deity
was
appeas'd
:
By
the
infamy
of
Kindred
,
Relations
and
Brothers
,
by
the
murder
of
Sons
,
and
the
ignominious
degrading
of
Consuls
.
8.
To
the
same
purpose
is
that
which
follows
.
Papirius
Cursor
Dictator
,
when
Q.
Fabius
Rullianus
Master
of
the
Horse
had
contrary
to
his
command
brought
forth
the
Army
to
Battle
,
though
he
return'd
a
Victor
over
the
Samnites
,
yet
neither
mov'd
with
his
Virtue
,
with
his
Success
,
nor
with
his
Nobility
,
he
caus'd
the
Rods
to
be
made
ready
,
and
the
Conquerour
to
be
stript
.
A
spectacle
of
wonder
to
behold
Rullianus
,
Master
of
the
Horse
,
and
a
victorious
General
,
his
Cloaths
pull'd
off
,
his
Body
naked
,
to
be
lacerated
with
the
stripes
of
an
Executioner
,
to
no
other
end
than
to
sprinkle
the
glorious
honour
of
his
Victories
,
so
lately
obtain'd
,
with
the
fresh
Blood
of
those
Wounds
,
which
he
had
received
in
the
Field
,
drawn
from
his
Body
by
the
knotted
stripes
of
the
Lictor
.
At
length
the
Army
,
mov'd
by
his
Prayers
,
gave
him
the
Opportunity
of
flying
into
the
City
,
where
in
vain
he
implored
the
aid
of
the
Senate
;
for
Papirius
notwithstanding
persever'd
in
requiring
his
punishment
,
Wherefore
his
Father
,
after
having
been
Dictator
,
and
three
times
Consul
,
was
compell'd
to
appeal
to
the
People
,
and
upon
his
Knees
to
beg
the
assistance
of
the
Tribunes
in
the
behalf
of
his
Son
.
Neither
by
this
means
could
the
Severity
of
Papirius
be
restain'd
;
but
being
intreated
by
the
whole
City
,
and
by
the
Tribunes
themselves
,
made
a
protestation
,
that
he
forgave
the
Punishment
mot
to
Fabius
,
but
to
the
City
of
Rome
,
and
the
Authority
of
the
Tribunes
.
9.
L.
Calpurnius
Piso
also
being
Consul
,
being
in
Sicily
making
war
against
the
Fugitives
,
when
C.
Titius
Commander
of
the
Horse
being
environ'd
and
oppress'd
by
the
multitude
of
the
Enemy
,
had
with
the
rest
of
his
Souldiers
deliver'd
their
Arms
to
the
Enemy
,
he
punisht
him
with
several
marks
of
Ignominy
:
He
commanded
him
to
march
barefoot
,
in
the
first
Ranks
,
from
Morning
till
Night
,
with
a
Jacket
,
the
skirts
whereof
were
cut
off
,
and
his
Cloak
slit
from
top
to
bottom
:
he
forbad
him
also
the
converse
of
Men
,
and
use
of
Baths
;
and
the
Troops
which
he
commanded
having
taken
away
their
Horses
,
he
divided
them
among
the
Slingers
.
Thus
to
his
great
honour
did
Piso
revenge
the
great
dishonour
of
his
Countrey
,
having
brought
it
so
to
pass
,
that
they
who
out
of
a
desire
of
Life
,
and
deserving
to
be
hanged
,
had
suffer'd
their
Arms
to
become
the
Trophies
of
Fugitives
,
and
were
not
ashamed
to
permit
the
ignominious
youk
of
Servitude
to
be
laid
upon
their
Liberty
by
the
hands
of
Slaves
,
might
experience
the
bitter
enjoyment
of
Life
,
and
covet
that
Death
which
they
had
so
effeminately
avoided
.
10.
Not
less
than
that
of
Piso
was
the
proceeding
of
Q.
Metellus
;
who
at
the
Battle
of
Contrebia
having
placed
five
Cohorts
in
a
certain
station
,
and
seeing
them
retire
through
the
multitude
of
their
Enemies
,
he
commanded
them
immed●●●●●y
to
endeavour
to
recover
their
ground
again
;
withal
severely
adding
,
that
is
any
of
them
flying
were
found
in
the
Camp
,
he
should
be
used
as
an
Enemy
;
not
hoping
by
this
means
to
regain
what
they
had
lost
,
but
to
punish
them
with
the
manifest
hazards
of
the
ensuing
Combat
:
Yet
they
having
received
this
check
,
weary
as
they
were
,
having
no
other
encouragement
but
Despair
,
renewed
the
fight
,
and
with
the
slaughter
of
their
Enemies
recover'd
their
station
.
So
that
there
is
nothing
like
Necessity
to
harden
humane
imbecillity
.
11.
In
the
same
Province
,
Q.
Fabius
the
Great
being
desirous
to
bring
down
the
fierce
pride
of
a
most
haughty
P●ople
,
forc'd
his
gentle
disposition
for
a
time
to
lay
aside
all
Clemency
,
and
to
use
himself
to
utmost
Rigour
and
Severity
.
For
he
cut
●ff
t●e
hands
of
all
those
that
ran
out
of
any
G●rrison
of
the
Romans
and
were
taken
:
That
the
sight
of
their
maimed
Limbs
might
b●eed
in
o●hers
a
fear
of
r●volting
.
For
those
rebellions
H●●ds
cut
●rom
●heir
Bod●es
,
and
scatter'd
upon
the
b●oody
Earth
,
●aught
others
to
beware
how
th●y
commi●ted
the
●●ke
Tr●asons
.
12.
Nothing
could
be
m●●e
milde
than
the
Elder
Africanus
;
yet
for
the
establishment
●f
Military
Discipline
,
he
thought
it
conv●ni●n●
to
b●r●ow
som●thing
of
Severity
from
his
own
natural
Lenity
.
For
having
taken
Carthage
▪
and
gotten
●●●o
his
power
all
tho●●
that
had
fled
from
the
Romans
to
the
Carthaginians
,
he
more
severely
punisht
the
Roman
than
the
Latin
Fugitives
.
For
the
first
,
as
Deserters
of
their
Countrey
,
he
nail'd
to
the
Cross
;
the
other
,
as
perfidious
Allies
he
only
b●head●d
.
I
shall
not
urge
this
act
any
farther
,
both
because
it
was
Scipio's
,
and
for
that
it
is
not
fitting
that
a
s●rvile
Punishment
should
insult
over
Roman
blo●d
,
though
deserv●d
y●●h●d
,
esp●cially
when
we
may
,
pass
to
othe●
relations
not
dipt
in
domestick
Gore
.
13.
For
the
la●ter
Asricanus
,
the
Carthaginian
Power
being
d●stroy'd
,
made
the
Fugitives
of
other
Nations
to
fig●t
with
Beasts
in
the
publick
Shews
which
he
mad●
for
the
people
.
14.
Lu.
Emilius
Paulus
,
after
he
had
vanquished
Perseus
,
c●us'd
●●l
those
that
he
had
taken
that
were
guil●y
of
the
same
Crime
to
be
●hrown
to
the
Elephants
,
that
by
th●m
th●y
might
be
trod
to
death
.
A
most
profitable
Example
,
if
we
may
be
permitted
modestly
to
judge
of
the
actions
of
the
greatest
men
without
out
reproof
.
For
Military
Discipline
requires
a
severe
and
quick
way
of
punishment
:
For
force
consists
of
Arms
,
which
when
they
grow
disobedient
will
soon
oppress
others
,
unless
they
be
brought
low
themselves
.
15.
But
it
is
now
time
to
make
mention
,
not
of
what
has
been
acted
by
particular
men
,
but
what
order
the
whole
Senate
took
to
preserve
and
defend
their
Military
Discipline
.
Lucius
Marcius
Tribune
of
the
People
having
with
wonderful
courage
got
together
the
remains
of
the
two
Armies
of
P.
and
Cn.
Scipio's
,
which
the
victorious
Carthaginians
had
almost
ruin'd
,
and
being
by
them
unanimously
made
General
,
writing
to
the
Senate
a
relation
of
his
transactions
he
thus
begin
:
L.
Marcius
Propretor
.
Which
usurp'd
Title
the
Senate
would
not
permit
him
to
take
,
knowing
that
it
was
the
Custome
for
the
People
,
not
the
Armies
,
to
choose
the
General
.
Which
being
a
time
that
the
Common-wealth
was
in
great
danger
,
and
had
sustain'd
great
Loss●s
,
one
would
have
thought
they
should
have
rather
flat●er'd
the
Tribune
,
who
they
saw
so
fairly
acting
for
the
restauration
of
their
former
Honour
.
But
no
Overthrow
,
no
Merit
could
sway
the
Senate
more
than
their
Military
Discipline
.
And
we
may
remember
what
a
couragious
Severity
their
Ancestors
us'd
in
the
Tarentine
War
:
Wherein
the
Forces
of
the
Common-wealth
being
very
much
weakned
and
broken
,
when
they
had
receiv'd
a
great
number
of
their
Captive
Fellow-Citizens
,
which
Pyrrhus
had
sent
them
of
his
own
accord
;
they
decreed
,
that
they
who
had
serv'd
on
Horseback
,
should
serve
among
the
Foot
;
and
they
who
had
served
as
Foot
,
should
be
listed
among
the
Slingers
.
Moreover
,
that
none
of
um
should
come
within
the
Camp
,
nor
be
permitted
to
for●ifie
the
place
assign'd
them
without
the
Camp
,
nor
that
any
of
um
should
make
use
of
a
Tent
made
of
Skins
.
But
they
propound●d
the
Ancient
Custome
of
Military
Discipline
to
all
those
that
took
Double
Spoils
from
the
Enemy
.
These
Punishments
made
them
,
that
were
late
the
deformed
Gifts
of
Pyrrhus
,
to
be
his
most
eager
and
fierce
Enemies
.
The
same
rigour
did
the
Senate
use
toward
them
that
deserted
the
Common-wealth
at
Cannae
:
For
when
by
the
strictness
of
their
D●cree
th●y
had
reduced
them
to
a
worse
condition
than
th●y
who
are
dead
,
and
at
the
same
time
had
receiv●d
Let●ers
from
Marcellus
that
they
would
send
um
to
him
,
to
assist
him
in
the
storm
of
Syracuse
;
the
Senate
wrote
ba●k
,
that
th●y
were
not
worthy
to
be
admitted
into
his
Camp
.
But
th●y
would
send
um
to
him
,
provided
he
would
do
with
um
as
befitted
the
honour
of
the
Common-wealth
,
That
they
should
never
receive
any
Military
Reward
,
nor
be
permitted
to
return
into
Italy
while
there
were
any
Enemies
therein
.
Thus
has
Virtue
alwaies
despis'd
pusillanimous
minds
.
How
hainously
was
the
Senate
offend●d
that
the
Souldiers
suff●r'd
Q.
Petellius
the
Consul
,
most
couragiously
fighting
against
the
Ligurians
,
to
be
slain
?
For
they
would
n●ither
let
the
Stipend
of
the
Legion
go
on
,
nor
pay
them
any
Arrears
,
for
that
they
had
not
offer'd
their
Bodies
to
the
Darts
of
their
Enemies
for
the
safety
of
their
Emperour
.
And
that
Decree
of
so
noble
an
Order
remains
a
glorious
and
eternal
Monument
of
Petellius
fame
,
under
which
his
Ashes
rest
renowned
in
the
Fi●ld
by
his
Death
,
in
the
Senate
by
their
Revenge
.
With
the
same
Courage
,
when
Hannibal
sent
them
the
liberty
to
redeem
Six
Thousand
Romans
which
he
had
taken
,
and
which
were
Prisoners
in
his
Camp
,
they
scorn'd
his
Kindness
;
well
knowing
,
that
if
Six
Thousand
Young-men
had
resolv'd
to
die
bravely
,
they
could
not
have
been
taken
basely
.
So
that
it
was
hard
to
say
,
which
redounded
most
to
their
Ignominy
,
that
their
Countrey
had
so
little
esteem
and
●a●e
of
th●m
,
or
that
their
Enemies
shewed
so
little
fear
of
them
.
But
if
at
any
time
the
Senate
shew'd
themselves
severe
in
the
maintenance
of
Military
Discipline
,
certainly
then
they
did
it
in
a
high
measure
,
when
they
imprison'd
the
Souldiers
that
had
rebeliously
poss●ss'd
th●mselves
of
Rhegium
,
and
Jubellius
their
Captain
being
dead
,
had
of
their
own
heads
chosen
M
Caesius
his
Secretary
for
their
Lead●r
;
and
notwithstanding
that
M.
Fulvius
Flaccus
tribune
of
the
People
declar'd
that
they
proceeded
contrary
to
the
Custome
of
their
Ancestors
,
yet
persisted
in
their
resolution
.
However
,
that
they
might
act
with
less
envy
,
they
order
Five
Hundred
after
they
had
been
whipt
for
s●veral
successive
daies
to
be
beheaded
,
ordering
their
Bodies
to
be
buried
,
and
forbidding
any
Lamentation
or
Mourning
to
be
made
for
them
.
FORRAIGN
Examples
.
1.
This
,
Conscript
Fathers
,
was
gentle
and
full
of
mildness
,
if
we
consider
the
violence
of
the
Carthaginian
Senate
in
ord●ring
then
Warlike
Affairs
;
whose
Captains
imprudently
managing
a
War
,
though
it
proved
success●ul
,
were
neverth●l●ss
nayl'd
to
the
Cross
:
Imputing
what
th●y
did
well
,
to
the
assisting
Favour
of
the
Gods
;
what
they
did
amiss
,
to
their
own
Miscarriage
.
2.
Clearchus
,
Captain
of
the
Lacedeamonians
,
preserv'd
his
Military
Discipline
by
a
●amous
and
notable
Saying
,
continually
pealing
into
the
ears
of
his
Souldiers
,
that
they
ought
to
fear
their
General
far
more
than
the
Enemy
.
Openly
declaring
,
that
they
must
expect
to
suffer
the
same
pains
flying
,
which
they
were
fearful
to
r●ceive
in
fight
.
Nor
did
they
admire
to
be
thus
threatned
by
their
Captain
,
when
they
call'd
to
mind
their
Mothers
language
,
who
when
they
went
to
Battle
were
wont
to
admonish
um
,
that
they
should
either
return
alive
with
their
Arms
,
or
else
be
brought
back
dead
with
their
Arms.
Thus
instructed
within
their
own
houses
,
the
Spartans
us'd
to
fight
.
But
enough
of
these
Forreign
Examples
,
having
more
plentiful
,
and
those
more
happy
,
to
glory
in
of
our
own
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
the
Right
of
Triumphing
.
-
1.
Two
Laws
concerning
Triumphs
.
-
2.
The
Contentions
of
C.
Lutatius
Consul
,
and
Q.
Valerius
Praetor
about
Triumphing
.
-
3.
Cn.
Fulvius
Flaccus
despising
his
Triumph
.
-
4.
Why
Triumph
denied
to
Q.
Fulvius
and
L.
Opimius
.
-
5.
Why
also
to
Pub.
Scipio
the
Greater
,
and
M.
Marcellus
.
-
6.
The
Banquets
of
those
that
Triumphed
.
-
7.
Of
those
that
never
Triumph'd
upon
a
Civil
Victory
.
MIlitary
Discipline
being
vigorously
maintain'd
,
was
that
which
won
all
Italy
to
the
Roman
Empire
,
together
with
the
command
of
many
Cities
,
great
Kings
,
and
mighty
Nations
;
open'd
the
Streights
of
the
Pontick
Sea
,
deliver'd
up
the
Barricadoes
and
Fortr●sses
of
the
Alps
and
the
vast
Mountain
Taurus
;
and
of
a
little
Cottage
of
Romulus
,
made
it
the
Pillar
of
the
whole
World
.
Out
of
whose
bosome
since
so
many
Triumphs
have
flowed
,
it
seems
seasonable
now
to
discourse
of
the
Right
of
Triumphing
.
1.
Some
Commanders
have
requir'd
Triumphs
to
be
decreed
them
for
light
Battels
:
and
therefore
there
was
a
Law
made
▪
that
no
Captain
should
triumph
unless
he
had
sl●m
Five
Thousand
of
his
Enemies
in
one
Set
Field
.
For
our
Ancestors
beli●v'd
,
that
the
Glory
of
our
City
consisted
not
in
the
Number
,
but
in
the
Glory
and
Magnificence
of
h●r
Triumphs
.
And
lest
so
brave
a
Law
might
c●me
to
be
obliterated
by
too
greedy
a
desire
of
the
Lawrel
,
it
was
supported
with
another
Law
,
which
L.
Marius
and
M.
Cato
Tribunes
of
the
People
brought
in
.
For
that
made
it
criminal
for
any
Emp●rour
to
multiply
in
their
Letters
to
the
Senate
,
the
number
of
Enemies
slain
or
Citizens
lost
.
And
th●y
were
also
commanded
assoon
as
th●y
enter'd
into
the
City
,
to
swear
before
the
City-Questors
to
the
truth
of
what
th●y
had
written
to
the
Senate
.
2.
Having
mention'd
these
Laws
,
it
will
be
seasonable
to
relate
what
was
adjudged
thereupon
,
wherein
the
Right
of
Triumphing
was
discuss'd
and
debated
among
most
worthy
Personages
.
C.
Lutatius
the
Consul
and
Q.
Valerius
the
Praetor
had
overthrown
and
utterly
ruin'd
a
very
great
Navy
of
the
Carthaginians
near
the
Coast
of
Sicily
,
wh●reupon
the
Senate
decreed
a
Triumph
to
Lutatius
the
Consul
.
But
when
Valerius
requested
that
a
Triumph
might
be
granted
to
him
,
Lutatius
withstood
it
,
lest
through
the
honour
of
Triumph
,
the
lesser
Authority
should
be
made
equal
to
the
grea●er
.
The
contention
growing
higher
and
higher
,
Valerius
sues
Lutatius
,
pretending
that
the
Carthaginian
Navy
was
not
overthrown
by
his
Conduct
.
Lutatius
puts
in
Sureties
to
auswer
.
The
Judge
betw●en
them
Atilius
Calatinus
mee●s
,
before
whom
Valerius
pleads
,
that
the
Consul
was
lame
and
lay
in
his
Latter
,
and
that
he
p●rform'd
all
the
Offices
of
the
General
.
Then
Calatinus
before
Lutatius
made
his
defence
:
Tell
me
(
●●●d
he
)
Valerius
,
if
you
two
were
of
contrary
opinions
whether
to
fight
or
not
,
wheth●r
wer●
the
comm●n●
of
the
Consul
or
the
Pr●tor
to
be
●b●●'d
?
Val●ri●●
●●●w●r●d
,
that
he
could
not
deny
〈◊〉
the
Cons●l
was
●h●●●ly
to
be
ob●y'd
.
Ag●in
,
said
Calatinus
▪
●f
the
C●●●●●●
and
your
Omens
were
di●●●rent
,
which
were
fi●st
●o
b●
follow'd
?
The
Consuls
,
r●p●●●d
Valerius
.
Then
said
the
Judge
,
Seeing
that
up●n
th●se
●wo
Qu●st●o●s
,
about
the
Chi●f
Comm●nd
●nd
th●
P●io●●ty
of
〈◊〉
us
,
thou
Valerius
hast
conf●st
thy
Adv●●sa●y
to
be
s●p●r●o●r
in
both
▪
I
am
not
to
m●k●
any
furtg●●
do●●
.
And
●h●rfore
,
Lutatius
,
though
you
have
as
y●t
made
no
Defence
,
I
give
judgment
on
your
behalf
.
A
Noble
Judge
,
that
in
a
business
that
was
apparent
,
would
not
spend
and
trifle
away
his
time
.
More
probable
and
justifiable
was
the
Cause
of
Lutatius
,
who
d●f●nded
the
Right
of
a
most
Soveraign
Honour
.
Yet
was
it
not
ill
done
of
Valerius
to
r●quire
the
Rew●rd
of
a
prosperous
and
co●ragiously
fought
Battle
;
though
it
were
not
so
lawfully
d●mand●d
by
him
as
by
the
other
.
3.
What
shall
we
say
to
Cn.
Fulvius
Flaccus
,
who
when
the
S●nate
had
decreed
him
the
Honour
of
Triumph
,
so
much
coveted
by
oth●rs
,
y●t
contemn'd
and
refus'd
i●
?
H●ving
enough
to
●o
with
other
things
that
besel
him
.
For
he
no
soones
enter'd
the
City
,
but
he
was
vext
with
publick
●ros●cutions
,
and
at
l●ng●h
was
s●nt
into
Ex●le
,
to
exp●a●●
the
offenc●s
which
he
had
committed
for
wan●
of
R●ligion
.
4.
Wis●r
th●r●fore
were
Q.
Fulvius
and
L.
Opimius
,
the
●●rst
o●
which
having
ta●●●
Capua
,
and
the
lat●●r
fo●c'd
the
Fregellans
to
a
surrender
,
both
requested
of
the
S
n●te
lib●rty
to
Triumph
.
Both
had
done
great
things
,
yet
both
m●ss●d
of
their
d●sire
.
Not
out
of
any
●nvy
that
the
Conscript
Fathers
had
against
um
,
but
out
of
their
care
of
preserving
the
Right
of
the
Law
;
whereby
it
was
enacted
,
that
Triumphs
should
be
only
decreed
to
those
that
had
enlarged
the
Empire
,
not
to
those
who
had
only
recovered
what
was
in
the
poss●ssion
of
the
Roman
People
before
.
For
there
is
as
much
difference
betwe●n
adding
what
was
not
,
and
restoring
what
was
,
as
there
is
betw●en
the
beginning
of
a
good
Turn
and
the
end
of
an
Injury
.
5.
This
Law
whereof
I
speak
was
so
carefully
observed
,
that
Triumphs
were
denied
to
P.
Scipio
and
M.
Marcellus
,
though
the
first
had
recover'd
both
Spains
,
and
the
latt●r
had
taken
Syracuse
;
by
reason
that
they
were
sent
to
the
management
of
those
affairs
,
without
being
advan●'d
to
any
publick
Office
of
Magistracy
.
Spain
ravish'd
from
the
Empire
of
Carthage
,
and
the
Head
of
Sicily
cut
off
,
yet
could
not
the
Commanders
joyn
their
Triumphal
Chariots
.
But
to
whom
?
To
Scipio
and
Marcellus
,
whose
very
Names
res●mbl●d
an
eternal
Triumph
.
But
the
Senate
,
though
they
coveted
nothing
more
than
to
see
crowu'd
those
Authors
of
solid
and
true
Vertue
carrying
upon
their
shoulders
the
safety
of
their
Countrey
,
thought
better
to
reserve
them
for
a
more
justly
menrited
Lawrel
.
6.
In
this
place
I
am
to
adde
,
that
it
was
the
Custome
for
the
General
that
triumph'd
to
invite
the
Consuls
to
Supper
,
and
for
them
so
invited
not
to
go
;
that
no
person
on
the
Day
of
Triumph
should
appear
of
greater
Authority
,
at
the
same
Feast
,
than
the
Triumpher
.
7.
But
though
any
Commander
had
done
great
things
and
never
so
profitable
to
the
Common-wealth
in
a
Civil
War
,
yet
he
was
not
to
have
the
Title
of
Imperator
,
neither
were
any
Supplications
or
Thanksgivings
decreed
for
him
,
nor
was
he
to
Triumph
either
in
Chariot
or
Ovant
.
For
though
such
Victories
were
necessary
,
yet
they
were
full
of
Calamity
and
Sorrow
,
not
obtain'd
with
Forraign
Blood
,
but
with
the
slaughter
of
their
Countreymen
.
Mournful
therefore
were
the
Victories
of
Nasica
over
T.
Gracchus
,
and
of
Opimius
over
C.
Gracchus
.
And
therefore
Catulus
having
vanquish'd
his
Colleague
Lepidus
,
with
the
havock
of
all
his
Followers
,
return'd
to
the
City
,
shewing
only
a
moderate
joy
.
Caius
Antonius
also
,
the
Conquerour
of
Catiline
,
brought
back
his
Army
to
their
Camp
with
their
Swords
clean
wash'd
.
Cinna
and
Marius
greedily
drank
Civil
Blood
,
but
did
not
presently
apply
themselves
to
the
Altars
and
Temples
of
the
Gods
.
Sylla
also
,
who
made
the
greatest
Civil
Wars
,
and
whose
Success
was
most
cruel
and
inhumane
,
though
he
triumpht
in
the
height
of
his
power
,
yet
as
he
carried
many
Cities
of
Greece
and
Asia
,
so
shew●d
not
one
Town
of
the
Roman
Citizen
.
I
am
grieved
and
weary
of
ripping
up
the
Wounds
of
the
Common-wealth
.
The
Senate
never
gave
to
any
one
,
nor
did
any
one
disire
it
,
while
the
Fathers
of
the
City
wept
.
But
every
one
stretched
out
his
hand
for
the
Oaken
Garland
,
which
was
the
Reward
of
him
that
had
saved
the
Life
of
a
Citizen
.
Afterwards
the
eternal
glory
of
the
Imperial
Family
.
CHAP.
IX
.
Of
the
Severity
of
the
Censors
.
-
1.
Of
Camillus
and
Posthumius
towards
the
Batchelours
.
-
2.
Of
Valerius
Maximus
and
C.
Junius
Brutus
toward
Antonius
.
-
3.
Of
Cato
toward
Flaminius
.
-
4.
Of
Fabricius
toward
Rufinus
.
-
5.
Of
M.
Ant.
and
L.
Flaccus
toward
Domitius
.
-
6.
Of
Nero
and
Salinator
to
themselves
and
to
the
People
of
Rome
.
-
7.
Of
Messala
and
Sempronius
to
the
four
hundred
Knights
.
-
8.
Of
M.
Regulus
and
P.
Philius
toward
the
remains
at
Cannae
.
-
9.
Who
after
they
were
blemisht
came
to
the
Censorship
.
THe
most
indissoluble
Cord
of
Military
Discipline
,
and
the
strict
observation
of
the
same
,
admonish
me
to
pass
from
thence
to
the
Censorship
,
the
Mistriss
and
Guardian
of
Peace
.
For
as
the
wealth
of
the
People
of
Rome
,
by
vertue
of
their
Commanders
,
increast
to
such
a
vastness
;
so
their
Modesty
,
Contigency
and
Conversations
were
examin'd
by
the
Censors
Severity
.
A
work
equalling
the
glory
of
Military
Actions
.
For
what
avails
it
to
be
couragious
abroad
,
and
live
ill
at
home
?
To
take
Cities
,
conquer
Nations
,
and
lay
violent
hands
on
Kingdoms
,
unless
there
be
Reverence
,
Justice
and
Honour
in
the
Courts
of
Law
and
Council
?
For
unless
that
be
,
Riches
heaped
unto
the
SKy
will
have
no
stable
Foundation
.
Necessary
it
is
therefore
to
know
these
things
,
and
to
record
the
Acts
of
the
Censors
Authority
.
1.
Camillus
and
Posthumius
,
being
Censors
,
commanded
them
that
lived
unmarried
till
they
were
old
,
to
bring
a
sum
of
Money
into
the
Treasury
by
way
of
Penalty
:
deeming
them
worthy
of
further
punishment
,
if
they
should
complain
of
so
just
a
Constitution
.
Justly
taxing
them
for
not
observing
the
Law
of
Nature
in
begetting
,
seeing
they
had
receiv'd
Natures
benefit
in
being
born
.
Seeing
also
that
their
Parents
,
by
bringing
them
up
,
had
oblig'd
them
to
a
debt
of
continuing
th●ir
Off-spring
.
To
this
they
added
,
that
Fortune
had
given
um
a
long
time
to
cxercise
that
Duty
,
and
yet
they
to
deprive
themselves
of
the
name
both
of
a
Father
and
a
Husband
.
Go
therefore
,
said
they
,
and
pay
that
which
may
be
useful
to
the
numerous
Posterity
of
others
.
2.
This
Severity
M.
Valerius
Maximus
and
C.
Junius
Bubulcus
Brutus
imitating
in
a
punishment
of
the
same
nature
,
put
L.
Antonius
out
of
the
Senat●
,
for
that
he
had
repudiated
a
Virgin
,
whom
he
had
married
without
consulting
any
of
his
Friends
.
But
whether
this
Crime
were
greater
than
the
former
,
I
know
not
well
to
determine
:
though
this
may
be
said
,
that
by
the
former
the
sacred
Rites
of
Matrimony
were
only
contemn'd
,
by
the
latter
injur'd
.
With
great
prudence
therefore
the
Censors
thought
him
unworthy
to
have
admission
into
the
Senate
.
3.
Thus
Portius
Cato
removed
L.
Flaminius
out
of
the
number
of
the
Senators
,
for
that
he
had
in
his
Province
caus'd
a
condemn'd
p●rson
to
loose
his
Head
;
choosing
the
time
of
●xecution
at
the
will
and
for
the
sight
of
a
Woman
with
whom
he
was
in
love
.
He
might
have
been
forborn
in
respect
of
the
Consulship
which
he
had
born
,
and
the
authority
of
his
Brother
T.
Flaminius
.
But
the
Censor
and
Cato
to
shew
a
double
example
of
Severity
,
thought
him
rather
to
be
degraded
,
because
he
had
with
so
notorious
and
foul
a
crime
defil'd
the
Majesty
of
so
great
and
high
an
Authority
;
and
that
he
had
thought
it
a
slight
matter
,
to
give
same
respect
to
the
eyes
of
an
Harlot
delighted
with
humane
Blood
,
and
the
suppliant
hands
of
King
Philip.
4.
Why
should
I
m●ntion
the
Censorship
of
Fabricius
Luscinus
?
All
ag●s
have
told
us
,
and
will
still
declare
to
us
,
that
Cornelius
Ru●●aus
was
by
him
turn'd
out
of
the
Senate
,
because
he
had
bought
some
Silver
Houshold-stuff
,
to
the
value
of
ten
Pounds
,
as
affording
a
bad
example
of
Luxury
.
5.
M.
Antonius
and
L.
Flaccus
remov'd
Duronius
from
the
Senate
,
because
he
had
abrogated
a
Law
,
whereby
the
costs
of
Banquets
was
limited
,
with
very
good
reason
for
so
doing
.
For
how
impudently
did
Duronius
in
the
Pulpits
for
Orations
utter
these
words
!
There
are
bridles
put
into
your
mouths
,
most
worthy
Senators
,
by
no
means
to
be
endured
.
Ye
are
bound
and
hamper'd
in
the
bitter
shackles
of
Servitude
.
For
there
it
a
Law
made
,
that
ye
ought
to
be
frugal
.
Let
us
abrogate
therefore
that
command
,
so
deformed
with
the
rust
of
nasty
Antiquity
.
For
what
need
of
Liberty
,
if
they
that
will
kill
themselves
with
Luxury
,
may
not
?
6.
Let
us
now
produce
a
pair
,
linked
together
with
the
same
Chain
of
Vertue
,
and
society
in
goodness
,
yet
dissenting
when
they
came
to
be
struck
with
the
hook
of
Emulation
.
Claudius
Nero
,
and
Livius
Salinator
,
in
the
second
Punick-war
,
strong
supports
of
the
Commonwealth
;
yet
how
divided
was
their
Censorship
!
For
when
they
numbered
the
Centuries
of
the
Horse
,
of
which
number
,
by
reason
of
the
strength
of
their
years
,
th●y
themselves
were
,
when
they
came
to
the
Polian
Tribe
,
the
Cryer
seeing
the
name
of
Salinator
,
began
to
doubt
with
himself
whether
he
should
call
him
or
no
;
which
when
Nero
understood
,
he
caused
his
Colleague
not
onely
to
be
cited
,
but
to
sell
his
horse
,
because
he
was
condemned
by
the
judgement
of
the
people
.
Salinator
also
prosecuted
Nero
with
the
same
severity
,
giving
this
for
a
reason
:
Because
he
had
not
sincerely
returned
into
Friendship
with
him
.
To
whom
if
any
of
the
Celestial
Deities
had
signified
that
they
in
a
long
series
of
posterity
should
lay
the
foundation
of
our
Guardian
Princes
Family
,
they
would
soon
have
entered
into
a
strict
League
of
indissoluble
kindness
,
being
such
as
were
to
leave
their
preserved
Country
to
thirty
divided
Off-spring
.
But
Salinator
adventured
to
cast
thirty
four
Tribes
among
the
Aerarii
,
because
that
having
condemned
him
,
they
afterwards
made
him
Consul
and
Censor
,
pretending
they
must
either
be
guilty
of
very
great
rashness
or
perjury
.
The
Maetian
Tribe
onely
he
left
void
of
disgrace
,
who
by
their
Suffrages
judged
him
neither
to
merit
Condemning
,
or
worthy
of
Honour
.
How
constant
and
resolute
a
Genius
had
that
man
?
who
neither
by
the
sad
event
of
Condemnation
,
nor
by
the
multiplication
of
H●nour
,
could
be
brought
to
carry
himself
otherwise
than
severely
in
the
Administration
of
the
Commonwealth
!
7.
Four
hundred
Young-men
also
of
the
Order
of
Knighthood
,
being
a
great
part
thereof
,
patiently
underwent
the
Censors
Mark
of
disgrace
;
all
which
M.
Valerius
,
and
P.
Sempronius
,
taking
their
horses
from
'um
,
reduced
into
the
Order
of
Aerarii
,
for
that
being
Commanded
to
work
at
the
Entrenchments
,
they
neglected
to
go
.
8.
Shameful
Cowardise
was
likewise
by
the
Censors
severely
punished
:
For
Attilius
Regulus
,
and
Furius
Philus
,
caused
the
Questor
Metellus
,
and
several
Roman
Knights
,
to
be
degraded
among
the
Aerarii
,
taking
their
horses
from
'um
,
because
that
after
the
overthrow
at
Cannae
,
they
had
made
a
resolution
to
leave
Italy
;
setting
a
great
mark
of
Infamy
upon
them
for
another
thing
.
For
being
taken
by
Hannibal
,
and
afterwards
by
him
sent
as
Embassadors
for
exchange
of
Prisoners
,
because
they
could
not
obtain
their
request
,
they
would
not
return
;
but
it
was
convenient
for
all
of
Roman
blood
to
keep
their
Faith
,
wherefore
Regulus
the
Censor
noted
them
for
Perjury
;
whose
Father
rather
chose
to
suffer
utmost
torment
,
than
break
his
word
with
the
Carthaginians
.
This
Censorship
translated
it self
out
of
the
City
into
the
Camp
,
which
would
that
the
Enemy
should
neither
be
feared
nor
deceived
.
9.
Two
Examples
,
being
alike
,
we
have
thought
fit
to
adde
.
C.
Geta
being
remov'd
by
L.
Metellus
and
Cn.
Domitius
Censors
from
the
Senate
,
was
afterwards
made
Censor
himself
.
Also
M.
Valerius
Messala
having
been
disgraced
by
the
Censor
,
was
afterwards
advanced
to
the
Censors
place
.
For
such
Disgrace
sharpens
Virtue
:
Shame
stirring
them
up
to
use
all
their
endeavors
to
become
worthy
Citizens
,
to
whom
the
Censorship
ought
to
be
rather
offer'd
,
than
taken
from
them
.
CHAP.
X.
Of
Majesty
.
Of
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Q.
Metellus
Numidicus
before
the
Judges
.
-
2.
Of
the
Elder
Africanus
before
Antiochus
,
and
others
.
-
3.
Of
Aemilius
Paulus
among
the
Macedonians
.
-
4.
Of
the
Greater
Africanus
to
the
King
Massinissa
and
Carthaginians
.
-
5.
Of
Rutilius
the
Exile
among
the
Cities
of
Asia
.
-
6.
Of
Marius
proscrib'd
among
the
Minturnians
.
-
7.
Of
Cato
Uticensis
in
the
Senate
.
-
8.
The
same
towards
the
People
of
Rome
.
Of
FORRAINERS
.
-
1.
Harmodius
and
Aristogiton
to
Xerxes
.
-
2.
Xenocrates
among
the
Athenians
.
THere
is
also
that
Majesty
among
Illustrious
Men
,
as
it
were
a
private
Censorship
,
without
the
Honour
of
Tribunals
,
without
the
attendance
of
Officers
,
powerful
in
the
obtaining
of
Greatness
.
1.
For
what
greater
Honour
could
be
given
to
any
one
,
than
what
was
given
to
Metellus
,
though
he
stood
accus'd
of
a
Crime
.
For
when
he
pleaded
for
himself
upon
a
charge
of
Bribery
,
and
his
Accompts
were
demanded
by
his
Accusers
,
and
were
brought
forth
to
be
inspected
,
the
whole
Council
refused
to
look
upon
them
,
lest
they
should
seem
to
doubt
of
the
truth
of
any
thing
that
was
therein
contained
.
For
the
Judges
lookt
upon
the
Life
of
so
great
a
man
,
as
an
argument
that
he
had
prudently
administred
the
Common-wealth
.
And
though
it
an
unworthy
thing
,
to
balance
a
little
Wax
and
a
few
Writings
with
the
Integrity
of
so
famous
a
Person
.
2.
But
what
wonder
,
that
due
honour
was
given
to
Metellus
by
his
Fellow-citizens
,
which
an
enemy
did
not
refrain
to
render
to
the
Elder
Africanus
?
For
Antiochus
,
in
the
War
which
he
made
against
the
Romans
,
having
taken
his
Son
Prisoner
,
not
onely
honourably
entertained
him
,
but
also
sent
him
to
his
Father
,
laden
with
Royal
Gifts
,
though
he
were
then
almost
driven
out
of
his
Kingdom
by
him
.
But
the
enraged
King
rather
chose
to
reverence
the
Majesty
of
so
great
a
man
,
than
revenge
his
own
misfortune
.
To
the
same
Africanus
being
retired
to
his
Country-house
in
the
Village
of
Liternium
,
several
Captains
of
Pirates
being
in
the
same
place
,
came
to
see
him
:
He
believing
they
came
to
do
him
some
mischief
,
placed
a
Guard
of
his
Domestick
Servants
upon
the
top
of
his
house
,
being
well
prepared
with
force
and
courage
to
beat
them
off
.
Which
when
the
said
Captains
perceived
,
immediately
sending
back
their
Souldiers
,
and
throwing
their
Arms
away
,
they
approach
to
the
Lord
,
declaring
themselves
to
be
his
friends
,
requesting
the
sight
and
company
of
so
great
a
man
,
as
it
had
been
a
favour
from
Heaven
,
and
desiring
him
to
vouchsafe
them
the
secure
spectacle
of
his
greatness
.
Which
words
when
the
Servants
related
to
Scipio
,
he
commanded
the
doors
to
be
unlock'd
,
and
the
Captains
to
be
let
in
;
who
reverencing
the
Threshold
as
it
had
been
some
sacred
Altar
,
or
Religious
Temple
,
with
great
eagerness
approached
to
kiss
his
hands
.
And
after
they
had
spent
a
long
time
in
admiration
of
him
,
leaving
great
Gifts
in
the
Porch
,
such
as
they
us'd
to
offer
to
the
Immortal
Gods
,
they
departed
to
their
Ships
.
What
could
be
more
noble
than
this
effect
and
fruit
of
Majesty
?
What
more
pleasing
to
behold
or
enjoy
?
His
enemy
appeas'd
their
wrath
with
admiration
.
His
Presence
stupified
the
joyful
eyes
of
the
Pyrats
.
Should
the
Stars
falling
from
Heaven
offer
themselves
to
men
,
they
could
not
be
capable
of
greater
adoration
.
3.
This
hapned
to
Scipio
being
alive
;
this
other
to
Aemilius
Paulus
being
dead
.
For
when
his
Funerals
were
celebrated
,
and
that
by
chance
certain
Princes
of
Macedon
were
then
abiding
at
Rome
as
Embassadors
to
the
Senate
,
they
willingly
offer'd
themselves
to
carry
the
Funeral
Bed
.
Which
will
seem
so
much
the
greater
Honour
,
considering
that
the
forepart
of
the
Bier
was
adorn'd
with
the
Trophies
of
his
Macedonian
Conquests
.
For
how
great
must
be
the
honour
which
they
give
to
Paulus
,
whom
they
would
not
refuse
to
carry
,
with
the
Ensignes
of
their
own
calamity
in
the
face
of
all
the
people
!
Which
Spectacle
added
to
his
Funeral
a
resemblance
of
another
Triumph
.
For
thus
did
Macedon
render
thee
,
O
Paulus
,
illustrious
twice
in
our
City
:
by
their
Spoils
,
safe
and
victorious
;
venerable
in
his
Death
,
by
their
Shoulders
.
4.
Nor
was
it
a
small
honour
done
to
thy
Son
Scipio
Aemilianus
,
whom
thou
giving
in
Adoption
,
wouldst
have
to
be
the
Ornament
of
two
Families
.
For
being
but
a
Young-man
,
and
sent
by
Lucullus
the
Consul
out
of
Spain
into
Africa
,
the
Carthaginians
and
Massinissa
made
him
Arbitrator
of
the
conditions
of
Peace
,
as
if
he
had
been
Consul
and
Emperour
.
Carthage
ignorant
of
her
Destiny
:
For
that
very
glory
of
aspiring
Youth
,
by
the
indulgence
of
Gods
and
Men
,
was
preserv'd
for
the
ruine
of
that
City
.
Insomuch
that
being
taken
,
it
gave
him
the
Sirname
of
Africanus
;
being
destroyed
,
it
occasion'd
the
rise
of
the
Cornelian
Family
.
5.
What
more
miserable
than
Condemnation
and
Exile
?
Yet
the
Conspiracy
of
the
Publicans
could
not
avail
to
diminish
the
Authority
of
Publius
Rutilius
.
Who
going
into
Asia
,
all
the
Cities
of
that
Province
,
heating
where
he
was
retir'd
,
sent
their
Amb●ssadors
to
attend
him
.
Who
could
now
judge
him
an
Exile
,
but
rather
a
Triumphet
in
such
a
place
?
6.
Marius
also
,
being
cast
down
into
the
depth
of
utmost
Misery
,
escapt
out
of
the
jaws
of
danger
,
by
the
benefit
of
his
Majesty
.
For
a
publick
Slave
,
a
Cimbrian
by
his
Country
,
being
sent
to
kill
him
,
as
he
lay
shut
up
in
a
private
House
in
Minturnam
,
durst
not
attempt
him
,
with
his
Sword
drawn
,
though
an
old
Man
,
unarm'd
,
and
almost
famisht
;
but
struck
blind
with
the
brightness
of
his
Countenance
,
he
stung
away
his
Sword
,
and
astonish'd
and
trembling
ran
away
.
For
the
Slaughter
of
the
Cimbrians
presented
it self
before
his
eyes
;
and
the
Calamity
of
his
vanquish'd
Nation
quell'd
his
Courage
.
The
Immortal
Gods
deeming
it
an
unworthy
thing
,
that
Marius
should
be
slain
by
one
single
person
of
a
Nation
,
who
had
subdued
the
whole
.
The
Minturnians
also
taken
with
the
Majesty
of
his
Person
,
thoug●
now
under
the
burthen
on
Misery
,
and
unavoidable
Destiny
,
yet
preserv'd
him
safe
:
Nor
could
the
most
▪
severe
Victory
daunt
them
,
for
fear
lest
Sylla
should
revenge
their
preservation
of
Marius
;
though
Marius
himself
might
have
been
sufficient
to
deter
them
from
preserving
Marius
.
7.
The
admiration
also
of
the
stout
and
vertuous
Life
of
Percius
Cato
,
render'd
him
so
wonderful
to
the
Senate
,
who
having
prefix'd
a
day
for
the
Publicans
to
answer
,
contrary
to
Caesar's
will
,
and
being
therefore
by
his
command
carried
by
the
Lictor
to
Prison
,
the
whole
Senate
was
not
ashamed
to
follow
him
,
which
thing
did
not
a
little
soften
the
perseverance
of
his
divine
Soul
.
8.
At
another
time
,
the
same
person
beholding
the
Floral
Plays
which
Messius
the
Aedil
set
forth
,
the
people
were
ashamed
to
require
that
the
Mimicks
should
appear
naked
;
which
when
he
understood
from
Favonius
,
his
great
friend
,
that
sate
close
by
him
,
he
departed
out
of
the
Theatre
,
left
his
presence
should
interrupt
the
custome
of
the
Show
.
Whose
departure
the
people
loudly
applauding
,
renewed
the
ancient
custome
of
Jesting
in
the
Scenes
;
confessing
that
they
attributed
more
to
the
Majesty
of
one
man
,
than
they
claimed
for
the
sake
of
the
Generality
.
To
what
Riches
,
to
what
Power
,
to
what
Triumphs
,
was
this
priviledge
granted
before
?
A
small
Patrimony
,
Manners
restrained
within
the
bounds
of
Continence
:
a
small
train
of
Followers
,
a
house
shut
against
Ambition
:
One
Image
of
his
Paternal
Genealogy
;
not
the
most
comely
Aspect
,
but
a
Vertue
hightned
with
all
perfections
.
Hence
it
was
,
that
whoever
would
Characterize
a
just
and
famous
Citizen
,
described
him
by
the
name
of
a
Cato
.
EXTERNAL
.
1.
We
must
give
some
place
also
to
Forraign
Examples
,
that
being
mix'd
with
those
of
our
own
Nation
,
the
variety
may
be
the
more
delightful
.
Xerxes
having
taking
the
City
of
Athens
,
carried
away
the
brazen
Statues
of
Harmodius
and
Aristogiton
,
who
endeavoured
to
free
that
City
from
Tyranny
;
which
a
long
time
after
Seleucus
taking
care
to
return
to
their
proper
places
,
when
they
came
into
the
Haven
of
Rhodes
,
the
Rhodians
inviting
them
that
brought
them
into
their
City
,
laid
the
Statues
upon
the
sacred
Cushions
of
the
Gods
.
Nothing
more
happy
than
such
a
Memory
,
that
gave
so
large
a
Veneration
to
a
little
Brass
.
2.
How
great
Honour
was
also
given
by
the
Athenians
to
Xenocrates
,
famous
for
his
equal
Piety
and
Wisdome
!
who
when
he
approached
the
Altar
,
being
necessitated
to
give
his
testimony
in
confirmation
that
all
which
he
had
spoken
was
truth
;
all
the
Judges
rose
and
forbid
him
openly
to
take
his
Oath
,
believing
it
proper
to
grant
that
to
his
Sincerity
,
which
they
were
not
to
remit
to
themseves
in
the
place
of
giving
Sentence
.
LIB.
III.
CHAP.
I.
Of
Towardliness
.
Examples
whereof
among
the
Romans
in
-
1.
Emilius
Lepidus
,
a
boy
.
-
2.
Cato
of
U●ica
.
-
3.
Cassius
Longinus
.
EXTERNAL
in
-
1.
Alcibiades
the
Athenian
.
I
Will
now
touch
upon
some
certain
Infancies
and
Elements
of
Vertue
,
and
of
a
Soul
that
in
process
of
time
is
to
advance
to
the
top
of
Glory
:
Relating
the
tastes
thereof
given
from
the
certain
Experiments
of
Towardliness
.
1.
Emilius
Lepidus
,
yet
a
boy
,
going
into
the
field
,
kill'd
an
Enemy
,
and
sav'd
a
Citizen
;
in
memory
of
which
action
there
is
in
the
Capitol
a
Statue
garnish'd
and
girt
with
a
Senator's
virile
Robe
,
by
order
of
the
Senate
placed
there
;
esteeming
it
unjust
that
he
should
not
be
of
age
for
Honour
,
that
was
so
ripe
in
Vertue
.
Lepidus
prevented
what
was
to
Age
ordained
,
by
his
Celerity
in
doing
bravely
;
carrying
away
a
double
Honour
out
of
the
Battel
,
of
which
his
years
scarce
admitted
him
to
be
a
spectator
:
For
the
Arms
of
men
preparing
for
Combat
,
drawn
Swords
,
the
flight
of
Darts
,
the
noise
of
Horse-men
charging
,
the
furious
violence
of
Armies
joyning
,
strikes
terrour
into
young
men
.
Among
all
which
the
childhood
of
the
Emilian
Family
was
able
to
deserve
a
Crown
,
by
carrying
away
the
spoils
of
his
Enemy
.
2.
This
Courage
was
not
wanting
in
the
Childhood
of
M.
Cato
:
For
he
being
bred
up
in
the
house
of
M.
Drusus
his
Uncle
,
the
Latins
came
to
him
then
Tribune
of
the
people
,
requesting
a
City
.
At
which
time
the
boy
being
requested
by
Poppedius
Prince
of
the
Latins
,
lying
at
Drusus
house
,
to
speak
on
their
behalf
to
his
Uncle
,
with
an
unmov'd
countenance
made
answer
,
He
would
not
:
and
being
again
and
again
importun'd
,
continu'd
in
his
resolve
.
Then
Poppedius
taking
him
up
into
the
highest
part
of
the
house
,
threatned
to
throw
him
down
headlong
,
unless
he
would
yield
to
his
request
;
but
nothing
could
make
him
alter
his
mind
:
Which
made
them
cry
out
,
Happy
is
it
for
us
Latins
,
and
Allies
,
that
this
is
but
a
Youth
,
from
whom
were
he
a
Senator
,
it
were
imp●ssible
for
us
to
obtain
our
Petition
.
For
in
his
tender
minde
Cato
retain'd
the
Gravity
of
the
whole
Court
;
and
by
his
perseverance
frustrated
the
Latins
,
who
had
a
desire
to
learn
the
Laws
and
Customs
of
our
City
.
The
same
person
coming
in
his
Virile
Robe
to
kiss
the
hand
of
Sylla
,
and
seeing
the
heads
of
the
proscribed
persons
brought
into
the
Porch
of
his
house
,
moved
with
the
horridness
of
the
Spectacle
,
asked
his
School-master
Sarpe●●
〈◊〉
there
was
no
body
to
be
sound
that
would
kill
so
great
a
Tyrant
?
Who
making
answer
,
That
men
wanted
not
will
,
but
opportunity
,
his
person
being
so
strongly
guarded
;
The
Lad
d●sired
he
might
have
a
Sword
given
him
,
affirming
,
He
could
easily
kill
him
,
as
being
wont
to
fit
upon
his
bed-side
.
His
master
perceived
his
courage
,
but
would
not
allow
of
his
intention
;
and
aferwards
always
brought
him
to
Sylla
to
be
●xamined
.
Nothing
than
this
more
admirable
.
A
Lad
taken
in
the
Work-house
of
Cruelty
,
fear'd
not
a
Victor
,
who
at
that
time
murder'd
Consuls
,
whole
Towns
,
Legions
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Order
of
Knighthood
.
Had
Marius
been
in
his
place
himself
,
he
would
have
sooner
consulted
his
own
safety
,
than
the
Death
of
Sylla
.
3.
Whose
Son
Faustus
had
a
good
Cuff
on
the
Ear
given
him
by
C.
Cassius
,
his
School
fellow
,
for
saying
in
vindication
of
his
Father's
Proscriptions
,
that
had
he
been
a
Man
,
he
would
have
done
the
same
.
A
worthy
hand
,
that
would
not
embrue
it self
in
the
blood
of
his
Countrey
.
EXTERNAL
.
1.
And
to
repeat
something
of
the
Grecians
,
that
Alcibiades
,
whose
Vertues
or
whose
Vices
were
most
pernicious
to
his
Countrey
,
we
cannot
say
;
for
with
the
one
he
deceiv'd
his
Citizens
,
with
the
other
he
oppress'd
um
:
He
being
a
Youth
,
and
coming
to
his
Uncle
Pericles
,
and
beholding
him
sitting
melancholy
in
a
private
place
,
ask●d
him
,
why
he
shewed
so
much
trouble
in
his
Countenance
.
Who
replying
,
that
he
had
by
command
of
the
City
built
the
Out-gates
of
the
Castle
of
Minerva
,
and
was
not
able
to
give
any
accompt
of
the
vast
Treasure
spent
in
the
service
,
and
that
therefore
he
was
troubled
:
Rather
should
you
endeavour
,
said
the
Boy
,
to
finde
out
a
way
,
how
you
should
give
no
accompt
.
Thus
a
most
great
and
wise
man
,
not
able
to
counsel
himself
,
follows
the
advice
of
a
Child
,
and
so
order'd
it
,
that
the
Athenians
engaged
in
a
sharp
War
with
their
Neighbours
,
had
no
time
to
look
after
Accompts
.
But
let
the
Athenians
consider
,
whether
they
had
most
reason
to
lament
or
be
glad
for
the
Birth
of
Alcibiades
;
whose
Stories
fluctuate
in
a
doubtful
opinion
between
admimiration
and
detestation
of
the
person
.
CHAP.
II.
Of
Fortitude
.
ROMAN
Examples
whereof
are
-
1.
M.
Horatius
Cocles
.
-
2.
Clelia
the
Virgin
.
-
3.
Romulus
.
-
4.
A.
Cornelius
Cossus
.
-
5.
M.
Marcellus
.
-
6.
The
Duellers
,
T.
Manlius
Torquatus
,
M.
Valerius
Corvus
,
and
P.
Scipio
Aemilianus
.
-
7.
C.
Atilius
.
-
8.
The
Roman
Knights
at
the
Battle
of
Verrugo
.
-
9.
The
same
in
the
Fight
against
the
Samnites
.
-
10.
The
Roman
Souldiers
in
holding
in
the
Punic
Fleet.
-
11.
A
Roman
Souldier
at
the
Battle
at
Cannae
.
-
12.
Q.
Licinius
Crassus
Procons
.
-
13.
Q.
Metellus
Scipio
Procons
.
-
14.
M.
Cato
of
U●ica
.
-
15.
Porcia
.
-
16.
M.
Cato
Son
of
the
great
Cato
.
-
17.
Scipio
Nasica
.
-
18.
Emilius
Scaurus
.
-
19.
Julius
Caesar
Procons
.
-
20.
Three
Soldiers
,
Vib●us
Acceus
,
Valeriu●
Flaccus
,
T.
P●denius
.
-
21.
Q.
Cotius
Achilles
.
-
22.
C.
Attilius
.
-
23.
Coesius
Scaeva
.
-
24.
L.
Sicinius
Dentatus
.
FORRAIN
.
-
1.
Jub●llius
of
Campania
.
-
2.
Gobrias
the
Persian
.
-
3.
Leonidas
the
Spartan
.
-
4.
Othryadas
the
Spartan
.
-
5.
Epaminondas
a
Theban
.
-
6.
Theramenes
of
Athens
.
-
7.
Theogenes
of
Numantium
,
-
8.
The
Wife
of
Asdrubal
,
-
9.
Harmonia
the
Daughter
of
King
Gelo.
HAving
done
with
the
beginnings
and
growth
of
Vertue
,
we
will
now
prosecute
the
act
it self
,
whose
most
ponderous
force
and
efficacious
nerves
consist
in
Fortitude
.
Nor
am
I
ignorant
,
Great
Founder
of
our
City
,
Romulus
,
that
the
first
honour
of
this
nature
ought
to
be
assign'd
to
thee
:
but
first
suffer
me
,
I
beseech
thee
,
to
prevent
thee
with
an
Example
,
to
which
thou
thy self
dost
owe
something
of
admiration
;
seeing
that
without
the
benefit
thereof
Rome
it self
,
thy
own
work
,
had
not
become
so
famous
.
1.
The
Hetrurians
making
an
irruption
into
the
City
over
the
Sublician
Bridge
,
Horatius
Cocles
kept
the
farther
end
thereof
,
and
with
an
indefatigable
Fight
sustain'd
the
whole
body
and
force
of
the
Enemy
,
till
the
Bridge
was
broken
behind
him
;
and
when
he
saw
his
Countrey
freed
from
imminent
danger
,
flung
himself
armed
into
Tibur
;
whose
Fortitude
the
Immortal
Gods
admiring
,
rewarded
him
with
a
safe
coming
off
.
Being
neither
hurt
with
the
height
of
the
Fall
,
nor
the
weight
of
his
Armour
,
nor
touch'd
with
the
Darts
that
flew
upon
every
side
of
him
.
And
thereby
he
drew
the
eyes
of
all
his
Fellow-citizens
,
of
all
his
Enemies
upon
his
own
single
person
;
the
one
amazed
with
admiration
,
the
other
in
a
trance
between
joy
and
fear
.
And
separated
two
great
Armies
closely
engaged
;
repelling
one
,
and
defending
the
other
.
And
lastly
,
by
his
single
Strength
was
as
great
a
guard
to
our
City
with
his
Shield
,
as
Tibur
with
her
Channel
.
And
therefore
the
Hetrurians
departing
might
well
say
,
They
had
vanquish'd
the
Romans
,
but
were
beaten
by
one
Horatius
.
2.
Clelia
makes
me
almost
forgetful
of
my
purpose
:
Daring
a
most
noble
Enterprize
at
the
fame
time
,
against
the
same
Enemy
,
and
in
the
fame
Tibur
.
For
being
given
in
Hostage
among
other
Virgins
to
Forsenna
,
she
escap'd
the
Watch
in
the
Night-time
,
and
getting
a
horse
,
me
presently
got
to
the
River
,
which
she
swam
over
;
freeing
her
Country
not
onely
from
a
Siege
,
but
from
fear
of
danger
,
holding
out
a
Light
of
Vertue
to
men
.
3.
I
now
return
to
Romulus
,
who
being
provoked
to
Combat
by
Acro
King
of
the
Cenicenses
,
though
he
believed
himself
Superiour
both
in
the
number
and
courage
of
his
Souldiers
,
and
that
it
was
safer
for
him
to
fight
with
his
whole
Army
than
in
single
Combat
,
with
his
own
right
hand
he
snatch'd
away
the
Omen
of
Victory
:
nor
did
fortune
fall
his
undertaking
;
for
having
slain
Acro
,
and
vanquish●d
his
Enemies
,
he
brought
away
rich
spoils
and
trophies
,
which
he
offer'd
to
Jupiter
Feretrius
.
For
which
let
this
suffice
:
for
Vertue
cousecrated
by
publick
Religion
,
needs
no
private
praise
.
4.
Next
to
Romulus
is
Cornelius
Cossus
,
who
consecrated
his
spoils
to
the
same
De●●y
,
when
being
Master
of
the
Horse
,
when
he
had
slain
the
Captain
of
the
Fidenates
in
battel
.
Great
was
Romulus
in
the
beginning
of
this
commenced
Glory
:
and
much
was
gained
by
Cossus
,
for
that
he
would
imitate
Romulus
.
5.
Nor
ought
we
to
separate
the
memory
of
M.
Marcellus
from
these
Examples
,
in
whom
there
was
so
great
a
courage
,
that
he
set
upon
the
King
of
the
Gauls
environ'd
with
a
great
Army
neer
the
River
Po
,
onely
with
a
few
Horsemen
,
whose
head
he
presently
cut
off
,
and
spoil'd
him
of
his
arms
,
which
he
dedicated
to
Jupiter
Feretrius
.
6.
The
same
Vertue
,
and
the
same
manner
of
Combat
T.
Manlius
Torquatus
,
Valerius
Corvus
,
and
Emilianus
Scipio
,
made
use
of
:
for
they
voluntarily
challeng'd
the
Captains
of
the
Enemy
,
and
slew
them
;
but
because
they
did
those
actions
under
the
command
of
others
,
they
did
not
dedicate
their
spoils
to
Jupiter
Feretrius
.
The
same
Scipio
Emilianus
,
bring
in
Spain
under
the
command
of
Lucullus
,
at
the
same
time
that
Intercaria
a
strong
Town
was
besieged
,
was
the
first
that
got
upon
the
Walls
.
Neither
was
there
any
person
in
the
whole
Army
,
considering
his
Nobility
,
his
hopeful
Youth
,
and
future
Acts
,
whose
safety
ought
to
have
been
more
regarded
and
consulted
.
But
then
the
most
noble
Young
men
,
to
enlarge
and
defend
their
Country
,
sustain'd
the
greatest
pains
and
perils
;
deeming
it
below
themselves
to
excel
in
Dignity
and
not
in
Vertue
.
Therefore
Emilianus
chose
a
Warlike
life
,
which
others
tor
the
hazard
thereof
avoid
.
7.
Among
these
,
Antiquity
offers
a
most
famous
Example
of
Fortitude
.
The
Romans
being
overthrown
by
the
Army
of
the
Gauls
,
and
forced
to
retire
into
the
Capitol
;
and
well
knowing
the
Walls
of
their
Fortresses
not
able
to
receive
their
whole
number
,
took
a
necessary
resolution
to
leave
their
old
people
in
the
open
City
,
that
the
young
men
might
be
the
better
enabled
to
defend
what
was
left
.
Yet
at
that
most
miserable
and
calamitous
season
,
was
not
our
City
forgetful
of
their
pristine
Vertue
:
for
though
deprived
of
their
Honour
,
they
sate
with
their
doors
open
,
in
their
Running-chairs
,
with
the
Habits
of
their
Magistracy
and
Priesthood
,
that
in
their
night
of
sorrow
they
might
retain
the
Splendor
and
Ornaments
of
their
past
life
,
and
might
encourage
the
people
more
couragiously
to
undergo
the
burthen
of
their
Calamity
.
Their
Aspect
was
Venerable
in
the
sight
of
their
Enemies
,
who
were
not
a
little
moved
at
the
Novelty
of
what
they
saw
,
considering
the
magnificence
of
their
Ornaments
,
and
their
strange
kinde
of
boldness
.
But
who
could
imagine
,
but
that
the
Gauls
,
now
Victors
,
would
soon
have
turn'd
their
admiration
into
Laughter
,
and
into
all
manner
of
Contumely
?
Therefore
Caius
Attilius
would
not
stay
to
expect
that
injury
;
for
he
fiercely
laid
his
Stick
cross
the
pate
of
a
Gaul
that
too
familiarly
stroaked
his
Beard
,
offering
his
body
freely
to
the
Souldier
that
out
of
madness
came
rushing
to
kill
him
.
Thus
Vertue
knows
not
how
to
be
taken
,
and
Patience
knows
no
disgrace
.
To
yield
to
Fortune
it
accompts
sadder
than
any
death
;
and
it
invents
new
and
generous
kinds
of
perishing
,
if
he
may
be
said
to
perish
that
comes
to
such
an
end
.
8.
We
are
now
to
give
due
honour
and
glory
to
the
Roman
Youth
,
who
when
C.
Sempronius
Attarinus
,
Consul
,
had
sought
with
ill
success
at
the
battel
of
Verrugo
,
against
the
Volsci
,
lest
our
Battel
just
upon
the
point
of
flying
,
should
receive
a
Rout
,
di●mounting
from
their
Horses
,
immediately
rallied
into
Foot-companies
,
and
broke
the
Enemies
Ranks
;
who
being
thus
forced
to
retire
,
the
Roman
Youth
possess●d
themselves
of
the
next
Hills
,
and
so
ordered
it
,
that
the
Volsci
turning
all
their
Force
upon
them
,
were
the
cause
that
our
Legions
got
in
the
mean
time
a
very
great
refreshment
to
confirm
their
Courage
.
And
thus
while
they
thought
of
obtaining
the
Trophies
,
the
night
separated
born
Armies
,
uncertain
whether
they
parted
Victors
or
vanquish'd
.
9.
A
noble
Flower
of
the
Order
of
Knighthood
was
he
also
,
by
whose
wonderful
Fortitude
Fabius
Maximus
Rullianus
,
Master
of
the
Horse
,
was
acquitted
of
a
Crime
which
he
was
like
to
have
fallen
into
,
of
loosing
a
Battel
to
the
Samnites
:
For
Papyrius
Cursor
being
gone
to
the
City
to
renew
the
inspection
of
Entrails
,
he
was
left
chief
Commander
in
his
absence
:
And
although
he
were
doubtful
of
leading
the
Army
out
to
battel
,
yet
at
length
joyning
battel
with
the
Enemy
,
he
sought
not
so
unsucc●ssfully
as
rashly
:
For
without
question
he
had
the
worst
.
At
which
the
Young
Nobility
pulling
the
bridles
off
their
horses
,
spurr'd
them
with
all
their
might
against
the
very
faces
of
the
Enemy
,
by
an
obstinate
Gallantry
restoring
a
Victory
wrung
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Enemy
,
and
the
hope
of
Rullianus
,
which
his
Country
now
conceived
of
his
being
the
greatest
of
our
Citizens
.
10.
But
of
what
a
prodigious
strength
were
those
Souldiers
,
who
wading
the
slippery
Sea
as
they
had
been
on
firm
Land
,
hal'd
back
the
Punick
Fleet
by
main
strength
to
the
shore
,
though
endeavouring
to
fly
with
the
labour
of
all
their
Oars
?
11.
About
the
same
time
,
and
of
the
same
repute
was
that
Souldier
,
who
at
the
Battel
of
Cannae
,
where
Hannibal
rather
brake
the
power
than
the
courage
of
the
Romans
,
when
his
wounded
hands
were
unable
to
ho●d
his
Arms
,
graspimg
a
Numidian
about
the
neck
that
come
to
srrip
him
,
he
bit
off
his
Ears
and
his
Nose
,
expiring
in
the
midst
of
that
revenge
.
An
odde
kinde
of
Event
in
fight
,
where
the
party
killed
is
stronger
than
he
that
kills
him
:
For
the
Carthaginian
liable
to
revenge
,
rejoyc'd
the
dying
person
,
and
the
Roman
was
his
Revenger
at
the
very
conclusion
of
his
life
.
12.
Publius
Crassus
making
War
in
Asia
with
Aristonicus
,
b●ing
set
upon
by
the
Thracians
,
of
which
he
had
a
great
number
for
his
assistance
,
between
Smyrnae
and
Elea
;
for
fear
he
should
come
into
their
power
,
he
avoided
the
shame
by
resolving
to
die
:
For
he
thurst
his
Riding-rod
into
the
eye
of
one
of
the
Barbarians
,
who
enraged
with
the
pain
thereof
,
thrust
Crassus
into
the
side
with
his
Cutlace
;
and
while
he
revenges
himself
,
freed
the
Roman
Emperour
from
the
shame
of
having
lost
his
Honour
.
Crassus
shewed
Fortune
that
she
intended
to
have
punished
a
person
altogether
unworthy
of
so
great
an
Indignity
,
as
being
one
that
not
onely
prudently
but
couragiously
broke
the
snares
which
she
had
laid
to
entrap
his
Liberty
,
and
restored
his
own
Dignity
to
himself
,
although
now
given
to
Aristonicus
.
13.
The
same
resolution
Scipio
made
use
of
,
who
having
unsuccessfully
endeavour'd
to
defend
the
cause
of
Pompey
his
Son-in-Law
in
Africa
,
endeavour'd
to
fly
into
Spain
;
but
understanding
that
the
Ship
wherein
he
was
,
was
taken
by
the
Enemy
,
he
ran
himself
through
,
and
so
falling
down
upon
the
Poop
,
when
Caesar's
Souldiers
asked
for
their
Commander
,
he
made
answer
,
The
Commander
is
well
:
having
power
only
to
speak
so
much
as
to
testifie
,
to
his
eternal
praise
,
the
Greatness
of
his
Minde
.
14.
Not
less
the
Moniment
of
Vtica
were
thy
last
breachings
,
mighty
Cato
;
out
of
whose
Wounds
flowed
more
Glory
than
Blood
.
For
with
a
fierce
Constancy
lying
upon
the
Sword
,
thou
wert
a
most
noble
Example
of
Instruction
,
That
to
all
good
Men
Dignity
and
Honour
without
Life
,
is
far
better
than
Li●e
without
Honour
.
15.
Whose
Daughter
had
no
Womanish
Spirit
:
who
knowing
the
resolution
that
her
Husband
Brutus
had
taken
to
kill
Caesar
,
the
night
before
the
day
wherein
that
most
horrid
act
was
committed
,
assoon
as
Brutus
was
gone
out
of
the
Chamber
,
she
call'd
for
a
Razor
,
pretending
to
pare
her
Nails
;
and
as
if
she
had
let
it
tall
by
chance
,
gave
her self
a
Wound
therewith
.
Upon
the
cry
of
the
Maids
Brutus
coming
in
,
began
to
chide
her
that
she
had
took
the
Barber's
trade
out
of
his
hands
.
To
whom
she
privately
whisper'd
,
This
is
no
rash
action
of
mine
;
but
as
things
now
stand
,
a
most
certain
proof
of
my
Love
towards
thee
.
For
I
was
resolv'd
to
try
,
if
thy
purpose
,
should
not
succeed
according
to
thy
desire
,
how
bravely
and
patiently
I
could
kill
my self
.
16
More
happy
in
his
Offspring
was
the
Elder
Cato
,
out
of
whose
Loins
sprang
the
Family
of
Porcius
.
Who
being
in
battle
forely
press'd
upon
by
his
Enemy
,
his
Sword
fell
out
of
the
Scabbard
;
which
though
he
saw
encompass'd
with
such
numbers
of
his
Enemies
,
yet
such
was
his
obstinacy
to
recover
it
,
that
he
would
not
give
over
,
till
he
had
done
it
:
so
that
at
length
he
seem'd
not
to
have
wrung
it
out
of
the
hands
of
dang●r
,
but
to
take
it
up
in
security
.
Which
sight
so
terrified
his
Enemies
,
that
the
next
day
they
came
to
him
to
b●g
●●r
Peace
.
17.
The
Fortitude
of
the
Gown
may
be
mixt
with
Warlike
Actions
,
deserving
the
same
honour
in
Courts
of
Justice
as
in
the
Camp
.
When
T.
Gracchus
,
having
got
the
favour
of
the
People
by
his
profuseness
,
endeavour'd
to
oppress
the
Common-wealth
,
and
openly
declar'd
,
that
the
Senate
being
put
to
death
,
all
things
ought
to
be
transacted
by
the
People
;
The
Senate
being
summon'd
into
the
Temple
of
Faith
by
Mucius
Scaevola
Consul
,
began
to
consult
what
at
such
a
time
to
do
:
and
all
being
of
opinion
,
that
the
Consul
ought
to
govern
the
Common-wealth
by
force
of
Arms
,
Scaevola
denied
that
he
would
do
any
thing
by
force
.
Then
replyed
Scipio
Nasica
,
Because
(
saith
he
)
the
Consul
,
while
he
follows
the
course
of
Law
,
doth
that
which
will
bring
both
the
Law
and
all
the
Roman
Empire
in
jeopardy
;
I
as
a
private
person
offer
my self
to
be
commanded
,
and
to
command
according
to
your
will
.
Then
lapping
his
left
hand
in
his
upper
Coat
,
and
listing
up
his
right
,
he
openly
proclaim'd
,
They
who
desire
the
safety
of
the
Common-wealth
,
let
um
follow
me
:
at
which
words
being
followed
without
delay
by
the
honest
part
of
the
Citizens
,
he
brought
Gracchus
to
the
Punishment
which
he
deserved
.
18.
Also
when
Saturninus
Tribune
of
the
people
,
the
Pretor
Glaucia
,
and
Equitius
designed
Tribune
of
the
people
,
had
raised
most
terrible
Seditions
in
our
City
,
and
no
body
durst
oppose
themselves
against
the
fury
of
the
people
;
Emilius
Scaurus
was
the
first
that
advised
C.
Marius
the
sixth
time
Consul
,
that
he
should
defend
the
Laws
and
Liberty
by
the
Sword
;
and
presently
commanded
Arms
to
be
brought
,
and
being
come
,
put
them
upon
his
aged
body
,
now
almost
quite
wasted
with
Age
;
and
then
leaning
upon
his
Dart
,
stood
before
the
door
of
the
Council-house
;
with
the
small
remnants
of
his
life
,
keeping
the
Common-wealth
from
expiring
:
For
the
constancy
of
his
minde
encourag'd
the
Senate
and
the
whole
Order
of
Knighthood
to
revenge
.
19.
But
as
we
have
hitherto
related
the
Fortitude
of
Arms
and
Arts
,
let
us
remember
the
sacred
Julius
,
the
chief
Glory
of
all
the
Stars
,
the
truest
Pattern
of
Vertue
.
When
he
saw
his
men
almost
fainting
through
the
innumerable
multitude
and
fury
of
the
Nervae
,
taking
a
Shield
out
of
a
Souldiers
hand
,
that
he
beheld
fighting
but
weakly
,
he
began
under
the
covert
thereof
to
behave
himself
with
great
Vigour
;
by
which
act
he
infused
Courage
into
the
whole
Army
,
and
restored
the
tottering
fortune
of
the
Battel
.
The
same
person
seeing
the
Eagle
bearer
of
the
Martian
Legion
with
his
back
turn'd
in
a
posture
of
flight
,
catching
him
by
the
Jaws
he
brought
him
back
to
his
place
again
;
and
then
stretching
his
right
hand
toward
the
Enemy
,
he
cry'd
out
,
Why
dost
thou
go
this
way
?
yonder
is
the
Enemy
which
thou
art
to
fight
with
.
Thus
with
his
hands
one
Souldier
,
with
his
severe
reprehension
,
corrected
the
timorousness
of
all
the
Legions
,
and
taught
them
who
were
ready
to
be
overcome
,
how
to
vanquish
.
20.
But
that
we
may
proceed
to
one
act
of
Manly
Vertue
:
When
Hannibal
besieged
the
Roman
Army
in
Capua
,
Vibius
Acceus
,
Colonel
of
the
Pelignian
Cohort
,
threw
an
Ensigne
over
the
Carthaginian
Rampire
,
cursing
himself
and
his
fellow-Souldiers
if
ever
they
let
the
Enemy
enjoy
it
;
and
so
to
recover
it
again
,
he
was
the
first
that
made
the
Assault
,
the
whole
Cohort
following
him
:
Which
when
Valerius
Flaccus
,
Tribune
of
the
third
Legion
,
turning
to
his
own
,
said
,
I
see
we
are
come
here
to
be
Spectators
of
other
mens
Vertue
;
but
far
be
it
from
us
to
suffer
the
Glory
of
the
Romans
to
give
place
to
the
Valour
of
the
Latins
.
For
my
own
part
,
I
desire
either
an
honourable
death
,
or
a
happy
Issue
of
my
venturousness
;
therefore
am
resolved
to
fall
on
though
I
am
alone
.
These
words
being
heard
,
Pedanius
the
Centurion
catching
up
the
Ensigne
,
and
holding
it
in
his
right
hand
,
This
,
said
he
,
shall
be
with
me
within
the
Enemies
Rampire
:
Let
them
follow
that
are
unwilling
it
should
be
taken
.
With
that
he
slew
into
the
Carthaginian
Camp
,
drawing
the
whole
Legion
after
him
.
Thus
the
couragious
Temerity
of
three
men
,
made
Hannibal
who
thought
himself
Master
of
Capua
,
hardly
to
be
safe
in
his
own
Camp
.
21.
Neither
was
Q.
Curius
any
thing
behinde
them
in
Fortitude
;
who
for
his
stoutness
was
sirnamed
Achilles
;
For
not
to
reckon
up
all
his
famous
Actions
,
we
shall
make
appear
by
two
Atchievements
onely
,
how
great
a
Warriour
he
was
.
In
the
time
that
Metellus
was
Consul
,
he
was
sent
a
Legate
into
Spain
,
carrying
on
the
Celtiberian
War
as
Lieutenant
under
the
Consul
:
hearing
that
he
was
challenged
out
to
fight
by
a
certain
Young
man
of
that
Nation
,
though
he
were
then
just
going
to
Dinner
,
he
caused
his
Arms
and
his
Horse
to
be
privately
conveyed
out
of
the
Camp
,
lest
the
Consul
should
forbid
him
,
or
otherways
hinder
him
;
and
following
the
Celtiberian
,
that
was
vauntingly
curvetting
to
and
fro
about
the
field
,
slew
him
,
and
taking
the
spoils
of
his
dead
Enemy
,
return'd
Triumphing
to
the
Camp
.
He
also
compelled
Piresius
,
one
of
the
most
noble
and
stoutest
among
the
Celtiberians
,
who
also
gave
him
a
particular
Challenge
,
to
yield
to
him
:
Nor
was
the
noble
Youth
asham'd
to
give
him
his
own
Sword
and
Souldiers
Coat
in
the
view
of
both
Armies
.
And
also
requested
,
that
so
soon
as
there
was
Peace
between
the
Celtiberians
and
the
Romans
,
that
there
might
be
a
str●ct
League
of
Friendship
between
them
.
22.
Nor
must
we
pass
by
C.
Attilius
;
who
being
a
Souldier
of
the
tenth
Legion
,
and
fighting
on
Caesar's
behalf
in
a
Sea-engagement
,
when
they
had
cut
off
his
r
ght
hand
with
which
he
held
a
Ship
of
the
Massilians
,
took
hold
of
the
Vessel
with
his
left
:
nor
did
leave
fighting
till
the
Ship
was
taken
and
sunk
.
The
Valour
also
of
Cynaegyrus
the
Athenian
,
whose
pertin●cy
in
pursuit
of
the
Enemy
was
not
unlike
this
,
Greece
,
so
fluent
in
extolling
the
Praises
of
her
own
Hero's
,
has
sufficiently
inculcated
into
the
memory
of
Posterity
.
23.
The
Naval-glory
of
Attilius
,
requires
that
we
should
rehearse
the
praise
of
Caesius
Scaeva
a
Centurion
,
under
the
command
of
the
same
Empires
:
For
he
maintaining
a
Castle
which
was
committed
to
his
charge
,
and
which
a
Captain
of
Pompey's
was
sent
to
take
with
a
great
number
of
man
,
he
slew
all
that
adventured
to
come
neer
;
and
●ighting
afoot
without
the
least
giving
back
,
at
length
fell
upon
a
vast
heap
of
people
that
he
had
slain
.
His
head
,
shoulders
,
and
thighs
were
cut
and
ma●gled
,
his
eyes
po●ked
out
,
his
Target
p●●re●d
through
in
a
hundred
and
twenty
places
.
Such
Souldiers
did
the
Dis●●pline
of
Divine
Julius
breed
;
of
which
the
one
with
the
less
of
his
right
hand
,
the
other
with
the
loss
of
his
eyes
,
terri●ied
their
Enemies
:
The
one
after
his
loss
a
Victor
,
the
other
a
looser
,
yet
not
vanquished
.
But
thy
invinci●le
Courage
,
O
Scaeva
,
in
every
part
of
the
nature
of
things
,
I
know
not
how
to
extol
with
adm
r●tion
enough
,
because
by
thy
excellent
Vertue
thou
〈…〉
it
doubtful
,
whether
thou
didst
make
a
more
noble
Fight
at
Sea
,
or
speak
a
more
illustrious
Sp●●on
by
Land
.
For
in
the
War
wherein
Caesar
not
content
to
limit
his
fame
within
the
bounds
of
the
Ocean
,
laid
his
celestial
hands
upon
the
Isle
of
Britain
,
being
carried
with
Four
of
his
Souldiers
,
and
set
ashoar
upon
a
Rock
near
the
Land
,
which
the
Enemy
had
possest
with
a
very
strong
Army
,
after
the
Ebb
,
by
the
falling
of
the
water
,
had
made
the
passage
easie
from
the
Island
to
the
Rock
,
which
was
divided
before
;
being
assaulted
with
a
very
great
number
of
the
Barbarians
,
Scaeva
only
keeping
his
station
immoveable
,
the
Darts
flying
about
his
ears
,
and
the
Enemy
every
way
endeavouring
to
assail
him
,
fix'd
in
the
Bodies
of
his
Adversaries
as
many
Piles
with
his
single
right
hind
,
as
would
have
serv'd
five
Souldiers
for
a
Battle
of
a
whole
days
continuance
:
at
length
,
drawing
his
Sword
and
beating
back
his
Enemies
,
sometimes
with
the
Point
,
and
sometimes
with
the
Hilt
,
he
became
such
a
spectacle
of
Wonder
,
not
only
to
the
Romans
,
but
to
the
Britains
also
,
which
none
but
those
that
beheld
it
,
could
have
imagin'd
.
At
length
,
Anger
and
Shame
forc'd
them
that
were
tir'd
to
do
their
utmost
,
when
he
,
run
through
the
Thigh
,
his
Face
batter'd
with
Stones
,
his
Head-piece
bruised
in
several
places
,
commits
himself
to
the
Sea
,
and
laden
with
two
Coats
of
Mail
,
escap'd
through
the
Waves
,
which
he
had
dyed
with
the
Blood
of
his
Enemies
.
Coming
to
his
General
,
not
having
lost
his
Arms
,
but
well
bestow'd
um
,
when
he
deserv'd
his
praise
,
he
begg'd
his
pardon
.
Great
in
fight
,
but
greater
in
the
remembrance
of
Military
Discipline
:
Therefore
by
the
best
Esteemer
and
Discerner
of
Virtue
,
both
thy
deeds
and
words
were
rewarded
with
the
honour
of
a
Centurions
command
.
24.
But
let
the
Memory
of
Luc.
Sicinius
Dentatus
conclude
all
the
Roman
Examples
of
the
Fortitude
of
the
Roman
Warriours
;
whose
Deeds
,
and
the
Rewards
of
his
Actions
,
may
be
thought
to
exceed
the
limits
of
belief
;
but
for
the
credit
of
the
Authors
,
among
whom
we
finde
M.
Varro
,
who
attest
the
same
in
their
Memorials
,
whom
they
affirm
to
have
been
in
an
Hundred
and
Twenty
pitch'd
Battels
;
being
endued
with
that
Courage
of
Mind
and
Strength
of
Body
,
that
he
se●m'd
to
carry
away
the
greatest
share
of
the
Victory
:
And
of
these
Battles
there
were
Eight
wherein
he
sought
upon
Challenges
,
while
both
Armies
lookt
on
.
He
is
said
to
have
saved
fourteen
Citizens
,
to
have
received
forty
five
Wounds
upon
his
Breast
,
not
having
one
Scar
upon
his
Back
.
He
followed
nine
several
Triumphal
Chariots
of
several
Generals
,
drawing
the
eyes
of
the
whole
City
that
beheld
the
multitude
and
pompous
glory
of
his
Rewards
.
For
he
had
eight
Golden
Crowns
,
fourteen
City-Crowns
,
and
three
Mural-Crowns
,
together
with
one
Obsi●●onal
Garland
,
Chains
one
hundred
eighty
three
,
Bracelets
one
hundred
and
sixty
,
Spears
eighteen
,
Trappings
twenty
five
.
Ornaments
sufficient
for
a
Legion
,
rather
than
for
the
use
of
a
private
Souldier
.
FORREIGN
.
1.
That
Blood
was
also
confounded
out
of
many
Bodies
into
one
,
with
great
admiration
,
in
the
Town
of
the
Calibes
,
where
Fulvius
Flaccus
having
condemn'd
the
chief
of
the
City
to
loose
their
Heads
for
their
Perfidiousness
in
Campania
,
and
that
he
was
by
Letters
from
the
Senate
order'd
to
see
execution
done
;
Jubellius
Taurea
a
Campanian
freely
offer'd
himself
to
him
,
crying
ou●
as
loud
as
he
could
,
Because
,
said
he
,
O
Ful●●us
thou
art
so
desirous
of
shedding
blood
,
why
dost
thou
delay
to
sheath
thy
Sword
in
my
Bowels
,
that
thou
maist
have
an
occasion
to
boast
,
that
thou
didst
once
ki●●
a
stouter
man
than
thy self
?
Who
replying
that
he
would
gladly
do
it
,
but
that
he
was
otherwise
order'd
by
the
Senate
;
Behold
me
,
then
replyed
the
other
,
upon
whom
the
Conscript
Fathers
have
laid
no
commands
,
outwardly
quiet
enough
,
but
meditating
a
great
▪
work
in
my
mind
:
and
immediately
killing
his
Wife
and
Children
,
fell
upon
his
own
Sword
.
What
kind
of
person
must
we
believe
him
to
be
,
who
was
so
willing
with
the
slaughter
of
himself
and
his
Relations
to
testifie
,
that
he
would
rather
delude
the
Cruelty
of
Fulvius
,
than
make
use
of
the
Mercy
of
the
Senate
?
2.
Again
,
how
great
was
the
Courage
of
Gobrias
,
who
,
when
he
freed
the
Persians
from
the
sordid
and
cruel
Tyranny
of
the
Magi
,
having
thrown
one
of
the
Magi
down
in
a
dark
place
,
and
lying
with
all
his
weight
upon
him
,
and
perceiving
that
one
of
his
Companions
in
his
noble
enterprize
was
afraid
to
kill
the
Tyrant
,
for
fear
of
hurting
him
,
cryed
out
,
Vse
not
thy
Sword
ere
a
whit
the
less
timorously
for
fear
of
me
;
rather
thrust
it
through
us
both
,
that
this
fellow
may
die
the
more
speedily
.
3.
In
this
place
we
meet
with
Leonidas
,
a
Noble
Spartan
,
than
whose
Designe
,
Enterprize
and
Issue
there
was
nothing
more
courageous
.
For
being
placed
in
the
Streights
of
Thermopylae
against
the
whole
force
of
Asia
,
only
with
Three
Hundred
of
his
Citizens
,
through
the
obstinacy
of
his
Virtue
,
he
drave
Xerxes
to
despair
,
who
a
little
before
was
a
burthen
both
to
Sea
and
Land
;
not
only
terrible
to
Men
,
but
one
that
threatned
to
chain
the
Sea
,
and
setter
the
Heavens
:
but
being
through
the
▪
perfidiousness
of
the
Inhabitants
of
that
Country
deprived
of
the
advantage
of
the
place
,
he
resolv'd
to
fall
,
rather
than
leave
the
station
where
his
Country
had
set
him
.
And
therefore
he
exhorted
his
people
with
so
much
chearfulness
to
that
Battle
where
they
were
sure
to
perish
,
crying
out
,
Fellow-souldiers
,
let
us
Dine
like
such
as
art
to
Sup
in
the
other
world
.
Death
was
all
their
hopes
▪
yet
fearless
they
obeyed
their
Leader
,
as
sure
of
Victory
.
4.
The
glorious
Battle
and
Death
of
Othryades
,
is
only
seen
in
the
praise
,
rather
than
in
the
larger
space
of
Thyarete
.
Who
spoiling
the
enemy
of
Victory
,
by
Letters
written
with
his
own
Blood
;
after
his
own
fate
,
would
not
carry
into
the
bosome
of
his
Country
the
bloody
superscription
of
his
Trophies
.
5.
But
a
most
sad
effort
follows
the
most
excellent
effects
of
the
Spartan
Vertue
.
Epaminondas
,
the
chief
Felicity
of
Thebes
,
and
the
first
scourge
of
the
Lacedemonian
Valour
,
when
he
had
broken
the
antient
glory
,
and
till
that
time
invincible
publick
glory
of
that
City
,
in
the
two
Battles
of
Mantinea
and
Leuctra
,
being
run
through
with
a
Spear
,
and
saluting
for
want
of
Blood
and
Breath
,
ask●d
those
who
endeavour'd
to
recover
him
.
First
,
whether
his
Shield
were
safe
;
and
●ext
,
whether
the
Enemy
was
quite
vanquish'd
:
Which
when
he
found
according
to
his
desire
,
Fellow-Souldiers
,
said
he
,
this
is
not
the
end
,
but
a
fortunate
and
auspicious
beginning
of
my
life
:
For
your
Epaminondas
is
now
born
,
because
be
thus
dyes
.
I
see
Thebes
by
my
Conduct
and
Command
the
head
of
all
Greece
.
The
strong
and
courageous
City
of
Sparta
submits
,
vanquish'd
by
our
Arms
,
and
Greece
freed
from
her
bitter
Tyranny
.
Not
having
Children
,
yet
I
die
not
without
Children
,
I
leave
Leuctra
and
Mantinea
behind
me
.
Then
commanding
the
Spear
to
be
pull'd
out
of
his
Body
,
he
expir'd
.
Whom
if
the
Immortal
Gods
had
suffer'd
to
enjoy
his
Victories
,
a
more
glorious
Redeemer
had
never
enter'd
the
Walls
of
any
City
.
6.
Nor
was
the
Constancy
of
Theramenes
the
Athenian
inconsiderable
,
being
compell'd
to
die
in
Prison
,
where
without
any
signe
of
fear
he
drank
the
Potion
prepar'd
for
him
by
the
thirty
Tyrants
;
and
smiling
upon
the
publick
Officer
that
brought
it
;
Tell
Critias
,
quoth
he
,
I
drink
to
him
,
and
therefore
take
care
that
thou
carry
him
the
Cup
,
assoon
as
thou
canst
.
Now
this
Critias
was
the
cruellest
or
all
the
Tyrants
.
Certainly
it
is
as
easie
to
free
a
mans
self
from
punishment
,
as
to
endure
punishment
:
and
thus
Theramenes
,
as
if
he
had
died
in
his
Bed
,
departed
this
life
;
by
his
enemies
thought
to
have
been
punish'd
,
in
his
own
opinion
yielding
only
to
common
fate
.
7.
But
Theramenes
receiv'd
his
Constancy
from
Learning
and
Education
:
But
the
natural
Ferity
of
the
people
taught
Theogenes
the
Numantine
to
take
the
same
course
.
For
the
affairs
of
Numantium
being
in
a
low
and
lost
condition
,
himself
excelling
a●
others
in
Wealth
,
Honour
and
Nobility
,
getting
a
great
quantity
of
combustible
matter
together
,
he
set
his
own
Street
,
which
was
the
fairest
in
the
whole
City
,
on
fire
,
and
laying
a
naked
Sword
in
the
midst
of
it
,
he
commanded
two
persons
to
fight
together
,
that
the
Head
of
him
that
was
kill'd
might
be
cast
upon
the
flames
:
and
having
by
this
strong
engagement
consum'd
everybody
else
,
at
length
he
threw
himself
into
the
fire
.
8.
And
that
I
may
rehearse
the
destruction
of
a
City
at
equal
enmity
with
ours
;
when
Carthage
was
taken
,
the
wife
of
Asdrubal
upbraiding
him
with
Impiety
for
b●gging
onely
his
own
life
at
Scipio's
hands
,
taking
her
Children
which
she
had
by
him
in
her
right
and
left
hand
,
willing
to
die
,
the
flung
her self
into
the
flaming
Ruines
of
her
Country
.
9.
To
this
Example
of
Female-fortitude
,
I
will
adde
one
stout
Casualty
of
two
Virgins
.
Wh●n
through
the
most
pestiferous
Sedition
of
the
Syracusans
,
the
whole
Family
of
King
Gelo
,
afflicted
with
eneless
Calamities
,
was
reduced
to
one
Virgin-daughter
,
named
Harmonia
,
and
that
the
Enemy
made
several
offers
of
violence
upon
her
;
Her
Nurse
took
a
Childe
somewhat
like
her
,
and
having
dress'd
it
in
royal
Apparel
,
exposed
her
to
the
fury
of
her
Enemies
;
who
when
she
was
about
to
be
slain
,
would
not
declare
her
condition
.
Harmonica
admiring
her
condition
,
and
not
willing
to
outlive
so
much
Faith
,
called
back
the
Murtherers
,
and
confessing
who
she
was
,
was
the
cause
of
her
own
death
.
Thus
a
covert
Lye
was
the
bane
of
the
one
,
the
open
truth
the
destruction
of
the
other
.
CHAP.
III.
Of
Patience
.
ROMAN
Examples
,
whereof
are
two
.
-
1.
C.
Mutius
Cordus
,
first
called
Scaevola
.
-
2.
Pompey
Embassadour
to
King
Gentius
.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
A
Macedonian
Youth
.
-
2.
Zeno
Eleatean
,
-
3.
The
other
Zeno.
-
4.
Anaxarchus
Abderite
.
-
5.
Theodorus
of
Syracuse
.
-
6.
The
Indians
.
-
7.
The
African
slave
contemning
Death
and
Torments
.
FOrtitude
hath
been
apparent
to
the
eyes
of
men
by
the
famous
Deeds
both
of
men
and
women
:
and
by
her
incitement
,
Patience
appears
grounded
upon
as
firm
foundations
,
not
being
endued
with
a
less
generous
Soul
,
but
so
like
the
one
co
the
other
,
that
she
seems
to
have
received
her
birth
either
with
her
or
from
her
.
1.
For
what
has
a
greater
resemblance
to
what
I
have
formerly
related
,
than
the
Act
of
Mutius
,
who
grieving
to
see
our
City
vexed
with
a
long
and
grievous
War
,
by
Porsenna
King
of
the
Heturians
,
privately
got
armed
into
the
Camp
,
endeavour'd
to
have
slain
him
as
he
was
sacrificing
before
the
Altar
;
But
failing
in
the
Enterprize
,
and
being
laid
hold
on
,
he
neither
concealed
the
cause
of
his
coming
;
and
besides
that
,
with
a
wonderful
patience
shew'd
how
little
he
fear'd
any
torment
they
could
put
him
to
:
For
as
it
were
out
of
an
enmity
to
his
right
hand
,
because
he
could
not
use
it
in
the
slaughter
of
the
King
,
he
held
it
in
the
fire
,
enduring
it
to
be
burnt
off
.
Certainly
the
Immortal
Gods
never
beheld
with
more
heedful
eyes
any
Offering
made
them
.
And
it
forced
Porsenna
himself
,
forgetful
of
the
danger
,
to
turn
his
Revenge
into
Admiration
.
Return
,
quoth
he
,
to
thy
own
Friends
,
and
tell
them
how
I
have
given
thee
thy
life
for
seeking
mine
.
Whose
Clemency
Mutius
no
way
flattering
,
more
sorry
to
see
him
live
,
than
glad
of
his
own
life
,
return'd
to
the
City
with
a
sirname
of
eternal
glory
,
being
called
Scaevola
.
2.
Most
approved
also
is
the
Vertue
of
Pompey
;
who
being
sent
upon
an
Embassie
,
and
taken
by
the
way
by
King
Gentius
,
and
commanded
to
reveral
the
Counsels
of
the
Senate
,
thrust
his
finger
into
a
burning
Candle
:
which
patience
of
his
made
the
King
not
onely
despair
of
getting
any
thing
out
of
him
by
force
,
but
also
very
desirous
of
the
friendship
of
the
Romans
.
But
lest
,
while
I
strive
to
enumerate
more
Domestick
Examples
of
this
sort
,
I
should
be
forced
to
embroyl
my self
in
the
relations
and
stories
of
our
civil
Discords
,
which
as
they
contain
the
Relation
of
most
famous
men
,
so
they
renew
the
publick
Grief
,
I
shall
pass
to
those
of
Forraign
Nations
.
EXTERNAL
.
According
to
the
ancient
Custome
of
Greece
,
the
most
eminent
Noblemens
Sons
did
always
attend
upon
King
Alexander
when
he
sacrificed
:
Among
which
there
was
one
who
while
he
stood
before
the
King
,
holding
the
Censer
,
a
live
cole
fell
upon
his
arm
,
which
though
it
burnt
his
flesh
so
vehemently
that
the
stink
thereof
offended
the
nostrils
of
all
the
standers
by
,
yet
the
Lad
would
by
no
means
discover
his
pain
,
fearing
to
disturb
the
Sacrifice
by
letting
fall
the
Censer
,
or
to
offend
the
Kings
ears
by
complaining
.
The
King
pleased
with
the
patience
of
the
Youth
,
and
willing
to
make
a
mere
certain
tryal
thereof
,
prolong'd
the
Sacrifice
beyond
his
wonted
time
;
yet
nothing
would
alter
the
constancy
of
the
Lad.
Had
Darius
cast
his
eyes
upon
this
wonder
,
he
would
have
known
that
Souldiers
of
such
a
race
were
not
to
be
overcome
,
while
in
their
tender
age
he
beheld
them
endu'd
with
such
a
strength
.
There
is
that
vehement
and
constant
Discipline
of
the
Minde
,
I
mean
Philosophy
excelling
in
Learning
,
ruler
of
the
venerable
Mysteries
of
Doctrne
,
which
being
receiv'd
into
the
breast
of
men
,
they
presently
lay
aside
all
dishonest
and
unworthy
affections
,
and
being
armed
with
the
true
weapons
of
Vertue
,
advance
themselves
above
all
fear
and
thought
of
pain
.
2.
I
will
begin
from
Zeno
of
Eleas
;
who
being
a
most
wise
observer
of
the
nature
of
things
,
and
most
sedulous
to
kindle
Courage
and
Vigour
in
the
minds
of
Youth
,
purchased
Credit
to
his
Precepts
by
Examples
of
his
own
Vertue
:
For
departing
his
Country
,
where
he
might
have
lived
secure
in
Lib●rty
,
he
went
to
Agrigentum
,
then
groaning
under
a
most
miserable
servitude
,
confiding
in
his
Conversation
and
Manners
,
that
he
was
in
good
hopes
to
work
the
Tyrant
,
though
a
Phalaris
,
out
of
the
ferity
of
his
rude
nature
.
After
some
time
observing
that
the
Custome
of
Dominion
was
more
prevalent
than
wholsome
Counsels
,
he
stirr'd
up
and
inflam'd
the
minds
of
the
most
noble
Youth
with
a
desire
of
recovering
their
Liberty
.
Which
being
reveal'd
to
the
Tyrant
,
he
call'd
the
People
into
the
Market-place
,
and
in
their
presence
began
to
punish
Zeno
with
most
exquisite
torments
;
oftentimes
asking
him
who
were
his
Confederates
in
the
Conspiracy
.
Zeno
would
name
none
of
them
,
but
only
those
that
were
the
Tyrants
chiefest
Friends
and
Relations
;
and
then
upbraiding
the
Agrigentines
with
their
sloath
and
fear
,
rais'd
such
a
suddain
commotion
in
their
minds
,
that
they
fell
upon
the
Tyrant
and
stoned
him
to
death
.
It
was
not
the
suppliant
Voice
,
the
miserable
Cries
of
an
Old-man
upon
the
Rack
,
but
his
strong
and
serious
exhortation
,
that
chang●d
the
Courage
and
Fortune
of
the
whole
City
.
3.
A
Philosopher
of
the
same
Name
,
being
put
upon
the
Rack
by
Nearchus
the
Tyrant
,
whose
Death
he
had
conspit'd
,
did
not
only
appear
a
Conquerour
of
his
pain
and
punishment
in
concealing
his
Confederates
,
but
shewed
himself
more
covetous
of
revenge
;
and
therefore
telling
the
Tyrant
that
he
had
something
to
declare
,
which
it
was
fit
that
no
body
else
should
hear
,
he
was
thereupon
loosen'd
from
the
Rack
,
and
pretending
to
whisper
in
the
Tyrants
ear
,
when
he
saw
his
time
,
caught
his
Ear
in
his
Teeth
,
nor
would
let
go
,
till
with
the
loss
of
his
Life
,
the
other
had
lost
a
member
of
his
body
.
4.
