❧
The
first
Booke
of
Offices
.
ALbeit
Anniball
for
scoffing
at
the
most
profound
and
learned
Philosopher
Phormio
,
because
hee
began
abruptly
to
prescribe
a
forme
for
the
order
and
instruction
of
Battels
,
was
by
some
very
wise
men
condemned
of
extreame
and
very
barbarous
pride
;
as
in
repining
,
that
any
man
being
shadowed
at
home
amongst
his
bookes
,
should
attaine
that
excellent
skill
in
warre
which
he
by
learning
expressed
:
yet
doe
not
I
my selfe
thinke
,
being
so
meerely
weake
and
farre
short
of
that
Philosopher
in
all
good
knowledge
and
literature
,
as
there
is
distance
of
leagues
betwixt
the
spheres
of
Saturne
and
the
Moone
,
but
that
I
were
worthie
to
be
rebuked
and
canuased
,
if
either
I
should
write
these
offices
,
as
instructions
for
noblemen
,
and
sage
Counsellors
of
any
Commonwealth
,
so
farre
exceeding
my
skill
and
iudgement
as
there
haue
yeares
passed
betwixt
the
date
of
Phormioes
death
and
of
my
wretched
life
:
or
if
I
should
bewray
such
stupiditie
,
by
teaching
men
equall
in
degrees
and
arts
with
my selfe
that
which
they
can
as
well
or
better
relate
than
I
:
or
to
bee
short
,
if
in
the
Leuin
of
arrogancie
I
should
presume
to
talke
of
things
surreaching
the
scope
of
my
apprehension
.
Yet
hauing
collected
many
things
by
reading
;
a
little
with
experience
,
and
somewhat
through
obseruation
,
I
did
as
appeareth
simply
couch
them
together
in
a
little
volume
,
containing
these
foure
bookes
of
Offices
,
which
I
submit
to
the
learned
and
right
honourable
Reader
:
for
that
onely
respecting
him
,
I
would
cleere
my selfe
of
such
scandalous
imputations
,
as
otherwise
percase
might
wound
my
negligence
with
the
points
of
foolishnesse
and
arrogancie
.
The
discourse
ensuing
is
both
short
and
luculent
,
needing
not
(
for
memories
sake
)
any
preposition
of
argument
or
Dycotomie
,
such
as
it
is
simple
and
naked
,
with
a
most
willing
and
cheerefull
heart
I
profer
:
onely
requesting
pardon
for
my
boldnesse
,
and
to
bee
protected
by
them
that
are
verily
noble
from
all
grosse
and
malicious
misconstructions
of
the
vulgar
.
The
first
and
chiefe
place
in
all
ciuile
gouernment
vnder
princes
and
Commonweales
,
Dion
Cassius
,
Francis
Patricius
,
Barthol
.
Cassanaeus
,
Hyppolito
,
Furio
Ceriolano
,
with
others
,
which
haue
by
their
bookes
opened
the
formes
of
counsels
,
concerning
the
state
of
any
kingdome
,
remaineth
to
the
Treasurers
,
which
by
the
Romanes
were
called
Quaestores
à
quaerendo
,
because
they
did
seeke
how
to
magnifie
,
corroborate
,
and
amplifie
the
Commonwealth
by
lawfull
and
honourable
meanes
,
for
the
speciall
weale
of
those
states
and
princes
vnder
whom
they
did
administer
;
and
also
did
faithfully
conserue
those
riches
to
their
trust
committed
.
Hence
is
it
that
Dion
tearmeth
,
Quaesturam
primum
gradumin
Senat●…
:
howbeit
Iustus
Lipsius
,
not
wholly
suffragating
to
that
opinion
,
Aede
Saturni
.
This
institution
of
Treasurers
Tacitus
would
haue
amongst
the
Romans
,
when
the
Consular
estate
was
first
established
,
Anno
23.
after
their
kings
were
abolished
:
some
thinke
they
were
first
ordained
,
Anno
Vrb.
conditae
269
:
But
it
is
not
so
doubtfull
,
as
needlesse
,
precisely
to
stand
vpon
that
point
:
onely
this
,
the
place
of
Treasurers
being
first
amongst
the
ciuile
magistrates
(
as
at
this
day
in
Fraunce
;
where
Les
generalx
des
finances
,
&
les
presedents
des
accomptes
,
haue
a
prioritie
not
onely
before
both
the
Counsels
strict
and
at
large
;
but
also
before
the
foure
Primiers
Presidents
in
that
realme
;
as
our
Lord
high
Treasurer
of
England
hath
also
:
whose
place
with
vs
is
highest
next
vnto
the
Lord
Chancelour
in
ciuile
reputation
)
giueth
me
some
cause
to
digest
the
same
into
my
first
booke
of
Offices
;
being
as
I
may
tearme
it
notvnfitly
that
liuer
wherein
the
blood
(
which
possesseth
the
mouing
life
of
euery
commonwealth
)
is
contained
.
For
euen
as
moneyes
are
fitly
called
the
sinews
of
war
,
so
may
we
likewise
properly
tearme
them
the
blood
of
peace
:
and
therefore
that
state
or
kingdome
,
whose
treasure
is
exhausted
(
though
it
be
most
ample
,
populous
,
and
puissant
in
other
things
)
may
be
called
bloodlesse
and
languishing
,
according
to
the
saying
of
that
learned
Lawman
:
Nobilitas
sine
diuitijs
pené
mortua
est
,
tanquam
corpus
exangue
.
Riches
therefore
may
bee
properly
tearmed
the
blood
of
peace
,
that
entering
the
veines
or
conduits
of
the
liuer
,
which
may
semblably
be
likened
to
the
Treasurers
office
,
and
reflowing
thence
,
benignely
disperseth
it selfe
into
the
members
of
the
whole
bodie
,
resembling
analogically
the
Commonwealth
,
for
the
generall
sustentation
and
nurriture
thereof
.
It
is
the
bone
of
that
strong
arme
,
by
which
the
kingdome
is
in
time
of
peace
strengthened
against
all
hostile
attempts
.
It
is
the
marrow
by
which
that
bone
is
seasoned
,
soupled
,
and
confirmed
:
or
rather
that
arme
which
is
strongly
nourished
,
enabled
,
and
knit
with
those
sinewes
,
veines
,
blood
,
bones
,
and
pith
;
wherein
remaineth
a
proportionable
strength
,
guiding
the
sacred
sword
of
iustice
in
hand
.
The
charge
of
Treasurers
consisteth
in
the
receiuing
,
keeping
,
and
disbursing
of
the
prince
his
money
,
consisting
in
the
reuenewes
of
his
Empire
;
amplified
by
the
tributes
of
his
subiects
;
supplied
by
the
subsides
,
fines
,
and
forfeitures
of
cities
,
societies
,
and
malefactors
;
relieued
with
the
tallages
and
customes
of
marchants
and
aduenturers
;
magnified
in
the
prizes
and
presents
,
ordinarily
resulting
from
forraine
princes
and
people
,
either
friends
or
enemies
:
and
as
Titus
Liuius
writeth
:
Munera
Quaestoris
sunt
pecuniae
publicae
acceptio
&
expensio
;
signorum
militarium
Generalx
des
finances
,
vpon
the
like
considerations
,
and
respects
may
cut
off
,
or
curtall
at
their
pleasures
the
kings
gifts
and
bounties
,
issuing
out
of
his
Treasuries
,
Lands
,
or
Reuenewes
(
if
in
their
wisedomes
it
seeme
expedient
:
)
and
therfore
(
as
I
should
thinke
)
they
might
by
the
like
reason
also
be
called
Cancellarij
,
because
they
Tanquam
Tutores
,
limit
the
kings
mind
intra
rationis
&
moderationis
caucellos
.
This
counsell
of
Treasurers
conuerseth
in
the
exportation
of
such
commodities
,
as
euery
Common-weale
out
of
her
friendship
,
or
abundance
exchangeth
or
ministreth
;
hauing
equall
respect
vnto
the
induction
,
or
reinuection
of
such
other
marchandize
,
as
their
people
need
and
couet
most
:
Likewise
in
all
treasures
vnder
ground
,
as
in
mines
and
minerals
of
gold
,
and
siluer
,
copper
,
tinne
,
lead
,
and
yron
;
the
richest
commonly
belonging
to
the
prince
of
that
soyle
,
where
such
treasures
are
opened
;
and
others
either
bygraunt
or
otherwise
,
according
to
legall
tenure
of
Frank
Charter
,
or
of
other
immunities
royall
in
tenure
of
such
subiects
,
as
accordingly
make
payment
to
the
custome
,
or
imposition
of
the
prince
or
countrey
.
Wherefore
it
behooueth
,
that
such
as
be
chosen
into
that
place
and
authoritie
,
bee
men
not
of
learning
and
temperance
onely
;
but
of
good
yeares
and
much
experience
also
:
howbeit
the
Romanes
did
make
choice
of
their
Quaestores
at
twentie
fiue
yeares
,
according
to
Tacitus
.
Which
greene
age
could
not
amongst
vs
haue
The
Lord
high
Treasurer
of
England
his
office
is
in
the
Exchequer
,
erected
by
king
William
the
first
,
for
safe
custodie
of
his
crown
lands
,
and
of
those
records
which
may
concerne
them
.
To
which
Queene
Marie
ioyned
the
Surueyors
generall
,
the
court
of
Augmentations
and
reuenewes
of
the
Crowne
,
with
the
first
fruits
and
tenths
of
Benefices
,
being
erected
by
that
king
of
good
memorie
,
Henrie
the
eight
.
This
office
is
called
Scaccarium
,
of
a
certaine
large
square
table
,
which
according
to
Geruas
of
Tilburie
,
cited
by
M.
William
Camden
,
hath
a
chequered
cloth
brought
and
spread
vpon
it
,
in
the
tearme
of
Easter
,
as
a
place
or
table
of
iust
proportion
,
account
,
or
iudgement
;
in
all
causes
respecting
the
royall
treasure
or
reuenewes
:
where
all
ciuile
causes
betwixt
the
prince
and
his
tenants
are
indifferently
decided
.
Iudges
in
this
court
are
,
the
Lord
high
Treasurer
of
England
,
the
Chancelour
of
the
Exchequer
,
the
Lord
chiefe
Baron
of
that
court
,
with
other
foure
Barons
assistants
,
the
Remembrancer
,
Engrosser
,
Controller
,
Clearkes
of
the
Pleas
,
and
of
the
Pipe-office
;
Auditors
with
their
clearkes
,
Apposer
,
Chamberlaine
,
Clerke
of
the
Streights
,
Marshall
,
Clearke
of
the
Summons
,
deputie
Chamberlaines
;
Secondaries
to
the
Remembrancer
,
to
the
Treasurer
,
and
to
the
Pipe-office
.
Also
in
the
office
of
receit
M.
Vice
Treasurer
,
Clerkes
of
the
Tally
,
and
of
the
Parchments
,
with
diuerse
other
inferiour
officers
.
All
which
are
ordained
for
the
conseruation
and
amplification
of
those
foresaid
reuenewes
,
and
of
diuers
other
pecuniarie
duties
,
ordinarie
and
extraordinarie
;
by
which
the
ciuile
state
of
all
principalities
is
necessarily
sustained
:
for
it
is
manifest
,
that
without
the
competent
force
of
mony
no
Commonwealth
can
hold
together
absolute
in
her
members
.
And
to
that
purpose
was
it
first
deuised
,
Iust.
Lipsius
writeth
:
another
of
brasse
or
copper
,
which
the
William
Camden
in
his
booke
of
Brittaine
antiquities
.
Siluer
amongst
the
Romanes
was
first
coyned
,
Anno
,
ab
vrbe
cond.
484.
F.
Pictore
&
Qu.
Oculeio
Coss.
The
coyne
of
gold
62
yeares
after
the
siluer
,
C.
Claudio
Nerone
,
&
Marco
Liuio
Salinatore
Coss.
The
beginning
and
end
of
coyning
was
for
commerce
,
as
by
pieces
of
some
value
for
exchange
of
other
commodities
to
people
of
other
nations
:
by
whose
diuers
and
seuerall
stamp●…s
the
countries
with
whom
they
traffiqued
were
knowne
.
And
hence
is
it
,
that
those
coynes
of
mettall
are
infinite
;
which
dependeth
vpon
two
reasons
also
:
the
first
is
,
vpon
couetousnesse
of
people
,
which
would
abundantly
bee
serued
with
things
which
their
minds
couet
for
some
needfull
vses
:
the
second
,
vpon
pleasures
;
for
which
many
men
seeke
for
great
heapes
of
money
:
but
the
want
of
things
desired
amongst
men
is
infinite
,
and
the
choice
of
pleasures
endlesse
,
all
which
are
attained
by
money
.
The
desire
of
treasure
therefore
can
neuer
bee
fulfilled
,
according
to
the
saying
of
Cicero
,
Expetuntur
diuitiae
cum
ad
vitae
vsus
The
respects
are
great
,
and
those
necessities
important
,
which
should
vrge
a
prince
to
violence
in
those
cases
:
yet
a
good
Soueraigne
can
neuer
haue
cause
of
compulsion
:
For
when
the
king
which
hath
authoritie
to
constraine
,
vseth
a
facilitie
to
persuade
,
it
importeth
some
vehement
necessitie
.
Can
any
priuate
Commonweale
mount
without
tributarie
wings
?
Or
could
the
firmament
of
peace
be
cleere
,
if
all
clouds
had
not
first
beene
dispersed
with
the
thunder
of
warre
?
Are
armes
exercised
without
wages
?
Are
ships
prouided
of
men
,
victuals
,
and
of
artillerie
,
without
mony
?
How
shall
officers
which
be
continually
busied
in
ceaselesse
seruice
for
the
common
securitie
,
haue
reliefe
without
salaries
?
May
vertuous
or
needie
persons
bee
rewarded
or
succoured
without
some
generall
supplies
?
Few
be
those
princes
of
Christendome
(
so
neere
as
I
can
iudge
)
whose
owne
priuat
reuenewes
are
able
to
supply
the
publicke
charge
onely
:
so
that
the
more
puissant
any
prince
is
in
dominion
and
territorie
;
so
much
more
the
common
charge
doth
aggrauate
his
necessities
.
For
this
office
therefore
,
all
honest
and
needfull
meanes
of
getting
are
to
bee
carefully
studied
and
prouided
:
towards
the
true
maintenance
whereof
it
highly
benefiteth
to
forbeare
all
superfluous
damnable
and
intollerable
subsidies
:
for
if
such
publicke
businesses
in
a
Commonwealth
oppresse
the
prince
,
which
according
to
the
best
iudgements
being
great
and
multiplied
,
doe
through
prudent
consultation
,
foresight
,
and
caution
ioyfully
propagate
all
Soueraigne
empire
;
then
must
it
necessarily
follow
,
that
a
generall
aid
be
ministred
by
the
commons
for
their
generall
good
:
least
otherwise
the
publicke
treasure
be
(
through
want
of
such
tributarie
supplies
)
drawne
to
the
bottome
,
whereas
it
ought
continually
to
bee
multiplied
and
cherished
:
Etenim
qui
rempublicam
gubernabunt
consulere
debebunt
,
vt
earum
rerum
copia
sit
quae
sunt
necessariae
.
Which
if
they
do
Sir
Francis
Drake
,
so
much
remembred
and
acknowledged
through
the
whole
world
(
which
he
compassed
)
for
his
noble
skill
and
industrious
fortitude
,
who
did
both
much
benefit
&
magnifie
the
state
of
this
land
;
being
not
borne
of
any
very
noble
parentage
:
Howbeit
that
his
working
good
spirit
,
and
better
fortunes
alwaies
incited
him
to
some
honourable
interprise
,
which
in
the
late
raigne
of
blessed
Queene
Elizabeth
brought
much
coine
,
and
bullion
of
gold
and
siluer
vnto
the
princes
treasures
,
somewhat
out
of
hostile
spoyles
from
the
Spaniards
,
taken
by
that
euer
renowmed
Earle
of
Cumberland
in
his
nauall
voyages
.
To
whom
at
this
day
we
shall
find
few
comparable
Crist.
Colombo
,
or
Hernando
Cortez
;
if
you
will
superadde
therunto
that
excellent
fortune
and
natiue
valour
,
which
alwayes
accompanied
and
winged
their
heroicall
enterprises
.
I
might
speake
here
of
Sir
Thomas
Candish
,
&
of
Sir
Humfrey
Gilbert
:
but
hauing
mentioned
Sir
Francis
Drake
,
in
him
is
comprised
so
much
as
they
could
deserue
.
Diuers
other
gallant
gentlemen
,
borne
here
in
England
amongst
vs
,
which
being
yet
young
and
aliue
,
haue
percase
some
fortunes
in
store
,
to
make
them
as
glorious
in
such
seruices
,
as
any
that
euer
trauailed
.
My
meaning
is
not
here
,
that
by
the
direptions
,
piracies
,
depredations
of
cities
or
nations
confederated
and
vnited
(
which
is
meerely
dishonest
and
vnprofitable
)
to
farce
and
gorge
vp
the
common
Treasuries
:
for
so
much
as
it
withstandeth
all
reason
and
humane
policie
,
with
true
colour
emblazoning
the
violation
and
breach
of
peace
and
amitie
,
which
vndoubtedly
bringeth
a
most
lamentable
confusion
with
it
vnto
those
princes
and
Commonweales
in
their
estâtes
,
that
are
both
agents
and
patients
in
these
cases
:
but
onely
with
the
spoyles
of
maleuolent
,
mischieuous
,
and
professed
enemies
;
by
whose
oppression
their
whole
state
is
weakened
,
and
in
whose
weakenesse
our
forces
are
confirmed
:
such
as
cannot
be
more
malicious
or
mortall
aduersaries
for
any
violence
which
wee
can
offer
vnto
them
.
Treasures
gotten
from
such
ambitious
and
maleuolent
people
,
are
laudable
,
and
magnifie
the
state
of
our
kingdomes
.
Such
verely
were
the
spoiles
which
Lucius
Mummius
(
Collegue
in
Censorship
to
Paulus
Aemylius
aforesaid
)
brought
from
the
state
of
a
most
opulent
and
braue
citie
:
by
which
atchieuements
,
Cicero
noteth
in
his
Offices
,
that
Mummius
was
not
a
penny
the
wealthier
in
his
owne
priuate
purse
than
before
.
Adde
hereunto
,
not
vnlike
in
magnificence
,
though
their
fortunes
were
vnequall
,
the
condition
of
that
sometimes
right
noble
and
vnfortunate
Lord
of
good
memorie
,
Robert
Earle
of
Essex
,
after
his
expedition
to
Cales
:
By
which
example
in
himselfe
hee
made
knowne
to
the
couetous
captaines
of
his
time
,
and
vnto
those
which
had
heard
of
his
victories
,
that
true
glorie
was
meerely
the
subiect
and
substance
of
his
seruice
,
which
hee
shared
with
his
countrey
:
treasure
the
meede
of
his
militarie
men
,
which
hee
magnificently
distributed
amongst
them
.
And
certainely
,
there
is
not
any
thing
which
more
to
life
representeth
the
noble
conditions
and
natures
of
gallant
souldiers
in
highest
militarie
reputation
,
than
either
their
great
victories
and
spoyles
,
or
their
calamities
and
disfortunes
:
for
the
bearing
of
themselues
equall
,
and
the
same
in
both
extremities
,
without
insolence
or
abiection
,
clearely
manifesteth
to
the
world
their
vertues
.
Neither
can
any
thing
be
more
precious
and
amiable
in
the
sight
of
people
,
than
a
magnificent
and
bountifull
magistrate
.
Hunc
enim
maximé
This
Office
amongst
diuerse
otherwayes
to
weaken
it
,
is
laid
open
to
those
massie
charges
which
the
prince
vndergoeth
in
his
warres
:
and
from
the
fountaine
thereof
all
inferiour
Treasurers
of
armies
,
garrisons
,
nauies
and
prouinces
,
with
such
like
,
are
continually
serued
.
It
is
therefore
most
reasonable
,
considering
so
many
riuers
are
supplied
therewith
,
that
diligent
circumspection
bee
required
to
preserue
the
Spring
alwayes
full
by
beneuolent
,
and
due
retribution
of
waters
through
those
siluer
pipes
,
which
may
without
stop
cheerefully
conuey
them
to
that
fountaine
from
the
calme
riuers
of
the
Commonwealth
,
redispensing
them
with
a
carefull
kind
of
beneficence
to
the
common
good
and
tranquilitie
.
This
fountaine
must
be
kept
alwayes
(
if
not
full
)
yet
not
neere
drie
,
least
by
defect
of
the
slenderest
vaine
branching
from
it
,
penurie
succeede
,
being
a
most
pestilent
feauer
,
or
consumption
rather
to
the
king
and
Common-wealth
.
A
curious
eye
with
vigilant
regard
must
bee
bent
vpon
the
Collectors
,
Receiuers
,
Auditors
,
and
other
inferior
ministers
belonging
to
this
office
;
least
in
exactions
,
or
by
fraudulent
deuises
they
satisfie
there
priuate
auarice
with
a
kind
of
extortion
or
crueltie
.
For
auarice
is
an
inordinate
lust
of
hauing
,
whose
appetite
is
infinite
,
whose
acquisition
immoderate
,
whose
possession
vnlawfull
,
whereby
the
prince
vndoubtedly
may
bee
brought
into
daunger
.
It
is
like
that
Hydra
which
Poets
talke
of
,
that
though
the
stroke
of
Iustice
execute
vpon
it
continually
;
yet
will
it
miraculously
reuiue
againe
:
it
forceth
not
either
the
lightening
,
thunder
or
thunderbolts
of
the
law
prouided
against
it
.
Salust
describeth
it
a
beast
rauenous
,
cruell
,
and
intollerable
:
where
it
haunteth
,
huge
Cities
,
Fields
,
Churches
,
and
Houses
are
laid
wast
:
Heauen
and
Earth
prophanely
mingled
;
Armies
and
strong
wals
cannot
restraine
the
violence
thereof
:
It
spoileth
all
mortall
people
of
good
Report
,
Modestie
,
Children
,
Nation
&
Parents
,
&c.
So
doth
this
brightnesse
of
gold
bleare
mens
outward
sences
,
so
fuming
in
their
heads
,
and
fastened
in
their
hearts
,
that
they
feare
not
any
mischiefe
which
can
accompanie
Lucre.
Such
wicked
,
vniust
,
and
rauenous
officers
,
eating
the
people
as
bread
,
are
to
be
squeezed
like
sponges
full
of
water
.
Great
caution
therefore
must
be
vsed
against
the
violence
of
officers
in
such
extortion
,
least
the
prince
after
some
few
yeares
patience
of
the
people
,
vpon
new
grieuances
,
become
odious
:
which
king
Henry
the
eight
in
the
second
yeare
of
his
raigne
did
most
politickely
prouide
,
in
his
proceedings
against
Sir
Richard
Emson
and
M.
Dudley
,
late
inward
and
of
counsell
in
such
cases
vnto
his
sage
father
,
king
Henry
the
seuenth
.
By
good
example
of
whose
punishment
others
might
vpon
the
like
inconueniences
suffer
.
For
if
the
people
find
not
redresse
vpon
their
complaints
,
then
will
they
rise
(
as
at
that
time
it
was
feared
)
in
open
hostilitie
:
which
if
the
blood
of
those
extorting
officers
can
expiate
without
some
humane
slaughter
sacrificed
to
tenne
hundred
scpulchers
,
then
is
it
happie
:
but
such
generall
hurts
haue
commonly
no
compensation
,
without
a
generall
confusion
.
The
peoples
payments
ought
so
to
be
disposed
therefore
,
that
all
men
according
to
their
faculties
,
by
due
discretion
of
good
and
honest
sworne
officers
in
euery
shire
or
prouince
,
may
take
such
reasonable
dayes
,
and
times
of
payment
limited
,
as
they
may
without
any
grudging
or
disease
contribute
heartely
.
Moreouer
,
that
such
(
as
are
in
speciall
affaires
of
their
prince
,
and
for
the
Commonwealth
employed
;
hauing
by
such
occasions
largely
spent
of
their
owne
priuate
for
the
common
good
,
as
euery
good
man
will
in
such
cases
)
bee
for
examples
sake
,
for
the
good
encouragement
of
others
,
precisely
exempted
from
all
kind
of
burthens
and
impositions
.
Also
such
as
haue
formerly
done
much
grace
and
honour
to
their
countries
and
princes
(
if
they
be
not
at
that
time
so
high
in
blood
,
that
they
may
well
away
with
phlebotomie
)
should
bee
graciously
spared
;
according
to
the
French
order
:
for
all
courtiers
and
seruants
,
attendant
vpon
the
kings
person
in
his
house
,
are
(
by
the
ciuile
lawes
of
Fraunce
)
Dispensation
of
these
tributes
and
subsidies
must
bee
to
the
generall
,
and
not
any
particular
vse
:
for
no
man
will
sticke
at
a
little
charges
employed
to
publicke
behoofe
,
if
it
once
appeare
,
that
the
prince
doe
not
consume
his
treasure
in
vnnecessarie
cost
and
riot
;
but
keepe
a
moderation
with
decencie
,
which
(
albeit
the
vulgar
do
not
generally
marke
:
for
they
respect
onely
the
princes
proper
faculties
and
reuenewes
(
which
ought
to
be
by
the
treasurers
concealed
so
much
as
may
bee
)
yet
certaine
captious
and
dangerous
heads
,
full
of
quarrels
and
aduantages
;
such
as
are
of
fierie
spirits
,
coueting
innouation
:
which
commonly
lead
the
blind
and
abused
vulgar
into
dangerous
actions
)
will
narrowly
sift
and
make
a
breach
into
the
common
peace
,
vnder
the
pretext
of
taxes
and
impositions
,
as
hath
beene
found
in
certaine
commotions
in
the
dayes
of
king
Richard
the
second
,
and
king
Henry
the
sixt
,
with
other
princes
,
vpon
the
like
occasions
.
Such
gettings
therfore
as
proceed
from
the
subiects
beneuolence
,
must
bee
sparingly
spent
and
husbanded
:
and
so
should
the
Treasurers
beare
themselues
in
that
Office
,
as
stewards
of
other
mens
goods
,
and
not
of
their
owne
.
That
most
prudent
and
worthy
Lord
Treasurer
William
Cecill
goodly
well
approued
ouer
all
causes
,
and
in
all
businesse
either
publike
or
priuate
,
during
the
late
and
most
deare
mirrour
of
good
gouernment
,
Queene
Elizabeth
,
of
most
renowmed
and
euerliuing
memorie
,
did
leaue
behind
him
a
liuely
patterne
and
precedent
of
his
singular
care
and
excellent
wisedome
,
to
the
great
encrease
of
that
stocke
,
committed
then
to
his
charge
,
as
may
serue
euerlastingly
to
them
which
yet
are
or
euer
may
be
credited
with
that
office
,
to
get
and
maintaine
eternall
reputation
.
The
generall
good
opinion
and
report
of
him
after
his
death
in
the
mouths
of
all
good
men
,
may
stirre
vp
his
successours
in
that
place
truely
to
resemble
his
vertues
and
integritie
.
The
treasure
therefore
may
not
bee
wilfully
wasted
or
exhausted
for
satisfaction
of
any
prince
in
his
priuate
prodigalitie
.
Vera
enim
&
simplex
via
From
hence
likewise
brauncheth
another
speciall
rule
of
moderation
,
that
no
leuies
surmount
the
princes
occasions
:
for
if
it
tend
not
to
the
subiects
great
benefit
,
being
very
necessarily
dispensed
,
it
dishonoureth
any
Soueraigne
to
straine
them
in
so
small
a
matter
.
And
such
impositions
must
also
be
sildome
,
that
the
people
grow
not
wearie
with
them
,
being
fashioned
more
or
lesse
according
to
their
plentie
or
pouertie
:
for
such
princes
are
haunted
with
the
furies
of
a
lamentable
infamie
,
whose
treasuries
deuour
the
subiects
labours
,
and
neuer
rest
satisfied
with
bloodie
booties
.
Wee
may
reade
likewise
in
the
French
Chronicles
,
that
those
impositions
which
Philip
le
beau
and
Charles
the
fift
,
kings
of
that
realme
,
had
set
vpon
the
wines
and
salt
,
caused
the
men
of
Gascoyne
and
others
in
the
dayes
of
Henry
the
second
,
king
of
Fraunce
,
to
rebell
,
which
was
a
great
preiudice
and
danger
vnto
that
state
,
albeit
now
by
custome
a
speciall
part
of
that
crownes
reuenewes
(
at
which
no
man
,
by
reason
of
the
long
continuance
in
these
latter
times
,
repineth
,
but
willingly
submitteth
himselfe
to
the
burthen
)
dependeth
vpon
them
and
the
like
Monopolies
.
Good
princes
also
will
take
heed
of
that
pernicious
desire
,
which
in
prosperitie
filleth
vp
the
still
gaping
mouths
and
purses
of
parasiticall
flatterers
,
and
temporizing
Sycophants
:
howbeit
some
liued
in
the
late
raigne
of
good
Queene
Elizabeth
,
which
abusing
her
high
grace
,
extended
towards
them
out
of
her
meere
royall
nature
,
compassed
such
things
as
were
both
preiudicall
to
her
reputation
,
and
to
the
Commonwealth
in
some
sort
:
such
persons
as
these
cannot
be
truely
called
seruants
,
but
vnto
their
owne
intollerable
affections
;
neither
will
I
giue
instance
of
them
,
namely
,
being
so
generally
knowne
,
and
fresh
in
our
memories
;
as
also
for
many
more
reasons
of
modestie
which
inhibite
it
.
It
is
therefore
most
certaine
,
that
all
newly
denised
monopolies
vsurping
vpon
the
subiects
trades
and
trauels
,
are
odious
,
and
commonly
daungerous
:
such
as
amongst
other
Vespasian
tooke
of
Vryne
,
who
(
because
his
sonne
Titus
seemed
to
mislike
therof
)
told
him
,
that
though
the
subiect
was
vnsauourie
,
yet
the
accident
was
sweet
.
And
what
a
beastly
Monopolie
or
monthly
tribute
is
that
,
which
is
at
this
day
taken
into
the
Popes
treasuries
in
Rome
and
at
Bologna
,
from
those
curtisans
and
whores
,
which
by
profession
prostitute
their
bodies
for
gaine
.
Which
the
very
Gentils
and
Atheists
as
Lampridius
writeth
in
his
Histories
,
did
prohibite
,
That
any
tributes
issuing
from
harlots
or
bauds
,
should
bee
receiued
into
the
sacred
Treasuries
,
but
reserued
in
another
place
for
the
disposition
of
the
Ediles
Curules
towards
the
furnishing
and
setting
forth
of
publicke
playes
and
showes
,
as
also
to
the
reparation
and
mending
of
bridges
,
ports
,
and
high
wayes
for
the
cities
Commonwealth
.
Likewise
wee
find
,
that
Alexander
Seuerus
taxed
all
sorts
of
artificers
,
drapers
,
glasiers
,
skinners
,
masons
,
plasterers
,
shoomakers
,
with
such
like
,
in
a
moderate
order
;
the
Romane
Empire
being
then
growne
vp
to
that
height
,
which
could
not
easily
permit
insurrection
or
mutinies
.
Onely
this
according
truely
with
the
state
of
princes
in
such
cases
,
Vectigal
optimum
est
parsimonia
:
for
by
beeing
frugall
of
his
owne
,
he
winneth
the
loue
and
fauor
of
his
people
in
sparing
of
them
.
Claudius
Nero
,
thought
his
tyrannies
and
oppressions
of
the
people
had
purchased
him
a
generall
and
mortall
hatred
amongst
them
:
yet
deuised
this
one
way
,
(
Quasi
pulcherrimum
donum
generi
mortalium
daturus
)
to
free
the
Romanes
In
leuying
of
Subsidies
it
must
be
specially
respected
,
that
equalitie
without
any
partiall
or
affectionate
passion
in
the
collectors
and
officers
bee
precisely
respected
:
that
the
contribution
of
Cities
,
Societies
,
and
Husbandmen
,
according
to
their
lands
and
reuenewes
,
bee
measured
with
indifferent
paritie
:
for
my selfe
haue
sometimes
heard
the
mutterings
and
grudgings
of
diuers
people
,
which
(
though
they
most
willingly
would
exhibite
:
yet
did
they
repine
at
their
vnequall
taxation
,
saying
,
That
they
were
so
much
the
more
assessed
than
others
,
by
how
much
the
lesse
they
were
rated
in
the
Subsidie
bookes
.
Such
must
therefore
be
chosen
,
as
will
not
either
in
malice
or
fauour
oppresse
or
succour
.
For
being
ordinarily
vexed
at
inequalitie
,
the
people
naturally
will
grow
malicious
,
measuring
their
losses
with
other
mens
gaines
:
And
hence
is
it
,
that
a
more
diligent
circumspection
is
required
in
them
which
haue
that
charge
in
hand
.
Moreouer
,
it
helpeth
the
common
policie
to
know
perfectly
the
differences
of
patrimonies
,
dignities
,
ages
,
and
offices
,
with
all
arts
and
professions
of
persons
remaining
vpon
record
.
By
which
order
,
according
to
precise
iudgement
and
discretion
,
all
tributes
are
by
due
proportion
leuied
,
and
people
assessed
.
It
behooueth
them
therefore
in
their
priuat
consciences
first
to
compare
their
own
particular
estates
,
together
with
the
Commonwealth
in
all
equitie
,
appointing
commissioners
as
censors
,
which
can
discerne
and
take
notice
of
the
peoples
off-spring
,
ages
,
families
,
and
substance
euery
third
or
fift
yere
.
For
some
of
them
may
remoue
their
dwellings
,
others
may
die
,
diuerse
also
may
encrease
or
decrease
,
during
that
space
,
in
goods
or
possessions
:
by
which
knowledge
had
of
peoples
ages
and
abilities
,
they
may
bee
chosen
either
for
militarie
seruices
,
or
enioyned
to
burthens
in
the
common
cause
of
their
country
,
when
occasion
shal
opportunely
require
.
Thus
much
concerning
the
charge
and
conditions
of
Treasurers
.
It
followeth
now
,
that
I
declare
how
far
,
according
to
the
sagest
and
best
approued
writers
a
prince
should
extend
his
arme
in
the
fruition
or
dispensation
of
these
benefits
.
It
is
very
commendable
in
a
prince
to
be
reputed
liberall
,
which
some
curious
and
cunning
writers
would
haue
out
of
the
purses
of
others
;
so
that
his
owne
hampers
be
not
diminished
:
for
it
is
intended
,
that
how
much
more
the
common
necessitie
doth
import
,
so
much
more
patience
and
alacritie
Titus
Flaminius
purchase
amongst
the
Greekes
,
which
vpon
the
ouerthrow
of
king
Philip
of
Macedon
,
enfranchised
all
the
cities
of
Greece
from
tributes
by
publicke
proclamations
in
euery
place
.
Likewise
Pertinax
graunted
vnto
all
that
exercised
tillage
and
husbandrie
,
franke
intermission
from
tenne
yeares
tribute
.
Howbeit
,
if
princes
haue
laid
a
firme
foundation
,
how
they
may
through
high
liberalitie
multiplie
dominion
,
then
will
not
they
commonly
spare
at
any
cost
:
yea
people
naturally
breath
and
hunt
after
the
fortunes
of
magnificent
princes
:
But
hauing
once
firmely
effected
their
purpose
,
their
purchase
is
by
little
and
little
as
warily
cherished
.
Neither
is
the
course
of
their
gouernment
in
any
iot
impeached
,
but
magnified
thereby
.
To
princes
militant
also
profuse
liberalitie
much
auaileth
,
if
they
can
with
hostile
spoyles
encourage
their
souldiors
,
taking
examples
by
Cyrus
,
Caesar
,
Alexander
:
for
that
both
retaineth
and
augmenteth
their
reputation
,
if
the
generall
burthen
bee
not
carried
out
of
their
owne
cofers
.
Let
this
onely
be
considered
of
prodigalitie
;
That
it
is
a
great
vessell
bottomelesse
,
a
big
chest
locklesse
,
a
vaine
profusion
carelesse
.
And
if
I
should
paint
that
strumpet
to
life
,
I
would
place
her
in
great
and
iolly
pompe
,
variably
plumed
,
marching
betwixt
a
notable
foole
,
and
a
singular
braggart
,
seruing
for
two
villanous
weake
supporters
:
and
seconded
at
an
ynch
also
by
two
forlorneslaues
;
one
of
them
a
miserable
begger
,
and
the
other
an
vnpittied
penetentiarie
.
Me
seemeth
it
a
fit
comparison
betwixt
the
viper
and
princely
prodigalitie
:
for
that
infinit
spawne
which
is
bred
of
this
serpent
(
being
composed
of
inordinat
affections
,
intemperat
appetites
,
base
flatterers
,
and
of
the
most
contageous
off
all
and
poison
of
all
princes
courts
)
eate
out
the
bowels
of
the
parent
at
the
verie
time
of
their
birth
,
which
perisheth
by
them
that
were
cherished
by
her
.
These
young
viprous
vices
liuely
represent
ingratitude
,
to
which
all
of
them
be
subiect
that
are
fostered
by
prodigalitie
.
These
are
those
hounds
which
mythologically
deuoured
Actaeon
,
when
after
the
murtherous
pleasures
and
concupiscence
of
his
eyes
and
flesh
,
he
was
transformed
into
a
fearfull
beast
,
excellently
shadowing
that
pusillanimitie
which
through
excesse
of
sensualitie
depriue
him
of
a
reasonable
creatures
shape
and
faculties
,
leauing
him
a
lamentable
spoile
to
those
deerest
and
most
inward
enemies
,
his
owne
affections
.
Yet
for
as
much
as
I
run
here
into
some
morall
considerations
,
me
seemeth
it
should
now
be
verie
fitting
to
make
some
demonstration
of
those
ethicall
parts
that
are
in
Temperance
,
by
which
the
treasures
of
all
wise
princes
and
people
ought
to
be
restrained
and
gouerned
.
Temperance
therefore
is
a
vertue
which
subiecteth
pleasures
to
the
yoke
of
reason
,
limiting
all
things
within
moderation
:
Cicero
defineth
it
to
be
the
constant
and
moderat
domination
of
reason
,
restraining
vs
from
lusts
,
and
from
other
violent
imperfections
of
the
mind
.
Plato
with
Aristotle
consenteth
,
that
Temperance
is
most
speciously
seene
in
passing
ouer
,
and
as
it
were
fearefully
,
but
more
painefully
poasting
away
from
all
voluptuous
appetites
:
and
therefore
they
tearme
it
Sophrosune
,
being
the
conseruator
of
prudence
,
signifying
a
moderation
or
frugalitie
:
for
if
fleshly
concupiscence
or
inordinate
pleasure
subiect
the
noble
part
of
man
,
then
will
they
forceably
banish
all
reason
and
moderation
,
manacling
and
fettering
him
within
the
mazie
wildernesse
of
secure
sensualitie
:
so
that
neither
foot
nor
hand
shall
haue
power
to
discharge
their
naturall
functions
in
any
due
proportion
,
but
are
sopped
and
steeped
in
the
dregs
of
all
riot
and
profusion
,
which
dragge
along
with
them
(
as
I
sayd
before
)
rapacitie
,
shame
,
and
beggerie
.
Wise
princes
and
potentates
therefore
,
to
whom
God
hath
imparted
treasures
in
abundance
,
ought
with
all
vehement
intention
to
ponder
,
how
dangerous
intoxicating
a
poyson
this
is
,
because
vnto
them
more
than
to
others
,
such
momentanie
furies
misguisedly
masking
in
the
falsed
habiliments
of
sweet
comfort
and
contentment
,
like
enchauntresses
,
oft
and
many
times
appeare
.
For
as
much
therefore
as
pleasures
either
proceed
from
a
naturall
instinct
,
being
corporall
and
common
to
all
creatures
hauing
life
,
or
from
some
inwardly
conceiued
opinion
:
of
which
,
some
haue
reference
to
good
and
honest
purposes
,
which
are
meerely
directed
by
the
rule
of
temperance
;
others
are
extreamely
bad
besotted
and
nuzzled
in
brutish
sence
:
all
wise
and
perfect
princes
will
so
moderate
their
owne
appetites
,
freeing
them
from
all
exorbitat
and
luxurious
pleasures
,
as
may
both
encrease
their
honor
,
health
,
wealth
,
and
empire
.
Howbeit
,
Seneca
writ
,
That
there
be
delights
with
which
temperance
dispenseth
,
&
others
also
which
she
doth
hate
and
banish
:
considering
therefore
how
nature
is
nourished
and
supplied
with
a
little
,
and
that
temperance
by
the
direction
of
reason
prescribeth
a
necessitie
to
nature
,
that
it
may
liue
within
a
mediocritie
:
these
pleasures
of
excesse
in
diet
,
ornaments
,
and
of
all
luxurious
appetites
,
are
ascribed
to
the
bodie
Other
delights
,
as
when
a
man
is
arrogant
&
opinionatiue
,
or
infected
with
a
vaine
selfe
dotage
,
or
when
he
libidinously
prosecuteth
his
owne
fantasies
,
oppressing
his
pure
reason
with
the
foggie
mists
of
licenciousnesse
,
are
well
appropriated
to
the
mind
.
Cicero
diuideth
temperance
into
three
parts
:
first
into
Continence
,
by
which
desire
is
restrained
vnder
the
gouernment
of
counsell
,
and
which
in
all
corporall
diet
&
ornament
keepeth
a
meane
.
Vnto
which
Abstinence
is
annexed
as
a
part
thereof
,
&
manifested
in
binding
mens
hands
from
rapine
and
theft
:
next
into
Clemencie
,
which
is
a
mentall
temperance
,
when
there
is
power
and
sufficient
meanes
to
punish
and
reuenge
,
or
rather
(
as
Seneca
tearmeth
it
)
a
lenitie
discending
from
the
superior
to
the
inferior
in
cases
of
punishment
.
Mercy
(
being
the
mother
of
gentlenesse
and
humanitie
,
highly
pleasant
in
the
most
high
presence
of
God
)
is
adiunct
to
clemencie
:
and
thirdly
vnto
modestie
,
which
(
as
Cicero
defineth
)
is
a
continent
moderation
or
cohibition
of
lusts
,
mouing
and
reuelling
in
the
mind
.
He
likewise
sayth
,
That
honest
modestie
through
shamefastnesse
doth
retaine
a
noble
and
a
decent
seemlinesse
&
good
order
in
al
things
,
conuerseth
in
moderating
the
perturbations
and
motions
of
the
mind
,
by
the
retaining
of
a
concordance
or
harmonie
,
quieting
and
calming
all
humane
actions
,
so
that
nothing
vnfit
or
immodest
be
done
or
spoken
:
nothing
in
hatred
,
malice
,
affection
,
lust
,
ambition
,
arrogancie
,
or
other
such
violent
passions
and
distractions
of
the
spirit
.
The
parts
of
modestie
be
lowlinesse
or
humilitie
;
so
forceably
depressing
insolence
,
that
by
how
much
the
more
worthie
men
bee
,
so
much
the
more
humble
they
may
shew
themselues
.
Which
lesson
our
Sauiour
Christ
commaunded
vs
to
learne
of
him
,
considering
,
that
in
vs
,
as
of
our selues
,
nothing
can
be
decent
or
commendable
,
but
onely
proceeding
from
the
precious
gift
of
God
.
This
lesson
teacheth
vs
the
fruition
of
that
Oracle
,
Nosce
teipsum
;
when
a
man
doth
not
attribute
any
goodnesse
to
himselfe
,
but
acknowledgeth
,
that
hee
receiued
the
same
out
of
the
fountaine
of
all
bountic
from
aboue
.
The
second
part
of
modestie
should
seeme
to
be
the
desire
to
learne
and
be
taught
:
which
is
seene
in
men
,
that
recognizing
their
ignorance
,
are
studious
and
desirous
of
instruction
.
The
third
part
of
modestie
doth
speciously
declare
it selfe
in
pleasantnesse
of
speech
,
alacritie
,
comitie
,
and
affabilitie
.
This
ought
to
bee
well
knowne
and
practised
by
wise
courtiers
:
for
these
qualities
grace
them
amongst
persons
of
the
best
qualitie
:
And
this
is
reputed
a
kind
of
moderate
and
well
tasting
vrbanitie
;
when
in
speech
and
answeres
men
auoid
bitternesse
,
and
salt
taunting
,
hardly
set
on
;
and
more
than
indifferently
poudered
,
in
respect
of
the
times
,
places
,
and
persons
.
Let
them
therefore
alwayes
obserue
a
certaine
honest
moderation
,
delaying
,
or
rather
perfectly
purging
all
the
mentall
perturbations
with
a
pleasant
medicine
of
words
and
cheerefulnesse
.
This
therfore
should
be
the
scope
of
all
speech
:
In
serious
matters
to
shew
seueritie
;
in
pleasant
discourses
festiuitie
;
regarding
,
that
our
tongues
bewray
not
any
corruption
of
manners
,
which
staine
is
specially
noted
in
those
that
either
contumeliously
,
ridiculously
,
slaunderously
,
seuerely
,
or
raylingly
back-bite
any
persons
.
Likewise
it
is
as
vndecent
and
intemperate
,
that
any
man
should
praise
himselfe
;
which
as
a
foolish
trumpet
soundeth
out
his
owne
disgrace
and
folly
to
wise
men
.
The
fourth
and
last
part
is
moderation
in
apparrell
,
and
in
other
corporall
ornaments
;
being
the
mediocritie
betwixt
riotous
curiositie
and
slouenrie
:
shewing
,
that
all
garments
should
be
neat
fit
for
the
body
,
and
agreeable
to
the
sex
which
should
weare
them
:
in
worth
and
fashion
correspondent
to
the
state
,
substance
,
age
,
place
,
time
,
birth
,
and
honest
custome
of
those
persons
which
vse
them
.
To
conclude
therefore
I
say
,
that
Temperance
is
a
vertue
,
than
which
nothing
is
more
powerfull
,
towards
the
repressing
of
affections
,
nothing
more
fit
for
the
good
composition
and
confirmation
of
mens
manners
,
nothing
more
effectuall
towards
the
attainement
of
Gods
fauour
,
that
can
either
be
deuised
or
spoken
:
and
certainely
,
there
is
not
any
thing
good
in
the
whole
course
of
mans
life
,
which
may
not
bee
reduced
vnto
Temperance
,
as
to
the
centre
or
spring
of
humane
happinesse
.
It
followeth
needfully
,
that
I
speake
somewhat
of
intemperance
,
and
of
the
oppositions
to
these
foresaid
good
parts
.
Intemperance
therefore
according
to
Cicero
,
is
such
a
kind
of
obedience
vnto
lusts
,
meerely
repugnant
to
Opposite
to
mercie
(
which
is
the
adiunct
of
Clemencie
)
standeth
lentitude
;
or
foolish
pitie
,
being
the
part
of
a
blockish
magistrate
,
as
I
will
partly
note
in
the
Morals
of
my
third
booke
.
But
crueltie
doth
not
only
resist
temperance
&
iustice
,
but
fortitude
also
,
which
I
shall
also
manifest
in
the
Morals
of
my
fourth
booke
.
Against
modestie
(
which
is
the
third
and
last
part
of
temperance
)
contumaciously
stand
impudencie
,
being
a
most
detestable
vice
in
the
presence
of
God
,
or
of
all
good
men
,
which
contemneth
or
neglecteth
all
decencie
,
with
honestie
of
life
,
opening
a
large
and
easie
way
to
vicious
conuersation
,
void
of
all
feare
and
shame
.
Also
Pride
and
Arrogancie
(
which
withstand
humiliation
)
is
another
opposite
rotten
member
;
whereby
men
in
a
blind
loue
of
themselues
imagine
more
excellent
parts
and
perfections
contained
in
them
than
are
,
and
arrogating
vertues
beyond
their
apprehension
and
practise
:
This
may
be
called
a
vaine
,
insolent
,
and
foolish
ostentation
:
a
vice
ri●…e
in
many
princes
courts
,
and
proper
to
flatterers
,
braggarts
,
and
buffones
.
Carelesnesse
and
negligence
likewise
,
beeing
the
qualities
of
sluggish
dolts
,
and
persons
assotted
with
curiositie
,
(
which
is
the
inordinate
diligence
or
desire
to
learne
arts
vnprofitable
,
euill
,
and
vnnecessarie
)
stand
opposed
vnto
the
true
studies
of
learning
:
semblably
,
scurulous
prating
,
and
vnsauourie
girding
,
(
such
as
parasites
,
stage-players
,
and
other
giddie-headed
Mimickes
vse
,
according
vnto
the
opinion
of
Aristotle
)
oppositely
There
is
likewise
another
sort
of
people
,
which
in
countenance
,
speech
,
action
,
gate
,
and
gesture
,
grossely
counterfeit
a
kind
of
grauitie
,
to
conceale
their
foolishnesse
:
whose
adulterate
sapience
to
men
of
sound
iudgement
is
most
absurd
and
ridiculous
;
and
others
which
in
princes
courts
(
to
make
the
nobler
sort
laugh
)
practise
(
though
not
so
cunningly
)
the
parts
of
Tarleton
:
by
simulation
deeming
in
themselues
,
how
that
shew
will
bee
thought
somewhat
contrarie
vnto
their
owne
natures
,
which
are
more
than
halfe
the
same
:
and
these
fellowes
at
vnawares
palpably
fall
into
some
foolish
and
odious
affectation
of
ciuilitie
:
whereas
(
indeede
)
in
them
there
is
not
any
condition
verely
vertuous
,
or
constant
.
Others
which
are
not
,
and
yet
would
seeme
ciuile
(
adulterating
their
arrogant
natures
,
with
the
meere
colours
of
grauitie
)
slubber
it
vp
most
improperly
and
odiously
.
Howbeit
,
these
qualities
(
though
herein
somewhat
I
haue
digressed
from
the
subject
of
my
matter
)
are
more
fit
for
the
knowledge
of
Palladines
and
Courtiers
,
which
I
referre
to
Baltasar
Castiglion
,
and
Duro
di
Pascolo
,
in
their
discourses
vpon
Court-ship
:
Onely
this
which
Plato
citeth
in
the
person
of
Socrates
,
our
outside
and
inside
must
bee
the
same
in
all
.
Contendendum
est
enim
potiùs
vt
sub
legitimis
institutis
temperati
efficiamur
,
The
fourth
and
last
extreame
of
Modestie
doth
consist
in
excesse
of
apparrell
,
garments
,
and
other
ornaments
of
the
bodie
,
when
they
bee
made
onely
for
vaine
ostentation
of
the
mind
:
which
hath
beene
a
notable
imputation
,
wherewith
all
our
English
men
,
more
than
any
nation
of
the
world
,
haue
beene
shamefully
branded
amongst
forrenners
for
their
disguised
fashions
,
and
sumpteous
habiliments
beyond
the
bounds
of
prudence
,
moderation
,
or
habilitie
:
some
women
after
a
preposterous
fashion
,
attired
like
men
in
dubblets
;
and
some
men
like
women
in
pettiecoates
.
This
excesse
hath
so
generally
dispersed
it selfe
in
our
nation
,
that
by
their
exterior
new-fangled
robes
the
wisest
of
our
aduersaries
or
emulators
in
forraine
parts
haue
past
their
iudgements
of
our
giddie
minds
and
vnconstant
behauiours
,
inwardly
saying
,
That
in
wearing
Dutch
hats
with
French
feathers
,
French
dubblets
and
colletts
after
the
custome
of
Spaine
,
Spanish
hose
,
and
rapiers
of
Valentia
,
Turkish
coates
,
Italian
cloakes
,
and
perfumes
,
with
such
like
;
wee
likewise
had
stolne
the
faults
and
excesses
of
those
countreyes
which
wee
did
imitate
naturally
.
Besides
,
what
a
shame
was
it
for
vs
to
bee
noted
with
this
exorbitate
excesse
,
that
base
tailliers
,
and
others
which
worke
as
hirelings
,
aspiring
to
that
abhominable
and
vndecent
singularitie
,
should
equall
themselues
in
the
cost
and
fashion
of
their
attire
,
with
some
of
the
greatest
Barons
in
this
land
:
a
fault
not
to
bee
imputed
vnto
the
lawes
,
for
those
are
precise
and
strict
in
such
comely
considerations
;
but
in
the
dissolute
and
intemperate
affections
of
people
,
which
in
steed
of
a
little
libertie
,
make
a
licence
at
large
,
tyrannizing
vpon
the
princes
gentle
disposition
and
lenitie
.
Hence
was
it
,
that
the
nobilitie
to
distinguish
themselues
by
this
outward
apport
of
their
degrees
and
riches
from
the
rascall
rabble
of
base
ruffians
,
were
driuen
to
most
extreame
charge
,
that
they
might
make
a
difference
of
themselues
from
them
equiualent
in
proportion
.
Which
course
had
the
prince
then
kept
,
answerable
in
her
state
abuse
some
Ladies
and
others
in
the
like
analogie
:
then
might
shee
with
ease
haue
consumed
the
vnspeakeable
masse
of
Treasure
.
By
this
meane
the
substance
of
other
tailliers
,
craftsmen
,
and
mechanicall
fellows
was
dayly
more
encreased
,
and
the
fortunes
of
our
gentlemen
exhausted
.
Which
leprosie
did
in
short
time
so
spread
itselfe
through
this
nation
that
diuers
liuings
of
auntient
demesne
and
inheritance
which
haue
continued
in
succession
from
manic
grandfathers
of
one
race
did
hang
in
tailliers
shops
and
were
piled
vp
in
the
Persian
and
Spanish
merchants
coffers
.
This
emulation
and
excesse
hauing
further
preuailed
,
grew
to
such
outrage
,
that
when
proper
maintenance
fayled
in
some
to
support
such
riot
,
they
violently
or
secretly
tooke
from
others
to
supply
the
same
:
which
hath
beene
the
demolition
and
confusion
of
many
noble
families
and
persons
,
lately
great
in
worldly
reputation
:
others
in
a
priuate
want
,
purchased
by
their
owne
intollerable
profusion
,
haue
perished
in
their
pestilent
practises
,
tending
to
the
common
spoyle
,
for
satisfaction
of
their
insatiable
appetites
:
Semper
etenim
in
ciuitate
qu●…us
opes
nullae
sunt
bonis
inuident
,
malos
But
thus
much
in
breefe
as
I
could
,
expressing
the
adiuncts
and
members
of
Temperance
,
and
of
her
opposites
,
subalternately
respecting
the
purse
:
now
somewhat
concerning
the
beneficence
and
liberalitie
which
befitteth
potentates
.
It
is
not
thought
fit
,
that
princes
should
precisely
stand
at
vtterance
with
true
liberalitie
beeing
of
it selfe
meerely
vertuous
:
but
that
they
shunne
a
generall
largesse
or
profusion
rather
,
which
most
Kings
affect
most
in
the
beginning
of
their
reignes
,
considering
that
there
are
many
(
whose
seruices
hauing
long
expected
recompence
)
which
should
bee
seasoned
and
encouraged
in
their
faithfulnesse
and
honesties
with
some
secret
taste
of
royall
Munificence
.
This
consideration
in
some
proceedeth
out
of
a
magnificent
heart
,
most
liberally
garnished
with
true
vertues
;
and
in
others
,
from
ambition
,
and
a
vaineglorious
desire
of
somewhat
more
than
ordinarie
,
cunningly
couched
in
their
owne
heads
.
Princes
therefore
shall
so
much
,
or
more
bee
warned
and
take
heede
of
this
excesse
then
of
auarice
after
a
sort
,
least
by
such
bestowing
,
the
force
of
beneficence
be
deminished
according
to
Cicero
Benefacta
malelocata
malefacta
arbitror
.
Yet
if
God
haue
so
prouided
that
a
Prince
must
surely
fall
into
the
choise
of
those
two
damnable
extreames
(
both
which
all
Princes
should
hold
detestable
as
snakes
)
of
the
two
mischiefes
,
I
would
hee
rather
did
encline
to
couetise
:
for
wealth
giueth
some
shaddow
to
shame
:
albeit
our
wise
men
and
all
Philosophers
consent
that
it
is
dishonestie
;
but
after
rapacitie
,
which
is
engendered
out
of
the
putrifaction
of
prodigalitie
,
ragged
infamie
doth
attend
with
an
almes
basket
.
Neither
is
it
entended
,
that
princes
should
tie
such
a
Gordian
knot
vpon
their
purse
,
as
nothing
may
without
Alexanders
resolution
and
necessitie
loose
the
same
,
but
that
they
may
with
moderation
and
vpon
good
cause
exceede
rather
in
liberalitie
:
which
the
seldomer
vsed
,
may
be
the
richer
when
it
happeneth
:
and
if
it
come
often
,
then
so
much
the
shorter
and
sweeter
.
There
is
another
fashion
of
Liberalitie
peculiar
to
princes
,
which
may
bee
tearmed
a
beneficence
:
and
this
braunch
of
vertue
graffed
,
is
in
the
●…ry
top
of
iustice
:
for
in
all
Common-weales
,
of
the
soundest
institution
,
there
are
alwayes
some
capitall
crimes
and
forfeitures
,
out
of
the
which
a
wise
prince
in
his
iustice
,
may
by
good
discretion
very
commendably
giue
a
pleasing
tast
of
his
liberalitie
to
persons
vertuous
and
of
desert
,
according
to
their
qualities
,
that
good
men
may
liue
by
the
fall
of
euill
members
,
and
not
that
bad
people
may
be
made
worse
by
the
spoyles
of
honest
men
,
vnto
whome
the
dignities
and
possessions
of
such
as
are
worthely
rooted
out
for
their
wickednesse
,
may
be
collated
.
By
which
kind
of
beneficence
he
greatly
magnifieth
himselfe
.
First
,
in
beeing
honoured
for
his
iustice
against
offendours
:
secondly
,
by
preferring
persons
noted
for
their
worthinesse
;
thirdly
,
with
his
care
had
of
the
Commonwealth
,
which
hee
ciuilizeth
and
secureth
by
the
extirpation
of
such
malefactors
:
fourthly
,
through
giuing
heart
and
courage
to
men
of
qualitie
,
so
to
demeine
themselues
by
profitable
studies
and
vertuous
liuing
,
that
they
may
stand
in
the
like
grace
:
fifthly
,
by
taking
away
from
the
people
all
opinion
of
couetousnesse
in
himselfe
,
when
hee
reserueth
not
any
benefite
to
his
priuate
vse
,
but
is
seene
to
doe
it
in
iustice
,
without
any
desire
of
hauing
.
Lastly
,
by
not
extenuating
his
proper
faculties
in
such
bestowing
.
Thus
shall
others
bee
satisfied
,
his
owne
power
strengthened
,
and
his
priuate
treasure
spared
.
Which
kind
of
beneficence
,
king
Henry
the
eight
vsed
(
when
the
Chaunteries
and
religious
houses
,
to
the
value
of
two
hundred
pounds
yearely
,
and
vnder
,
with
all
lands
and
goods
belonging
them
,
were
by
Parliament
graunted
vnto
him
in
the
seuen
and
twentieth
yeare
of
his
raigne
)
by
bestowing
those
lands
vpon
the
speciall
gentlemen
in
euery
Shire
,
where
they
were
dissolued
,
more
manifesting
a
good
conscience
,
than
any
couetousnesse
in
the
cause
.
And
hence
was
it
,
that
the
commotions
in
Lincolne
Shire
,
Yorke
Shire
,
and
in
other
parts
of
this
Realme
,
vnder
the
colour
of
a
dislike
,
vpon
a
new
size
of
Subsidie
to
be
leuied
,
were
so
quickly
quieted
by
the
gentlemen
,
principall
heads
in
those
disturbed
parts
,
whose
very
countenance
amated
the
seditious
commons
,
which
once
and
againe
stirred
to
disturbance
and
subuersion
of
the
present
quiet
;
beeing
(
as
it
was
thought
)
first
kindled
at
the
fire
,
which
M.
Thomas
Cromwell
,
then
Lord
priuie
Seale
,
and
Vicegerent
generall
of
the
Spiritualties
,
brought
with
him
,
to
make
desolate
those
houses
,
and
all
other
Abbeyes
,
which
were
soone
after
dissolued
.
For
Treasures
of
princes
,
noble
men
,
and
priuate
persons
,
by
their
gifts
to
gaine
a
good
opinion
amongst
good
men
of
their
true
liberalitie
,
these
three
cautions
are
required
:
First
,
a
respect
vnto
the
time
;
secondly
,
to
the
quantitie
;
thirdly
,
to
the
person
:
when
,
how
much
,
and
vpon
whome
they
will
bestow
:
the
time
limitted
,
when
it
may
stand
them
in
most
steed
which
bee
rewarded
,
not
preiudicing
others
to
maintaine
the
same
,
according
to
the
saying
of
Cicero
,
Ab
hoc
genere
largitionis
,
vt
alijs
detur
alijs
auferatur
aberunt
ij
qui
rempub
,
tuebuntur
:
As
in
graunting
of
Monopolies
to
the
pleasuring
of
some
one
man
,
by
the
preiudicing
of
a
multitude
,
which
is
very
dangerous
:
as
also
when
one
rich
marchant
is
suffered
to
ingrosse
some
one
whole
commoditie
into
his
owne
hands
.
As
it
is
written
of
a
craftie
Sycilian
;
who
with
money
that
was
none
of
his
owne
,
but
lent
vnto
him
as
in
trust
to
bee
restored
,
vpon
demaund
bought
all
the
yron
out
of
the
yronmongers
shops
in
Syracusae
:
and
when
marchants
had
from
diuers
places
repaired
to
that
citie
,
this
Ingrosser
furnished
them
with
that
commoditie
,
not
greatly
raising
the
price
thereof
:
yet
so
,
that
for
the
disbursement
of
fiftie
talents
hee
gayned
an
hundred
;
which
was
a
double
vse
:
for
a
Talent
Atticke
amounted
to
sixe
hundred
crownes
:
in
so
much
,
as
by
bestowing
thirtie
thousand
crownes
,
he
gained
cleere
threescore
thousand
,
and
had
a
quicke
returne
of
his
money
.
But
the
bruit
hereof
beeing
brought
vnto
the
tyrant
Dionysius
;
albeit
the
money
was
not
taken
from
him
,
(
which
many
miserable
tyrants
would
haue
done
)
yet
was
hee
banished
from
Syracusae
.
Which
punishment
was
so
much
the
lesse
,
by
how
much
the
more
that
tyrant
was
taught
by
the
like
precedent
.
These
&
such
like
Monopolies
(
where
many
businesses
are
handled
for
the
Commonwealth
)
are
onely
fit
for
princes
,
and
not
to
be
diuolued
or
vnaduisedly
bestowed
vpon
marchants
or
other
subiects
:
forsomuch
as
they
procure
a
generall
malice
of
the
people
for
a
priuat
mans
thankes
vnto
the
prince
:
and
some
princes
get
not
so
much
as
thankes
.
The
quantitie
likewise
ought
to
be
measured
by
the
rule
of
their
owne
faculties
which
bestow
them
:
the
persons
vpon
whome
it
is
bestowed
respected
according
to
their
worth
and
qualitie
,
taking
good
heed
that
they
benefit
not
their
friends
by
preiudicing
strangers
,
or
oppresse
any
to
maintaine
the
report
of
their
liberalitie
,
breaking
that
bubble
of
vaine
glorie
soone
puft
vp
with
emptinesse
,
which
allureth
babes
and
fooles
into
the
bottomlesse
waues
of
confusion
:
Suum
namque
cuique
in
Cicero
)
:
all
eminent
tokens
of
good
knowledge
and
vertues
in
people
must
be
cherished
and
encouraged
with
beneficence
:
such
as
loue
them
much
,
should
be
rewarded
with
much
;
which
is
intended
by
the
interior
and
not
any
exterior
speech
,
as
for
meere
affection
onely
,
not
benefiting
flatterers
which
intirely
loue
for
lucre
,
considering
how
the
cares
of
this
fraile
honour
with
the
deceitfulnesse
of
riches
&
fleshly
lusts
,
enter
the
thoughts
of
such
Sicophants
possessing
their
hearts
,
and
choaking
the
diuine
grace
within
them
which
is
made
vnfruitfull
:
also
they
that
by
such
deceit
seeke
riches
,
vndoubtedly
fall
drowne
men
in
perdition
.
They
therefore
that
in
giuing
vse
these
respects
,
resemble
fruitfull
grounds
,
yeelding
much
more
graine
than
they
receiued
;
when
in
a
charitable
respect
and
for
necessitie
sake
some
bee
rewarded
,
that
haue
not
any
manifest
tokens
of
desert
or
vertue
requiring
it
:
which
in
such
good
and
sound
discretion
consoundeth
melodiously
with
the
giuers
vertues
and
dignities
.
Yet
for
so
much
as
the
number
of
people
crauing
and
wanting
is
infinite
,
reliefe
and
preferment
must
extend
in
speciall
to
their
owne
countreymen
,
nationals
,
friends
,
and
fellowes
:
some
of
which
are
woon
with
a
resemblance
in
fashions
,
manners
and
conditions
,
others
with
benefites
and
gracious
offers
mutually
done
and
receiued
.
Which
obseruation
likewise
seemeth
in
Salust
,
who
writeth
,
That
Vbi
Romani
virtute
pericula
propulerant
,
socijs
atque
amicis
Malicious
parasites
and
picke
thankes
,
the
canker
and
rust
of
iust
honour
and
riches
,
must
bee
blotted
out
of
the
bookes
of
your
beneficence
,
as
the
most
vngratefull
vipers
of
nobilitie
:
for
if
they
find
your
inclination
to
their
subtleties
,
then
will
they
neuer
cease
,
like
a
Northeast
wind
,
till
they
haue
blasted
all
before
them
,
both
stocke
and
reputation
.
Malitia
namque
praemijs
excercetur
;
vbi
ea
dempseris
nemo
omnium
gratuitò
malus
est
.
By
vlla
peccatorum
vltio
sequatur
.
Wee
haue
here
in
this
our
Commonwealth
much
like
order
obserued
:
as
that
any
man
preferring
iust
information
against
priuate
persons
,
transgressing
the
statutes
penall
,
shall
haue
for
his
meed
halfe
the
forfeiture
and
penaltie
limitted
:
which
if
in
other
matters
capitall
,
and
of
more
moment
,
it
were
permitted
,
would
bee
a
sure
and
vndoubted
meanes
,
to
restraine
many
crimes
,
and
hainous
transgressions
of
people
.
There
is
likewise
a
kind
of
Liberalitie
most
expedient
,
which
Cicero
calleth
beneficence
;
being
as
it
were
a
willing
habite
,
or
inclination
,
moouing
men
to
doe
good
.
This
goodnesse
hee
defineth
by
the
similitude
of
them
which
will
not
restraine
the
course
of
a
riuer
freely
running
,
as
not
maliciously
crossing
anothers
preferment
,
when
it
withdraweth
not
one
mite
from
their
owne
,
but
further
,
or
aduaunce
it
rather
.
The
contrarie
to
which
is
very
rife
in
euery
princes
court
at
this
day
.
Likewise
it
is
held
a
kind
of
Liberalitie
,
to
giue
sound
and
honest
counsell
from
a
well-willing
heart
to
the
best
of
their
cunning
,
vnto
such
as
will
consult
with
them
:
this
is
a
Liberalitie
from
a
faithfull
Counsellour
,
peculiar
vnto
his
prince
and
countrey
:
which
faithfulnesse
ought
mutually
to
bee
recompenced
vnto
him
by
the
prince
with
honour
and
dignities
:
for
wee
read
it
in
the
Psalmes
of
that
blessed
Prophet
:
Dilige
bonum
servum
vt
animam
tuam
,
&
tracta
cum
vt
fratrem
tuum
.
Good
Princes
therefore
will
shew
their
beneficence
vnto
good
Counsellors
,
being
absent
,
present
,
aliue
,
or
dead
:
euen
in
aduauncing
their
children
to
those
offices
after
them
,
if
they
bee
found
worthie
.
Which
truly
royall
beneficence
hath
woon
so
many
good
counsellours
hearts
,
that
not
onely
they
haue
left
all
their
lands
and
possessions
at
their
death
vnto
the
king
;
but
some
of
them
haue
most
ioyfully
sacrificed
their
liues
for
his
safetie
.
The
third
strayne
of
beneficence
,
is
by
similitude
of
him
that
giueth
light
vnto
the
torch
of
another
from
his
owne
:
for
this
is
a
neighbourly
beneficence
,
not
hindering
his
owne
,
in
lending
helpe
vnto
friendes
and
countreymen
.
Which
kinde
of
honest
lending
and
dutifull
repayment
is
very
needfull
and
commodious
,
being
a
true
vertuous
braunch
of
Liberalitie
,
as
is
witnessed
by
that
royall
Psalmist
,
Vir
iustus
liberalis
est
&
mutuum
dat
;
declaring
,
that
lending
is
a
member
of
Liberalitie
;
which
vndoubtedly
tendeth
to
the
conseruation
of
humane
societie
.
Thus
much
(
least
I
should
wearie
my selfe
or
the
Reader
with
matters
too
vulgar
and
generally
knowne
)
I
thinke
sufficient
for
this
Office
.