Anaxarchus
imitating
the
same
Patience
,
and
being
put
upon
the
Rack
by
Nicocreon
,
Tyrant
of
Cyprus
,
when
he
could
by
no
means
be
restrain'd
from
casting
the
most
bitter
taunts
and
reproaches
imaginable
against
the
Tyrant
,
who
at
length
threatned
to
cut
out
his
Tongue
;
This
part
of
my
body
neither
,
quoth
he
,
effeminate
Youngman
,
shall
be
in
thy
power
:
and
presently
biting
it
off
with
his
teeth
,
when
he
had
sufficiently
chew'd
it
,
he
spit
it
into
the
Tyrants
mouth
gaping
for
anger
.
That
tongue
wonderfully
astonish'd
the
ears
of
many
,
especially
of
Alexander
the
King
,
having
before
so
wisely
and
eloquently
described
the
condition
of
the
Earth
,
the
scituation
of
the
Sea
,
the
Motion
of
the
Stars
,
and
lastly
the
Nature
of
the
whole
World
,
Yet
he
fell
more
gloriously
than
he
liv'd
,
seeing
such
a
couragious
conclusion
approv'd
the
illustriousness
of
his
profession
,
and
beautified
with
such
a
noble
end
.
And
Anaxarchus
did
not
only
not
forsake
living
,
but
render'd
his
Death
more
famous
.
5.
In
vain
did
Hieronymus
the
Tyrant
weary
the
hands
of
the
Executioners
with
the
Tortures
of
Theodorus
a
most
eminent
person
.
For
the
Tyrant
was
forced
to
break
his
Whips
,
loosen
the
Strings
,
take
him
from
the
Rack
,
and
quench
the
burning
Plates
,
ere
he
could
make
him
confess
his
Confederates
.
At
length
,
by
accusing
one
of
the
Tyrants
Guard
,
upon
whose
shoulders
as
upon
hinges
the
whole
weight
of
the
Government
hung
,
he
sav'd
one
of
his
most
faithful
Friends
.
And
by
the
benefit
of
his
Patience
not
only
conceal'd
the
Secrets
of
the
Conspiracy
,
but
occasioned
his
own
revenge
.
For
Hieronymus
,
while
he
covetously
tears
his
Enemies
flesh
,
rashly
lost
his
Friend
.
6.
Among
the
Indians
the
Exercise
of
Patience
is
reported
to
be
so
obstinately
observ'd
,
that
there
be
some
that
go
naked
all
their
days
,
hardening
their
Bodies
in
the
extreme
cold
of
Caucasus
,
sometimes
walking
thorow
fire
without
any
complaint
.
And
by
this
contempt
of
pain
,
they
gain
no
small
honour
,
receiving
from
thence
the
title
of
Wisdom
.
7.
Such
things
as
these
arise
from
minds
high
and
fraught
with
knowledg
:
but
this
is
no
less
to
be
admired
in
a
Slave
.
A
Barbarian
Slave
grieving
for
the
loss
of
his
Master
,
presently
setting
upon
Asdrubal
,
slew
him
.
And
when
being
apprehended
he
was
tormented
all
manner
of
ways
,
yet
he
constantly
retain'd
in
his
mouth
the
joy
which
he
had
in
his
revenge
.
Vertue
therefore
not
excited
by
the
trouble
of
attaining
,
suffers
her self
to
be
always
possess'd
by
vigorous
Ingenuities
;
nor
affords
a
taste
of
her self
large
or
thrifty
according
to
the
difference
of
the
persons
,
but
being
expos'd
equally
to
all
,
esteems
more
what
it
brings
of
desire
than
worth
:
And
therefore
leaves
thee
to
examine
the
weight
thereof
,
by
the
consideration
of
the
benefits
receiv'd
by
her
,
that
thou
mayst
carry
away
with
thee
as
much
,
as
thy
Courage
is
able
to
bear
.
CHAP.
IV.
Of
those
who
being
meanly
born
,
have
advanced
to
great
Honours
.
Among
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Tullus
Hostilius
.
-
2.
Tarquinius
Priscus
.
-
3.
Servius
Tullius
.
-
4.
Terentius
Varro
.
-
5.
M.
Perperna
.
-
6.
M.
Porcius
Cato
.
FORREIGN
.
-
1.
Socrates
the
Athenian
.
-
2.
Euripides
and
Demosthenes
.
HEnce
it
many
times
falls
out
,
that
Men
born
of
mean
Parentage
arrive
to
the
highest
pitches
of
Honour
and
Preferment
;
and
on
the
contrary
,
that
Men
of
most
Noble
Extraction
,
falling
into
some
disgrace
,
change
that
light
which
they
received
from
their
Ancestors
into
darkness
.
Which
will
appear
more
apparent
by
their
Examples
.
I
shall
begin
with
those
whose
change
from
low
to
high
degree
,
affords
a
kind
of
pleasing
Majesty
.
1.
A
poor
Country
Cottage
entertain'd
the
Infancy
of
Tillus
Hostillur
.
His
Youth
was
employ'd
in
keeping
sheep
▪
his
riper
years
govern'd
the
Roman
Empire
,
and
doubly
augmented
it
;
his
old
age
embellished
with
most
excellent
Ornaments
,
shin'd
in
the
highest
Pinacle
of
Majesty
.
2.
But
Tullus
though
he
were
great
,
and
admirable
in
his
growing
great
,
yet
was
he
but
a
private
Example
.
But
Tarquinius
Priscus
was
by
Fortune
brought
to
our
City
to
possess
the
Roman
Scepter
:
A
Forrainer
,
because
born
at
Coriuth
;
to
be
scorn'd
,
as
being
begot
by
Demaratus
a
Merchant
;
and
one
to
be
ashamed
of
,
because
his
Father
was
an
Exile
:
But
by
the
prosperous
event
of
his
Condition
he
became
industrious
,
instead
of
ignominious
,
glorious
instead
of
being
envi'd
.
For
he
extended
the
bounds
of
the
Empire
,
and
reform'd
the
Worship
of
the
Gods
with
now
Sacrifices
:
He
increased
the
number
of
Senators
,
and
amplified
the
Order
of
Knighthood
.
And
what
was
the
perfection
of
his
praises
,
his
most
eminent
Vertues
were
such
,
that
the
City
hid
no
cause
to
repent
that
she
had
rather
borrowed
a
King
from
her
Neighbours
,
than
chosen
one
of
her
own
.
3.
But
in
Servius
Tullius
Fortune
shewed
her
greatest
power
,
by
givin●
〈◊〉
a
King
born
a
stranger
to
this
City
;
who
happened
to
sway
the
Scepter
many
years
,
to
appoint
a
Lustrum
four
times
,
and
to
triumph
thrice
.
Briefly
,
whence
he
came
,
and
how
far
he
proceeded
,
the
Inscription
of
his
Statue
sufficienty
witnesses
,
being
intrig●'d
〈◊〉
servile
Sirnime
,
and
a
Royal
Title
.
4.
By
a
si●●●ge
ri●e
Varro
ascended
to
the
Consulship
,
from
〈◊〉
●athers
Butchers
stall
:
Yet
Fortune
thought
it
no●●●●●gh
to
bestow
the
twelve
Fasces
upon
one
brought
up
by
the
gains
of
the
most
sordid
Ware
,
unless
she
had
given
him
Emilius
Paulus
to
be
his
Colleague
:
And
she
so
insinuated
her self
into
his
●avour
,
that
when
by
his
rashness
he
had
ruined
the
Power
of
Rome
,
at
the
Battel
of
Cannae
,
yet
she
suffered
Emilius
to
be
slain
,
but
brought
Varro
safe
to
Rome
:
Nay
,
she
brought
forth
the
Senate
to
meet
him
without
the
Gates
,
and
giving
him
thanks
that
he
would
be
pleased
to
return
;
and
so
advanced
him
,
that
the
Dictatorship
was
allotted
to
the
Author
of
their
greatest
Calamity
.
5.
Nor
was
Marcus
Perperna
a
small
disgrace
to
the
Consulship
,
as
being
made
Consul
before
he
was
a
Citizen
;
but
in
War
more
profitable
to
the
Common-wealth
than
Varro
the
General
:
For
he
took
King
Aristonicus
,
and
revenged
the
slaughter
of
Crassus
and
his
Army
.
Yet
was
his
death
,
whose
life
had
triumph'd
,
condemned
by
the
Papian
Law
:
for
they
compelled
his
Father
,
not
being
able
to
claim
the
priviledges
of
a
Roman
Citizen
,
and
prosecuted
therefore
by
Sabellius
,
to
return
to
his
Original
Station
.
Thus
was
the
name
of
Perperna
clouded
,
his
counterfeit
Consulship
a
kind
of
Government
like
a
Mist
,
a
fading
Triumph
,
and
his
Off-spring
a
Sojourner
in
a
strange
City
.
6.
But
the
beginnings
of
Porcius
Cato
were
searched
for
out
by
publick
Vote
:
Who
render'd
his
name
most
famous
at
Rome
,
which
was
scarcely
known
in
Tusculum
.
The
lasting
Monuments
of
the
Latin
Tongue
were
by
him
adorn'd
,
Military
Discipline
reform'd
,
the
Majesty
of
the
Senate
increased
,
his
Family
establish'd
,
to
which
the
last
Cato
was
no
small
honour
.
FORRAIGN
.
1.
But
to
joyn
Forraign
Examples
to
the
Romans
;
Socrates
not
onely
by
common
consent
of
all
persons
,
but
by
the
Oracle
of
Apollo
,
judg'd
to
be
the
wisest
among
men
,
was
born
of
Phanarete
a
Midwife
,
and
Sophroniscus
a
Stone-cutter
;
yet
he
came
to
be
one
of
the
most
resplendent
Lights
of
Glory
,
and
not
undeservedly
.
For
when
the
Wits
of
most
learned
men
were
busied
in
blinde
Disputations
,
and
endeavoured
to
set
down
and
prove
the
measures
of
the
Sun
,
Moon
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Stars
,
rather
by
multiplicity
of
words
,
than
certain
Arguments
,
(
for
they
undertook
to
tell
the
compass
of
the
whole
World
)
he
diverted
men
from
these
unlearned
and
unnecessary
questions
,
and
taught
them
to
dive
into
the
nature
of
Man
,
and
the
secret
Affections
that
lay
hidden
in
his
breast
:
So
that
if
Vertue
be
esteem'd
for
its
self
,
much
more
such
a
Master
as
teacheth
the
best
Rules
of
life
.
2.
What
Mother
Euripides
had
,
or
what
Father
Domesthenes
had
,
was
unknown
to
the
Age
they
lived
in
:
Yet
the
most
certain
opinion
of
the
Learned
is
,
That
the
Mother
of
the
one
sold
Pot-herbs
,
and
the
Father
of
the
other
dealt
in
Knives
.
However
,
what
can
be
more
famous
than
the
Tragedies
of
the
one
,
and
the
Orations
of
the
other
?
CHAP.
V.
Of
those
who
have
degenerated
,
being
born
of
Noble
Ancestors
.
-
1.
The
Son
of
Scipio
Africanus
.
-
2.
Q.
Fabius
,
the
Son
of
him
,
sirnamed
Allobrogicus
.
-
3.
The
Son
of
Clodius
and
Fulvia
.
-
4.
Marcus
Hortensius
Corbio
.
HEre
follows
the
second
part
of
a
double
promise
,
to
be
made
good
by
relating
the
blemishes
in
the
Coats
of
Illustrious
men
:
Because
we
are
now
to
relate
the
stories
of
those
that
have
degenerated
from
the
glory
of
their
Ancestors
.
1.
For
what
could
be
more
like
a
Monster
than
the
Son
of
the
Elder
Scipio
Africanus
?
who
receiving
his
beginning
from
so
Illustrious
a
Family
,
could
endure
to
suffer
himself
to
be
taken
by
a
small
party
of
King
Antiochus
;
when
it
had
been
better
for
him
to
have
died
a
voluntary
death
,
than
between
two
the
most
famous
Sirnames
,
the
one
obtained
by
the
destruction
of
Africk
,
and
the
other
got
by
the
Conquest
of
Asia
,
to
suffer
his
hands
to
be
bound
by
the
Enemy
,
and
to
be
beholding
co
his
mercy
tor
a
pitiful
life
,
over
whom
Scipio
was
to
obtain
,
in
a
small
time
,
a
Triumph
,
most
glorious
in
the
sight
of
Gods
and
men
.
Coming
to
claim
the
Pretorship
,
he
appeared
in
the
field
with
such
a
spotted
and
bedaub'd
white
Gown
,
that
had
it
not
been
for
the
courtesie
of
Cicereus
,
who
was
his
Father's
Secretary
,
he
would
not
have
obtain'd
the
honour
.
Though
it
had
been
no
great
matter
whether
he
had
a
Repulse
or
a
Pretorship
so
obtain'd
;
for
when
the
standers
by
saw
what
a
soul
Garment
he
had
on
,
they
were
the
occasion
that
he
neither
durst
place
his
Chair
,
nor
hear
Causes
.
Moreover
,
they
took
a
Ring
off
his
singer
,
upon
which
the
head
of
Alexander
was
engrav'd
:
Good
Gods
!
from
what
Thunder
did
ye
suffer
so
much
Darkness
to
proceed
?
2.
Again
,
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
the
Son
of
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
,
sirnamed
Allobrogicus
,
what
a
luxurious
and
dissolute
life
did
he
lead
?
whose
other
Vices
to
obliterate
,
yet
might
his
Manners
be
seen
by
one
act
of
disgrace
,
that
Q.
Pompey
,
the
City-Pretor
,
would
not
let
him
meddle
with
his
Father's
goods
.
Neither
was
there
any
person
in
so
great
a
City
,
that
would
speak
against
the
Decree
:
For
men
grived
to
see
that
that
money
which
was
to
maintain
the
splendour
of
the
Fabian
Family
,
should
be
spent
in
Riot
and
Excess
.
Thus
he
whom
his
Father's
indulgence
left
his
H●ir
,
the
publick
severity
dis-inherited
.
3.
Clodius
the
fair
was
in
great
favour
with
the
people
;
yet
his
Wife
Fulvia
wearing
a
Dagger
,
shew'd
that
he
suffered
his
warlike
Spirit
to
be
subject
to
the
commands
of
a
Woman
.
Their
Son
called
also
by
the
name
of
Clodius
the
Fair
,
beside
that
he
had
led
a
slothful
and
effeminate
life
in
his
Youth
,
was
also
infamous
for
his
egregious
dotage
upon
the
most
common
Whores
,
and
died
a
most
shameful
death
:
For
his
belly
being
eaten
up
,
he
surrender'd
his
life
to
the
greedy
appetite
of
his
own
foul
intemperance
.
4.
Hortensius
Corbio
also
the
Nephew
of
Quintus
Hortensius
,
who
in
the
greatest
plenty
of
ingenious
and
illustrious
Citizens
,
attain'd
the
highest
degree
of
Eloquence
and
Authority
,
led
a
life
more
obscure
and
sordid
,
than
all
the
Strumpets
put
together
.
At
length
his
Tongue
was
as
common
at
the
pleasure
and
lust
of
every
one
in
the
Bawdy-houses
,
as
his
Fathers
Oratory
was
diligently
employ'd
for
the
good
of
his
Fellow-Citizens
.
CHAP.
VI.
Of
Illustrious
men
,
that
delighted
more
than
ordinary
in
rich
Apparel
,
and
sumptuous
adorning
themselves
.
-
1.
Scipio
the
Greater
.
-
2.
Asiatic
Scipio
.
-
3.
Cornelius
Sylla
.
-
4.
C.
Duilius
.
-
5.
C.
Papirius
Maso
.
-
6.
C.
Marius
.
-
7.
M.
Cato
of
U●ica
.
I
Am
not
ignorant
what
a
dangerous
Journey
I
have
undertaken
:
Therefore
I
will
recall
my self
,
lest
while
I
continue
to
pursue
the
remaining
Shipwracks
and
Miscarriages
of
the
same
nature
,
I
should
intrigue
my self
in
useless
Relations
:
I
will
therefore
retreat
,
and
suffer
those
deformed
shadows
to
lie
hid
in
the
deep
Abyss
of
their
own
shame
;
thinking
it
more
to
the
purpose
to
declare
what
illustrious
Personages
have
given
themselves
an
unusual
liberty
in
their
Habits
and
Dresses
,
the
Authors
of
new
Customs
.
1.
P.
Scipio
being
in
Sicily
,
there
intent
upon
the
reinforcing
and
transporting
his
Army
into
Africa
,
as
he
that
minded
nothing
more
than
the
ruine
of
Carthage
,
was
at
the
same
time
accustomed
to
the
Gymnasium
,
and
wore
a
Pallium
,
or
long
Mantle
,
and
those
finer
sort
of
shoes
called
Crepidae
.
Yet
did
he
handle
the
Carthaginians
never
a
whit
the
more
softly
for
that
:
For
his
Divertisement
made
him
more
eager
,
seeing
that
strong
and
active
Wits
,
the
more
they
use
Retirement
,
the
more
vehement
they
are
in
Command
.
Thereby
p●rhaps
he
also
thought
to
win
the
favour
of
the
young
Gentry
,
while
he
followed
their
Customes
of
Habit
and
Diet.
For
to
those
Exercises
he
applied
himself
,
when
he
had
much
and
long
tired
himself
,
and
had
constrained
his
other
Limbs
to
prove
their
Strength
by
Military
Labours
,
wearied
with
the
one
,
recreated
with
the
other
.
2.
We
likewise
behold
the
Statue
of
Lucius
Scipio
with
a
Chla●ys
or
a
short
Cloak
about
his
Shoulders
,
and
embroidered
Slippers
.
In
which
Habit
,
as
he
was
wont
to
wear
it
alive
,
they
cloathed
his
Effigies
.
3.
Lucius
Cornelius
Sylla
also
,
when
he
was
Emperour
,
thought
it
no
disgrace
to
walk
the
streets
of
Naples
mantled
in
a
Short
Cloak
,
and
Embroidered
Shoes
upon
his
Feet
.
4.
C.
Duilius
also
,
that
first
triumphed
by
Sea
over
the
Carthaginians
,
when
he
had
been
feasting
,
was
wont
to
return
home
with
Wax-Torches
and
Minstrels
going
before
him
,
causing
his
noble
Success
in
War
to
be
spread
abroad
by
his
Nocturnal
Revelling
.
5.
Papirius
Maso
also
,
not
being
able
to
obtain
a
Triumph
,
though
he
had
signally
deserved
of
the
Common-wealth
,
began
a
new
way
of
Triumphing
in
the
Alban
Mountain
,
and
set
a
president
for
others
afterwards
to
follow
.
For
when
he
was
present
at
any
Shew
,
he
used
a
Myrtle
instead
of
a
Lawrel
Crown
,
6.
Unusual
also
was
the
act
of
Caius
Marius
,
who
having
Triumphed
over
Jugurth
,
the
Cimbrians
,
and
Teutons
,
was
alwaies
used
to
drink
out
of
a
Cantharus
,
or
Kan
.
Because
that
Bacchus
returning
in
triumph
out
of
Asia
,
was
said
to
use
that
sort
of
Cup
;
that
while
he
drank
,
he
might
seem
to
compare
his
Victories
with
those
of
the
God
.
7.
Marcus
Cato
also
,
being
Praetor
,
pleaded
the
Condemnations
of
Scaurus
,
and
the
rest
of
the
Criminals
,
without
his
Tunic
,
only
in
his
Purple
Gown
.
CHAP.
VII
.
Of
Self-Confidence
.
Among
the
Romans
,
in
-
1.
Scipio
the
Greater
.
-
2.
Scipio
Aemilianus
Coss
.
-
3
Scipio
Nasica
Coss
.
-
4.
Livius
Salinator
Coss
.
-
5.
P.
Furius
Philus
Coss
.
-
6.
Licinius
Crassus
Procos
.
-
7.
Cato
the
Greater
.
-
8.
Aemilius
Sc●urus
.
-
9.
M
Antonius
the
Orator
.
-
10.
The
Roman
Senate
.
-
11.
Accius
the
Poet.
FORREIGN
.
-
1.
Euripides
the
Poet.
-
2.
Antigenidas
the
Musician
.
-
3.
Zeuxes
the
Painter
.
-
4.
Phidias
the
Graver
.
-
5.
Epaminondas
of
Thebes
-
6.
Hannibal
the
Carthaginian
.
-
7.
Cotys
King
of
Thrace
.
-
8.
Androclidas
,
Leonidas
,
Agis
,
Spartans
.
THese
,
and
other
Examples
like
these
,
are
marks
of
a
Vertue
assuming
something
to
it self
,
by
a
new
custome
of
Liberty
.
But
by
those
that
follow
,
it
shall
appear
how
confident
Vertue
is
of
her self
.
1.
P.
and
Cn●
Scipio
being
with
the
greatest
part
of
the
Army
very
much
distrest
by
the
Carthaginians
,
all
the
people
of
that
Province
taking
part
with
the
Enemy
,
no
other
of
our
Captains
daring
to
adventure
thither
;
Publius
Scipio
,
being
then
but
in
the
Twenty
Fourth
year
of
his
Age
,
proffer'd
himself
.
Which
confidence
of
his
afforded
both
safety
and
victory
to
the
Romans
.
And
the
same
confidence
he
had
at
home
,
he
us'd
in
Spain
.
For
when
he
was
besieging
the
City
of
Badia
,
he
caus'd
all
those
that
came
to
his
Tribunal
,
in
matters
of
Law
,
to
put
in
Sureties
to
appear
at
a
certain
House
which
was
within
the
Walls
of
the
Town
the
next
day
;
and
immediately
taking
the
City
,
at
the
same
time
and
place
that
he
had
appointed
,
he
caus'd
his
Chair
to
be
plac'd
,
and
there
sate
in
Judgment
.
Nothing
more
Heroic
than
such
a
Confidence
,
nothing
more
true
than
such
a
Prediction
,
nothing
more
efficacious
than
such
a
Celerity
,
nothing
more
worthy
than
such
an
Authority
.
Not
less
courageous
,
nor
less
prosperous
was
his
Passage
into
Africa
:
into
which
he
transported
his
Army
,
contrary
to
the
command
of
the
Senate
.
In
which
thing
,
had
he
not
trusted
more
to
his
own
opinion
,
than
the
counsel
of
the
Conscript
Fathers
,
there
would
have
been
no
end
of
the
Second
Punic
War
.
Equal
to
this
was
that
Confidence
of
his
,
that
when
after
he
was
landed
in
Africa
,
he
had
taken
several
of
the
Scouts
of
Hannibal's
Army
,
he
neither
put
them
to
death
,
nor
in
prison
,
nor
enquir'd
any
thing
into
the
state
and
condition
of
the
Enemy
;
but
caus'd
them
to
be
led
through
all
the
Companies
of
his
Army
:
And
then
,
after
he
had
a●k'd
them
whether
they
had
taken
a
sufficient
view
of
what
they
were
commanded
to
take
notice
of
,
causing
provision
to
be
given
to
them
and
their
horses
,
he
freely
dismiss'd
us
in
safety
.
With
which
Confidence
of
mind
he
dampt
the
Courage
of
the
Enemy
,
before
he
had
vanquish'd
their
Arms.
But
to
come
to
the
private
acts
of
his
sublime
confidence
;
when
he
was
call'd
to
an
accompt
for
Fourty
Thousand
Sesterces
of
the
Money
of
Antiochia
,
he
took
the
Book
wherein
his
Expences
were
wrote
down
,
and
by
which
he
might
have
clear'd
himself
from
the
Accusation
of
his
enemies
,
and
tore
it
publickly
;
disdaining
that
any
doubt
should
be
made
of
what
he
had
acted
,
as
being
the
chief
Commander
:
Pleading
for
himself
in
this
wise
;
I
am
not
to
give
an
accompt
to
your
Treasury
,
most
Noble
Senators
,
having
commanded
a
forreign
Kingdom
,
which
by
my
Government
and
Conduct
,
I
have
made
more
plentiful
than
twice
an
Hundred
Thousand
Sesterces
.
Neither
do
I
think
ye
are
come
to
that
height
of
malice
,
as
to
doubt
of
my
Innocency
.
For
when
I
had
subdued
Africa
wholly
under
your
Jurisdiction
,
I
brought
nothing
thence
that
I
could
call
mine
own
,
but
a
Sirname
.
They
have
not
therefore
rendered
me
covetous
of
the
Punic
,
nor
my
Brother
of
the
Asiatic
Treasure
,
seeing
we
are
both
more
wealthy
in
Envy
,
than
in
Money
.
Which
stout
defence
of
Scipio
the
whole
Senate
approved
.
Like
this
was
another
act
of
his
.
When
finding
that
the
urgent
occasions
of
the
Common-wealth
required
Money
to
be
taken
out
of
the
Publique
Treasury
,
and
that
the
Questors
were
shie
of
opening
it
,
because
it
seem'd
to
be
something
against
the
Law
;
being
a
private
person
he
demanded
the
Keys
,
and
compel●'d
the
Law
to
yield
to
Necessity
.
Which
confidence
gr●w
from
the
assurance
which
he
had
,
that
all
the
Laws
were
by
that
means
secur'd
.
I
will
not
be
tired
with
the
relation
of
his
Actions
of
this
nature
,
seeing
that
he
himself
was
never
wearied
in
the
exercise
thereof
.
P.
Naevius
Tribune
of
the
People
,
or
as
some
relate
,
the
two
Pete●ii
,
had
pr●fix'd
him
a
day
to
appear
before
the
P●ople
;
who
appearing
in
great
multitudes
in
the
Forum
,
he
ascended
the
Pulpit
for
Orations
,
and
putting
a
Triumphal
Crown
upon
his
H●ad
;
This
day
,
said
he
,
most
Noble
Romans
,
did
I
compel
Carthage
,
hoping
gr●at
things
,
to
submit
to
your
Laws
:
And
therefore
I
hold
it
just
that
you
go
with
me
to
the
Capitol
,
to
give
thanks
to
the
Gods
.
Which
most
splendid
Speech
of
his
had
as
noble
a
success
.
For
immediately
the
whole
Senate
,
the
whole
Order
of
Knight
,
and
all
the
People
follow'd
him
to
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
.
The
Tribune
remained
alone
to
plead
to
the
people
without
the
people
,
being
deserted
in
the
Forum
with
great
contempt
of
his
Calumny
.
At
length
,
to
avoid
the
shame
,
he
went
also
to
the
Capitol
himself
;
and
of
an
Accuser
,
became
a
great
admirer
of
Scipio
.
2.
Scipio
Aemilianus
,
the
famous
Heir
of
his
Fathers
Courage
and
Magnanimity
,
being
at
the
Siege
of
a
strong
City
,
and
perswaded
by
some
that
he
should
place
round
about
the
Walls
thereof
sharp
Iron
Spikes
,
and
stop
all
the
open
Passages
with
Planks
covered
with
Lead
,
and
stuck
with
Spikes
,
to
hinder
the
Sallies
of
the
Enemy
;
made
answer
,
that
it
was
not
for
him
to
fear
those
that
he
sought
to
take
.
3.
To
what
ever
side
of
Memorable
Examples
I
turn
me
,
I
am
forced
,
nolens
volens
,
to
remain
in
the
Family
of
the
Scipio's
.
For
how
can
we
in
this
place
pass
over
Scipio
Nasica
,
illustrious
for
his
magnanimous
Mind
and
Saying
?
There
being
a
likelihood
of
great
Scarcity
,
Curatius
Tribune
of
the
People
compelled
the
Consuls
,
in
a
publick
Assembly
,
to
propose
in
Court
the
buying
of
Corn
,
and
sending
Embassadours
to
that
end
and
purpose
.
For
the
hindering
of
which
design
,
being
of
little
profit
,
Nasica
began
to
make
opposition
;
upon
which
a
great
clamour
arising
among
the
People
:
Romans
,
said
he
,
be
quiet
,
for
I
understand
much
better
than
you
do
,
what
the
necessities
of
the
Commonwealth
require
.
Which
words
of
his
they
no
sooner
heard
,
but
with
a
silence
full
of
veneration
,
they
made
it
appear
,
how
much
a
greater
respect
they
had
to
his
Authority
,
than
to
their
own
want
of
Nourishment
.
4.
The
stout
mind
also
of
Livius
Salinator
is
to
be
delivered
to
Eternal
Memory
;
who
,
when
he
had
defeated
Asdrubal
,
and
the
Army
of
the
Carthaginians
in
Vmbria
,
and
that
it
was
told
him
that
the
Gauls
and
Ligurians
were
without
order
,
and
without
their
Officers
,
scattered
from
their
Colours
,
easie
to
be
overthrown
with
a
small
party
;
he
made
answer
,
That
those
were
to
be
spared
,
lest
the
Enemy
should
want
Messengers
of
their
great
defeat
at
home
.
5.
This
was
a
warlike
presence
of
minde
,
that
which
we
relate
,
though
in
a
person
of
the
Gown
,
not
less
praiseworthy
;
which
Furius
Philus
shewed
in
the
Senate
:
For
he
compelled
Quintus
Metellus
,
and
Quintus
Pompeius
,
men
of
Consular
degree
,
being
his
professed
Enemies
,
and
upbraiding
him
because
he
did
not
go
into
Spain
,
which
province
he
had
chosen
,
that
he
should
send
Lieutenants
thither
,
upon
his
departure
from
Rome
to
march
along
with
him
;
a
confidence
not
onely
couragious
,
but
almost
rash
,
that
durst
admit
so
neer
him
two
of
his
most
Capital
Adversaries
;
and
trust
the
management
of
Affairs
in
the
breast
of
Enemies
,
which
was
hardly
to
be
intrusted
with
his
friends
.
6.
The
act
of
this
person
,
if
it
be
not
displeasing
,
certainly
the
purpose
of
L.
Crassus
,
who
was
the
most
Eloquent
among
his
Ancestors
,
cannot
admit
of
reproof
:
who
having
obtained
the
Province
of
Gallia
in
his
Consulship
,
in
which
Province
Carbo
had
condemn'd
his
Father
,
when
he
came
to
have
an
inspection
into
Carbo's
actions
,
he
not
onely
not
remov'd
him
from
his
Dignity
,
but
assign'd
him
a
place
in
the
Tribunal
,
and
ordered
nothing
without
his
presence
in
Council
:
So
that
sharp
and
vehement
Carbo
got
nothing
by
his
Gallick
Expedition
,
but
onely
that
he
thereby
understood
that
a
guilty
Father
had
been
banished
by
a
just
and
honest
man
.
7.
The
Elder
Cato
being
often
called
to
plead
for
himself
,
yet
never
convicted
of
any
Crime
,
at
length
reposed
so
much
confidence
in
his
Innocency
,
that
being
publickly
questioned
,
he
made
Gracchus
his
Judge
,
to
whom
he
bare
a
singular
hatred
,
by
which
excellency
of
his
Courage
he
abated
the
envy
of
his
Prosecutors
.
8.
The
same
was
the
fortune
of
M.
Scaurus
,
the
same
length
of
years
,
the
same
courage
of
minde
:
Who
being
accused
before
the
Pulpits
for
Orations
,
that
he
had
taken
money
of
Mithridates
to
betray
the
Commonwealth
,
pleaded
his
Cause
in
this
manner
:
It
is
unjust
,
O
Romans
,
said
he
,
that
I
who
have
lived
among
one
sort
of
people
,
should
come
to
give
an
account
of
my
actions
among
another
;
yet
I
will
dare
to
ask
ye
all
,
the
greatest
part
of
whom
could
not
possibly
be
present
at
the
Deeds
which
I
have
done
,
and
the
Honours
which
I
have
attain'd
.
Varius
Suetonensis
says
that
M.
Scaurus
brib'd
by
the
King
,
has
betray'd
the
Commonwealth
:
Whom
of
the
two
do
you
believe
?
The
people
mov'd
with
admiration
of
his
Saying
,
with
their
loud
Cries
forced
Varius
to
desist
from
his
violent
and
mad
prosecution
.
9.
Contrariwise
did
M.
Antonius
,
that
Eloquent
man
:
For
he
,
not
by
refusing
,
but
by
embracing
his
own
defence
,
testified
how
innocent
he
was
.
Going
Questor
into
Asia
,
he
was
on
his
Journey
as
far
as
Brundusium
;
where
being
informed
by
Letters
that
he
was
accused
of
Incest
before
the
Pretor
Cassius
,
whose
Tribunal
,
because
of
his
severity
,
was
called
the
Rock
of
the
Guilty
,
though
he
might
have
shun'd
it
by
the
benefit
of
the
Memmian
Law
,
which
forbids
the
Names
of
them
to
be
taken
who
are
absent
upon
the
Affairs
of
the
Publick
,
yet
he
return'd
to
the
City
;
by
which
advice
of
a
good
Confidence
,
he
not
onely
obtained
a
quick
absolution
,
but
a
honester
departure
.
10.
These
that
follow
,
are
also
splended
Examples
of
noble
Confidence
.
For
in
that
War
which
was
undertaken
against
Pyrrhus
,
when
the
Carthaginians
had
sent
a
Navy
of
an
Hundred
and
Thirty
Ships
to
Ostia
,
to
the
assistance
of
the
Romans
,
the
Senate
were
pleased
to
send
Messengers
with
Instructions
to
tell
their
Captain
,
that
they
did
not
use
to
enter
into
Wars
which
they
were
not
able
to
carry
on
without
the
help
of
Strangers
;
and
that
therefore
he
might
return
with
his
Navy
to
Carthage
.
The
same
Senate
some
few
years
after
,
when
the
Roman
power
was
almost
broken
by
the
Overthrow
at
Cannae
,
sent
a
Recruit
of
Forces
to
the
Army
in
Spain
;
whereby
they
shew'd
,
that
although
Hannibal
was
with
his
Army
at
the
Capene
Gate
,
how
little
they
valued
his
approach
.
Thus
to
carry
themselves
in
Adversity
,
what
was
it
else
,
but
to
compel
Fortune
,
overcome
with
shame
,
to
return
to
their
side
?
11.
It
is
a
great
leap
to
descend
from
the
Senate
to
the
Poet
Accius
.
But
that
we
may
pass
from
him
more
decently
to
forreign
Examples
,
let
us
produce
him
.
He
,
when
Julius
Caesar
a
great
and
powerful
man
came
into
the
Colledge
of
Poets
,
would
not
so
much
as
rise
:
not
that
he
was
forgetful
of
his
Grandeur
,
but
that
he
believed
himself
superiour
in
comparison
of
their
Studies
.
And
therefore
not
guilty
of
the
Crime
of
Insolence
,
seeing
the
contest
was
about
Volumes
,
not
Statues
.
FORRAIGN
.
1.
Nor
was
Euripides
to
be
accompted
insolent
at
Athens
,
who
,
when
the
People
requir'd
him
to
strike
out
such
a
Sentence
out
of
a
certain
Tragedy
,
appearing
upon
the
Stage
,
told
um
,
That
he
composed
Fables
to
teach
them
,
not
by
them
to
be
taught
.
That
Confidence
is
certainly
to
be
praised
,
which
weighing
the
esteem
of
a
mans
self
,
arrogates
so
much
to
its
self
,
as
to
keep
contempt
and
insolency
at
a
distance
.
And
therefore
his
answer
to
Alcestides
the
Tragick
Poet
;
who
complaining
to
him
,
that
he
could
not
make
above
three
Verses
the
last
three
days
,
and
that
with
a
great
deal
of
labour
too
,
when
the
other
boasted
that
he
could
write
an
Hundred
;
The
reason
is
,
said
Euripides
,
because
thine
are
only
to
last
three
days
,
and
mine
are
to
last
to
eternity
.
For
the
fluent
writing
of
the
one
,
perish'd
within
the
first
bounds
of
Memory
;
but
the
elaborate
and
constant
Stile
of
the
other
will
be
carried
through
all
Ages
upon
the
wings
of
time
.
2.
I
will
adde
an
Example
upon
the
same
Stage
.
Antigenidas
the
Musician
,
cried
out
to
a
Scholar
of
his
rare
in
his
Art
,
but
not
approved
by
the
People
,
Sing
to
me
and
the
Muses
.
For
perfect
Art
,
though
it
want
the
flattery
of
Fortune
,
doth
not
therefore
want
a
just
confidence
in
its
self
.
3.
But
Zeuxis
having
painted
Helen
,
thought
it
not
fit
to
expect
what
men
would
say
of
his
Work
,
but
presently
added
these
Verses
out
of
Homer
,
Iliad
.
3.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
I
cannot
blame
the
man
that
for
her
strives
,
Like
an
Immortal
God
she
is
—
So
that
the
Painter
did
not
arrogate
so
much
to
his
Art
,
to
think
he
had
drawn
so
much
Beauty
,
as
Leda
might
assume
through
her
Celestial
Birth
,
or
Homer
express
by
his
divine
Wit.
4.
Phidias
also
alluded
to
the
Verses
of
Homer
in
a
notable
Saying
.
For
having
finish'd
the
Statue
of
Jupiter
Olympic
,
than
which
never
humane
hand
did
make
a
more
famous
Piece
,
being
ask'd
by
his
Friend
,
whither
he
directed
his
mind
when
he
form'd
the
Face
of
Jupiter
of
Ivory
,
as
if
he
had
seem'd
to
fetch
it
from
Heaven
;
reply'd
,
that
he
made
use
of
these
following
Verses
;
Iliad.
1.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
—
With
his
black
brows
he
to
her
nodded
,
Wherewith
displayed
were
his
Locks
Divine
,
Olymyus
shook
at
stirring
of
his
Godhead
.
5.
But
now
the
most
renowned
Captains
suffer
me
no
longer
to
insist
upon
mean
Examples
.
For
Epaminondas
,
when
his
Citizens
in
anger
commanded
him
in
contempt
to
take
care
of
paving
the
Streets
in
the
Town
(
which
was
one
of
the
lowest
Offices
among
them
)
without
any
hesitation
took
it
upon
him
,
promising
in
a
short
time
to
make
the
City
most
beautiful
.
By
his
wonderful
Industry
making
the
most
vile
Office
to
be
coveted
for
a
great
honour
.
6.
But
Hannibal
remaining
in
Exile
with
King
Prusias
,
and
being
the
occasion
of
his
giving
Battle
,
though
the
other
told
him
that
the
Entrails
portended
no
good
Success
,
made
this
reply
;
Hadst
thou
rather
,
said
he
,
believe
a
little
Calves
flesh
,
than
an
old
General
?
A
brief
and
concise
Answer
,
considering
the
number
of
the
Words
;
considering
the
sence
,
a
copious
reply
,
and
of
great
authority
.
For
he
that
had
wrung
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Romans
both
Spains
,
and
having
reduc'd
the
force
of
Gallia
and
Liguria
under
his
subjection
,
had
open'd
a
new
Passage
through
the
Alps
,
laying
at
the
Kings
feet
the
dire
memory
of
the
Thrasymene
Lake
,
the
famous
monument
of
the
Punic
Victory
at
Cannae
,
Capua
taken
,
and
all
Italy
rent
and
torn
,
could
not
endure
that
his
glory
,
witnessed
by
long
experiment
,
should
be
put
in
competition
with
the
Liver
of
one
Sacrifice
.
And
certainly
,
as
to
what
concern'd
the
exploring
of
Military
Sacrifices
,
and
making
conjectures
of
Warlike
Conducts
,
the
breast
of
Hannibal
was
far
above
all
the
little
fires
,
all
the
Altars
of
Bithynia
,
in
the
judgment
of
Mars
himself
.
7.
That
saying
also
of
King
Cotys
,
was
the
mark
of
a
most
generous
Spirit
,
who
so
soon
as
he
understood
that
the
Athenians
had
given
him
a
City
,
made
answer
,
that
he
would
give
them
the
Law
of
his
Nation
.
Thereby
equalling
Thrace
to
Athens
,
lest
by
accounting
himself
unable
to
requite
such
a
benefit
,
he
should
have
been
esteem'd
to
have
thought
too
meanly
of
his
Original
.
8.
Nobly
was
it
said
also
of
both
the
Spartans
,
one
of
whom
being
reproved
that
he
went
to
battle
being
lame
,
reply'd
,
That
it
was
his
intention
to
fight
,
and
not
to
run
.
The
other
being
told
that
the
Sun
us'd
to
be
obscur'd
with
the
Darts
of
the
Persians
;
A
very
good
story
,
quoth
he
,
for
we
shall
fight
the
better
in
the
shade
.
Another
Person
,
of
the
same
City
and
Courage
,
made
answer
to
his
Host
,
shewing
him
the
high
and
broad
Walls
of
his
City
;
If
ye
made
um
for
your
Women
,
said
he
,
ye
did
well
;
if
for
your
Men
,
't
was
ignominiously
done
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
Constancy
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Q.
Fulvius
Flaccus
.
-
2.
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
.
-
3.
Q.
Calpurnius
Piso
.
-
4.
Metellus
Numidia
.
-
5.
Scaevola
the
Elder
.
-
6.
Sempronia
Sister
of
the
Gracchi
.
-
7.
Pontius
the
Centurion
.
-
8.
Mevius
the
Centurian
.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
Blassius
the
Salapian
.
-
2.
Phocion
the
Athenian
.
-
3.
Socrates
the
Athenian
.
-
4.
Ephialtes
the
Athenian
.
-
5.
Dion
of
Syracuse
.
-
6.
Alexander
the
Great
.
THere
remains
the
labour
of
Constancy
,
as
it
were
due
to
him
that
has
demonstrated
an
open
and
couragious
breast
endued
with
good
Confidence
:
For
Nature
has
provided
that
whoever
believes
himself
to
have
comprehended
any
thing
orderly
and
rightly
in
his
minde
,
should
stifly
defend
it
,
and
put
it
into
act
against
opposition
;
or
if
not
done
,
should
bring
it
to
effect
without
delay
maugre
all
resistance
.
1.
But
while
I
seek
for
an
Example
of
what
I
propound
,
looking
about
me
at
a
distance
,
before
all
the
rest
,
the
Constancy
of
Fulvius
Flaccus
offers
it self
.
He
at
that
time
held
Capua
,
which
through
the
fallacious
promises
of
Hannibal
,
had
resolv'd
by
their
vile
Revolt
to
put
the
Kingdom
of
Italy
into
the
Conquerours
hands
.
Having
therefore
made
a
true
value
of
the
Enemies
Crime
,
he
purposed
with
himself
wholly
to
extirpate
the
Senate
of
Capua
,
who
were
the
Authors
of
that
wicked
Decree
.
To
this
intent
he
sent
them
all
to
Theana
,
and
Calena
,
laden
with
Chains
,
into
two
several
Prisons
,
resolving
to
execute
his
purpose
,
when
he
had
done
some
other
things
which
required
a
more
necessary
speed
.
In
the
mean
time
a
Rumour
being
spread
of
more
favourable
Proceedings
being
intended
toward
them
,
lest
they
should
escape
their
deserved
punishment
,
he
took
horse
in
the
night-time
,
posts
to
Theana
,
where
he
put
to
death
all
that
were
in
custody
there
;
thence
hasting
to
Calena
,
he
finish'd
the
work
of
his
severe
Resolution
:
For
though
while
yet
the
Campanians
were
bound
to
the
stake
,
he
had
received
Letters
in
favour
of
them
,
he
notwithstanding
kept
the
Letters
as
he
received
them
in
his
left
hand
,
commanding
the
Lictor
to
do
his
duty
;
nor
would
he
open
them
,
till
he
knew
it
was
too
late
to
obey
them
.
By
which
Constancy
of
his
he
surmounted
the
glory
of
a
Victory
:
For
if
we
make
his
Estimate
by
dividing
the
praise
between
himself
,
we
shall
finde
him
greater
in
Capua
punish'd
,
than
in
Capua
taken
.
2.
This
was
a
Constancy
in
Severity
;
that
which
follows
,
a
most
admirable
Constancy
in
piety
,
which
Fabius
Maximus
render'd
indefatigable
for
the
good
of
his
Country
.
He
told
out
the
Money
to
Hannibal
for
the
Captives
;
being
publickly
defrauded
of
it
,
he
said
nothing
.
The
Senate
had
made
Minutius
Master
of
the
Horse
,
equal
to
him
in
Authory
,
he
held
his
tongue
,
And
although
provoked
with
many
other
injuries
,
he
persisted
in
the
same
habit
of
minde
;
nor
would
ever
give
his
p●ssion
liberty
to
be
angry
with
the
Commonwealth
,
so
stedfast
was
the
love
he
bare
to
his
Citizens
.
In
his
managing
the
War
,
was
not
his
Constancy
the
same
?
The
Roman
Empire
broken
at
the
overthrow
at
Cannae
,
seem'd
scarce
able
to
provide
another
Army
;
and
therefore
believing
it
to
be
better
to
delay
and
weary
the
force
of
the
Carthaginians
,
than
to
come
to
Handy-blows
with
all
his
power
,
though
provoked
with
the
frequent
taunts
of
Hannibal
,
though
he
had
many
times
a
fair
opportunity
of
well
succeeding
offer'd
,
yet
he
would
never
recede
from
his
own
wholesome
deliberations
,
not
so
much
as
to
the
hazard
of
a
Skirmish
;
and
which
is
most
difficult
,
he
every
where
appear'd
to
be
Superiour
both
to
Anger
and
Hope
.
And
therefore
as
Scipio
by
fighting
,
so
he
by
not
fighting
reliev'd
his
Country
:
For
the
one
ruin'd
Carthage
by
his
Celerity
,
the
other
by
his
delay
took
care
that
Rome
should
not
be
destroyed
.
3.
By
the
following
Narration
it
will
also
appear
,
that
Caius
Piso
being
Consul
at
a
time
of
much
turbulency
and
combustion
in
the
Commonwealth
,
did
behave
himself
with
a
wonderful
Constancy
.
The
fury
of
the
people
being
highly
moved
by
the
delusions
of
M.
Palicanus
,
a
seditious
person
,
endeavour'd
to
commit
a
most
foul
act
at
the
great
Assembly
for
choosing
Consuls
,
intending
to
have
given
into
his
hands
a
most
large
Power
,
whose
vile
actions
requir'd
rather
the
utmost
severity
of
punishment
,
than
any
the
least
mark
of
Honour
.
Nor
was
the
furious
flame
of
the
Tribunes
Authority
wanting
to
incense
the
amazed
Multitude
.
In
this
miserable
and
shameful
condition
of
the
City
,
Piso
being
plac'd
before
the
Pulpit
for
Orations
,
though
not
by
the
hands
of
the
Tribunes
,
and
all
flocking
about
him
,
and
demanding
of
him
whether
he
would
declare
Palicanus
Consul
,
now
chosen
by
the
Suffrages
of
the
People
,
answered
;
First
,
that
he
did
not
believe
the
Commonwealth
had
been
overwhelm'd
with
so
much
darkness
,
as
to
act
a
thing
so
unworthy
.
And
when
the
People
still
press'd
him
to
declare
the
Election
,
crying
out
,
If
it
were
unworthily
done
,
let
it
be
so
,
he
replied
,
I
will
make
no
declaration
.
With
which
short
Answer
he
bare
away
the
Consulship
from
Palicanus
,
before
he
had
obtain'd
it
.
Thus
Piso
contemn'd
many
terrible
hazards
,
disdainining
to
renounce
the
well-grounded
rigour
of
his
mind
.
4.
Metellus
sirnam'd
Numidian
,
for
a
perseverance
of
the
same
nature
,
endured
a
storm
much
unworthy
his
Majesty
and
generous
Manners
.
For
when
he
perceived
what
Saturninus
in
his
designes
of
mischief
aim'd
at
,
and
what
ruin
they
would
bring
to
the
Commonwealth
,
if
not
timely
prevented
,
he
rather
chose
Banishment
,
than
to
submit
to
his
Laws
.
Could
there
be
any
person
thought
more
constant
than
this
man
?
Who
rather
than
he
would
act
contrary
to
his
judgment
,
suffer'd
the
want
of
his
own
Countrey
,
where
he
had
attain'd
to
the
highest
degrees
of
Dignity
.
5.
However
,
though
I
prefer
no
one
before
him
,
yet
may
I
not
undeservedly
compare
with
him
Scaevola
the
Soothsayer
.
Sylla
having
now
quite
defeated
his
Opposers
,
and
got
the
upper
hand
of
his
Enemies
,
and
got
possession
of
the
City
,
arm●d
as
he
was
,
compell'd
the
Senate
to
accomplish
his
most
eager
desire
,
that
Marius
might
be
by
them
declar'd
an
open
Enemy
.
Whose
Will
when
no
one
durst
withstand
,
Scaevola
alone
being
requir'd
,
refus'd
to
give
his
opinion
in
the
Case
.
And
when
Sylla
began
with
a
frowning
look
to
threaten
him
;
Though
,
said
he
,
thou
shouldst
shew
me
the
bands
of
Shouldiers
with
which
thou
hast
surrounded
the
Senate
,
though
thou
threaten
death
never
so
often
,
thou
shalt
never
make
me
yield
,
in
hopes
to
keep
warm
my
little
and
aged
blood
,
to
declare
Marius
an
Enemy
,
by
whom
this
City
and
all
Italy
has
been
preserv'd
.
6.
What
has
a
Woman
to
do
with
publick
Orations
?
If
the
Custome
of
our
Countrey
be
observed
,
Nothing
.
But
where
Domestick
Peace
and
Quiet
is
toss'd
upon
the
waves
of
Sedition
,
the
Authority
of
Antient
Custome
gives
way
.
And
that
which
Violence
compels
,
more
avails
,
than
that
which
Modesty
perswades
and
directs
.
And
therefore
,
O
Sempronia
,
Sister
of
Titus
and
Caius
Gracchus
,
Wife
of
Scipio
Aemilianus
,
I
will
not
comprehend
thee
in
a
Narrative
envious
of
thy
worth
,
as
absurdly
inserting
thee
among
the
most
weighty
Examples
of
Vertue
:
but
because
that
being
brought
to
answer
before
the
People
,
by
a
Tribune
of
the
Vulgar
,
thou
hast
not
degenerated
from
the
greatness
of
thy
Ancestors
in
so
vast
a
confusion
,
I
will
eternize
thy
Memory
.
Thou
wert
forced
to
stand
in
that
place
,
where
the
greatest
Personages
of
the
City
were
wont
to
be
affronted
.
The
highest
in
Authority
powr'd
out
their
Threats
against
thee
with
a
severe
and
cruel
Brow
,
backt
with
the
Cries
of
the
rude
Multitude
.
The
whole
Forum
eagerly
endeavour'd
that
thou
shouldst
acknowledge
with
a
Kiss
Equitius
,
whom
they
unjustly
labour
to
impose
upon
the
Sempronian
Stock
,
as
the
Son
of
Tiberius
thy
Brother
:
yet
didst
thou
thrust
him
from
thee
,
a
Monster
brought
out
of
I
know
not
what
profundity
of
darkness
,
approaching
with
an
execrable
boldness
,
to
usurp
a
relation
of
Consanguinity
,
where
he
had
nothing
of
Alliance
.
7.
The
great
Luminaries
of
our
City
will
not
take
it
amiss
,
if
in
the
number
of
their
flaming
Lights
the
virtue
of
the
Centurions
also
make
bold
to
shew
it self
.
For
as
humble
Degree
ought
to
reverence
Greatness
,
so
antient
Nobility
ought
rather
to
cherish
than
despise
those
who
are
but
newly
advanc'd
,
by
acts
of
Vertue
.
Wherefore
then
ought
Pontius
to
be
driven
out
of
the
Company
of
these
Examples
,
who
being
upon
an
Out-guard
in
Caesar's
Army
,
and
surprized
by
a
Party
of
Scipio's
,
when
there
was
but
one
way
left
for
him
to
save
himself
,
if
he
would
serve
under
Pompey
his
Son
in-law
,
fearless
made
this
answer
:
Scipio
,
I
thank
thee
for
thy
kindness
,
but
I
have
no
occasion
for
my
Life
upon
any
such
condition
.
8.
C.
Mevius
a
Centurion
of
divine
Augustus
,
a
person
of
mean
Extraction
,
yet
of
a
heroic
Minde
,
and
observing
the
same
Constancy
of
Resolution
,
having
signaliz'd
himself
by
many
Personal
acts
of
Valour
in
the
War
with
Mark
Antonie
;
being
at
length
taken
by
an
Ambuscado
of
the
Enemy
,
and
brought
before
Antonie
to
Alexandria
,
and
being
demanded
what
punishment
he
deserv'd
:
Command
me
,
said
he
,
to
be
killed
,
for
neither
the
benefit
of
Pardon
,
nor
present
Death
shall
compel
me
to
cease
to
be
a
Souldier
of
Caesars
,
nor
now
to
begin
to
take
thy
part
.
But
the
more
constantly
he
contemn'd
his
Life
,
the
more
easily
he
obtain'd
it
.
For
Antonie
immediately
set
him
at
Liberty
for
his
Vertue
.
FORRAIGN
.
1.
Many
other
Roman
Examples
remain
of
this
nature
;
but
I
must
avoid
tediousness
,
and
therefore
suffer
my
Pen
to
slip
to
Forraign
presidents
.
In
the
first
front
whereof
let
Blassius
appear
,
than
whose
Constancy
there
was
nothing
more
stedfast
.
He
designing
to
restore
Salapia
,
where
he
was
born
,
to
the
Roman
Empire
,
being
then
garrison'd
by
the
Carthaginians
;
to
this
purpose
,
with
more
desire
to
compass
his
Plot
,
than
hope
of
obtaining
his
end
,
he
boldly
adventures
to
draw
in
Dasius
,
one
that
most
fiercely
disagreed
with
him
in
the
administration
of
Affairs
,
being
wholly
devoted
to
Hannibal
,
but
one
without
whose
assistance
he
could
not
bring
his
designe
about
.
This
man
presently
reports
to
Hannibal
all
that
had
pass'd
between
him
and
Blassius
,
adding
of
his
own
what
he
thought
would
increase
his
own
commendation
,
and
render
his
enemy
more
odious
.
Hannibal
calls
them
both
before
him
;
the
one
to
justifie
,
the
other
to
defend
what
he
stood
accused
of
.
Now
it
falling
out
so
that
the
matter
was
brought
before
the
Tribunal
,
while
other
matters
of
more
moment
were
in
dispatch
,
Blassius
with
a
fair
face
and
low
voice
earnestly
admonish'd
Dasius
,
to
favour
and
assist
the
Romans
:
whereupon
D●sius
crying
out
,
that
he
was
impudently
sollicited
in
the
very
presence
of
the
Captain
by
the
Prisoner
;
which
because
it
seem'd
incredible
,
and
was
heard
only
by
one
,
and
spoken
by
an
enemy
,
the
truth
was
not
believ'd
.
But
not
long
after
the
wonderful
Constancy
of
Blassius
drew
Dasius
to
his
par
y
,
by
which
means
he
delivered
up
Salapia
to
Marcellus
,
with
Five
Hundred
Numidians
that
were
there
in
Garrison
.
2.
Phocion
the
Athenian
,
when
the
Athenians
had
had
prosperous
success
in
the
management
of
an
affair
contrary
to
his
advice
,
yet
so
obstinately
defended
his
own
opinion
,
that
he
told
them
in
his
Speech
,
that
though
he
rejoyced
in
their
Success
,
yet
his
Councel
was
much
the
better
,
if
they
had
followed
it
.
For
he
did
not
condemn
what
he
saw
well
done
,
seeing
it
had
succeeded
,
what
they
undertook
by
ill
advice
;
accompting
the
one
fortunate
,
the
oth●r
wisely
advis'd
.
Fortune
makes
rathness
to
be
approv'd
when
it
prospers
by
bad
counsel
,
which
as
it
causes
more
vehement
mischief
,
so
the
good
it
brings
is
the
more
unexpected
.
The
mann●rs
of
Phoci●n
,
pleasing
,
liberal
and
endued
with
all
swe●tness
,
were
the
cause
that
he
was
by
the
consent
of
all
men
adorn'd
w●●h
the
Sirname
of
Good
.
And
therefore
Constancy
,
w●ich
by
nature
seems
more
rigid
,
flow'd
more
gently
out
of
his
m●●d
Breast
.
3.
But
the
mind
of
Socrates
,
clad
with
the
str●ngth
of
Viri●ity
,
produced
a
more
rugged
●●●mple
of
firm
Resolution
.
The
whole
City
of
Athens
,
being
carried
away
with
a
most
wicked
and
barbarous
errour
,
had
pronounced
a
most
sad
sentence
against
the
ten
Praetors
,
that
had
overthrown
the
Navy
of
the
Lacedaemonians
at
Aeginusae
.
It
hapned
that
Socrates
was
then
in
so
great
Authority
,
as
at
whose
discretion
the
People
made
their
publick
Edicts
;
who
thinking
it
an
unworthy
thing
,
that
so
many
and
so
well
deserving
persons
should
unworthily
be
taken
off
by
the
violence
of
Envy
,
oppos'd
his
own
Constancy
to
the
Rashness
of
the
Multitude
:
Nor
could
he
be
compell'd
by
the
Clamours
and
violent
Threats
of
the
People
,
to
give
his
consent
to
their
publick
madness
.
Which
being
thus
by
his
opposition
hindred
from
raging
in
a
lawful
manner
,
resolved
unjustly
to
embrue
their
hands
in
the
innocent
blood
of
the
Praetors
.
Yet
was
not
Socrates
afraid
of
the
Eleventh
Fury
of
his
enraged
Country
,
like
enough
then
to
have
taken
his
Life
also
.
4.
The
next
Example
,
though
not
of
the
same
splendour
,
yet
is
it
to
be
accompted
as
a
certain
experiment
of
Constancy
,
as
well
in
regard
of
the
Efficacy
as
the
Fidelity
of
the
person
.
Ephialtes
at
Athens
was
commanded
to
accuse
several
persons
,
and
among
the
rest
to
set
down
the
name
of
Demonstratus
,
whose
Son
was
Democrates
,
a
Youth
of
excelling
Beauty
,
and
by
him
ardently
belov'd
.
The
Accuser
therefore
,
cruel
by
reason
of
his
Office
,
but
considering
his
private
affection
miserable
and
guilty
,
when
the
Boy
came
to
entreat
for
mitigation
of
his
Fathers
punishment
,
prostrating
himself
at
his
Lovers
feet
,
Ephialtes
could
not
endure
to
behold
him
;
but
with
his
head
cover'd
,
weeping
and
lamenting
,
suffer'd
him
to
pour
forth
his
Prayers
in
vain
.
Yet
nevertheless
he
condemn'd
Demostratus
,
whom
he
had
with
a
sincere
fidelity
accused
;
having
got
the
Victory
,
I
cannot
say
whether
with
greater
praise
or
torment
,
because
that
before
he
inflicted
punishment
upon
the
Guilty
,
he
vanquish'd
himself
.
5.
Him
Dion
of
Syracuse
exceeds
,
though
by
an
example
of
a
various
nature
.
Who
being
advis'd
by
certain
persons
to
be
more
wary
of
Heraclides
and
Calippus
,
in
whom
he
had
plac'd
a
great
confidence
,
as
now
plotting
designes
against
him
,
made
answer
,
that
he
had
rather
loose
his
Life
,
than
out
of
fear
of
a
violent
Death
,
make
no
distinction
between
his
Friends
and
his
Enemies
.
6.
That
which
follows
is
not
only
admirable
for
the
thing
it self
,
but
also
illustrious
,
when
we
consider
the
Author
.
Alexander
King
of
the
Macedonians
,
having
in
a
very
great
Battle
broken
the
Forces
of
Darius
,
being
almost
scalded
with
the
heat
of
the
Weather
and
his
Travail
,
threw
himself
into
Cydnus
,
a
River
running
by
Tarsus
,
eminent
for
the
excellency
of
the
water
.
Upon
a
suddain
,
with
drinking
over-much
,
his
Nerves
being
stupified
with
cold
,
and
his
Arteries
benumm'd
,
he
was
carried
in
that
condition
to
a
Town
adjoining
to
the
Camp
,
to
the
great
consternation
of
the
whole
Army
.
While
he
lay
ill
at
Tarsus
,
in
the
extremity
of
his
Sickness
,
the
hopes
of
present
Victory
boyl'd
in
his
Breast
.
And
therefore
calling
his
Physicians
,
he
sought
for
all
Remedies
to
restore
his
health
;
who
all
pitching
upon
one
Potion
,
which
was
to
be
made
and
given
him
by
the
hands
of
Philip
his
Friend
and
Companion
,
he
received
Letters
at
the
same
time
from
Parmenio
,
advising
him
to
beware
of
the
treachery
of
Philip
,
whom
Darius
had
certainly
corrupted
.
Nevertheless
,
after
he
had
read
the
Letters
he
drank
off
the
Potion
,
and
then
gave
the
Letters
to
Philip
to
●ead
.
For
which
constant
opinion
of
the
Reality
of
his
Friend
,
he
received
a
most
worthy
Reward
from
the
Immortal
Gods
,
who
would
not
permit
the
Remedy
of
his
Health
to
be
disappointed
by
any
surmised
Suspition
of
Treachery
in
the
delivery
of
it
.
LIB.
IV.
CHAP.
1.
Of
Moderation
.
Among
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
P.
Valerius
Poblicola
Coss
.
-
2.
Furius
Camillas
Exile
.
-
3.
Marcius
Rutilius
.
-
4.
L.
Quinctius
Cincinnatus
Cos
.
-
5.
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
Rullianus
.
-
6.
The
Elder
Africanus
.
-
7.
Claudius
Marcellus
.
-
8.
Sempronius
Gracchus
Cos
.
-
9.
Claudius
Nero
Consul
.
-
10.
P.
Scipio
Aemilianus
Cos
.
-
11.
Q.
Mucius
S●●vola
.
-
12.
Metellus
Macedonian
.
-
13.
Metellus
Numidian
.
-
14.
Cato
of
Utica
.
-
15.
Calpurnius
Bibulus
Proc.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
Architas
Tarentine
.
-
2.
Plato
Athenian
.
-
3.
Dion
of
Syracuse
.
-
4.
Thrasybulus
the
Athenian
.
-
5.
Stasippus
of
Tagea
.
-
6.
Pittacus
Mitylene
.
-
7.
Seven
wise
men
.
-
8.
Theopompus
King
of
Lacedaemon
.
-
9.
Antiochus
King
of
Syria
.
I
Shall
pass
to
the
most
wholesome
part
of
Instruction
,
Moderation
of
Mind
,
which
will
not
suffer
our
Minds
to
be
diverted
from
the
right
way
by
the
assaults
of
Rashness
.
Whence
it
falls
out
to
be
not
only
without
reprehension
,
but
most
wealthy
in
the
treasures
of
praise
;
and
therefore
let
us
shew
the
effects
thereof
in
men
of
Fame
.
1.
And
that
I
may
begin
from
the
Cradle
of
Honour
,
P.
Valerius
,
who
for
the
honour
he
bore
the
Majesty
of
the
people
,
was
called
Poblicola
;
who
after
Kingship
was
driven
out
of
Rome
,
seeing
the
whole
stress
of
their
power
,
the
Ensignes
of
their
Authority
translated
to
himself
under
the
Title
of
Consul
,
he
reduced
the
envious
height
of
Magistracy
to
a
Habit
easily
to
be
endured
.
He
made
the
Fasces
give
way
to
the
Axes
,
in
all
publick
Assemblies
laying
them
down
at
the
feet
of
the
people
:
he
brought
the
number
of
the
Fasces
to
be
less
by
one
half
,
and
of
his
own
accord
took
Lucretius
to
be
his
Colleague
in
Authority
;
before
whom
,
because
he
was
the
Elder
,
he
caused
the
Fasces
to
be
carried
first
.
He
also
enacted
a
Law
in
the
Assemblies
of
the
Hundreds
,
That
no
Magistrate
should
strike
or
kill
a
Roman
Citizen
;
so
that
the
freer
the
Condition
of
the
City
was
,
the
more
he
by
little
and
little
extenuated
his
own
Authority
.
He
also
pulled
down
his
own
house
,
because
that
being
seated
in
a
higher
part
of
the
City
,
it
seemed
to
have
the
resemblance
of
a
Castle
.
Thus
lower
in
his
house
,
did
he
not
appear
higher
in
his
glory
?
2.
I
can
no
sooner
forsake
Poblicola
,
but
I
am
pleas'd
in
coming
to
Furius
Camillus
:
Whose
Translation
and
change
from
great
Ignominies
to
highest
Command
,
was
so
moderate
,
that
when
his
Fellow-Citizens
,
after
that
Rome
was
taken
by
the
Gauls
,
required
his
assistance
,
being
then
an
Exile
in
Ardea
,
he
had
no
sooner
began
his
Journey
to
Veii
,
there
to
take
charge
of
the
Army
,
but
that
he
understood
all
things
were
confirmed
in
most
solemn
manner
in
relation
to
his
being
made
Dictator
.
Magnificent
was
the
Veientine
Triumph
of
Camillus
,
famous
was
his
Victory
over
the
Gauls
,
but
much
more
admirable
that
his
Pause
:
for
it
was
a
harder
labour
for
him
to
overcome
himself
than
the
Enemy
;
neither
avoiding
adversity
with
too
much
haste
,
nor
meeting
adversity
with
too
much
joy
.
3.
Equal
to
Furius
in
Moderation
,
was
Marcius
Rutilius
Censorinus
:
For
being
a
second
time
created
Censor
,
he
called
the
people
together
to
an
Assembly
,
and
in
a
Speech
most
sharply
reprehended
them
,
that
they
had
twice
conferred
that
Office
upon
him
;
seeing
that
their
Ancestors
thought
rather
fit
to
abridge
and
confine
the
time
of
holding
the
same
,
as
being
too
great
for
one
man
.
Both
did
well
,
both
Censorinus
and
the
people
:
for
the
one
instructed
them
to
bestow
their
high
Honour
with
Moderation
,
the
other
intrusted
themselves
in
the
hands
of
a
moderate
person
.
4.
Go
to
!
L.
Quinctius
Cincinnatus
,
what
a
Consul
was
he
?
whose
honour
when
the
Conscript
Fathers
would
have
continued
not
onely
for
his
egregious
acts
,
but
because
the
people
intended
to
continue
the
same
Tribunes
again
the
next
year
,
neither
of
which
could
be
legally
done
;
he
hindered
the
endeavours
of
both
,
not
onely
restraining
the
endeavours
of
the
Senate
,
but
constraining
the
Tribunes
to
follow
the
Example
of
his
own
Modesty
.
5.
But
Fabius
Maximus
having
observ'd
that
himself
had
been
Consul
five
times
,
and
oftner
by
his
Father
,
Grandfather
,
and
Great-Grandfather
,
at
the
Assembly
of
the
People
,
where
his
Son
was
created
Consul
,
pleaded
very
hard
with
the
people
,
That
they
would
permit
a
vacation
of
Honour
to
the
Family
of
the
Fabii
:
Not
that
he
did
mistrust
the
Vertues
of
his
Son
,
for
he
was
a
person
of
great
Honour
,
but
that
the
supream
Honour
of
the
Commonwealth
should
not
remain
in
one
Family
.
What
more
powerful
than
this
Moderation
,
that
could
so
overcome
his
Fatherly
affections
,
which
are
generally
so
strong
in
Parents
?
6.
There
was
no
Gratitude
wanting
among
our
Ancestors
to
give
the
rewards
due
to
the
Elder
African
;
seeing
that
they
have
endeavoured
to
adorn
his
greatest
Enterprizes
with
equal
Honours
.
Willing
they
were
to
place
his
Statue
in
the
great
Halls
of
Justice
,
and
Publick
Assemblies
,
over
the
Rostra
in
the
Court
;
and
in
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
himself
,
they
were
willing
to
adorn
his
Statue
with
Triumphal
Habits
,
and
lay
it
upon
the
Cushions
or
Beds
of
the
Gods
in
the
Capitol
.
They
would
have
given
him
the
Consulship
as
long
as
he
lived
,
or
a
perpetual
Dictatorship
.
But
he
not
enduring
any
Act
of
the
People
,
nor
Edict
of
the
Senate
to
pass
in
his
behalf
,
carried
himself
with
more
Honour
in
refusing
those
Honours
,
than
he
had
got
in
obtaining
them
.
With
the
same
strength
of
mind
he
defended
the
Cause
of
Hannibal
in
the
Senate
,
when
his
own
Citizens
by
their
Ambassadors
accused
him
of
raising
Sedition
among
um
.
Adding
,
that
it
did
not
become
the
Conscript
Fathers
to
meddle
in
the
affairs
of
the
Carthaginians
;
with
a
most
high
moderation
consulting
the
safety
of
the
one
,
and
the
dignity
of
the
other
;
which
amounted
to
a
Victory
,
while
both
seemed
to
act
the
parts
of
an
Enemy
.
7.
But
Marcus
Marcellus
,
who
was
the
first
that
taught
that
the
Carthaginians
could
be
vanquished
,
and
Syracuse
taken
,
when
in
the
time
of
his
Consulship
the
Syracusans
came
into
the
City
to
complain
against
him
,
he
would
not
permit
the
Senate
to
hear
the
Cause
,
because
his
Colleague
was
by
chance
absent
,
lest
the
Sicilians
should
grow
fearful
or
remiss
in
their
Accusation
:
But
assoon
as
his
Partner
returned
,
he
himself
was
the
first
that
put
the
Senate
in
mind
of
calling
in
the
Syracusans
;
and
patiently
heard
them
while
they
made
their
Complaints
.
And
though
they
were
commanded
by
Levinus
to
depart
,
yet
he
caused
them
to
stay
,
that
they
might
be
present
at
his
defence
.
Afterwards
when
both
parties
had
been
heard
,
he
followed
them
going
out
of
the
Court
,
that
the
Senate
might
be
the
more
●ree
in
passing
their
Sentence
.
And
when
their
Accusations
were
rejected
,
he
courteously
embraced
them
,
suppliantly
entreating
him
to
receive
them
into
his
protection
.
Moreover
,
having
drawn
Sicily
by
Lot
,
he
yielded
that
Province
to
his
Colleague
.
And
indeed
so
often
may
the
Praises
of
Marcellus
be
varied
,
as
he
made
use
of
various
degrees
of
Moderation
toward
his
Assocates
.
8.
How
admirable
did
Tiberius
Gracchus
render
himself
!
For
being
Tribune
of
the
People
,
though
he
bare
a
profess'd
hatred
to
the
Scipio's
both
African
and
Asiatic
;
yet
when
the
Asiatic
Scipio
not
being
able
to
pay
the
Money
wherein
he
was
condemn'd
,
was
therefore
by
the
Consul
commanded
to
be
carried
to
Prison
,
upon
his
appeal
to
the
Colledge
of
Tribunes
,
when
no
man
would
intercede
for
him
,
he
dissenting
and
departing
from
the
Colledge
,
made
a
Decree
:
And
when
every
one
thought
that
in
the
writing
thereof
he
would
have
us'd
the
words
and
expressions
of
an
angry
enemy
;
In
the
first
place
he
swore
that
he
was
not
friends
with
Scipio
,
and
then
recited
this
Decree
of
his
own
framing
:
That
whereas
Cornelius
Scipio
had
cast
into
Prison
the
Captains
of
the
Enemy
,
led
before
his
Chariot
on
the
day
of
his
Triumph
;
it
was
unworthy
and
unbecoming
the
Majesty
of
the
Roman
People
,
that
be
should
be
led
thither
himself
.
And
therefore
he
would
not
suffer
it
to
be
done
.
Then
willingly
the
Roman
People
saw
how
Gracchus
had
deceived
them
in
their
opinion
,
and
extoll'd
his
Moderation
with
deserved
Praise
.
9.
Claudius
Nero
is
also
to
be
number●d
among
the
choice
Examples
of
principal
Moderation
.
He
was
partner
in
glory
with
Livius
Salinator
in
the
defeat
of
Asdrubal
.
Yet
he
chose
rather
to
follow
him
triumphing
on
Horseback
,
than
to
accept
of
that
honour
of
Triumph
,
which
the
Senate
had
equally
decreed
to
him
;
because
the
action
was
perform'd
in
Salinator's
Province
.
Wherefore
he
triumph'd
without
a
Chariot
,
so
much
the
more
renownedly
,
because
only
the
Victory
of
the
one
,
but
the
Moderation
of
the
other
was
thereby
commended
.
10.
Nor
does
the
Younger
Africanus
suffer
us
to
pass
him
by
in
silence
:
Who
being
Censor
,
when
he
muster'd
the
Army
,
and
in
the
Sacrifice
then
wont
to
be
made
,
the
Scribe
was
also
singing
a
solemn
Hymn
of
Praise
set
down
in
the
Books
,
the
Gods
were
supplicated
to
prosper
and
advance
the
affairs
of
the
Roman
People
:
They
are
,
said
he
,
in
a
condition
good
and
great
enough
,
and
therefore
I
desire
the
Gods
to
preserve
them
safe
as
they
are
.
And
therefore
ordered
the
Song
to
be
mended
accordingly
in
the
publick
Records
.
Which
Modesty
the
Censors
when
they
muster'd
ever
after
us'd
in
their
Prayers
.
Prudently
believing
,
that
then
the
increase
of
the
Roman
Empire
was
to
be
sought
,
when
they
sought
for
Triumphs
but
Seven
Miles
from
the
City
.
But
when
they
now
possessed
the
greatest
part
of
the
World
,
that
it
was
a
piece
of
over-Covetousness
to
desire
more
.
Being
happy
if
they
lost
nothing
of
what
they
had
already
won
.
Nor
did
his
Moderation
appear
less
in
his
Censorship
before
the
Tribunal
.
For
when
he
was
mustering
the
Centuries
of
the
Horsemen
,
when
he
saw
Licinius
the
Priest
appear
according
to
his
Summons
;
I
know
,
said
he
,
that
he
hath
perjur'd
himself
in
a
set
form
of
fram'd
words
for
the
nonce
.
And
therefore
if
any
one
would
accuse
him
,
he
would
be
a
witness
:
But
〈◊〉
no
man
appear'd
,
Deliver
thy
Horse
,
said
he
,
Priest
,
〈◊〉
buy
the
Censor's
mark
lest
I
be
forced
to
act
the
part
of
an
Accuser
,
Witness
and
Judge
against
thee
.
11.
Which
temper
of
minde
is
also
taken
notice
of
in
Q.
Scaevola
,
a
most
excellent
Personage
:
For
being
produced
as
a
witness
against
a
Criminal
,
when
he
had
answered
that
which
seemed
to
make
much
against
the
party
,
he
added
at
his
going
away
,
that
they
ought
not
to
give
him
onely
Credit
,
unless
many
others
did
aver
the
same
thing
;
for
that
to
believe
the
testimony
of
one
,
seem'd
to
be
of
a
very
evil
Example
:
Whereby
he
procured
that
Faith
which
was
due
to
his
Sincerity
,
and
at
the
same
time
gave
wholsome
advice
for
the
Common
good
.
12.
I
am
sensible
what
Citizens
,
what
Deeds
and
Sayings
of
theirs
I
am
forced
to
comprehend
in
a
narrow
compass
of
Oration
;
but
when
many
and
great
things
are
to
be
spoken
concerning
the
renown
of
great
men
,
there
is
no
relation
comprehending
infinite
persons
and
transactions
that
can
perform
both
.
And
therefore
our
purpose
is
not
to
praise
,
but
to
record
them
all
;
and
therefore
the
two
Metelli
,
the
Macedonian
and
Numidian
,
two
the
greatest
Ornaments
of
their
Country
,
desire
leave
to
be
briefly
remember'd
.
The
Macedonian
Metellus
had
most
eagerly
contended
with
the
African
Scipio
▪
and
this
Contention
arising
out
of
an
Emulation
of
each
others
Vertue
,
grew
to
most
grievous
and
terrible
hatred
of
each
other
:
but
when
he
heard
it
reported
that
Scipio
was
slain
,
he
ran
into
the
publick
street
with
a
sad
Countenance
and
confused
Out-cry
,
crying
out
,
Arm
,
arm
,
Citizens
arm
,
the
Walls
of
our
City
are
defaced
and
ruined
:
For
Scipio
was
,
violently
slain
at
home
in
his
own
house
.
Oh
unhappy
Commonwealth
in
the
death
of
Africanus
,
but
happy
in
the
generous
and
kinde
Lamentation
of
Macedonicus
!
For
at
the
same
time
he
made
known
how
brave
a
Prince
she
had
lost
,
and
how
brave
a
one
she
enjoy'd
.
He
ordered
his
Sons
also
to
be
the
Supporters
of
his
Bier
,
adding
this
voice
of
Honour
to
his
Funeral
,
That
it
would
never
be
their
fortune
to
perform
that
Office
to
a
greater
man
.
Where
were
now
those
many
Quarrels
in
the
Court
?
those
many
dissentions
before
the
Pulpits
for
Orations
?
where
the
Gown-contests
of
so
great
Leaders
and
Commonwealths-men
?
All
these
this
most
Venerable
Moderation
utterly
cancell'd
.
13.
But
the
Numidian
Metellus
driven
from
his
Country
by
Popular
Faction
,
retir'd
into
Asia
;
where
when
he
received
Letters
as
he
was
at
Tralles
beholding
certain
sports
,
reporting
that
with
the
universal
consent
of
Senate
and
People
,
his
return
to
his
own
Country
was
freely
granted
him
,
he
would
not
stir
out
of
the
Theatre
till
the
Play
was
ended
:
Not
shewing
any
change
of
gladness
to
those
that
sate
next
him
of
any
side
,
but
confin'd
his
great
joy
within
himself
,
carrying
the
Countenance
in
his
Exilement
,
as
at
his
Restoration
.
So
indifferently
did
he
behave
himself
between
Adversity
and
Prosperity
,
by
the
advantage
of
his
Moderation
.
14.
So
many
Families
being
numbered
up
famous
for
one
kind
of
Vertue
,
is
it
fit
that
we
leave
out
the
Portian
Name
,
as
wanting
their
share
in
this
part
of
Glory
?
The
younger
Cato
will
not
so
permit
it
,
not
a
little
trusting
to
no
small
Exemplar
of
his
own
Moderation
.
He
had
brought
the
Cyprian
Money
with
great
diligence
and
sincerity
into
the
City
;
for
which
Office
the
Senate
ordained
,
that
at
the
next
Praetorian
Assemblies
Extraordinary
consideration
should
be
taken
:
but
he
would
not
suffer
it
to
be
done
,
affirming
it
to
be
unjust
,
that
what
was
never
decreed
to
any
other
,
should
be
decreed
to
him
.
And
lest
any
new
Custome
should
arise
from
his
person
,
he
rather
chose
the
hazards
of
the
field
,
than
to
accept
the
kindness
of
the
Senate
.
15.
While
I
am
endeavouring
from
hence
to
pass
to
Forraign
Examples
,
Marcus
Bibulus
,
a
person
of
great
Dignity
,
and
sacred
for
his
high
Honours
,
lays
hands
upon
me
;
who
when
he
lay
in
Syria
,
receiving
News
that
two
of
his
Sons
,
of
admirable
hopes
,
were
both
slain
by
the
Souldiers
of
Gabinius
,
the
Murtherers
of
whom
were
afterwards
sent
him
bound
by
Cleopatra
,
to
take
the
revenge
of
so
great
a
Calamity
at
his
own
pleasure
.
He
,
notwithstanding
so
great
an
advantage
was
offered
him
,
that
a
person
so
provoked
could
not
desire
a
greater
,
yet
caused
his
Grief
to
give
way
to
his
Moderation
,
sending
immediately
back
to
Cleopatra
the
Butchers
of
his
own
flesh
and
blood
;
telling
her
withal
,
That
the
power
of
Revenge
did
not
belong
to
him
,
but
to
the
Senate
.
FORRAIGN
.
1.
Architas
the
Tarentine
,
while
he
almost
drowns
himself
at
Metapontus
in
the
Precepts
of
Pythagoras
,
after
long
labour
and
study
,
having
freighted
himself
with
the
whole
Body
of
Learning
,
returned
into
his
own
Country
;
where
when
he
came
to
look
after
his
Estate
,
he
found
,
through
the
negligence
of
his
Bayliff
,
his
Farms
very
much
decay'd
and
spoil'd
:
Whereupon
beholding
his
ill-deserving
Servant
,
I
had
most
certainly
,
said
he
,
punish'd
thee
according
to
thy
desert
,
but
that
I
am
angry
with
thee
.
And
therefore
he
had
rather
let
him
go
unpunish'd
,
than
in
his
anger
punish
him
more
than
was
just
.
2.
The
Moderation
of
Architas
was
over-liberal
,
that
of
Plato
more
temperate
.
For
being
over-vehemently
provok'd
by
a
Servant
that
had
committed
a
great
Crime
,
fearing
he
should
himself
exceed
the
measure
of
his
chastisement
,
committed
the
correction
to
his
Friend
Speusippus
;
deeming
it
an
unhandsome
thing
if
he
had
done
amiss
,
that
the
fault
of
his
Servant
,
and
the
correction
of
Plato
should
deserve
the
same
reprehension
:
which
makes
me
no
less
wonder
that
he
was
so
constantly
moderate
toward
Zenocrates
his
Scholar
.
Plato
was
informed
that
he
had
spoken
ill
of
him
many
times
.
He
without
hesitation
slighted
the
accusation
.
The
Informer
very
seriously
asked
him
,
Why
he
did
not
believe
him
?
who
replied
,
That
it
was
not
credible
that
he
whom
he
loved
so
well
should
not
love
him
as
well
again
.
At
length
when
the
envie
of
the
Make-bate
confirm'd
his
story
with
Oaths
,
he
affirm'd
,
That
he
did
not
believe
him
perjur'd
;
however
,
if
Zenocrates
did
say
such
things
of
him
,
he
would
not
have
said
them
,
but
that
he
thought
it
convenient
to
speak
so
.
One
would
have
thought
his
Soul
had
not
kept
her
Station
in
a
Mortal
Body
,
but
in
a
Celestial
Tower
,
and
as
it
were
armed
,
that
could
so
invincibly
keep
off
the
Incursions
of
Humane
Vices
,
keeping
the
whole
number
of
Vertues
in
the
close
Fortress
of
the
breast
.
3.
Dion
of
Syracuse
could
not
deserve
equal
Commendation
with
Plato
for
Learning
,
but
of
his
Moderation
he
gave
a
larger
Experiment
.
He
being
expelled
his
Country
by
Dionysius
the
Tyrant
,
went
to
Megara
;
where
coming
to
give
the
King
of
that
City
a
Visit
,
but
not
finding
admittance
after
a
long
and
tedious
waiting
,
said
he
to
his
friend
,
This
is
patiently
to
be
endured
,
for
perhaps
when
we
were
in
Authority
we
our selves
did
something
like
this
▪
By
wtveh
tranquillity
of
Minde
he
made
his
own
Exile
more
pleasing
to
himself
.
4
Thrasibulus
is
next
to
be
recorded
:
who
when
the
people
of
Athens
were
forced
to
leave
their
Country
through
the
Cruelty
of
the
Thirty
Tyrants
,
and
to
live
miserably
dispersed
,
and
wandering
without
any
home
,
brought
them
back
to
their
own
Country
.
However
,
he
made
the
victorious
Restoration
of
their
Liberty
more
renowned
by
his
most
applauded
Moderation
:
For
he
made
a
Law
,
That
no
mention
should
be
made
of
things
past
.
This
Act
of
Oblivion
which
the
Athenians
call
Amnestia
,
restored
the
shaken
and
decaying
State
of
the
City
to
its
former
condition
of
Honour
.
5.
Not
less
admirable
is
this
that
follows
.
Stasippus
of
Tegea
,
when
his
friends
advised
him
by
any
means
to
kill
or
remove
a
person
that
was
his
Rival
in
the
Administration
of
the
Commonwealth
,
though
otherwise
a
very
just
and
upright
person
,
denied
to
do
any
such
act
,
scaring
that
the
place
in
Government
,
which
a
good
man
now
enjoyed
,
should
be
possessed
by
one
of
a
perverse
and
evil
disposition
,
coming
in
his
room
.
6.
The
breast
of
Pittacus
was
well
endued
with
Moderation
;
who
being
become
an
absolute
Tyrant
over
his
Country
,
when
Alcaeus
the
Poet
not
onely
prosecuted
him
with
an
inveterate
hatred
,
but
with
the
strength
of
his
sharp
Wit
,
onely
gave
him
to
understand
what
was
in
his
power
to
do
.
7.
The
mention
which
I
have
made
of
this
man
,
brings
to
our
consideration
the
Moderation
of
the
seven
Wise
men
.
A
certain
person
had
bought
a
Draught
of
certain
Fish●rmen
in
the
Country
of
Mi●esium
;
who
bringing
up
a
golden
Table
of
Delphos
,
of
a
very
exceeding
great
weight
,
a
very
great
Dispute
arose
;
these
affirming
the
sale
onely
of
Fish
,
the
person
affirming
he
bought
the
Draught
in
general
.
By
reason
of
the
novelty
of
the
Accident
,
and
the
value
of
the
Treasure
,
the
business
was
referred
to
the
judgment
of
all
the
City
:
they
thought
it
convenient
to
consult
the
Oracle
to
whom
the
Table
belonged
:
the
God
answered
,
that
it
was
to
be
given
to
him
that
excelled
in
Wisdom
,
in
these
words
:
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
Who
first
in
Wisdom
all
excells
,
to
him
the
Tripos
give
.
Thereupon
the
Milesians
by
consent
gave
the
Table
to
Thales
:
he
yielded
it
to
Byas
,
Byas
to
Pittacus
,
and
so
from
one
to
another
,
at
length
it
came
to
Solon
,
who
gave
the
attribute
of
chiefest
Wisdom
,
as
also
the
reward
,
to
Apollo
himselt
.
8.
And
to
witness
the
Moderation
of
Theopompus
,
King
of
the
Lacedaemonians
;
who
being
the
first
Author
of
the
creation
of
the
Ephori
,
which
were
to
be
a
Curb
to
the
Kingly
power
in
La●edaemon
,
as
the
Tribunes
were
a
Curb
to
the
Consular
Authority
in
Rome
;
and
for
that
cause
repreh●nded
by
his
wife
,
that
be
had
done
that
which
would
lessen
the
grandeur
of
his
Children
:
I
shall
leave
it
less
,
said
he
,
but
more
lasting
,
Rightly
said
;
for
that
power
is
most
lasting
that
g●ves
limits
to
it self
.
Therefore
Theopompus
by
binding
a
Kingdom
in
legal
Fetters
,
the
more
he
withdrew
it
from
Licentious
power
,
the
more
he
fixed
it
in
the
good
will
of
his
Subjects
.
9.
But
Antiochus
being
driven
by
L.
Scipio
to
the
utmost
limits
of
the
Kingdom
,
beyond
the
Mountain
Taurus
,
having
lost
Asia
and
all
the
adjacent
Kingdoms
,
thought
himself
bound
,
without
d●ssimulation
,
to
return
thanks
to
the
Romans
,
that
being
freed
from
great
Cares
,
they
had
confirm'd
him
to
govern
a
moderate
Territory
.
And
indeed
there
is
nothing
so
Illustrious
or
Magnificent
,
which
may
not
be
tempeted
by
Moderation
.
CHAP.
II.
Of
Reconciliation
.
-
1.
M.
Aemilius
Lepidus
and
M.
F●lvius
Flaccus
Censors
.
-
2.
M.
Livius
Salinator
and
C.
Claudius
Nero
Coss
.
-
3.
The
Elder
Africanus
and
T.
Sempronius
Gracchus
.
-
4.
M.
Tullius
Cicero
and
A.
Gabinius
.
-
5.
P.
Clodius
Pulcher
,
and
T.
Cornelius
Lentulus
.
-
6.
L.
Caninius
Gallus
and
C.
Antonius
.
-
7.
M.
Caelius
Rufus
and
Q.
Pompey
.
WHich
being
demonstrated
by
many
and
most
renowned
presidents
,
let
us
pass
to
a
most
rare
Affection
of
the
Mind
,
or
the
course
of
Hatred
to
Friendship
,
and
let
us
pursue
it
in
a
pleasant
Style
.
For
it
the
boisterous
Sea
prove
calm
,
and
the
stormy
Sky
appear
with
a
serene
aspect
,
and
War
making
a
change
for
Peace
,
be
no
small
cause
of
comfort
;
the
asswagement
of
the
bitterness
of
Hatred
is
to
be
celebrated
with
a
candid
Narration
.
1.
Marcus
Aemilius
Lepidus
,
twice
Consul
,
and
high
Priest
,
equal
in
the
Splendour
of
his
Honours
to
the
Gravity
of
his
Life
,
bare
an
inveterate
and
continued
Hatred
to
Fulvius
Flaceus
,
a
person
of
the
same
dignity
;
which
assoon
as
they
were
both
declared
Censors
together
,
he
laid
aside
in
the
Field
.
Believing
it
unreasonable
for
those
to
be
at
private
difference
,
who
were
coupled
together
in
Supreme
publick
Authority
.
That
judgment
of
his
mind
the
present
Age
hath
approved
,
and
the
old
Writers
of
Annals
have
recorded
to
us
as
a
thing
most
worthy
of
applause
.
2.
Nor
would
they
let
the
illustrious
advice
of
Livius
Salinator
for
the
ending
of
Quarrels
be
unknown
to
Posterity
.
For
though
he
went
into
Exile
with
a
burning
hatred
against
Claudius
Nero
,
anger'd
at
the
testimony
which
he
gave
against
him
;
yet
when
the
People
had
recall'd
him
,
and
made
him
Partner
with
Nero
in
the
Consulship
,
he
commanded
himself
to
forget
his
own
disposition
,
which
was
most
fiery
,
and
the
heavy
injury
which
he
had
received
.
Lest
by
denying
to
take
the
Consorship
of
Government
,
through
the
inward
disaffection
of
his
mind
,
he
should
have
acted
the
part
of
an
evil
Consul
,
by
shewing
his
hatred
to
his
Enemy
.
Which
inclination
of
his
mind
to
a
better
disposition
,
in
an
unsafe
and
difficult
conjuncture
of
affairs
,
wrought
no
small
advantage
to
the
City
and
all
Italy
;
while
they
supported
with
an
equal
strength
of
vertue
,
were
the
first
that
broke
the
force
and
turn'd
the
fortune
of
the
Carthaginians
.
3.
A
fair
Example
also
we
finde
in
the
Elder
African
and
T.
Gracchus
of
Enmity
laid
aside
.
For
at
the
sacred
Rites
of
that
Table
,
to
which
they
came
with
a
boyling
Hatred
each
to
other
,
from
the
same
Table
they
departed
entire
Friends
.
For
Scipio
,
at
the
mediation
of
the
Senate
,
not
contented
to
enter
into
Friendship
with
Gracchus
in
the
Capitol
,
at
the
Feast
of
Jupiter
;
he
there
also
espoused
his
Daughter
Cornelia
to
him
.
4.
This
gentile
humour
appear'd
chiefly
in
M.
Cicero
:
For
he
most
vehemently
defended
A.
Gabinius
accus'd
of
Bribery
,
who
had
expell'd
him
out
of
the
City
in
his
Consuship
.
And
the
same
person
preserv'd
P.
Vatinius
from
two
publick
Judgements
,
though
he
were
alwaies
an
enemy
to
his
Dignity
:
As
without
any
imputation
of
Levity
,
so
with
some
Praise
.
For
with
better
pretence
Injuries
are
overcome
by
Benefits
,
than
retaliated
with
obstinate
Animosity
.
5.
Which
act
of
Cicero's
seem'd
so
laudable
,
that
P.
Pulcher
,
his
utter
Enemy
,
did
not
disdain
to
follow
it
.
Who
being
accus'd
of
Incest
by
the
three
Lentuli
,
received
one
of
them
into
his
protection
,
at
the
same
time
accused
for
corrupting
the
People
,
to
obtain
an
Office
:
and
gave
his
mind
wholly
(
beholding
the
Judge
,
the
Praetor
,
and
the
Temple
of
Vesta
)
to
act
all
Friendship
for
the
same
Lentulus
,
though
the
other
at
the
same
time
endeavoured
to
ruine
his
reputation
with
a
soul
crime
.
6.
Caninius
Gallus
also
shew'd
himself
wonderful
in
Courtesie
both
toward
the
Criminal
,
and
to
his
Accuser
:
For
to
Antonius
,
whom
he
had
condemn'd
,
he
gave
his
Daughter
;
and
Colonius
,
by
whom
he
was
accused
,
he
made
Overseer
of
his
Estate
.
7.
As
for
Caelius
Rufus
,
though
his
Life
were
infamous
,
yet
the
Pity
that
he
shewed
to
Q.
Pompeius
was
to
be
applauded
;
who
being
cast
at
a
publick
Trial
by
himself
,
when
his
Mother
Cornelia
would
not
restore
the
Farms
,
which
he
had
conveyed
to
her
in
trust
,
at
the
request
of
Lentulus
in
a
Letter
,
he
with
great
fervency
made
a
Journey
to
her
:
He
shewed
the
Letter
,
which
testified
the
Necessity
of
Pompey
;
whereby
he
overcame
the
impious
Covetousness
of
Cornelia
.
A
deed
,
for
its
most
compassionate
Humanity
,
to
be
applauded
even
in
Caelius
himself
;
and
to
be
imitated
,
though
Rufus
were
the
Author
.
CHAP.
III.
Of
Abstinence
and
Continence
.
ROMAN
Examples
.
-
1.
Scipio
African
the
Elder
.
-
2.
Cato
of
Utica
.
-
3.
Nero
Claudius
Drusus
and
Antonia
.
-
4.
Cn.
Marrius
Coriolarus
.
-
5.
Curius
Dentatus
Cos
.
-
6.
C.
Fabricius
Lusenus
●os
.
-
7.
Q.
Aelius
Tubero
Cos
.
-
8.
L.
Aemili●s
Paulus
●rocos
.
-
9.
The
Roman
Ambass●dours
Fabius
Gunges
,
Cn.
Fabii
Pictores
,
and
Q.
Ogulnius
.
-
10.
L.
Calpurnius
Piso
.
-
11.
Cato
the
Elder
.
-
12
Cato
of
Utica
.
-
13.
P.
Scipio
Em●lianus
.
-
14.
The
People
of
Rome
.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
Pericles
the
Athenian
.
-
2.
S●phocles
the
Athenian
.
-
3.
Xenocrates
the
Academic
.
-
4.
D●●g●n●s
the
Cynic
.
WIth
great
care
and
most
deliberate
study
are
we
now
to
relate
,
how
those
impetuous
desires
of
Lust
and
Avarice
have
by
Reason
and
Councel
been
remov'd
from
the
breasts
of
great
Persons
.
For
that
City
,
that
Family
,
that
Kingdom
easily
remains
in
a
lasting
and
firm
degree
of
Establishment
,
where
Lust
and
Avarice
challenge
the
least
prerogative
.
For
where
those
Plagues
of
Humane
kinde
have
gotten
sooting
,
there
Injury
prevails
,
and
Infamy
rages
.
But
forgetting
those
,
let
us
call
to
minde
Customes
contrary
to
those
most
pestilent
Vices
.
1.
Scipio
in
the
twenty
fourth
year
of
his
Age
,
having
taken
New
Carthage
in
Spain
,
and
conceiving
in
his
mind
prosperous
hopes
of
taking
the
greater
Carthage
,
had
regained
into
his
power
many
Hostages
,
which
the
Carthaginians
kept
close
in
that
Town
,
and
among
the
rest
a
Virgin
of
most
surpassing
Beauty
mature
in
years
,
though
he
were
young
,
unmarried
and
a
Conquerour
,
yet
understanding
that
she
was
of
a
Noble
Family
among
the
Celtiberians
,
and
affianced
to
Indibilis
,
one
of
the
Princes
of
that
Countrey
,
he
sent
for
her
Parents
and
her
Spouse
,
and
delivered
untouch'd
to
her
own
Friends
,
adding
to
her
Dowry
the
Gold
that
was
brought
for
her
Ransome
.
Which
Continency
and
Bounty
of
his
so
moved
Indibilis
,
that
he
wrought
with
the
Celtiberians
to
take
part
with
the
Romans
,
thereby
approving
himself
truly
grateful
for
so
great
a
favour
.
2.
As
Spain
was
a
witness
of
this
mans
Abstinence
,
so
did
Epirus
,
Achaia
,
the
Cyclade
Islands
,
the
Sea-Coast
of
Asia
,
and
Cyprus
,
give
testimony
to
the
Continence
of
Cato
:
From
whence
when
he
had
the
charge
of
sending
great
sums
of
Money
,
he
carried
himself
as
free
from
Wantonness
,
as
from
desire
of
Gain
,
though
he
had
opportunity
enough
to
have
been
intemperate
in
both
:
For
the
Royal
Treasure
was
all
at
his
charge
,
and
he
was
forced
every
where
to
take
up
his
Lodgings
in
Cities
the
most
fruitful
of
all
pleasures
.
And
this
is
testified
in
writing
by
Minatius
Rufus
,
his
faithful
Companion
in
the
Cyprian
Expedition
.
Though
I
rely
not
altogether
upon
his
testimony
;
the
subject
it self
is
a
sufficient
proof
,
seeing
that
Cato
and
Continence
were
both
born
from
the
same
Womb
of
Nature
.
3.
Most
certain
it
is
that
Drusus
Germanicus
,
the
glory
of
the
Claudian
Family
,
a
rare
Ornament
of
his
Countrey
,
and
which
is
above
all
the
rest
,
for
the
greatness
of
his
Actions
,
considering
his
Age
,
near
approaching
to
the
Grandeur
of
his
Imperial
Father-in-Law
and
Brother
,
was
eminently
known
to
have
confin'd
his
love
of
Women
within
the
particular
and
single
affection
to
his
own
Wife
.
Antonia
also
,
a
woman
surpassing
in
Praise
the
Masculine
Renown
of
her
Family
,
recompensed
the
love
of
her
Husband
with
a
Fidelity
answerable
:
And
after
his
decease
,
in
the
Flower
of
his
Age
and
Beauty
,
espoused
her self
to
the
House
of
her
Mother-in-law
;
so
that
in
the
same
bed
the
Vigorous
Youth
of
the
one
extinguished
,
the
experienced
Widowhood
of
the
other
grew
aged
.
And
so
let
this
Chamber
put
an
end
to
these
Examples
.
4.
Let
us
now
spend
some
time
upon
Examples
of
those
who
never
car'd
for
money
.
Caius
Marcius
a
young
Gentleman
of
the
Porcian
Family
,
descended
from
the
Renowned
Progeny
of
King
Ancus
;
who
had
their
sirname
from
Coriolum
a
Town
of
the
Volsci
by
them
taken
:
when
for
his
noble
acts
of
Fortitude
,
he
was
praised
at
the
head
of
the
Army
by
Posthumius
Cominius
the
Consul
,
and
reward
given
him
of
Military
gifts
,
besides
a
hundred
Acres
of
Land
,
his
choice
of
ten
Captives
,
as
many
Horses
with
their
Trappings
,
a
Herd
of
a
hundred
Oxen
,
and
a
great
weight
of
Silver
;
yet
he
refused
all
,
accepting
of
nothing
but
the
liberty
of
one
Captive
that
was
his
Host
,
and
one
Horse
for
service
:
Through
which
circumspect
Moderation
of
minde
,
it
is
hard
to
judge
whether
he
merited
most
in
deserving
of
refusing
those
Rewards
.