Howbeit
,
there
are
many
things
which
I
would
and
may
not
set
downe
:
and
much
also
which
I
cannot
,
though
I
would
most
gladly
;
because
I
want
meanes
to
attaine
vnto
the
knowledge
of
some
speciall
secrets
in
this
Office
of
Treasurers
:
howbeit
,
finding
my
force
vnworthie
such
mysteries
,
I
rest
well
satisfied
with
these
ordinarie
rules
;
referring
my selfe
to
some
things
,
which
(
as
occasionshall
offer
in
this
Booke
ensuing
)
do
subalternatly
respect
it
.
Finis
Libri
Primi
.
The
second
Booke
of
Offices
.
IT
is
a
most
chargeable
burthen
,
heauily
leaning
on
Caius
Iulius
Caesar
resembleth
vnto
the
superfluous
ballase
of
a
ship
,
which
as
things
vnprofitable
,
minimique
precij
(
vpon
the
suddaine
violence
of
any
tempest
)
the
masters
and
Officers
,
(
being
puzzled
and
in
distresse
)
hoise
first
ouer
board
.
Neither
can
it
serue
,
that
the
prince
haue
all
(
which
may
be
required
)
in
himselfe
onely
;
but
that
they
which
must
ayde
him
in
administration
of
his
estate
bee
furnished
with
competent
knowledge
also
:
for
as
it
sufficeth
not
,
to
keepe
the
bodie
in
health
by
withdrawing
all
euill
humors
and
infirmities
from
the
head
,
vnlesse
the
heart
,
with
other
principall
and
inward
members
of
the
bodie
,
bee
semblably
with
due
correspondence
attempered
in
their
seuerall
functions
:
so
doth
it
not
accord
,
that
the
king
being
absolute
in
his
parts
onely
,
the
state
also
should
be
safe
,
if
his
Senatours
doe
not
by
some
dutifull
diligence
and
proportion
of
vertues
answerable
,
knit
all
up
in
perfection
.
For
what
is
hee
that
can
consult
and
dispatch
many
serious
causes
at
once
and
absolutely
without
helpe
?
Suppose
him
more
found
in
wisdome
and
knowledge
than
Salomon
,
or
stronger
by
three
degrees
than
Hercules
;
yet
doth
experience
in
nature
teach
vs
,
that
a
necessarie
necessitie
requireth
this
election
of
approoued
good
Counsellors
,
without
which
ayde
no
prince
can
support
the
burthen
of
a
kingdome
:
neither
can
his
owne
outward
sences
properly
performe
those
inward
Offices
,
which
are
required
towards
the
ruling
of
a
multitude
.
Besides
,
according
with
Tacitus
,
No
man
is
so
naturally
prompt
,
or
hath
that
dexteritie
to
deale
in
his
owne
cause
,
which
he
shall
find
in
himselfe
;
solliciting
for
another
.
And
in
another
place
,
Grauissimi
principis
labores
queis
orbem
terrae
capessit
egent
adminicutis
:
The
most
serious
labours
of
a
prince
(
by
which
hee
winneth
the
whole
earth
)
stand
in
need
of
helpes
.
For
they
to
whom
much
businesse
and
many
people
are
committed
,
haue
much
need
of
counsell
.
Euery
good
Prince
which
did
formerly
gouerne
,
was
attended
with
as
many
Counsellors
,
as
he
was
with
eyes
,
eares
,
and
hands
:
Caius
Caesar
with
Quintus
Paedius
and
Cornelius
Balbus
;
Augustus
with
Mecoenas
and
Agrippa
;
Adrianus
with
Celsus
,
Saluius
,
and
Neratius
;
Marcus
Antoninus
with
Scaeuola
,
Mutianus
,
and
Volatianus
;
Seuerus
with
Papinianus
.
And
to
be
short
,
our
late
Princes
of
most
fortunate
and
blessed
memorie
,
Queene
Elizabeth
,
and
your
Maiestie
,
with
Sir
Nicholas
Bacon
,
Sir
Walter
Mildemay
,
Sir
Iohn
Cheeke
,
Sir
Francis
Walsingham
,
William
Lord
Burghley
,
Robert
Earle
of
Leycester
,
Robert
Cecyll
Earle
of
Salisburie
,
Sir
The.
Egerton
Lord
Elesmere
and
Chancellor
,
Sir
Tho.
Sackuylle
Earle
of
Dorset
now
Lord
Treasurer
,
with
diuerse
others
.
And
hence
is
it
,
that
Cicero
noteth
,
Not
with
swiftnesse
and
bodily
strength
great
matters
are
ordered
,
but
with
counsell
and
authoritie
.
Likewise
Salust
,
With
much
reading
and
hearing
I
find
,
that
all
Nations
haue
beene
prosperous
,
so
long
as
iust
counsell
preuailed
with
them
:
but
being
once
with
partialitie
,
feare
,
and
pleasure
corrupted
,
presently
their
wealth
wasted
,
their
Empire
vanished
,
and
sla●…erie
tyrannized
vpon
them
.
And
as
Dionysius
Halicarnassaeus
writeth
,
the
cause
That
the
gouernours
of
the
Empire
were
directed
by
Counsels
of
the
Senate
,
not
following
their
owne
opinions
:
for
by
the
assembly
of
wise
Counsellors
,
the
princes
wisedome
is
encreased
.
As
Capitolinus
writeth
:
Bonus
fit
si
bonis
amicis
vtatur
:
That
Prince
which
maketh
vse
of
Prosperitatem
regis
famam
Consiliarij
:
The
kings
prosperitie
to
depend
vpon
the
Counsellors
fame
:
and
so
by
good
inuersion
,
the
fame
of
a
Counsellour
to
depend
vpon
the
kings
prosperitie
.
But
it
is
needlesse
to
stand
so
much
vpon
the
necessitie
thereof
,
being
so
well
knowne
to
the
weakest
iudgement
.
A
Counsell
therefore
,
according
to
Bodin
,
is
a
lawfull
congregation
or
assembly
of
choise
persons
,
which
aduise
the
king
in
times
of
peace
and
warre
how
to
gouerne
the
Commonwealth
:
and
as
Furio
Ceriolano
defineth
them
Counsellors
are
apt
persons
chosen
for
fit
businesse
,
in
whom
there
is
required
good
sufficiencie
towards
the
administration
of
all
matters
debated
in
Counsels
.
Demosthenes
therefore
calleth
consultation
,
The
chapiter
and
constancie
,
the
base
of
all
vertues
.
I
will
particularly
speake
in
my
third
booke
of
Offices
somwhat
concerning
the
Councels
of
England
:
and
hauing
in
these
Offices
occasion
generally
to
touch
the
secret
councels
of
a
state
also
,
I
will
breifely
write
what
I
haue
in
part
gathered
concerning
the
strict
and
priuat
councell
of
France
,
omitting
the
councell
at
large
(
which
is
called
the
Grand
Counsell
)
consisting
vpon
the
L.
Chauncellour
to
whom
with
the
maisters
of
the
Requests
for
their
more
ease
and
expedition
in
publicke
businesse
(
with
which
theyformerly
were
much
entangled
)
king
Charles
the
eight
added
seuenteene
councelours
spirituall
and
temporall
.
After
whom
his
successor
Lewes
the
12
superadded
one
prelate
and
two
more
counsellours
fulfilling
the
number
of
20
besides
two
secretaries
,
whereof
one
did
serue
in
place
of
an
actuarie
:
it
being
Philip
le
beau
no
persons
of
that
Realme
can
appeale
,
because
the
king
himselfe
which
acknowledgeth
no
superiour
in
his
dominions
vnder
God
,
is
the
chiefe
thereof
)
conuerseth
in
all
publicke
affaires
of
the
Common-wealth
,
respecting
the
king
and
gouernment
,
which
is
aduised
and
directed
thereby
.
Albeit
the
king
be
iudge
of
this
Counsell
,
and
of
the
Parliament
,
yet
is
hee
subiect
to
the
lawes
thereof
.
Nam
Parliamentis
secundum
deum
rex
solus
Imperat
,
qui
absens
aquè
in
Parliamenti
ac
in
priuati
Consilij
decretis
loquitur
:
Philip
le
Longe
ordained
of
this
Counsell
twentie
Noblemen
:
whereof
six
were
of
the
blood
,
two
Marischals
,
the
Archbishop
of
Rhoane
,
the
Bishop
of
S.
Malo
,
with
the
Chauncellor
of
Fraunce
,
and
nine
others
.
These
had
the
determining
of
all
great
causes
;
ordering
(
as
in
their
wisedomes
was
thought
fit
)
the
families
of
the
King
,
of
his
Queene
,
and
of
his
children
:
also
to
take
account
each
moneth
of
the
Treasurers
,
and
to
reforme
any
thing
which
needed
helpe
in
that
Office
.
In
which
(
as
in
our
Counsell
chamber
of
England
)
there
is
a
register
or
Diarie
booke
kept
of
all
speciall
causes
there
handled
and
debated
,
which
deserue
monument
.
And
this
Counsell
is
therefore
fitly
called
the
Common-wealths
heart
;
wherein
the
knowledge
and
vnderstanding
is
placed
,
beeing
properly
tearmed
,
Dux
&
Imperator
vitae
mortalium
:
The
Captaine
and
Commaunder
of
mortall
mens
liues
.
For
those
are
the
chiefe
Morall
faculties
of
the
mind
;
vnto
which
euen
as
the
bodie
by
obedience
is
bound
,
so
semblably
should
the
people
dutifully
subiect
themselues
to
this
Aristocraticall
Senate
.
And
therfore
that
extreame
&
straine
of
prudence
,
is
in
extremities
permitted
to
this
Counsell
onely
,
because
they
can
make
best
vse
of
it
,
finding
(
in
their
prudent
foresight
)
when
and
vpon
what
occasions
for
the
Commonwealth
to
put
the
same
in
execution
,
as
Salust
in
one
of
his
Orations
:
Patres
consilio
valere
debent
,
populo
superuacanea
est
calliditas
.
The
Fathers
and
Senatours
should
exceed
and
preuaile
in
their
Counsell
:
Calliditie
becommeth
not
the
Commonaltie
▪
Them
therfore
that
serue
in
such
Office
,
it
behoueth
to
be
very
well
skilled
in
princely
cunning
being
with
diligence
employed
in
affaires
of
state
,
and
politicke
matters
,
narrowly
respecting
gouernment
.
This
Counsell
especially
conuerseth
in
ciuile
causes
;
as
in
punishing
of
Rulers
,
Deputies
,
Iustices
of
peace
,
Generals
of
armies
,
Coronels
,
priuat
Captaines
,
inferior
Counsellors
of
the
prince
ciuile
or
martiall
,
concerning
their
iust
dealing
or
iniquitie
in
execution
of
their
Offices
.
In
whose
doome
it
resteth
,
whether
they
shall
bee
discharged
or
retained
in
their
places
,
which
persons
are
to
be
thought
seruiceable
,
&
which
not
.
This
Counsell
likewise
prouideth
,
that
there
be
no
falshood
in
paying
of
wages
and
prouision
for
victuall
vsed
by
the
treasurers
&
prouant
masters
in
campe
or
garrison
.
It
hath
in
like
sort
a
regard
limited
vnto
the
treasurers
and
officers
of
the
prince
his
great
receit
,
to
whom
the
collection
and
conseruation
thereof
remaineth
:
but
the
dispensation
and
imployment
only
resteth
in
the
command
of
this
Counsell
,
which
likewise
hath
in
trust
the
consideration
of
all
weightie
treaties
of
peace
betwixt
their
people
and
other
nations
,
of
leagues
,
amities
,
commerce
&
entercourse
,
of
militarie
complots
,
confederacies
,
and
actions
,
and
of
dispatching
away
well
instructed
embassadours
with
any
complementarie
tearmes
of
beneuolence
towards
forren
princes
or
states
,
really
or
verbally
to
be
professed
or
coloured
:
to
deliberate
and
resolue
by
what
meanes
in
how
short
time
and
whether
in
priuate
or
publikely
such
businesse
should
bee
managed
:
with
some
other
intricacies
of
more
importance
:
of
which
here
I
may
not
take
any
notice
;
neither
(
if
I
could
)
can
it
bee
thought
fit
that
I
should
open
them
,
being
only
reserued
as
mysteries
peculiar
to
this
which
the
prince
calleth
his
owne
Counsell
.
Those
secrets
of
a
State
,
which
commonly
fore
beyond
the
vulgar
apprehension
,
beeing
certaine
rules
,
or
as
it
were
cabals
of
glorious
gouernment
and
successe
both
in
peace
and
warre
(
apprehensible
to
few
secret
Counsellors
in
some
Commonweales
,
which
either
languish
or
wax
vnfortunate
)
are
locked
vp
in
foure
generall
rules
.
First
,
in
the
congregation
of
wise
magistrates
,
including
the
prinat
Counsell
.
These
vpon
importune
causes
in
matters
of
highest
consequence
(
that
cannot
otherwise
bee
remedied
,
but
by
meanes
most
necessarie
to
bee
concealed
)
knit
vp
the
prudence
of
their
resolutions
in
sinuous
knots
and
serpentine
wreathes
of
mysticall
and
intricate
meanes
,
and
instruments
,
fetching
in
their
curious
machinations
and
denises
with
bait
,
hooke
,
and
line
,
for
any
graue
purpose
beyond
ordinarie
reason
.
The
second
is
in
the
maiestie
of
State
,
which
includeth
euery
prince
his
priuate
power
with
the
strength
of
his
wisedome
and
fortitude
,
in
allies
,
monies
,
confederates
,
inuasions
and
euasions
,
in
all
glorious
hazards
and
aduentures
.
In
seeking
certainely
to
learne
out
those
mysteries
,
the
vulgar
are
commonly
deceiued
:
for
it
is
so
shadowed
,
as
not
all
princes
are
well
acquainted
with
their
owne
force
,
and
how
faire
their
armes
may
by
meanes
sufficiently
stretch
:
onely
some
few
very
prudent
and
industrious
Counsellors
,
of
grauest
and
most
iudicious
obseruation
,
are
throughly
well
acquainted
withall
.
The
third
consisteth
in
iudgements
:
wherein
vpon
the
decision
and
appendance
of
some
weightie
matters
(
respecting
the
common
quiet
and
securitie
by
certaine
mysticall
circumstances
in
handling
)
strange
Oracles
,
not
apprehensible
by
vulgar
sence
,
are
oftentimes
closed
:
as
by
suffering
a
mischiefe
rather
than
an
inconuenience
,
and
by
breaking
off
a
leg
or
arme
,
to
saue
the
best
ioynt
from
perishing
.
The
fourth
concludeth
in
the
warie
leuying
of
warre
,
in
the
skilfull
exercising
,
leading
,
and
encouraging
of
souldiors
vpon
seruices
vnto
them
vnknowne
,
and
tending
to
the
most
renowne
,
protection
,
and
augmentation
of
their
countrey
;
which
entirely
dependeth
vpon
stratagemes
of
warre
,
deuised
and
executed
by
the
Commaunder
his
noble
and
industrious
sagacitie
and
secrecie
;
and
in
them
many
times
are
the
weales
and
safeties
of
puissant
kings
and
kingdomes
wholly
contained
.
In
choice
of
this
most
honourable
Senate
it
is
very
needfull
,
that
the
prince
shew
great
prudence
and
discretion
:
as
in
that
sufficiencie
which
must
serue
the
mature
expedition
of
all
causes
committed
to
the
administration
therof
:
so
that
Election
(
being
as
it
were
a
franke
action
of
the
mind
,
which
in
choice
of
g●…things
accepteth
the
best
,
and
in
doubtfull
euils
auoideth
the
worse
)
wholly
belongeth
the
prince
.
Likewise
noble
industrie
(
being
a
ceaselesse
and
sincere
cogitation
,
and
ment
all
lucubration
for
the
iust
and
inuiolable
honour
of
his
Prince
and
of
the
Commonwealth
)
is
the
true
cognisance
of
a
good
Counsellor
:
and
these
two
qualities
in
them
both
are
apparant
and
true
tokens
of
both
their
wisedomes
.
The
worthiest
choice
that
a
Prince
can
make
for
such
a
Senate
,
is
out
of
the
true
nobilitie
,
which
vnder
him
should
gouerne
and
amplifie
the
Commonwealth
:
I
meane
principally
those
that
are
notable
and
approoued
for
their
vertues
and
honour
,
encountering
neerely
with
the
dignities
of
their
blood
and
families
:
such
as
flie
not
into
the
palaces
of
a
Commonwealth
by
the
casements
of
their
couetise
,
with
the
lazie
wings
of
their
wealth
,
but
enter
the
triumphant
port
of
honour
,
marshalled
by
their
conspicuous
vertues
Very
noble
was
that
sacred
institution
of
S.
Louis
and
Charles
the
fifth
,
French
kings
,
which
by
their
speciall
edicts
cautioned
,
that
in
their
dominions
no
magistracies
or
Offices
might
bee
sold
and
bought
,
but
frankely
bestowed
vpon
prudent
,
learned
,
continent
,
and
honest
persons
,
to
the
best
of
their
good
fame
and
skill
respectiuely
:
for
such
dinundation
of
dignities
(
as
Heliog
abalus
and
Vespasian
vsed
,
and
which
was
by
the
iust
Emperour
Alexander
Seuerus
refused
)
is
most
corrupt
,
odious
,
and
pestilent
in
any
Commonwealth
,
according
to
M.
Bodin
in
his
booke
of
Commonwealth
:
In
omni
genere
ciuitatum
tarpissima
ac
perniciosissima
honorum
ac
praemiorum
(
quae
virtuti
debentur
)
mercatura
.
In
all
sorts
of
cities
,
the
marchandize
of
honours
and
rewards
which
are
due
to
vertue
,
is
most
foule
and
pernicious
.
For
what
more
dishonour
in
any
state
can
bee
found
,
than
when
honours
and
dignities
are
vnworthily
distributed
?
Iacet
etenim
&
sordescit
reipub
gloria
cum
indignis
honores
tribuuntur
:
For
the
glory
of
euery
such
Commonwealth
(
where
honours
are
vnworthily
Ex
rebus
namque
leuissimis
Philip
Valoys
called
Le
Beau
,
who
published
an
Edict
,
That
euerie
third
yeare
inquisition
should
bee
made
into
the
manners
,
state
,
and
behauiour
of
the
secret
Counsellors
,
administrng
in
the
In
this
forme
of
triall
therefore
great
iudgement
and
good
heed
must
bee
had
to
those
accusations
so
preferred
,
which
sometimes
like
pilles
haue
their
bitternesse
fairely
gilt
and
shaddowed
,
as
hath
beene
manifoldly
seene
by
good
experience
heretofore
.
In
which
case
the
Prince
imitateth
S.
Thomas
,
not
crediting
further
than
his
eyes
and
hands
haue
seene
and
felt
.
For
honours
and
Offices
are
either
bestowed
vpon
men
for
desert
,
for
fauour
,
or
in
respect
of
their
power
.
He
which
in
this
choice
hath
inspexion
onely
to
the
first
,
sheweth
wisedome
and
vertue
:
but
they
that
simply
standvpon
power
and
fauour
,
differ
little
from
the
touch
of
tyrannie
.
A
fit
Counsellor
therefore
a
little
after
his
election
should
haue
adoption
by
the
prince
into
that
societie
,
before
his
noble
and
immediate
ministers
of
Iustice
;
where
,
to
him
must
bee
shewed
,
that
for
his
wisedome
and
honest
parts
,
and
in
regard
of
the
peoples
good
opinion
,
attesting
his
sufficiencie
,
choice
was
made
of
him
:
which
good
fame
if
he
would
cherish
,
the
glorie
should
in
speciall
redound
vnto
himselfe
;
whereas
otherwise
,
the
neglect
thereof
would
disgrace
and
deiect
him
,
proposing
rewards
and
punishments
suting
with
his
demeanour
:
by
which
course
the
people
will
be
well
satisfied
,
the
Counsellor
tied
to
care
how
this
honour
may
be
with
answerable
dutie
retained
,
and
to
knit
vp
the
couenant
,
his
oath
being
(
as
Cicero
tearmeth
it
)
a
religious
affirmation
,
must
bee
ministred
vnto
him
in
presence
;
which
will
summon
his
conscience
to
warie
circumspection
and
faithfulnesse
in
that
Office
,
arming
him
with
honest
constancie
,
when
partiall
respect
of
blood
or
friendship
shall
chalenge
him
vpon
vniust
tearmes
;
by
which
means
he
may
take
honourable
exceptions
against
them
.
And
hence
is
it
that
Salust
sayth
,
How
Counsellors
should
in
their
difficult
consultations
set
apart
all
hatred
,
friendship
,
wrath
,
and
mercie
.
Haud
etenim
facile
vera
prouidet
animus
vbi
illa
officiunt
:
neque
quisquam
omnium
libidini
simùl
&
vsui
paruit
:
For
hardly
can
the
mind
foresee
the
truth
where
those
offend
,
neither
did
euer
any
man
become
subiect
at
once
to
his
lust
and
commoditie
.
And
(
to
make
it
the
surer
)
an
oath
is
most
auaileable
with
honest
and
ingenuous
consciences
and
natures
,
which
Cicero
likewise
addeth
to
the
charge
of
a
magistrate
.
Neque
If
Princes
therefore
will
hold
this
course
in
planting
Counsellors
,
many
very
noble
persons
by
birth
,
will
with
vertuous
studies
furnish
and
enable
themselues
for
those
Offices
:
and
suppose
,
they
beeing
licenciously
nuzzled
in
delicate
effeminacie
,
corrupt
their
natures
with
pestilent
sluggishnesse
;
yet
will
other
ingenuous
spirits
(
not
so
pampered
and
assotted
with
sensualities
in
their
education
)
naturally
contend
to
become
absolute
,
and
with
some
experience
and
practise
prooue
planets
of
happinesse
to
the
Commonwealth
,
where
they
minister
.
In
my
iudgement
that
was
a
very
strange
and
politicke
prouision
of
former
times
in
Fraunce
,
which
did
so
worke
in
the
phantasticall
spirits
of
those
Noblemen
:
For
Vincentius
Lupanus
noteth
,
That
they
did
abhorre
as
a
qualitie
base
,
barbarous
,
and
disgracefull
,
that
their
gentlemen
of
the
most
liberall
birth
and
nature
,
should
bee
learned
in
the
liberall
Sciences
and
in
Philosophie
:
prouiding
onely
,
that
their
education
should
tend
to
good
skill
in
horsemanship
,
in
hunting
,
and
in
the
practise
of
armes
.
In
which
opinion
it
seemeth
to
mee
,
that
they
were
formerly
confirmed
,
and
animated
by
the
kings
of
that
realme
vpon
very
prudent
respects
:
howbeit
,
I
could
neuer
read
it
written
in
any
booke
,
neither
haue
I
receiued
it
from
the
mouth
of
any
mans
opinion
,
what
cause
might
induce
them
to
that
kind
of
stupiditie
.
But
(
vnder
pardon
)
I
deeme
,
that
they
being
of
a
fierie
,
stirring
,
and
haughtie
stomacke
(
as
the
noble
natures
of
that
Nation
hath
beene
many
times
by
many
wise
obseruers
noted
)
and
being
rooted
or
implanted
rather
to
the
ciuile
factions
of
diuerse
Dukes
and
pettie
princes
,
through
blood
and
alliance
oppositely
combined
against
some
kings
,
and
others
of
those
prouinces
;
it
hath
beene
a
kind
of
foolish
caball
,
tending
to
the
preseruation
of
that
State
,
and
taught
vnto
them
for
the
priuation
of
their
rationall
and
intellectuall
knowledge
,
which
otherwise
,
through
their
sedicious
complots
and
deuices
,
(
such
as
haue
alwayes
beene
plentifull
amongst
them
)
they
might
haue
coyned
out
of
the
noble
mint
of
hystories
and
other
politike
discourses
,
and
therewithall
endangered
the
publicke
state
.
For
certaine
it
is
,
that
(
by
the
goodnesse
of
God
,
and
the
naturall
benefit
of
that
climate
vnder
which
they
liue
)
those
noble
men
of
Fraunce
are
docile
,
ingenuous
,
apprehensiue
,
variable
,
rash
,
and
for
the
most
part
fitter
for
alteration
than
confirmation
of
great
affaires
.
Howbeit
,
in
the
flourishing
age
of
king
Frauncis
the
first
,
some
threescore
and
ten
yeares
past
,
at
what
time
God
graciously
visited
the
most
parts
of
Christendome
with
his
spirit
of
all
true
knowledge
and
literature
;
when
the
most
comfortable
beames
of
his
blessed
sonne
our
Sauiour
Christ
his
Gospell
,
after
a
long
and
infernall
eclipse
of
ignorance
,
beautifully
brast
out
,
and
was
dispersed
amongst
the
poore
,
leane
,
and
hunger-starued
sheepe
of
his
pasture
,
as
well
with
vs
in
these
Realmes
,
as
with
them
,
and
in
Germanie
:
euen
then
did
the
French
Nobilitie
take
it
as
their
highest
honour
,
and
a
true
type
of
perfect
glorie
to
bee
learned
in
all
vertuous
contemplation
and
studies
,
that
therein
also
(
which
so
much
surreacheth
momentanie
fortunes
)
they
might
like
as
many
starres
surmount
,
and
be
discerned
from
the
vulgar
sh●…ddowes
.
So
that
vnto
men
enriched
with
those
noble
qualities
,
the
prince
vertuously
studying
to
glorifie
the
state
of
that
flourishing
kingdome
,
diuolued
the
great
and
noblest
Maiesties
,
Offices
,
and
Magistracies
of
his
state
(
whereof
the
number
is
infinite
)
vnto
such
as
were
learned
and
vertuous
.
Sola
namque
virtus
vera
Nobilitas
est
.
For
very
Nobilitie
is
composed
of
vertue
onely
.
And
certaine
is
it
found
in
all
kingdomes
,
That
if
the
Prince
delight
in
hunting
,
Poetrie
,
Musicke
,
Armes
,
Astrologie
,
&c.
not
onely
those
neerest
him
in
court
,
but
the
vulgar
will
fashion
themselues
,
according
to
their
abilities
vnto
such
studies
and
pleasures
.
And
(
if
hee
take
comfort
in
wise
and
honorable
councellours
)
all
his
Nobles
and
Barons
within
the
space
of
foure
or
fiue
yeares
will
bee
fit
to
serue
in
secret
Councell
to
the
best
princes
of
the
world
;
nay
more
,
a
king
may
make
apt
Counsellors
of
very
meane
men
(
Qui
maioribus
suis
virtute
praelucent
:
Which
giue
more
light
of
vertue
than
their
ancestors
)
onely
by
this
rule
:
so
that
his
house
or
Court
shall
soone
become
a
Schoole-house
or
Colledge
of
sapience
and
vertue
.
This
likewise
in
the
election
of
a
Counsellor
is
one
exceeding
Principle
,
That
euery
Prince
in
the
beginning
of
his
reigne
,
without
very
weightie
cause
to
the
contrarie
,
continue
those
Counsellors
in
their
places
,
being
left
in
seruice
of
his
predecessor
.
Which
wisedome
hath
well
appeared
in
your
most
worthily
renowned
Maiestie
;
who
with
good
successe
and
auspicious
grace
yeelded
your selfe
to
that
course
,
vpon
your
Graces
imitation
to
your
heritage
of
this
Crown
imperiall
of
England
,
with
the
royalties
annexed
.
Which
some
writers
haue
noted
in
diuers
prudent
kings
,
but
amongst
others
in
Lewis
the
eleuenth
,
the
French
king
:
who
being
readie
to
depart
this
life
,
commended
to
the
trust
of
his
sonne
Charles
the
eight
(
then
readie
to
succeed
)
the
fidelities
of
those
Counsellors
which
instantly
did
serue
him
;
intimating
to
him
in
this
caueat
,
That
hee
by
good
experience
in
himselfe
had
formerly
felt
the
smart
which
ensued
vpon
the
displacing
of
such
approued
,
vertuous
,
and
honest
ministers
.
Whose
counsell
tooke
such
effect
with
king
Charles
,
that
hee
liued
in
such
happie
state
amongst
his
Peeres
and
Counsell
,
as
that
in
griefe
conceiued
of
his
death
,
two
of
his
Officers
about
his
person
,
then
in
seruice
,
suddenly
died
also
.
This
Charles
was
so
beloued
,
as
hath
not
beene
mentioned
in
the
French
histories
of
any
king
like
him
,
except
of
the
Emperour
Titus
;
before
whom
(
for
his
humanitie
,
lenitie
,
liberalitie
,
goodnesse
,
and
vertues
)
he
was
much
preferred
.
Vnto
the
making
vp
of
this
politicke
bodie
,
the
profit
,
ruine
,
honour
,
and
shame
of
the
prince
and
subiects
are
surely
fastened
.
It
behooueth
therefore
specially
,
that
Princes
haue
a
sharpe
sight
into
them
of
this
societie
:
for
admit
some
could
be
contented
to
deceiue
;
yet
those
finding
the
Prince
more
warily
like
a
carefull
father
than
a
vigilant
tyrant
,
which
attendeth
bloodie
vantages
,
to
looke
into
their
actions
,
become
faithfull
,
albeit
against
their
will
:
and
then
being
well
encouraged
with
dignities
and
preferments
in
their
diligence
and
honesties
,
they
shall
not
haue
any
cause
to
wring
from
others
vniustly
:
insomuch
as
they
(
finding
that
the
prince
groweth
studious
of
their
weale
)
shall
bee
mooued
entirely
to
neglect
their
owne
priuate
,
for
the
better
aduauncement
of
his
seruice
,
and
Maiestie
.
In
which
,
if
they
doe
not
both
of
them
keepe
rule
,
space
,
time
,
tune
,
and
eare
reciprocally
,
then
shall
they
both
certainely
mistake
in
the
descant
of
their
plaine
song
.
Hereupon
dependeth
also
,
that
secret
Counsellors
(
in
weightie
matters
by
the
Prince
to
them
concredited
)
keepe
counsell
and
secrecie
:
for
(
it
being
deemed
most
odious
,
when
a
priuate
person
dispaleth
the
secrets
of
his
friend
that
relieth
vpon
his
Taciturnitie
)
how
much
more
contemptuous
and
damnable
is
it
in
him
,
which
discloseth
the
priuate
consultations
of
his
Prince
;
when
such
ouerture
portendeth
great
dammage
to
the
Common-wealth
?
Heerein
he
reuerseth
his
truest
honours
,
violateth
royall
affiance
,
and
without
any
sence
or
religion
had
of
his
oath
,
(
as
impiously
prophaned
,
as
assumed
solemnely
)
transgresseth
to
the
death
.
In
these
considerations
it
is
most
behoofefull
to
conceale
matters
important
from
the
knowledge
of
women
;
being
of
themselues
by
nature
commonly
desirous
to
heare
,
to
know
,
and
to
talke
all
things
.
And
hence
was
it
,
that
Salust
inueighing
against
Cicero
,
did
obiect
,
That
he
did
Cum
Terentia
vxore
consulere
de
Republica
:
That
hee
did
consult
with
his
wife
Terentia
concerning
State-matters
.
Certainely
,
such
Counsellors
(
if
a
man
may
so
tearme
them
,
because
they
cannot
keepe
counsell
,
but
lay
that
open
to
the
great
harme
which
is
deliuered
vnto
them
in
trustiest
secret
for
the
generall
good
)
are
for
the
most
part
basely
disposed
,
vicious
,
loaden
with
heinous
crimes
and
nefarious
practises
,
vaine
,
audacious
;
which
glorie
(
to
their
owne
shame
)
hauing
no
power
nor
moderation
in
hand
,
tongue
,
or
heart
:
such
as
Quintus
Curius
,
who
communicating
with
a
noble
Romane
strumpet
called
Fuluia
;
the
treasons
of
Lucius
Catiline
(
wherein
he
was
a
vigilant
partisan
and
principall
Sergeant
himselfe
)
euen
in
the
very
forge
of
their
treasonable
practises
,
subuerted
himselfe
,
with
all
his
complots
and
complices
.
But
it
is
euident
by
the
example
of
young
Papirius
,
(
when
vpon
the
importunacie
which
his
mother
vsed
,
to
learne
out
of
him
the
Senates
seerets
)
that
he
deuised
a
ridiculous
bait
,
which
tempted
her
with
other
Ladies
verbally
to
prostitute
their
shame
in
the
Senate
;
wherein
they
made
manifest
their
owne
intemperance
:
but
concerning
this
,
being
so
common
and
notable
,
I
referre
them
that
list
,
to
the
Historie
.
Of
the
like
nature
was
Sempronia
,
of
whom
Salust
sayth
,
That
it
could
not
be
discerned
,
whether
she
were
more
prodigall
of
her
owne
good
fame
,
or
of
her
money
:
Sic
enim
libidine
accensa
fuit
vt
saepiùs
viros
peteret
,
quam
peteretur
:
quae
sibi
fidem
prodiderat
,
&
creditam
abiurauerat
:
For
so
vehement
was
the
fire
of
her
lust
,
that
Caterina
di
Medici
,
daughter
to
the
Duke
of
Florence
:
and
it
cannot
but
be
fresh
in
their
remembrance
through
Christendome
by
them
of
this
late
age
;
because
no
Commonwealth
,
but
hath
in
some
one
or
other
thing
suffered
extremities
,
when
this
Cath.
(
as
a
President
to
both
the
Counsels
of
Fraunce
)
steered
the
helme
of
that
Commonwealth
,
which
shee
misguided
after
her
owne
lust
and
pleasure
.
Vpon
diuers
considerations
by
that
law
Salique
(
which
king
Pharamonde
made
in
his
owne
patrimonie
neere
Xantoigne
,
called
Salique
,
whereupon
Diodorus
Siculus
,
how
the
Egyptians
did
ordaine
,
That
hee
which
opened
the
secrets
of
It
is
required
in
persons
of
so
worthy
place
and
nobilitie
,
that
to
this
faithfulnesse
they
superadde
fortitude
and
honest
constancie
towards
the
defence
and
maintenance
of
iustice
and
truth
both
in
giuing
,
receiuing
,
and
in
concealing
of
Counsell
,
as
is
warned
by
the
example
of
Sardanapalus
,
the
thirtieth
and
last
Monarch
of
the
Assyrians
;
who
through
his
sensualitie
,
pusillanimitie
,
lacke
of
grace
,
and
of
true
fortitude
,
was
within
his
huge
citie
Niniuie
besieged
by
Arbaces
,
captaine
of
the
Medians
:
through
whose
power
,
and
in
feare
of
the
Oracle
,
which
was
fulfilled
in
suddaine
falling
downe
of
a
large
There
is
one
most
excellent
note
of
true
fortitude
,
remaining
vnto
such
honourable
Counsellors
,
by
the
example
of
Scauola
,
viuely
manifesting
a
valiant
heart
,
fortified
with
a
iust
and
vnstained
conscience
:
hee
,
when
Sylla
with
multitudes
of
men
in
armes
had
entred
the
Senate
,
implacably
thirsting
after
the
destruction
of
Marius
,
whom
hee
would
haue
had
by
the
Senatours
then
present
,
denounced
a
common
enemie
to
the
state
:
onely
Scaeuola
refused
to
giue
voice
against
him
,
euen
when
Sylla
with
most
truculencie
threatened
him
to
the
contrarie
,
saying
:
Albeit
thou
darest
mee
with
these
heapes
of
souldiors
,
with
which
thou
distressest
this
honourable
presence
,
although
thou
breath
forth
death
against
me
,
yet
will
not
I
condiscend
(
in
loue
of
my
blood
,
which
is
both
aged
and
little
)
to
denounce
Marius
our
enemy
,
through
whose
valour
and
honestie
my
conscience
attesteth
,
how
the
citie
Rome
,
and
all
Italie
,
was
preserued
.
In
such
cases
therefore
,
Counsellors
truly
valiant
feare
onely
the
wrath
of
God
threatening
iniquitie
,
least
as
S.
Augustine
writeth
,
Through
feare
or
affection
in
concealing
the
veritie
,
they
seeme
more
to
respect
the
creature
than
the
creator
.
Vnto
this
faith
and
fortitude
there
are
opposites
,
to
which
diuers
in
their
deliberations
and
resolutions
are
vehemently
subiect
,
viz.
feare
,
being
a
certaine
pensiue
heauinesse
for
some
mischiefe
future
or
remote
;
and
affection
,
which
is
a
partiall
respect
of
certaine
persons
beyond
the
lists
of
reason
.
Such
people
therefore
are
not
deemed
wise
and
prudent
,
which
feare
more
than
is
fit
,
considering
that
indissoluble
accord
which
is
betwixt
Prudence
and
Fortitude
,
according
to
that
wise
Prouerbe
of
king
Salomon
,
A
wise
man
is
valiant
,
and
a
learned
man
strong
.
Notwithstanding
the
weake
opinions
of
diuers
which
(
being
a
fearefull
and
horrible
deiection
or
consternation
of
a
mind
base
and
abiect
)
conuerted
into
rash
courses
;
euen
as
rash
men
are
by
their
temeritie
.
Furthermore
,
it
is
common
in
the
nature
of
things
chiefely
to
feare
dangers
most
imminent
,
being
more
appalled
at
present
perils
than
is
requisite
;
but
valuing
mischiefes
future
and
remote
more
carelesly
than
they
should
:
because
hopes
by
times
or
chaunces
may
promise
some
redresse
for
them
.
But
this
is
both
sure
and
notable
:
Vbi
bonum
publicum
Bomilchar
:
Qu●…
cupidus
He
that
feareth
malice
,
cannot
any
skill
of
gouernment
.
A
notable
example
remaineth
of
Priseus
Heluydius
:
Qui
sola
bona
quae
honesta
,
mala
quae
turpia
,
Potentiam
,
Nobilitatem
,
I
am
a
mortall
man
,
Emperour
doe
thy
will
:
I
shall
performe
my
dutie
,
doubt
it
not
:
It
is
in
thy
power
to
take
away
my
life
,
and
my
part
to
die
without
feare
.
A
Counsellor
of
such
valour
,
faith
,
and
constancie
may
worthily
sit
in
iudgement
with
highest
Emperours
:
and
desperate
is
that
prince
his
hope
which
contemneth
sharpe
counsell
,
being
most
healthfull
and
profitable
in
effect
,
though
it
import
some
present
trouble
:
for
they
that
feare
to
deale
plainely
with
their
princes
,
preferre
their
owne
shame
and
sluggishnesse
before
honour
,
if
griefe
and
vexation
of
mind
accompanie
the
same
:
and
marke
it
,
that
the
liues
of
such
,
commonly
conclude
in
perdition
and
obloquie
.
Now
to
remedie
Counsellors
which
are
timorous
and
doubtfull
in
their
determinations
and
resolutions
:
first
,
let
it
be
considered
,
that
all
humane
actions
are
subiect
to
many
perils
,
but
wise
men
ought
to
know
,
that
all
mischiefes
which
may
come
,
doe
not
happen
generally
:
whereas
very
many
vanish
by
the
benefit
of
fortune
,
and
multitudes
also
by
prouidence
&
industrie
:
for
by
considering
,
foreseeing
,
and
weighing
many
matters
,
men
become
very
warie
.
The
generall
good
qualities
,
which
like
so
many
precious
stones
,
as
vpon
●…he
breast-plate
of
Aaron
,
magnifie
the
thoughts
and
hearts
of
a
noble
Counsellor
,
are
in
briefe
;
to
be
couetous
of
commendation
,
and
liberall
of
coyne
:
Animum
habere
paratum
ad
maximum
&
pulcherrimum
facinus
aggrediendum
;
non
super
fortunam
animum
gerere
;
neque
per
ambitionem
simulare
probitatem
,
quia
difficile
est
illis
in
potestatibus
temperare
:
To
beare
a
mind
prepared
to
enterprise
any
great
and
laudable
attempt
;
to
fashion
and
attempe●…
his
mind
with
his
fortunes
equally
;
neither
a●…biciously
to
counterfeit
himselfe
honest
:
because
it
is
most
difficult
,
that
such
persons
should
beare
any
good
temper
in
their
authoritie
.
These
be
the
men
which
worthily
spend
the
vertues
and
good
faculties
of
their
life
in
rule
and
magistracie
,
which
liue
in
the
sight
of
many
.
These
are
they
whose
actions
are
recorded
in
mens
hearts
,
and
though
Hystories
should
faile
,
would
remaine
by
tradition
in
the
memorials
of
posteritie
.
If
therefore
they
be
noble
by
birth
,
let
them
beare
their
estates
without
pride
:
if
they
sit
vpon
the
seate
of
magistracie
,
let
them
maintaine
their
reputation
without
insolence
,
contempt
,
or
enuie
of
persons
inferiours
,
equals
,
or
superiours
.
If
they
be
verely
religious
,
and
spiritually
lightened
with
the
knowledge
,
feare
and
worship
of
God
,
let
them
set
their
hearts
free
from
superstition
:
if
their
learning
purchase
for
them
reuerence
,
let
them
humble
themselues
the
more
,
abhorring
arrogancie
:
if
they
present
the
person
of
grauitie
,
let
them
performe
the
same
with
all
decencie
,
void
of
hypocrisie
.
In
their
studies
and
contemplations
let
them
declare
festiuitie
:
let
them
be
constant
in
good
resolutions
without
repining
and
bitternesse
:
let
them
likewise
shew
good
affabilitie
to
the
people
,
without
any
smoke
of
popularitie
:
for
when
they
shall
consider
,
how
the
greatest
fortunes
haue
least
libertie
,
they
will
auoid
all
apparance
of
euill
,
concealing
it
from
the
vulgar
.
I
meane
in
speciall
those
vices
of
pride
and
perturbation
;
as
malice
,
hatred
,
and
apparant
anger
;
which
are
in
meane
men
though
a
little
noted
,
yet
not
long
remembred
,
but
in
persons
of
their
ranke
and
authoritie
misconstrued
,
and
perillously
pointed
at
;
yea
,
and
engrauen
with
a
penne
of
steele
by
the
names
of
Pride
and
Crueltie
.
There
are
besides
all
these
,
diuerse
other
notable
qualities
,
many
of
which
are
included
in
this
breuiat
,
and
required
to
the
complete
force
of
a
Counsellor
.
First
,
and
aboue
all
other
ornaments
,
his
wastcoat
and
secret
armour
priuate
to
the
soule
,
from
whence
all
his
vertues
flourish
,
and
his
robe
of
sincere
honour
in
highest
counsels
and
iudgements
,
must
bee
made
of
zealous
holinesse
,
which
is
the
most
venerable
defence
of
such
a
reuerend
Counsellour
.
He
must
therefore
bee
studious
of
Theologie
:
for
where
impietie
banisheth
all
feare
,
and
feeling
of
sinne
;
and
for
as
much
as
all
Counsels
of
the
wicked
are
fraudulent
,
it
must
necessarily
follow
,
that
through
them
the
contempt
of
true
religion
(
being
the
soule
of
euery
well
instituted
State
)
forceably
dependeth
,
dragging
violently
with
it
the
Commonwealths
subuersion
.
This
diuine
knowledge
illuminateth
his
reason
and
vnderstanding
,
adding
quicknesse
and
courage
to
discerne
and
punish
persons
that
freese
,
draw
backe
,
or
stagger
in
cases
of
religion
;
either
by
their
contempt
of
the
deitie
,
or
in
ignorance
of
Gods
true
worship
.
This
ensigneth
the
readiest
and
best
course
,
which
he
should
obserue
in
extirpation
of
contagious
schismes
and
pestilent
sects
:
and
how
to
continue
with
stedfast
and
often
prayer
in
faith
towards
God
for
the
true
sapience
of
his
holy
spirit
;
which
is
reuealed
in
a
The
next
care
immediate
after
the
knowledge
of
God
,
consisteth
in
his
skill
of
gouernment
and
studie
to
maintaine
the
Commonweale
:
which
weale
doth
not
onely
comprehend
the
generall
good
,
but
the
benefit
and
safegard
of
all
priuate
persons
therein
.
These
so
combine
and
loue
like
turtles
,
that
one
cannot
liue
without
fellowship
of
another
.
In
which
his
studious
and
inseparable
loue
of
the
Commonwealth
he
must
sequester
so
farre
his
owne
priuate
profit
and
authoritie
,
that
he
be
found
at
all
times
readie
to
bestow
his
honour
,
substance
,
and
life
in
maintenance
thereof
:
so
should
hee
therefore
respect
the
state
and
affaires
of
his
countrey
,
by
the
prince
referred
to
him
,
as
Cicero
sayth
,
Vt
vtilitas
sua
communis
vtilitas
sit
:
vicissim
&
●…què
communis
vtilitas
sua
sit
:
That
his
priuate
weale
may
proue
the
common
weale
,
and
that
correspondently
the
Commonweale
may
become
his
proper
weale
.
Which
is
a
principle
deriued
from
the
needfull
precepts
of
nature
.
This
is
a
vertue
by
Plato
most
commended
in
a
Counsellor
:
for
to
this
day
no
state
hath
either
beene
amplified
or
conserued
,
but
by
men
of
that
qualitie
,
euen
as
it
was
said
by
Salust
to
Caesar
:
Firmanda
Respublica
non
armis
modò
sed
(
quod
multò
magis
,
Qu.
Fabius
the
Romane
Generall
held
a
contrarie
course
and
opinion
in
his
seruice
,
enduring
the
scoffes
and
contemptuous
brags
of
his
foes
,
which
scornefully
called
him
a
delayor
,
till
such
time
as
(
when
good
occasion
and
aduantage
was
offered
)
he
so
confounded
Anniball
,
then
triumphing
in
his
many
victories
,
that
he
wrought
out
his
countries
libertie
,
with
oppression
of
the
Carthaginians
by
those
meanes
.
Calicratides
(
hauing
lost
the
day
)
lost
likewise
his
countrey
,
life
,
and
honour
,
beeing
for
the
reward
of
his
follie
named
in
their
Annales
Calicratides
Temerarius
.
Fabius
who
by
cunctation
had
giuen
life
and
honour
to
his
countrey
,
was
for
his
actions
of
valour
,
and
in
perpetuall
glorie
thereof
cannonized
in
their
immortall
Hystories
by
the
title
of
Maximus
.
And
hereupon
this
as
a
certaine
note
and
rule
may
be
grounded
,
that
all
hypocrites
,
coue●…ous
,
and
vaine
glorious
persons
(
such
as
doe
with
Calicratides
more
prize
their
priuat
glory
than
the
publicke
weale
)
are
enemies
to
the
generall
state
;
and
such
vndoubtedly
(
like
flatterers
)
if
time
should
so
serue
,
would
not
sticke
(
to
the
end
they
might
endanger
the
Prince
thereby
)
to
say
,
That
all
the
peoples
wealth
is
his
.
By
which
example
we
viuely
find
represented
vnto
vs
the
warie
circumspection
of
a
good
Commonwealths
man
in
the
person
of
Fabius
,
studying
the
preseruation
and
honour
of
himselfe
and
of
his
countrey
,
together
with
the
rash
and
foolish
negligence
of
a
vaine-glorious
hypocrite
,
like
Calicratides
;
which
so
sleightly
valued
the
conseruation
and
weale
of
his
owne
Nation
.
In
this
loue
and
care
of
the
Commonwealth
is
required
a
due
consideration
,
how
the
whole
politicke
societie
consisteth
of
soule
and
bodie
;
the
soule
(
as
is
aforesaid
)
for
religion
,
in
aduancing
and
maintaining
the
true
worship
of
God
;
the
bodie
taken
for
the
dwelling
or
place
of
habitation
.
There
is
likewise
besides
that
soule
and
bodie
the
spirit
of
liuing
,
which
is
the
mouing
and
stirring
of
the
bodie
:
this
may
bee
properly
called
or
compared
rather
to
the
forme
of
euery
Commonwealth
,
as
in
knowing
whether
it
be
a
Monarchie
,
as
great
Brittaine
,
Fraunce
,
Ireland
,
Spaine
,
Castile
,
and
Portugall
:
or
as
the
Empires
of
the
Turkes
and
Moscouites
,
but
more
remote
:
or
if
an
Aristocracie
,
like
Venice
;
wherein
are
foure
Counsels
,
besides
the
Senate
and
gentlemen
of
that
state
.
The
first
called
Consilio
de
Saui
,
which
prudently
deliberate
and
deale
in
all
the
land
causes
:
the
second
in
like
sort
called
Consilio
de
Saui
,
appertaining
the
Admiraltie
:
Consilio
de
deci
,
&
Consilio
de
setti
.
Vpon
which
last
seuen
,
the
whole
burthen
of
that
Commonwealth
and
of
the
Seignories
thereof
is
amply
reposed
.
Like
vnto
which
,
sometimes
we
reade
how
the
state
of
Sparta
was
:
or
if
a
Democracie
,
like
the
present
state
of
Swizzerland
:
or
if
the
gouernment
thereof
be
referred
to
the
King
,
and
to
his
Nobles
,
as
now
in
Denmarke
,
and
in
other
ages
at
Rome
,
when
the
kings
raigned
,
vntill
the
Tarquines
:
or
to
the
King
and
to
his
Commons
,
as
in
Persia
:
or
to
the
Nobles
and
people
together
,
as
at
Rome
after
their
Kings
were
cried
downe
;
at
Athens
once
,
and
at
this
day
in
Florence
,
Siene
,
with
other
free
states
of
Italie
:
or
to
the
King
,
with
his
nobles
and
people
respectiuely
;
as
is
common
in
Germany
,
Poleland
,
Arragon
.
When
he
hath
entred
into
such
knowledge
,
then
is
it
fit
that
he
consider
by
the
diseases
,
and
by
the
causes
procuring
them
,
which
forme
is
good
,
and
which
bad
:
for
if
this
life
(
which
I
tearme
to
bee
the
forme
of
gouernment
)
bee
sicke
,
or
diseased
,
it
is
required
,
that
the
In
this
my
Counsellor
,
I
would
require
much
readinesse
,
and
quicknesse
of
wit
:
for
moderate
sharpenesse
and
dexteritie
compose
the
heads
,
bodies
,
and
feet
of
all
good
actions
.
That
light
therefore
,
which
beautifieth
euerie
noble
and
excellent
wit
,
must
be
diuine
,
singular
,
and
vnusuall
.
Howbeit
,
a
politicall
wit
,
(
if
I
may
so
tearme
it
)
Quasinatum
ad
congregationem
&
societatem
:
As
instituted
to
congregate
,
and
advn●…
people
:
as
Freigius
defineth
the
same
,
most
excellently
magnifieth
a
Counsellor
:
for
thereby
doth
hee
referre
all
things
vnto
the
common
societie
,
to
the
coniunction
,
vnion
,
or
collection
of
people
,
and
companies
;
reforming
and
wisely
preuenting
all
ciuile
and
dangerous
distractions
and
diuisions
amongst
the
multitude
.
This
is
that
wit
which
euery
gentleman
(
that
purposeth
to
trauaile
into
forraine
countries
)
ought
to
be
possessed
of
,
and
without
it
,
Caelum
non
animum
mutat
:
He
changeth
his
nation
,
and
not
his
condition
:
Because
it
teacheth
him
the
formes
,
constitutions
,
augmentations
,
diminutions
,
mutations
,
lawes
,
religions
,
rites
,
and
iudgements
of
those
nations
,
where
he
soiourneth
.
It
is
the
true
guide
and
sweet
companion
of
iourneyes
and
peregrination
,
according
to
the
saying
of
Socrates
in
Xenophon
:
Generosumest
&
omnifauore
dignum
ingenium
,
cui
sunt
cordi
disciplinae
politicae
:
That
wit
is
generous
,
and
deserueth
all
fauour
,
which
taketh
delight
in
politicall
discipline
.
The
apparant
tokens
&
properties
of
such
a
wit
are
,
when
in
answering
they
seeme
prompt
,
sound
,
&
short
;
in
apprehension
,
quicke
,
iudicious
,
&
attentiue
;
in
teaching
,
methodicall
,
and
luculent
;
in
ieasting
,
pleasant
and
circumspect
;
in
serious
matters
,
diligent
&
warie
:
likewise
in
the
whole
course
of
his
owne
nature
so
carefull
,
as
he
may
make
effectuall
tokens
appeare
of
his
great
loue
&
respect
of
vertue
.
Moreouer
,
a
noble
wit
neuer
walketh
in
wayes
vulgarly
frequented
,
neuer
speaketh
after
the
vulgar
fashion
,
neuer
is
mercinarie
,
neuer
abruptly
breaketh
off
a
period
;
but
doth
all
things
with
exceeding
decencie
.
No
man
which
is
verely
worthied
in
regard
of
his
wit
,
that
taketh
any
delight
in
base
and
common
matters
,
sayth
Seneca
:
Et
magna
quae
sunt
ingenia
aegrè
serunt
iniuriam
:
Mightie
Quippè
secundaeres
sapientum
animos
fatigunt
.
Such
a
wit
should
seeme
was
in
Scipio
Africanus
,
whose
businesse
seemed
most
great
,
when
his
action
was
least
:
Nec
Graue
pondus
illum
magna
nobilitas
Marcus
Cato
may
be
commended
vndoubtedly
,
whom
Liuie
describeth
●…it
for
any
businesse
which
hee
would
vndertake
in
these
words
:
His
knowledge
was
absolute
both
in
vrbanitie
and
husbandrie
.
Some
haue
attained
place
on
the
seate
of
honour
by
their
learning
in
the
lawes
,
others
by
the
gift
of
eloquence
:
some
by
the
glorie
rebounding
from
their
many
victories
,
and
martiall
trophies
.
But
his
wit
was
so
pliant
vnto
all
properties
at
his
pleasure
,
that
men
would
say
,
Nature
without
industrie
did
institute
him
;
hee
did
all
things
with
that
facilitie
:
in
warre
most
valiant
,
in
many
battels
victorious
,
and
then
by
degrees
aduaunced
,
was
a
most
renowned
Emperour
.
In
time
of
peace
(
if
it
stood
vpon
cases
of
right
and
equitie
)
his
knowledge
exceeded
:
in
declaming
or
pleading
of
a
cause
,
passing
eloquent
.
Which
patterne
of
noble
Cato
,
representeth
vnto
vs
(
as
in
a
true
Myrrour
)
the
very
life
of
a
diuine
wit
.
From
this
sweet
fountaine
honourably
floweth
the
purple
streame
of
eloquence
;
which
is
none
of
a
Counsellors
meane
graces
:
for
in
this
Office
hee
shall
happily
be
commended
by
the
prince
into
forraine
countries
,
either
to
counsell
,
dissuade
,
accuse
,
defend
,
commend
,
disgrace
,
congratulate
,
condole
,
or
to
such
purpose
.
It
behooueth
him
therefore
to
be
richly
furnished
with
that
qualitie
,
which
is
the
Loade-stone
of
all
stubborne
and
steeled
affections
;
not
onely
to
reuiue
or
refresh
dead
or
dull
spirits
,
(
which
are
with
intollerable
perturbations
and
continuall
torture
of
passions
vehemently
distracted
,
and
left
almost
sencelesse
)
but
if
it
were
possible
,
with
a
liuely
spirit
and
diuine
alacritie
to
lend
essence
from
his
owne
soule
in
speaking
;
which
might
miraculously
lift
the
dead
to
life
,
with
such
admirable
and
astounding
force
of
persuasion
,
as
might
both
examinate
and
reclaime
from
traunces
those
sore
bruised
affections
,
which
hee
with
the
thunder
of
his
eloquence
hath
deiected
.
In
all
sedicions
and
tumults
amongst
mutinous
souldiors
,
in
all
commotions
and
turbulent
factions
amongst
ciuile
societies
(
when
they
gather
head
,
to
the
fearefull
disturbance
and
wounding
of
the
Commonwealth
,
for
quenching
of
their
inordinate
thirst
after
blood
,
and
vnsatiable
reuenge
)
nothing
is
so
gracious
as
the
balmie
tongue
of
an
eloquent
and
stirring
Oratour
:
who
like
an
Euangelist
,
with
a
golden
pace
,
and
tongue
ouer-flowing
with
persuasion
,
holdeth
in
his
hand
the
Oliue
of
peace
,
coniuring
their
troubled
and
tumultuous
spirits
with
force
of
that
most
sacred
and
omnipotent
spirit
of
tranquilitie
,
directing
his
soule
,
and
holding
the
reynes
of
his
calme
affections
with
the
bridle
of
his
tongue
;
which
like
the
snakie
scepter
of
Hermes
,
hath
power
to
calme
the
seas
,
quiet
the
winds
,
and
pacifie
the
rebellious
earth
,
when
it
is
most
out
of
order
.
So
that
in
the
Ciceronian
inuectiue
against
Salust
(
magnifying
this
golden
gift
of
eloquence
,
which
was
imputed
to
Tully
secundo
,
&c.
The
copious
wherein
Cicero
,
the
briefe
in
which
Salust
,
the
drie
,
through
which
Fronto
,
the
full
and
fruitfull
for
which
Plinius
the
second
were
famoused
.
Any
of
which
beeing
ingenuously
practised
,
without
affectation
or
sophistrie
,
carrie
with
them
great
force
of
reconciliation
.
Much
eloquence
is
found
in
those
letters
which
king
Philip
of
Macedon
did
write
to
his
sonne
Alexander
,
and
in
those
Epistles
which
Antipater
and
Antigonus
did
write
vnto
Captaines
,
persuading
them
by
benigne
and
fauorable
tearmes
to
mooue
the
peoples
hearts
,
and
to
cherish
or
toll
on
the
souldiors
to
seruice
with
the
Metaphysicall
oyle
and
balme
of
their
eloquence
and
persuasion
,
but
to
deliuer
those
attributes
of
Oratorie
(
with
a
kind
of
feruencie
,
zeale
,
and
affection
in
all
causes
of
weight
and
passion
)
is
of
great
auaile
and
force
,
which
Cicreo
specially
noteth
:
Oratio
quae
in
multitudinem
cum
contentione
habetur
soepe
vniuersam
excitat
gloriam
:
Those
Orations
or
speeches
,
which
in
Tanquam
luculentum
suem
cum
quouis
volutari
:
non
enim
procacitate
linguae
vitae
sordes
eluuntur
:
Like
a
durtie
sow
which
walloweth
in
any
puddle
:
for
the
dishonest
touches
of
a
mans
conuersation
are
not
washed
out
with
sawcie
taunts
or
speeches
.
Such
like
was
that
luxurious
kind
of
procacitie
,
for
which
Salust
and
Cicero
were
both
grieuously
taxed
in
their
verball
eskairmouches
,
together
misbeleeuing
the
prudent
tongues
of
grauitie
.
And
therefore
Tacitus
specially
well
describeth
that
excesse
of
eloquence
thus
:
Eloquentia
luxuriosa
,
alumna
licentiae
,
The
well
speaking
of
many
languages
may
bee
mustered
amongst
the
rest
for
one
speciall
and
most
needfull
qualitie
:
in
speciall
,
the
tongues
of
those
kingdomes
and
prouinces
which
are
either
subiects
contributaries
or
confederates
to
the
prince
,
and
also
the
languages
of
his
enemies
:
as
appeareth
in
the
learnedest
of
our
princes
his
Counsell
at
this
day
.
For
amongst
them
the
Greeke
,
Latine
,
Italian
,
Spanish
,
French
,
Danish
,
Polish
,
and
Dutch
tongues
are
well
spoken
and
vnderstood
.
This
is
a
comfortable
benefit
,
when
forraine
people
either
with
vs
at
home
or
abroad
,
are
heartely
glad
to
vnderstand
,
and
to
be
vnderstood
by
those
with
whom
they
haue
businesse
,
opening
their
own
meanings
better
and
more
perspicuously
by
their
owne
mouth
,
than
with
helpe
of
an
interpretor
.
Mutuall
counsels
likewise
may
by
this
knowledge
be
more
safely
debated
,
than
by
meanes
of
a
third
person
interpreting
:
what
more
beneficiall
commendation
,
than
to
heare
,
vnderstand
,
and
deliberate
vpon
peaceable
and
hostile
legations
.
If
they
bee
friends
,
it
better
confirmeth
their
amitie
,
when
Counsellors
consult
or
debate
with
them
in
their
owne
language
;
persuading
themselues
commonly
,
that
it
proceedeth
from
loue
and
good
obseruation
.
Admit
they
be
sometimes
deceiued
in
that
opinion
;
yet
such
a
kind
of
frustration
is
auaileable
.
And
suppose
them
enemies
which
so
conferre
with
you
,
by
that
occasion
their
beneuolence
is
so
much
the
sooner
attained
.
It
must
be
noted
also
,
that
few
men
interprete
perfectly
,
many
more
satisfying
their
owne
humors
,
than
the
precise
meaning
of
the
parties
,
adding
or
substracting
somewhat
alwayes
.
What
if
vnder
pretext
of
interpretation
a
referendarie
be
foisted
in
,
vpon
whose
secrecie
the
whole
weale
and
honour
of
a
king
with
all
his
Soueraignetie
dependeth
?
Admit
the
matters
so
require
,
that
no
delayes
without
danger
will
serue
to
dispatch
present
answer
to
the
Prince
:
is
it
not
then
a
double
shame
and
offence
,
to
make
enquirie
for
such
an
interpretor
as
will
deale
faithfully
?
What
if
no
fit
man
can
bee
found
out
of
hand
?
Or
if
hee
bee
found
,
admit
the
one
partie
credite
not
his
interpretation
?
All
these
are
most
dangerous
difficulties
,
and
therefore
the
knowledge
of
tongues
is
of
speciall
force
in
a
secret
Counsellour
;
and
also
that
he
know
the
fashions
and
conditions
of
those
people
,
whose
language
he
speaketh
:
but
for
the
prince
chiefely
necessarie
,
that
his
Counsellors
can
speake
,
write
,
and
interprete
in
those
tongues
before
him
,
rather
than
repose
affiance
in
strangers
:
Which
trust
is
commonly
fallacious
,
and
then
vndoubtedly
pernicious
.
The
cause
why
,
the
Latine
and
Greeke
languages
are
so
commonly
studied
and
embraced
in
most
parts
of
the
world
,
is
in
regard
of
their
many
most
learned
bookes
and
monuments
of
former
time
.
The
reason
of
their
so
many
volumes
and
written
workes
,
is
deriued
from
their
auncient
and
ample
Monarchies
,
endowed
formerly
with
so
many
precious
spirits
;
which
both
for
ciuile
and
militarie
knowledge
so
much
surpassed
and
exceeded
.
Their
leagues
,
tributes
,
lawes
,
ciuile
customes
;
their
many
battailes
,
victories
,
and
triumphs
:
as
those
of
Alexander
,
Caesar
,
and
of
others
infinite
,
beeing
speciall
attributes
of
their
gouernment
,
gaue
infinite
matter
to
noble
wits
in
those
Empires
continually
to
write
such
excellent
dignities
and
exploits
,
as
their
natiue
countrey
men
had
borne
away
,
with
much
honour
and
renowne
,
both
in
peace
and
warre
.
The
Princes
,
Consuls
,
Dictators
,
and
Emperors
yeelding
royall
encouragement
and
most
munificent
salaries
to
those
Writers
,
(
for
their
owne
glories
sake
,
which
by
such
their
art
and
industrie
were
ennobled
)
did
make
infinite
the
numbers
of
bookes
,
and
Authors
in
all
liberall
faculties
.
The
multitudes
of
those
bookes
(
through
the
greatnesse
of
these
Monarchies
)
were
farre
and
neere
dispersed
.
The
learning
of
those
volumes
(
after
the
dissolution
of
these
Empires
)
hath
beene
euermore
and
againe
thirsted
and
hunted
after
by
the
best
and
all
well
disposed
Commonweales
and
Princes
,
which
since
that
time
were
alwayes
enlightened
by
them
,
yeelding
a
continuall
patterne
of
perfect
humane
knowledge
to
posteritie
.
And
in
these
later
ages
(
since
the
time
of
our
Sauiour
Christ
,
of
his
Apostles
,
of
their
Disciples
,
and
of
those
fathers
,
which
succeeded
them
in
the
Primitiue
Church
,
being
through
Greece
and
old
Italie
then
dispersed
)
the
very
light
of
sweete
Gospell
hath
beene
by
these
means
reserued
vnto
vs
in
those
two
languages
:
and
therefore
haue
these
tongues
,
(
so
needfull
for
the
interpretation
of
the
Scriptures
,
the
enucliation
of
verities
,
and
confutation
of
heresies
)
still
kept
afoot
the
studies
of
them
through
the
grace
of
God
amongst
vs
to
this
day
.
The
Hebrew
tongue
not
so
much
in
generall
desire
of
schollers
,
seruing
specially
for
the
legall
Scriptures
and
Prophets
,
I
will
pretermit
,
as
also
the
Chaldaean
,
Syrian
,
and
Arabicke
,
peculiar
to
deepe
Diuines
and
Doctors
of
the
Church
,
Thalmudistes
,
Alcumistes
,
and
Caballistes
,
surreaching
the
common
apprehension
and
vse
of
Counsellors
and
States-men
.
Heereupon
a
question
may
bee
proiected
vnto
mee
,
Why
then
these
Greeke
and
Latine
languages
might
not
serue
(
instar
omnium
)
to
fulfill
all
meanings
&
purposes
by
good
and
faithfull
vnderstanding
amongst
princes
and
nations
in
their
treaties
,
consultations
,
leagues
,
pactions
,
sessions
,
conuentions
,
accords
,
assemblies
,
or
other
priuate
parlyes
of
like
nature
,
being
tongues
so
generally
well
knowne
and
studied
in
so
many
Realmes
?
My
solution
is
replicatiuely
,
that
they
cannot
passe
currant
amongst
all
forraine
princes
and
much
remote
Monarchies
:
for
if
that
amplitude
of
the
former
Grecian
and
Romane
dominions
,
occasioned
a
kind
of
vniforme
,
vse
,
or
peculiaritie
of
those
tongues
,
as
being
the
true
mother
languages
in
all
the
Realmes
,
Prouinces
,
and
Seignories
subiected
to
them
:
it
doth
then
illatiuely
follow
by
the
like
necessitie
,
that
if
our
Christian
Princes
neere
vs
should
send
in
very
weightie
causes
men
of
perfection
in
those
two
languages
,
to
the
great
Turke
or
Persian
,
it
would
bee
very
difficult
and
troublesome
:
for
so
much
as
their
Monarchies
extend
much
further
than
all
Christendome
doth
beside
.
Wherefore
I
iudge
(
by
the
same
reason
)
that
the
language
amongst
them
is
for
the
most
part
either
Persian
or
Turkish
,
and
not
knowne
to
any
Christians
,
except
to
some
few
Christian
merchants
or
slaues
,
which
haue
commerced
with
them
.
For
since
the
beginning
of
those
Mahemetane
Monarchies
of
Turkes
and
Persians
,
our
Christians
haue
alwayes
held
that
people
execrable
and
perfidious
:
so
that
their
vulgar
speech
(
by
those
Christians
which
inhabit
the
very
skirts
of
Turkey
vnder
Rodolph
the
Emperour
)
is
little
or
not
at
all
practised
in
these
dayes
.
Besides
,
what
a
shame
it
were
concerning
certaine
honourable
affaires
and
policies
of
the
State
in
any
Realmes
and
Common-weales
to
chuse
some
merchant
or
negotiator
,
which
should
discharge
the
Office
of
a
most
noble
embassadour
,
and
to
deale
in
causes
of
highest
consequence
onely
,
because
he
can
speake
and
vnderstand
the
Persian
or
Turkish
tongues
.
Neither
will
that
excellent
Greeke
tongue
,
which
former
writers
haue
vsed
,
and
which
is
at
this
day
so
much
practised
amongst
the
Schollers
in
Christendome
,
serue
therefore
in
those
Pagan
parts
,
in
regard
,
that
all
or
the
greatest
part
of
Greece
is
now
subiect
to
the
Turke
,
and
in
such
respect
sooner
vnderstood
:
because
that
excellent
refined
Greeke
(
euen
as
in
old
Italie
the
Latine
)
is
wholly
corrupt
and
altered
,
through
the
long
and
ruinous
discontinuance
of
those
two
famous
Monarchies
.
I
conclude
therefore
,
that
it
is
not
onely
needfull
for
such
as
are
Counsellors
to
mightie
Kings
and
Princes
,
to
be
well
skilled
in
the
best
languages
of
Christendome
;
but
much
behoofefull
in
respect
of
the
Turkes
and
Persians
also
:
which
thing
though
it
may
seeme
amongst
our
countrey
nobles
rare
and
difficult
,
yet
is
tanto
preclarius
,
&
viro
verè
nobili
dignius
.
For
the
time
may
come
in
any
Christian
Empire
,
that
some
necessities
,
or
other
,
shall
require
and
importune
the
knowledge
of
those
tongues
.
One
speciall
point
remaineth
,
wherein
I
would
for
our
owne
nations
glorie
Multa
renascuntur
quae
iam
cecidere
;
Cadentque
Quae
nunc
sunt
in
honore
vocabula
.
Many
words
long
time
out
of
vse
renew
,
And
th'
after
age
our
best
words
will
eschew
.
For
words
(
he
sayth
)
like
leaues
yeerely
wither
and
renew
.
Towards
this
excellent
worke
,
we
find
for
our
more
helpe
,
that
the
Latine
verbes
sweetely
consound
with
our
English
tongue
:
the
French
aptly
doth
offer
it selfe
to
polish
this
workemanship
;
and
the
Italian
doth
in
many
things
yeeld
much
helpe
and
dignitie
to
the
same
.
The
Germane
,
from
whose
old
stocke
our
first
Monasyllabicall
roots
by
their
old
Colonies
were
inducted
,
is
of
it selfe
the
garden
plot
,
alreadie
well
tylled
and
copiously
manured
,
to
bring
forth
this
language
.
And
since
those
dayes
of
more
difficult
obscuritie
,
the
Latine
Bible
by
diuers
learned
Bishops
,
in
the
reignes
of
king
Henry
the
●…ght
,
and
of
his
sonne
king
Edward
,
was
translated
into
the
vulgar
:
also
certaine
Chronicles
,
Treatises
,
and
Translations
of
that
time
haue
added
much
light
to
the
former
darknesse
.
But
since
the
dayes
of
blessed
Queene
Elizabeth
(
whose
happie
reigne
is
as
the
dayes
of
heauen
)
what
seas
of
paper
haue
beene
alwayes
furthering
,
polishing
,
and
encreasing
this
honorable
enterprise
?
First
,
by
that
holy
Bibles
more
exquisite
and
polite
translation
than
before
:
after
by
the
bookes
of
Monuments
,
Chronicles
,
Treatises
,
and
Translations
,
Theologicall
and
humane
,
by
most
ingenuous
Poets
;
and
other
Poeticall
pamphlets
,
alwayes
with
studious
addition
,
and
curious
composition
of
words
,
phrases
,
and
sentences
:
howbeit
,
amongst
the
rest
,
as
a
very
memorable
register
of
English
eloquence
,
highly
deseruing
endlesse
remembrance
,
which
liueth
in
his
owne
liuing
workes
,
Sir
Philip
Sidney
,
that
diuine
starre
of
sweet
wit
and
inuention
,
hath
so
much
honoured
the
language
of
this
nation
,
in
that
his
small
hyue
of
all
excellent
humanitie
,
inueloping
vnder
the
true
Poeticall
vine
leaues
of
his
labours
such
excellent
sweet
clusters
of
Philosophicall
grapes
and
inuentions
,
both
morall
&
naturall
,
as
haue
mightily
benefited
towards
this
rich
vintage
of
our
English
knowledge
.
Since
therefore
these
great
hopes
and
helpes
are
left
vnto
vs
:
first
,
by
God
in
his
grace
plentifully
poured
into
the
wits
of
this
nation
:
secondly
,
vnder
his
great
power
by
the
kings
most
excellent
Maiestie
,
through
that
auspicious
amity
and
perfect
Monarchie
,
established
and
growing
more
&
more
mightie
betwixt
all
good
Christian
princes
and
vs
:
and
lastly
,
by
that
golden
gift
of
peace
,
deriued
from
Gods
sweet
mercy
seat
,
and
from
the
true
prudence
and
sapience
of
our
gracious
Soueraigne
,
and
of
his
reuerend
Counsell
,
which
may
giue
all
liuely
perfections
and
faculties
to
learning
;
why
doe
we
not
then
with
a
cheerefull
and
mutuall
alacritie
combine
in
our
wits
,
studies
,
&
knowledge
,
to
make
our
countrey
famous
with
our
owne
bookes
and
writings
.
Certainely
,
this
enterprize
,
as
it
is
vertuous
and
laudable
,
so
is
it
glorious
,
and
highly
profitable
.
Let
vs
therefore
with
cheerefull
consent
imitate
those
other
great
Empires
,
that
our
wits
,
learning
,
and
inuentions
,
by
diuine
benefite
equalling
the
best
of
theirs
,
our
bookes
and
languages
,
with
our
men
and
marchandizes
,
may
louingly
bee
receiued
and
embraced
amongst
them
also
.
Then
shall
this
our
puissant
little
Monarchie
,
like
a
sweete
fountaine
,
(
which
the
further
it
floweth
,
imboketh
into
the
more
spacious
and
deepe
channell
)
bee
more
and
more
magnified
,
Cum
ingeniorum
ist
torpor
&
ignauia
,
When
this
drowsie
slothfulnesse
of
our
wits
cannot
bee
found
amongst
vs
,
but
that
we
still
studie
to
become
famous
in
our
vulgar
,
as
those
ancient
Greeke
and
Romane
writers
declared
in
their
ancient
mother
tongues
.
Encourage
and
gird
your selues
therefore
with
a
pleasant
equanimitie
to
this
excellent
seruice
:
for
the
ground
being
enlarged
,
hath
left
ample
space
for
many
seeds
,
and
choice
of
hearbes
and
roots
than
was
before
:
it
shall
bee
strongly
fenced
with
peace
and
plentie
,
when
vertuous
spirits
shake
off
that
idlenesse
,
which
hindereth
so
glorious
a
worke
;
so
well
fenced
and
fortified
it
shall
bee
,
that
nothing
shall
come
in
hereafter
to
corrupt
or
deface
your
garden
,
so
Geometrically
set
and
deuised
.
For
sure
it
is
,
if
the
world
and
Gods
blessing
continue
but
one
age
of
a
man
from
this
instant
,
our
language
will
bee
so
much
required
by
these
childrens
children
in
Fraunce
,
Spaine
,
and
Italie
,
as
those
their
tongues
with
vs
at
this
day
.
Then
shall
bee
left
matter
sufficient
,
and
as
King
worthie
for
Commentaries
to
bee
written
by
our
learned
Caesar
in
his
warres
;
or
in
his
peaceable
affaires
,
so
much
diuine
,
morall
,
and
naturall
Philosophie
by
the
Salomon
of
our
nation
:
then
shall
wee
find
substance
for
the
penne
of
Liuie
,
and
pleadings
for
the
bookes
of
Cicero
:
Seneca
shall
haue
his
place
againe
,
but
in
a
glorious
Sunne-shine
,
and
fill
this
new
Monarchie
with
his
sage
considerations
.
I
write
this
therefore
,
oft
and
againe
iterating
it
,
that
many
Liuies
,
Senecaes
,
and
Ciceroes
shall
flourish
vnder
our
Caesar
,
if
wee
will
worke
out
the
fruit
of
our
vertues
by
such
vertuous
contemplations
and
exercises
,
as
may
much
dignifie
their
countries
.
It
is
most
certaine
,
that
ingenuous
natures
and
vertuous
spirits
(
whose
diuine
rationall
ought
to
be
fixed
vpon
perfect
glorie
)
are
in
a
continuall
combate
and
ciuile
commotion
within
themselues
,
if
they
doe
not
imploy
their
cogitations
and
studies
in
morall
contemplation
,
still
labouring
like
a
woman
with
child
to
bring
forth
some
excellent
faire
birth
like
themselues
.
But
this
luxurious
whirlepoole
of
idlenesse
and
sloth
(
into
which
such
excellent
wits
are
very
soone
and
violently
throwne
)
ouer-whelmeth
that
sweete
reason
,
oppressing
this
noble
birth
,
made
abortiue
in
the
very
chest
of
conception
:
Gloria
namque
industria
alitur
vbi
eam
dempseris
ipsa
per
se
virtus
,
amara
&
aspera
est
The
knowledge
of
Hystories
is
another
quality
most
concerning
a
Counsellour
:
as
with
notable
attention
and
dilligence
to
peruse
and
marke
the
Records
,
Annales
,
and
Chronicles
of
all
ages
,
people
,
and
princes
,
together
with
the
written
stories
of
friends
,
neighbours
,
and
enemies
.
Historie
is
a
viue
experience
of
matters
,
the
parent
of
Philosophie
,
a
collection
of
all
things
,
in
all
ages
authorized
by
good
triall
and
practise
of
many
men
.
This
is
it
which
Diodorus
in
the
Proheme
of
his
Hystories
doth
affirme
,
Will
teach
vs
,
what
ought
to
be
the
principall
scope
of
our
desires
and
detestations
.
This
which
summoneth
all
creatures
of
all
countries
and
fashions
as
to
a
generall
muster
:
imitating
his
diuine
prouidence
,
which
in
heauenly
iustice
and
bountie
bestoweth
vpon
euerie
man
according
to
demerit
:
all
vertuous
actions
are
eternized
by
the
penne
of
Hystorie
:
so
farre
doth
it
surpasse
the
sage
counsels
and
golden
sentences
of
our
forefathers
and
former
Philosophers
,
as
times
continuance
comprehendeth
more
examples
than
one
mans
age
.
This
is
it
which
maketh
young
mens
iudgements
of
parill
ripenesse
with
old
age
,
grounding
aged
persons
in
the
depth
of
wisedome
;
to
whome
long
experience
hath
alreadie
ministered
a
dayly
triall
of
causes
.
It
maketh
priuate
men
fit
for
Empire
,
and
Emperours
earnest
in
vertue
for
victories
;
heartening
souldiours
to
giue
a
courageous
charge
vpon
perils
,
for
honour
of
their
countries
,
terrifying
malefactors
,
propagating
Soueraignetie
by
good
example
,
deuising
lawes
,
inuenting
arts
,
preferring
vertuous
actions
,
enfranchised
from
mortalitie
;
declaring
it selfe
a
memorable
and
perfect
marble-register
of
misdeedes
,
and
generally
beneuolent
.
This
is
it
which
aged
time
onely
nourisheth
,
when
it
eateth
vp
all
things
:
besides
,
this
is
the
patterne
of
eloquence
,
the
true
mirrour
of
Philosophie
,
the
garden
of
knowledge
:
and
hence
is
it
,
that
Aristotle
in
his
Politickes
writeth
,
how
the
skill
of
actions
and
Histories
of
deedes
done
most
import
a
Counsellor
to
learne
,
because
things
future
are
like
their
parent
which
came
before
them
:
vpon
which
all
euents
of
actions
commonly
depend
.
Hee
therefore
,
which
in
noble
Hystorie
shall
contemplate
and
meditate
vpon
the
life
of
a
good
Prince
or
Counsellor
,
may
find
somewhat
alwayes
worth
his
own
obseruation
and
practise
;
according
to
that
saying
of
Seneca
:
Aliquis
vir
bonus
elegendus
est
nobis
,
ac
semper
ante
oculos
habendus
,
vt
sic
viuamus
tanquam
illo
spectanti
,
&
omnia
faciamus
tanquam
illo
videnti
:
We
must
propose
some
one
good
man
for
our
patterne
,
and
alwayes
looke
vpon
him
with
the
eyes
of
our
mind
,
that
wee
may
so
liue
,
as
if
hee
were
looking
vpon
vs
;
and
so
deale
,
as
if
all
our
actions
were
performed
in
his
sight
.
Let
a
souldiour
liue
fortie
yeares
in
seruice
;
great
,
and
of
continuall
commaund
,
as
great
Alexander
and
Caius
Caesar
;
escape
in
many
conflicts
,
as
Anniball
and
Cato
;
receiue
so
many
wounds
,
as
Scipio
and
Scaeua
;
triumph
in
so
many
victories
,
subuert
so
many
cities
,
deuise
so
many
stratagemes
,
consult
vpon
so
many
leagues
,
and
truces
,
enterparley
with
so
many
princes
,
spending
the
full
glasse
of
his
time
during
those
yeeres
in
magnificent
actions
,
and
noble
consultations
onely
,
like
Cirus
Themistocles
,
Epaminondas
,
Cimon
,
Fabius
,
Pelopidas
,
and
infinite
others
,
auncient
,
and
late
:
yet
shall
one
moneths
reading
in
Liuie
,
Plutarch
,
Diodorus
,
Thucydides
,
Polybius
,
Xenophon
,
Dion
,
and
some
few
more
,
(
which
haue
eternally
recorded
all
the
memorable
actions
and
vertues
of
them
all
)
open
more
vnto
him
without
bloudshead
(
if
hee
will
studiously
conferre
,
and
reasonably
remember
)
than
euer
the
seruice
of
many
more
yeeres
,
with
the
slaughters
of
Myriads
of
souldiors
,
could
expresse
.
The
knowledge
of
all
persons
,
the
meaning
of
all
matters
,
the
depth
of
all
secrets
is
locked
vp
in
Hystorie
.
In
it
wee
find
that
inestimable
treasure
of
the
Lawes
,
by
which
Commonweales
were
first
ordered
and
instituted
,
in
the
sentences
of
sage
and
prudent
men
;
confirming
societies
in
peace
,
and
magnifying
them
by
vertues
:
like
Physicke
,
which
is
an
hystoricall
commemoration
or
rapsodie
of
experiments
,
made
by
Physitions
of
old
;
by
whose
Aphorismes
and
Precepts
our
Physitions
direct
their
iudgements
and
medicines
:
it
is
a
methodicall
Schoole-master
of
humane
life
,
examplifying
the
fashions
and
natures
of
people
,
a
certaine
experience
of
their
actions
,
a
sound
and
prudent
Counsellor
in
difficult
affaires
.
The
cruelties
and
exceeding
lust
of
Domitian
,
and
of
Nero
,
which
may
be
read
in
Tacitus
,
hath
power
to
terrifie
princes
from
those
vices
which
are
recorded
of
them
:
when
also
they
peruse
the
lamentable
stories
of
Caligula
,
that
Fax
&
fex
hominum
:
That
fire-brand
,
and
filth
of
men
.
When
they
reuolue
the
monstrous
obscoenities
of
Heliogabalus
,
who
was
amongst
the
people
a
Cannon
by
word
,
scorne
,
and
obloquie
:
when
they
shall
looke
into
the
leaues
of
Maximus
his
life
;
than
whom
,
no
man
was
a
more
cruell
slaughter
man
of
his
countrey
,
finding
what
horrible
epethites
,
denominations
,
and
attributes
,
were
worthely
throwne
,
or
(
as
it
were
)
spit
into
the
blacke
legend
of
his
bloudie
gouernment
,
being
called
in
diuers
places
Busyris
,
Phalar
is
,
Typhon
,
what
better
precedent
can
remaine
in
detestation
of
vice
?
Contrariwise
,
the
blessed
and
peaceable
reigne
of
Octauian
,
the
goodnesse
and
gracious
condition
of
Traian
,
of
Pertinax
,
of
Titus
,
and
some
others
,
are
vehement
prouocations
,
to
confirme
and
encourage
Princes
in
iustice
and
honestie
.
For
euen
as
women
(
which
curiously
fashion
and
attire
their
heads
and
bodies
by
their
glasse
,
which
representeth
vnto
them
all
vndecent
and
comely
guizes
)
will
presently
shew
themselues
abroad
amongst
the
people
,
finding
their
bodies
by
that
myrrour
pleasingly
garnished
:
so
Princes
by
the
like
resemblance
find
in
the
glasse
of
hystories
,
that
which
giueth
spurs
to
their
vertues
and
policie
.
The
case
is
lamentable
,
and
I
haue
many
times
with
heauinesse
thought
it
,
how
few
be
the
Chronologiers
and
Historians
of
our
age
,
how
doubtfull
and
vnfaithfull
much
of
their
matter
,
how
fearefully
and
vainly
seduced
by
misprizion
and
affection
.
Sure
I
am
,
that
infinite
actions
remaine
worthie
the
penne
of
hystories
:
nay
,
that
which
men
write
of
their
own
princes
and
nation
,
tendeth
lesse
to
truth
than
vnto
vaine-glorie
:
but
that
which
is
written
by
men
of
forraine
princes
&
people
(
such
as
Mercury
Gallobelgicus
falsely
proclaimed
in
his
Annales
of
the
world
)
is
both
vncertaine
,
fallacious
,
and
strongly
sauouring
of
malice
,
blind
zeale
,
and
partiall
motions
of
the
mind
.
Whereas
if
men
would
faithfully
search
out
by
the
true
records
and
memorials
of
realmes
and
Commonweales
the
vertuous
and
vicious
actions
of
princes
and
people
,
how
would
it
instigate
and
deterre
the
well
and
ill
affected
rulers
and
commons
of
the
world
to
take
hold
and
detestation
of
goodnes
&
euill
?
In
reading
of
them
therefore
we
must
carefully
quote
the
map
of
actions
,
with
the
times
&
places
,
the
causes
,
executions
,
and
euents
of
things
,
wherein
some
did
prosper
,
and
others
perish
,
with
the
reasons
why
those
were
gracious
,
and
these
vnwelcome
.
If
any
glorious
matter
happened
,
whether
it
came
by
chaunce
or
felicitie
,
by
vertue
,
or
good
counsell
,
what
impediments
in
contrarie
did
cause
it
miscarry
.
A
Counsellor
should
also
consider
by
this
knowledge
,
what
alterations
haue
formerly
beene
:
as
in
the
realmes
of
England
,
Scotland
,
Fraunce
,
Ireland
,
Spaine
,
Denmarke
,
Italy
,
with
other
Nations
:
what
Families
possessed
the
Crownes
of
them
,
and
by
what
titles
and
meanes
,
how
long
,
what
the
causes
of
those
mutations
were
,
how
many
of
euery
familie
did
reigne
,
which
of
the
princes
was
most
religious
,
valiant
,
wise
,
and
fortunate
;
which
not
:
how
many
battailes
euery
prince
fought
,
against
whom
,
at
what
time
,
where
,
and
vpon
what
occasion
:
what
warres
haue
beene
for
a
thousand
and
six
hundred
yeeres
past
and
since
,
betwixt
England
and
Fraunce
,
England
and
Scotland
,
England
and
Spaine
,
England
and
Ireland
,
England
and
Denmarke
:
what
with
Wales
,
what
with
Heathens
,
and
Mahemetans
:
what
ciuile
and
intestine
commotions
:
which
and
in
how
many
battailes
that
were
conquerors
:
what
occasioned
their
ruine
or
victorie
;
also
the
causes
and
captaines
of
commotions
,
how
they
were
vanquished
or
quieted
:
what
benefite
or
mischiefe
ensued
thereon
.
Hee
that
can
well
and
aptly
make
relation
hereof
,
may
passe
the
muster
,
with
more
than
ordinarie
pay
for
his
paines
.
If
a
Counsellor
therefore
,
hauing
vnderstanding
requisite
,
accustome
himselfe
with
patience
in
much
reading
,
(
which
is
commonly
most
yrkesome
to
the
purest
and
most
precious
wits
)
that
benefite
is
vnspeakeable
,
which
by
the
knowledge
of
hystories
shall
enrich
his
mind
and
vnderstanding
:
considering
how
the
examples
of
a
priuat
and
publicke
life
,
the
beginnings
,
augmentations
,
proceedings
,
conseruations
,
and
inclinations
of
realmes
,
with
all
ciuile
commutations
,
are
discouered
by
them
.
The
knowledge
of
which
shall
not
be
very
long
in
attaining
:
for
so
much
as
men
of
this
place
shall
find
noble
vse
thereof
dayly
.
Prudence
is
one
speciall
gift
of
God
,
attained
by
prayer
and
the
due
feare
of
his
Maiestie
,
which
(
as
the
wise
Salomon
sayth
)
is
the
beginning
of
all
wisedome
.
Since
therefore
it
doth
principally
respect
the
knowledge
and
practise
of
wise
magistrates
to
be
possessed
of
that
princely
iewell
,
I
will
in
so
short
as
I
can
open
the
substance
thereof
,
according
to
the
morall
obseruations
in
Philosophie
.
Prudence
therefore
is
the
Gouernesse
and
Iudge
of
all
vertue
,
the
knowledge
which
teacheth
men
how
to
liue
blamelesse
,
or
a
true
mentall
affection
,
declaring
(
as
Cicero
writeth
)
what
honest
and
profitable
things
(
with
their
contraries
)
wee
should
desire
and
detest
.
It
is
likewise
a
kind
of
cunning
,
which
with
a
mysticall
,
honest
,
and
profitable
dissimulation
myneth
into
the
depth
of
causes
and
actions
.
And
in
another
d●…finition
,
Est
bona
animi
affectio
&
habitus
indagandi
quod
verum
sit
:
It
is
a
good
affection
,
and
which
is
a
kind
of
habite
,
to
speake
a
truth
in
all
publicke
and
priuate
causes
,
without
any
fraud
,
arrogance
,
or
dissimulation
.
Towards
the
knowledge
of
truth
(
by
lore
of
Philosophie
)
fiue
vertuous
qualities
are
required
.
The
first
is
Science
,
being
a
sure
and
infallible
knowledge
and
apprehension
of
any
thing
,
which
may
proceed
out
of
the
causes
thereof
,
either
by
naturall
instinct
,
or
some
other
reasonable
demonstrations
:
as
in
Theologicall
and
Mathematicall
practise
:
for
so
much
as
the
learning
contained
in
those
Sciences
,
teacheth
such
things
as
cannot
easily
be
wrested
otherwise
by
reason
.
As
first
appeareth
by
the
definition
of
Religion
,
which
is
the
seale
or
bond
of
Theologie
,
being
the
true
feare
,
loue
,
and
honour
of
God
:
which
religion
bringeth
a
zealous
care
and
reuerent
ceremonie
towards
the
worship
of
a
superiour
nature
;
which
nature
we
call
diuine
,
because
it
so
farre
exceedeth
the
corruption
and
perfectest
apprehension
of
man
:
and
amongst
others
by
the
Prophet
Dauid
vnto
the
kings
of
this
earth
,
as
a
monition
or
exhortation
,
it
is
deliuered
:
Vnderstand
,
O
you
Kings
:
serue
the
Lord
with
feare
,
and
reioyce
in
him
with
trembling
,
&c.
And
therefore
if
religion
were
nothing
but
humane
policie
(
which
the
damned
and
execrable
Atheists
imagine
in
their
foolishnesse
)
yet
must
wee
certainely
know
,
that
if
the
feare
of
God
aboue
were
not
,
men
would
contemne
all
lawes
and
vertue
:
imagining
,
that
all
men
had
free
leaue
in
their
owne
corrupt
natures
(
which
they
most
impiously
would
make
their
God
,
and
be
by
the
same
directed
)
to
doe
their
owne
hearts
lusts
.
The
Mathematickes
also
(
Quae
sunt
quasi
comites
&
administrae
viri
politici
:
Which
are
as
it
were
the
companions
and
agents
of
a
Polititian
:
and
which
Plutarch
placeth
in
the
soule
of
man
,
as
being
a
part
of
the
Theorique
of
habite
,
moouing
the
mind
,
enclining
and
yeelding
it selfe
constantly
to
things
,
which
cannot
be
by
demonstration
perfected
.
It
is
likewise
a
certaine
habite
of
experiment
had
in
the
principles
,
or
heads
and
grounds
of
causes
,
from
whence
all
proofes
are
drawne
.
The
adiuncts
and
parts
of
Intelligence
(
according
to
Metopius
the
Pythagorean
Philosopher
)
are
iudgement
The
difference
likewise
of
persons
,
&
of
their
qualities
,
by
the
respects
had
vnto
their
faults
and
punishment
(
as
for
example
,
in
malicious
killing
vpon
reuenge
,
in
comparison
of
them
that
doe
it
in
defence
of
their
owne
persons
,
by
the
law
of
nature
,
and
for
necessities
sake
,
in
making
sacriledge
the
worst
kind
of
theft
;
and
(
in
generall
)
when
by
due
discretion
the
state
and
condition
of
people
and
causes
,
either
high
,
great
,
humble
,
or
small
,
are
examined
and
respected
:
for
by
this
course
is
the
rule
of
decencie
kept
.
Moreouer
,
prudence
disperseth
her
force
and
vertues
into
three
parts
:
first
,
into
the
condition
monasticall
(
if
I
may
so
tearme
it
)
which
appertaineth
all
particular
persons
in
their
peculiar
estates
seuerally
:
the
second
,
into
the
state
Oeconomicall
,
which
respecteth
the
administration
of
each
priuate
familie
;
which
Xenophon
tearmeth
the
art
of
dispensation
.
The
third
and
last
being
the
best
and
right
excellent
part
(
wherin
prudence
sheweth
most
force
)
is
the
state
politicall
alwayes
employed
in
ciuile
causes
,
generally
working
for
the
Common-wealth
,
beeing
a
true
kind
of
science
to
which
those
of
this
counsell
must
bee
first
bound
apprentises
,
before
their
adoption
into
this
societie
.
Hee
therefore
,
that
would
bee
a
good
master
in
his
owne
familie
,
must
first
by
good
demeanure
and
conuersation
amongst
his
neighbors
hold
himselfe
vp
,
that
he
may
purchase
a
generall
good
opinion
,
witnesse
,
and
commendation
of
his
integritie
;
being
by
those
excellent
deserts
made
fit
for
the
gouernment
of
a
familie
.
Which
when
he
knoweth
by
that
circumspection
,
accustomed
in
his
owne
particular
carriage
,
how
to
gouerne
,
then
shall
hee
likewise
haue
his
faculties
by
good
helpe
of
morall
obseruations
and
practise
of
vertues
,
surely
kni●…
and
enhabled
to
giue
counsell
,
and
administer
in
this
principall
Office
vnder
the
King
or
Commonwealth
:
for
if
hee
cannot
moderate
himselfe
,
how
shall
he
rule
in
Oeconomie
?
Neither
can
any
man
,
not
being
exceedingly
perfect
in
them
both
(
with
other
excellent
suppliments
and
vertuous
helpes
,
such
as
you
shall
hereafter
reade
in
this
booke
of
Offices
)
deserue
the
place
of
a
Counsellor
.
Howbeit
,
for
as
much
as
these
two
last
,
concerning
the
administration
of
priuate
families
,
beeing
called
a
Domesticall
,
and
this
other
noble
part
semblably
tearmed
a
Ciuile
gouernement
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
,
which
is
the
forme
of
house-gouernment
,
respecteth
the
good
order
of
euery
mans
familie
,
correspondent
in
profite
and
honestie
to
the
places
,
degrees
,
and
habilities
of
the
maisters
;
whether
they
bee
princes
,
noblemen
,
citizens
,
or
priuat
persons
consisting
of
men
(
which
includeth
the
maister
,
wife
,
children
,
and
seruants
)
and
of
possessions
,
comprehending
house
and
domesticall
substance
.
They
which
might
haue
first
beene
worthely
reputed
Oeconomicall
maisters
,
were
Adam
,
Enoch
,
Noah
,
with
diuers
euen
to
the
time
of
Ioseph
the
patriarch
:
who
did
gouerne
the
kingdome
of
Egypt
,
establishing
it
with
new
lawes
.
Amongst
these
,
Melchisedech
named
a
king
,
and
Abraham
,
who
(
though
in
forraine
countries
he
were
a
stranger
)
yet
ioyned
with
kings
,
gouerning
his
familie
by
politicall
and
Oeconomicall
Empire
,
and
maintaining
warres
in
defence
of
his
people
.
The
maister
of
the
house-hold
therefore
ought
first
to
know
,
and
put
his
whole
power
in
practise
,
towards
the
preseruation
of
his
wife
and
children
,
in
vnion
and
societie
,
which
both
Reason
and
Law
doth
naturally
moderate
,
beeing
by
sacred
writ
of
the
Testaments
ordained
,
and
vnder
that
commaundement
established
by
the
diuine
sanctions
of
Christianitie
,
that
they
should
be
legitimate
,
begotten
in
wedlocke
,
and
not
the
children
of
many
fathers
,
according
to
the
licencious
rule
of
Plato
:
secondly
,
that
the
father
vnto
them
and
to
his
seruants
shew
beneuolence
,
and
be
tractable
.
His
familie
must
be
disposed
in
decent
order
:
food
,
cloth
,
maintenance
,
with
house
conuenient
and
answerable
to
the
retinue
,
must
be
prouided
,
according
to
the
nature
of
that
place
where
he
liueth
.
Wherin
he
must
prudently
consider
,
whether
the
ayre
,
which
fostereth
the
places
enuironing
his
house
,
be
cold
,
hot
or
temperat
:
whether
scituate
vpon
the
continent
,
or
sea
coast
,
neere
a
riuer
or
poole
,
high
,
low
,
fennish
,
moist
,
fertile
,
barren
,
neere
the
barbarous
and
aduerse
borderer
,
or
remote
;
or
to
what
winds
it
is
most
opposed
,
with
such
like
:
for
according
to
these
obseruations
,
houses
are
edified
and
fortified
;
streets
enlargened
or
straightened
.
Vnto
which
publicke
workes
,
for
the
edification
,
amplification
,
or
restauration
of
houses
,
villages
,
or
cities
,
a
Counsellors
prudence
is
needfully
required
.
Let
them
take
heed
of
exceeding
sumptuousnesse
and
ouergorgeous
magnificence
in
building
,
aboue
the
proportion
of
their
lands
and
reuenewes
,
enuironning
and
answering
the
same
:
for
it
were
better
,
that
large
demesnes
required
mansion
houses
,
than
that
glorious
mannors
should
want
meanes
to
support
and
furnish
out
their
magnificence
.
Concerning
familiar
maintenance
(
which
is
either
domesticall
,
respecting
tyllage
,
pasturage
,
parkes
for
game
,
warrens
of
hares
and
conies
,
hawking
,
fishing
,
vineyards
,
orchards
,
hop-yards
,
gardens
,
and
such
like
;
or
artificiall
,
conuersing
in
arts
,
handy-crafts
,
trades
,
and
mysteries
;
in
part
liberall
,
as
painture
,
typographie
,
masonrie
,
with
the
like
,
and
partly
not
)
it
must
bee
decent
,
honest
,
needfull
,
and
allowable
:
for
the
worthinesse
of
a
good
house-holder
is
mentall
,
and
not
corporall
.
Qui
enim
domum
aut
villam
extruit
,
eamque
signis
,
aulaeis
,
alijsque
Let
that
therefore
,
which
is
the
fountaine
and
profession
of
maintenance
to
them
that
are
house-holders
,
be
iust
,
honest
,
and
profitable
:
that
which
is
so
gotten
also
,
let
it
be
frugally
spent
and
husbanded
,
as
it
is
commendably
gayned
:
that
euery
man
according
to
his
place
,
apport
,
and
qualitie
,
may
maintaine
that
decent
state
,
which
shall
best
answere
to
the
glory
of
his
owne
countrey
,
where
hee
breatheth
.
But
if
O
Domus
antiqua
might
in
Ciceroes
time
bee
spoken
of
many
,
when
this
crooked
world
was
sixteene
hundred
yeeres
and
more
younger
than
it
is
,
and
not
growne
to
that
extreame
auarice
,
vnto
which
all
aged
creatures
of
nature
,
by
course
more
and
more
encline
:
what
may
be
said
of
those
pompous
buildings
at
this
day
,
which
haue
chimneyes
without
fires
,
lodgings
without
strangers
,
kitchins
without
meat
,
faire
hals
without
that
old
and
comely
guard
of
stout
yeomanrie
,
for
which
England
hath
beene
formerly
famoused
?
In
choice
of
a
wife
(
if
a
man
might
so
haue
it
)
this
were
to
bee
wished
,
that
men
towards
thirtie
yeeres
of
their
age
ioyne
in
marriage
with
some
young
woman
,
not
much
aboue
twentie
,
both
of
them
equall
in
substance
and
birth
so
neere
as
may
be
,
well
brought
vp
in
modestie
,
good
huswiferie
,
prudent
,
of
honest
parentage
,
not
disparaging
him
in
any
thing
,
neither
proud
,
nor
malicious
and
froward
,
but
such
as
may
both
loue
him
well
,
and
be
worthely
beloued
againe
;
the
persons
,
their
state
and
qualitie
considered
:
ouer
whom
he
may
not
(
vpon
any
iealous
misconstructions
,
villanous
suspect
,
or
opinionatiue
report
of
malicious
tongues
)
beare
a
heauie
hand
,
without
certaine
and
manifest
apparance
of
her
dishonest
carriage
:
but
in
all
his
actions
towards
her
,
demeane
himselfe
honestly
,
godly
,
decently
,
benignely
,
mildly
,
beeing
directed
by
the
rule
of
Christianitie
,
that
though
he
know
himselfe
to
be
the
head
of
that
double
vnited
bodie
,
yet
he
may
so
repute
and
esteeme
of
her
,
as
of
that
other
halfe
of
himselfe
,
ioyning
with
her
in
equall
care
and
diligence
towards
the
vertuous
education
and
instruction
of
his
children
,
as
hee
did
with
her
in
procreation
of
them
:
considering
,
that
education
is
the
first
,
second
,
and
third
part
of
life
;
without
which
according
to
Philosophie
all
learning
is
as
it
were
armed
iniquitie
:
the
definition
of
Education
is
:
Liberorum
tàm
in
sanitate
totius
corporis
,
quàm
in
singularum
partium
concinnitate
diligens
conser●…tio
:
The
parents
diligent
conseruation
of
their
children
,
both
in
health
of
bodie
,
and
in
a
generall
cleanely
propernesse
through
all
parts
.
And
in
this
sort
also
Ciantor
,
the
scholler
of
Xenocrates
,
hath
distributed
mans
life
:
the
first
part
to
bee
bestowed
in
vertuous
contemplation
and
practise
;
the
second
,
in
recreation
and
exercise
for
corporall
health
;
the
third
,
for
honest
pleasures
;
and
the
fourth
for
the
iust
acquisition
and
collection
of
treasure
.
So
that
the
first
threescore
yeeres
haue
reference
to
the
education
,
as
well
for
particular
as
generall
gouernment
(
whether
Oeconomicall
or
Politicall
)
the
second
prouideth
in
arming
himselfe
for
death
to
benefit
posteritie
.
The
care
of
a
wife
is
also
to
ioyne
with
her
husband
in
prouision
for
her
children
,
that
they
be
furnished
with
corporall
necessaries
,
answerable
to
her
estate
,
exercising
them
in
true
religion
and
obedience
,
disciplining
them
in
arts
and
trades
,
according
to
their
natures
and
capacities
,
or
as
his
faculties
require
.
He
must
also
keepe
a
iust
audite
of
his
gettings
and
expences
,
ordering
and
husbanding
his
goods
with
such
a
prouident
hand
,
as
that
somewhat
alwayes
(
according
to
the
proportion
of
his
liuing
)
be
with
a
fatherly
foresight
reserued
each
yeere
towards
their
stocke
and
prosperitie
to
come
.
Howbeit
,
if
he
be
noble
,
or
of
such
worth
,
as
that
by
the
vertues
,
paines
,
&
worthinesse
of
his
antecessors
hee
need
not
to
labour
for
his
liuing
,
but
hath
of
his
owne
without
industrie
to
supplie
that
charge
:
then
must
he
so
moderate
and
attemper
himselfe
to
frugalitie
,
that
he
neither
seeme
prodigall
,
nor
couetous
,
but
liberall
and
like
himselfe
,
suiting
with
his
place
and
condition
:
If
he
liue
by
trade
,
his
apprentises
must
be
well
vsed
,
and
diligently
taught
his
science
and
cunning
:
if
otherwise
(
keeping
and
retaining
seruants
for
his
traine
and
countenance
,
with
workmen
which
attend
his
labour
for
wages
)
he
should
see
that
they
bee
with
good
respect
and
answerable
to
their
qualities
entertained
and
kept
in
their
offices
,
hauing
their
wages
and
hire
benignely
and
carefully
paied
vnto
them
at
times
fit
and
limited
,
prouiding
that
they
grow
not
insolent
,
contentious
,
or
malicious
amongst
themselues
,
but
temperate
and
honest
.
The
respects
which
ought
to
be
required
in
a
wife
,
are
a
diligent
and
dayly
care
of
her
house
,
that
she
personally
looke
to
those
houshold
commodities
and
seruices
her selfe
as
is
fit
:
that
she
behaue
her selfe
honestly
towards
her
husband
:
that
she
be
no
scold
,
nor
maliciously
demeane
her selfe
:
that
she
teach
and
instruct
her
children
and
women
seruants
in
modest
conuersation
,
knowledge
,
and
behauior
:
that
she
bee
not
proud
,
neither
sumptuous
nor
sluttish
:
which
those
sweet
Oracles
of
wisedome
and
Oratorie
,
king
Salomon
and
blessed
Paul
haue
diuinely
and
luculently
declared
,
as
is
read
in
holy
scriptures
,
That
if
strength
serue
,
she
giue
sucke
to
her
owne
children
her selfe
:
for
as
much
as
all
Philosophers
hold
it
the
most
naturall
and
best
course
of
nourishing
infants
:
that
she
teach
vnto
them
frugalitie
,
reseruing
and
encreasing
her
husbands
stocke
with
her
owne
huswiferie
.
In
briefe
(
as
Freigius
in
his
Oeconomicks
noteth
)
that
she
be
modest
,
stout
,
iust
,
and
silent
.
In
like
sort
,
that
children
should
bee
brought
vp
in
the
true
knowledge
,
feare
,
and
worship
of
God
,
in
obedience
,
loue
,
and
honour
,
to
their
parents
,
in
patience
of
their
fathers
seueritie
:
that
they
bee
silent
without
procacitie
,
when
he
speaketh
:
that
they
be
dutifull
vnto
their
schoolemasters
,
and
vnto
those
that
teach
vnto
them
the
gouernment
of
themselues
:
that
they
be
studious
of
those
arts
and
professions
to
which
their
parents
haue
applied
them
:
that
they
be
taught
to
loath
pestilent
idlenesse
and
voluptuositie
,
beeing
the
perdition
and
confusion
of
all
youth
,
from
the
highest
to
the
basest
:
that
they
be
reuerend
towards
magistrates
,
and
vnto
their
betters
:
that
they
bee
true
in
word
and
deede
:
that
they
lend
dutifull
and
willing
eares
vnto
the
words
and
instructions
of
men
learned
,
honest
,
and
wise
:
that
they
bee
modest
.
For
in
all
his
Dialogues
wee
find
,
that
Plato
with
most
vehemence
and
principally
doth
adhort
parents
to
be
carefull
in
education
of
their
children
,
verely
beleeuing
,
Non
posse
genus
humanum
absque
gubernataribus
vel
honestè
viuere
,
vel
foeliciter
gubernari
:
That
the
children
of
men
can
neither
liue
honestly
together
,
nor
be
gouerned
happily
without
Masters
and
Rulers
.
Lastly
,
the
duties
required
in
seruants
,
are
subiection
,
fidelitie
,
promptnesse
,
attention
,
assiduitie
,
with
obedience
vnto
their
maisters
frugalitie
,
moderation
in
diet
,
and
apparrell
,
truth
in
matters
concredited
vnto
their
truth
,
patience
,
and
facilitie
:
howbeit
,
I
will
(
as
before
)
referre
my selfe
in
this
true
moralitie
vnto
the
spirit
of
God
,
speaking
in
those
Oeconomicall
precepts
and
commaundements
,
which
were
deliuered
by
the
blessed
Apostles
Peter
and
Paule
in
their
Epistles
,
and
by
our
Sauiour
Christ
himselfe
,
in
diuerse
places
and
parables
of
his
holy
Gospell
,
diuinely
shewing
and
teaching
the
duties
of
fathers
,
wiues
,
children
,
husbands
,
seruants
,
and
of
all
other
magistrates
in
their
places
by
the
lore
of
decencie
.
All
which
Offices
of
wiues
,
seruants
,
and
children
,
haue
reference
vnto
a
superiour
,
by
which
they
bee
secluded
from
hauing
absolute
power
ouer
themselues
.
Such
is
that
diuine
force
of
order
,
and
true
disposition
in
all
thinges
,
which
are
created
of
God
.
Whether
it
be
lawfull
for
Christians
to
retaine
slaues
,
to
whom
the
Gospell
hath
graunted
libertie
:
such
as
in
diuerse
parts
of
Christendome
(
vnder
the
Popes
Supremacie
)
be
tollerated
and
vsed
,
being
in
part
naturall
,
and
partly
legall
slaues
,
as
you
shall
find
in
the
imperiall
institutions
,
Sub
tit
.
de
seruis
.
I
referre
my selfe
to
the
learneder
opinions
of
Diuines
,
Cannonists
,
and
ciuile
Doctors
,
which
can
make
a
perfect
decision
of
that
doubt
:
but
sure
am
I
,
that
amongst
the
true
professors
of
Christs
Gospell
,
seruitude
is
disallowed
and
abrogated
by
the
generall
libertie
which
was
graunted
by
Christ
Iesus
to
them
that
beleeue
.
Concerning
seruants
by
nature
,
I
referre
my selfe
to
Aristotle
.
As
euery
familie
composed
is
of
seuerall
persons
,
so
doth
each
Common-wealth
or
citie
consist
of
many
families
.
This
assembly
being
thus
associated
in
the
tutelage
,
combination
,
or
communion
of
one
Empire
and
Law
,
out
of
his
owne
proper
force
can
maintaine
,
protect
,
and
gouerne
the
state
of
his
affaires
by
policie
,
being
the
third
part
of
prudence
:
which
(
as
Plutarch
defineth
in
his
booke
of
three
Commonweales
)
is
that
state
and
order
that
euery
citie
should
obserue
in
the
rule
and
gouernment
of
things
.
We
find
in
holy
Scripture
,
how
God
himselfe
ordained
this
politicall
doctrine
and
order
by
his
immediat
seruant
and
interpreter
Moyses
;
proposing
an
example
to
posteritie
,
from
whence
many
most
behoofefull
precedents
towards
the
administration
of
Kingdoms
,
Estates
,
and
Seignories
may
be
taken
:
by
this
is
the
Prince
himselfe
directed
,
as
by
some
diuine
caball
,
according
to
his
capacitie
,
and
to
that
grace
which
God
hath
poured
into
the
hearts
of
his
secret
counsell
,
how
to
gouerne
all
the
people
of
this
earth
.
For
euen
as
to
the
Pylot
his
course
and
compasse
,
by
which
he
capeth
and
wendeth
,
euen
as
health
to
the
Physition
,
and
victorie
to
the
captaine
:
so
to
the
Prince
and
Magistrate
,
the
blessed
and
peaceable
life
of
his
people
and
citizens
is
proposed
,
that
they
may
grow
plentifull
in
riches
,
powerfull
in
armes
,
ample
in
glorie
,
constant
and
honest
in
vertue
.
Likewise
,
wee
find
those
policies
most
excellent
,
which
king
Dauid
,
the
figure
of
our
Sauiour
Christ
,
vsed
:
for
hee
did
amplifie
the
realme
of
Israel
both
by
peace
and
warre
;
adorning
it
with
lawes
,
iudgements
,
treasure
,
armes
,
and
power
,
encouraged
and
aduaunced
the
studies
of
learning
,
instituted
the
Leuites
,
Doctors
,
Musitians
,
and
other
professors
of
good
arts
.
This
ciuile
prudence
doth
(
as
it
were
)
prescribe
vnto
citizens
their
actions
,
conuersing
in
the
maintenance
of
ciuile
societies
,
by
the
vniformitie
of
religion
,
vniuersalitie
of
iustice
,
and
vnanimitie
in
vertuous
contemplation
,
and
practise
;
whereby
they
liue
together
in
pietie
towards
God
,
in
honestie
one
towards
another
,
in
prudence
and
tranquilitie
respecting
their
owne
priuat
and
particular
estates
.
Aristotle
maketh
this
difference
betwixt
the
Commonwealth
and
a
priuat
familie
:
That
Iustice
(
by
the
distribution
of
equall
measure
to
poore
and
rich
)
is
most
specious
in
euery
Commonwealth
:
whereas
in
Oeconomie
,
the
maister
of
each
familie
doth
at
his
owne
discretion
gouerne
and
dispose
matters
,
as
in
the
person
of
a
prince
ouer
his
children
,
seruants
,
and
slaues
.
According
to
the
generall
opinion
of
all
good
writers
,
there
are
sixe
formes
of
policie
:
whereof
the
three
good
are
first
placed
,
and
the
three
bad
drawne
out
of
the
excesse
of
those
best
.
The
first
of
the
good
doth
consist
of
the
prince
his
absolute
authoritie
ouer
the
people
in
yea
and
nay
:
which
men
call
a
Monarchy
.
But
of
this
more
at
large
in
other
places
ensuing
.
Bodin
writeth
,
that
there
are
two
sorts
of
Empire
or
Soueraignetie
:
Vnum
Non
multos
regnare
bonum
,
rex
vnicus
esto
.
Vnius
imperium
,
cui
Iupiter
aurea
magnus
Sceptra
dedit
,
iussitque
suis
dare
iur
a
tuendis
.
It
is
not
good
,
that
many
kings
should
rule
at
once
ouer
one
people
:
let
there
bee
one
king
and
one
kingdome
,
vnto
whome
the
God
of
might
hath
deliuered
the
golden
scepter
,
commaunding
him
to
make
lawes
for
the
preseruation
and
tuition
of
his
people
.
The
third
good
estate
of
gouernment
resteth
in
the
discreet
gubernation
of
the
Commons
,
which
is
named
a
Democracie
:
such
as
gouerned
Athens
in
times
past
,
and
the
like
amongst
the
Cantons
of
Swizzerland
,
at
this
day
.
Those
other
three
remaining
,
and
framed
out
of
the
excesse
or
outrage
of
these
other
three
good
states
predefined
,
consist
in
tyrannie
,
by
which
the
prince
,
according
to
lust
,
and
beyond
the
limits
of
reason
,
law
,
or
honestie
,
cherisheth
vicious
persons
,
and
by
them
strengtheneth
his
owne
arme
against
all
good
people
,
which
liue
oppressed
and
tortured
vnder
his
gouernment
.
The
life
of
such
tyrants
is
a
continuall
perillous
and
inward
warre
,
because
they
cannot
repute
themselues
safe
either
in
front
,
in
reare
,
or
on
the
flankes
,
they
miserably
torture
themselues
with
euerlasting
danger
&
feare
.
And
those
are
commonly
called
Tyranni
,
qui
vi
&
armis
imperium
arripiunt
:
Which
with
force
and
in
armes
bereaue
others
of
their
Realms
and
Crownes
.
Such
was
Cirus
Agathocles
,
and
others
infinite
,
which
maintained
their
spoyles
and
rapine
by
rauening
and
spoyling
.
These
are
they
which
despise
iustice
,
lawes
,
and
equitie
;
these
which
forsake
the
Commonwealth
to
multi●…lie
their
owne
priuate
estates
;
these
which
vexe
and
oppresse
their
people
with
grieuous
and
insupportable
tributes
and
exactions
,
as
vassales
and
slaues
,
base
and
abject
:
those
of
these
conditions
may
not
bee
called
kings
,
but
tyrants
and
nefarious
oppressors
:
for
euen
as
rauenous
wolues
greedily
rush
vpon
the
flocke
,
so
doe
they
,
to
dilaniate
and
deuour
the
people
of
God
.
The
court
of
a
good
king
containeth
the
least
part
of
his
riches
,
and
his
Commonwealth
aboundeth
and
ioyeth
in
all
wealth
and
worldly
felicitie
.
The
tyrant
hoordeth
vp
the
peoples
treasure
,
or
employeth
it
to
his
priuate
vse
,
impouerishing
and
excoriating
the
poore
subiects
.
A
good
king
hath
a
good
Angell
ayding
him
in
the
administration
of
his
estate
:
a
Tyrant
is
incensed
and
directed
by
a
most
malicious
and
wicked
diuell
.
A
good
king
punisheth
the
wicked
,
and
preferreth
the
vertuous
;
a
Tyrant
cutteth
off
the
liues
of
good
men
,
and
prolongeth
the
dayes
of
the
wicked
.
A
good
king
thinketh
himselfe
most
powerfull
in
riches
,
when
his
people
doth
abound
in
wealth
.
A
tyrant
then
reputeth
himselfe
most
rich
,
when
he
hath
robbed
the
Commonwealth
of
all
their
goods
:
a
good
king
by
the
Philosophers
is
called
a
shepheard
;
a
tyrant
is
tearmed
a
wolfe
:
finally
the
good
and
true
king
esteemeth
much
more
the
life
and
weale
of
his
people
,
than
his
owne
life
.
The
Tyrant
doth
not
only
thirst
after
the
riches
and
treasure
,
but
euen
after
the
bloud
and
liues
of
his
subiects
also
.
The
second
euill
part
of
gouernment
is
called
Oligarchie
:
which
is
when
the
Commonwealth
or
Vniuersalitie
bee
forceably
yoaked
vnder
the
violent
lusts
and
empire
of
a
few
Nobles
:
as
at
Rome
in
the
gouernment
of
the
Duumuirate
and
Triumuirate
:
and
in
Anarchie
,
when
the
people
confusedly
by
libidinous
instinct
and
auaritious
desire
,
make
hauocke
of
all
vnder
their
gouernment
;
vsing
all
kinds
of
dishonest
pleasures
and
purchase
,
as
a
commendable
and
most
needfull
recreation
and
profite
.
For
the
deuill
(
which
is
author
of
confusion
and
disorder
)
raigneth
in
their
spirits
.
Yea
,
ruinous
and
most
desolate
is
that
Nation
like
to
prooue
,
whose
lawes
are
made
out
of
their
owne
lusts
and
perturbed
appetites
:
Multitudo
namque
malis
artibus
imbuta
,
O
Pallas
,
Pallas
,
quae
tribus
infestissimis
belluis
delectaris
,
noctua
,
dracone
,
&
populo
:
O
Pallas
,
Pallas
,
which
takest
pleasure
in
three
most
pernicious
beasts
;
in
an
Owle
,
in
a
Dragon
,
and
in
the
people
.
Which
kind
of
gouernment
is
not
vnproperly
compared
to
the
weltring
and
vnconstant
billowes
of
the
sea
.
The
Romane
policie
,
when
their
kings
were
abolished
,
was
by
the
Senate
managed
a
long
time
.
After
which
the
people
retaining
a
Democraticall
state
(
being
attempered
with
the
moderation
and
authorities
royall
,
and
with
the
Patricians
,
as
appeared
in
the
Consular
estate
,
and
in
the
Senators
)
did
carrie
with
them
the
fasces
and
preheminence
,
vntill
the
reignes
of
Iulius
and
Augustus
Caesars
.
So
that
out
of
the
Soueraigne
rule
of
a
kingdome
,
being
reuiued
in
the
Consuls
;
out
of
the
gouernment
Aristocraticall
,
represented
by
the
Senators
;
and
out
of
the
Democracie
,
manifested
in
the
Plebeian
Tribunes
,
a
firme
and
absolute
Commonwealth
was
fashioned
.
Those
Monarchies
which
are
esteemed
most
perfect
and
excellent
at
this
day
,
being
established
by
the
Senate
or
Counsell
of
most
prudent
persons
,
aduaunced
for
their
true
nobilitie
to
that
place
with
a
kind
of
consent
and
approbation
of
the
commons
,
doe
moderate
,
and
nobly
restraine
the
princes
force
within
the
limits
of
his
owne
lawes
,
made
and
published
for
the
benefit
of
his
people
generally
:
by
which
meanes
their
wealth
&
peace
may
be
multiplied
&
conserued
;
especially
when
the
crowne
is
not
bestowed
vpon
any
through
suffragation
(
as
by
briberie
,
faction
,
or
affection
)
but
by
royall
right
of
heritage
,
to
princes
next
in
succession
by
blood
;
as
it
is
in
this
renowmed
monarchie
of
Brittaine
vnder
your
maiesties
imperiall
Scepter
at
this
day
:
for
euery
good
Commonwealth
is
vnder
iust
gouerment
with
excellent
counsell
conserued
and
amplified
:
neither
can
it
but
of
force
must
otherwise
be
ruined
and
perish
.
For
as
much
therefore
as
euery
Commonwealth
consisteth
of
a
multitude
(
which
should
liue
in
vnitie
together
vnder
one
God
,
one
king
,
and
one
law
)
I
will
speake
somewhat
of
the
incorporation
and
harmonious
vnion
of
people
and
nations
one
within
another
.
So
much
the
rather
,
because
the
present
state
of
our
monarchie
thus
confirmed
and
happily
lincked
in
vnion
requireth
it
;
in
this
semblably
with
all
requisite
humiliation
,
as
in
all
other
things
,
yeelding
and
submitting
my
iudgement
to
the
correction
of
wisedome
.
The
first
and
best
forme
of
gouernment
and
empire
is
,
where
one
king
moderateth
and
ruleth
all
nations
vnder
his
dominion
vnited
,
according
to
the
true
spirit
of
vertue
,
which
domination
is
properly
tearmed
by
the
sages
of
wisedome
a
monocracie
:
for
it
representeth
the
perfect
ordination
of
nature
,
by
which
euerie
multitude
and
deformitie
submitteth
it selfe
to
some
one
thing
which
gouerneth
the
same
;
euen
as
all
things
mooueable
are
reduced
vnto
the
first
moouer
or
centre
from
which
all
Lines
,
Elements
,
and
Dimensions
are
deriued
.
For
proofe
hereof
Herodian
in
his
historie
writeth
,
that
Darius
vpon
a
consultation
,
how
the
Persian
state
might
be
best
established
as
a
paranymph
by
the
liuely
force
of
a
most
eloquent
oration
defended
the
forme
of
a
monarchie
:
which
the
Persian
senate
did
also
with
one
voice
applaud
;
declaring
and
proclaming
him
their
king
thereupon
.
The
like
part
did
Mecanas
defend
against
Agrippa
before
Octauius
Caesar
,
and
preuailed
:
both
Dion
Cassius
.
To
confirme
this
both
by
diuine
authorities
,
and
humane
nature
,
the
blessed
Apostle
saith
,
that
there
is
one
head
,
one
spirit
,
one
lord
.
And
it
is
written
in
the
prophet
Ezechias
,
My
seruant
Dauid
shall
be
their
king
and
onely
shepheard
ouer
them
all
.
In
a
Monarchie
therefore
,
and
in
the
whole
course
of
euery
good
policie
,
these
three
speciall
are
most
certaine
,
and
faithfully
to
bee
receiued
.
The
first
is
one
God
;
without
fellowship
in
power
and
vertue
,
whose
sacred
iealousie
will
not
admit
of
any
copartener
or
competitor
,
according
to
whose
precepts
and
instructions
deliuered
,
as
it
is
written
in
those
holy
bookes
to
his
faithfull
seruants
Moyses
and
Aaron
,
and
after
to
the
blessed
Patriarkes
,
then
to
the
diuine
Prophets
:
and
lastly
,
by
the
blessed
mouth
of
Christ
Iesus
his
sonne
our
Sauiour
vnto
the
sanctified
Apostles
,
without
addition
,
or
diminution
,
our
true
Religion
Catholicke
,
being
the
vertuous
baulme
of
our
mortified
soules
and
bodies
,
wounded
with
the
darts
of
sinne
and
death
,
and
extracted
out
of
the
most
precious
and
inestimable
substance
of
our
saluation
is
immoueably
grounded
.
The
second
,
one
king
,
who
semblably
(
without
any
competitor
or
associate
coequall
in
his
authoritie
)
doth
represent
in
himselfe
the
very
person
of
royall
iustice
,
according
to
that
excellent
verse
of
the
Poet
:
Nulla
fides
regni
socijs
:
Omnisque
potestas
Impatiens
consorti●…
erit
.
There
is
not
any
trust
to
be
reposed
betwixt
fellowes
in
Empire
:
for
each
power
is
impatient
of
a
competitor
.
The
pa●…ts
of
a
true
prince
(
as
Plata
defineth
)
is
Ex
lege
&
more
regere
:
To
rule
by
law
and
custome
.
H●…
being
thus
placed
in
the
throne
of
royaltie
,
sheweth
Go●…
high
fauour
and
deare
loue
to
that
people
,
whom
hee
graciously
gouerneth
by
those
wise
and
godly
rulers
,
which
vnder
him
sit
on
the
throne
of
Iustice
:
wherein
likewise
the
king
sheweth
his
owne
excellent
prudence
,
that
can
by
good
discretion
make
choice
of
such
excellent
magistrates
.
Hence
was
it
,
that
Queene
Saba
did
magnifie
king
Salomon
aboue
all
the
kings
on
earth
in
these
words
:
Blessed
be
the
Lord
thy
God
,
which
loued
thee
,
to
set
thee
on
the
throne
of
Israel
,
becaus●…hee
loued
Israel
for
euer
,
and
made
thee
king●…
to
doe
righteousnesse
and
equitie
,
&c.
In
the
King
therfore
is
comprehended
the
power
and
vigour
of
those
humane
laws
which
proceeded
from
his
diuine
Sapience
,
answering
to
the
natures
of
his
people
and
consenting
with
the
time●…
necessitie
:
which
he
stands
obliged
to
protect
with
the
maiestie
of
his
state
,
antiquating
such
ordinances
,
as
haue
beene
formerly
thought
behoofefull
,
and
not
presently
seruing
in
such
needfull
request
as
before
:
for
in
the
Prince
,
and
in
his
Lawes
,
hauing
entire
reference
and
respect
to
the
true
worship
and
lawes
of
God
(
which
is
the
principall
)
all
Kingdomes
,
Nations
,
and
People
are
preserued
,
gouerned
,
and
maintained
in
glorie
,
wealth
,
and
tranquilitie
.
And
hence
is
it
,
that
the
Prophet
Dauid
sayth
:
Giue
thy
Iudgements
to
the
King
,
O
God
,
and
thy
●…teousnesse
vnto
the
Kings
sonne
,
that
in
Righteousnesse
hee
may
iudge
thy
people
and
the
poore
in
Equitie●…
:
The
mountaines
and
hils
shall
bring
peace
to
thy
people
by
Iustice
.
For
which
speciall
and
singular
glits
and
vertues
of
Righteousnesse
,
Concord
,
and
Iustice
,
Kings
and
Princes
were
first
ordayned
:
whose
institution
was
diuine
and
heau●…nly
,
and
by
the
most
bountifull
and
gracious
ordinance
of
God
,
appointed
for
the
weale
of
his
people
.
Also
they
that
were
so
chosen
in
regard
of
their
prudence
,
humanitie
,
temperance
,
and
other
excellent
faculties
,
wherein
they
surpassed
all
others
,
were
therefore
called
to
the
gouernment
of
people
and
nations
,
by
generall
suffrages
and
ioyfull
vnanimitie
.
Such
was
the
election
of
Deioces
amongst
the
Medians
;
of
Samothes
amongst
our
auncient
Brittaines
,
and
amongst
the
Gaules
;
of
Minos
in
Crete
;
of
Numa
Pompilius
,
the
successour
of
Romulus
;
who
being
absent
,
was
chosen
king
of
the
Romanes
,
vehemently
persuaded
and
vrged
to
take
vpon
him
that
Soueraignetie
,
which
hee
most
peremptorily
refused
a
long
time
:
for
a
true
king
is
the
viue
patterne
and
Idaea
of
all
vertues
,
reuerenced
amongst
his
people
,
subiects
,
and
vassales
,
as
a
god
vpon
earth
:
whose
regall
authoritie
being
receiued
from
the
most
great
and
ineffable
prouidence
,
grace
,
and
secret
charter
of
God
,
vnder
the
blessed
seale
of
his
omnipotencie
,
ought
by
him
in
all
humilitie
to
be
continually
ascribed
and
reacknowledged
to
his
incomprehensible
deitie
.
For
God
of
himselfe
being
most
wise
,
most
iust
,
and
most
good
,
would
haue
a
most
wise
,
a
most
iust
,
and
a
most
good
vice-gerent
to
rule
his
people
in
all
righteousnes
and
equitie
.
Yea
,
the
barbarous
rabble
did
so
wonder
and
adore
their
first
kings
in
those
former
ages
,
that
they
did
faine
and
comment
,
how
they
were
not
dead
,
but
translated
into
heauen
amongst
their
prophane
gods
.
Many
write
,
that
the
three
speciall
vertues
of
a
king
,
are
Sapience
,
Iustice
,
and
Concord
,
which
without
doubt
are
three
of
the
foure
triumphant
wheeles
of
his
renowned
and
euerlasting
glorie
:
but
certaine
it
is
,
that
hee
which
is
verely
valiant
,
magnanimious
,
and
industrious
,
and
he
that
with
assiduitie
,
vigilancie
,
iustice
,
and
equitie
doth
well
gouerne
his
people
,
committed
to
his
faith
and
sapience
(
after
the
manner
of
good
shepheards
which
carefully
guide
and
attend
their
flockes
)
doth
doubtlessely
discharge
his
function
by
iust
meanes
well
and
faithfully
.
Finally
,
these
three
properties
are
they
which
sanctifie
him
amongst
his
subiects
,
and
through
the
whole
world
:
Clemencie
,
which
is
the
iewell
of
princes
;
Mercy
the
Sun-shine
of
kings
;
and
Lenitie
being
as
it
were
the
milke
of
maiestie
.
The
third
,
one
people
including
the
Commonwealth
,
which
also
should
acknowledge
one
only
God
and
one
king
,
considering
the
corporeall
resemblance
which
is
betwixt
him
and
God
;
both
of
them
soueraigning
ouer
our
soules
and
bodies
in
ecclesiasticall
and
ciuile
lawes
:
for
so
much
as
wee
be
naturally
borne
vnder
that
obedience
,
as
those
other
two
former
by
their
proper
power
beare
domination
ouer
the
nations
of
this
earth
,
God
hauing
his
vertue
of
himselfe
,
infinite
,
omnipotent
,
and
limitlesse
;
the
king
holding
his
authoritie
by
the
deputation
,
grace
,
and
sufferance
of
the
most
high
God
,
as
his
immediate
steward
,
to
direct
,
and
to
see
them
instructed
in
his
holy
Scriptures
and
commaundements
as
also
with
his
owne
ciuile
and
politicke
sanctions
to
gouerne
them
,
that
they
might
liue
in
loue
,
peace
,
and
vnion
together
,
as
one
flocke
,
obedient
and
answering
vnto
the
voyce
of
their
spirituall
and
temporall
pastors
,
without
wandering
or
straying
from
their
obedience
,
like
lost
sheepe
,
which
growing
wild
,
acknowledge
not
any
shepheard
.
This
third
estate
is
diuided
into
the
nobler
sort
,
including
as
well
ministers
and
magistrats
immediat
and
mediate
vnder
God
,
and
the
king
as
the
commons
and
folke
:
out
of
which
are
framed
all
inferior
politicke
corporations
,
trades
,
and
mysteries
,
as
I
partly
touched
in
these
Morals
before
.
From
those
three
,
the
sanctified
,
reasonable
,
and
absolute
bodies
of
all
Commonweales
are
deriued
,
their
soules
being
drawne
from
the
perfect
and
authenticall
religion
,
deliuered
and
approued
in
sacred
Scriptures
;
which
hold
mens
hearts
in
loue
,
feare
,
worship
,
and
obedience
vnto
God
,
to
their
princes
,
and
towards
all
sorts
of
people
.
This
soule
ought
(
as
I
haue
partly
declared
in
the
Morals
of
my
third
booke
)
like
iustice
equally
to
peize
it selfe
,
without
wauing
either
to
the
right
or
to
the
left
hand
,
further
than
is
warranted
by
the
written
word
,
vttered
from
Gods
holy
spirit
by
the
mouths
of
all
our
Patriarchs
,
the
Prophets
,
and
Apostles
.
This
is
the
mightiest
and
most
excellent
charge
,
which
rideth
vpon
the
wings
of
euery
good
kings
soule
,
presenting
him
sanctified
and
without
blemish
before
the
precious
throne
of
God
.
The
king
gouerning
and
preseruing
in
peace
and
good
order
those
nations
and
people
,
which
are
by
Gods
blessed
ordinance
laid
vnder
his
scepter
,
is
properly
called
the
head
of
this
bodie
,
beeing
the
noblest
member
thereof
,
and
placed
in
the
toppe
,
containing
that
rich
treasure
of
all
the
sences
,
exterior
and
interior
:
as
of
imagination
,
vnderstanding
,
memorie
,
and
common
sence
;
whereas
all
other
members
,
beeing
subiect
and
obedient
thereunto
,
be
partakers
of
touch
onely
.
It
likewise
giueth
liuely
faculties
to
the
whole
bodie
,
as
the
Spring
head
doth
to
those
other
riuers
which
are
naturally
deriued
from
it
.
And
therefore
euery
body
without
a
head
wanteth
his
life
and
sence
:
whereas
though
it
want
both
legges
and
armes
,
it
may
liue
and
haue
his
being
,
though
lame
and
miserable
.
In
like
sort
,
all
waters
not
abounding
from
a
Spring
,
are
fennes
,
pooles
,
and
marishes
,
mortified
and
without
motion
:
whereas
if
diuerse
armes
and
riuers
braunching
from
the
head
,
were
taken
away
,
yet
would
a
liuely
facultie
remayne
alwayes
in
the
Spring
.
And
therefore
the
best
Philosophers
and
Physitions
,
as
Aristotle
and
Auicenne
,
accord
herein
,
that
all
sence
and
motion
beginneth
in
the
braine
:
which
being
temperate
,
maketh
a
good
memory
,
which
is
gotten
by
quietnesse
,
by
which
the
memorie
groweth
rich
with
knowledge
.
In
such
similitude
and
order
all
the
perfect
sences
and
motions
of
the
Commonwealth
begin
in
the
prince
;
who
being
temperate
in
himselfe
,
shall
attaine
that
rich
wise
memorie
(
which
is
by
the
Morallists
and
sage
Poets
called
very
properly
the
mother
of
their
nine
Muses
)
and
thereby
,
like
king
Salomon
,
become
perfect
in
all
sapience
and
prudence
.
This
match
is
made
by
tranquilitie
:
for
so
much
as
the
zealous
care
and
studie
to
purchase
peace
,
maketh
euery
king
blessed
and
reuerend
,
and
in
the
presence
and
sight
of
God
,
and
of
his
people
.
Out
of
which
the
glorious
renowne
,
honour
,
and
good
memorie
of
euery
vertuous
prince
groweth
famous
in
the
knowledge
of
all
posteritie
for
euer
:
euen
as
for
their
golden
gouernment
,
king
Salomon
,
and
Octauius
Augustus
were
;
whose
glorie
shall
endure
with
this
worlds
memorie
.
O
what
a
comfort
then
may
rest
with
the
royall
spirits
and
diuine
sences
The
heart
which
contain●…
that
spirit
of
mouing
and
life
,
by
me
formerly
compared
to
the
forme
of
gouernment
being
also
the
sea●…
of
sapience
and
of
intelligence
,
according
to
the
Physicall
saying
,
Corsapit
:
and
that
of
Salomon
,
Da
seruo
tuo
cor
intelligens
,
vt●…sciat
discernere
bonum
à
malo
:
Giue
vnto
thy
seruant
an
vnderstanding
heart
,
to
discerne
or
iudge
betwixt
good
and
euill
:
by
correspondent
faculties
gouerneth
next
to
the
head
in
sence
and
sympathie
:
from
which
(
as
I
said
)
counsell
is
deriued
,
and
by
which
all
the●…e
faculties
are
grounded
in
the
mind
of
man
,
which
I
may
call
The
immed●…
vertue
of
the
sc●…le
:
vpon
which
mans
dignitie
dependeth
,
if
it
be
surely
fastened
in
reason
,
that
mind
being
as
Philosophers
write
,
pure
,
liquid
,
and
diuine
.
Wherefore
the
heart
being
the
precious
casket
or
receptacle
thereof
,
I
doe
resemble
to
the
bodie
of
this
secret
counsell
:
for
as
at
the
time
of
conception
it
is
infused
,
&
hath
his
principall
residence
in
the
heart
:
and
with
it
the
soueraigne
ladie
,
which
is
the
quintessence
thereof
(
being
the
immortall
soule
)
conioyneth
with
it
in
this
mortall
tabernacle
:
so
doth
the
forme
or
state
of
the
Common
wealth
with
religion
establish
themselues
by
the
sapience
of
this
counsell
.
The
members
whereof
as
one
heart
inseparable
should
accord
in
wisdome
,
consultation
,
and
liuely
spirit
,
to
aduance
and
put
in
practise
the
lawes
and
precepts
of
God
and
of
the
king
.
Moreouer
,
to
that
which
is
meditated
and
conceiued
in
the
head
,
this
heart
openeth
,
not
to
discouer
the
mind
,
but
vpon
wise
preconsultation
and
precaution
hauing
fi●…t
●…rtely
sifted
and
discussed
euery
matter
twice
or
thrice
through
the
pure
searle
of
reason
like
gold
repurified
vpon
the
teste
:
till
which
time
it
doth
not
commit
any
thing
to
the
execution
of
arms
,
hands
,
&
fingers
of
the
body
:
the
right
arme
therof
being
analogically
compared
to
the
magistrats
of
●…rie
iustice
;
and
the
left
to
ciuill
ministers
deputed
by
the
king
●…o
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
:
such
as
are
iudges
holding
the
balance
of
equitie
:
which
I
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
●…to
the
left
arme
and
other
meaner
magistrates
supplying
the
place
of
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
.
And
therefore
that
excellent
Law-father
saith
,
that
a
king
is
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
●…it
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
lege
intellectus
regitu●…
;
a
corporall
god
gouerned
by
the
law
Successiuely
the
liuer
,
being
nurse
of
that
bloud
,
which
from
thence
in
great
conduits
issueth
,
and
is
through
little
veins
and
pipes
decently
distributed
vnto
the
members
of
that
bodie
,
resembleth
the
princes
treasure
.
This
beeing
bred
and
nourished
in
euery
part
(
as
it
correspondently
feedeth
and
nourisheth
them
againe
)
doth
harmoniously
keepe
this
politick
body
liuely
and
in
health
,
each
member
according
to
nature
,
in
his
seuerall
functions
imparting
comfort
to
another
:
as
in
the
prince
to
retaine
the
tranquilitie
of
his
subiects
,
appeareth
by
beneuolent
retribution
and
dispensation
of
their
subsidies
,
for
their
vniuersall
prosperitie
.
In
this
alike
as
sapience
or
intelligence
gouerneth
in
the
heart
,
so
doth
the
loue
of
mony
in
the
liuer
,
Cogit
enim
amare
iecur
,
For
the
liuer
procureth
loue
in
creatures
.