5.
But
M.
Curius
,
a
most
exact
Rule
of
Roman
Frugality
,
as
well
as
a
perfect
President
of
Fortitude
,
was
not
asham'd
to
shew
himself
sitting
upon
a
Country-form
before
the
fire
at
Supper
in
a
Wooden
platter
.
(
You
may
guess
at
his
Dainties
.
)
He
contemn'd
the
Riches
ot
the
Samnites
,
the
Samnites
admir'd
his
Poverty
:
For
when
they
brought
him
a
great
weight
of
Gold
,
sent
him
by
their
Country-men
for
a
Present
,
and
kindly
desired
him
to
accept
of
it
,
he
fell
into
a
laughter
,
and
presently
,
quoth
he
,
You
that
are
come
hither
upon
a
needless
,
if
I
may
not
all
it
idle
Embassie
,
go
tell
the
Samnites
,
That
Curius
had
rather
command
rich
men
than
be
rick
himself
;
and
carry
back
that
pretious
gift
invented
to
the
evil
of
mankind
;
and
remember
that
I
can
neither
be
overcome
in
Battle
,
nor
be
corrupted
with
Money
.
The
same
person
when
he
had
driven
Pyrrhus
out
of
Italy
,
nevertheless
would
nor
touch
the
least
part
of
all
those
Royal
spoils
that
did
so
inrich
the
City
.
Moreover
,
he
would
not
exceed
the
usual
measure
of
Popular
assignement
,
though
the
Senate
gave
to
himself
Fifty
Acres
of
Land
,
to
the
people
but
Seven
Acres
;
esteeming
him
no
good
Citizen
,
that
could
not
be
contented
with
what
was
given
to
others
.
6.
Of
the
same
opinion
was
Fabricius
Luscinus
,
greater
than
any
person
of
his
time
in
Honour
and
Authority
;
in
Estate
not
above
the
meanest
:
Who
when
the
Samnites
,
who
were
under
his
protection
,
sent
him
a
Present
of
Ten
pound
of
coyned
Silver
,
Five
pound
weight
of
Gold
,
and
as
many
Servants
,
he
sent
them
back
to
Samnium
;
by
the
advantage
or
his
Continency
rich
without
Money
,
and
attended
without
a
Family
;
so
much
did
he
abound
in
Honour
purchased
by
the
contempt
of
those
things
.
Nor
was
the
expectation
of
Fabricius
unanswered
in
the
refusal
of
those
Presents
:
For
the
Embassadour
returning
so
Pyrrhus
,
and
hearing
Cyrnas
the
Thessalian
telling
the
King
of
a
certain
Athenian
famous
for
his
Wisdom
,
who
was
of
opinion
that
men
should
do
nothing
but
for
pleasure's
sake
,
look'd
upon
it
as
a
monstrous
saying
,
and
immediately
decri'd
that
kind
of
Wisdom
,
both
before
Pyrrhus
and
the
Samnites
.
For
though
the
Athenians
did
glory
in
their
Learning
,
yet
there
was
no
prudent
person
but
would
rather
chuse
to
follow
the
self-den●●●
〈◊〉
Fabricius
,
than
the
Precepts
of
Epicurus
:
which
the
event
prov'd
true
:
For
that
City
which
indulged
so
much
pleasure
,
lost
a
very
large
Dominion
;
but
an
industrious
and
laborious
Country
holds
its
own
:
And
this
City
could
bestow
that
Liberty
,
which
the
other
valu'd
not
.
7
One
might
easily
conjecture
Elius
Tubero
,
sirnamed
Carus
,
to
have
been
the
Disciple
of
Curius
and
Fabricius
,
to
whom
,
being
then
Consul
,
when
the
Etolians
sent
a
vast
present
of
Silver
Plate
,
not
onely
of
a
very
great
weight
,
but
also
most
exquisitely
wrought
;
by
reason
that
their
Embassadours
whom
they
had
formerly
sent
to
congratulate
him
,
upon
their
return
had
related
how
they
saw
him
feeding
onely
in
Earthen
Dishes
:
He
immediately
bid
them
be
gone
with
their
Baggage
,
admonishing
them
withal
,
that
they
should
not
think
that
Continency
and
Poverty
wanted
the
same
supply
.
How
well
did
he
prefer
his
own
Domestick
meanness
before
the
Etolian
Splendour
,
if
the
succeeding
Ages
would
have
followed
his
Example
!
But
now
to
what
a
height
are
we
grown
,
that
Servants
refuse
to
make
use
of
that
Houshold-stuff
,
which
would
serve
a
Consul
before
?
8.
But
after
the
overthrow
of
Perseus
,
Paulus
had
so
glutted
the
old
Hereditary
poverty
of
our
City
with
Wealth
,
that
at
that
time
the
Roman
people
first
began
to
think
of
laying
Taxes
;
yet
no
way
enriched
his
own
Family
,
accompting
it
enough
that
he
by
his
Victories
got
Honour
,
while
others
got
the
money
.
9.
To
this
sound
judgment
of
his
,
Q.
Fabius
Gurges
,
Cn.
Fabius
Pictores
,
and
Ogulnius
,
subscribed
,
who
being
sent
Embassadours
to
King
Ptolomy
,
sent
those
Gifts
which
they
had
privately
receiv'd
from
the
King
,
into
the
publick
Treasury
,
before
they
would
give
an
account
of
their
Embassie
to
the
Senate
;
judging
that
there
was
nothing
due
for
faithful
service
to
the
publick
,
but
the
reward
of
Praise
.
But
now
the
Senate
shew'd
their
gratitude
,
and
the
exact
discipline
of
our
Ancestors
.
For
what
they
had
laid
up
in
the
Treasury
was
restor'd
to
the
Embassadours
not
only
by
the
Decree
of
the
Senate
,
but
by
the
consent
of
the
People
,
which
was
by
the
Questors
with
the
same
willingness
paid
.
Thus
the
Liberality
of
Ptolomy
,
the
Abstinence
of
the
Embassadours
,
the
Equity
of
the
Senate
and
People
,
had
in
all
an
equal
share
of
applause
.
10.
That
Calpurnius
Piso
was
an
Imitator
of
the
Fabii
and
Ogulnii
,
the
Story
makes
manifest
.
The
Consul
having
freed
Sicily
from
the
bloody
War
of
the
Fugitives
,
like
a
Commander
rewarded
those
with
Gifts
,
whose
assistance
he
had
made
most
use
of
;
among
the
rest
he
gave
to
his
Son
,
who
had
behaved
himself
valiantly
,
a
Crown
of
Three
Pound
weight
of
Gold
,
saying
withal
,
That
the
chief
Magistrate
should
not
take
out
of
the
publick
Treasure
to
expend
upon
his
own
Family
;
and
that
therefore
he
would
leave
so
much
Gold
over
and
above
to
the
Young
man
in
his
Will
,
to
pay
for
it
;
that
though
he
received
his
Honour
publickly
,
he
should
receive
the
price
privately
from
his
Father
.
11.
Let
us
see
if
we
can
finde
any
great
person
in
this
age
that
makes
use
of
Goatskins
for
his
Coverlid
,
and
while
he
rules
all
Spain
,
has
but
three
Servants
to
attend
him
;
that
spent
no
more
than
Five
Hundred
Farthings
and
somewhat
over
in
his
preparation
for
his
Journey
;
that
drank
the
same
Drink
,
and
eat
the
same
Meat
which
the
Mariners
fed
upon
;
would
not
that
be
wonderful
indeed
?
Yet
all
this
did
the
Elder
Cato
patiently
endure
,
confining
himself
with
an
extraordinary
,
delight
to
a
pleasing
custome
of
Frugality
.
12.
The
Younger
Cato
was
born
at
a
great
distance
from
the
Continence
of
the
antient
times
,
coming
into
the
world
at
such
a
time
,
when
the
City
abounded
in
Riches
and
all
manner
of
Voluptuousness
.
Yet
he
having
a
command
in
the
Civil
Wars
,
and
having
his
Son
along
with
him
,
nevertheless
had
but
twelve
Servants
with
him
;
in
number
more
than
the
former
Cato
used
,
but
the
alteration
of
the
times
being
consider'd
,
fewer
.
13.
I
am
not
a
little
delighted
in
repeating
the
Acts
of
Illustrious
Heroes
.
Scipio
Aemilianus
,
after
he
had
born
two
Consulships
,
and
been
eminent
for
two
Triumphs
of
his
own
Conquests
,
yet
went
upon
a
great
Embassie
accompanied
with
no
more
than
Seven
Attendants
.
And
yet
't
is
believed
he
might
have
purchas'd
more
with
the
Spoils
of
Carthage
and
Numantium
,
but
that
the
praise
of
his
great
deeds
should
accrew
to
himself
,
the
Spoils
to
his
Countrey
.
And
therefore
when
he
travell'd
through
the
Countries
of
his
Associates
and
Allies
,
and
other
forraign
Nations
,
they
were
not
accompted
his
Slaves
,
but
his
Victories
.
Nor
did
men
consider
how
much
Gold
and
Silver
,
but
how
much
weight
of
worth
he
bare
about
him
.
14.
This
Continence
appear'd
in
the
very
breasts
of
the
generality
of
the
People
,
but
it
shall
suffice
to
relate
two
Examples
of
ages
far
distant
one
from
another
.
Pyrrhus
when
he
saw
the
violence
of
his
fury
at
a
stand
,
&
that
the
hearts
of
his
Epirotes
began
to
fail
,
designing
to
purchase
the
good
will
of
the
Roman
People
,
whose
Vertue
he
could
not
overecome
,
had
transported
almost
all
the
wealth
of
his
Treasures
into
our
City
.
But
when
his
Embassadours
went
from
House
to
House
with
great
Gifts
fit
for
the
use
of
Men
and
Women
,
they
could
not
finde
a
door
open
to
them
.
Thus
the
more
stout
than
prosperous
defender
of
the
Tarentine
petulancie
,
was
repulsed
and
defeated
as
well
by
the
Customes
as
Arms
of
the
City
;
nor
can
I
determine
which
was
the
greatest
Victory
.
In
that
storm
also
with
which
Marius
and
Cinna
infested
the
Common-wealth
,
wonderful
was
the
abstinence
of
the
People
.
For
when
they
lest
the
people
at
liberty
to
ransack
the
houses
of
them
that
were
by
themselves
proscribed
,
there
was
no
man
to
be
found
that
would
lay
hands
upon
the
Prey
of
civil
Discord
.
For
every
one
abstained
from
using
violence
toward
them
,
as
from
things
consecrated
to
the
Gods
:
Which
compassionate
abstinence
of
the
common
people
,
was
a
tacit
reproach
to
the
Cruelty
of
the
Victors
.
FORRAIGN
.
1.
And
lest
we
should
be
thought
to
envy
the
same
applause
to
strangers
,
Pericles
Prince
of
the
Athenians
,
having
for
his
Companion
in
the
Pretorship
Sophocles
the
Tragoedian
,
whom
he
observ'd
at
the
same
time
to
utter
certain
Expressions
over-lavish
in
the
praise
of
a
beautiful
Boy
that
pass'd
by
,
reprehended
him
in
these
words
:
That
a
Magistrate
ought
to
keep
his
eyes
front
lustful
desires
,
as
well
as
his
hands
from
unlawful
gain
.
2.
Socrates
himself
being
now
stricken
in
years
,
and
being
demanded
by
one
whether
he
yet
minded
his
Youthful
dalliances
,
The
Gods
have
taught
me
better
,
said
he
,
for
I
fled
from
it
of
my
own
accord
,
as
from
a
furius
Contagion
.
3.
Of
equal
Continency
was
Xenocrates
in
his
old
Age
;
of
whose
opinion
the
following
Relation
is
no
small
testimony
.
Phryne
,
a
noble
Curtesan
of
Athens
,
while
he
was
in
drink
,
laid
herself
upon
the
bed
by
him
,
having
receiv'd
a
sum
of
money
to
try
if
she
could
tempt
him
.
But
though
he
neither
refused
to
hear
her
flattering
allurements
,
nor
to
let
her
stroak
and
handle
him
,
but
let
her
lie
dallying
in
his
bosome
,
yet
he
at
length
put
her
off
without
prevailing
in
her
designe
.
An
abstemious
act
of
a
mind
endu'd
with
wisdom
.
But
the
saying
of
the
Curtesan
was
very
facetious
:
For
the
young
men
deriding
her
that
she
being
so
handsome
and
witty
,
could
not
win
the
affection
of
an
old
man
;
and
refusing
to
give
het
what
they
had
engaged
,
she
made
answer
,
The
Bargain
was
to
deal
with
a
Man
,
and
not
a
Statue
.
Could
this
Continence
of
Xenocrates
be
more
truly
demonstrated
,
more
truly
or
properly
by
any
one
than
by
the
expression
of
the
Curtesan
her self
?
For
Phryne
with
all
her
Beauty
could
not
weaken
nor
move
the
most
constant
Abstinence
of
the
Philosopher
.
4.
What
think
ye
of
King
Alexander
?
could
he
tempt
him
with
his
Riches
?
You
would
have
thought
him
a
Statue
,
though
equally
assail'd
as
well
by
the
King
as
by
the
Curtesan
.
The
King
sent
Embassadours
to
him
with
a
Present
of
some
Talents
,
whom
being
brought
into
the
Academy
,
was
entertain'd
according
to
his
custom
,
after
his
mean
and
poor
fashion
.
The
next
day
the
Embassadours
asking
him
if
he
would
have
his
Money
told
out
,
I
had
thought
,
said
he
,
by
your
yesterdays
entertainment
,
that
you
had
understood
that
my
condition
does
not
require
Money
.
Thus
while
the
King
was
desirous
to
buy
the
friendship
of
the
Philosopher
,
the
Philosopher
denies
to
sell
it
him
.
5.
The
same
Alexander
having
obtained
the
name
of
Invincible
,
could
not
conquer
the
Continence
of
Diogenes
the
Cynie
;
to
whom
,
as
he
was
fitting
in
the
Sun
,
when
he
came
and
bid
him
tell
him
wherein
he
might
do
him
a
kindness
,
as
he
lay
in
the
shade
,
of
a
sordid
conversation
,
but
of
a
flout
minde
,
quoth
he
,
As
to
the
rest
of
thy
pressers
,
by
and
by
;
but
in
the
mean
time
,
do
not
stand
between
me
and
the
Sun
.
Which
words
carried
a
deep
sense
with
them
:
so
Alexander
might
sooner
overcome
Darius
with
his
Arms
,
than
remove
Diogenes
from
his
low
estate
to
love
wealth
.
The
same
person
being
told
by
Aristippus
at
Syracuse
,
seeing
him
washing
Pot-herbs
,
that
if
he
could
but
flatter
Dionysius
he
need
not
eat
such
trash
,
made
this
retort
,
quoth
he
,
If
thou
couldst
eat
this
mean
fare
,
thou
needst
not
flatter
Dionysius
.
CHAP.
IV.
Poverty
praised
.
-
1.
P.
Valerius
Poplicola
.
-
2.
Agrippa
Menenius
.
-
3.
C.
Fabricius
Luscinus
and
Q.
Aemilius
Papus
.
-
4.
Of
Captains
called
from
the
Plough
to
command
Armies
.
-
5.
C.
Attilius
Regulus
Cos
.
-
6.
M.
Attilius
Regulus
:
-
7.
L.
Quinctius
Cincinnatus
,
Dictat
.
-
8.
The
Elian
Family
.
-
9.
Elius
Tubero
,
and
L.
Paulus
Emilius
.
-
10.
Cn.
Cornelius
Scipio
.
-
11.
M.
Emilius
Scaurus
.
THat
Children
are
the
greatest
Ornaments
to
Women
,
we
finde
written
by
Pomponius
Rufus
in
his
Book
of
Collections
,
in
these
words
.
When
a
Campanian
Lady
lying
at
the
House
or
Cornelia
,
Mother
of
the
Gracchi
,
shewed
her
her
Jewels
and
other
Ornaments
,
which
were
the
fairest
of
any
in
that
time
,
Cornelia
held
her
in
discourse
till
her
Children
return'd
from
School
.
And
these
,
quoth
she
,
when
they
appeared
,
are
my
Ornaments
.
For
he
hath
all
things
that
covets
nothing
,
and
much
more
certainly
than
he
that
possesses
all
things
.
For
great
Estates
many
times
fail
,
but
a
good
Habit
of
Minde
is
above
the
violence
of
Fortune
.
And
therefore
what
matters
it
,
whether
we
put
Riches
in
the
highest
part
of
Felicity
,
or
Poverty
in
the
lowest
degree
of
Misery
?
Especially
when
the
chearful
countenance
of
Wealth
is
full
of
many
conceal'd
Bitternesses
;
and
the
more
rugged
and
deformed
aspect
of
Poverty
many
times
abounds
with
many
sure
and
solid
Contents
.
1.
The
pride
of
Tarquin
having
put
an
end
to
Kingly
Government
,
Valerius
Publicola
with
Junius
Brutus
his
Colleague
auspiciously
began
the
Office
of
Consulship
.
The
same
person
having
afterwards
born
three
Consulships
to
the
great
content
of
the
People
,
and
by
many
and
most
renowned
Actions
having
enlarged
the
Grandeur
of
his
Nobility
:
And
yet
this
great
Pillar
of
History
died
,
not
leaving
a
Patrimony
sufficient
for
the
expences
of
his
Funeral
,
which
were
therefore
defray'd
at
the
Publick
charge
.
It
imports
not
to
make
any
farther
search
into
the
Poverty
of
so
great
a
Person
,
for
it
is
apparent
what
he
possessed
when
he
lived
,
though
being
dead
he
wanted
both
a
Bier
and
Funeral-Pile
.
2.
We
may
well
guess
how
high
in
Dignity
Agrippa
Menenius
was
,
whom
the
Senate
and
People
chose
Arbitrator
of
their
differences
,
and
to
make
peace
between
um
.
For
how
great
ought
he
to
be
,
who
was
Umpire
of
the
publick
Safety
?
This
man
,
unless
the
People
had
gathered
among
themselves
the
sixth
part
of
a
Penny
to
make
up
the
Sum
,
could
not
have
defrayed
his
meer
Funeral-Expences
,
dying
so
poor
that
he
wanted
for
the
decency
of
Burial
;
and
therefore
the
City
divided
by
pernicious
Sedition
,
were
content
to
be
reconcile
by
the
Ghosts
of
Agrippa
,
who
though
they
were
poor
,
yet
they
had
observed
them
to
be
religiously
sincere
.
Who
as
he
had
nothing
while
he
lived
that
could
be
publikly
taxed
,
yet
being
deceas'd
had
the
Concord
and
Unity
of
the
City
for
his
Patrimony
.
3.
I
cannot
deny
but
that
there
was
Silver
in
the
Houses
of
Caius
Fabricius
and
Q.
Emilius
Papus
,
the
most
principal
men
of
their
times
.
But
Fabricius
seem'd
the
more
prodigal
,
because
he
had
a
Horn-foot
to
his
Drinking-cup
.
But
Papus
seem'd
more
head-strong
,
who
having
received
his
Goods
as
hereditary
,
would
not
alienate
them
for
religions
sake
.
4.
They
were
also
certainly
very
rich
who
were
call'd
from
the
Plough
to
be
made
Consuls
s
for
pleasures
sake
they
plough'd
the
sandy
and
barren
Soil
of
Pupinia
,
and
ignorant
of
delicacy
scatter'd
those
vast
clods
with
c
ntinued
sweat
and
labour
;
so
that
those
whom
the
dangers
of
the
Common
wealth
call'd
to
be
Emperours
and
Generals
,
their
want
at
home
(
for
why
should
truth
conceal
a
Sirname
?
)
compell'd
to
follow
the
call
of
Cowherds
.
5.
They
who
were
sent
by
the
Senate
to
call
Atilius
to
undertake
the
Government
of
the
Roman
People
,
found
him
sowing
in
his
Garden
;
but
those
hands
,
hardned
with
Countrey-labour
,
establih'd
the
safety
of
the
Common-wealth
,
and
defeated
mighty
Armies
of
the
Enemies
;
and
those
hands
that
lately
held
the
Plough
,
now
hold
the
reins
of
the
Triumphant
Chariot
:
Nor
was
he
asham'd
,
when
he
had
laid
down
his
Ebony
Staff
,
to
return
again
to
the
Plough
Tail
.
Well
may
Atilius
comfort
the
Poor
,
but
much
more
instruct
the
Rich
,
how
little
the
troublesome
care
of
gathering
Riches
,
advantages
the
true
desire
of
purchasing
solid
Honour
.
6.
Of
the
same
name
and
blood
,
Atilius
Regulas
,
the
greatest
glory
and
the
greatest
calamity
of
the
Punic
War
,
when
he
had
ruin'd
the
wealth
of
the
most
insolent
Carthaginian
by
the
success
of
many
Victories
,
and
understood
that
his
authority
was
continued
for
the
next
year
,
upon
consideration
of
his
worthy
deeds
;
he
wrote
to
the
Consuls
,
that
his
Bayly
of
his
little
Farm
that
he
had
in
the
Countrey
of
Popinia
was
dead
,
and
that
one
that
he
had
hired
was
gone
away
with
his
Utensils
of
Agriculture
,
and
therefore
desired
that
a
Successour
might
be
sent
him
,
lest
his
land
lying
untill'd
,
his
Wife
and
Children
should
want
Bread
.
Which
when
the
Consuls
had
related
to
the
Senate
,
they
caus'd
his
ground
to
be
let
,
and
setled
a
Livelihood
upon
his
Wife
and
Children
,
and
ordered
those
things
that
he
had
lost
to
be
redeem'd
.
Such
was
the
Example
of
Atilius's
vertue
to
our
Treasury
,
that
every
Age
will
boast
of
among
the
Romans
.
7.
Equally
large
were
the
Farms
of
L.
Quinctius
Cincinnatus
:
For
he
possessed
only
seven
Acres
of
Land
;
and
of
these
he
had
lost
three
,
forfeited
for
a
Fine
,
being
bound
to
the
Treasury
;
and
with
the
rest
of
this
little
Land
he
paid
another
Forfeiture
for
his
Son
Caeso
,
for
not
appearing
when
he
was
call'd
to
answer
the
Law
.
And
yet
when
he
was
ploughing
only
four
Acres
of
this
Land
,
he
not
only
upheld
the
dignity
of
his
Family
,
but
had
the
Dictatorship
confetr'd
upon
him
.
He
accompts
himself
to
live
splendidly
now
,
whose
House
stands
upon
as
much
ground
as
all
Cincinnatus
Farm
contain'd
.
8.
What
shall
I
say
of
the
Aelian
Family
?
How
rich
were
they
?
There
were
Sixteen
of
that
name
,
whose
little
Cottage
stood
where
now
the
Marian
Monuments
stand
,
and
a
small
Farm
in
the
Countrey
of
the
Veii
,
that
needed
fewer
men
to
till
it
than
it
had
Owners
;
and
in
the
Parishes
call'd
Maximus
and
Flaminia
they
had
the
ground
where
the
Theater
stood
bestowed
upon
them
for
their
vertue
by
the
Publick
.
9.
That
Family
had
not
one
scruple
of
Silver
,
before
that
Paulus
,
after
he
had
utterly
defeated
Perses
,
gave
to
Aelius
Tubero
,
his
Son-in-Law
,
five
Pound
weight
of
Gold
,
out
of
the
Spoils
that
were
taken
.
I
omit
,
that
the
chief
person
of
the
City
gave
his
Daughter
in
marriage
to
one
whose
Family
and
Estate
was
so
exceeding
low
.
And
he
himself
died
so
very
poor
,
that
unless
he
had
sold
one
Farm
which
he
had
left
,
there
had
not
been
sufficient
for
the
Dowry
of
his
Wife
.
The
minds
of
Men
and
Women
were
then
most
noble
in
the
City
,
and
the
worth
of
every
Man
was
then
in
all
things
weighed
against
his
Goods
and
Estate
.
For
every
one
made
it
his
business
to
serve
his
Country
,
not
himself
:
And
they
rather
chose
poverty
in
a
rich
Empire
,
than
riches
in
a
poor
Empire
.
And
to
this
noble
resolution
that
reward
was
given
,
that
it
was
not
lawful
to
buy
any
of
those
things
which
were
due
to
Vertue
;
and
the
wants
of
Illustrious
Men
were
supply'd
out
of
the
publick
Stock
.
10.
And
therefore
,
when
Cneus
Scipio
had
written
out
of
Spain
to
the
Senate
,
desiring
that
a
successor
might
be
sent
him
,
for
that
he
had
a
daughter
now
fit
for
marriage
,
and
that
no
portion
could
be
provided
for
her
,
without
he
were
present
:
The
Senate
,
lest
the
Commonwealth
should
loose
a
good
Captain
,
performed
the
office
of
a
Father
,
and
having
with
the
advice
of
his
Wife
and
Relations
agreed
upon
the
Portion
,
caused
it
to
be
paid
out
of
the
publick
Treasury
.
The
Portion
was
two
thousand
pieces
of
brass
mony
:
whereby
not
only
appears
the
kindness
of
the
Conscript
Fathers
,
but
the
usual
measure
of
the
ancient
Estates
may
be
guessed
at
.
For
they
were
so
small
,
that
Tatia
the
daughter
of
Cato
was
said
to
have
brought
her
Husband
an
exceeding
Portion
,
when
she
brought
him
ten
thousand
pieces
of
brass
mony
.
And
Megullia
,
that
entred
her
husbands
house
with
fifty
thousand
pieces
of
brass
mony
,
was
called
for
that
reason
,
the
Maid
with
the
Portion
.
And
therefore
the
Senate
vindicated
the
daughters
of
Fabricius
Luscinus
,
and
Scipio
,
from
being
portionless
,
by
their
own
Liberality
,
seeing
their
Parents
had
nothing
to
give
them
but
their
wealthy
honours
.
11.
What
inheritance
M.
Scaurus
received
from
his
Father
,
he
himself
relates
in
the
first
Book
that
he
hath
wrote
concerning
his
Life
.
For
,
saith
he
,
he
had
but
ten
Slaves
,
and
the
whole
value
ef
his
Estate
,
was
but
thirty
five
thousand
pieces
of
mony
.
These
Examples
therefore
we
ought
to
regard
,
and
quiet
our
minds
with
the
Consolation
thereof
,
who
are
always
complaining
of
the
scantiness
of
our
own
Fortunes
.
We
find
no
Silver
,
or
a
very
small
quantity
,
few
Servants
,
seven
Acres
of
barren
Land
,
domestick
Indigency
,
Funeral
expences
publickly
defray'd
,
Daughters
without
Portions
:
But
we
behold
famous
Consulships
,
wonderful
Dictatorships
,
and
innumerable
Triumphs
.
Why
do
we
therefore
with
continual
reproaches
torment
a
mean
Fortune
,
as
the
chief
evil
of
human
kind
?
Who
though
with
not
superfluously
flowing
,
yet
with
faithful
breasts
,
nourished
the
Poplicolae
,
the
Emilii
,
the
Fabricii
,
the
Curii
,
the
Scipio's
,
the
Scauri
,
and
all
those
other
supports
of
Vertue
equal
to
these
.
Let
us
rather
pull
up
our
spirits
,
and
comfort
our
minds
,
debilitated
with
the
sight
of
mony
,
with
the
memory
of
former
times
.
CHAP.
I.
Of
Bashfulness
,
or
Modesty
.
-
1.
Of
the
people
of
Rome
.
-
2.
C.
Terentius
Varro
Cos
.
-
3.
C.
Cicereius
Candidate
.
-
4.
L.
Licinius
Crassus
Candidate
.
-
5.
Pompey
the
Great
.
-
6.
C.
Julius
Caesar
Dict.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
Spurina
the
Hetrurian
.
-
2.
The
Spartan
Embassadors
.
FRom
whence
it
seems
seasasonable
to
pass
away
to
Bashfulness
:
for
this
instructed
the
most
just
men
to
neglect
their
own
private
Estates
,
and
to
have
regard
only
to
the
publick
.
A
vertue
worthy
,
that
to
her
should
be
Temples
rear'd
and
consecrated
,
as
to
a
Celestial
Numen
;
as
being
the
Parent
of
all
good
Counsel
,
the
Guardianess
of
the
most
solemn
Offices
,
the
Mistress
of
Innocency
;
dear
to
her
own
,
acceptable
to
Strangers
,
and
in
all
places
,
and
at
all
times
,
carrying
a
favourable
Aspect
.
1.
But
that
we
may
return
from
the
praises
to
the
actions
thereof
,
from
the
first
building
of
the
City
,
to
the
time
that
Africanus
and
T.
Longus
were
Consuls
,
the
Senate
and
People
sate
at
the
beholding
all
Spectacles
and
shews
promiscuously
together
:
yet
not
one
of
the
people
would
venture
to
take
place
before
any
of
the
Senate
.
So
circumspect
was
the
modesty
of
our
Citizens
;
a
most
certain
experiment
whereof
appear'd
on
that
day
,
when
T.
Flaminius
being
by
the
Censor
removed
from
the
Senate
,
was
contented
to
stand
in
the
hindermost
part
of
the
Theater
,
though
he
had
been
Consul
,
and
was
the
brother
of
Flaminius
the
Vanquisher
of
Philip
King
of
Macedon
.
Which
the
people
no
sooner
beheld
,
but
they
compelled
him
to
take
that
place
which
his
Dignity
required
.
2.
Terentius
Varro
gave
a
great
wound
to
the
Commonwealth
,
by
his
rash
giving
battle
at
Cannae
.
Yet
by
his
refusing
to
take
upon
him
the
Dictatorship
,
which
after
that
was
decreed
him
by
the
full
consent
of
the
Senate
and
People
;
by
his
bashful
modesty
,
made
satisfaction
for
the
fault
of
a
most
fatal
overthrow
:
and
through
his
modest
behaviour
,
made
men
impute
the
publick
Calamity
,
not
to
him
,
but
to
the
anger
of
the
Gods
.
3.
Let
us
behold
a
more
famous
piece
of
Modesty
,
Fortune
,
not
without
great
envy
,
had
brought
Cn.
Scipio
,
the
son
of
the
elder
Africanus
,
together
with
Cicereius
the
Scribe
,
into
the
Common
Hall
for
Election
of
Pretors
;
and
very
much
reprehended
he
was
,
that
he
had
abused
the
Nobility
and
authority
of
so
great
a
person
,
by
appearing
at
such
an
Assembly
.
But
Cicereius
turned
his
crime
to
his
praise
.
For
when
he
saw
himself
preferr'd
by
all
the
Centuries
before
Scipio
,
he
went
out
of
the
Temple
,
and
throwing
off
his
Candidates
Garment
,
came
in
again
and
gave
his
voice
for
Scipio
.
Being
more
willing
to
yield
the
Pretorship
to
the
memory
of
Africanus
,
than
to
Challenge
it
for
himself
.
Nor
was
the
reward
of
his
Modesty
small
;
for
though
Scipio
obtained
the
Pretorship
,
yet
Cicereius
was
more
applauded
.
4.
And
that
we
may
not
presently
leave
the
Common-Hall
,
when
L.
Crassus
stood
for
the
Consulship
,
and
was
by
all
perswaded
after
the
manner
of
the
Candidates
,
to
go
round
the
Forum
,
and
beg
the
voices
of
the
people
,
he
could
by
no
perswasions
be
induced
to
do
it
,
though
Q.
Scaevola
his
Father
in
law
,
a
most
wise
and
grave
person
,
were
present
with
him
;
whom
he
therefore
desired
to
depart
,
as
●●ne
who
proffered
his
service
in
vain
:
more
regardful
of
the
modesty
of
his
dignity
,
than
mindful
of
the
respect
of
his
white
Robe
.
5.
Pompey
the
Great
,
being
overthrown
at
the
Battle
of
Pharsalia
,
when
all
the
people
came
forth
to
meet
him
,
as
he
was
entring
into
the
City
of
Larissa
,
Go
,
said
He
,
and
perform
this
office
to
the
Victor
.
A
person
not
deserving
to
be
overcome
,
had
he
not
been
vanquished
by
Caesar
:
most
gentle
in
Calamity
;
who
because
he
could
not
use
his
authority
,
made
use
of
his
modesty
.
6.
Which
as
it
often
appear'd
most
eminent
in
Caius
Caesar
,
so
most
remarkably
at
his
death
:
For
being
assail'd
with
the
points
of
many
parracidical
weapons
,
when
his
divine
Soul
was
separated
from
his
mortal
Body
,
could
not
be
frighted
,
after
he
had
received
above
twenty
three
wounds
,
from
his
obedience
to
Modesty
.
For
he
let
down
the
lower
part
of
his
Gown
with
both
hands
,
that
he
might
fall
with
the
lower
part
of
his
Body
covered
.
In
this
manner
not
men
,
but
the
Immortal
Gods
,
recover
their
own
habitations
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
That
which
follows
,
I
will
ascribe
to
Forraigners
,
as
happening
before
any
City
was
given
to
Hetruria
.
There
was
in
that
Country
one
Spurina
,
a
young
man
of
surpassing
beauty
;
whose
lovely
aspect
,
alluring
the
eyes
of
the
most
Illustrious
Ladies
,
and
who
therefore
believing
himself
to
be
suspected
of
unchastity
by
the
Husbands
and
Parents
of
those
women
;
with
many
wounds
gash'd
and
spoyl'd
the
beauty
of
his
Countenance
;
choosing
rather
deformity
for
the
Guardian
of
his
fidelity
,
than
that
his
beauty
should
be
the
Incitement
of
others
Lust
.
2.
At
Athens
,
a
very
aged
person
coming
into
the
Theater
,
when
there
were
none
that
would
rise
to
give
him
place
,
he
came
at
length
where
sate
the
Embassadors
of
the
Lacedemonians
.
Who
being
moved
with
the
age
of
the
person
,
not
only
by
rising
up
shew'd
their
reverence
to
his
aged
years
,
but
also
gave
him
leave
to
sit
in
the
most
honourable
place
among
them
.
Which
when
the
people
beheld
,
with
great
applause
they
approved
the
modesty
of
a
Forraign
City
:
And
it
is
reported
that
one
of
the
Embassadors
should
say
,
That
the
Athenians
knew
what
was
well
done
,
but
neglected
to
do
it
themselves
.
CHAP.
VI.
Of
Conjugal
Love
.
Among
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
T.
Gracchus
the
Elder
.
-
2.
C.
Plautius
Numidian
.
-
3.
M.
Plautius
.
-
4.
Julia
the
Daughter
of
Caesar
.
-
5.
Porcia
the
Daughter
of
M.
Cato
.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
Artemisia
wife
of
Mausolus
.
-
2.
Hipsicratea
,
Daughter
of
Mithridates
.
-
3.
Lacaena
.
Of
the
Family
of
the
Minye
.
FRom
a
gentle
and
mild
Affection
,
I
will
proceed
to
another
as
equally
honest
,
yet
somewhat
more
fervent
,
and
of
a
more
vehement
Nature
;
and
offer
not
without
greatest
Veneration
,
as
it
were
certain
Images
of
lawful
love
,
to
the
Contemplation
of
the
Reader
,
effectually
relating
the
actions
of
established
and
firm
fidelity
between
married
people
,
difficult
to
imitate
,
but
profitable
to
be
known
:
seeing
that
when
a
man
knows
the
most
excellent
Examples
,
it
will
be
a
shame
to
him
to
follow
the
meanest
.
1.
Titus
Gracchus
having
caught
two
snakes
in
his
own
house
,
a
Male
and
Female
;
and
being
told
by
the
Soothsayer
,
that
if
he
let
go
the
Male
,
it
portended
the
death
of
his
Wife
;
if
he
let
go
the
Female
,
his
own
suddain
decease
;
following
that
part
of
the
prediction
that
portended
his
own
,
rather
than
the
death
of
his
Wife
,
he
caused
the
Female
Snake
to
be
let
go
;
and
was
so
hardy
as
to
behold
his
own
destruction
in
the
death
of
the
Snake
kill'd
before
his
face
.
And
therefore
I
cannot
determine
whether
Cornelia
were
more
happy
that
she
had
such
a
Husband
,
or
more
miserable
in
his
loss
.
O
Admetus
,
cruel
king
of
Thessalia
,
and
by
a
great
Judg
condemned
of
an
unpardonable
crime
!
who
wert
so
content
to
change
thy
own
life
for
the
death
of
thy
Wife
,
and
couldst
enjoy
the
comfort
of
this
light
,
after
she
had
voluntarily
submitted
to
dye
,
only
to
prolong
thy
days
:
having
a
heart
inferior
to
a
womans
,
before
thou
hadst
tryed
the
indulgence
of
thy
parents
.
2.
A
meaner
Victime
to
Misfortune
than
T.
Gracchus
,
though
of
the
Senatorian
order
,
was
C.
Plancius
the
Numidian
,
yet
as
to
affection
of
the
same
nature
,
equal
to
him
in
affection
.
For
hearing
news
of
the
death
of
his
Wife
,
impatient
of
grief
,
he
stab'd
himself
with
his
Sword
;
but
by
the
timely
coming
in
of
his
Servants
being
hindred
from
executing
his
purpose
,
and
the
wound
being
dressed
and
bound
up
,
he
no
sooner
found
his
oportunity
,
but
cutting
his
Swathes
,
and
tearing
open
the
wound
again
,
he
would
not
endure
his
soul
opprest
with
grief
to
remain
in
his
Bowels
:
Testifying
by
the
violence
of
his
death
,
what
a
Conjugal
flame
he
had
shut
up
in
his
brest
.
3.
As
of
the
same
name
,
so
endued
with
the
same
love
,
was
M.
Plautius
.
Who
being
commanded
to
return
with
the
Confederate
Navy
into
Asia
,
and
putting
into
Brundusium
,
whither
his
Wife
Orestella
coming
to
visit
him
,
fell
sick
and
dyed
:
after
she
was
laid
upon
the
Funeral
pile
,
betwixt
the
last
duties
of
anointing
and
kissing
her
,
he
fell
upon
his
naked
Sword
:
whom
his
friends
,
as
he
was
in
his
Military
Coat
,
and
Booted
,
laid
by
his
Wife
.
Whole
Monument
is
yet
to
be
seen
at
Tarentum
,
with
this
Inscription
,
THE
LOVERS
TOMB
.
And
it
is
not
to
be
question'd
,
but
that
if
there
were
any
sence
left
in
departed
Souls
,
that
they
enter'd
Elysium
joyful
of
each
others
company
.
4.
The
same
Affection
is
noted
in
Julia
,
the
daughter
of
C.
Caesar
.
Who
when
she
saw
the
Garment
of
her
Husband
Pompey
the
Great
brought
home
sprinkled
with
Blood
from
the
Common-Hall
where
the
Aedils
were
chosen
,
swounded
away
,
and
with
the
suddainness
of
the
fright
miscarried
;
and
presently
expired
,
to
the
great
detriment
of
the
whole
world
:
Whose
tranquillity
had
not
been
disturb'd
with
so
severe
a
fury
of
so
many
Civil
Wars
,
if
the
Amity
of
Caesar
and
Pompey
had
remained
link'd
with
the
Bonds
of
common
Affinity
.
5.
All
Ages
will
also
with
due
admiration
reverence
thy
most
chast
fires
,
O
Porcia
,
Daughter
of
Marcus
Cato
,
who
understanding
that
her
Husband
Brutus
was
overthrown
and
slain
at
the
Battle
of
Philippi
not
having
a
weapon
ready
,
didst
swallow
burning
Coals
,
thy
feminine
Soul
imitating
the
masculine
Death
of
thy
Countries
welfare
.
FORRAIGN
.
1.
There
are
some
Forraign
Amours
just
and
honest
,
not
shadow'd
nor
obscur'd
with
the
vail
of
Ignorance
,
of
which
it
will
be
sufficient
to
touch
upon
a
few
.
How
much
Artemisia
Queen
of
Caria
bewailed
the
Death
of
her
Husband
Mausolus
,
might
seem
a
light
thing
,
to
the
most
exquisite
honours
of
all
sorts
which
she
did
him
,
and
the
Magnificence
of
that
Monument
,
which
became
one
of
the
Seven
Wonders
of
the
World
.
For
why
shouldst
thou
labour
to
recount
all
those
Honours
,
or
insist
upon
the
Glory
of
that
Monument
,
when
she
her self
would
not
be
satisfied
without
being
the
living
and
breathing
Sepulchre
of
Mausolus
,
by
the
testimony
of
those
who
report
that
she
drank
up
his
Ashes
mixt
in
a
certain
drink
?
2
Hipsicratea
also
the
Queen
so
entirely
loved
Mithridates
her
Husband
,
that
she
let
go
all
the
reins
of
Affection
.
For
whose
love
she
apparell'd
her
beauty
in
Mans
Apparel
;
and
accustom'd
her self
to
manlike
Exercises
,
cutting
her
Hair
,
and
betaking
her self
to
her
Horse
and
Arms
,
that
she
might
the
more
easily
partake
of
his
labours
and
dangers
;
and
not
only
so
,
but
after
he
was
overcome
by
Pompey
,
following
him
with
an
indefatigable
Body
and
Minde
in
his
flight
through
many
rough
and
barbarous
Nations
.
Whose
faithful
society
was
a
great
comfort
and
asswagement
of
the
Misfortunes
and
Calamities
of
distressed
Mithridates
:
For
with
his
Court
and
Family
he
seem'd
to
wander
,
but
with
his
Wife
only
to
live
in
Exile
.
3.
But
why
should
I
rummage
Asia
,
why
the
immense
Solitudes
of
Barbarous
Countries
,
why
the
lurking
Holes
of
the
Pontic
Sea
?
When
Lacedemon
,
the
most
splendid
glory
of
Greece
,
lays
before
our
eyes
a
principal
Exemplar
of
Conjugal
Fidelity
,
to
be
compared
for
the
wonder
of
the
action
with
the
most
and
greatest
Miracles
of
that
City
.
4.
The
Minyans
setled
in
the
Island
of
Lemnos
,
and
drawing
their
Original
from
the
antient
Companions
of
Jason
,
through
success
of
time
expell'd
by
the
Pelasgi
,
wanting
the
wealth
of
others
,
seated
themselves
in
the
high
Taygetan
Mountains
:
whom
at
length
the
Spartans
entertained
,
as
descended
from
the
Tyndaridae
,
which
noble
pair
of
Brothers
had
displayed
their
splendour
in
that
renowned
Ship
translated
to
the
Stars
;
and
thus
mingled
among
them
,
they
enjoyed
the
same
Laws
and
Priviledges
.
But
this
good
turn
they
turned
to
the
injury
of
the
well
deserving
City
,
affecting
the
Kingdome
,
and
therefore
committed
to
the
publick
Prison
,
they
were
reserv'd
for
publick
punishment
.
Which
when
they
were
to
suffer
,
according
to
the
Custome
of
the
Lacedaemonians
in
the
Night-time
,
their
Wives
,
of
noble
Race
,
desiring
leave
of
the
Keepers
to
take
leave
of
their
dying
Husbands
,
entred
the
Prison
,
and
changing
their
Habits
,
gave
their
Husbands
liberty
,
having
covered
their
Faces
under
pretenc
of
sorrow
,
to
depart
.
Now
what
shall
I
adde
more
in
this
place
,
but
that
they
were
Wives
worthy
for
the
Minyans
to
marry
?
CHAP.
VII
.
Of
the
Bond
of
Friendship
.
Among
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
T.
Sempronius
Gracchus
with
C.
Blosius
.
-
2.
Sempronius
Gracchus
with
Pomponius
and
Lucretius
.
-
3.
Lucius
Rheginus
with
Servilius
Caepio
.
-
4.
T.
Volumnius
with
M.
Lucullus
.
-
5.
Lucius
Petronius
with
P.
Caelius
.
-
6.
Servius
Terentius
with
D.
Brutus
.
-
7.
C.
Laelius
with
Scipio
,
and
M.
Agrippa
with
Augustus
.
FORRAINERS
.
-
1.
Damon
and
Pythias
.
-
2.
Alexander
the
Great
with
Ephestion
.
LEt
us
now
consider
the
Bond
of
Friendship
,
potent
and
mighty
,
and
no
way
inferiour
to
the
strength
and
force
of
the
Blood
.
In
this
more
certain
and
demonstrable
,
that
this
the
chance
of
birth
a
fortuitous
work
produces
;
the
other
the
uncompell'd
Will
contracts
,
upon
grounds
and
reasons
of
solid
judgment
.
And
therefore
it
is
an
easier
thing
,
and
less
subject
to
reprehension
,
to
slight
a
Kinsman
than
a
Friend
.
For
the
one
betokens
a
wicked
ingratefull
disposition
,
the
other
only
a
levity
of
minde
.
For
when
the
life
of
man
lies
as
it
were
in
a
solitude
,
without
the
guard
of
Friendship
,
so
necessary
an
assistance
ought
not
unadvisedly
to
be
chosen
,
but
being
once
approved
,
ought
not
in
any
measure
to
be
despised
.
But
the
most
sincere
Friendship
always
appears
in
Adversity
;
where
whatever
good
offices
are
performed
,
proceed
from
a
constant
kindness
and
affection
.
The
adoration
of
Felicity
,
being
to
be
attributed
more
to
Flattery
than
Love
,
is
full
o●
Suspicion
,
and
still
desires
more
than
it
expends
.
For
men
of
unshaken
fortunes
more
desire
friends
,
either
for
a
guard
,
or
for
their
society
.
For
affairs
that
go
well
and
prosperously
,
as
being
favour'd
with
heavenly
Success
,
have
the
less
need
of
other
assistance
.
And
therefore
their
Memories
have
lasted
longer
in
the
Book
of
Memoires
,
who
have
deserted
their
Friends
in
Adversity
,
than
theirs
who
have
only
been
the
Companions
of
Prosperity
.
No
man
talks
of
the
familiars
of
Sardanapalus
.
Orestes
is
better
known
by
his
friend
Pylades
,
than
by
Agamemnon
his
Father
.
For
the
Friendship
of
the
one
consum'd
away
in
the
participation
of
Luxury
and
Delight
;
but
the
mutual
Society
of
the
other
,
in
a
sad
and
hard
condition
,
grew
famous
by
the
trial
of
their
Miseries
.
But
why
do
I
mention
Forreigners
,
having
first
to
do
with
our
own
Countrymen
?
1.
T.
Gracchus
was
esteem'd
to
have
been
an
Enemy
to
his
Countrey
,
and
not
undeservedly
;
because
he
preferr'd
his
own
Authority
before
the
Welfare
thereof
.
Yet
in
this
evil
designe
of
his
,
how
faithful
a
Friend
he
had
of
C.
Blosius
of
Cumae
,
will
be
worth
our
while
to
relate
.
An
adjudged
Enemy
,
suffering
the
highest
Punishment
,
not
permitted
the
honour
of
Burial
,
wanted
not
however
his
kindness
.
For
when
the
Senate
commanded
Rupilius
and
Laenax
the
Consuls
to
proceed
again●●
all
those
that
had
been
partakers
with
Gracchus
,
and
that
Blosius
presented
himself
before
Laelius
,
to
beg
pardon
for
himself
,
urging
his
familiarity
with
Gracchus
for
an
excuse
;
when
Laelius
demanded
of
him
,
whether
if
Gracchus
had
commanded
him
to
set
fire
on
the
Temple
of
Jupiter
,
would
be
have
done
it
?
That
,
said
he
,
Gracchus
had
never
commanded
:
He
had
done
enough
and
more
,
for
he
ventur'd
to
defend
those
Customes
which
the
Senate
condemn'd
.
But
that
which
follows
was
much
more
confident
and
more
dangerous
;
for
being
still
prest
by
Laelius
to
make
an
answer
to
his
question
,
he
resolutely
persisted
,
affirming
,
that
if
Gracchus
had
commanded
him
to
burn
the
Temple
,
he
would
have
done
it
.
Who
could
have
thought
he
had
been
so
wicked
,
had
he
held
his
peace
?
Who
would
not
have
accounted
him
wise
,
had
he
been
less
free
in
his
speech
,
considering
the
necessity
of
the
time
?
But
Blosius
neither
with
an
honest
Silence
,
nor
with
a
prudent
Answer
cared
to
preserve
himself
,
lest
he
should
be
thought
to
have
silenced
the
memory
of
his
unhappy
Friendship
.
2.
In
the
same
Family
equally
prevalent
Examples
of
Friendship
arise
.
For
when
all
the
Designes
and
Counsels
of
Gracchus
were
utterly
defeated
,
and
all
his
Conspiracy
brought
to
light
;
being
deserted
of
all
assistance
,
only
his
two
friends
Pomponius
and
Laetorius
,
by
interposing
their
own
bodies
,
covered
him
from
the
Darts
that
fell
round
about
him
.
And
of
these
two
,
Pomponius
,
that
he
might
more
easily
escape
,
withstood
a
whole
body
of
Souldiers
that
eagerly
pursued
him
at
the
thrice-double
Gate
;
nor
could
he
be
moved
while
he
lived
,
till
at
length
having
received
many
Wounds
,
he
fell
,
and
(
though
I
am
apt
to
believe
unwillingly
)
was
forced
to
permit
them
passage
over
his
dead
Carcass
.
Laetorius
made
a
stand
upon
the
Sub●ician
Bridge
,
and
till
Gracchus
was
pass'd
over
ma●●tain'd
it
with
the
heat
of
his
Courage
,
till
at
length
overpowr'd
with
the
multitude
,
turning
his
sword
upon
himself
,
he
made
a
nimble
jump
into
Tiber
,
and
so
perisht
,
shewing
that
kindness
to
the
friendship
of
one
person
by
his
voluntary
death
,
which
Horatius
Cocles
,
in
the
same
place
,
had
shewn
to
his
whole
Country
.
What
renowned
Souldiers
might
the
Gracchi
have
had
,
would
they
have
followed
the
courses
which
their
Fathers
or
Mothers
Father
had
done
?
With
what
a
couragious
fury
might
Blosius
,
Pomponius
and
Laetorius
have
assisted
them
in
the
gaining
Trophies
and
Triumphs
,
the
stout
Associates
of
such
furious
enterprizes
!
and
taking
part
with
an
inauspicious
friendship
:
but
by
how
much
the
more
miserable
,
by
so
much
are
they
the
more
certain
examples
of
a
generous
fidelity
.
3.
But
L.
Rheginus
,
if
you
examine
him
as
to
his
sincerity
due
to
the
publick
,
was
much
to
be
blam'd
by
Posterity
;
If
you
look
upon
the
faithful
pledg
of
his
fidelity
,
we
are
to
leave
him
in
the
safe
harbour
of
an
applauded
Conscience
.
Who
when
Caepio
Tribune
of
the
people
was
thrown
into
Prison
,
by
reason
that
through
his
fault
our
Army
was
defeated
by
the
Cimbrians
and
Teutons
,
remembring
the
ancient
friendship
between
them
,
set
him
at
liberty
;
and
not
content
to
have
shewn
himself
so
much
a
friend
,
accompanied
him
also
in
his
flight
.
O
great
and
most
invincible
Numen
friendship
;
when
the
Common-wealth
had
seiz'd
with
one
hand
,
to
pull
him
out
of
the
other
with
thy
own
arm
!
and
when
she
requires
thee
to
be
real
,
thou
confin'st
thy self
to
banishment
.
So
gentle
is
thy
Dominion
,
to
make
men
prefer
punishment
before
honour
.
4.
Wonderful
was
this
thy
work
,
but
more
praise-worthy
that
which
follows
.
For
call
to
mind
,
how
thou
hast
celebrated
the
constant
love
of
T.
Volumnius
to
his
friend
without
any
dammage
to
the
Common-wealth
;
who
being
by
descent
of
the
order
of
Knighthood
,
and
having
an
entire
kindness
for
M.
Lucul●us
,
whom
M.
Antony
slew
for
taking
part
with
Brutus
and
Cassius
,
having
full
Liberty
to
fly
,
he
stuck
close
to
his
dead
friend
;
giving
himself
so
much
over
to
tears
and
Lamentations
,
that
by
his
extream
D●votion
to
his
friend
,
he
was
the
cause
of
his
own
death
.
For
by
reason
of
his
continued
and
constant
sorrow
,
he
was
carried
before
Antony
:
and
standing
before
him
,
Command
me
,
said
he
,
O
Emperour
,
to
be
carried
back
to
the
body
of
Lucullus
,
and
there
slain
.
For
he
being
dead
,
I
ought
not
to
stay
behind
,
being
my self
the
Author
of
his
unhappy
going
to
war
.
What
more
faithful
than
so
much
love
?
He
sought
to
ease
his
sorrow
for
his
fri●nds
death
,
by
the
hatred
of
his
Enemy
;
to
render
him
more
miserable
,
making
himself
more
envy'd
.
Nor
were
Antonies
Ears
shut
:
for
being
led
where
he
desired
,
having
kiss'd
the
dead
body
of
Lucullus
,
and
●mbrac'd
his
sever'd
head
,
being
lifted
up
to
his
breast
,
he
laid
down
his
own
neck
to
receive
the
Victors
blow
.
Let
Greece
now
boast
of
Theseus
yielding
to
the
unlawful
love
of
Pirithous
,
and
for
his
sake
entring
into
the
Dominions
of
Father
Dis.
They
are
vain
that
relate
it
,
fools
that
believe
it
.
To
see
the
mingled
blood
of
friends
,
wounds
sticking
upon
wounds
,
and
death
sticking
upon
death
,
these
are
the
true
signs
of
Roman
friendship
;
those
,
the
stories
of
a
people
accust●med
to
fain
ridiculous
wonders
.
5.
L.
Petronius
also
claims
to
be
a
par●aker
in
this
praise
.
He
by
the
favour
of
Caelius
,
being
of
a
very
mean
Extraction
,
came
to
be
advanc'd
into
the
order
of
Knights
,
and
had
very
considerable
military
imployments
beside
.
For
which
,
because
he
could
not
pay
his
thanks
when
Caelius
was
in
prosperity
,
he
shew'd
himself
nobly
grateful
to
him
in
his
adversity
.
Caelius
was
made
Governour
of
Placentia
,
by
Octavius
t●e
Consul
:
Who
after
the
Town
was
taken
by
Cinna's
Army
,
being
old
and
sickly
,
and
fearing
to
fall
into
the
hands
of
the
Enemy
,
resolved
to
dye
by
Petronius's
hand
;
who
finding
that
he
could
by
no
perswasions
change
his
resolution
,
according
to
his
desire
kill'd
him
first
,
and
th●n
joyned
his
own
death
to
his
;
that
he
might
not
sup●rvive
him
,
by
whom
he
had
attained
to
all
his
Honour
.
So
that
Magnanimity
occasioned
the
Death
of
the
one
,
Piety
the
●all
of
the
other
.
6.
We
are
to
joyn
Ser.
Terentius
with
Petronius
,
though
it
fell
out
that
he
did
not
dye
for
his
friend
,
as
was
his
desire
.
For
a
noble
In●●ntion
is
not
to
be
valued
by
the
issuel●ss
Event
.
For
he
was
slain
as
much
as
in
him
lay
,
and
Brutus
escaped
the
danger
;
who
flying
from
Mutina
,
and
receiving
intelligence
of
certain
Souldiers
sent
by
Antonius
to
●ill
him
,
endeavoured
in
a
certain
place
,
by
the
benefit
of
the
Night
,
to
steal
that
Life
of
his
which
deserv
d
just
Punishment
.
There
Terentius
assayling
to
break
through
with
a
faithful
Lye
,
favoured
by
Darkness
it self
,
feigned
himself
to
be
Brutus
,
o●f●ring
his
Body
to
the
fury
of
the
Souldiers
.
But
being
known
by
Furius
,
whose
charge
it
was
to
execute
the
office
of
revenge
,
he
could
not
hinder
the
punishment
of
his
friend
by
his
own
death
.
So
that
against
his
will
he
was
comp●ll'd
by
fortune
to
live
.
7.
From
this
dreadful
and
horrid
face
of
Friendship
,
let
us
d●gress
to
the
more
s●rene
and
placid
countenance
of
Affection
.
And
having
brought
it
forth
where
all
things
are
full
of
Tears
,
Lamentation
and
Slaughter
,
let
us
place
it
in
the
Palace
of
Prosperity
,
shining
with
Beauty
,
Honour
,
and
abounding
Wealth
.
Come
forth
therefore
from
those
Seats
that
are
believed
to
be
consecrated
to
the
Shades
of
the
Blessed
,
here
Decimus
Lelius
,
there
M.
Agrippa
,
having
wisely
and
prosperously
chosen
the
one
the
greatest
Friend
of
the
Gods
,
the
other
of
Men
;
and
bring
along
with
thee
the
whole
Society
,
which
under
your
Conduct
,
laden
with
Praises
and
Rewards
,
receive
the
venerable
Stipends
of
sincere
Fidelity
:
For
succeeding
Ages
beholding
your
constant
Minds
,
your
stout
Enterprises
,
your
inexpugnable
Taciturnity
,
your
diligent
and
watchful
care
for
the
dignity
and
safety
of
your
Friends
,
the
publick
testimonies
of
your
mutual
Love
;
and
lastly
,
the
most
plentiful
fruits
thereof
,
the
more
willingly
,
the
more
religiously
shall
be
busied
in
exercising
and
admiring
the
Laws
of
Friendship
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
My
desire
is
to
continue
still
in
the
Examples
of
my
Native
Countrey
,
but
the
candor
of
the
Roman
City
admonishes
me
to
relate
the
Gallantry
of
other
Nations
.
Damon
and
Pythias
,
instructed
in
the
sacred
Secrets
of
Pythagorean
Prudence
,
had
contracted
such
a
faithful
Friendship
between
themselves
,
that
when
Dionysius
of
Syracuse
would
have
put
one
of
them
to
Death
,
and
that
he
that
was
to
suffer
had
got
leave
to
go
home
to
his
house
,
to
settle
his
affairs
,
the
other
was
not
afraid
to
be
Surety
to
the
Tyrant
for
his
return
.
So
that
now
he
was
free
from
the
peril
of
Death
,
that
had
his
Neck
but
now
under
the
Axe
;
and
he
is
now
in
danger
,
that
was
free
before
.
And
therefore
all
people
waited
the
event
of
an
accident
so
new
and
rare
.
The
day
prefix'd
being
come
,
and
the
party
not
returning
;
and
therefore
every
one
condemning
him
of
folly
,
that
had
so
rashly
undertaken
for
the
other
;
though
he
remain'd
certain
of
the
Fidelity
of
his
Friend
:
At
the
very
Hour
and
Moment
which
Dionysius
prefixed
,
the
other
appeared
.
The
Tyrant
admiring
the
Courage
of
both
,
gave
a
full
pardon
to
so
much
Fidelity
;
farther
desiring
them
to
receive
him
into
the
Society
of
their
Friendship
,
promising
a
most
strict
observance
thereof
.
Such
is
the
power
of
Friendship
,
to
beget
contempt
of
Death
,
take
away
the
sweet
desire
of
Life
,
tame
Cruelty
,
turn
Hatred
into
Love
,
and
to
reward
Punishment
with
Kindness
:
to
which
there
is
almost
as
much
worship
due
,
as
to
the
Ceremonies
of
the
Gods
.
For
they
are
the
Links
of
publick
,
this
of
private
Safety
.
And
as
the
Temples
of
the
Gods
are
sacred
Houses
,
so
the
faithful
Breasts
of
men
are
Temples
fill'd
with
a
certain
holy
Spirit
.
2.
Which
King
Alexander
certainly
believed
to
be
a
truth
.
Who
being
possess'd
of
the
Camp
of
Darius
,
where
all
his
Relations
and
Kindred
were
,
he
came
with
Ephestion
most
of
all
belov'd
by
him
covering
his
side
,
to
speak
to
them
.
At
whose
approach
the
Mother
of
Darius
taking
heart
,
lifting
up
her
Head
as
she
lay
prostrate
upon
the
ground
,
saluted
Ephestion
,
flattering
after
the
manner
of
the
Persians
,
mistaking
him
for
Alexander
,
because
he
was
more
amiable
for
his
Stature
and
Beauty
.
But
being
made
sensible
of
her
errour
,
in
great
fear
she
sought
for
words
to
excuse
it
.
There
is
no
reason
,
replyed
Alexander
,
to
be
troubled
for
this
,
for
this
is
another
Alexander
also
.
Whom
shall
we
congratulate
?
him
that
said
it
,
or
him
that
heard
it
?
While
the
King
endued
with
a
great
Soul
,
having
already
grasp'd
the
whole
World
,
either
by
his
Victories
,
or
in
his
thoughts
,
in
so
few
words
made
so
equal
a
division
of
it
to
his
Companion
.
O
the
Gift
of
a
Royal
Tongue
,
as
fair
to
the
Receiver
as
to
the
Giver
!
Which
I
reverence
as
a
private
man
,
having
had
the
experience
of
the
Bounty
of
a
most
wise
and
renowned
person
toward
my self
.
And
I
do
not
doubt
but
it
may
become
me
to
think
my
Pompey
to
be
like
Alexander
;
while
he
will
have
his
Ephestion
to
be
another
Alexander
.
And
therefore
I
should
be
lyable
to
a
very
great
errour
,
to
pass
over
the
Example
of
constant
and
kind
Friendship
,
without
any
mention
of
him
:
in
whose
minde
,
as
in
the
breast
of
most
loving
Parents
,
my
prosperous
condition
of
Life
hath
flourish'd
,
my
Misfortunes
have
remain'd
contented
.
From
whom
I
have
received
all
increase
of
profit
freely
offer'd
;
by
whom
I
have
stood
more
firmly
against
mishap
;
who
by
his
own
prosperous
Conduct
and
good
Omens
,
hath
render'd
our
Studies
more
pleasant
and
delightful
.
And
therefore
I
fed
the
envy
of
some
with
the
loss
of
my
best
friend
,
dividing
my
kindness
,
such
as
it
was
,
to
some
that
knew
not
how
to
make
use
of
it
.
But
there
is
no
Prosperity
so
modest
,
that
can
escape
the
teeth
of
Envy
.
But
in
what
retirement
are
some
to
be
avoided
,
with
what
allurements
of
kindness
canst
thou
restrain
their
inveteracy
?
There
is
no
remedy
but
they
will
rejoyce
and
be
tickled
at
the
misfortunes
of
others
,
as
well
as
at
their
own
good
.
They
are
rich
in
the
Losses
,
wealthy
in
the
Calamities
,
immortal
in
the
Death
of
other
men
.
But
while
they
insult
over
the
miseries
of
others
,
unexperienced
in
their
own
,
let
them
have
a
care
of
the
best
revenger
of
their
Insolency
,
the
Variety
of
Human
Condition
,
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
Liberality
.
-
1.
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
.
-
2.
Paula
Busa
of
Canusium
.
-
3.
Q.
Considius
a
Roman
Knight
.
-
4.
The
People
of
Rome
to
King
Attalus
.
-
5.
The
People
of
Rome
to
the
Greek
.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
Hiero
King
of
Sicily
to
the
Romans
.
-
2.
Gillias
of
Agrigentum
to
his
fellow-Citizens
.
LEt
us
recal
our
work
,
that
had
straid
in
a
pious
Digression
,
in
exposing
our
own
discontents
,
to
its
former
course
,
and
now
take
Liberality
into
consideration
;
which
hath
two
probable
Fountains
,
true
Judgment
,
and
honest
Benevolence
.
For
when
it
springs
from
thes●
then
only
is
it
duely
founded
:
A
Gift
being
acceptable
for
its
greatness
,
but
somewhat
more
efficacious
,
when
it
is
reasonable
.
1.
Beyond
the
price
of
the
thing
,
we
find
a
most
inestimable
moment
of
an
opportunity
,
which
with
the
expence
of
a
small
sum
of
Money
rendr'd
Fabius
Maximus
highly
applauded
so
many
Ages
since
.
He
had
received
the
Captives
from
Hannibal
,
upon
a
Contract
for
so
much
Money
.
Which
when
the
Senate
would
not
stand
to
,
sending
his
Son
to
the
City
,
he
sold
the
only
Farm
which
he
had
in
the
world
,
and
presently
sent
Hannibal
the
Money
.
If
we
consider
the
Sum
,
but
small
,
as
being
the
price
but
of
seven
Acres
of
Land
,
and
those
lying
in
Pupinia
;
but
considering
the
Soul
of
the
Giver
,
a
most
large
sum
,
and
far
exceeding
the
Money
.
For
he
would
rather
want
his
Patrimony
,
than
that
his
Countrey
should
be
poor
in
Credit
.
So
much
the
more
to
be
commended
,
as
it
is
a
more
certain
signe
of
a
real
meaning
,
to
stretch
beyond
ability
,
rather
than
to
do
the
same
act
out
of
superfluity
.
For
the
one
can
do
what
he
performs
,
the
other
more
than
he
is
able
.
2.
Therefore
a
Woman
of
the
same
time
,
Busa
by
name
,
the
richest
in
the
Countrey
of
Apulia
,
won
her self
an
ample
testimony
of
Liberality
;
though
perhaps
not
so
great
,
if
we
compare
her
flowing
Riches
to
the
Poverty
of
the
Fabians
.
For
though
she
relieved
about
Ten
Thousand
of
our
Citizens
,
the
remains
of
the
Battle
of
Cannae
,
within
the
Walls
of
Canusium
,
yet
she
shewed
her self
munificent
to
the
Romans
,
without
prejudice
to
her
Estate
.
But
Fabius
for
the
good
of
his
Countrey
exchang'd
Poverty
for
Want
.
3.
We
finde
also
in
Quinctus
Considius
a
most
wholesome
Example
of
Liberality
,
not
without
some
profit
to
himself
.
Who
when
the
Fury
〈◊〉
Catiline
had
put
all
the
Commonwealth
into
such
a
tumult
,
that
the
Rich
themselves
,
the
Rents
of
Possessions
falling
,
were
not
able
to
pay
their
Creditors
;
he
having
the
Sum
of
one
Hundred
and
Fifty
Thousand
Sesterces
at
use
,
would
not
suffer
any
of
his
Debtors
to
be
call'd
upon
,
either
for
Principal
or
Interest
:
and
as
much
as
in
him
lay
,
sweetned
the
bitterness
of
publick
Confusion
by
his
own
private
Quiet
:
opportunely
testifying
,
that
he
made
profit
only
of
his
Money
,
not
of
Civil
Blood
.
Now
they
who
act
with
rigour
in
business
of
this
nature
,
when
they
carry
bloody
Money
home
,
may
hence
learn
to
know
,
with
what
an
accursed
and
impious
joy
they
rejoyce
,
if
they
do
not
loath
to
read
the
Decree
of
the
Senate
,
which
gave
Considius
publick
thanks
.
4.
Methinks
the
People
of
Rome
seem
to
complain
of
me
,
that
while
I
am
reporting
the
Munificence
of
particular
persons
,
I
am
silent
of
theirs
:
For
it
redounds
to
their
great
praise
,
that
it
should
be
reported
,
what
noble
minds
they
have
born
to
Kings
,
Cities
and
Countries
:
For
the
glory
of
all
renowned
acts
flourishes
and
revives
by
often
rehearsal
.
After
they
had
conquer'd
Asia
,
they
gave
it
as
a
Gi●t
to
King
At●alus
to
possess
;
believing
the
future
Empire
of
our
City
would
be
more
high
and
splendid
,
if
they
should
lay
up
the
rich●st
part
of
the
World
,
rather
in
the
Treasury
of
their
Gratitude
than
Profit
.
A
Gift
more
happy
than
the
Victory
it self
.
For
to
have
possess'd
much
,
might
procure
Envy
;
to
have
given
away
so
much
,
could
never
want
a
glorious
est●em
.
5.
It
is
impossible
to
praise
sufficiently
in
writing
the
divine
spirit
of
the
Roman
People
.
For
a●ter
Philip
King
of
Macedon
was
vanquish'd
,
when
all
Greece
flock'd
to
behold
the
Isthmian
Games
,
T.
Quincius
Flaminius
,
having
caus'd
silence
to
be
made
by
sound
of
Trumpet
,
commanded
a
Crier
to
proclaim
these
words
:
The
Senate
and
People
of
Rome
,
and
Q.
Flamimus
their
General
,
command
all
the
Cities
of
Greece
,
that
were
under
the
Iurisdiction
of
King
Philip
,
to
be
free
.
Which
being
heard
,
the
People
were
at
first
struck
with
a
sudden
unexpected
joy
,
and
,
not
believing
what
they
had
heard
,
were
for
a
while
silent
.
But
upon
the
second
Proclamation
of
the
Crier
,
they
fill'd
the
Skie
with
such
a
chearful
din
,
that
it
is
certainly
repor●ed
,
that
the
Bi●ds
,
which
at
that
instant
were
flying
that
way
,
●ell
down
amaz'd
and
●err●●●
d
with
the
noise
.
They
had
great
Souls
,
to
take
off
the
yoke
of
Servitude
from
the
necks
of
so
many
Captives
,
and
to
give
Liberty
to
so
many
noble
and
opulent
Cities
.
To
whose
Majesty
it
belongs
,
t●a●
not
onely
what
they
freely
give
,
but
also
their
giving
of
it
,
be
memorably
eterniz'd
.
There
being
the
celebration
of
gain'd
applause
,
here
of
applause
repeated
.
FORRAIGN
.
1.
Hiero
,
King
of
Syracuse
,
hearing
of
the
overthrow
which
the
Romans
receiv'd
at
the
Lake
of
Thrasymene
,
sent
to
Rome
three
hundred
thousand
Bushels
of
Wheat
,
two
hundred
thousand
Bushels
of
Barley
,
and
two
hundred
and
fourty
Pound
weight
of
Gold
:
And
not
being
ignorant
of
the
Modesty
of
the
Romans
in
receiving
such
Gifts
,
he
made
as
if
he
had
presented
them
a
Congratulation
of
Victory
,
that
he
might
compel
them
,
moved
by
Religion
,
to
accept
of
his
Munificence
.
Lib●ral
first
in
his
ready
will
to
send
,
and
prudent
in
taking
care
that
it
should
not
be
sent
back
.
2.
I
will
adde
to
him
Gillias
of
Agrigentum
,
who
may
be
thought
to
have
had
the
very
bowels
of
Liberality
.
He
was
potent
in
Wealth
,
but
more
wealthy
in
the
Generosity
of
his
Mind
than
in
his
Riches
;
and
always
more
busily
employed
in
spending
and
finding
waies
to
bestow
,
than
in
getting
Money
.
So
that
his
House
seem'd
to
be
a
kind
of
Shop
of
Magnificence
.
For
there
all
Monuments
●it
for
Publick
Use
were
erected
,
there
all
Plays
were
set
out
for
the
delight
of
the
People
,
there
were
all
preparations
for
Feasting
,
and
thence
the
scarcity
of
Corn
was
supplied
.
This
to
the
g●nerality
;
privately
the
Sick
were
reliev'd
,
Portions
given
to
poor
Maids
,
and
comfortable
Supplies
to
them
that
were
broken
by
Misfortune
;
Guests
and
Strangers
courteously
received
both
in
City
and
Countrey
,
and
liberally
presented
at
their
departure
.
One
time
,
among
the
rest
,
he
fed
and
clad
Five
Hundred
Gel●●●si●n
Horsemen
,
who
were
by
Tempest
forced
upon
his
Territories
.
What
more
?
You
would
have
said
he
had
no
Mortal
Bosome
,
but
the
very
Breasts
of
propitious
Fortune
herself
.
For
what
Gillias
possess'd
,
seemed
to
be
the
common
Patrimony
of
all
Men.
For
whose
Prosperity
and
increase
of
Wealth
,
not
only
the
City
of
Agrigentum
,
but
all
the
neighbouring
Regions
continually
praid
.
Place
on
the
other
side
the
Chests
of
some
shut
up
with
Locks
,
inexorable
to
all
Pity
;
do
you
not
think
this
expense
far
more
laudable
,
than
that
wary
Parsimony
?
LIB.
V.
CHAP.
I.
Of
Humanity
and
Clemency
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
The
Roman
Senate
.
-
2.
L.
Cornelius
Scipio
,
Cos.
-
3.
T.
Quinctius
C●ispinus
.
-
4.
M.
Claudius
Marcellus
,
Procos
.
-
5.
Q.
Metellus
Macedonicus
,
Proconsul
.
-
6.
P.
Scipio
Aemilianus
.
-
7.
The
Elder
Africanus
,
Procos
.
-
8.
L.
Aemilius
Paulus
Cos
.
2.
-
9.
Cn.
Pompey
the
Great
,
Procos
.
-
10.
Julius
Caesar
,
Cos.
2.
-
11.
Mark
Antony
,
Triumvir
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Alexander
the
Great
.
-
2.
Pisistratus
the
Athenian
-
3.
Pyrrhus
King
of
Epirus
.
-
4.
Antigonus
King
of
Macedon
.
-
5.
The
Campanians
.
-
6.
Hannibal
the
Carthaginian
.
WHat
better
Companions
could
I
have
found
out
for
Liberality
,
than
Humanity
and
Clemency
!
The
first
of
which
shews
it self
in
want
,
the
second
in
business
,
the
third
in
doubtful
Fortune
.
Now
when
we
know
not
which
to
esteem
best
,
yet
the
commendation
of
that
seems
to
crave
precedency
,
which
takes
its
denomination
from
the
Godhead
it self
.
1.
I
will
begin
with
the
most
humane
and
merciful
Acts
of
the
Senate
.
Who
when
the
Embassadors
of
the
Carthaginians
came
to
the
City
about
the
Redemption
of
Captives
,
immediately
without
receiving
their
Money
,
restor'd
them
above
two
thousand
seven
hundred
and
fourty
young
men
.
I
may
well
think
that
the
Ambassadours
themselves
were
amazed
to
see
such
an
Army
of
Enemies
set
at
Liberty
,
so
much
Money
despised
,
and
so
many
Carthaginian
Injuries
forgiven
,
and
that
they
thus
said
to
themselves
,
O
Munificence
equal
to
the
favour
of
the
Gods
of
the
Romans
!
and
happy
our
Embassie
beyond
our
wishes
,
For
we
have
received
a
kindness
which
we
never
deserved
.
Nor
was
this
a
smaller
testimony
of
the
Senate
,
who
when
Syphax
,
formerly
a
most
opulent
King
of
Numid●●
.
their
Captive
,
was
dead
in
the
Prison
of
Tibur
▪
order'd
him
to
be
inter'd
at
the
Publick
Expence
;
that
to
whom
they
had
given
Life
,
they
m●ght
also
adde
the
honour
of
Burial
.
The
same
Clemency
they
us'd
toward
Perseus
,
who
dying
at
Alba
where
he
was
kept
in
safe
custody
,
sent
down
a
Questor
to
bury
him
at
the
Publick
Charge
,
not
permitting
his
Royal
Reliques
to
lye
dishonour'd
.
These
things
they
perform'd
to
Enemies
and
Captives
after
their
Death
.
The
n●xt
were
their
Favours
shewn
to
their
Friends
in
prosperity
and
living
.
After
the
end
of
the
Macedonian
War
,
Musicrates
,
Massinissa's
Son
,
being
sen●
back
to
Paulus
,
with
those
Horsemen
which
which
he
●ad
brought
to
the
assistance
of
the
Romans
to
his
Fath●●
,
his
Fleet
being
scatter'd
by
Tempest
,
and
hims●lf
putting
in
sick
at
Brundusium
:
The
Senate
no
soon●●
had
news
thereof
,
but
they
sent
a
Questor
thither
,
not
only
to
defray
the
Expences
of
him
and
his
Retinue
,
but
also
to
take
care
for
the
providing
all
things
necessary
for
the
restoration
of
his
Health
;
●nd
that
they
might
not
want
Ships
to
carry
them
s●●e
and
well
into
Africa
,
they
ordered
to
be
given
to
each
Horseman
a
Pound
weight
of
Silver
,
and
to
every
Footman
f●ve
Hundred
Sesterces
.
Which
so
ready
and
compleat
Humanity
of
the
Conscript
Fathers
,
might
perhaps
have
so
far
prevail'd
upon
Massinissa
,
that
had
his
Son
died
in
the
Expedition
,
he
had
the
less
grieved
for
it
.
The
same
Senate
,
when
they
heard
that
Prusias
King
of
Bithynia
was
come
to
congratulate
their
Victory
over
Perseus
,
sent
Cornelius
Scipio
,
then
Questor
,
to
meet
him
as
far
as
Capua
:
and
ordered
that
the
best
House
in
Rome
should
be
hired
for
him
;
and
that
he
and
his
Retinue
should
be
entertain'd
at
the
Publick
Charge
.
And
indeed
in
the
reception
of
that
great
King
,
the
whole
City
seem'd
to
have
the
countenance
but
of
one
entire
Friend
.
So
that
he
,
who
came
an
entire
friend
to
our
City
,
return'd
with
a
double
affection
for
us
.
Neither
was
Egypt
ignorant
of
the
Roman
Clemency
:
For
King
Ptolomy
being
thrown
out
of
his
Kingdom
by
his
younger
Brother
,
and
coming
to
Rome
with
a
small
Attendance
,
and
in
a
mean
Habit
,
to
crave
aid
of
the
Senate
,
took
a
Lodging
in
the
house
of
an
Alexandrian
Painter
.
Which
when
the
Senate
understood
,
sending
for
the
Young
man
,
they
made
a
very
great
excuse
,
for
not
having
sent
the
Questor
to
meet
him
after
the
antient
Custome
,
and
for
not
providing
entertainment
for
him
;
as
not
happening
through
their
negligence
,
but
through
his
suddain
and
private
Entry
.
After
which
they
accompanied
him
to
a
publick
House
,
desiring
him
to
lay
by
his
mean
Habit
,
and
fix
them
a
day
to
wait
on
him
.
They
also
took
care
to
send
him
Gifts
by
the
Questor
every
day
;
and
by
these
degrees
of
kindness
advanced
him
from
Expulsion
to
the
Royal
Throne
.
So
that
he
had
more
hope
in
the
assistance
of
the
Roman
People
,
than
fear
of
his
own
Misfortune
.
2.
To
come
now
from
the
Conscript
Fathers
in
general
to
particular
Senators
;
Lucius
Cornelius
the
Consul
in
the
first
Punic
War
,
when
he
had
taken
the
City
Olbia
,
for
the
relief
of
which
Anno
Captain
of
the
Carthaginians
valiantly
fighting
was
slain
,
buried
his
Body
out
of
his
own
Tent
,
bestowing
a
noble
Funeral
upon
it
.
Nor
was
he
asham'd
to
appear
at
the
Exequies
of
an
Enemy
,
believing
that
his
Victory
would
be
the
less
envied
both
by
Gods
and
Men
,
when
there
was
so
much
of
Humanity
mix'd
with
it
.
3.
What
shall
I
say
of
Quinctius
Crispinus
,
whose
Gentleness
and
mild
Disposition
,
the
potent
Affections
of
Anger
and
Glory
could
not
disturb
?
He
had
entertain'd
with
great
civility
Badius
of
Campania
at
his
house
,
and
with
great
care
recovered
him
from
a
dangerous
Sickness
:
Who
after
the
revolt
of
the
Campanians
,
provoking
Crispinus
to
fight
with
him
at
the
head
of
the
Army
;
Crispinus
,
who
knew
himself
to
be
above
him
both
in
Strength
and
Courage
,
chose
rather
to
give
him
good
councel
than
to
overcome
him
.
What
dost
thou
go
about
to
do
,
Madman
,
said
he
?
Or
whither
do
thy
foolish
desires
carry
thee
?
Must
thou
needs
rage
with
a
publick
Impiety
,
that
art
fallen
from
private
Charity
?
Couldst
thou
finde
none
among
all
the
Romans
,
upon
whom
to
exercise
thy
villanous
arms
,
but
only
Quinctius
,
to
whose
Houshold-gods
thou
owest
both
a
return
of
honour
and
safety
?
The
League
of
Friendship
and
our
Hospitable
Gods
,
with
us
sacred
Pledges
,
though
with
you
of
no
accompt
,
will
not
suffer
me
to
combat
with
thee
.
Nay
,
if
in
the
shock
of
both
Armies
,
I
should
have
known
thee
overturned
by
the
force
of
my
Buckler
,
I
would
have
recalled
my
Sword
from
thy
Neck
.
And
therefore
it
is
thy
crime
,
that
thou
didst
intend
to
kill
a
Guest
;
but
the
Death
of
a
Guest
shall
not
be
mine
.
And
therefore
seek
out
some
body
else
for
the
courage
of
thy
right
hand
,
for
mine
has
learnt
to
save
.
But
Heaven
gave
to
both
a
deserved
Issue
;
for
Badius
was
slain
in
the
fight
,
Quinctius
valiantly
fighting
came
safe
off
with
honour
.
4.
And
now
the
Clemency
of
M.
Marcellus
,
how
famous
and
how
memorable
an
Example
ought
we
to
accompt
it
?
Who
after
he
had
taken
Syracuse
,
from
the
Castle
took
a
view
of
the
City
below
,
once
flourishing
,
now
almost
ruin'd
in
Misery
:
he
beholding
the
miserable
state
thereof
,
could
not
refrain
from
Tears
.
So
that
if
some
person
that
knew
him
not
had
beheld
him
,
he
might
have
been
thought
the
Looser
,
not
the
Victor
.
This
consolation
hadst
thou
in
thy
calamity
,
fair
City
,
that
though
it
was
not
lawful
for
thee
to
stand
safe
,
yet
thy
fall
was
gentle
under
such
a
Conquerour
.
5.
Quintus
Metellus
warring
in
Spain
against
the
Celtiberians
,
lying
at
the
Siege
of
Centobricum
,
when
the
Engine
was
fix'd
,
and
he
was
just
ready
to
beat
down
that
part
of
the
Wall
which
was
fittest
to
be
batter'd
,
preferr'd
Clemency
before
an
approaching
Victory
.
For
when
the
Centobricenses
had
opposed
the
Sons
of
Rhetogenes
,
who
had
fled
to
him
,
against
all
the
shot
of
the
Engine
,
lest
the
Children
should
be
cruelly
kill'd
in
the
sight
of
their
Father
(
though
Rhetogenes
himself
bid
him
not
fear
to
go
on
with
his
Battery
for
all
that
)
he
rais'd
his
Siege
.
By
which
act
of
Clemency
,
though
he
took
not
one
City
,
yet
he
took
the
hearts
of
all
the
Celtiberians
,
and
thereby
so
far
prevailed
,
as
not
to
want
many
Hostages
to
keep
them
faithful
to
the
Roman
people
.
6.
Splendidly
also
did
the
Humanity
of
the
Elder
African
appear
,
who
having
taken
the
City
of
Carthage
,
sent
to
all
the
Cities
of
Sicily
,
to
fetch
the
Ornaments
of
their
Temples
,
which
the
Carthaginians
had
taken
from
them
,
and
to
take
care
to
restore
them
to
their
proper
places
.
A
Kindness
acceptable
both
to
Gods
and
Men.
7.
Equal
to
this
was
the
Humanity
of
his
Grandfather
.
His
Questor
selling
the
Captives
at
the
Spear
,
sent
him
a
Boy
of
a
very
excelling
Beauty
,
and
very
well
h●bited
;
whom
when
he
understood
to
be
left
an
Orphan
by
his
Father
,
and
educated
under
the
tuition
of
his
Uncle
Massanisa
,
and
that
without
his
leave
he
had
immaturely
tak●n
Arms
against
the
Romans
;
he
not
only
thought
it
convenient
to
pardon
the
errour
of
the
Youth
,
but
to
give
that
respect
which
was
due
to
the
Friendship
of
a
Prince
so
deserving
of
the
Roman
People
.
And
therefore
having
bestowed
a
Ring
,
a
Gold
Button
,
and
a
broad
emboss'd
Tunick
,
a
Spanish
Jacket
,
and
a
Horse
with
all
Furniture
upon
him
,
he
sent
him
to
Massanisa
with
a
Convoy
to
attend
him
.
The
Romans
believing
these
to
be
the
greatest
fruits
of
Victory
,
to
restore
the
Temples
their
Ornaments
,
and
Kings
their
Kindred
.
8.
Nor
is
the
Memory
of
L.
Paulus
to
be
forgot
,
who
when
he
heard
that
Perseus
,
a
Captive
now
,
before
a
King
,
was
brought
before
him
,
went
to
meet
him
in
all
the
Ornaments
of
a
Roman
General
,
and
with
his
right
hand
rais'd
up
the
King
,
endeavouring
to
cast
himself
at
his
feet
,
and
in
the
Greek
tongue
bid
him
be
of
good
chear
;
and
bringing
him
into
his
Tent
,
caus'd
him
to
sit
next
him
in
Council
,
not
thinking
him
below
the
honour
of
his
Table
.
Range
the
Army
in
view
,
which
conquer'd
Perseus
,
and
the
Story
which
I
have
related
,
it
may
be
doubted
which
sight
would
be
most
delectable
.
For
though
it
be
a
renowned
thing
to
overcome
an
Enemy
,
yet
is
it
no
less
praise-worthy
to
take
compassion
of
him
in
misery
.
9.
This
Humanity
of
L.
Paulus
teaches
me
not
to
forget
the
Clemency
of
Cn.
Pompey
:
Who
having
overthrown
Tigranes
King
of
Armenia
,
who
not
only
made
cruel
Wars
with
the
Romans
himself
,
but
also
protected
Mithridates
,
a
most
inveterate
Enemy
to
our
City
,
would
not
suffer
him
to
lye
prostrate
at
his
feet
;
But
giving
him
words
of
comfort
,
caus'd
him
to
put
the
Diadem
,
which
he
had
cast
away
,
upon
his
Head
again
.
And
having
laid
certain
commands
upon
him
,
restor'd
him
to
his
former
Dignity
.
10.
How
noble
an
Example
of
Clemency
afforded
was
Cn.
Pompey
,
how
miserable
an
Example
of
Pity
desired
!
For
he
that
had
impa●'d
●he
Brows
of
Tigranes
with
Regal
Ornaments
,
his
Head
dispoy●'d
of
Three
Triumphal
Crowns
,
could
not
finde
a
Burial-place
in
that
,
which
was
but
now
,
his
own
world
:
But
cut
from
his
Body
,
wanting
a
Funeral
Pile
,
was
p●esented
as
a
Gift
of
Egyptian
Perfidie
,
lamentable
in
the
very
eyes
of
the
Victor
:
For
assoon
as
Caesar
beheld
it
,
forgetful
of
his
Enemy
,
he
put
on
the
Countenance
of
a
Father-in-law●
;
and
then
,
as
became
himself
,
he
caus'd
the
Head
of
Pompey
to
be
burnt
with
most
pretious
Odours
,
and
paid
his
Tears
to
the
memory
of
him
and
his
Daughter
.
For
if
the
mind
of
that
divine
Prince
had
not
been
so
tender
,
He
that
a
little
before
was
accompted
the
Pillar
of
the
Roman
Empire
(
so
Fortune
turns
the
scales
of
Humane
Affairs
)
had
lain
uninterr'd
.
Caesar
also
hearing
of
the
Death
of
Caro
,
was
heard
to
say
,
That
he
envied
Cato●s
glory
,
as
Cato
had
envied
his
;
giving
his
Estate
safe
and
whole
to
his
Children
.
And
certainly
it
would
have
been
no
small
part
of
Caesar's
divine
endeavours
,
to
have
been
the
safety
of
Cato
.
11.
And
certainly
the
Soul
of
Mark
Antonie
did
not
want
the
knowledg
of
equal
Humanity
.
For
he
gave
the
Body
of
Mar.
Brutus
to
his
Freeman
to
bury
.
And
that
he
might
be
the
more
honourably
burnt
,
caused
him
to
be
covered
with
his
own
Imperial
Robe
;
believing
him
as
he
lay
,
not
an
Enemy
,
but
a
Citizen
,
all
hatred
now
forgotten
.
And
when
he
understood
the
Freeman
had
taken
away
the
Imperial
Garment
,
in
great
anger
he
commanded
him
to
be
punished
,
using
first
this
Speech
;
Didst
thou
not
know
,
said
he
,
the
Funeral
of
how
great
a
man
I
committed
to
thy
charge
?
His
stout
and
pious
Victory
at
Philippi
the
Gods
willingly
beheld
,
nor
could
they
stop
their
ears
at
these
words
of
generous
Indignation
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
From
commemorating
Roman
Examples
,
being
carried
into
Macedon
,
I
am
compell'd
to
set
forth
the
Manners
of
Alexander
.
Whose
Fortitude
in
War
,
as
it
deserved
infinite
renown
,
so
his
Clemency
merited
high
respect
and
love
.
He
,
while
he
visits
all
Nations
with
an
indefatigable
swiftness
,
being
overtaken
at
a
certain
place
with
a
storm
of
Snow
,
observ'd
a
Macedonian
Souldier
,
decrepit
with
age
,
almost
nummed
with
Cold
,
himself
sitting
in
a
high
Chair
near
the
fire
.
Who
therefore
considering
not
the
quality
,
but
the
age
of
both
,
descends
from
his
seat
,
and
with
those
hands
with
which
he
had
subdued
the
wealth
of
Darius
,
takes
the
benumm'd
Souldier
and
leads
him
to
his
own
seat
,
saying
,
That
that
would
be
wholesome
to
him
,
which
was
Capital
among
the
Persians
,
to
sit
in
the
Kings
Chair
.
What
wonder
then
if
they
thought
it
a
pleasure
to
serve
such
a
Captain
so
many
years
,
to
whom
the
safety
of
a
Common
Souldier
was
more
dear
than
the
grandeur
of
his
own
Person
?
The
same
Personage
also
yielding
not
to
any
Mortal
,
but
to
Nature
and
Fortune
,
though
faint
with
the
violence
of
his
distemper
,
yet
leaning
upon
his
Elbow
,
he
reacht
out
his
right
Hand
to
all
that
would
take
their
leaves
of
him
.
Who
would
not
run
to
embrace
that
hand
,
which
now
opprest
by
Fate
,
sufficed
to
embrace
an
Army
,
with
an
Humanity
as
vivacious
as
his
Courage
?
2.
Humanity
is
of
no
robust
nature
,
yet
we
may
declare
the
Clemency
of
Pisistratus
,
Tyrant
of
Athens
.
Who
when
a
Youngman
inflamed
with
the
Love
of
his
Daughter
,
meeting
her
in
the
Street
,
kist
her
;
and
being
therefore
desired
by
his
Wife
to
punish
him
,
made
answer
,
If
we
punish
those
that
love
us
,
what
must
we
do
to
those
that
hate
us
?
A
worthy
Saying
;
to
which
we
must
adde
,
that
it
came
out
of
the
mouth
of
a
Tyrant
.
Thus
he
took
the
affront
offered
his
Daughter
;
thus
the
injury
done
to
himself
more
commendably
.
For
being
incessantly
taunted
and
reviled
by
his
friend
Thrasippus
at
Table
,
he
so
restrained
his
anger
and
his
tongue
,
as
if
he
had
been
one
of
the
Guard
reviled
by
the
Tyrant
:
and
as
he
went
away
,
thinking
he
had
retired
sooner
than
ordinary
for
fear
,
he
kindly
invited
him
to
stay
.
Thrasippus
being
in
the
heat
of
his
drink
,
spit
all
in
his
face
,
and
yet
he
could
not
move
him
to
revenge
.
He
pull'd
away
his
Sons
also
,
desiring
to
intercede
for
the
abuses
of
him
that
was
their
Father
.
The
next
morning
when
Thrasippus
intended
to
punish
himself
with
a
violent
death
,
the
Tyrant
came
to
him
,
and
giving
him
his
faith
that
he
should
still
remain
in
the
same
degree
of
favour
with
him
,
kept
him
from
the
execution
of
his
purpose
.
Had
he
done
nothing
else
worthy
of
honour
or
memory
,
yet
by
these
very
acts
of
his
he
had
sufficiently
recommended
himself
to
Posterity
.
3.
Patient
and
gentle
also
was
the
mind
of
King
Pyrrhus
,
Who
hearing
that
some
of
the
Tarentines
at
a
great
Feast
had
spoken
largely
in
his
disgrace
,
he
call'd
for
those
that
were
present
,
and
demanded
of
them
,
if
they
had
spoken
those
things
which
he
had
been
t●ld
.
Whereupon
one
or
them
made
answer
,
If
our
Wine
had
not
fail'd
us
,
those
things
which
we
spoke
of
thee
,
would
have
been
but
baubles
and
trifles
,
to
what
we
should
have
said
.
This
so
pleasant
excuse
of
their
Drunkenness
,
and
simple
confession
of
the
truth
,
turn'd
the
Kings
Anger
into
laughter
;
by
which
Clemency
of
his
he
so
far
prevailed
,
that
the
sober
Tarentines
gave
him
thanks
,
and
those
that
had
been
drunk
wish'd
him
well
.
The
same
height
of
Humanity
caused
him
to
send
Mico
with
a
Convoy
for
the
greater
safety
of
the
Roman
Ambassadours
,
whom
he
heard
were
coming
toward
him
for
the
redemption
of
Captives
.
And
for
their
more
honourable
reception
,
he
himself
with
a
Body
of
Horse
richly
attired
went
out
of
the
Camp
to
meet
them
.
Not
so
much
corrupted
with
the
success
of
Prosperity
,
as
so
hinder
all
prospect
of
respect
from
them
with
whom
he
was
at
greatest
Enmity
.
4.
Of
which
mild
temper
he
received
the
due
reward
at
the
last
hour
of
his
death
.
For
when
he
had
invaded
the
City
of
Argos
with
most
dismal
Omens
,
and
that
Alcyoneus
the
Son
of
King
Antigonus
had
brought
his
head
cut
off
,
with
great
joy
,
as
a
most
happy
act
of
Victory
to
his
Father
,
labouring
in
the
defence
of
the
City
;
Antigonus
rebuking
his
Son
for
insulting
over
the
ruine
of
so
great
a
man
,
forgetful
of
humane
Calamity
,
took
up
his
Head
from
the
ground
,
and
cover'd
it
with
the
Hood
wherewith
his
own
head
was
cover'd
,
after
the
manner
of
the
Macedonians
,
and
caused
it
,
being
return'd
to
the
body
,
to
be
honourably
burnt
.
And
when
his
Son
Helenus
was
brought
a
prisoner
to
him
,
he
commanded
him
to
bear
a
Royal
Minde
,
and
to
continue
his
Regal
Habit
,
and
moreover
gave
him
the
bones
of
Pyrrhus
,
inclosed
in
a
Golden
Chest
,
to
carry
into
his
Countrey
of
Epirus
to
his
Brother
Alexander
.
5.
The
Campanians
also
,
when
our
Army
was
compell'd
by
the
Samnites
to
pass
under
Gallowses
at
Caudium
,
entring
their
City
not
only
unarmed
but
naked
,
received
them
as
kindly
as
if
they
had
enter'd
in
Triumph
,
bearing
the
Spoils
of
their
enemies
before
them
.
Immediately
presenting
the
Consul
with
all
the
Ensignes
of
his
Honour
,
and
bestowing
upon
the
Souldiers
Cloaths
,
Arms
,
Horses
and
Provision
,
taking
away
the
want
and
deformity
of
the
Roman
overthrow
.
Had
they
been
as
constant
against
Hannibal
for
the
Roman
Empire
,
they
had
not
given
an
occasion
for
the
rage
of
the
cruel
Axes
.
6.
Having
made
mention
of
a
most
bitter
Enemy
,
with
those
actions
or
kindness
which
he
performed
to
the
Romans
,
I
shall
make
an
end
of
the
subject
in
hand
.
For
Hannibal
having
sought
the
body
of
Aemilius
Paulus
slain
at
Cannae
,
with
all
diligence
,
as
much
as
in
him
lay
,
would
not
permit
it
to
lye
unburied
.
He
also
caused
the
body
of
T.
Gracchus
,
who
fell
unhappily
into
the
ambushment
of
the
Lucans
,
to
be
honourably
buried
,
and
deliver'd
his
bones
,
to
be
carried
into
his
own
Countrey
,
to
our
Souldiers
.
When
Marcellus
was
slain
in
the
Countrey
of
the
Brutii
,
while
with
more
eagerness
than
consideration
he
endeavoured
to
spy
the
actions
of
the
Carthaginians
,
he
sought
him
out
,
and
laid
him
upon
the
Funeral
Pile
,
clad
in
a
Carthaginian
Jacket
,
and
adorn'd
with
a
Crown
of
Gold
.
And
therefore
the
sweetness
of
Humanity
penetrates
into
the
very
breasts
of
rude
Barbarians
,
mollifies
the
cruel
and
severe
eyes
of
Enemies
,
and
bends
the
most
insolent
pride
of
Victory
.
Nor
is
it
a
difficult
thing
for
Clemency
to
finde
an
easie
passage
through
hostile
Weapons
,
and
Swords
drawn
hand
to
hand
.
It
overcomes
Anger
,
throws
down
Rage
,
and
mingles
hostile
Blood
with
hostile
Tears
.
Which
produced
that
admirable
Speech
of
Hannibal
,
delivering
his
judgment
at
the
Funerals
of
the
Roman
Captains
.
Wherefore
Paulus
,
Marcellus
and
Gracchus
brought
him
more
honour
by
their
Funerals
,
than
by
their
Deaths
.
For
he
deceived
them
with
his
Punic
subtilty
,
but
honoured
them
with
his
Roman
Clemency
.
And
you
,
brave
and
pious
Souls
,
have
enjoyed
Obsequies
not
to
be
repented
of
;
for
as
you
fell
more
desirably
in
your
Countrey
,
more
nobly
for
your
Countrey
;
so
ye
recover'd
the
honour
of
that
last
office
due
to
ye
,
which
by
misfortune
ye
had
lost
.
CHAP.
II.
Of
Gratitude
.
Among
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
The
Roman
Senate
.
-
2.
The
Roman
Youth
.
-
3.
The
Roman
People
.
-
4.
M.
Minutius
Rufus
Master
of
the
Horse
.
-
5.
Q.
Terentius
Culeo
.
-
6.
Citizens
redeem'd
in
Greece
.
-
7.
Q.
Metellus
Pius
Cos
.
-
8.
Caius
Marius
Cos
.
IV.
-
9.
L.
Sylla
Dictator
.
-
10.
The
Libitines
.
Of
Forreign
Kings
.
-
1.
Darius
of
Persia
.
-
2.
Mithridates
of
Pontus
.
-
3.
Attalus
of
Asia
.
-
4.
Massanisa
of
Numidia
.
NExt
let
us
take
a
view
of
the
grateful
and
ingrateful
effects
and
actions
of
the
Minde
,
that
Vertue
and
Vice
may
receive
their
due
reward
,
from
a
due
estimate
of
the
value
of
either
.
However
,
because
they
are
distinguished
by
contrary
ends
and
designes
,
we
also
intend
to
separate
them
in
writing
:
And
therefore
let
us
begin
with
those
things
,
that
rather
deserve
praise
than
reprehension
.