And
euen
by
how
much
the
more
bloud
encreaseth
in
the
body
,
so
much
the
more
lust
moueth
in
the
members
,
which
aptly
consenteth
with
that
old
Poeticall
prouerbe
,
Crescit
amor
nummi
quantum
ipsa
pecunia
crescit
:
The
loue
of
money
doth
as
much
encrease
as
the
money
doth
.
Also
the
lungs
I
compare
vnto
lawes
;
because
from
thence
,
as
Auicen
and
Hippocrates
write
,
all
organes
of
the
voice
are
drawne
,
according
to
the
saying
,
Pulmo
loquitur
,
The
liuer
giueth
speech
:
for
the
law
is
not
improperly
called
Oraculum
Reipub.
lying
next
vnto
the
liuer
and
heart
of
the
Commonwealth
:
which
ought
to
be
kept
incorrupt
,
because
it
is
so
full
of
pipes
,
as
by
the
least
contageon
and
putrifaction
therein
,
the
same
wil
infect
&
endanger
the
whole
bodie
:
and
when
those
pipes
are
stopped
,
the
spirit
of
life
&
mouing
is
extinct
,
so
that
the
body
perisheth
.
Semblably
,
when
the
voice
of
the
Commonwealth
and
legall
proceedings
are
stopped
,
which
I
resemble
vnto
those
pipes
:
the
forme
of
policie
(
being
also
compared
to
the
life
of
a
kingdom
)
by
that
default
is
defaced
,
the
whole
bodies
ruine
ensuing
thereupon
.
And
hence
are
those
reuerend
Iudges
which
interprete
those
laws
called
Prudents
and
Sages
,
whose
sentences
haue
formerly
retained
the
same
force
that
lawes
ratified
,
as
is
noted
in
the
beginning
of
my
third
booke
.
The
head
,
which
is
the
rich
treasure-house
of
these
lawes
being
resembled
vnto
the
prince
purely
and
precisely
,
distributeth
and
interpreteth
all
difficulties
,
according
to
the
direction
of
Gods
blessed
grace
and
diuine
spirit
,
which
worketh
in
his
conscience
,
guiding
him
in
the
way
of
truth
with
all
innocencie
and
sinceritie
:
so
that
he
will
not
suffer
any
thing
to
proceed
from
his
iudgement
and
heart
,
in
counterfeisance
or
any
verball
formalitie
to
blind
and
deceiue
the
simpler
sort
,
&
to
satisfie
the
present
impositions
of
his
owne
appetite
,
as
that
wicked
Florentine
secretarie
did
aduise
princes
:
but
it
must
proceed
from
a
sincere
and
iust
heart
,
which
is
liberall
of
the
knowledge
of
equitie
,
with
which
God
hath
enriched
his
heart
,
for
the
weale
of
his
people
,
according
to
Architas
the
Pythagorean
:
Bonum
non
sempèr
Out
of
that
head
,
this
heart
,
that
liuer
,
and
these
lungs
,
are
composed
those
liberall
Artists
and
Philosophers
,
which
in
and
by
them
are
cherished
in
euery
politicke
body
,
such
as
are
instructed
in
Schooles
,
Colledges
,
and
Academies
.
The
loynes
and
thighes
I
resemble
not
vnfitly
to
the
true
Nobilitie
;
vpon
whom
for
their
vertues
meerely
such
honours
are
by
the
prince
diuolued
:
fortifying
and
ennobling
euery
kingdome
with
their
monuments
and
posteritie
:
according
to
the
precise
estimate
and
attribute
of
true
honour
,
which
is
(
as
it
were
)
a
due
reuerence
bestowed
vpon
persons
in
testimoniall
of
their
vertue
,
or
an
externall
token
of
the
Princes
,
or
of
the
peoples
good
opinion
of
him
that
is
honoured
:
being
Essentiall
and
Subiectiue
,
in
respect
of
the
person
which
imparteth
honour
;
Materiall
and
Obiectiue
,
regarding
him
that
receiueth
honour
.
The
ribbes
,
bulke
,
and
other
baser
entrailes
may
bee
likened
to
the
folke
and
meaner
yeomanrie
,
which
guard
and
impale
those
estates
,
being
called
the
bodie
,
which
according
to
Philosophie
(
being
composed
of
that
earthly
kind
of
beginnings
)
serueth
as
a
certaine
vessell
or
receptacle
of
the
mind
:
or
rather
more
properly
the
prison
or
sepulchre
of
those
other
excellent
mentall
perfections
,
which
contaminate
and
infect
them
with
a
grosse
contageon
,
darkening
,
or
obumbrating
those
intellectuall
faculties
with
perturbations
and
deformities
.
Such
are
those
that
acknowledge
no
lawes
nor
order
.
Lastly
,
the
two
legges
which
support
the
whole
substance
of
all
this
little
world
,
are
honest
merchandise
,
and
tillage
,
or
husbandrie
.
Merchandise
consisteth
in
honest
traffique
,
and
barter
,
in
exchange
,
in
exportation
,
and
importation
of
lawfull
goods
,
from
and
to
places
,
lawfull
and
authorized
by
the
commerce
and
intercourse
of
Nations
,
in
league
confederated
with
them
,
and
by
permission
of
their
prince
:
which
kind
of
mercature
is
fitly
likened
to
the
legge
,
because
it
is
exercised
in
trauell
and
seruice
of
the
body
to
bring
in
that
good
,
which
may
supplie
towards
the
generall
benefite
thereof
.
Hence
was
it
,
that
the
Philosophicall
Poets
fained
Mercurius
with
wings
at
his
feete
,
whome
they
tearme
the
God
of
guile
and
merchandize
.
There
are
three
kinds
of
commerce
:
Mercature
,
Vsurie
,
and
Mercenarie
mysteries
:
the
noblest
of
which
is
Mercature
.
Of
Vsur●…e
,
I
haue
heretofore
and
shall
hereafter
(
as
occasion
offereth
)
speake
more
largely
:
the
Mercenarie
trades
are
such
vnliberall
and
slouenly
crafts
,
as
meerely
consist
in
the
bare
workes
and
labour
of
the
bodie
,
according
to
Aristotle
.
Poore
merchants
Bartholomeus
Caepola
writeth
,
and
Marcus
Antonius
in
these
words
.
Tenesne
memoriate
pratextatum
decoxisse
?
Patris
(
inquies
)
ista
culpa
est
:
etenim
est
pietatis
plena
ista
defensio
:
illud
tamen
audaciae
tuae
,
quod
sedisti
in
quatuordecem
ordinibus
cum
esset
lege
Roscia
decoctoribus
certus
locus
constitutus
:
And
herein
appeareth
how
vile
and
odious
this
was
amongst
the
Romanes
,
insomuch
as
if
a
gentleman
which
had
delt
with
merchants
in
their
stocke
or
cash
,
and
broke
in
credit
or
promise
,
the
merchants
did
presently
protest
against
his
credit
,
and
proclaime
him
,
fallen
into
the
shame
of
Decoction
,
Plato
in
institutione
reipub
.
writeth
how
merchants
and
agents
in
traffique
are
most
behoouefull
in
euery
good
citie
.
The
difference
betwixt
them
according
to
the
legists
,
is
that
a
negotiatour
or
agent
is
hee
that
buieth
commodities
,
selling
them
againe
without
alteration
of
their
propertie
:
such
are
they
which
transport
and
batter
for
tinne
,
copper
,
yron
,
raw
silkes
,
wooll
,
or
woollen-clothes
;
with
such
like
which
they
sell
againe
in
the
same
nature
.
Those
are
properly
called
merchants
which
buy
these
commodities
,
selling
them
altered
into
certaine
instruments
,
or
implements
:
as
ordinance
,
belles
,
vessels
,
stuffes
of
silke
,
clothes
,
and
garments
;
with
other
ingenuous
Husbandrie
being
that
other
support
or
tressle
of
this
politike
body
(
which
consisteth
of
pasturage
or
tillage
)
may
be
worthily
thought
the
right
legge
:
and
therefore
according
to
the
prouerbe
I
should
haue
set
foorth
the
right
leg
first
.
Howbeit
there
is
not
any
great
difference
,
yet
Cicero
specially
commendeth
this
exercise
both
in
his
booke
of
old
age
;
and
in
his
first
of
Offices
,
saying
,
that
it
is
the
fruitfullest
and
sweetest
of
all
temporall
labours
which
yeeld
benefit
,
and
best
befitting
an
honest
man
.
And
likewise
to
Pomponius
Atticus
.
Nihil
ad
sapientis
vitam
agrieultur
aproximè
videtur
accedere
,
habet
enim
rationem
cum
terra
quae
nunquam
recusat
imperium
;
nec
vnquam
sine
vsura
reddit
quod
accipit
.
I
will
not
stand
vpon
this
being
so
much
writ
vpon
,
and
knowen
:
onely
that
honour
and
reputation
(
which
was
anciently
giuen
vnto
it
)
is
notable
.
For
fome
Romane
Emperours
with
their
victorious
hands
,
did
hold
the
plough
;
did
cast
corne
into
the
ground
,
did
plant
,
and
did
measure
land
with
as
great
obseruation
and
intention
,
as
they
would
in
time
of
warre
busie
themselues
in
limiting
,
squaring
,
fashioning
,
and
quartering
their
battailes
and
armies
:
exercising
with
as
much
industrie
and
pleasure
,
the
spade
and
mattocke
,
as
in
heate
of
youth
,
their
swords
and
launces
.
Such
were
Cincinnatus
,
Serranus
,
Portius
Cato
.
Also
the
Fabij
,
Lentuli
,
Cicerones
which
had
their
names
of
pease
,
of
beanes
,
and
pulse
in
sowing
of
which
graine
,
each
of
them
or
their
auncesters
had
exceeding
knowledge
:
albeit
,
most
renowmed
warriours
.
Cicero
likewise
writeth
of
Martinius
Dentatus
,
who
did
triumph
ouer
the
Sabians
and
Samnites
,
and
yet
contented
himselfe
with
a
little
land
,
and
some
few
cattell
.
Gaudenti
terra
vomere
laureato
,
&
triumphali
aratore
.
The
land
reioycing
in
a
laureate
plough
,
and
in
a
ploughman
which
had
borne
triumph
from
the
warres
.
Semblably
we
reade
that
Deiotarus
king
of
Armenia
was
a
most
diligent
husbandman
,
and
Xenophon
obserueth
in
the
life
of
Cirus
,
how
painefull
hee
was
in
tillage
and
rusticall
labour
.
For
it
is
manifest
that
out
of
such
folke
very
strong
and
apt
souldiers
are
chosen
and
enabled
for
the
warres
,
because
through
laborious
exercise
,
their
bodies
are
better
knit
and
confirmed
in
health
and
strength
,
then
either
merchants
or
artificers
which
dwell
in
the
walled
townes
.
And
hence
was
it
that
the
Romanes
erected
without
the
city
,
those
temples
to
their
saint
of
Medecine
Esculapius
,
constantly
beleeuing
and
meaning
that
villagers
were
in
better
health
then
citizens
;
or
such
as
inhabited
walled
townes
.
They
which
haue
written
of
the
dignities
of
agriculture
and
husbandrie
were
Chares
,
Parius
,
Hesiodus
,
Apoll●…dorus
,
and
Lemnius
in
the
Greeke
language
,
amongst
the
Latines
,
Cato
,
Varro
,
Columella
,
Virgillius
,
&c.
And
in
this
order
according
to
my
weake
inuention
and
iudgement
haue
I
fashioned
,
and
appropriated
the
politike
parts
and
members
of
a
Common-wealth
:
hauing
also
giuen
soule
and
life
vnto
it
.
Now
for
as
much
as
it
behooueth
needfully
,
that
these
members
vnder
one
head
,
and
of
one
body
,
should
harmoniously
conuerse
and
consent
in
loue
and
sympathie
(
which
nature
teacheth
in
our
owne
bodies
,
by
the
compassion
and
succour
that
one
member
hath
of
and
in
another
;
by
supplying
health
to
the
common
defects
;
and
mutually
mitigating
the
maladies
in
themselues
,
with
a
kind
of
reciprocall
tolleration
,
passion
and
consent
indifferently
)
I
will
speake
somewhat
of
that
vnitie
which
God
out
of
his
infinite
benignitie
offereth
and
teacheth
vnto
vs
of
this
nation
,
so
coupled
and
aduned
vnder
your
highnesses
sanctified
scepter
.
The
lawes
of
nature
as
I
said
teach
vs
how
pleasant
and
consonant
it
is
with
the
spirit
of
life
,
that
all
members
accord
in
affection
and
mutuall
aide
one
towards
another
.
Since
therefore
it
hath
pleased
the
true
wisedome
and
omnipotent
grace
of
God
,
to
make
of
these
two
kingdomes
one
bodie
vnder
one
head
:
meseemeth
it
should
not
sticke
in
any
mans
opinion
,
how
the
same
can
any
way
prooue
vnfit
or
vnprofitable
.
Which
diuerse
,
more
vpon
peruerse
opinion
,
than
any
reasonable
consideration
,
impudently
seeme
to
beleeue
.
But
the
wiser
sort
(
which
though
fewest
in
number
,
are
soundest
in
iudgement
)
perfectly
know
the
contrarie
.
In
magna
namquè
repub.
multa
&
varia
ingenia
sunt
:
For
the
wits
of
people
in
a
great
Commonwealth
be
variable
and
many
:
Yea
,
such
as
are
of
repugnant
opinions
:
considering
therefore
,
that
by
nature
euery
bodie
hath
one
head
onely
;
like
one
roote
,
from
which
many
braunches
vnited
in
one
tree
,
doe
spring
(
if
it
be
not
a
monstrous
bodie
)
so
semblably
should
each
head
haue
but
one
bodie
:
for
how
deformed
and
horrible
were
it
in
the
sight
of
nature
,
that
one
head
should
haue
two
bodies
:
especially
,
whereas
they
bee
knit
by
nature
from
the
beginning
,
as
these
kingdomes
both
in
one
roote
,
being
all
members
of
one
bodie
,
from
the
first
vnited
,
then
seuered
againe
by
the
great
and
most
mysticall
prouidence
of
Almightie
God
,
and
now
reunited
in
your
Maiesties
blessed
gouernment
,
for
the
accomplishment
of
Gods
vnreuealeable
,
and
incomprehensible
iudgement
?
Since
therefore
we
draw
together
in
one
yoake
,
wee
may
not
separate
by
dissent
,
some
with
their
stiffe
neckes
behind
,
and
others
with
their
obedient
heads
before
:
for
oxen
yoaked
in
such
sort
,
can
neuer
tyll
the
land
,
nor
tread
out
the
corne
,
but
leaue
it
barren
,
and
out
of
order
.
For
it
is
impossible
,
that
the
labour
should
succeede
well
,
when
some
kicke
with
their
heeles
,
when
they
should
haue
drawne
with
their
heads
,
making
a
distraction
so
much
more
violent
through
their
disobedience
,
by
how
much
more
force
there
is
in
them
that
are
so
distracted
:
and
from
hence
breaketh
out
the
ruine
and
confusion
of
all
good
gouernment
and
policie
:
which
answereth
to
the
saying
of
our
Sauiour
Christ
,
Omne
regnum
in
se
diuisum
desolabitur
:
Euery
kingdome
diuided
in
it selfe
becommeth
desolate
.
And
if
this
should
happen
,
against
which
all
good
men
should
make
their
deprecations
,
that
God
might
auert
the
calamitie
,
which
would
impend
it
.
Doubtlessely
,
the
same
cannot
but
proceede
from
our
owne
maleuolence
,
and
peruerse
distortion
,
according
to
that
true
saying
of
Salust
:
Vbi
boni
mores
,
nunquam
discordia
nec
auaritia
:
vbi
auaritia
,
nunquam
boni
mores
nec
vera
concordia
,
&c.
Where
good
manners
,
and
honest
fashions
are
vsed
,
neither
can
discord
nor
auarice
bee
found
:
but
where
auarice
reigneth
,
you
shall
neuer
find
good
manners
,
nor
true
charitie
.
And
therefore
let
vs
watch
and
pray
,
that
wee
fall
not
into
discord
at
any
time
after
this
our
blessed
vnion
,
composed
by
that
sacred
and
most
charitable
hand
of
our
liege
soueraigne
,
least
by
those
disastrous
means
we
become
fearfull
of
those
nations
,
whom
otherwise
we
may
retaine
in
due
fear
of
vs
.
Turne
we
therefore
with
ioyfull
vnanimitie
one
towards
another
,
and
let
vs
which
haue
receiued
much
light
and
true
glory
from
so
gracious
&
powerfull
a
king
,
detest
all
malicious
factions
and
distractions
;
which
assuredly
breake
out
of
minds
and
spirits
bare
of
honour
,
and
abiect
vnto
themselues
in
all
vnworthinesse
;
which
are
persuaded
,
that
auarice
and
ambition
are
the
truest
dignities
in
man
,
more
than
all
his
other
mentall
and
intellectuall
faculties
.
Firmanda
sunt
igitur
concordiae
vincula
,
&
discordiae
mala
expellenda
:
Let
vs
For
it
hath
beene
our
auncient
honour
and
the
Brittaine
glorie
,
recorded
of
this
Nation
by
Cornelius
Tacitus
:
Commune
periculum
concordia
propulsandum
cognouere
Britanni
,
in
vit.
Iul.
Agricolae
.
The
Brittaines
by
their
mutuall
and
intestine
concord
knew
well
how
to
repell
all
common
dangers
to
themselues
.
Vnite
we
therefore
cheerefully
:
for
according
to
Socrates
,
this
vnion
of
a
Commonwealth
is
the
very
worke
and
scope
of
friendship
:
and
such
as
are
true
friends
,
Ettam
●…b
vehementiam
amoris
cupiunt
connasci
,
&
vnum
ex
duobus
fieri
:
Desire
euen
in
the
vehement
heate
of
their
loue
to
bee
borne
together
againe
,
and
one
entire
to
be
made
out
of
two
bodies
.
Which
vnion
or
communion
of
the
lawes
and
liberties
,
with
other
emoluments
,
answerable
to
the
rule
of
need
and
decencie
,
is
confirmed
by
discipline
,
and
discipline
comprehended
in
the
Lawes
,
and
in
Philosophie
.
When
England
and
Scotland
were
separated
,
yet
were
they
brethren
:
for
in
one
Prouerbe
they
did
consent
,
That
England
was
the
elder
,
and
Scotland
the
younger
brother
.
And
of
late
yeares
their
accord
was
so
naturall
,
prognosticating
this
indissoluble
vnion
,
that
to
the
breake-necke
spight
of
our
enemies
,
our
late
peace
of
Englands
dauncing
in
spirituall
consolation
,
fed
vpon
that
counsell
which
the
diuine
Psalmist
vttered
,
Ecce
quàm
bonum
&
quàm
iucundum
est
fratres
habit
are
in
vnum
.
And
in
the
dayes
of
our
fathers
,
when
any
iarres
happened
betwixt
vs
,
they
were
such
cauils
or
emulations
rather
,
as
commonly
fall
amongst
brethren
:
which
though
they
bee
much
violent
for
the
time
,
yet
they
continue
but
a
little
time
:
and
now
the
title
of
brethren
is
gone
,
in
respect
of
the
body
politicke
,
for
wee
bee
much
neerer
than
before
.
Hengist
hath
married
with
Scota
,
euen
as
Henry
your
Maiesties
royall
father
,
the
sonne
of
L.
Matthew
Stuarte
,
and
of
Ladie
Margaret
,
who
married
with
your
mother
Mary
(
daughter
to
king
Iames
the
fourth
,
and
to
the
Dutchesse
of
Longueuille
)
after
the
death
of
her
first
husband
king
Frauncis
the
second
,
grandchild
by
the
first
ventre
vnto
that
good
prince
of
renowned
memorie
,
king
Henry
the
seuenth
,
as
your
Highnesses
father
was
by
the
second
ventre
:
so
that
it
may
most
fitly
be
said
concerning
that
blessed
coniunction
of
those
two
faire
and
peaceable
planets
.
Nuper
ex
atrocissimis
bellorum
ciuilium
vulneribus
paulispèr
respirantem
amplexi
sunt
libertatem
huius
insulae
,
Iacobus
quartus
&
Margareta
Scotorum
coniugio
sociati
,
&c.
Out
of
the
late
most
bitter
wounds
of
ciuile
warres
,
Iames
the
fourth
and
Margaret
(
being
knit
in
wedlocke
together
)
haue
embraced
the
liberties
of
this
Island
,
euen
when
it
began
to
faint
and
draw
a
weake
breath
.
This
happie
marriage
of
those
two
beneuolent
planets
portendeth
the
weale
of
Christendome
:
for
in
it
by
a
double
vnion
twice
vnited
in
bloud
:
once
by
the
sacred
vnion
of
the
two
royall
families
of
Yorke
and
Lancaster
,
and
after
by
that
second
vnion
in
marriage
,
of
a
daughter
and
a
sonne
;
that
a
mother
,
and
this
a
father
,
both
of
them
out
of
the
bodies
of
king
Henry
and
Queene
Elizabeth
,
is
this
match
made
betwixt
Hengyst
and
Scota
,
more
firme
than
euer
at
the
first
,
when
Brutus
raigned
ouer
them
,
before
their
separation
in
the
persons
of
Locryn
and
Albanact
:
Iam
non
sunt
duo
,
sed
caro
vna
.
Which
sacred
circumscription
was
figured
and
stamped
in
a
peece
of
coyne
of
your
late
royall
parents
,
vpon
their
vnion
,
figuratiuely
presaging
this
vnion
also
.
Since
therefore
these
nations
thus
coupled
in
one
bodie
,
be
both
of
them
knit
vp
in
your
Maiesties
royall
person
and
posteritie
,
there
is
not
any
doubt
,
but
that
they
will
liue
,
loue
,
and
accord
in
sincere
vnitie
together
,
perfecting
and
accomplishing
that
generall
peace
of
conscience
,
which
was
begun
and
yet
continued
from
the
first
of
your
Maiesties
late
dearest
sister
her
beginning
in
reigne
,
euen
to
this
instant
,
of
your
gracious
gouernment
:
your
Highnesse
representing
the
person
of
this
auncient
Brittaine
,
comprehending
the
new
spouse
Scotland
within
your
princely
bodie
(
though
your
royall
residence
be
kept
with
vs
,
as
in
the
bride-groomes
chamber
)
hath
that
vbiquitie
by
God
graunted
you
,
touching
the
ciuile
supremacie
which
his
omnipotencie
retaineth
ouer
all
creatures
.
For
though
your
Grace
(
being
head
)
doe
not
really
touch
certaine
parts
of
your
Commonwealths
bodie
,
yet
that
power
and
vertue
which
is
contained
in
your
heart
,
liuer
,
and
lungs
,
doth
gouerne
and
moderate
in
those
places
,
by
direction
of
that
head
,
which
commaundeth
and
predominateth
all
the
members
:
insomuch
,
as
they
neede
not
say
,
that
the
bridegroome
is
taken
from
them
,
and
that
they
shall
fast
,
because
they
conuerse
with
him
in
power
,
feasting
with
vs
vnder
his
goodnesse
:
for
wee
bee
children
of
the
bride-chamber
all
alike
.
And
it
is
not
to
bee
doubted
,
but
that
this
new
bride
will
declare
her
true
loue
and
loyall
demeanure
towards
her
husband
,
whatsoeuer
sedicious
or
malecontented
spirits
mistrust
or
misconster
:
for
shee
is
from
the
first
bud
of
her
youth
acquainted
with
her
husband
,
hauing
a
perfect
and
infallible
notice
by
long
tryall
,
and
hath
sincerely
plighted
her
faith
.
What
is
he
then
worthie
,
that
would
in
the
roote
of
all
bitternesse
seuer
the
barke
from
the
tree
by
nefarious
breach
of
this
blessed
vnion
,
that
I
may
speake
vulgarly
,
sowing
the
seede
of
dissention
of
intestine
garboyle
and
burlyment
amongst
auncient
brethren
,
by
making
the
peaceable
members
of
one
bodie
to
rebell
against
themselues
,
and
against
the
will
of
God
?
Let
them
that
haue
scarcely
sucked
so
much
as
of
the
vile
dregs
of
nature
iudge
hereof
.
For
if
two
weake
ones
vnited
make
a
competent
strength
,
then
certainely
,
two
nations
so
combined
and
of
such
force
,
beeing
seuerall
,
(
such
as
haue
borne
battaile
,
and
confounded
the
puissantest
princes
of
Christendome
)
may
very
well
grow
most
mightie
by
their
vnited
force
:
whereas
if
they
should
not
now
confirme
themselues
in
vnfained
amitie
,
which
God
hath
commaunded
,
it
must
necessarily
follow
,
that
it
had
beene
a
million
fold
better
for
them
,
that
they
neuer
had
knit
in
that
nuptiall
band
together
:
for
then
will
they
both
of
them
loose
their
owne
forces
,
in
mutuall
resistance
opening
their
glories
to
the
spoyle
of
base
and
despised
enemies
.
We
now
stand
one
in
more
need
of
another
,
than
euer
we
did
before
,
if
wee
consider
it
,
and
onely
because
we
haue
incorporated
our
hearts
,
lawes
,
and
obediences
together
vnder
one
God
and
one
King
,
which
hath
not
beene
of
so
many
hundred
yeeres
past
.
Nam
vtrumque
per
se
indigens
,
alterum
alterius
auxilio
indiget
:
For
both
of
them
being
single
,
and
standing
in
some
neede
of
succour
,
may
stand
one
the
other
in
steede
with
their
owne
succours
.
This
if
wee
ponder
with
franke
and
honourable
accord
,
and
shall
ioyfully
rouse
vp
and
vnite
our
noble
spirits
,
together
with
all
heroycall
obedience
and
true
magnanimitie
,
vnder
our
dread
Soueraigne
,
for
him
against
his
enemies
,
as
we
haue
alreadie
done
our
kingdomes
:
for
if
we
will
endeuour
and
accommodate
our selues
but
to
this
our
blessing
of
vnitie
,
which
euery
vaine
foole
(
vnlesse
the
false
tempter
bewitch
him
)
will
apprehend
with
all
comfort
,
profered
from
so
sweete
,
good
,
and
gracious
hands
of
the
Lord
of
our
hoastes
:
then
Neque
orbis
Hereof
let
vs
prudently
consider
,
being
a
matter
of
such
high
consequence
:
for
no
mans
imagination
,
apprehension
,
precaution
,
or
prouidence
can
bee
so
strong
in
this
case
,
as
is
requisite
;
Nam
de
futuro
nemo
omnium
satis
callidus
prudensque
est
.
Let
vs
therefore
prudently
consider
,
and
it
shall
appeare
,
how
both
these
kingdomes
(
which
were
so
long
seuered
heretofore
)
haue
beene
from
the
first
remembrance
which
is
remayning
of
this
Island
,
since
it
was
first
inhabited
by
Brutus
,
(
who
shared
it
amongst
his
sonnes
)
and
after
him
long
and
many
times
made
one
bodie
:
and
how
standeth
then
the
present
state
of
them
in
comparison
?
Euen
as
one
auncient
tree
lopped
off
from
the
bole
:
wherein
by
processe
of
time
,
diuers
old
Danish
,
Saxon
,
and
French
graffes
haue
beene
planted
,
which
take
their
vertue
from
the
roote
of
that
ancient
Brittaine
stocke
,
including
England
,
Scotland
,
and
Wales
,
by
times
continuance
reincorporate
,
and
flourishing
out
againe
in
one
fruitfull
tree
.
So
that
in
the
persons
of
your
Grace
,
and
of
your
sweete
spouse
(
in
whome
the
fruits
of
all
these
nations
now
prosper
)
these
seuerall
plants
graciously
sprout
out
on
high
,
like
the
sweete
Cedars
in
Salomons
forrests
:
which
shortly
by
transportation
or
inoculation
of
their
sprigs
into
other
kingdomes
,
may
beare
rule
and
preheminence
in
all
the
goodliest
gardens
of
the
world
.
Neyther
can
any
difference
bee
found
in
a
well
seasoned
palate
,
betwixt
that
taste
which
the
fruits
of
these
graffes
yeeld
,
sauing
in
a
little
rellish
,
which
I
compare
to
the
dialect
of
their
languages
,
not
differing
at
all
,
if
you
suite
them
with
that
old
Brittaine
tongue
of
Wales
;
which
notwithstanding
hath
continued
faithfull
so
many
yeeres
vnder
the
Crowne
of
England
.
Since
therefore
the
wall
(
that
deuided
these
two
princely
chambers
,
so
neerely
conioined
before
)
is
now
taken
away
,
and
that
one
maiesticall
lodging
is
made
of
them
both
,
where
the
bride
and
bridegroome
doe
louingly
repose
themselues
together
:
there
is
great
cause
why
we
should
call
vpon
the
daughters
of
Syon
,
(
which
are
meant
by
the
faithfull
,
and
well
affected
,
in
Salomons
Canticles
)
saying
with
cheerefull
hearts
:
Behold
King
Salomon
,
with
the
crowne
where
with
his
mother
crowned
him
in
the
day
of
his
mariage
,
and
in
the
day
of
the
gladnesse
of
his
heart
.
For
though
the
bride
be
blacke
(
as
her
name
importeth
)
like
Concordiaparu●…rescrescunt
,
&c.
Small
matters
are
encreased
by
concord
.
But
hereof
we
neede
not
(
vnder
the
protection
of
God
)
make
doubt
:
for
that
which
is
a
most
comfortable
assurance
to
the
people
of
this
Nation
,
the
knot
which
our
Soueraigne
hath
alreadie
knit
,
is
like
to
proue
indissoluble
.
For
the
spouse
hath
in
the
bodie
of
Queene
Anne
,
that
comely
turtledoue
of
Denmarke
,
long
since
brought
foorth
vnto
the
blessed
bride-groome
diuerse
right
royall
braunches
of
this
vnited
kingdome
:
which
serue
as
faithfull
pledges
and
witnesses
of
their
inuiolable
loue
and
vnitie
.
Nay
,
shee
hath
sealed
it
vpon
the
lippes
of
her
husband
with
a
kisse
,
which
kisse
can
neuer
be
forgotten
.
Shee
hath
kissed
his
lippes
alreadie
;
from
thence
hath
she
sucked
honey
and
my●…rhe
,
proclaiming
,
that
her
beloued
is
hers
and
shee
his
.
Shee
shall
therefore
like
a
new
wedded
spouse
,
forget
her
fathers
house
and
name
,
and
bee
called
after
her
husband
:
who
,
because
he
will
haue
a
paritie
correspondent
in
all
meekenesse
,
ass●…eth
to
himselfe
the
name
of
Brutus
,
from
whom
as
from
their
great
grandsire
,
both
Hengyst
and
Scota
were
delined
.
This
auncient
name
is
the
true
name
,
and
the
nobler
title
,
because
it
is
more
ample
;
and
yet
a
new
name
,
and
of
late
:
for
what
is
it
in
the
course
of
Nature
,
Which
is
,
and
hath
not
beene
,
or
hath
not
beene
,
and
shall
be
?
As
Salomon
in
that
sence
so
sagely
sentenced
:
for
one
generation
passeth
,
and
another
commeth
.
The
righteousnesse
hereof
shall
breake
foorth
as
a
light
,
and
the
saluation
which
commeth
thereof
,
as
a
burning
lampe
.
And
as
the
Prophet
Esay
diuining
of
our
Sauiour
said
:
so
may
we
not
improperly
applie
the
same
to
your
Highnesse
,
beeing
not
his
steward
onely
,
but
the
constant
and
faithfull
champion
and
defender
of
his
Gospell
:
The
Gentiles
shall
see
thy
righteousnesse
,
and
all
kings
thy
glorie
:
and
thou
shalt
be
called
by
a
new
name
,
which
the
mouth
of
the
Lord
shall
name
thee
:
thou
shalt
also
be
a
crowne
of
glorie
in
the
hand
of
the
Lord
,
and
a
royall
diademe
in
the
hand
of
thy
God
.
And
vnto
Scota
thus
much
for
her
comfort
:
Shee
shall
be
no
more
forsaken
:
neither
shall
it
be
said
any
more
to
that
land
desolate
,
but
thou
shalt
bee
called
Hephzibah
,
and
thy
lands
Beulah
,
for
the
Lord
delighteth
in
thee
,
and
thy
land
shall
haue
a
husband
:
for
as
a
young
man
marrieth
a
virgine
,
so
shall
thy
sonnes
marrie
with
thee
:
and
as
a
bridegroome
is
glad
of
his
bride
,
so
shall
thy
God
reioyce
in
thee
,
&c.
This
is
that
blessing
which
hath
beene
so
long
prediuined
and
promised
:
so
that
our
auncestors
in
many
fore-passed
ages
haue
heartely
longed
to
see
the
same
,
but
could
not
.
Let
vs
therefore
,
which
haue
gotten
this
iewell
,
highly
rate
and
esteeme
it
:
and
as
we
wish
for
the
continuance
of
that
peace
which
dependeth
thereupon
,
so
let
vs
embrace
and
defend
the
same
:
least
the
prouerbe
bee
verefied
amongst
vs
,
with
our
calamitie
,
That
Enuie
succeedeth
our
first
glorie
:
that
we
make
not
foes
of
our
fellowes
,
and
fellowes
of
our
foes
.
Accord
we
therefore
with
ioyfull
endeauours
in
vnanimitie
,
because
peace
and
friendship
cannot
possibly
reigne
together
in
people
of
diuerse
and
variable
minds
.
Let
vs
esteeme
our selues
all
alike
in
liberti●…
,
without
ambicious
crowding
or
thronging
in
for
prioritie
;
ascribing
all
earthly
power
and
preheminence
to
the
Soueraign
of
our
nation
,
and
liuing
togeher
as
men
commorant
in
one
familie
,
Qui
eodem
igne
&
fumo
vtuntur
,
&c.
Let
vs
like
those
auncient
noble
Romanes
dilate
and
propagate
our
honours
by
sociable
amitie
,
rather
than
to
repine
at
any
iust
and
profitable
equalitie
,
to
the
pernicious
confusion
and
ruine
of
our
estates
in
generall
.
Thus
shall
wee
stirie
vp
our
discont●…nted
spirits
,
if
in
vs
any
such
wild●…e
of
ambition
reigne
,
to
maintaine
,
to
protect
,
and
to
glorifie
those
liberties
which
we
possesse
:
and
by
these
meanes
shall
no
forraine
enemies
dare
to
complain
or
repine
against
any
thing
in
vs
,
but
of
our
greatnesse
and
amplitude
.
By
these
meanes
shall
good
fashions
bee
followed
,
ciuill
and
martiall
exercises
embraced
and
practised
,
concord
and
firme
amitie
shall
be
confirmed
and
encreased
inuiolably
both
amongst
our selues
,
our
old
friends
,
and
new
confederates
.
This
if
we
shall
presently
ponder
and
put
in
practise
with
the
true
vigour
of
our
vertues
,
then
shall
we
not
haue
cause
to
curse
our
owne
imaginations
and
foresights
,
like
foolish
pilotes
,
which
when
a
tempest
is
apparant
and
alreadie
begun
,
lamentably
threaten
,
and
(
as
it
were
)
aftertell
of
the
calamitie
,
setting
men
to
worke
,
when
all
humane
hopes
are
past
:
or
like
to
the
imprudent
gouernours
of
cities
,
which
when
the
first
sedicious
sparkes
are
kindled
,
and
breake
forth
to
the
ruine
of
their
states
,
(
which
otherwise
might
haue
beene
antiuerted
by
their
precaution
)
spend
the
remnant
of
their
time
of
succour
in
wayling
and
weeping
.
But
if
my
zeale
carie
mee
too
farre
,
to
make
a
question
of
that
which
many
peraduenture
wise
do
think
needlesse
and
impertinent
,
I
craue
pardon
,
assuring
my selfe
,
that
the
diuell
,
beeing
confusion
himselfe
,
will
bee
very
busie
to
make
a
disorder
amongst
the
people
of
God
,
that
he
might
supplant
the
root
of
our
true
Christian
glory
.
Since
therfore
the
blessed
time
of
our
vnion
is
accomplished
and
perfected
,
we
shall
not
need
to
doubt
,
but
that
this
our
bride
and
bridegroome
shal
flourish
like
a
garden
inclosed
,
and
abound
in
precious
vertue
like
a
spring
and
fountain
of
happinesse
,
which
is
sealed
vp
.
Neither
is
it
to
bee
doubted
or
imagined
,
which
Shall
any
man
then
amongst
the
people
of
your
Maiesties
Nations
bee
so
stubborne
,
as
to
withstand
this
diuine
ordinance
,
or
so
proud
amongst
the
seditious
,
that
dare
appeale
from
this
so
charitable
and
peaceable
decree
?
For
besides
,
that
royall
Maiestie
shall
discountenance
him
,
the
very
Cannon
of
those
ciuile
lawes
which
are
approued
&
established
throughout
all
Christendome
vniuersally
,
shall
vtterly
condemne
them
by
that
prerogatiue
which
is
granted
to
your
Highnesse
in
these
words
:
Rex
Angliae
est
monarcha
in
suo
regno
,
à
cuius
Since
therefore
this
head
including
your
regall
grace
,
being
prudently
busied
in
continuall
contemplation
,
premeditation
,
&
conference
of
things
past
,
present
,
and
to
come
,
(
which
are
noted
to
be
the
very
faculties
of
prudence
)
doth
with
a
zealous
and
pastorall
care
tender
vnto
the
heart
,
being
the
iewell-house
of
vnderstanding
and
sapience
,
the
weale
of
this
politicall
body
,
which
it
by
mature
deliberation
disgesteth
for
the
chiefe
good
thereof
:
euen
as
the
liuer
with
bloud
,
the
vocall
organes
and
arme
of
iustice
by
pronounciation
and
distribution
of
the
lawes
,
and
euery
part
in
his
particular
function
is
ayding
towards
the
preseruation
hereof
in
health
and
tranquilitie
:
so
should
this
head
,
with
all
these
mentall
faculties
,
and
that
body
with
all
his
members
conioyntly
labour
aboue
all
things
to
preserue
the
soule
pure
and
blemishlesse
:
for
onely
by
that
grace
the
countenance
(
which
is
the
exterior
pulchritude
of
this
head
)
is
made
cheerefull
,
as
saith
Salomon
:
by
this
the
heart
receiueth
vigor
and
courage
,
the
liuer
a
long
life
;
the
lights
,
which
are
indeed
the
very
lights
of
this
politicke
bodie
receiue
illumination
and
power
:
for
out
of
the
mouths
of
very
babes
and
sucklings
the
strength
thereof
shall
be
deliuered
,
as
it
was
by
little
Daniell
.
By
this
the
hands
are
made
strong
,
and
the
fingers
●…ght
to
breake
a
bow
of
steele
:
this
couereth
the
bodie
with
fatnesse
,
girdeth
the
loynes
with
gladnesse
,
and
poureth
marrow
into
the
bones
:
lastly
,
this
maketh
the
feete
of
that
bodie
like
Harts
feete
,
swift
and
liuely
,
for
transportation
and
inuection
of
all
commodities
and
earthly
blessings
,
making
the
whole
bodie
strong
and
lustie
,
like
an
Eagle
.
This
is
the
consummation
and
perfection
of
all
the
first
and
last
of
Gods
blessings
in
euery
kingdome
,
to
preserue
the
soule
,
being
the
true
religion
,
spotlesse
,
and
without
schismes
or
heresies
,
so
neere
as
the
princes
wisedome
can
.
Which
your
sacred
Maiesty
,
to
the
most
high
pleasure
of
God
,
to
the
Commonweale
of
his
Church
,
and
to
the
vnspeakable
comfort
of
your
people
,
haue
done
in
your
royall
edicts
and
prouisions
against
the
Papists
and
Puritanes
within
your
realmes
and
dominions
.
Without
this
zeale
and
studious
worship
of
God
,
we
well
know
,
that
all
the
mentall
faculties
,
which
are
guided
by
the
light
of
naturall
reason
(
with
all
the
vertues
intellectuall
)
and
spirit
of
liuing
,
are
all
of
them
mortified
in
man
.
And
therefore
your
Maiesties
sanctitie
and
pietie
shineth
amongst
the
members
of
this
bodie
,
which
are
set
to
continuall
care
and
diligence
,
how
to
keepe
a
cleane
soule
within
a
sound
bodie
,
against
the
time
when
our
annoynted
Sauiour
and
shepheard
shall
call
the
kings
of
this
earth
(
which
are
his
Officers
vnder
him
)
to
bring
in
their
flockes
,
then
in
the
first
ranke
shall
your
Grace
(
being
one
of
his
best
stewards
)
deliuer
vp
out
of
your
two
faire
sheepefolds
,
Brittaine
,
and
Ireland
,
the
fairest
and
goodliest
troupe
in
obedience
and
number
,
with
cleere
white
fleeces
of
pure
wooll
,
sound
and
entire
,
before
the
blessed
Lambe
immaculate
,
that
your
Highnesse
may
with
them
receiue
the
wages
of
eternall
life
before
the
most
high
and
euer-liuing
God
:
which
great
audite
,
how
soone
it
will
bee
summoned
,
and
how
suddaine
(
since
it
is
hidden
in
that
vnreuealeable
booke
of
Gods
incomprehensible
mysteries
from
humane
knowledge
)
it
behooueth
all
princes
,
that
they
haue
their
accounts
readie
,
least
they
beeing
taken
vnprouided
,
bee
cast
out
with
the
wicked
and
reprobate
sheepheards
of
Israell
.
Since
therefore
God
hath
preuented
your
Grace
with
the
blessings
of
goodnesse
,
and
hath
set
a
crowne
of
pure
gold
vpon
your
head
:
since
hee
hath
graunted
vnto
you
long
life
euen
for
euer
and
euer
:
since
your
honour
Gird
then
thy
sword
vnto
thy
thigh
,
O
thou
most
mightie
,
according
to
thy
worship
and
renowne
.
Good
lucke
haue
thou
with
thine
honour
,
ride
on
,
because
of
the
word
of
truth
,
of
meekenesse
,
and
of
righteousnesse
,
and
thy
right
hand
shall
teach
thee
terrible
things
:
for
thine
arrowes
are
sharpe
,
and
will
subdue
those
people
that
are
thine
enemies
,
thy
seate
is
euerlasting
,
and
thy
scepter
righteous
:
for
thou
louest
equitie
,
loathing
iniquitie
,
therefore
hath
God
annointed
thee
with
the
oyle
of
gladnesse
aboue
thy
fellowes
.
Hence
is
it
,
that
thou
art
fairer
than
the
children
of
men
:
hence
is
it
,
that
thy
lippes
ouerflow
with
grace
,
because
God
hath
euerlastingly
blessed
thee
.
Then
with
a
valiant
courage
,
and
diuine
spirit
from
aboue
,
wee
may
liue
to
see
your
blessed
Grace
,
aduauncing
your selfe
in
the
name
of
God
like
Iudas
Maccab●…s
in
his
holy
warres
against
Gods
enemies
:
which
arose
,
and
like
a
gyant
harnessed
his
breast
,
fitting
himselfe
with
all
his
martiall
furniture
to
fight
,
and
ouer
his
battailes
brandished
victorie
with
his
owne
sword
.
Where
it
is
also
written
,
That
hee
like
a
Lyon
demeaned
himselfe
in
the
conflict
,
or
as
a
Lyons
whelpe
roaring
after
his
prey
.
What
a
glorious
appearance
shall
it
bee
to
the
poore
militant
members
of
Christs
Gospell
,
when
they
shall
see
your
Grace
like
the
Sunne
in
his
glorie
rising
,
and
as
a
bridegroome
,
with
a
countenance
like
the
Cedars
of
Lebanon
,
comming
out
of
his
chamber
amongst
them
,
to
be
their
victorious
guide
,
sent
from
God
,
to
giue
them
victorie
in
battaile
against
the
enemies
of
his
annoynted
:
who
though
Fraunce
bee
called
most
Christian
,
and
Spaine
the
most
Catholicke
king
;
yet
is
our
Brittaine
Lord
the
annoynted
of
our
holy
one
of
Israel
,
the
valiant
and
most
faithfull
champion
,
and
defender
of
the
faith
and
Gospell
of
Christ
Iesus
:
who
when
time
shall
serue
,
like
a
gyant
will
ioy
to
runne
his
course
,
when
the
Lord
of
his
hoasts
shall
put
it
in
his
heart
,
to
giue
a
terrible
allarum
to
his
enemies
.
Then
shall
he
throw
downe
from
their
proud
horses
the
stubborne
&
blasphemous
Gog
and
Magog
,
which
as
the
souldiors
of
Sathan
and
Lucifer
scomefully
subsannate
the
blessed
names
and
mysteries
of
our
sweete
Messias
,
the
God
of
righteousnesse
:
or
like
a
diuine
Dauid
against
the
proud
brazen-headed
Philistine
of
Gath
,
who
reuiled
the
hoast
of
the
liuing
God
:
The
flesh
of
which
reprobates
their
names
are
not
written
in
the
booke
of
life
.
Howbeit
,
your
Grace
,
vnited
with
a
continuall
peace
and
loue
vnto
the
princes
of
Christendome
,
in
a
bond
,
which
cannot
easily
be
broken
,
signifieth
that
vniuersall
peace
,
which
should
happen
immediately
before
the
great
day
of
the
Lord
.
And
therefore
,
as
in
the
reigne
of
Octauian
Augustus
(
vpon
the
birth
of
our
Messias
)
the
voyce
of
a
blessed
Angell
was
heard
singing
,
Gloria
deo
in
excelsis
,
in
terris
pax
&
cum
hominibus
bona
volunt●…s
:
so
in
the
conclusion
of
this
Christian
age
,
which
seemeth
very
neere
her
end
,
your
Grace
may
liue
to
see
that
happie
time
of
our
deliuerance
,
as
the
second
and
last
Octauius
,
but
manifoldly
more
blessed
in
this
Euangelicall
treasure
than
hee
was
:
for
what
can
these
great
and
fatall
coniunctions
of
the
Planets
,
and
those
wonderfull
eclipses
(
which
happened
immediately
before
and
since
your
Graces
imitation
to
this
Crowne
)
portend
,
but
a
great
mutation
or
vniuersall
gaole
deliuerance
of
our
soules
.
Certaine
it
is
to
be
thought
,
that
some
strange
mutation
is
at
hand
,
either
by
grieuous
warres
in
some
parts
,
or
by
diuolutions
or
dissolutions
of
empires
,
but
if
by
warres
,
then
I
beseech
Christ
,
that
I
may
most
auspiciously
augure
against
the
enemies
of
his
Gospell
:
or
if
in
happie
peace
,
then
that
it
may
to
your
Maiesties
endlesse
glorie
continue
,
which
your
Highnesse
hath
alreadie
so
fruitfully
and
confidently
laboured
&
effected
amongst
all
Christian
princes
.
Which
blessed
league
,
if
it
shall
hold
,
what
hope
then
remaineth
,
but
that
the
golden
time
of
our
glorification
is
come
to
the
dore
:
when
this
our
bridegroome
and
bride
(
as
I
said
)
shall
come
with
the
virgines
that
be
her
fellowes
,
conducted
into
the
royall
pallace
,
prepared
for
him
before
the
beginning
of
the
world
.
Which
blessed
couple
incorporate
in
your
Maiesties
sacred
person
,
shall
ioyfully
mount
at
sound
of
the
trumpet
,
attended
with
those
three
wise
virgins
,
whose
lamps
are
full
of
oyle
,
&
lighted
:
to
whom
it
shall
be
opened
when
they
knock
faithfully
,
faith
guiding
hope
,
hope
conducting
charitie
,
but
charitie
(
being
the
most
full
of
grace
and
fauour
)
glorifying
them
both
:
for
in
her
(
as
S.
Paule
sayth
)
is
the
lawfulfilled
,
and
through
her
are
multitudes
of
misdeeds
couered
,
&c.
Which
being
sweetest
of
the
three
sisters
,
will
doubtlessely
conduct
your
Grace
by
the
right
hand
,
because
through
her
,
the
peace
and
vnion
,
amongst
all
that
professe
themselues
the
members
of
Christ
,
is
fruitfully
wrought
and
continually
sought
by
your
Highnesse
:
so
that
vpon
this
second
great
Sabboath
,
bringing
with
it
a
generall
rest
from
all
our
earthly
labours
,
and
a
perpetuall
consolation
in
our
endlesse
praises
and
thankesgiuing
vnto
God
:
when
Gloria
shall
be
sung
in
Excelsis
againe
;
Pax
also
shall
be
found
in
Terris
;
and
that
author
thereof
vnder
God
shall
be
brought
into
the
melodious
chamber
of
that
all
good
,
all
great
,
and
all
holy
bridegroome
,
mentioned
in
the
blessed
Gospell
,
presenting
before
him
a
flocke
well
washed
,
cleane
,
without
infection
,
and
sanctified
,
readie
for
glorification
,
that
they
may
with
their
faithfull
shepheard
sit
at
the
Lambes
supper
in
the
holy
citie
new
Ierusalem
,
where
shall
be
no
more
night
,
neither
light
of
the
Sunne
:
For
the
Lord
giueth
them
light
,
and
they
shall
reigne
for
euer
more
.
Happie
shall
they
be
found
,
which
watch
,
and
blessed
,
that
are
accompanied
with
those
three
wise
virgins
:
I
haue
spoken
(
my
priuate
condition
considered
)
sufficiently
,
to
make
knowne
the
iust
and
godly
grounds
of
this
vnion
:
fearing
,
if
I
should
meddle
further
with
some
cautelous
and
captious
positions
,
suppositions
,
or
oppositions
in
these
cases
,
not
onely
to
be
condemned
of
arrogant
presumption
,
(
which
is
most
detestable
in
all
good
iudgement
and
knowledge
)
but
also
to
be
venemously
scourged
with
the
malicious
snakes
of
enuie
.
Modestie
therefore
enioyneth
mee
to
restraine
my
forwardnesse
in
further
discourse
hereof
:
howbeit
,
in
a
man
that
sitteth
on
the
seate
of
Magistracie
,
this
were
honest
fortitude
,
to
maintaine
vijs
&
modis
quibuscunque
,
without
any
feare
or
respect
of
man
,
discharging
his
dutie
towards
God
,
and
declaring
his
dearest
affection
vnto
that
Commonweale
,
(
by
which
hee
liberally
breatheth
,
and
hath
his
free
being
)
by
the
promulgation
and
faithfull
ouerture
of
his
reason
and
knowledge
in
those
points
remaining
.
It
shall
therefore
suffice
,
least
I
be
taken
with
some
suddaine
conuulsion
,
to
diue
no
deeper
into
this
Ocean
of
concealed
treasure
,
but
onely
to
be
satisfied
in
that
my
reason
hath
alreadie
(
with
the
eyes
of
intelligence
)
beheld
the
bottome
and
ground
of
this
blessed
vnitie
,
which
by
God
is
composed
of
the
rich
pearle
and
golden
sand
of
goodnesse
and
felicitie
:
wishing
to
them
that
are
enabled
with
knowledge
and
authoritie
,
and
which
ought
not
to
be
mooued
with
the
passions
of
feare
or
affection
,
to
bring
vp
from
the
bottome
some
grounds
of
this
hidden
treasure
,
that
the
misbeleeuing
ignorant
(
if
any
be
scrupelous
or
doubtfull
)
may
see
,
beleeue
,
and
embrace
this
happinesse
:
for
they
(
whom
it
befitteth
best
to
●…ppe
vp
furrowes
in
the
mountaiues
,
being
seated
vpon
them
)
may
best
shew
their
eloquence
and
vertues
impulsiue
,
in
laying
open
to
the
sonne
that
which
hath
bene
so
long
concealed
,
if
occasion
herafter
shall
seeme
to
require
the
same
.
With
me
(
that
am
the
meanest
of
a
million
vnder
your
Highnesses
rod
)
it
sitteth
well
to
plough
in
the
valleyes
,
where
euery
man
yeerely
turneth
vp
the
same
glebe
.
Howbeit
,
had
I
said
onely
,
that
this
vnitie
standeth
best
with
the
will
and
wisedome
of
God
(
from
whence
Entheusiastically
beameth
a
diuine
vertue
to
the
prudence
of
all
good
princes
,
receiuing
their
ghostly
consolation
from
him
,
and
by
the
weale
of
his
people
)
which
plentifully
discendeth
vpon
them
through
the
spirit
of
faithfull
prayers
,
and
is
sucked
into
their
soules
by
the
sighes
of
their
louing
feare
of
God
:
or
had
I
said
that
which
I
could
easily
proue
by
politicke
likelyhoods
,
how
within
the
reuolution
of
one
hundred
yeares
,
the
whole
world
(
by
this
gordian
knot
,
which
Alexander
himselfe
could
not
,
if
hee
were
aliue
,
breake
;
being
once
surely
knit
in
our
hearts
by
a
generall
and
faithfull
consent
)
might
bee
made
tributarie
to
this
Monarchie
,
if
the
Brittaines
would
continue
their
loue
so
long
towards
God
,
and
amongst
themselues
:
then
must
it
haue
followed
vpon
necessitie
,
that
the
chiefe
temporall
weale
of
your
Maiesties
people
,
and
a
speciall
meane
vnto
their
spirituall
consolation
,
might
bee
locked
vp
in
this
mysticall
vnion
.
So
that
some
in
their
loue
towards
God
;
others
in
regard
of
that
glorious
calme
at
home
;
diuerse
in
desire
and
hope
of
more
reputation
and
riches
,
euen
all
of
them
for
some
one
or
other
speciall
affection
or
passion
in
themselues
,
which
they
would
haue
satisfied
,
might
ioyfully
giue
to
this
vnion
(
by
your
Highnes
so
graciously
composed
)
a
generall
approbation
&
consent
,
for
their
vniuersall
honour
and
content
.
Now
turning
to
the
Morals
of
Prudence
,
where
I
left
,
I
would
speake
somewhat
summarily
,
respecting
the
conditions
of
magistrats
,
souldiors
,
and
artificers
in
a
Commonwealth
.
I
deeme
him
worthie
to
bee
reputed
a
good
Commonwealths
man
,
that
being
garnished
with
ciuile
vertues
(
as
with
iustice
and
fortitude
,
which
are
in
themselues
moderated
with
prudence
and
temperance
)
can
as
well
in
forraine
places
,
and
in
the
warres
,
as
in
domesticall
and
ciuile
affaires
,
performe
the
parts
of
a
noble
citizen
and
countreyman
.
All
ingenuous
youth
therefore
ought
well
and
painefully
to
be
taught
and
practised
in
the
liberall
Sciences
,
and
exercise
of
Armes
;
to
which
purpose
,
schooles
for
Sciences
liberall
and
palestricall
are
principally
needefull
in
euery
well
gouerned
estate
.
These
things
are
semblably
required
in
the
consideration
of
euery
prudent
Magistrate
:
that
he
see
the
Lawes
obserued
;
Religion
with
all
reuerence
embraced
;
Peace
and
Concord
retained
amongst
citizens
;
all
embers
of
discord
and
faction
extinguished
;
that
each
man
bee
diligent
in
his
lawfull
profession
;
that
no
man
entermeddle
with
the
State
and
Common-wealth
,
before
he
be
called
to
that
dignitie
;
that
Tributes
and
Subsidies
bee
duly
payed
;
that
euery
man
aduenture
his
life
and
substance
in
difficult
seasons
for
the
preseruation
and
safegard
of
his
country
;
that
strangers
in
league
with
their
Commonwealth
,
vse
their
owne
seuerall
trades
and
mysteries
amongst
themselues
,
without
losse
and
impeachment
;
and
that
they
bee
not
inquisitiue
or
ouer-curious
in
matters
of
that
State
where
they
liue
;
but
that
a
vigilant
eye
be
cast
vpon
them
,
to
discerne
of
their
behauiours
and
honesties
towards
all
persons
,
without
intermeddling
in
any
matters
aboue
their
trades
or
professions
,
vehemently
to
defend
the
Church
,
to
prescribe
such
orders
(
when
occasion
shall
require
)
as
may
consent
with
the
lawes
,
and
times
necessitie
:
and
lastly
,
that
those
of
this
Counsell
and
all
other
magistrates
their
inferiors
behaue
themselues
according
to
the
state
and
worth
of
their
places
and
Offices
,
in
a
decent
,
court●…ous
,
modest
,
and
iust
sort
,
not
rudely
,
couetously
,
proudly
,
chu●…lishly
,
nor
cruellie
;
but
to
deale
vprightly
without
any
passion
of
wrath
or
partiall
affection
:
in
rebukes
and
punishments
to
declare
mildnesse
,
and
needfull
iustice
,
attempered
with
competent
seueritie
;
to
punish
malefactors
,
to
reward
men
of
good
desert
,
to
prouide
that
their
cities
bee
furn●…ed
with
all
necessaries
for
their
sustentation
and
fortification
;
as
with
co●…e
and
victuall
,
with
armour
,
and
artillerie
,
against
the
dayes
of
famine
and
warre
;
to
prepare
charitably
for
the
poore
and
afflicted
persons
within
their
cities
and
countries
,
that
they
perish
not
through
want
of
foode
,
but
that
poore
impotent
people
be
relicued
at
all
times
in
hospitals
,
in
spittle
houses
;
and
(
in
times
of
pestilence
)
that
the
poore
artificers
also
,
which
are
not
able
to
maintaine
themselues
without
worke
,
but
are
restrained
at
home
,
may
bee
relieued
by
the
support
and
exhibition
of
the
richer
sort
,
in
those
parishes
where
they
reside
or
soiourne
.
Also
,
that
at
other
times
,
the
poore
able
and
healthfull
bodies
be
set
vnto
conuenient
labor
and
businesse
,
according
to
their
strength
and
cunning
.
Moreouer
,
that
strangers
and
trauellers
from
forraine
parts
,
being
confederate
,
and
in
amitie
with
their
state
,
be
receiued
and
entertained
,
answerable
to
their
worth
and
degrees
(
and
for
the
credite
and
good
report
of
their
Nation
)
with
all
liberall
hospitalitie
.
For
as
Cicero
writeth
,
Est
Reipub.
ornamento
,
homines
externos
hospitalitate
in
vrbe
nostra
non
egere
:
It
is
a
grace
to
our
Commonwealth
,
when
forrainers
are
not
destitute
of
entertainment
and
hospitalitie
within
our
citie
.
And
lastly
,
that
their
whole
care
and
studie
bee
bent
to
maintaine
the
reputation
of
that
Common-wealth
,
where
they
gouerne
vnder
their
prince
.
And
for
as
much
as
it
is
one
speciall
part
of
Prudence
,
and
of
good
policie
,
that
euen
in
the
most
peaceable
times
,
militarie
preparation
and
prouision
be
made
:
as
the
wise
Oeconomicall
father
,
which
in
the
most
foison
and
heat
of
his
haruest
will
store
vp
carefully
for
the
cold
and
barren
season
of
Winter
:
so
is
it
required
in
those
magistrats
of
this
counsell
,
that
(
vpon
suddaine
assaults
and
warning
)
they
bee
carefull
,
and
readie
with
competent
force
to
resist
all
forraine
malice
and
ambition
;
howbeit
,
maturely
to
consult
before
they
leuie
warre
.
If
a
prince
without
shamefull
and
dishonourable
inustion
cannot
auoyde
battaile
,
then
with
great
caution
to
resist
the
common
aduersarie
,
hauing
the
captaines
and
souldiors
readily
prepared
and
trayned
to
fight
,
with
a
noble
valour
and
constancie
:
which
also
must
in
time
of
peace
be
with
sound
deliberation
,
and
vpon
iust
tearmes
prouided
:
likewise
a
warie
prouision
and
speciall
notice
of
such
as
for
their
strength
and
sufficiencie
may
lead
and
commaund
souldiors
.
Moreouer
,
that
in
tranquilitie
(
through
each
dominion
or
prouince
of
the
Commonwealth
within
the
reuolutions
of
three
yeares
)
a
generall
view
or
muster
bee
taken
of
those
persons
which
are
most
able
for
militarie
seruices
;
and
that
a
strict
account
be
made
as
well
of
all
militarie
furniture
,
and
priuate
armour
,
as
of
publicke
,
throughout
the
dominions
:
that
beeing
conferred
diligently
with
the
muster-rolles
of
euery
Shire
or
Countie
,
the
perfect
force
of
men
&
arms
may
be
conferred
and
knowne
:
and
that
(
if
any
defect
be
found
in
either
)
a
prouident
preparation
and
supply
may
be
made
;
and
that
(
whilest
yet
matters
are
in
quiet
)
valiant
and
well
approued
captaines
exercise
the
sufficientest
of
euery
prouince
within
their
seuerall
townes
,
cities
,
and
villages
adiacent
,
once
each
weeke
,
or
euery
ten
dayes
,
by
trayning
&
disciplining
them
in
martiall
practise
at
the
common
charge
for
their
vniuersall
honour
and
defence
:
also
that
ships
be
rigged
,
manned
,
armed
,
dieted
,
and
prouided
of
captaines
,
saylers
,
souldiors
,
victuals
,
and
artillerie
,
to
resist
all
forraine
inuasion
or
hostile
preparations
against
them
:
that
treasure
(
which
is
truly
called
the
sinews
of
war
)
be
collected
and
instored
for
such
purposes
:
that
souldiors
be
taught
order
and
obedience
,
hauing
their
wages
iustly
payed
vnto
them
:
and
also
that
they
be
warned
,
and
with
seuere
punishment
prohibited
,
that
they
make
no
spoyle
and
bootie
of
them
,
in
whose
defence
they
professe
and
beare
armes
:
which
complaint
hath
beene
old
and
vsuall
amongst
citizens
and
husbandmen
in
most
places
.
Euery
Counsellor
therefore
,
and
each
other
ciuile
magistrate
ought
to
be
well
instructed
and
perfect
in
these
militarie
rudiments
,
which
he
shal
with
a
little
practise
and
paine
taking
(
hauing
read
C●…sar
,
Vegetius
,
Frontinus
,
Aelianus
,
Polienus
,
with
such
like
)
attaine
sufficiently
.
And
whereas
in
euery
Commonwealth
there
are
three
states
or
columnes
supporting
the
same
,
(
the
first
of
ciuile
Counsellors
or
Magistrats
,
the
second
of
militarie
Gouernors
and
Captaines
,
the
third
consisting
of
arts
and
artificers
of
trades
and
mysteries
)
mee
seemeth
,
that
a
captaine
equalleth
the
ciuile
magistrate
,
according
to
his
place
&
degree
,
defending
and
preseruing
things
in
possession
,
euen
as
hee
which
attaineth
,
purchaseth
,
and
ciuilizeth
the
same
.
And
so
much
hereof
,
considering
I
shal
haue
occasion
more
fully
to
discourse
of
this
point
in
my
fourth
booke
of
Offices
.
Now
somewhat
concerning
the
opposites
vnto
this
vertue
,
which
I
will
touch
briefely
.
Imprudence
(
being
ignorance
,
or
a
want
of
power
and
counsell
to
make
a
difference
betwixt
good
and
euill
,
or
to
giue
a
reasonable
iudgement
of
any
thing
within
vulgar
apprehension
)
is
the
first
opposition
to
prudence
:
and
hence
came
it
,
that
each
vniust
and
intemperate
person
was
deemed
by
the
Philosophers
foolish
and
imprudent
;
as
hauing
no
force
in
himselfe
to
gouerne
his
inordinat
appetites
to
moderation
.
Giddinesse
of
the
mind
&
temeritie
are
annexed
to
this
vice
:
for
imprudent
persons
through
idlenesse
&
negligence
take
no
regard
vnto
their
children
and
wiues
,
retaining
no
rule
or
discipline
in
their
families
:
but
if
secret
Counsellors
and
ciuile
ministers
,
in
office
vnto
states
and
princes
,
be
possessed
of
this
intollerable
plague
,
then
doe
the
people
vnder
their
gouernance
hold
it
tollerable
for
them
to
sinne
with
impunitie
:
as
also
,
when
Generals
of
armies
are
infected
therewith
,
then
do
those
souldiors
vnder
their
charge
wax
slothfull
:
such
as
Scipi●…
Aemilianus
found
at
the
seruice
against
Numantia
,
whom
he
by
fresh
practise
,
discipline
,
and
instruction
restored
to
their
natiue
valours
,
formerly
forgotten
.
Calliditie
&
malicious
wilines
is
that
other
extreame
,
which
oppositely
withstandeth
prudence
,
by
which
vnaduised
people
are
deceiued
with
the
meere
semblance
and
counterfeit
of
vertues
:
yea
,
men
of
good
natures
and
disposition
otherwise
(
whose
minds
surmount
their
present
meanes
)
oftentimes
depraue
their
honourable
conditions
with
hypocriticall
medicines
,
adulterating
their
true
natures
with
fallacious
imitation
of
time
,
place
,
person
,
and
the
necessitie
,
which
is
by
them
imposed
.
Hence
is
it
,
that
our
ancestors
of
former
ages
are
so
much
extolled
aboue
vs
of
later
times
,
in
regard
of
their
simple
,
plaine
,
and
open
dealing
in
all
actions
,
according
to
the
saying
of
Cicero
:
Non
placuit
maioribus
nostris
astus
:
Our
Elders
were
not
pleased
with
craftinesse
.
For
in
those
times
no
lesse
then
with
some
of
our
honest
persons
in
these
dayes
guile
was
held
most
odious
and
abiect
,
eradicated
either
by
legall
vertue
(
which
restraineth
and
punisheth
the
malicious
deuices
of
men
)
or
by
Philosophie
,
which
(
through
the
force
of
reason
and
intelligence
)
banisheth
it
:
Ratio
namque
postulat
ne
quid
insidiosè
,
ne
quid
falentèr
,
ne
quid
simulat
?
For
reason
requireth
vs
to
doe
nothing
which
may
bee
trecherous
,
fallacious
,
or
counterfeit
.
Subtilties
therefore
in
priuate
causes
which
do
not
concerne
the
Commonwealth
,
should
specially
bee
suppressed
in
all
honourable
Counsellors
,
and
all
such
hypocriticall
malice
as
counterfeiteth
prudence
to
life
,
distanding
so
farre
from
it
,
as
a
man
may
shoot
a
rouing
shaft
of
reason
:
for
hee
(
that
with
all
his
strength
laboureth
to
doe
good
)
may
retaine
the
name
of
a
very
wiseman
,
and
become
innocent
,
in
respect
of
himselfe
,
and
others
.
But
the
true
conclusion
is
that
,
Calliditas
sapientia
perfect
a
non
Nam
mala
sunt
vicina
bonis
,
errore
subillo
For
it
is
a
neere
steppe
from
vertue
to
vice
;
and
vnder
that
maske
of
error
hath
vertue
beene
so
deceiued
,
that
shee
hath
tollerated
heinous
faults
,
by
mistaking
them
for
small
vices
.
And
hence
groweth
that
generall
mis-conceit
,
preiudication
,
and
weakenesse
of
discretion
,
which
cannot
rightly
measure
mens
natures
by
their
passions
.
For
example
,
when
they
call
him
a
coward
which
desireth
peace
:
if
a
man
be
subtle
headed
,
then
is
hee
trayterous
:
if
simple
,
and
a
slothfull
dastard
,
him
they
repute
gentle
:
if
vnskilfull
in
all
commendable
qualities
,
proceeding
from
his
owne
lazie
sluggishnesse
,
him
they
tearme
simple
and
honest
:
if
a
man
through
the
intemperate
and
irascible
passion
of
wrath
can
onely
deliuer
threatening
rebukes
,
or
opprobrious
speeches
,
him
they
tearme
a
plaine
dealing
man
,
whose
mind
and
tongue
(
though
both
abhominable
)
accord
without
dissimulation
:
if
in
his
pride
hee
beare
himselfe
aboue
his
place
,
faculties
,
and
birth
,
him
the
vulgar
calleth
magnificent
:
if
he
be
furious
and
desperate
of
life
and
fortunes
,
him
they
thinke
valiant
:
prodigall
persons
are
esteemed
liberall
;
couetous
and
wretched
fellowes
,
prouident
,
and
frugall
husbands
;
supersticious
and
blockish
people
are
taken
for
,
and
reported
to
be
deuout
and
holy
persons
:
such
as
are
truly
learned
and
excellent
schollers
in
all
faculties
,
are
censured
(
by
them
whose
iudgements
are
not
so
suddaine
as
malicious
,
neither
so
malicious
as
thredbare
)
to
bee
curious
fooles
,
arrogant
,
and
opinionatiue
.
And
thus
is
euery
good
and
bad
qualitie
misconstrued
with
a
reprobate
glosse
:
but
hereof
I
haue
sufficiently
spoken
in
my
Preface
.
If
therfore
a
man
will
warily
ponder
,
what
things
are
required
in
him
that
aspireth
vnto
the
toppe
and
perfection
of
all
goodnesse
:
if
he
can
so
fashion
and
shape
his
owne
affections
generally
;
as
in
seeming
,
that
he
crediteth
any
mans
sayings
,
whom
he
list
to
beleeue
:
if
he
can
vse
those
honest
blandishments
,
wilie
complements
,
and
needefull
attributes
,
which
can
angle
out
the
loue
of
persons
:
Proprium
enim
virtutis
est
conciliare
animos
hominum
&
ad
suos
vfus
adiungere
:
For
it
is
a
vertuous
qualitie
,
to
conciliate
mens
minds
,
and
to
make
his
proper
vse
of
them
:
if
he
can
apprehend
the
plaine
causes
,
which
moue
most
honour
and
admiration
in
their
hearts
towards
any
Magistrates
:
if
hee
can
wisely
discerne
the
Spring-tide
of
Iustice
,
Prudence
,
Fortitude
,
and
Temperance
(
when
they
passe
their
bounders
)
then
is
he
worthily
deemed
iudicious
.