1.
And
that
we
may
take
our
rise
from
publick
Acts
,
let
us
take
into
our
consideration
Marcius
Coriolanus
,
who
invading
his
own
Country
,
and
having
brought
a
very
great
Army
of
the
Volsci
to
the
very
Gates
of
the
City
,
threatning
the
utter
destruction
of
the
Roman
Empire
;
yet
at
the
intercession
of
his
Mother
Vituria
,
and
his
Wife
Volumnia
,
he
was
perswaded
to
give
over
his
violent
Enterprise
.
In
memory
whereof
the
Senate
gave
very
great
Priviledges
to
the
Order
of
Matrons
.
For
they
order'd
that
men
should
give
the
upper
hand
to
Women
in
the
street
,
as
acknowledging
the
Womens
Garm●nt
to
have
been
a
greater
safety
to
their
City
than
their
Arms
:
They
added
also
a
new
distinction
of
Coifs
to
the
adornments
of
their
Ears
;
they
also
permitted
them
to
wear
Purple
and
Gold
Laces
;
and
more
then
all
this
,
they
erected
a
Temple
and
an
Altar
to
Womens
Fortune
,
just
in
the
same
place
where
Coriolanus's
wrath
was
appeased
,
to
testifie
their
grateful
acknowledgment
of
so
great
a
benefit
,
by
their
religious
respect
and
reverence
that
they
had
of
it
.
For
which
the
Senate
was
no
less
famous
at
the
time
of
the
Second
Punic
War
:
For
when
Capua
was
besieged
by
Fulvius
,
there
were
two
Women
in
the
Town
that
would
by
no
means
be
perswaded
from
shewing
eminent
signes
of
good
Will
toward
the
Romans
;
the
one
named
Vestia
Opidia
the
Mistriss
of
a
good
Family
,
the
other
Cluvia
Facula
an
Harlot
;
one
which
dayly
sacrificed
for
the
success
of
the
Roman
Army
,
the
other
still
supplied
the
necessities
of
the
Roman
Captives
.
The
Town
being
taken
,
the
Senate
restor'd
them
both
their
Liberty
and
their
Goods
;
and
if
they
had
any
other
Boon
to
crave
,
bid
them
freely
demand
it
,
for
that
they
were
as
free
to
give
it
.
It
was
more
wonderful
that
the
Senate
had
leisure
,
in
a
time
of
so
much
Exultation
,
to
return
thanks
to
two
mean
Women
,
than
that
they
took
upon
them
to
do
it
.
2.
What
more
commendable
than
that
of
the
Roman
Youth
,
who
in
the
Consulship
of
C.
Nantius
and
Minutius
listed
themselves
voluntarily
to
give
assistance
to
the
Tusculanes
,
who
were
enter'd
into
the
Territories
of
the
Aequi
,
who
had
a
little
before
most
stoutly
defended
the
Roman
Empire
.
A
new
thing
,
to
hear
the
whole
Army
listing
themselves
,
lest
their
Countrey
should
seem
to
want
a
grateful
mind
.
3.
A
great
Example
of
Gratitude
was
that
of
the
People
toward
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
:
Who
dying
after
he
had
born
Five
Consulships
,
with
great
su●●ess
and
advantage
to
the
Commonwealth
,
strove
●ho
should
bring
in
most
Money
to
advance
the
s●●endour
and
magnificence
of
his
Funeral
.
Let
us
prize
the
Reward
of
vertue
,
when
we
finde
brave
●en
to
be
more
happy
in
their
Burials
,
than
the
sl●●thful
in
their
Lives
.
4.
With
no
small
glory
was
another
piece
of
Gratitude
shewn
to
the
other
Fabius
,
yet
living
.
For
when
Minutius
,
Master
of
the
Horse
,
was
made
equal
in
Commission
with
him
being
Dictator
,
by
an
Act
of
the
Senate
,
which
was
never
done
before
,
and
dividing
the
Army
had
fought
apart
with
Hannibal
in
Samnium
;
yet
he
seeing
the
great
Overthrow
he
had
like
to
have
had
by
his
own
Rashness
,
had
not
Fabius
come
in
timely
to
his
relief
,
he
presently
acknowledged
him
for
his
Father
,
and
commanded
him
to
be
saluted
Patron
and
Preserver
by
his
own
Legions
;
and
laying
down
his
Commission
of
Equality
,
submitted
the
Mastership
of
the
Horse
to
the
Dictatorship
,
as
of
right
it
ought
to
have
been
;
correcting
the
impudent
errour
of
the
Vulgar
,
by
the
grateful
signification
of
his
Minde
.
5.
A
Story
to
be
related
upon
as
good
grounds
,
is
,
that
Terentius
Culeo
,
a
Pretorian
by
Birth
,
and
of
the
Senatorian
Order
,
should
follow
as
he
did
the
Triumphant
Chariot
of
the
Elder
Scipio
,
with
his
Cap
in
his
hand
bare-headed
,
for
that
being
a
Captive
to
the
Carthaginians
,
he
had
been
retaken
by
him
.
And
therefore
he
deservedly
return'd
,
in
view
of
the
whole
people
,
the
acknowledgment
of
a
Benefit
received
from
him
,
as
from
his
Patron
,
who
was
the
Author
of
his
Liberty
.
6.
But
when
Flaminius
triumph'd
over
Philip
,
there
was
not
only
one
,
but
two
thousand
Roman
Citizens
that
followed
his
Chariot
bare-headed
;
who
having
been
taken
in
the
Punic
Wars
,
and
being
sold
into
Greece
,
had
been
by
his
care
collected
together
and
restor'd
to
their
former
Freedome
.
The
Honour
of
the
General
seem'd
redoubled
that
day
,
who
at
the
same
time
let
the
People
see
their
Enemies
by
him
overcome
,
their
Fellow
Citizens
by
him
preserved
:
Also
their
preservation
was
doubly
acceptable
to
all
,
seeing
that
so
many
,
and
those
so
grateful
persons
,
had
recovered
their
deserved
Liberty
.
7.
Metellus
,
as
famous
for
his
Tears
as
others
for
their
Victories
,
obtain'd
the
name
of
Pious
,
for
his
passionate
and
constant
Love
of
his
Father
in
Exilement
:
This
man
being
Consul
,
was
not
ashamed
to
entreat
the
People
on
the
behalf
of
Q.
Calidius
,
Candidate
for
the
Pretorship
,
because
that
he
being
Tribune
,
was
author
of
the
Law
by
which
his
Father
was
recall'd
.
He
always
after
call'd
him
also
the
Patron
of
his
House
and
Family
.
Nor
did
he
thereby
any
way
derogate
from
his
greatness
which
he
had
obtain'd
;
seeing
that
it
was
not
the
Lowness
of
his
Spirit
,
but
the
Gratefulness
of
his
Minde
,
which
made
him
submit
the
grandeur
of
his
Dignity
to
the
greatest
desert
of
an
inferiour
person
.
8.
And
therefore
the
Gratitude
of
C.
Marius
was
not
only
eminent
,
but
seem'd
to
be
the
effect
of
a
violent
Passion
:
For
observing
two
Cohorts
of
the
Camertians
to
have
bravely
withstood
the
Fury
of
the
Cimbrians
,
contrary
to
the
Condition
of
the
League
,
he
immediately
made
them
free
of
the
City
.
Which
act
of
his
he
both
truely
and
nobly
excused
,
saying
,
That
in
the
noise
and
hurry
of
Battle
,
he
could
not
hear
the
words
of
the
Civil
Law
.
And
indeed
it
was
a
time
then
,
wherein
there
was
more
need
to
defend
,
than
hear
the
Law
.
9.
Sylla
in
the
Combat
of
Praise
every
where
follows
the
footsteps
of
Marius
.
For
being
Dictator
,
he
not
only
uncovered
his
Head
to
Pompey
being
a
private
person
;
but
rising
in
his
Chariot
,
did
alight
from
his
Horse
.
And
this
in
the
Publick
Assembly
he
declared
himself
to
have
done
willingly
,
remembring
that
the
other
when
he
was
but
two
and
twenty
years
of
Age
had
taken
his
part
,
with
his
Fathers
Army
.
There
were
many
remarkable
things
in
Pompey
,
but
I
know
not
whether
any
thing
hapned
to
him
more
remarkable
than
this
,
that
the
surplusage
of
his
kindness
caused
Sylla
at
length
to
forget
him
.
10.
And
while
we
talk
of
Men
in
high
Splendour
,
let
there
be
some
place
for
meaner
Gratitude
.
For
Cornutus
the
Pretor
being
commanded
to
bargain
for
the
Funerals
of
Hirtius
and
Pansa
;
they
who
provided
all
Necessaries
for
Funerals
,
belonging
to
the
Temple
of
Libitina
,
promised
the
use
of
their
things
and
their
attendance
gratis
;
b●cause
they
were
slain
fighting
for
their
Countrey
.
And
by
their
constant
and
earnest
desire
procured
,
that
the
ordering
of
the
Funeral
might
be
at
the
rate
of
Sesterce
Money
,
though
at
their
own
charges
.
Whose
praise
,
setting
the
Law
aside
,
their
condition
rather
augments
than
extenuates
;
seeing
them
the
only
contemners
of
gain
,
that
lived
by
no
other
thing
than
gain
.
FORRAIGN
Examples
.
Let
not
their
Ashes
take
it
ill
,
if
Kings
of
Forraign
Nations
come
next
in
order
to
be
mentioned
after
this
sordid
tribe
,
which
either
was
not
to
be
mentioned
at
all
,
or
else
to
be
placed
in
the
last
part
of
Domestick
Examples
.
But
since
honest
acts
done
by
the
meanest
ought
not
to
slip
our
Memory
,
while
they
obtain
a
distinct
and
proper
place
,
they
neither
seem
to
be
added
to
the
one
,
nor
preferr'd
before
the
other
.
1.
Darius
being
yet
a
private
person
,
was
mightily
taken
with
a
short
Vestment
of
Syloson
the
Samian
;
and
by
his
more
curious
viewing
of
it
,
caus'd
Syloson
to
give
it
him
freely
,
who
so
much
desir'd
it
in
his
mind
.
But
how
great
a
value
he
put
upon
that
small
Gift
,
he
soon
made
known
when
he
enjoyed
the
Empire
,
giving
to
Syloson
the
whole
City
and
Island
of
the
Samians
for
his
possession
.
Not
that
he
honour'd
the
price
,
but
the
opportunity
and
season
of
the
Gift
;
and
rather
consider'd
from
whom
the
Gift
came
,
than
to
whom
it
was
given
.
2.
Magnificently
grateful
also
was
King
Mithridates
,
who
made
an
exchange
of
all
his
Prisoners
taken
from
the
Enemy
,
for
one
Leonicus
a
most
stout
preserver
of
his
own
person
from
eminent
danger
,
who
was
taken
in
a
Sea-fight
by
the
Rhodians
:
accompting
it
more
noble
to
give
his
most
bitter
Enemies
an
advantage
,
than
to
be
unmindful
of
one
that
had
so
well
deserved
of
him
.
3.
More
liberal
yet
were
the
People
of
Rome
,
for
they
gave
all
Asia
for
a
Gift
to
King
Attalus
.
Though
Attalus
was
not
behinde-hand
in
the
Justice
of
his
last
Will
and
Testament
,
by
which
he
return'd
it
to
them
all
back
again
.
So
that
the
Munificence
of
the
one
,
and
the
Gratitude
of
the
other
,
cannot
be
set
down
in
so
many
words
of
praise
,
as
the
vast
Cities
given
in
friendship
and
religiously
restor'd
.
4.
Nor
can
I
tell
whether
the
breast
of
Massanisa
were
not
in
as
high
a
measure
replete
with
the
pledges
of
Gratitude
.
For
he
by
the
benefit
of
Scipio's
and
the
Roman
friendship
being
put
into
the
poss●ssion
of
a
very
large
Kingdome
,
by
a
most
constant
and
loyal
Amity
continued
the
memory
of
that
noble
Gift
to
the
very
end
of
his
life
,
which
he
enjoyed
to
a
very
great
age
.
Insomuch
that
not
only
all
Africa
,
but
all
other
Nations
knew
him
to
be
more
faithful
to
the
Family
of
the
Cornelii
,
and
the
City
of
Rome
,
than
to
himself
.
He
,
though
he
were
very
hard
put
to
it
by
the
Carthaginians
;
and
was
hardly
able
to
defend
his
own
Kingdome
,
deliver'd
to
Scipio
Aemilianus
,
Nephew
to
the
other
Scipio
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
Numidian
Army
,
when
he
was
sent
for
into
Spain
to
the
assistance
of
Lucullus
,
preferring
former
benefits
before
the
present
danger
.
He
now
near
his
end
,
leaving
great
Riches
and
Fifty
Sons
behind
him
,
besought
M.
V.
Manlius
,
then
Proconsul
in
Africa
,
to
send
Scipio
Aemilianus
who
then
was
under
his
command
to
him
;
believing
he
should
die
more
happy
,
could
he
but
commit
his
last
words
and
breath
to
his
Embraces
.
But
his
death
preventing
the
coming
of
Scipio
,
he
gave
in
charge
to
his
Wife
and
Children
to
acknowledge
but
one
people
in
the
world
,
the
Romans
;
and
but
one
Family
among
the
Romans
,
that
of
the
Scipio's
.
That
he
left
all
entire
to
Aemilianus
,
giving
him
the
sole
power
of
making
a
division
,
and
that
whatever
he
ordained
,
they
should
observe
as
inviolable
,
as
if
he
had
left
it
by
Will
.
Thus
died
Massanisa
,
having
prolong'd
his
life
through
many
and
divers
varieties
of
changes
to
the
hundredth
year
.
By
these
and
such
other
Examples
,
is
well-doing
increased
and
continued
among
men
.
These
are
the
Motives
,
these
the
Incentives
,
for
which
we
burn
with
a
desire
of
well-deserving
.
And
certainly
these
are
the
greatest
and
the
most
splendid
sort
of
Riches
,
to
be
accompted
opulent
in
bestowing
Riches
.
The
religious
regard
whereof
since
we
have
so
far
prosecuted
,
let
us
now
shew
how
it
has
been
contemn'd
,
that
we
may
the
better
know
the
difference
,
which
is
most
acceptable
and
laudable
among
men
.
CHAP.
III.
Of
Ingratitude
.
-
1.
The
Senate
of
Rome
to
Romulus
.
-
2.
The
People
of
Rome
toward
Camillus
and
others
.
-
3.
Of
Sextilius
toward
C.
Caesar
the
Oratour
.
-
4.
Of
Popilius
toward
M.
Cicero
.
-
5.
Of
Cn.
Pompey
the
Great
toward
Cn.
Carbo
.
FORRAIGN
Examples
.
-
1.
Of
the
Carthaginians
toward
Hannibal
.
-
2.
Of
the
Spartans
toward
Lycurgus
.
-
3.
The
Athenians
to
Theseus
.
1.
THe
Senate
placed
by
the
Parent
of
our
City
in
the
highest
degree
of
Honour
,
yet
miserably
tore
him
in
pieces
in
the
Senate-House
;
and
thought
it
no
crime
to
take
away
his
Life
,
who
had
given
life
to
the
Roman
Empire
.
That
rude
and
fierce
Age
contaminated
with
the
Blood
of
their
Founder
,
the
known
Piety
of
posterity
cannot
dissemble
.
2.
This
ingrateful
errour
of
a
debauch'd
minde
shortly
after
caus'd
the
sad
repentance
of
our
City
.
Camillus
,
the
most
triumphant
Enlarger
,
and
the
most
certain
Defender
of
the
Roman
Power
,
yet
could
not
preserve
himself
in
his
own
City
,
whose
safeguard
he
had
establish'd
,
encreas'd
and
enlarg'd
.
For
being
accused
by
L.
Apuleius
Tribune
of
the
People
,
for
having
embezled
the
Spoils
of
the
Veientines
,
he
was
by
a
hard
,
and
as
I
may
say
Iron
Sentence
,
condemn'd
and
sent
into
Exilement
.
And
at
such
a
time
,
when
having
lost
a
most
hopeful
Son
,
he
was
rather
to
have
been
relieved
with
Comfort
,
than
to
have
been
laden
with
Calamities
.
But
his
Countrey
unmindful
of
the
extraordinary
Merits
of
so
great
a
Person
,
heap'd
the
affliction
of
Exilement
upon
the
loss
of
his
Son
.
Poorly
done
,
for
Fifteen
thousand
Pence
(
a
pitiful
Sum
)
to
deprive
themselves
of
so
great
a
Prince
.
The
Elder
African
,
when
Rome
was
almost
quite
broken
by
the
Arms
of
the
Carthaginians
,
when
she
lay
bleeding
to
death
,
and
bleeding
out
the
very
last
drop
,
restored
her
again
,
and
made
her
Mistress
of
all
Africa
;
in
recompence
whereof
,
his
Countrey-men
confined
him
to
a
poor
Village
near
a
stinking
Lake
;
of
which
he
seem'd
to
be
sensible
to
his
death
,
causing
this
Inscription
to
be
put
upon
his
Tomb
:
INGRATEFVL
COVNTREY
,
THOV
HAST
NOT
SO
MVCH
AS
MY
BONES
.
What
more
unworthy
the
necessity
which
they
put
him
to
,
what
more
just
than
his
complaint
,
or
more
moderate
than
his
revenge
?
He
denied
his
ashes
to
a
City
,
which
he
had
preserved
from
being
reduced
to
ashes
.
Therefore
was
this
revenge
a
greater
unkindness
to
ungrateful
Rome
,
than
the
violence
which
Coriolanus
offer'd
to
it
.
For
he
onely
affrighted
Rome
,
this
man
made
Rome
ashamed
:
not
being
willing
,
such
was
his
piety
,
to
complain
of
their
Severity
,
till
after
his
Death
.
For
,
no
question
,
it
was
a
kind
of
comfort
to
him
,
that
his
Brother
had
suffered
the
same
before
;
who
after
he
had
overthrown
Antiochus
,
and
reduced
Asia
under
the
subjection
of
the
People
of
Rome
,
was
by
the
People
accused
of
converting
the
publick
Money
to
his
own
private
use
,
and
thrown
into
prison
.
No
less
inferiour
in
Vertue
was
the
Younger
Africanus
,
nor
yet
more
fortunate
in
his
end
.
For
after
he
had
quite
reduced
to
nothing
two
Cities
,
Numantia
and
Carthage
,
both
threatning
destruction
to
the
Roman
Empire
,
met
with
his
murtherer
at
home
,
but
not
with
one
to
revenge
his
death
in
all
the
Forum
.
Who
can
be
ignorant
that
Scipio
Nasica
was
as
famous
for
Counsel
,
as
the
other
two
Scipio's
were
for
War
?
Who
kept
T.
Gracchus
from
strangling
the
Common-wealth
with
his
pestiferous
hands
;
yet
he
,
because
of
the
low
esteem
which
his
Citizens
had
of
his
Virtue
,
under
the
specious
pretence
of
an
Embassie
,
went
into
a
voluntary
Exilement
,
as
far
as
Pergamus
,
and
there
spent
the
remainder
of
his
days
,
never
sought
after
by
his
ungrateful
Countrey
.
I
still
keep
in
the
same
name
,
not
having
yet
done
with
the
complaints
of
the
Cornelian
Family
.
For
P.
Lentulus
,
a
most
famous
Citizen
and
eminent
Lover
of
his
Countrey
,
after
he
had
overthrown
C.
Gracchus
in
a
pitched
field
in
the
Countrey
of
Aventinum
,
as
a
reward
of
that
Victory
,
whereby
he
preserved
the
Laws
,
Peace
and
Liberty
of
his
Countrey
,
was
not
permitted
to
live
in
the
City
,
and
therefore
wea●i●d
with
envy
and
slaunder
,
he
begg'd
a
Lieut●nancy
of
the
Senate
;
and
having
made
a
set
Speech
,
wherein
he
prayed
to
the
Immortal
Gods
that
his
ingratetul
Countrey
might
never
have
occasion
to
use
him
again
,
he
went
into
Sicily
,
and
there
spent
the
remainder
of
his
days
.
3.
But
what
Satyr
can
be
sharp
enough
,
what
words
severe
enough
to
express
the
Ingratitude
of
P.
Sextilius
?
who
being
defended
and
fairly
brought
off
from
an
Accusation
highly
Criminal
by
C.
Caesar
,
yet
betrayed
and
delivered
him
up
to
the
cruelty
of
his
enemy
,
coming
to
his
house
tor
shelter
in
the
time
of
Cinna's
proscription
.
Had
his
accuser
implored
the
same
kindness
upon
his
knees
,
it
had
bin
inhumane
to
have
denied
him
.
For
those
that
injuries
do
cause
us
to
hate
,
misery
makes
us
to
compassionate
.
But
Sextilius
betrayed
not
his
Accuser
,
but
his
Protector
,
to
the
cut-throat
hand
of
his
most
inveterate
adversary
:
if
for
fear
of
death
,
unworthy
of
life
;
if
for
hope
of
reward
,
most
worthy
of
death
.
4.
To
repeat
another
Example
of
the
same
nature
.
M.
Cicero
had
defended
C.
Popilius
Lenas
of
the
Countrey
of
Picena
,
with
no
less
Care
than
Eloquence
,
when
his
Cause
was
very
doubtful
.
This
Popilius
afterwards
,
being
neither
in
word
or
deed
injur'd
by
Cicero
,
of
his
own
accord
begg'd
of
M.
Antonius
,
that
he
might
be
the
person
to
be
sent
by
him
to
cut
his
Throat
in
his
Banishment
;
and
having
obtain'd
that
detestable
Commission
,
away
he
flew
over-joy'd
to
Cajeta
;
and
that
very
person
,
I
need
not
say
who
was
the
author
of
his
dignity
and
safety
,
but
also
one
who
ought
to
have
been
respected
by
him
to
the
utmost
,
that
very
person
did
he
command
patiently
to
lie
down
,
and
have
his
head
struck
off
.
And
thus
laden
with
the
head
of
the
Roman
Eloquence
,
and
the
most
famous
right
hand
of
Peace
,
he
return'd
with
joy
to
the
City
,
as
if
he
had
brought
along
with
him
the
Spoils
of
some
Enemy
.
Letters
are
too
imperfect
to
set
forth
this
Monster
,
seeing
there
is
not
another
Cicero
living
to
bewail
his
unhappy
fate
.
5.
What
shall
I
say
of
thee
,
Great
Pompey
,
I
know
not
:
While
I
consider
the
vastness
of
thy
great
Fortune
and
Renown
,
that
once
orespread
the
Sea
as
well
as
the
Land
.
But
though
we
should
be
silent
,
the
Death
of
Cn.
Carbo
,
by
whom
thou
wert
protected
in
thy
youth
,
when
contesting
in
the
Forum
for
thy
estate
,
slain
by
thy
command
,
will
never
be
forgotten
:
by
which
ingrateful
fact
,
thou
didst
seem
to
stand
more
in
awe
of
Sylla's
Power
,
than
to
consult
thine
own
Honour
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
But
lest
other
Cities
should
insult
,
after
we
have
confess'd
our
own
Infirmities
;
we
finde
that
the
Carthaginians
had
an
intention
to
have
kill'd
or
banish'd
Hannibal
,
after
that
for
their
honour
and
for
the
enlargement
of
their
Empire
,
he
had
slain
so
many
of
our
Generals
,
and
cut
to
pieces
so
many
of
our
Armies
;
that
had
he
but
slain
so
many
common
Souldiers
of
his
Enemies
,
it
had
won
him
renown
sufficient
.
2.
Lacedaemon
never
bred
a
greater
or
more
profitable
Citizen
than
Lycurgus
;
being
a
person
that
the
Pythian
Apollo
did
not
disdain
to
speak
to
,
when
he
consulted
the
Oracle
,
and
told
him
,
He
knew
not
whether
he
were
to
be
accompted
a
Man
or
a
God
.
Yet
neither
the
Integrity
of
his
Life
,
nor
the
constant
Love
which
he
bare
his
Countrey
,
nor
all
the
wholesome
Laws
which
he
had
made
,
could
preserve
him
from
the
hatred
of
his
Citizens
.
For
sometimes
they
threw
stones
at
him
in
the
Streets
;
they
put
out
one
of
his
Eyes
,
and
at
last
utterly
banish'd
him
out
of
his
Countrey
.
What
may
we
think
of
other
Cities
,
when
a
City
so
famous
as
this
for
Constancy
,
Moderation
and
Gravity
,
proved
so
ungrateful
against
a
Citizen
so
well
deserving
?
3.
Take
Theseus
from
Athens
,
and
either
there
would
have
been
no
such
thing
as
Athens
,
or
else
not
half
so
famous
.
For
he
reduced
his
scatter'd
Countreymen
into
one
City
:
and
gave
the
shape
and
form
of
a
City
to
a
wild
and
clownish
People
before
.
When
he
was
but
a
Youth
,
he
quel●'d
the
usurping
Tyranny
of
Minos
:
He
tam'd
the
boundless
insolency
of
the
Thebans
:
He
assisted
the
Sons
of
Hercules
;
and
where-ever
Enormity
was
grown
headstrong
and
monstrous
,
he
overcame
it
by
his
Vertue
and
his
Power
.
Yet
was
he
banished
by
the
Athenians
,
and
the
Island
Scyros
,
less
than
the
Exile
,
became
only
famous
for
his
Tomb.
Solon
also
that
made
such
wholesome
Laws
,
and
so
famous
withal
,
that
had
the
Athenians
used
them
still
,
they
had
been
still
the
Lords
of
great
Territories
:
Who
took
Salamine
a
strong
Fortress
that
threatned
their
ruine
,
and
was
but
a
little
distance
from
them
:
Who
foresaw
the
Tyranny
of
Pisistratus
,
and
was
the
first
that
durst
advise
the
People
to
resist
him
by
force
of
Arms
;
in
his
old
age
lived
an
Exile
in
Cyprus
.
Nor
was
it
his
hap
to
be
buried
in
his
own
Countrey
,
of
which
he
had
so
well
deserved
.
The
Athenians
had
dealt
well
by
Miltiades
,
had
they
,
after
the
Battle
of
Marathon
,
wherein
he
overcame
the
Persians
,
with
their
loss
of
three
hundred
thousand
Men
,
sent
him
presently
into
Exile
,
and
not
kept
him
in
prison
till
he
died
:
Nay
more
than
that
,
they
would
not
suffer
his
Body
to
be
buried
,
till
Cimon
his
Son
had
surrender'd
himself
into
the
same
place
.
A
sad
Inheritance
for
the
Son
of
so
great
a
Captain
,
who
was
himself
afterwards
one
of
the
greatest
Captains
of
that
Age.
Aristides
also
,
who
was
the
Rule
of
Justice
all
over
Greece
,
and
the
greatest
example
of
Continence
that
ever
was
,
was
commanded
to
depart
his
Countrey
.
Happy
Athens
,
could
they
have
found
out
any
one
that
had
been
either
a
Good
Man
,
or
a
Lover
of
his
Countrey
,
after
this
man
was
gone
,
with
whom
Sanctity
itself
seem'd
to
go
along
!
Themistocles
was
a
notable
example
of
all
that
had
experience
of
the
Ingratitude
of
their
Countrey
:
For
when
he
had
setled
Athens
in
Peace
,
and
raised
it
to
be
the
most
famous
,
the
most
wealthy
,
the
Mistriss
of
all
Greece
,
he
found
his
Countrey-men
so
incens'd
against
him
,
that
he
was
forc'd
to
flie
to
the
mercy
of
Xerxes
,
whom
he
had
ruin'd
before
.
Phocion
,
who
was
endow'd
with
two
qualities
which
are
the
best
to
appease
Wrath
and
Fury
,
I
mean
Eloquence
and
Integrity
,
was
forced
by
the
Athenians
to
fly
his
Countrey
:
and
when
he
was
dead
,
he
was
not
permitted
so
much
as
one
turf
of
Athenian
land
to
cover
his
bones
.
Certainly
then
it
must
be
lookt
upon
as
a
publick
piece
of
Madness
,
by
common
consent
,
to
punish
the
greatest
Vertues
as
the
greatest
Crimes
:
which
not
being
to
be
any
where
endured
,
ought
to
have
been
more
especially
exploded
and
abominated
in
Athens
,
where
there
is
a
Law
against
Ingratitude
.
And
not
without
reason
,
because
he
looses
and
abolishes
the
commerce
of
doing
and
receiving
Benefits
,
which
is
the
support
of
human
Life
,
that
neglects
to
return
Kindness
for
Kindness
.
How
severely
therefore
are
they
to
be
reprehended
,
who
having
most
just
Laws
,
but
being
very
wickedly
enclined
,
rather
choose
to
obey
their
deprav'd
manners
,
than
their
Laws
?
So
that
if
it
could
happen
,
that
those
great
Persons
,
whose
misfortunes
I
have
related
,
could
appeal
to
any
other
Cities
,
d'
ye
think
they
would
not
quickly
have
silenced
those
talkative
People
,
as
ingenious
as
they
were
?
Marathon
glitters
with
the
Persian
Trophies
;
Salamis
and
Artemisium
beheld
the
Ruine
of
Xerxes
Navy
:
Those
Walls
that
were
pull'd
down
,
rise
more
glorious
from
their
ruines
.
But
what
are
become
of
all
those
great
Men
that
did
these
great
things
?
Answer
Athens
for
thy self
.
Thou
hast
suffer'd
Theseus
to
be
buried
in
a
little
Rock
;
Miltiades
to
die
in
Prison
,
and
Cimon
his
Son
to
wear
his
Fathers
chains
;
Themistocles
a
Victor
to
prostrate
himself
at
the
Knees
of
that
very
person
whom
he
had
vanquished
;
Phocion
also
,
Solon
and
Aristides
,
to
forsake
their
Houshold-gods
,
when
at
the
same
time
ye
give
divine
Honour
to
the
Bones
of
O●dipus
,
infamous
for
the
Death
of
his
Father
,
and
for
marrying
his
Mother
.
Read
therefore
thy
own
Law
,
which
thou
art
bound
by
oath
to
observe
;
and
since
thou
wouldst
not
give
due
Reward
●o
Vertue
,
make
just
atonements
to
their
injured
Ghosts
.
They
are
silent
;
but
whoever
reads
the
ungratetul
acts
of
the
Athenians
,
will
be
severe
and
free
to
eternity
to
reproach
so
great
a
Crime
.
CHAP.
IV.
Of
Piety
toward
Parents
.
ROMAN
Examples
.
-
1.
Cn.
Marcius
Coriolanus
.
-
2.
Scipio
Africanus
the
Great
.
-
3.
T.
Manlius
Torquatus
.
-
4.
M.
Aurelius
Cotta
.
-
5.
C.
Flaminius
Tribune
.
-
6.
Claudia
,
a
Vestal
.
-
7.
A
Daughter
that
gave
her
Mother
suck
in
Prison
.
External
Examples
.
-
1.
Pero
,
a
Daughter
,
gave
her
father
suck
in
Prison
.
-
2.
Cimon
the
Athenian
.
-
3.
Two
Brothers
Spaniards
.
-
4.
Cleobis
and
Bython
,
Amphinomus
and
Anapus
.
-
5.
Scythians
.
-
6.
Croesus
's
dumb
Son
.
-
7.
Pulto
.
BUt
leave
these
Ingrates
,
and
talk
of
those
that
have
been
accompted
pious
;
for
honest
subjects
are
more
pleasing
than
Stories
of
the
wicked
.
Let
us
come
then
to
those
,
who
have
been
so
fortunate
in
their
Offspring
,
as
never
to
repent
the
promotion
of
Generation
.
1.
Coriolanus
,
a
person
of
a
vast
Courage
and
deep
in
Counsel
,
and
well
deserving
of
his
Countrey
,
yet
almost
ruin'd
under
the
oppression
of
an
unjust
Sentence
,
fl
d
to
the
Volsci
,
who
were
Enemies
to
the
Romans
.
For
Vertue
gets
esteem
wherever
it
goes
.
So
that
where
he
only
sought
for
refuge
,
in
a
short
time
he
obtain'd
the
chief
command
of
all
things
.
And
it
hapned
that
he
,
who
was
by
the
Romans
refused
for
their
Leader
,
had
like
to
have
proved
their
most
fatal
Enemy
.
For
the
Volsci
having
often
overcome
our
Armies
,
by
his
Conduct
and
Valour
,
came
up
and
begirt
the
very
walls
of
Rome
.
For
this
reason
the
People
that
were
so
haughty
,
as
not
to
value
their
own
happiness
,
were
forced
to
supplicate
an
Exile
,
whose
offence
they
would
not
pardon
before
.
Embassadors
were
sent
to
appease
him
,
but
they
could
do
no
good
:
the
Priests
went
in
their
religious
Habits
,
but
returned
without
obtaining
any
favour
:
The
Senators
were
at
their
Wits
end
,
the
People
trembled
both
Men
and
Women
bewail'd
their
approaching
Calamity
.
But
then
Veturia
Coriolanus's
Mother
,
taking
along
with
her
Volumnia
his
Wife
,
and
Children
also
,
went
to
the
Camp
of
the
Volsci
:
Whom
assoon
as
her
Son
espied
,
O
my
Countrey
,
thou
hast
overcome
my
anger
,
said
he
,
by
vertue
of
this
Womans
tears
,
and
for
the
Wombs
sake
that
bare
me
,
I
forgive
thee
,
though
my
enemy
;
and
immediately
he
withdrew
his
Army
from
the
Roman
Territories
.
And
his
Piety
encountred
and
overcame
all
Obstacles
,
as
well
his
reveng●
of
the
Injury
received
,
the
hopes
of
Victory
,
as
the
fear
of
Death
upon
his
return
.
And
thus
the
sight
of
one
Parent
changed
a
most
severe
War
into
a
timely
Peace
.
2.
The
same
Piety
inflam'd
the
Elder
Africanus
,
hardly
past
the
age
of
Childhood
,
to
the
succour
of
his
Father
,
and
arm'd
him
with
manly
strength
in
the
midst
of
the
Battle
.
For
he
saved
the
Consul
,
being
desp●rately
wounded
in
the
Battle
which
he
lost
to
Hannibal
upon
the
River
Ticinus
:
nothing
terrified
either
by
the
weakness
of
his
Age
,
the
rawness
of
skill
in
War
,
or
the
event
of
an
unfortunate
Fight
,
which
would
have
dau●t●d
an
old
Soldier
;
he
thereby
merited
a
Crown
conspicuous
for
its
double
Honour
;
he
having
recover'd
from
the
jaws
of
death
,
a
Father
and
a
General
.
3.
Those
famous
Examples
the
City
only
received
by
hearsay
;
these
they
beheld
with
their
eyes
.
Pomponius
the
Tribune
had
accused
T.
Manlius
Imperiossus
to
the
People
,
for
that
he
had
exceeded
his
Commission
,
out
of
hopes
of
making
an
end
of
the
War
,
and
for
sending
away
his
Son
,
which
was
a
person
of
very
great
hopes
,
from
publick
employment
,
to
follow
his
own
coun●●ey-affairs
.
Which
when
Manlius
understood
,
he
came
to
the
City
,
and
went
by
break
of
day
to
Pomponius's
House
;
who
believing
that
he
came
to
aggravate
his
Fathers
Crimes
,
by
whom
he
had
been
〈◊〉
used
,
commanded
all
the
people
out
of
the
Chamber
,
that
he
might
the
more
freely
take
his
Examination
.
The
Son
having
thereby
got
an
opportunity
so
sit
for
his
turn
,
drew
his
Sword
which
he
had
brought
privately
under
his
Coat
,
compell'd
the
threatned
and
terrified
Consul
to
swear
,
that
he
would
forbear
any
farther
prosecution
of
his
Father
:
So
that
Imperiossus
never
came
to
his
Trial.
Piety
toward
mild
Parents
is
commendable
:
But
Manlius
,
the
more
severe
to
him
●is
Father
was
,
the
greater
praise
he
merited
,
by
the
assistance
which
he
gave
him
;
being
invited
by
no
allurement
of
Indulgence
,
but
only
natural
Affection
to
love
him
.
4.
This
sort
of
Piety
did
M.
Cotta
imitate
,
the
very
same
day
that
he
put
on
the
Coat
of
Manhood
;
when
assoon
as
he
descended
out
of
the
Capitol
,
he
accused
Carbo
who
had
condemn'd
his
Father
,
and
being
condemn'd
prosecuted
him
to
punishment
;
ennobling
his
early
Youth
,
and
first
attempt
in
publick
business
,
with
a
famous
action
.
5.
Paternal
Authority
was
equally
reverenced
by
C.
Flaminius
.
For
when
he
being
a
popular
Tribune
had
publish'd
a
Law
for
dividing
the
Gallick
Land
to
every
particular
man
,
in
opposition
to
the
Senate
,
and
quite
against
their
wills
,
contemning
both
their
threats
and
entreaties
,
and
not
at
all
terrified
with
the
threats
of
an
Army
,
which
they
menaced
to
raise
against
him
,
if
he
persisted
in
his
obstinacy
;
was
got
into
the
Pulpit
for
Orations
,
reading
his
Law
to
the
People
;
yet
when
his
Father
pull'd
him
away
,
he
came
down
obedient
to
Paternal
Command
:
no
man
murmuring
in
the
least
to
see
him
break
off
in
the
midst
of
his
Speech
.
6.
These
were
great
effects
of
Manly
Piety
;
but
I
cannot
tell
whether
the
act
of
Claudia
the
Vestal
Virgin
,
were
not
as
forcible
and
as
couragious
.
Who
,
when
she
saw
her
Father
pull'd
out
of
his
Triumphal
Chariot
,
by
the
rude
hand
of
a
Tribune
,
with
a
wonderful
celerity
interposing
her self
between
them
,
appeased
the
highest
Authority
in
the
City
,
inflamed
with
Anger
and
Malice
.
So
that
the
Father
rode
in
Triumph
to
the
Capitol
,
the
Daughter
to
the
Temple
of
Vesta
.
Nor
could
it
be
righty
decided
to
which
most
praise
was
due
,
whether
to
him
whom
Victory
,
or
her
whom
Piety
attended
.
7.
Pardon
me
most
antient
Hearths
,
pardon
me
eternal
Fires
,
if
the
context
of
our
work
lead
us
from
your
most
sacred
Temple
,
to
the
more
necessary
rather
than
magnificent
part
of
the
City
.
For
no
Misfortune
,
no
Poverty
cheapens
the
price
of
Piety
.
Rather
the
trial
of
it
is
the
more
certain
,
by
how
much
the
more
miserable
.
The
Pretor
had
delivered
to
the
Triumvir
a
noble
Woman
to
be
put
to
death
in
Prison
▪
being
condemned
for
some
hainous
Crime
.
But
the
Keeper
,
compassionating
her
case
,
did
not
strangle
her
presently
.
All
the
while
he
gave
her
Daughter
liberty
to
come
to
her
,
after
he
had
diligently
search'd
that
she
carried
her
no
food
,
believing
that
in
a
little
time
she
might
be
starv'd
to
death
.
But
seeing
her
live
many
days
without
any
alteration
,
he
began
to
consider
with
himself
by
what
means
she
kept
herself
alive
;
thereupon
more
diligently
watching
her
Daughter
,
he
observ'd
her
giving
her
Breast
to
her
Mother
,
and
pacifying
the
rage
of
her
hunger
with
her
Nipples
.
The
novelty
of
which
wonderful
sight
,
being
by
him
related
to
the
Triumvir
,
by
the
Triumvir
to
the
Pretor
,
by
the
Pretor
to
the
Council
of
the
Judges
,
they
granted
the
Woman
her
pardon
.
What
will
nor
Piety
invent
,
that
for
the
preservation
of
a
Parent
in
prison
,
found
out
so
strange
a
means
as
this
?
For
what
more
unusual
,
what
more
unheard-of
,
than
that
a
Mother
should
be
nourished
by
the
Breasts
of
a
Child
?
One
would
think
this
were
against
the
course
of
Nature
,
but
that
Nature
commands
us
in
the
first
place
to
love
our
Parents
.
FORRAIGN
Examples
.
1.
The
same
is
to
be
said
of
Pero's
Piety
,
who
preserved
her
Father
Cimon
,
fallen
into
the
same
misfortune
,
and
in
Prison
,
nourishing
him
like
an
Infant
,
in
his
decrepit
Age
,
with
the
Milk
of
her
Breasts
.
Mens
eyes
are
fix'd
,
and
in
an
amaze
,
when
they
behold
this
piece
of
Piety
represented
in
painting
.
2.
Nor
can
I
forget
thee
Cimon
,
that
didst
not
fear
to
purchase
the
Burial
of
thy
Father
,
with
a
voluntary
surrendring
thy
own
person
to
imprisonment
.
For
though
afterwards
it
hapned
,
that
thou
wert
both
a
famous
Citizen
and
a
renowned
Captain
,
yet
didst
thou
get
more
honour
in
the
prison
than
in
the
Council-Chamber
.
For
other
Vertues
deserve
admiration
,
but
Piety
merits
Love
.
3.
Nor
must
I
forget
the
two
Brothers
,
whose
Courage
was
more
no●●e
than
their
Birth
.
Who
being
born
of
●ow
P●●entage
in
Spain
,
grew
famous
by
their
D●●ths
,
laying
down
their
Lives
for
the
support
of
their
Family
.
For
they
having
agreed
with
the
Paciaeci
for
twelve
thousand
Pieces
of
Money
,
to
be
paid
to
their
Parents
after
their
Death
,
upon
condition
that
they
should
kill
Epastus
,
Tyrant
of
that
Countrey
;
not
only
performed
the
exploit
,
but
bravely
fell
in
performing
it
.
With
the
same
hands
revenging
their
Countrymen
,
punishing
Epastus
,
providing
a
maintenance
for
their
antient
Par●●●s
,
and
purchasing
renown
to
themselves
.
Therefore
now
they
live
in
their
Tombs
,
because
they
chose
rather
to
support
their
Fathers
in
their
old
Age
,
than
to
preserve
their
own
.
4.
A
more
known
pair
of
Brothers
were
Biton
and
Cleobis
,
Amphinomus
and
Anapus
:
The
first
,
because
they
drew
their
Mothers
Chariot
to
the
Temple
of
Juno
,
to
perform
the
Ceremonies
there
:
The
other
,
because
they
carried
their
Father
and
their
Mother
upon
their
Shoulders
,
through
the
midst
of
Aetna's
flames
:
but
neither
of
them
lost
their
Lives
.
5.
Nor
do
I
go
about
to
detract
from
the
honour
of
the
Argives
,
or
to
cloud
the
glory
of
the
Sicilians
.
But
I
hold
the
light
of
knowledg
to
the
ignorance
of
a
more
obscure
Piety
:
which
makes
me
renew
the
memory
of
a
piece
of
Scythian
Piety
.
For
Darius
invading
their
Territories
with
a
mighty
Army
,
they
retreated
before
him
to
the
very
utmost
Solitudes
of
all
Asia
.
Thereupon
being
by
his
Embassadours
questioned
,
when
they
would
make
an
end
of
flying
or
when
they
would
begin
to
fight
;
they
made
answer
.
That
they
had
neither
till'd
Lands
,
nor
any
Cities
which
were
worth
fighting
for
;
but
when
they
came
to
the
Monuments
of
their
Ancestors
,
then
he
should
know
how
the
Scythians
were
wont
to
fight
.
By
which
pious
answer
,
that
fierce
and
barbarous
Nation
redeem'd
themselves
from
the
scandal
of
Savageness
.
Therefore
is
Nature
the
first
and
best
Mistress
of
Piety
,
which
neither
wanting
the
help
of
Speech
,
nor
the
use
of
Letters
,
through
her
own
silent
and
proper
Power
infuses
Charity
into
the
breasts
of
Children
.
What
is
then
the
profit
of
Learning
?
That
their
Wits
should
be
more
polite
,
but
not
more
honest
.
For
true
Vertue
is
rather
born
than
acquired
.
6.
For
who
taught
such
People
as
wander
up
and
down
in
Carts
,
that
shelter
their
naked
Bodies
in
the
Woods
,
and
live
by
destroying
Cattle
like
Dogs
,
to
give
Darius
such
an
Answer
?
She
that
taught
Croesus's
Son
,
that
was
born
dumb
,
to
speak
for
the
preservation
of
his
Father
.
For
the
City
of
Sardis
being
taken
by
Cyrus
,
when
one
of
the
Persians
not
knowing
who
the
person
was
,
furiously
was
going
about
to
have
kill'd
his
Father
,
call'd
back
the
Sword
that
was
just
at
his
Throat
,
by
crying
out
aloud
to
the
Souldier
,
that
he
should
not
kill
King
Croesus
.
So
that
he
,
who
till
that
time
was
mute
,
recovered
his
Speech
for
the
safety
of
his
Father
.
The
same
Charity
arm'd
a
Youngman
of
Pinna
(
sirnamed
Pulto
)
in
the
Italian
War
,
with
the
same
strength
of
Body
and
Mind
:
Who
being
Governour
of
the
City
when
it
was
besieged
,
when
the
Roman
General
caused
his
Father
to
be
brought
forth
,
and
threatned
to
put
him
to
death
before
his
face
,
unless
he
would
deliver
up
the
Town
,
made
a
Sally
,
and
recovered
his
Father
out
of
the
Enemies
hands
.
Doubly
famous
,
●or
that
he
preserved
his
Father
,
and
yet
did
not
betray
his
Countrey
.
CHAP.
V.
Of
Fraternal
Benevolence
.
-
1.
P.
Africanus
the
Great
.
-
2.
M.
Fabius
Vibulanus
Cs.
-
3.
T.
Caesar
Augustus
.
-
4.
A
certain
Souldier
.
NExt
to
this
kind
of
Piety
follows
Fraternal
Benevolence
.
For
as
it
may
be
accompted
the
first
Bond
of
Friendship
,
to
have
received
many
and
great
Benefits
;
the
next
tye
is
,
that
we
have
received
them
together
.
For
how
abundantly
pleasant
is
the
remembrance
of
those
things
!
Before
I
was
born
I
liv'd
in
the
same
House
,
My
Infancy
lay
in
the
same
Cradle
,
The
same
Persons
were
Parents
to
both
,
The
same
Vows
were
made
for
both
,
and
we
enjoy
the
same
honour
by
our
extraction
.
A
Wife
is
dear
to
a
Husband
,
Children
dear
to
a
Parent
,
Friends
are
acceptable
,
and
Acquaintance
are
delightful
;
but
when
you
have
read
what
follows
,
there
is
no
Benevolence
that
exceeds
Brotherly
Loving
Kindness
.
1.
And
this
I
speak
by
the
testimony
of
Scipio
Africanus
,
who
though
he
had
contracted
a
most
strict
Friendship
with
Laelius
,
yet
he
besought
the
Senate
that
they
would
not
transfer
to
him
his
Brothers
Provincial
Lot
which
they
had
taken
from
him
,
and
promised
to
go
himself
Lieutenant
to
his
Brother
:
So
that
the
Elder
became
inferiour
to
the
Younger
Brother
,
the
stout
and
couragious
to
the
faint-hearted
,
the
renowed
to
a
person
of
no
fame
;
and
,
which
is
more
,
he
that
was
already
Africanus
,
to
him
that
was
not
yet
Asiaticus
.
So
that
he
assumed
one
of
the
most
noble
Sirnames
,
and
gave
the
other
.
He
received
the
Imperial
Coat
of
one
Triumph
,
and
gave
the
other
;
greater
by
assistance
,
than
his
Brother
by
Superiority
of
Command
.
2.
But
Marcus
Fabius
the
Consul
having
overthrown
the
Veientes
and
Hetrusci
,
in
a
most
remarkable
Fight
,
would
not
accept
of
a
Triumph
,
which
was
offer'd
him
with
the
full
consent
of
the
Senate
,
and
eager
desire
of
the
People
;
because
his
Brother
,
a
person
of
Consular
Dignity
,
was
kill'd
bravely
fighting
in
that
Battle
.
How
great
was
the
zeal
of
Fraternal
Charity
that
was
lodg'd
in
that
breast
,
that
could
not
be
extinguish'd
by
the
splendour
of
so
high
an
honour
?
3.
For
this
Example
Antiquity
is
famous
;
that
which
follows
has
been
no
small
Ornament
to
our
Age
,
who
have
had
the
honour
to
see
the
Fraternal
Yoak
of
the
Claudian
and
now
also
the
Glory
of
the
Julian
Family
.
For
so
great
a
Love
had
our
Prince
and
Parent
for
his
Brother
Drusus
,
that
when
he
understood
at
Ticinum
,
whither
he
came
a
Conquerour
to
embrace
his
Parents
,
that
his
Brother
Drusus
lay
dangerous
sick
in
Germany
,
in
a
frightful
amaze
he
flew
out
of
Town
.
And
the
Journey
which
he
made
appears
from
hence
to
have
been
so
swift
,
as
if
he
had
rode
it
at
one
breath
;
for
passing
the
Alpes
and
the
Rhine
,
he
posted
day
and
night
,
changing
his
Horses
,
above
two
hundred
Miles
,
through
several
barbarous
Nations
but
newly
conquer'd
,
in
the
company
of
Antabagius
only
,
who
was
his
guide
.
But
in
all
that
hazard
and
danger
,
when
he
had
forsaken
the
company
of
Men
,
the
most
sacred
name
of
Piety
,
and
the
Gods
that
are
the
favourers
of
all
laudable
Vertues
,
even
Jupiter
himself
,
the
faithful
Preserver
of
the
Roman
Empire
,
accompanied
him
.
Drusus
also
faint
and
weak
,
at
that
very
moment
when
there
is
little
or
no
distinction
to
be
made
between
Life
and
Death
,
ordered
the
Legions
with
their
Ensignes
to
go
and
meet
his
Brother
.
He
also
order'd
a
Praetorium
to
be
erected
for
him
upon
the
right
hand
,
and
would
make
him
take
the
Consular
and
Imperial
Dignity
:
and
at
the
same
time
he
submitted
to
the
Majesty
of
his
Brother
,
and
the
s●roak
of
Death
.
Nor
can
any
president
of
Fraternal
Love
be
compar'd
to
these
,
unless
it
be
the
Examplar
of
Castor
and
Pollux
.
4.
However
it
cannot
be
a
dishonour
to
the
Memory
of
the
most
famous
Emperours
,
to
mention
here
the
strange
Love
of
a
certain
Souldier
toward
his
Brother
.
For
he
being
in
pay
under
Pompey
,
and
having
slain
a
Soldier
under
Sertorius
,
that
press'd
him
very
hard
;
when
he
came
to
strip
him
,
and
found
him
to
be
his
own
Brother
,
cursing
the
Gods
for
giving
him
the
Victory
,
he
carried
him
near
the
Camp
,
and
putting
a
rich
Garment
upon
him
,
laid
him
upon
a
Funeral
Pile
.
Which
ass●on
as
he
had
kindled
,
with
the
same
Sword
wherewith
he
had
slain
his
Brother
,
he
thrust
himself
to
the
heart
,
and
falling
upon
his
Brother
,
was
burnt
in
the
same
flames
.
He
might
have
liv'd
Innocent
,
had
he
pleaded
Ignorance
;
but
he
rather
chose
to
make
use
of
his
own
Piety
,
than
the
pardon
of
others
;
and
for
that
reason
to
accompany
his
Brother
in
Death
.
CHAP.
VI.
Of
Piety
toward
their
Countrey
.
-
1.
L.
Junius
Brutus
first
Consul
.
-
2.
M.
Curtius
the
Roman
Knight
.
-
3.
M.
Genutius
Cipus
Pretor
.
-
4.
Q.
Aelius
Paetus
Pretor
.
-
5.
P.
Decius
Consul
.
-
6.
P.
Decius
Brother
of
Publius
Consul
.
-
7.
Africanus
the
Great
.
-
8.
The
Roman
Citizens
.
FORRAIGN
.
-
1.
Codrus
King
of
the
Athenians
.
-
2.
Thrasybulus
the
Athenian
.
-
3.
Themistocles
the
Athenian
.
-
4.
The
Philaeni
,
Brothers
.
-
5.
Aristotle
the
Stagirite
.
WE
have
seen
Piety
to
private
Relations
,
we
are
now
to
shew
it
toward
our
Native
Countrey
;
to
whose
Majesty
paternal
Authority
,
almost
equal
to
that
of
the
Gods
,
has
ever
submitted
,
and
to
which
Brotherly
Affection
willingly
yields
,
and
with
a
great
deal
of
reason
too
.
For
a
Family
may
be
ruin'd
,
and
yet
the
Commonwealth
be
safe
;
but
the
ruine
of
the
Commonwealth
necessarily
draws
with
it
the
destruction
of
every
Family
.
But
how
can
we
express
in
words
,
what
so
many
have
testified
at
the
expence
of
their
own
Lives
?
1.
Brutus
the
first
Consul
meeting
Aruns
the
Son
of
Tarquin
the
Proud
,
whom
he
had
expell'd
from
his
Kingdom
,
in
the
field
ran
at
him
with
that
fury
,
that
running
each
other
in
the
body
with
their
Spears
,
they
fell
both
dead
at
the
same
time
.
I
may
very
well
adde
,
that
the
Roman
People
paid
dear
for
their
Liberty
.
2.
But
when
the
Earth
suddenly
sunk
in
the
midst
of
the
Forum
,
leaving
a
wide
hole
;
and
that
the
Oracle
had
return'd
for
answer
,
that
nothing
could
fill
up
that
concavity
,
but
that
which
the
Roman
People
most
valued
;
Gurtius
a
young
Gentleman
,
noble
in
Birth
and
Minde
,
understanding
that
our
City
did
excel
in
Vertue
and
Warlike
Prowess
,
putting
on
all
his
Warlike
Ornaments
,
and
getting
up
a
Horseback
,
he
put
spurs
to
his
Horse
,
and
rid
full
speed
into
the
dismal
Precipice
,
upon
whom
the
Citizens
in
his
honour
cast
Fruit
and
Grain
,
and
then
the
Earth
miraculously
closed
again
.
Many
wonderful
things
did
afterwards
adorn
the
Forum
.
Yet
never
did
any
one
come
near
the
Piety
of
Gurtius
to
his
Countrey
:
For
which
,
as
deserving
the
chief
place
of
Honour
,
I
will
adde
another
somewhat
like
it
.
3.
Genucius
Cipus
being
Pretor
,
and
just
coming
out
of
the
City
in
his
Habit
of
General
,
there
befel
him
a
most
unheard-of
Prodigy
.
For
of
a
suddain
somewhat
started
out
of
his
Forehead
like
Horns
:
and
a
Vice
answer'd
,
that
he
should
be
a
King
,
if
he
return'd
into
the
City
again
.
Which
lest
it
should
happen
,
he
condemn'd
himself
to
perpetual
Banishment
.
A
noble
act
of
Piety
,
which
considering
the
honour
it
deserves
,
is
to
be
preferr'd
before
seven
Kings
.
In
testimony
whereof
,
a
brazen
Image
of
his
Head
was
set
up
upon
the
Gate
out
of
which
he
went
.
4.
Genucius
bequeath'd
the
inheritance
of
his
praise
,
than
which
a
greater
could
not
be
given
,
to
Aelius
the
Pretor
.
For
when
a
Crow
came
and
sate
upon
his
Head
,
as
he
was
sitting
in
Judgment
,
the
Soothsayers
affirm'd
,
that
if
he
preserv'd
the
Crow
,
his
Family
should
flourish
,
but
the
condition
of
the
Common-wealth
be
most
miserable
;
but
the
Crow
being
slain
,
the
quite
contrary
would
happen
to
both
:
took
the
Crow
and
wrung
off
his
neck
in
the
view
of
all
the
Senate
.
He
lost
seventeen
Souldiers
of
his
Fam●ly
,
all
stout
men
,
at
the
Battle
of
Can●ae
.
But
the
Common-wealth
soon
after
recover'd
it●
glory
.
But
these
Examples
Sylla
,
Marius
and
Cinna
laugh'd
at
as
ridiculous
.
5.
Decius
,
who
first
brought
the
Consulship
into
his
own
Family
,
seeing
the
Romans
ready
to
fly
and
almost
overthrown
in
the
Latin
War
,
vowed
his
own
Life
for
the
safety
of
the
Army
,
and
presently
,
putting
Spurs
to
his
Horse
,
he
flew
into
the
midst
of
his
Enemies
,
seeking
his
own
Death
and
the
Safety
of
the
Commonwealth
:
and
having
made
a
great
slaughter
,
at
length
orewhelm'd
with
the
multitude
of
Piles
and
Darts
,
the
Victime
fell
.
And
from
his
Blood
and
Wounds
sprang
an
unlookt
for
Victory
.
6.
There
might
have
been
but
one
example
of
such
a
General
,
had
he
not
begot
a
Son
answerable
to
him
in
courage
.
For
he
in
his
fourth
Consulship
,
with
the
same
devotion
and
stoutness
in
fight
;
with
the
same
event
of
fortune
,
sustain'd
the
weak
and
sinking
force
of
our
City
.
And
therefore
it
was
a
difficult
thing
to
understand
,
whether
it
were
more
profitable
for
the
Roman
City
to
have
the
Decii
Commanders
,
or
to
loose
them
:
For
living
,
they
kept
her
from
being
vanquished
,
but
by
their
death
it
overcame
.
7.
The
Elder
Scipio
did
not
loose
his
Life
for
the
Commonwealth
,
but
he
carefully
provided
against
the
destruction
of
the
Commonwealth
.
For
when
our
City
,
after
the
Battle
of
Cannae
,
expected
nothing
else
but
to
be
the
Victor
Hannibal's
prey
;
and
that
therefore
by
advice
of
L.
Metellus
,
the
reliques
of
the
broken
Army
were
consulting
to
forsake
Italy
:
He
being
a
young
Tribune
,
and
drawing
his
Sword
,
threatned
death
to
every
man
that
would
not
take
an
Oath
never
to
forsake
his
Countrey
:
And
not
only
shew'd
an
example
of
Piety
himself
,
but
recall'd
it
back
,
when
it
was
just
forsaking
the
breasts
of
others
.
8.
To
come
from
particulars
to
generals
;
How
was
the
City
equally
divided
in
their
flames
,
and
equally
inflamed
with
the
Love
of
their
Countrey
!
For
the
Treasury
being
emptied
in
the
Second
Punic
War
,
that
there
was
not
enough
for
the
performance
of
their
divine
Ceremonies
;
the
Publicans
going
to
the
Censors
,
promised
to
let
out
their
Money
,
in
the
same
abundance
,
as
if
Money
had
abounded
in
the
City
,
and
not
require
a
Farthing
profit
till
the
War
was
ended
.
The
Masters
also
of
the
Slaves
whom
Sempronius
Gracchus
had
made
free
,
for
fighting
so
stoutly
at
Beneventum
,
forbore
to
ask
any
Money
for
their
Service
.
In
the
Camp
it self
there
was
not
a
Knight
,
not
a
Centurion
that
desir'd
any
Pay
.
The
Men
and
Women
also
brought
what
Gold
and
Silver
they
had
,
nay
the
Children
also
brought
their
Purple
Coats
and
Golden
Hearts
,
that
hung
about
their
Necks
,
which
were
the
ensignes
of
their
Ingenuities
.
Nor
would
any
one
take
advantage
of
the
benefit
of
the
Senates
Decree
,
whereby
such
and
such
were
freed
from
Taxes
.
For
they
were
not
ignorant
,
when
Veia
was
taken
,
when
the
Gold
which
Camillus
had
vowed
as
the
Tenth
of
their
Spoil
should
have
been
sent
to
the
Oracle
of
Apollo
,
but
could
not
be
purchased
,
that
the
Matrons
brought
in
all
their
Golden
Ornaments
into
the
Capitol
.
They
had
also
heard
,
that
the
Thousand
Pound
of
Gold
,
which
was
to
be
paid
to
the
Gauls
,
when
they
besieged
the
Capitol
,
was
made
up
by
their
Liberality
.
And
therefore
out
of
their
own
Goodness
,
and
admonished
by
the
Example
of
Antiquity
,
they
thought
they
were
not
to
be
out-done
.
FORREIGN
Examples
.
1.
But
I
will
touch
upon
some
few
Forreign
Examples
to
the
same
purpose
.
The
King
of
the
Athenians
,
Codrus
,
when
he
saw
his
Territories
wasted
and
invaded
by
vast
numbers
of
his
Enemies
,
despairing
of
humane
assistance
,
sent
to
the
Oracle
of
Apollo
,
and
by
his
Embassadors
desired
to
know
,
which
way
he
might
avoid
that
terrible
War
.
The
God
returned
for
answer
,
that
it
would
be
ended
when
he
fell
by
his
Enemies
hand
.
Which
was
not
only
spread
about
among
his
own
People
,
but
in
the
Camp
of
the
Enemy
:
who
thereupon
commanded
that
not
a
man
should
touch
the
body
of
Codrus
.
Which
when
the
King
understood
,
he
threw
off
his
Royal
Robes
,
and
in
a
servile
Habit
threw
himself
into
the
midst
of
a
Squadron
of
the
Enemy
,
that
were
out
a
forraging
,
and
wounding
one
of
them
with
a
scythe
,
provoked
the
souldier
to
kill
him
;
by
whose
Death
Athens
escaped
ruine
.
2.
From
the
same
Fountain
of
Piety
flowed
the
soul
of
Thrasybulus
.
For
he
being
desirous
to
free
his
Countrey
from
the
oppression
of
the
Thirty
Tyrants
,
and
was
going
about
the
enterprize
with
a
small
number
of
Men
,
one
of
his
Company
said
to
him
;
How
much
will
Athens
be
indebted
to
thee
,
if
they
regain
their
Liberty
by
thy
means
?
The
Gods
grant
,
answered
he
,
that
I
may
have
then
paid
them
what
I
owe
them
.
With
which
Wish
he
heap'd
a
greater
honour
upon
his
renowned
work
of
destroying
the
Tyranny
.
3.
But
Themistocles
,
whose
Vertue
made
him
Conquerour
,
his
Countries
injury
the
General
of
the
Persians
,
that
he
might
not
be
forced
to
invade
it
,
having
instituted
a
sacrifice
,
he
drank
up
a
full
Beaker
of
Bulls
Blood
,
and
fell
before
the
Altar
a
renowned
Victime
of
Piety
.
4.
There
follows
an
Example
of
the
same
nature
.
When
Carthage
and
Cyrene
contended
most
obstinately
for
a
spot
of
ground
;
at
length
it
was
agreed
to
send
certain
Young-men
from
such
a
distance
,
and
where
ever
they
met
,
that
place
to
be
the
bound
of
both
their
Territories
.
But
in
this
Agreement
two
Carthaginian
Brothers
,
call'd
Philaeni
,
were
too
hard
for
the
other
,
setting
out
sooner
and
making
more
haste
:
which
when
the
Young-men
of
Cyrene
understood
,
they
for
a
long
time
complain'd
of
their
fallacy
;
but
at
length
they
resolv'd
to
recompence
the
injury
by
proposing
a
severe
condition
.
For
they
proposed
to
the
Carthaginians
,
that
that
place
should
be
the
bounds
agreed
upon
,
provided
the
Philaeni
would
suffer
themselves
to
be
buried
there
.
But
the
event
disappointed
their
expectation
;
for
they
without
any
delay
delivered
their
bodies
to
be
buried
.
Who
,
because
they
rather
desired
large
bounds
to
their
Countrey
,
than
large
limits
of
Life
,
lye
entombed
in
honour
,
the
Punic
Empire
being
extended
by
the
resignation
of
their
bones
.
Where
are
now
the
proud
Walls
of
Carthage
?
Where
is
the
Maritime
Glory
of
that
Port
?
Where
is
their
Navy
,
so
terrible
upon
every
shore
?
Where
are
all
their
Armies
?
Where
their
numerous
Squadrons
of
Horse
?
Where
those
Souls
that
were
not
satisfied
with
the
vast
tract
of
Africa
?
All
these
things
Fortune
divided
between
two
Scipio's
.
But
the
destruction
of
their
Countrey
did
not
abolish
the
memory
of
that
noble
Act
perform'd
by
the
Philaeni
.
So
that
mortal
courage
or
strength
can
purchase
nothing
immortal
,
but
Vertue
alone
.
5.
This
Piety
was
inflamed
with
youthful
Z●al
.
But
Aristotle
,
hardly
able
to
maintain
the
reliques
of
old
Age
in
his
wrinkled
Members
,
so
strongly
laboured
for
the
safety
of
his
Countrey
,
that
he
snatch'd
it
out
of
the
hands
of
the
Macedonians
,
almost
levell'd
with
the
ground
and
in
their
possession
,
as
he
lay
in
his
little
Bed
in
Athens
.
So
that
Stagira
was
no
less
famous
for
being
subverted
by
Alexander
,
as
for
being
restor'd
by
Aristotle
.
Hence
it
is
apparent
,
how
kinde
,
nay
how
profuse
in
their
piety
in
their
Countrey
,
all
ages
,
all
degrees
of
men
have
been
:
And
how
the
truth
of
wonderful
Examples
,
evident
to
the
world
,
hath
subscribed
to
the
Laws
of
Nature
.
CHAP.
VII
.
Of
the
Love
and
Indulgence
of
Fathers
to
their
Children
.
Among
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
Rullianus
.
-
2.
Caesetius
Flavus
.
-
3.
Octavius
Balbus
.
FORREIGN
Kings
.
-
1.
Seleucus
of
Syria
.
-
2.
Ariobarzanes
of
Cappadocia
.
LEt
the
Indulgence
of
pious
and
dear
Affection
of
Parents
toward
their
Children
set
sail
;
and
carried
with
a
fair
gale
,
return
home
laden
with
a
grateful
portion
of
sweetness
.
1.
Fabius
Rullianus
after
he
had
been
Five
times
Consul
,
and
every
time
honourably
discharged
his
Office
,
admir'd
for
al
the
Vertues
and
Merits
of
his
Life
,
did
not
disdain
to
go
Lieutenant
to
his
Son
Fabius
Gurges
,
then
marching
to
put
an
end
to
a
difficult
and
dangerous
War
,
going
into
the
Field
as
it
were
with
a
Soul
without
a
Body
:
His
old
age
being
more
proper
for
the
ease
of
a
Bed
,
than
the
labour
of
Combats
.
He
also
followed
the
Triumphers
Chariot
,
whom
he
had
formerly
carried
in
his
own
:
and
appeared
not
the
Companion
,
but
the
Author
of
the
Triumph
.
2.
Caesetius
the
Roman
Knights
sate
was
not
altogether
so
glorious
,
yet
his
Indulgence
to
his
Son
was
no
less
;
who
being
commanded
by
Caesar
,
now
Victor
over
all
his
forreign
and
domestick
Enemies
,
to
disinherit
and
abjure
his
Son
,
because
that
he
being
Tribune
of
the
People
had
accused
Caesar
to
the
People
of
affecting
the
Empire
,
ventur'd
to
give
him
this
Answer
,
Thou
shalt
rather
take
from
me
,
O
Caesar
,
all
my
Sons
,
thou
compel
me
to
disinherit
this
one
,
by
my
own
act
.
But
he
had
two
sons
besides
,
that
were
hopeful
Yong-men
,
to
whom
Caesar
had
largely
promised
great
Preferment
.
However
he
preserv'd
the
other
safe
,
through
the
Clemency
of
the
divine
Prince
;
Yet
who
would
not
think
,
but
that
he
did
more
than
humane
Wit
durst
do
,
that
would
not
stoop
to
him
,
who
had
subdued
all
the
World
under
his
command
?
3.
But
I
cannot
tell
whether
Octavius
Balbus
were
not
more
kind
and
ardently
affectionate
toward
his
Son
.
For
he
being
proscribed
by
the
Triumvirs
,
and
being
got
out
of
a
Back-door
of
his
House
,
hearing
a
false
report
that
his
son
was
kill'd
at
home
,
he
return'd
to
the
slaughter
which
he
had
avoided
,
and
delivered
himself
up
to
be
murthered
by
the
souldiers
.
The
moment
wherein
he
saw
his
son
safe
,
being
of
more
value
to
him
than
his
own
security
.
Oh
unfortune
eyes
of
that
Young-man
,
with
which
he
could
not
avoid
beholding
a
most
loving
Father
expiring
for
his
sake
!
FORREIGN
Examples
.
1.
But
let
us
come
to
things
more
pleasant
to
the
ear
.
Antiochus
the
son
of
King
Seleucus
,
distractedly
in
love
with
his
Mother-in-law
Stratonice
,
considering
with
what
unlawful
flames
he
burnt
,
cover'd
the
impious
wound
of
his
breast
with
a
pious
dissimulation
.
Thereupon
different
Affections
being
included
in
the
same
Marrow
and
Bowels
,
unlimited
Desires
and
excessive
Modesty
had
consumed
his
Body
to
nothing
.
He
kept
his
bed
,
like
one
ready
to
expire
.
His
Relations
mourn'd
;
the
Father
was
overwhelm'd
with
sadness
,
lamenting
the
loss
of
his
only
son
,
and
the
want
of
succession
,
and
the
face
of
the
whole
Court
was
rather
Funest
,
than
Royal.
But
this
cloud
of
sadness
was
soon
dispell'd
by
the
foresight
of
Leptines
the
Mathematician
,
or
as
others
say
,
of
Erasistratus
the
Physician
;
who
sitting
upon
Antiochus's
Bed-side
,
observing
him
to
blush
when
Stratonice
entered
the
Chamber
,
and
that
his
Pulses
beat
with
more
life
;
but
that
he
waxed
pale
,
and
fetch'd
deep
sighs
,
when
she
departed
again
:
At
length
found
out
the
truth
,
and
declared
it
to
Seleucus
.
Who
without
any
more
ado
parted
with
his
dearest
Wife
to
his
son
:
attributing
his
Love
to
Chance
,
but
the
concealing
it
to
death
to
his
Modesty
.
Let
us
now
consider
Seleucus
as
a
King
,
an
Old
Man
,
and
a
Lover
,
and
then
it
will
appear
how
many
and
how
difficult
obstacles
did
Paternal
Indulgence
overcome
.
2.
Seleucus
parted
only
with
his
Wife
,
but
Ariobarzanes
parted
with
the
Kingdom
of
Cappadocia
to
his
son
in
Pompey's
presence
:
whose
Tribunal
when
he
ascended
,
and
by
him
invited
sate
down
also
in
the
Running-C●air
,
he
beheld
his
son
sitting
by
the
Secretary
in
a
seat
below
his
Dignity
.
Thereupon
he
presently
descended
from
the
Running-Chair
,
and
taking
his
Diadem
from
his
own
,
put
it
upon
his
sons
head
,
and
began
to
urge
him
to
ascend
to
the
place
from
whence
he
came
.
The
Young-man
wept
,
his
Body
trembled
,
the
Diadem
fell
out
of
his
hand
,
nor
could
he
go
any
further
:
And
,
which
was
almost
incredible
,
he
that
parted
with
a
Kingdom
was
glad
;
he
that
was
to
accept
it
,
sad
and
sorrowful
.
Nor
had
that
famous
contest
had
an
end
,
had
not
Pompey
interposed
his
Authority
;
For
he
called
the
Prince
King
,
commanded
him
to
take
the
Diadem
,
and
constrained
him
to
sit
down
by
him
in
the
Running-Chair
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Persons
severe
towards
their
Children
.
-
1.
L.
Junius
Brutus
first
Consul
.
-
2.
Cassius
Viscellinus
.
-
3.
Titus
Manlius
Torquatus
the
Lawyer
.
-
4.
M.
Aemilius
Scaurus
.
-
5.
A.
Fulvius
.
1.
THe
Lenity
of
the
foregoing
Parents
was
Comical
,
the
Severity
of
these
that
follow
Tragical
.
Lucius
Brutus
that
equall'd
Romulus
in
honour
;
for
he
founded
Rome
,
and
this
the
Roman
Liberty
.
He
coming
to
the
Supreme
Power
,
and
understanding
that
his
Sons
endeavour'd
to
restore
Tarquin
,
caus'd
them
to
be
apprehended
,
and
to
be
whipt
with
Rods
before
the
Tribuna
;
●nd
after
that
,
caus'd
them
to
be
tied
to
a
stake
,
and
then
ordered
the
Serj●ant
to
cut
off
their
Heads
.
He
put
off
the
relation
of
a
Father
,
that
he
might
act
like
a
Consul
:
and
rather
chose
to
live
Childless
,
that
to
be
remiss
in
publick
revenge
.
2.
Cassius
following
his
Example
,
though
his
Son
were
a
Tribune
of
the
People
,
and
were
the
first
that
had
promulgated
the
Agrarian
Law
,
and
by
many
other
Popular
Acts
had
won
the
hearts
of
the
people
,
when
he
had
laid
down
his
command
,
by
advice
of
his
Kindred
and
Friends
,
condemn'd
him
in
his
own
house
for
affecting
the
Kingdom
:
and
after
he
was
whipt
,
commanded
him
to
be
put
to
death
;
and
consecrated
his
estate
to
Ceres
.
3.
Titus
Manlius
Terquatus
,
famous
for
his
many
great
Dignities
,
and
a
person
of
rare
experience
in
the
Civil
Law
and
the
Pontifical
Ceremonies
,
did
not
think
it
necessary
to
consult
his
Friend
in
an
act
of
the
same
nature
.
For
when
the
Macedonians
had
by
their
Embassadours
complain'd
to
the
Senate
of
D.
Silanus
his
Son
,
who
was
Governour
of
that
Province
,
he
besought
the
Senate
,
that
they
would
determine
nothing
in
that
affair
,
till
he
had
heard
the
●●fference
betwixt
his
Son
and
the
Macedonians
.
Then
with
the
general
consent
of
the
Conscript
Fathers
,
and
of
them
that
came
to
complain
,
he
sate
and
heard
the
cause
in
his
own
House
,
wherein
he
spent
two
whole
days
alone
,
and
the
third
day
,
after
he
had
diligently
examin'd
the
testimonies
on
both
sides
,
he
pronounced
this
Sentence
:
Whereas
it
hath
been
proved
,
that
Silanus
,
my
Son
,
has
taken
Money
of
our
Allies
,
I
think
him
unworthy
to
live
either
in
the
Commonwealth
,
or
in
my
House
,
and
I
command
him
forthwith
to
get
out
of
my
sight
.
Silanus
struck
with
the
sharp
and
cruel
Sentence
of
his
Father
,
would
not
endure
to
live
any
longer
,
but
the
next
night
hang'd
himself
.
Now
had
Torquatus
done
the
part
of
a
severe
Judge
;
he
had
made
satisfaction
to
the
Common●●●th
;
the
Macedonians
had
their
revenge
;
and
one
would
have
thought
,
that
the
Fathers
rigour
might
have
bin
mollified
by
the
unfortunate
end
of
his
Son
:
But
he
would
neither
be
present
at
his
Funeral
,
nor
listen
to
them
that
came
to
consult
him
about
his
Burial
.
4.
But
M.
Scaurus
,
the
Light
and
Ornament
of
his
Countrey
,
when
the
Roman
Cava●ty
was
worsted
by
the
Cimbrians
,
and
deserting
the
Proconsul
Catulus
,
took
their
flight
toward
the
City
,
sent
one
to
tell
his
Son
,
who
was
one
of
those
that
fled
,
that
he
had
rather
meet
with
his
carcass
slain
in
the
field
,
than
see
him
guilty
of
such
a
shameful
flight
.
And
therefore
if
there
were
any
shame
remaining
in
his
breast
,
degenerate
as
he
was
,
he
should
shun
the
sight
of
his
enraged
Father
:
For
by
the
remembrance
of
his
youth
,
he
was
admonish'd
what
kind
of
Son
was
to
be
owned
or
contemned
by
such
a
Father
as
Scaurus
Which
message
being
deliver'd
him
,
the
young
man
was
forced
to
make
a
more
fatal
use
of
his
Sword
against
himself
,
than
against
his
enemies
.
5.
No
less
imperiously
did
A.
Fulvius
,
one
of
the
Senatorian
Order
,
keep
back
his
Son
from
going
into
the
field
,
than
Scaurus
chid
his
for
running
away
.
For
he
caus'd
his
Son
,
eminent
among
his
equals
,
for
his
Wit
,
Learning
and
Beauty
to
be
put
to
death
;
because
he
took
part
with
Catiline
,
being
seduced
by
ill
counsel
:
having
brought
him
back
by
force
,
as
he
was
going
to
Catiline's
Army
,
and
uttering
these
words
before
his
death
,
That
he
did
not
beget
him
to
join
with
Catiline
against
his
Countrey
,
but
to
serve
his
Countrey
against
Catiline
.
He
might
have
kept
him
in
till
the
heat
of
the
War
had
been
over
;
but
that
would
have
bin
only
the
act
of
a
cautious
,
this
was
the
deed
of
a
severe
Father
.
CHAP.
IX
.
Of
those
that
us'd
Moderation
toward
their
suspected
Children
.
-
1.
L.
Gellius
Publicola
.
-
2.
Q.
Hortensius
the
Orator
.
-
3.
One
Fulvius
.
-
4.
A
certain
Parent
.
BUt
to
temper
this
incensed
and
sharp
Severity
with
a
mixture
of
Clemency
,
let
us
joyn
acts
of
Pardon
to
exactness
of
Punishment
.
1.
L.
Gellius
,
a
person
that
had
gone
through
all
the
Offices
of
Honour
,
even
tot
he
Censorship
,
when
he
had
almost
discovered
his
Son
to
be
guilty
of
most
hainous
Crimes
,
as
lying
with
his
Mother-in-law
,
and
plotting
with
her
to
take
away
his
Fathers
Life
,
did
not
presently
run
to
revenge
himself
,
but
after
he
had
consulted
almost
the
whole
Senate
,
after
he
had
charged
him
,
gave
him
the
liberty
to
speak
for
himself
,
and
after
a
strict
Examination
and
Trial
,
he
acquitted
him
.
Had
he
hasted
to
cruelty
out
of
the
motions
of
Anger
,
he
had
committed
a
greater
crime
,
than
that
which
he
sought
to
punish
.
2.
Quintus
Hortensius
,
who
in
his
time
was
the
Ornament
of
the
Roman
Eloquence
,
shew'd
a
singular
example
of
Patience
to
his
Son
.
For
when
he
knew
him
to
be
so
debauch'd
,
that
he
could
not
endure
his
impiety
,
and
for
that
reason
being
about
to
make
Messala
his
Sist●rs
Son
his
Heir
,
he
told
the
Senate
,
while
he
was
defending
him
from
an
accusation
of
bribing
the
Peoples
voices
,
that
if
they
condemn'd
him
,
he
should
have
nothing
left
but
the
Kiss
of
his
Nephews
.
Intimating
by
those
words
which
he
inserted
in
his
Oration
,
that
he
reserv'd
his
Son
,
rather
in
the
torment
of
his
minde
,
than
among
his
pleasures
:
Yet
that
he
might
not
invert
the
order
of
Nature
,
he
left
his
Estate
to
his
Son
,
and
not
to
his
Nephews
.
Moderately
using
his
Affections
:
For
that
in
his
life
he
gave
an
impartial
testimony
of
his
manners
,
and
being
dead
he
did
him
the
honour
which
was
due
to
his
blood
.
3.
The
same
thing
did
Fulvius
,
a
man
of
great
Fame
and
Dignity
.
For
when
he
had
besought
the
Senate
,
that
his
Son
,
being
suspected
of
Parricide
,
might
be
sought
for
by
the
Triumvir
,
and
apprehended
by
the
Senates
Warrant
;
he
not
only
surceas'd
to
prosecute
him
,
but
also
left
him
all
his
Estate
after
his
decease
.
Constituting
the
person
whom
he
had
begot
,
not
the
person
whose
wickedness
he
had
experienc'd
,
for
his
Heir
.
4.
To
these
merciful
Acts
of
great
men
,
I
will
adde
one
new
and
unusual
Example
of
an
unknown
Parent
:
Who
finding
that
his
Son
lay
in
wait
for
his
life
,
and
not
believing
that
any
●rue-born
and
truely-begotten
Child
could
ever
harbour
such
lewd
and
wicked
thoughts
,
took
h●●
Wife
one
day
aside
,
and
asked
her
very
seriously
,
whether
:
he
Child
were
supposititious
,
or
whether
she
had
conceived
him
by
another
?
But
being
assured
by
her
Oaths
and
Asseverations
,
that
he
had
not
any
reason
to
be
in
that
manner
jealous
;
he
at
length
took
his
Son
with
him
into
a
private
place
,
deliver'd
him
a
Sword
which
he
had
secretly
brought
along
with
him
,
and
bid
him
cut
his
throat
;
telling
him
withal
,
that
he
needed
make
use
neither
of
Poyson
nor
Thieves
to
compleat
his
Parricide
.
The
immediate
thought
of
which
act
,
not
by
degrees
,
but
so
suddainly
possess'd
the
breast
of
the
young
man
,
that
flinging
away
his
Sword
,
Live
Father
,
said
he
,
live
;
and
if
you
are
so
dutiful
,
as
to
permit
such
a
Son
to
pray
,
may
you
excel
me
in
length
of
days
.
But
I
beseech
you
withal
,
let
not
this
my
Love
seem
the
more
ignoble
,
because
it
proceeds
from
penitence
.
O
Solitude
more
sacred
than
Bloodshed
!
O
Woods
more
free
from
cruelty
than
home
it self
!
O
Sword
more
kinde
than
nourishment
!
O
more
happy
benefit
of
Death
offer'd
,
than
of
Life
bestow'd
!
CHAP.
X.
Of
those
who
have
couragiously
born
the
Death
of
their
Children
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
M.
Horatius
Pulvillus
,
Cos.
2.
-
2.
L.
Aemilius
Paulus
.
-
3.
Q.
Marcius
Rex
.
FORREIGNERS
.
-
1.
Pericles
the
Arhenian
.
-
2.
Xenophon
.
-
3.
Anaxagoras
.
HAving
made
a
relation
of
such
Parents
as
patiently
brooked
the
Injuries
of
their
Children
,
let
us
speak
of
such
as
have
born
their
Death
couragiously
.
1.
Horatius
Pulvillus
being
to
dedicate
a
Temple
in
the
Capitol
of
Jupiter
,
as
he
was
holding
the
post
,
and
ready
to
pronounce
certain
solemn
words
,
news
was
brought
him
that
his
Son
was
dead
:
But
he
neither
took
his
hand
off
the
post
,
nor
made
the
least
interruption
in
the
Dedication
of
the
Temple
,
nor
altered
his
countenance
from
the
publick
Ceremony
to
his
private
Grief
;
lest
he
might
seem
rather
to
have
acted
the
part
of
a
Father
,
than
a
High-priest
.
Bury
the
carcass
then
,
said
he
.
2.
A
great
Example
,
and
no
less
renowned
than
the
former
,
is
that
which
follows
.
Aemilius
Paulus
,
the
pattern
of
a
most
happy
,
yet
a
most
unfortunate
Father
,
of
four
Sons
which
he
had
,
all
hopeful
and
beautiful
youths
,
had
translated
two
into
the
Cornelian
Family
by
right
of
Adoption
,
and
only
reserved
two
to
himself
.
One
of
which
died
four
daies
before
his
Fathers
Triumph
.
The
other
alive
in
the
Triumphal
Chariot
expir'd
the
third
day
after
.
Thus
he
that
was
so
liberal
in
bestowing
Children
upon
others
,
was
himself
left
childless
in
a
short
time
.
Which
Misfortune
,
that
you
may
know
how
magnanimously
he
brook'd
it
,
he
made
plainly
apparent
in
an
Oration
which
he
made
to
the
People
,
concerning
the
Actions
which
he
had
done
for
them
,
by
adding
this
little
clause
:
When
in
the
highest
success
of
my
felicity
,
I
was
afraid
,
most
noble
Romans
,
that
Fortune
would
do
me
some
mischief
or
other
;
I
prayed
to
Jupiter
,
Juno
and
Minerva
,
that
if
any
thing
of
Calamity
threatned
the
Roman
Government
,
they
would
exhaust
it
all
upon
my
Family
.
And
therefore
't
is
very
well
;
for
according
to
my
wishes
,
they
have
so
ordered
it
,
that
you
should
rather
compassionate
my
private
,
than
I
bewail
your
publick
losses
.
3.
I
will
only
adde
one
Domestic
Example
more
,
and
then
permit
my
Story
to
wander
.
Q.
Marcius
Rex
the
Elder
,
Colleague
with
Cato
in
the
Consulship
,
lost
a
Son
of
eminent
hopes
and
piety
,
and
which
added
to
his
calamity
,
his
onely
Child
.
Yet
when
he
saw
his
Family
ruin'd
and
ended
by
his
death
,
he
so
suppress'd
his
grief
by
the
depth
of
his
prudence
,
that
immediately
he
went
from
his
Sons
grave
to
the
Senate-house
;
and
as
it
was
his
duty
that
day
,
immediately
summon'd
all
the
Senators
together
.
So
that
had
he
not
generously
sustain'd
his
sorrow
,
he
could
not
have
equally
divided
the
light
of
one
day
between
a
sad
and
mournful
Father
,
and
a
stout
Consul
;
not
having
omitted
the
good
offices
of
either
.
FORREIGNERS
.
1.
Pericles
Prince
of
the
Athenians
,
in
four
days
having
lost
two
most
incomparable
Youths
;
the
very
same
time
,
without
any
alteration
in
his
Countenance
,
or
discomposure
in
his
Speech
,
made
a
publick
Oration
to
the
People
.
Nay
,
according
to
Custome
,
he
went
with
his
Coronet
upon
his
Head
,
that
he
might
not
omit
any
thing
of
the
antient
Ceremony
for
the
wound
of
his
Family
.
Therefore
was
it
not
without
cause
,
that
a
person
of
his
magnanimous
spirit
,
obtain'd
the
Sirname
of
Olympian
.
2.
Xenophon
,
the
next
to
Plato
in
the
happy
degree
of
Eloquence
,
when
he
was
performing
a
solemn
Sacrifice
,
receiv●d
news
that
the
eldest
of
his
Sons
,
named
Gryllus
,
was
slain
in
the
Battle
of
Mantinea
:
However
,
he
would
not
forbear
the
appointed
worship
of
the
Gods
,
but
only
was
contented
to
lay
aside
his
Garland
;
which
yet
he
put
on
again
upon
his
head
,
when
he
understood
,
that
he
sell
couragiously
fighting
;
calling
the
Gods
to
which
he
sacrificed
to
witness
,
that
he
more
rejoyced
at
the
noble
manner
of
his
Death
,
than
sorrow'd
for
his
loss
.
Another
person
would
have
remov'd
the
Sacrifice
,
would
have
thrown
away
the
Ornaments
of
the
Altars
,
and
cast
away
the
Incense
all
bedabl'd
with
tears
.
But
Xenophon's
body
stood
immoveable
to
Religion
,
and
,
his
minde
remain'd
fix'd
in
the
advice
of
prudence
.
For
he
thought
it
a
thing
far
more
sad
to
submit
to
grief
,
than
to
think
of
the
loss
which
he
had
suistain'd
.
3.
Neither
was
Anaxagoras
to
be
suppress'd
.
For
hearing
the
news
of
his
bons
death
:
Thou
tellest
me
,
said
he
,
nothing
new
or
unexpected
:
For
I
knew
,
that
as
be
was
begot
by
me
,
be
was
mortal
.
These
expressions
were
the
voice
of
Vertue
,
season'd
with
most
wholesome
Precepts
,
which
whosoever
rightly
understands
,
will
consider
,
that
Children
are
so
to
be
begot
,
as
that
we
may
remember
,
that
the
Law
of
Nature
has
prescrib'd
them
a
Law
of
receiving
and
yielding
up
their
breath
,
both
at
the
same
moment
:
And
that
as
no
man
ever
died
that
did
not
live
,
so
no
man
ever
lived
that
must
not
dye
.
LIB.
VI.
CHAP.
I.
Of
Chastity
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Lucretia
.
-
2.
L.
Virginius
.
-
3.
Pontius
Aufidianus
Roman
Knight
.
-
4.
P.
Maenius
.
-
5.
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
Servilianus
.
-
6.
P.
Attilius
Philiscus
.
-
7.
Claudius
Marcellus
.
-
8.
Q.
Metellus
Celer
.
-
9.
T.
Veturius
-
10.
C.
Pescentius
.
-
11.
Cominius
.
-
12.
C.
Marius
.
-
13.
Certain
private
persons
that
vindicated
private
Adulteries
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Hippo
a
Grecian
.
-
2.
Chiomara
,
wife
of
Orgiaguns
.
-
3.
The
Teutons
wives
.
WHence
shall
I
summon
thee
forth
,
fair
Chastity
,
the
chief
support
of
Men
and
Women
!
For
thou
inhabitest
the
Hearths
consecrated
to
Vesta
,
by
the
antient
Religion
.
Thou
broodest
upon
the
Cushions
of
Jupiter
Capitoline
.
Thou
the
pillar
of
the
Palatium
,
renderest
famous
the
most
illustrious
Houshold-Gods
,
and
the
most
sacred
Genial
Bed
of
Julia
,
by
thy
fixed
habitation
there
.
Thy
Guardianship
defends
the
honour
of
young
Youth
.
And
out
of
respect
to
thy
Deity
,
riper
age
continues
incontaminate
.
Under
thy
protection
the
Matrons
Stole
,
or
long
Garment
is
reverenc'd
.
Come
hither
then
,
and
know
what
thou
thy self
wouldst
have
others
do
.
1.
Lucretia
the
first
Example
of
Roman
Chastity
,
whose
manlike
Soul
was
,
by
the
mistake
of
Fortune
,
enclosed
in
a
female
Body
,
being
constrain'd
to
suffer
herself
to
be
ravish'd
by
Sextus
Tarquinius
,
the
son
of
him
firnamed
the
Proud
;
when
she
had
before
an
assembly
of
her
Kindred
and
Friends
lamented
in
most
passionate
expressions
the
Injury
which
she
had
received
,
stabb'd
herself
with
a
Dagger
,
which
she
had
conceal'd
under
her
Garment
.
Whose
magnanimous
Death
gave
the
people
an
occasion
to
alter
the
Kingly
Government
into
Consular
.
2.
Neither
would
Virginius
brook
an
injury
of
this
nature
,
though
a
person
of
a
very
Vulgar
extraction
,
but
of
a
Patrician
spirit
;
for
lest
his
Family
should
be
dishonour'd
,
he
spared
not
his
own
flesh
and
blood
.
For
when
Appius
Claudius
,
the
Decemvir
,
confiding
in
his
power
,
violently
prosecuted
the
defiling
of
his
Daughter
,
he
brought
her
forth
publickly
into
the
Market-place
and
slew
her
:
choosing
rather
to
be
the
Murtherer
of
a
chast
,
than
the
Father
of
a
contaminated
Daughter
.
3.
Nor
was
Pontius
Aufidianus
endued
with
less
Courage
of
Minde
,
being
a
Roman
Knight
,
who
finding
the
Virginity
of
his
Daughter
prostituted
by
a
Pedagogue
to
Fannius
Saturninus
;
not
content
to
have
put
the
wicked
Servant
to
death
,
he
kill'd
his
Daughter
.
And
that
she
might
not
celebrate
dishonourable
Nuptials
,
he
married
her
to
a
bitter
Funeral
.
4.
What
shall
I
say
of
Pub.
Maenius
?
What
a
strict
Guardian
of
Chastity
was
he
!
For
he
punished
a
Freeman
of
his
,
for
whom
he
had
a
great
kindness
,
only
because
he
had
kiss'd
his
Daughter
,
being
of
womans
estate
;
though
it
might
seem
not
to
have
bin
done
so
much
out
of
Lust
,
as
by
a
mistake
of
breeding
,
or
long
acquaintance
.
But
he
thought
fit
to
imprint
the
Discipline
of
Chastity
into
the
apprehension
of
the
tender
Maid
,
by
the
severity
of
his
servants
punishment
;
and
taught
her
by
so
severe
an
Example
,
that
she
was
not
only
to
preserve
her
Virginity
,
but
her
Lips
uncontaminated
for
her
Husband
.
5.
But
Quintus
Fabius
Maximus
Servilianus
,
after
he
had
born
many
great
Offices
with
renown
,
coming
to
the
Censorship
,
question'd
his
only
Son
for
the
doubtful
loss
of
his
Chastity
:
and
he
underwent
the
punishment
,
by
banishing
himself
out
of
the
reach
of
his
Father
.
6.
I
should
have
said
the
Censor
had
been
too
rigid
,
but
that
P.
Attilius
Philiscus
,
who
suffered
his
body
to
be
made
use
of
by
his
Master
for
gain
,
prov'd
so
severe
a
Father
afterwards
:
For
he
slew
his
Daughter
,
because
she
play'd
the
whore
.
How
sacred
then
ought
we
to
think
Chastity
was
,
in
our
City
,
where
the
Procurers
of
Lust
,
did
so
cruelly
chastise
it
?
7.
The
Example
of
a
most
excellent
person
and
a
memorable
act
follows
.
M.
Claudius
Marcellus
,
one
of
the
Aedils
that
rode
in
the
moving
Chair
of
State
,
accus'd
Scantinius
a
Tribune
,
and
summon'd
him
to
answer
before
the
People
;
because
he
had
given
out
,
that
his
Son
had
been
abus'd
in
his
Body
.
But
he
averring
that
he
could
not
be
compell'd
to
appear
,
because
he
was
priviledg'd
,
and
calling
the
Tribunal
power
to
his
assistance
;
the
whole
Colledge
of
Tribunes
denied
to
intercede
in
a
cause
where
Chastity
was
call'd
in
question
.
Scantinius
therefore
being
cited
,
was
condemn'd
by
that
very
witness
,
who
was
accus'd
by
himself
.
For
it
is
said
,
that
the
Young-man
being
produc'd
before
the
Judgment-seat
,
with
his
eyes
fixed
upon
the
ground
,
observ'd
a
most
resolute
silence
by
which
modest
silence
he
most
of
all
prevail'd
in
his
revenge
.
8.
Metellus
Celer
also
was
a
most
severe
chastiser
of
Libidinous
Intent
;
summoning
Cn.
Sergius
Silus
to
answer
before
the
People
,
for
only
proffering
a
sum
of
Money
to
the
Mistriss
of
the
Family
,
and
condemning
him
for
that
single
Crime
.
For
then
not
the
deed
alone
,
but
the
very
intention
was
brought
into
question
;
and
it
was
more
harm
,
to
have
willed
an
errour
,
than
it
was
profitable
not
to
offend
.
9.
Thus
far
the
Juridical
Gravity
:
here
follows
the
extrajudicial
.
T.
Veturius
,
son
of
that
Veturius
,
who
was
delivered
bound
to
the
Samnites
for
making
a
dishonourable
Truce
with
them
,
when
by
reason
of
the
ruine
of
his
Estate
,
and
the
great
Debts
of
his
family
,
he
was
forc'd
to
yield
himself
in
his
youth
bound
to
Plotius
,
and
was
by
him
severely
whipp'd
,
because
he
would
not
permit
him
to
make
use
of
his
Body
,
complain'd
thereof
to
the
Consuls
:
Who
acquainting
the
Senate
with
the
matter
,
sent
Plotius
to
prison
.
For
they
endeavour'd
to
preserve
the
Chastity
of
the
Roman
blood
safe
,
in
what
state
or
condition
soever
.
10.
And
what
wonder
if
all
the
Conscript-Fathers
made
this
decree
?
C.
Pescennius
,
in
Capital
matters
Triumvir
,
loaded
with
the
publick
chains
Cornelius
a
most
noted
souldier
,
and
one
that
had
been
four
times
advanc'd
to
be
a
Centurion
of
the
Triarii
,
or
old
Souldiers
;
because
he
had
had
private
familiarity
with
a
Youth
born
of
free
Parents
.
From
whence
appealing
to
the
Tribunes
,
when
he
spoke
nothing
of
the
Fact
,
but
only
said
,
That
he
was
ready
to
put
in
ball
,
and
to
make
it
out
,
that
the
Boy
bad
made
a
publick
prostitution
of
his
body
for
Money
;
they
absolutely
refused
to
take
any
cognizance
of
the
matter
.
Insomuch
that
Cornelius
died
in
prison
.
For
the
Tribunes
thought
it
too
mean
a
thing
for
our
Commonwealth
to
make
bargains
with
men
,
how
stout
soever
,
and
to
sell
Domestick
pleasure
at
the
price
of
Forraign
danger
.
11.
After
the
punishment
of
a
lustful
Centurion
,
the
severe
usage
of
Mar.
Laetorius
Mergus
,
a
Military
Tribune
,
and
his
ignominious
Death
,
is
next
to
be
related
:
who
was
cited
before
the
People
by
Cominius
,
one
of
their
Tribunes
,
being
accus'd
by
his
Muster-master
for
a
force
upon
his
body
.
Nor
would
Laetorius
abide
the
Tryal
;
but
first
of
all
privately
fled
before
Judgement
,
and
then
slew
himself
.
Yet
though
he
had
satisfied
Natures
debt
by
his
Death
,
yet
was
he
by
the
People
condemn'd
for
the
crime
of
Unchastity
;
the
severe
Discipline
of
the
Camp
,
which
was
the
most
certain
Guardian
of
the
consecrated
Eagle
,
and
of
the
Roman
Empire
,
prosecuting
him
even
to
his
Tomb.
Because
he
had
committed
a
force
upon
the
body
of
him
,
whose
Master
and
Commander
he
was
.
12.
This
mov'd
Caius
Marius
,
then
when
he
pronounced
C.
Luscius
his
Sisters
son
,
and
a
Tribune
of
the
People
,
to
be
legally
slain
by
C.
Plotius
a
common
Souldier
;
because
he
durst
impeach
him
before
the
people
,
upon
an
accusation
of
abusing
his
Body
.
13.
But
to
give
a
slight
account
of
those
,
who
have
made
use
of
their
own
instead
of
the
publick
Law
,
in
the
vindication
of
their
Chastity
:
Sempronius
Musca
caus'd
C.
Gallius
to
be
whipp'd
,
for
being
taken
in
the
act
.
C.
Memmius
also
caus'd
L.
Octavius
to
be
handled
after
the
same
manner
for
the
same
fact
:
Carbo
Accienus
was
gelt
by
Vibienus
,
Pontius
by
P.
Cernius
,
being
both
taken
in
the
Act.
A
certain
person
also
took
Cn.
Furius
Brochus
in
the
fact
,
and
deliver'd
him
over
to
be
abus'd
by
the
whole
Family
:
who
counted
it
no
detriment
to
indulge
their
own
Anger
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
And
that
I
may
adde
Forraign
to
Domestick
Examples
,
a
Grecian
woman
named
Hippo
,
bring
taken
by
the
Enemies
Fleet
,
flung
herself
into
the
Sea
,
that
she
might
preserve
her
Chastity
:
whose
body
wasting
to
the
Erechtean
shore
,
was
buried
by
the
Sea-side
,
and
lies
cover'd
with
a
little
hillock
to
this
day
.