In
the
consideration
and
practise
of
which
,
the
whole
force
of
prudence
consisteth
.
Peregrination
of
countries
is
another
cheefe
ornament
in
a
Counsellor
,
in
speciall
the
realmes
and
prouinces
of
his
prince
,
his
friends
,
his
enemies
,
and
neighbours
.
In
such
trauailes
behooueth
his
care
,
prudence
,
diligence
,
and
consideration
:
not
to
passe
like
those
gaping
and
wauering
fooles
,
in
fayres
and
markers
,
which
onely
come
to
busie
their
eyes
without
benefite
.
But
his
vse
of
trauell
must
be
,
to
know
how
such
countries
are
gouerned
in
peace
and
warre
:
what
reuenewes
ordinarie
out
of
his
owne
lands
,
and
extraordinarie
by
contribution
of
the
people
,
belong
to
the
prince
;
how
the
realme
is
munited
;
and
how
the
people
addicted
:
by
such
obseruation
hee
becommeth
prudent
,
worthie
to
be
consulted
,
and
in
honourable
respect
vpon
his
returne
.
Albeit
,
Honorius
and
Theodosius
,
Emperours
,
supposed
,
that
men
ought
not
to
diue
into
the
secrets
of
a
forraine
state
:
yet
he
which
(
vpon
the
dispatch
of
any
legation
)
returneth
into
his
owne
countrey
,
shall
be
deemed
prudent
,
if
he
can
obserue
&
open
(
when
occasion
is
offered
)
such
secrets
as
by
being
shewed
may
profit
his
owne
countrey
.
Amongst
other
things
,
if
he
bee
commended
by
the
prince
to
performe
any
great
embasie
,
the
speciall
subiect
of
his
heart
vnder
God
must
be
the
renowne
of
his
prince
,
and
the
chiefe
organe
&
directorie
,
by
which
hee
must
square
out
his
businesse
and
worke
,
should
bee
moderation
.
For
if
it
happen
that
in
arrogant
speeches
hee
gallop
out
of
the
listes
of
modestie
,
then
doth
hee
violate
and
abuse
the
maiestie
and
peace
both
of
his
prince
and
of
the
people
.
But
rather
if
any
thing
in
charge
be
by
the
king
,
through
heate
or
some
angry
passion
,
somewhat
more
sharpe
or
bitterly
deliuered
;
that
when
he
pronounceth
his
Soueraignes
message
,
the
embassadour
rather
mollifie
than
exasperate
any
matters
of
litigious
consequence
in
his
speech
:
and
if
other
things
of
fauour
or
honour
bee
by
him
to
be
signified
on
behalfe
of
his
prince
vnto
friends
,
his
care
ought
to
deuise
,
how
he
may
make
the
same
more
gracious
and
magnificent
by
his
owne
wit
and
inuention
:
for
it
sometimes
happeneth
,
that
princes
by
means
of
some
embassadours
their
intemperance
and
temeritie
,
be
vehemently
moued
vnto
wrath
;
and
by
the
prudence
of
others
are
drawne
into
the
true
borders
of
friendship
and
amitie
.
The
things
commonly
notable
in
trauelling
of
forraine
countries
,
are
the
lawes
,
religion
,
and
fashions
of
the
Nation
where
hee
soiourneth
;
the
scituation
,
castles
,
and
cities
of
the
countries
;
the
fashions
of
the
princes
robes
,
and
attire
;
the
qualities
,
pedigrees
,
families
,
power
,
treasure
,
and
buildings
of
the
Counsellors
and
Noblemen
.
By
conference
(
vpon
such
obseruation
)
he
shall
learne
the
good
and
euill
of
his
owne
countrey
,
how
to
ciuilize
the
people
,
if
their
manners
be
corrupt
,
how
to
declare
himselfe
hospitable
towards
strangers
:
for
vnder
them
haue
diuers
charitably
disposed
worldlings
(
such
as
Tobias
and
Lot
)
receiued
Angels
into
their
houses
:
how
to
grope
mens
minds
or
meanings
,
whether
they
bee
friends
or
enemies
;
and
according
to
the
state
of
his
businesse
he
shall
accommodate
himselfe
to
the
time
,
and
vnto
the
state
of
his
prince
,
hauing
good
note
of
all
occasions
,
oportunities
,
encombrances
,
and
difficulties
of
places
and
seasons
.
No
man
shall
haue
power
by
cunning
relation
of
salse-hood
to
make
him
swallow
a
gudgine
,
neither
to
build
vpon
any
mans
opinion
.
It
is
further
required
,
that
hee
know
how
many
myles
that
countrey
where
he
hath
conuersed
,
is
in
length
;
how
many
in
breadth
;
with
what
munitions
and
artillerie
the
townes
are
fenced
;
in
what
place
of
the
countrey
an
armie
may
find
safest
entrance
:
what
faire
and
open
Harbours
,
Ports
,
Creekes
,
Hauens
,
and
Promontories
there
are
:
how
many
deepe
riuers
water
the
countries
;
what
the
principall
vertues
and
vices
of
the
people
bee
;
what
their
chiefest
pleasure
:
wherein
their
Nobles
differ
from
ours
in
England
;
what
oddes
betwixt
their
edifices
,
and
ours
:
whether
of
the
princes
is
in
power
most
absolute
;
how
the
people
in
those
Nations
oppose
their
Soueraignes
;
what
difference
in
the
formes
of
their
seruice
,
and
ours
:
how
they
muster
,
trayne
,
and
discipline
souldiors
:
whether
in
marching
or
quartering
of
armies
they
spoyle
the
countreyman
:
what
order
is
prouided
,
that
the
souldior
shall
not
annoy
the
peasant
.
So
that
in
his
relation
he
may
discreetly
compare
all
those
countries
(
where
hee
hath
trauailed
)
with
his
owne
,
distinguishing
of
all
properties
with
sound
iudgement
.
For
if
distinction
be
wanting
,
farewell
election
;
and
if
that
depart
,
prudence
is
also
banished
;
the
lacke
wherof
bringeth
in
confusion
,
which
haleth
on
many
millions
of
miseries
.
A
sound
knowledge
and
apprehension
of
the
princes
strength
whom
hee
serueth
,
with
the
power
of
his
confederats
,
neighbours
,
and
enemies
,
is
likewise
adioyned
.
This
shall
teach
him
how
great
their
seuerall
reuenewes
are
,
eyther
ordinarie
,
or
extraordinarie
,
from
whence
,
by
what
meanes
,
and
when
they
be
gathered
:
what
forces
his
prince
can
leuie
,
and
how
long
maintaine
them
;
how
well
disciplined
;
what
gallant
or
caitiue
captaines
amongst
them
that
are
enemies
:
which
of
them
are
confederat
against
the
king
;
whose
parties
they
professe
,
and
vpon
what
plot
of
malecontment
,
reuenge
,
faction
,
ambition
,
or
corruption
:
how
strong
or
weake
those
secret
partisanes
are
;
with
what
commodities
they
be
furnished
,
and
wherein
wanting
:
for
this
is
the
ready
rule
which
measureth
any
princes
power
.
Hee
should
likewise
of
himselfe
seeme
able
and
worthie
(
when
warres
require
the
aduenture
of
his
state
and
life
)
to
bear
commaund
ouer
many
souldiors
,
and
at
all
assayes
so
well
appointed
,
as
hee
may
be
found
aequè
fortis
ac
prudens
,
both
wise
and
valiant
:
executing
the
laws
of
arms
(
as
those
Romane
Emperours
,
of
whom
it
is
written
)
That
in
castris
they
did
agere
iure
summo
,
domique
ex
aequo
&
bono
:
That
in
the
warres
they
did
vse
martiall
law
,
and
at
home
in
peace
administer
equitie
.
When
a
Counsellor
can
with
sound
knowledge
like
a
good
Physition
heale
the
diseases
of
his
countrey
,
prouiding
how
to
preuent
them
,
before
they
can
take
hold
thereof
,
he
magnifieth
his
wisedome
vehemently
:
he
should
therefore
heare
euery
man
willingly
,
fauour
all
indifferently
,
yet
so
,
that
most
respect
be
fastened
to
the
iust
cause
.
A
stranger
in
his
good
dealing
and
right
ought
to
bee
preferred
before
a
neighbour
:
wherefore
if
hee
were
a
Iew
borne
,
or
barbarous
Heathen
,
if
he
were
a
Turke
,
or
of
what
odious
off-spring
soeuer
,
let
his
cause
,
not
his
qualitie
be
respected
,
and
in
equitie
let
him
hold
the
priuiledge
of
nation
,
cognation
,
countrey
,
citie
,
bloud
,
and
familie
with
a
neighbour
,
for
so
much
as
may
concerne
his
cause
.
In
this
qualitie
the
Counsellor
is
importunately
warned
to
take
great
heede
,
that
hee
with
his
parts
doe
not
corroborate
any
faction
,
or
vnder
the
pretext
and
robe
of
iustice
reuenge
priuate
wrongs
.
Euen
as
dissentions
amongst
captaines
further
the
stratagems
of
their
enemies
:
so
doe
the
disunions
of
Counsellors
helpe
them
,
against
whom
their
Counsels
are
bent
.
The
principall
and
most
soueraigne
medicine
,
by
diuers
vsed
,
and
most
preuayling
against
the
pestilence
of
dissention
and
enuie
,
by
good
experiment
and
knowledge
,
hath
beene
humanitie
,
and
affabilitie
.
Iustice
and
goodnesse
is
no
little
estimation
in
a
Counsellor
,
when
his
sayings
soothly
consound
with
integritie
,
vertue
,
and
veritie
:
here
and
there
,
in
mouth
and
heart
all
one
,
in
word
and
deede
plaine
,
reprehending
faults
in
others
with
all
mildnesse
and
benignitie
.
His
actions
are
throughly
seasoned
with
beneuolence
and
courtesie
:
hee
will
not
withhold
his
good
counsell
from
any
man
:
a
patrone
towards
good
persons
,
seuere
against
malefactors
,
in
all
places
zealous
of
vertue
,
enemie
to
calumnies
,
detesting
lyes
and
vanitie
:
no
dissembler
,
no
double-tongued
person
,
no
referendarie
:
for
neuer
was
any
delator
of
mens
conditions
and
manners
faithfull
,
but
abiect
and
base
minded
.
Moreouer
,
a
iust
man
will
not
rebuke
one
,
beeing
absent
,
for
his
faults
,
if
hee
may
haue
him
present
:
that
which
neyther
his
eyes
nor
hands
haue
seene
nor
handled
,
he
will
not
auouch
,
or
verefie
.
He
cannot
away
with
flatterers
or
tale-bearers
:
for
hee
thinketh
with
Tacitus
,
That
Adulation
is
an
euer-liuing
euill
;
and
with
Curtius
,
who
writeth
,
that
people
of
such
nature
deuour
and
wast
the
princes
treasure
much
more
then
enemies
:
and
therefore
it
is
written
in
the
life
of
Constantine
the
sonne
of
Constantius
,
that
he
called
those
flatterers
and
enuches
of
the
court
,
which
wast
the
Commonwealth
,
and
yet
are
alwayes
murmuring
,
mothes
and
water
rats
:
like
those
dogges
of
which
the
blessed
prophet
saith
,
That
they
run
grudging
and
grinning
about
the
citie
for
meate
,
vntill
they
bee
satisfied
,
whose
gluttonous
appetite
is
bottomlesse
&
insatiable
.
Nero
who
was
brought
vp
in
temperance
and
sobrietie
,
through
flatterers
became
cruell
:
through
them
Caesar
lifted
his
arme
against
his
owne
countrey
;
from
them
aspired
the
tyrannies
of
Rhoboham
.
But
it
is
needlesse
to
produce
forraine
example
,
being
well
furnished
with
domesticall
testimonies
:
for
wee
read
and
know
,
that
the
second
Edward
of
Carnaruan
,
and
Richard
the
Blacke
princes
sonne
,
one
and
the
other
were
deposed
and
confounded
by
the
fruit
of
that
viletie
which
they
sucked
from
flatterers
.
A
sage
and
honourable
Councell
therefore
will
fence
his
eares
against
the
subtilties
of
them
,
least
Sinon
enter
with
the
Troiane
horse
,
and
there
vnrip
his
packe
of
parasites
,
which
wildly
seising
vpon
his
hart
will
tyrannously
vsurpe
vpon
his
soule
also
.
This
is
a
whoorish
danger
,
which
first
allureth
,
then
bindeth
,
and
being
once
tied
,
it
is
almost
impossible
for
the
captiued
to
get
loose
.
They
therefore
that
respect
their
owne
quiet
with
the
princes
honour
,
wil
esteeme
more
of
one
Clitius
,
than
of
six
hundred
Aristippi
;
for
they
present
vnto
such
noble
magistrats
in
precious
vessels
,
that
potion
which
intoxicatcth
their
imaginations
,
vnderstandings
,
and
memories
,
bringing
in
with
it
the
Commonwealths
bane
and
ouerthrow
:
euen
as
in
a
most
sententious
Tragedie
was
written
by
Seneca
.
Venenum
in
auro
bibitur
,
expertus
loquor
.
I
speake
by
good
experience
,
that
vile
poyson
is
drunke
out
of
fine
gold
.
Liberalitie
likewise
is
a
very
gracious
ornament
,
seemely
befitting
a
Counsellor
:
this
,
since
I
did
handle
in
the
first
Booke
of
these
Offices
,
entreating
of
Treasurers
,
I
will
speake
lesse
in
this
place
:
onely
this
,
it
is
a
principall
baite
to
take
people
,
because
aboue
all
things
they
loue
to
sport
themselues
in
those
siluer
waues
,
or
vnder
the
golden
grauell
,
delighting
in
the
sweetenesse
of
it
.
It
is
a
meere
follie
to
lauish
in
hope
of
gayne
,
vnlesse
a
great
abilitie
will
beare
it
:
Occasions
of
getting
will
not
alwayes
continue
.
Oppose
with
moderation
therefore
against
want
,
which
is
accompanied
with
the
losse
of
time
and
reputation
:
for
certaine
it
is
,
that
more
credite
commeth
by
one
ducket
present
in
purse
,
than
by
tenne
alreadie
spent
.
This
is
not
spoken
,
that
a
man
should
be
so
beastly
minded
,
as
to
scrape
or
restraine
liberalitie
,
when
estimation
and
honour
offer
themselues
by
reasonable
expences
,
but
onely
to
vse
a
bridle
in
vaine
,
and
vnnecessarie
disbursements
.
Howbeit
,
aboue
all
things
auoyd
auaricious
Ostrocisme
,
which
feedeth
bad
Counsellors
,
till
they
bee
so
fat
as
porkes
,
readie
to
bee
serued
to
their
maisters
table
:
as
Aeneas
Siluius
fitly
compareth
.
Charitie
with
bountie
(
such
as
Polybius
prescribed
to
Scipio
)
magnifieth
a
Counsellor
,
to
make
so
good
vse
of
his
going
abroad
at
all
times
,
that
he
benefite
some
before
his
returne
home
:
for
euen
as
couetousnesse
is
the
roote
of
all
euill
,
so
beneficence
and
charitie
bee
the
well-springs
of
all
goodnesse
.
Angelicall
and
humane
eloquence
,
the
gift
of
prophecying
,
the
secret
and
vnreuealeable
knowledge
of
all
mysteries
,
a
faith
retaining
power
to
mooue
mountaines
,
are
all
of
no
force
,
if
they
be
not
illumined
with
charitie
:
hee
which
giueth
all
his
possessions
to
the
poore
,
which
sacrificeth
his
body
to
the
fire
or
sword
,
meriteth
not
without
charitie
.
Hee
which
is
espoused
to
that
beautifull
nymph
,
is
patient
,
bountifull
,
without
mallice
,
ostentation
,
pride
,
disdaine
,
selfe-loue
,
wrath
,
euill
thought
:
for
shee
reioyceth
,
and
is
inwardly
rauished
with
confolation
in
truth
,
faith
,
hope
,
patience
,
and
perseuerance
:
shee
,
Marcus
Crassus
,
that
hee
was
magnified
in
fiue
things
:
in
his
great
Woe
to
the
shepheards
of
isrdel
,
which
onely
feede
themselues
,
dispersing
their
flockes
negligently
without
foode
,
as
the
Prophet
threateneth
.
Immoderate
riches
in
a
vile
auaricious
person
ingender
pride
,
euen
as
vnexpected
spoyle
and
victorie
doth
in
a
vaine-glorious
captaine
:
as
was
noted
by
those
letters
which
Philip
dispatened
to
Archidamus
,
after
his
victories
had
at
Cheronaea
;
who
taxed
him
with
proud
and
bitter
tearmes
,
vttered
from
a
spirit
swolne
and
puffed
vp
with
fe●…citie
of
his
good
successe
:
but
Archidamus
in
answere
to
the
same
,
aduised
him
to
measure
his
owne
shaddow
so
strictly
as
might
be
;
and
that
he
should
not
find
it
one
haire
breadth
greater
than
it
was
before
the
victorie
.
Men
of
this
nature
are
like
them
of
whom
Salust
sayth
:
Quibus
neque
modus
contenti●…s
inest
,
vtique
victoriam
crudeliter
excercebant
:
Such
as
doe
not
retaine
any
moderation
in
conflict
,
but
exercise
their
vertues
with
crueltie
.
And
for
so
much
as
appertaineth
their
immoderate
desire
of
riches
.
It
is
the
generall
opinion
of
all
wise
men
,
that
they
(
whom
the
force
of
auarice
hath
like
a
contageous
pestilence
inuaded
)
doe
make
more
account
of
worldly
pelfe
,
than
of
any
goodnesse
or
honestie
:
they
be
not
truly
nor
aunciently
noble
,
but
beare
the
meere
counterfeit
of
honour
,
which
vpon
the
touch
prooueth
very
base
.
Et
quanquam
domi
sint
potentes
(
as
Salust
saith
)
apud
socios
tamen
magis
clari
sunt
Beneficence
being
a
promptnesse
to
deserne
well
,
is
(
as
I
said
before
)
a
kind
of
liberalitie
required
in
Counsellors
:
which
consisteth
in
the
aduancement
of
the
Commonwealths
profite
;
in
admonishing
,
commending
,
reprehending
,
comforting
,
procuring
,
defending
,
not
onely
requiring
ayde
and
beneuolence
,
but
by
vettue
deseruing
the
same
.
It
is
a
beneficence
to
see
,
that
the
high
wayes
and
bridges
be
made
and
repaired
,
to
relieue
poore
people
,
villages
,
or
societies
,
by
crosse
fortune
or
misaduenture
distressed
or
oppressed
:
and
(
as
Cicero
noteth
)
Benignitas
est
Reipub.
vtilis
redimi
à
seruitute
captos
,
locupletari
tenuiores
,
&c.
It
is
a
benignitie
commodious
to
the
Commonwealth
,
Vlpius
Traianus
was
called
Pater
Patriae
:
qui
per
exquisita
remedia
multis
pestilentia
,
incendijs
,
&
fame
affectis
est
opitulatus
:
The
father
of
his
countrey
:
who
did
What
strong
enemie
was
there
to
this
our
publicke
state
,
that
in
the
later
dayes
of
the
late
deare
Soueraigne
of
our
happinesse
,
Queene
Elizabeth
,
feared
not
the
valour
and
fortunes
of
Robert
,
then
Earle
of
Essex
;
vntill
such
time
as
through
his
owne
credulous
imprudence
,
hee
wilfully
wounded
himselfe
with
his
owne
intollerable
appetite
.
Of
whom
I
will
onely
say
that
which
I
might
worthely
cite
out
of
Cicero
,
then
written
to
the
good
fame
of
Caius
Marius
:
Nemo
vnquàm
multitudini
fuit
carior
:
No
subiect
euer
was
more
deare
What
open
or
close
enemie
was
he
that
liued
in
any
forraine
part
of
Europe
,
which
was
not
amated
with
that
diuine
care
and
wisedome
,
with
that
industrious
circumspection
and
foresight
of
those
two
most
worthie
Senatours
of
her
secret
Counsels
,
the
Lord
William
Burghley
,
Lord
Treasurer
,
and
Sir
Francis
Walsingham
,
sometimes
principall
Secretarie
to
that
good
Queene
:
which
sitting
quiet
in
their
studies
,
wrought
so
many
wonders
in
Spaine
,
Fraunce
,
and
Italie
,
for
the
confirmation
and
fortification
of
this
Realme
,
against
the
tyrannous
enemies
of
the
Gospell
,
and
of
that
our
euer
renowned
Empresse
of
England
?
The
first
died
very
rich
,
in
a
most
healthfull
state
of
soule
,
and
in
honour
of
his
countrey
;
which
was
for
many
yeares
sustained
,
comforted
,
and
protected
by
his
prudence
:
the
second
,
both
in
true
pietie
,
iustice
,
and
glorie
,
respecting
God
and
the
Commonwealth
;
honorable
,
and
truly
rich
,
which
was
in
mentall
perfections
,
and
in
the
loue
of
this
Common-wealth
(
which
he
so
much
loued
)
onely
.
Much
therefore
behooueth
it
Counsellors
,
that
in
all
their
actions
,
counsels
and
consultations
they
become
prudent
and
valiant
,
taking
vp
a
place
in
the
middest
betwixt
the
zealous
and
true
worship
of
God
,
vpon
the
right
hand
,
with
his
vigilant
and
tender
care
of
the
Commonwealth
,
vpon
the
left
,
respecting
them
both
with
feare
and
feruent
affection
:
and
aboue
all
courtly
pestilence
,
to
take
antidotes
and
preseruatiues
against
the
contagious
breath
of
flatterers
,
which
hath
corrupted
and
ruined
more
princes
and
noble
gentlemen
in
time
of
peace
,
than
the
sword
hath
many
times
done
in
bitter
battell
.
Such
were
they
that
trecherously
myned
into
the
noble
nature
of
that
renowmed
Earle
,
whom
I
lately
mentioned
,
being
men
enraged
with
a
lust
of
innouation
,
and
of
a
present
satisfaction
of
their
all
variable
and
licencious
appetites
.
This
mu●…ne
disperseth
it selfe
through
the
Courts
of
many
Princes
,
infecting
and
eating
vp
whole
families
;
like
pestilence
the
deuouring
Angell
of
Gods
iustice
sparing
none
.
Sycophants
of
this
distemperature
naturally
(
like
mosse
,
or
yuie
)
spread
vpon
great
Oakes
,
and
strong
walles
,
neuer
excercised
in
vertuous
cogitations
and
studies
,
but
fraught
with
slaunderous
rumours
,
falshood
and
forgerie
the
professed
enemies
to
vertue
and
veritie
;
so
they
may
laugh
,
feed
,
sleepe
,
and
enioy
corporall
pleasures
,
they
force
not
what
aged
fathers
,
widowes
,
or
orphans
,
waile
,
starue
,
watch
,
and
endure
endlesse
vexation
and
calamitie
.
I
mention
this
vice
often
,
inculcating
the
perill
,
and
poison
of
it
many
times
,
because
it
is
so
much
practised
in
this
Nation
;
then
which
,
nothing
can
be
more
base
,
more
odious
,
or
more
degenerate
from
Nobilitie
.
There
is
one
vertuous
condition
which
must
inseparably
be
fastned
,
placed
,
or
rooted
rather
in
a
Counsellor
;
and
it
is
a
pure
will
,
godly
zeale
,
and
ioyfull
promptnesse
to
giue
sound
and
wholesome
counsell
,
(
of
which
I
spake
somewhat
before
)
as
when
things
be
by
mature
deliberation
consulted
,
before
they
be
peremptorily
resolued
vpon
,
and
all
the
causes
(
with
euen
hand
)
first
weighed
in
the
ballance
of
iustice
.
A
Senator
therefore
(
which
retaineth
so
reuerende
and
honourable
office
)
must
respect
the
ground
of
his
authoritie
,
which
doth
best
and
most
to
life
anatomize
a
magistrate
.
Sodaine
and
doubtfull
counsels
do
digest
more
happily
with
them
,
that
are
sildome
vexed
with
troubles
and
difficulties
;
or
with
ambitious
persons
which
onely
respecting
their
priuate
glory
,
feare
least
time
of
deliberation
will
grow
scant
vnto
them
;
then
with
such
Commonwealths
as
(
being
placed
vpon
the
maine
toppe
of
all
power
and
authoritie
)
can
leisurely
tarry
for
a
fit
time
and
occasion
.
In
anxious
or
doubtfull
matters
therefore
they
choose
such
a
course
as
most
behooueth
,
and
least
endangereth
:
yet
hath
it
been
commonly
seene
in
giuing
of
counsell
,
that
the
vulgar
attribute
all
to
the
Counsellors
prudence
and
foresight
,
if
fortune
fauour
the
euent
;
but
if
otherwise
,
then
is
he
condemned
in
the
contrary
.
And
hence
is
it
,
that
the
meede
of
good
Counsellors
is
often
ascribed
to
fortune
,
and
fortunes
serenitie
attributed
to
good
counsell
.
If
the
businesse
in
hand
be
very
weightie
,
the
counsellors
(
which
handle
it
)
must
be
very
warie
,
and
such
things
(
as
cannot
admit
a
recorrection
,
or
reconsideration
)
must
be
with
good
discretion
deliberated
.
There
is
likewise
one
excellent
part
in
wise
and
compleate
Counsellors
required
,
which
is
to
giue
good
eare
and
attention
to
the
sayings
of
all
men
vttered
vnto
him
;
and
in
speciall
to
those
of
that
societie
,
which
though
inferior
or
superior
in
their
places
speake
before
them
.
Herein
a
Counsellor
must
muster
his
wittes
together
,
and
remember
those
arguments
wherwithall
they
confirme
and
corroborate
their
seuerall
opinions
,
that
(
when
his
tourne
inuiteth
him
to
speach
)
he
may
not
misse
a
mite
in
recapitulation
of
any
materiall
pointes
.
Hence
was
it
that
Pericles
(
convening
with
Sophocles
his
fellow
Pretor
concerning
State-businesse
(
vpon
Sophocles
his
commendation
of
the
beautie
of
a
very
faire
Boy
passing
by
)
earnestly
replied
:
It
is
not
only
fit
to
withhold
your
hands
,
but
to
withdraw
your
eyes
from
such
vaine
obiects
in
these
serious
cases
.
For
these
respects
Lycurgus
inhibited
all
manner
of
pictures
from
the
chamber
of
consultation
;
least
the
Senatours
eyes
being
withdrawne
from
serious
cogitations
and
obseruations
,
might
(
by
looking
vpon
them
)
forget
somewhat
to
the
preiudice
of
the
present
seruice
.
Deliberation
also
(
being
a
diligent
and
prudent
meditation
of
things
future
,
doubtfull
,
and
contingent
,
remayning
in
our
power
;
by
which
choice
is
made
of
the
best
meanes
to
good
and
happie
successe
in
any
thing
that
may
be
done
or
spoken
)
is
one
speciall
type
of
a
Counsellors
prudence
.
Which
some
compare
to
the
Mulberrie
,
that
flourishing
last
of
all
trees
,
yeeldeth
ripe
fruit
before
others
:
for
after
sound
consultation
matters
are
with
expedition
acted
.
Neither
may
counsell
be
profered
,
before
the
king
require
it
,
like
a
vaine
physition
,
which
will
intrude
himselfe
before
hee
bee
sent
for
,
vnlesse
some
speciall
causes
to
himselfe
onely
knowne
,
and
in
matters
of
great
weight
he
find
it
most
necessarie
:
for
there
be
three
fashions
of
counselling
,
by
Reason
,
by
good
Authoritie
,
by
faithfull
example
:
which
three
concurring
,
are
of
most
validitie
.
If
a
Counsellor
therefore
yeeld
not
vnto
the
votes
and
suffrages
of
any
thing
,
propounded
by
whatsoeuer
persons
:
first
,
let
him
arme
himselfe
in
good
proofe
,
tempered
with
the
steele
of
reason
,
to
maintaine
the
contrarie
parts
more
conueniently
:
and
for
so
much
as
it
standeth
him
in
hand
to
confute
their
opinions
;
and
that
very
few
with
due
moderation
can
haue
patience
to
bee
conuinced
:
let
him
vse
all
temperance
and
mildnesse
of
speech
,
that
may
bee
,
without
contention
:
for
it
sufficeth
a
worthie
Counsellor
(
let
others
thinke
at
their
pleasure
)
to
satisfie
his
priuate
conscience
.
If
memorie
likewise
doe
not
by
nature
richly
supplie
to
the
Counsellors
reading
:
for
so
much
as
it
is
fitly
called
the
Register
of
eloquence
,
and
mother
of
the
Muses
,
it
will
be
much
behoofefull
,
that
a
Counsellor
studie
to
reforme
himselfe
by
that
art
industriously
,
which
by
maps
,
characters
,
or
Hyeroglyphickes
may
be
best
placed
.
Knowledge
in
the
studies
of
Morall
and
Naturall
Philosophie
,
being
first
well
grounded
with
Logicall
rules
,
that
he
may
probably
discourse
&
dispute
wisely
(
when
any
question
vpon
good
occasion
requireth
)
is
needefull
also
.
The
Philosophie
which
Plato
defineth
in
one
of
his
Epistles
,
is
constancie
,
faithfulnesse
,
and
sinceritie
.
Which
tripartite
kind
is
by
the
Morallists
called
the
art
of
Sapience
:
for
it
teacheth
vs
the
knowledge
of
God
,
it
reclaymeth
vs
to
fortitude
and
modestie
;
which
illuminating
our
minds
,
consumeth
those
mystie
vapours
of
ignorance
and
dulnesse
,
that
oppresse
our
reason
;
so
that
we
may
clearely
behold
things
aboue
vs
,
about
vs
,
and
beneath
vs
:
it
rooteth
out
vice
,
harrowing
the
mind
,
and
making
it
fit
to
receiue
the
seede
of
all
good
knowledge
;
without
which
mans
nature
is
wounded
,
and
miserable
.
They
which
studie
these
arts
,
are
properly
called
Prudentes
:
For
Philosophie
is
by
interpretation
the
studie
of
knowledge
,
being
the
perfection
of
all
humane
skill
,
and
altogether
necessarily
to
bee
studied
and
sought
for
by
princes
and
great
magistrates
.
For
as
Cicero
writeth
:
Philosophia
est
fructuosa
,
nulla
pars
eius
inculta
atque
deserta
:
Philosophie
is
fruitfull
,
no
part
of
which
is
vnmanured
,
Fr.
Patricius
supposeth
,
Iacobus
Faber
writeth
thus
:
Inter
eas
artes
(
qua
Mathemata
Graecivocant
)
dua
Arithmetica
&
Geometria
praecipuum
sibi
vendicant
Locum
;
quòd
ad
caeteras
assequenda●…
viam
sternant
:
Amongst
those
arts
which
the
Greekes
call
Mathematickes
,
Arithmeticke
and
Geometrie
be
principall
:
for
so
much
as
they
make
easie
passage
vnto
the
rest
.
For
he
which
is
ignorant
in
Arithmeticke
,
can
neuer
proouea
skilfull
Musician
;
neither
can
any
man
which
hath
not
attained
the
knowledge
in
Geometrie
,
prooue
perfect
in
that
inspectiue
of
Astronomie
:
for
vpon
these
two
first
parts
those
other
couple
depend
.
The
reason
also
that
Plato
giueth
(
wherefore
he
would
haue
princes
Mente
deos
adij
:
,
&
(
quae
natura
negauit
Visibus
humanis
)
oculis
ea
pectoris
hausit
.
Being
in
effect
thus
much
:
By
force
of
his
mentall
faculties
hee
did
attaine
a
diuine
knowledge
,
and
with
the
eyes
of
his
vnderstanding
did
perfectly
comprehend
that
which
was
by
nature
concealed
from
mortall
eyes
.
Geometrie
likewise
conuerseth
in
the
magnitude
and
proportion
of
things
,
wherein
the
famous
Mathematician
Archi●…edes
was
so
skilfull
;
and
by
the
helpe
of
those
Geometricall
engines
which
hee
did
deuise
,
a
long
time
restrained
Marcellus
the
Romane
Captaine
from
victorie
,
when
hee
besieged
Musicke
(
according
to
the
course
whereof
the
Pythagoreans
did
imagine
that
the
world
was
composed
;
and
the
Mythologicall
poets
,
that
deuised
nine
Muses
,
because
of
the
musicall
consent
of
the
eight
coelestiall
spheres
,
and
of
that
one
great
continent
called
Harmonie
,
which
includeth
the
vermes
of
those
other
eight
)
is
very
profitable
and
pleasant
.
Howbeit
,
in
my
weake
iudgement
,
it
may
be
better
spared
in
a
Counsellor
,
than
her
other
three
sisters
,
seruing
more
for
ornament
,
than
gouernment
;
albeit
we
find
,
that
it
keepeth
a
proportion
by
notes
to
delight
the
mind
.
Astrologie
(
being
the
fourth
and
noblest
Mathematicall
sister
)
is
bipartite
,
according
to
Isidorus
:
in
part
naturall
(
when
it
is
limited
by
courses
of
the
Foelix
qui
potuit
rerum
cognoscere
causas
,
Being
this
in
effect
.
Happie
is
he
that
comprehendeth
the
causes
of
things
,
and
doth
by
diuine
power
subiect
all
feare
and
inexorable
fate
.
Also
Iuuenall
the
Satyrist
(
concerning
the
beneuolence
of
the
ascendent
towards
certaine
persons
,
at
certaine
times
,
vnder
his
subiection
)
writeth
:
Plus
etenim
fati
valet
hora
benigni
Qu●…
site
Veneris
commendet
epistola
Marti
.
For
the
good
houre
of
a
beneuolent
fate
auayleth
more
with
all
persons
,
than
the
commendatorie
letters
of
Venus
could
euer
haue
preuayled
with
Mars
.
Howbeit
,
those
that
will
certainely
iudge
of
ensuing
chaunces
(
though
they
be
most
studious
and
learned
in
this
mysticall
part
of
Astrologie
,
which
is
called
the
superstitious
or
Metaphysicall
a●…
)
bee
many
times
deceiued
in
their
owne
curiositie
;
according
to
the
saying
of
Thomas
Aquine
:
Licet
corpora
coelestia
habeant
inclinationem
,
non
tamen
imponunt
necessitatem
:
&
licet
home
inclinetur
secundum
dispositionem
corporis
ad
aliquod
vitium
,
tamen
per
rationem
arbitrij
,
potest
aliud
facere
:
Albeit
the
coelestiall
bodies
haue
a
kind
of
inclination
to
somewhat
,
yet
they
doe
not
impose
a
necessitie
thereunto
:
and
albeit
persons
encline
(
according
to
their
corporeall
disposition
)
to
some
vice
,
yet
may
they
by
the
rule
of
their
owne
will
decline
from
it
:
which
to
me
seemeth
a
Theologicall
paradox
.
Hence
was
it
that
Socrates
excused
the
Philosopher
,
which
(
according
to
Physiognomie
)
condemned
him
of
incontinence
.
Notwithstanding
,
sometimes
they
will
(
vpon
their
coniecturals
)
diuine
very
neere
and
oftentimes
truly
:
for
the
confirmation
whereof
,
I
will
cite
one
notable
thing
,
which
I
did
reade
in
Cassanans
the
Burgundian
.
To
whome
,
beeing
at
Giouanni
Galliaceo
maria
Viscomi
,
the
fifth
Duke
of
that
State
,
how
he
should
be
mortally
wounded
by
some
vassale
about
him
:
wherupon
to
the
Duke
,
demaunding
of
his
owne
fate
,
his
answere
was
:
My
death
must
be
publicke
,
by
the
fall
of
a
peece
of
timber
.
But
the
Duke
willing
to
preiudice
or
antiuert
the
fate
(
by
some
other
suddaine
death
denounced
against
the
Mathematician
)
gaue
peremptorie
sentence
,
That
hee
should
loose
his
head
,
because
he
had
entermeddled
with
the
calculation
of
his
natiuitie
.
And
as
he
was
conducted
to
the
place
of
execution
,
from
the
port
of
a
Tower
vnder
which
he
passed
(
called
Le
Dome
)
suddenly
the
top
thereof
fell
downe
,
and
he
with
a
piece
of
timber
had
his
braines
crusht
out
:
a
multitude
with
the
Confallioniere
,
and
other
executioners
in
the
companie
,
were
by
that
ruine
slaine
also
.
Likewise
,
the
Duke
himselfe
that
same
yeare
vpon
Saint
Stephens
day
in
the
great
Church
of
San
Stephano
in
Milan
,
was
by
one
of
his
slaues
bloudily
and
cruelly
butchered
in
the
presence
of
many
Noblemen
,
and
others
.
And
now
to
conclude
with
the
Morall
force
of
Philosophie
,
which
as
Plato
did
esteeme
,
was
the
chiefest
blessing
in
any
Commonwealth
;
When
Philosophers
were
Kings
,
and
Kings
Philosophers
:
For
it
reacheth
the
difference
betwixt
vertues
and
vices
,
what
are
the
extreames
of
good
and
euill
,
how
to
rule
priuat
families
,
what
authorities
and
offices
belong
to
fathers
,
husbands
,
and
maisters
;
the
difference
betwixt
instruments
,
hauing
life
and
liuelesse
;
the
maintenance
of
priuate
persons
,
the
vertues
and
discipline
of
magistrates
,
the
best
formes
of
gouernment
,
the
true
meanes
and
knowledge
to
sustaine
cities
,
being
in
danger
of
subuersion
,
and
how
with
excellent
lawes
to
rectifie
them
:
Hence
is
it
,
that
Cicero
doth
(
in
admiration
and
great
loue
thereof
)
proclaime
in
his
questions
Tusculane
.
O
Philosophie
,
the
rule
of
life
,
the
touch-stone
of
vertue
,
&
antidote
of
vice
?
But
hereof
haue
I
spoken
more
at
large
in
the
morals
of
these
offices
before
.
Wherfore
he
(
which
is
fostered
with
that
diuine
Manna
)
sheweth
himself
the
same
in
all
parts
of
his
life
,
contemning
worldly
treasures
,
There
remaineth
one
speciall
Caueat
after
all
these
obseruations
for
counsellors
(
which
through
their
worthinesse
and
vertues
haue
attained
a
singular
loue
&
affiance
of
their
Prince
,
to
be
credited
and
vsed
in
all
the
most
serious
&
important
causes
of
the
Commonwealth
)
which
is
;
that
,
neither
the
great
grace
of
their
princes
,
nor
the
multitudes
of
honors
and
superiorities
heaped
vpon
them
;
neither
any
vaine
gaping
vpon
the
popular
aire
(
after
which
men
growne
insolent
vpon
their
greatnesse
commonly
breathe
)
driue
them
into
practises
ambitious
;
which
are
through
want
of
due
pietie
towards
God
and
to
their
Soneraigne
,
without
any
season
of
iustice
,
or
honestie
commenced
.
Considering
therefore
first
,
what
this
pestilent
and
infernall
fire
is
;
because
in
many
Commonwealths
that
hath
oftentimes
been
the
greatest
enemie
,
which
theirowne
countries
wombe
,
and
breasts
hath
bred
and
fostered
,
I
will
in
some
principles
discouer
the
detestable
nature
,
members
,
and
fruites
of
monstrous
and
ambitious
persons
,
as
they
be
liuely
declared
at
large
by
diuers
,
which
haue
seene
humane
sacrifices
,
and
sepulchres
ouerflowing
with
ciuill
blood
,
and
haue
shewed
how
their
late
tryumphant
countries
were
sodainely
mangled
,
and
betrayed
through
the
wild-fire
of
vnnaturall
wolues
.
This
horrible
and
vnnaturall
appetite
,
is
called
,
Rabies
quadam
remerariae
Nicholas
Machiauell
remembreth
vpon
the
like
termes
)
when
he
conspired
against
the
Orsini
and
Colonnesi
.
Those
therefore
that
would
liue
magnificently
or
delicately
,
with
such
as
delight
in
hazard
,
&
they
that
prefer
warre
before
peace
,
are
for
these
actions
.
The
first
action
of
conspiracie
therefore
commonly
tendeth
to
the
cutting
off
,
and
extirpation
of
those
by
whom
the
Commonwealth
and
publique
peace
is
sustained
:
as
Piso
and
Autronius
,
quiparabant
in
Capitolio
Lucium
Torquatum
,
&
Lucium
Coitam
Coss.
interficere
.
Which
were
prepared
,
and
resolued
to
murther
Lucius
Torquatus
,
and
Lucius
Cotta
the
two
Consuls
in
the
Capitoll
.
So
did
Brutus
and
Cassius
with
others
oppresse
Caesar
,
with
their
short
daggers
in
the
Capitoll
.
So
did
the
mutinous
Guysians
deale
with
that
noble
Admirall
of
France
,
Gaspar
de
Coligni
:
An.
1572.
Caius
Cornelius
,
and
Lucius
Vargunteius
noble
patricians
,
villanously
combined
in
that
treasonable
conspiracie
with
Catilyne
.
Constituere
cum
armatis
hominibus
(
sicuti
salutatum
)
introire
ad
Ciceronem
,
ac
de
improuiso
domi
suae
imparatum
confodere
:
They
were
prouided
with
men
in
armes
,
to
come
into
the
chamber
where
Cicero
was
in
his
owne
house
,
vnder
the
colour
of
salutation
,
and
instantly
to
stabbe
him
before
he
could
suspect
them
;
Cethegus
being
appointed
captaine
of
that
guard
,
which
should
haue
attended
without
the
doores
of
his
house
.
I
could
giue
more
late
&
familiar
examples
,
as
he
which
readeth
and
conferreth
these
,
may
very
well
be
brought
to
remember
euen
in
the
same
nature
,
and
of
the
like
fashion
:
but
I
say
with
Cicero
,
Externa
libentiùs
hac
in
re
quam
domestica
recordor
:
In
these
cases
I
more
willingly
record
forraine
then
domesticall
examples
.
For
the
conference
of
causes
,
and
heads
of
the
like
plots
and
conspiracies
with
their
euents
and
issues
will
rub
vpon
their
remembrance
.
After
this
the
curioust
marshalling
,
ordering
,
and
disposing
of
their
euill
disposed
and
disordered
complices
;
as
places
,
streetes
,
and
quarters
appointed
to
be
spoyled
,
or
guarded
by
this
captaine
,
&
that
rebel
for
their
pillage
,
and
to
be
mantled
and
defaced
with
so
many
terrible
traitours
in
armes
:
some
to
surprise
such
strong
peeres
,
and
noble
persons
;
some
to
guarde
places
possessed
and
taken
;
others
to
spoile
and
make
waste
of
all
good
things
round
about
them
.
Their
nefarious
captaines
impiously
darting
those
vertues
and
graces
(
giuen
vnto
them
by
God
,
and
headed
with
the
venomous
forkes
of
ambition
and
malice
)
vpon
the
naked
breastes
of
their
natiue
contries
;
whose
minds
(
incessantly
troubled
)
breath
fourth
in
pestilent
sighes
,
in
horrible
execrations
,
in
blasphemous
oathes
,
and
in
vaineglorious
menaces
,
a
sudden
death
against
all
good
men
.
For
their
hearts
(
being
enraged
,
and
as
it
were
drunken
with
strange
and
violent
wrath
and
feritie
)
eate
,
and
hauocke
vp
the
peace
of
their
contrimen
with
incredible
immanitie
:
they
thirst
extremely
for
ciuill
blood
;
greedily
gaping
for
a
generall
spoyle
,
menacing
sword
and
fire
without
any
mercy
to
the
bodies
and
families
of
their
owne
fathers
and
contrimen
.
The
principall
conspirator
,
and
archtraitor
(
being
like
Sathan
totally
composed
of
craft
and
confusion
(
and
so
by
nature
able
to
conciliate
&
aucupate
the
friendships
&
good
willes
of
men
;
and
being
guilesully
gotten
,
to
deale
with
them
as
trecherously
)
seemeth
very
munificent
and
prodigal
of
gifts
and
treasure
;
howbeit
most
rauenous
in
auarice
of
other
mens
possessions
,
present
in
counsell
,
and
hatefull
in
all
temeritie
.
These
are
they
which
open
the
prisons
,
letting
loose
the
wolues
,
beares
,
and
foxes
,
of
the
Commonwealth
out
of
their
chaines
:
which
furiously
reioyce
and
exult
(
as
on
the
deuils
feast
day
)
to
ransacke
honest
mens
houses
,
and
to
keepe
a
bloody
triumph
in
the
defaced
streetes
.
Before
them
their
captaine
(
as
vpon
a
tragicall
stage
made
of
murther
and
of
dead
bodies
,
a
man
resolute
and
steeled
in
thoughts
and
actions
of
spight
,
and
smoaking
slaughter
of
his
owne
contrimen
)
calleth
,
and
commandeth
some
of
his
Canniballes
to
feede
vpon
the
flesh
,
and
to
drinke
the
blood
of
such
noble
persons
,
and
of
others
in
the
place
of
high
magistracie
:
some
he
commandeth
vnto
the
spoyle
and
sacke
of
houses
;
many
to
set
fire
,
and
to
lay
waste
such
ports
,
bastilles
,
and
noble
fortresses
,
fenced
against
them
:
matrons
,
and
wiues
being
torne
from
their
husbands
embracements
become
wofull
subiects
of
their
insatiate
lustes
;
widowes
left
naked
of
all
wealth
and
comfort
,
both
of
them
lamentably
subiected
to
their
bloody
weapons
:
young
maidens
,
and
daughters
wrung
from
their
parents
bosomes
,
rauished
,
polluted
,
and
violated
with
villanous
abhomination
:
their
most
precious
iewels
openly
carried
in
their
sight
away
from
them
,
which
lie
bound
and
pitteously
wounded
,
without
hope
of
any
recouerie
;
round
about
houses
burning
;
and
carcases
some
mortally
wounded
,
diuerse
breathlesse
,
and
all
wallowing
in
blood
:
others
lying
in
the
high-wayes
and
ditches
,
mantled
ouer
and
staunched
full
with
humane
bodies
;
finally
no
noyse
but
of
murthers
woundes
teares
clashing
of
weapons
,
breaking
vp
of
doores
,
grones
and
outcries
;
with
the
mortall
lamentations
of
fathers
,
men
,
old
wiues
,
women
,
and
children
.
Behold
here
the
bloody
scene
of
sedition
,
which
euen
nature
abhorreth
to
behold
,
and
reason
shuddereth
to
consider
;
can
any
thing
be
more
flagitious
vpon
earth
,
then
to
bestow
that
life
which
our
owne
contrey
breathed
into
our
bodies
,
by
the
sufferance
of
God
vnto
the
ruine
and
calamitie
thereof
vtterly
repugnant
to
the
will
of
God
?
or
can
any
thing
bee
thought
of
more
abhominable
,
then
to
deuise
the
torture
&
seruitude
of
them
whom
the
same
lawes
and
fashions
of
life
haue
included
within
the
same
limits
,
liberties
,
and
houses
with
vs
?
Certaine
it
is
therefore
which
Cicero
noteth
out
of
Dicaearchus
the
Peripatetike
.
Homines
hominum
impetu
plures
deleri
;
id
est
bellis
&
seditionibus
&c.
quam
reliqua
calamitate
.
More
men
by
the
violence
of
men
(
which
is
by
warre
,
seditions
,
and
rebellious
treasons
)
are
wasted
,
then
with
any
other
calamitie
.
And
hence
is
that
prouerbe
.
Homo
homini
lupus
,
homo
homini
Deus
.
A
man
is
a
wolfe
amongst
men
:
and
a
god
vnto
men
.
For
in
a
noble
and
good
action
against
forreine
oppressors
of
our
friends
or
of
our
liberties
,
it
is
a
dutifull
piety
that
contrimen
combine
in
armes
:
howbeit
to
rise
vp
in
rage
one
against
another
is
more
then
brutish
;
&
therfore
Cicero
concludeth
thus
,
homines
hominibus
plurimum
prosunt
,
&
obsunt
.
Men
are
very
beneficiall
,
and
offensiue
vnto
men
.
If
into
any
such
impious
&
horrible
practises
,
or
coniurations
(
either
by
faction
,
feare
,
or
affection
)
any
noble
counsellor
should
be
drawen
;
let
him
assure
himselfe
that
the
second
punishment
besides
that
fearefull
danger
of
the
first
is
most
intollerable
,
&
I
had
almost
said
inexpiable
.
Euery
right
noble
and
vertuous
counsellor
therefore
will
labour
,
(
as
Cicero
writeth
)
to
deliberate
in
such
cases
,
whether
they
should
wittingly
become
honest
,
in
auoyding
that
which
they
know
to
be
reasonable
;
or
whether
they
should
wilfully
become
wicked
in
the
toppe
of
traytorie
.
For
they
be
deemed
impious
and
abhominable
which
make
a
question
thereof
:
In
ipsa
namque
dubitatione
facinus
inest
etiamsi
ad
id
non
peruenerins
.
For
in
the
combate
or
doubt
Honesta
bonis
viris
non
occultapetuntur
.
Good
men
delight
in
open
honestie
,
not
in
hidden
practises
.
But
I
deeme
how
no
truely-noble
nature
can
be
so
farre
debauched
or
corrupted
,
vnlesse
by
flatterers
and
malicious
minyons
,
to
whom
for
the
most
part
great
spirits
are
most
addicted
.
But
those
which
are
of
such
hot
and
violent
natures
,
be
grieuous
dissemblers
and
temporizors
,
vntill
such
time
as
oppo●…tunitie
may
fitly
serue
them
,
to
the
weltering
and
ouertuning
of
states
:
for
let
a
Prince
aduance
to
place
of
high
dignitie
men
of
those
dispositions
,
he
shall
presently
finde
their
conditions
:
Magistratus
namque
virum
indicat
.
and
according
to
Salust
.
Difficillimnm
est
illis
in
potestatibus
temperare
,
qui
per
ambitionem
sese
probos
simulauere
.
It
is
very
difficult
for
men
to
beare
good
temper
in
authoritie
,
which
(
to
further
their
ambition
)
haue
counterfeited
themselues
honest
.
Diuers
men
of
Nobily
likewise
haue
through
some
melancholike
suggestion
,
by
reading
of
of
Hystories
written
to
good
purpose
and
example
,
falne
into
these
extremities
:
Omnia
namque
mala
exempla
ex
bonis
initijs
orta
.
For
all
bad
examples
are
bred
out
of
good
beginnings
.
When
wicked
men
(
seeking
to
attaine
soueraigntie
by
the
oppression
of
good
soueraignes
)
perueit
the
good
example
of
true
,
renowned
,
and
vertuous
Princes
;
which
more
coueting
their
countries
libertie
,
then
their
priuate
dignitie
,
did
suppresse
tyrannous
vsurpers
.
Howbeit
,
we
may
read
of
some
noble
Gentlemen
,
which
haue
been
drawne
into
treason
against
their
Prince
and
countrey
,
through
consanguinitie
,
faction
,
or
affection
of
parties
;
and
some
through
a
mortall
lincke
of
amitie
,
which
tieth
or
combineth
them
to
the
treason
of
some
archtraitors
,
vpon
some
greiuous
ground
of
discontentment
conceiued
against
the
Prince
,
or
against
some
of
his
neerest
friends
in
counsell
:
yet
if
these
Doues
should
chance
to
fall
into
those
nets
amongst
Crows
,
it
were
great
pittie
they
should
vndergo
legall
censure
if
they
would
be
penitent
and
become
loyall
;
hauing
any
specious
tokens
and
apparance
of
good
nature
,
desert
&
faculties
to
benefit
their
countries
in
aftertime
;
as
hath
appeared
by
manifold
examples
of
diuers
gracious
Princes
;
&
amongst
others
by
Henry
du
Bourbon
,
the
French
kings
late
pardon
vnto
the
royall
Bastard
of
Au●…ergne
,
who
was
confederated
in
treason
with
the
Marischall
Byron
:
For
to
cut
off
many
Nobles
together
(
after
the
head
be
taken
away
,
when
any
good
hope
of
ensuing
grace
remaineth
by
the
rest
aliue
,
as
some
men
thinke
)
were
merely
snperfluous
;
but
of
this
point
I
purpose
to
speake
somewhat
in
my
third
Booke
,
as
occasion
will
offer
.
Yet
in
these
cases
,
Princes
should
proue
very
circumspect
Philosophers
,
in
sounding
and
measuring
the
natures
and
inclinations
of
their
ministers
,
rewarding
,
cherishing
,
disgracing
,
and
disliking
those
,
and
these
as
vpon
good
grounds
to
their
wisedoms
shall
seeme
most
fit
;
and
when
any
such
seditious
and
turbulent
actions
haue
taken
fire
,
then
behooueth
it
them
,
and
all
other
noble
magistrates
,
Operam
strenuè
dare
ne
quidrespublica
detrimenti
capiat
.
Stoutly
to
labour
,
that
the
Commonwealth
may
not
be
by
those
meanes
preiudiced
.
Whereas
the
very
best
way
to
crosse
,
and
conuince
all
ambition
and
sedition
is
by
their
contraries
,
which
are
good
artes
,
true
vertues
,
and
apparant
iustice
:
and
these
(
if
any
noble
Magistrate
shall
exercise
them
)
will
clearely
purge
all
those
pestilent
and
contagious
humours
.
It
is
written
in
the
life
of
the
Emperour
Titus
:
how
when
diuers
which
did
conspire
his
death
,
with
the
confusion
of
that
Empire
,
were
brought
prisoners
vnto
him
;
his
speech
vnto
them
was
thus
:
Videtisné
potestates
fato
dari
?
fr●…straque
facinus
tentari
patrandi
spe
,
vel
amittendi
metu
?
Perceiue
you
not
now
that
principalities
and
powers
are
fatally
distributed
?
and
that
mortall
men
,
in
vaine
attempt
hainous
practises
,
either
in
some
hope
by
the
effecting
of
them
;
or
in
a
feare
of
failing
or
miscarrying
in
their
ensignements
?
For
sure
it
is
,
that
traitors
&
seditious
rebels
,
are
prouided
by
Gods
ordinance
as
his
rods
&
scourges
of
discipline
and
indignation
,
to
worke
out
his
will
amongst
many
Nations
and
people
;
but
more
certaine
it
is
that
they
cannot
afflict
,
torture
,
or
preuaile
more
then
is
permitted
by
that
hand
which
directeth
them
:
but
most
sure
,
certaine
,
and
true
this
is
;
that
commonly
these
sharpe
rods
of
rebellion
,
are
made
of
thornes
and
brambles
,
destined
to
such
ende
as
hangemen
and
condemned
persons
,
which
are
made
executioners
of
others
.
Needfull
hath
God
in
his
wisedome
seene
,
that
there
should
be
treasons
,
but
woe
be
to
those
that
execute
them
:
it
had
been
good
for
them
,
that
they
neuer
had
quickened
in
the
seed
of
man
.
For
no
sooner
hath
the
father
punished
his
children
with
those
vngracious
twigges
,
but
in
a
tender
compassion
he
casteth
them
into
the
fire
,
and
some-times
burneth
the
rod
before
it
be
vsed
;
because
his
wrath
shall
not
continue
still
against
his
,
which
if
a
little
while
it
might
endure
(
after
once
it
were
kindled
)
what
mortall
man
were
able
to
brooke
the
smart
thereof
?
There
is
one
ambitious
rule
,
which
the
Machiuilian
politicks
haue
taught
few
princes
were
honest
and
faithfull
,
either
because
no
princes
in
his
time
did
beare
any
soueraignetie
but
tyrannes
:
or
else
because
hee
deemed
in
his
vaine
opinions
,
that
without
some
sinister
and
crooked
meanes
,
kings
could
not
retaine
their
principalities
;
which
Cicero
to
this
effect
distinguisheth
,
as
if
the
Comoedian
had
onely
ment
Thales
Melesius
,
who
deemed
it
impossible
,
that
tyrannes
should
liue
vntill
were
old
,
according
to
this
of
the
Poet
Iuuenall
.
Ad
generum
Cereris
siue
caede
&
vulnere
pauci
,
Descendunt
reges
,
&
sicca
morte
Tyanni
.
Few
tyrannous
kings
end
their
liues
naturally
;
but
by
slaughter
,
wounds
,
or
treason
.
Moreouer
,
it
is
most
certeine
,
that
a
vertuous
and
honest
spirit
deemeth
it
a
great
burthen
to
be
a
king
;
the
glorrie
wherof
cannot
counteruaile
the
tenth
part
of
the
miserie
which
adioyneth
it
:
were
it
not
therefore
the
imposition
of
God
,
&
that
they
dare
not
withstand
the
diuine
iniunction
and
commission
of
the
most
highest
;
who
iustly
calleth
many
princes
to
sit
vpon
his
seate
,
and
to
iudge
the
people
on
earth
,
I
perswade
my selfe
that
diuers
would
haue
refused
or
resigned
their
iust
inheritances
of
kingdomes
vpon
such
considerations
.
Howbeit
many
good
men
lawfully
called
(
such
as
Numa
Pompilius
,
&
Heluius
Pertinax
haue
voluntarily
renounced
and
resigned
vp
their
estates
:
according
to
that
saying
of
Cicero
,
Multi
sunt
&
fueruut
qui
tranquilitatem
But
to
proceed
in
my
discourse
,
certaine
it
is
as
I
said
,
that
men
naturally
be
so
much
the
more
ambitious
or
ready
to
take
hold
of
that
poyson
,
how
much
the
more
they
be
fortunate
:
onely
malicious
flatterers
,
such
as
haue
put
vpon
their
hearts
that
vicious
habite
of
speaking
and
soothing
men
vp
in
all
things
plausible
vnto
them
;
ytching
their
eares
with
painted
hopes
;
kindling
discontentment
in
them
against
other
great
persons
&
fellow
counsellors
neere
their
soueraigne
,
hatch
ambition
in
the
hands
and
hearts
of
them
which
haue
alwayes
bene
busied
in
mightie
matters
;
ministring
some
salt
cause
of
vnsatiable
heat
and
thirst
of
reuenge
against
their
peeres
;
vpon
some
vnperfect
grounds
plotted
and
leuelled
by
their
turbulent
and
malicious
heads
and
hearts
.
And
this
out
of
their
spightfull
humours
(
tending
intirely
to
the
alteration
,
ruine
,
and
spoyle
of
their
countrimen
)
is
set
abroach
,
as
in
a
late
counsellour
and
peere
of
this
land
too
plainely
was
seene
,
which
occasioned
his
ouerthrow
.
Credulitie
before
touched
is
a
meane
to
moue
these
perturbations
:
which
neuer
can
happen
to
that
counsellor
,
whose
actions
and
consultations
are
honorably
directed
in
the
true
feare
of
God
,
and
of
his
prince
:
who
will
not
permit
any
trust
of
such
matters
where
the
vulgar
beareth
standard
,
vpon
whose
force
and
faith
relying
diuers
princes
and
potentates
haue
mainely
miscaried
with
losse
of
their
states
and
liues
,
and
some
also
by
pertaking
with
them
in
their
vnperfect
quarrels
;
which
leaning
vpon
their
succours
aimed
at
such
dignities
as
neither
were
preordained
nor
fit
for
them
:
for
they
be
variable
,
giddie
headed
,
Qui
pendet
ab
errore
&
opinione
vulgi
Pendet
magis
,
at
que
arbore
qui
pendet
ab
alta
.
He
which
dependeth
vpon
the
error
and
opinion
of
the
vulgar
,
holdeth
more
nicely
then
he
which
doth
hang
ready
to
fall
from
the
highest
branch
of
a
tall
tree
.
Most
of
which
(
being
enraged
with
a
lust
of
Innouation
)
would
willingly
strangle
themselues
in
the
throat
of
the
Commonwealth
:
&
though
they
partake
with
traitors
and
highly
fauour
the
treason
,
yet
if
they
finde
it
once
displayed
and
boulted
out
,
(
for
their
hearts
are
prone
to
tumult
)
then
will
they
presently
curse
him
that
marshalled
them
in
their
treasons
;
shewing
themselues
most
forward
in
apprehension
,
and
punishing
of
him
and
of
his
follwers
.
And
if
their
Arch-captaine
in
that
commotion
or
sedition
be
taken
,
or
if
his
practises
be
frustrated
;
it
hath
beene
alwayes
noted
that
they
then
begin
most
vehemently
to
commend
him
,
which
is
&
was
his
greatest
aduersarie
,
whom
doubtlesly
they
would
(
had
fortune
otherwise
turned
)
haue
miserably
massacred
and
slaughtred
:
declaring
(
like
apparant
Camelions
which
turne
colour
with
euery
die
)
great
gladnesse
in
their
feasts
,
and
bonefyers
;
as
if
they
were
deliuered
from
that
seruitude
,
which
like
faint-hearted
hypocrites
and
time
seruitors
they
first
desired
,
&
hunted
for
.
The
like
example
was
seen
amongst
those
rabble
of
the
Romanes
which
did
partake
with
Catyline
,
so
long
as
his
treasons
tooke
good
head
:
but
when
he
grew
weake
and
remediles
;
then
,
Mutatamente
Catylinae
consilia
execrari
;
Ciceronem
ad
caelum
tollere
ceperunt
.
The
case
being
altered
,
they
with
execrations
condemne
the
counsell
of
Catyline
;
extolling
Cicero
to
the
heauens
.
It
is
therefore
found
great
weakenesse
in
wise
men
,
to
trust
vnto
the
rude
,
ignorant
,
and
vndisciplined
multitude
;
and
he
which
is
instructed
in
morall
Phylosophy
,
will
neuer
put
affiance
in
them
,
vnlesse
it
be
where
their
Captaine
is
the
best
man
in
field
,
and
where
they
must
either
fight
like
men
,
or
die
like
dogs
without
resistance
.
For
by
Phylosophy
men
are
taught
(
as
I
said
before
)
to
know
themselues
,
and
how
to
measure
and
master
their
owne
force
.
Example
of
this
is
recorded
of
the
Gracchi
,
&
of
Spurius
Melius
.
For
though
it
be
(
as
was
before
said
)
commendable
and
necessarie
for
vertuous
counsellors
to
regard
,
and
make
sute
for
dignities
and
preferments
at
their
princes
hands
,
whose
faithfulnesse
,
diligence
,
and
generall
good
desert
,
worthily
may
require
the
same
:
so
doth
it
without
all
doubt
import
the
contrary
,
when
they
by
wicked
means
would
aspire
to
soueraigntie
:
which
happeneth
commonly
through
neglect
of
Gods
worship
,
and
contempt
of
their
liege
soueraigne
:
none
of
which
as
it
is
generally
found
in
all
writers
of
Hystories
or
Chronicles
,
haue
long
enioyed
that
,
which
by
such
impious
and
vniust
meanes
hath
been
catched
;
and
most
of
them
perished
in
the
beginnings
and
executions
,
which
with
some
examples
I
thinke
it
a
thing
not
impertinent
to
confirme
.
Agathocles
the
Sycilian
,
sonne
to
a
Potter
,
through
his
malicious
quicknesse
&
subtilties
,
attained
by
fauour
of
the
Syracusians
,
first
to
bee
made
their
Pretor
:
and
after
(
through
helpe
of
his
friend
Amilchar
,
Generall
of
an
armie
which
then
serued
in
Sycill
,
with
whom
he
conspired
)
hunting
ambitiously
for
the
soueraigne
power
of
that
State
,
at
a
signall
giuen
,
diuers
armed
persons
sodainly
rushing
out
in
a
chamber
,
where
the
principals
vnder
the
pretext
of
serious
consultation
were
assembled
,
slaughtered
the
Citizens
and
Senators
,
wherby
he
became
prince
of
that
State
.
After
that
precedent
,
Olyuerotto
di
Fermo
by
treacherous
murther
of
his
Vncle
Giouanni
Fogliani
,
and
of
the
Fermanes
,
became
prince
of
Fermo
:
who
by
the
Commande
of
Caesar
Borgia
,
then
Generall
of
his
father
Pope
Alexander
the
sixt
,
his
forces
by
traine
vnder
the
like
trust
of
consultation
with
Orsino
,
Baglioni
Prince
of
Perugia
,
&
others
was
imprisoned
and
strangled
.
Lodovik
Sforza
Duke
of
Milane
,
by
vsurpation
hauing
impoisoned
his
Nephew
Giouanni
Galliacio
,
did
aspire
to
that
principallitie
which
some
did
suppose
,
was
a
great
cause
of
the
ruyne
and
seruitude
of
●…alie
,
with
infinite
other
calamities
:
which
as
Francis
Guicciardine
writeth
,
happened
vpon
it
in
Christendome
;
whose
whole
race
was
extinct
not
long
after
.
I
will
not
omit
that
which
is
yet
f●…sh
late
Chronicles
;
and
hath
been
many
times
represented
vnto
the
vulgar
vpon
our
English
Theaters
,
of
Richard
Plantaginet
,
third
sonne
to
Richard
Duke
of
〈◊〉
who
(
being
eldest
brother
next
su●…iuing
to
King
Edward
the
fourth
,
〈◊〉
hee
had
●…naturally
made
away
his
elder
brother
,
George
Duke
of
〈◊〉
(
〈◊〉
he
thought
a
grieuous
eye
sore
betwixt
him
and
the
marke
〈◊〉
which
he
leuelled
)
did
vpon
death
of
the
King
his
brother
,
take
vpon
him
protection
of
〈◊〉
Realme
,
vnder
his
two
Nephewes
left
in
his
brotherly
〈◊〉
both
which
he
caused
at
once
to
be
smothered
together
,
within
〈◊〉
:
his
Maiesties
Tower
,
at
London
:
which
ominous
bad
lodging
in
memoriall
thereof
,
is
to
this
day
knowne
,
and
called
by
name
of
th●…●…dly
Tower
▪
Hereupon
,
this
odious
Vncle
vsurped
the
crowne
,
but
within
li●…le
〈◊〉
two
yeeres
was
deposed
,
&
confounded
in
the
Battell
at
Bosworth
in
Leycester
shire
:
1485.
by
King
Henry
the
seuenth
,
sent
by
God
to
make
resti●…
of
the
peoples
liberties
;
and
after
so
long
and
h●…ble
a
sh●…re
of
ciuill
blood
,
〈◊〉
send
a
golden
sun-shine
of
peace
,
closed
vp
in
the
p●…ely
leuies
of
that
sweet
,
&
modest
Rose
of
Lancaster
which
being
wo●…e
in
the
〈◊〉
bosome
of
Lady
.
Elizabeth
the
daughter
of
King
Edward
,
(
late
mentioned
of
the
Family
of
Yorke
)
dispersed
those
seditious
cloudes
of
warre
which
had
a
long
time
obscured
our
firmament
of
peace
,
banishing
that
sulphurous
smoke
of
the
newly
deuised
Cannon
,
with
the
diuine
odour
of
that
blessed
inoculation
of
Roses
:
yeelding
by
their
sacred
vnion
the
Lady
Margaret
,
the
firstflower
of
that
coniunction
;
and
great
Grand-mother
(
as
I
declared
)
to
our
Soueraignes
Maiestie
,
in
these
happy
bodyes
raigning
ouer
vs
:
whose
blessed
raigne
,
I
beseech
God
to
lengthen
as
the
dayes
of
heauen
.
Henry
Duke
of
Guyse
,
father
to
this
yong
Duke
now
liuing
in
France
,
aspiring
couertly
to
that
greatnesse
,
which
neither
his
birth
nor
conscience
(
albeit
well
guarded
by
the
Church
of
Rome
)
could
assure
him
;
fell
in
the
very
bowels
of
his
ambition
vnder
that
guard
,
which
if
he
could
,
should
haue
been
spectators
of
their
Soueraignes
tragoedie
.
Charles
du
Lorreyne
,
likewise
i●…ke
du
Mayne
,
and
brother
to
that
Duke
of
Guyse
(
after
that
he
had
many
yeeres
waged
warre
against
his
naturall
Soueraigne
Henry
of
Burbo●…
,
now
the
fourth
French
King
of
that
name
;
and
had
vsurped
the
titles
,
coynes
,
crowne
,
and
royalties
of
that
Realme
,
which
he
then
miserably
tortured
,
holding
his
liege
Lord
at
the
pikes
point
in
most
hostile
defiance
,
was
at
length
shamefully
put
to
flight
:
in
restoring
of
which
vngratefull
Duke
to
his
office
of
Le
gra●…d
Chambellane
du
France
(
though
it
was
done
by
mightie
means
and
mediation
)
the
king
liuing
hath
declared
much
clemencie
,
The
late
successe
of
Marischall
Byron
in
France
,
for
practizing
against
the
crowne
and
life
of
his
Soucraigne
,
with
the
faction
of
Spaine
,
being
sofresh
in
our
memories
by
the
ransome
of
that
capitall
treason
(
with
his
head
,
which
payd
it
)
need
not
to
be
much
stood
vpon
.
Neither
those
ambitious
conspiracies
of
the
Earle
Gourey
in
Scotland
,
against
his
Highnesse
sacred
life
,
miraculously
protected
and
preserued
by
God
for
the
weale
and
gouernment
of
his
people
.
Adde
herevnto
the
late
practises
of
our
vnworthy
Gentlemen
of
England
,
against
his
annoynted
Maiestie
;
whosemercy
doth
yet
appeare
much
great
,
as
were
their
treasons
.