But
Greece
having
committed
to
eternal
memory
the
honour
of
her
Sanctity
,
makes
her
every
day
more
famous
.
2.
A
more
vehement
this
,
that
which
follows
a
more
considerate
Example
of
Chastity
.
The
Army
of
the
Gallo-Graeci
being
all
defeated
and
taken
by
Cn.
Manlius
,
upon
the
Mountain
Olympus
,
the
wife
of
Orgiagon
,
a
woman
of
extraordinary
Beauty
,
was
taken
likewise
and
forc'd
by
the
Centurion
,
to
whose
custody
she
was
committed
.
When
she
came
to
that
place
,
where
by
the
Consuls
command
the
Centurion
had
sent
to
the
friends
of
the
Woman
to
bring
her
Ransome
,
while
the
Centurion
was
weighing
the
Gold
,
with
his
eyes
fix'd
upon
the
quantity
,
the
Gallo-Grecian
in
her
own
language
commanded
those
of
her
own
Nation
to
kill
him
;
and
then
with
the
Head
cut
off
in
her
hand
,
she
went
to
her
Husband
,
and
casting
it
at
her
feet
,
she
related
the
injury
done
her
,
and
her
own
revenge
.
What
part
of
this
Woman
can
any
one
say
was
in
the
power
of
the
Enemy
,
but
her
Body
?
for
neither
could
her
Minde
be
vanquished
,
nor
her
Chastity
taken
.
3.
But
the
Wives
of
the
Teutons
besought
Marius
their
Conquerour
,
that
they
might
be
sent
by
him
as
a
Present
to
the
Vestal
Virgins
,
affirming
that
they
would
abstain
from
the
company
of
men
as
sacredly
as
they
should
.
But
that
request
not
being
granted
them
,
the
next
night
they
all
hang'd
themselves
.
'T
was
well
the
Gods
did
not
infuse
the
same
Courage
into
their
Husbands
in
the
field
.
For
had
they
imitated
the
Vertue
of
their
Wives
,
they
had
question'd
the
Triumphs
of
the
Teutonic
Victory
.
CHAP.
II.
What
things
were
freely
said
or
done
.
Among
the
Romans
.
-
1.
The
Embassadors
of
the
Privernates
.
-
2.
Lucius
Marcius
Philippus
Cos
.
-
3.
Scipio
Aemilianus
.
-
4.
Cn.
Calpurnius
Piso
.
-
5.
M.
Cato
of
Utica
.
-
6.
Cn.
Lentulus
Marcellinus
.
-
7.
M.
Favonius
.
-
8.
Helvius
Mancia
Fermianus
.
-
9.
Delphilus
the
Tragedian
.
-
10.
Marcus
Castricius
the
Placentine
.
-
11.
Servius
Sulpitius
Galba
.
-
12.
A.
Casellius
the
Lawyer
.
Forraigners
.
-
1.
Machaera
a
Macedonian
woman
.
-
2.
A
Syracusan
Woman
.
-
3.
Theodorus
the
Cyrenean
.
AS
I
did
not
invite
Liberty
,
attested
as
well
by
the
Words
as
by
the
Sayings
of
vehement
Spirits
;
so
I
will
not
exclude
it
coming
in
my
way
.
Which
being
scituated
between
Vertue
and
Vice
,
if
it
keep
it self
within
the
bounds
of
Moderation
,
may
deserve
Praise
;
if
it
launch
out
further
than
the
limits
of
due
respect
,
is
to
be
reprehended
:
becoming
thereby
more
grateful
to
the
ears
of
the
Vulgar
,
than
approv'd
by
Wisemen
;
and
is
more
secure
in
the
pardon
of
others
,
than
in
the
providence
of
the
person
.
But
since
we
have
resolv'd
to
prosecute
all
the
parts
of
Humane
Action
;
let
us
relate
the
Story
upon
our
own
credit
,
and
let
others
judge
as
they
think
fit
.
1.
Privernum
being
taken
,
and
those
persons
put
to
death
,
who
had
caus'd
the
Town
to
rebel
;
the
Senate
mov'd
with
indignation
,
consider'd
what
they
should
do
with
the
rest
of
the
Inhabitants
.
Thus
their
safety
was
in
a
fluctuating
condition
,
at
the
same
time
subject
to
the
Victors
,
and
those
that
were
incens'd
against
them
.
But
when
they
saw
there
was
no
way
but
to
submit
and
petition
,
they
could
not
forget
that
they
had
some
Italian
blood
in
their
Veins
.
For
the
chief
in
Court
being
examin'd
among
them
,
what
punishment
they
deserv'd
;
made
answer
,
What
punishment
they
deserv'd
,
who
thought
themselves
worthy
of
Liberty
.
He
had
taken
Arms
in
words
,
and
had
inflam'd
the
incens'd
minds
of
the
Senators
.
When
Plautius
the
Consul
favouring
the
cause
of
the
Privernates
,
put
a
stop
to
his
stout
answer
,
and
ask'd
him
again
,
What
kind
of
Peace
the
Romans
should
make
with
them
,
granting
them
their
pardon
?
But
he
with
a
resolute
Countenance
return'd
again
,
If
ye
grant
us
good
Conditions
,
let
the
Peace
be
perpetual
;
if
bad
,
as
short
as
you
please
.
By
which
stern
Repartie
he
brought
it
to
pass
,
that
the
vanquish'd
were
not
only
pardon'd
,
but
enjoy'd
the
Priviledges
of
our
City
.
2.
Thus
the
Captain
of
the
Privernates
spoke
in
the
Senate
.
But
L.
Philippus
the
Cousul
did
not
forbear
to
make
use
of
the
same
liberty
against
the
same
Order
.
For
upbraiding
their
sloath
before
the
Rostra
,
he
told
them
,
The
Commonwealth
stood
in
need
of
another
Senate
;
and
was
so
far
from
repenting
for
what
he
had
said
,
that
he
commanded
L.
Crassus
,
a
man
of
great
Dignity
and
Eloquence
,
to
be
laid
hold
on
for
murmuring
against
it
.
But
he
,
thrusting
back
the
Lictor
,
Thou
art
no
Consul
of
mine
,
said
he
,
because
I
am
no
Senator
of
thine
.
3.
What!
Were
the
people
safe
from
the
assaults
of
Liberty
?
No
,
it
both
assail'd
them
,
and
found
them
patiently
suffering
.
Carbo
a
Tribune
of
the
People
,
and
a
most
turbulent
assertor
of
the
Gracchian
Sedition
,
and
a
most
absolure
firebrand
of
the
growing
Civil
Wars
,
having
hal'd
P.
Africanus
from
the
very
Gate
of
the
City
to
the
Rostra
,
as
he
return'd
with
Triumph
from
the
ruines
of
Numantium
,
there
ask'd
him
his
opinion
of
the
death
of
Gracchus
,
whose
Sister
he
had
married
:
that
by
the
authority
of
a
person
so
much
in
credit
,
he
might
adde
fuel
to
the
fire
already
begun
:
Not
doubting
,
but
that
in
regard
of
their
near
relation
,
he
would
have
spoken
somewhat
affectionately
in
behalf
of
his
Brother
that
was
put
to
death
;
but
he
answer'd
,
That
he
was
legally
slain
.
Upon
which
saying
,
when
the
whole
Assembly
incens'd
with
the
Tribunitian
fury
,
began
to
make
a
great
Clamour
,
Hold
your
peace
,
said
he
,
you
,
to
whom
Italy
is
but
a
stepmother
.
And
when
they
began
to
set
up
another
Cry
,
You
shall
never
make
me
fear
,
said
he
,
those
free
,
whom
I
brought
hither
bound
.
Thus
were
the
whole
People
reproved
by
one
man
with
contempt
.
What
an
honour
they
gave
to
Vertue
!
They
presently
were
mute
.
The
Numantine
Victory
fresh
in
Memory
,
his
Fathers
Macedonian
Conquest
,
his
Grand-fathers
Carthaginian
Trophies
,
and
the
Necks
of
two
Kings
,
Perseus
and
Syphax
,
chain'd
to
their
Triumphal
Chariots
,
stopt
the
mouths
of
the
enraged
Multitude
.
Nor
did
silence
proceed
from
fear
,
but
because
through
the
aid
of
the
Cornelian
and
Aemilian
Families
,
many
fears
of
the
City
and
Italy
were
put
to
an
end
;
the
People
of
Rome
were
not
free
,
in
respect
of
Scipio's
Liberty
.
4.
And
therefore
we
need
the
less
wonder
that
the
vast
Authority
of
Pompey
contested
so
often
with
Liberty
.
Nor
was
it
without
great
applause
that
he
took
things
patiently
,
because
it
was
his
fortune
to
be
a
laughing-stock
to
the
license
of
all
sorts
of
men
.
Cn.
Piso
when
he
had
indited
Manilius
Crispus
,
and
saw
him
,
though
apparently
guilty
,
to
be
protected
by
Pompey
;
being
carried
on
with
a
youthful
heat
and
desire
of
accusation
,
he
tax'd
the
potent
defendour
with
many
great
and
hainous
Crimes
:
Being
then
examin'd
by
him
,
why
he
did
not
accuse
him
himself
?
Do
but
thou
,
said
he
,
give
Sureties
to
the
Common-wealth
,
if
thou
art
accused
,
that
thou
wilt
not
raise
a
Civil
War
,
and
I
will
cause
the
Judges
to
sit
upon
thy
head
,
before
they
sit
upon
the
head
of
Munilius
.
Thus
by
the
same
Judgment
he
maintain'd
two
persons
guilty
;
Manilius
by
his
Accusation
,
Pompey
by
his
Liberty
:
and
the
one
he
fulfill'd
by
Law
,
the
other
by
the
profession
of
his
good
will
,
not
being
able
to
go
any
farther
.
5.
What
therefore
is
Liberty
without
Cato
?
No
more
than
Cato
without
Liberty
.
For
when
he
sate
Judge
upon
a
Senator
,
that
was
very
guilty
and
infamous
,
and
that
there
were
Certificates
produced
under
Pompey's
hand
,
in
favour
of
the
party
accus'd
,
he
presently
caus'd
them
to
be
laid
aside
,
reciting
the
Law
,
wherein
it
was
enacted
that
no
Senator
should
make
use
of
any
such
assistance
.
The
fact
is
not
much
to
be
wonder'd
at
,
considering
the
person
;
for
what
might
seem
sauciness
in
another
,
was
in
Cato
known
to
be
Fidelity
to
his
Countrey
.
6.
Cn.
Lentulus
Marcellinus
the
Consul
,
when
he
was
complaining
in
a
set
Speech
of
Pompey's
prodigious
power
,
and
that
all
the
people
began
to
cry
him
up
;
Shout
,
said
he
,
shout
while
you
may
,
brave
Romans
,
shortly
it
will
not
be
lawful
for
you
to
do
it
,
and
go
unpunish'd
.
Thus
was
the
power
of
a
potent
Citizen
nipp'd
,
on
the
one
side
by
an
envious
complaint
,
on
the
other
side
by
a
sad
lamentation
.
7.
To
which
eminent
Citizen
,
having
his
thigh
bound
about
with
a
white
Shash
,
It
matters
not
,
said
Favonius
,
upon
what
part
of
the
body
the
Diadem
be
worn
.
Upbraiding
his
Kingly
Power
,
by
cavilling
at
a
tittle
piece
of
cloth
.
But
he
turning
his
head
neither
one
way
nor
other
,
was
mighty
careful
how
he
acknowledged
his
power
by
any
chearfulness
in
his
looks
,
or
how
he
shewed
his
Anger
by
any
Severity
:
and
by
that
patience
laid
himself
open
to
the
meanest
and
lowest
fort
of
people
.
8.
Helvius
Mancia
Formianus
,
the
Son
of
Libertinus
,
when
he
was
very
old
accus'd
Libo
to
the
Censors
:
In
which
contest
when
Pompey
the
Great
upbraided
him
with
his
low
condition
,
and
his
old
age
,
and
told
him
withal
,
that
he
was
sent
from
the
Grave
to
be
an
Accuser
;
Thou
tellest
no
untruth
,
Pompey
,
said
he
,
I
come
from
the
infernal
shades
to
accuse
Libo
.
But
when
I
was
there
,
I
saw
Cn.
Domitius
Ahenobarbus
all
bloody
and
weeping
;
for
that
being
of
a
noble
Extraction
,
of
an
upright
Life
and
Conversation
,
and
a
great
Lover
of
his
Countrey
,
he
was
put
to
death
in
the
flower
of
his
youth
at
thy
command
.
I
saw
there
also
Brutus
,
famous
in
the
same
degree
,
hack'd
and
hew'd
,
complaining
that
the
same
calamity
befel
him
,
first
through
thy
perfidy
,
and
then
by
thy
cruelty
.
I
saw
Cn.
Carbo
a
zealous
defender
of
thy
youth
and
of
thy
paternal
estate
,
in
his
third
Consulship
,
laden
with
those
chains
which
thou
didst
cause
to
be
put
upon
him
;
and
upbraiding
thee
,
that
contrary
to
all
equity
and
justice
,
he
was
slain
by
thee
a
private
Roman
Knight
,
when
he
was
the
greatest
Officer
in
the
Commonwealth
.
I
saw
in
the
same
habit
and
condition
,
a
person
of
the
Pretorian
Order
,
Perpenna
,
cursing
thy
Cruelty
;
and
all
with
one
consent
bewailing
their
hard
fate
,
that
they
should
fall
uncondemn'd
,
under
such
a
young
hangman
as
thou
.
It
was
lawful
for
a
Member
of
a
Municipal
Town
,
that
still
had
a
twang
of
his
Fathers
servitude
,
with
an
unbridled
rashness
and
an
unsufferable
malice
to
recal
to
minde
the
wide
wounds
which
he
had
receiv'd
in
the
Civil
War
,
now
grown
dry
with
age
.
And
therefore
at
that
time
he
was
in
the
strongest
condition
to
reproach
Pompey
,
as
well
as
in
the
safest
.
9.
Diphilus
the
Tragedian
,
when
in
the
Apollinary
Plays
he
came
to
that
Verse
,
wherein
there
is
this
Sentence
,
Our
misery
is
,
Magnus
;
he
pronounced
the
words
pointing
full
upon
Pompey
:
And
being
rebuk'd
by
the
People
,
immediately
fell
to
act
him
,
as
a
person
that
carried
himself
too
great
and
busie
in
Authority
.
With
the
same
petulancy
he
repeated
those
other
words
,
The
time
shall
come
when
thou
shalt
bewail
that
vertue
.
10.
The
mind
of
Marcus
Castricius
was
also
inflam'd
with
Liberty
,
who
being
the
chief
Magistr●●e
at
Placentia
,
at
what
time
Cn.
Corbo
the
Consul
ca●●●
a
Decree
to
be
made
,
that
the
Placentines
should
g●●●
Hostages
,
neither
obey'd
his
Authority
,
nor
sub●●●ted
to
Greater
Men.
And
to
one
that
told
him
,
H●
had
many
Swords
,
he
answer'd
,
And
I
years
.
The
Legions
were
amaz'd
to
behold
such
stout
Reliques
of
Old
Age.
And
Carbo's
anger
surceas'd
of
it self
,
having
so
little
matter
to
rage
upon
,
knowing
how
small
a
part
of
his
life
he
should
deprive
him
of
.
11.
But
the
Accusation
of
Ser.
Galba
was
strangely
presumptuous
.
Who
forbore
not
to
tax
the
sacred
Julius
himself
after
all
his
Victories
,
as
he
sate
in
the
Seat
of
Judicature
.
Caius
Julius
Caesar
,
said
he
,
I
took
up
money
upon
my
bail
for
Pompey
the
Great
,
thy
Son-in-Law
,
in
his
third
Consulship
:
What
shall
I
do
?
Must
I
suffer
?
He
deserv'd
to
have
been
turn'd
out
of
the
Court
,
for
upbraiding
him
so
openly
with
the
sale
of
Pompey's
Goods
.
But
he
more
mild
than
Clemency
it self
,
caus'd
Pompey's
Debt
to
be
paid
him
out
of
his
own
Treasury
.
12.
A.
Caesellius
a
famous
Civilian
,
yet
how
sawcie
and
impertinent
!
For
no
Favour
,
no
Authority
could
compel
him
to
make
a
Bill
of
sale
of
those
Goods
which
the
Triumviri
had
given
away
.
By
that
Judgment
of
his
excluding
the
purchases
of
Victory
out
of
all
course
and
form
of
Law
.
The
same
person
,
when
he
had
spoken
many
things
against
Caesar's
Faction
,
and
that
his
Friends
admonish'd
him
to
be
silent
:
There
were
two
things
,
he
answered
,
most
bitter
to
most
men
,
that
gave
him
the
boldness
which
he
took
;
that
was
to
say
,
old
Age
,
and
want
of
Children
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
A
Woman
of
another
Countrey
intrudes
among
so
many
Men
;
who
being
undeservedly
condemned
by
King
Philip
in
his
drink
;
I
would
appeal
to
Philip
,
said
she
,
but
it
must
be
when
he
is
sober
.
The
smart
sentence
rows'd
him
;
and
by
her
present
courage
she
compell'd
the
King
to
examine
the
business
more
strictly
,
and
to
give
a
juster
Sentence
.
So
that
she
extorted
that
Justice
which
she
could
not
get
by
fair
means
:
borrowing
her
assistance
rather
from
her
frankness
of
Speech
,
than
from
her
Innocence
.
2.
The
next
now
is
not
only
a
stout
,
but
a
lepid
and
witty
liberty
of
speech
.
A
very
antient
Woman
,
when
all
the
Syracusans
pray'd
for
the
Death
of
Dionysius
the
Tyrant
by
reason
of
his
Cruelty
and
Oppression
,
on
,
pray'd
every
day
to
the
Gods
for
his
life
and
safety
.
Which
when
the
Tyrant
understood
,
admiring
her
undeserved
kindness
,
he
sent
for
her
,
and
enquired
of
her
what
merit
of
his
made
her
so
careful
of
him
?
Then
Truely
Sir
,
said
she
,
the
reason
of
my
designe
is
very
well
grounded
:
For
when
I
was
a
Girl
,
and
that
a
very
severe
Tyrant
ruled
over
us
,
I
desired
his
death
;
he
being
slain
,
one
more
cruel
came
in
his
place
:
then
I
prayed
that
he
might
be
taken
out
of
the
way
;
after
whom
,
we
began
to
feel
thee
worse
than
all
the
rest
:
And
therefore
fearing
lest
if
thou
shouldst
die
,
a
worse
than
thee
should
succeed
,
I
pray
to
the
Gods
for
thy
safety
.
Which
facetious
boldness
,
Dionysius
himself
had
not
the
face
to
punish
.
3.
Between
these
and
Theodorus
the
Cyrenean
there
might
be
a
kind
of
match
made
for
stoutness
of
mind
;
as
vertuous
,
though
not
so
fortunate
.
For
when
Lysimachus
threatned
to
put
him
to
death
;
Truely
,
said
he
,
You
think
you
have
a
great
purchase
,
because
you
understand
the
vertue
of
Cantharides
.
But
when
the
King
,
being
incens'd
at
his
Answer
,
commanded
him
to
be
nail'd
to
the
Cross
;
Fright
your
Courtiers
,
said
he
,
with
that
Sentence
;
for
't
is
all
one
to
me
,
whether
I
stink
under
ground
or
above
.
CHAP.
III.
Of
Severity
.
ROMANS
.
-
1
,
The
Roman
People
.
-
2.
P.
Mutius
Scaevola
,
Tribune
of
the
People
.
-
3.
The
Senate
of
Rome
.
-
4.
M.
Curius
Dentatus
,
Cos.
-
5.
L.
Domitius
Ahenobarbus
.
-
6.
M.
Horat.
Tergeminus
.
-
7.
The
Senate
of
Rome
against
Incest
.
-
8.
The
Kinsmen
against
Witches
.
-
9.
Egnatius
Metellus
.
-
10.
C.
Sulpitius
Gallus
.
-
11.
Q.
Antistius
the
Old
.
-
12.
P.
Sempronius
Sophus
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Lacedaemonians
.
-
2.
Athenians
.
-
3.
Cambyses
King
of
Persia
.
IT
is
necessary
we
should
arm
our selves
with
Cruelty
,
while
we
treat
of
the
terrible
and
horrid
acts
of
Severity
;
that
having
laid
our
more
humane
thoughts
aside
,
we
may
be
at
leasure
to
give
ear
to
Rigour
.
For
such
inexorable
Revenge
,
such
several
sorts
of
Chastisement
will
come
to
be
known
,
as
,
though
they
may
be
accounted
the
fortresses
of
the
Law
,
yet
should
hardly
be
inserted
into
the
number
of
peaceful
Pages
.
1.
M.
Manlius
was
thrown
headlong
from
the
place
from
whence
he
had
repulsed
the
Gauls
;
Because
he
endeavour'd
wickedly
to
have
opprest
that
Liberty
,
which
he
had
so
couragiously
defended
.
Of
which
sharp
Sentence
,
this
was
the
Preface
;
I
lookt
upon
thee
as
Manlius
,
when
thou
dravest
the
Senones
headlong
down
the
Rock
;
when
thou
he
camest
a
Changeling
,
I
lookt
upon
thee
as
one
of
the
Senones
themselves
.
There
is
a
Character
of
eternal
Memory
fix'd
upon
his
punishment
.
For
,
for
his
sake
it
was
enacted
,
that
no
Patrician
should
inhabit
in
the
Capitol
or
in
the
Castle
,
because
he
had
a
House
,
where
now
stands
the
Chappel
dedicated
to
Juno
Moneta
.
The
same
Indignation
of
the
City
brake
forth
against
Sp.
Cassius
:
to
whom
the
suspicion
of
desiring
Soveraignty
did
more
harm
,
than
three
magnificent
Consulships
and
two
pompous
Triumphs
did
him
good
.
For
the
Senate
and
People
of
Rome
not
contented
with
putting
him
to
Death
,
pull'd
his
House
down
over
him
when
he
was
dead
,
that
he
might
be
punish'd
also
with
the
destruction
of
his
Houshold-Gods
.
Upon
the
Ground
they
built
a
Temple
to
Tellus
.
Thus
the
Habitation
of
a
powerful
man
,
is
now
the
Monument
of
Religious
Severity
.
The
same
end
had
Sp.
Maelius
by
the
Sentence
of
his
Countrey
,
for
the
same
crime
.
So
that
we
finde
how
great
an
antipathy
the
Antients
had
against
the
Enemies
of
their
Liberty
,
by
the
very
Ruines
and
Walls
of
their
Houses
.
And
therefore
the
Houses
of
M.
Flaccus
and
L.
Saturnius
,
most
seditious
Citizens
,
were
pull'd
to
the
ground
after
they
were
slain
.
At
length
Flaccus's
ground
,
after
it
had
long
remain'd
unbuilt
,
was
adorn'd
by
Q.
Catulus
with
the
Cimbrian
spoils
.
Titus
and
Caius
Gracchus
were
eminent
in
our
City
for
their
Nobility
,
and
the
hope
which
was
conceived
of
them
:
But
because
they
endeavour'd
the
subversion
of
the
Commonwealth
,
their
Bodies
lay
unburied
,
and
the
last
Offices
due
to
Mortality
were
wanting
to
the
Sons
of
Gracchus
,
and
the
N●phews
of
Africanus
.
Their
familiar
acquaintance
also
,
lest
there
should
be
any
Friends
of
the
Commonwealths
Enemies
left
,
were
shut
up
in
a
hollow
Oak
,
and
tumbled
headlong
to
the
bottom
of
that
place
in
the
Prison
,
which
was
therefore
call'd
Robur
.
2.
The
same
thing
did
P.
Mucius
a
Tribune
of
the
People
think
lawful
for
him
to
do
,
as
the
People
and
the
Senate
had
done
before
;
who
burnt
all
his
Colleagues
alive
;
because
,
being
set
on
by
Sp.
Cassius
,
they
strove
to
hinder
the
Election
of
Magistrates
,
to
the
publick
hazard
of
the
common
Liberty
.
Never
was
any
thing
more
confidently
acted
than
this
Severity
.
For
he
,
a
single
Tribune
,
durst
inflict
that
punishment
upon
nine
of
his
Colleagues
,
which
nine
Tribunes
durst
not
exact
from
one
Tribune
.
3.
Severity
hitherto
,
a
most
rigid
Guardian
and
Assertor
of
Liberty
,
was
equally
as
truculent
also
in
the
preservation
of
Discipline
and
Dignity
.
For
the
Senate
sent
M.
Clodius
to
the
Corsi
,
because
he
had
concluded
an
ignominious
Peace
with
them
:
And
because
they
would
not
receive
him
,
caus'd
him
to
be
put
to
Death
in
Prison
.
When
once
the
Majesty
of
the
Empire
was
broken
,
how
many
ways
did
obstinate
Anger
vindicate
it
!
They
nullified
the
Accord
,
they
deprived
him
of
his
Liberty
and
Life
,
and
dishonour'd
his
Carcass
with
the
ignominious
contumely
of
the
Prison
,
and
the
Gemonian
Precipice
.
And
indeed
he
had
deserv'd
this
extraordinary
chastisement
of
the
Senate
.
But
Cn.
Cornelius
Scipio
,
the
son
of
Hispallus
,
had
the
experience
of
it
,
before
he
deserved
it
.
For
the
Province
of
Spain
falling
to
him
by
lot
,
they
made
a
Decree
,
that
he
should
not
go
thither
,
with
a
reason
added
,
Because
he
could
not
behave
himself
as
he
ought
to
do
.
And
therefore
the
Questor
Cornelius
had
very
like
to
have
suffer'd
upon
the
Law
of
Bribery
,
for
living
in
dishonour
without
any
Provincial
imployment
.
Neither
was
the
Severity
of
the
Senate
less
to
C.
Vettienus
,
who
cut
off
the
Fingers
of
his
left
hand
,
because
he
would
not
be
forced
to
the
Italian
War
.
For
they
confiscated
his
estate
,
and
imprisoned
him
as
long
as
he
lived
;
causing
him
to
spend
his
days
and
waste
that
life
ignominiously
in
a
Jail
,
which
he
refused
nobly
to
venture
in
the
Field
.
4.
This
Example
Curius
the
Consul
imitating
,
who
being
forced
to
proclaim
a
suddain
listing
of
Souldiers
,
when
none
of
the
Youngmen
appeared
,
having
caused
Lots
to
be
made
for
all
the
Tribes
,
he
commanded
the
first
Name
that
was
drawn
to
be
cited
:
And
because
he
did
not
answer
to
his
Name
,
he
made
a
publick
Sale
of
the
Youngmans
goods
.
Which
assoon
as
the
Young-man
had
notice
of
,
he
ran
to
the
Consul's
Tribunal
,
and
appeal'd
to
the
Colledge
of
Tribunes
:
But
there
Curius
making
a
Speech
,
and
declaring
that
the
Common-wealth
had
no
need
of
a
Citizen
that
knew
not
how
to
obey
;
and
so
sold
both
his
Goods
and
the
Young-man
too
.
5.
In
the
same
manner
did
L.
Domitius
stand
to
his
panpudding
.
For
when
he
was
Propraetor
in
Sicily
,
there
being
a
Boar
of
an
extraordinary
size
presented
to
him
,
he
commanded
the
Shepherd
that
had
killed
him
to
be
brought
before
him
:
and
enquiring
of
him
with
what
Weapon
he
had
killed
the
beast
;
when
he
found
he
had
kill'd
him
with
a
Pike-staff
,
he
caused
him
to
be
crucified
:
having
publish'd
a
Proclamation
before
,
for
suppressing
the
Robberies
that
were
committed
in
the
Island
,
that
no
person
should
carry
a
Dart.
Some
would
take
this
to
be
the
height
of
all
Severity
;
for
it
may
be
disputed
on
both
sides
.
But
the
reason
and
necessities
of
publick
Government
will
not
suffer
the
Pretor
to
be
counted
over-rigorous
.
6.
Thus
Severity
exercis'd
it self
in
the
punishment
of
Men
:
Not
was
it
less
sedulous
in
the
chastisement
of
Women
.
Horatius
,
one
of
those
that
fought
the
three
Curiatii
,
by
the
conditions
of
the
Combat
Victor
over
all
the
rest
of
the
Albans
,
when
returning
home
from
that
renowned
field
,
he
found
his
Sister
,
a
Virgin
,
bewailing
the
death
of
one
of
the
Curiatii
,
to
whom
she
was
betroth'd
,
more
tenderly
than
became
her
age
,
ran
her
through
with
the
Sword
with
which
he
had
so
well
merited
of
his
Countrey
:
not
thinking
them
chast
Tears
,
which
were
shed
for
a
fond
and
immature
Affection
.
For
which
fact
being
endited
before
the
People
,
his
Father
defended
him
.
Thus
the
inclination
of
the
Virgin
toward
the
memory
of
her
promis'd
Husband
,
was
chastiz'd
by
a
fierce
Brother
,
while
the
Father
asserted
and
defended
the
Chastisement
.
7.
The
Senate
afterwards
following
the
same
Example
of
Severity
,
commanded
Sp.
Posthumius
Albinus
and
Q.
Marcius
Philippus
,
the
Consuls
,
to
enquire
after
those
Women
who
practis'd
Incest
at
the
Feast
of
Bacchanals
:
By
whom
when
many
were
condemn'd
,
their
Kindred
punish'd
them
all
at
home
;
and
the
ignominy
of
publick
shame
,
was
corrected
by
the
severity
of
the
chastisement
:
Whereby
the
more
the
Women
had
sham'd
our
City
by
their
lewd
carriage
,
so
much
the
more
fame
they
brought
to
it
by
the
Severity
of
their
Punishment
.
8.
But
Publicia
who
poyson'd
Posthumius
Albinus
the
Consul
,
and
Licinia
who
poyson'd
Claudius
Asellus
,
their
Husbands
,
were
strangled
by
order
of
their
next
Relations
.
For
those
severe
men
did
not
think
it
necessary
,
where
the
crime
was
so
evident
and
notorious
,
to
spend
time
in
a
publick
Tryal
.
And
therefore
as
they
would
have
defended
the
Innocent
,
they
were
the
early
punishers
of
the
Guilty
.
9.
The
Crime
of
these
was
great
,
that
excited
Severity
to
so
sharp
a
Revenge
:
but
Egnatius
Metellus
exercised
his
Severity
for
a
far
more
inconsiderable
matter
,
who
beat
his
Wife
to
death
for
drinking
Wine
.
For
which
fact
he
was
so
far
from
being
accus'd
,
that
he
was
not
so
much
as
reprehended
:
every
one
believing
,
that
for
good
examples
sake
,
she
had
undergone
the
punishment
of
violated
Sobriety
very
justly
.
For
indeed
,
whatever
woman
covets
the
immoderate
use
of
Wine
,
shuts
the
door
to
all
Virtues
,
and
opens
it
to
all
Vices
.
10.
Terrible
also
was
the
Matrimonial
frown
of
C.
Sulpitius
Gallus
,
who
divorc'd
his
Wife
,
because
he
understood
that
she
went
abroad
with
her
head
unvail'd
.
A
rigid
Sentence
;
and
yet
there
was
some
reason
for
it
.
For
the
Law
,
said
he
,
confines
thee
to
have
no
other
Judges
of
thy
Beauty
but
my
eyes
;
for
these
adorn
thy self
,
be
thou
only
fair
to
these
,
and
do
thou
believe
their
judgment
:
The
farther
sight
of
thee
,
where
it
was
needless
,
must
of
necessity
be
suspicious
and
criminal
.
11.
Nor
did
Qu.
Antistius
Vetus
think
otherwise
,
who
divorc'd
his
Wife
,
because
he
saw
her
talking
in
the
street
with
a
certain
ordinary
freed
Woman
:
for
being
incens'd
at
the
fault
,
he
prevented
the
crime
;
and
avoided
the
injury
,
that
he
might
not
revenge
it
.
12.
To
these
we
must
adde
P.
Sempronius
Sophus
,
who
divorc'd
his
Wife
,
because
she
went
to
see
a
Play
without
making
him
acquainted
therewith
.
While
this
care
was
taken
of
old
to
prevent
the
Crimes
of
Women
,
they
were
free
from
offending
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
But
though
the
Roman
Examples
might
suffice
to
instruct
the
whole
world
,
yet
will
it
not
be
irksome
to
know
what
Forraigners
have
done
.
The
Lacedaemonians
caus'd
the
Books
of
Archilochus
to
be
thrown
out
of
their
City
,
because
they
thought
them
not
modest
and
chast
enough
to
be
read
.
For
they
would
not
have
the
minds
of
their
Children
season'd
with
those
things
,
which
would
be
a
greater
mischief
to
their
Manners
than
a
profit
to
their
Ingenuities
.
And
therefore
they
punish'd
the
greatest
Poet
,
or
the
next
to
the
greatest
in
the
world
,
by
exiling
his
Verses
,
because
he
made
smutty
Satyrs
against
Lycambis
,
who
had
injur'd
him
.
2.
But
the
Athenians
put
Timagoras
to
death
,
because
that
in
the
Salutation
which
he
gave
Darius
,
he
flatter'd
him
after
the
manner
of
his
own
Countrey
:
taking
it
in
indignation
,
that
the
honour
of
their
whole
City
should
be
,
as
it
were
,
submitted
to
the
Persian
Slavery
by
the
flatteries
of
one
single
Citizen
.
3.
But
the
Severity
of
Cambyses
was
more
than
extraordinary
,
who
caus'd
the
Skin
of
a
certain
corrupt
Judge
to
be
flea'd
from
his
body
,
and
nail'd
upon
the
Seat
,
where
he
commanded
his
Son
to
succ●ed
him
.
CHAP.
IV.
Of
things
gravely
said
or
done
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
T.
Manlius
Torquatus
.
-
2.
P.
Scipio
Aemilianus
.
-
3.
C.
Popilius
Laenas
.
-
4.
P.
Rutilius
Rufus
.
-
5.
M.
Junius
Brutus
Proconsul
.
FORREIGNERS
.
-
1.
The
Cinninienses
.
-
2.
Socrates
the
Athenian
.
-
3.
Alexander
the
Great
.
-
4.
The
Lacedaemonians
.
-
5.
Paedaretus
the
Spartan
.
TEnacious
Memory
keeps
in
strict
remembrance
the
great
and
most
excellent
part
of
applause
which
those
things
deserve
among
renowned
men
,
which
were
gravely
said
or
done
by
them
.
Among
the
plentiful
Examples
whereof
,
let
us
select
,
neither
with
too
sparing
or
too
liberal
a
hand
,
those
which
may
rather
satisfie
than
satiate
expectation
.
1.
When
our
City
was
in
a
strange
confusion
upon
the
Overthrow
of
Cannae
,
when
the
Safety
of
the
Commonwealth
hung
with
a
slender
thread
upon
the
fidelity
of
our
Allies
;
That
they
might
continue
the
more
stedfast
in
the
defence
of
the
Roman
Empire
,
the
greatest
part
of
the
Senate
moved
,
that
the
Princes
of
the
Latins
might
be
admitted
among
them
.
As
Annius
formerly
and
the
Campanians
averi'd
,
that
one
of
the
Consuls
ought
to
belong
to
Capua
,
and
the
other
to
Rome
:
so
sick
was
then
the
condition
of
the
Roman
Empire
.
Then
Manlius
Torquatus
,
of
the
race
of
him
who
had
overthrown
the
Latins
,
near
the
River
Veseris
in
a
memorable
Battle
,
with
a
loud
voice
declared
,
That
if
any
of
the
Associates
durst
come
to
give
his
vote
among
the
Conscript
Fathers
,
he
would
kill
him
with
his
own
hand
.
The
threats
of
this
one
single
person
,
both
restor'd
the
pristine
heat
to
the
languishing
spirits
of
the
Romans
,
and
hinder'd
Italy
from
advancing
themselves
to
equal
Priviledges
with
our
City
.
For
as
before
they
were
broken
by
the
Arms
of
the
Roman
People
,
so
now
they
gave
over
,
vanquish'd
by
this
mans
words
.
Equal
to
this
was
the
Gravity
of
Manlius
:
For
when
the
Consulship
was
conferr'd
upon
him
by
the
consent
of
all
men
,
and
that
he
refus'd
it
by
reason
of
the
Infirmity
of
his
Eyes
,
yet
for
all
that
was
vehemently
urged
to
accept
it
;
Choose
,
said
he
,
some
other
person
upon
whom
to
confer
this
Honour
;
for
if
ye
compel
me
to
take
it
upon
me
,
neither
shall
I
endure
your
Customes
,
neither
will
you
endure
the
Severity
of
my
Government
.
If
the
voice
of
a
private
person
was
so
heavy
,
what
would
the
Fasces
of
the
Consul
have
bin
?
2.
No
less
mean
was
the
Gravity
of
Scipio
Aemilianus
,
both
in
the
Court
,
and
in
his
Assembly-Speeches
:
Who
,
when
Mummius
was
his
companion
in
the
Censorship
,
though
noble
,
yet
effeminate
and
weak
,
declar'd
in
a
publick
Speech
before
the
Rostra
,
that
he
would
have
acted
for
the
Majesty
of
the
Common-wealth
,
whether
his
Citizens
had
given
him
a
Companion
or
not
.
The
same
person
,
when
Ser.
Sulpicius
Galba
and
Aurelius
Cotta
,
Consuls
,
contended
in
the
Senate
whether
of
the
two
should
be
sent
against
Viriatus
into
Spain
,
and
that
there
hapned
to
be
a
great
dissention
among
the
Fathers
,
while
they
all
expected
him
to
declare
his
opinion
;
I
think
it
not
fit
that
either
of
them
should
be
sent
,
said
he
,
in
regard
the
one
has
nothing
,
and
the
other
never
knows
when
he
has
enough
.
Believing
,
that
want
and
covetousness
were
Mistresses
both
alike
un●i●●o
●each
good
government
.
By
which
saying
he
obtain'd
that
neither
were
sent
into
the
Province
.
3.
But
C.
Popilius
being
sent
Embassadour
to
Antiochus
,
to
command
him
to
surc●ase
the
War
which
he
wag'd
against
Ptolomy
;
when
he
came
to
him
,
and
that
the
King
with
a
chearful
and
friendly
Countenance
held
him
out
his
right
Hand
,
he
would
not
give
him
his
own
again
,
but
deliver'd
him
the
Senates
Letters
:
which
when
Antiochus
had
read
,
he
told
him
,
he
would
consult
his
Friends
.
But
Popilius
incens'd
at
his
delay
,
Before
thou
goest
out
of
this
circle
,
said
he
,
give
me
the
answer
which
I
shall
return
to
the
Senate
.
You
would
not
have
thought
him
an
Embassadour
that
spoke
,
but
the
whole
body
of
the
Senate
:
For
immediately
the
King
affirm'd
,
that
he
would
give
no
farther
occasion
for
Ptolomie
to
complain
.
And
then
at
length
Popilius
took
him
by
the
hand
as
an
Associate
.
Behold
the
force
of
a
concise
and
efficacious
Gravity
of
Mind
and
Speech
!
At
the
same
time
it
terrified
the
Kingdom
of
Syria
,
and
protected
Egypt
.
4.
But
I
cannot
tell
whether
I
should
first
consider
the
Words
or
Deeds
of
P.
Rutilius
,
for
there
lies
an
admirable
stress
in
both
.
When
he
withstood
the
urgent
request
of
a
certain
Friend
,
and
the
other
very
much
offended
upraided
him
in
these
words
,
What
need
have
I
then
of
thy
friendship
,
if
thou
wilt
not
do
for
me
what
I
desire
?
made
this
answer
,
What
need
I
of
thine
,
if
for
thy
sake
I
should
do
any
unhandsome
action
?
To
these
words
were
agreeable
those
deeds
,
when
rather
through
the
dissention
of
the
two
Orders
,
than
for
any
fault
of
his
own
,
he
was
arraign'd
,
he
neither
put
on
sorry
Cloaths
,
nor
laid
aside
the
Senatorian
Ornaments
,
nor
made
any
Supplication
to
the
Judges
,
nor
spoke
any
thing
unworthy
the
splendour
of
his
past
years
:
But
so
order'd
it
,
that
his
Tryal
was
rather
an
Experiment
,
than
any
Impediment
of
his
Gravity
.
And
when
Sylla's
Victories
gave
him
liberty
to
return
into
his
own
Countrey
,
he
rather
chose
to
tarry
in
Banishment
,
than
to
do
any
thing
against
the
Laws
.
And
therefore
more
justly
might
we
have
given
the
Title
of
Happy
to
the
Manners
of
so
grave
a
Man
,
than
to
the
prosperous
Arms
of
the
other
more
potent
Conquerour
.
Which
Sylla
usurp'd
,
but
Rutilius
deserv'd
.
5.
M.
Brutus
,
the
Murtherer
of
his
own
Virtues
,
before
he
was
the
Parricide
of
the
Parent
of
his
Countrey
(
for
by
one
foul
deed
he
overthrew
them
all
,
and
defil'd
his
memory
with
an
unexpiable
detestation
)
as
he
was
going
in
to
his
last
Battle
,
to
some
that
told
him
it
was
not
convenient
to
fight
:
Boldly
,
said
he
,
I
go
into
the
Battle
;
for
this
day
either
all
things
will
be
well
,
or
I
shall
have
nothing
to
care
for
.
For
he
presum'd
he
could
not
live
without
Victory
,
nor
dye
without
Security
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
The
person
beforementioned
puts
me
in
mind
to
relate
what
was
said
to
Decius
Brutus
in
Spain
.
For
when
all
Lusitania
had
surrendred
it self
to
him
,
and
only
the
City
of
Cinninia
obstinately
held
out
,
and
that
the
Consul
thought
to
have
bought
them
out
,
they
presently
made
answer
to
his
Commissioners
,
That
their
Ancestors
had
only
left
them
their
Swords
to
defend
their
City
,
but
no
Money
to
purchase
their
Liberty
from
a
covetous
General
.
A
Saying
more
noble
for
Romans
to
have
spoken
,
than
to
have
heard
from
others
.
2.
Nature
led
them
into
these
paths
of
Severity
.
But
Socrates
,
the
most
famous
Pillar
of
the
Grecian
Learning
,
when
he
was
to
plead
his
own
Cause
at
Athens
,
and
that
Lycias
had
repeated
to
him
an
Oration
compos'd
by
himself
,
for
him
to
make
use
of
in
the
Court
of
Judicature
;
humble
,
suppliant
,
and
accommodated
to
the
danger
that
threatned
him
;
Take
it
away
,
said
he
,
for
if
I
could
be
brought
where
I
might
repeat
it
,
in
the
farthermost
deserts
of
Scythia
,
there
I
should
think
I
deserved
death
.
He
contemn'd
Life
,
that
he
might
not
want
Gravity
;
choosing
rather
to
dye
like
Socrates
,
than
to
live
like
Lysias
.
3.
As
great
as
he
in
Wisdome
,
Alexander
,
as
great
in
War
,
shewed
himself
to
be
of
the
same
mind
.
For
Darius
having
tried
his
force
in
two
Battles
,
and
therefore
offering
him
a
part
of
his
Kingdome
,
and
his
Daughter
in
Marriage
with
Ten
Hundred
thousand
Talents
;
when
Parmenio
told
him
,
that
if
he
were
Alexander
he
would
accept
the
Condition
:
He
made
answer
,
And
so
would
I
,
were
I
Parmenio
.
An
expression
worthy
of
the
two
Victories
,
and
deserving
the
third
which
he
obtain'd
.
4.
This
was
the
effect
of
a
magnanimous
Minde
in
Prosperity
;
That
more
generous
,
whereby
the
Lacedaemonian
Ambassadors
testified
to
his
Father
the
miserable
condition
of
their
fortune
.
For
when
he
impos'd
most
intolerable
Burthens
upon
their
City
,
they
made
him
answer
,
That
if
he
should
persist
to
command
them
things
more
grievous
than
Death
,
they
would
prefer
Death
before
his
Commands
.
5.
No
less
grave
was
the
Saying
of
that
Spartan
,
who
excelling
both
in
Nobility
and
Sanctity
of
Mind
,
being
put
by
the
Magistracy
which
he
petition'd
for
;
I
rejoyce
exceedingly
,
said
he
,
that
my
Countrey
produces
men
more
worthy
than
my self
.
By
which
Speech
he
equall'd
the
honour
he
was
put
by
.
CHAP.
V.
Of
Justice
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
The
People
of
Rome
.
-
2.
The
four
Tribunes
of
the
People
.
-
3.
Ti.
Gracchus
Censor
.
-
4.
Colledge
of
Tribunes
of
the
People
.
-
5.
Cn.
Domitius
Ahenobarbus
.
-
6.
Licinius
Crassus
the
Oratour
.
-
7.
Cor.
Sylla
Consul
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Pittacus
of
Mitylene
.
-
2.
Aristides
the
Athenian
.
-
3.
Zeleucus
the
Locrian
.
-
4.
Charundas
the
Thurian
.
'T
Is
now
time
to
enter
the
sacred
recesses
of
Justice
,
where
alwaies
the
respect
of
just
and
honest
Actions
is
conversant
with
Religious
Observation
.
Where
Modesty
is
studied
,
and
Desire
gives
way
to
Reason
;
there
nothing
is
reputed
profitable
that
is
not
honest
.
Of
which
our
City
among
all
Nations
is
the
most
certain
and
principal
Example
.
1.
When
Camillus
the
Consul
besieg'd
the
Falisci
,
a
School-master
brought
over
to
the
Roman
Camp
several
Youths
,
and
those
the
most
noble
in
the
City
,
under
pretence
of
taking
them
to
walk
abroad
.
Not
questioning
but
they
being
in
the
power
of
the
Romans
,
that
the
Falisci
would
submit
themselves
to
our
General
.
Upon
which
affair
,
after
consultation
,
the
Senate
decreed
that
the
Youths
should
be
sent
home
,
lashing
their
Master
all
the
way
,
while
his
hands
were
tyed
behind
him
.
Which
Justice
of
theirs
overcame
the
Minds
of
those
,
whose
Walls
they
were
not
able
to
expugn.
For
the
Falisci
overcome
by
their
Kindnesses
,
not
by
their
Arms
,
open'd
their
Gates
to
the
Romans
.
The
same
City
oftentimes
rebelling
,
but
alwaies
broken
by
adverse
Fortune
,
was
at
length
constrained
to
yield
to
Q.
Lutatius
the
Consul
.
Against
which
when
the
Roman
People
desir'd
to
have
shewn
the
extremity
of
their
Revenge
,
when
they
understood
from
Papyrius
,
who
by
the
Consuls
command
had
writ
the
Articles
of
Surrender
,
that
the
Falisci
had
surrender'd
themselves
to
the
Faith
,
not
to
the
Power
of
the
Romans
,
they
laid
aside
all
their
Anger
,
lest
they
should
be
wanting
to
their
Justice
;
suppressing
the
force
of
their
Hatred
,
which
is
not
easily
overcome
;
and
the
pride
of
Victory
,
which
easily
begets
Licentiousness
.
Another
time
when
P.
Claudius
having
by
his
prosperous
conduct
taken
the
Camerini
,
had
sold
them
under
the
Spear
according
to
custome
,
though
thereby
they
saw
their
Exchequer
filled
with
Money
,
and
their
Empire
enlarged
:
yet
because
it
did
not
seem
to
be
done
according
to
the
Rules
of
Honour
and
Justice
,
they
sought
them
diligently
out
,
and
redeemed
them
again
;
assigning
them
a
place
of
habitation
in
Aventinum
,
and
restoring
them
their
Lands
:
They
gave
them
Money
also
to
build
Chappels
and
purchase
Sacrifices
;
and
by
their
Justice
gave
the
miserable
an
occasion
to
rejoyce
in
their
destruction
,
being
so
rais'd
again
.
What
I
have
related
was
confin'd
within
our
own
Walls
and
the
neighbouring
parts
;
what
I
now
relate
has
flown
over
all
the
world
.
Timochares
the
Ambracian
promis'd
Fabritius
the
Consul
,
that
he
would
poyson
Pyrrhus
by
the
assistance
of
his
Son
,
who
was
his
Cupbearer
.
Notice
whereof
being
given
to
the
Senate
,
they
sent
Embassadors
to
give
Pyrrhus
intelligence
of
it
,
admonishing
him
to
be
careful
against
such
kind
of
treachery
.
Remembring
that
their
City
was
built
by
the
Son
of
Mars
,
and
that
War
was
to
be
carried
on
by
Arms
,
and
not
by
Poyson
.
2.
Admirable
was
the
Justice
of
the
four
Tribunes
of
the
People
at
the
same
time
.
For
when
L.
Hortensius
their
Colleague
had
cited
C.
Atratinus
(
under
whose
comand
they
had
rallyed
the
Roman
Army
,
and
restor'd
the
Battle
against
the
Volsci
at
the
Lake
Verrugo
)
to
appear
before
the
People
;
they
swore
,
that
it
would
be
a
shame
to
them
,
if
their
General
should
be
guilty
.
For
those
noble
Gentlemen
would
not
endure
to
behold
him
as
a
Gown-man
under
the
last
extremity
,
whose
Life
,
when
in
Arms
,
they
had
defended
with
their
own
Wounds
and
Blood
.
Which
Justice
of
theirs
so
moved
the
Assembly
,
that
they
caus'd
Hortensius
to
desist
.
3.
Nor
did
they
shew
themselves
less
noble
in
that
which
follows
.
When
Titus
Gracchus
and
C.
Claudius
had
exasperated
the
greatest
part
of
the
City
,
by
carrying
themselves
so
severely
in
the
Censorship
,
Rutilius
the
Tribune
accus'd
them
before
the
People
of
High-Treason
;
moved
not
only
by
the
publick
consternation
,
but
his
own
private
interest
,
because
they
had
order'd
a
part
of
his
wall
to
be
pulled
down
for
the
benefit
of
some
Publick-place
.
In
which
Judicature
,
while
many
Centuries
of
the
first
Classis
openly
condemn'd
Claudius
,
but
all
consented
to
quit
Gracchus
;
Gracchus
cried
out
aloud
,
That
if
his
Colleague
suffered
,
he
would
undergo
the
same
punishment
as
he
did
.
Which
Justice
of
his
diverted
the
storm
from
both
their
heads
and
fortunes
.
For
the
People
absolved
Claudius
,
and
Rutilius
releas'd
his
Action
against
Gracchus
.
4.
The
Colledge
of
Tribunes
also
got
great
applause
:
for
when
one
of
them
,
L.
Cotta
by
name
,
under
the
protection
of
his
sacred
Authority
,
denyed
to
pay
his
Creditors
,
they
decreed
,
that
if
he
would
neither
pay
his
Debts
nor
give
Security
,
they
would
assist
the
Creditors
in
their
Appeal
:
thinking
it
unjust
,
that
the
publick
Majesty
should
be
a
protection
to
private
Knavery
.
Thus
the
Tribunitial
Justice
drew
out
Cotta
lurking
in
the
Sanctuary
of
his
employment
.
5.
Of
which
to
come
to
another
Example
,
Cn.
Domitius
Tribune
of
the
People
cited
Marc.
Scaurus
before
the
People
,
being
then
Prince
of
the
City
,
to
ruine
him
,
if
fortune
had
favour'd
him
;
or
at
least
to
eclipse
his
renown
by
a
Criminal
Accusation
.
While
he
was
thus
eagerly
thirsting
after
the
blood
of
Scaurus
,
a
Servant
of
Scaurus
came
to
him
by
night
,
and
promis'd
him
to
discover
many
great
and
hainous
Crimes
,
to
advance
his
Accusation
.
As
a
Master
and
an
Enemy
he
consider'd
and
weigh'd
in
his
mind
the
Impeachment
with
different
thoughts
,
Justice
overcame
his
Hatred
:
For
immediately
shutting
his
own
ears
,
and
the
Impeachers
mouth
,
he
caus'd
him
to
be
carried
to
Scaurus
.
An
Accuser
,
I
will
not
say
,
to
be
belov'd
,
but
rather
to
be
applauded
by
the
person
accus'd
;
whom
the
People
,
as
well
for
his
other
Vertues
,
as
also
for
this
reason
,
created
Consul
,
Censor
,
and
High-Priest
.
6.
Nor
did
L.
Crassus
behave
himself
otherwise
as
to
the
same
Example
of
Justice
.
He
had
alwaies
born
a
most
perfect
hatred
against
the
Name
of
Carbo
,
as
his
profest
Enemy
;
and
yet
when
a
Servant
of
Carbo's
brought
him
a
Cabinet
of
his
Masters
,
conteining
several
Writings
,
which
he
might
have
made
use
of
to
his
ruine
,
he
sent
the
Cabinet
,
lockt
as
it
was
,
and
his
Servant
bound
,
to
his
Master
.
What
Justice
may
we
conjecture
then
flourished
among
Friends
,
when
Enemies
and
Impeachers
one
of
another
so
nobly
behav'd
themselves
!
7.
Sylla
desired
not
so
much
his
own
safety
,
as
the
ruine
of
Sulpitius
Rufus
,
whose
Tribunitial
rage
continually
vex'd
him
.
But
when
he
was
banish'd
,
and
that
he
understood
that
he
was
betray'd
by
his
own
Servant
,
where
he
lay
skulking
;
that
the
Fidelity
and
Justice
of
his
Decree
might
be
permanent
,
he
caus'd
the
Freed-man
for
his
perfidiousness
to
be
thrown
down
the
Tarpeian
Rock
,
together
with
his
freed-mans
Cap
,
which
he
had
purchased
by
his
Treachery
.
A
most
insolent
Victor
at
other
times
,
now
most
just
in
his
Authority
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
But
that
we
may
not
seem
to
forget
the
Justice
of
Forreigners
,
Pittacus
of
Mitylene
was
one
to
whose
merits
his
Citizens
were
either
so
much
engaged
,
or
else
had
so
much
confidence
in
his
Vertues
,
that
they
offer'd
him
the
Soveraign
Authority
of
their
City
;
which
he
so
long
kept
as
the
War
continued
with
the
Athenians
about
the
Sygaeum
,
or
possession
of
a
piece
of
ground
so
called
.
But
after
he
had
by
a
Victory
setled
Peace
,
he
presently
resign'd
his
Authority
against
the
will
of
the
Mitylenians
,
that
he
might
not
be
the
Lord
of
his
City
any
longer
than
the
necessity
of
affairs
requir'd
.
And
when
by
the
consent
of
all
the
People
the
half
of
the
Land
was
offered
him
,
he
utterly
refus'd
the
Gift
;
esteeming
it
below
himself
,
to
lessen
the
glory
of
his
Vertue
by
the
greatness
of
his
Prey
.
2.
I
must
now
relate
the
Prudence
of
another
,
that
I
may
also
relate
the
Justice
of
another
.
When
Themistocles
had
given
the
Athenians
wholesom
advice
to
betake
themselves
to
their
Vessels
,
and
after
that
Xerxes
and
his
Army
were
driven
out
of
Greece
went
about
to
restore
the
antient
dignity
of
the
City
,
and
laid
up
Treasure
secretly
to
raise
his
City
to
the
Dominion
over
all
Greece
;
he
told
the
People
in
publick
,
that
he
had
found
out
something
,
which
if
fortune
would
suffer
it
to
be
brought
to
pass
,
there
could
nothing
happen
greater
or
more
for
the
honour
of
the
Athenian
People
;
but
that
it
was
not
a
thing
to
be
divulged
:
and
therefore
desired
them
to
appoint
some
person
,
to
whom
he
might
privately
reveal
it
.
Aristides
was
deputed
.
Who
when
he
understood
that
Themistocles
intended
to
have
burnt
all
the
Lacedaemonian
Navy
that
lay
in
the
Road
of
Gytheum
,
that
it
being
destroyed
,
the
Dominion
of
the
Sea
might
belong
to
them
,
return'd
to
his
fellow
Citizens
,
and
told
them
,
That
Themistocles
was
hammering
that
which
was
very
profitable
,
but
very
unjust
.
Presently
the
whole
Assembly
,
when
they
heard
it
was
unjust
,
bid
him
say
no
more
of
it
,
and
commanded
Themistocles
to
desist
from
his
Enterprize
.
3.
Nothing
more
prevalent
than
the
following
Examples
of
Justice
:
Zaleucus
the
Locrian
having
strengthend
his
City
with
most
profitable
and
wholesome
Laws
;
when
his
Son
,
condemn'd
for
Adultery
,
according
to
the
Law
made
by
himself
,
was
to
have
lost
both
his
Eyes
,
and
all
the
City
interceded
for
the
Son
,
for
some
time
he
obstinately
refus'd
it
,
but
at
length
,
constrain'd
by
the
intreaty
of
the
People
,
first
putting
out
one
of
his
own
Eyes
and
then
one
of
his
Sons
,
he
left
the
use
of
sight
to
both
.
Thus
he
rendered
to
the
Law
the
punishment
which
it
claimed
,
with
a
most
admirable
mixture
of
Justice
;
dividing
himself
into
a
merciful
Father
and
a
just
Legislator
.
4.
But
something
more
severe
was
the
Justice
of
Charundas
the
Thurian
.
He
had
pacified
the
Harangues
of
his
Citizens
,
that
were
seditious
even
to
blood
and
violence
,
making
a
Law
that
if
any
person
entred
the
Common-hall
with
his
Sword
on
,
he
should
be
presently
put
to
death
.
Some
time
after
,
having
been
in
the
Countrey
and
coming
home
,
he
presently
call'd
a
Hall
,
and
forgetting
himself
enter'd
the
Hall
with
his
Sword
on
.
Whereupon
being
minded
of
the
breach
of
his
own
Law
,
by
one
that
stood
next
him
;
Well
,
said
he
,
the
same
person
shall
establish
it
;
and
immediately
drawing
his
Sword
,
fell
upon
it
and
died
.
When
it
was
lawful
for
him
to
have
defended
or
excused
his
errour
,
he
rather
chose
to
make
the
punishment
publick
,
than
put
a
slur
upon
Justice
.
CHAP.
VI.
Of
Publick
Faith
.
Among
the
Romans
.
-
1.
The
Roman
Senate
.
-
2.
L.
Manlius
,
M.
At
ilius
Cos
.
-
3.
The
Roman
Senate
.
-
4.
The
Elder
Africanus
.
-
5.
The
Roman
Senate
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1
The
Saguntines
.
-
2.
The
Petellines
.
WHen
this
Image
is
set
before
our
eyes
,
the
venerable
Divinity
of
Truth
stretches
out
her
right
hand
,
the
most
certain
pledg
of
human
Safety
.
Which
how
it
has
flourished
in
our
City
,
all
Nations
have
been
sensible
of
,
and
we
shall
make
evident
in
a
few
Examples
.
1.
When
Ptolomey
the
King
had
left
the
People
of
Rome
to
take
the
tuition
of
his
Son
upon
them
,
the
Senate
appointed
M.
Aemilius
Lepidus
,
the
High-Priest
,
to
be
Guardian
to
the
young
Infant
,
and
sent
him
to
Alexandria
for
that
purpose
;
making
use
of
the
sanctity
of
a
famous
and
most
upright
person
,
whose
publick
Abilities
had
been
sufficienty
known
among
them
,
lest
the
credit
and
dignity
of
the
City
should
have
been
any
way
injur'd
.
This
became
not
only
the
preservation
,
but
the
ornament
of
the
Royal
Infancy
;
so
that
when
he
came
of
age
,
he
knew
not
of
which
he
had
most
to
boast
,
whether
in
the
Fortune
of
his
Father
,
or
the
Majesty
of
his
Tator
.
2.
Famous
also
was
the
succeeding
piece
of
Roman
Integrity
.
A
great
Navy
of
the
Carthaginians
being
overthrown
near
the
Coast
of
Sicilia
,
the
Captains
of
the
Enemies
,
quite
out
of
heart
,
began
to
think
of
making
some
overtures
of
Peace
.
But
when
it
was
argued
who
should
go
,
Amilcar
refus'd
,
for
fear
lest
the
Romans
should
serve
him
as
the
Carthaginians
had
served
Cor.
Asina
the
Consul
,
whom
they
had
detain●d
a
Prisoner
in
Chains
.
But
Hanno
,
better
understanding
the
Roman
Faith
,
very
confidently
profer'd
himself
.
To
whom
as
he
was
in
treaty
,
when
a
Tribune
of
the
People
spoke
,
and
bid
him
take
heed
he
had
not
the
same
usage
as
the
Consul
Cornelius
had
had
;
both
the
Consuls
commanding
the
Tribune
to
be
silent
:
Hanno
,
cryed
they
,
from
that
fear
the
reputation
of
our
City
frees
thee
.
It
had
made
them
famous
,
that
they
could
be
Masters
of
so
great
a
Captain
of
their
Enemies
;
but
much
more
famous
,
that
they
would
not
.
3.
The
same
reputation
the
Conscript
Fathers
observ'd
in
defending
the
Priviledges
of
Embassadors
.
For
when
M.
Aemilius
Lepidus
and
C.
Flaminius
were
Consuls
,
Culeo
the
Praetor
by
an
order
of
the
Senate
caus'd
L.
Minutius
and
L.
Manlius
to
be
deliver'd
to
the
Carthaginian
Embassadors
by
the
Heralds
themselves
,
because
they
had
laid
violent
hands
upon
them
.
The
Senate
regarding
more
their
own
Honour
,
than
the
persons
for
whose
sake
they
did
the
Justice
.
4.
These
Examples
the
Elder
Africanus
following
,
when
he
had
taken
a
Vessel
wherein
were
several
persons
,
and
many
of
the
chiefest
among
the
Carthaginian
Nobility
,
yet
he
dismiss'd
them
all
untoucht
,
because
they
told
him
,
they
were
sent
as
Embassadors
to
him
;
though
he
knew
it
to
be
an
excuse
of
their
own
framing
,
to
avoid
the
present
danger
;
that
the
Faith
of
the
Roman
General
might
rather
seem
to
be
deceiv'd
,
than
implor'd
in
vain
.
5.
Let
us
not
forget
that
noble
Act
of
the
Senate
,
by
no
means
to
be
omitted
.
Q.
Fabius
and
Cn.
Apronius
Aediles
,
by
reason
of
a
Tumult
that
happen'd
,
had
sent
away
the
Embassadours
that
came
from
Apollonia
to
Rome
.
Which
so
soon
as
the
Senate
understood
,
they
caus'd
them
to
be
deliver'd
up
to
the
Embassadours
by
the
hands
of
the
Heralds
,
and
sent
a
Questor
to
convoy
them
to
Brundusium
,
lest
they
should
receive
any
injury
in
their
passage
.
Could
such
a
Court
as
that
be
said
to
be
a
Council
of
mortal
Men
,
and
not
rather
the
Temple
of
Faith
?
Which
was
no
less
admir'd
by
our
Allies
,
than
it
was
religiously
observ'd
in
our
City
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
For
before
the
miserable
slaughter
of
the
two
Scipio's
in
Spain
,
and
the
destruction
of
as
many
Armies
of
the
Roman
Nation
,
the
Saguntines
being
restrain'd
within
their
own
Walls
by
the
victorious
Arms
of
Hannibal
,
when
they
could
no
longer
resist
the
Carthaginian
power
,
they
brought
forth
all
their
most
precious
things
into
the
Market-place
,
and
kindling
the
Pile
,
threw
themselves
into
the
common
and
publick
fire
,
that
they
might
not
be
accompted
false
to
our
Alliance
.
I
cannot
but
believe
,
that
Faith
her self
,
surveying
humane
affairs
,
lookt
with
a
sorrowful
countenance
,
beholding
such
a
religious
observance
of
her
Laws
condemn'd
by
such
a
fatal
Event
to
the
Arbitration
of
unjust
Fortune
.
2.
By
an
act
of
the
same
nature
,
the
Petellines
obtain'd
the
same
applause
.
Who
being
besieg'd
by
Hannibal
,
because
they
would
not
forsake
our
Alliance
,
sent
Ambassadours
to
the
Senate
,
imploring
relief
.
But
the
Romans
,
because
of
their
losses
at
Cannae
,
not
being
able
to
succour
them
,
gave
them
liberty
to
provide
the
best
they
could
for
their
own
safety
.
So
that
they
were
free
to
accept
of
Conditions
from
the
Carthaginians
.
However
,
they
,
turning
their
Women
,
aged
and
infirm
people
out
of
the
City
,
obstinately
defended
their
Walls
to
the
last
:
So
that
their
whole
City
expir'd
,
before
they
would
lay
aside
their
respect
to
the
Roman
Alliance
.
Nor
did
Hannibal
take
Petellia
,
but
the
sepulchre
of
the
Petellian
Faith
.
CHAP.
VII
.
Of
the
Truth
of
Wives
to
their
Husbands
.
-
1.
Aemilia
,
the
Wife
of
the
Elder
Scipio
.
-
2.
Thuria
,
the
Wife
of
Q.
Lucretius
Vespillo
.
-
3.
Sulpitia
,
the
Wife
of
Lentulus
.
1.
THat
we
may
not
omit
the
Truth
of
Women
in
Matrimony
,
Aemilia
the
Wife
of
the
Elder
Africanus
,
the
Mother
of
Cornelia
,
Mother
of
the
Gracchi
,
was
so
dutiful
and
patient
,
that
though
she
knew
her
Husband
had
a
kindness
for
one
of
her
Maids
,
she
took
no
notice
of
it
;
because
she
would
not
blemish
the
Conquerour
of
Africa
with
the
guilt
of
Unchastity
.
And
so
far
she
was
from
revenge
,
that
after
her
Husbands
death
,
she
set
her
Maid
free
,
and
gave
her
in
marriage
to
a
Freed
man
of
his
.
2.
When
Q.
Lucretius
was
banished
by
the
Triumvirs
,
Thuria
his
Wife
kept
him
out
of
harms
way
,
between
the
head
of
the
Bed
and
the
ceiling
of
the
Chamber
,
not
without
great
danger
to
her self
.
And
so
true
she
was
to
him
,
that
while
others
that
were
banished
,
as
he
was
,
wander'd
in
pinching
extremity
,
in
remote
Countries
among
Enemies
,
he
all
the
while
lay
safe
in
the
bosome
of
his
Wife
.
3.
Sulpitia
being
kept
up
very
strictly
by
her
Mother
Julia
,
for
●ear
she
should
follow
h●r
Husband
Lentulus
Crustellio
,
banish'd
by
the
Triumvirs
into
Sicily
;
nevertheless
made
her
escape
in
a
disguise
,
and
with
only
two
Maid-servants
and
two
Men-servants
got
safe
to
him
.
Banishing
her self
,
that
she
might
not
fail
in
her
duty
toward
her
Husband
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
the
Fidelity
of
Servants
to
their
Masters
.
-
1.
The
Servant
of
M.
Antonius
the
Oratour
.
-
2.
The
Servant
of
C.
Marius
.
-
3.
Philocrates
the
Servant
of
C.
Gracchus
.
-
4.
Pindarus
the
Servant
of
C.
Cassius
.
-
5.
The
Family
of
Plotius
Plancus
.
-
6.
The
Servant
of
Urbinius
Anapio
.
-
7.
The
Servant
of
Antius
Restio
.
IT
remains
that
we
relate
the
Fidelity
of
Servants
to
their
Masters
;
so
much
the
more
praise-worthy
,
by
how
much
it
was
least
expected
from
them
.
1.
Marcus
Antonius
,
a
most
celebrated
Oratour
in
the
days
of
our
Ancestors
,
was
accus'd
of
Incest
;
whose
Accusers
were
obstinately
importunate
with
the
Judges
that
his
Servant
might
be
examin'd
for
a
witness
;
because
they
pretended
that
he
carried
the
Lanthorn
before
him
,
when
he
went
to
commit
the
Fact
.
He
was
at
that
time
a
beardless
Youth
,
and
saw
himself
ready
to
be
sent
to
the
Rack
,
yet
never
budg'd
for
it
.
But
when
he
came
home
,
and
saw
Antonius
very
much
troubled
about
the
business
,
he
earnestly
begg'd
of
his
Master
,
that
he
might
be
put
to
the
Rack
;
affirming
,
that
they
should
not
force
a
tittle
out
of
his
mouth
to
do
him
a
prejudice
.
And
with
a
wonderful
patience
he
performed
his
promise
:
For
being
lash'd
with
many
stripes
,
set
upon
the
Wooden-horse
,
and
sear'd
with
burning
plates
of
Iron
,
he
overthrew
the
whole
force
of
his
Masters
accusation
,
by
standing
firm
to
his
preservation
.
Fortune
might
be
deservedly
blam'd
,
for
having
imprison'd
so
pious
and
stout
a
Soul
in
the
Body
of
a
Slave
.
2.
But
the
Consul
C.
Marius
,
whose
ill
success
was
miserable
at
the
Siege
of
Praeneste
,
seeing
it
in
vain
to
escape
through
a
little
Myne
under
ground
,
and
slightly
wounded
by
Thelesinus
,
with
whom
he
had
designed
to
live
,
was
run
through
and
slain
by
his
Servant
,
to
free
him
from
the
cruelty
of
Sylla
;
though
he
had
large
promises
made
him
,
to
deliver
him
up
to
the
Victor
.
The
seasonable
assistance
of
whose
right
hand
,
no
way
seems
inferiour
to
the
Piety
of
those
who
have
protected
their
Masters
in
safety
.
Because
at
that
time
not
Life
,
but
Death
was
most
beneficial
to
Marius
.
3.
Equally
illustrious
was
the
following
Example
.
Caius
Gracchus
,
that
he
might
not
fall
into
the
power
of
his
Enemies
,
laid
his
neck
to
be
cut
off
by
his
Servant
Phil●crates
.
Which
when
he
had
cut
off
with
a
swift
blow
,
he
thrust
the
Sword
still
reaking
with
his
Masters
blood
into
his
own
Bowels
.
Others
call
this
Servant
Euporus
:
I
dispute
not
about
the
name
,
only
I
admire
the
stoutness
of
a
servile
Fidelity
;
the
nobleness
of
whose
Soul
had
the
generous
Youth
imitated
,
he
had
avoided
the
threatning
danger
,
by
the
benefit
of
his
own
and
not
his
Servants
hand
.
But
now
he
gave
way
that
the
Carcass
of
Philocrates
should
lye
in
more
splendour
than
that
of
Gracchu●
his
Master
.
4.
Another
sort
of
Fury
,
and
another
sort
of
Nobility
,
but
the
same
Example
of
Fidelity
.
For
Pindarus
,
the
Freed-man
of
Cassius
,
having
slain
his
Master
by
his
command
,
after
he
had
lost
the
Battle
of
Philippi
,
preserv'd
him
from
the
insultings
of
his
Enemies
;
nor
was
the
Servant
ever
seen
after
.
Which
of
the
Gods
,
Revenger
of
the
most
hainous
Crimes
of
Mortals
,
so
benumb'd
that
Valour
,
that
ventur'd
to
the
destruction
of
the
Parent
of
the
Empire
,
that
it
should
so
abjectly
trembling
submit
it self
at
the
knees
of
Pindarus
,
to
avoid
the
punishment
of
publick
Parricide
,
which
it
deserv'd
from
the
hands
of
a
most
pious
Victor
?
Thou
,
thou
it
was
,
most
divine
Julius
,
that
didst
exact
the
revenge
due
to
thy
celestial
wounds
,
compelling
that
proud
Head
;
so
perfidious
to
thee
,
to
implore
the
sordid
aid
of
a
Slave
,
driven
to
that
extremity
of
fury
,
that
he
neither
defir'd
to
live
,
nor
durst
to
dye
by
his
own
hand
.
5.
Of
these
calamities
C.
Plotius
Plancus
,
the
Brother
of
Munatius
Plancus
both
Consul
and
Censor
,
was
a
sad
partaker
;
who
lurking
in
the
Territories
of
Salernum
,
after
he
had
been
banish'd
by
the
Triumvirs
,
discover'd
the
Sanctuary
of
his
Safety
by
his
effeminate
way
of
living
,
and
the
odours
of
his
sweet
Oyntments
.
For
thereby
the
industrious
care
of
those
that
persecute
the
miserable
,
smelt
out
his
secret
haunts
:
By
whom
the
Servants
being
apprehended
,
and
long
tortur'd
,
denied
they
knew
where
their
Master
was
.
Then
would
not
Plancus
endure
that
Servants
,
so
faithful
and
exemplary
,
should
be
any
longer
tormented
;
but
discover'd
himself
,
and
offer'd
his
Throat
to
the
Souldiers
weapons
▪
Which
contest
of
mutual
good
Will
,
makes
it
difficult
to
be
decided
,
whether
the
Master
were
more
worthy
,
who
had
the
trial
of
such
a
constant
Fidelity
in
his
Servants
;
or
the
Servants
,
who
were
freed
from
the
severity
of
the
Rack
,
by
the
just
compassion
of
their
Master
.
6.
What
shall
I
say
to
the
Servant
of
Vrbinius
Panopio
,
how
admirable
was
his
Faith
?
Who
understanding
that
certain
Souldiers
,
having
found
where
his
Master
was
,
by
the
treachery
of
his
Servants
,
were
come
to
the
Town
of
Reate
to
kill
him
,
changing
his
Ga●ments
with
him
,
and
putting
on
his
own
Ring
,
he
put
his
Master
out
at
a
Back-door
,
and
retiring
himself
into
his
Masters
Chamber
and
into
his
Masters
Bed
,
suffered
himself
patiently
to
be
kill'd
in
lieu
of
Pan●pio
.
The
act
is
soon
related
,
but
the
commenda●●on
which
it
deserves
is
not
so
easily
given
.
However
,
Panopio
tes●i●i●d
how
much
he
was
beholding
to
his
Servant
,
by
raising
him
an
ample
Monument
,
with
a
grateful
Inscription
.
7.
I
might
be
contented
with
these
Examples
;
but
the
wonder
of
the
Fact
compells
me
to
relate
one
more
.
Antius
Restio
being
proscrib'd
by
the
Triumviri
,
when
he
saw
all
his
Servants
busie
upon
rapine
and
ransack
,
in
a
tempestuous
night
withdrew
himself
from
his
House
.
Whose
flight
being
observed
by
a
Slave
that
he
had
kept
severely
in
Chains
,
and
one
that
he
had
burnt
in
the
Forehead
with
contumelious
Letters
;
the
Slave
never
left
till
he
had
overtaken
him
,
to
the
end
he
might
attend
him
in
his
misery
▪
By
which
most
exquisite
and
dangerous
officiousness
,
he
completed
the
full
measure
of
a
most
signal
Piety
.
For
when
they
,
whose
condition
was
better
at
home
,
minded
nothing
but
the
ransack
of
their
Master
,
he
thought
the
sa●ety
of
that
person
,
who
had
been
so
cruel
to
him
,
to
be
the
greatest
profit
he
could
enjoy
.
And
when
it
had
been
enough
to
have
laid
aside
his
Anger
,
he
added
Charity
.
Nor
did
his
good
Will
end
here
,
but
be
us'd
a
Stratagem
to
preserve
his
Master
.
For
when
he
perceiv'd
the
Souldiers
were
at
hand
,
he
hid
his
Master
,
and
making
a
Funeral
Pile
,
got
a
poor
old
man
whom
he
slew
and
threw
him
into
the
flame
.
When
the
Souldiers
ask●d
him
for
Antius
;
pointing
to
the
Pile
,
I
have
thrown
him
,
said
he
,
into
that
Pile
,
for
his
cruelty
to
me
.
The
Souldiers
,
believing
the
probability
of
the
Story
,
went
their
way
;
whereby
Antius
had
time
to
provide
for
his
safety
.
CHAP.
IX
.
Of
the
Change
of
Manners
and
Fortune
.
Among
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
T.
Manlius
Torquatus
.
-
2.
P.
Africanus
the
Elder
.
-
3.
C.
Valerius
Flaccus
the
Flamin
.
-
4.
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
.
-
5.
Q.
Lutatius
Catulus
.
-
6.
L.
Cornelius
Scylla
the
Happy
.
-
7.
T.
Aufidius
.
-
8.
P.
Rupilius
.
-
9.
P.
Ventidius
Bassus
.
-
10.
L.
Cornelius
Lentulus
Lupus
.
-
11.
Cn.
Cornelius
Scipio
Asina
.
-
12.
Licinius
Crassus
the
Rich.
-
13.
Q.
Servilius
Caepio
.
-
14.
C.
Marius
.
-
15.
C.
Julius
Caesar
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Polemon
the
Atheman
.
-
2.
Themistocles
the
Athenian
.
-
3.
Conon
the
Athenian
.
-
4.
Alcibiades
.
-
5.
Polycrates
.
-
6.
Dionysius
of
Syracuse
.
-
7.
Syphax
King
of
the
Numidians
.
A
Considerate
Change
can
either
adde
much
to
the
Trust
,
or
diminish
the
Care
of
worthy
men
;
whether
we
consider
our
own
condition
,
or
the
nature
of
others
:
For
when
we
perceive
some
to
have
risen
from
low
and
contemptible
beginnings
,
why
should
we
not
then
have
better
thoughts
of
our selves
?
Knowing
,
that
it
is
a
foolish
thing
,
to
forejudge
ones
self
of
perpetual
infelicity
,
and
to
change
our
hope
,
which
sometimes
rightly
favours
uncertain
things
,
into
certain
desperation
.
1.
Manlius
Torquatus
,
when
he
was
a
Youth
,
was
look'd
upon
to
be
of
so
dull
and
heavy
a
disposition
,
that
he
was
sent
into
the
Countrey
by
his
Father
Lucius
Manlius
,
a
person
of
great
worth
,
to
follow
the
Plow
,
as
bring
unfit
either
for
publick
or
private
business
.
Afterwards
he
pleaded
for
his
Father
,
being
accus'd
for
some
misdeameanour
,
and
carried
the
Cause
for
him
.
He
cut
off
his
Sons
head
,
though
a
Victor
,
because
he
had
fought
against
his
command
with
the
Enemy
:
and
with
a
most
splendid
Triumph
,
he
reviv'd
his
Countrey
groaning
under
the
Latin
War
.
Thus
his
adverse
Fortune
clouded
him
in
his
Youth
,
that
he
might
shine
more
glorious
in
his
Elder
Years
.
2.
Scipio
Africanus
the
Elder
,
whom
the
Immortal
Gods
decreed
to
be
born
,
that
there
might
be
a
person
in
whom
Vertue
might
shew
it self
in
all
its
variety
,
is
reported
to
have
led
a
debauch'd
life
in
his
younger
years
;
remote
from
the
crime
of
Luxury
,
yet
more
soft
and
idle
than
his
Punic
Trophies
,
or
his
yoaking
the
conquer'd
Carthaginians
.
3.
C.
Valerius
Flaccus
also
,
in
the
time
of
the
Second
Punic
War
,
began
with
a
lewd
course
of
life
:
But
being
chosen
Flamen
by
P.
Licinius
the
High-Priest
,
to
the
end
he
might
reclaim
him
;
applying
himself
to
the
care
of
the
sacred
things
,
and
the
observation
of
the
religious
Rites
,
and
guided
by
Religion
it self
,
the
Captain
of
Frugality
,
he
became
as
great
an
Example
of
Sobriety
and
Piety
,
as
he
was
before
of
Luxury
.
4.
No
person
led
a
more
debauch'd
Life
than
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
,
who
afterwards
by
the
signal
Victory
which
he
obtain'd
against
the
Gauls
,
purchas'd
to
himself
and
his
posterity
the
Sirname
of
Allobrogicus
.
Yet
in
his
elder
years
,
our
City
could
boast
of
no
such
Ornament
as
he
was
,
nor
was
any
person
so
renowned
as
he
.
5.
Who
is
ignorant
how
highly
the
Authority
of
Q.
Catulus
was
advanc'd
,
at
that
very
rime
when
there
was
a
crowd
of
famous
men
living
?
Whose
younger
years
you
will
finde
to
have
been
guilty
of
much
Luxury
and
Softness
.
Which
however
was
no
impediment
to
him
,
but
that
he
became
the
Prince
of
his
Countrey
,
had
the
honour
to
have
his
name
shine
in
the
Capitol
,
and
by
his
own
courage
to
bury
a
Civil
War
that
was
rising
with
a
mighty
force
to
seize
the
Commonwealth
.
6.
But
L.
Sylla
,
till
he
came
to
be
Questor
,
led
a
life
infamous
for
his
Whoring
,
Gaming
and
Drinking
.
Whereupon
it
was
reported
,
that
Marius
being
engag'd
in
a
very
smart
War
in
Africa
,
complain'd
that
they
had
sent
him
such
an
effeminate
Questor
.
But
his
Vertue
,
having
as
it
were
broken
down
the
fences
of
wickedness
,
made
a
shift
to
chain
the
hands
of
Jugurth
,
quell
Mithridates
,
withstand
the
billows
of
the
War
of
our
Allies
,
break
the
power
of
Cinna
,
and
compel
him
that
had
despis'd
him
,
when
his
Questor
in
Africa
,
to
fly
a
proscrib'd
Exile
into
the
same
Province
for
safety
.
Which
so
various
and
so
contrary
acts
,
he
that
shall
with
a
serious
minde
consider
,
would
believe
there
were
two
Sylla's
in
one
man
.
I
would
have
call'd
him
a
vicious
youth
,
but
a
brave
man
,
had
he
not
himself
assum'd
the
title
of
Happy
.
7.
And
as
we
have
admonish'd
Nobility
to
regard
itself
by
the
benefit
of
repentance
,
let
us
adde
a
few
Examples
of
those
that
dar'd
aspire
from
meaner
beginnings
.
T.
Aufidius
,
who
once
had
the
gathering
but
of
a
small
pittance
of
the
Asiatic
Tribute
,
afterwards
rul'd
all
Asia
,
as
Consul
.
Nor
did
our
Allies
disdain
to
obey
his
Fasces
,
whom
they
had
seen
flattering
the
Tribunals
of
Forreign●rs
.
For
he
behavd
himself
faithfully
and
nobly
:
plainly
demonstrating
,
that
his
former
way
of
living
,
was
only
the
effect
of
Fortune
;
but
that
the
present
advancement
of
his
Dignity
,
was
to
be
attributed
to
the
greatness
of
his
parts
.
8.
Publius
Rupilius
was
no
Toll-gatherer
in
Sicilia
,
but
only
a
mean
Officer
under
them
;
so
miserable
poor
,
that
he
had
nothing
to
keep
Life
and
Soul
together
,
but
a
small
Office
that
depended
upon
the
leave
of
the
vanquish'd
.
Yet
from
him
,
Consul
afterwards
,
all
Sicilia
receiv'd
their
Laws
,
after
he
had
freed
them
from
the
terrors
of
a
smart
War
of
the
Pirats
and
Fugitives
.
I
believe
that
the
very
Ports
themselves
,
if
there
be
any
sence
in
mute
things
,
admir'd
the
wonderful
change
in
the
Condition
of
that
man
.
For
the
same
person
that
they
had
teen
exacting
the
dayly
Customs
,
the
same
person
they
saw
giving
Laws
to
Navies
and
Armies
.
9.
To
this
increase
of
Dignity
I
will
adde
a
greater
.
When
Asculum
was
taken
,
Cn.
Pompeius
,
the
Father
of
Pompey
the
Great
,
prostituted
to
the
eyes
of
the
People
P.
Ventidius
,
a
beardless
Youth
,
in
the
Triumph
that
he
had
obtain'd
.
Yet
this
was
that
Ventidius
,
who
afterwards
triumph'd
at
Rome
over
the
Parthians
,
and
reveng'd
the
death
of
Crassus
,
miserably
foyl'd
in
a
strange
Countrey
.
Thus
he
that
a
Captive
dreaded
imprisonment
,
now
a
Victor
crowns
the
Capitol
with
his
success
.
And
this
is
farther
remarkable
of
the
same
person
,
that
he
was
made
Pretor
and
Consul
both
in
one
and
the
same
year
.
10.
Now
let
us
consider
the
diversities
of
Chance
.
L.
Lentulus
was
depos'd
by
the
Caecilian
Law
,
of
his
Consulship
,
being
convicted
of
Bribery
,
and
yet
was
created
Censor
with
L.
Censorinus
.
Thus
Fortune
shuffl●d
him
between
Honour
and
Disgrace
;
condemning
him
in
his
Consulship
,
and
honouring
him
with
the
Office
of
Censor
when
he
was
condemn'd
;
neither
suffering
him
to
enjoy
a
lasting
happiness
,
nor
long
to
abide
in
a
miserable
condition
.
11.
Thus
Fortune
shew'd
her
power
also
in
Cn.
Cornelius
Scipio
Asina
.
Who
when
he
was
Consul
,
being
taken
by
the
Carthaginians
at
Liparae
,
and
had
lost
all
by
the
right
of
War
,
yet
by
the
favour
of
Fortune
recovered
all
,
and
was
again
created
Consul
.
Who
would
have
thought
he
should
have
been
brought
from
the
Fasces
to
the
Fetters
of
the
Carthaginians
?
Who
would
have
thought
again
,
that
from
the
Punic
chains
he
should
have
advanc'd
himself
to
the
highest
degrees
of
Honour
?
But
yet
he
was
from
a
Consul
made
a
Captive
,
and
from
a
Captive
became
Consul
.
12.
What
?
Did
not
the
vastness
of
Crassus
Wealth
give
him
the
Sirname
of
Rich
?
Yet
Poverty
afterwards
laid
upon
him
the
shameful
title
of
a
Bankrupt
;
his
Goods
being
sold
by
his
Creditors
,
because
he
could
not
pay
the
principal
;
beside
the
bitter
Sarcasme
wherewith
every
one
that
met
him
,
saluted
him
,
calling
him
still
,
Rich
Crassus
.
13.
Q.
Caepio
excels
Crassus
in
severity
of
Fortunes
inconstancy
.
For
he
having
obtain'd
the
splendour
of
the
Praeto●ship
,
the
renown
of
a
Triumph
,
the
dignity
of
a
Consulship
,
the
glory
of
the
High-Priesthood
,
insomuch
that
he
was
call'd
The
Patron
of
the
Senate
;
yet
died
in
J●yl
,
and
his
Body
tortur'd
and
dilacerated
by
the
cruel
hand
of
the
Hangman
,
became
a
spectacle
of
horror
to
the
Roman
People
in
the
publick
place
of
Execution
.
14.
The
Life
of
Marius
was
a
strange
contest
with
Fortune
;
for
he
withstood
all
her
opposition
with
a
stoutness
of
mind
and
body
.
Being
thought
unworthy
the
low
honours
of
an
Arpinate
(
for
whom
it
was
not
lawful
to
aspire
high
)
he
ventur'd
to
stand
for
the
Questorship
at
Rome
.
And
by
his
patience
in
bearing
repulses
,
he
rather
broke
by
force
,
than
was
admitted
into
the
Senate
.
He
had
the
same
repulses
when
he
stood
for
the
Tribuneship
and
Aedileship
in
the
Field
of
Mars
.
Standing
for
the
Praetorship
,
he
carried
the
lowest
degree
,
which
notwithstanding
he
obtain'd
with
great
difficulty
;
for
being
accus'd
for
bribing
Voic●s
,
he
was
hardly
acquitted
by
the
judges
.
Yet
from
that
Marius
,
so
meanly
born
at
Arpinum
,
so
despised
at
Rome
,
and
so
abhorr'd
a
Candidate
,
sprung
that
Marius
who
subdu'd
Africa
,
drove
King
Jugurth
before
his
Chariot
in
Triumph
,
who
utterly
subdued
the
Armies
of
the
Teutons
and
Cimbrians
,
whose
two
Triumphs
were
beheld
in
the
City
,
and
whose
seaven
Consulships
were
register'd
in
the
Annal-Books
;
who
had
the
luck
to
be
created
Consul
returning
from
Banishment
,
and
to
proscribe
his
Proscriber
.
What
mere
mutable
or
inconstant
than
his
condition
?
Who
among
the
miserable
was
most
miserable
,
yet
among
the
fortunate
shall
be
found
most
fortunate
.
15.
But
Julius
Caesar
,
whose
Vertues
gave
him
admission
into
Heaven
,
at
the
beginning
of
his
youth
going
into
Asia
,
being
taken
by
Sea-Rovers
,
was
forced
to
redeem
himself
for
fifty
Talents
.
For
so
small
a
sum
as
that
,
would
Fortune
have
the
brightest
Constellation
in
the
world
sold
in
the
Pyrats
Market
.
Why
then
should
we
complain
of
her
,
when
she
spares
not
the
associates
of
her
Divinity
?
But
the
celestial
Numen
reveng'd
his
own
injury
:
For
presently
after
pursuing
the
slaves
,
and
taking
them
,
he
crucified
them
every
man
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
We
have
been
intent
in
relating
our
own
,
let
us
be
more
succinct
in
the
repetition
of
Forreign
Examples
.
Polemo
,
a
young
Athenian
Gentleman
,
but
infinitely
debauch'd
,
and
one
that
gloried
in
his
shame
,
rising
from
a
Banquet
,
not
after
Sun-set
,
but
after
Sun-rising
,
as
he
went
home
saw
Xenocrates
the
Philosopher's
door
standing
wide
open
.
Drunk
as
he
was
,
richly
perfum'd
,
gayly
clad
,
and
with
his
Garland
upon
his
Head
,
he
enter'd
the
School
,
that
was
full
of
Grave
and
Learned
Men
;
and
nothing
asham'd
of
the
manner
of
his
entry
,
he
sate
down
to
throw
his
drunken
Jests
upon
the
noble
Disputes
and
wholesom
Precepts
that
were
then
utter'd
.
The
company
being
offended
,
Xenocrates
kept
his
temper
,
and
began
to
dispute
of
Modesty
and
Temperance
.
The
Gravity
of
whose
Speech
causing
Polemo
to
repent
,
he
first
threw
his
Garland
to
the
ground
,
presently
after
he
withdrew
his
arms
(
a
token
of
Modesty
among
the
Athenians
)
under
his
Cloak
;
shortly
after
he
left
his
feasting
Mirth
;
and
lastly
,
laid
aside
all
his
Debauchery
;
and
being
cur'd
with
the
wholesome
Medicine
of
one
Oration
,
of
an
infamous
Glutton
became
a
famous
Philosopher
.
For
his
minde
was
only
a
Pilgrim
in
wickedness
,
not
an
Inhabitant
.
2.
It
troubles
me
to
remember
Themistocles
in
his
Youth
;
whether
I
consider
his
Father
that
disinherited
him
,
or
his
Mother
that
hang'd
herself
to
see
the
wicked
course
of
life
her
Son
led
;
when
he
himself
afterwards
became
the
most
famous
person
that
ever
Greece
brought
forth
;
and
was
the
pledge
either
of
hope
or
despair
between
Asia
and
Europe
.
For
the
one
had
him
the
Patron
of
her
Safety
,
the
other
entertain'd
him
as
the
Surety
of
Victory
.
3.
Cimon
in
his
youth
was
look'd
upon
as
a
fool
;
but
the
Athenians
found
the
benefit
of
his
foolish
commands
:
Compelling
them
to
condemn
themselves
of
stupidity
,
who
had
accus'd
him
of
Folly
.
4.
Two
distinct
Fortunes
shar'd
Alcibiades
between
them
.
The
one
,
that
assign'd
him
a
splendid
Nobility
,
vast
Wealth
,
Beauty
incomparable
,
strength
of
Body
,
a
most
piercing
Wit
,
and
the
passionate
love
of
his
Countrey-men
:
The
other
,
that
inflicted
upon
him
Condemnaton
,
Banishment
,
Sale
of
his
Estate
,
Poverty
,
the
hatred
of
his
Countrey
,
and
a
violent
Death
.
Neither
the
one
nor
the
other
altogether
,
but
by
intermission
,
like
the
ebbing
and
flowing
of
the
Sea
.
5.
Polycrates
,
the
Tyrant
of
Samos
,
lived
in
such
a
prodigality
of
Fortunes
favours
,
that
he
was
admir'd
even
to
Envy
,
not
without
cause
;
his
endeavors
all
prosper'd
;
his
hopes
reap'd
the
fruit
of
what
they
desired
;
his
wishes
were
no
sooner
nam'd
than
granted
:
To
desire
,
and
be
able
to
perform
,
was
the
same
thing
.
Once
only
Fortune
chang'd
her
coutenance
,
when
he
threw
a
Ring
,
which
he
highly
esteem'd
,
into
the
Sea
,
that
he
might
not
be
said
to
have
undergone
no
misfortune
;
which
however
he
presently
recover'd
,
the
fish
being
taken
that
had
swallowed
it
.
But
he
could
not
always
hold
this
prosperous
course
of
felicity
,
that
swell'd
his
full
sails
:
For
Orontes
,
one
of
Darius's
Commanders
,
having
taken
him
,
caus'd
him
to
be
crucified
upon
the
highest
top
of
the
Mycalensian
Mountain
.
From
whence
the
City
of
Samos
,
long
oppressed
by
his
severe
Tyranny
,
with
the
joyful
eyes
of
freemen
beheld
his
stinking
Arteries
,
his
members
besmear'd
with
Blood
,
and
that
left
hand
,
to
whom
Neptune
had
restor'd
the
Ring
by
the
hand
of
the
Fisherman
,
the
sad
spectacle
of
Misfortune
.
6.
Dionysius
also
when
he
had
enter'd
upon
the
Tyranny
of
Sicily
,
by
his
Fathers
Will
,
the
Lord
of
a
vast
Wealth
,
a
Captain
of
Armies
,
an
Admiral
of
a
Navy
,
potent
in
Horse
,
yet
was
forced
to
teach
School
at
Corinth
,
for
his
livelihood
:
And
at
the
same
time
,
of
a
Tyrant
being
now
become
a
School-master
,
he
warn'd
his
Elders
by
such
a
change
,
how
little
they
were
to
trust
to
Fortune
.
7.
Next
to
him
follows
Syphax
the
King
,
who
underwent
the
same
severity
of
Fortune
;
to
whom
however
at
the
same
time
,
Rome
by
Scipio
,
Carthage
by
Asdrubal
,
made
their
addresses
for
his
Friendship
.
But
while
he
stood
thus
courted
,
that
he
seem'd
to
be
an
Arbiter
of
Victory
between
the
greatest
and
most
potent
People
in
the
world
;
In
a
short
time
after
,
he
was
brought
chain'd
by
Laelius
to
Scipio
,
and
now
lyes
prostrate
at
the
feet
of
him
,
whom
he
thought
it
favour
enough
before
,
as
he
fate
upon
his
Throne
,
to
take
by
the
hand
.
Thus
meerly
vain
,
and
fragil
,
and
like
the
baubles
Children
play
with
,
are
those
great
things
which
we
call
Human
Power
and
Wealth
:
On
a
suddain
they
abound
,
and
vanish
as
soon
:
In
no
place
or
person
fix'd
upon
a
stable
foundation
;
but
toss'd
hither
and
thither
by
the
uncertain
state
of
Fortune
,
miserably
they
precipitate
them
into
the
depth
of
Calamity
,
whom
but
now
they
had
exalted
as
high
as
Heaven
.
And
therefore
they
are
neither
to
be
esteemed
nor
accompted
Felicity
,
which
to
the
end
they
may
redouble
a
desire
of
enjoying
them
,
are
wont
to
oppress
with
a
heavier
weight
,
those
that
they
flatter'd
before
with
their
most
indulgent
savours
.
LIB.
VII
.
CHAP.
I.
Of
Happiness
.
-
1.
Q.
Metellus
the
Macedonian
.
-
2.
Gyges
the
King
of
Lydia
.
WE
have
related
several
Examples
of
the
Inconstancy
of
Fortune
;
for
there
are
very
few
that
render
her
propitious
.
Whereby
it
is
evident
that
she
is
generous
and
free
of
her
Adversity
,
but
very
sparing
of
her
Prosperity
.
1.
Let
us
see
then
with
how
many
degrees
of
favour
she
prosecuted
Metellus
from
his
Infancy
to
his
Death
,
with
an
incessant
indulgence
.
She
gave
him
his
birth
in
the
Capital
City
of
the
World
:
She
gave
him
most
noble
Parents
:
She
furnish'd
him
with
admirable
parts
of
Nature
,
and
strength
of
Body
:
She
married
him
to
a
Wife
conspicuous
for
her
Chastity
&
Fertility
:
She
grac'd
him
with
the
Honour
of
Consulship
,
the
Imperatorian
Dignity
,
and
the
Splendour
of
a
renowned
Triumph
:
She
so
order'd
it
,
that
at
the
same
time
he
had
three
Sons
living
,
Consular
men
;
one
also
a
Censor
and
Triumpher
;
and
the
fourth
a
Pretor
.
She
married
him
Three
Daughters
,
whose
Issue
he
received
into
his
own
bosom
:
And
among
all
these
Children
born
,
so
many
Youths
coming
to
age
,
so
many
Nuptial
Torches
,
such
an
abundance
of
Honour
,
Empire
and
Congratulation
,
not
one
Funeral
,
not
one
Tear
,
or
the
least
cause
of
Sadness
.
Consider
the
Heavens
,
and
we
shall
hardly
meet
with
so
perdurable
a
condition
there
;
while
we
finde
the
greatest
Philosophers
lodging
grief
and
pain
in
the
very
breasts
of
the
Gods
.
Nor
was
his
end
unlike
the
course
of
his
Life
.
For
after
he
had
liv'd
a
fair
age
,
an
easie
Death
carried
him
off
from
the
last
farewels
and
embraces
of
his
dearest
Pledges
;
and
he
was
carried
to
his
Funeral-Pile
upon
the
shoulders
of
his
Sons
and
Sons-in
.
Law
through
the
City
.
2.
A
noble
Felicity
this
;
yet
the
following
was
prefer'd
by
the
Divinity
it self
.
For
when
Gyges
,
puft
up
with
the
riches
and
power
of
his
Kingdom
of
Lydia
,
went
to
enquire
of
Pythrian
Apollo
,
whether
any
Mortal
was
happier
than
he
;
The
God
made
answer
with
a
low
voice
,
from
the
hollow
retirement
of
his
sacred
Den
,
that
Aglaus
Sophidius
was
more
happy
than
he
.
He
was
the
poorest
of
the
Arcadians
,
but
the
elder
of
the
two
:
one
that
never
had
increas'd
the
bounds
of
his
own
land
;
contented
with
the
Income
of
a
poor
Farm
.
But
Apollo
meant
the
true
,
not
the
obscure
end
of
a
happy
Life
:
and
therefore
gave
that
answer
to
one
that
insolently
gloried
in
the
splendour
of
his
fortune
,
That
he
rather
approv'd
a
Cottage
in
a
calm
security
of
content
,
than
the
cares
and
anxieties
of
a
Court
;
a
few
clods
of
earth
void
of
fear
,
than
all
the
fertile
Acres
of
Lydia
incumber'd
with
continual
dread
;
and
one
or
two
yoak
of
Oxen
easily
maintain'd
,
than
Armies
of
Horse
and
Foot
,
burthensome
even
to
vast
expences
;
and
a
small
Barn
subject
to
no
mans
Envy
,
than
Exchequers
exposed
to
the
covetous
desires
and
rapacious
violence
of
all
men
.
Thus
while
Gyges
labours
to
finde
a
God
to
favour
his
vain
opinion
,
he
learns
wherein
the
true
and
solid
Happiness
consists
.
CHAP.
II.
Of
things
wisely
said
or
done
.
By
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
App.
Claudius
.
-
2.
P.
Scipio
Africanus
.
-
3.
Q.
Caecilius
Metellus
.
-
4.
L.
Fimbria
.
-
5.
Papyrius
Cursor
.
-
6.
The
Senate
of
Rome
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Socrates
the
Athenian
.
-
2.
Solon
the
Athenian
.
-
3.
Bion
of
Prienne
.
-
4.
Plato
of
Athens
.
-
5.
Antigonus
the
King
.
-
6.
Xenocrates
the
Philosopher
.
-
7.
Aristophanes
the
Comedian
.
-
8.
Thales
the
Philosopher
.
-
9.
Anaxagoras
of
Clazomene
.
-
10.
Demas
the
Athenian
.
-
11.
Anacharsis
the
Scythian
.
-
12.
Agesilaus
the
Spartan
.
-
13.
Hanno
the
Carthaginian
.
-
14.
Herennius
Pontius
the
Samnite
.
-
15.
The
Cretans
.
I
Will
now
treat
of
that
sort
of
Felicity
,
which
is
altogether
in
the
habit
of
the
Minde
,
and
is
not
to
be
obtain'd
by
wishes
,
but
is
bred
in
the
breasts
of
men
,
and
advances
it self
by
things
famously
said
or
done
.
1.
It
is
reported
that
Appius
Claudius
was
often
wont
to
say
,
That
the
People
of
Rome
were
better
to
be
trusted
with
Business
than
Idleness
:
Not
but
that
they
understo●d
the
pleasure
of
a
calm
condition
,
but
because
he
found
that
potent
Empires
were
excited
to
Vertue
,
by
the
vicissitude
and
agitation
of
Human
Affairs
.
And
certainly
Business
,
terrible
to
name
,
preserv'd
the
customs
of
our
City
in
their
best
condition
but
Rest
,
that
has
a
softer
name
,
first
fill'd
it
full
of
Vice
.
2.
Scipio
Africanus
was
wont
to
say
,
That
in
affairs
of
War
,
it
was
a
shameful
thing
to
cry
,
I
had
not
thought
.
Believing
that
the
●●●nsactions
of
the
Sword
ought
to
be
carried
on
with
a
serious
and
well-examin'd
deliberation
.
For
that
Errour
is
never
to
be
retriev'd
,
that
is
committed
in
the
heat
of
War
.
The
same
person
denied
that
an
Enemy
was
to
be
fought
with
,
but
only
when
there
was
a
kind
opportunity
,
or
a
pressing
necessity
.
Both
prudently
said
.
For
to
omit
an
opportunity
of
acting
with
success
,
is
the
greatest
madness
in
the
world
:
And
he
that
is
compel●'d
to
a
necessity
of
giving
Battle
,
yet
abstains
from
fighting
,
shews
a
p●ece
of
slo●●●
of
〈◊〉
p●stiferous
consequence
.
And
of
those
th●●
co●●m●
these
●●●●●●ties
,
one
part
knows
not
how
to
make
use
of
the
benefit
of
Fortune
,
the
other
k●ows
not
how
to
●esist
the
injury
of
Fortune
.
3.
It
was
also
both
a
grave
and
lofty
Sentence
,
which
Metellus
spoke
in
the
〈◊〉
.
Who
upon
the
ruine
of
Carthage
plainly
consess'd
.
That
he
kn●w
not
whether
that
Victory
might
bring
more
advantage
or
more
mischief
to
the
Commonwealth
.
For
as
it
was
advantageous
by
the
Peace
which
it
occasion'd
,
so
by
removing
Hannibal
,
it
had
done
harm
.
For
by
his
March
into
Italy
,
the
sleeping
Courage
of
the
Romans
was
rows'd
up
:
And
it
was
to
be
●ea●'d
,
that
being
freed
from
so
formidable
a
●●val
,
it
would
relapse
into
its
former
drowziness
.
So
that
he
r●ckon'd
it
to
be
as
great
a
mischief
for
the
Nerves
of
their
antient
strength
to
be
weaken'd
,
as
tor
their
Houses
to
be
burnt
,
their
Lands
to
be
laid
waste
,
and
their
Treasures
to
be
emptied
.
4.
How
prudent
an
act
was
that
of
Fimbria
the
Consul
!
Who
being
made
an
Arbitrator
by
M.
Lutatius
Pythia
,
a
Roman
Knight
,
upon
a
Security
that
he
had
given
to
an
Adversary
or
his
,
that
he
was
an
honest
Man
,
would
never
deliver
his
judgment
,
lest
he
should
injure
the
fame
of
a
person
unblemish'd
by
pronouncing
against
him
,
or
affirm
him
to
be
a
good
man
,
considering
how
many
qualities
were
requir'd
to
make
a
man
such
.
5.
From
the
Civil
,
we
will
exhibit
a
Military
Act
of
Prudence
.
Papirius
Cursor
,
Consul
,
desirous
to
rise
from
the
Siege
of
Aquilonia
to
give
the
Enemy
battle
,
was
●o'd
by
the
Augur
that
the
Entrails
of
the
Fowl
pro●●s'd
all
things
prosperously
,
when
there
was
no
such
thing
.
Afterwards
being
inform'd
of
the
fallacy
,
he
took
it
however
for
a
good
Omen
to
him
and
his
Army
,
and
gave
Battle
:
But
he
placed
the
Impostor
in
the
Fore-front
,
that
the
Gods
,
if
angry
,
might
revenge
themselves
upon
the
right
person
.
And
it
hapned
so
,
whether
by
Chance
or
by
divine
Providence
,
that
the
first
Dart
which
was
thrown
by
the
Enemy
,
hit
the
Impostors
Breast
,
and
struck
him
dead
.
Which
when
the
Consul
understood
,
with
a
renew'd
confidence
,
he
fell
upon
the
Enemy
,
and
took
Aquilonia
.
So
suddenly
did
he
apprehend
,
which
way
the
injury
done
to
the
General
was
to
be
reveng'd
;
how
violated
Religion
was
to
be
expiated
;
and
how
Victory
was
to
be
obtain'd
.
He
acted
the
part
of
a
severe
Man
,
a
religious
Consul
,
and
a
stout
General
:
with
one
kind
of
thought
forcing
at
the
same
time
the
limits
of
fear
,
the
manner
of
punishment
,
and
the
means
of
hope
.
6.
Now
I
will
pass
to
the
Acts
of
the
Senate
.
When
the
Senate
sent
Claudius
Nero
and
Livius
Salinator
Consuls
against
Hannibal
,
and
sound
that
as
they
were
equal
in
Virtue
,
so
they
were
at
as
great
an
●●mi●y
one
with
another
;
they
made
it
their
business
to
make
them
friends
,
that
they
might
not
n●glect
the
publick
for
their
private
dissentions
.
For
unl●ss
there
be
a
true
concord
in
such
Commands
,
there
is
a
greater
desire
to
keep
another
from
doing
go●d
th●n
to
act
well
themselves
:
But
where
there
i●
an
inv●t●rate
Hatred
,
they
are
greater
Enemies
to
one
another
,
than
the
Adversary
they
go
to
fight
with
.
Those
very
men
being
accused
by
Cn.
Baebius
,
〈◊〉
Tribune
of
the
People
,
for
their
Severity
in
the
C●nso●ship
,
were
by
the
Decree
of
the
Senat●
freed
from
coming
to
their
Tryal
:
freeing
from
the
fear
of
J●dgment
that
Honour
,
which
was
to
take
,
not
to
give
an
accompt
.
The
same
Wisdome
of
the
Senate
put
Ti.
Gracchus
the
Tribune
to
D●ath
,
for
dari●g
●o
promulgate
the
Agrarian
Law
:
yet
most
pru●●ntly
order'd
,
that
the
Land
should
●●d
vid●d
to
ev●ry
man
by
the
Triumvirs
,
according
to
the
Law
.
Thus
,
at
the
same
time
,
they
took
away
both
the
Autho●
and
the
Cause
of
a
most
turbulent
S●dition
.
How
prudently
did
the
Senat●
behave
th●ms●lves
to
King
Massinissa
!
For
when
they
had
ex●●ri●●c'd
the
faithful
and
ready
service
which
he
had
done
them
against
the
Carthaginians
,
they
made
a
Law
,
whereby
they
gave
Massinissa
a
freedom
absolute
from
the
power
of
the
People
of
Rome
.
By
which
act
,
they
〈◊〉
only
reclaim'd
the
kindness
of
a
person
,
who
had
so
well
deserv'd
of
them
,
but
secur'd
themselves
from
the
barbarity
of
the
Numidians
,
Mauritanians
and
other
Nations
adjoyning
,
who
before
would
never
rest
at
peace
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
I
should
want
time
to
relate
Domestic
Examples
:
For
our
Empire
increases
and
protects
it self
,
not
only
by
strength
of
body
,
but
by
vigour
of
m●nde
.
Therefore
let
the
Roman
Pru●ence
be
silently
for
the
most
part
laid
up
in
admi●ation
,
and
give
way
to
forreign
Examples
of
this
nature
.
S●crates
,
a
kind
of
terr●strial
Oracle
of
humane
Wis●ome
,
was
wont
to
say
,
That
there
was
nothing
more
to
be
ask'd
of
the
Immortal
Gods
,
but
that
would
be
pleased
to
give
us
what
things
were
good
for
us
.
In
reg●rd
they
kn●w
what
was
p●●s●●able
for
every
one
;
but
for
our
par●s
we
beg
those
things
oft-●im●s
,
which
it
were
better
we
should
be
without
.
For
,
oh
thou
mind
of
Mortals
,
wript
up
in
thick
clo●ds
of
darkness
,
how
dost
thou
d●ss●●e
thy
blind
Prayers
into
wide
Errour
!
Thou
cov●●est
R●●hes
,
so
p●rnitious
to
thousands
.
Thou
desi●●st
Honors
,
sa●al
to
M●●titudes
.
Thou
gr●ppl●st
Kingdoms
,
As
oftentimes
●r●●●●●lm'd
with
c●●mity
.
Thou
l●yst
hands
upon
spl●●did
Wedl●cks
,
which
as
they
ennoble
,
as
oftentimes
●●●rturn
whole
Families
.
Cease
then
foo●ishly
to
g●p●●●●er
the
future
causes
of
many
mischiefs
as
the
only
happinesses
to
be
enjoy'd
;
but
submit
thy
sel●
to
the
judgment
of
Heaven
.
For
they
that
are
able
to
give
,
are
b●st
able
to
make
the
choice
.
He
was
also
wont
to
say
,
That
they
took
a
very
short
and
c●mpendious
way
to
Honour
,
who
so
behaved
themselves
,
a●
to
be
readly
su●h
,
as
they
would
seem
to
be
.
Wher●by
the
〈…〉
us
,
that
men
should
rather
follow
V●rtue
it
s●lf
,
th●●
the
●●●dow
of
Virtue
.
The
same
person
,
when
a
Young
man
ask'd
him
Whether
he
should
Marry
,
or
altogether
abstain
from
Wedlock
,
made
him
answer
,
That
let
him
do
which
he
would
,
he
should
be
sure
to
repent
.
For
on
the
one
hand
said
he
,
there
is
solitude
,
want
of
Children
,
extinction
of
Family
and
a
mans
estate
heir'd
by
a
stranger
:
On
the
other
hand
,
perpetual
sollicitation
,
continual
wrangling
,
twittings
in
the
teeth
about
the
Dower
,
the
frowns
of
Kindred
,
the
twatling
of
the
Mother-in-Law
,
the
private
,
friend
,
and
ambushments
of
Cuckoldry
,
with
the
uncertain
hopes
of
Children
.
Thus
he
would
not
suffer
the
Young-man
,
in
a
contexture
of
b●d
accidents
,
to
make
his
choice
in
a
matter
of
pleasure
and
delight
.
The
same
person
,
when
the
wicked
fury
of
the
Athenians
had
pronounced
Sentence
against
his
Life
,
and
that
he
had
received
the
venemous
Potion
given
him
by
the
hand
of
the
common
Executioner
,
with
a
stout
and
constant
resolution
,
putting
the
Cup
to
his
mouth
,
made
this
answer
to
his
Wife
Xantippe
,
crying
out
in
the
midst
of
tears
and
lamentations
that
he
died
innocently
What
then
?
said
he
,
hadst
thou
rather
I
should
have
died
an
offender
?
Oh
profound
Prudence
,
that
!
that
would
not
forget
it self
,
at
the
very
Exit
of
Life
.
2.
How
wisely
did
Solon
aver
,
That
no
man
could
be
accompted
happy
,
while
he
was
yet
alive
!
being
subjedt
to
the
doubtful
chances
of
fortune
,
even
to
the
last
gasp
.
Therefore
doth
the
Funeral-Pile
consummate
the
extent
of
Humane
Felicity
,
which
exposes
it self
to
all
the
assaults
of
Misfortune
.
The
same
person
,
when
he
beheld
one
of
his
Friends
in
a
deep
affliction
,
brought
him
to
a
high
Tower
,
and
bid
him
survey
every
part
of
the
lower
Buildings
:
which
when
he
had
done
,
Consider
now
with
thy self
,
said
he
,
bow
many
occasions
of
lamentation
formerly
there
were
,
and
still
are
in
those
meaner
roofs
,
and
will
happen
hereafter
,
and
cease
to
bewail
the
common
inconveniencies
of
Mortals
,
By
which
act
of
consolation
he
shewed
,
that
Cities
were
but
th●
miserable
cages
of
human
Miseries
.
The
same
person
was
won●
to
say
,
That
if
all
people
were
bound
to
make
a
beap
of
their
misfortunes
in
one
place
,
it
would
so
happen
,
that
every
man
would
rather
carry
his
own
home
again
,
than
hear
his
share
of
the
common
heap
.
From
whence
he
collected
,
that
we
ought
not
to
accompt
those
things
most
intolerably
bitter
,
which
we
suffer
by
chance
.
3.
Bias
,
when
the
Enemy
had
invaded
his
own
native
Co●ntrey
Priene
,
and
that
all
people
whom
the
ravage
of
War
suffered
to
get
safe
away
were
upon
their
flight
,
laden
with
the
weight
of
what
they
esteem'd
most
precious
,
being
asked
why
he
carried
away
nothing
of
his
own
Goods
?
I
,
said
he
,
carry
all
my
Goods
about
me
.
For
he
carried
them
in
his
Breast
,
not
upon
his
Shoulders
;
not
to
be
seen
by
the
Eye
,
but
to
be
prized
by
the
Minde
:
Which
being
preserv'd
in
the
little
Sanctuary
of
the
Minde
,
are
not
to
be
injur'd
by
the
hands
either
of
Gods
or
Mortals
:
and
as
they
are
always
at
hand
with
them
that
tarry
,
so
they
never
desert
them
that
flie
.
4.
Short
in
words
,
but
abounding
in
sence
was
the
Sentence
of
Plato
,
who
said
,
The
world
would
then
be
happy
,
when
wise
men
reigned
,
or
Kings
began
to
be
wise
.
5
Of
a
piercing
judgment
also
was
that
King
,
to
whom
,
as
they
report
,
when
the
Diadem
was
brought
,
before
he
put
it
upon
his
Head
,
he
held
it
in
his
hand
,
and
having
a
long
time
paus'd
upon
it
,
Oh
noble
rather
than
fortunate
Linnen
,
cryed
he
,
which
he
that
knew
with
what
cares
,
dangers
,
and
miseries
it
was
attended
,
would
not
take
it
up
from
the
ground
.
6.
How
much
to
be
applauded
was
the
answer
of
Xe●●crates
!
who
being
present
at
the
reviling
speeches
of
another
with
a
seal'd-up
silence
,
and
ask'd
why
he
curb'd
his
tongue
so
,
being
alone
,
made
answer
,
Because
he
had
once
repented
him
of
speaking
,
but
never
of
b●lding
his
tongue
.
7.
The
Precept
also
of
Aristophanes
is
more
exaltedly
prudent
,
who
in
one
of
his
Comedies
brings
in
Pericles
the
Athenian
sent
back
from
Hell
,
and
prophecying
that
a
Bear
was
not
to
be
cherish'd
in
the
City
.
Admonishing
,
that
the
active
Wits
of
noble
and
stirring
youth
ought
to
be
curb'd
:
but
being
red
with
over-much
savour
and
profuse
indulgence
,
let
them
not
be
hinder'd
from
gaining
the
Supreme
Power
.
For
it
is
a
vain
and
unprofitable
thing
to
resist
that
force
which
is
foster'd
by
thy self
.
8.
Wonderfully
Thales
;
who
being
asked
whether
the
deeds
of
men
escap'd
the
knowledg
of
the
Gods
;
Not
their
premeditated
acts
,
said
he
.
Intimating
,
that
we
ought
not
only
to
preserve
our
hands
clean
,
but
our
minds
pure
,
if
we
believe
our
thoughts
to
be
known
to
the
Gods
.
No
less
prudent
is
that
which
follows
;
The
Father
of
an
only
Child
consuited
Themistocles
,
whether
he
should
marry
her
to
a
poor
learned
Man
,
or
a
rich
Man
of
no
esteem
?
To
whom
,
I
had
rather
choose
a
man
,
said
he
,
wanting
Money
,
than
Money
wanting
a
Man
.
By
which
saying
he
admonish'd
a
fool
to
choose
a
Son-in-Law
,
before
the
Wealth
of
a
Son-in-Law
.
Much
to
be
applaud●d
was
that
Epistle
of
Philip
,
wherein
he
chides
Alexander
,
endeavouring
to
ingratiate
himself
with
large
gifts
into
the
hearts
of
some
of
the
Macedonians
:
What
reason
,
Son
,
perswaded
thee
to
this
vain
hope
,
That
thou
shouldst
think
those
persons
will
be
faithful
to
thee
,
whose
kindness
thou
art
forced
to
purchase
with
Money
?
Love
only
breeds
love
.
Yet
was
Philip
rather
a
Purc●aser
,
than
a
Victor
of
Greece
.
But
Aristotle
,
when
he
sent
his
Disciple
Callisthenes
to
Alexander
,
admonish'd
him
either
to
say
nothing
to
the
King
,
or
else
to
talk
pleasantly
.
But
he
for
reproving
him
,
because
he
prided
himself
to
hear
the
Macedons
salute
him
after
the
manner
of
Persian
flattery
,
and
for
that
he
sought
to
reclaim
him
against
his
will
,
to
the
an●ient
●us●omes
of
his
Forefathers
,
being
commanded
to
be
put
to
death
,
too
late
repented
his
neglect
of
the
wholesome
counsel
that
had
bin
given
him
.
Thus
Aristotle
taught
,
that
it
became
not
him
to
speak
either
way
of
himself
:
For
to
praise
himself
was
a
vanity
;
to
speak
ill
of
himself
,
a
folly
.
A
most
wholesome
Precept
was
it
of
his
likewise
.
That
we
should
consider
Pleasures
that
were
passing
off
.
Which
by
so
representing
he
diminish'd
;
for
so
he
exposed
them
fainting
and
full
of
repentance
,
which
render'd
them
the
less
desirable
.
9.
No
less
prudence
was
it
in
Anaxagoras
,
who
being
ask'd
whom
he
thought
the
happi●st
person
:
None
of
those
,
said
he
,
whom
thou
imagin'st
happy
;
but
thou
shalt
finde
him
among
the
number
of
those
whom
thou
accomptest
unfortunate
.
Not
the
person
that
abounds
in
Ri●●es
,
but
the
manurer
of
a
small
Farm
,
or
the
faithful
and
persevering
observer
of
unambitious
M●ximes
;
more
happy
in
retirement
than
in
outward
shew
.
10.
Wise
was
the
saying
of
Demas
also
.
For
the
Athenians
denying
to
attribute
divine
Honours
to
Alexander
;
Take
heed
,
said
he
,
lest
while
you
are
so
careful
to
keep
Heaven
,
you
loose
the
Earth
.
11.
How
subtily
did
Anacharsis
compare
the
Laws
to
Spiders
Webs
?
For
as
they
detain'd
the
weaker
Animals
,
and
let
go
the
stronger
so
the
other
bound
the
poor
and
needy
,
and
let
go
the
rich
and
potent
.
12.
Nothing
more
prudent
than
that
act
of
Agesilaus
:
For
having
discovered
a
Conspiracy
against
the
Lacedaemonians
by
night
,
he
presently
abrogated
the
Laws
of
Lycurgus
,
that
forbid
the
punishment
of
those
that
were
not
condemn'd
.
But
having
apprehended
and
put
to
death
the
Offenders
,
he
presently
restor'd
th●m
again
:
providing
both
ways
,
that
wholesome
punishment
should
not
be
thought
u●just
,
nor
be
prevented
by
Law
.
Therefore
that
th●y
might
be
always
,
it
was
necessary
,
that
for
some
time
they
should
not
he
.
13.
But
I
cannot
tell
whether
the
Counsel
of
Hanno
were
not
more
eminently
prudent
.
For
when
Mago
related
the
event
of
the
Battle
of
Cannae
to
the
Senate
of
Carthage
,
and
produced
three
Bushels
of
Gold
Rings
in
testimony
of
the
success
,
he
demanded
whether
any
of
their
Allies
had
revolted
from
the
Romans
after
so
great
a
defeat
?
When
he
heard
that
none
were
fallen
off
to
Hannibal
,
he
presently
advis'd
,
that
Embassad●urs
should
be
sent
to
Rome
to
treat
of
Peace
,
wh●●
Counsel
had
it
bin
follow'd
,
neither
had
Carthage
〈◊〉
overcome
in
the
Second
,
nor
ruin'd
in
the
Third
P●nic
War
.
14.
Neither
did
the
Samnites
pay
less
severely
for
the
same
Errour
,
when
they
neglected
the
wholesome
Counsel
of
Herennius
Pontius
;
who
excelling
the
rest
in
Authority
and
Prudence
,
being
consulted
by
the
Army
,
and
the
Commander
thereof
his
own
Son
,
what
they
should
do
with
the
Roman
Souldiers
taken
at
the
Caudine
Forks
,
answer'd
,
That
they
should
be
sent
home
untouch'd
.
The
next
day
being
asked
the
same
question
,
he
made
answer
,
That
they
should
be
all
destroy'd
:
Either
that
they
migh●
merit
the
good
will
of
an
Enemy
by
an
extraordinary
Benefit
,
or
impair
his
force
by
a
considerable
loss
.
But
the
improvident
rashness
of
the
Victors
,
despising
both
counsels
of
profit
and
advantage
,
by
putting
them
under
the
Yoak
,
incens'd
them
to
their
ruine
.
To
many
and
great
examples
of
Prudence
,
I
will
adde
one
small
one
:
The
Cr●tans
when
they
would
most
vehemently
curse
those
they
h●te
wish
they
may
take
pleas●re
in
an
ill
Costume
;
and
in
the
Modesty
of
their
Wish
,
finde
a
most
efficacious
event
of
their
revenge
:
For
to
desire
any
thing
in
vain
,
and
to
persevere
in
that
earnest
desire
,
is
a
pleasure
next
to
ruine
.
CHAP.
III
Of
things
craftily
spoken
or
done
.
Among
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
The
President
of
Diana
's
Temple
.
-
2.
L.
Junius
Brutus
.
-
3.
P.
Scipio
Africanus
the
Elder
.
-
4.
Q.
Fabius
Lubeo
.
-
5.
Antonius
the
Orator
.
-
6.
Q.
Sertorius
.
-
7.
Q.
Fabius
Maxitnus
Verrucossus
.
-
8.
M.
Volalius
Saturninus
Aedil
.
-
9.
Sentius
Saturninus
.
-
10.
A
certain
Father
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Alexander
the
Great
and
an
Ass-driver
.
-
2.
King
D●rius
's
Groom
.
-
3.
Bia●
of
Priene
.
-
4.
Anaxime●es
.
-
5.
Demo●henes
the
Orator
.
-
6.
A
certain
Athenian
.
-
7.
A●●●●bal
the
son
of
Gis●
go
the
Carthaginian
.
-
8.
A●●bal
the
son
of
Amil●●r
.
-
9.
The
Tusculans
.
-
10.
●●llius
Attius
Captain
of
the
Volsci
.
THere
is
another
sort
of
saying
and
doing
,
declining
from
Wisdome
to
the
name
of
●unning
:
which
would
not
meet
with
the
credit
of
what
it
propounded
,
did
it
not
assume
the
force
of
Craft
;
and
seeks
for
applause
rather
in
a
hidden
path
,
than
in
an
open
way
.
1.
In
the
reign
of
Servius
Tullius
,
a
certain
Landlord
in
the
Sabine
Territories
had
a
Cow
of
an
extraordinary
bigness
and
beauty
.
Which
certain
Authors
of
the
Oracles
said
was
sent
into
the
world
by
the
Immortal
Gods
,
to
the
end
that
whoever
offer'd
it
to
Diana
of
Aventinum
,
his
Countrey
should
obtain
the
Empire
over
the
whole
World
.
The
Master
rejoycing
to
hear
such
tydings
,
drave
the
beast
with
all
speed
,
and
presented
it
before
the
Altar
of
Diana
in
Aventinum
,
desirous
to
give
the
Honour
of
Supreme
Empire
to
the
Sabines
.
Of
which
the
President
of
the
Temple
having
notice
,
put
it
into
the
Owner's
head
,
that
before
he
slew
the
Sacrifice
,
he
should
wash
himself
in
the
water
of
the
next
River
:
who
for
that
reason
hastening
to
Tybur
,
while
he
was
gone
,
the
chief
Priest
offer'd
the
beast
,
and
by
a
pious
theft
of
the
Sacrifice
,
rend●r'd
our
City
the
Mistress
of
so
many
Cities
and
Nation
.
2.
For
which
sharpness
of
Wit
,
Junius
Brutus
is
in
the
first
place
to
be
commended
.
For
when
he
found
all
the
Promising
Nobility
to
be
cut
off
by
King
Tarquinius
his
Uncle
,
and
that
his
Brother
was
by
him
put
to
death
,
because
of
the
forwardness
of
his
Wit
,
counterfeited
himself
to
be
a
Fool
;
and
by
that
fallacy
conceal'd
his
own
vast
parts
.
Going
also
to
the
Oracle
of
Delphos
with
the
Sons
of
Tarquin
,
whom
their
Father
sent
thither
with
rich
Presents
and
Sacrifices
in
honour
of
Pythian
Apollo
,
he
carri'd
Gold
as
a
Present
to
the
Deity
,
hid
in
a
hollow
stick
;
fearing
that
it
was
not
safe
to
worship
the
Celestial
Deity
with
an
open
Liberality
.
After
that
,
the
Young-men
,
having
performed
their
Father
,
s
commands
,
consulted
Apollo
,
which
among
them
all
should
be
the
person
that
should
reign
in
Rome
.
The
God
made
answer
,
That
he
should
obtain
the
Soveroignty
,
that
gave
his
Mother
the
first
kiss
.
Then
Brutus
threw
himself
so
down
,
as
if
he
had
fallen
by
chance
,
and
kiss'd
the
Earth
,
the
common
Mother
of
all
things
.
Which
crafty
Riss
given
to
the
Earth
,
gave
Liberty
to
our
City
,
and
the
first
place
in
our
Annals
to
Brutus
.
3.
Scipio
also
the
Elder
embrac'd
the
aid
of
Craft
,
For
as
he
was
to
say
from
Sicily
into
Africa
,
finding
it
necessary
to
compleat
a
Body
of
Three
Hundred
Horse
out
of
the
stoutest
of
the
Roman
Foot
;
though
he
had
not
time
to
exercise
them
,
what
the
streitness
of
Time
denied
him
,
he
attained
by
the
Sagacity
of
his
Counsel
.
For
of
all
the
young
Gentlemen
,
which
were
the
noblest
and
the
richest
,
that
he
carried
with
him
out
of
Sicily
unarm'd
,
he
choose
out
Three
Hundred
,
whom
he
order'd
to
furnish
themselves
with
gay
Weapons
and
select
Horses
,
as
if
he
intended
to
carry
them
along
with
him
to
the
storming
of
Carthage
.
Who
obeying
his
command
,
as
well
in
reference
to
the
speed
,
as
in
respect
of
a
far
distant
and
dangerous
War
,
Scipio
told
them
,
he
would
release
them
from
the
Expedition
,
upon
condition
they
would
deliver
up
their
Weapons
and
Horses
to
his
Souldiers
.
The
Young-men
effeminate
and
fearful
,
greedily
accepted
the
Condition
,
and
willingly
deliver'd
up
their
preparations
to
our
Souldiers
.
Whereby
the
Subtilety
of
the
Captain
provided
,
that
what
was
out
of
hand
commanded
,
though
severe
at
first
,
should
be
lookt
upon
as
a
greater
benefit
,
the
sear
of
service
being
remitted
.
4.
That
which
follows
is
also
to
be
related
.
Q.
Fabius
Lubeo
being
by
the
Senate
appointed
an
Arbitrator
to
settle
the
Bounds
between
the
Nolans
and
the
Neapolitans
,
when
they
came
to
the
business
,
admonish'd
both
apart
,
that
laying
aside
all
Covetousness
,
they
should
rather
abate
,
than
pretend
to
too
much
.
Which
when
both
sides
had
contented
to
,
mov'd
thereto
by
the
authority
of
the
person
,
there
was
some
ground
left
.
Thereupon
the
Bounds
being
set
as
they
had
agreed
to
,
that
which
was
left
he
adjudged
to
the
People
of
Rome
.
But
though
neither
the
Nolans
nor
Neapolitans
could
in
Justice
complain
,
Sentence
king
given
by
their
own
consent
;
yet
by
a
new
kind
of
mental
reservation
,
it
brought
a
new
Tribute
to
our
City
.
The
same
person
,
being
according
to
Articles
to
have
half
the
Navy
of
King
Antiochus
,
whom
he
had
overthrown
in
Battle
,
cut
all
the
Ships
in
two
,
and
so
depriv'd
him
of
his
whole
Navy
.
5.
Now
are
we
to
excuse
Marcus
Antonius
,
who
said
,
That
he
never
publish'd
any
Oration
,
to
the
end
that
if
any
Judgment
of
his
formerly
given
should
chance
to
hinder
him
that
he
should
next
defend
,
he
might
aver
that
he
never
spake
it
.
Which
seem'd
a
reasonable
excuse
for
a
fact
hardly
allowable
.
For
he
was
still
ready
not
only
to
make
use
of
his
Eloquence
,
but
to
injure
his
Modesty
to
save
his
Client
.
6.
But
Sertorius
,
upon
whom
Nature
had
with
an
equal
indulgence
bestow'd
both
strength
of
Body
,
and
sagacity
in
Counsel
,
being
compell'd
to
be
Captain
of
the
Lusitanians
by
the
proscription
of
Sylla
,
when
he
could
by
no
means
perswade
them
but
that
they
would
fight
with
the
whole
Army
of
the
Romans
,
by
his
crafty
Counsel
brought
them
to
do
as
he
intended
.
For
he
placed
in
the
sight
of
all
the
Lusitanians
two
Horses
▪
one
a
stout
beast
,
the
other
weak
and
infirm
.
After
that
he
caus'd
the
Tail
of
the
strong
Horse
so
be
pull'd
hair
by
hair
from
him
,
by
a
weak
old
man
;
and
the
Tail
of
the
weak
Horse
to
be
torn
all
at
once
from
him
▪
by
a
young
fellow
of
an
egregious
strength
.
His
commands
were
obey'd
.
But
while
the
Young-man
toyl'd
himself
in
vain
,
the
decrepit
old-man
did
his
business
.
Then
to
let
the
Barbarous
Assembly
understand
the
meaning
of
his
project
,
he
added
,
That
the
Roman
Army
was
like
the
tail
of
the
Horse
,
which
might
be
easily
overcome
in
parts
;
but
that
whoever
assail'd
the
body
entire
,
should
sooner
loose
than
gain
the
Victory
.
Thus
the
Barbarous
rough-hewn
Nation
,
rushing
on
to
their
own
destruction
,
saw
with
their
Eyes
the
advantages
which
their
Ears
had
refus'd
.
7.
Fabius
Maximus
,
whose
business
it
was
to
overcome
by
abstaining
from
fight
,
having
in
his
Camp
a
Nolan
Footman
of
prodigious
strength
,
yet
suspected
for
his
Fideliry
,
and
a
Lucan
Horseman
of
equal
stoutness
,
both
captivated
with
the
same
Curtezan
;
to
the
end
he
might
not
loose
the
advantage
of
two
such
Souldiers
,
dissembled
his
suspicion
to
the
one
,
and
as
to
the
other
he
somewhat
surpassed
the
bounds
of
true
Discipline
.
For
by
praising
the
one
in
the
publick
Tribunal
,
and
loading
him
with
all
manner
of
commendations
,
he
made
him
constant
to
the
Romans
,
and
an
enemy
to
the
Corthaginians
;
and
the
other
he
suffer'd
to
redeem
his
Mistreiss
privately
,
that
he
might
become
an
exact
Spy
for
our
side
.
8.
I
will
come
now
to
those
that
saved
themselves
by
Craft
.
M.
Volusius
a
banish'd
Aedile
of
the
People
,
disguising
himself
in
the
habit
of
a
Priest
of
Isis
,
while
he
begg'd
as
he
travelled
upon
the
Road
,
kept
himself
from
being
known
who
he
was
.
And
in
this
disguise
he
came
to
the
Camp
of
M.
Brutus
.
What
more
miserable
than
Necessity
,
which
constrain'd
a
Magistrate
of
the
People
of
Rome
,
laying
aside
his
Robes
of
Honour
,
under
the
disguise
of
a
forraign
Religion
,
to
beg
from
Town
to
Town
?
But
all
these
were
either
too
desirous
of
Life
,
or
too
covetous
of
the
Death
of
others
,
who
could
either
endure
such
things
themselves
,
or
compell'd
others
to
undergo
such
difficulties
.
9.
Something
more
noble
was
that
shift
,
at
a
dead
lift
,
of
Sentius
Saturninus
Vetulio
,
who
hearing
his
name
among
those
that
were
proscrib'd
by
the
Triumvirs
,
presently
laid
hold
upon
the
Ensigns
of
Authority
born
before
the
Praetor
,
and
pretending
himself
a
publick
Lictor
,
or
Serjeant
,
he
did
it
with
that
confidence
,
that
in
the
midst
of
all
his
enemies
,
he
hid
himself
from
their
sight
in
the
midst
of
day
light
.
After
that
coming
to
Puteoli
,
and
pretending
himself
in
publick
employment
,
he
so
carried
himself
,
that
he
commanded
a
Vessel
to
carry
him
without
controul
into
Sicily
,
the
safe
refuge
of
the
proscrib'd
Party
at
that
time
.
10.
One
more
slight
Example
,
and
then
to
Forraigners
.
A
certain
person
,
extraordinarily
indulgent
to
his
Son
,
being
desirous
to
retrieve
him
from
a
dangerous
and
unlawful
Amour
,
intermix'd
his
paternal
Indulgence
with
the
craft
of
wholesome
Counsel
.
For
he
desir'd
him
before
he
went
to
his
Mistress
,
to
make
use
of
that
sort
of
Venery
which
was
common
and
permitted
.
Whereupon
the
Youngman
,
listening
to
his
Fathers
entreaties
,
finding
himself
satiated
by
a
lawful
act
,
ceas'd
to
prosecute
any
farther
his
unlawful
heat
of
concupiscence
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
Alexander
King
of
the
Macedonians
,
admonish'd
by
the
Oracle
that
he
should
put
to
death
whoever
he
met
first
coming
out
of
the
Gate
,
met
a
Driver
of
Asses
,
whom
he
commanded
to
be
presently
carried
to
execution
.
The
Ase-driver
thereupon
besought
him
,
wherefore
he
went
about
to
put
an
innocent
person
to
death
,
that
had
done
him
no
offence
?
To
whom
when
the
King
repeated
the
command
of
the
Oracle
;
If
it
be
so
,
O
King
,
said
the
Ass-driver
,
the
Oracle
assign'd
another
to
dye
,
and
not
me
:
For
the
Ass
that
I
drove
met
thee
before
I
did
.
A●exander
pleas'd
with
the
crafty
Repartie
of
the
poor
fellow
,
and
willing
to
be
reclaimed
from
his
errour
,
took
an
occasion
to
satisfie
Religion
with
the
death
of
the
meaner
Animal
.
Here
was
an
extraordinary
mildness
joyned
with
subtilty
;
but
a
more
extraordinary
subtilty
in
the
other
Kings
Groom
,
is
this
which
follows
.
2.
For
the
fordid
dominion
of
the
Magi
being
overthrown
,
Darius
the
King
,
joyning
with
others
of
the
same
Dignity
,
made
a
noble
contract
with
them
,
that
they
should
be
on
Horseback
by
Sun-rising
so
ride
to
such
a
place
,
and
that
he
should
enjoy
the
Kingdome
whose
Horse
first
neigh'd
.
But
while
the
Competitors
for
so
great
an
honour
only
waited
upon
Fortune
,
Darius
by
the
pure
invention
of
Ebar
the
Master
of
his
Horse
,
attain'd
his
wish
:
For
he
coming
to
the
place
,
put
his
hand
which
he
had
but
a
little
before
thrust
into
the
privy
parts
of
a
Mare
,
to
the
Nostrils
of
his
Masters
Horse
;
who
provok'd
by
the
Scent
,
immediately
neighed
.
Which
the
rest
of
the
Competitors
no
sooner
heard
,
but
immediately
throwing
themselves
from
their
horses
,
and
prostrating
themselve
?
upon
the
ground
(
as
is
the
manner
of
the
Persians
)
they
saluted
Darius
King
.
How
vast
an
Empire
was
thus
obtain'd
by
so
slight
a
piece
of
Cunning
!
3.
Bias
,
whose
wisdome
has
bin
more
durable
among
men
,
than
his
Countrey
of
Pri●ne
,
(
for
the
one
hill
remains
,
but
the
footsteps
of
the
other
are
hardly
now
to
be
seen
)
was
wont
to
say
,
That
men
ought
so
to
converse
in
point
of
Friendship
,
as
to
remember
,
that
it
might
change
into
the
severest
Animosity
.
Which
Precept
at
first
sight
seems
to
be
a
piece
of
craft
,
and
not
congruous
to
reality
,
which
is
the
delight
of
familiarity
:
But
look
upon
it
with
a
more
intent
consideration
,
and
it
will
be
found
very
profitable
.
4.
The
saf●ty
of
the
City
of
Lampsacum
consisted
by
one
ad
of
Subtlety
:
For
when
Alexander
threatned
nothing
but
the
destruction
of
i●
,
and
saw
his
Master
Anaximenes
coming
towards
him
without
the
Walls
;
for
●ear
his
prayers
should
asswage
his
anger
,
he
swore
not
to
grant
whatever
he
petition'd
for
.
Then
said
Anaximenes
,
My
Petition
is
,
that
thou
wouldst
destroy
Lampsacum
.
This
quick
reply
saved
a
City
,
famous
for
its
Antiquity
,
from
the
ruine
to
which
it
was
destin'd
.
5.
The
Cunning
of
Demosthenes
was
also
a
notable
help
to
a
young
Maid
,
who
had
received
Money
to
keep
from
two
Gu●sts
,
upon
that
condition
,
that
she
should
restore
the
Money
when
they
came
both
together
.
After
some
time
,
one
of
them
in
a
Mourning
Habit
,
as
if
his
Friend
had
bin
dead
,
comes
and
receives
the
whole
Money
:
Which
when
she
had
paid
,
the
other
comes
and
demands
his
share
.
The
poor
Maid
was
at
a
loss
,
as
well
for
the
Money
,
as
for
Money
to
defend
the
Suit
;
and
thought
of
nothing
but
hanging
hers●lf
.
But
opportunely
Demosthenes
undertaking
her
Cause
,
The
woman
,
said
he
,
is
ready
to
pay
the
Money
d●p
sited
in
her
custody
;
but
't
is
not
for
her
to
do
it
by
the
contract
.
For
it
wa●
agreed
between
ye
,
that
the
Money
sh●uld
not
be
paid
,
till
both
came
together
.
6.
Nor
was
this
imprudently
acted
.
A
certain
Athenian
,
hated
by
all
the
people
,
being
to
plead
for
his
Life
before
them
,
upon
a
suddain
began
to
demand
the
greatest
employment
of
the
Magistracy
among
them
.
Not
that
he
thought
to
obtain
his
desire
;
but
that
the
People
might
have
wherewithal
to
blunt
the
edge
of
their
first
Anger
,
which
is
usually
the
sharpest
.
Nor
did
his
Policy
deceive
him
:
for
when
the
People
had
spent
their
malice
in
hissing
him
out
the
Assembly
,
and
had
disgrac'd
him
by
laying
him
aside
,
when
he
came
to
plead
for
his
Life
,
their
malice
turn'd
into
compassion
,
as
if
they
had
done
enough
against
him
before
.
For
if
he
had
ventur'd
his
life
among
them
while
they
were
thirsting
after
Revenge
,
he
had
found
their
Ears
stopp'd
against
all
Mercy
.
7.
Like
to
this
was
the
following
piece
of
Cunning
.
The
Elder
Hannibal
being
overthrown
by
Duilius
in
a
Sea-fight
,
and
fearing
the
lots
of
his
Head
for
the
loss
of
his
Fleet
,
by
an
admirable
act
of
Subtilty
mitigated
his
crime
:
For
before
the
news
of
his
Overthrow
got
home
,
he
sends
one
of
his
Friends
to
Carthage
in
a
gentile
Habit.
Who
coming
into
the
Senate-House
;
Hannibal
,
said
he
,
has
sent
me
to
advise
with
you
,
Whether
,
if
he
meet
the
Roman
Admiral
and
finde
him
too
numerous
,
he
shall
fight
or
no
?
When
the
whole
Senate
were
unanimously
for
fighting
;
Then
,
said
he
,
he
has
fought
,
and
is
overcome
.
And
then
it
was
too
late
to
condemn
the
fact
,
which
they
themselves
had
approv'd
.
8.
The
other
Hannibal
finding
Fabius
Maximus's
delay
so
prejudicial
to
his
Victories
,
to
render
him
suspected
of
spinning
out
the
War
,
while
he
wasted
all
other
parts
of
Italy
with
Fire
and
Sword
,
he
only
spar'd
his
Farm
.
And
the
crafty
act
of
kindness
had
taken
effect
,
had
not
the
piety
of
Fabius
and
the
wily
tricks
of
Hannibal
bin
too
well
known
to
the
City
of
Rome
.
9.
The
Tusculans
also
sav'd
themselves
by
the
acuteness
of
their
Councils
.
For
when
by
their
frequent
Rebellions
they
merited
the
total
destruction
of
their
City
,
and
that
Furius
Camillus
was
sent
for
the
same
purpose
with
a
very
powerful
Army
,
they
all
came
forth
to
meet
him
in
their
Gowns
,
bringing
him
provisions
,
and
offering
him
all
other
as
at
Peace
and
Friendship
,
while
their
Shops
were
open
as
at
other
times
.
By
which
Constancy
of
theirs
,
they
not
only
obtain'd
our
Friendship
,
but
became
also
incorporated
with
our
City
.
10.
But
wicked
was
the
counsel
of
Tullus
,
Captain
of
the
Volsci
;
who
being
eager
to
make
War
upon
the
Romans
,
finding
after
the
loss
of
several
Battles
,
that
his
own
People
began
to
encline
to
Peace
;
by
a
subtile
way
of
reasoning
,
made
'em
do
what
he
pleased
.
For
it
happening
that
a
great
multitude
of
the
Volsci
went
to
Rome
to
behold
the
Publick
Shews
,
he
told
the
Consuls
,
he
was
afraid
they
would
contrive
some
mischief
,
being
so
numerous
;
advis'd
them
to
be
careful
,
and
presently
left
the
City
himself
.
This
the
Consuls
related
to
the
Senate
,
who
though
they
knew
no
reason
for
it
,
yet
upon
Tullus's
.
words
,
voted
the
Volsci
to
depart
the
City
.
By
which
contempt
the
Volsci
incensed
,
were
easily
induced
to
Rebellion
.
Thus
with
a
Lye
,
mask'd
in
Kindness
,
did
a
cunning
Captain
deceive
two
Nations
:
The
Romans
being
moved
to
abuse
the
Innocent
,
and
the
deceived
Volsci
to
revenge
the
injury
.
CHAP.
IV.
Of
Stratagems
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Tullus
Hostilius
King
.
-
2
Sext.
Tarquiniu●
-
3.
The
besieged
in
the
Capitol
.
-
4.
M.
Livius
and
C.
Claudius
,
Consuls
.
-
5.
Q.
Metellus
sirnamed
the
Macedonian
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Agathocles
King
of
Syracuse
.
-
2.
Hannibal
.
BUt
this
part
of
Subtilty
is
to
be
applauded
,
as
being
free
from
all
reproof
:
the
acts
whereof
because
we
have
no
word
to
express
,
we
are
forced
to
borrow
the
word
Stratagem
from
the
Greek
.
1.
Fidene
,
a
City
that
kept
the
growing
infancy
of
our
City
waking
,
and
nourishing
her
Vertue
with
neighbouring
Trophies
and
Triumphs
,
taught
her
to
aspire
farther
,
was
assail'd
by
Tullus
Hostilius
all
his
forces
At
that
time
Metius
Suffetius
,
in
the
field
,
when
the
Battles
were
ready
to
joyn
,
discover'd
the
falsity
of
his
heart
,
which
he
had
a
long
time
kept
conceal'd
.
For
leaving
the
wing
of
the
Roman
Army
,
he
drew
Off
to
a
Hill
,
where
he
resolv'd
to
be
a
Spectator
rather
than
an
Assistant
;
intending
either
to
triumph
over
the
vanquish'd
,
or
to
fall
upon
the
weary
Victors
.
No
question
but
it
discourag'd
our
Souldiers
to
see
themselves
forsaken
by
their
Allies
,
at
the
very
time
when
they
were
going
to
fight
their
Enemies
.
To
prevent
which
,
Tullus
riding
swiftly
about
the
Battalions
,
cryed
out
,
That
Metius
had
drawn
off
by
his
command
,
and
that
he
was
to
fall
upon
the
back
of
the
Fidenates
when
he
gave
the
signe
.
And
by
that
cunning
of
an
expert
General
,
he
chang'd
their
Fear
into
Confidence
,
and
fill'd
their
breasts
with
Chearfulness
instead
of
Consternation
.
2.
And
that
I
may
not
presently
leave
our
Kings
;
Sextus
Tarquinius
,
the
Son
of
Tarquinius
,
fretting
to
see
that
the
Gabii
could
not
be
taken
by
his
Father's
Army
,
found
out
a
trick
more
powerful
than
Weapons
themselves
,
whereby
he
over-reach'd
the
Town
,
and
joyn'd
it
to
the
Roman
Empire
.
For
he
betook
himself
to
the
Gabii
,
counterfeiting
himself
to
be
fled
from
his
Fathers
stripes
and
severity
.
After
that
procuring
the
good
will
of
every
one
by
his
kind
and
winning
behaviour
,
when
he
had
won
that
,
he
sent
his
Servant
to
his
Father
,
to
tell
him
how
he
had
every
thing
in
his
hands
,
and
to
desire
him
to
know
what
he
should
do
.
The
old
mans
Craft
was
answerable
to
the
youngs
mans
subtilty
.
For
Tarquin
pleased
with
the
news
,
yet
not
confiding
in
the
Messe●ger
,
return'd
no
answer
,
but
carrying
him
into
the
Garden
,
strook
of
the
heads
of
the
highest
and
biggest
Poppies
with
his
Cane
.
The
young
man
understanding
his
silence
,
and
what
he
had
done
,
concluded
there
was
another
meaning
in
the
thing
:
which
was
,
that
he
should
either
banish
or
put
to
death
all
the
Chief
Heads
of
the
Gabii
.
Whereby
he
deliveir'd
up
the
City
empty
of
defenders
,
and
yet
the
peoples
;
hands
were
not
tyed
.
3.
Prudently
also
and
prosperously
was
it
provided
by
our
Ancestors
,
when
our
City
being
taken
,
the
Capitol
was
besieg'd
by
the
Gauls
,
who
despair'd
of
taking
it
any
other
way
than
by
famishing
the
besieg'd
.
For
by
how
cunning
an
act
of
deliberation
did
they
deprive
the
Victors
of
their
only
motive
to
that
obstinacy
,
by
casting
Loaves
of
Bread
out
of
the
Capitol
into
several
parts
of
the
Besieger-Line
!
At
which
sight
they
were
so
amaz'd
,
and
thought
us
to
be
so
well
stor'd
,
that
they
were
constrain'd
to
raise
their
Siege
.
Certainly
Jupiter
himself
took
compassion
of
the
Roman
Courage
,
which
then
borrow'd
assistance
from
Craft
;
seeing
them
in
the
height
of
want
,
to
waste
the
support
of
Life
:
And
therefore
he
prosper'd
the
cunning
Stratagem
with
a
prosperous
event
.
4.
The
same
Jupiter
afterwards
became
propitious
to
the
crafty
Councils
of
our
Captains
.
For
when
Hannibal
●●●●assed
one
side
of
Italy
and
Asdrubal
had
invaded
the
other
;
that
the
conjoyn'd
forces
of
two
Brothers
might
not
too
heavily
and
sorely
oppress
the
already-too-weak
condition
of
our
affairs
,
here
Claudius
Nero
supply'd
his
vigorous
Counsel
,
there
Livius
Salinator
providently
provided
.
For
Nero
curbing
Hannibal
in
the
Province
of
the
Lucans
,
making
a
shew
of
still
attending
the
Enemy
(
for
so
the
reason
of
War
requir'd
)
with
long
and
speedy
marches
hastens
to
the
assistance
of
his
Colleague
.
Salinator
being
then
in
Vmbria
by
the
River
Metaurus
,
and
resolved
to
fight
the
next
day
,
with
an
extraordinary
Policy
received
Nero
by
night
.
For
he
order'd
the
Tribunes
to
be
receiv'd
by
the
Tribunes
,
the
Centurions
by
the
Centurions
,
the
Horsemen
by
the
Horsemen
,
the
Foot
by
the
Footmen
;
and
so
without
any
tumult
,
he
ingrafted
two
Armies
into
one
,
in
the
same
ground
that
was
hardly
able
to
contain
that
which
he
had
before
.
Whereby
it
hapned
that
Asdrubal
knew
not
that
he
fought
with
two
Consuls
,
before
he
was
by
both
overthrown
.
And
thus
was
the
Punic
faith
,
so
infamous
over
all
the
world
,
deluded
at
its
own
Weapon
:
while
the
Roman
Prudence
deliver'd
up
Hannibal
to
the
Wiles
of
Nero
,
Asdrubal
to
the
Deceit
of
Salinator
.
5.
Memorable
also
was
the
Counsel
of
Q.
Metellus
,
who
together
with
the
Proconsul
warring
against
the
Celtiberians
in
Spain
,
and
finding
himself
too
weak
to
force
Contrebia
the
Metropolis
of
that
Countrey
,
revolving
many
thoughts
in
his
minde
,
at
length
he
found
a
way
to
bring
his
business
to
perfection
.
He
made
tedious
marches
,
sometimes
he
fell
upon
this
Province
,
sometimes
upon
another
;
sometimes
he
assail'd
these
Passages
of
the
Mountains
,
and
sometimes
others
:
and
all
this
while
,
as
well
his
own
Officers
,
as
the
Enemy
,
were
amazed
to
see
him
whirl
from
one
place
to
another
in
that
manner
.
For
which
reason
being
ask'd
by
one
of
his
intimate
friends
,
why
he
made
such
a
loose
and
scatter'd
kind
of
War
?
Forbear
to
enquire
,
said
he
:
for
if
I
thought
my
shirt
knew
the
meaning
of
this
designe
of
mine
,
I
would
cause
it
to
be
burnt
.
How
far
did
this
dissimulation
extend
?
Or
what
was
the
issue
of
it
?
But
when
he
had
involv'd
both
his
own
Army
and
the
Enemy
in
the
same
errour
,
faining
to
march
another
way
,
he
suddainly
turn'd
back
upon
Contrebia
,
and
so
surpriz'd
it
unawares
.
So
that
if
he
had
not
suffer'd
his
thoughts
to
search
after
Wiles
and
Stratagems
,
he
might
have
lain
before
Contrebia
all
the
days
of
his
life
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
Agathocles
,
King
of
the
Syracusans
,
was
boldly
cunning
:
For
when
the
Carthaginians
had
possess'd
the
greatest
part
of
his
City
,
he
transported
his
Army
into
Africa
,
to
dispel
fear
by
fear
,
and
force
by
force
;
and
not
without
success
.
For
the
Carthaginians
affrighted
at
his
suddain
coming
,
willingly
redeem'd
their
own
security
by
the
safety
of
the
enemy
;
So
that
it
was
agreed
,
that
at
the
same
time
Africa
should
be
freed
from
the
Sicilians
,
and
Sicily
from
the
Carthaginians
.
For
had
he
persever'd
to
preserve
the
Walls
of
Syracuse
,
they
had
been
still
vex'd
with
the
miseries
of
War
,
while
Carthage
had
enjoyned
the
benefits
of
Peace
.
But
now
threatning
her
with
the
same
ruine
,
while
he
rather
invades
the
wealth
and
fortunes
of
others
,
than
defends
his
own
;
the
more
justly
he
deserted
his
Kingdom
,
the
more
safely
he
receiv'd
it
again
.
2.
What
did
Hannibal
at
the
Battle
of
Cannae
?
Had
he
not
ensnar'd
the
Roman
Army
in
many
intanglements
of
subtle
Stratagem
,
before
he
went
to
fight
?
In
the
first
place
he
took
care
to
get
the
Sun
and
Wind
,
and
so
to
secure
hims●lf
from
the
flying
of
the
Dust
.
Then
in
the
very
time
of
fight
,
he
caus'd
great
part
of
his
Army
to
counterfeit
a
flight
;
which
when
the
Roman
Legion
follow'd
,
as
it
was
divided
from
the
rest
of
the
Army
,
he
provided
that
they
should
be
cut
to
pieces
by
the
Ambush
which
he
had
laid
to
entrap
them
.
Then
he
order'd
four
hundred
Horse
to
go
to
the
Consul
like
Revolters
;
who
being
commanded
to
lay
aside
their
Weapons
,
and
to
retire
into
the
Rear
of
the
Army
,
in
the
heat
of
the
Fight
,
drawing
their
Swords
,
which
they
privately
conceal'd
between
their
Vests
and
Armour
,
cut
the
Hams
of
the
engaged
Romans
.
Thus
was
the
Punic
Fortitude
furnish'd
with
Deceit
,
Ambushment
,
and
Fallacy
.
Which
excuses
our
Courage
for
being
so
circumvented
:
Since
we
were
rather
deceiv'd
,
then
overcome
.
CHAP.
V.
Of
Repulses
.
-
1.
Aelius
Tubero
.
-
2.
Scipio
Nasica
.
-
3.
Aemilius
Paulus
.
-
4.
Metellus
the
Macedonian
.
-
5.
Cornelius
Sylla
.
-
6.
Cato
of
Utica
.
THe
Condition
of
the
Field
of
Mars
well
represented
,
may
also
instruct
the
ambitious
more
strenuously
to
sustain
the
less
prosperous
events
of
the
Elections
.
While
the
repulses
of
eminent
and
famous
men
being
set
before
their
eyes
,
they
may
stand
for
honour
not
with
less
hope
than
judicious
ones
of
mind
;
and
may
remember
,
that
it
is
no
crime
for
something
to
be
deny'd
by
all
to
one
man
,
when
sometimes
single
persons
have
thought
it
lawful
to
resist
the
wills
of
all
.
Knowing
that
what
cannot
be
obtained
by
Favour
,
must
be
sought
by
Patience
.
1.
Q.
Aelius
Tubero
being
desired
to
spread
the
Dining-Chamber
by
Fabius
Maximus
,
who
was
to
feast
the
people
in
the
name
of
P.
Africanus
his
Uncle
,
spread
the
Punic
Beds
with
the
Skins
of
K●ds
;
and
instead
of
Silver
Dishes
,
brought
forth
Samian
.
By
which
uns●emliness
he
so
offended
all
the
company
,
that
when
he
stood
for
Praetor
,
depending
upon
L.
Paulus
his
Grandfather
,
and
P.
Africanus
his
Uncle
,
he
was
forc'd
to
suffer
the
shame
of
a
repulse
.
For
though
privately
they
approved
thriftiness
,
yet
publickly
they
were
very
curious
to
be
splendid
.
And
therefore
the
City
▪
not
believing
the
Guests
of
one
Banquet
,
but
that
all
her
Inhabitants
had
layn
upon
Goat-skins
,
reveng'd
the
discredit
of
the
Banquet
,
by
the
shame
of
not
giving
him
their
voices
.
Pub.
Scipio
Nasica
,
the
glory
of
the
Gown
,
who
being
Consul
pronounced
War
against
Jugurth
,
whose
holy
hands
receiv'd
the
Idaean
Ma●ron
,
leaving
Phrygia
to
grace
our
Altars
and
our
Habitations
;
who
by
the
strength
of
his
authority
suppress'd
many
fatal
Seditions
;
who
was
Prince
of
the
Senate
for
many
years
:
when
he
was
a
young
man
,
and
stood
to
be
the
Aedil
in
the
Running-chair
,
took
a
certain
person
by
the
hand
,
whom
he
grasp'd
with
his
own
,
and
finding
his
friends
hand
to
be
hard'ned
with
labour
,
he
asked
him
,
whether
he
us'd
to
walk
upon
his
hands
.
Which
question
being
heard
by
the
standers
by
,
came
to
be
in
the
mouths
of
all
the
People
,
and
occasion'd
Scipio
to
be
repuls'd
.
For
all
the
People
thinking
he
had
upbraided
them
with
the
poverty
of
the
Rustick
Tribe
,
discharg'd
their
anger
upon
his
contumelious
Jeast
.
Thus
our
City
,
by
recalling
the
Wits
of
the
Noble
Youth
from
Insolence
,
made
many
and
profitable
Citizens
;
and
added
the
due
weight
to
honour
,
not
suffering
them
to
be
sought
for
by
those
that
were
secure
of
them
beforehand
.
3.
There
was
no
such
Errour
to
be
found
in
Aemilius
Paulus
;
and
yet
sometimes
he
stood
for
the
Consulship
in
vain
.
However
,
the
same
person
,
when
he
had
wearied
the
field
with
his
repulses
,
being
afterwards
made
twice
Consul
and
Censor
,
arriv'd
to
the
highest
degree
of
Honour
.
Whose
Vertue
injuries
did
not
break
,
but
sharpen
;
for
being
incens'd
at
the
dishonour
,
he
carried
to
the
field
a
more
eager
desire
of
the
Supreme
Dignity
,
that
he
might
overcome
the
People
by
his
perseverance
,
since
he
could
not
stir
them
by
the
splendour
of
his
Nobility
,
and
the
endowments
of
his
Minde
.
4.
Only
a
●●w
,
and
those
disconsolate
Friends
,
accompanied
Quint.
Caecilius
home
,
asham'd
and
full
of
grie●
,
whom
afterwards
the
whole
Senate
and
People
follow'd
brisk
and
jovial
to
the
Capitol
,
having
triumph'd
over
the
false
Philip.
The
greatest
part
also
of
the
Achaean
War
,
to
which
Mummius
lent
his
helping
hand
,
was
compleated
by
this
person
.
Could
the
people
then
deny
the
Consulship
to
him
,
to
whom
they
owed
,
or
were
likely
to
owe
two
most
famous
Provinces
?
And
yet
that
act
made
him
a
better
Citizen
;
for
he
thought
he
was
to
carry
himself
the
more
industriously
in
that
Consulship
which
he
found
so
hard
to
be
obtain'd
.
5.
Who
more
powerful
,
who
more
opulent
than
L.
Sylla
?
he
dispos'd
of
Empires
and
Kingdomes
;
he
abrogated
old
Laws
,
and
made
new
;
and
yet
in
that
field
of
which
he
was
afterwards
Master
,
he
lost
the
Praetorship
which
he
stood
for
.
6.
But
to
relate
the
greatest
crime
of
the
Elections
,
M.
Portius
Cato
,
who
was
more
likely
to
grace
the
Praetorship
with
the
gravity
of
his
manners
,
than
to
receive
addition
of
splendour
from
it
,
could
not
once
obtain
it
at
the
peoples
hands
.
Voices
of
Madmen
,
how
well
were
they
paid
for
the
errour
they
committed
!
For
the
honour
which
they
denied
to
Cato
,
they
were
forced
to
give
to
Vatinius
.
And
therefore
to
speak
the
truth
,
the
Praetorship
was
not
then
denied
to
Cato
,
but
Cato
was
denied
to
the
Praetorship
.
CHAP.
VI.
Of
Necessity
.
-
1.
The
People
of
Rome
after
the
overthrow
at
Cannae
.
-
2.
The
Casilinates
in
their
Siege
.
-
3.
The
Praenestines
besieged
.
-
4.
The
People
of
Rome
in
the
Wars
of
Marius
.
-
5.
C.
Caesar
at
Munda
.
-
6.
The
Asiaticks
in
the
Parthian
War
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
The
Cretans
besieged
by
Q.
Metellus
.
-
2.
The
Numantines
besieged
by
P.
Scipio
.
-
3.
The
Calaguritans
.
MOst
bitter
are
the
Laws
of
abominable
Necessity
,
and
most
severe
her
Commands
,
which
have
compell'd
not
only
our
City
,
but
also
forraign
Nations
to
suffer
many
things
grievous
,
not
only
to
the
understanding
,
but
also
to
the
hearing
.
1.
For
in
the
Second
Punic
War
,
the
Youth
of
Rome
being
exhausted
,
the
Senate
,
at
the
motion
of
Titus
Gracchus
Consult
elect
,
order'd
,
that
Servants
might
be
publickly
bought
,
to
serve
against
the
Enemy
.
Which
being
reported
by
the
Tribunes
to
the
people
,
three
persons
were
chosen
out
to
buy
four
and
twenty
thousand
Servants
;
who
swearing
them
to
be
true
,
faithful
and
courageous
,
while
the
Carthaginians
continued
in
Italy
,
sent
them
away
to
the
Camp
.
Out
of
Apulia
also
and
the
Territories
of
Fidicule
two
hundred
and
seventy
Horsemen
were
bought
to
supply
the
Horse
.
How
great
is
the
violence
of
bitter
Chance
!
That
City
which
till
that
time
loath'd
to
have
Souldiers
whose
heads
were
never
tax'd
,
that
very
City
is
now
constrain'd
to
hale
the
bodies
of
Slaves
from
their
servile
dens
,
and
Freemen
from
the
Cottages
of
Shepherds
,
to
be
the
chief
strength
of
their
Army
.
Generous
spirits
therefore
must
sometimes
give
way
to
convenience
,
and
submit
to
the
power
of
Fortune
,
where
he
that
chooses
not
the
safest
Counsel
,
yields
to
him
that
follows
the
most
specious
Advice
.
But
the
slaughter
of
Cannae
so
amaz'd
our
City
,
that
by
the
industry
of
Marcus
Junius
,
then
ordering
the
affairs
of
the
Common-wealth
as
Dictator
,
the
spoils
of
the
Enemies
fix'd
in
the
Temples
consecrated
to
the
Gods
,
were
taken
down
for
the
service
of
the
Wars
,
and
the
youth
of
the
Nobility
were
forced
to
take
Arms
;
and
six
Thousand
condemn'd
persons
were
also
listed
our
of
necessity
.
Which
things
consider'd
in
themselves
,
seem
to
look
somewhat
odly
;
but
weighed
in
the
balance
of
necessity
,
they
appear
to
be
helps
fit
for
the
severity
of
the
times
.
By
reason
of
the
same
Overthrow
,
the
Senate
wrote
back
in
answer
to
Otacilius
and
Cornelius
Mammula
,
the
one
Propraetor
of
Sicily
,
the
other
of
Sardignia
,
who
both
complain'd
that
they
had
neither
Money
nor
Provisions
for
their
Armies
,
That
they
had
not
Money
in
the
Treasury
for
distant
expences
,
and
therefore
bid
them
take
the
best
course
they
could
to
provide
for
themselves
.
Whereby
the
Senate
put
the
Government
quite
out
of
their
own
hands
▪
a●d
abandon'd
Sicily
and
Sardignia
,
two
the
k●●●●st
Nurses
of
our
City
,
the
str●●gth
and
support
of
●●ei●
Wars
,
subdu'd
with
so
much
blood
and
sweat
,
in
a
few
words
,
to
the
severe
command
of
Necessity
.
2.
The
Casilinates
wanting
Victuals
,
and
being
closely
besieg'd
by
Hannibal
,
took
all
the
Leathern
Thongs
from
their
necessary
uses
,
and
the
Leather
Covers
from
their
Targets
,
and
boyling
them
in
water
,
were
forc'd
to
feed
upon
them
.
Consider
but
the
bitterness
of
the
Calamity
,
and
what
could
be
more
miserable
?
If
you
consider
their
Constancy
,
what
greater
mark
of
Fidelity
?
Who
rather
than
they
would
desert
the
Romans
,
maintain'd
themselves
with
such
a
sort
of
Diet
,
when
such
fat
Fields
,
and
such
a
fertile
Soyls
,
joyn'd
so
close
to
their
Walls
.
3.
When
that
Town
was
so
besieg'd
,
and
so
faithfully
held
out
,
it
hapned
that
one
among
Three
Hundred
Praenestines
having
taken
a
Mouse
,
would
rather
sell
it
for
Two
Hundred
Denaries
,
than
eat
it
himself
,
notwithstanding
the
famishing
condition
he
was
in
.
But
Providence
allotted
both
to
the
Buyer
and
the
Seller
,
the
end
which
they
both
deserv'd
.
For
the
covetous
person
being
starv'd
to
death
,
enjoy'd
not
the
spoils
of
his
Avarice
;
but
he
that
was
at
so
great
an
expence
for
his
own
preservation
,
though
he
bought
it
dear
,
yet
since
it
was
out
of
Necessity
,
liv'd
.
4.
In
the
Consulship
of
C.
Marius
and
Cn.
Carbo
,
who
contended
in
a
Civil
War
with
Sylla
,
and
at
what
time
the
Commonwealth
did
not
seek
for
Victory
,
but
that
the
Publick
was
to
be
the
Victors
reward
;
by
a
Decree
of
the
Senate
,
the
Gold
and
Silver
Ornaments
of
the
Temples
were
melted
down
,
to
pay
the
Souldiers
.
For
it
was
a
worthy
contention
,
whether
the
one
should
be
permitted
to
satiate
his
Cruelty
with
the
banishment
of
the
Citizens
,
or
whether
the
Immortal
Gods
should
be
rob'd
.
But
it
was
not
the
will
of
the
Conscript
Fathers
,
but
thine
,
Dire
Necessity
,
that
occasion'd
that
order
to
be
made
.
5.
When
the
divine
Ju●ius's
Army
besieged
Munda
,
and
that
they
wan●ed
matter
to
raise
their
Battery
,
they
made
up
the
height
,
which
they
wanted
,
with
the
Bodies
of
dead
M●n
.
And
because
they
wanted
Stakes
,
they
drave
in
their
Piles
,
and
French-Darts
to
strengthen
'em
,
Necessity
teaching
them
a
new
way
of
Fortification
.
6.
And
that
I
may
adde
the
heavenly
mention
of
the
Son
,
to
the
remembrance
of
the
celestial
Father
;
when
Phraates
King
of
the
Parthians
threatned
to
break
in
upon
our
Provinces
,
and
that
the
adjoyning
Regions
were
terrified
at
the
news
of
their
coming
,
there
was
such
a
Famine
in
the
Region
of
Bosphorus
,
that
the
Souldiers
exchang'd
so
many
Slaves
for
a
single
Vessel
of
Oyle
,
and
so
many
Slaves
for
a
Bushel
of
Wheat
.
But
the
care
of
Augustus
,
under
whose
Protection
the
world
then
was
,
soon
provided
a
Remedy
for
that
Calamity
.
RORRAIGNERS
.
1.
The
Cretans
had
no
such
help
:
who
being
besieged
by
Metellus
,
and
reduced
to
the
utmost
Extremity
,
rather
tormented
than
quench'd
their
thirst
with
their
own
and
the
Urine
of
their
Cattle
.
For
fearing
to
be
overcome
,
they
suffer'd
that
,
which
the
Victors
would
not
have
forced
them
to
have
endur'd
.
2.
The
Numantines
being
besieged
by
Scipio
,
when
they
had
consum'd
all
other
things
,
at
length
were
constrain'd
to
feed
upon
Mans-flesh
.
So
that
when
their
City
was
taken
,
there
were
many
found
with
the
joynts
and
members
of
the
slain
in
their
bosomes
.
But
Necessity
has
no
excuse
for
this
;
for
there
was
no
necessity
for
them
to
live
,
to
whom
it
was
so
lawful
to
dye
.
3.
But
the
horrid
impiety
of
the
Calagurritans
exceeded
the
obstinacy
of
the
former
:
who
to
the
end
they
might
appear
the
more
faithful
to
the
ashes
of
the
slain
Sertorius
,
being
besieg'd
by
Pompey
,
having
devoured
all
other
creatures
in
their
City
,
fell
to
feast
upon
their
Wives
and
Children
.
And
to
the
end
the
Armed
Youth
might
nourish
their
Bowels
with
their
own
bowels
the
longer
,
they
were
not
afraid
to
salt
up
the
unfortunate
remainders
of
the
dead
b●dies
.
Think
you
it
would
be
an
exhortation
prevalent
enough
in
the
field
,
to
exhort
such
Souldiers
to
sight
for
the
safety
of
their
Wives
and
Children
?
It
had
bin
more
proper
for
so
great
a
Captain
to
have
punisht
such
an
Enemy
,
than
to
seek
for
Victory
.
For
Revenge
would
have
purchased
them
more
Liberty
,
than
Victory
could
win
them
Honour
;
in
comparison
of
whom
Serpents
and
wild
beasts
were
gentle
and
merciful
creatures
.
For
those
dear
pledges
of
Life
,
dearer
to
them
than
their
lives
themselves
,
were
the
Dinners
and
Suppers
of
the
Catagurritans
.
CHAP.
VII
.
Of
Wills
cancell'd
.
-
1.
A
Father
that
disinherited
his
Son
.
-
2.
M.
Anneius
Cars●olanus
.
-
3.
C.
Tettius
.
-
4.
Sulpitia
the
mother
of
the
Trachali
.
-
5.
Terentius
.
-
6.
Naevianus
.
-
7.
Juventius
.
LEt
us
now
go
to
that
sort
of
business
,
which
among
all
the
actions
of
Men
,
is
the
last
thing
done
,
and
their
chiefest
care
:
And
let
us
consider
,
what
Wills
have
bin
cancell'd
after
they
were
legally
made
;
or
might
have
bin
cancell'd
when
they
stood
firm
,
and
transferr'd
the
honour
of
Inheritance
to
others
than
those
that
expected
it
.
1.
Which
that
I
may
do
according
to
the
order
which
I
have
proposed
,
I
will
begin
with
the
Father
of
a
certain
Souldier
,
who
hearing
a
false
report
of
the
death
of
his
Son
from
the
Camp
,
made
other
Heirs
in
his
Will
,
and
died
.
The
Youngman
returning
home
after
the
war
Was
ended
,
found
the
dores
shut
against
him
,
by
the
errour
of
his
Father
,
and
the
impudence
of
his
Friends
.
For
how
could
they
shew
themselves
more
shameless
than
they
did
?
The
Souldier
had
spent
the
flower
of
his
youth
in
his
Countries
Service
,
had
undergone
most
dreadful
Labours
and
Dangers
,
shewed
the
Wounds
which
he
had
received
in
Battle
,
and
only
begg'd
that
lazy
Drones
,
a
very
burthen
to
the
very
City
it self
,
might
not
possess
his
Ancestors
Inheritance
.
Therefore
laying
aside
his
Armes
,
he
was
forced
to
commence
a
Gown-war
in
the
Court
of
Justice
.
A
hard
case
,
while
he
is
forc'd
to
contend
for
his
Fathers
estate
with
wicked
Heirs
before
the
Centumviri
;
though
they
could
not
choose
but
give
their
Opinions
for
him
,
while
the
Sentence
of
the
Court
gave
him
the
day
.
2.
Marcus
Anneius
the
Son
of
M.
Carseolanus
,
a
famous
Roman
Knight
,
adopted
by
Sufenas
his
Uncle
,
cancell'd
his
Fathers
Will
,
who
had
left
him
out
of
it
,
by
the
Sentence
of
the
Centumviri
,
before
whom
he
tryed
the
Cause
;
though
Tullianus
,
the
familiar
Friend
of
Pompey
the
Great
,
who
was
a
witness
to
it
,
were
made
Heir
.
Therefore
he
had
more
to
do
with
the
power
of
a
person
potent
in
Court
,
than
with
the
ashes
of
his
Father
.
Yet
though
both
did
what
they
could
to
hinder
him
,
he
obtain'd
his
fathers
Goods
.
For
L.
Sextilius
,
and
P.
Popilius
,
whom
M.
Anncius
,
as
being
his
nearest
Relations
,
had
made
Heirs
of
the
same
part
which
was
given
to
Tullianus
,
durst
not
contend
by
their
Otahs
with
the
young
man
.
Though
they
might
have
bin
sent
for
at
that
time
by
the
highest
Authorities
then
in
being
,
to
have
defended
the
Will.
And
it
was
some
pretence
for
the
Heirs
,
that
M.
Anneius
was
translated
into
the
Family
of
Sufenas
.
But
the
strong
tye
of
procreation
overcame
both
the
Fathers
Will
,
and
the
Authority
of
so
great
a
Personage
.
3.
C.
Tettius
,
an
Infant
born
of
Petronia
the
Wife
as
Tettius
as
long
as
he
liv'd
,
being
disinherited
by
his
Father
,
was
restor'd
to
his
Inheritance
by
the
Decree
of
the
divine
Augustus
,
doing
like
a
Father
of
his
Countrey
:
In
regard
that
Tettius
had
so
unjustly
abrogated
the
paternal
Name
,
by
giving
away
his
estate
from
a
Son
,
so
legally
born
to
his
own
Right
.
4.
Septicia
also
,
the
Mother
of
the
Trachali
of
Ariminum
,
being
angry
with
her
Sons
,
out
of
spite
when
she
was
now
past
child-bearing
married
Publicius
an
old
man
,
and
l●ft
both
her
Children
out
of
her
Will.
Who
appealing
to
the
divine
Augustus
,
he
disapprov'd
both
the
Marriage
,
and
disannul'd
the
Will
.
For
he
order'd
that
the
Sons
should
have
their
Mothers
estate
,
and
commanded
the
Husband
to
restore
her
Dower
;
because
she
did
not
marry
out
of
hopes
of
having
Children
.
If
Justice
her self
had
given
sentence
in
this
case
,
could
she
have
pronounc'd
a
juster
Sentence
?
Thou
despisest
those
whom
thou
hast
begot
;
thou
marriest
past
Child-bearing
;
thou
breakest
the
order
of
Wills
out
of
a
violent
humour
,
and
dost
not
blush
to
give
all
thy
Patrimony
to
a
person
,
to
whose
feeble
body
thou
hast
prostituted
thy
old
Age.
And
therefore
,
while
thou
thus
behavest
thy self
,
thou
art
cast
down
to
Hell
by
the
voice
of
heavenly
Thunder
.
5.
Famous
is
the
Constitution
of
C.
Calpurnius
Piso
,
Praetor
of
the
City
.
For
when
Terentius
complain'd
before
him
,
together
with
his
eight
Sons
,
whom
he
had
bred
up
to
be
men
,
that
one
of
his
Sons
whom
he
had
parted
with
in
Adoption
,
had
disinherited
him
;
gave
him
the
possession
of
the
young
mans
estate
,
and
would
not
suffer
the
Heirs
to
go
to
Law
.
The
Paternal
Majesty
of
the
man
mov'd
Calpurnius
doubtless
,
together
with
the
gift
of
Life
,
and
the
benefit
of
Education
:
but
that
which
more
moved
him
,
was
the
number
of
his
other
Children
that
stood
by
,
seeing
seven
Brothers
and
a
Father
disinherited
by
one
Child
.
6.
How
prudent
was
the
Decree
of
Mamercus
Aemilius
Lepidus
the
Consul
!
Genucius
,
a
certain
Priest
of
Cybele
,
besought
the
Praetor
of
the
City
,
Cn.
Orestes
,
that
the
goods
of
Naevianus
might
be
restor'd
to
him
,
the
poss●ssion
whereof
he
had
by
Will
obtain'd
.
Mamercus
being
thereupon
appeal'd
to
by
Surdinius
,
whose
Freed-man
had
left
Genucius
his
Heir
,
disannull'd
the
Praetors
Sentence
,
saying
,
That
Genucius
,
who
had
of
his
own
accord
suffered
himself
to
be
gelt
(
for
so
are
all
the
Priests
of
Cybele
)
was
not
to
be
reckon'd
either
a
man
or
woman
.
A
Decree
befitting
Mamercus
,
befitting
the
Prince
of
the
Senate
;
whereby
he
provided
that
the
Tribunals
of
Magistrates
should
not
be
polluted
by
the
obscence
presence
,
and
scandalous
voice
of
Eunuchs
.
7.
Q.
Metellus
was
a
much
more
severe
Praetor
than
Orestes
:
Who
would
not
give
Vecilius
,
the
Pandar
the
possession
of
the
Goods
of
Juventius
,
left
him
by
Will
.
For
that
noble
and
grave
Personage
did
not
think
the
condition
of
a
Court
of
Judicature
and
a
Brothel-house
to
be
the
same
.
Neither
would
he
approve
the
fact
of
that
man
,
who
had
thrown
away
his
estate
upon
an
unclean
stable
;
nor
give
the
same
right
to
one
that
made
a
publick
profession
of
Dishonesty
,
as
to
a
Citizen
of
a
good
Conversation
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
Testaments
confirm'd
,
and
unlookt
for
Inheritances
.
Of
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Sempronius
Tuditanus
.
-
2.
Aebucia
.
-
3.
Q.
Metellus
.
-
4.
The
Brother
of
Pompeius
of
Rhegium
.
-
5.
Q.
Caecilus
.
-
6.
T.
Marius
.
-
7.
Valerius
Heptachordus
.
-
8.
T.
Barrulus
.
-
9.
M.
Polilius
.
HAving
contented
our selves
with
these
Examples
of
cancell'd
Wills
,
let
us
give
a
hint
upon
those
that
have
remain'd
confirm'd
,
when
there
was
cause
enough
for
them
to
have
bin
cancell'd
.
1.
How
publickly
and
scandalously
was
Tuditanus
no●ed
for
a
madman
!
being
one
that
threw
his
Money
among
the
People
,
and
trayl'd
his
Cloak
after
him
in
the
Forum
,
as
if
it
had
bin
the
garment
of
a
Tragedian
;
so
that
he
was
the
laughter
of
all
that
beheld
him
,
besides
many
other
pranks
of
the
same
nature
which
they
beheld
.
He
made
his
Son
Heir
by
his
Will
:
which
T.
Longus
by
the
Judgment
of
the
Centumviri
in
vain
endeavour'd
to
have
disannull'd
,
as
being
next
of
kin
.
For
the
Centumviri
thought
it
more
proper
to
consider
what
was
written
in
the
Will
,
than
who
had
wrote
it
.
2.
The
conversation
of
Tuditanus
was
Frantick
;
but
Aebucia
,
who
was
the
wife
of
L.
Menenius
Agrippa
.
made
a
Will
that
was
Madness
it self
.
For
having
two
Daughters
of
equal
vertue
,
Plaetoria
and
Afrania
,
through
the
inclination
of
her
own
minde
,
rather
than
for
any
offence
or
miscarriage
,
she
only
made
Plaetoria
her
Heir
:
and
to
the
Children
of
Afrania
,
out
of
her
vast
Patrimony
,
she
left
only
twenty
thousand
pieces
of
Money
.
However
Afrania
would
not
contend
by
Oath
with
her
Sister
,
rather
choosing
patiently
to
honour
her
Mothers
Will
,
than
to
violate
it
in
Court
;
shewing
her self
thereby
so
much
the
more
unworthy
the
Injury
done
her
,
by
how
much
the
more
patiently
she
bore
it
.
3.
Q.
Metellus
committed
a
womanish
errour
,
less
to
be
admir'd
.
For
he
,
though
there
were
several
eminent
and
famous
young
men
,
of
the
same
name
,
living
in
our
City
at
the
same
time
,
and
that
the
Family
of
the
Claudii
,
to
whom
he
was
most
nearly
related
,
were
then
very
numerous
,
left
Carinates
onely
his
Heir
;
neither
did
any
one
attempt
to
question
his
Will.
4.
Pompeius
also
Rheginus
,
a
Tramontane
,
being
by
his
Brother
left
out
of
his
Will
,
and
that
to
prove
his
Injustice
,
he
had
in
a
full
Assembly
of
both
Orders
recited
two
former
Wills
made
and
testified
in
the
publick
place
of
Elections
,
by
which
this
Brother
was
made
Heir
of
the
greatest
part
,
only
there
was
premis'd
to
him
the
summ
of
an
hundred
and
fifty
Sesterces
;
after
he
had
long
complain'd
to
his
Friends
that
sooth'd
his
indignation
,
took
a
resolution
not
to
trouble
the
ashes
of
his
Brother
in
a
Court
of
Judicature
.
Yet
they
,
whom
he
had
made
his
Heirs
,
were
so
far
from
being
so
near
a
kin
by
the
Fathers
side
,
that
they
were
not
the
next
to
him
;
but
strangers
and
poor
.
So
that
the
Silence
seem'd
to
be
wicked
,
and
the
Pride
contumelious
.
5.
Happy
in
their
Impunity
,
but
whether
these
Wills
were
not
worse
in
offending
,
is
the
Question
.
Quintus
Caecilius
by
the
dilig●nt
endeavour
and
great
Liberalitie
of
L.
Lucullus
,
having
attain'd
to
a
handsome
degree
of
Dignity
,
and
an
ample
Patrimony
;
when
he
had
fully
resolv'd
that
he
alone
should
be
his
Heir
,
and
on
his
Death-bed
had
given
him
his
Rings
from
off
his
Fingers
;
yet
by
his
Will
adopted
Pomponius
Atticus
,
and
made
him
Heir
to
all
his
Estate
.
But
the
Roman
People
tying
a
Halter
about
the
neck
of
the
Carcass
of
that
decei●ful
and
fallacious
person
,
dragg'd
him
along
the
High-way
.
Thus
the
wicked
wretch
had
a
Son
a
Heir
,
such
as
he
desir'd
but
a
Funeral
and
a
Grave
,
such
as
he
deserv'd
.
6.
Neither
was
T.
Marius
Vrbinas
worthy
of
any
other
;
who
by
the
favour
of
the
divine
Augustus
the
Emperour
,
being
rais'd
from
the
lowest
condition
of
a
common
Souldier
,
to
the
highest
commands
in
the
Camp
;
and
being
by
them
enrich'd
,
not
onely
at
other
times
declar'd
,
that
he
would
leave
his
fortunes
to
him
that
had
bestow'd
them
on
him
,
and
but
the
day
before
he
died
protested
the
same
thing
to
Augustus
himself
;
when
as
he
had
not
so
much
as
mention'd
his
name
in
his
Will.
7.
Lucius
Valerius
,
whose
sirname
was
Heptachordus
,
having
experienc'd
the
enmity
of
Cornelius
Balbus
in
Court
,
as
being
plagued
by
his
advice
and
management
with
several
private
Suits
,
and
at
length
by
a
suborned
witness
being
by
him
accus'd
of
a
Capital
Crime
,
leaving
out
his
Advocates
and
Patrons
,
lest
him
sole
Heir
;
cow'd
by
such
a
dread
,
as
turn'd
his
resolutions
topsie turvie
.
For
he
lov'd
his
Ignominie
,
lov'd
the
dangers
,
and
seem'd
to
wish
he
had
●in
condemn'd
:
being
so
kind
to
the
authour
of
those
mischiefs
,
and
hating
his
defenders
.
8.
T.
Barrulus
upon
his
Death-bed
deliver'd
his
Rings
to
Lentulus
Spinther
,
whose
kindness
and
friendship
he
had
felt
,
as
to
his
only
Heir
;
yet
left
him
nothing
at
all
.
How
strangely
at
that
very
moment
of
time
(
if
it
be
of
that
force
which
we
believe
it
to
be
)
did
Conscience
punish
that
abominable
creature
!
For
between
the
very
thoughts
of
his
Ingratitude
and
Fallacy
,
he
yielded
up
his
last
breath
,
as
if
some
Tormenter
had
crucified
his
soul
within
him
.
For
he
knew
that
his
passage
from
life
to
death
was
hateful
to
the
Gods
,
and
would
be
detested
by
the
Infernal
Spirits
.
9.
Marcus
Popilius
upon
his
death-bed
beheld
Oppius
Gallus
a
Senator
,
with
whom
he
had
been
familiar
from
his
youth
,
as
the
Laws
of
antient
friendship
requir'd
,
and
gave
him
the
most
loving
words
imaginable
.
For
he
thought
him
only
worthy
,
of
all
that
stood
by
him
,
of
his
last
embrace
and
kiss
:
moreover
he
deliver'd
him
his
Rings
,
to
ensure
him
of
that
Inheritance
which
he
was
never
likely
to
enjoy
.
Which
Rings
laid
up
in
his
Purse
,
and
assigned
to
him
by
those
that
were
present
,
Oppius
,
(
a
diligent
man
,
but
a
mere
mock
of
his
dying
friend
disinherits
himself
,
and
returns
them
diligently
to
his
Heirs
.
What
could
be
more
dishonest
or
more
unseasonable
at
this
time
and
place
?
That
a
Senator
of
the
Roman
people
,
just
ready
to
die
,
not
only
as
a
man
to
the
world
,
but
also
as
a
publick
person
to
the
Senate-house
,
should
have
such
a
trick
put
upon
him
,
against
all
the
sacred
Laws
of
friendship
,
when
his
eyes
were
set
in
his
head
,
and
he
drawing
his
last
breath
?
LIB.
VIII
.
CHAP.
I.
Of
signal
Publick
Judgments
.
Absolv'd
.
-
1.
M.
Horatius
Tergeminus
.
-
2.
Ser.
Sulpitius
Galba
.
-
3.
A.
Gabinius
.
-
4.
P.
Claudius
Pulcher.
-
5.
Tuccia
,
the
Vestal
.
-
6.
L.
Calpurnius
Piso
.
-
7.
Q.
Flavius
,
the
Augur
.
-
8.
Cosconius
Callidianus
.
-
9.
Atilius
Calatinus
.
-
10.
M.
Aemilius
Scaurus
,
jun.
-
11.
Aurelius
Cotta
.
-
12.
Callidius
of
Bononia
.
-
13.
The
two
Cloelii
of
Tarracinum
.
Condemn'd
.
-
1.
L.
Scipio
Asiatick
.
-
2.
C.
Decianus
.
-
3.
Sex
.
Titius
.
-
4.
Claudia
the
daughter
of
App.
the
blind
.
-
5.
M.
Mulvius
,
C.
Lollius
,
L.
Sextilius
,
Triumvirs
.
-
6.
P.
Villius
,
the
Triumvir
.
-
7.
M.
Aemilius
Porcina
.
-
8.
A
certain
Father
of
a
Family
.
Two
Burnt
.
-
1.
A
Matricide
.
-
2.
A
Mistress
of
a
Family
.
ABSOLVED
.
NOw
that
the
doubtful
motions
of
Judgments
may
more
easily
be
endured
,
let
us
relate
for
what
causes
they
that
laboured
under
Envy
,
were
either
acquited
or
condemned
.
1.
M.
Horatius
being
condemned
by
Tullus
the
King
for
having
slain
his
Sister
,
was
acquitted
by
appealing
to
the
people
.
The
one
was
incens'd
by
the
Cruelty
of
the
Murther
,
the
other
by
the
reason
of
the
fact
enclin'd
to
Mercy
:
believing
the
immature
love
of
the
Virgin
more
severely
than
impiously
punish'd
.
And
thus
the
brothers
arm
being
sav'd
by
so
stout
a
correction
,
reap'd
as
much
honour
from
the
blood
of
his
near
relation
,
as
from
the
blood
of
an
enemy
.
2.
Before
,
the
Roman
people
shewed
themselves
fierce
preservers
of
Chastity
;
afterwards
more
mild
Judges
than
Justice
it self
required
.
For
when
Servius
Galba
was
severely
accused
by
Libo
,
a
Tribune
of
the
People
,
for
that
being
a
Praetor
in
Spain
,
he
had
put
to
death
a
great
number
of
the
Lusitanians
,
contrary
to
his
Faith
given
them
;
and
that
Cato
,
at
that
time
very
aged
,
in
an
Oration
upon
publick
Record
,
had
made
good
what
the
Tribune
had
done
;
so
that
the
party
accused
had
not
a
word
to
say
for
his
own
defence
;
yet
when
with
tears
in
his
eyes
he
only
recommended
to
the
Assembly
his
little
Children
,
and
the
young
Son
of
Sulpitius
Gallus
,
neerly
related
to
him
,
he
so
appeas'd
the
wrath
of
his
Judges
,
that
he
,
who
was
but
just
now
ready
to
be
condemn'd
by
the
Vote
of
all
,
had
hardly
in
an
instant
one
Vote
to
his
prejudice
.
Pitie
,
not
Equity
,
rul'd
that
Inditement
;
since
that
Absolution
that
could
not
be
granted
to
Innocency
,
was
given
out
of
respect
to
the
Children
.
3.
Like
to
this
was
that
which
follows
.
Aulus
Gabinius
,
in
the
height
of
Infamy
,
being
by
the
accusation
of
C.
Memmius
expos'd
to
the
suffrages
of
the
People
,
seem'd
to
be
past
all
hope
.
For
the
Inditement
was
full
,
the
Defence
weak
,
and
his
Judges
such
as
with
a
precipitate
malice
desired
his
punishment
.
The
Officers
and
Imprisonment
hovered
before
his
eyes
,
and
yet
all
vanished
away
by
the
interposition
of
propitious
Fortune
.
For
Sisenna
,
the
Son
of
Gabinius
,
by
an
impulse
of
consternation
,
throwing
himself
a
Suppliant
at
the
feet
of
Memmius
,
besought
there
some
asswagement
of
the
Tempest
,
where
the
whole
fury
of
the
Storm
first
arose
.
Whom
the
Victor
beholding
with
a
stern
countenance
,
and
tearing
his
Ring
from
his
finger
,
suffer'd
for
some
time
to
lye
groveling
upon
the
ground
.
Which
sad
spectacle
wrought
that
effect
,
that
Laelius
the
Tribune
by
a
general
consent
order'd
the
prisoner
to
be
set
at
liberty
.
Teaching
us
,
that
no
man
ought
insolently
to
abuse
the
successes
of
Prosperity
,
nor
over-weakly
to
be
cast
down
by
Adversity
.
4.
Which
is
made
manifest
by
the
next
Example
.
Publius
Claudius
,
I
cannot
tell
whether
to
the
greater
detriment
of
Religion
or
his
Countrey
(
in
regard
he
contemn'd
the
antient
Customes
of
the
one
,
and
lost
a
noble
Navy
of
●other
)
being
expos'd
to
the
anger
of
the
People
;
when
it
was
thought
he
could
no
way
avoid
the
punishment
that
he
deserv'd
,
saved
himself
from
Condemnation
,
by
the
benefit
of
a
suddain
storm
.
By
which
means
the
Trial
being
laid
aside
,
it
pleased
the
People
never
to
bring
it
on
again
,
as
if
the
Gods
themselves
had
forbid
it
.
Thus
was
he
saved
by
a
Land-storm
,
whom
a
Sea-tempest
had
like
to
have
brought
to
condemnation
.
5.
By
the
same
sort
of
assistance
the
Chastity
of
Tuccia
,
a
Vestal
Virgin
,
and
accus'd
of
Incest
,
escaped
out
of
a
black
cloud
of
Infamy
.
Who
trusting
to
the
sincerity
of
her
Innocency
,
ventur'd
the
hope
of
her
safety
upon
a
doubtful
argument
.
For
,
snatching
up
a
sieve
,
Vesta
,
said
she
,
If
I
have
always
attended
thy
Rites
with
clean
and
chast
hands
,
grant
that
I
may
take
up
water
out
of
Tiber
in
this
,
and
carry
it
to
thy
Temple
.
Nature
gave
way
to
the
rash
and
bold
Imprecation
of
the
Priestess
.
6.
Lucius
Piso
also
being
accused
by
Claudius
Pulcher
,
for
having
done
great
and
intolerable
injuries
to
the
Roman
Allies
,
by
a
luckly
chance
escaped
the
fear
of
an
unquestioned
ruine
:
For
at
the
same
time
that
they
were
about
to
give
severe
Judgment
against
him
,
there
fell
a
sudden
shower
,
which
filled
his
mouth
full
of
durt
,
as
he
lay
prostrate
at
the
feet
of
his
Judges
.
Which
Spectacle
changed
the
whole
Trial
from
Severity
into
Pity
and
Clemency
.
For
they
believ'd
he
had
given
full
satisfaction
to
their
Allies
,
by
being
compell's
to
prostate
himself
so
submissively
,
and
rise
again
with
so
much
deformity
.
7.
I
will
adde
two
that
escaped
by
their
Accusers
own
fault
.
Quintus
Flavius
the
Augur
was
accused
by
Valerius
the
Aedil
,
and
proved
guilty
to
the
People
;
and
being
condemn'd
by
the
Votes
of
fourteen
Tribes
,
cryed
out
he
was
innocently
condemn'd
.
To
whom
Valerius
made
answer
with
a
loud
voice
,
that
he
car'd
not
whether
he
were
put
to
death
Guilty
or
Innocent
,
so
he
were
put
to
death
.
Which
violent
speech
brought
over
the
rest
of
the
Tribes
to
his
Adversaries
side
.
He
had
cast
his
enemy
:
when
he
certainly
thought
him
ruin'd
,
he
restor'd
him
;
and
lost
the
victory
,
even
in
the
victory
it self
.
8.
C.
Cosconius
found
guilty
by
the
Servilian
Law
,
and
for
many
evident
and
notorious
crimes
condemned
,
was
sav'd
by
one
Verse
recited
in
the
Sessions-House
by
Valerius
Valentinus
his
Adversary
,
signifying
by
a
Poetical
Joke
,
that
he
had
defil'd
a
noble
Youth
and
a
free
Virgin
.
For
they
thought
it
unjust
that
he
should
go
away
Victor
,
who
rather
deserv'd
to
give
the
Palm
from
himself
,
than
to
take
it
from
another
.
Therefore
was
Valerius
rather
condemn'd
by
the
Absolution
of
Cosconius
,
than
Cosconius
freed
at
his
Trial.
9.
I
will
touch
upon
those
also
whose
Crimes
having
ruin'd
all
their
hopes
,
have
been
pardon'd
for
the
renown
of
their
Relations
.
A.
Attilius
Calatinus
being
condemn'd
for
having
betrayed
the
Town
of
Sora
,
and
a
person
otherwise
infamous
,
only
a
few
words
of
Q.
Maximus
,
his
Father-in-law
,
sav'd
from
the
threatning
danger
:
wherein
he
affirmed
,
that
if
he
found
him
guilty
of
that
crime
,
he
would
break
oft
his
affinity
.
Presently
the
People
yielded
up
their
own
to
the
judgment
of
one
man
;
believing
it
an
unworthy
thing
,
not
to
believe
his
Testimony
,
whom
they
had
entrusted
in
the
greatest
Dangers
of
the
Commonwealth
.
10.
M.
Aemilius
Scaurus
also
guilty
of
Bribery
,
made
so
lame
and
pitiful
defence
at
his
Trial
,
that
his
Accuser
said
openly
,
that
he
should
have
liberty
to
name
an
hundred
and
twenty
witnesses
for
himself
;
and
that
he
would
be
content
to
have
the
prisoner
acquitted
,
if
he
could
produce
so
many
in
the
Province
,
from
whom
he
had
never
taken
any
thing
.
Yet
,
though
he
could
not
make
use
of
so
fair
a
condition
,
he
was
freed
for
the
sake
of
his
Nobility
,
and
the
fresh
memory
of
his
Father
.
11.
But
as
the
Fame
of
Great
men
has
prevailed
to
protect
the
Guilty
,
so
has
it
as
little
avail'd
to
oppress
them
:
rather
it
has
bin
a
safeguard
to
them
in
the
height
of
Prosecution
.
P.
Scipio
Aemilianus
accused
L.
Cotta
to
the
Praetor
;
whose
cause
,
though
it
were
full
of
deep
crimes
,
was
seven
times
delayed
,
and
the
eighth
judgment
acquitted
him
.
For
those
wise
men
were
loath
it
should
be
thought
that
his
Condemnation
had
bin
,
because
his
Accuser
was
so
great
a
person
.
And
therefore
I
believe
they
reason'd
thus
amongst
themselves
:
We
must
not
admit
him
that
seeks
the
life
of
another
,
to
bring
Triumphs
,
Trophies
and
Spoils
to
the
seat
of
Judgment
:
Let
him
be
terrible
to
his
Enemy
;
but
let
not
a
Citizen
,
trusting
to
his
high
Merits
and
great
Honour
,
prosecute
a
Citizen
.
12.
Not
more
eager
were
those
Judges
against
a
most
noble
Accuser
,
than
these
were
mild
toward
a
Criminal
of
a
far
lower
degree
.
Callidius
of
Bononia
,
being
taken
by
night
in
the
Husbands
Bed-chamber
,
being
brought
to
answer
for
the
Adultery
,
he
buoyed
himself
up
among
the
greatest
and
most
violent
waves
of
Infamy
,
swimming
like
corn
in
a
Shipwrack
,
laying
hold
upon
a
very
slight
kind
of
defence
.
For
he
pleaded
,
that
he
was
carried
thither
,
for
the
Love
of
a
Servant-boy
.
The
place
was
suspected
,
the
time
suspitious
,
the
Mistress
of
the
house
was
suspected
,
and
his
Youth
suspected
:
But
the
confession
of
a
more
intemperate
Lust
,
freed
him
from
the
Crime
of
Adultery
.
13.
The
next
is
an
example
of
more
concernment
.