By
these
and
other
examples
,
infinite
of
that
nature
appeareth
how
needfull
it
is
,
that
Magistrates
in
such
place
haue
great
care
and
feare
of
falles
,
when
they
seeke
to
scale
flipperie
promotions
beyond
their
reach
:
which
are
onely
bestowed
by
diuine
prouidence
,
and
not
any
wayes
disposed
by
humane
policie
:
This
also
did
the
diuine
Scalliger
obserue
in
his
aduise
to
such
ambicious
firebrands
,
which
after
th'
eruption
of
a
fewe
turbulent
sparkes
,
soone
and
on
a
sudden
ende
in
cold
,
and
dead
embers
.
Certo
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
&
tua
metire
probando
:
Ne
scande
Locos
equibus
inde
sit
vuendum
.
By
good
proofe
and
experience
learne
to
moderate
thy selfe
:
seeke
not
to
clime
vnto
such
places
from
whence
thou
must
haue
a
fall
.
Beware
therefore
of
this
fearefull
elation
of
the
spirit
,
towards
corporall
promotions
and
benefits
:
and
if
griefe
or
discontentment
vpon
good
ground
seaze
vpon
vs
,
let
vs
arme
our selues
with
constancie
to
beare
and
to
conuert
all
wrongs
and
tribulations
,
into
the
practise
and
vse
of
vertues
:
by
which
meanes
we
shall
so
charme
all
dolours
and
perturbations
,
that
they
can
haue
no
power
to
brande
or
torture
vs
.
Adde
hereunto
this
precept
of
Master
Francis
Guycciardine
,
that
counsellors
in
weigtie
matters
shew
deliberation
and
slownesse
of
tongue
and
foote
:
the
cnstome
of
their
seruice
fed
with
the
bitter
hearbe
patience
(
which
bringeth
peace
at
the
last
)
should
so
farre
preuaile
with
them
in
most
causes
;
that
the
more
wrongs
they
receiue
at
their
Princes
hands
,
the
more
patience
and
dutie
they
should
declare
.
This
,
least
I
become
more
tedious
then
pleasant
or
profitable
to
the
Reader
,
I
thinke
sufficient
concerning
the
principal
qualities
and
offices
in
a
counsellor
:
many
more
seuerally
might
be
recounted
,
howbeit
as
adiuncts
or
dependances
vnto
these
before
specified
.
And
some
fewe
which
herein
are
exexpressed
,
will
make
a
man
honourable
,
and
esteemed
according
to
that
saying
of
Salust
,
Multa
vari●…que
sunt
artes
animi
quibus
summa
claritudo
comparatur
:
Herein
,
not
presumptuously
nor
ouer
weaningly
,
to
limit
men
in
wisedome
and
authoritie
,
so
far
beyond
my
censure
and
aboue
my
degree
,
to
such
things
which
proceed
from
my
weake
and
vnripe
opinions
;
but
to
giue
a
methodicall
taste
of
my
iudgement
,
grounded
vpon
the
sound
opinions
of
men
prudent
and
very
learned
,
consorting
in
sweete
Harmonie
,
with
the
Lawgiuers
,
Commonwealths-masters
,
and
prudent
Philosphers
of
former
ages
.
In
them
for
my
part
resting
well
satiffied
:
&
yet
with
such
due
respect
as
by
submitting
my selfe
in
all
reuerence
and
humiltie
to
the
sounder
iudgements
approued
wisedomes
,
and
gentler
corrections
of
men
learned
and
experienced
in
offices
of
state
with
a
decent
obedience
and
readinesse
,
I
doe
desire
to
bee
both
instructed
better
,
and
reformed
in
any
point
,
which
their
wisedomes
shall
deeme
expedient
herein
.
To
conclude
therefore
in
opposition
to
them
that
haue
violently
and
sodainly
,
fallen
from
the
throne
of
soueraigntie
by
their
ambition
;
with
such
as
merely
by
their
vertues
haue
been
aduanced
,
and
established
kingdoms
in
their
long
succeeding
posteritie
,
through
many
generations
.
I
will
speake
somewhat
as
well
for
their
encouragement
which
are
verely
noble
;
as
for
the
reformation
of
those
that
are
proude
,
abiect
,
&
ambitious
.
Hee
which
deserueth
well
,
and
laboureth
in
the
common
cause
of
his
Countrey
with
iustice
and
sinceritie
,
may
worthily
seeke
for
condigne
prefe●…ment
at
the
Prince
his
hands
:
for
if
euery
laborer
meriteth
wages
,
what
doth
he
which
incessantly
busieth
himselfe
in
procuring
,
ayding
,
and
maintaining
the
peace
and
riches
of
the
Common-wealth
?
Magnae
namquè
curae
magna
merces
est
:
The
reward
is
great
which
appertaineth
to
a
great
charge
:
as
Salust
in
his
Oration
to
Caesar.
This
care
and
zealous
desire
to
dignifie
that
Nation
which
gaue
the
first
light
to
his
life
,
is
the
perfectest
token
of
a
good
Counsellors
vertue
.
Virtutique
perfectae
nonfiet
condignus
honor
;
Perfect
vertue
cannot
be
sufficiently
honoured
;
saith
Aristotle
.
And
according
to
Patricius
;
he
which
killeth
with
the
sword
,
shall
perish
therwith
:
(
which
is
meant
by
murtheres
▪
that
either
fall
vnder
the
spirituall
or
ciuill
sword
of
Gods
iustice
,
or
of
the
Kings
)
so
certaine
is
it
,
that
he
which
studieth
innouation
,
disorder
,
and
confusion
(
through
the
secret
rage
of
his
owne
ambitious
malice
and
greedinesse
)
shall
vtterly
be
confounded
.
If
therefore
we
should
endeuour
to
recount
the
numbers
of
them
,
that
in
this
f●…ious
spirit
of
Lucifer
haue
perished
;
it
were
infinite
,
and
vnpossible
.
In
contrary
,
let
vs
call
to
remembrance
such
vertuous
men
,
as
from
meane
estate
(
through
their
owne
honesties
)
haue
attained
great
dignities
,
and
principallities
:
we
shall
finde
their
number
exceede
any
common
Register
.
Howbeit
,
one
hundred
vicious
and
ambitious
persons
,
haue
in
all
Ages
appeared
by
proportion
(
if
a
man
may
so
terme
it
)
for
one
halfe
of
a
vertuous
man
.
Vertue
was
it
which
first
aduauced
Saul
fró
keeping
of
Asses
,
to
be
king
in
Israel
.
that
he
had
found
a
man
after
his
owne
heart
:
commanding
the
Prophet
to
raise
Tullus
Hostilius
,
a
poore
Neat-heard
,
of
obscure
and
vnknowne
parentage
,
raigned
ouer
the
Romans
.
By
such
vertue
Ventidius
Bassus
(
in
high
fauour
with
Cayus
Caesaer
)
who
was
a
poore
mans
sonne
,
and
had
bene
a
muletter
was
first
made
Tribune
of
the
people
,
after
that
Pretor
,
then
Archbishop
,
&
lastly
Consull
:
wherupon
that
libell
was
cast
out
in
spight
of
vertue
(
which
hath
alwaies
many
persecutors
)
mulos
qui
fricabat
,
consul
factus
est
;
in
my
iudgement
wholy
tending
to
the
honour
Darius
,
Archilaus
,
with
others
infinite
priuate
persons
and
Philosophers
were
in
regard
of
their
vertues
preferred
to
kingdomes
&
principalities
.
Let
therefore
vertue
be
the
pure
substance
of
our
actions
and
consultations
;
for
it
commaundeth
by
the
force
of
a
more
then
worldly
spirit
,
all
earthly
promotions
and
blessings
:
considering
how
sapience
and
vertue
be
called
the
grounds
by
which
man
is
resembled
vnto
God
.
It
resteth
now
that
I
declare
the
bodily
tokens
and
complections
which
are
obserued
by
some
special
writers
in
choise
of
a
counsellor
:
for
as
in
al
weighty
matters
,
it
is
euident
amongst
wise
men
,
that
great
iudgement
and
obseruation
is
vsed
;
so
should
it
appeare
much
rather
in
a
matter
of
such
speciall
importance
as
this
is
;
for
so
much
as
vpon
these
counsellors
the
wealth
and
health
of
princes
and
principalities
depend
.
By
these
exterior
properties
,
much
may
be
gathered
of
the
interior
faculties
before
declared
(
as
Ceriolano
thinketh
)
albeit
they
doe
not
hold
generally
certaine
;
for
coniecturals
are
as
notes
or
signes
,
which
may
sometimes
deceiue
;
and
yet
not
to
be
reiected
neither
:
For
(
as
Aristotle
and
other
Philosophers
write
)
their
are
markes
and
accidents
or
signes
in
mens
bodies
figuring
their
priuate
affections
.
In
some
beautifull
persons
,
there
is
a
kind
of
venerable
maiestie
.
A
comely
countenance
and
pleasing
face
,
greatly
graceth
a
counsellor
;
yeelding
good
correspondence
to
his
dignitie
.
Hence
was
it
that
Socrates
did
preferre
before
all
others
beautifull
persons
to
the
studies
of
Philosophie
;
supposing
that
this
outward
pulchritude
did
represent
to
life
the
picture
of
diuine
beautie
.
And
albeit
sometimes
within
a
sower
countenance
,
a
most
beautifull
nature
is
planted
,
and
a
right
excellent
knowledge
,
mind
,
and
iudgement
within
a
bodie
not
absolute
in
composition
and
membrature
;
yet
is
it
very
rare
to
be
seene
:
and
howmuch
the
more
rarely
such
persons
are
found
,
so
much
more
excellent
and
rare
,
are
their
interior
vertues
&
perfections
,
if
we
compare
them
with
others
in
their
natures
,
being
intended
here
to
that
beautie
,
which
Cicero
doth
ascribe
vnto
dignitie
and
not
to
comely
colour
:
considering
how
the
true
pulchritude
is
interior
;
whereas
in
effeminate
and
affected
beautie
nothing
is
absolute
.
For
if
we
consider
it
,
Nature
her selfe
being
prouided
of
a
competent
force
,
placeth
her
most
arte
and
studies
in
fashioning
of
the
braine
,
which
(
as
I
said
)
is
the
principall
seate
of
our
reasonable
soule
.
And
hence
it
is
,
that
some
men
which
in
other
members
seeme
foule
and
deformed
,
yet
prooue
to
bee
most
prudent
and
of
admirable
fine
wits
.
It
was
written
by
diuers
Hystorians
,
that
amongst
barbarous
and
wilde
people
,
the
visible
beautie
was
had
in
much
admiration
and
honour
:
and
therefore
was
great
Alexander
despised
by
the
Queene
of
Amazons
,
because
in
so
puisant
a
prince
she
found
not
so
pleasing
a
comelinesses
,
as
in
her
fantasie
was
thought
that
a
man
of
such
a
famous
and
exceeding
valor
and
victories
should
haue
,
the
report
of
which
moued
her
to
visite
him
,
as
Queene
Saba
did
Salomon
,
who
was
angellicall
both
in
exterior
and
interior
pulchritude
.
The
complection
therefore
of
such
a
magistrate
should
be
temperate
,
either
sanguine
,
or
chollericke
:
for
such
persons
commonly
be
sharpe
witted
;
of
a
sound
iudgement
,
and
durable
quicke
memorie
:
they
be
iust
,
affable
,
faithfull
,
beneficent
,
magnificent
,
magnanimious
,
strong
,
valiant
,
&
well
attempered
with
alacritie
,
agilitie
,
and
health
of
bodie
;
if
their
natures
be
not
with
bad
custome
depraued
or
corrupted
.
The
spirits
of
persons
melancholike
are
dried
vp
,
and
earthie
;
rude
,
heauie
,
vaine
,
detesting
honorable
thoughts
;
malicious
,
supersticious
,
suspitious
,
enuious
,
ful
of
sorow
,
vexation
,
and
contumely
;
how
much
more
in
age
,
so
much
lesse
in
knowledge
.
Neither
are
flegmatike
persons
eligible
by
the
course
of
nature
;
being
vicious
,
and
vnapt
for
learning
,
by
the
rule
of
Philosophie
.
The
stature
of
them
therefore
which
are
ordained
,
should
be
meane
;
the
whole
corporall
membrature
,
iust
,
and
proportionable
;
a
visage
liberall
and
ingenuous
,
eloquently
conciliating
beneuolence
and
authoritie
.
For
the
reasonable
soule
(
being
gathered
into
a
narrow
roome
)
hath
more
force
to
worke
;
then
as
the
sappe
in
a
long
slender
tree
which
extending
vnto
the
top
and
hight
of
many
tall
branches
produceth
lesse
store
of
fruit
by
much
;
then
it
would
haue
done
in
a
brushie
,
short
well
knitted
,
and
tenderly
branched
tree
,
whose
radicall
humour
worketh
in
much
lesse
compasse
.
Howbeit
I
denie
not
but
in
the
purest
and
best
attempred
complections
,
according
with
the
iudgements
of
diuerse
excellent
naturallists
and
Philosophers
,
the
power
concupiscenciall
will
greatly
predominate
and
incite
men
to
sinne
.
Yet
if
persons
of
those
cleare
constitutions
and
complections
shall
moderate
their
mentall
perturbations
and
carnall
appetites
;
no
men
of
other
complections
can
haue
power
to
come
neare
vnto
them
in
vertues
;
if
they
set
their
hearts
vpon
righteousnesse
,
and
call
vpon
the
name
of
the
most
highest
.
For
vnto
this
precious
gift
of
temperance
their
nature
is
most
neare
;
because
their
braines
are
lesse
prouoked
by
the
distemperature
of
their
inferior
irascible
and
concupiscentiall
parts
.
The
complection
therfore
most
eligible
is
sanguine
,
aubourne
haire
,
of
a
meane
stature
;
vertuously
instructed
,
healthfull
and
long
liued
.
And
these
(
vnlesse
some
other
defect
or
violence
against
nature
peruert
the
same
)
are
for
the
most
part
endowed
with
much
wisedome
and
wit
:
of
which
excellent
kind
we
read
in
the
bookes
of
the
Kings
,
that
king
Dauid
was
;
as
,
faire
and
ruddie
with
a
comely
countenance
,
&
body
well
shaped
;
&
of
a
meane
stature
.
Howbeit
,
we
find
that
he
many
times
through
those
concupiscenciall
motions
was
excited
to
sinne
:
yet
had
God
so
blessed
him
that
he
did
not
loose
that
habite
of
vertue
which
was
put
vpon
him
with
that
blessing
,
when
choise
was
first
made
of
him
to
be
the
seruant
of
God
,
and
vicegerent
to
rule
his
chosen
people
.
In
election
of
counsellors
,
(
according
to
Pliny
)
it
was
obserued
that
no
man
vnder
thirtie
yeeres
of
age
should
be
permitted
to
consult
in
principall
causes
of
the
Commonwealth
,
nor
men
very
aged
,
as
after
the
terme
of
sixtie
yeeres
according
to
V●…rro
.
Which
Seneca
likewise
confirmeth
,
limiting
the
seruice
of
soldiers
to
fiftie
yeeres
,
and
of
Senators
to
sixtie
:
Per
legem
annariam
.
For
according
to
that
Law
,
the
Romanes
well
knew
when
they
might
in
respect
of
their
yeeres
sue
to
be
Tribunes
,
Quaestors
,
Dictators
,
Consuls
,
or
in
other
offices
,
as
it
was
limited
appearing
by
this
of
the
Poet
Ovid.
Finit
aque
certis
Legibus
est
atas
;
vnde
petatur
honos
.
That
age
,
(
by
which
men
may
sue
for
honors
,
or
promotions
)
is
confined
within
certaine
Lawes
.
For
if
in
respect
of
their
experience
by
many
yeeres
old
men
be
regarded
,
it
must
be
respected
that
by
course
of
nature
they
be
timerous
,
suspicious
,
incredulous
,
couetous
,
and
so
much
more
froward
and
fearefull
as
they
bee
more
wasted
in
yeeres
;
impatient
of
labour
and
paine
,
obliuious
(
by
which
defect
diuers
occasions
are
neglected
)
talkatiue
,
&
obstinate
in
opinion
,
their
vnderstanding
dull
,
their
heate
(
which
is
the
spurre
of
action
)
wasted
.
Yong
men
are
likewise
void
of
experience
,
much
subiect
to
vicious
affections
and
pleasures
of
nature
;
to
passions
and
perturbations
of
minde
,
so
distracted
with
heat
of
youth
,
heedlesse
temeritie
,
and
surcuidrie
that
they
cannot
obserue
any
temper
in
grauitie
;
neither
will
the
people
cleaue
vnto
their
counsells
.
And
as
that
excellent
Morallist
Seneca
writte
:
Iuuenile
vitium
est
,
regere
non
posse
impetum
.
It
is
a
vice
naturally
graffed
in
youth
,
not
sufficiently
to
bridle
Iohn
Whytgift
,
late
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
;
and
the
right
sage
,
and
euer-worthy
Lord
Treasurer
,
William
Cecill
declared
long
after
the
terme
of
sixtie
yeeres
,
euen
to
the
last
period
of
their
breath
.
Such
yong
towardly
plants
as
are
like
by
the
gifts
of
nature
,
and
pleasantnesse
of
their
wit
to
proue
fit
in
time
for
such
seruice
,
must
first
be
diligenly
taught
in
Schooles
,
and
Vniuersities
:
after
good
knowledge
in
arts
,
commended
with
honest
and
faithfull
Tutors
,
attending
them
into
forreine
countries
,
there
to
note
and
learne
good
fashions
of
people
with
their
Languages
,
and
such
things
as
I
spoke
of
before
in
peregrination
:
and
then
towardes
the
three
or
foure
and
twentieth
yere
of
their
age
(
when
firmer
strength
may
beare
it
)
exercised
and
practised
some-deale
in
the
warres
,
which
is
a
great
glory
to
noble
yong
spirits
,
and
groundeth
them
in
the
loue
of
vertue
,
when
armes
are
exercised
with
a
perfect
heroicall
resolution
,
and
to
good
purposes
(
as
Cicero
writeth
:
Prima
est
adolescenti
commendatio
ad
gloriam
,
si
qua
ex
bellicis
rebus
compa●…ari
potest
.
&
equitatio
&c.
Martiall
discipline
and
horseman-ship
,
most
honoureth
a
Gentleman
.
By
these
meanes
hauing
well
broken
the
inordinate
heate
of
youth
,
with
some
manly
moderation
and
experience
,
they
may
be
chosen
(
if
the
Prince
thinke
it
fit
)
into
counsell
;
imployed
in
publike
affares
of
policie
till
sixtie
yeeres
be
past
,
and
then
let
them
take
leaue
of
their
Prince
,
returning
to
their
quiet
:
for
the
better
purifying
and
rectifying
of
their
consciences
,
seeking
after
their
soules
health
;
studying
how
to
die
a
blessed
death
,
and
hauing
their
honors
and
reuenues
enlarged
(
by
the
Princes
great
bene
ficence
)
towards
them
.
The
Soueraigne
(
which
is
the
fountaine
of
these
counsels
)
needeth
not
any
rules
concerning
his
apport
or
carriage
,
in
administration
of
graue
and
weightie
businesses
of
his
kingdomes
and
state
:
for
so
much
as
it
should
bee
presupposed
that
all
the
wise
consultations
and
actions
of
his
immediate
ministers
issue
from
him
,
as
being
the
fountaine
or
Loadstarre
of
their
direction
:
in
whom
all
glorie
(
which
is
attained
by
the
mature
deliberations
and
seruices
of
them
that
attend
his
counsels
)
remaineth
.
And
therefore
I
craue
pardon
herein
,
if
vnhapily
some
shall
imagine
me
so
foolishly
presumptuous
,
as
to
prescribe
rules
of
policie
for
any
princes
,
not
hauing
sufficient
in
my selfe
to
serue
those
priuate
purposes
,
that
are
required
in
a
single
man
of
meane
condition
:
for
well
I
know
Quam
difficile
atque
asperum
sit
consilium
regi
aut
imperatori
Qui
vult
amari
,
languida
regnet
manu
:
He
(
that
would
be
beloued
amongst
his
people
)
must
punish
with
a
languishing
Moreouer
,
euery
wise
prince
will
haue
his
Court
furnished
with
store
of
reuerend
Byshops
,
and
Noble-men
of
port
;
aswell
for
his
owne
more
fame
and
honour
in
forreine
places
,
as
for
the
maiestie
of
his
State
at
home
:
by
which
meanes
if
any
matters
happen
amisse
,
either
in
the
Church
,
amongst
the
nobility
,
or
in
the
Commonwealth
;
he
may
sagely
communicate
,
consult
,
and
worke
out
(
with
their
forces
about
)
him
towards
a
generall
or
particular
pacification
,
and
tranquilitie
.
The
reputation
and
ancient
offices
of
a
prince
amongst
the
Romaines
was
to
summon
a
Parliament
,
senate
,
or
counsell
;
to
Cum
multo
tutius
sit
volentibus
Caius
Caesar
)
Prius
defessi
fuerint
homines
laudando
facta
tua
,
quam
tu
laude
digna
facienda
,
&c.
Men
shall
first
grow
wearie
with
speaking
of
your
glorious
and
prayseworthie
deeds
,
before
you
desist
from
doing
such
things
,
as
most
highly
deserue
commendation
.
Thus
hath
your
Maiestie
giuen
vnto
vs
a
golden
and
a
blessed
kingdome
,
not
onely
by
adding
vnto
your
inheritance
of
England
the
crowne
of
Scotland
,
but
by
bringing
in
with
you
as
your
inseperable
companions
,
peace
,
prudence
,
magnificence
,
iustice
,
clemencie
,
with
diuers
other
princely
vertues
amongst
vs
,
for
our
imitation
;
which
(
by
the
true
meede
of
honor
)
propagate
all
dominion
and
soueraigntie
,
confirming
that
golden
sentence
of
Seneca
:
Habere
regnum
casus
est
,
virtus
dare
.
The
possession
of
a
crowne
is
the
gift
of
fortune
,
the
gift
of
a
crowne
is
the
The
best
meanes
of
acquisition
and
preseruation
of
soueraignetie
being
declared
(
as
my
fashion
is
)
I
deeme
it
needefull
to
shew
by
what
courses
it
is
suddenly
subuerted
.
In
opposition
therefore
to
the
peoples
loue
standeth
their
hatred
and
feare
of
their
prince
his
feueritie
.
Malus
etenim
custo●…
diuturnit
Violenta
nemo
imperia
continuit
diù
,
Moderata
durant
,
He
likewise
is
not
rightly
called
a
king
that
feareth
any
subiect
,
as
Seneca
writeth
in
Thyeste
.
Rex
est
qui
metuit
nihil
.
He
is
a
true
king
which
doth
not
stand
in
feare
of
any
thing
:
and
in
another
place
to
this
point
thus
:
Quos
cogit
metus
Laudare
,
eosdem
reddit
inimicos
metus
.
Such
people
as
in
feare
constrain'd
loue
kings
,
By
the
same
feare
are
made
their
enemies
.
Nay
true
kings
(
as
I
said
before
)
whose
true
firmament
,
is
onely
iustice
)
are
knowen
by
two
speciall
things
by
which
they
retaine
their
kingdomes
in
peace
and
happinesse
;
that
is
by
their
zealous
worshippe
of
God
,
and
Vpon
the
first
expendeth
the
cutting
off
and
extinguishing
of
the
mightie
ones
,
the
abolishing
of
conuiuiall
meetings
and
good
fellowship
in
entercourse
amongst
neighbours
,
the
subuersion
of
Churches
,
hospitals
,
schooles
,
&
accademies
,
bestowing
the
lands
with
which
they
formerly
were
endowed
vpon
greedy
flatterers
,
&
enemies
of
honestie
:
the
taking
away
of
fayres
,
markets
and
other
meanes
wherby
contrimen
become
strange
one
towards
another
the
admittance
of
strangers
into
the
publike
corporations
,
ciuill
societies
,
and
other
popular
assemblies
that
they
might
snarle
and
entangle
people
in
their
words
&
actions
by
which
their
priuiledges
&
possessions
may
come
to
be
seazed
profisco
.
The
dispersing
through
all
places
of
the
Commonwealth
priuie
whisperers
&
informers
,
for
the
secret
groping
and
mining
into
the
peopels
hearts
;
and
to
supplant
the
states
of
priuat
gentlemen
and
persons
of
good
qualitie
:
the
sowing
of
factions
,
sedicious
slaunders
,
and
discentions
amongst
noblemen
,
rich
men
,
and
the
commoners
;
by
whose
ruine
his
coffers
may
bee
loaden
:
the
driuing
of
poore
folkes
into
mere
miserie
,
feare
,
and
pusillanimitie
:
the
leuying
and
vndertaking
of
vniust
war
abroad
,
that
he
may
make
all
sure
at
home
.
The
diffidence
,
and
not
crediting
of
friends
;
the
cherishing
,
preferring
,
and
benefiting
of
wiues
,
whoores
,
parasites
,
seruants
,
fidlers
,
rascals
,
cookes
,
panders
,
daudes
,
players
,
taylors
,
and
Buffons
.
Vpon
the
second
meanes
consisteth
a
counterfeit
and
hypocriticall
care
,
or
pretence
to
cherish
the
Commonwealth
:
th'
exaction
of
tributes
vnder
the
pretext
of
necessarie
warres
;
and
of
oeconomicall
occasions
:
to
counterfeit
a
reuerende
graee
and
plausible
maiestie
,
both
in
person
and
countenance
:
to
wound
no
man
with
open
iniurie
,
but
priuily
to
bite
him
to
the
bone
:
to
retaine
but
one
wife
in
open
sight
:
admirably
to
dissemble
sobrietie
,
vigilancie
,
the
feare
of
God
,
and
care
of
religion
;
and
sometimes
in
specious
apparance
,
to
reward
honest
men
vnder
the
pretext
of
vertue
.
And
these
haue
beene
noted
as
eminent
qualities
in
malicious
Tyrants
,
such
as
Caligula
,
Domitian
,
and
Maximus
:
which
being
continually
wounded
,
stabbed
,
and
tormented
with
the
bodkins
,
and
furies
of
their
mischieuous
and
impious
actions
and
deuises
;
as
Nero
was
,
who
(
neither
sleeping
nor
waking
could
rest
alone
,
from
horrible
and
fatall
visions
and
apparitions
;
and
being
in
companie
stood
in
seare
of
euery
man
about
him
)
liued
in
a
most
miserable
hell
amongst
men
.
The
like
was
written
of
King
Richard
the
third
amongst
vs
,
whose
nefarious
practises
,
and
bloodie
crymes
were
vnspeakable
.
Whereas
if
we
should
in
contrary
compare
them
with
those
vertuous
and
blessed
Princes
,
whose
gracious
eyes
inspired
peace
and
plentie
to
the
Commonwealth
where
they
gouerned
:
it
shall
appeare
,
that
like
Angels
vpon
earth
(
with
a
comfortable
remembrance
and
motion
of
their
goodnesse
and
beneficence
generally
dispersed
)
they
seemed
in
comparison
of
those
other
tryranous
diuels
.
But
I
doubt
least
,
I
rest
vpon
this
point
more
then
fitteth
,
and
therefore
I
will
be
so
short
,
as
I
can
in
the
rest
.
First
therefore
,
a
good
and
wise
Prince
may
not
maintaine
any
combate
with
fortune
:
as
in
contending
to
blow
stronger
then
the
windes
,
or
to
rore
lowder
then
the
Seaes
;
but
to
yeeld
with
warie
vigilancie
to
her
wrath
,
vntill
prudent
occasion
bring
her
(
in
another
bodie
then
before
she
was
)
well
managed
,
and
taught
to
turne
at
hand
furnished
fit
for
his
seruice
,
with
saddle
and
bridle
,
that
being
brauely
mounted
at
length
vpon
his
old
metamorphosed
mistresse
,
with
a
paire
of
golden
spurres
on
his
hecles
,
he
may
ride
like
the
great
Greeke
Monarch
Alexander
,
when
vpon
his
great
headed
horse
Bucephalus
,
all
the
kings
of
the
world
saluted
him
as
their
mightie
soueraigne
.
And
lastly
,
let
that
serenitie
which
should
shine
from
the
diuine
temples
of
a
true
prince
,
so
generally
dispo●…se
it self
amongst
all
people
,
that
nothing
repugnant
to
prudence
,
iustice
,
fortitude
,
and
temperance
,
appeare
in
his
actions
and
consultations
:
for
they
should
be
th'
inseperable
counsellors
and
companions
of
all
crownes
.
Now
to
conculde
in
the
foot
of
my
second
Booke
,
with
the
Prince
,
who
is
both
top
&
root
of
this
Counsell
,
being
therefore
called
,
Consilium
priuatum
(
as
Vincentius
Lupanus
writeth
)
Quasi
secretius
,
interius
,
selectius
,
&
sanctius
dixeris
:
As
if
you
should
say
the
most
secret
,
inward
,
choise
,
and
holy
counsell
.
Which
kinde
of
counsell
we
finde
was
instituted
amongst
the
Athenians
in
their
Commonwealth
:
Sine
cuius
consilio
quicquam
decerni
,
Solonis
lege
prohibitum
erat
.
Without
the
aduice
of
which
Senate
it
was
cautioned
by
the
Lawes
of
Solon
,
that
not
any
thing
of
moment
in
the
Athenian
Common-wealth
should
be
discerned
.
I
therefore
say
,
that
to
bee
a
Prince
is
the
great
gift
of
God
:
for
somuch
as
he
is
chosen
Gods
Vice-gerent
or
Steward
,
either
good
or
bad
for
the
weale
or
punishment
of
his
people
:
but
that
prince
which
studieth
,
and
faithfully
prouideth
for
the
chiefest
good
and
peace
of
his
people
both
in
soule
and
body
,
(
proposing
that
blessing
for
the
whole
scope
of
his
gouernment
)
hath
that
grace
diuinely
infused
,
&
it
meerely
proceedeth
from
his
owne
bountifull
and
blessed
nature
.
Est
enim
illud
imperium
diuturnum
,
&
immobile
;
quod
fulcitur
gloria
,
&
beneuolentia
popularis
societatis
:
For
that
Empire
is
durable
and
constant
,
which
is
supported
by
the
report
and
beneuolence
of
the
popular
societie
.
Which
made
our
late
deare
Soueraigne
,
that
most
conspicious
,
auspicious
and
peace-breathing
bright
Planet
of
Christendome
,
so
sacred
in
her
domination
to
that
heart-breaking
wonder
of
her
enemies
:
which
(
hauing
spightfully
belched
out
in
her
life
time
the
vomite
of
their
impoysoned
and
malicious
calumnies
against
her
vnreproucable
conuersation
and
gouernement
)
were
since
her
death
,
in
remorse
of
conscience
forced
to
acknowledge
the
miraculous
blessings
of
the
Almightie
in
her
redispensed
distributed
and
imparted
to
the
neighbours
and
princes
of
Christendome
during
her
raigne
:
which
more
then
exemplarie
blessing
hath
answerably
giuen
courage
to
the
people
subiected
in
obedience
vnto
the
Brittaine
crownes
;
hauing
declared
their
loues
and
loyalties
vnto
your
highnesse
,
being
our
happie
soueraigne
which
succeedeth
her
.
And
this
is
it
which
hath
made
your
gracious
Maiestie
out
of
your
sacred
disposition
,
and
right
royall
lenitie
;
not
onely
to
promise
,
but
to
performe
so
much
on
your
princely
part
as
they
did
expect
,
and
as
your
highnesse
presupposeth
of
their
desert
:
by
which
you
shall
attaine
much
more
honour
then
euer
Octauius
,
Antoninus
Pius
,
Pertinax
,
Titus
,
Traiane
,
or
Fr.
Guicciardine
the
sweet
name
of
a
iust
prince
is
as
dearely
tendered
amongst
all
louing
people
as
the
remembrance
of
a
tyranne
odious
,
abiect
,
and
contemptible
.
Finis
libri
secundi
.
The
third
Booke
.
Office
of
Iudges
.
WHen
that
most
glorious
and
euer-renouned
Emperour
,
Flauius
Iustinianus
,
had
(
through
his
incomparable
vertues
,
and
trauels
indefatigable
)
subiected
the
stubborne
necks
of
sauage
Barbarians
,
vnder
the
victorious
yoake
of
his
farre
stretching
dominions
:
and
with
maine
power
(
in
much
dust
and
bloody
smoake
)
had
forced
all
Afrike
,
being
victoriously
seconded
with
numberles
Prouinces
of
other
nations
,
in
homage
and
tributarie
seruice
with
feare
and
trembling
,
to
make
remonstrance
of
her
obedience
vnder
his
conquering
sword
.
After
all
these
tumults
,
bloody
sweats
and
slaughters
;
and
vpon
all
his
pompous
tryumphes
for
those
victories
ascribed
to
th'
incomprehensible
strength
and
goodnesse
of
Almightie
God
,
then
did
he
prudently
call
to
remembrance
the
blessed
serenitie
,
which
eternally
shineth
from
the
smiling
forhead
of
gracious
peace
,
after
it
hath
bin
first
deerly
purchased
with
the
violent
confusion
of
vnpartiall
war
.
Wherfore
that
he
might
be
magnified
aswell
by
th'
oliue
of
peace
,
as
eternized
in
the
Laurell
of
martiall
victorie
,
he
resolued
to
become
as
religious
in
establishing
of
Lawes
for
the
preseruation
of
his
peace
and
people
,
as
he
before
had
been
famous
in
the
propagation
,
subiection
,
and
conseruation
of
th'
empire
:
according
to
that
opinion
of
the
sage
Tragoedian
.
Pacem
reduci
velle
victori
expedit
.
It
is
expedient
for
the
Victor
,
to
studie
the
restitution
of
peace
.
In
which
beneuolent
purpose
with
all
humblenesse
,
vnder
the
propitious
assistance
of
God
(
to
which
he
did
with
most
zealous
sinceritie
first
appeale
)
by
the
studious
care
of
Tribonianus
Theophilus
and
Dorotheus
men
(
of
most
excelling
prudence
,
neerest
him
of
his
secret
Counsels
,
and
the
learnedest
Sages
of
the
Lawes
in
that
time
happily
,
pithely
,
and
compendiously
reduced
the
fiftie
Volumes
of
Pandects
out
of
Caius
his
Commentaries
,
and
others
,
into
foure
Bookes
of
Institutions
.
Which
that
sacred
Emperour
(
great
honours
and
reueneues
being
proposed
to
the
Proficients
in
those
studyes
)
did
by
his
imperiall
Edicts
warranting
the
promulgation
of
that
Booke
,
cause
to
be
generally
read
in
all
his
dominions
for
the
better
establishment
of
his
many
kingdoms
,
and
people
in
publick
weale
and
tranquilitie
.
According
to
whose
sage
method
and
forme
of
Lawes
(
being
much
more
excellent
and
conspicuous
then
all
other
ciuill
institution
(
by
which
any
principalities
were
euer
gouerned
)
I
purpose
by
Gods
assistance
,
to
inuest
this
Counsell
;
not
maiestically
roabed
in
scarlet
and
purpure
according
to
the
reuerence
and
dignitie
thereof
:
yet
in
the
verie
best
which
my
slender
faculties
can
afford
;
hauing
neuer
attained
any
fruitfull
substance
out
of
that
paradise
of
diuine
and
humane
knowledge
equally
combined
by
the
perfection
and
fulnesse
of
Gods
grace
.
First
therefore
iustice
(
being
as
Cicero
calleth
her
)
Omnium
virtutum
domina
&
Regina
:
The
Lady
and
Queene
of
all
othervertues
.
By
the
imperiall
Iuris
prudentia
(
which
I
call
the
knowledge
how
to
discerne
of
any
cause
aright
.
)
lege
;
Quoniam
sine
i●…spect
at
ad
id
constantly
:
conuersing
in
iust
dealing
and
decencie
:
of
Innocencie
,
which
comprehendeth
our
pietie
towards
God
▪
and
our
zealous
obedience
vnto
the
lawes
of
his
holy
Scriptures
:
with
the
perfect
duties
&
true
charitie
which
euery
well-affected
person
exhibiteth
towards
all
sorts
of
people
in
their
degrees
:
and
of
Equitie
,
which
in
my
iudgement
is
(
as
it
were
)
a
perfect
Law
truely
written
in
our
heartes
with
the
penne
of
godly
reason
.
Or
as
it
is
otherwise
defined
;
Equitas
virtus
est
,
qua
quis
recté
legem
in
multis
instantijs
deficientem
corrigit
&
moderatur
:
Equitie
is
avertue
by
which
the
law
(
failing
,
or
wanting
in
many
principall
,
vehement
,
and
vrgent
points
)
is
corrected
and
moderated
.
This
is
the
same
lawe
which
ruleth
in
his
Maiesties
Courtes
of
Chauncerie
,
where
the
bitter
censure
and
Equitas
est
quasi
cor
Iustici●…
:
Equitie
is
as
the
heart
of
iustice
.
The
first
of
these
concerneth
our
owne
persons
in
particular
;
the
second
belongeth
our
neighbours
in
speciall
;
and
the
third
respecteth
all
degrees
of
people
in
generall
.
Ius
,
which
I
call
right
(
being
a
percept
or
prescript
of
the
King
,
tending
vnto
the
weale
of
his
subiects
,
committed
to
promulgation
and
administration
,
and
formed
according
to
precise
reason
and
vpright
conscience
)
is
two
fold
,
being
either
publicke
as
appertaining
the
whole
Commonwealth
&
state
,
or
priuate
concerning
euery
peculiar
person
in
Commoditie
.
Priuate
right
,
is
either
that
which
is
by
nature
:
Qualege
omnes
vbique
terra
Ciuill
right
is
that
by
which
euery
Commonwealth
is
gouerned
.
Euen
as
those
ancient
laws
which
King
Pharamonde
and
Gombaldus
king
of
Burgundie
made
,
which
were
said
to
be
the
ciuill
Lawes
of
France
.
One
of
them
being
that
kinde
of
masculine
law
which
they
terme
Salique
;
first
written
in
the
Germanetongue
,
and
instituted
Anno
Christi
.
422.
So
called
of
the
people
of
Salij
,
dwelling
in
Franconia
neere
the
riuer
Rhyne
,
to
which
lists
at
that
time
the
borders
of
the
French
Empire
stretched
.
And
the
other
called
Gombet
,
comprehending
diuers
necessarie
statutes
peculiar
to
that
nation
.
Semblably
these
our
Parliamentall
Lawes
in
England
,
which
we
call
the
Statute
Lawes
as
of
the
Commonwealth
(
from
whence
the
modification
&
gouernment
of
the
peoples
natures
and
of
the
Commonwealth
proceedeth
)
is
the
same
in
and
to
all
effects
and
purposes
,
with
that
which
is
called
the
Ciuill
law
,
respecting
this
Realme
and
Commonwealth
generally
.
And
such
were
the
lawes
of
Solon
and
Draco
,
vnto
which
the
people
of
Athens
(
that
had
during
the
Greeke
monarchie
been
a
free
State
,
and
royall
Commonwealth
)
were
subiected
in
particular
.
For
as
these
our
Statute
Lawes
of
England
,
are
only
made
&
established
by
the
popular
consent
and
vnanimitie
;
wherevpon
they
take
title
of
commonwealthes
Laws
:
so
were
the
ciuill
Laws
of
all
free
Cities
,
deuised
and
established
for
the
generall
behoofe
of
those
peculiar
States
,
by
consent
of
all
the
free
Citizens
,
and
therevpon
called
ciuill
Lawes
.
For
being
by
the
generall
Suffragation
and
consent
of
the
people
,
put
in
force
and
established
,
they
must
needfully
Legem
pati
,
quam
tulerant
:
Vndergoe
their
owne
Lawes
.
So
that
no
man
hath
power
in
himselfe
,
to
appeale
from
the
Lawes
of
his
owne
natiue
Countrey
:
because
it
is
presupposed
that
each
Commonners
vote
(
vpon
sound
and
deepe
deliberation
and
consultation
)
hath
already
passed
in
Parliament
.
And
this
is
the
very
reason
which
includeth
euery
good
Prince
also
within
the
limits
of
his
owne
Lawes
;
being
Per
necessitatis
legem
ligatus
:
Bound
by
the
Lawes
of
necessitie
,
to
make
good
his
owne
act
;
least
through
his
refusall
hee
giue
the
first
scope
and
light
vnto
the
vulgar
,
to
contemne
Iustice
and
magistracie
.
Hence
was
it
,
that
Xenophon
produced
Cambises
,
speaking
;
Nonne
statuunt
imperatorem
;
ad
omnia
tollerantiorem
&
legibus
magis
astrictum
quam
subditos
?
is
it
not
decreed
that
he
which
is
Emperor
should
tollerate
more
difficulties
,
and
be
more
straigtly
bound
vnto
the
Lawes
then
his
owne
subiects
?
For
sure
it
is
,
that
he
laboureth
to
make
a
Tyrant
of
him
,
which
would
exempt
any
king
from
obedience
vnto
his
owne
Lawes
.
The
right
of
Nations
differeth
from
the
Ciuill
in
this
,
that
it
is
generall
Ciuill
Right
,
is
either
written
,
or
by
prescription
.
That
which
is
written
his
Plees
,
in
Edicts
of
Maiestrates
,
and
in
sage
sentences
.
Law
which
is
,
summae
potestatis
iussum
:
The
precept
or
commandement
of
the
highest
power
.
Or
rather
as
I
deeme
:
Summum
ius
.
Extreame
right
.
Rule
of
Reason
,
the
Empire
of
the
prince
,
and
dutie
of
the
subiects
.
For
all
the
Lawes
both
diuine
and
humane
,
haue
reference
vnto
the
true
worship
of
God
,
and
to
the
sincere
and
perfect
concord
of
people
amongst
themselues
:
the
vertue
whereof
appeareth
in
commanding
,
prohibiting
,
permitting
and
punishing
of
matters
and
persons
.
Iamblicus
calleth
the
Law
Rectamrationē
&
reginam
omnium
,
quaerecta
&
iusta
iubet
,
vetatque
contraria
:
The
true
reason
and
Queene
of
all
causes
;
commanding
persons
to
doe
right
,
and
iustice
,
and
prohibiting
the
contrarie
:
Which
is
in
effect
the
same
with
Iustum
,
being
that
,
Quod
cuiquam
secundum
praeceptum
&
pr●…scriptum
domini
fit
:
Which
is
done
to
euery
man
according
to
the
king
or
Prince
his
precept
and
prescription
.
For
it
is
to
be
presupposed
that
the
prince
dealeth
merely
with
right
and
equitie
towardes
all
men
:
whereas
if
Iustice
be
the
scope
or
precinct
of
the
Lawes
;
and
if
those
Lawes
vpon
commandement
of
the
prince
be
put
in
execution
;
(
which
prince
representeth
vnto
the
people
the
liuely
figure
of
Almightie
God
in
his
royall
person
)
it
must
of
necessitie
follow
,
that
the
prince
his
lawes
should
haue
a
taste
and
resemblance
of
Gods
lawes
also
:
and
hence
is
it
which
I
deriue
as
a
position
sure
&
infallible
;
that
they
which
feare
to
offend
the
lawes
of
God
stand
not
in
any
feare
of
the
punishment
which
is
by
the
laws
of
man
limited
:
because
they
wil
not
offend
either
through
impietie
,
or
through
the
want
of
natiue
iustice
and
charitie
.
Those
also
which
in
feare
to
loose
their
present
liues
or
liberties
,
&
those
which
in
loue
of
this
world
,
and
those
which
in
vsing
this
world
as
though
they
should
alwayes
vse
it
,
withdraw
themselues
from
open
offences
,
are
for
the
most
part
Epicures
,
Atheists
,
Hypocrites
,
or
wicked
persons
,
not
performing
any
good
thing
out
of
their
owne
francke
wils
and
honest
consciences
,
but
by
constraint
and
feare
.
Onely
they
that
out
of
their
owne
toward
natures
and
in
meere
loue
to
vertue
,
feare
the
transgression
of
lawes
and
iustice
are
honorably
to
be
respected
and
cherished
according
to
that
saying
of
the
Poet.
Oderunt
peccare
boni
virtutis
amore
,
Oderunt
peccare
mali
formidine
poenae
.
Good
men
stand
in
feare
to
commit
offences
,
through
that
loue
which
by
diuine
grace
they
beare
to
vertue
:
wicked
men
are
loath
to
doe
wickedly
because
they
stand
in
feare
of
that
punishment
which
is
limited
by
the
lawes
.
Moreouer
mans
only
feare
of
the
lawes
cannot
purge
his
conscience
cleane
from
sinne
;
but
merely
taketh
away
from
him
the
licence
by
which
he
doth
offend
.
Leges
enim
possunt
delicta
punire
,
conscientiam
munire
non
possunt
.
For
the
lawes
may
punish
offences
,
but
haue
no
power
to
corroborate
or
munite
the
Conscience
.
And
so
much
in
briefe
concerning
Lex
generally
:
which
was
instituted
likewise
(
euen
as
in
those
places
aforesaid
)
amongst
the
Romanes
of
ancient
ages
past
,
at
Rome
vpon
the
request
of
a
magistrate
Senatoriall
being
(
as
it
were
)
Proconsul
for
that
time
.
Plebiscitum
which
I
call
Folkemot
(
because
this
word
hath
beene
ancient
in
Plees
of
Princes
,
or
such
mandates
as
onely
proceed
from
the
kings
will
and
pleasure
(
to
whom
the
people
haue
ascribed
all
soueraignetie
)
consist
in
letters
,
Edicts
of
magistrates
were
called
the
lawes
of
honour
,
because
by
those
noble
patritians
and
honorable
magistrates
which
made
and
caused
them
to
be
To
such
edicts
may
those
orders
,
warrants
,
precepts
,
inhibitions
,
and
actes
of
the
like
nature
(
awarded
and
subscribed
by
the
secret
counsellors
of
our
princes
in
these
dayes
)
be
fitly
resembled
:
semblably
those
metropolitical
and
●…piscopall
mandates
and
promulgations
within
their
seuerall
prouinces
and
diocesse
concerning
Church
discipline
;
as
all
other
writs
and
precepts
proceeding
from
other
speciall
magistrates
of
the
commonwealth
of
what
nature
soeuer
as
from
iustices
in
th'
eclesiasticall
and
ciuill
commissions
;
either
for
causes
criminall
or
for
the
peace
,
and
from
Maiors
,
Deanes
,
and
Chapters
,
Archdeacons
,
and
other
head
officers
of
towns
corporate
,
colledges
,
&
lordships
with
such
like
within
their
seuerall
liberties
awarranted
by
the
statute
lawes
of
this
realme
;
and
retaining
someforce
of
those
lawes
as
being
mediate
meanes
legally
limited
,
and
ordained
towards
the
readier
and
more
commodious
aduancement
of
iustice
)
are
not
improperly
called
Edict
a
magistratuum
.
Sentences
of
prudent
persons
,
were
opinions
of
certaine
Sages
of
the
Laws
chosen
to
decide
weightie
matters
in
controuersie
betwixt
parties
.
And
these
Law-fathers
or
Iudges
did
enucleate
diuers
difficult
points
thereof
,
by
reason
and
conscience
.
These
through
permission
of
the
Emperor
did
interpret
all
the
Lawes
,
and
were
called
Iurisprudentes
;
or
the
learned
in
the
Lawes
:
from
whose
opinion
being
once
confirmed
,
no
Iudges
might
in
any
Cases
haue
appealed
.
Like
vnto
them
is
our
reportes
of
Lawcases
,
and
the
iuridicall
sentences
of
our
learned
Iudges
in
matters
of
long
suspence
and
ambiguitie
;
which
haue
depended
many
yeeres
in
sute
at
our
Commonlawes
of
this
Realme
,
betwixt
persons
in
certaine
cases
of
right
;
and
at
length
haue
been
finally
determined
,
after
infinite
proofe
and
long
discussion
by
the
full
consent
of
all
our
learned
Iudges
.
Howbeit
,
these
reports
and
finall
sentences
in
such
Cases
,
cannot
binde
the
Iudges
of
after-times
in
the
same
Cases
,
to
giue
sentence
accordingly
:
which
argueth
that
amongst
vs
those
reports
or
finall
sentences
of
Iudges
haue
not
such
legall
force
;
as
those
Sense●…tiae
prudentum
(
being
th'
opinions
of
men
learned
in
the
Lawes
)
had
formerly
.
Howbeit
,
they
be
vehement
motiues
,
inductions
,
and
guides
vnto
Iudges
in
such
Cases
,
to
leane
vnto
the
like
opinions
.
For
considering
that
it
hath
beene
diuers
times
seene
in
a
case
contrauertible
after
it
hath
been
commended
vnto
legall
tryall
,
that
the
Iudges
of
the
Kings
bench
of
the
Common
plees
,
and
of
the
Exchequer
,
haue
all
of
them
differed
and
dissented
in
their
opinions
,
deliuered
of
one
and
the
same
case
amongst
themselues
:
euery
Court
yeelding
reasons
probable
for
the
maintenance
and
corroboration
of
their
diuers
sentences
.
)
It
should
therefore
seeme
to
stand
with
great
right
and
reason
,
that
such
sentences
of
reuerend
and
learned
Iudges
in
our
Common-lawes
formerly
giuen
and
past
,
should
not
necessarily
binde
all
other
Iudges
after
them
:
which
grounded
vpon
good
and
probable
reason
with
equitie
)
may
percase
in
some
pointes
vary
from
those
former
.
Notwithstanding
,
if
all
the
learned
Iudges
of
this
Realme
assemble
in
the
Exchequer
or
els-where
,
to
conclude
vpon
any
weightie
case
(
ambiguously
depending
in
the
Courts
,
either
for
the
Prince
,
or
for
any
subiect
of
what
condition
soeuer
)
should
with
a
francke
consent
and
vnanimitie
giue
opinion
according
to
their
priuate
consciences
,
and
sincere
interpretation
of
the
Law
:
without
question
it
must
of
force
moue
the
Iudges
in
succession
(
which
handle
the
like
cases
)
to
dispatch
them
,
by
that
precedent
,
and
with
expedition
accordingly
.
Ciuill
right
vnwritten
or
customarie
(
being
approued
with
long
vse
and
This
is
the
difference
betwixt
the
right
of
nature
,
and
of
ciuill
right
;
that
the
naturall
is
firme
and
immutable
,
the
ciuill
is
changed
and
and
abrogated
,
by
consent
of
persons
at
any
time
:
As
when
in
a
present
Parliament
such
a
Statute
happeneth
to
be
repealed
,
annullated
,
or
antiquated
,
which
had
been
enacted
,
instituted
,
and
established
in
other
Parliaments
before
.
Finally
,
the
whole
scope
of
all
iustice
and
law
whatsoeuer
,
with
the
grounds
wherevpon
The
course
of
our
English
lawes
holdeth
in
erection
of
Courtes
,
which
Ceriolano
termeth
Counsels
;
and
these
are
either
Ecclesiasticall
or
ciuill
.
The
great
Court
of
Parliament
consisting
of
both
;
deuiseth
laws
most
behoofefull
for
the
time
,
not
to
the
Prince
or
any
particular
person
onely
;
but
for
the
Commonwealth
;
as
those
ancient
Law-makers
Zaleuchus
,
Char●…ndas
,
Onomacritus
,
Philolaus
,
Draco
,
Pittacus
,
Androdomas
did
before
:
most
of
whose
Hystories
are
extant
,
adding
vnto
them
Lycurgus
and
Solon
;
eternally
famous
for
teaching
methods
of
excellent
gouernment
.
These
our
Parliament
lawes
like
liuely
blood
dispersed
through
the
members
and
prouinces
of
our
whole
Common-wealth
are
executed
in
time
,
and
vpon
needfull
occasion
as
is
fit
;
ministring
matter
for
all
other
inferior
courts
,
which
haue
iurisdiction
ouer
all
causes
needing
present
succour
.
No
lawes
are
in
force
against
these
Parliamentall
acts
or
institutions
.
The
causes
there
handled
being
either
Ecclesiasticall
or
ciuill
binde
all
persons
of
this
kingdom
,
forsomuch
as
the
whole
substance
of
this
Commonwealth
,
high
and
low
,
rich
and
poore
,
is
supposed
to
be
there
.
If
therefore
any
thing
passe
in
those
houses
of
Parliament
by
generall
consent
,
concerning
the
publicke
weale
or
generall
good
or
euill
,
it
behooueth
first
that
they
soundly
and
maturely
deliberate
and
consult
vpon
any
thing
important
;
sifting
out
the
circumstances
which
may
tend
to
the
most
benefit
or
praeiudice
,
and
(
conscionably
pondering
each
point
in
the
ballance
of
reason
)
may
condiscend
to
that
which
will
least
preiudice
the
maine
:
for
when
the
billes
of
those
houses
are
once
exhibited
,
past
,
and
inacted
,
they
cannot
be
repealed
without
another
Parliament
,
by
generall
consent
of
the
Prince
and
of
all
persons
.
In
this
high
court
,
all
Iudgements
(
issuing
out
of
the
Kings
bench
,
the
Chauncerie
,
Common
plees
,
the
Exchequer
,
the
court
of
Wardes
,
and
that
which
proceedeth
out
of
the
court
of
Parliament
it selfe
)
may
bee
reuersed
by
writ
of
Error
.
There
are
likewise
other
courts
Ecclesiasticall
and
Ciuill
:
Ecclesiasticall
,
as
the
whole
Conuocation
of
our
Clergie
assembled
with
our
States
of
Parliament
,
consisting
of
Deanes
and
Chapiters
,
Archdeacons
,
Procters
of
Cathedrall
Churches
,
and
Deligates
,
which
are
the
generall
;
with
prouinciall
Synods
of
Canterbury
and
Yorke
,
vnto
whom
all
the
Byshopricks
of
England
and
Wales
suffragate
.
In
speciall
such
generall
courts
as
answere
to
this
Synod
are
the
Consistorie
,
the
Arches
for
appeales
,
court
of
the
Chancelor
or
Audience
,
Commissaries
court
,
or
the
Prerogatiue
for
probate
of
Testaments
,
with
the
court
of
Faculties
for
dispensations
:
the
courts
held
at
Canterbury
by
the
Chancellor
for
the
Diocesse
,
the
court
of
peculiar
Deaneries
appertaining
th'
Archbishop
,
and
yet
belonging
vnto
diuers
Bishoprickes
,
vnto
which
other
Byshops
are
also
subiect
.
Euery
priuate
Bishop
or
Soueragaine
haue
courts
also
within
their
seuerall
Diocesse
to
themselues
peculiar
;
their
cours
of
Chancellers
,
Archdeacons
or
Officials
.
Ciuill
courts
hold
plees
either
in
cases
of
right
dealing
,
or
in
ciuill
causes
betwixt
the
prince
and
his
tenants
.
But
of
the
Exchequer
,
where
those
causes
betwixt
the
Prince
and
his
tenants
are
decyded
,
I
did
speake
somewhat
in
my
first
Booke
.
The
Dutchie
of
Lancaster
by
grant
from
King
Edward
the
third
,
to
Iohn
of
Gaunt
was
exstinct
by
vnion
of
Possession
,
with
the
crowne
in
person
of
King
Henrie
the
fourth
,
by
whom
it
was
seuered
;
and
so
continued
the
whole
times
of
King
Henrie
the
fift
,
and
King
Henry
the
sixth
:
then
vnited
by
Edward
the
fourth
,
which
being
seperated
againe
by
King
Henrie
the
seuenth
,
remaineth
yet
accordingly
.
The
Court
of
Chancerie
wherein
ought
to
bee
the
seate
of
equitie
,
which
mitigateth
or
morderateth
the
Law
;
or
as
Aristotle
calleth
it
,
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
Tanquam
sine
fuco
,
without
guile
or
subtile
hypocrysie
,
should
seeme
to
distribute
and
execute
the
Lawe
of
nature
and
conscience
,
being
corrected
by
reason
,
but
confirmed
by
Religion
.
It
is
that
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
of
the
soule
,
or
that
naturall
facultie
with
perswadeth
the
good
,
and
diswadeth
that
which
is
euill
:
and
therefore
(
as
I
sayd
elsewhere
)
Equitie
should
seeme
to
bee
that
Balme
,
which
modefieth
and
molefieth
the
rigorous
Letter
and
rugged
forehead
of
Law
,
graciously
smoothing
the
same
with
a
blessed
serenitie
.
For
when
the
Law
by
seuere
interpretation
is
drawne
to
inconuenient
kinds
of
Let
no
man
depart
from
the
Court
of
Chancerie
without
remedie
.
The
iudgements
deliuered
in
this
Court
of
honourable
grace
cannot
be
(
but
There
are
also
diuers
base
courts
,
which
(
as
it
should
seeme
)
were
first
of
any
that
we
can
read
begunne
by
Moses
,
who
did
establish
Iudges
:
These
ruled
Tribes
,
Hundreds
;
Fifties
,
tenths
;
to
whom
he
referred
the
decision
of
small
causes
,
reseruing
to
himselfe
matters
of
most
importance
.
These
courts
Roger
Houeden
describeth
to
be
like
our
iuridicall
circuits
at
this
day
:
and
so
much
in
generall
touching
the
formes
and
nature
of
our
Ecclesiasticall
and
ciuill
courts
in
this
realme
,
which
master
William
Camden
our
most
learned
Brittaine
Antiquarie
did
very
commendably
set
forth
in
the
last
edition
of
his
booke
.
Now
somewhat
concerning
the
lawes
,
but
in
speciall
touching
our
owne
nation
.
It
is
said
,
that
Brutus
(
vpon
his
settling
in
this
Iland
)
did
write
a
booke
of
lawes
in
the
Greeke
tongue
collected
out
of
the
Troiane
lawes
1103.
yeres
before
Christs
birth
,
which
Greeke
lawes
the
Druides
first
administred
in
this
land
being
solemnly
by
vowes
inhibited
to
promulgate
them
to
vulgar
vnderstanding
.
From
these
Druides
(
according
to
Caesar
)
being
found
out
amongst
vs
,
a
colonie
was
deducted
into
Galle
for
the
instruction
of
that
people
.
The
Molmutius
Donwallo
instituted
two
bookes
of
lawes
in
this
land
called
municipiall
and
iudiciarie
▪
importing
the
Mercia
Proba
the
wife
of
king
Guinteline
,
another
booke
called
Merciaes
lawes
.
King
Afred
also
gathered
diuers
which
(
being
into
one
volume
compiled
)
he
named
a
breuiarie
drawen
from
diuers
lawes
of
the
Troians
,
Greeks
,
Brittaines
,
Saxons
and
Danes
.
Also
Sigibert
king
of
the
East
Angles
published
a
booke
called
the
Institutes
of
Lawes
.
Edward
the
Confessor
next
king
before
William
the
first
,
amongst
the
diuinest
and
worthiest
lawyers
may
be
registred
,
which
out
of
those
infinite
volumes
of
Brittish
,
Romaine
,
Danish
,
and
English
lawes
made
a
choise
Rapsodie
which
he
did
intitle
the
common
law
:
as
by
the
wordes
of
diuers
diligent
and
faithfull
Antiquaries
appeareth
.
After
these
princes
king
William
the
first
(
vpon
his
great
victories
and
militarie
trauels
in
subduing
the
rebellious
violence
of
the
borderers
impaling
this
land
)
instituted
diuers
excellent
and
commodious
lawes
,
abolished
since
then
,
abrogating
others
which
were
not
so
necessarie
for
those
times
,
as
Geruas
of
Tilbury
writeth
.
After
whom
his
sonne
H.
the
first
surnamed
Henry
Beauclerke
(
of
whom
Henrie
of
Huntington
,
who
liued
in
his
dayes
recordeth
much
)
being
a
very
learned
and
politike
prince
abolished
certaine
of
them
,
restoring
diuers
of
the
former
,
which
hee
thought
were
more
behousefull
for
those
times
.
And
Henrie
the
second
a
prince
of
much
mildnesse
and
humanitie
compiled
another
volume
diuided
into
the
laws
of
this
Commonwealth
&
the
statutes
royall
intituled
.
But
in
this
point
I
referre
my selfe
with
the
reader
,
to
the
large
&
very
learned
Epistle
of
S.
Edward
Coke
to
those
bookes
of
Lawcases
by
him
lately
compiled
.
And
so
much
briefly
touching
the
precise
care
and
studies
of
former
princes
in
ordeining
&
collecting
the
laws
:
the
necessity
wherof
being
so
vulgarly
knowen
,
needeth
no
confirmation
by
further
example
,
considering
how
fresh
it
springeth
in
our
memories
(
omitting
the
most
sage
&
prudent
prouision
of
that
Numa
of
England
king
Henry
the
seuenth
for
the
Commonwealth
by
good
and
politike
institution
&
administration
of
lawes
)
that
our
late
sacred
soueraigne
Elizab.
(
whose
very
name
imprinteth
a
reuerend
remembrance
in
my
heart
)
instituted
many
diuine
laws
,
by
which
the
miraculous
peace
of
this
Common-wealth
vnder
the
mercifull
prouidence
of
God
was
amplified
,
conserued
,
&
eternised
.
And
here
may
not
I
with
modestie
passe
or
post
ouer
his
Maiesties
royall
prudence
,
knowledge
,
and
high
paines
in
compiling
and
publishing
the
lawes
of
Stotland
imprinted
in
one
volume
;
not
doubting
but
that
God
of
his
great
and
inestimable
loue
to
this
nation
vnder
his
blessed
scepter
also
shall
so
worke
by
iustice
in
his
princely
spirit
,
that
this
realme
may
becomein
shorttime
of
a
garden
,
wherein
his
highnesse
found
some
weeds
,
a
diuine
paradise
of
most
ciuill
humanitie
.
This
hath
bene
the
great
care
which
did
formerly
with
such
vehement
force
worke
in
the
brains
&
hearts
of
al
prudent
kings
&
emperours
,
to
make
their
people
blessed
&
this
(
which
amongst
many
more
excellent
vertues
and
honors
attributed
and
ascribed
formerly
to
Augustus
Caesar
)
made
him
so
great
and
eternall
in
the
golden
memorials
of
time
so
that
for
the
correction
and
promulgation
of
lawes
in
his
owne
name
,
and
for
his
sumptuous
and
many
buildings
,
it
was
truely
and
triumphantly
spoken
of
himselfe
,
Vrbem
latericiam
reperi
,
relinquo
marmoream
.
These
were
the
bulwarkes
which
protected
the
peace
and
honour
of
his
Empire
:
and
those
by
which
the
superabounding
tranquilitie
of
this
Nation
hath
beene
so
long
cherished
and
conserued
,
It
was
recorded
in
the
Romane
Annals
and
memorials
,
as
a
notable
happines
in
Antoninus
Pius
,
that
through
his
iustice
,
prudence
,
and
fortitude
,
there
arose
not
any
warres
amongst
the
Romanes
for
23.
yeeres
together
:
which
happeneth
generally
by
the
due
distribution
and
execution
of
iustice
and
equitie
.
What
then
may
be
said
in
our
Chronicles
of
that
our
late
gracious
and
auspicious
planet
of
Christendome
Queene
Elizabeth
;
whose
beams
yet
after
the
dissolution
of
her
mortalitie
so
diuinely
shine
amongst
vs
,
in
those
Lawes
established
and
taught
vnto
vs
whilst
she
raigned
ouer
vs
;
who
(
sauing
some
fewe
moneths
)
doubled
those
yeeres
of
happinesse
vpon
her
people
in
admirable
honor
,
peace
and
plentie
?
It
is
sooth
,
and
well
answereth
to
the
lore
of
wisedome
,
that
all
policies
States
,
or
Common-weales
are
most
corrupt
,
wherein
there
be
many
lawes
established
:
forsomuch
as
it
is
presupposed
that
where
multitudes
of
crimes
and
vices
predominate
of
strange
and
diuers
qualities
,
diuers
vnusuall
and
strange
lawes
are
necessarily
made
to
restraine
them
;
or
if
they
be
preordained
to
correct
or
prohibit
vices
which
are
not
&
yet
may
happen
,
then
it
is
as
dangerous
in
regard
of
that
expressed
in
this
poeticall
sentence
,
Gens
humana
ruit
in
vetitum
nefas
:
For
Adams
children
naturally
lust
after
the
forbidden
fruit
.
Not
many
Bookes
which
confound
mens
memorie
with
heapes
of
words
and
matter
,
but
few
substantiall
and
necessarie
:
referring
all
pettie
things
,
not
being
nefarious
,
to
the
censure
of
venerable
magistrates
(
which
will
not
suffer
a
sparke
to
make
a
flame
)
and
not
to
the
written
Letter
of
Poenall
Lawes
;
considering
how
the
meane
ministers
and
executioners
of
them
which
search
out
,
inquire
,
and
informe
of
such
offences
,
doe
commonly
more
preiudice
then
benefit
and
honestie
to
the
Commonwealth
:
For
wee
know
that
by
Gods
finger
all
the
lawes
both
diuine
and
humane
were
within
a
paire
of
marble
Tables
comprised
in
a
compendious
Decalogue
.
The
reports
and
causes
of
our
common-lawes
and
iudgements
haue
appeared
in
two
points
that
the
former
Kings
of
this
Realme
,
as
king
Edward
the
third
,
Henrie
the
fourth
,
Henrie
the
fift
,
Henrie
the
sixt
,
Edward
the
fourth
,
Richard
the
third
,
Henry
the
seuenth
with
prudent
inspection
found
that
necessitie
,
which
required
a
luculent
interpretation
of
the
difficult
points
in
our
Common-lawes
:
wherevpon
they
by
the
faithfull
conference
of
foure
most
reuerend
and
learned
Iudges
in
the
Lawes
,
following
the
sage
example
of
that
most
wise
and
victorious
Emperor
Iustinianus
before
mentioned
,
did
each
of
them
in
their
seuerall
raignes
cause
the
genuine
and
very
sence
by
specious
enucleation
of
all
intricate
or
equiuocall
points
and
cases
to
be
cl●…red
&
explained
;
to
the
end
that
all
other
Iudges
or
Iustices
which
exceeded
in
administration
of
them
,
might
at
the
first
sight
with
commendable
perspicuitie
deliuer
the
faithfull
substance
of
all
,
as
occasion
was
offered
for
the
peoples
good
;
hauing
digested
them
into
nine
Volumes
of
the
Lawes
,
wherin
the
whole
essence
of
all
by
those
reuerend
Law-fathers
was
most
methodically
couched
.
For
as
the
difference
of
all
creatures
by
nature
proceedeth
from
vnitie
,
resembling
many
flowers
sprouting
from
one
roote
:
euen
so
doe
sundrie
needfull
and
most
beneuolent
Lawes
receiue
life
and
nature
from
the
precious
wisedom
of
God
;
the
blessed
and
all-healing
fountaine
of
whose
knowledge
he
with
ineffable
grace
and
diuine
beneficence
openeth
to
them
all
that
are
studious
of
righteousnesse
,
and
in
tender
loue
with
respect
vnto
man
,
being
the
choise
operation
of
his
handes
doth
retaine
him
by
the
due
feare
and
loue
of
iustice
and
saluation
,
in
eternall
tranquilitie
.
The
generall
benefit
calmely
and
plentifully
redounding
from
those
Bookes
,
iudgements
,
reports
and
Law-cases
by
the
enucleation
of
those
learned
law-men
(
as
is
before
expressed
)
includeth
the
second
point
.
Forsomuch
as
concerneth
humane
Lawes
which
are
ordained
by
nature
,
and
published
by
the
prince
(
which
by
them
gouerneth
the
Common-wealth
to
relieue
and
rectifie
the
same
)
they
must
be
iust
and
possible
,
needfull
and
profitable
,
plaine
,
prescribed
not
to
priuate
but
to
publike
vse
and
benefit
,
consenting
with
time
and
place
,
according
to
the
nature
and
custome
of
the
Countrey
which
should
be
moderated
by
them
:
such
as
are
our
statute-lawes
of
England
.
Vpon
these
thus
ordained
and
prouided
against
faultes
,
a
knowledge
shewing
the
difference
of
crimes
and
vices
dependeth
:
As
whether
the
nature
of
them
consist
in
impietie
by
violation
of
the
first
table
of
Gods
lawes
through
foolish
prophanation
,
or
derrogation
of
or
from
his
omnipotent
power
and
maiestie
;
or
if
it
be
flagitious
and
repugnant
to
the
second
,
importing
impietie
towards
parents
and
magistrates
,
the
defamation
or
contumelies
of
neighbours
,
the
concupiscence
and
losse
of
liuelihoods
and
liues
,
wherevpon
parricides
and
horrible
slaughters
are
bred
.
Towards
which
legall
office
or
ministerie
,
three
speciall
things
generally
would
be
required
in
a
Iudge
:
the
first
of
which
is
in
his
head
to
retaine
a
firme
and
venerable
grauitie
,
confirmed
in
his
countenance
with
some
serious
kinde
of
awfull
maiestie
,
through
his
continuall
meditation
vpon
the
iust
iudgements
of
God
with
the
charge
vpon
him
imposed
;
which
by
the
diuine
gift
of
heauenly
iustice
must
be
fostered
in
his
heart
,
that
all
proceedings
drawne
from
thence
may
be
seasoned
with
the
grauitie
of
his
cogitations
,
which
in
excellent
discretion
will
point
out
to
him
the
time
,
person
,
and
place
,
when
,
to
whom
,
and
where
hee
should
shew
iustice
naked
,
or
inuested
with
mercie
.
So
that
by
the
iustice
of
of
his
heart
,
which
ministreth
wisedome
and
grauitie
to
his
head
;
and
by
the
seuere
and
precise
prudence
of
his
head
,
which
inblazoned
in
a
stedfast
countenance
a
stout
maiestie
withall
;
and
by
the
comely
grace
of
his
countenance
which
admirably
shadoweth
all
in
a
decent
austeritie
,
there
may
be
due
reuerence
and
feare
drawne
to
the
person
of
a
Iudge
on
euery
side
about
him
;
infusing
horror
to
the
malicious
and
wicked
,
with
loue
and
reuerence
to
good
and
iust
persons
,
hauing
his
tong
so
sanctified
and
seared
with
zealous
praier
,
and
with
a
liuely
cole
taken
from
the
blessed
Altar
by
the
sacred
Cherubine
,
that
it
may
become
th'
oracle
of
Gods
iustice
,
and
the
iust
herauld
of
a
sincere
heart
.
For
if
grauitie
should
not
appeare
in
all
his
iudgements
,
then
shall
he
be
suspected
of
a
partiall
&
foolish
lentitude
:
which
opinion
(
when
it
is
once
vulgarly
conceiued
)
will
preiudice
him
either
in
his
reputation
,
or
in
administration
of
the
Lawes
.
This
reputation
or
authoritie
likewise
is
by
the
first
three
properties
delineated
to
life
;
the
restraint
whereof
will
disaduantage
him
in
his
honour
,
which
by
such
demeanor
will
be
blemished
with
some
misprizion
or
suspect
of
corruption
.
There
is
likewise
in
euery
wise
Iudge
expedient
a
mature
experience
in
sutes
and
variances
,
by
defect
whereof
his
ignorance
deepely
woundeth
,
or
rather
maimeth
him
.
Lastly
,
the
mindes
constancie
corroborateth
him
in
the
perfection
of
all
,
declaring
that
in
the
whole
course
of
all
his
iudgements
,
iustice
alone
without
priuate
affection
preuaileth
.
Neither
is
it
meete
but
most
vnfit
,
that
any
man
should
sit
on
throne
of
iudgement
or
giue
sentence
when
his
owne
cause
is
heard
or
discussed
:
least
affection
vsurpe
vpon
,
and
defile
the
tongue
of
magistracie
,
least
the
reuerend
custome
of
iudgement
be
violated
,
least
that
maiestie
whereof
I
spoke
(
which
is
meete
for
the
sage
tribunall
and
court
of
equitie
)
be
diminished
,
least
a
mischieuous
example
corrupting
the
people
be
drawne
on
with
it
,
and
finally
least
a
contempt
of
the
Lawes
and
equitie
do
succced
it
.
Now
somewhat
concerning
that
abilitie
which
strengthneth
Iudges
,
and
iuridicall
magistrates
in
the
administration
of
publike
causes
.
It
is
therefore
principally
to
be
considered
,
that
they
(
which
sit
vpon
this
honourable
throne
of
iudgement
,
and
take
place
,
to
giue
place
vnto
the
due
distribution
of
right
,
and
are
firmely
planted
for
the
sure
supplantation
of
those
contageous
vices
,
which
being
but
a
little
licenced
would
disperse
and
spread
through
all
parts
of
the
Common-weales
most
beautifull
bodie
,
defiling
it
with
a
foule
and
virulent
leprosie
)
stand
deeply
bound
in
a
double
recognisance
of
soule
and
bodie
to
be
studious
and
industrious
in
the
science
and
iudiciall
practise
of
that
wholesome
physicke
,
which
must
be
frequently
ministred
to
the
diseased
members
of
that
State
:
In
which
(
their
iudgements
being
credited
)
may
be
by
the
Prince
allowed
and
iustified
also
:
for
if
they
doe
not
yeeld
euen
law
and
execution
of
right
to
all
subiects
rich
and
poore
,
without
hauing
regard
to
any
person
,
and
without
letting
to
doe
right
for
any
letters
or
commandement
which
may
come
to
them
from
the
prince
or
king
,
or
from
any
other
by
any
other
cause
,
then
are
they
by
our
Lawes
thus
censured
worthily
:
Their
bodies
,
lands
and
goods
to
rest
at
the
kings
pleasure
,
That
although
they
commaund
by
their
great
,
or
priute
seales
to
delay
any
cause
in
iudiciall
dependance
proceeding
by
course
of
law
;
yet
shall
the
iudges
proceede
with
mature
expedition
according
to
iustice
,
notwistanding
any
precept
from
them
directed
.
For
what
can
be
said
more
to
the
disgracing
and
disrobing
of
any
king
,
then
that
which
Freigius
in
the
latter
end
of
his
politicall
questions
citeth
out
of
a
certaine
oration
of
Scattaius
against
tyrannie
.
Tu
iusticiam
imperabis
&
interim
tamen
iniuriam
alijs
facies
?
tu
officium
commendabis
&
ab
officij
religione
deflectes
?
As
if
he
should
say
:
Why
wouldest
thou
be
king
to
command
men
to
deale
iustly
,
giuing
in
proper
person
example
of
wrong
done
to
others
?
How
canst
thou
commend
men
for
doing
of
their
dueties
and
offices
,
when
thou
thy selfe
transgressest
thy
functions
and
dueties
?
Thus
if
princes
or
iudges
should
preuaricat
but
a
little
,
them
their
laws
(
which
ought
to
be
the
iudges
of
euery
iust
prince
)
will
restraine
and
reforme
them
.
And
if
those
lawes
be
dissonant
to
the
spirit
of
charitie
,
trueth
and
equitie
;
them
the
diuine
power
&
sapience
of
God
(
which
are
the
very
iudges
of
all
laws
,
princes
,
&
iudges
on
earth
)
wil
correct
&
punish
them
with
their
ministers
.
Let
therefore
no
partiall
respect
of
power
,
neither
priuate
affection
,
nor
vnexcusable
ignorance
of
those
laws
which
any
iudge
stewardeth
,
blemish
his
iudgments
.
For
if
he
be
partiall
let
him
consider
with
himselfe
that
it
proceedeth
from
affection
or
corruption
which
both
are
incorporate
;
&
that
it
cannot
be
hidden
from
many
men
amongst
infinite
which
behold
and
heare
him
from
so
conspicuous
a
place
,
where
all
mens
eyes
are
fixed
vpon
his
maiestie
▪
and
therefore
(
according
to
Salust
)
aequos
bonosque
fauere
debet
vt
eius
benefacta
reipub
.
They
therefore
that
are
fit
and
worthy
to
sit
vpon
the
throne
of
equitie
,
ought
sincerely
to
be
good
men
,
seuere
,
incorrupt
,
obdurate
against
flatterers
,
impatient
of
smooth
tales
,
and
secret
detraction
,
vnmercifull
to
them
that
are
remedilesse
,
inexorable
in
waightie
causes
of
iudgement
,
and
such
as
will
not
transgresse
the
precincts
of
iustice
in
any
case
:
for
according
to
the
discretion
of
Aulus
Gellius
they
must
distribute
to
the
king
and
begger
equall
measure
without
inclination
or
passion
towards
any
mans
estate
or
person
:
as
it
Woe
be
to
you
interpreters
of
the
L●…we
,
for
you
haue
taken
away
the
key
of
knowledge
,
you
did
not
enter
in
your
selues
;
and
them
that
would
haue
entred
you
forbad
.
Amongst
other
politicke
Lawes
in
Deutronomie
,
deliuered
from
Gods
mouth
to
the
sacred
prince
his
seruant
Moses
,
it
was
commanded
that
in
all
the
partes
of
their
people
and
nations
assembled
,
Iudges
should
be
constituted
which
might
iustly
iudge
the
people
,
poising
the
ballance
of
equitie
with
euen
hand
and
briblesse
;
for
somuch
as
bribes
bleare
the
sights
of
sage
men
,
making
contreseit
the
words
of
iust
magistrates
.
And
hence
was
that
prohibition
either
of
acceptation
or
exception
for
or
against
any
sorts
of
persons
.
It
is
a
notable
sentence
left
vnto
Iudges
by
that
most
religious
and
honest
king
Iosophat
highly
worth
the
consideration
;
Looke
vnto
it
you
that
are
Iudges
,
for
you
do
not
execute
the
lawes
of
men
,
but
of
God
,
and
according
to
your
innocencie
&
equitie
so
shall
your
iudgements
be
rewarded
.
For
these
and
such
indifferent
respects
,
Iustice
is
fitly
resembled
to
the
helme
in
a
shippe
which
being
misguided
,
endangereth
the
vessel
,
pilote
,
officers
,
and
sailers
;
representing
the
realme
,
prince
,
magistrates
,
and
people
.
Vpon
this
misrule
,
or
misguidance
of
the
Common-wealth
by
corrupt
iudgement
or
iniquitie
,
whereupon
the
deuouring
tempests
of
iniuries
,
contumelies
,
and
deceits
arise
,
Kingdomes
(
by
Gods
iust
iudgement
and
indignation
)
are
translated
from
one
nation
to
another
,
roiall
families
extinguished
,
and
the
prince
with
his
people
oftentimes
subuerted
,
as
is
verily
frequent
vnto
them
that
with
diligence
read
histories
in
example
.
I
will
now
speake
somewhat
touching
their
administration
of
Iustice
in
ciuill
matters
,
which
is
either
declared
in
causes
litigious
brought
before
them
,
for
the
tryall
of
lands
and
goods
;
or
in
penall
cases
for
transgressing
Lawes
in
some
one
of
the
three
parts
of
iustice
which
they
violate
:
wherein
the
conscience
of
the
Iudge
with
the
causes
of
equitie
,
should
make
the
true
ballance
of
right
.
Penall
cases
for
priuate
transgressions
be
semblably
referred
in
forme
(
though
not
altogether
in
substance
)
to
the
Iudges
discreet
conscience
.
This
onely
should
remaine
euer
greene
in
his
memorie
,
that
all
iudgements
in
ciuill
causes
be
well
attempered
with
a
mercifull
benignitie
,
if
the
nature
and
qualities
of
the
faults
and
delinquent
permit
.
First
therfore
it
is
to
be
weighed
,
that
all
offences
either
respect
the
contumelies
of
persons
comprehending
iniuries
;
th'
expence
or
losse
of
goods
including
damages
;
and
offences
or
hurts
done
to
people
,
including
maymes
and
slaughters
.
Iniuries
therefore
are
harmes
proceeding
from
a
voluntarie
and
malicious
heart
,
thirsting
or
hunting
after
hurt
of
others
.
Damages
include
losse
procured
by
the
delinquent
,
either
through
vniust
molestation
by
sutes
vniustly
commenced
of
any
nature
,
where
the
innocent
is
impouerished
;
or
by
violent
rapine
,
theft
,
or
extortion
.
Offences
and
hurtes
are
of
diuers
natures
,
either
by
riots
,
affrayes
,
conspiracies
,
or
murthers
of
themselues
,
as
principals
,
or
by
subornate
persons
and
assistants
,
as
accessaries
,
acted
,
&
executed
.
And
herein
is
to
be
considered
,
that
all
maner
of
wrongs
and
iniustice
,
proceed
either
from
election
and
will
,
perturbation
and
appetite
,
ignorance
and
vnderstanding
,
euen
as
in
contrary
those
actions
which
are
iust
,
are
operations
,
or
proceedings
deriued
from
the
fountaine
or
habite
of
iustice
.
For
the
iudgement
of
all
iust
a●…d
●…iust
actions
rest
in
them
according
to
that
of
Salust
,
Quibus
pro
magnitudine
●…perij
,
These
principles
thus
considered
with
the
qualities
of
the
persons
and
offences
,
the
reuerend
Iudge
shall
finde
it
engrauen
with
the
true
penne
of
dinine
iudgement
and
reason
in
his
owne
conscience
in
what
sort
,
to
whom
,
and
when
to
shew
clemencie
.
Certaine
it
is
,
that
mercy
most
graceth
the
person
and
mouth
of
a
Iudge
,
if
it
be
modefied
with
good
prudence
,
and
grounded
vpon
a
discreet
charitie
:
for
he
that
hath
mercie
is
blessed
saith
Salomon
.
Lord
will
exchange
his
mercie
for
his
;
intimating
also
that
he
will
haue
mercie
,
and
not
sacrifice
:
Forasmuch
as
his
mercie
reacheth
from
generation
to
generation
of
those
that
feare
him
.
If
Romanes
,
For
he
which
watereth
shall
be
refreshed
with
raine
:
according
to
Salomon
,
Nothing
so
much
beautifieth
the
grauity
,
person
,
and
maiestie
of
a
Iudge
,
as
when
his
seuere
iustice
is
delayed
with
clemencie
.
Which
Vulcatius
Gallicus
calleth
a
kingly
qualitie
:
and
he
which
would
conciliate
peace
,
loue
,
and
obedience
amongst
men
,
must
gouerne
with
a
languishing
or
vnwilling
hand
to
strike
home
,
as
grieuing
or
repining
at
the
punishment
.
Hence
is
that
saying
of
Cicero
;
Nihil
quod
crudele
vtile
:
est
Antoninus
Pius
the
Emperor
vsed
to
say
that
mercie
was
it
which
adopted
Coesar
into
fellowship
of
the
gods
,
&
onely
mercie
which
consecrated
Augustus
amongst
men
.
Howbeit
,
I
doe
not
in
any
case
wrest
vnto
that
excesse
of
lenitie
,
which
the
Phylosophers
call
Lentitude
,
being
a
vice
of
the
minde
which
breedeth
an
exceeding
securitie
with
dissolute
manners
and
behauiour
in
men
.
For
he
that
vpon
the
former
considerations
would
seuerely
punish
some
vices
in
certaine
persons
,
should
not
admit
when
times
are
dangerous
a
small
fault
to
escape
vnpunished
;
but
prouide
so
that
it
may
be
with
moderation
and
clemencie
chastised
,
punishing
nefarious
and
hainous
crimes
with
due
serueritie
for
examples
.
And
so
much
concerning
mercie
by
discreet
mitigation
of
punishment
.
In
other
places
,
where
seueritie
should
take
force
,
as
occasion
shall
offer
.
It
is
not
permitted
that
a
Iudge
should
command
and
prohibite
what
he
list
himselfe
without
legall
warrant
,
albeit
it
might
rest
in
his
arbitrament
:
yet
whereas
all
articles
cannot
be
seuerally
comprised
in
the
Lawes
,
and
forsomuch
as
many
circumstances
breed
doubts
,
in
such
cases
men
are
referred
to
the
conscience
and
religion
of
the
Iudge
,
neerly
to
determine
by
course
of
iustice
according
to
sinceritie
:
further
scope
then
this
is
not
permitted
vnto
any
,
being
by
that
benefit
freed
from
perill
of
punishment
though
he
giue
sentence
against
the
Law
:
for
the
case
not
being
throughly
discussed
yeeldeth
him
some
colour
for
excuse
;
excepting
alwayes
in
litigious
cases
that
it
resteth
not
in
his
power
to
giue
away
the
goods
proper
of
any
man
,
beyond
the
limits
of
reason
and
equitie
.
That
kinde
of
iustecying
which
is
said
to
bee
common
amongst
the
Turkes
,
is
in
my
iudgement
very
tollerable
and
soone
ended
:
for
the
Iudge
closing
his
eyes
giueth
eare
,
pondereth
,
pronounceth
,
and
dispatcheth
the
most
part
of
causes
very
commendably
,
freeing
and
releasing
the
sutors
from
expence
of
time
and
monie
:
both
which
inconueniences
happen
vpon
the
processe
of
our
Lawes
in
Christendome
.
For
it
had
beene
oftentimes
better
that
he
which
hath
iustice
to
guard
his
good
cause
,
should
in
commencement
thereof
haue
let
his
sute
fall
;
then
after
a
long
and
litigious
dependance
buy
the
iudgement
of
it
with
more
chardge
then
the
maine
was
worth
,
being
onely
referred
to
the
credite
of
iust
victorie
for
his
meede
.
Moreouer
by
such
dilatory
meanes
it
often
happeneth
that
white
is
died
into
blacke
,
either
through
deceit
,
corruption
,
or
ignorance
of
the
Iudge
,
and
elsewhere
by
the
rigor
and
false
interpretation
of
the
Lawes
.
Howbeit
to
noble
minded
men
,
which
are
able
to
forbeare
(
if
the
sute
proceede
from
misprision
or
some
misconstruction
,
and
not
from
any
litigious
humour
of
the
aduersarie
)
I
deeme
it
a
principall
tipe
of
their
honours
,
and
much
auaylable
(
as
Cicero
saith
)
Paulum
nonnunquam
de
suo
iure
decedere
.
In
administration
of
ciuill
causes
also
,
there
is
one
most
commendable
part
requisite
in
a
iudge
,
that
he
withdraw
his
hands
from
the
rewards
of
priuate
or
poore
persons
,
which
would
gladly
giue
somewhat
for
fauour
in
their
iust
and
honest
causes
.
For
iudges
of
that
nature
are
blinded
with
auarice
whose
fashion
is
to
make
a
gaine
of
all
causes
both
honest
and
dishonest
:
hence
was
it
that
iudges
lege
Clodia
were
prohibited
to
take
any
rewards
of
persons
in
suite
.
In
speciall
all
such
rewards
and
gratifications
as
are
giuen
either
to
further
a
good
or
a
bad
cause
(
sauing
the
fees
lawfully
limited
to
the
iudges
and
pleaders
,
in
regard
of
their
salaries
and
paines
)
are
dissalowable
;
and
if
any
be
tollerable
then
onely
such
as
are
taken
by
them
of
great
princes
which
reward
their
paines
in
aduancement
of
iustice
onely
:
For
such
as
sell
iustice
and
truth
are
abhominable
,
and
so
bethose
also
which
take
gifts
of
any
man
to
further
a
faultie
:
for
in
that
false
participation
if
he
further
him
,
then
doth
he
manifest
violence
to
iustice
;
and
if
not
,
then
doth
he
deceiue
the
briber
of
his
money
,
both
which
are
abiect
and
contemptible
:
these
may
well
be
called
mercenarie
iudges
and
corrupt
hirelings
.
Now
somewhat
so
short
as
I
can
,
concerning
the
knowledge
and
studies
required
in
iudges
&
iudiciall
magistrates
.
The
due
reuerence
and
feare
of
Gods
omnipotent
vertue
which
illuminateth
his
vnderstanding
,
perfecteth
his
wisdome
,
amplifieth
his
maiestie
,
refresheth
his
spirits
,
&
corroborateth
all
his
iudgements
,
must
aboue
all
things
before
and
after
iudgement
,
and
continually
with
a
zealous
and
effectuall
prayer
from
a
soule
blessedly
breathing
after
spirituall
consolation
,
be
principally
retained
.
And
therefore
it
is
written
by
Moyses
,
that
iudges
should
be
men
of
courage
,
fearing
God
,
dealing
truely
,
loathing
auarice
.
And
for
this
cause
the
Prophet
Dauid
calleth
them
Gods
saying
,
the
children
of
the
most
high
doe
right
and
iustice
vnto
the
fatherlesse
,
poore
,
and
needie
.
His
ordinarie
studies
therfore
for
pleasure
and
ornament
are
euery
man
what
is
his
owne
,
and
willing
all
men
to
discharge
their
dueties
.
Cicero
calleth
her
the
Queene
and
mistresse
of
all
the
other
vertues
;
because
she
taketh
perfection
from
the
rest
being
as
it
were
a
concordance
or
harmonie
of
all
the
parts
when
appetite
subiecteth
it selfe
to
reason
.
It
is
also
an
affection
of
the
mind
iustecying
all
men
beneuolently
,
and
cherishing
humaine
societie
;
this
is
also
called
equitie
which
in
euen
ballance
pondreth
euery
mans
right
answerable
to
desert
and
dignitie
.
Aristotle
termeth
it
an
affection
of
mind
enabling
men
to
doe
iustly
which
kinaleth
in
them
a
zeale
or
feruent
desire
of
equitie
.
It
is
according
to
M.
Bodine
a
kind
of
Geometrie
,
drowneth
the
concorde
and
societies
of
cities
:
it
teacheth
the
difference
betwixt
honesties
and
their
contraries
,
it
pointeth
out
the
extreames
of
good
and
euill
,
it
directeth
how
to
rule
priuate
families
,
it
sheweth
what
authorities
and
offices
are
proper
to
fathers
,
husbands
,
and
masters
,
it
declareth
the
maintenance
of
a
priuate
state
,
it
instructeth
persons
in
the
vertues
and
discipline
of
a
magistrate
,
it
describeth
the
forme
of
a
Commonwealth
,
it
prescribeth
the
true
meanes
and
knowledge
to
susteine
cities
which
are
in
danger
of
subuersion
,
it
deuiseth
excellent
lawes
and
statutes
to
rectifie
them
;
conclusiuely
the
surest
and
firmest
foundations
of
Empire
are
good
lawes
moderating
and
measuring
out
all
liberall
sciences
and
good
arts
.
Which
good
lawes
(
as
Freigius
calleth
them
)
are
the
mistresses
of
vertue
commanding
people
in
their
liuing
to
demeane
themselues
honestly
and
profitably
with
a
restraint
or
prohibition
of
things
bad
,
and
the
contrary
.
Iustice
according
to
some
learned
moralists
is
knowen
by
these
attributes
or
qualities
:
first
she
will
not
challenge
any
thing
which
is
not
her
owne
;
then
she
doth
neglect
her
owne
priuate
lucre
in
respect
if
she
may
thereby
further
the
common
equitie
.
There
be
sixe
kindes
of
Iustice
according
to
some
very
learned
philosophers
,
and
they
should
seeme
to
be
very
certaine
:
one
iustice
is
legall
,
being
a
kind
of
voluntarie
affection
to
doe
and
desire
iust
things
;
and
by
this
legall
iustice
are
men
wholie
bentand
inclined
for
the
benefit
of
their
contrey
.
The
second
a
morall
iustice
which
I
prementioned
out
of
th'
imperiall
institutions
being
a
constant
and
perpetuall
will
,
yeelding
each
man
his
owne
.
The
third
a
kind
of
exchanging
or
commutuall
iustice
keeping
a
precise
and
religious
equalitie
of
things
amongst
men
.
The
fourth
is
a
iustice
distributiue
by
which
euery
man
is
out
of
the
common
charge
of
his
contrey
rewarded
and
relieued
according
to
demerite
.
The
fifth
is
a
coniunctiue
iustice
,
appliable
to
persons
and
causes
tyed
together
in
any
termes
of
iustice
.
And
the
sixt
is
disiunctiue
,
alluding
to
causes
and
persons
which
are
not
by
any
meanes
of
equitie
compared
or
knit
together
.
This
vertue
principally
respecteth
the
benefit
of
others
more
then
her
owne
,
which
as
Aristotle
saith
is
not
so
specious
in
her
fellow
vertues
.
According
to
Valerius
and
some
other
Philosophers
,
there
are
two
parts
of
iustice
:
the
first
obedience
,
which
is
generall
,
by
which
th'
inferior
offices
of
the
soule
are
subiected
vnto
reason
being
imployed
in
keeping
a
proportion
amongst
popular
societies
,
respecting
the
commonweale
,
&
instructing
persons
in
the
reuerence
and
loue
of
iustice
and
equitie
:
the
second
part
is
priuate
,
restoring
right
to
all
men
;
which
is
also
twofold
.
One
part
thereof
holdeth
a
simetrie
in
contracts
and
negotiations
amongst
men
;
th'
other
being
distributiue
imparteth
rewards
proportionable
to
their
demerites
.
And
this
distributiue
part
of
iustice
is
called
equalitie
being
the
companion
of
peace
and
concord
:
Quae
in
tribuendis
honoribus
&
rerūinter
ciues
communium
aequa
diuisione
seruatur
:
Which
equalitie
is
kept
in
distribution
of
honors
,
and
in
equall
diuision
of
things
amongst
citizens
&
countrimen
,
&c.
Cicero
defineth
the
law
which
is
deriued
from
iustice
to
be
reason
graffed
in
humane
nature
:
vnto
this
all
lawes
and
institutions
,
customes
,
edicts
,
estatutes
(
which
further
the
conseruation
of
Commonwealths
)
haue
reference
:
And
in
obseruation
and
violation
of
them
iustice
&
iniustice
are
opened
.
There
is
no
diuersitie
betwixt
law
and
vertue
,
sauing
that
vertue
by
words
and
promises
benignely
perswadeth
whereas
law
commaundeth
,
compelleth
,
and
inhibiteth
.
The
distributiue
part
of
priuate
iustice
cheefely
concerneth
magistrates
,
consisting
in
rewards
,
punishments
,
iust
gouernement
,
teaching
all
sorts
of
people
to
know
their
offices
,
places
,
dignities
and
degrees
in
the
Commonweales
,
to
take
good
notice
of
themselues
without
ostentation
or
insolence
.
This
vertue
Philosophers
conferre
with
geometrie
because
it
is
vniforme
.
Iniustice
is
either
generall
or
particular
:
that
(
which
I
terme
generall
and
illegitimate
)
is
a
kind
of
habite
of
the
minde
depraued
and
corrupted
,
by
means
whereof
men
in
dignitie
and
magistracie
digresse
from
the
sincere
and
sacred
gubernation
of
the
Lawes
,
permitting
those
that
are
vnder
their
authoritie
to
be
defiled
and
infected
with
contagious
vices
.
The
particular
iniustice
is
that
iniquitie
by
which
any
man
taketh
or
giueth
,
from
or
vnto
persons
more
or
lesse
then
standeth
with
reason
or
desert
.
Out
of
the
whole
substance
of
iustice
(
according
to
Cicero
)
these
branches
or
properties
are
obserued
and
found
;
Religion
,
pietie
,
duetie
,
veritie
,
vindication
,
graticude
,
mercie
,
liberalitie
,
magnificence
,
friendship
:
all
which
fasten
themselues
to
the
lists
of
reason
.
And
herein
are
three
sortes
of
Lawes
comprised
:
one
naturall
,
not
deriued
from
opinion
,
but
from
a
certaine
force
in
vs
innated
;
another
customarie
,
which
hath
by
consent
of
nations
and
people
without
written
law
,
tradicionally
continued
in
force
a
long
time
;
the
third
legitimate
,
which
are
recorded
in
bookes
written
and
knowne
,
according
to
my
diuision
out
of
the
ciuill
institutions
mentioned
before
.
This
law
is
twofold
,
as
either
in
the
most
needfull
respect
in
vs
,
which
should
intimate
the
most
zealous
inuocation
&
adoration
of
Gods
blessed
maiestie
,
being
both
in
holy
writ
,
&
all
sanctions
of
men
vehemently
imposed
vpon
vs
:
the
other
relyeth
vpon
humane
societie
which
is
called
equitie
;
from
whence
that
Philosophicall
definition
of
Law
was
drawne
,
which
calleth
it
the
art
of
equitie
and
goodnesse
.
All
morall
parts
of
iustice
,
whereof
this
booke
of
Counsell
intreateth
,
are
therefore
comprised
in
true
religion
,
which
is
the
iust
and
vnfained
seruice
of
God
.
In
pietie
,
which
exhibiteth
a
iust
respect
of
persons
our
superiors
in
degrees
&
offices
.
In
veritie
,
being
the
iustice
of
our
tongues
consounding
with
a
true
heart
,
which
is
the
diuine
treasure
of
faith
.
In
vindication
,
which
is
a
iust
and
lawfull
defence
,
or
offence
against
open
violence
.
In
gratitude
,
which
is
a
iust
remuneration
of
benefits
answerable
to
mens
faculties
.
In
mercie
,
which
is
a
principall
part
of
diuine
and
naturall
iustice
towardes
our
brethren
depressed
with
afflictions
.
In
liberalitie
,
which
is
a
iust
dispensation
of
necessarie
reliefe
to
certaine
persons
according
to
reason
.
In
magnificence
,
which
is
a
iust
largesse
imployed
to
vertuous
and
godly
purposes
.
And
in
friendship
,
which
is
of
it selfe
a
naturall
iustice
due
to
vertue
.
The
opposites
of
which
are
accordingly
called
the
branches
of
Iniustice
:
Since
therefore
all
vertues
seeme
most
specious
when
they
be
conferred
with
opposites
,
I
will
define
their
contraries
.
Therefore
against
true
religion
,
I
plant
hypocritiall
superstition
,
with
precise
curiositie
,
being
the
vaine
&
vnprofitable
seruice
of
God
,
fashioned
after
the
newfangled
humors
and
schismaticall
fancies
of
nice
greene
heads
:
From
whence
floweth
that
detestable
plague
,
impious
prophanation
of
Gods
sacred
power
,
contempt
or
disestimation
of
others
and
religion
,
the
blasphemies
of
damned
persons
,
Epicures
and
Athiests
,
which
deeply
roote
impietie
,
sacriledge
,
infidelitie
,
and
periurie
.
Against
pietie
stubbornly
marcheth
fourth
impietie
,
being
a
want
of
due
beneuolence
,
obedience
,
or
charitie
towardes
magistrates
:
as
when
we
contemne
or
calumniate
rulers
,
which
is
prohibited
by
Moses
.
A
singular
of
example
God
will
smite
thee
,
thou
painted
wall
:
for
thou
sittest
to
iudge
me
according
to
the
Law
,
and
commandest
thou
me
to
be
smitten
contrary
to
the
Law
?
then
certaine
that
stood
by
told
him
that
he
did
not
well
to
reuile
the
high
Priest
;
which
he
presently
acknowledging
in
ignorance
,
as
not
hauing
considered
what
magistrate
he
was
,
said
:
It
is
written
,
thou
shalt
not
raile
vpon
the
Iudges
nor
speake
euill
of
the
ruler
of
the
people
.
From
hence
matureth
the
disobedience
of
children
and
people
towardes
parents
,
magistrates
,
and
towards
their
Countrie
:
from
whence
,
issue
scornfulnesse
,
contempt
of
reuerence
and
dutie
.
Principall
actors
in
this
Scaene
of
diuels
,
are
parricides
,
traitors
to
their
Soueraignes
and
countrie
,
murtherers
,
and
trecherors
vnto
their
masters
,
with
others
,
such
as
are
of
the
venemous
spirit
of
Cayne
.
Dutie
being
by
disobedience
confronted
,
herein
looseth
his
prerogatiue
,
that
stubbornnesse
(
which
taketh
root
in
pride
)
contumeliously
reiecteth
it
.
Hence
is
that
sottish
selfe-doting
,
louing
and
ouer-pleasing
of
men
,
with
hypocriticall
obedience
exhibited
vnto
true
vertues
,
and
a
readie
willingnesse
to
commit
idolatrie
by
the
service
of
profane
and
dishonest
affections
.
Immanitie
with
lenitie
combate
against
iust
vindication
,
specified
in
these
two
properties
:
when
the
correction
is
greater
then
the
fault
,
and
therefore
is
the
Prouerbe
,
Cupido
&
irapessimi
sunt
consultores
:
Lust
and
wrath
are
the
worst
counsellors
:
and
specially
wrath
is
to
be
vehemently
suppressed
in
a
Iudge
,
least
he
staine
his
hands
in
innocent
blood
,
which
is
a
thing
so
odious
in
the
sight
of
God
and
man
,
as
nothing
can
be
more
abhominable
:
Hence
was
that
saying
of
the
noble
morall
Tragoedian
;
Iudex
futurus
sanguine
humano
Lyes
,
calumnies
,
fraud
,
hypocrisie
,
dissimulation
,
and
arrogancie
stand
at
defiance
with
veritie
;
what
enemies
these
be
vnto
the
soule
of
man
,
and
vnto
publike
gouernement
,
I
referre
to
mens
priuate
consciences
.
For
calumnie
praiseth
vice
,
rebuketh
vertue
:
hypocrisie
doth
foolishly
,
maliciously
,
and
fraudulently
dispraise
those
in
their
absence
whom
in
presence
she
commendeth
;
and
in
like
case
the
rest
.
There
is
one
most
pemicious
disease
ingendred
of
these
humors
,
which
being
very
rise
in
some
princes
courts
I
may
not
forget
.
The
condition
is
in
killing
,
imprisoning
and
vndoing
certaine
persons
,
and
some
of
good
desert
,
which
in
the
politicke
Courtier
of
Duro
di
pascolo
,
seemeth
commonly
to
be
bent
against
noble
Gentlemen
,
of
greatest
respect
,
honest
,
innocent
,
and
vnconuicted
:
these
being
brought
vnto
the
pits
brinck
,
are
many
times
charged
and
surcharged
with
treasonable
or
nefarious
accusations
,
wherein
they
perish
;
as
Petro
de
Vineis
,
Aluaro
de
Luna
,
Giacobo
Corde
,
Christophoro
Colombo
,
Philip
de
Comynes
,
with
other
very
wise
and
honourable
Counsellors
,
euen
of
our
fathers
times
and
of
our
memories
,
which
did
in
such
cases
miscary
:
neither
is
it
safe
or
behoofefull
that
I
particularize
.
This
is
a
kinde
of
iniustice
and
close
malice
,
necessarily
to
be
sisted
being
wholy
composed
of
diabolicall
wilynesse
.
Wherefore
they
cannot
be
very
noble
,
that
foster
in
their
rancorous
hearts
such
maliciousnesse
:
and
if
there
rest
in
any
heroycall
spirits
,
the
least
spiracle
which
should
seeme
to
taste
of
that
contagious
humour
it
is
emulation
onely
:
for
we
finde
in
Cicero
,
that
Nobiles
sivirtute
valent
magis
aemuli
quam
inuidi
bonorum
sunt
:
Noblemen
which
are
possessed
of
vertue
,
doe
rather
emulate
then
maligne
good
men
.
And
albeit
this
There
is
a
Lesson
which
Cicero
vehemently
mooueth
and
vrgeth
,
and
in
this
case
fit
to
be
considered
vpon
,
by
learned
and
graue
Iudges
;
not
to
summon
or
appeale
any
man
in
causes
criminall
,
if
he
finde
in
his
heart
the
parties
innocencie
so
slandered
or
indited
:
because
it
cannot
bee
done
without
great
charge
and
torture
of
conscience
.
For
what
can
be
found
more
rigorous
and
vnmanly
then
to
peruert
that
eloquence
(
which
God
,
with
nature
hath
giuen
for
the
comfort
and
conseruation
of
men
)
vnto
the
shame
and
ruine
of
honest
persons
?
Which
charitable
equabilitie
hath
bin
obserued
in
some
worthy
Law-fathers
of
this
land
:
and
amongst
others
manie
times
in
one
principall
minister
of
his
Maiesties
pleadings
of
whom
vnnamed
,
I
may
speake
a
I
speake
this
as
a
necessarie
caueat
or
monition
against
calumnies
and
enuy
,
which
hath
bene
the
deuouring
caterpiller
of
so
many
vertuous
and
gallant
princes
and
Commonwealthes
men
,
that
haue
thereby
perished
,
because
that
restlesse
hagge
malice
commonly
doth
more
mischiefe
then
fortune
:
and
therfore
if
men
which
are
set
vpon
the
stage
of
honour
and
reputation
can
finde
out
a
soueraigne
preseruatiue
against
her
venime
;
then
doe
they
shew
great
wisedome
possessing
this
world
in
quiet
.
For
sure
it
is
that
Viuos
interdum
fortuna
,
saepe
inuidia
fatigat
.
Fortune
some
times
toyleth
liuing
creatures
,
but
enuy
vexeth
them
often
.
Gratitude
being
another
branch
of
iustice
is
vngraciously
wounded
with
vnthankefulnesse
:
nothing
vanisheth
sooner
then
the
remembrance
of
benefites
receiued
;
for
if
you
multiply
them
,
they
shall
be
retributed
and
retribled
to
you
with
infinite
malefices
,
considering
that
he
which
neither
hath
heart
if
you
call
me
vnthankefull
,
call
me
what
you
will
:
for
nothing
can
be
more
disgracefull
or
infamous
.
And
as
it
is
vsed
to
men
of
that
vnthankfull
nature
,
an
vnthankefull
dogge
:
for
as
it
is
odious
in
a
dogge
,
a
snake
,
or
any
wild
beast
,
which
is
cherished
or
fedde
at
your
table
,
to
bite
or
maligne
their
fosterers
,
which
is
a
thing
very
rarely
to
be
seene
:
howmuch
more
lothesome
and
contemptible
is
it
in
a
man
to
whom
God
hath
giuen
heart
and
reason
of
gratification
.
Mercie
confounded
is
with
hardnesse
of
heart
,
vncharitablenesse
,
vnconscionable
actions
,
strangenesse
amongst
brethren
and
societies
,
being
both
pernicious
to
the
soule
of
people
,
and
contagious
to
the
peace
and
vnions
of
all
ciuill
states
and
policies
.
Liberality
perishethin
these
extreamities
,
in
auarice
which
cannot
endure
the
thought
of
giuing
,
and
in
prodigalitie
dishabling
the
power
thereof
.
These
are
guarded
with
infinite
vices
,
of
which
two
mischiefes
,
prodigalitie
more
helpeth
in
repayring
many
,
whereas
couetousnesse
will
not
relieue
any
.
Vaine
ostentation
being
vndecently
slubbered
vp
,
and
neighbouring
auarice
,
is
opposite
to
magnificence
:
there
is
likewise
a
proud
immoderate
and
vnseasonable
kinde
of
riotous
magnificence
accompanied
with
excesse
:
the
daungers
,
of
both
are
much
like
to
the
perils
issuing
from
the
extreames
of
liberalitie
:
but
of
auarice
,
ostentation
&
prodigalitie
,
I
haue
more
at
large
spoken
in
the
morals
of
my
first
booke
of
offices
.
Friendship
being
the
nauell
or
vp-shot
of
all
iustice
,
Etiam
&
habitus
verè
&
perfectè
diligendi
alterum
proper
similitudinem
morum
:
Which
is
a
habite
of
perfect
and
true
loue
betwixt
men
,
resembling
one
another
in
conditions
and
manners
by
naturall
sympathie
,
shall
take
place
in
the
bottome
,
base
and
groundworke
of
the
rest
,
and
it
is
thwarted
with
enmity
which
worketh
in
mens
hearts
crueltie
with
hatred
;
whereupon
patricides
and
homicides
ingender
.
It
is
a
common
saying
,
that
such
a
man
hath
betrayed
or
deceiued
his
friend
;
because
the
practise
and
example
seemeth
very
frequent
amongst
vs
in
this
age
,
according
to
that
saying
of
Salust
,
Per
maximam
amicitiam
maxima
est
fallendi
copia
;
that
where
greatest
friendship
harboreth
,
there
hath
deceit
most
power
and
force
to
practise
;
but
I
am
not
of
that
opinion
how
true
friendship
(
if
it
be
mutuall
and
reciprocall
)
hath
any
port
which
can
open
vnto
the
heart
that
could
entertaine
falshood
against
friends
:
considering
that
true
friendship
is
naked
,
pure
and
immaculate
according
to
the
,
definition
before
expressed
.
Howbeit
there
is
a
similitude
of
wicked
natures
,
which
combineth
men
in
a
kinde
of
fraternitie
which
me
seemeth
may
not
be
called
so
properly
friendship
,
being
brethren
in
euill
sacramentally
tyed
,
and
periuriously
vntyed
at
pleasure
,
to
succour
,
loue
,
deceiue
and
betray
one
another
.
This
in
like
opposition
with
the
former
is
the
very
seede
of
all
disunion
and
iniustice
.
From
hence
distractions
,
seditions
,
factions
,
oppressions
,
and
diuers
sutes
arise
which
neuer
haue
end
nor
will
,
but
by
conspiracies
;
vpon
which
the
prince
is
many
times
forced
to
staine
his
hands
with
blood
,
or
to
loose
his
soueraignetie
.
Many
men
neglect
this
,
not
looking
into
the
danger
which
dayly
stealeth
out
of
it
:
and
yet
it
is
easily
found
,
if
they
consider
how
the
seed-time
of
each
yeere
present
occasioneth
the
next
yeeres
haruest
;
ministring
store
of
matter
to
gorge
vp
the
couetous
bags
of
some
ambicious
Lawmen
,
Aduocats
and
Atturneyes
.
Now
somewhat
concerning
that
abilitie
which
strengtheneth
iudges
and
iuridicall
magistrates
in
th'
administration
of
publike
affaires
.
To
the
perfection
of
knowledge
herein
it
is
right
behoouefull
that
they
which
iudge
,
be
soundly
read
and
practised
in
all
the
lawes
Ciuill
,
Cannon
,
and
prouinciall
consenting
with
the
lawes
of
those
nations
where
men
liue
,
and
also
the
lawes
of
all
neighbouring
Commonweales
politickely
gouerned
,
whether
they
be
Christian
or
pagane
,
conferring
them
with
the
ground
of
all
good
laws
deliuered
first
by
God
to
the
sacred
prince
Moyses
his
seruant
in
the
decalogue
:
as
also
that
he
studiously
peruse
all
the
bookes
of
Moyses
,
wherein
the
politicke
statutes
and
ordinances
deriued
from
the
fountaine
of
his
vnserchable
wisedome
are
touched
;
as
in
the
bookes
of
Exodus
,
Detronomie
,
Numbers
:
likewise
in
the
Iudges
and
Kings
.
Nay
let
him
peruse
the
whole
volumes
of
the
new
Testament
;
wherein
he
shall
find
the
true
formes
and
treasure
of
all
good
lawes
and
iudgements
.
Likewise
let
him
conuerse
with
the
lawes
of
the
ancient
Egyptians
which
(
as
Diodorus
recordeth
them
)
are
like
in
It
is
also
most
commendable
,
and
would
adde
infinite
riches
to
his
iudgement
,
if
he
can
by
diligent
reading
attaine
the
Lawes
of
all
principall
States
and
Kingdomes
in
this
age
established
as
in
Spaine
,
France
,
Portugall
,
the
free
States
of
Italie
,
the
Empire
of
Germany
,
the
Cantons
of
Swizzer-land
,
the
Kingdomes
of
Poleland
,
Hungaria
,
Prussia
,
Moscouia
,
with
such
like
:
most
of
which
although
they
be
gouerned
by
the
lawes
imperiall
,
haue
not
withstanding
Edicts
,
&
customarie
prescriptions
retaining
legall
force
,
which
are
most
fit
and
worthy
to
be
knowne
.
Also
the
Lawes
of
the
Turkes
,
of
the
Persians
,
and
of
any
strange
heathens
in
the
world
,
which
are
partakers
and
be
gouerned
by
rule
of
reason
.
This
Science
with
the
riches
of
that
knowledge
,
which
may
be
gotten
by
the
same
together
with
the
iudicious
conference
of
one
with
another
,
I
cannot
sufficiently
declare
nor
commend
:
neither
,
if
it
were
possible
for
a
man
,
all
other
means
being
wanting
thervnto
to
liue
vntill
he
had
visited
those
nations
,
and
had
soiourned
in
each
particular
countrey
,
till
he
were
acquainted
with
their
seuerall
Lawes
and
orders
,
could
his
paines
answere
the
least
part
of
benefit
which
that
knowledge
will
dispense
.
In
publicke
iudgements
(
which
according
to
th'
imperiall
Institutions
are
so
called
,
because
the
execution
of
them
is
referred
to
any
of
the
people
)
it
much
importeth
him
to
be
very
skilfull
,
conferring
them
to
the
benefit
of
his
priuate
iudgement
with
the
publicke
iudgements
,
as
in
cases
criminall
of
his
owne
nation
.
Of
these
some
being
capitall
and
the
rest
not
capitall
:
those
which
are
,
doe
punish
with
death
or
perpetuall
exile
;
as
it
was
called
by
the
Romans
,
Interdiction
from
fire
and
water
,
by
which
was
intended
an
exclusion
from
all
other
benefit
,
or
comfort
of
his
natiue
Countrey
.
Such
were
those
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
〈◊〉
as
Freigius
defineth
;
being
persons
cast
out
,
or
banished
interdiction
of
fire
and
water
,
or
the
prescription
and
abdication
of
people
.
Other
iudgements
vpon
defamation
proceed
with
pecuniary
mulct
,
which
are
also
publicke
and
not
capitall
.
Howbeit
publicke
iudgements
principally
proceed
in
matters
of
maiestie
,
touching
traytors
against
the
King
or
Common-wealth
,
punished
with
All
criminall
causes
according
to
the
forme
of
our
Lawes
,
are
either
treasons
or
felonies
;
and
those
courts
in
England
which
are
ordained
for
tryall
of
them
that
stand
appealed
for
such
crimes
,
are
the
Kingsbench
,
or
Gaole
deliueryes
.
Which
iudgements
are
through
all
Counties
of
this
Realme
,
once
each
yeere
at
the
least
(
and
in
some
oftner
)
according
to
the
greatnesse
of
the
shire
;
and
of
that
necessitie
which
may
happen
vpon
the
manifold
offences
,
tryable
where
the
factes
were
committed
,
if
it
bee
not
otherwise
determined
by
the
Kings
priuie
Counsell
.
Treasons
according
to
the
lawes
of
our
Nation
are
crymes
of
such
heinous
nature
,
as
either
concerne
the
Prince
in
his
life
or
State
.
As
when
a
man
compasseth
or
imagineth
the
Kings
,
the
Queenes
,
or
their
eldest
son
his
death
;
the
violation
or
constupration
of
the
Queene
,
or
of
the
kings
eldest
daughter
vnmaried
,
or
of
the
Prince
his
wife
the
levying
of
war
against
the
King
,
in
his
Realme
,
or
abroad
;
the
counterfeiting
of
his
great
or
priuy
Seale
,
or
of
his
moneys
;
th'
importation
of
false
money
counterfeit
to
the
stampe
of
his
Realmes
,
and
knowing
it
to
be
false
:
to
kill
the
Ghancellor
,
Treasurer
,
or
Iudges
of
the
Kings
bench
,
or
of
the
common
plees
,
or
the
Iustices
in
Eire
,
the
Iustices
of
assise
,
or
any
Iustices
of
Oyer
,
&
derminer
,
doing
their
offices
there
is
another
petit
treason
when
a
seruant
slayeth
his
Master
,
and
a
wife
her
husband
;
a
man
secular
or
religious
,
any
Prelate
to
whom
he
oweth
faith
and
obedience
.
Moreouer
if
any
thing
should
happen
vnnamed
,
respite
must
bee
graunted
till
by
Parliament
it
be
adiudged
and
ordayned
treason
or
felonie
.
Paricides
,
such
as
kill
their
parents
openly
or
closely
,
and
such
as
are
either
accessaries
or
abettours
,
punished
with
extreame
torture
of
death
,
Felonies
are
of
diuers
natures
,
including
any
capitall
iniustice
,
as
in
life
,
or
liuing
towards
diuers
persons
:
of
which
,
some
be
murtherers
;
others
in
theft
and
robberies
;
and
some
in
deceit
appendant
to
that
nature
;
but
in
a
more
venemous
degree
.
Murtherers
therefore
,
which
with
artificiall
instruments
,
poysons
,
Falsifying
or
counterfeiting
of
written
Chartiers
,
Euidences
,
Records
,
Publicke
violence
which
is
done
with
weapon
,
or
artificiall
instrument
;
finable
to
the
the
third
part
of
his
goods
which
offendeth
.
Pettie
thefts
sometimes
with
losse
of
life
,
and
in
certaine
cases
with
lighter
The
lawes
of
ambition
,
of
requiring
a
restitution
of
goods
taken
away
,
In
iudgements
criminall
,
generally
requiring
the
deepest
and
soundest
discretion
of
Iudges
,
there
is
one
question
which
I
haue
heard
controuerted
:
Whether
in
them
it
be
better
and
more
expedient
to
shew
mercie
then
rigor
?
but
it
is
by
the
stronger
part
of
opinions
confirmed
,
that
in
the
gouernment
of
a
multitude
(
where
the
crimes
are
treasonable
or
infectious
)
seuere
punishment
much
more
auaileth
then
lenitie
.
Which
Tacitus
no
lesse
sagely
(
though
liuing
in
a
tyrannous
Empire
)
doth
confirme
.
Yet
forsomuch
as
it
is
no
part
of
my
profession
(
but
in
somewhat
impertinent
)
to
declare
the
substance
of
all
these
causes
criminall
according
to
their
natures
;
I
will
pretermit
and
handle
only
such
things
,
as
are
required
of
a
Iudge
in
his
general
decision
or
execution
of
them
.
Punishments
therefore
are
either
frequent
,
or
rare
:
mitigate
punishments
of
multitudes
together
with
frequent
practize
of
them
.
And
he
which
hastily
proceedeth
to
sentence
of
condemnation
,
will
be
generally
said
and
condemned
to
haue
done
it
willingly
.
If
occasion
so
require
,
that
for
a
genenerall
good
and
quiet
,
a
multitude
must
vndergoe
punishment
;
make
specious
demonstration
,
that
it
is
onely
done
to
preuent
further
offence
,
and
not
in
regard
of
the
fault
:
shew
neither
wrath
nor
gladnesse
in
punishing
;
inflict
not
any
strange
or
extreame
punishments
:
for
they
be
dangerous
,
&
the
Iudges
which
punish
after
new
fashions
are
vndoubtedly
cruell
.
Be
not
partiall
in
punishing
,
as
in
dealing
more
seuerely
with
some
,
then
with
others
whose
faults
are
of
equall
qualitie
.
Neither
be
present
spectators
at
the
execution
of
malefactors
:
which
violent
&
irous
appearance
,
hath
drowned
many
princes
in
the
blood
of
their
Tyrannie
.
And
whereas
it
doth
happen
frequently
;
that
many
persons
and
some
of
the
best
estate
and
qualitie
,
cannot
be
punished
with
death
,
but
with
the
great
danger
and
hatred
of
the
Iudge
;
which
he
should
wholy
neglect
,
honourably
respecting
the
person
of
veritie
,
represented
in
himselfe
;
it
is
required
,
that
in
heinous
causes
all
the
heads
be
cut
off
together
,
and
that
not
leasurely
one
by
one
:
For
often
reiteration
of
blood
giueth
suspition
of
mercilesse
truculencie
,
stirring
malice
in
many
men
and
pleasing
few
:
onely
the
due
respect
of
seueritie
bent
against
them
(
whose
pardons
are
full
of
perill
)
presently
washing
out
the
note
or
malice
of
that
seueritie
,
with
remission
and
indulgence
of
other
offendors
,
whose
crimes
being
of
a
more
humble
nature
,
include
not
much
danger
in
them
.
Hauing
and
retaining
alwayes
a
precise
respect
of
the
natures
and
qualities
of
the
persons
offending
,
and
of
their
offences
:
according
with
that
rule
in
Salust
,
Vos
sceleratissimis
hominibus
quiaciues
sunt
ignos●…ere
aequo
animo
paterer
ni
miserecordia
in
perniciem
casura
esset
:
I
could
be
contented
that
great
offendors
shold
be
pardoned
,
were
it
not
that
such
mercie
would
turne
to
mischiefe
.
Onely
this
should
be
regarded
,
that
amongst
many
persons
combined
in
offence
a
few
of
the
principals
be
cut
off
.
Necem
etenim
paucorum
aut
vnius
hominis
calamitati
Richard
Emson
,
and
Master
Dudley
,
in
the
second
yeere
of
King
Henry
the
eight
.
To
great
offences
therefore
either
presumptuously
,
or
bloodily
committed
by
great
persons
of
note
,
apply
notable
and
exemplary
punishments
;
that
meaner
folke
in
beholding
their
executions
,
may
be
discouraged
from
the
like
attempts
.
Which
rule
hath
beene
narrowly
kept
by
that
right
noble
,
reuerende
and
politicke
Iudge
,
Sir
Iohn
Popham
,
by
whose
iustice
and
seuere
integritie
(
thunder-blasting
desperate
offences
)
many
grieuous
and
contagious
malefactors
haue
been
oftentimes
repressed
.
If
therefore
a
mans
life
insist
vpon
it
,
let
him
not
feare
to
giue
sentence
according
to
conscionable
euidence
and
equitie
:
whereas
he
shall
finde
it
euident
and
fit
,
that
by
so
iudging
,
iustice
is
not
scandalized
.
Moreouer
,
it
must
not
appeare
to
be
done
either
in
priuate
,
as
by
corrupt
bribes
,
violently
to
diuert
the
current
of
iustice
out
of
his
true
channel
,
or
any
malice
or
enuie
to
parties
,
which
is
a
kinde
of
disease
of
the
minde
,
which
greuously
repineth
at
the
good
successe
or
qualities
of
others
.
And
many
men
wil
sooner
pardon
the
slaughter
of
their
parents
,
then
the
losse
of
their
liuings
vniustly
.
Seueritie
therefore
in
necessarie
punishments
,
addeth
a
maiestie
to
the
magistrate
:
for
otherwise
it
happeneth
oftentimes
,
that
the
Prince
may
rebuke
his
foolish
lentitude
,
in
such
termes
as
were
obiected
by
Quintus
Fab.
Maximus
in
the
Romane
Senate
against
Scipio
,
whose
souldiors
through
his
exceeding
licence
and
lenitie
reuolted
from
him
;
that
he
should
haue
corrupted
the
state
of
ciuil
gouernment
,
as
Scipio
did
the
Romane
militarie
discipline
:
vpon
which
reprehension
,
Scipio
reformed
himselfe
with
great
reputation
;
whereas
in
regard
of
his
former
mildnesse
,
the
first
examples
of
his
seueritie
were
not
imputed
to
his
owne
nature
.
It
is
not
meant
here
by
the
example
of
Draco
,
who
did
write
all
his
lawes
in
blood
for
the
Athenians
,
to
punish
euery
small
offence
with
death
:
but
such
as
are
either
traiterous
and
sedicious
paricides
,
homicides
,
or
others
of
like
condition
according
to
the
qualities
of
their
offences
.
There
is
a
kinde
of
grace
and
and
mercie
declared
in
executing
or
interpreting
the
very
Letter
of
the
Law
precisely
:
which
I
referre
in
the
religion
thereof
vnto
the
Iudges
conscience
,
as
by
a
common
and
familiar
example
.
Zaluchus
(
hauing
made
a
Law
to
the
Locrensians
,
that
any
persons
of
that
common-wealth
,
if
they
were
taken
in
adulterie
,
should
loose
both
their
eyes
)
was
forced
to
giue
sentence
against
his
owne
sonne
,
which
stood
in
that
case
appealed
before
him
:
&
notwithstanding
that
earnest
intercession
made
by
the
people
for
his
pardon
;
yet
in
satisfaction
of
the
Law
,
he
caused
one
of
his
owne
and
another
of
his
sonnes
eyes
to
be
done
out
.
In
what
ought
a
Iudge
to
declare
more
constant
veritie
,
then
in
iuridicall
sentences
?
in
what
more
zeale
then
in
execution
of
the
Lawes
?
in
what
place
more
maiestie
then
on
the
venerable
throne
of
iustice
?
I
will
confirme
this
with
a
familiar
example
of
common
record
in
our
English
Chronicles
.
Henrie
of
Monm●…uth
sonne
to
king
Henrie
the
fourth
(
who
did
afterwards
succeede
his
father
)
rushed
vnto
the
Kings
Bench
(
the
Lord
chiefe
Iustice
of
England
sitting
in
iudgement
vpon
life
and
death
of
one
of
that
princes
seruants
,
then
in
case
of
felonie
brought
vnto
the
bar
before
him
)
and
with
his
sword
drawen
made
offer
to
rescue
the
prisoner
without
further
triall
:
the
people
astonished
at
such
vnusuall
behauiour
,
were
afraid
.
The
iudge
himselfe
,
or
rather
Gods
spirit
directing
,
wisely
weighing
his
owne
condition
,
and
looking
into
trueth
and
authoritie
,
banisheth
all
suddaine
feare
,
and
stoutly
with
a
reuerend
maiestie
rebuketh
the
prince
in
this
sort
.
Come
hether
furious
yongman
,
wound
this
old
carcase
with
thy
sword
wherewith
thou
menacest
me
;
strike
,
strike
I
say
,
rather
will
I
die
then
endure
such
example
.
This
place
which
thou
doest
violate
is
thy
fathers
tribunall
,
the
iudge
whom
thou
threatnest
representeth
thy
father
,
the
law
which
thou
contemnest
,
adiudgeth
thee
guiltie
for
it
;
and
without
any
respect
that
thou
art
sonne
to
the
king
,
on
behalfe
of
thy
father
,
and
being
assisted
and
supported
with
the
Commonweales
authoritie
,
I
doe
commit
thee
to
prison
.
At
which
reuerend
and
constant
iudgement
of
the
magistrate
,
the
prince
abashed
presently
let
fall
his
sword
,
and
willingly
submitted
himselfe
to
prison
.
The
king
vpon
this
tragaecomedie
reported
,
burst
with
teares
into
these
speeches
:
happie
am
I
in
so
iust
&
sincere
a
iudge
,
&
in
so
good
and
obedient
a
sonne
.
Which
gallant
prince
succeeding
his
sather
in
the
gouernement
so
much
esteemed
of
that
iudge
,
as
(
when
he
departed
England
with
his
forces
towards
France
for
that
conquest
which
he
there
purchased
)
he
committed
the
tuition
and
gouernement
of
his
whole
realme
,
during
that
his
absence
to
him
:
the
historie
is
true
though
common
,
and
yet
not
so
vulgar
as
notable
.
Sedition
and
malice
being
two
pestilent
and
contagious
diseases
in
a
Commonwealth
should
be
seuerely
punished
in
the
beginnings
without
remission
,
yet
with
such
discretion
handled
,
as
it
might
seeme
rather
to
proceede
from
a
mind
very
loath
,
and
grieuing
to
punish
,
but
that
constraint
and
the
common
cause
enforceth
it
.
Howbeit
,
somewhat
must
alwayes
be
done
for
examples
sake
considering
the
sentence
,
Panarum
fructus
omnium
maximus
pertinet
ad
exemplum
.
The
most
fruit
and
profit
which
issueth
from
punishments
groweth
vpon
example
.
There
is
great
daunger
in
ministring
a
more
vehement
medecine
,
then
either
the
nature
or
strength
of
the
disease
or
diseased
doth
require
.
Applie
not
any
corrosiues
but
vpon
extremities
and
causes
otherwise
remedilesse
.
He
which
hatcheth
vengeance
in
his
heart
,
may
not
punish
hastely
but
expect
a
fit
occasion
for
his
owne
satisfaction
,
which
will
vndoubtedly
fall
without
any
combustion
,
note
,
or
imputation
of
reuenge
.
Those
iudges
therefore
I
deeme
wel
worthie
commendation
,
which
seldome
vsing
seueritie
can
attaine
and
keepe
the
name
of
terrible
magistrates
:
for
by
much
exercise
of
bloodie
iustice
as
I
said
before
,
more
harme
then
good
ensueth
to
the
prince
;
for
not
onely
the
persons
fauourers
of
the
parties
punished
,
but
the
peoples
hearts
in
generall
will
storme
at
it
:
and
admit
you
can
remoue
some
of
the
first
which
stirre
in
it
;
yet
in
a
case
of
crueltie
the
peoples
indignation
may
fitly
be
compared
to
wild-fire
,
which
being
once
kindled
will
encrease
and
burne
more
vehemently
.
If
therefore
a
Iudge
extend
seueritie
,
let
it
be
manifested
especially
,
when
matters
of
blood
and
violation
of
humane
charitie
requireth
it
:
when
violence
vpon
impious
passion
or
perturbation
of
the
minde
,
to
satisfie
priuate
malice
is
exercised
vpon
persons
;
which
no
man
being
moderated
by
the
Law
of
nature
will
commit
:
as
Cicero
writeth
;
hominem
naturae
obedientem
homini
nocere
non
posse
:
That
not
any
man
which
is
obedient
to
nature
will
hurt
another
man
.
Neither
can
any
thing
expresse
the
prudence
of
a
magistrate
more
to
life
,
then
the
iust
conseruation
and
maintenance
of
a
mans
life
;
nothing
decipher
his
crueltie
more
,
then
slaughter
and
effusion
of
blood
.
How
odious
is
the
very
name
of
homicide
,
by
whose
violence
man
which
is
the
goodliest
artifice
of
nature
is
dissolued
?
Nothing
therefore
should
in
a
ciuill
societie
be
more
seuerely
sifted
,
nothing
feele
more
extreame
punishment
then
murtherers
.
A
iust
Iudge
therefore
sitting
in
iudgement
vpon
homicides
,
should
in
his
right
hand
hold
a
Iasper
stone
,
to
stanch
the
blood
of
innocents
;
&
in
the
left
a
sword
to
strike
bloody
murtherers
and
slaughterers
:
so
that
the
sword
be
not
more
forcible
then
the
stone
,
least
his
wrath
conquer
clemencie
when
he
reuengeth
blood
.
Next
vnto
murther
is
that
vlcerous
and
vnsatiable
wolfe
vsurie
,
which
like
a
cancor
consumeth
the
flesh
and
bones
of
Prince
and
people
.
It
is
the
extreamest
stincking
plague
of
any
common-wealth
.
And
hence
was
it
,
that
Marcus
Cato
said
,
How
murther
and
vsurie
were
correlatiue
.
Which
leprous
botch
(
for
I
cannot
giue
it
a
terme
bad
enough
)
the
Romans
punished
more
seuerely
then
felonie
.
And
Salust
likewise
aduising
Caesar
in
one
of
his
Orations
saith
;
Tollendus
foenerator
vt
suas
quisque
res
curemus
:
Vsurers
must
be
banished
,
that
euery
man
may
the
better
follow
his
priuate
businesse
.
Intimating
those
lets
and
obstacles
which
happen
to
the
common-wealth
;
where
diuers
principall
persons
are
consumed
and
eaten
vp
with
vsurie
.
Saying
moreouer
,
that
all
things
would
haue
good
successe
in
the
common-wealth
,
Sipecuniae
(
quae
maxima
omnium
pernicies
est
)
vsum
atque
dedecus
dempserit
:
If
he
would
so
practise
,
that
the
vse
and
disgrace
of
selling
and
lending
of
money
There
yet
remaineth
one
principall
respect
and
consideration
for
Magistrates
and
Iudges
,
which
specially
concerneth
the
common-wealth
:
to
take
such
carefull
heed
and
circumspection
as
may
be
,
that
all
men
and
persons
,
yong
and
old
,
of
all
trades
and
professions
in
all
townes
and
cities
,
doe
follow
with
diligence
and
commendable
industrie
their
seuerall
functions
and
vocations
,
which
is
the
readiest
meane
both
to
magnifie
and
amplifie
the
common-wealth
.
And
therefore
Francis
Patricius
,
in
his
booke
De
institutione
Hence
was
that
law
amongst
the
Egyptians
which
Diodorus
mentioneth
that
he
which
will
not
worke
,
shall
not
eate
.
These
Areopagites
whose
offices
were
not
vnlike
to
the
Romane
Censors
tooke
such
care
,
that
idle
fellowes
should
giue
strict
accompt
of
their
time
and
profession
imployed
and
exercised
.
And
this
accompt
of
idlenesse
was
so
venit
ad
pigros
canasenectus
.
Neither
is
it
fit
that
I
will
not
insist
vpon
more
obseruations
,
concerning
the
knowledge
and
practise
of
Iudges
:
desiring
them
that
read
this
,
not
to
impute
my
paines
to
arrogancie
in
dealing
with
studies
beyond
my
weake
element
,
neither
to
any
other
wants
(
which
are
manifold
in
it
)
considering
that
I
haue
with
cheerfulnesse
done
my
best
for
the
yong
Readers
benefit
.
The
noble
.
Iudges
and
Lawyers
which
haue
left
vnto
vs
the
knowledge
of
our
Common-lawes
,
hauing
taken
great
paines
for
the
comfort
and
benefit
of
this
Common-wealth
,
as
is
manifest
by
their
written
Bookes
,
and
reports
of
the
Law
,
be
Master
Glanvile
,
Littleton
,
Fitzherbert
,
Brooke
,
Dyer
,
Plowdon
,
and
that
right
worthy
Lawyer
of
our
time
,
Sir
Edw.
Cooke
,
the
Kings
Atturney
generall
.
The
reuerend
Fathers
and
Iudges
in
the
Lawes
of
our
time
,
were
Wray
,
Bacon
,
Harper
,
Bromley
,
Manwood
,
Anderson
,
Egerton
,
and
Popham
:
whose
excellent
gifts
of
knowledge
and
wisedome
,
haue
bene
plentifully
powred
out
,
to
the
generall
benefit
of
this
Nation
.
Diuers
excellent
men
of
great
prudence
,
learning
&
hope
for
our
own
laws
,
residing
and
studious
in
our
houses
of
court
,
and
otherwise
dispersed
through
his
Maiesties
dominions
,
adorne
and
beautifie
this
Realme
;
whose
names
fit
me
not
here
to
insinuate
.
So
that
this
Nation
vnder
Gods
gouernment
,
during
good
Queene
Elizabeth
her
raigne
,
was
inriched
and
roabed
with
the
gold
and
purpure
of
fortune
and
wisedome
auspiciously
combined
together
.
And
since
her
time
with
his
Maiesties
high
prudence
,
alwayes
studying
and
inclyning
to
the
peace
and
happinesse
of
his
people
,
graciously
begun
,
and
very
like
blessedly
to
continue
to
his
Highnesse
high
comfort
,
so
long
as
it
shall
stand
with
Gods
high
pleasure
,
his
Maiesties
honour
,
and
with
the
speciall
weale
of
his
Kingdomes
.
The
Lawes
before
King
Edward
the
third
his
raigne
(
as
Glanvile
and
Bracton
record
)
and
some
which
were
established
in
the
dayes
of
his
father
Edward
of
Carnarvan
,
and
of
King
Richard
the
second
were
written
in
Latine
:
but
in
the
first
of
King
Edward
the
third
his
raigne
,
who
had
,
as
it
is
knowne
generally
,
good
and
lawfull
right
to
the
crowne
of
France
,
and
did
retaine
diuers
of
those
Prouinces
in
possession
,
were
all
of
them
written
in
French
.
Howbeit
soone
after
,
to
the
ende
that
the
people
might
the
better
vnderstand
what
was
spoken
for
&
against
them
,
the
Lawyers
which
before
lately
pleaded
in
French
,
vpon
such
inconuenience
found
,
were
enioyned
by
one
act
of
Parliament
,
that
all
their
pleadings
in
all
courts
&
place
within
the
Finis
libri
tertij
.
The
fourth
Booke
of
Offices
.
IT
is
commonly
seene
in
the
depraued
condition
of
humane
nature
,
that
diuers
persons
doe
vehemently
desire
to
be
reputed
skilfull
,
and
excellently
learned
in
some
commendable
arts
which
they
neuer
attained
.
A
vicious
bindnesse
proceeding
(
as
I
deeme
)
from
pride
innated
,
and
from
a
certaine
dishonest
kinde
of
sluggishnesse
;
when
any
man
shall
thinke
,
that
he
can
buy
the
credit
and
falsed
opinion
of
diuine
treasures
,
with
meere
idlenesse
;
in
whose
loathsome
and
vnsauory
kennell
,
the
ragged
,
blind
,
barbarous
,
and
misbeli●…uing
idoll
ignorance
,
filthily
wallowing
holdeth
a
perpetuall
slouens
right
,
and
doth
in
very
foolish
arrogancy
vpon
meere
earthly
presumption
,
euerlastingly
blemish
all
other
laudable
perfections
,
which
can
be
quoated
in
the
faire
and
true
carde
of
mans
diuine
nature
and
industrie
.
The
scandall
of
which
dishonest
imputation
,
that
I
might
crush
to
death
in
the
head
,
me
seemeth
it
in
conscience
expedient
,
and
a
chiefe
branch
of
my
duetie
to
confesse
a
trueth
:
how
much
it
exceedeth
the
weake
bounders
of
my
naked
iudgement
,
to
furnish
fit
in
compleat
armes
of
proofe
,
with
all
sutable
habiliments
of
honour
this
right
noble
counsell
of
warre
;
which
though
it
be
last
in
place
,
yet
is
it
first
in
procession
,
and
not
lowest
in
profession
,
considering
that
it
putteth
the
titles
of
all
right
,
and
iust
honour
in
execution
.
It
is
the
noble
corrector
of
all
prodigall
states
,
a
skilfull
bloodletter
against
all
dangerous
obstructions
and
plurasies
of
peace
,
the
most
soueraigne
purgation
of
all
superfluous
and
spreading
humours
or
leprosies
,
which
can
breed
in
any
generall
politicke
body
.
Necessity
which
importuneth
a
fourth
placein
my
booke
doth
vrge
me
to
that
which
my
dishabilities
towards
the
seruice
of
so
serious
a
subiect
shuld
otherwise
inhibit
:
my
practise
in
warres
hath
bene
very
little
,
my
knowledge
in
bookes
and
histories
,
slender
in
such
respects
:
and
(
as
it
is
the
generall
fault
of
youthfull
temeritie
)
when
I
first
entred
the
martiall
lists
,
negligently
did
I
restraine
my selfe
from
those
needfull
obseruations
,
which
should
haue
beene
the
very
scope
proposed
to
my
whole
time
of
seruice
in
armes
,
through
the
vaine
weakenesse
of
my
greene
and
vnstayed
head
:
therefore
I
most
humbly
craue
pardon
for
such
omissions
as
will
be
found
in
this
treatise
frequently
;
recommending
it
vnto
the
best
and
honorable
iudgements
which
cannot
calumniate
;
with
a
generall
exception
and
protestation
against
the
vulgar
in
their
bitternesse
without
discretion
,
from
which
kinde
of
spirits
I
desire
earnestly
that
my
trauels
may
be
concealed
.