When
the
two
Brothers
of
Cloelius
were
brought
to
answer
for
Patricide
,
whose
Father
was
kill'd
in
his
bed
,
while
the
Sons
lay
asleep
in
the
same
Chamber
,
and
neither
Servant
nor
Freed-man
could
be
found
upon
whom
to
fasten
the
suspicion
of
the
Murther
:
They
were
both
acquitted
,
only
for
this
reason
,
that
it
was
made
appear
to
the
Judges
,
that
they
were
both
found
fast
asleep
with
the
door
open
.
Sleep
,
the
certain
mark
of
innocent
security
,
sav'd
the
unfortunate
.
For
it
was
adjudg'd
impossible
,
that
having
murthered
their
Father
,
they
could
have
slept
so
securely
over
his
wounds
and
blood
.
PERSONS
Condemned
.
1.
Now
we
will
briefly
touch
upon
those
,
to
whom
things
beside
the
question
did
more
harm
,
than
their
own
Innocency
did
good
.
L.
Scipio
,
after
a
most
noble
Triumph
over
King
Antiochus
,
was
condemned
for
taking
Money
of
him
.
Not
that
I
think
he
was
brib'd
to
remove
beyond
the
Mountain
Taurus
,
him
that
was
lately
Lord
of
all
Asia
,
and
just
going
to
lay
his
victorious
hands
upon
Europe
.
But
being
otherwise
a
man
of
a
most
upright
life
,
and
free
far
enough
from
any
such
suspicion
,
he
could
not
resist
that
envy
that
haunted
the
two
famous
Sirnames
of
the
two
Brothers
.
2.
Scipio
was
a
person
of
high
splendour
.
But
Decianus
,
a
person
of
unspotted
Integrity
,
was
ruin'd
by
his
own
tongue
.
For
when
he
accused
P.
Furius
,
a
man
of
a
lewd
life
,
because
that
in
some
part
of
his
Declamation
he
ventured
to
complain
of
the
Death
of
Saturninus
,
did
not
only
not
condemn
the
Guilty
,
but
suffered
the
Punishment
appointed
for
him
.
3.
The
same
case
overthrew
C.
Titius
.
He
was
innocent
,
and
in
favour
with
the
People
for
the
Agrarian
Law
.
But
because
he
had
the
statue
of
Saturninus
in
his
house
,
the
whole
College
of
Magistrates
with
one
general
consent
ruined
him
.
4.
We
may
to
these
adde
Claudia
,
whom
though
innocent
of
a
crime
,
an
impious
Imprecation
ruined
.
For
being
crowded
by
the
multitude
,
as
she
returned
home
from
the
Playes
,
she
wished
that
her
Brother
,
by
whom
we
had
the
greatest
loss
of
our
Naval
Forces
,
were
alive
again
,
that
being
made
often
Consul
,
he
might
by
his
ill
conduct
rid
the
City
of
the
pesterment
of
the
People
.
5.
We
may
pass
to
those
whom
the
violence
of
Condemnation
snatched
away
for
flight
causes
.
M.
Mulvius
,
Cn.
Lellius
,
L.
Sextilius
Triumvirs
,
because
they
did
not
come
so
quickly
,
as
they
ought
,
to
quench
a
Fire
that
happend
in
the
Holy
way
,
being
cited
before
the
People
at
a
prefixed
day
by
the
Tribune
,
were
condemned
.
6.
Publius
Villius
also
,
Nocturnal
Triumvir
,
being
accused
by
Aquilius
the
Tribune
,
fell
by
the
Sentence
of
the
People
,
because
he
was
negligent
in
going
his
watch
.
7.
Very
severe
was
that
Sentence
of
the
People
,
when
they
deeply
fin'd
M.
Aemilius
Porcina
,
being
accused
by
L.
Cassius
,
for
having
built
his
House
in
the
Village
of
Alsium
a
little
too
high
.
8.
Nor
is
that
Condemnation
to
be
supprest
of
one
,
who
being
over-fond
of
his
little
Boy
,
and
being
by
him
desir'd
to
buy
him
some
Chitterlings
for
Supper
;
because
there
were
none
to
be
got
in
the
Countrey
,
kill'd
a
Plough-Ox
,
to
satisfie
the
Boys
desire
.
For
which
reason
he
was
brought
to
publick
Trial
:
Innocent
,
had
he
not
lived
in
the
antient
times
.
Neither
Quitted
nor
Condemned
.
1.
Now
to
say
something
of
those
,
that
being
questioned
for
their
Lives
,
were
neither
quitted
nor
condemned
.
There
was
a
Woman
brought
before
Popilius
Lenas
the
Praetor
,
for
having
beaten
her
Mother
to
Death
with
a
Club.
But
the
Praetor
adjudged
nothing
against
her
,
neither
one
way
nor
other
.
For
it
was
plain
,
that
she
did
it
to
revenge
the
death
of
her
Children
,
whom
the
Grand-mother
,
angry
with
her
Daughter
,
had
poysoned
.
2.
The
same
demur
made
Dolabella
Proconsul
of
Asia
.
A
woman
of
Smyrna
killed
her
Husband
and
her
Son
,
understanding
that
they
had
killed
another
Son
of
hers
,
a
hopeful
young
man
,
which
she
had
by
a
former
Husband
.
Dolabella
would
not
take
cognizance
of
the
Cause
,
but
sent
it
to
be
determined
by
the
Areopagi
at
Athens
.
Unwilling
to
set
a
woman
at
liberty
,
defiled
with
two
Murthers
,
nor
to
punish
her
whom
a
just
Grief
had
mov'd
to
do
it
.
Considerately
and
mildly
did
the
Roman
Magistrate
:
nor
did
the
Areopagite
act
less
wisely
,
who
examining
the
cause
,
bound
the
Accuser
and
the
Criminal
to
appear
an
hundred
years
after
,
upon
the
same
ground
as
Dolabella
acted
.
Only
he
by
transmitting
the
Trial
,
they
by
deferring
,
delay'd
the
difficult
Sentence
,
or
Condemnation
or
Acquittal
.
CHAP.
II.
Of
remarkable
private
Judgments
,
whereby
were
condemned
-
1.
T.
Claud.
Centumalus
.
-
2.
Octacilia
Laterensis
.
-
3.
C.
Titinius
Minturnensis
.
-
4.
A
certain
person
for
riding
a
horse
farther
than
hired
for
.
TO
Publick
Judgments
I
will
adde
private
ones
,
the
Equity
whereof
in
the
Complainants
will
more
delight
than
a
great
number
offend
the
Reader
.
1.
Claudius
Centumalus
being
commanded
by
the
Augurs
to
pull
down
some
of
the
height
of
his
House
,
which
he
had
built
upon
the
Coelian
Mount
,
because
it
hindered
them
from
observing
their
Auguries
from
the
Tower
,
sold
it
to
Calpurnius
Lanatius
,
concealing
the
command
of
the
Augurs
.
By
whom
Calpurnius
being
compelled
to
pluck
down
his
House
,
brought
Marc.
Porcius
Cato
,
father
of
the
famous
Cato
,
to
Claudius
as
an
Arbitrator
,
and
the
form
of
Writing
,
Whatever
he
ought
to
give
him
,
or
do
in
good
Equity
.
Cato
,
understanding
that
Claudius
had
for
the
nonce
supprest
the
Augurs
Edict
,
presently
condemned
him
to
Calpurnius
;
with
all
the
Justice
in
the
world
.
For
they
that
sell
according
to
Conscience
and
Equity
,
ought
neither
to
enhance
the
hopes
of
the
Bargain
,
nor
conceal
the
Inconveniencies
.
2.
I
have
recited
a
Judgment
famous
in
those
times
:
Yet
what
I
am
about
to
relate
,
is
not
quite
buried
in
silence
.
C.
Visellius
Varro
being
taken
with
a
great
fit
of
Sickness
,
suffered
a
Judgment
of
three
thousand
pieces
of
Money
,
as
borrowed
of
Otacilia
Laterensis
,
with
whom
he
had
lived
as
her
Gallant
:
With
this
designe
,
that
if
he
died
,
she
might
claim
that
sum
of
the
Heirs
;
colouring
the
Liberality
of
his
Lust
,
under
the
title
of
a
Debt
.
After
that
,
Visellius
,
contrary
to
Otacilia's
wishes
,
recovers
.
Who
offended
that
she
had
lost
her
prey
by
his
recovery
,
from
a
close
Friend
began
to
act
like
an
open
Usurer
,
challenging
the
Money
,
which
as
shamelesly
as
vainly
she
gap'd
for
by
a
void
contract
.
Which
Aquillius
,
a
man
of
great
authority
and
knowledge
in
the
Civil
Law
,
being
chosen
to
be
Judge
of
,
consulting
with
the
Principal
Men
of
the
City
,
by
his
Prudence
and
good
Conscience
foyled
the
woman
.
And
if
by
the
same
form
Varro
might
have
been
condemned
,
and
the
adversary
absolved
,
no
question
but
he
would
have
willingly
punish'd
his
fo●l
and
unwarrantable
folly
.
Now
he
stifled
the
calumny
of
a
private
Action
,
and
left
the
crime
of
Adultery
to
publick
Justice
.
3.
Much
more
stoutly
and
with
a
souldierlike
Gallantry
did
Marius
behave
himself
in
a
Judgment
of
the
same
nature
.
For
when
T.
Titinius
or
Minturnum
married
Fannia
his
wise
,
because
he
knew
her
to
be
unchast
,
and
having
divorc'd
her
for
the
same
crime
,
would
have
kept
her
Dower
:
he
b●ing
chosen
Judge
,
and
having
examined
the
business
,
took
Titinius
aside
,
and
perswaded
him
to
proceed
no
farther
,
but
to
return
the
woman
her
Dower
;
but
finding
that
all
his
perswasions
were
in
vain
,
and
being
forced
to
pronounce
Sentence
,
he
fin'd
the
woman
for
Adultery
a
Sesterce
,
and
Titinius
the
whole
summ
of
the
Portion
.
Telling
them
,
that
therefore
he
had
observed
that
method
of
judgment
,
because
it
seemd
to
him
apparent
,
that
he
had
married
Fannia
whom
he
knew
to
be
a
lewd
woman
,
that
he
might
cheat
her
of
her
estate
.
This
Fannia
was
she
,
who
afterwards
,
when
Marius
was
proclaimed
an
Enemy
,
received
him
into
her
house
at
Minturnum
,
all
bedaubed
with
mud
and
durt
,
and
assisted
him
what
lay
in
her
power
;
remembring
that
he
had
adjudged
her
for
Unchastity
,
out
of
his
rigorous
manner
of
life
,
but
that
he
had
saved
her
Dower
,
out
of
his
Religion
and
Piety
.
4.
That
Judgment
was
also
much
talked
of
,
by
which
a
certain
person
was
condemned
for
theft
,
because
having
borrowed
a
Horse
to
carry
him
to
Aricia
,
he
rode
him
to
the
furthermost
cliff
of
that
City
,
What
can
we
do
here
but
praise
the
Modesty
of
that
Age
,
wherein
such
minute
excesses
from
Honesty
were
punished
?
CHAP.
III.
Of
Women
that
pleaded
Causes
before
Magistrates
.
-
1.
Amasia
Sentia
.
-
2.
Afrania
,
the
wife
of
Licinius
Buccio
.
-
3.
Hortensia
Q.
F.
NOr
must
we
omit
those
Women
,
whom
the
condition
of
their
Sex
,
and
the
Garments
of
Modesty
could
not
hinder
from
appearing
and
speaking
in
publick
Courts
of
Judicature
.
1.
Amaesia
Sentia
,
being
guilty
,
before
a
great
concourse
of
people
pleaded
her
own
cause
,
Titius
the
Praetor
then
sitting
in
Court
;
and
observing
all
the
parts
and
elegancies
of
a
true
Defence
,
not
onely
diligently
but
stoutly
was
quitted
in
her
first
Action
by
the
sentences
of
all
.
And
because
that
under
the
shape
of
a
woman
she
carried
a
manly
resolution
,
they
called
her
Androgynon
.
2.
Afrania
,
the
wife
of
Licinius
Buccio
the
Senator
,
being
extremely
affected
with
Law-suits
,
always
pleaded
for
herself
before
the
Praetor
.
Not
that
she
wanted
Advocates
,
but
because
she
abounded
in
Impudence
.
So
that
for
her
perpetual
vexing
the
Tribunal
with
her
bawling
,
to
which
the
Court
was
unaccustomed
,
she
grew
to
be
a
noted
Example
of
Female
Calumnie
.
So
that
the
name
of
Afrania
was
given
to
all
contentious
Women
.
She
dyed
when
Caesar
was
Consul
with
Servilius
.
For
it
is
better
to
remember
when
such
a
Monster
went
out
of
the
world
,
than
when
she
came
in
.
3.
Hortensia
,
the
daughter
of
Q.
Hortensius
,
when
the
order
of
Matrons
was
too
heavily
taxed
by
the
Triumvirs
,
and
that
none
of
the
Men
durst
undertake
to
speak
in
their
behalfs
,
she
pleaded
the
Matrons
cause
before
the
Triumvirs
,
not
only
with
boldness
,
but
with
success
.
For
the
image
of
her
fathers
Eloquence
obtained
,
that
the
greatest
part
of
the
Imposition
was
remitted
.
Q.
Hortensius
then
revived
in
the
Female
Sex
,
and
breath'd
in
the
words
of
his
Daughter
:
Whose
force
and
vigour
if
his
Posterity
of
the
Male
Sex
would
follow
,
so
great
an
inheritance
of
Hortensian
Eloquence
would
not
be
cut
off
by
one
action
of
a
woman
.
CHAP.
IV.
Of
Rackings
.
Endured
by
-
1.
The
Servant
of
M.
Agrius
.
-
2.
Alexander
the
Servant
of
Fannius
.
-
3.
Philip
Servant
to
Ful.
Flaccus
.
ANd
that
we
may
finish
all
sorts
of
Judgments
,
let
us
recite
those
Tortures
,
to
which
either
no
credit
at
all
was
given
,
or
else
rashly
too
much
faith
.
1.
The
Servant
of
M.
Agrius
was
accused
to
have
murthered
the
servant
of
C.
Fannius
,
and
for
that
reason
being
rack'd
by
his
Master
,
he
constantly
affirmed
,
that
he
did
commit
the
fact
.
Thereupon
being
delivered
up
to
Fannius
,
he
was
put
to
death
.
In
a
little
while
after
,
he
that
was
thought
to
be
slain
,
returned
home
.
2.
On
the
other
side
,
Alexander
,
the
Servant
of
Fannius
,
being
suspected
to
have
murthered
C.
Fl.
a
Roman
Knight
,
being
six
times
tortur'd
,
denied
that
he
was
any
way
concerned
in
it
.
But
as
if
he
had
confessed
it
,
he
was
condemned
by
the
Judges
,
and
by
Calpurnius
the
Triumvir
crucified
.
3.
Fulvius
Flaccus
the
Consul
pleading
,
Philip
his
Servant
,
upon
whom
the
whole
testimony
lay
,
being
eight
times
tortur'd
,
would
not
utter
a
word
to
his
Masters
prejudice
.
And
yet
he
was
condemned
as
guilty
,
when
one
eight
times
tortur'd
had
given
a
more
certain
argument
of
Innocence
,
than
eight
once
tormented
had
afforded
.
CHAP.
V.
Of
Testimonies
void
or
confirmed
.
-
1.
Of
the
Caepio
'
s
and
Metelli's
against
Q.
Pompey
.
-
2.
Of
Aemilius
Scaurus
against
several
.
-
3.
Of
L.
Crassus
against
M.
Marcellus
.
-
4.
Of
Q.
Metellus
,
the
Luculli
,
Hortensii
.
and
Lepeius
,
against
Gracchus
.
-
5.
Of
M.
Cicero
against
P.
Clodius
.
-
6.
Of
P.
Servilius
Isauricus
,
against
a
certain
person
.
1.
IT
follows
that
I
relate
pertinent
Examples
concerning
Witnesses
.
Cneus
and
Servilius
Caepio
,
born
both
of
the
same
Parents
,
and
having
,
●●●●ted
through
all
the
degrees
of
Honour
to
the
height
of
Greatness
:
Also
the
two
Brothers
Q.
and
L.
Metellus
,
of
the
Consular
and
Censors
Dignity
,
and
the
other
that
had
triumphed
,
giving
in
severe
testimony
against
Q.
Pompey
A.
F.
who
stood
accused
of
Bribery
:
the
credit
of
their
testimony
was
not
quite
abrogated
,
by
the
acquittal
of
Pompey
;
but
it
was
done
so
,
that
an
Enemy
might
not
seem
to
be
oppressed
by
power
.
2.
M.
Aemilius
Scaurus
,
Prince
of
the
Senate
,
prosecuted
C.
Memmius
for
Bribery
,
with
smart
testimony
.
He
followed
Flavius
,
accused
by
the
same
Law
,
with
the
same
fierceness
;
he
profestly
endeavoured
to
ruine
C.
Norbanus
,
for
Treason
put
to
the
publick
rack
:
yet
neither
by
his
Authority
,
which
was
very
great
,
nor
by
his
Piety
,
of
which
no
man
doubted
,
could
he
do
any
of
them
any
harm
.
3.
L.
Crassus
also
,
as
great
among
the
Judges
,
as
Scaurus
among
the
Conscript
Fathers
:
For
he
governed
their
Opinions
and
Judgments
by
the
potent
and
happy
salaries
of
his
Eloquence
;
Prince
of
the
Court
of
Judicature
,
as
the
other
of
the
Senate
:
Yet
when
he
shot
a
Thunderbolt
of
Testimony
against
Marcellus
,
it
fell
heavy
indeed
,
but
vanished
in
smoak
.
4.
Again
,
there
was
Q.
Metellus
the
holy
,
the
Luculli
,
the
Hortensii
,
M.
Lepidus
,
what
weight
did
they
not
onely
lay
upon
the
life
of
C.
Cornelius
accused
of
Treason
,
but
also
denied
that
the
Commonwealth
could
stand
,
so
long
as
he
were
safe
?
All
which
Ornaments
of
the
City
,
it
shames
me
to
relate
it
,
were
all
kept
off
by
the
shield
of
Justice
.
5.
What!
M.
Cicero
,
who
by
the
warfare
of
the
Law
attained
to
the
highest
Honours
and
the
noblest
place
of
Dignity
,
was
he
not
as
a
witness
thrown
out
of
the
very
Camp
of
his
Eloquence
,
while
he
swore
that
Clodius
was
at
his
house
in
Rome
?
for
by
that
one
argument
of
his
absence
,
the
Prisoner
fended
off
the
villany
which
he
had
committed
.
And
so
the
Judges
rather
chose
to
acquit
Clodius
of
the
Incest
,
than
Cicero
of
the
Infamy
of
Perjury
.
6.
Among
so
many
Witnesses
of
high
degree
,
I
will
relate
one
,
whose
authority
is
confirmed
by
a
new
manner
of
reasoning
in
Court
.
Publius
Servilius
,
a
Consul
,
a
Censor
,
a
Triumpher
,
who
added
the
name
of
Isauricus
to
that
of
his
Ancestors
,
when
walking
by
the
Court
he
saw
several
Witnesses
produced
against
a
Criminal
,
he
placed
himself
among
the
Witnesses
,
and
to
the
great
admiration
of
the
Parties
Friends
and
Accusers
,
thus
began
:
This
person
,
said
he
,
most
reverend
Judges
,
that
pleads
,
what
Countrey
he
is
of
,
or
what
course
of
life
he
leads
,
or
whether
he
be
deservedly
or
wrongfully
accused
,
I
know
not
:
But
this
I
know
,
that
meeting
me
once
in
the
Laurentine
Way
,
as
I
was
travelling
along
,
in
a
very
narrow
passage
,
he
would
not
alight
from
his
horse
;
which
whether
it
belong
to
your
cognizance
,
I
know
not
,
do
you
consider
that
;
I
thought
it
not
fit
to
conceal
this
matter
.
Presently
the
Judges
condemned
the
Party
,
scarce
hearing
any
other
Witnesses
.
For
the
Grandeur
of
the
Speaker
prevailed
with
them
,
and
his
Indignation
at
the
contempt
of
his
neglected
Dignity
;
believing
that
he
,
that
scorn'd
to
reverence
Princes
,
would
not
stick
to
run
into
any
wickedness
.
CHAP.
VI.
Of
those
who
committed
themselves
what
they
revenged
in
others
.
-
1.
C.
Lic
.
Hoplomachus
.
-
2.
C.
Marius
,
six
times
Consul
.
-
3.
C.
Licinius
Calvus
Stolo
.
-
4.
Q.
Varius
Ibrida
.
NOr
must
we
pass
over
in
silence
those
,
who
committed
themselves
what
they
condemned
in
others
,
1.
C.
Licinius
sirnamed
Hoplomachus
,
desired
of
the
Praetor
that
his
Father
might
be
deprived
of
his
estate
,
as
one
that
consumed
it
.
What
he
requested
he
obtained
.
But
he
himself
,
in
a
short
time
after
,
when
the
Old-man
was
dead
,
presently
wasted
a
great
sum
of
Money
,
and
several
Farms
left
him
by
his
Father
.
Worthy
that
vicissitude
of
punishment
;
as
one
that
rather
chose
to
consume
his
estate
,
than
take
it
as
an
Heir
.
2
C
Marius
had
acted
the
part
of
a
great
and
faithful
Citizen
,
in
ruining
or
L.
Saturninus
,
who
held
forth
a
Cap
to
the
Slaves
,
like
an
Ensigne
,
inviting
them
to
take
up
Armes
.
But
when
Sylla
invaded
the
City
with
his
Army
,
he
himself
fled
to
the
assistance
of
the
Slaves
,
by
holding
forth
the
Cap
,
as
the
other
had
done
.
Therefore
while
he
imitates
a
fact
which
he
had
punished
,
he
found
another
Marius
,
to
ruine
him
himself
.
3.
But
Caius
Licinius
Stolo
,
by
whom
the
Plebeians
were
empowred
to
sue
for
the
Consulship
,
when
he
had
made
a
Law
that
no
man
should
possess
above
five
hundred
Acres
of
Land
,
he
purchas'd
a
thousand
himself
;
and
to
cover
the
matter
,
made
over
the
half
to
his
Son
.
For
which
reason
being
prosecuted
by
Popilius
Laenas
,
he
was
the
first
that
fell
by
his
own
Law
:
And
taught
us
,
that
nothing
ought
to
be
imposed
,
but
what
every
one
first
imposes
upon
himself
.
4.
Q.
Varius
,
because
of
the
obscurity
of
the
place
where
he
was
born
,
sirnamed
Ibrida
,
or
half-Citizen
,
being
a
Tribune
of
the
People
,
made
a
Law
against
the
Intercession
of
the
Colledge
of
Tribunes
;
wherein
there
was
a
command
to
enquire
by
whose
treachery
the
Allies
were
stirr'd
to
take
up
Armes
,
to
the
great
detriment
of
the
Commonwealth
.
For
first
he
stirred
up
the
War
of
the
Allies
,
and
then
the
Civil
War
.
But
while
he
acts
the
part
of
a
pestiferous
Tribune
,
before
that
of
a
certain
Citizen
,
his
own
Law
cut
him
off
,
entangled
in
his
own
domestick
snares
.
CHAP.
VII
.
Of
Study
and
Industry
.
Among
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
M.
Cato
the
Greater
.
-
2.
Cato
of
Utica
.
-
3.
M.
Terentius
Varro
.
-
4.
C.
Livius
Drusus
.
-
5.
Paulus
the
Senator
and
Pontius
Lupus
.
-
6.
Crassus
Mutianus
.
-
7.
Q.
Roscius
,
the
Comedian
.
FORREIGNERS
.
-
1.
Demosthenes
of
Athens
.
-
2.
Pythagoras
of
Samos
.
-
3.
Plato
of
Athens
,
-
4.
Democritus
of
Abdera
.
-
5.
Carneades
the
Cyrenaean
.
-
6.
Anaxagoras
the
Clazomenian
.
-
7.
Archimedes
of
Syracuse
.
-
8.
Socrates
the
Athenian
..
-
9.
Isocrates
the
Athenian
.
-
10.
Chrysippus
of
Tarsus
.
-
11.
Cleanthes
of
Assium
.
-
12.
Sophocles
of
Athens
.
-
13.
Simonides
of
Ceji.
-
14.
Solon
of
Athens
.
-
15.
Themistocles
of
Athens
.
WHerefore
do
I
delay
to
commemorate
the
force
of
Industry
?
By
whose
active
spirit
the
Stipends
of
Warfare
are
corroboraetd
,
and
the
glory
of
the
Forum
is
enflamed
;
all
Studies
are
cherished
in
her
faithful
breast
:
Whatever
is
performed
by
the
Hand
,
by
the
Minde
,
by
the
Tongue
,
by
her
is
added
to
the
heap
of
applause
;
which
being
an
admirable
vertue
,
strengthens
her self
yet
more
by
her
own
Constancy
.
1.
Cato
in
the
fourscore
and
sixth
year
of
his
age
,
while
he
persists
with
a
youthful
vigour
in
defending
the
Commonwealth
,
accused
of
a
Capital
Crime
by
his
Enemies
,
pleaded
his
own
Cause
:
Yet
no
man
ever
observed
so
large
a
Memory
,
a
greater
strength
of
Body
,
or
less
hesitation
of
Speech
.
Because
he
kept
all
those
things
in
equal
condition
,
and
perpetually
exercised
by
Industry
.
And
at
the
very
conclusion
of
his
laborious
life
,
he
opposed
his
own
most
eloquent
Defence
to
the
Accusation
of
Galba
touching
Spain
,
The
same
person
desired
to
learn
the
Greek
Language
:
How
late
,
we
may
thence
guess
,
in
that
he
was
an
old
man
before
he
learnt
to
read
Latine
.
But
when
he
had
won
great
Honour
by
his
Eloquence
,
he
did
it
to
make
himself
skilful
in
the
Civil
Law
.
2.
Whose
wonderful
Offspring
,
nearer
to
our
age
,
Cato
also
,
burn't
with
such
a
desire
of
learning
,
that
in
the
very
Court
it self
,
before
the
Senate
fill'd
,
he
would
be
reading
Greeks
Books
.
By
which
Industry
he
shewed
that
some
want
time
,
others
have
more
than
they
need
.
3.
But
Terentius
Varro
,
an
Example
of
Humane
Life
,
and
one
that
might
be
truly
call'd
,
A
space
of
years
;
not
so
much
for
his
years
,
which
were
equal
to
an
Age
of
Time
,
as
for
the
vivacity
of
his
Style
.
For
in
the
same
Bed
his
Breath
,
and
the
course
of
his
egregious
Works
expired
.
4.
Livius
Drusus
,
man
of
the
same
perseverance
,
who
defective
in
vigour
of
Age
and
Eye-sight
,
most
bountifully
interpreted
the
Civil
Law
to
the
People
,
and
composed
most
profitable
Monuments
for
them
that
desire
to
learn
if
.
For
though
Nature
might
make
him
old
,
and
Fortune
blind
,
yet
neither
could
prevent
him
from
being
vigorous
and
quick-sighted
in
minde
.
5.
But
Paulus
the
Senator
,
and
Pontius
Lupus
a
Roman
Knight
,
famous
Pleaders
in
their
times
,
having
both
lost
their
sight
,
with
the
same
Industry
continued
at
the
Bar.
Therefore
were
they
also
more
frequently
heard
,
amid
the
concourses
of
some
that
were
delighted
with
their
Wit
,
and
of
others
that
admir'd
their
Constancy
.
For
they
that
are
disheartned
by
such
Misfortunes
,
generally
desire
dismission
,
adding
voluntary
to
fortuitous
darkness
.
6.
Now
P.
Crassus
,
when
he
came
Consul
into
Asia
against
King
Aristonicus
,
with
so
much
care
he
comprehended
in
his
minde
the
knowledge
of
the
Greeks
tongue
,
that
he
understood
it
,
though
divided
into
five
Dialects
,
in
all
its
parts
and
quantities
.
Which
mightily
won
him
the
love
of
the
Allies
,
while
he
answered
every
one
in
the
Language
wherein
they
made
their
requests
before
his
Tribunal
.
7.
Let
not
Roscius
be
left
out
,
a
notable
Example
of
Theatrical
Industry
,
who
never
exposed
to
the
People
any
other
Action
or
Gesture
,
but
what
he
had
studied
before
at
his
own
house
.
Therefore
did
not
the
Art
of
Playing
make
Roscius
esteemed
,
but
Roscius
made
the
Art
of
Playing
esteemed
;
whereby
he
obtained
not
onely
the
favour
of
the
people
,
but
the
familiarity
of
Princes
.
These
are
the
rewards
of
an
intent
,
anxious
,
and
never-ceasing
Study
:
For
which
reason
the
person
of
a
Player
is
not
impudently
inserted
among
the
praises
of
so
many
great
men
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
The
Grecian
Industry
also
,
because
it
was
very
advantageous
to
ours
,
ought
to
receive
the
fruit
which
it
deserves
from
the
Latine
Tongue
.
Demosthenes
,
upon
the
mentioning
of
whose
name
arises
in
the
thoughts
of
the
hearers
the
perfection
of
the
greatest
Eloquence
,
when
in
his
youth
he
could
not
pronounce
the
first
Letter
of
the
Art
which
he
so
much
affected
,
with
so
much
labour
vanquished
the
defect
:
of
Pronunciation
,
that
no
man
ever
pronounced
it
naturally
more
freely
.
Then
again
,
having
a
shrill
squeaking
Voice
,
harsh
to
the
ear
,
he
brought
it
at
length
to
a
grave
and
acceptable
Tone
.
Then
being
but
a
weakly
man
,
he
borrowed
from
labour
and
practice
,
that
strength
of
Body
which
nature
had
denied
him
.
For
he
comprehended
several
Sentences
in
one
breath
,
and
pronounced
them
walking
up
hill
with
a
swift
pace
.
And
standing
upon
the
Sea-side
,
made
his
Declamations
to
the
roaring
of
the
Waves
,
that
he
might
enure
his
ears
with
patience
to
the
clamours
and
noises
of
tumultuous
Assemblies
.
He
is
reported
also
to
have
accustomed
himself
to
speak
much
and
long
with
stones
held
in
his
mouth
,
that
he
might
speak
with
more
freedom
when
it
was
empty
.
He
warred
against
Nature
,
and
came
off
Victor
;
with
a
most
obstinate
strength
of
minde
overcoming
her
malignity
.
2.
And
that
we
may
ascend
to
a
more
antient
act
of
Industry
,
Pythagoras
,
a
most
perfect
work
of
wisdome
from
his
Childhood
,
and
inflamed
with
a
desire
of
understanding
all
Honesty
and
Vertue
,
went
into
Egypt
,
where
being
accustomed
to
the
language
,
he
search'd
the
Commentaries
of
all
the
antient
Priests
,
and
brought
away
the
Observations
of
innumerable
Ages
.
Then
travelling
into
Persia
,
he
delivered
himself
up
to
be
taught
by
the
exact
prudence
of
the
Magi
:
From
whom
he
treasur'd
up
in
his
docible
minde
the
Motions
of
the
Stars
;
their
Courses
,
their
Effects
,
Properties
,
and
Force
,
being
courteously
explained
to
him
.
From
thence
he
visited
Creet
and
Lacedaemon
,
into
whose
Laws
and
Manners
having
made
inspection
,
he
descended
to
the
Olympian
Games
;
where
when
,
to
the
admiration
of
all
Greece
,
he
had
given
evident
demonstration
of
his
multiplied
knowledge
,
being
ask'd
by
what
Title
he
went
by
,
he
made
answer
,
that
he
was
not
Wise
,
(
for
that
title
belong'd
only
to
the
seven
most
excellent
men
)
but
a
Lover
of
Wisdome
.
He
also
travelled
into
part
of
Italy
,
then
called
the
bigger
Graecia
,
in
the
chiefest
and
richest
Cities
whereof
he
shewed
the
effects
of
his
Studies
.
Whose
burning
Funeral-Pile
Metapontus
beheld
with
eyes
full
of
veneration
:
A
Town
more
famous
for
Pythagoras
Tomb
,
than
the
monument
of
its
own
ashes
.
3.
Plato
having
Athens
for
his
place
of
Nativity
,
and
Socrates
for
his
Master
,
both
place
and
man
fertil
in
Learning
;
fraught
also
himself
with
a
celestial
abundance
of
Wit
,
when
he
was
accounted
the
wisest
of
all
Mortals
,
to
that
degree
,
that
if
Jupiter
should
descend
from
Heaven
,
he
could
not
make
use
of
a
more
elegant
or
happier
Eloquence
;
yet
for
all
this
he
travell'd
to
Egypt
,
where
he
learnt
from
the
Priests
of
that
Nation
,
the
manifold
secrets
of
Geometry
,
and
the
reason
of
their
Celestial
Observations
.
And
at
the
same
time
that
the
studious
Gentlemen
of
Athens
sought
for
Plato
,
whom
every
one
strove
to
have
his
Tutor
,
he
by
visiting
the
riddle-like
Banks
of
Nile
,
and
vast
Regions
,
extended
Barbarisme
,
and
the
winding
Canals
of
a
strange
Countrey
,
of
an
Ancient
Master
became
a
Scholar
.
No
wonder
then
that
he
travell'd
into
Italy
,
there
from
Archytas
of
Tarentum
,
Timaeus
,
Arion
and
Caetus
of
Locri
,
to
learn
the
precepts
of
Pythagoras
.
For
so
great
a
plenty
,
so
great
an
abundance
of
Learning
was
every
where
to
be
collected
,
that
it
might
easily
be
dispersed
from
one
place
to
another
,
through
the
whole
world
.
He
had
also
under
his
head
at
above
fourscore
years
of
age
,
when
he
lay
a
dying
,
the
jeasts
of
Sophron.
So
that
the
last
hour
of
his
Life
was
not
free
from
the
exercise
of
Study
.
4.
But
Democritus
,
for
all
his
vast
wealth
,
which
was
so
great
,
that
his
Father
could
have
given
a
Banquet
to
the
Army
of
Xerxes
,
that
his
minde
might
be
more
free
for
the
study
of
Letters
,
keeping
a
small
pittance
to
himself
,
gave
all
the
rest
to
his
Countrey
.
Then
abiding
at
Athens
for
several
years
,
spending
all
his
time
in
gaining
and
practising
learning
,
he
liv'd
unknown
in
the
City
,
as
he
testifies
in
a
certain
Volume
.
I
am
in
a
maze
at
so
much
Industry
,
and
therefore
must
go
on
.
5.
Carneades
was
a
laborious
and
diuturnal
Souldier
of
Wisdome's
:
For
after
the
expiration
of
ninety
years
,
he
made
one
end
of
Living
and
Philosophizing
.
He
had
so
addicted
himself
to
the
works
of
Learning
,
that
when
he
sate
down
to
eat
,
busie
in
his
thoughts
,
he
would
forget
to
reach
his
meat
.
But
Melissa
,
whom
he
kept
as
a
Wife
,
dutiful
to
supply
his
hunger
,
never
went
to
interrupt
him
,
but
fed
him
.
So
that
he
lived
only
in
his
Soul
,
which
was
encompass'd
with
a
superfluous
body
.
Being
to
dispute
with
Chrysippus
,
he
purged
his
body
before-hand
with
Hellebore
,
to
explain
his
own
minde
more
attentively
,
and
refel
his
adversary
more
powerfully
.
Which
Potions
he
made
afterwards
to
be
coveted
on
purpose
by
such
as
were
covetous
of
applause
.
6.
What
can
we
think
was
the
zeal
of
Anaxagoras
for
Learning
?
Who
returning
home
after
a
long
Travel
,
and
seeing
his
estate
lye
untill'd
and
waste
;
I
had
not
been
safe
,
said
he
,
had
not
these
decayed
.
An
expression
becoming
far-fetch'd
Wisdome
.
For
had
he
labour'd
more
in
the
manuring
his
Lands
than
his
Minde
,
he
had
remained
Master
of
his
family
at
home
,
but
had
not
returned
into
his
Country
the
great
Anaxagoras
.
7.
I
might
say
that
the
Industry
of
Archimedes
was
very
profitable
,
but
that
it
gave
him
life
,
and
took
it
from
him
again
.
For
when
Syracuse
was
taken
Marcellus
was
sensible
that
his
Victory
was
much
delayed
by
his
Engines
,
yet
infinitely
taken
with
the
Prudence
of
the
person
,
he
commanded
the
Souldiers
to
spare
his
Life
;
assuming
perhaps
almost
as
much
glory
in
saving
Archimedes
,
as
in
destroying
Syracuse
.
But
while
Archimedes
was
making
Figures
with
his
minde
and
eyes
fixed
upon
the
ground
,
a
Souldier
,
that
was
broken
into
his
house
to
plunder
,
with
his
drawn
Sword
asked
him
who
he
was
.
The
Philosopher
was
so
intent
,
that
he
return'd
him
no
direct
Answer
,
but
parting
the
dust
with
his
finger
,
Have
a
care
,
said
he
,
of
spoyling
this
Circle
.
Thereupon
,
as
one
that
slighted
the
Victor
of
the
Empire
,
the
Souldier
cut
off
his
Head
,
and
blended
his
blood
with
the
Lineaments
of
his
Art
.
Thus
the
same
Study
gave
him
his
Life
,
and
deprived
him
of
it
again
.
8.
Most
certain
it
is
that
Socrates
,
when
he
was
stricken
in
years
,
began
to
learn
Musick
;
believing
it
better
to
learn
that
Art
,
late
than
never
.
How
little
an
accession
of
knowledge
was
that
to
Socrates
?
Yet
the
obstinate
Industry
of
the
person
,
to
so
much
wealth
and
treasure
of
Learning
,
would
also
adde
the
profitable
Elements
of
Musick
.
Thus
while
he
thought
himself
poor
lo
learn
,
he
made
himself
rich
to
teach
.
9.
And
that
we
may
reduce
the
Examples
of
a
long
and
successful
Industry
to
one
head
;
Isocrates
compos'd
that
most
noble
Book
,
entitled
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
when
he
was
fourscore
and
four
years
of
Age
,
yet
a
work
full
of
life
and
spirit
.
By
which
it
appears
,
that
the
members
of
learned
men
growing
old
,
yet
their
Minds
,
by
the
benefit
of
Industry
,
retain
the
full
vigour
of
Youth
.
Nor
did
he
end
his
days
,
till
he
had
five
years
enjoyed
the
fruit
of
the
admiration
of
his
work
.
10.
Lesser
bounds
terminated
the
life
of
Chrysippus
,
yet
was
he
not
short-liv'd
;
for
he
left
behind
him
the
thirty
ninth
Book
of
his
Logicks
,
a
book
of
exact
nicety
,
begun
in
the
Eightieth
Year
of
his
Age.
Whose
Study
in
delivering
the
monuments
of
his
Wit
,
took
up
so
much
time
and
labour
,
that
a
longer
life
would
be
requisite
to
understand
the
depth
of
his
writings
.
11.
Thee
also
,
Cleanthes
,
so
industrious
in
searching
after
,
and
so
laboriously
delivering
Wisdome
,
the
Deity
of
Industry
could
not
but
admire
;
when
she
beheld
thee
in
thy
youth
,
maintaining
thy self
by
carrying
water
in
the
Night
,
in
the
Day
a
diligent
hearer
of
Chrysippus
,
and
till
the
Hundredth
year
within
one
,
with
attentive
care
instructing
thy
Disciples
.
With
a
double
labour
thou
hast
taken
up
the
space
of
one
Age
,
making
it
uncertain
,
whether
thou
wert
a
better
Scholar
or
a
Master
.
12.
Sopholces
had
also
a
glorious
combat
with
Nature
,
as
liberal
of
his
wonderful
Works
,
as
she
was
liberal
in
giving
him
long
Time
to
compose
them
.
For
he
lived
near
an
Hundred
years
,
his
Oedipus
Coloneus
being
written
by
him
just
before
his
death
.
By
which
one
Tragedy
he
won
the
honour
from
all
the
Poets
in
that
way
:
Which
Jophon
,
the
Son
of
Sophocles
,
would
not
have
concealed
from
Posterity
,
and
therefore
caused
it
to
be
inscribed
upon
his
Fathers
Tomb.
13.
Simonides
the
Poet
at
Fourscore
years
of
Age
boasts
himself
,
that
he
taught
Verses
,
and
contended
for
the
prize
at
those
years
.
Nor
was
it
but
reason
that
he
should
long
enjoy
the
fruit
of
his
own
Wit
,
who
was
himself
to
communicate
them
for
the
benefit
of
eternity
.
14.
Now
for
Solon
,
how
industrious
he
was
,
he
has
declared
in
his
Verses
:
Wherein
he
signifies
,
that
he
grew
old
,
always
learning
something
;
and
the
last
day
of
his
life
confirmed
it
.
For
as
his
Friends
were
sitting
by
him
,
and
discoursing
among
themselves
upon
some
subject
or
other
,
he
listed
up
his
head
,
then
just
about
to
bow
to
fate
;
and
being
asked
why
he
did
so
;
That
when
I
understand
,
said
he
,
what
it
is
you
are
disputing
upon
,
I
may
dye
.
Certainly
Sloath
had
bin
banished
from
among
mankinde
,
if
all
men
should
come
into
the
world
with
the
same
Spirit
that
Solon
le●t
it
.
15.
How
great
was
the
Industry
of
Themistocles
!
Who
though
he
had
the
care
of
the
greatest
affairs
of
his
Countrey
upon
his
shoulders
,
yet
was
able
to
remember
the
particular
names
of
all
his
fellow-Citizens
.
And
being
through
high
Injustice
driv'n
from
his
Countrey
,
and
compell'd
to
fly
to
Xerxes
,
whom
a
little
before
he
had
vanquish'd
in
battle
,
before
he
came
into
his
presence
,
he
accustom'd
himself
to
the
Persian
language
,
that
having
purchas'd
commendation
by
labour
,
he
might
render
the
Tone
of
his
voice
familiar
,
and
so
customary
to
the
Kings
ear
.
16.
The
Applause
of
both
which
sorts
of
Industry
,
two
Kings
divided
between
them
:
Cyrus
remembring
all
the
names
of
his
Souldiers
;
Mithridates
learning
two
and
twenty
several
Tongues
spoken
within
his
Dominions
.
This
first
,
that
he
might
address
himself
to
his
Army
without
a
Director
:
The
other
,
that
he
might
discourse
to
the
people
,
whom
he
govern'd
,
without
an
Interpreter
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
Ease
praised
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
P.
Aemilianus
and
C.
Laelius
.
-
2.
Mutius
Scaevola
,
Augur
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Socrates
of
Athens
.
-
2.
Achilles
in
Homer
.
EAse
,
because
it
seems
to
be
contrary
to
Industry
,
but
chiefly
to
Labour
,
ought
to
be
briefly
touch'd
upon
:
Not
that
which
extinguishes
,
but
which
recreates
Vertue
.
For
the
sloathful
ought
to
avoid
the
one
,
and
the
brave
and
stout
may
desire
the
other
.
They
,
that
they
may
not
live
like
Drones
;
these
,
that
by
a
seasonable
intermission
from
toyl
,
they
may
be
the
fitter
for
Labour
.
1.
The
famous
pair
of
Friends
,
Scipio
and
Laelius
,
united
together
not
only
by
the
bond
of
Love
,
but
by
an
association
of
all
other
Vertues
;
as
they
perform'd
the
journey
of
a
painful
life
with
equal
steps
,
so
they
generally
relax'd
from
business
by
consent
.
For
it
is
certain
,
that
at
Caieta
and
Laurentum
,
they
used
to
gather
up
Shells
and
little
Stones
upon
the
Shoar
.
And
this
L.
Crassus
often
reported
from
the
mouth
of
Q.
Scaevola
,
who
was
Son-in-Law
to
Laelius
.
2.
As
for
Scaevola
,
as
he
was
the
most
certain
witness
of
their
Relaxation
,
so
he
himself
was
wont
to
play
at
Ball
;
having
us'd
to
delight
himself
in
that
sort
of
exercise
,
when
the
weight
of
his
business
was
over
.
Sometimes
he
was
wont
to
spend
his
time
at
Chess
and
Tables
,
after
he
had
bin
long
ordering
the
Rights
of
his
Citizens
,
and
the
Ceremonies
of
his
Gods
.
For
as
he
acted
Scaevola
in
serious
things
,
so
he
shewed
himself
but
only
Man
in
his
Sports
and
Recreations
,
as
whom
Nature
will
not
suffer
to
abide
continual
Labour
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
This
Socrates
saw
,
to
whom
no
part
of
Wisdom
was
obscure
:
which
made
him
that
he
did
not
blush
,
when
Alcibiades
,
setting
a
reed
between
his
legs
,
laugh'd
at
him
for
playing
with
his
little
Children
.
2.
Homer
,
a
Poet
of
a
Celestial
Wit
,
seem'd
to
be
of
the
same
minde
,
when
he
fitted
the
soft
Harp
to
the
Martial
fingers
of
Achilles
,
to
ease
their
Military
pain
with
the
soft
recreations
of
Peace
.
CHAP.
IX
.
Of
the
force
of
Eloquence
.
In
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Mu.
Valerius
Maximus
Dictator
.
-
2.
Marcus
Antonius
the
Orator
.
-
3.
C.
Aurelius
Cotta
.
STRANGERS
.
-
1.
Pisistratus
of
Athens
.
-
2.
Pericles
of
Athens
.
-
3.
Hegesias
of
Cyrene
.
THough
it
be
certain
that
the
force
of
Eloquence
is
infinitely
prevalent
;
yet
is
it
convenient
that
it
should
be
displayed
under
proper
Examples
,
to
the
end
the
power
thereof
may
be
the
better
testified
.
1.
The
Kings
being
ejected
,
the
Common-people
in
dissention
with
the
Fathers
,
betook
themselves
to
Armes
,
and
pitch'd
upon
the
Banks
of
the
River
Anio
,
upon
the
holy
Hill
.
So
that
the
state
of
the
Common
wealth
was
not
only
bad
,
but
in
a
most
miserable
condition
,
the
rest
of
the
body
being
divided
from
the
head
.
And
unless
Eloquence
had
befriended
Valerius
,
the
hopes
of
so
great
an
Empire
had
bin
ruin'd
in
its
Infancy
.
For
he
by
an
Oration
reduc'd
the
people
,
glorying
in
a
new
and
unwonted
freedome
,
to
their
obedience
to
the
Senate
,
brought
them
to
take
sober
counsels
,
and
joyn'd
the
City
to
the
City
.
Therefore
to
eloquent
words
,
Wrath
,
Consternation
and
Armes
gave
way
.
2.
Which
also
restrain'd
the
Swords
of
Marius
and
Cinna
,
raging
with
an
impetuous
desire
of
shedding
Civil
blood
.
For
certain
Souldiers
being
sent
by
their
Captains
to
take
off
the
Head
of
M.
Antonius
,
stupified
with
his
language
,
they
return'd
their
drawn
Swords
unstain'd
with
blood
into
their
Scabbards
.
Who
being
gone
,
P.
Antronius
,
who
had
not
heard
the
voice
of
Mar.
Antonius
to
the
Souldiers
,
performed
the
severe
command
,
barbarously
obsequious
to
his
Masters
.
How
eloquent
therefore
may
we
think
him
to
be
,
whom
none
of
his
Enemies
durst
adventure
to
kill
,
who
would
but
admit
his
charming
language
to
his
ears
!
3.
Divine
Julius
,
the
perfect
Pillar
as
well
of
the
celestial
Deities
as
of
humane
Wit
,
demonstrated
the
force
of
his
own
Eloquence
,
saying
in
his
Accusation
of
Cn.
Dolabella
,
whom
he
convicted
of
Bribery
,
that
the
best
cause
in
the
world
had
been
extorted
from
him
by
the
Patronage
of
C.
Cotta
.
For
then
the
greatest
force
of
Eloquence
complain'd
.
Of
which
having
made
mention
,
because
I
can
bring
no
greater
Example
at
home
,
we
must
travel
abroad
.
STRANGERS
.
1.
Pisistratus
is
reported
to
have
prevail'd
so
far
by
speaking
,
that
the
Athenians
taken
only
with
his
Oration
,
permitted
him
the
Regal
Sway
:
And
,
which
was
more
,
when
Solon
,
the
greatest
Lover
of
his
Countrey
,
endeavoured
all
he
could
to
the
contrary
.
2.
But
Pericles
,
together
with
his
happy
endowments
of
Nature
,
carefully
polish'd
and
instructed
by
his
Master
Anaxageras
,
laid
the
yoak
of
Servitude
upon
the
free
necks
of
the
Athenians
.
For
he
swayed
the
City
,
and
carried
affairs
which
way
he
pleas'd
.
And
when
he
spoke
against
the
Will
of
the
People
,
his
language
nevertheless
was
pleasing
and
popular
.
and
therefore
the
calumniating
Wit
of
the
Old
Comedy
,
though
it
would
be
snarling
at
his
Power
,
yet
consess'd
,
that
there
was
an
Elequence
sweeter
than
Honey
that
hung
upon
his
Lips
;
and
that
it
left
certain
stings
in
the
mindes
of
them
that
heard
it
.
It
is
reported
that
a
certain
person
,
who
being
very
old
,
chanc'd
to
hear
the
very
first
Oration
of
Pericles
a
young
man
,
who
at
the
same
time
had
heard
Pisistratus
then
decrepit
with
age
,
could
not
contain
himself
from
crying
out
,
That
that
Citizen
ought
to
be
lookt
after
,
because
his
Oration
was
most
like
to
the
Oration
of
Pisistratus
.
Neither
did
the
man
sail
in
his
judgment
of
the
Speech
,
nor
the
presage
of
his
disposition
.
For
what
was
the
difference
between
Pisistratus
and
Pericles
,
but
that
the
first
held
the
Government
by
force
of
Armes
,
the
other
governed
without
force
?
3.
What
may
we
think
of
the
Eloquence
of
Hegesias
the
Cyrenian
?
Who
so
represented
the
miseries
of
Life
,
that
his
words
taking
deep
root
in
the
hearts
of
his
hearers
,
begot
a
desire
in
many
to
seek
a
voluntary
Death
?
And
therefore
he
was
forbid
by
King
Ptolomie
to
dispute
any
farther
upon
that
subject
.
CHAP.
X.
Of
Pronuntiation
,
and
apt
Motion
of
the
Body
.
In
ROMANS
.
-
1.
C.
Gracchus
.
-
2.
Q.
Hortensius
.
-
3.
M.
Tullius
.
STRANGERS
.
-
1.
Demosthenes
the
Athenian
.
BUt
the
Ornaments
of
Eloquence
consist
in
apt
Motion
of
the
Body
,
and
due
Pronuntiation
:
Wherewith
when
she
has
furnished
her self
,
she
assails
men
three
ways
;
by
invading
their
Mindes
,
and
delivering
up
the
ears
of
the
one
and
the
eyes
of
the
other
to
over-persuasion
.
1.
But
to
make
this
good
in
famous
men
;
C.
Gracchus
,
more
happy
in
his
Eloquence
than
his
Designes
,
because
he
strove
with
a
turbulent
Wit
rather
to
disturb
than
defend
the
Commonwealth
,
as
often
as
he
spoke
to
the
People
,
had
a
Servant
that
understood
Music
behinde
him
,
who
with
an
Ivory
Pipe
regulated
the
tone
of
his
Voice
,
raising
the
note
when
it
was
too
low
,
and
pitching
it
lower
when
it
was
too
high
and
eager
:
Because
heat
and
violence
of
action
,
did
not
suffer
him
to
be
a
true
Judge
of
the
equality
.
2.
Quintus
Hortensius
thinking
there
was
very
much
to
be
ascribed
to
a
decent
and
comly
motion
of
the
Body
,
spent
more
time
in
practising
that
,
than
in
studying
for
Eloquence
.
So
that
it
was
hard
to
know
,
whether
the
Concourse
were
greater
to
hear
or
see
him
:
So
mutually
did
his
Aspect
serve
his
words
,
and
his
words
his
Aspect
.
And
therefore
it
is
certain
,
that
Roscius
and
Aesopus
,
the
most
skilful
Actors
in
the
world
,
would
be
always
in
Court
when
Hortensius
pleaded
,
to
carry
away
his
postures
to
the
Stage
.
3.
Now
as
for
M.
Cicero
,
he
has
himself
declar'd
,
how
great
a
value
he
set
upon
both
these
things
,
of
which
we
have
discours'd
,
in
his
Oration
for
Gallius
,
reproaching
Callidius
the
Accuser
,
that
when
he
affirm'd
that
he
would
prove
by
Witnesses
,
Writings
,
and
Examinations
,
that
the
Party
accus'd
had
prepared
poyson
for
him
,
he
did
it
with
a
smooth
Countenance
,
a
faint
Voice
,
and
a
calm
manner
of
speaking
,
whereby
he
detected
as
well
the
fault
of
the
Orator
,
as
the
argument
of
his
weak
cause
,
concluding
thus
;
Couldst
thou
do
thus
,
M.
Calidus
,
unless
thou
didst
but
counterfeit
?
STRANGERS
.
1.
Consentaneous
to
this
was
the
judgment
of
Demosthenes
,
who
being
ask'd
what
was
the
most
efficacious
part
that
belong'd
to
speaking
,
answered
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
or
dissimulation
of
Speech
and
Gesture
.
Being
again
and
a
third
time
asked
the
same
question
,
he
gave
the
same
answer
;
confessing
that
he
owed
almost
all
to
it
.
Therefore
was
it
rightly
said
of
Aeschines
,
who
leaving
Athens
because
of
the
Judicial
Ignominy
put
upon
him
,
and
going
to
Rhodes
,
when
he
had
there
repeated
his
own
Oration
against
Ctesiphon
,
and
the
Oration
of
Demosthenes
for
him
,
with
a
loud
and
pleasing
voice
,
and
that
all
admir'd
the
Eloquence
of
both
,
but
somewhat
more
that
of
Demosthenes
;
What
would
ye
have
said
,
replied
he
,
had
ye
heard
him
himself
?
So
highly
did
so
great
an
Orator
,
and
now
so
inveterate
an
enemy
,
adore
the
force
and
efficacy
of
his
Adversaries
Eloquence
;
confessing
himself
not
to
be
a
competent
reader
of
his
works
:
having
experimented
the
vigour
of
his
Eyes
,
the
weight
of
his
Countenance
,
and
the
perswasive
Motions
of
his
Body
.
And
therefore
nothing
can
be
added
to
the
work
:
yet
in
Demosthenes
a
great
part
of
Demosthenes
is
absent
,
which
is
read
rather
,
than
heard
.
CHAP.
XI
.
Of
the
rare
effects
of
the
Arts.
Among
the
Romans
.
-
1.
In
the
Astrology
of
C.
Sulpitius
Gallus
.
-
2.
In
the
Divination
of
Spurina
.
Among
Strangers
.
-
1.
Pericles's
Astrology
.
-
2.
Apelles
'
s
painting
,
and
Lysippus
the
Statuary's
Art
.
-
3.
Alcamenes
's
Vulcan
.
-
4.
Praxiteles
's
Venus
.
-
5.
Euphranor
's
Neptune
.
-
6.
Timanthes
's
Agamemnon
.
-
7.
Nealces
's
Horse
.
THe
Effects
also
of
the
Arts
repeated
may
afford
something
of
pleasure
:
Whereby
it
will
appear
immediately
how
profitably
they
were
invented
.
Things
worth
remembrance
will
be
treasur'd
up
in
a
light
place
;
and
the
labour
of
bringing
them
forth
,
will
not
want
its
reward
.
1.
The
great
care
of
Sulpitius
Gallus
to
furnish
himself
with
all
manner
of
Learning
,
was
very
profitable
to
the
Commonwealth
.
For
being
Lieutenant-General
to
L.
Paulus
,
waging
War
against
Perseus
,
and
the
Moon
happening
to
be
ecclpsed
in
a
fair
Night
,
whereby
our
Army
was
so
terrified
,
looking
upon
it
as
some
strange
Prodigy
,
that
they
had
almost
lost
all
their
Courage
;
he
by
a
skilful
discourse
of
the
order
of
the
heavenly
Bodies
,
and
the
nature
of
the
Stars
,
rid
them
of
all
their
vain
fears
.
So
that
the
Liberal
Arts
of
Gallus
were
in
some
measure
the
occasion
of
that
famous
Victory
of
Paulus
.
For
had
he
not
vanquished
our
Souldiers
fear
,
the
Roman
General
could
not
have
overcome
his
Enemies
.
2.
More
efficacious
was
the
knowledg
of
Spurina
in
following
the
admonitions
of
the
Gods
.
For
he
foretold
to
C.
Caesar
,
that
he
should
have
a
care
of
the
next
thirty
days
as
fatal
,
the
last
of
which
was
the
Ides
of
March
:
Upon
that
day
in
the
morning
,
when
they
both
met
at
the
house
of
Calvinus
Domitius
,
cries
Caesar
to
Spurina
,
Dost
thou
know
that
the
Ides
of
March
are
now
come
?
And
he
,
Dost
thou
not
know
,
that
they
are
not
yet
past
?
The
one
had
cast
off
all
fear
,
believing
the
time
suspected
to
be
over
;
though
the
other
did
not
think
the
last
Minute
to
be
void
of
danger
.
Would
to
Heaven
the
Diviner
had
rather
fail'd
in
his
Augury
,
than
that
the
Parent
of
our
Countrey
had
fail'd
in
his
Security
!
STRANGERS
.
1.
But
to
dive
into
Forreign
effects
;
When
upon
the
Suns
being
eclipsed
upon
a
suddain
;
the
Athenians
were
all
in
a
maze
at
the
unusual
darkness
,
believing
their
own
ruine
to
be
foretold
by
the
Celestial
Portent
;
Pericles
went
into
the
crowd
,
and
discoursed
what
he
had
learnt
from
his
Master
Anaxagoras
,
touching
the
Course
of
the
Sun
and
Moon
:
nor
did
he
permit
his
fellow-Citizens
to
tremble
any
farther
with
vain
fear
.
2.
How
great
was
the
honour
that
Alexander
the
King
gave
to
Art
,
who
would
not
suffer
himself
to
be
painted
by
any
other
but
Apelles
,
nor
to
be
cast
in
Plaister
by
any
other
than
Lysippus
?
3.
The
Vulcan
of
Alcamenes
,
made
with
his
own
hands
,
fixes
the
eyes
of
all
Athens
upon
it
.
For
among
all
the
rest
of
the
foregoing
marks
of
curious
Workmanship
,
they
admire
also
this
,
that
he
stands
with
one
foot
,
hiding
under
his
garment
his
dissembled
Lameness
:
artificially
signifying
not
the
deformity
,
but
the
certain
and
proper
mark
of
the
God
.
4.
Whose
Wife
Praxiteles
place
in
Marble
in
the
Temple
of
the
Gnidians
,
as
it
were
breathing
,
by
reason
of
the
Workmanship
,
not
safe
from
the
lustful
embraces
of
Macareus
the
Perinthian
.
Which
renders
the
errour
of
a
Horse
more
excusable
,
who
seeing
the
Picture
of
a
Mare
,
neigh'd
after
it
:
and
the
barking
of
Dogs
,
at
the
sight
of
a
Dog
painted
;
and
the
Bull
mov'd
to
Lust
,
upon
sight
of
the
brazen
Cow
in
Syracuse
,
cast
to
the
Life
.
For
why
should
we
wonder
to
see
irrational
Creatures
deceived
by
Art
,
when
we
finde
a
sacrilegious
Desire
in
Man
rais'd
up
at
the
sight
of
a
dumb
stone
?
5.
But
Nature
as
she
suffers
Art
sometimes
to
emulate
her
works
,
so
sometimes
she
dismisses
it
,
quite
tir'd
with
labour
in
vain
;
which
the
hands
of
the
famous
Artist
Euphranor
experimented
:
For
when
he
painted
twelve
Gods
at
Athens
,
he
finished
the
Picture
of
Neptune
with
the
most
Majestick
Colours
he
could
invent
,
intending
yet
to
have
outdone
that
in
the
Picture
of
Jupiter
.
But
all
his
Invention
being
exhausted
in
the
former
work
,
his
last
endeavours
could
not
come
near
his
expectation
.
6.
What
shall
we
say
of
that
other
famous
Painter
,
who
representing
the
doleful
Sacrifice
of
Iphigenia
,
when
he
had
placed
about
the
Altar
Calchas
sad
,
Vlysses
sorrowful
,
and
Menelaus
lamenting
,
by
wrapping
up
of
Agamemnon's
face
did
he
not
confess
,
that
the
bitterness
of
the
height
of
grief
could
not
be
exprest
by
Art
?
Therefore
his
Picture
moisten'd
with
the
tears
of
the
Southsayer
,
her
Friends
and
Brother
,
he
left
it
to
Affection
to
judge
of
the
Father's
Grief
.
7.
And
that
I
may
adde
one
Example
of
the
same
Art
;
A
famous
Painter
had
painted
a
Horse
,
new
coming
from
being
hard
exercis'd
,
so
rarely
,
that
all
that
could
be
said
was
,
that
the
Horse
was
not
alive
.
But
when
he
came
to
adde
the
froath
to
his
Nostrils
,
so
great
an
Artist
spent
many
days
without
any
satisfaction
to
himself
.
At
length
,
vexed
to
see
himself
disappointed
,
he
took
up
a
Spunge
that
lay
next
him
bedaub'd
with
all
sorts
of
Colours
,
and
went
about
to
rub
out
his
own
work
.
But
Fortune
directing
his
hand
first
to
the
Nostrils
of
the
Horse
,
the
Spunge
did
that
by
chance
,
which
all
his
Art
could
not
effect
.
So
that
what
his
own
Shadows
could
not
,
Chance
compleated
.
CHAP.
XII
.
That
we
must
yield
to
the
best
Masters
of
Art
.
As
was
done
by
the
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Furius
and
Caesellius
in
the
Praediatorian
Law
.
By
STRANGERS
.
-
1.
Euclid
in
Geometry
.
-
2.
Philo
in
Architecture
.
-
3.
Apelles
in
Painting
.
NOw
that
we
may
not
doubt
but
that
every
one
is
the
best
Actor
and
Discourser
in
his
own
Art
,
let
us
by
a
few
Examples
make
it
appear
.
1.
Q.
Scaevola
,
a
most
famous
and
most
certain
Interpreter
of
the
Law
,
as
often
as
he
was
consulted
upon
the
Praediatorian
Statute
,
sent
his
Clients
to
Furius
and
Caesellius
,
who
studied
that
part
.
Whereby
he
rather
commended
his
own
Moderation
,
than
lessen'd
his
authority
;
confessing
that
they
were
best
able
to
give
advice
in
that
matter
,
whose
daily
practise
it
was
.
Therefore
are
they
the
wisest
Professors
of
their
Art
,
who
have
a
modest
esteem
of
their
own
,
and
a
cunning
respect
for
the
Studies
of
others
.
STRANGERS
.
1.
This
opinion
lodg'd
in
the
learned
breast
of
Plato
.
Who
when
the
Undertakers
came
to
confer
with
him
about
the
manner
and
form
of
the
holy
Tower
,
sent
them
to
Euclid
the
Geometrician
,
giving
way
to
his
Knowledge
and
Profession
.
2.
Athens
glories
in
its
Arsenal
,
not
without
cause
:
For
it
is
a
work
worthy
to
be
seen
for
its
cost
and
Elegance
.
The
Architect
whereof
,
Philo
,
is
said
to
have
given
so
eloquent
an
account
in
the
Theater
of
his
purpose
,
that
the
most
eloquent
of
people
were
sway'd
as
much
by
his
Eloquence
,
as
by
his
Art
.
3.
Wonderfully
was
it
done
by
that
Artist
,
who
suffered
himself
to
be
corrected
by
a
Cobler
,
as
to
the
Shoes
and
the
Latchets
:
But
when
he
began
to
talk
of
the
Thigh
,
forbid
him
to
go
beyond
the
Foot
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
Of
Memorable
Old
Age.
In
ROMANS
.
-
1.
M.
Valerius
Corvus
.
-
2.
L.
Metellus
,
the
High-Priest
.
-
3.
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
.
-
4.
Perpenna
the
Censor
.
-
5.
Appius
Claudius
the
blind
.
-
6.
Women
,
Livia
,
Terentia
and
Clodia
.
Strangers
.
-
1.
Hiero
King
of
Sicily
,
&
Massanissa
King
of
Numidia
.
-
2.
Gorgias
Leontinus
.
-
3.
Xenophilus
of
Chalcis
.
-
4.
Argantinus
King
of
the
Gaditans
.
-
5.
Aethiopians
,
Indians
,
and
Epimenides
the
Cnossian
.
-
6.
The
Epii
,
a
people
of
Aetolia
.
-
7.
Dantho
,
and
two
Kings
of
the
Lachnii
.
LEt
Old
Age
,
prolonged
to
the
utmost
,
have
a
place
in
this
work
,
among
the
Examples
of
Industry
,
but
with
a
particular
Title
and
Chapter
.
That
we
may
not
seem
to
have
forgotten
those
,
to
whom
the
Gods
were
principally
indulgent
.
Insisting
upon
which
,
every
one
may
make
himself
more
happy
in
respect
of
his
antient
felicity
;
and
may
affirm
the
happiness
of
our
age
,
than
which
none
was
ever
more
happy
,
by
prolonging
the
safety
of
a
wise
and
great
Prince
,
to
the
longest
bounds
of
humane
life
.
1.
M.
Valerius
Corvus
liv'd
out
his
hundredth
year
;
between
whose
first
and
sixth
Consulship
were
forty
six
years
compleat
.
Nor
did
his
full
strength
of
body
not
only
not
fail
him
,
in
the
highest
employments
of
the
Commonwealth
,
but
also
for
the
manuring
his
Land
:
a
desireable
Example
of
a
Commonwealths
man
,
and
a
Master
of
a
Family
.
2.
Which
space
of
years
Metellus
equall'd
:
And
the
fourth
year
after
his
Consular
Government
,
being
created
Pontifex
Maximus
when
he
was
very
old
,
he
govern'd
the
Ceremonies
of
Religion
two
and
twenty
years
,
his
tongue
never
tripping
in
pronouncing
the
Votes
,
nor
his
hand
trembling
in
preparing
the
Sacrifices
.
3.
Q.
Fabius
Maximus
threescore
and
two
years
held
the
Priesthood
of
the
Augurship
,
having
obtain'd
it
when
he
was
a
strong
man
.
Which
two
times
being
added
together
,
will
easily
compleat
the
age
of
an
hundred
years
.
4.
What
shall
I
say
of
M.
Perpenna
?
who
out-liv'd
all
those
that
he
call'd
over
in
the
Senate
,
when
he
was
Consul
;
and
only
saw
seven
remaining
of
the
Conscript
Fathers
,
whom
as
Censor
with
Lu.
Philippus
he
had
chosen
;
more
durable
than
the
greatest
Order
in
the
world
.
5.
I
might
conclude
the
life
of
Appius
with
his
misfortune
,
because
he
lived
long
after
he
was
blind
;
but
that
he
had
five
Sons
and
five
Daughters
,
and
a
multitude
of
Clients
in
his
Protection
,
and
in
that
condition
most
stoutly
govern'd
the
Commonwealth
.
At
length
weary
with
living
,
he
caus'd
himself
to
be
carried
into
the
Senate-house
in
a
Litter
,
to
hinder
peace
from
being
made
with
Pyrrbus
upon
dishonourable
Conditions
.
Can
this
man
be
thought
blinde
,
by
whom
his
Countrey
purely
discerning
that
which
was
honourable
,
was
compell'd
to
open
its
eyes
?
6.
Several
Women
have
been
no
less
eminent
for
long
Life
,
whom
it
shall
suffice
only
to
name
.
For
Livia
the
wife
of
Rutilius
number'd
fourscore
and
seven
,
Terentia
the
wife
of
Cicero
a
hundred
and
three
,
and
Clodia
the
wife
of
Aufilius
,
having
outlived
fifteen
Children
,
and
hundred
and
fifteen
years
.
STRANGERS
.
1.
I
will
adde
to
these
,
two
Kings
,
whose
long
life
was
very
advantageous
to
the
People
of
Rome
.
The
King
of
Sicily
,
Hiero
,
numbred
ninety
years
.
Massanissa
King
of
Numidia
,
reigning
threescore
years
,
was
superiour
to
all
men
in
vigour
of
age
.
Cicero
in
his
Book
of
Old
Age
,
reports
of
him
,
that
no
shower
or
cold
could
compel
him
to
cover
his
head
.
He
was
wont
also
to
keep
his
station
for
several
hours
,
and
would
never
stir
from
hard
labour
,
till
he
had
tired
the
young
men
:
And
if
it
were
requisite
for
him
to
do
any
thing
sitting
,
he
would
oft-times
for
a
whole
day
sit
in
the
same
posture
,
without
moving
his
body
for
ease
,
either
one
way
or
other
.
When
he
led
his
Army
a
Horseback
by
day
,
he
never
alighted
that
night
;
omitting
none
of
those
labours
,
which
youth
is
wont
to
endure
,
when
he
was
of
that
extream
age
.
And
so
vigorous
he
was
in
reference
to
Women
,
that
he
begat
his
Son
Methymnatus
,
when
he
was
fourscore
and
six
years
of
age
.
The
Countrey
also
which
he
found
untill'd
,
by
perpetual
culture
he
left
very
fruitful
.
2.
Gorgias
also
of
Leontium
,
the
Master
of
Isocrates
and
several
other
great
men
,
by
his
own
saying
was
most
happy
.
For
when
he
had
lived
an
hundred
and
seven
years
,
being
asked
why
he
would
live
so
long
:
Because
,
said
he
,
I
ayle
nothing
to
accuse
my
Old
Age.
What
could
be
longer
or
more
happy
than
such
a
tract
of
Life
?
For
being
entered
into
the
second
Century
of
years
,
he
neither
found
any
cause
of
complaint
in
it
,
nor
left
any
behinde
him
of
it
.
3.
Xenophilus
of
Chaleis
wanted
two
of
his
years
,
yet
not
inferiour
in
enjoyment
of
health
.
For
as
Aristoxenus
the
Musician
saies
of
him
,
Free
from
all
the
inconventencies
of
old
Age
,
he
died
in
the
full
splendour
of
consummate
Learning
.
4.
Arganthonius
the
Gaditane
reigned
so
long
,
as
would
have
sufficed
another
to
live
.
For
he
govern'd
his
Kingdom
fourscore
years
,
being
forty
years
of
age
before
he
came
to
the
Throne
:
For
which
there
are
most
certain
and
credible
Authors
.
Asinius
Pollio
,
not
the
least
part
of
Roman
Eloquence
,
in
the
third
Book
of
his
History
,
relates
him
to
have
lived
an
hundred
and
twenty
years
:
No
mean
example
of
sinewy
vigour
.
5.
The
Ethiopians
render
the
long
life
of
this
King
less
admirable
;
whom
Herodotus
writes
to
have
exceeded
an
hundred
and
twenty
years
:
and
the
Indians
,
of
whom
Ctesias
delivers
the
same
.
And
Epimenides
the
Gnossian
,
whom
Theopompus
reports
to
have
lived
an
hundred
fifty
and
seven
years
.
6.
Hellanicus
also
avers
,
that
certain
of
the
Epii
,
who
were
a
people
of
Aetolia
,
lived
two
hundred
years
;
with
whom
Damasthes
agrees
,
adding
this
moreover
,
that
one
Litorius
among
them
,
of
an
exceeding
great
strength
and
stature
,
compleated
three
hundred
years
.
7.
Alexander
,
in
his
Volume
of
the
Illyrian
Tract
,
affirms
,
that
one
Dantho
lived
full
out
five
hundred
years
,
without
the
least
complaint
of
Age.
But
much
more
liberal
is
Xenophon
,
who
gives
to
the
King
of
the
Lachnii
eight
hundred
years
of
Life
.
And
that
his
Father
might
not
take
it
ill
,
he
allows
him
six
hundred
.
CHAP.
XIV
.
Of
the
Desire
of
Honour
.
Among
the
Romans
.
-
1.
P.
Africanus
the
Greater
.
-
2.
D.
Brutus
Gallaicus
.
-
3.
Cn.
Pompey
the
Great
.
-
4.
Sulla
the
Happy
.
-
5.
A
certain
Knight
.
-
6.
C.
Fabius
Pictor
.
STRANGERS
.
-
1.
Themistocles
of
Athens
.
-
2.
Alexander
the
Great
.
-
3.
Aristotle
the
Stagyrite
.
-
4.
Pausanias
of
Macedon
.
-
5.
Herostratus
.
HOnour
,
whence
it
arises
,
or
of
whatsoever
it
may
be
the
Habit
,
or
how
it
ought
to
be
purchas'd
,
and
whether
it
may
not
be
neglected
by
vertue
,
as
unnecessary
,
let
them
take
care
that
employ
their
Contemplations
upon
these
things
,
and
who
are
able
eloquently
to
express
what
they
have
prudently
observed
.
I
in
this
work
being
content
to
finde
out
Authors
for
deeds
,
and
deeds
for
Authors
,
shall
endeavour
to
finde
out
by
proper
Examples
,
how
great
the
desire
of
it
is
wont
to
be
.
1.
The
Elder
Africanus
would
have
the
Effigies
of
Ennius
placed
among
the
Monuments
of
the
Cornelian
Family
,
because
he
thought
his
Acts
illustrated
by
his
Wit.
Not
ignorant
,
that
as
long
as
the
Roman
Empire
might
flourish
,
and
Africa
lay
captive
at
the
feet
of
Italy
,
and
that
the
Capitol
possess'd
the
Pillar
of
the
whole
World
,
their
Remembrance
could
not
be
extinguished
;
especially
enlightned
by
the
Beams
of
Learning
:
A
man
more
worthy
of
Homer's
,
than
a
rude
and
unpolish'd
Eulogy
.
2.
The
same
was
the
honorable
minde
of
D.
Brutus
,
a
famous
Captain
in
his
time
,
toward
Accius
the
Poet
:
With
whose
familiar
Courtship
and
acute
applauses
being
mainly
delighted
,
he
adorn'd
the
Entries
of
the
Temples
,
which
he
had
consecrated
out
of
his
Spoils
,
with
his
Verses
.
3.
Neither
was
Pompey
averse
from
this
affectation
of
Glory
,
who
bestowed
upon
Theophanes
the
Mytelenian
,
a
Writer
of
his
Acts
,
a
whole
City
,
in
a
Harangue
before
the
Souldiers
.
Prosecuting
the
Grandeur
of
his
Gift
,
with
an
accurate
and
approved
Oration
.
4.
L.
Sulla
,
though
he
minded
no
Writer
,
yet
he
so
vehemently
assum'd
to
himself
the
honour
of
Jugurth's
being
brought
to
Marius
by
King
Bocchus
,
that
he
wore
that
Delivery
in
his
Seal-Ring
.
Afterwards
how
great
an
admirer
of
Honour
,
the
slightest
footstep
whereof
he
ador'd
!
5.
And
that
I
may
adde
to
Generals
the
noble
minde
of
a
Souldier
;
When
Scipio
was
dividing
the
Military
gifts
to
those
that
had
done
bravely
;
T.
Labienus
putting
him
in
minde
of
giving
a
Golden
Bracelet
to
an
eminent
and
stout
Knight
;
which
the
General
refusing
to
do
,
that
the
honour
of
the
field
might
not
be
violated
in
him
,
who
had
serv'd
but
a
little
before
,
he
gave
the
Knight
Gold
himself
out
of
the
Galli●
plunder
.
Neither
did
Scipio
put
it
up
silently
:
For
,
said
he
to
the
Knight
,
thou
hast
the
Gift
of
a
rich
man
.
Which
when
he
had
taken
,
casting
the
Gold
at
Labienus
feet
,
he
held
down
his
Countenance
.
But
when
Scipio
said
to
him
,
The
General
gives
thee
Silver
Bracelets
,
he
went
away
with
a
chearful
Countenance
.
So
that
there
is
no
Humility
so
great
,
which
is
not
touched
with
a
desire
of
Glory
.
6.
It
is
also
sought
sometimes
out
of
the
lowest
things
.
For
what
meant
C.
Fabius
,
that
most
noble
Commonwealths
man
?
For
when
he
painted
the
walls
of
the
Temple
of
Safety
,
which
C.
Junius
Bubul●us
had
consecrated
,
he
inscribed
his
Name
upon
them
.
For
that
only
Ornament
was
wanting
to
a
Family
most
famous
for
Consulships
,
Priesthoods
,
and
Triumphs
.
And
though
he
stoopt
to
a
mercenary
Art
,
yet
he
would
not
have
his
labours
obliterated
,
how
mean
soever
:
they
were
following
the
example
of
Phidias
,
who
included
his
own
face
upon
the
Shield
of
Minerva
,
in
such
manner
,
that
if
it
were
pull'd
away
,
the
whole
work
would
be
quite
spoiled
.
STRANGERS
.
1.
But
better
had
he
done
to
have
imitated
Themistocles
,
had
he
bin
taken
with
forraign
Examples
;
who
is
reported
to
have
bin
so
prick'd
with
the
sting
of
Honour
,
that
he
could
not
sleep
a
nights
;
and
being
ask'd
,
what
he
did
abroad
at
that
time
of
the
night
,
made
answer
,
That
he
could
not
sleep
for
the
Trophies
of
Miltiades
.
For
Marathon
rous'd
up
his
noble
Minde
to
ennoble
Artemisium
and
Salamis
with
Naval
Glory
.
The
same
person
going
to
the
Theater
,
and
being
ask'd
whose
voice
was
most
pleasing
to
his
ears
,
made
answer
,
His
that
shall
sing
my
acts
the
best
and
loudest
.
He
added
as
it
were
an
honourable
sweetness
to
Honour
it self
.
2.
The
Breast
of
Alexander
was
insatiable
of
Applause
;
who
when
Anaxarchus
his
Companion
,
by
the
authority
of
Democritus
,
affirm'd
,
that
there
were
innumerable
worlds
;
How
miserable
then
,
said
he
,
am
I
,
that
have
not
conquered
one
!
Man
thought
his
Honour
too
much
confin'd
,
that
had
not
all
that
which
suffices
for
the
Habitation
of
the
Gods
.
3.
I
will
adde
the
thirst
of
Aristotle
after
Honour
,
as
great
as
that
of
a
King
and
a
young
man
.
For
he
had
given
certain
Books
of
Oratory
to
Theodectes
his
Disciple
,
to
put
forth
in
his
own
name
:
and
being
afterwards
vex'd
that
he
had
let
go
the
Title
to
another
,
insisting
upon
some
things
in
his
own
Volume
,
he
addes
,
that
he
had
discoursed
more
plainly
of
them
in
the
Books
of
Theodectes
.
Did
not
the
Modesty
of
so
great
and
so
diffusive
a
Science
withhold
me
,
I
would
say
,
he
was
a
Philosopher
,
whose
great
parts
ought
to
have
been
delivered
to
a
Philosopher
of
a
nobler
Soul
.
But
Honour
is
not
contemn'd
by
those
that
desire
to
introduce
the
Contempt
of
it
.
For
to
those
very
Volumes
they
diligently
set
their
Names
,
that
what
they
take
away
by
Profession
,
they
may
attain
by
Usurpation
of
Memory
.
But
this
dissimulation
of
theirs
,
whatever
it
be
,
is
more
to
be
endur'd
than
the
purpose
of
those
,
who
while
they
labour
for
eternal
Memories
,
strive
to
become
famous
by
wickedness
.
4.
Among
which
I
know
not
whether
Pausanias
may
not
be
first
mentioned
;
for
when
he
had
ask'd
Hermocrates
how
he
might
suddenly
become
famous
,
and
that
the
other
had
answered
,
By
killing
some
great
person
,
presently
went
and
slew
Philip.
And
indeed
what
be
coveted
he
had
;
for
he
render'd
himself
as
infamously
famous
for
the
Murther
,
as
Philip
was
eminent
for
his
Vertue
to
Posterity
.
5.
But
this
desire
of
Glory
was
sacrilegious
.
For
there
was
one
found
out
,
who
would
set
on
fire
the
Temple
of
Diana
at
Ephesus
,
that
by
the
destruction
of
that
lovely
Pile
,
his
name
might
be
known
to
the
whole
world
.
Which
fury
of
his
minde
he
discovered
upon
the
Rack
.
Yet
the
Ephesians
had
taken
care
,
by
a
Decree
,
to
abolish
the
memory
of
the
worst
of
men
,
had
not
the
eloquent
Wit
of
Theopompus
comprehended
the
fact
in
his
History
.
CHAP.
XV.
What
Magnificent
things
befel
to
every
one
.
To
ROMANS
.
-
1.
P.
Africanus
the
Greater
.
-
2.
M.
Cato
the
Censor
.
-
3.
P.
Scipio
Nasica
.
-
4.
P.
Scipio
Aemilianus
.
-
5.
M.
Valerius
Corvus
.
-
6.
Q.
Mutius
Scaevola
.
-
7.
C.
Marius
.
-
8.
Cn.
Pompey
the
Great
.
-
9.
Q.
Lutatius
Catulus
.
-
10.
Cato
of
Utica
.
-
11.
L.
Marcius
a
Roman
Knight
.
-
12.
Sulpitia
Ser.
daughter
of
Q.
Flaccus
.
STRANGERS
.
-
1.
Pythagoras
Samian
.
-
2.
Gorgias
the
Leontine
.
-
3.
Amphiaraus
the
Prophet
.
-
4.
Pherenica
a
Grecian
Woman
.
WHat
Magnificent
things
have
deservedly
befaln
every
one
,
being
put
to
publick
view
,
will
afford
delight
to
ingenious
minds
:
because
the
value
and
force
of
the
Rewards
,
and
the
contemplation
of
Honours
,
is
equally
to
be
considered
.
Nature
affording
us
a
kind
of
pleasure
,
when
we
see
Honour
industriously
coveted
,
and
gratefully
repaid
.
But
though
the
Minde
is
carried
here
immediately
to
a
splendid
House
,
the
bountiful
and
most
honoured
Temple
,
it
will
be
better
restrain'd
.
For
to
him
to
whom
the
ascent
to
Heaven
is
free
,
though
the
greatest
,
yet
they
are
than
what
are
due
,
which
are
bellowed
on
Earth
.
1.
To
Scipio
Africanus
the
Consulship
was
granted
long
before
his
time
.
To
whom
what
was
assign'd
him
in
his
life-time
,
would
be
too
long
to
relate
,
because
they
are
many
;
and
not
necessary
,
as
being
in
part
already
related
.
And
therefore
I
will
adde
what
is
at
this
day
eminent
.
He
has
an
Image
placed
in
Great
Jupiters
Temple
,
which
when
there
is
any
Funeral
of
the
Cornelian
Family
,
is
fetch'd
from
thence
:
So
that
to
that
onely
Image
is
the
Capitol
like
a
Porch
,
or
place
where
those
Images
are
usually
placed
.
2.
As
truly
as
was
the
Senate-House
it self
to
the
Elder
Cato's
Image
,
from
whence
it
is
brought
forth
upon
the
same
occasions
of
that
Family
.
A
Grateful
Order
,
that
would
have
so
profitable
a
Member
always
dwell
with
them
,
wealthy
in
all
the
Gifts
of
Vertue
,
and
great
rather
by
his
own
Merit
,
than
by
the
benefit
of
Fortune
;
by
whose
counsel
Carthage
was
ruin'd
,
before
it
was
laid
waste
by
the
Sword
of
Scipio
.
3.
A
rare
Example
of
Honour
arises
also
from
Scipio
Nasica
.
For
by
his
Hands
,
and
into
his
House
,
before
he
was
yet
a
Questor
,
the
Senate
by
the
command
of
Pythian
Apollo
,
would
have
the
Mother
of
the
gods
received
and
entertained
,
when
recalled
from
Pessinuntes
.
Because
the
same
Oracle
ordered
those
Offices
to
be
done
to
the
Mother
of
the
gods
by
a
most
holy
man
.
Unfold
all
the
Fasti
,
set
all
the
Triumphal
Chariots
together
,
and
you
shall
finde
nothing
more
splendid
than
such
a
preeminency
in
Manners
.
4.
The
Scipio's
often
produce
their
Ornaments
to
be
remembred
by
us
.
For
Aemilianus
was
made
a
Consul
by
the
People
,
when
but
a
Candidate
for
the
Aedil-ship
.
Which
the
Army
advised
the
Senate
ought
to
be
done
.
So
that
it
is
hard
to
know
,
whether
the
Authority
of
the
Conscript
Fathers
,
or
the
Counsel
of
the
Souldiers
added
most
Honour
to
him
.
For
the
Gown
made
Scipio
Consul
against
the
Carthaginians
,
but
the
Sword
desired
him
.
And
again
,
when
he
went
into
the
field
to
the
Election
of
the
Questors
,
to
give
his
voice
for
Q.
Fabius
,
the
Son
of
Maximus's
Brother
,
they
brought
him
home
a
Consul
.
To
the
same
person
the
Senate
gave
a
Province
without
Lot
,
first
Africa
,
then
Spain
.
And
these
things
neither
to
an
ambitious
Senator
nor
Citizen
;
as
the
most
severe
course
of
his
Life
,
and
his
clandestine
Death
,
being
slain
by
treachery
,
declar'd
.
5.
As
for
M.
Valerius
,
the
Gods
as
well
as
his
Fellow-Citizens
made
him
famous
for
two
things
:
The
first
by
sending
a
Crow
for
his
defence
,
when
he
fought
hand
to
hand
with
the
Gaul
;
the
other
giving
him
the
Consulship
at
three
and
twenty
years
of
Age.
The
Valerian
Family
assumes
the
name
of
Corvinus
:
The
other
is
added
as
an
Ornament
,
glorying
as
well
in
the
earliness
of
the
Consulship
,
as
in
the
priority
of
being
made
so
.
6.
Nor
was
the
Glory
of
Q.
Scaevola
,
whom
L.
Crassus
had
for
his
Colleague
,
less
illustrious
,
who
obtain'd
Asia
,
and
so
stoutly
and
so
justly
held
it
,
that
the
Senate
by
their
Decree
propounded
Scaevola
as
a
President
and
Example
for
others
,
that
were
to
go
into
the
several
Provinces
of
the
Empire
.
7.
Those
words
of
the
Younger
Africanus
pruduced
the
seven
Consulships
and
two
Triumphs
of
C.
Marius
;
for
he
was
full
of
joy
to
his
dying
day
:
Who
when
he
served
on
Horseback
under
that
Captain
,
Scipio
being
asked
at
Supper
,
if
any
thing
cross
should
befal
him
,
whom
the
Commonwealth
would
have
equally
great
with
him
;
the
General
looking
upon
Marius
,
sitting
a
little
below
him
,
Even
this
man
,
answered
he
.
By
which
Augury
it
cannot
be
well
conjectured
,
whether
the
most
perfect
Vertue
more
certainly
foresaw
a
Rising
vertue
,
or
whether
he
more
efficaciously
inflamed
him
to
it
.
For
that
Military
Supper
portended
to
Marius
the
most
splendid
future
Suppers
in
the
whole
City
.
For
when
the
Messenger
brought
the
News
,
at
the
beginning
of
the
Night
,
that
the
Cimbrians
were
overthrown
,
there
was
no
man
that
offer'd
not
at
his
Table●
,
as
it
had
been
the
Altar
of
the
Immortal
Gods
.
8.
Now
what
large
and
new
Honours
were
heap'd
upon
Pompey
,
partly
by
the
flattery
of
Favour
,
partly
by
the
noise
of
Envy
!
Being
a
Roman
Knight
,
he
was
sent
Consul
into
Spain
,
with
equal
command
to
Pius
Metellus
Prince
of
the
City
.
Before
he
had
stood
for
any
Honour
,
he
triumph'd
twice
.
The
beginnings
of
Magistracy
he
took
from
the
chief
Command
.
The
Third
Consulship
he
sway'd
alone
,
by
the
Decree
of
the
Senate
.
He
triumph'd
at
once
over
Mithridates
,
Tigranes
,
and
several
other
Kings
,
Nations
,
Cities
,
and
the
Pirats
.
9.
Q.
Catulus
also
was
,
by
the
voice
of
the
People
of
Rome
,
within
a
little
advanc'd
to
the
Stars
.
For
being
ask'd
by
him
in
the
Common-hall
,
whether
they
persever'd
to
repose
the
whole
management
of
all
things
in
one
Pompey
,
they
cried
out
with
one
voice
,
In
thee
.
The
great
force
of
a
judgment
of
Reputation
,
which
equall'd
Catulus
,
included
in
the
space
of
two
Syllables
,
to
the
great
Pompey
,
with
all
the
Ornaments
that
I
have
related
.
10.
The
reception
of
M.
Cato
returning
out
of
Cyprus
,
with
the
Royal
Money
,
may
seem
wonderful
:
To
whom
at
his
landing
the
Consuls
,
and
other
Magistrates
,
the
Senate
and
all
the
People
of
Rome
attended
oat
of
duty
.
Rejoycing
not
at
the
vast
weight
of
Gold
and
Silver
,
but
for
that
Cato
had
brought
back
the
Navy
safe
.
11.
But
I
cannot
tell
whether
the
Example
of
the
unusual
Honour
done
to
L.
Marcius
be
not
one
of
the
chief
;
whom
the
two
Armies
upon
the
death
of
P.
and
Cn.
Scipio
,
torn
and
shattered
by
the
Victory
of
Hannibal
,
chose
him
their
General
,
when
their
safety
was
reduced
to
the
last
gasp
,
leaving
no
place
for
Ambition
.
12.
Deservedly
Sulpitia
deserves
to
be
remembred
after
the
Men
,
the
Daughter
of
Servius
Paterculus
,
and
the
Wife
of
Fulvius
Flaccus
:
Who
when
the
Senate
,
upon
the
Decemvirs
inspection
into
the
Sibylls
Books
,
had
decreed
that
the
Image
of
Venus
Turn-heart
should
be
consecrated
,
whereby
the
minds
of
the
women
might
be
changed
from
Lust
to
Chastity
;
and
that
of
all
the
Matrons
an
hundred
,
out
of
an
hundred
ten
were
chosen
by
Lot
,
to
give
judgment
concerning
the
most
chast
Women
,
she
was
preferr'd
before
all
the
rest
.
STRANGERS
.
1.
But
because
Forraign
Honours
may
be
related
without
any
diminution
of
our
Roman
Majesty
,
let
us
pass
over
to
them
.
The
Hearers
of
Pythagoras
gave
him
so
much
Veneration
,
that
they
accompted
it
a
Crime
to
question
what
they
had
received
from
him
:
And
being
asked
the
reason
,
they
onely
answered
,
that
He
had
said
it
.
A
great
Man
,
but
no
farther
than
his
School
hitherto
.
However
,
the
same
veneration
was
given
him
by
Cities
.
The
Crotoniates
earnestly
desired
of
him
,
that
their
Senate
,
which
consisted
of
a
Thousand
People
,
might
take
advice
of
him
.
And
that
opulent
City
,
so
frequently
venerating
his
House
after
his
death
,
made
it
a
Chappel
to
Ceres
.
And
while
that
City
flourished
,
a
Goddess
was
worshipped
in
the
remembrance
of
Man
,
and
a
Man
in
the
remembrance
of
a
Goddess
.
2.
Gorgias
of
Leontium
so
far
excelled
all
persons
of
that
Age
in
Learning
,
that
at
all
Assemblies
he
was
wont
to
ask
,
what
subject
they
would
hear
him
dispute
upon
;
and
for
that
reason
all
Greece
set
him
up
a
Statue
of
massie
Gold
in
the
Temple
of
Apollo
;
when
the
rest
,
of
his
time
,
had
only
gilded
Images
.
3.
The
same
Nation
by
consent
strove
to
honour
Amphiaraus
,
by
reducing
the
place
where
he
was
buried
,
into
the
form
and
state
of
a
Temple
,
and
ordering
Oracles
to
be
there
taken
.
Whose
Ashes
possess
the
same
Honour
as
the
Pythian
Den
,
Dodona's
Brazen
Dove
,
or
the
Fountain
of
Hammon
.
4.
Nor
was
that
a
vulgar
Honour
done
to
Phere●ice
,
to
whom
alone
of
all
women
it
was
permitted
to
be
present
at
the
fight
of
Wrastling
,
when
she
brought
to
the
Olympic
Games
her
Son
Euelea
,
begot
by
Olympionices
,
while
his
Brothers
having
obtained
the
same
Lawrels
,
sate
by
her
sides
.
LIB.
IX
.
CHAP.
I.
Of
Luxury
and
Lust
.
Roman
Examples
.
-
1.
C.
Sergius
Orata
.
-
2.
Clodius
the
Son
of
Aesopus
the
Tragedian
.
-
3.
Women
opposers
of
the
Oppian
Law
.
-
4.
Cn.
Domitius
and
L.
Crassus
Consuls
.
-
5.
Q.
Metellus
Pius
.
-
6.
C.
Scribonius
Son
of
Curius
.
-
7.
P.
Clodius
his
judgment
.
-
8.
Gemellus
a
Tribunician
Traveller
.
-
9.
L.
Catiline
.
STRANGERS
.
-
1.
Hannibal
Son
of
Amilcar
.
-
2.
Vulsinians
.
-
3.
Xerxes
the
Persian
King
.
-
4.
Antiochus
the
Syrian
King
.
-
5.
Ptolomey
King
of
Egypt
.
-
6.
The
Egyptians
.
-
7.
The
Cyprians
.
LEt
Luxury
,
a
flattering
Crime
,
more
easie
to
accuse
than
shun
,
be
inserted
into
this
Work
of
ours
:
Not
to
receive
any
Honour
,
but
that
coming
to
know
her self
,
she
may
be
compelled
to
Penitence
.
Let
Lust
be
joyn'd
with
her
,
because
it
arises
from
the
same
Principles
of
Vice
.
Nor
let
them
be
separated
from
reprehension
,
or
amendment
,
that
are
tyed
together
by
a
double
errour
of
the
Minde
.
1.
C.
Sergius
Orata
was
the
first
that
made
hanging
Barns
;
which
cost
having
but
a
slight
beginning
,
extended
it self
almost
to
Seas
of
Hot-water
.
The
same
person
,
because
he
would
not
have
his
Palace
subject
to
the
power
of
Neptune
,
invented
peculiar
Seas
to
himself
,
and
separated
sholes
of
divers
sorts
of
Fish
within
the
large
circuits
of
vast
Moles
,
to
the
end
no
Tempest
whatever
should
deprive
his
Table
of
his
desired
Dainties
.
He
also
burdened
the
(
till
then
)
desert
Banks
of
the
Lake
Lucrinus
with
stately
and
high
Buildings
,
that
he
might
keep
his
Shell-fish
fresh
.
Where
while
he
plunges
himself
too
deep
into
the
publick
Water
,
he
was
hurried
to
the
Judgment-Seat
by
Considius
the
Publican
.
Where
L.
Crassus
,
pleading
against
him
,
said
,
That
his
friend
Considius
err'd
,
if
he
thought
that
Orata
,
being
removed
from
the
Lake
,
would
want
Oysters
:
for
if
he
could
not
have
them
there
,
he
would
finde
them
upon
the
Tiles
.
2.
To
this
man
Aesopus
the
Tragedian
ought
rather
to
have
given
his
Son
in
Adoption
,
than
to
have
left
him
the
Heir
of
his
Goods
;
a
young
man
not
only
of
a
desperate
,
but
a
most
furious
Luxury
.
Of
whom
it
is
reported
,
that
he
gave
vast
prices
for
Birds
that
could
sing
or
talk
,
to
have
them
served
up
at
his
Table
instead
of
Fig-peckers
;
and
that
he
used
to
put
Pearls
of
high
value
,
dissolv'd
in
Vinegar
,
into
his
drinks
;
as
if
he
had
strain'd
to
throw
away
a
most
famous
Patrimony
,
like
some
burthen
too
heavy
for
his
shoulders
.
Since
,
some
in
imitation
of
the
Father
,
others
of
the
Son
,
have
extended
their
hands
farther
.
For
no
Vice
ends
where
it
begins
.
This
it
is
that
fetches
out
Fish
from
the
various
shoares
of
the
Sea
,
and
spreads
our
Kitchins
with
Oysters
.
For
the
pleasure
of
eating
and
drinking
was
found
out
by
Art
and
Cost
.
3.
But
the
end
of
the
second
Punic
War
,
and
the
overcoming
of
Philip
King
of
Macedon
,
made
us
with
more
confidence
addict
our selves
to
Luxury
.
At
what
time
the
Matrons
were
so
bold
as
to
beset
the
House
of
the
Brutii
,
who
by
the
abrogation
of
the
Oppian
Law
,
were
prepar'd
to
intercede
for
that
which
the
women
desir'd
should
be
taken
away
;
because
it
did
not
permit
them
to
wear
a
coloured
Garment
,
nor
to
have
about
them
above
half
an
Ounce
of
Gold
,
nor
to
ride
in
a
Chariot
to
any
place
within
a
Mile
from
the
City
,
unless
it
were
to
the
Sacrifices
:
and
they
obtain'd
,
that
the
Law
kept
for
above
twenty
years
,
should
be
abolished
.
For
the
men
of
that
Age
did
not
foresee
whither
the
obstinate
Plots
of
Women
would
tend
,
nor
how
far
a
boldness
that
had
vanquish'd
the
Law
would
tend
.
For
could
they
have
look'd
into
the
contrivances
of
female
cunning
,
that
brings
in
something
of
sumptuous
Novelty
every
day
,
they
had
stopped
the
progress
of
Luxuy
at
its
first
entrance
.
4.
But
what
do
I
talk
any
more
of
Women
?
whom
weakness
of
Minde
,
and
the
affectation
of
greater
employments
denied
them
,
incites
them
to
bestow
all
their
time
in
trimming
up
themselves
,
when
I
finde
Men
fallen
into
this
divertisement
,
unknown
to
the
antient
Continence
?
And
let
it
appear
to
their
reproach
.
Cneus
Domitius
,
upon
a
quarrel
with
L.
Crassus
his
Colleague
,
objected
to
him
,
that
he
had
Hymettian
Pillars
in
his
House
.
Whom
Crassur
immediately
ask'd
,
what
he
valued
his
own
House
at
?
When
he
answer'd
,
Threescore
Sesterces
.
And
hove
much
,
think
you
,
said
the
other
,
if
I
should
cut
ten
little
shrubs
out
of
it
?
Thirty
Sesterces
,
said
the
other
.
Which
then
is
the
most
Luxurious
of
the
two
,
replied
Crassus
,
I
that
bought
ten
Pillars
for
an
hundred
thousand
pi●ces
of
Money
;
or
thou
,
that
valuest
the
shadow
of
ten
small
Trees
at
thirty
Sesterces
?
An
expression
forgetful
of
Pyrrhus
,
unmindful
of
Hannibal
,
and
yawning
with
the
abundance
of
Forreign
Luxury
;
because
they
had
rather
bequeath
the
Daintiness
and
curiosity
which
they
themselves
had
begun
,
to
their
Posterity
,
than
retain
the
Continence
which
their
Fore-fathers
had
left
them
.
5.
For
what
meant
that
Prince
of
his
time
,
Metellus
Pius
,
when
he
suffer'd
himself
to
be
received
at
his
first
coming
,
with
Altars
and
Frankincense
?
When
he
beheld
the
walls
of
the
Rooms
spread
with
Attalican
Tapestry
,
as
a
sight
that
pleased
him
?
When
he
permitted
long
Plays
at
tedious
Festivals
?
When
he
wore
his
Triumphal
Garment
at
the
celebration
of
great
Banquets
,
and
contentedly
received
Crowns
let
down
from
open
places
,
as
it
were
from
Heaven
,
upon
his
celestial
Head
?
And
where
were
these
things
?
Not
in
Greece
ox
Asia
,
where
Severity
itself
might
be
corrupted
with
Luxury
;
but
in
a
wild
and
warlike
Province
,
when
a
formidable
Enemy
,
Sertorius
,
would
not
let
the
Roman
Armies
lie
quiet
;
but
goar'd
them
continually
with
the
Lusitanian
Darts
.
So
much
had
he
forgot
the
Numidian
Camp
of
his
father
.
Whence
it
appears
how
swiftly
Luxury
insinuates
it self
.
For
he
that
in
his
Youth
beheld
the
antient
Customes
,
in
his
old
Age
introduced
new
.
6.
The
same
change
was
in
the
House
of
the
Curii
;
while
our
City
and
Judgment-Seat
beheld
the
rigid
Brow
of
the
Father
,
and
the
high
Debt
of
six
hundred
Sesterces
of
the
Son
,
contracted
by
the
ignominious
Injury
done
to
the
Noble
Youth
of
Rome
.
Therefore
at
the
same
Time
,
and
under
the
same
Roof
,
two
several
Ages
lived
;
the
one
of
Frugality
,
the
other
of
vitious
Prodigality
.
7.
By
the
Sentence
against
P.
Clodius
,
what
strange
Luxury
appeared
in
him
,
what
a
savage
Lust
?
Who
,
though
guilty
of
Incest
,
that
he
might
be
acquitted
,
bought
whole
nights
of
the
Matrons
and
noble
Youth
,
at
vast
rates
,
to
pleasure
his
Judges
withal
.
In
which
horrid
and
abominable
Crime
,
I
know
not
which
first
to
detest
;
whether
him
that
first
invented
that
way
of
Corruption
;
or
they
that
suffer'd
their
Chastity
to
mediate
to
Perjury
;
or
they
that
valued
Adultery
beyond
Justice
.
8.
Equally
abominable
was
that
Banquet
,
which
Gemellus
a
Tribunitian
Traveller
,
of
good
Parents
,
but
one
that
had
betaken
himself
to
a
Servile
employment
,
prepar'd
for
Metellus
Scipio
Consul
,
and
the
Tribunes
of
the
People
,
to
the
great
scandal
of
the
City
.
For
having
set
up
a
Stew
in
his
own
House
,
he
prostituted
therein
Mucia
and
Fulvia
,
both
taken
away
from
Father
and
Mother
,
and
Saturninus
a
Youth
of
a
Noble
Family
.
Bodies
of
infamous
suffering
,
brought
to
be
the
scorn
of
drunken
Lust
!
Banquets
not
to
be
celebrated
by
Consuls
and
Tribunes
,
but
to
have
been
punish'd
.
9.
But
enormous
was
the
Lust
of
Catiline
:
For
being
mad
in
love
with
Aurelia
Orestilla
,
when
he
saw
one
Impediment
to
hinder
him
from
being
married
to
her
,
poyson'd
his
own
and
only
Son
,
almost
of
age
;
and
presently
kindled
the
Nuptial
Torch
at
his
Funeral-Pile
,
bequeathing
his
want
of
Children
as
a
gift
to
his
new
Bride
.
But
behaving
himself
at
length
with
the
same
minde
as
a
Citizen
,
as
he
had
shewed
himself
a
Father
,
he
fell
a
just
Sacrifice
to
the
Ghost
of
his
Son
,
and
his
impiously-invaded
Country
.
STRANGERS
.
1.
But
the
Campanian
Luxury
,
how
profitable
was
it
to
our
Country
?
For
embracing
invincible
Hannibal
in
the
arms
of
her
Allurements
,
she
fitted
him
to
be
vanquished
by
the
Roman
Souldier
.
She
called
forth
a
vigilant
Captain
,
she
invited
a
couragious
Army
to
long
Banquets
,
and
with
plenty
of
Wine
,
the
fragrancy
of
Oyntments
,
and
the
lascivious
softness
of
Venery
,
inveagl'd
them
to
Sleep
and
Pleasure
.
And
then
was
the
Punie
fierceness
broken
,
when
it
lay
encamped
among
the
Perfumers
of
Capua
.
What
then
more
ignominious
than
these
Vices
,
what
more
hurtful
;
by
which
Vertue
is
worn
out
,
Victories
languish
,
Honour
stupified
is
turn'd
to
Infamy
;
and
the
vigour
of
Body
and
Minde
quite
weakned
and
broken
?
So
that
it
is
hard
to
say
which
is
worst
,
to
be
subdued
by
them
,
or
by
the
Enemy
.
2.
Which
infested
the
City
of
the
Volsinians
with
sad
and
direful
slaughters
.
It
was
rich
,
it
was
adorn'd
with
Customes
and
Laws
:
it
was
the
Head
and
Metropolis
of
Hetruria
.
But
when
once
Luxury
crept
in
,
it
fell
into
an
Abyss
of
Injuries
and
Infamy
,
till
she
became
subjected
to
the
insolent
power
of
her
Servants
.
Who
at
first
in
a
small
number
daring
to
enter
the
Senate-House
,
in
a
short
time
overturn'd
and
master'd
the
whole
Commonwealth
.
They
order'd
Wills
to
be
made
at
their
own
pleasure
.
They
forbad
the
Meetings
and
Feastings
of
the
Free-men
,
and
married
their
Masters
Daughters
.
Lastly
,
they
made
a
Law
,
that
their
Adulteries
committed
with
Widows
and
Married-women
should
go
unpunished
;
and
that
no
Virgin
should
marry
a
Freeman
,
unless
some
of
them
before
had
had
her
Virginity
.
3.
Xerxes
,
out
of
the
proud
imitation
of
his
vast
wealth
,
grew
to
that
height
of
Luxury
,
that
he
propounded
Rewards
to
them
that
should
invent
any
new
Pleasure
.
What
a
ruine
befel
a
most
wide
Empire
,
too
deeply
plunged
in
Pleasure
and
Voluptuousness
!
4.
Antiochus
the
King
not
a
whit
the
more
continent
;
whose
blinde
and
mad
Luxury
the
Army
imitating
,
had
most
of
them
Golden
Nails
under
the
soles
of
their
Shoes
;
and
bought
Silver
Dishes
for
their
Kitchins
;
and
bad
their
Tents
of
Tapestry-work
adorn'd
with
Gold
and
Silver
.
A
booty
more
desireable
by
a
needy
Enemy
,
than
any
delay
to
a
stout
Souldier
from
Victory
.
5.
Ptolomey
the
King
liv'd
by
the
accession
of
his
Vices
,
and
was
therefore
call'd
Physcon
:
Than
whose
Wickedness
there
could
be
nothing
more
wicked
.
He
married
his
eldest
Sister
,
married
before
to
their
common
Brother
;
then
having
vitiated
her
Daughter
,
he
divorced
the
Sister
,
that
he
might
marry
the
Daughter
.
6.
Like
to
their
Kings
were
the
People
of
Egypt
,
who
under
the
command
of
Archelaus
,
sallying
out
of
their
City
against
A.
Gabinius
,
when
th●●
were
commanded
to
entrench
themselves
,
cry'd
out
,
That
that
was
a
work
to
be
done
at
the
publick
Charge
.
And
therefore
their
Courages
,
weakned
with
the
softness
of
Pleasures
,
could
not
stand
the
fury
of
our
Army
.
7.
But
more
effeminate
were
the
Cyprians
,
who
suffer'd
their
Women
to
lye
upon
the
ground
,
for
their
Queens
to
tread
upon
,
when
they
ascended
into
their
Chariots
.
For
for
men
,
if
men
they
were
,
it
had
been
better
not
have
lived
at
all
,
than
to
live
obedient
to
such
a
soft
Command
.
CHAP.
II.
Of
Cruelty
.
In
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Cor.
Sylla
Dictator
.
-
2.
C.
Marius
seven
times
Consul
.
-
3.
L.
Junius
Damasippus
.
-
4.
Munatius
Flac
us
.
STRANGERS
.
-
1.
Carthaginians
.
-
2.
Hannib●l
.
-
3.
Mithridates
.
-
4.
Numulizinthes
King
of
Thrace
.
-
5.
Ptolomey
Physcon
.
-
6.
Darius
Ochus
.
-
7.
Artaxerxes
Ochus
.
-
8.
The
Athenians
.
-
9.
Perillus
of
Sicily
.
-
10.
Hetrurians
.
-
11.
Certain
Barbarians
.
THis
last
Society
of
men
carried
a
lascivious
Countenance
,
Eyes
greedy
after
Novelty
of
delight
,
and
a
Minde
transported
through
all
the
allurements
of
Pleasure
.
But
the
horrid
habit
of
Cruelty
is
of
another
na●●re
;
savage
Countenance
,
violent
Minds
,
terrible
Utterance
,
Mouths
full
of
Threats
and
bloody
Commands
;
to
which
being
silent
,
is
but
to
increase
its
fury
.
For
how
shall
she
set
bounds
to
her self
,
unless
she
were
recall'd
by
the
bridle
of
reprehension
?
In
short
,
since
it
is
her
business
to
make
herself
dreaded
,
let
it
be
ours
,
to
have
her
in
abomination
.
1.
L.
Sylla
,
whom
no
man
can
either
sufficiently
praise
or
dispraise
;
who
while
he
seeks
after
Victory
,
represents
himself
a
Scipio
to
the
Roman
People
;
while
he
exercises
Cruelty
,
a
meer
Hannibal
.
For
having
egregiously
defended
the
cause
of
the
Nobility
,
cruelly
he
overflow'd
the
whole
City
,
and
every
part
of
Italy
,
with
rivers
of
Civil
Blood
.
Four
Legions
of
the
adverse
party
,
trusting
to
his
Faith
,
and
following
his
Banners
,
in
a
publick
Village
,
in
vain
imploring
the
compassion
of
his
faithless
arm
,
he
caused
to
be
cut
in
pieces
.
Whose
lamentable
cries
pierc'd
the
ears
of
the
trembling
City
:
and
Tibur
was
compelled
to
waft
away
their
memberless
Bodies
,
impatient
of
so
heavy
a
burthen
.
Five
thousand
Praenestines
,
hope
of
safety
being
granted
them
by
Cethegus
,
being
call'd
forth
without
the
Walls
of
the
Free-town
,
after
they
had
thrown
away
their
Armes
,
and
lay
prostrate
upon
the
ground
,
he
caus'd
to
be
slain
,
and
their
Bodies
to
be
thrown
about
the
fields
.
He
caused
a
Record
to
be
made
of
four
thousand
seven
hundred
murder'd
upon
the
dire
decree
of
Proscription
.
Nor
content
to
rage
against
them
who
had
born
Armes
against
him
,
he
added
also
to
the
number
of
the
proscribed
,
several
peaceable
Citizens
,
whose
names
he
collected
by
the
Nomenclator
:
He
also
drew
his
Sword
against
the
Women
,
not
satisfi'd
with
the
slaughter
of
the
men
.
That
was
also
a
signe
of
incredible
Insatiety
,
that
he
caused
the
Heads
of
the
miserable
creatures
,
newly
cut
off
,
and
as
yet
retaining
their
Physiognomies
and
Breath
,
to
be
brought
into
his
presence
,
that
what
he
could
not
devour
with
his
teeth
,
he
might
with
his
eyes
.
How
cruelly
did
he
carry
himself
toward
M.
Marius
the
Praetor
,
who
being
dragg'd
in
the
sight
of
the
people
to
the
Sepulcher
of
the
Lutatian
Family
,
he
would
not
put
him
to
death
,
till
he
had
digg'd
out
his
eyes
,
and
broken
the
several
members
of
that
unfortunate
person
.
Methinks
I
hardly
seem
to
relate
Truths
.
And
yet
because
M.
Plaetorius
fell
into
a
Swoon
upon
the
Execution
of
Marius
,
he
presently
flew
him
.
A
new
Punisher
of
Pitie
,
with
whom
to
behold
wickedness
with
an
averse
minde
,
was
to
commit
a
Crime
.
But
sure
he
spar'd
the
shades
of
the
Dead
?
No.
For
digging
up
the
ashes
of
C.
Marius
,
whose
Quaestor
once
he
was
,
though
afterwards
his
Enemy
,
he
scatter'd
them
upon
the
river
Anio
.
Behold
by
what
acts
he
thought
to
obtain
the
name
of
Happy
!
2.
Of
which
Cruelty
however
C.
Marius
mitigates
the
envy
.
For
he
out
of
an
eager
desire
of
prosecuting
his
Enemies
,
wickedly
unsheath'd
his
Anger
;
with
an
ignoble
Severity
dismembring
the
honoured
Body
of
L.
Caesar
of
the
Consular
and
Censor's
Dignity
;
and
at
the
Sepulcher
of
a
most
abject
and
seditious
person
:
For
that
mischief
was
wanting
to
the
miserable
Republique
,
That
Caesar
should
fall
a
Victime
to
Varius
.
Hardly
were
his
Victories
of
equal
value
;
which
when
he
forgot
,
he
became
more
criminal
at
home
,
than
praise-worthy
for
his
Victories
abroad
.
The
same
person
,
when
the
Head
of
M.
Anthony
,
cut
off
,
was
brought
him
,
betray'd
much
insolence
both
of
thought
and
words
,
as
he
held
it
in
his
joyful
hands
,
in
the
midst
of
a
Banquet
;
suffering
the
Sacred's
of
the
Table
to
be
contaminated
with
the
Blood
of
a
most
famous
Commonwealths
man
and
Orator
.
More
than
that
,
he
received
P.
Annius
,
that
brought
it
,
reaking
with
the
fresh
blood
,
into
his
Bosome
.
3.
Damasippus
had
no
praise
;
and
therefore
his
memory
may
be
the
more
severely
prosecuted
:
by
whose
commands
the
Heads
of
the
principal
Men
of
the
City
were
mingled
with
the
heads
of
the
Sacrifices
;
and
the
headless
Body
of
Carbo
Arvina
carried
about
,
nail'd
to
the
Gallows
.
So
that
the
Pretorship
of
a
most
licentious
man
could
do
much
,
or
the
Authority
of
the
Commonwealth
nothing
.
4.
Munatius
Flaccus
,
a
more
stiff
than
approved
defender
of
Pompey's
party
,
when
he
was
besieged
by
Caesar
in
Spain
,
within
the
walls
of
Attegua
,
he
exercis'd
his
savage
Cruelty
after
a
most
truculent
manner
.
For
after
he
had
kill'd
all
the
Citizens
which
he
thought
well
affected
to
Caesar
,
he
threw
them
headlong
from
the
Walls
.
He
also
murder'd
the
Women
,
calling
their
Husbands
first
that
were
in
Caesar's
Camp
to
the
walls
,
to
the
end
they
might
behold
the
slaughter
of
their
Wives
.
Nor
did
he
spare
the
Children
laid
upon
their
Mothers
laps
;
suffering
the
render
Infants
to
be
some
dash'd
against
the
stones
,
others
to
be
thrown
up
and
to
fall
upon
the
stakes
.
Which
things
,
intolerable
to
be
heard
,
were
executed
by
Lusitanians
,
at
the
command
of
a
Roman
;
by
whose
assistance
,
Flaccus
well
fortified
,
withstood
the
divine
Labours
of
Caesar
,
with
a
doting
obstinacy
.
STRANGERS
.
1.
Let
us
pass
to
those
,
for
which
though
there
be
the
same
grief
,
yet
there
is
not
the
same
reason
for
our
City
to
blush
.
The
Carthaginians
put
Attilius
Regulus
to
death
after
a
doleful
manner
.
For
having
cut
off
his
Eye-brows
,
and
shut
him
up
in
a
little
wooden
case
,
wherein
there
was
nothing
but
sharp
nails
,
they
suffer'd
him
to
linger
with
continual
watching
,
and
in
a
long
series
of
pain
.
A
kind
of
Torment
not
worthy
him
that
suffer'd
,
but
becoming
the
Authors
of
it
.
The
same
Cruelty
they
used
toward
our
Souldiers
,
whom
being
taken
in
a
Sea-fight
,
they
fasten'd
under
the
bottom
of
their
Ships
,
that
being
crush'd
to
death
by
the
weight
of
the
Keel
,
they
might
satiate
their
barbarous
ferity
,
by
an
unusual
kinde
of
death
.
2.
Their
Captain
Hannibal
,
whose
chiefest
Vertue
consisted
in
Cruelty
,
made
a
Bridge
over
the
River
Vergellus
with
the
bodies
of
the
Romans
,
and
so
led
over
his
Army
,
that
the
Earth
might
experiment
the
wickedness
of
the
Carthaginian
Land-forces
,
as
the
Sea
had
beheld
the
barbarity
of
their
Mariners
.
Those
whom
he
had
taken
prisoners
,
picking
out
the
nearest
of
Kin
that
he
could
,
he
compell'd
to
fight
by
pairs
,
till
he
made
them
destroy
one
another
.
Those
that
were
tir'd
he
left
upon
the
Road
,
with
the
lower
part
of
their
Feet
cut
off
.
Deservedly
therefore
,
though
too
slow
the
punishment
were
,
the
Senate
forced
him
,
when
a
Suppliant
to
King
Prusias
,
to
a
voluntary
Death
.
3.
As
truely
had
they
reason
to
abominate
Mithrictates
,
who
with
one
Epistle
slew
fourscore
thousand
Roman
Citizens
,
dispers'd
over
Asia
as
Merchants
,
defiling
the
hospitable
Gods
of
so
large
a
Province
,
with
blood
unjustly
shed
,
though
not
unrevenged
.
For
which
intolerable
torment
,
at
length
he
compell'd
that
Vital
Spirit
to
submit
,
that
contended
with
the
poyson
.
Thereby
attaining
those
torments
,
which
he
had
made
his
own
friends
to
suffer
at
the
beck
of
Gaurus
his
Eunuch
,
to
whom
his
obedient
Lust
could
deny
nothing
.
4.
Numulizinthis
Diogiris
the
King
of
Thrace's
Daughters
Cruelty
,
though
not
so
much
to
be
admir'd
,
considering
the
Barbarity
of
the
Nation
,
yet
the
horridness
will
not
let
it
be
pass'd
in
silence
:
who
held
it
not
unlawful
to
cut
living
men
in
two
in
the
middle
,
or
for
Parents
to
feed
upon
the
bodies
of
their
Children
.
5.
Again
Ptolomey
Physcon
comes
upon
the
stage
;
a
little
before
,
a
most
dreadful
Example
of
lustful
Madness
,
now
of
Cruelty
.
For
what
more
horrid
than
this
?
He
caus'd
his
own
Son
Menephites
,
whom
he
had
got
upon
Cleopatra
his
Sister
and
Wife
,
a
lovely
and
hopeful
Youth
,
to
be
kill'd
in
his
presence
;
and
sent
the
Head
,
Feet
and
Hands
cut
off
,
and
put
into
a
Chest
,
cover'd
over
with
the
Child's
Garment
,
as
a
Birth-day
Gift
to
the
Mother
.
As
it
altogether
ignorant
of
the
mischief
he
had
done
,
and
never
the
more
unfortunate
,
for
having
render'd
Cleopatra
miserable
in
the
loss
of
Children
common
to
both
,
and
himself
odious
to
all
.
With
so
blinde
a
fury
doth
the
height
of
Cruelty
rage
,
when
she
thinks
to
strengthen
herself
by
her
own
acts
!
For
when
he
understood
how
he
was
hated
by
his
people
,
he
sought
a
remedy
for
his
fear
in
wickedness
;
and
that
he
might
raign
more
safely
when
the
people
were
murder'd
,
he
surrounded
the
Gymnasium
,
full
of
young
people
,
with
fire
and
sword
,
and
slew
,
partly
by
the
flame
,
and
partly
by
sword
,
every
individual
person
of
the
whole
multitude
.
6.
But
Ochus
,
who
was
afterwards
call'd
Darius
,
bound
to
the
Persians
by
a
most
bloody
Oath
,
that
he
should
not
put
to
Death
either
by
Sword
,
Poyson
,
Starving
,
or
any
other
manner
of
violence
,
any
of
those
that
had
conspir'd
with
him
against
the
Seven
Magi
,
found
out
a
way
of
Death
,
by
which
means
he
might
rid
himself
of
those
persons
that
were
burthensome
to
him
,
and
yet
save
his
Oath
.
For
he
fill'd
a
place
,
made
up
with
high
walls
,
full
of
Ashes
,
and
putting
a
leaning
rafter
underneath
,
he
placed
them
in
it
,
after
he
had
highly
feasted
them
;
so
that
when
sleep
should
seize
them
,
they
might
fall
into
that
insidiary
heap
.
7.
More
open
,
but
more
horrid
,
was
the
Cruelty
of
Ochus
Artaxerxes
,
who
buried
his
Sister
and
Mother-in-Law
Ocha
alive
:
and
stab'd
his
Uncle
to
Death
with
Darts
,
after
he
had
deprived
him
of
an
hundred
Sons
and
Nephews
;
for
not
the
least
injury
done
him
,
but
because
they
had
the
highest
applause
among
the
Persians
for
Probity
and
Fortitude
.
8.
Guided
by
the
same
wicked
Suspition
,
the
Citizens
of
Athens
,
by
a
Decree
unworthy
their
Honour
,
cut
off
the
Thumbs
of
the
Aeginensian
Youth
;
that
a
People
potent
in
Shipping
,
might
not
be
able
to
contend
with
them
at
Sea
.
I
cannot
pardon
the
Athenians
,
borrowing
a
remedy
for
their
fear
from
Cruelty
.
9.
Cruel
also
was
that
Inventor
of
the
Brazen
Bull
,
wherein
when
poor
Creatures
were
lock'd
,
and
fire
put
under
it
,
they
seem'd
in
the
midst
of
their
long
and
tedious
torments
to
low
like
the
beast
,
that
their
lamentations
and
howlings
express'd
in
Humane
Sounds
,
might
not
reach
the
ears
of
Phalaris
the
Tyrant
,
to
move
his
compassion
.
Which
because
he
would
be
wanting
to
the
miserable
,
the
first
Authour
deservedly
experimented
the
torment
of
his
own
Invention
.
10.
Nor
were
the
Hetrurians
a
little
cruel
in
the
Invention
of
Punishment
,
who
tying
the
bodies
of
the
living
back
to
back
,
and
face
to
face
together
,
so
that
part
might
answer
part
,
suffer'd
them
to
lye
till
they
were
putrified
to
Death
.
Most
bitter
Tormenters
of
Life
and
Death
at
once
.
11.
Like
those
Barbarians
,
who
are
reported
to
set
men
in
heaps
of
the
Bowels
and
Entrails
of
kill'd
beasts
,
and
these
to
feed
and
keep
them
alive
,
till
being
putrified
within
,
they
might
be
eaten
up
by
the
Vermine
that
breed
in
putrified
bodies
.
Can
we
complain
of
Nature
,
for
having
made
us
lyable
to
many
and
dire
inconveniencies
of
Sickness
;
or
take
it
ill
,
that
Celestial
Strength
should
be
denied
to
humane
condition
,
when
Mortality
hath
invented
so
many
Torments
to
ruine
it self
,
by
the
impulse
of
Cruelty
?
CHAP.
III.
Of
Anger
and
Hatred
.
-
1.
M.
Livius
Salinator
.
-
2.
C.
Marcius
Figulus
a
Lawyer
.
-
3.
Patricians
.
-
4.
Roman
Youth
.
-
5.
Roman
Army
.
-
6.
Roman
People
.
-
7.
Q.
Metellus
Proconsul
of
Macedon
.
-
8.
L.
Cor.
Sylla
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Alexander
the
Great
.
-
2.
Amilcar
Son
of
Barchas
the
Carthaginian
.
-
3.
Annibal
Son
of
Barchas
the
Carthaginian
.
-
4.
Semiramis
Queen
of
Assyria
.
ANger
and
Hatred
stir
up
great
Commotions
in
he
breasts
of
Men.
This
swifter
in
its
motion
,
the
other
more
obstinate
in
the
desire
of
Mischief
.
Both
affections
full
of
Constermation
,
and
never
without
the
violent
torment
of
themselves
:
For
it
suffers
pain
to
inflict
misery
;
anxious
with
a
bitter
care
,
lest
revenge
should
happen
to
miss
.
But
there
are
most
certain
images
of
their
propriety
,
which
the
gods
would
have
conspicuous
in
great
men
,
by
some
more
than
ordinary
Act
or
Saying
.
1.
When
Livius
Salinator
,
waging
war
with
Asdrubal
,
was
about
to
leave
the
City
,
being
admonish'd
by
Fabius
Maximus
that
he
should
not
fight
before
he
understood
the
courage
and
force
of
the
Enemy
,
made
answer
,
that
He
would
not
refuse
the
first
opportunity
of
fighting
:
And
being
ask'd
by
the
same
person
,
why
he
would
needs
be
so
hasty
;
That
assoon
as
may
be
,
said
he
,
I
may
either
win
honour
by
the
overthrow
of
the
Enemy
,
or
rejoyce
in
the
ruine
of
my
Fellow-Citizens
.
Anger
and
Vertue
divided
his
speech
between
them
.
The
one
remembring
an
unjust
rebuke
,
the
other
intent
upon
the
honour
of
Triumph
.
But
I
cannot
tell
whether
it
were
the
same
thing
to
say
this
,
and
to
overcome
in
the
same
manner
.
2.
Thus
far
Passion
carried
a
man
of
a
fierce
Soul
and
accustom'd
to
War
.
But
C.
Figulus
a
most
milde
man
,
famous
for
his
learning
in
the
Civil
Law
,
was
thereby
render'd
forgetful
both
of
P●udence
and
Moderation
.
For
being
provok'd
by
being
repuls'd
from
the
Consulship
,
so
much
the
rather
,
because
it
had
been
twice
given
his
Fathers
;
when
many
came
to
him
the
next
day
for
counsel
,
turn'd
'●m
all
out
a
doors
:
Are
ye
ready
at
asking
Counsel
,
said
he
,
and
know
not
how
to
make
a
Consul
?
Smartly
and
deservedly
spoken
:
Yet
it
had
been
better
not
spoken
.
For
what
wise
man
could
be
angry
with
the
People
of
Rome
?
3.
Nor
are
they
to
be
approved
,
though
protected
by
the
splendour
of
their
Nobility
,
who
being
offended
because
that
Cn.
Flavius
,
a
man
of
mean
extract
,
was
made
Praetor
,
took
off
their
Gold
Rings
and
Trappings
from
their
Horses
,
and
threw
them
away
;
shewing
the
impotency
,
not
the
strife
of
vexation
.
4.
These
were
the
motions
of
Anger
in
single
or
but
few
persons
agaist
a
Commonwealth
:
There
are
also
the
same
in
the
Multitude
against
the
Princes
and
Captains
.
Manlius
Torquatus
returning
after
a
most
renowned
and
compleat
Victory
over
the
Latines
and
Campanians
,
when
all
the
Old-people
went
forth
to
meet
him
,
the
Youth
never
stirr'd
;
because
he
had
put
his
Son
to
death
,
for
fighting
successfully
against
the
Enemy
.
His
equals
compassionated
his
too
severe
punishment
.
Nor
do
I
defend
the
Act
,
but
onely
shew
the
force
of
Anger
,
that
could
divide
the
Ages
and
Affections
of
a
whole
City
.
5.
So
much
could
it
prevail
,
that
it
detain'd
and
kept
back
all
the
foot
of
the
Roman
People
,
sent
by
Fabius
the
Consul
to
pursue
the
Enemy
,
when
they
might
easi●y
have
ruin'd
and
cut
them
off
,
when
they
call'd
to
minde
that
he
had
put
a
stop
to
the
Agrarian
Law
.
The
same
passion
rendring
the
Army
offended
with
Appius
their
Captain
useless
,
(
whose
Father
standing
for
the
Nobility
,
oppos'd
the
conveniences
of
the
Commonalty
)
by
a
voluntary
flight
they
turn'd
their
back
to
the
Enemy
,
because
they
would
not
suffer
their
Captain
to
triumph
.
How
often
the
vanquisher
of
Victory
?
despising
its
congratulation
in
Torquatus
;
in
Fabius
,
omitting
the
greatest
part
;
in
Appius
,
preferring
shameful
flight
before
it
.
6.
How
violently
it
carried
it self
in
the
breast
of
the
Roman
People
,
at
that
time
when
the
Dedication
of
the
Temple
of
Mercury
was
granted
to
M.
Plaetorius
,
a
Centurion
,
by
their
Suffrages
!
The
Consuls
being
also
terrified
;
Claudius
,
because
he
withstood
the
relief
of
his
Debts
;
and
Servilius
,
because
he
had
but
weakly
defended
their
cause
which
he
undertook
,
Can
Anger
be
denied
to
be
of
force
,
when
it
sets
the
Souldier
above
the
General
?
7.
It
hath
not
only
pull'd
down
Authority
,
but
commanded
as
disorderly
.
For
when
Q.
Metellus
,
first
as
Conful
,
then
for
the
Consul
,
had
subdued
almost
all
Spain
,
and
understood
that
Pompey
the
Consul
,
his
enemy
,
would
be
sent
to
succeed
him
;
he
dismissed
all
that
pretended
to
be
acquitted
from
service
;
gave
licence
to
the
Souldiers
to
go
take
their
pleasure
,
never
setting
any
time
for
their
coming
again
.
He
left
the
Magazines
upon
the
Borders
free
to
the
plunder
of
the
Enemy
:
He
ordered
the
Cretans
Bows
and
Arrows
to
be
broken
and
thrown
into
the
River
:
He
forbid
any
Victuals
to
be
given
to
the
Elephants
.
By
which
acts
as
he
gratified
his
Passion
,
so
he
sufficiently
sullied
the
glory
of
his
great
Deeds
:
and
lost
the
honour
he
had
won
,
being
a
greater
Vanquisher
of
the
Enemy
,
than
of
his
own
Passion
.
8.
What
became
of
Sylla
,
too
obedient
to
this
Vice
!
After
he
had
shed
the
blood
of
others
,
did
he
not
shed
his
own
?
For
burning
with
indignation
at
Puteoli
,
because
that
Granius
Prince
of
the
Colony
did
not
pay
in
so
quickly
the
Money
to
the
Decurio's
,
which
he
had
promis'd
for
the
repair
of
the
Capitol
,
with
a
concitation
of
minde
more
than
ordinary
,
and
an
immoderate
force
of
speaking
,
he
vomited
up
his
last
breath
,
mixed
with
blood
and
threats
.
Not
failing
by
old
Age
,
as
not
being
above
threescore
;
but
raging
with
an
Impotency
,
nourished
by
the
miseries
of
the
Commonwealth
.
So
that
it
is
a
doubt
whether
Sylla
or
Sylla's
Anger
were
first
extinguished
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
Now
it
behoves
us
to
fetch
Examples
from
unknown
persons
;
yet
there
is
something
of
shame
in
reproaching
the
Vices
of
great
men
.
But
since
the
faith
of
our
designe
admonishes
us
to
comprehend
every
thing
,
the
Will
must
give
way
to
the
Work
;
that
the
Considence
of
declaring
necessary
things
may
not
be
wanting
,
while
we
justifie
the
proof
of
great
things
.
1.
Alexander
was
kept
from
Heav'n
by
his
own
Anger
.
For
what
hinder'd
but
that
he
might
have
risen
thither
,
had
not
Lysimachus
thrown
to
a
Lion
,
Elytus
run
through
with
a
Spear
,
Callisthenes
put
to
death
,
lost
him
the
fame
of
three
of
his
greatest
Victories
,
by
the
unjust
slaughter
of
so
many
friends
.
2.
How
excessive
the
Hatred
of
Amilear
toward
the
Roman
People
!
For
beholding
four
Sons
of
tender
Age
,
and
the
same
number
of
Lions
whelps
;
He
bred
them
,
he
said
,
to
the
ruine
of
our
Empire
.
Fairly
brought
up
,
as
it
hapned
,
to
the
ruine
of
their
own
Country
.
n
"
3
"
3.
Of
which
Sons
Hannibal
so
followed
his
Fathers
steps
,
that
when
he
was
about
to
cross
the
Army
over
into
Spain
,
and
sacrificing
for
good
success
,
the
Son
then
but
nine
years
of
age
,
holding
his
hand
upon
the
Altar
,
swore
,
that
assoon
as
his
Age
would
permit
him
,
he
would
be
a
most
bitter
Enemy
to
the
Romans
;
that
he
might
express
to
his
father
how
willingly
he
accompanied
him
in
the
War
then
afoot
.
The
same
person
,
that
he
might
shew
the
Hatred
between
Rome
and
Carthage
,
happening
to
stumble
,
and
raise
the
dust
with
his
foot
,
Then
,
said
he
,
there
will
be
an
end
of
the
War
between
these
two
Cities
,
when
one
of
them
is
reduced
into
dust
at
this
is
.
4.
In
the
breast
of
a
Boy
the
Force
of
Hatred
was
not
so
prevalent
,
but
that
it
equally
prevailed
in
a
Womans
breast
.
For
Semiramis
Queen
of
the
Assyrians
,
when
it
was
related
to
her
,
as
she
was
combing
her
hair
,
that
Babylon
was
revolted
,
with
one
part
of
her
hair
loose
and
dishevell'd
,
she
hasted
to
its
recovery
;
nor
would
she
bring
her
hair
,
till
she
had
reduced
the
City
,
into
order
.
And
therefore
her
Statue
is
placed
in
Babylon
,
in
the
same
posture
as
she
hasten'd
to
her
Revenge
.
CHAP.
IV.
Of
Covetousness
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
M.
Crassus
and
Q.
Hortensius
.
-
2.
Q.
Cassius
Longinus
.
-
3.
L.
Septimuleius
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Ptolomey
King
of
Cyprus
.
LEt
Avarice
be
brought
forth
that
lurks
in
hidden
places
,
but
a
devourer
of
open
prey
;
unhappy
in
enjoyment
,
but
most
through
Insatiability
.
1.
When
certain
persons
had
suborn'd
a
false
testimony
against
Minucius
Basilius
in
Greece
,
who
was
very
rich
,
to
confirm
it
,
they
put
into
his
Will
,
as
Heirs
,
two
of
the
most
potent
men
of
our
City
,
M.
Crassus
and
Q.
Hortensius
,
to
whom
Minutius
was
altogether
unknown
.
Though
the
fraud
were
evident
,
yet
both
covetous
after
the
Estate
,
neither
refus'd
the
gift
of
a
Forreign
Crime
.
How
great
an
offence
have
I
slightly
related
!
The
Lights
of
the
Court
,
and
Ornaments
of
the
Seat
of
Judicature
,
what
they
ought
to
have
punish'd
,
invited
by
the
bait
of
dishonest
gain
,
they
protected
by
their
Authority
.
2.
But
it
was
of
greater
force
in
Q.
Cassius
,
who
let
go
M.
Silius
and
A.
Calpurnius
,
being
apprehended
in
Spain
with
daggers
,
on
purpose
to
have
kill'd
him
;
having
agreed
with
the
one
for
fifty
,
with
the
other
for
sixty
Sesterces
.
It
may
be
a
question
,
whether
if
they
had
given
him
as
much
more
,
he
would
not
have
offer'd
them
his
throat
also
.
3.
But
above
all
,
the
Avarice
of
L.
Septimuleius
was
most
notorious
:
Who
being
a
familiar
Friend
of
Gracchus
,
not
only
cut
off
his
Head
,
but
carried
it
fix'd
upon
a
pole
through
the
City
;
because
Opimius
,
the
Consul
,
had
promis'd
a
reward
in
Gold
to
him
that
should
do
it
.
Some
report
,
that
he
filled
the
hollow
part
of
his
S●ull
with
melted
Lead
,
that
it
might
be
the
heavier
.
Whether
he
were
seditious
,
or
died
for
a
good
Example
,
yet
the
wicked
hunger
of
his
friend
should
not
have
bin
so
greedy
after
such
injuries
to
the
dead
.
FORREIGNERS
.
1.
The
Covetousness
of
Septimuleius
deserved
hatred
,
but
the
Avarice
of
Ptolomey
King
of
the
Cyprians
is
to
be
laught
at
.
For
having
by
mean
devices
scrap'd
together
great
Riches
,
and
saw
that
he
was
like
to
perish
for
their
sake
;
and
for
that
reason
having
shipped
all
his
Wealth
,
was
got
out
to
Sea
,
that
by
bulging
the
Vessels
he
might
perish
at
his
own
leasure
,
and
frustrate
his
Enemies
hopes
,
could
not
endure
the
sinking
of
his
Gold
and
Silver
,
but
carried
back
the
future
reward
of
his
own
Death
.
Surely
he
did
not
possess
,
but
was
possess'd
by
Wealth
,
being
in
his
minde
a
miserable
slave
to
Money
.
CHAP.
V.
Of
Pride
and
excess
of
Power
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
M.
Fulvius
Flaccus
Cos
.
-
2.
M.
Livius
Drusus
Tribune
of
the
People
.
-
3.
C.
Pompey
the
Great
,
three
times
Consul
.
-
4.
M.
Antonie
Triumvir
.
FORREIGNERS
.
-
1.
Alexander
the
Great
.
-
2.
Xerxes
King
of
Persia
.
-
3.
Hannibal
the
Carthaginian
.
-
4.
The
Carthaginian
and
Campanian
Senate
.
1.
NOw
that
Pride
and
Excess
in
Power
may
be
brought
upon
the
Stage
,
Fulvius
Flaccus
Consul
,
Colleague
with
M.
Plautius
Hypsaeus
,
being
about
to
make
Laws
very
pernicious
to
the
Common-wealth
,
of
making
free
Citizens
of
Rome
,
and
citing
such
before
the
People
,
who
would
not
change
their
City
,
could
hardly
be
perswaded
to
come
into
Court
.
Then
when
the
Senate
partly
admonish'd
him
,
partly
besought
him
to
desist
,
he
gave
them
no
answer
.
He
might
be
accompted
a
Tyrannical
Consul
,
who
had
thus
carried
himself
against
one
Senator
,
as
Flaccus
did
against
the
whole
Body
of
so
Majestick
an
Assembly
.
2.
Whose
Majesty
was
no
less
affronted
by
the
contumely
of
M.
Drusus
,
a
Tribune
of
the
People
,
who
made
nothing
,
because
Philip
the
Consul
interrupted
him
in
his
Speech
,
to
take
him
by
the
throat
and
to
hale
him
to
Prison
,
not
by
the
hands
of
an
Officer
,
but
of
a
Client
;
with
that
violence
,
that
the
Blood
gush'd
out
of
his
Mouth
.
Also
when
the
Senate
sent
to
him
to
come
into
Court
;
Rather
,
said
he
,
why
doth
not
the
Senate
come
to
the
Hostilia
to
me
?
I
am
ashamed
to
adde
the
rest
:
The
Tribune
despis'd
the
Authority
of
the
Senate
;
the
Senate
obey'd
the
Tribunes
words
.
3.
How
insolently
Pompey
!
who
coming
out
of
the
Bath
left
Hypsaeus
prostrate
at
his
feet
,
accused
of
bribing
for
Voices
,
a
Nobleman
and
his
Friend
;
upbraiding
him
withal
with
a
contumelious
Scoff
,
telling
him
,
that
he
came
to
spoil
his
Supper
.
Yet
he
was
not
ashamed
to
require
Scipio
,
his
Sons
Father-in-law
,
condemned
by
certain
Laws
which
he
had
made
himself
,
to
the
ruine
of
many
Noblemen
;
governing
the
Commonwealth
according
to
the
caresses
of
his
Nuptial
Bed
.
4.
Vile
was
the
Scoff
of
M.
Antonie
both
in
word
and
deed
.
For
when
the
Head
of
Caestius
Rufus
,
a
Senator
,
was
brought
him
,
being
a
Triumvir
,
the
rest
turning
aside
,
he
caus'd
it
to
be
brought
near
,
and
diligently
viewed
it
.
And
when
all
the
standers
by
listned
to
hear
what
he
would
say
;
This
fellow
,
saies
he
,
I
never
knew
.
A
haughty
scorn
of
a
Senator
,
but
the
excess
of
pride
toward
a
man
slain
.
FORREIGNERS
.
1.
Enough
of
our
own
,
now
for
Forreigners
.
The
Vertue
and
Felicity
of
Alexander
the
Great
was
eclips'd
by
three
most
evident
degrees
of
Insolence
.
For
,
contemning
his
Father
Philip
,
he
acknowledged
none
bat
Jupiter
Ammon
for
his
Father
:
Laying
aside
the
Customes
and
Manners
of
the
Macedonians
,
he
assumed
the
Garments
and
Laws
of
the
Persians
:
despising
Mortals
,
he
emulated
to
be
a
God
.
Nor
was
he
ashamed
to
deny
himself
to
be
a
Son
,
a
fellow-Countryman
,
and
a
Mortal
.
2.
Xerxes
,
in
whose
name
Pride
and
Impotency
inhabit
,
how
insolently
did
he
use
his
own
power
,
when
being
to
proclaim
War
against
the
Grecians
,
and
calling
the
Princes
of
Asia
together
;
That
I
might
not
seem
,
said
he
,
to
take
my
own
advice
,
I
have
assembled
you
:
But
remember
,
that
it
is
your
part
rather
to
obey
than
to
give
Counsel
.
Arrogantly
said
,
had
he
return'd
a
Victor
to
his
Countrey
:
But
so
shamefully
beaten
,
I
know
not
whether
more
insolently
or
arrogantly
.
3.
Hannibal
,
puft
up
with
the
success
of
the
Battle
of
Cannae
,
neither
admitted
any
of
his
Country-men
into
his
Tents
,
nor
gave
answer
to
any
but
by
an
Interpreter
,
and
despis'd
Maharbal
,
affirming
with
a
loud
voice
before
his
Tent
,
that
he
saw
a
way
how
he
might
sup
in
a
few
days
in
the
Capitol
.
So
unusual
a
thing
it
is
for
Happiness
and
Moderation
to
lodge
together
.
4.
There
was
a
kind
of
emulation
between
the
Carthaginian
and
Campanian
Senate
for
Insolencie
.
For
the
one
wash'd
in
a
Bath
apart
from
the
Vulgar
;
the
other
made
use
of
a
different
Judgment-Seat
.
Which
Custome
retain'd
in
Capua
,
is
evident
in
an
Epistle
of
C.
Gracchus
written
to
Plautius
.
CHAP.
VI.
Of
Perfidiousness
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
T.
Tatius
King
of
the
Sabines
.
-
2.
Ser.
Sulpitius
Galba
.
-
3.
Cn.
Domitius
Ahenobarbus
.
-
4.
Q.
Servilius
Caepio
,
Cos.
FORREIGNERS
.
-
1.
The
Carthaginians
.
-
2.
Hannibal
the
Carthaginian
.
LEt
Perfidiousness
,
a
close
and
crafty
Mischief
,
be
fetch'd
out
of
its
lurking
holes
.
Whose
most
efficacious
properties
are
to
lye
and
deceive
:
the
fruit
it
reaps
from
some
crime
committed
:
then
certain
when
it
holds
Cruelty
in
bonds
;
bringing
as
much
mischief
to
Mankinde
,
as
Faith
and
Truth
afford
quiet
and
safety
.
Therefore
let
it
be
as
much
dispraised
,
as
the
other
praised
.
2.
In
the
reign
of
Romulus
,
Sp.
Tarpeius
was
Governour
of
the
Tower
,
whose
Daughter
,
a
Virgin
,
going
to
fetch
Water
for
the
Ceremonies
,
without
the
Walls
,
Tatius
corrupted
with
Money
to
let
in
his
armed
Sabines
into
the
Castle
,
promising
as
a
Reward
what
they
woreupon
their
left
hands
;
which
were
Bracelets
and
Rings
of
Gold
of
a
considerable
weight
.
The
Sabines
having
got
into
the
place
,
when
the
Virgin
demanded
her
reward
,
they
killed
her
with
the
weight
of
their
Armes
;
As
it
were
performing
their
promise
,
in
regard
they
also
carried
their
Armes
on
their
left
hand
.
Let
there
be
no
blame
,
while
impious
Treason
was
reveng'd
with
a
quick
Punishment
.
2.
Servius
Galba
was
a
man
highly
perfidious
.
For
having
assembled
together
the
people
of
several
Cities
of
Portugal
,
upon
pretence
of
treating
for
their
good
,
he
partly
kill'd
and
partly
sold
seven
thousand
of
them
,
among
which
were
the
flower
of
their
Youth
,
after
he
had
pickt
them
out
and
disarmed
them
.
Thus
the
greatness
of
his
Cr●me
exceeded
the
Calamity
of
the
Barbarians
.
3.
Too
great
a
desire
of
Glory
made
Cn.
Domitius
,
a
person
of
Noble
Extraction
and
Merit
,
to
become
perfidious
.
For
being
offended
at
Betultus
,
King
of
the
Arverni
,
for
that
he
had
perswaded
both
his
own
people
and
the
Allobroges
,
while
he
was
in
the
Province
,
to
flie
to
the
Protection
of
Fabius
his
Successor
;
Sending
for
him
under
pretence
of
speaking
with
him
,
and
having
received
him
under
his
roof
,
he
caus'd
him
to
be
fetter'd
,
and
sent
him
away
by
Sea
to
Rome
.
Which
act
of
his
the
Senate
could
neither
approve
nor
disannul
,
lest
Besultus
,
being
sent
back
into
his
Countrey
,
should
raise
a
new
War
.
Therefore
they
sent
him
to
Alba
to
be
secur'd
.
4.
The
slaughter
of
Viriatus
admits
a
double
accusation
of
Perjury
;
as
to
his
friends
,
because
he
was
killed
in
their
hands
;
in
Q.
Servilius
Caepio
the
Consul
,
because
he
was
the
Author
of
the
fact
,
and
promis'd
impunity
:
not
deserving
,
but
buying
his
Victory
.
FORREIGNERS
.
1.
But
that
we
may
take
a
view
of
the
Fountain
of
Perfidie
it self
;
The
Carthaginians
pretending
to
send
Xanthippus
the
Lacedaemonian
home
,
who
had
served
them
,
and
by
whose
assistance
they
had
taken
Atilius
Regulus
,
sunk
him
in
the
midst
of
the
Sea
.
What
was
the
aim
of
so
much
Villany
?
That
the
companion
of
their
Victory
should
not
live
?
He
lives
however
to
their
reproach
,
whom
they
might
have
left
untouch'd
,
without
any
loss
of
their
Honour
.
2.
Hannibal
also
by
strangling
in
the
smoak
and
steam
of
Baths
the
Nucerini
,
who
upon
his
Faith
given
came
out
of
an
impregnable
City
;
and
by
throwing
the
Senate
of
the
Acerrani
into
Wells
,
while
he
profess'd
War
against
the
People
of
Rome
and
Italy
,
did
he
not
wage
a
more
severe
war
against
Faith
and
Honesty
?
making
use
of
lies
and
deceits
,
as
of
famous
and
noble
Arts.
By
which
means
,
though
he
might
have
otherwise
left
a
real
fame
behinde
him
,
it
is
now
to
be
question'd
which
was
most
eminent
,
his
Greatness
or
his
Wickedness
.
CHAP.
VII
.
Of
Seditions
.
The
Roman
People
against
-
1.
C.
Marius
,
6
times
Cos
.
-
2.
Q.
Metellus
the
Censor
.
-
3.
A.
Numius
,
the
Candidate
.
-
4.
A.
Sempronius
Asellio
.
The
Roman
Souldiers
against
-
1.
Gratidius
the
Legate
.
-
2.
Q.
Pompey
the
Consul
.
-
3.
C.
Carbo
the
Legate
.
BUt
let
the
Acts
of
violent
Sedition
among
the
Gownmen
,
as
well
as
of
the
Armed
,
be
related
.
1.
Lu.
Equitius
,
who
feign'd
himself
to
be
the
Son
of
Ti.
Gracchus
,
and
stood
for
the
Tribuneship
with
L.
Saturninus
against
Law
,
was
by
C.
Marius
in
his
sixth
Consulship
carried
to
the
publick
Goal
.
However
,
the
People
broke
open
the
Gates
of
the
Prison
,
and
taking
him
out
again
,
carried
him
upon
their
shoulders
in
publick
triumph
.
2.
The
same
person
,
because
Q.
Metellus
the
Censor
refus'd
to
admit
him
into
the
Roll
for
the
Son
of
Gracchus
,
endeavoured
to
have
stoned
him
to
death
,
affirming
that
Gracchus
had
but
three
Sons
.
Of
which
one
serv'd
in
Sardinia
,
the
second
an
Infant
at
Praeneste
,
the
third
born
at
Rome
,
deceased
after
his
Fathers
death
;
neither
ought
the
unknown
rubbith
of
a
noble
Family
to
be
remembred
.
When
the
improvident
Rashness
of
the
provok'd
Multitude
extended
it self
in
the
mean
time
impudently
and
audaciously
against
the
Consulship
and
Censorship
,
and
assail'd
their
Princes
with
all
manner
of
Petulancy
.
3.
That
was
onely
Madness
;
this
a
bloody
Sedition
.
For
the
People
compell'd
A.
Numius
,
the
Competitor
of
Saturninus
,
nine
Tribunes
being
created
,
and
but
one
vacancy
remaining
for
two
Candidates
,
to
flie
to
his
own
house
:
and
then
dragging
him
out
from
thence
,
slew
him
;
that
by
the
slaughter
of
an
honest
Citizen
,
they
might
make
way
for
a
pernicious
Disturber
to
get
into
Authority
.
4.
The
Consternation
of
the
Creditors
against
Sempronius
Asellio
the
Praetor
,
brake
forth
into
a
most
intollerable
Rage
.
Whom
,
because
he
underook
the
cause
of
the
Debts
,
being
stirr'd
up
by
L.
Cassius
the
Tribune
,
they
dragg'd
from
the
Altar
,
as
he
was
sacrificing
before
the
Temple
of
Concord
,
and
slew
him
in
his
Robes
of
Authority
.
Of
the
Roman
Souldiers
.
1.
The
Sedition
of
Citizens
is
to
be
detested
;
but
if
we
look
into
the
Camp
,
an
equal
indignation
will
arise
.
When
the
Province
of
Asia
was
,
by
the
Sulpician
Law
,
decreed
to
C.
Marius
a
private
person
,
to
prosecute
the
War
against
Mithridates
,
the
Souldiers
slew
Gratidius
,
sent
by
him
to
L.
Sulla
the
Consul
,
to
receive
the
Legions
from
him
.
Offended
,
without
doubt
,
that
they
were
to
be
commanded
by
a
person
of
no
Honour
,
that
had
served
under
a
person
of
the
highest
Dignity
.
But
who
may
endure
a
Souldier
correcting
the
Decrees
of
the
Commonalty
with
the
Death
of
a
Legate
?
2.
That
in
the
behalf
of
a
Consul
so
violently
acted
;
this
against
a
Consul
.
For
when
Q.
Pompey
Collegue
of
Sylla
ventured
to
contend
with
Cn.
Pompey
,
being
sent
to
the
Army
by
the
command
of
the
Senate
,
the
Souldiers
corrupted
by
the
delusions
of
an
ambitious
Captain
,
fell
upon
him
,
as
he
was
beginning
to
sacrifice
,
and
slew
him
,
as
if
he
himself
had
been
the
Victime
.
And
the
Court
,
forced
to
give
way
to
the
Camp
,
durst
not
revenge
so
great
a
Crime
.
3.
That
Army
also
was
wickedly
violent
who
kill'd
C.
Carbo
,
the
Brother
of
Carbo
thrice
Consul
,
endeavouring
to
amend
the
loose
Discipline
of
the
Souldiers
,
crept
in
through
the
liberty
of
the
Civil
Wars
;
and
rather
chose
to
be
contaminated
with
the
greatest
of
Crimes
,
than
to
alter
their
loose
and
depraved
Manners
,
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
Rashness
.
-
1.
P.
Africanus
the
Greater
.
-
2.
C.
Caesar
twice
Consul
.
-
3.
The
Roman
Army
.
FORREIGNERS
.
-
1.
Hannibal
.
-
2.
The
People
of
Athens
.
SUddain
also
and
vehement
are
the
Instigations
of
Rashness
;
by
the
stroaks
whereof
the
minds
of
men
are
disorder'd
,
not
being
able
to
foresee
their
own
dangers
,
nor
prosecute
the
facts
of
others
with
a
due
consideration
.
1.
For
how
rashly
did
the
Greater
Africanus
cross
the
Sea
out
of
Spain
,
with
two
Gallies
of
five
Oars
,
to
Syphax
the
King
,
trusting
his
own
and
his
Countries
safety
in
the
faithless
breast
of
one
Numidian
!
So
that
in
one
moment
it
was
a
doubtful
question
,
whether
Scipio
should
be
the
Captive
or
the
Conquerour
of
Syphax
.
2.
The
doubtful
attempt
also
of
C.
Caesar
was
protected
by
the
Heavens
.
For
impatient
of
the
Legions
crossing
from
Brundusium
to
Apollonia
,
leaving
the
Banquet
,
out
of
a
pretence
of
being
sick
,
he
went
aboard
a
small
Ship
,
and
in
a
most
rigorous
Tempest
s●eers
out
of
the
River
into
the
very
mouth
of
the
Adriatic
Sea
;
and
commanding
the
Ship
to
keep
her
course
,
long
tossed
by
contrary
Waves
,
at
length
he
was
forced
to
return
.
3.
Now
what
a
most
execrable
Rashness
was
that
of
the
Souldiers
?
For
they
were
the
cause
that
Albinus
,
a
person
famous
for
his
Nobility
,
Conditions
,
and
great
Honours
,
through
false
and
vain
suspicions
was
stoned
to
death
in
the
Camp
.
And
,
which
admits
of
no
excuse
,
denied
their
Captain
,
praying
and
beseeching
,
the
power
of
answering
for
himself
.
FORREIGNERS
.
1.
Therefore
I
wonder
the
less
,
that
the
severe
and
cruel
Hannibal
would
not
admit
the
guiltless
Pilot
to
make
his
defence
;
who
returning
out
of
Italy
from
Petilia
,
not
believing
he
could
reach
between
Italy
and
Sicily
so
soon
,
killed
the
Pilot
,
thinking
he
had
betrayed
him
.
But
at
length
,
when
he
found
what
the
Pilot
had
said
to
be
true
,
pardon'd
him
too
late
;
when
he
could
pay
no
respect
to
his
Innocence
,
but
that
of
a
Sepulchre
.
And
therefore
in
the
midst
of
a
narrow
and
tempestuous
Frith
,
stands
an
overlooking
Statue
,
expos'd
to
the
eyes
of
them
that
sail
to
and
fro
,
in
remembrance
of
Pelorium
and
the
Punic
Rashness
.
2.
The
Athenian
City
was
also
mad
to
Rashness
,
which
put
to
death
unheard
ten
of
their
chief
Generals
,
returning
from
a
noble
Victory
;
and
all
because
they
could
not
bury
the
slain
Souldiers
,
through
the
tempestuousness
of
the
Sea
:
Punishing
Necessity
,
when
they
should
have
honoured
Vertue
.
CHAP.
IX
.
Of
Errour
.
-
1.
Of
the
Roman
People
.
-
2.
C.
Cassius
Longinus
,
Proconsul
.
-
3.
The
Guard
of
Lartis
Tolumnius
King
of
the
Veientes
.
ERrour
is
next
to
Rashness
:
as
equally
prejudicial
,
so
to
them
also
it
least
knows
:
because
it
commits
mistakes
not
willingly
,
but
out
of
false
imaginations
;
which
being
far
spread
in
the
breast
of
men
,
if
I
should
omit
it
,
I
should
be
guilty
of
the
Errour
which
I
blame
.
Therefore
let
us
recite
a
few
Mistakes
.
1.
C.
Helvius
Cinna
,
Tribune
of
the
People
,
returning
home
from
Caesar's
Funeral
,
was
torn
by
the
hands
of
the
People
,
mistaken
for
Cornelius
Cinna
,
upon
whom
they
thought
to
have
spent
their
rage
;
provoked
against
him
,
because
that
being
Caesar's
Kinsman
,
he
had
made
an
abusive
Oration
against
him
that
was
impiously
slain
.
And
so
far
irritated
they
were
by
the
same
Errour
,
that
they
carried
the
Head
of
Helvius
,
as
if
it
had
been
the
Head
of
Cornelius
,
fix'd
upon
a
Pole
,
about
the
Funeral-pile
of
Caesar
.
A
cruel
expiation
of
Duty
and
Mistake
.
2.
For
Errour
caused
C.
Cassius
to
punish
himself
.
For
in
the
midst
of
that
various
and
unknown
event
●o
the
Captains
themselves
,
of
the
fight
of
four
Armies
at
Philippi
;
Titinius
the
Centurion
being
sent
by
him
in
the
Night
to
see
in
what
condition
Brutus
was
,
while
he
fetch'd
several
compasses
about
,
because
the
darkness
of
the
Night
did
not
suffer
him
to
know
whether
he
met
Foes
or
Friends
,
it
was
long
before
he
return'd
.
Cassius
therefore
believing
him
to
have
been
taken
by
the
Enemy
,
and
that
they
were
absolute
Masters
of
the
field
,
hasten'd
to
end
his
life
,
when
Brutus's
forces
were
in
part
safe
,
and
Masters
of
the
Enemies
Camp
.
But
the
Courage
of
Titinius
is
not
to
be
forgot
,
who
stood
a
while
astonish'd
at
the
unexpected
sight
of
his
Captain
wallowing
in
his
own
blood
,
then
bursting
into
tears
;
Though
imprudently
,
General
,
said
he
,
I
was
the
cause
of
thy
death
,
this
imprudence
shall
not
go
unpunish'd
;
receive
me
a
companion
to
thy
fate
;
and
so
saying
,
threw
himself
upon
the
liveless
trunk
,
with
his
Sword
up
to
the
Hilts
in
his
own
Body
:
And
intermixing
blood
with
blood
,
they
lay
a
double
sacrifice
,
the
one
of
Piety
,
the
other
of
Errour
.
3.
But
certainly
Mistake
did
a
great
injury
to
the
family
of
Lartis
Talumnius
King
of
the
Veientes
;
who
after
he
had
through
a
lucky
cast
at
Dice
,
cried
to
his
Play-mate
,
Kill
;
the
Guard
,
mistaking
the
word
,
fell
upon
the
Roman
Embassadours
,
and
slew
them
,
as
they
were
just
entring
the
Room
;
interpreting
Play
as
a
Command
.
CHAP.
X.
Of
Revenge
.
In
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Of
the
Papyrian
Tribe
of
the
Tusculans
against
Polias
.
-
2.
Of
the
people
of
Utica
against
Fabius
Adrianus
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Thamyris
and
Berenices
Queens
.
-
2.
Certain
Youths
of
Thessaly
.
THe
Stings
of
Revenge
as
they
are
sharp
,
so
they
are
just
,
while
they
meditate
to
repay
received
Injuries
.
Of
which
a
few
Examples
will
serve
.
1.
M.
Flavius
,
Tribune
of
the
People
,
reported
to
the
People
against
the
Tusculans
,
that
by
their
advice
the
Privernates
and
Veliterni
would
rebel
.
Who
when
they
came
to
Rome
in
a
most
miserable
and
suppliant
manner
,
with
their
Wives
and
Children
,
it
hapned
that
all
the
rest
of
the
Tribes
being
for
Mercy
,
the
Polian
Tribe
alone
gave
judgment
that
they
should
be
first
whipp'd
,
and
then
put
to
death
;
and
the
multitude
of
Women
and
Children
to
be
sold
for
Slaves
.
For
which
reason
the
Papyrian
Tribe
,
in
which
the
Tusculans
being
received
into
the
City
,
had
a
strong
Vote
,
never
made
afterwards
any
Candidate
of
the
Polian
Tribe
a
Magistrate
;
that
no
Honour
might
come
to
that
Tribe
,
which
as
much
as
in
them
lay
,
had
endeavoured
to
deprive
them
of
their
Lives
and
Liberty
.
2.
But
this
Revenge
both
the
Senate
and
the
consent
of
all
men
approved
.
For
when
Adrianus
had
sordidly
tyrannized
over
the
Roman
Citizens
at
Vtica
,
and
was
therefore
by
them
burnt
alive
;
the
matter
was
never
question'd
in
the
City
,
nor
any
complaint
made
against
it
.
FORREIGNERS
.
1.
Famous
Examples
of
Revenge
were
both
Queens
:
Thamyris
,
who
having
caused
the
Head
of
Cyrus
to
be
cut
off
,
commanded
it
to
be
thrown
into
a
Tub
of
humane
Blood
;
upbraiding
him
with
his
insatiable
thirst
after
Blood
,
and
revenging
upon
him
the
Death
of
her
Son
,
who
was
slain
by
him
.
And
Berenice
,
who
taking
heavily
the
loss
of
her
Son
,
entrapped
by
the
snares
of
Laodice
,
got
arm'd
into
her
Chariot
,
and
following
the
Kings
Life-guard-man
that
had
done
the
Mischief
,
after
she
had
miss'd
him
with
her
Spear
,
she
sell'd
him
with
a
Stone
;
and
driving
her
Horses
over
his
Body
,
rid
directly
through
the
bands
of
the
adverse
party
to
the
house
where
she
thought
the
body
of
the
slain
Child
lay
.
2.
It
is
a
hard
thing
to
judge
whether
a
just
Revenge
or
not
were
the
ruine
of
Jason
of
Thessaly
,
preparing
to
make
war
against
the
King
of
Persia
.
For
he
gave
leave
to
Taxillus
the
Matter
of
his
Games
,
complaining
that
he
had
been
abused
by
certain
young
men
,
that
he
should
either
require
thirty
Drachma's
from
them
,
or
to
give
them
ten
Stripes
.
Which
last
revenge
when
he
used
,
they
that
were
lash'd
,
kill'd
Jason
;
valuing
the
measure
of
the
punishment
by
the
pain
of
the
Minde
,
and
nor
of
the
Body
.
Thus
by
a
small
provocation
of
ingenious
Shame
,
a
great
Undertaking
was
subverted
.
Because
that
in
the
opinion
of
Greece
,
there
was
as
much
expected
from
Jason
,
as
from
Alexander
.
CHAP.
XI
.
Of
things
naughtily
said
,
and
wickedly
done
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Tullia
Servilia
.
-
2.
C.
Fimbria
Tribune
of
the
People
.
-
3.
L.
Catiline
.
-
4.
Magius
Chilo
.
-
5.
C.
Toranius
.
-
6.
Villius
Annalis
.
-
7.
The
wife
of
Vettius
Salassus
.
FORREIGNERS
.
-
1.
Two
Spanish
Brothers
.
-
2.
Mithridates
the
King
.
-
3.
Sariaster
the
Son
of
Tigranes
.
-
4.
L.
Aelius
Sejanus
.
NOw
because
we
pursue
the
good
and
bad
things
of
humane
Life
,
let
us
go
on
with
what
hath
been
naughtily
said
,
and
wickedly
done
.
1.
But
where
shall
I
better
begin
than
from
Tullia
?
as
being
the
ancientest
in
time
,
the
wickedest
and
most
monstrous
Example
of
Impiety
.
Who
,
when
her
Charioteer
,
as
she
was
riding
in
her
Chariot
,
stopp'd
his
Horses
;
upon
her
enquiry
finding
that
the
dead
body
of
her
Father
,
Servius
Tullius
,
lay
in
the
way
,
caus'd
the
Charioteer
to
drive
over
it
;
that
she
might
hasten
to
the
embraces
of
Tarquinius
,
who
had
slain
him
.
By
which
impious
and
shameful
haste
,
she
not
only
stain'd
herself
with
eternal
Infamy
,
but
also
the
very
Village
it self
,
which
was
called
,
The
wicked
Village
,
after
that
.
2.
Not
so
horrible
was
the
Act
and
Saying
of
C.
Fimbria
;
though
consider'd
by
themselves
,
both
very
abominable
.
He
had
order'd
it
,
that
Scaevola
should
be
killed
at
the
Funeral
of
C.
Marius
;
whom
after
he
found
to
be
recovered
of
his
Wound
,
he
resolv'd
to
accuse
to
the
People
.
Being
then
ask'd
what
he
could
say
truely
of
him
,
whose
conversation
was
not
to
be
blamed
;
answered
,
that
he
would
accuse
him
,
For
not
receiving
the
Dart
any
further
into
his
Body
.
3.
L.
Catiline
,
Cicero
saying
in
the
Senate
,
that
there
was
a
great
fire
kindled
by
him
;
I
perceive
it
,
said
he
;
and
if
I
could
not
quench
it
with
Water
,
I
would
with
Ruine
.
What
can
we
think
,
but
that
the
stings
of
his
Conscience
moved
him
to
finish
the
act
of
Parricide
which
he
began
?
4.
The
Breast
of
Magius
Chilo
was
deeply
troubled
with
Madness
:
Who
with
his
own
hand
snatch'd
away
Marcellus's
Life
that
Caesar
had
given
him
.
For
being
an
old
Souldier
under
Pompey
,
he
took
it
ill
that
any
of
Pompey's
friends
should
be
preferr'd
before
him
.
For
as
he
was
upon
his
return
from
Mitylene
to
the
City
,
he
stabb'd
him
with
a
Dagger
in
the
Port
of
Athens
.
An
Enemy
of
Friendship
,
an
Intercepter
of
divine
Favour
,
and
the
Ignominy
of
publick
Faith
,
which
had
promis'd
the
Life
of
so
great
a
person
.
5.
To
this
Cruelty
,
to
which
there
seems
no
addition
to
be
made
,
C.
Caius
Toranius
exceeds
in
heinousness
of
Parricide
.
For
adhering
to
the
Faction
of
the
Triumviri
,
he
described
to
the
Centurions
the
marks
,
the
age
and
lurking
places
of
his
proscrib'd
Father
,
a
famous
person
,
and
of
the
Praetorian
Order
,
to
the
end
they
might
finde
him
out
.
The
Old-man
more
concerned
for
the
life
and
advancement
of
his
Son
,
than
for
the
remainder
of
his
days
,
enquired
of
the
Centurions
whether
his
Son
were
safe
,
and
whether
he
pleas'd
his
Generals
.
One
of
which
made
answer
,
Being
shewed
by
him
,
said
he
,
whom
thou
so
much
lovest
,
we
are
come
to
be
thy
Executioners
;
and
presently
ran
him
through
.
Thus
fell
that
unhappy
man
,
more
miserable
in
the
author
of
his
Death
,
then
in
his
Death
it self
.
6.
Which
was
the
bitter
Lot
of
L.
Villius
Annlis
.
Who
coming
into
the
Field
to
the
choice
of
his
Son
for
Qu●●●
,
and
knowing
himself
to
be
proscrib'd
,
flew
to
his
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
ion.
But
the
wickedness
of
the
Youngman
was
th●
cause
,
that
he
was
not
safe
in
his
Protection
:
For
he
deliver'd
him
up
to
the
Souldiers
,
that
followed
his
steps
,
to
be
slain
in
his
presence
.
Twice
a
Parricide
,
by
Counsel
,
and
beholding
the
slaughter
.
7.
Vettius
Sallassus
proscrib'd
,
had
an
end
no
less
bitter
;
whom
being
hidden
,
what
shall
I
say
,
whether
his
Wife
delivered
him
to
be
slain
,
or
slew
him
her self
?
For
how
can
we
think
the
Crime
less
,
where
the
hand
is
only
absent
?
FORRAIGNERS
.
1.
But
this
fact
,
because
Forraign
,
shall
be
more
calmly
deliver'd
.
Scipio
Africanus
celebrating
the
Memory
of
his
Father
and
his
Uncle
at
New
Carthage
with
a
Gladiatory
gift
,
two
Kings
Sons
,
their
Father
being
dead
,
enter'd
upon
the
Sand
;
promising
there
to
fight
for
the
Kingdom
,
that
their
Combat
might
make
the
spectacle
mere
famous
.
Them
when
Scipio
admonish'd
rather
to
contend
in
words
than
blows
who
should
reign
,
and
that
the
elder
submitted
to
his
advice
;
the
younger
,
trusting
to
his
strength
,
persissed
in
his
Madness
.
But
the
issue
of
the
Combat
was
,
that
the
more
obstinate
Impiety
was
punished
with
Death
.
2.
Mithridates
much
move
wickedly
;
who
not
only
made
war
with
his
Brother
,
but
with
his
own
Father
himself
for
the
Kingdom
.
Wherein
,
how
he
got
assistants
to
help
him
,
or
durst
invoke
the
gods
,
is
to
me
a
wonder
.
3.
But
why
should
we
wonder
at
a
thing
as
not
usual
with
those
people
?
When
Sariaster
so
conspir'd
with
his
friends
against
Tigranes
his
Father
,
King
of
Armenia
,
that
all
of
them
let
themselves
blood
in
their
right
hands
,
and
drank
it
up
.
Hardly
were
such
a
bloody
Conspiracy
to
be
endur'd
for
the
safety
of
a
Parent
.
4.
But
why
do
I
slay
upon
these
Examples
,
when
I
see
all
Villanies
exceeded
by
the
thought
of
one
Parricide
?
And
therefore
I
am
transported
to
dilacerate
it
with
a
pious
,
rather
than
strong
affection
.
For
who
,
the
saith
of
Friendship
being
extinct
,
can
finde
words
enough
to
send
to
the
Abyss
of
due
execration
the
person
that
endeavoured
the
subversion
of
all
Mankinde
?
Couldst
thou
,
more
cruel
than
the
Cruelty
of
Bar●arism
it self
,
have
rul'd
the
reins
of
the
Roman
Empire
,
which
our
Prince
and
Parent
governs
with
his
protecting
Arm
?
Or
while
thou
wert
so
mad
,
could
the
world
have
remained
steady
?
Thy
purpose
was
to
have
represented
the
mad
intentions
of
thy
fury
,
and
to
have
outdone
the
City
taken
by
the
Gauls
,
the
slaughter
of
the
three
hundred
Noblemen
,
the
Battle
of
Allia
,
the
Scipio's
ruined
in
Spain
,
Thrasymene
,
Cannae
,
and
Aemathia
,
reaking
with
Civil
Blood
.
But
the
Eyes
of
the
Gods
were
awake
,
the
Stars
were
also
watchful
;
the
Altars
,
Beds
and
Temples
were
full
of
the
present
Numen
.
There
was
nothing
permitted
to
grow
drowsie
,
that
was
to
watch
over
the
head
and
safety
of
Augustus
.
And
in
the
first
place
the
Author
and
Defender
of
our
safety
by
his
divine
wisdome
provided
,
lest
his
famous
works
should
have
been
buried
in
the
ruine
of
the
whole
world
.
Therefore
Peace
remains
,
the
Laws
are
in
force
,
and
the
order
of
publick
and
private
Duty
stands
fast
.
For
he
that
endeavoured
to
subvert
all
these
,
by
violating
the
bonds
of
Friendship
,
trod
under
foot
with
all
his
Family
by
the
Roman
People
,
hath
now
his
punishment
in
Hell
,
if
he
deserve
to
be
there
.
CHAP.
XII
.
Of
Deaths
not
Vulgar
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Tullus
Hostilius
King
.
-
2.
The
two
Mothers
.
-
3.
Mu.
Juventius
Thalna
.
-
4.
Q.
Lutelius
Catulus
.
-
5.
L.
Cornelius
Merula
.
-
6.
Herennius
Siculus
.
-
7.
Licinius
Macer
.
-
8.
Cornelius
Gallus
and
T.
Haterius
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Coma
the
Brother
of
Cleon
Captain
of
the
Fugitives
.
-
2.
Ae●chylus
the
Poet.
-
3.
Homer
.
-
4.
Euripides
.
-
5.
Sophocles
.
-
6.
Philemon
.
-
7.
Pindarus
.
-
8.
Anacrcon
.
-
9.
Milo
the
Crotoniate
.
-
10.
Polydamas
of
Syracuse
.
THe
first
and
last
day
contain
the
condition
of
humane
Life
;
for
it
is
of
great
concern
with
what
lucky
Omens
it
begins
,
and
how
it
ends
.
And
therefore
we
accompt
him
happy
that
begins
his
Life
with
prosperity
,
and
ends
it
with
quietness
.
The
middle
course
of
time
is
sometimes
rugged
,
sometimes
calm
;
always
deceiving
hope
,
while
we
wish
it
long
,
and
yet
idly
consume
it
.
For
by
using
it
well
,
a
short
time
becomes
long
,
exceeding
the
multitude
of
years
in
the
number
of
famous
actions
.
But
not
to
wander
farther
,
let
us
mention
those
that
have
died
no
Vulgar
Deaths
.
Tullus
Hostilius
the
King
was
struck
with
Thunder
,
and
burnt
together
with
his
whole
Palace
.
A
singular
Lot
of
Fate
,
by
which
it
happen'd
,
that
the
Pillar
of
the
City
,
taken
away
in
the
City
it self
,
was
reduced
into
that
condition
by
the
flame
of
Heaven
,
that
the
Citizens
might
not
have
the
honour
of
bestowing
the
last
Funeral
Rites
upon
it
,
the
Palace
being
both
Funeral-Pile
and
Sepulcher
.
2.
'T
is
a
strange
thing
that
Joy
should
do
the
same
as
Thunder
;
and
yet
it
did
.
For
news
being
brought
of
the
slaughter
at
Thrasymene
;
One
Mother
meeting
her
Son
safe
in
the
Gate
,
expir'd
in
his
arms
;
another
upon
the
false
news
of
her
Sons
death
,
sitting
melancholy
at
home
,
at
the
first
sight
of
him
,
when
he
return'd
,
fell
down
dead
.
An
unusual
accident
,
that
they
whom
Grief
could
not
,
Joy
should
kill
.
3.
But
I
wonder
the
less
because
they
were
Women
.
Juventius
Thalna
,
Colleague
with
T.
Graccbus
the
Consul
,
sacrificing
in
Corsica
,
which
he
had
newly
subdued
,
and
receiving
Letters
that
Supplications
were
decreed
by
the
Senate
,
as
he
was
intently
reading
them
,
a
mist
rose
before
his
eyes
,
and
he
fell
down
dead
before
the
hearth
.
What
can
we
think
,
but
that
too
much
Joy
was
the
cause
of
his
Death
?
What
if
Numantia
or
Carthage
had
been
deliver'd
to
him
!
4.
C.
Catulus
,
a
Captain
of
a
greater
Spirit
,
and
Partaker
with
Marius
in
the
Cimbrian
Triumph
,
by
order
of
the
Senate
,
had
an
end
more
violent
.
For
by
the
same
Marius
afterwards
commanded
to
death
,
covered
himself
up
in
his
Bed
,
heated
vehemently
hot
,
and
daub'd
with
new
Lime
,
and
so
stifled
himself
.
5.
At
which
time
also
L.
Cornelius
Merula
,
of
Consular
Dignity
,
and
Priest
of
Jupiter
,
that
he
might
not
be
a
scorn
to
the
Insolency
of
the
Victors
,
opening
his
Veins
in
the
Temple
of
Jove
,
avoided
the
denunciation
of
his
Death
.
6.
A
sharp
and
stout
end
was
that
of
Herennius
the
Sicilian
,
who
was
both
a
Friend
and
Southsayer
to
C.
Gracchus
.
For
being
for
that
reason
carried
to
Prison
,
at
the
very
threshold
of
Ignominy
he
knock'd
out
his
own
Brains
against
the
post
of
the
door
,
and
there
died
:
One
degree
more
swift
than
Publick
Justice
,
or
the
hand
of
the
Executioner
.
7.
As
violent
was
the.
End
of
C.
Licinius
Macer
,
a
Praetorian
,
the
Father
of
Calvus
,
being
guilty
of
Bribery
;
while
the
Suffrages
were
separating
,
went
into
the
place
of
Judgment
,
and
seeing
M.
Cicero
,
who
assembled
the
Judges
,
preparing
to
plead
,
he
sent
to
tell
him
,
that
he
died
not
condemned
,
but
guilty
,
and
that
his
estate
could
not
be
confiscated
;
and
haying
so
said
,
stopping
his
Mouth
and
Nostrils
with
his
Handkerchief
,
and
holding
his
Breath
,
he
prevented
his
punishment
by
Death
.
Which
being
known
,
Cicero
forbore
to
pronounce
Sentence
.
Thus
an
Illustrious
person
freed
himself
from
an
unusual
sort
of
Death
,
from
the
shame
of
Condemnation
,
and
his
Family
from
Want
.
8.
This
a
stout
Death
,
the
next
ridiculous
.
For
Cornelius
Gallus
,
and
●
.
Haterius
a
Roman
Knight
,
expir'd
at
their
Venery
.
But
what
imports
it
to
reprehend
the
Fate
of
those
,
whom
not
their
Lust
,
but
the
condition
of
humane
frailty
brought
to
an
end
?
For
the
end
of
Life
being
●xpos'd
to
various
and
occult
Causes
,
sometimes
certain
accidents
gain
the
title
of
Supreme
Fate
,
when
they
rather
happen
at
the
time
of
Death
,
than
any
way
hasten
it
.
FORREIGNERS
.
1.
The
Deaths
of
Strangers
are
also
very
remarkable
;
as
that
of
Coma
,
the
Brother
of
Clean
the
greatest
Captain
of
Thieves
in
his
time
.
For
he
being
brought
to
Rupilius
the
Consul
after
the
taking
of
Enna
,
which
the
Thieves
kept
,
being
examined
touching
the
force
and
designes
of
the
Fugitives
,
resuming
time
to
collect
himself
,
he
covered
his
Head
,
with
his
Knees
bent
,
and
holding
his
Breath
,
he
expir'd
in
the
hands
of
his
Keepers
,
and
in
the
sight
of
the
supreme
Command
.
Let
the
miserable
torment
themselves
,
to
whom
it
is
more
profitable
to
dye
than
live
,
with
timorous
and
dubious
counsel
how
to
end
their
Lives
:
Let
them
sharpen
their
Knives
,
temper
Poysons
,
take
Halters
,
view
Precipices
,
as
if
it
required
some
preparation
or
exact
method
to
separate
the
strict
society
of
Soul
and
Body
.
Coma
made
use
of
none
of
these
,
but
his
Soul
being
shut
up
in
his
breast
,
sound
its
own
way
.
2.
The
Death
of
Aescbylus
,
though
not
voluntary
,
may
be
however
related
for
the
novelty
.
For
walking
out
of
the
●●w●
where
he
liv'd
in
Sicily
,
he
sate
down
in
a
conve●●●●
place
;
upon
whom
an
Eagle
bearing
a
Tortoise
,
deceived
by
the
baldness
of
his
head
,
let
fall
the
Tortoise
to
break
it
,
that
he
might
come
at
the
flesh
.
And
by
that
blow
the
beginning
of
a
higher
Tragedy
was
stifled
in
the
birth
.
3.
Nor
was
the
cause
of
Homer's
Death
vulgar
:
Who
is
said
to
have
died
for
grief
,
because
he
could
not
answer
a
question
which
the
Fishers
put
to
him
.
4.
More
sad●
was
the
destiny
of
Euripides
.
For
returning
to
the
house
where
he
lay
in
Macedonia
,
from
supping
with
King
Archelaus
,
he
was
torn
to
pieces
by
Dogs
.
A
fate
too
severe
for
so
great
a
Wit.
5.
Sophocles
being
very
old
,
and
having
rehears'd
a
Tragedy
at
the
publick
place
for
tri●l
of
Wit
,
after
a
long
dispute
remaining
at
length
Victor
by
one
voice
,
died
for
joy
that
he
had
won
.
6.
Philemon
was
carried
off
by
immoderate
laughter
.
For
an
Ass
eating
certain
Figs
that
were
prepared
for
him
,
and
set
before
him
,
he
call'd
the
boy
to
drive
him
away
:
who
not
coming
till
the
Ass
had
eaten
them
all
up
;
Because
then
comest
so
late
,
said
he
,
prethee
give
the
Ass
some
Wine
too
;
and
prosecuting
his
Jeast
with
an
intemperancy
of
Laughter
,
stopp'd
up
the
passages
of
the
Spirits
.
7.
But
Pindarus
laying
his
head
in
the
School
on
a
Boy
's
lap
,
who
was
his
only
delight
,
and
composing
himself
for
rest
,
was
not
known
to
be
dead
,
till
the
Master
of
the
Exercising-place
,
where
he
lay
,
going
to
shut
the
doors
,
sought
in
vain
to
wake
him
.
Certainly
the
same
favour
of
the
Gods
granted
him
his
Poetic
Eloquence
,
and
such
an
easie
Death
.
8.
As
happen'd
also
to
Anacreon
,
though
he
had
outlived
the
age
of
man
,
whom
,
cherishing
his
old
age
with
the
juice
of
Raisins
,
the
more
thick
moisture
of
one
Grape
sticking
in
his
Throat
,
carried
off
.
9.
I
will
adde
those
,
whose
Exit
and
Intent
were
alike
.
Milo
the
Crotoniate
,
as
he
was
travelling
,
seeing
an
Oak
clest
with
Wedges
,
trusting
to
his
strength
,
went
to
the
Oak
,
and
thought
with
his
hands
to
pull
one
from
the
other
.
But
the
Wedges
falling
out
,
the
Oak
closed
again
,
and
there
kept
him
,
till
with
all
the
Palms
and
Victories
he
had
won
,
the
wild
beasts
came
and
devoured
him
.
10.
Polydamas
also
,
the
Wrastler
,
being
forced
by
stress
of
weather
to
shelter
himself
in
a
Cave
,
which
being
weakned
and
ready
to
fall
,
while
his
Companions
ran
away
,
he
only
stood
still
,
thinking
to
have
upheld
the
weight
with
his
Shoulders
.
But
being
opprest
with
a
weight
more
powerful
than
humane
strength
,
the
shelter
which
he
sought
from
the
shower
,
became
the
Sepulcher
of
his
own
mad
fate
.
These
Examples
may
teach
us
,
that
Vigour
of
Minde
and
vast
Strength
of
Body
are
not
always
companions
.
Nature
not
affording
two
such
great
Benefits
together
,
that
the
same
person
should
at
once
be
the
most
strong
and
the
most
wise
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
Of
Desire
of
Life
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Mu.
Aquilius
Consular
Legate
.
-
2.
Cn.
Carbo
thrice
Consul
.
-
3.
D.
Junius
Brutus
Proconsul
.
FORRAIGNERS
.
-
1.
Xerxes
King
of
Persia
.
-
2.
Massinissa
King
of
the
Numidians
.
-
3.
Alexander
King
of
the
Phereans
.
-
4.
Dionysius
the
Tyrant
.
NOw
because
we
have
touch'd
upon
some
casual
,
some
couragious
,
some
rash
terminations
of
Life
;
we
may
now
adde
some
that
are
low-spirited
and
effeminate
.
That
by
the
comparison
it
may
appear
,
how
Death
may
be
sometimes
not
only
more
stoutly
,
but
more
prudently
desired
.
1.
Mu.
Aquilius
,
when
he
might
have
bravely
died
,
chose
rather
to
be
an
ignominious
slave
to
Mithridates
.
Whether
shall
we
say
he
best
deserved
the
Pontic
punisshment
,
or
the
Roman
Empire
?
Since
he
permitted
private
Ignominy
to
be
the
publick
Shame
.
2.
Cn.
Carbo
is
a
great
blot
to
the
Latine
Annals
,
who
in
his
third
Consulship
,
being
sent
to
be
put
to
death
in
Sicily
by
Pompey
,
humbly
and
with
tears
in
his
eyes
begg'd
of
the
Souldiers
,
that
he
might
have
time
to
ease
himself
before
he
suffered
,
that
he
might
enjoy
that
miserable
moment
of
a
pitiful
Life
:
and
so
long
he
delayed
,
till
his
head
was
sordidly
cut
off
as
he
sate
.
The
words
relating
so
much
Pusillanimity
,
are
at
variance
among
themselves
,
neither
friendly
to
silence
,
because
they
deserve
not
to
be
conceal'd
;
nor
familiar
to
rehearsal
,
when
the
subject
nau●eates
.
2.
Brutus
with
how
much
shame
did
he
buy
an
unhappy
and
small
moment
of
Life
!
For
being
taken
by
Furius
,
whom
Antonius
had
sent
to
apprehend
him
,
not
only
withdrew
his
Neck
from
the
Sword
;
but
being
admonish'd
to
hold
still
,
he
swore
in
these
words
,
As
I
live
,
I
will
hold
it
forth
.
O
contemptible
delay
of
fate
!
O
stolid
and
silly
Oath
!
But
these
are
thy
deliriums
,
out
of
an
immoderate
desire
of
the
sweets
of
Life
,
expel●●ng
that
measure
of
Reason
,
which
teaches
to
love
Life
,
yet
not
to
fear
Death
.
FORREIGNERS
.
1.
Thou
the
same
sweetness
of
Life
didst
compel
Xerxes
to
shed
tears
for
the
armed
Youth
of
all
Asia
,
of
which
there
would
be
none
remaining
in
less
than
an
hundred
years
.
Who
thereby
seem'd
to
me
,
while
he
bewail'd
others
,
to
deplore
his
own
condition
.
Happy
rather
in
the
multitude
of
his
Riches
,
than
in
the
deep
Reflexion
of
his
thoughts
.
For
who
but
meanly
prudent
would
bewail
that
he
was
born
mortal
?
2.
I
will
relate
others
now
,
who
having
others
in
suspicion
,
fought
to
have
a
more
exquisite
care
of
themselves
.
Nor
will
I
begin
from
the
most
miserable
,
but
one
that
was
accompted
the
most
happy
among
a
few
.
Massinissa
the
King
reposing
but
little
faith
in
Men
,
secur'd
himself
with
a
guard
of
Dogs
.
What
meant
so
large
an
Empire
?
What
so
great
a
number
of
Children
?
What
the
Roman
Friendship
so
strictly
allied
to
him
?
If
to
secure
all
these
,
he
thought
nothing
more
powerful
than
the
barking
and
biting
of
Dogs
?
3.
Alexander
was
more
unhappy
than
this
King
;
whose
minde
on
the
one
side
Love
,
on
the
other
Fear
tormented
.
For
being
infinitely
enamour'd
of
his
Wife
Thebe
,
going
to
her
from
a
Banquet
into
her
Chamber
,
he
caus'd
a
Barbarian
Fugitive
to
go
before
him
with
his
Sword
drawn
.
Nor
did
he
put
himself
to
bed
,
till
he
was
diligently
search'd
by
those
about
him
.
A
mix'd
Punishment
,
through
the
anger
of
the
Gods
,
that
he
could
neither
command
his
Lust
nor
his
Fear
.
Of
whose
Fear
the
cause
and
end
was
the
same
.
For
Thebe
slew
Alexander
,
provoked
by
his
Adultery
.
4.
Dionysius
Tyrant
of
Syracuse
,
how
long
a
story
might
he
make
of
this
fear
?
Who
prolonged
a
Tyranny
of
two
and
forty
years
,
in
this
manner
:
He
removed
his
Friends
,
and
substituted
in
their
places
men
brought
from
the
most
fierce
of
Nations
,
and
stout
Servants
pick'd
out
of
wealthy
Families
for
his
Guard
;
and
out
of
fear
of
a
Barber
,
taught
his
Daughters
to
shave
:
into
whose
hands
,
when
they
came
to
ripe
Age
,
not
daring
to
commit
Iron
,
he
order'd
his
Beard
and
Hair
to
be
burnt
off
with
the
flame
of
the
skins
of
Walnuts
.
Nor
was
he
a
more
secure
Husband
than
he
was
a
Father
.
For
having
married
at
the
same
time
Aristomache
of
Syracuse
,
and
Cloris
of
Locris
,
he
never
lay
with
either
till
they
were
searched
.
And
he
entrench'd
his
Bed
,
like
a
Camp
,
into
which
he
went
over
a
wooden
Bridge
,
leaving
the
outward
Chamber-door
open
to
his
Guards
,
and
carefully
locking
the
inner
himself
.
CHAP.
XIV
.
Of
Similitude
of
Form
.
ROMANS
.
-
1.
Cn.
Pompey
the
Great
,
with
Vibius
and
Publicius
.
-
2.
Cn.
Pompey
Strabo
with
Menogenes
the
Cook
.
-
3.
P.
Scipio
Nasica
with
Serapius
.
-
4.
P.
Lentulus
and
Qu.
Metellus
Consuls
,
with
Spinther
and
Pamphilus
the
Players
.
-
5.
M.
Messala
and
C.
Curio
with
Menoges
and
Bubuleius
Scenics
.
FORREIGNERS
.
-
1.
Antiochus
King
of
Syria
with
Artemon
.
-
2.
Hybras
the
Orator
with
a
Servant
of
the
Cymaeans
.
-
3.
A
Sicilian
Fisher
with
a
Roman
Praetor
.
COncerning
the
likeness
of
Countenance
and
Proportion
,
the
more
Learned
dispute
subtily
.
And
some
are
of
opinion
,
that
it
answers
to
the
original
and
composition
of
the
blood
.
Nor
do
they
draw
a
mean
Argument
from
other
Creatures
,
which
are
like
those
that
beget
them
.
Others
deny
this
to
be
the
Constitution
of
Nature
,
but
an
Accidental
Chance
of
Conception
.
And
therefore
many
times
the
beautiful
bring
forth
deformed
,
the
strong
produce
weak
Children
.
But
because
the
Question
is
doubtful
,
let
us
produce
a
few
Examples
of
noted
Likeness
.
1.
Vibius
of
a
good
Family
,
and
Publicius
the
Freed-man
were
so
like
Pompey
the
Great
,
that
changing
their
condition
,
they
might
have
been
saluted
for
him
,
and
he
for
them
.
Certainly
,
wherever
Vibius
or
Publicius
came
,
all
mens
eyes
were
upon
them
;
every
one
remarking
the
form
of
a
mighty
Citizen
in
persons
of
mean
degree
.
Which
kind
of
Mockery
became
almost
hereditary
to
him
.
2.
For
his
Father
also
was
so
exceeding
like
Menogenes
his
Cook
,
that
a
man
fierce
in
Courage
and
potent
in
Arms
could
not
avoid
that
sordid
name
upon
himself
.
3.
Cornelius
Scipio
a
young
man
,
illustrious
for
his
Nobility
,
abounding
in
many
famous
Sirnames
of
his
Family
,
could
not
scape
the
servile
Appellation
of
Scrapio
;
being
so
like
a
Killer
of
the
Sacrifices
who
was
of
that
Name
.
Nor
could
the
Probity
of
his
Life
,
nor
the
Antiquity
of
his
Family
,
any
way
prevail
against
the
Scandal
.
4.
A
most
generous
Colleagueship
was
that
of
Lentulus
and
Metellus
.
Yet
both
were
look'd
upon
as
Players
,
so
like
they
were
to
two
Histrio's
upon
the
Stage
.
For
the
one
got
the
sirname
of
Spinther
,
an
Actor
of
the
Second
Parts
;
and
if
the
other
had
not
had
the
sirname
of
Nepos
from
his
Ancestors
,
he
had
had
the
sirname
of
Pamphilus
,
an
Actor
of
Third
Parts
,
whom
he
so
much
resembled
.
5.
But
M.
Messala
,
of
Consular
Dignity
,
was
forced
to
receive
the
sirname
of
Menogenes
;
and
Curio
,
abounding
in
wealth
,
that
of
Barbuleius
:
the
one
by
reason
of
the
likeness
of
their
Faces
;
the
other
,
because
of
the
likeness
of
their
Gate
.
FORREIGNERS
.
1.
These
are
enough
for
Domesticks
,
because
they
are
particularly
remarkable
in
reference
to
the
persons
,
and
not
obscure
in
relation
to
common
knowledge
.
There
was
one
Artemon
by
name
,
and
related
to
the
Royal
Family
,
who
was
affirm'd
to
be
very
like
to
King
Antiochus
:
Whom
Laodice
having
murder'd
her
Husband
,
to
conceal
the
fact
,
laid
in
her
Husbands
Bed
,
to
counterfeit
the
King
as
sick
.
And
by
his
Countenance
and
Voice
deceived
all
people
that
were
admitted
to
see
him
,
and
believed
that
Laodice
and
her
Children
were
recommended
by
dying
Antiochus
to
their
care
.
2.
Hybreas
of
Mylasa
,
an
Oratour
of
a
smart
and
copious
Eloquence
,
was
so
like
a
Servant
of
the
Cymaeans
,
that
swept
the
Wrastling-School
,
that
all
the
eyes
of
Asia
took
him
for
his
own
Brother
;
so
like
he
was
in
all
the
Lineaments
of
Face
and
Members
.
3.
But
he
that
was
in
Sicily
so
like
the
Praetor
,
was
of
a
petulant
disposition
.
For
the
Proconsul
saying
,
That
be
wonder'd
how
he
should
come
to
be
so
like
him
,
when
his
Father
had
never
been
in
that
Countrey
;
But
mine
,
answered
the
other
,
went
frequently
to
Rome
.
Revenging
by
that
means
the
Injury
done
to
his
Mothers
Chastity
,
by
a
Suspition
thrown
upon
the
Mother
of
the
Proconsul
:
yet
more
boldly
than
became
a
man
that
was
under
the
Lash
and
Axe
of
Authority
.
Chap.
XV.
Of
those
who
by
lying
have
thrust
themselves
into
Families
which
they
never
belong'd
to
.
-
1.
L.
Equitius
Firmanus
.
-
2.
Erophilus
the
Farrier
.
-
3.
The
false
son
of
Octavia
Augustus
's
Sister
.
-
4.
The
false
son
of
Sertorius
.
-
5.
Trebellius
Calca
.
-
6.
C.
Asinius
Dio
,
false
.
FORREIGNERS
.
-
1.
Rubria
of
Millain
false
.
-
2.
Ariarathes
the
false
King
of
Cappadocia
.
THe
former
was
a
tolerable
piece
of
Impudence
,
and
only
dangerous
to
himself
.
That
which
follows
is
no
way
to
be
endur'd
,
and
not
only
privately
,
but
publickly
dangerous
.
1.
For
that
I
my
not
omit
Equitius
;
a
Monster
out
of
Firmum
in
Piceni
,
whose
manifest
lye
in
counterfeiting
himself
the
Son
of
T.
Gracchus
,
by
the
turbulent
mistake
of
the
Vulgar
,
was
defended
by
the
power
of
the
Tribune
.
2.
Herophilus
the
Farrier
,
by
claiming
Marius
seven
times
Consul
for
his
Grandfather
,
so
set
himself
forth
,
that
most
of
the
Colonies
of
the
Veterane
Souldiers
,
and
noble
free
Towns
,
adopted
him
for
their
Patron
.
Nay
when
Caesar
,
having
overcome
young
Pompey
in
Spain
,
had
admitted
the
people
into
his
Gardens
,
he
was
saluted
in
the
next
space
between
the
Pillars
by
the
Multitude
.
And
had
nor
Caesar
prudently
prevented
the
storm
,
the
Commonwealth
had
suffer'd
as
much
by
him
as
by
Equitius
.
But
being
banished
out
of
Italy
by
him
,
after
he
was
taken
into
Heaven
,
the
other
return'd
into
the
City
,
and
durst
attempt
to
plot
the
killing
of
the
Senate
.
For
which
reason
being
by
the
command
of
the
Fathers
put
to
Death
in
Prison
,
he
had
the
late
reward
of
a
quick
intention
to
do
mischief
.
3.
Neither
was
the
Deity
of
the
World
,
Augustus
himself
,
ruling
the
world
,
exempt
from
this
kinde
of
Imposture
:
There
being
a
certain
person
that
durst
to
affirm
himself
born
of
the
womb
of
his
most
dear
Sister
Octavia
;
saying
,
that
for
the
infirmity
of
his
body
,
he
was
put
out
to
the
person
that
bred
him
,
and
his
Son
taken
in
in
his
stead
.
Thus
at
the
same
time
endeavouring
to
deprive
a
most
sacred
Family
of
the
Memory
of
their
true
Blood
,
and
to
contaminate
it
with
the
contagion
of
a
Lye
.
But
while
he
soar'd
to
the
utmost
degree
of
boldness
,
he
was
by
Caesar
condemn'd
to
the
Gallies
.
4.
There
was
also
one
who
affirm'd
himself
to
be
the
Son
of
Q.
Sertorius
,
whose
Wife
would
by
no
means
be
compell'd
to
acknowledge
him
.
5.
Trebellius
Calca
,
how
stedfastly
did
he
justifie
himself
to
be
Clodius
!
And
while
he
contended
for
his
Estate
,
was
so
favourably
receiv'd
by
the
Court
of
Judicature
,
that
the
tumult
of
the
people
would
hardly
give
way
for
a
just
and
legal
Sentence
.
However
,
the
Constancy
of
the
Judges
would
not
give
way
,
either
to
the
Calumnies
of
the
Claimer
,
nor
the
fury
of
the
People
.
6.
Much
more
stoutly
was
that
done
by
him
,
who
when
L.
Sylla
rul'd
in
chief
,
brake
into
the
house
of
Asinius
Dio
,
and
expell'd
his
Son
out
of
doors
,
clamouring
that
it
was
he
that
was
Dio's
Son
.
But
when
Caesar's
Equity
had
freed
the
Commonwealth
from
Sylla's
Tyranny
,
a
juster
Prince
steering
the
helm
of
Government
,
the
Impostor
died
in
Jail
.
FORREIGNERS
.
1.
While
the
same
Prince
governed
,
the
Rashness
of
a
Woman
was
punish'd
at
Milan
,
upon
account
of
the
same
Imposture
.
For
attesting
herself
to
be
one
Rubria
,
and
claiming
by
that
means
an
Estace
that
belong'd
not
to
her
;
though
she
wanted
neither
favour
nor
Witnesses
,
yet
the
invincible
Constancy
of
Caesar
disappointed
her
of
her
hopes
.
The
same
person
compell'd
to
just
punishment
a
Barbarian
affecting
the
Kingdom
of
Cappadocia
,
and
affirming
himself
to
be
Ariarathes
,
who
was
certainly
known
to
have
been
slain
by
Mark
Antony
;
though
at
the
same
time
he
had
deluded
most
of
the
Cities
and
People
of
the
East
.