The
matter
is
of
it
sel●…e
most
ample
;
and
many
things
may
be
required
,
which
I
know
cannot
be
(
without
some
irkesomenesse
to
the
reader
)
inserted
:
points
of
more
moment
ouershooting
the
scope
of
my
knowledge
I
referre
to
my
masters
in
armes
,
that
haue
by
much
valour
and
long
experience
attained
the
martiall
girland
of
iust
honour
,
and
can
famously
from
the
golden
trumpet
of
farre
sounding
victorie
clang
out
aloud
with
heroicall
cheere
and
alacritie
,
the
true
flourish
and
euerliuing
bruit
of
bloodie
sweats
and
battailes
.
Warre
being
vpon
honorable
grounds
and
with
due
deliberation
vndertaken
,
is
the
constant
and
inestimable
base
of
a
blessed
peace
,
rectifying
,
composing
Moreouer
,
note
it
positiuely
,
that
where
militarie
science
and
exercise
is
frequent
,
there
good
lawes
are
in
most
force
and
honour
:
for
it
maintaineth
and
magnifieth
euery
Commonwealth
and
state
;
without
it
,
none
haue
long
flourished
or
continued
:
and
according
to
Thucydides
,
he
that
will
not
in
tranquilitie
leuie
necessarie
warre
standeth
in
the
very
doore
of
daunger
:
and
this
The
foote
or
end
of
warre
therefore
must
be
precisely
looked
vpon
,
with
the
toppe
and
occasion
.
For
example
,
when
it
is
soundly
warranted
by
the
Lawes
of
nations
;
as
in
lawfull
levying
of
armes
either
in
the
cause
of
God
Out
of
this
brancheth
a
lawfull
kinde
of
inuasion
vpon
forraine
states
,
in
case
of
some
honor
or
right
which
is
vniustly
detained
by
violent
hand
,
after
Du
Mayne
,
great
Chamberlaine
of
France
,
with
the
Duke
of
Parma
and
others
;
that
resisted
him
in
his
hereditarie
dominions
,
vntill
the
Pope
had
restored
him
to
the
crowne
.
There
is
likewise
a
iust
warre
grounded
vpon
charitie
,
which
vndertaketh
The
first
and
highest
place
of
power
and
reputation
in
the
field
,
the
Prince
himselfe
vpon
some
principall
causes
in
his
owne
person
houldeth
;
vnder
whom
all
other
Generals
and
Captaines
are
waged
,
and
beare
office
.
But
forsomuch
as
at
this
day
few
princes
are
seene
militant
in
forraine
countries
,
vnlesse
they
stand
appealed
to
such
battels
forcibly
,
through
some
forcible
iniustice
of
others
,
either
vpon
detinew
of
due
tributes
or
territories
(
the
custome
and
possession
whereof
hath
beene
of
most
ancient
memorie
continued
in
his
antecessors
by
discreet
succession
,
to
the
very
point
of
his
own
raigne
)
and
also
because
fewe
Princes
are
personally
seene
in
battels
of
our
dayes
vpon
their
ownesoyle
,
vnlesse
against
assailants
or
tirannous
vsurpers
;
such
as
were
expected
(
of
which
I
spake
before
)
by
our
soueraigne
Elizabeth
,
and
prouided
against
the
inuasion
of
King
Philip
Anno
1588.
and
for
some
other
particular
reasons
,
I
will
passe
ouer
the
particulars
of
his
highest
place
in
martiall
Campe
,
referring
my selfe
to
his
commission
;
by
vertue
whereof
,
vpon
ordinary
tearmes
of
warre
,
the
Prince
or
Emperor
deputeth
his
Lieutenant
generall
to
supply
the
place
and
office
of
maiestie
;
hauing
sometimes
certaine
priuate
and
princely
directions
not
expressed
,
by
which
in
dearest
trust
to
him
by
his
soueraigne
committed
he
must
shape
his
course
.
In
all
outward
apparance
,
he
must
cape
according
to
the
strict
tenor
of
his
instructions
,
in
commission
vnder
the
Prince
his
great
seale
deliuered
.
The
least
sillable
in
sence
being
expressed
therein
,
he
may
not
without
high
danger
to
himselfe
transgresse
;
vnlesse
the
soueraignes
aduice
and
opinion
be
first
had
and
knowne
,
or
after
vpon
more
firme
reconsideration
deliuered
.
The
princes
deepe
Iudgement
and
discretion
in
electing
of
his
Leiutenant
generall
,
ought
to
be
principally
grounded
vpon
good
aduice
,
and
sure
notice
taken
of
his
sufficiencie
for
such
a
place
.
First
he
should
be
a
man
of
able
,
strong
,
and
actiue
bodie
,
well
knit
,
of
a
durable
complexion
,
neither
too
much
brent
,
nor
drowned
(
as
I
sayd
in
the
secret
councellor
)
hard
and
at
defiance
with
tendernesse
,
delighting
in
paines
and
practise
of
Armes
:
and
in
him
fiue
principall
things
are
required
.
The
first
is
fidelitie
,
rebounding
from
his
dignities
and
noble
education
;
opposite
to
which
standeth
infidelitie
issuing
from
auarice
and
malice
:
for
such
as
are
couetous
and
malicious
be
faithlesse
;
and
therefore
by
the
lawes
imperiall
not
eligible
to
the
place
of
Princes
or
Generals
of
Armies
.
Science
,
Durate
&
vosmet
rebus
seruate
secundis
.
Intimating
to
them
,
that
patience
ingendreth
prosperitie
,
which
(
being
the
Besides
all
these
,
he
must
be
knowne
firme
to
the
Prince
and
quarrel
committed
to
his
decision
:
likewise
he
should
retaine
that
vertue
in
himselfe
to
giue
life
and
courage
to
his
battels
,
by
the
example
of
Valerius
Coruinus
,
captaine
of
the
Romane
forces
,
then
ready
to
ioyne
in
conflict
against
the
Sam●…tes
:
who
wished
them
in
his
oration
to
repose
euery
man
in
his
owne
valor
,
and
to
follow
him
in
feits
of
armes
to
the
vttermost
of
their
foroe
:
or
like
that
heroicall
speech
which
the
noble
Romane
rebell
Catiline
breathed
vpon
his
souldiers
and
companions
(
fainting
in
their
former
resolutions
)
thus
.
None
but
conquerers
will
exchange
war
for
peace
:
it
were
madnes
in
you
to
thinke
that
you
can
saue
your
liues
by
sheathing
those
swords
which
should
defend
you
from
the
violence
of
such
enemies
,
as
pursue
you
with
slaughter
;
they
which
are
in
most
feare
stand
in
deepest
daunger
:
whereas
boldnesse
is
a
brasen
bulwarke
.
But
when
I
ponder
your
former
actions
and
resolutions
(
my
braue
souldiers
)
then
doe
I
make
sure
accompt
of
certaine
victorie
,
which
is
visibly
presented
to
my
spirit
from
your
spirits
,
ages
,
and
honours
proportionably
:
Adde
hereunto
that
present
necessitie
which
coyneth
courage
out
of
cowards
.
And
in
another
place
that
which
infuseth
valour
into
catiue
carcases
.
Ca●…e
ne
inul●…i
animam
amittatis
,
neu
captipotius
sicuti
pecora
trucidemini
;
quàm
virorum
mod●…
pugnantes
,
cruentam
,
at
que
luctuosam
vtctoriam
hostibus
re●…quatis
:
Haue
a
care
that
you
loose
not
your
liues
vnreuenged
,
neither
be
taken
prisoners
like
beastes
destined
to
the
slaughter
;
but
that
fighting
like
valorous
men
you
may
leaue
vnto
your
enemies
such
a
dolorous
and
lamentable
spoyle
and
victorie
,
as
may
be
bought
to
their
cost
.
Such
a
kind
of
adhortation
,
or
vehement
&
impulsiue
persuasion
doth
marueilously
moue
and
spurre
forward
the
spirits
of
forlome
souldiers
vpon
desperate
aduentures
:
or
as
that
noble
saying
of
Marius
;
animating
his
fellowes
in
armes
.
Egomet
in
agmine
,
in
pr●…
consultor
idem
,
&
socius
periculi
vobiscum
adero
;
me
vosque
in
omnibus
rebus
iuxtageram
.
I
my selfe
(
in
the
shock
,
and
in
the
battell
)
will
be
readie
both
to
giue
you
my
best
directions
and
aduise
,
and
to
partake
with
you
fellowlike
in
all
perils
,
and
in
all
prosperous
or
desast●…ous
accidents
,
I
will
personally
share
fortunes
with
you
.
Moreouer
it
well
sitteth
with
the
grace
and
good
fortune
of
a
Generall
(
after
some
good
successe
,
&
victories
attained
by
his
souldiers
which
will
vndoubtedly
giue
great
hartinesse
and
hopes
to
men
in
armes
,
although
their
enemies
much
exceede
them
in
number
)
to
spurre
them
forward
to
noble
battaile
by
good
example
of
that
priest
,
by
whose
persuasion
the
Israelites
were
set
on
fire
with
fortitude
;
and
to
banish
feare
,
faintnesse
,
and
astonishment
:
For
asmuch
as
the
Lord
went
with
them
to
fight
against
their
enemies
,
and
to
protect
them
.
Howbeit
the
prowesse
of
a
Generall
,
may
not
Scipio
Africanus
was
a
man
that
onely
protested
against
the
desire
of
money
,
and
treasure
,
when
(
after
his
conquest
of
all
Afrike
which
he
made
tributarie
to
the
Romanes
)
he
could
not
shew
any
spoiles
or
booties
of
that
warre
vpon
his
returne
,
but
onely
the
bare
title
of
Africanus
,
which
enlarged
and
famoused
his
name
.
Good
generals
and
captaines
therefore
should
imitate
such
honour
,
as
those
two
noble
brethren
Publius
,
and
Lucius
Scipio
,
which
were
called
the
two
thunderboults
of
warre
:
for
they
protested
that
neither
the
treasures
of
Carthage
nor
of
all
Asia
could
make
them
auaricions
;
but
that
the
riches
(
of
which
they
were
possessed
,
and
had
got
from
others
)
did
wholie
consist
vpon
emulation
,
and
enuy
;
not
vpon
money
.
A
worthie
precedent
amongst
many
more
remaineth
liuing
in
the
legend
of
Phocion
,
that
noble
generall
of
Athens
surnamed
Bonus
Pauper
,
honorably
recorded
in
Plutarches
histories
:
whose
condition
was
to
contemne
riches
so
farre
,
that
when
certaine
Embassadors
from
Philip
King
of
Macedonia
did
present
vnto
him
huge
heapes
of
treasure
,
and
kingly
giftes
,
hee
did
peremptorily
refuse
them
:
the
reguard
of
his
owne
desert
,
nor
the
benefit
of
his
children
(
both
which
they
did
acknowledge
vnto
him
)
would
not
enduce
Phocion
to
receaue
them
:
but
out
of
his
singular
magnificence
and
magnanimitie
(
dismissing
the
legates
loaden
as
the
came
)
answered
them
on
this
fashion
.
If
my
sonnes
follow
their
fathers
example
,
this
little
land
in
my
possession
(
which
maintained
me
in
martiall
seruice
vntill
I
was
promoted
to
this
dignitie
)
may
competently
serue
them
:
But
if
they
degenerate
,
I
doe
not
purpose
with
my
gaines
or
gettings
to
maintaine
their
riot
.
Many
such
obseruations
remaine
to
captaines
in
the
memorials
of
Cirus
,
Alexander
,
&
of
other
princes
and
commanders
.
In
like
sort
Marcus
Curius
after
his
triumphs
ouer
Pyrrhus
had
presented
vnto
him
(
sitting
then
to
the
fire
)
a
great
masse
of
gold
,
sent
from
the
Samnites
:
but
his
answere
was
,
Marius
likewise
gaue
all
his
spoyles
gotten
at
Vtica
amongst
his
souldiers
:
for
that
noble
captaine
was
of
opinion
,
that
abundance
of
riches
would
effeminate
the
minds
of
gallant
souldiers
;
whereupon
his
saying
was
as
Salust
citeth
it
.
Exparente
meo
&
ex
alijs
sanctis
viris
accepi
,
munditias
mulieribus
,
viris
laborem
conuenire
:
omnibusque
bonis
opportere
plus
gloriae
,
quam
diuitiarum
esse
;
arma
non
supellectilem
decori
esse
.
I
haue
learned
this
lesson
of
my
father
,
and
of
other
holy
men
;
that
curious
and
neate
fashions
are
fit
for
women
,
and
that
labour
and
hardenesse
becommeth
men
:
moreouer
that
all
good
men
should
take
more
delight
in
glorie
then
in
riches
;
that
armour
and
not
houshold
furniture
most
decoreth
and
graceth
a
man
.
Likewise
a
generall
must
be
constant
in
all
well
resolued
actions
,
and
at
hostile
defiance
against
all
feare
of
man
;
skilfull
in
all
actiue
practise
of
armes
,
hauing
wonne
his
place
by
desert
of
honour
in
the
field
;
a
man
fortunate
vpon
attempts
,
and
assaults
,
one
that
will
stand
like
a
stedfast
trophie
in
the
bodie
and
heart
of
his
battell
,
Lyon-like
demeaning
himselfe
in
eager
fight
with
incomparable
valiancie
;
leading
,
trayning
,
instructing
,
disciplyning
,
and
incouraging
his
battailes
,
with
a
more
then
humane
spirit
and
prudence
,
pricking
their
hearts
forward
to
the
field
of
victorie
,
with
the
golden
spurre
of
his
vertues
.
The
states
and
liues
of
princes
and
of
their
people
may
not
be
commited
to
men
exalted
by
birth
or
other
desert
and
fauour
in
those
degrees
onely
:
but
vnto
men
approued
in
these
&
such
like
heroical
conditions
.
The
knowledge
(
which
he
must
of
necessitie
with
all
carefull
diligence
&
affection
embrace
)
is
attayned
in
iudicious
hearing
,
and
obseruing
of
actions
,
from
the
true
relation
of
accomplished
souldiers
in
their
attempts
,
escairmo●…ches
,
defences
,
charges
,
formes
of
battels
,
assaults
,
countermynings
,
sodaine
,
close
,
and
vnexpected
camisadoes
,
in
their
secret
treaties
,
priuie
confedera●…ies
,
articles
of
truice
or
surrender
;
and
such
ingenuous
and
noble
choise
of
hidden
stratagems
,
as
haue
best
suited
with
the
time
,
the
place
,
and
persons
in
opposition
.
For
(
vpon
such
his
curious
obseruation
)
to
declare
the
singular
quicknesse
or
ingenuous
sagacitie
and
perspicuitie
of
his
wit
and
iudgement
;
he
shall
be
stirred
vp
(
in
hope
of
endlesse
honor
)
to
deuise
snares
,
sleights
,
and
labyrinths
to
blinde
and
intangle
his
enemies
after
some
other
new
forme
vnheard
or
thought
of
:
which
(
by
how
much
the
more
strange
it
is
)
maketh
the
securitie
for
the
accomplishment
thereof
so
much
the
readier
when
time
for
execution
shall
serue
:
herein
his
indefatigable
industrie
,
his
bodies
abilitie
,
his
mindes
alacritie
,
shall
best
to
life
appeare
.
Reading
of
hystories
(
which
I
before
commended
in
a
secret
counsellor
)
will
furnish
and
illuminate
his
knowledge
and
vnderstanding
specially
:
for
certaine
it
is
,
that
it
best
behooueth
Generals
to
attaine
knowledge
by
reading
before
they
begin
to
practise
:
because
such
are
otherwis●…
preposterous
that
practise
before
they
know
how
to
doe
.
For
after
some
excercise
and
insight
into
the
warres
,
his
owne
experience
will
bee
the
best
guide
vnto
himselfe
if
he
be
wise
,
obseruing
,
and
industrous
,
as
well
for
the
order
,
and
instruction
of
his
battailes
,
and
armies
;
as
in
the
care
,
and
intricate
cunning
,
of
premeditating
and
deciphering
his
enemies
plots
,
purposes
,
and
attempts
,
b●…fore
they
can
happen
;
how
to
auoid
and
frustrate
their
deuices
in
execution
of
them
;
what
wayes
and
meanes
remaine
to
turne
their
actions
,
once
commenced
vpon
their
owne
heades
;
and
lastly
,
how
to
whistle
them
forward
with
a
faire
and
negligent
semblance
bearing
a
perfect
colour
to
their
aduantage
,
vntill
such
time
as
being
once
entred
their
estates
be
distressed
,
miserable
and
remediiesse
.
All
which
(
with
infinite
of
that
nature
,
to
a
wit
which
is
wise
and
honourable
,
still
working
and
alwayes
exercised
in
glorious
cogitations
)
will
diuinely
spring
by
studious
knowledge
of
Histories
.
To
this
adioyne
the
●…eady
meanes
and
reasons
of
hastening
,
and
lingring
warre
,
the
causes
exciting
in
him
present
hope
,
or
feare
of
happie
chaunce
,
or
calamitie
Which
should
not
moue
or
discourage
him
(
as
I
spoke
before
in
the
ciuill
counsellor
)
for
it
is
vulgar
that
no
wise
man
can
be
dismaied
,
or
ouer-houen
there
with
:
euen
(
in
time
of
peace
)
he
must
giue
sure
apparance
of
his
exterior
fortitude
and
assiduitie
,
by
carefull
exercising
,
&
incouraging
of
the
people
and
veteranes
ordained
for
seruice
in
their
marches
,
counter-marches
;
diuers
fashions
and
ready
formes
of
drawing
themselues
into
squares
,
or
cubes
,
cylinders
,
or
lozanges
,
triquits
,
and
pyramids
vpon
a
sudden
,
as
they
shall
be
commanded
or
directed
to
serue
,
with
most
aduantage
against
the
enemies
:
alwayes
yeelding
a
renouned
example
of
his
labour
and
painfulnesse
in
businesse
,
of
valor
and
fortitude
in
danger
,
of
diligence
and
vehemencie
in
actions
,
and
of
expedition
in
execution
,
after
perfect
maturitie
in
deliberation
.
The
interior
goodnesse
and
bountie
(
which
accompanieth
him
)
is
decently
garnished
with
temperance
,
innocencie
,
faithfulnesse
,
gentlenesse
,
humanitie
,
prudence
,
and
foresight
;
requiring
a
vertuous
circumspection
and
doubt
,
as
in
not
committing
any
thing
to
the
wheele
of
fortune
,
but
vpon
ineuitable
necessitie
,
least
his
actions
be
racked
vpon
it
,
as
hath
beene
found
in
diuers
captaines
,
which
by
the
like
temeritie
fell
downe
,
when
they
with
all
their
forces
leaned
vpon
her
wheele
.
For
they
that
in
rage
and
crueltie
charge
their
enemies
(
whom
they
rather
contemne
then
take
heed
of
)
are
not
well
aduised
,
because
faults
in
fight
are
not
easily
redressed
:
as
Lamachus
(
who
gouerning
an
Armie
)
replyed
;
that
warre
might
not
permit
one
fault
twise
.
Temeritie
therefore
in
martiall
actions
,
is
both
foolish
and
vnfortunate
:
howbeit
,
the
General
should
alwayes
bestow
himselfe
in
some
needfull
businesse
being
wholy
gouerned
in
all
his
impreses
by
reason
,
without
any
respect
of
fortune
.
For
it
is
not
in
strength
and
audaciousnesse
onely
,
whence
victorie
must
be
deriued
,
but
in
true
courage
and
nobilitie
:
considering
that
Omnis
And
those
Gyants
whom
the
Lord
hath
not
chosen
perished
,
because
they
wanted
wisdome
.
Wherevpon
Trogus
Pompeius
saith
,
Alexander
victoriam
obtinuit
qui
consilio
gubernauit
exercitum
:
Vim
temperatam
dij
quoque
provehunt
.
And
hence
is
it
likewise
,
that
the
noble
and
true-sighted
Poet
Homer
,
in
the
he
could
with
ease
haue
sacked
Troy
,
hauing
but
ten
such
as
Nestor
,
whose
wisedome
was
the
discipline
of
his
warre
:
Considering
how
by
sapience
and
prudent
fore-sight
,
wise
captaines
may
with
a
few
handfuls
tryumph
ouer
many
legions
,
&
worke
out
their
honors
in
despight
of
fortunes
malignitie
:
which
accordeth
well
with
those
common
Prouerbes
:
Sapiens
sibi
fortunam
fingit
&
dominabitur
astris
:
A
wise
man
will
shape
out
his
owne
fortune
,
as
he
would
haue
it
,
and
will
antiuert
the
fatall
influence
of
his
starres
.
Authoritie
befitteth
also
,
which
includeth
the
true
loue
and
reuerence
of
souldiers
vnto
their
leaders
:
this
is
none
of
the
small
respects
towards
his
administration
of
warre
.
Adde
vnto
these
seueritie
which
doth
purchase
this
benefit
in
a
Commander
,
when
no
man
in
Campe
nor
Garison
offending
,
can
expect
more
fauour
then
is
limited
by
the
Lawes
of
Armes
.
For
soldiers
(
albeit
they
delight
in
lenitie
)
contemne
milde
captaines
such
as
Scipio
was
,
whom
Fabius
therefore
accused
to
the
Senate
,
as
a
corruptor
of
the
Romane
militarie
discipline
.
Austeritie
therefore
procureth
obedience
towards
Generals
(
although
their
seueritie
be
disliked
)
which
being
well
attempered
with
courteous
behauiour
,
winneth
grace
and
loue
.
This
by
the
Leiutenant
generall
his
bodily
paines
and
exercise
amongst
his
souldiers
is
soonest
attained
,
by
his
apparell
and
other
corporall
ornaments
,
little
differing
in
forme
and
substance
from
some
of
theirs
,
by
his
charitie
,
which
together
with
punishment
for
their
faults
,
is
planted
in
a
mercifull
care
and
consideration
how
to
relieue
the
poore
distressed
and
wounded
souldier
,
with
clothes
,
food
,
and
chirurgerie
.
In
all
which
actions
meddled
(
as
I
said
)
with
a
competent
seueritie
the
Generall
winneth
of
his
souldiers
a
fatherly
reuerence
,
and
filiall
feare
with
all
conformable
obedience
.
Such
a
worthy
precedent
to
Generals
was
giuen
in
the
person
of
Anniball
(
which
Liuie
recordeth
)
when
his
souldiers
in
pursuit
of
the
Numidians
,
had
passed
the
great
riuer
Trebia
,
and
being
come
to
land
their
ioynts
and
members
were
so
starke
(
what
with
the
could
There
is
a
needfull
kinde
of
discipline
required
in
generals
and
chieftaines
,
which
punisheth
priuate
wrongs
in
their
souldiers
mutually
done
amongst
themselues
:
for
otherwise
they
would
fall
to
quarrels
,
disgraces
,
factions
,
and
mutinies
.
Insomuch
as
if
they
be
well
disciplined
(
what
with
experience
,
and
partly
by
good
example
grounded
therevpon
,
namely
when
the
Lawes
of
Armes
are
seuerely
distributed
,
and
executed
vpon
such
with
death
,
with
corporall
punishment
,
or
pecuniarie
mulct
,
according
to
the
qualities
of
their
faults
which
either
shall
shewe
disobedience
towards
those
Officers
vnder
whose
charge
they
serue
,
or
shal
fight
in
Campe
or
within
the
precincts
thereof
,
leauing
their
colours
without
licence
had
before
of
the
Generall
or
Marischall
,
onely
to
satisfie
some
priuate
reuenge
intended
vpon
malice
or
rancor
)
then
will
they
grow
ciuill
and
carefull
how
to
preserue
the
common
peace
of
their
Campe
amongst
themselues
.
Infinite
of
these
examples
in
my
knowledge
&
such
as
are
vulgarly
knowen
to
souldiers
,
I
pretermit
in
this
point
;
only
this
is
a
certaine
trueth
,
that
if
a
priuate
souldier
or
other
person
not
priuate
being
grieuously
disgraced
or
iniured
at
his
fellowes
hands
,
cannot
vpon
complaint
made
vnto
the
magistrate
&
commander
find
redresse
,
it
is
full
of
perill
to
them
that
should
order
the
same
.
For
men
in
grieuous
wronges
are
naturally
couetous
and
eager
of
vengeance
,
which
some
stubborne
and
implacable
hearts
will
prosecute
with
all
violence
to
the
preiudice
&
confusion
of
their
contrey
,
rather
then
faile
:
for
wrath
hath
no
power
to
retaine
either
reason
or
mediocritie
,
when
it
is
once
vnquenchably
kindled
with
the
wild
fire
of
vengeance
;
but
outrageously
tyrannizeth
in
extreames
,
negligently
,
but
more
fiercely
rather
rushing
and
encountring
with
the
ruine
of
it selfe
,
&
the
confusion
of
all
things
next
it
,
which
it
eagerly
deuoureth
:
and
they
that
are
of
that
fierie
me●…tall
,
take
glory
like
Diogenes
,
to
beate
the
schoolemaster
for
a
fault
in
the
scholler
,
as
Pausanias
did
,
who
being
a
very
beautifull
youth
in
the
court
of
Philip
K.
of
Macedon
great
Alexanders
father
did
suffer
,
or
was
forced
with
violence
of
Attalus
one
of
the
king
his
minions
for
the
b●…astly
staunching
of
his
vnnaturall
lust
:
of
which
filthinesse
hauing
made
hanious
complaint
vnto
the
king
(
who
did
not
onely
neglect
the
punishment
▪
but
did
afterwards
aduance
that
preposterous
villaine
to
the
place
of
a
presedent
ouer
some
prouince
)
Pausanias
gathering
with
indignation
daily
more
and
more
poyson
of
strong
despight
vpon
such
apparant
iniustice
,
at
the
mariage
of
King
Philips
daughter
with
the
prince
of
Epirus
,
before
the
bridegrome
and
his
sonne
Alexander
amongst
a
thousand
armed
persons
of
the
guard
he
desperately
murthered
him
.
Souldiers
therefore
as
I
said
before
,
will
through
the
captaines
industrie
become
seruiceable
and
valiant
.
Such
therefore
as
propose
honor
for
the
meed
of
their
trauels
are
cold
,
resolute
,
of
a
quiet
and
vnbroken
spirit
,
knitting
vp
all
their
vertues
in
that
action
to
which
the
whole
force
of
mind
&
bodie
must
be
bent
:
not
fighting
to
winne
the
girland
for
others
,
but
principally
proposing
the
wagers
honour
for
themselues
:
&
hence
happeneth
that
mercenaries
cannot
combat
with
that
true
courage
and
martiall-alacritie
which
natiue
contrimen
will
:
for
they
fight
only
for
a
little
wages
;
and
such
venture
of
life
,
and
hazard
of
themselues
will
not
serue
in
time
of
neede
,
vnlesse
it
be
very
wonderfully
seconded
with
frequent
,
and
those
gallant
succours
,
knowing
how
many
noble
princes
haue
miscarried
in
reposing
vpon
such
hollow
valours
.
Moreouer
natiue
souldiers
both
by
the
causes
necessity
,
and
in
hope
of
a
glorious
conquest
wherin
the
largest
portion
of
iust
reputation
happeneth
to
themselues
,
wil
put
to
their
most
excellent
and
best
approued
force
;
to
such
men
feare
and
difficulties
are
contemptible
:
the
cause
of
this
their
excellent
valor
proceedeth
from
the
goodnesse
of
a
true
parent
in
person
of
their
prince
,
who
will
share
his
honors
&
commodities
with
them
,
and
from
the
noble
worthinesse
of
their
commaunders
and
leaders
being
natiue
contrimen
and
engraffed
to
their
societies
.
Tullus
Hostilius
successor
of
Numa
,
notwithstanding
the
fourtie
yeeres
intermission
from
warre
did
onely
choose
his
souldiers
out
of
his
owne
cities
reiecting
all
auxilia●…ies
of
the
Samnites
and
Tuscanes
which
had
beene
well
disciplined
,
trayning
his
owne
people
;
and
through
them
attained
conquest
.
Likewise
king
Henrie
of
Monmouth
the
fift
of
that
name
,
from
the
conquerour
king
William
the
first
,
for
his
right
in
the
Crowne
of
France
,
vsed
his
owne
English
souldiers
,
and
returning
loaden
with
triumphes
and
victories
obteined
by
them
,
that
during
all
the
dayes
of
his
father
,
and
for
thirtie
yeeres
space
before
had
not
worne
any
warlike
furniture
:
whereas
in
contrary
,
the
French
had
bene
exercised
in
continuall
warre
against
the
Italians
,
and
assisted
or
oppressed
rather
with
those
hirelings
of
Swizzerland
.
The
best
forme
of
fighting
in
warre
was
in
making
of
great
battailes
,
being
composed
of
the
most
approued
men
in
field
for
valour
,
placed
in
the
maine
battaile
or
middle
bodie
of
the
hoast
:
for
men
which
being
vnited
fight
together
in
multitudes
,
be
much
more
valiant
by
nature
then
in
small
companies
or
handfuls
.
Also
the
speciall
thing
which
hangeth
vpon
the
discipline
and
honour
of
the
Generall
,
is
that
the
souldiers
be
duely
paid
their
wages
,
and
relieued
with
victuals
,
which
winneth
in
them
a
dutifull
kind
of
reuerence
and
awfull
respect
of
their
gouernours
.
This
loue
in
them
exceedeth
the
force
of
gold
,
and
the
power
of
all
opportunities
and
occasions
,
which
can
happen
by
times
or
places
.
For
that
which
maintaineth
wars
commonly
proceedeth
from
contribution
of
the
people
towards
the
common
defence
against
forren
violence
;
and
this
lasteth
no
longer
then
they
can
be
defended
.
Likewise
all
places
naturally
munited
and
fortified
are
nothing
without
the
willing
aide
of
men
valiant
to
defend
them
by
force
:
considering
that
treasure
is
wonne
by
the
sword
,
and
not
the
swords
vertue
by
treasure
.
These
foure
points
in
the
Generall
,
therefore
make
excellent
souldiers
,
and
confirme
Empire
:
Industrious
and
due
discipline
,
strong
armes
and
sufficient
for
the
fight
,
iust
paiment
of
wages
,
and
a
competent
prouision
of
victuals
;
adde
hereunto
the
fift
(
which
is
the
roote
,
mother
,
and
perfection
of
all
noble
seruice
and
conquest
)
being
the
firme
loue
&
hearty
reuerence
of
the
souldiers
.
These
points
which
haue
beene
formerly
noted
by
the
politicke
Florentine
Secretarie
to
Petro
de
Medici
to
conserue
and
augment
,
th'
empire
which
he
would
haue
had
him
haue
sought
for
,
consist
in
manning
of
the
strong
cities
with
souldiers
,
borne
in
the
same
prouinces
,
in
conciliating
the
friendship
and
societies
of
neighbours
,
in
planting
colonies
for
defence
vpon
the
skirts
of
their
newly
subdued
prouinces
,
in
the
spoiles
of
enemies
,
in
forraging
and
hauocking
vpon
their
haruest
and
husbandrie
,
in
choosing
rather
to
draw
them
together
for
battell
in
Campe
,
then
to
besiege
them
within
their
cities
,
in
studious
respect
of
the
common
cause
and
profit
onely
,
in
th'
instructing
and
disciplining
of
souldiers
,
in
the
knowledge
and
vse
of
armes
;
which
eight
points
,
if
the
prince
or
lieuetenant
neglect
,
hee
may
percase
deuise
notwithstanding
other
meanes
for
the
conseruation
of
his
owne
,
but
neuer
for
the
amplification
of
Empire
;
which
augmentation
if
it
should
happen
by
lawfull
meanes
,
as
by
the
meere
prouidence
,
suggestion
,
and
disposition
of
God
doth
not
impugne
Christian
religion
,
but
is
most
noble
and
loueable
.
For
some
princes
might
vnder
counterfeit
pretext
force
men
to
defend
their
owne
,
pretending
a
right
in
some
things
not
belonging
vnto
them
:
The
mainten●…nce
whereof
may
giue
occasion
vnto
them
,
which
execute
Gods
punishments
vpon
ambitious
vsurpers
,
by
diuine
in●…igation
to
diuest
them
of
all
:
forsomuch
as
they
will
not
leaue
any
thing
which
their
vnsatiate
auarice
hath
appetite
to
deuoure
;
for
euery
man
is
permitted
to
loue
honour
,
and
prote●…
his
countrie
:
and
the
reason
why
so
fewe
free
people
and
States
are
in
comparison
of
former
times
,
and
such
a
defect
of
uue
louers
and
of
valiant
champions
of
liberties
in
comparison
of
former
ages
(
as
a
wily
Commonwealths
man
hath
noted
)
is
,
that
people
in
hope
of
beatitude
,
and
towards
the
fruition
of
a
second
comfortable
life
,
deuise
in
these
dayes
how
to
tollerate
and
not
to
reuenge
iniuries
:
as
if
that
no
saluation
could
come
from
aboue
,
but
by
keeping
of
their
swordes
and
armes
rustely
sheathed
and
cased
,
when
a
vehement
necessitie
doth
importune
the
contrarie
;
whilst
they
sottishly
nuzzling
themselues
in
sluggish
securitie
,
vtterly
condemne
the
lawfull
meanes
and
courses
of
warre
,
restoring
that
needfully
by
force
of
swords
;
which
no
law
nor
charmes
of
perswasiue
words
can
accomplish
.
There
yet
appendeth
this
discipline
of
souldiers
,
one
principall
respect
of
the
captaines
,
that
neither
they
crush
nor
excoriate
the
poore
husband-man
,
which
I
partly
touched
in
the
Morals
of
my
second
Booke
:
for
if
it
may
be
said
vnto
fraudulent
merchants
(
whose
consciences
are
blasted
with
a
couetous
lethargie
)
Whether
O
yee
fooles
shall
your
soules
trauell
?
What
then
may
be
spoken
of
such
soldiers
,
that
neither
being
contented
with
their
stipend
,
or
wages
,
nor
with
meat
&
drinke
when
they
be
faint
with
marching
long
iourneies
vnder
the
languishing
weight
of
their
armour
,
which
by
poore
husband-men
is
dayly
ministred
vnto
them
,
in
a
kinde
of
fearefull
charitie
?
For
these
like
the
bastards
and
counterfeits
of
honour
,
rauenously
spoyle
and
take
away
the
goods
of
those
which
entertaine
them
;
shewing
all
cruell
ingratitude
towards
them
as
vnto
slaues
in
meede
of
their
hospitalitie
with
grieuous
stripes
,
terrible
menaces
,
and
torturing
those
poore
labouring
catiues
vpon
the
strappado
of
their
vnsatiable
couetousnesse
euen
to
the
last
tester
,
which
these
siely
creatures
do
pittifully
lay
downe
at
their
feet
to
be
rid
of
that
fearefull
tempest
,
which
those
vnthankfull
&
barbarous
guests
raise
in
their
cottages
.
For
the
preseruation
of
the
weale
,
and
securitie
of
Armies
from
feare
and
dangers
of
enemies
,
all
deuises
ought
to
be
followed
;
as
in
the
faithfull
promises
of
the
aduersaries
,
of
confederates
,
of
friends
,
and
of
their
assured
succours
;
but
the
speciall
assurance
is
grounded
in
the
generals
person
,
who
may
by
prudent
direction
so
fashion
out
his
estate
,
that
he
preuent
his
enemies
of
all
wayes
and
meanes
tending
to
his
preiudice
:
whose
principall
happinesse
is
to
force
them
into
such
a
difficult
strait
,
as
without
his
clemencie
no
reliefe
may
seeme
to
remaine
vnto
them
.
Hee
should
also
concerning
auxiliaries
and
power
of
conf●…derates
,
repose
surest
trust
in
succours
of
them
,
that
reciprocally
stand
in
most
need
of
his
helpe
,
or
of
him
that
either
in
respect
of
priuate
profite
or
detriment
is
interessed
in
depth
of
the
cause
,
not
building
in
any
case
vppon
those
whom
hee
hath
benefitted
,
least
hee
remedilesly
exclaime
against
ingratitude
,
by
the
example
of
Demetrius
Poliorcetes
,
who
hauing
been
a
great
friend
and
faithfull
anchor
of
the
Athenians
,
yet
(
being
vnfortunately
vanquished
by
his
enemies
)
Athens
that
vngratefull
citie
,
would
neither
receiue
nor
protect
him
,
comming
thither
for
refuge
,
where
he
was
the
shield-herne
before
:
whereat
Demetrius
was
more
vexed
then
for
the
losse
of
his
whole
estate
.
And
likewise
Pompey
being
vanquished
by
Caesar
,
fled
to
Ptolemie
king
of
Egypt
,
whom
he
some
yeeres
before
had
restored
,
and
planted
in
his
kingdome
:
but
for
such
his
goodnesse
towardes
him
,
Ptolemie
tooke
away
his
life
.
Which
if
ingratitude
may
doe
,
Princes
,
and
Generals
should
not
thinke
but
that
in
truces
,
leagues
,
confederacies
,
and
pactions
(
which
are
but
temporary
,
conuentions
,
or
accords
,
without
any
sufficient
hostages
,
sureties
,
cautions
,
or
pledges
deliuered
)
if
daunger
and
losse
of
the
whole
armie
depend
thereupon
,
little
hope
will
remaine
of
keeping
league
or
friendship
with
most
Princes
,
or
opposite
Commanders
in
warre
.
But
if
it
were
admitted
that
any
Prince
should
partake
with
the
forces
of
some
more
puisant
than
himselfe
,
as
his
friend
assistant
,
let
him
assuredly
perswade
himselfe
that
it
is
either
because
he
findeth
by
reasons
good
,
and
more
then
probable
,
that
his
helpe
can
restore
him
:
or
else
because
he
likewise
hateth
those
parties
against
which
he
ioyneth
in
armes
,
so
much
as
cannot
be
with
any
meanes
pacefied
.
And
hence
it
is
that
vpon
due
deliberation
(
after
the
example
of
the
Romanes
)
first
had
the
Generall
with
huge
force
and
in
short
tim●…
,
should
doe
his
designe
.
For
they
comming
with
multitudes
of
men
to
the
field
,
presently
decided
the
cause
with
their
swords
.
To
the
conquered
they
granted
conditions
of
peace
,
and
lawes
,
or
deducted
colonies
of
souldiers
for
tuition
of
their
purchase
,
so
that
in
short
time
they
finished
their
warres
,
and
without
any
great
expence
of
treasure
:
For
the
Romanes
would
not
trifle
,
or
waste
away
the
time
of
their
businesse
,
in
idle
or
vnnecessarie
parliance
;
and
yet
so
truely
noble
,
that
they
more
respecting
the
name
of
conquest
,
then
the
couetous
nature
of
conditions
offered
,
would
immediately
when
the
field
was
wonne
,
out
of
their
natiue
heroycall
customes
and
inclinations
graunt
vnto
the
vanquished
all
fauourable
libertie
,
decla●…ing
more
then
matchable
magnificence
in
that
;
according
to
that
saying
in
Salust
against
Catiline
,
Vict
is
nihil
praeter
iniuriae
licentiam
eripiebant
Romani
:
The
Romanes
tooke
nothing
from
them
whom
they
subdued
,
but
a
licence
or
power
to
doe
them
harme
.
If
any
spoyles
were
gotten
,
them
they
brought
into
the
publike
treasurie
for
maintaining
of
the
souldiers
,
and
casing
of
the
peoples
tributes
;
so
that
the
Romanes
were
inriched
and
bettered
by
their
warres
.
Neither
was
it
permitted
that
any
Consull
(
albeit
he
had
in
sundry
noble
battels
and
victories
amplyfied
the
Empire
)
should
passe
in
pompe
and
triumph
thorough
the
Citie
,
vnlesse
he
brought
with
him
into
the
common
treasurie
infinite
spoyles
of
gold
and
siluer
also
.
How
souldiors
ought
to
be
resolued
in
battell
,
and
to
demeane
themselues
by
direction
of
their
captaines
,
is
spoken
of
sufficiently
before
:
onely
this
must
be
narrowly
respected
,
which
is
most
forcible
to
the
stirring
vp
,
or
cooling
of
their
maruall
courages
in
fight
,
or
vpon
the
point
of
charge
:
that
sodaine
speeches
and
reports
bee
dispersed
,
with
warinesse
and
ready
circumspection
through
the
battels
,
as
Quinctius
the
Consull
vsed
in
his
battels
against
the
Volscians
.
For
he
finding
his
souldiers
incline
in
the
vaward
,
cryed
vnto
them
amayne
;
Why
turne
you
faces
in
the
front
(
my
good
souldiers
)
considering
that
they
which
fight
in
the
reare
haue
got
the
victorie
.
Remember
my
good
fellowes
your
honour
which
is
layd
vp
(
as
you
know
)
in
the
bosomes
of
your
enemies
,
from
whence
you
must
eagerly
winne
it
with
your
weapons
.
This
sodaine
speech
of
his
did
adde
such
courage
to
them
,
that
with
a
valiant
resolution
vniting
and
knitting
vp
all
their
forces
together
,
they
became
Lords
of
the
field
.
In
the
Citie
Perugia
there
was
a
faction
,
betwixt
the
families
of
the
Oddi
In
such
sort
Iugurth
seeing
the
state
of
his
battels
desperate
,
vpon
the
comming
in
of
Bocchus
,
strooke
terror
into
the
hearts
of
his
enemies
,
by
speaking
in
the
Latin
tongue
(
which
Language
he
had
learned
at
Numantia
)
that
the
field
was
his
,
that
to
resist
his
forces
was
in
vaine
,
that
a
little
before
he
had
slaine
Marius
with
his
owne
hands
,
and
therewithall
pretending
that
it
was
brought
from
the
slaughter
of
Marius
,
shewed
his
sword
yet
smoking
and
dyed
Likewise
if
the
souldiers
be
discouraged
in
fight
,
either
by
some
negligence
or
other
occasion
loose
the
field
:
it
is
great
wisdome
in
the
General
religiously
to
let
them
know
that
their
neglect
,
or
contempt
of
Gods
feare
and
seruice
hath
driuen
them
into
the
feare
and
seruitude
of
men
,
and
also
prophetically
with
a
vehement
maiestie
to
threaten
vnto
them
the
iudgements
of
God
in
their
slackenesse
,
encouraging
such
in
their
eager
sharpenesse
&
iolly
resolutionseither
by
some
valorous
example
in
himselfe
,
as
that
victorious
Emperour
Iulius
Caesar
did
in
his
warres
against
the
Galles
,
when
he
from
a
faint
thearted
souldier
that
doubted
of
victorie
,
did
snatch
a
shield
,
where
withall
couering
himselfe
,
he
did
most
eagerly
fight
,
infusing
a
liuely
fortitude
and
stedfast
resolution
to
his
desparing
souldiers
,
by
that
notable
example
in
himselfe
,
which
drew
them
into
the
field
of
victorie
:
or
by
some
other
diuine
meanes
and
promises
when
they
shall
find
it
most
fit
;
as
the
Romanes
which
at
the
long
siege
of
Veij
growing
wearie
,
and
coueting
to
returne
vnto
their
houshold-gods
at
Rome
,
their
captaines
wished
them
to
persist
in
honorable
valor
vnder
a
religious
pretext
;
signifying
that
the
lake
Albanus
ouerflowing
,
pretended
the
subuersion
of
that
citie
the
same
yeere
,
according
to
th'
oracle
.
The
Prophet
(
by
whose
prediction
it
happened
)
for
to
confirme
the
souldiers
more
in
those
his
presages
was
left
captiue
at
Rome
,
vntill
th'
oracle
was
accomplished
.
And
hence
was
it
that
the
souldiers
recouering
more
spirits
in
heart
did
continue
their
assiege
,
and
within
that
yeeres
limite
possessed
the
towne
.
The
like
was
seene
in
Beleses
a
Babilonian
,
skilfull
of
the
Caldean
auguries
and
diuination
,
who
by
the
starres
presaged
a
subuersion
of
the
Assyrian
monarchie
▪
encouraging
Arbaces
and
his
souldiers
(
after
that
Sardanapalus
had
thrise
vanquished
him
in
battailes
before
)
to
persist
and
continue
force
against
him
with
fresh
supplies
:
which
he
did
,
happening
according
to
the
soothsayers
prediction
;
but
more
as
me
seemeth
through
pusillanimitie
which
deiected
the
prince
being
then
fortified
within
Niniue
,
who
feared
an
old
oracle
,
which
hee
thought
was
fulfilled
in
falling
of
some
part
of
the
cities
wall
.
And
certaine
it
is
that
the
force
of
religion
will
vehemently
moue
souldiers
to
continue
valiant
in
assurance
of
victorie
,
by
diuers
examples
out
of
Liuie
,
when
their
estates
were
most
desperate
and
remedilesse
;
yeelding
a
diuine
force
and
light
vnto
their
actions
,
if
the
captaines
can
by
stratagemmes
to
themselues
onely
knowen
,
harden
their
resolutions
to
performe
what
they
shall
deuise
,
not
making
them
acquainted
with
any
thing
sauing
execution
.
It
is
likewise
a
principall
part
of
the
Generals
duetie
,
that
(
before
the
battell
,
and
euery
morning
,
when
they
be
brought
by
troupes
into
the
plaine
,
to
be
reduced
into
rankes
or
Battagliaes
,
likewise
at
euening
after
their
marches
before
their
comming
into
the
quarter
;
moreouer
during
the
fight
,
and
after
the
slaughter
)
his
speciall
care
tend
,
that
diuers
Chaplaines
,
Priests
and
Preachers
make
deuoute
prayers
,
intercessions
,
and
spirituall
exhortations
through
his
whole
hoast
,
which
hath
alwayes
beene
most
auaileable
.
For
from
heauen
commeth
fortitude
and
as
it
is
written
in
the
Machabees
:
Ionathan
rent
his
rayment
,
and
hauing
be
smeared
his
head
and
face
with
earth
,
fell
to
prayer
,
and
then
returned
vnto
the
battels
of
his
armies
,
and
put
his
foes
to
flight
.
And
as
it
is
written
likewise
in
Exodus
:
When
Moyses
lifted
vp
his
hands
and
prayed
,
Israel
had
the
better
ouer
his
enemies
.
And
they
(
which
after
such
sacred
preparations
and
resolutions
by
fighting
in
a
good
and
honourable
cause
loose
their
liues
)
be
said
properly
to
die
in
the
bed
of
honour
.
A
memorable
example
of
such
pietie
with
happie
successe
ensuing
it
,
may
be
taken
from
the
sacred
legend
of
Iudas
Macchabeus
,
which
all
the
nations
of
the
world
from
those
to
these
dayes
,
euen
to
the
dissolution
of
this
vniuersall
nature
natured
,
shall
most
honorably
recommend
and
remember
.
For
the
beleaguriag
,
surprizing
,
taking
in
,
and
fortifying
of
townes
,
bulwarkes
,
castles
,
fortresses
,
sconces
,
and
other
defences
,
I
referre
it
likewise
to
the
knowledge
of
captaines
and
souldiers
experienced
.
Onely
this
for
that
we
reade
it
from
the
wisedome
and
sacred
institution
of
God
in
Deutronomie
:
if
they
that
be
distressed
make
peaceable
offers
,
or
offer
peaceable
conditions
they
should
haue
peace
graunted
vnto
them
,
and
bee
made
tributaries
and
seruants
vnto
their
conquerers
:
but
if
they
should
in
obstinate
heart
continue
warre
,
then
should
the
aduersarie
maintaine
his
siege
:
For
saith
he
,
God
will
deliuer
them
into
thyhands
;
then
put
all
the
male
children
to
sword
,
reseruing
the
women
and
all
other
goods
for
thy
seruice
and
commoditie
.
Cut
not
downe
any
fruit
trees
,
for
they
shall
serue
for
thy
comfort
and
sustenance
;
but
of
all
other
trees
which
are
fit
to
further
the
assiege
and
serue
for
fortification
,
to
make
bridges
,
or
to
staunche
moates
and
ditches
.
The
Romanes
in
surprisall
or
taking
in
of
citties
,
would
not
endure
the
needlesse
charge
of
long
sieges
;
and
therefore
they
wonne
all
townes
,
either
by
force
apparant
,
or
stratagemme
.
By
force
,
as
either
with
sudden
and
vnexpected
assaults
,
by
scaling
ladders
and
multitudes
of
souldiers
seconding
one
another
in
their
scaladoes
;
and
that
was
commonly
performed
with
one
dayes
seruice
,
as
Scipio
tooke
in
Carthage
:
or
if
with
more
time
then
they
did
vse
The
course
of
winning
such
places
(
as
before
I
noted
)
is
by
mixt
force
or
stratagemme
;
as
also
by
secret
conspiracies
or
confederacies
,
as
in
corrupting
certaine
the
principall
gouernors
,
or
captaines
of
those
townes
or
peeces
:
and
yet
there
is
danger
in
reposing
trust
or
credite
in
such
mercenarie
faith
,
which
is
not
commonly
current
.
For
the
whole
state
of
an
Armie
,
(
which
is
indeed
the
carcasse
of
a
kingdome
)
may
not
onely
be
grieuously
wounded
,
but
irreuocably
broken
by
that
meanes
:
or
it
may
percase
be
laid
open
by
some
accident
or
other
.
As
it
of
late
dayes
happened
when
Vlissingen
should
haue
beene
taken
in
,
Sir
Robert
Sidney
Vicount
Lysle
Gouernour
,
hauing
had
notice
of
the
trecherie
by
very
strange
meanes
and
vnexpected
,
by
which
the
plots
may
be
confounded
.
Certaine
places
may
bee
wonne
by
traine
vnder
trust
:
as
Amiens
was
taken
by
the
stratagemme
of
carts
,
about
nine
yeeres
sithence
.
To
stand
longer
vpon
such
deuises
being
so
frequent
and
well
knowne
to
militarie
gouernours
and
masters
,
were
intirely
needlesse
,
referring
them
to
Caesar
,
Thucydides
and
Liuie
,
whose
Hystories
are
fully
furnished
with
mater
of
that
nature
.
In
the
assiege
of
any
Towne
or
Peece
whatsoeuer
being
strongly
munited
,
the
principall
course
is
to
begin
with
all
violence
,
and
to
take
away
from
the
besieged
all
future
meanes
and
hopes
of
lingring
and
protracting
succours
.
For
the
procrastination
or
protraction
of
one
day
,
or
houre
in
such
seruices
(
whereby
the
distressed
Citizens
or
souldiers
might
haue
beene
relieued
in
the
delay
)
may
draw
with
it
sufficient
opposition
to
remoue
the
assiege
,
and
to
deliuer
the
places
from
all
danger
.
It
is
also
most
perilous
in
contrary
to
the
defence
and
fortification
of
any
Towne
(
being
vehemently
beleaguered
by
force
)
to
linger
out
in
hope
of
succours
,
vntill
they
come
to
the
very
centre
of
all
extremitie
;
for
then
remedies
and
meanes
of
all
sortes
are
altogether
fruitlesse
,
and
vnprofitable
to
people
in
such
a
lamentable
case
,
being
inuironed
and
neere
oppressed
with
their
enemies
,
when
the
poyson
hath
already
dispersed
it selfe
through
the
heart
veines
.
In
th'
assiege
of
Zama
,
the
Romanes
vnder
Marius
(
as
Salust
writeth
)
vsed
In
the
conquest
and
surprisall
of
Kingdomes
,
Prouinces
,
Cities
,
or
Castles
,
the
true
touch
of
a
noble
Generall
is
seen
,
in
his
prohibiting
and
cohibiting
of
all
violence
vsed
against
women
,
punishing
with
death
according
to
martiall
lawes
,
the
rapes
&
constuprations
of
matrons
and
virgines
,
emblasoning
in
his
whole
apport
vpon
the
victory
,
with
all
heroycall
humiliation
&
modesty
,
that
honor
which
so
mightily
magnified
Scipio
Africanus
vpon
his
surprisall
of
Carthage
.
For
(
hauing
at
the
sacke
thereof
a
captiue
virgin
of
incomparable
beautie
,
presented
vnto
him
by
certaine
of
his
captaines
which
had
taken
her
)
he
with
most
singular
and
gracious
humanitie
,
preciously
valuing
and
prising
her
honour
as
his
owne
,
did
not
onely
with
great
gifts
and
iewels
which
he
bestowed
vpon
her
,
but
without
any
blemish
or
assiege
laid
vnto
her
maiden-head
gloriously
dismisse
her
with
a
conuoy
.
Which
that
noble
(
though
vnfortunate
)
Lord
Robert
Deuereux
late
Earle
of
Essex
,
Anno
1596.
declared
at
Cadiz
:
where
like
a
true
Scipto
both
in
valour
and
discipline
,
hee
left
the
spoyles
of
that
towne
in
speciall
to
his
souldiers
reseruing
for
himselfe
as
his
owne
share
inualuable
,
a
right
renouned
and
infinite
bruit
of
his
victories
,
which
vpon
that
felicitie
like
a
cannon
shot
suddenly
battered
and
made
a
breach
in
the
rebated
spirits
of
Spaine
:
the
report
of
which
noble
peece
was
heard
farre
beyond
the
extremest
confines
of
Christendome
;
insomuch
that
the
Mahemitane
Monarch
hearing
of
that
sudden
braue
,
seconded
the
scoffe
(
which
his
Predecessor
had
darted
at
king
Philip
the
second
An.
1588.
)
with
another
harsh
taunt
more
bitterly
relished
.
By
which
meanes
the
fame
of
that
noble
warrior
grew
so
great
,
that
our
Soueraigne
(
which
had
not
beene
knowne
to
diuers
Potentates
of
this
world
)
was
by
the
bruit
of
his
valour
and
victories
made
famous
,
and
immortall
also
.
I
cannot
sufficiently
set
downe
what
in
my
iudgement
,
and
by
the
relation
of
very
iust
and
wise
men
of
his
secrets
I
haue
considered
and
conceiued
of
that
noble
warrior
:
Howbeit
thus
much
as
the
least
of
my
iust
obsequies
to
so
renouned
a
Lord
,
he
neuer
was
heard
(
that
euer
I
could
heare
)
to
haue
gloried
or
boasted
of
his
victories
,
or
fortunate
seruices
:
but
in
all
his
actions
ciuile
or
military
did
referre
all
with
ioyfull
humblenesse
and
thanks-giuing
to
God
,
and
to
the
speciall
wisedom
and
direction
of
his
Prince
,
as
a
seruant
and
minister
of
theirs
.
And
thus
by
specious
declaration
of
his
vertue
in
obedience
,
and
of
his
modestie
in
speech
,
he
still
liued
free
from
malice
;
and
yet
as
a
royall
Deere
alwayes
pasturing
within
the
golden
pale
of
glorie
.
Howbeit
(
to
his
owne
sodaine
dissolution
,
and
to
the
dolorous
downe
fall
and
heauinesse
of
his
many
friends
which
fell
with
him
,
and
which
lamented
for
him
long
after
him
)
hee
found
it
and
left
it
which
was
by
Tacitus
written
as
a
position
infallible
to
bee
pondered
amongst
all
ambitious
and
aspiring
subiects
or
other
great
ones
,
which
cannot
set
limits
to
their
owne
appeties
,
Quam
formidolosum
sit
priuati
hominis
gloriam
supraprincipis
attolli
:
Which
might
be
verified
also
by
the
example
of
Dauid
,
who
(
though
protected
by
the
great
prouidence
of
God
)
being
but
a
shepheard
(
as
I
touched
in
my
second
Booke
)
to
raigne
in
Israel
;
yet
was
(
notwithstanding
all
his
vertues
,
and
honour
in
marrying
king
Saul
his
daughter
)
in
danger
to
loose
his
life
,
by
many
trecherous
conspiracies
and
attempts
of
his
vnthankfull
father
in
law
.
But
that
I
may
speake
somewhat
of
him
according
to
true
iudgement
and
indifferencie
:
because
paraduenture
some
haue
either
maleuolently
with
exceeding
bitternesse
abused
his
honorable
ashes
contumeliously
;
and
others
percase
which
haue
as
blindly
in
the
contrary
sanctified
him
as
one
more
then
a
man
beyonde
his
deserts
,
and
the
measure
of
his
nature
:
both
which
are
most
odious
to
the
true
taste
of
all
noble
natures
:
I
say
thus
much
,
which
they
(
that
wisely
did
know
him
)
will
acknowledge
also
.
His
minde
was
incomprehensible
:
by
nature
,
a
man
much
addicted
to
pleasures
,
but
much
more
to
glorie
.
If
he
were
at
any
time
luxurious
(
which
some
very
impudently
haue
thrust
vpon
his
dead
coffin
,
against
all
truth
and
modestie
)
it
was
very
little
,
and
that
when
hee
was
idle
,
which
was
very
sildome
:
howbeit
neuer
could
any
delicacies
or
corporall
comforts
drawe
him
(
since
he
was
imployed
in
the
publike
counsels
of
his
Prince
and
countrey
)
to
neglect
any
serious
businesse
.
He
was
eloquent
,
and
well
knew
the
guilefull
trappes
&
insidious
treacheries
of
this
world
,
by
good
experience
and
much
reading
.
He
was
affable
and
soone
any
mans
friend
,
that
was
either
by
friendes
commended
vnto
him
,
or
had
any
specious
apparance
of
good
qualities
in
him
.
The
loftinesse
of
his
wit
(
as
I
may
most
properly
terme
it
)
was
most
quick
,
present
and
incredible
:
in
dissembling
with
counterfeit
friends
,
and
in
concealing
of
any
matter
and
businesse
of
importance
,
beyond
expectation
.
He
was
bountifull
,
magnificent
and
liberall
in
all
the
course
of
his
life
,
hauing
commended
multitudes
of
people
vnto
liuings
,
pensions
,
preferments
,
&
great
sums
of
money
,
as
appeared
both
by
the
land
of
his
owne
,
which
he
sould
and
ingaged
to
maintaine
the
same
;
and
by
the
large
dispensation
of
his
Soueraignes
treasure
committed
to
his
trust
and
discretion
.
And
which
I
may
speake
in
truth
most
boldly
,
his
fortune
was
alwayes
good
before
,
as
appeared
in
France
and
Cadiz
;
but
much
inferior
to
his
valorous
industrie
(
which
with
the
great
and
weightie
hammer
of
his
reason
and
engine
,
did
strike
diuine
beames
and
noble
sparkes
from
the
anuile
of
glorie
)
vntill
his
late
vnfortunate
voyage
in
Anno
1597.
and
that
his
other
pestilent
and
inauspicious
expedition
for
Ireland
:
before
which
times
it
was
difficult
to
be
discerned
,
whether
his
valour
or
fortune
were
more
.
I
my selfe
a
Boy
,
haue
seene
him
in
the
French-warres
to
communicate
in
sports
and
sometimes
in
serious
matters
with
men
of
meane
condition
and
place
,
their
fortunes
and
parentage
valued
;
to
bee
delighted
and
exercised
in
labouring
with
the
mattock
in
trenches
,
fosses
,
and
in
other
workes
amongst
his
battels
;
to
be
busied
in
setting
of
watches
,
in
making
of
barricadoes
at
his
quarter
,
and
in
often
walking
the
round
.
Also
that
vice
(
which
contagious
ambition
much
affecteth
)
could
neuer
be
noted
in
him
;
which
was
to
detract
from
the
credite
and
good
fame
of
any
his
fellowes
in
her
Maiesties
counsell
,
they
being
absent
,
or
of
any
other
man
:
only
this
it
went
neere
him
and
laie
heauie
to
his
heart
,
that
any
of
them
should
be
thought
more
wise
or
valiant
then
himselfe
,
being
scarce
a
vice
,
but
emulation
rather
proceeding
from
the
mightinesse
of
his
spirit
;
and
(
without
doubt
)
he
did
exceed
many
of
them
in
many
things
.
By
which
meanes
,
euen
as
Salust
describeth
Sylla
,
so
did
he
become
precious
in
presence
of
his
souldiers
.
From
his
child-hood
hee
was
hardened
with
exercise
,
taking
pleasure
and
some
trauaile
and
labours
which
other
men
for
the
most
part
would
haue
reputed
miseries
and
calamities
.
His
apprehension
and
prudence
was
admirable
,
by
which
he
would
and
many
times
did
preuent
and
turne
the
mischiefes
and
fallacies
of
his
enemies
vpon
their
owne
heads
;
he
was
circumspect
in
all
matters
appertaining
his
owne
office
and
charge
;
and
would
not
endure
,
if
by
any
meanes
,
counsell
,
or
engine
he
could
deuise
,
to
leaue
any
safe
euasions
or
munitions
offensiue
or
defensiue
with
his
enemies
.
And
that
which
was
most
rare
in
so
great
a
captaine
(
though
in
discipline
of
warre
,
he
declared
himselfe
seuere
as
was
fit
,
meeke
and
honourable
towards
his
captaines
which
had
well
deserued
)
neither
did
his
mildnesse
and
facilitie
withdraw
from
his
reputation
,
nor
his
seueritie
deminish
the
loue
of
his
souldiers
:
onely
this
to
conclude
of
him
in
the
person
of
a
Generall
.
The
end
of
his
life
was
much
lamented
by
the
better
and
nobler
part
of
his
countrimen
,
it
was
very
grieuous
to
them
that
were
his
friends
and
louers
,
it
was
pitied
and
repined
against
with
a
certaine
kinde
of
regret
by
forrenners
and
strangers
,
which
had
heard
of
his
valour
,
and
those
enemies
or
emulators
rather
of
his
heroicall
vertues
in
Spaine
and
France
,
which
had
felt
the
weight
of
his
valour
,
reioyced
not
vpon
report
of
his
death
.
I
would
if
it
had
so
pleased
God
,
that
he
might
haue
died
in
the
warres
vpon
the
enemies
of
his
countrey
,
that
I
might
heroically
with
good
cheere
haue
registred
his
death
in
these
offices
:
to
conclude
with
his
discription
of
body
briefly
being
the
same
,
with
that
which
Tacitus
did
write
of
Iulius
Agricola
:
decentior
quam
sublimior
fuit
,
nihil
metus
in
vultu
,
gratia
oris
supererat
,
bonum
virum
facile
credideres
,
magnum
libentèr
.
He
was
tall
and
in
authoritie
,
yet
was
he
more
comely
then
loftie
:
in
his
forehead
and
countenance
much
valour
and
boldnesse
were
imprinted
and
expressed
,
his
lookes
were
very
gratious
;
they
that
had
iudiciously
beheld
him
,
would
haue
easily
beleeued
that
he
was
a
very
good
man
,
and
would
haue
bene
very
glad
to
haue
knowen
him
a
mightie
man
:
and
that
which
was
most
rare
and
admirable
in
men
of
our
age
,
in
his
distresse
and
calamities
,
his
mind
was
not
onely
great
and
noble
like
his
blood
and
and
place
,
but
much
loftier
and
firmer
,
then
in
his
most
firme
honours
,
and
prosperitie
.
And
so
much
in
briefe
,
so
neere
as
I
could
,
haue
I
done
to
life
,
the
morall
qualities
and
perfections
of
that
heroicall
Generall
without
adulation
or
partialitie
.
Now
because
I
would
be
short
,
I
will
speake
somewhat
of
some
other
respects
and
obseruations
required
in
the
person
of
a
Lieutenant
Generall
.
First
therefore
let
all
conditions
of
peace
or
truce
with
any
people
besieging
or
besieged
(
if
they
be
cleare
from
any
suspition
of
concealed
daunger
,
yeelding
meanes
of
quiet
without
more
perill
of
further
expense
in
future
)
be
generally
liked
and
embraced
:
but
if
they
breede
any
buds
or
tokens
of
the
contrarie
,
let
a
wise
captaine
or
gouernour
shew
speciall
circumspection
,
least
a
pernicious
and
bloodie
warre
lurke
vnder
such
insidious
and
perfidious
pretext
of
peace
,
and
some
pestilent
poyson
be
ministred
in
steede
of
wholesome
phisicke
.
In
all
wounds
,
extreamities
,
and
miseries
he
must
repute
of
death
as
of
the
consummation
of
all
calamities
,
and
not
as
a
vexation
,
that
death
dissolueth
all
mortall
perturbations
:
otherwise
there
cannot
any
place
be
left
for
griefe
or
ioy
.
He
must
therefore
to
be
short
be
partaker
of
prudence
as
I
said
before
;
because
all
aduantages
in
fight
are
attained
thereby
:
for
by
that
vertue
,
neither
feare
nor
furie
can
dazell
his
vnderstanding
.
And
therefore
Salomon
saith
that
in
warre
prudence
is
principally
to
bee
required
.
And
Vergetius
,
he
that
can
shew
many
martiall
scarres
and
vertuous
markes
of
honour
These
and
such
qualities
of
the
like
heroicall
nature
made
the
Romanes
victorious
,
inciting
and
pricking
vp
their
souldiers
to
paines
and
valour
.
Neither
would
these
renouned
Romane
Generals
(
as
I
haue
partly
noted
elsewhere
)
oppresse
or
deale
extremely
with
any
people
whom
they
conquered
,
but
they
did
repute
it
to
be
their
greatest
maiesty
to
prohibit
iniuries
,
and
not
to
suffer
any
man
by
wicked
meanes
to
dilate
his
Empire
.
Besides
,
for
discipline
(
because
it
is
one
speciall
thing
which
should
be
remembred
)
and
I
haue
in
diuers
places
mentioned
the
same
,
being
a
thing
so
necessary
to
be
considered
,
that
without
it
the
fight
or
battels
where
euill
instructed
souldiers
are
is
more
like
to
Latrociny
then
true
warre
.
Horsemen
in
confused
troupes
without
order
or
true
direction
of
their
Guydes
&
Cornets
:
foot-men
intermingled
with
them
not
knowing
how
to
draw
themselues
into
rankes
,
and
fyles
,
by
due
forme
&
order
of
battell
,
but
many
times
at
vnawares
wounding
,
slaughtering
,
and
mayming
one
another
,
striking
their
enemies
behind
their
backes
,
without
honourable
respect
like
brute
beasts
and
sauages
,
and
finally
leauing
themselues
a
spoyle
and
shame
to
their
enemies
,
their
children
and
posteritie
slaues
to
forreners
,
their
Countrey
the
inheritance
of
ambitious
and
vnsatiable
vsurpers
,
besides
a
perpetuall
record
of
shame
in
all
Hystories
insuing
.
How
needfull
therefore
it
is
for
Captaines
to
see
their
souldiers
well
armed
,
well
practized
in
vse
of
Armes
,
and
well
disciplined
,
concerning
their
behauiour
in
the
warres
,
is
most
apparant
,
when
after
a
field
by
such
negligence
and
confusion
lost
,
they
shall
see
their
virgins
and
daughters
rauished
and
deflowred
,
their
male-children
captiued
or
murdered
,
some
of
them
violently
torne
from
the
bosomes
&
imbracements
of
their
parents
,
the
mothers
of
children
and
of
Families
in
presence
of
their
owne
husbands
violently
exposed
and
prostituted
to
the
reasonlesse
wills
and
lustes
of
the
Conquerers
,
their
Churches
,
holy
things
,
houses
,
and
treasures
to
bee
spoyled
and
borne
away
before
their
eyes
,
murther
and
fire
to
rage
euery
where
in
their
desolate
townes
and
cities
;
lastly
,
no
place
of
their
countrey
to
be
free
from
Armes
,
dead
corpses
,
blood
and
lamentation
euery
where
scattered
.
Which
things
being
so
certaine
and
well
considered
,
how
needfull
it
is
to
discipline
,
instruct
and
incourage
souldiers
in
the
loue
and
ready
practise
of
armes
and
of
true
valour
is
most
euident
,
and
ought
to
be
the
principall
care
of
all
heroycall
Captaines
,
which
should
neuer
cease
either
meditating
or
practising
to
make
their
souldiors
vnder
their
charge
so
perfect
,
resolute
,
obedient
and
valiant
,
as
nothing
may
be
thought
to
them
on
earth
impregnable
.
And
albeit
the
fortune
of
war
consisteth
alwayes
vpon
difficult
and
vncertaine
termes
,
yet
most
certaine
it
is
that
true
valour
mingled
with
absolute
discipline
in
souldiers
,
maketh
a
tryumphant
Monarchie
.
For
what
more
excellent
spectacle
can
there
be
to
them
that
are
Lordes
and
conquerors
,
through
their
good
disposition
and
gouernment
,
then
in
the
open
fieldes
to
pursue
their
enemies
in
slight
?
to
wound
,
slaughter
,
and
captiuate
them
?
to
see
their
horses
with
the
riders
distressed
?
to
see
many
of
them
which
haue
receiued
wounds
neither
to
find
chirurgerie
,
nor
meanes
of
escape
?
some
of
them
desparately
to
resist
,
and
presently
to
fall
downe
?
lastly
to
see
the
whole
Campe
couered
with
weapons
,
armor
,
and
dead
bodies
,
and
the
ground
dyed
into
purple
with
their
enemies
blood
?
All
which
noble
obiects
and
incouragements
come
onely
by
good
discipline
.
But
for
somuch
as
true
fortitude
,
which
is
lincked
in
the
golden
armelet
of
other
Morall
vertues
,
and
participateth
with
the
rest
is
one
and
the
noblest
Counsellor
,
and
executioner
of
all
the
worthie
designes
of
a
prudent
Generall
:
I
will
therefore
deliuer
the
members
of
that
principle
in
moralitie
.
Fortitude
is
an
affection
or
habite
of
the
minde
,
which
vndergoing
all
honorable
dangers
,
labours
,
and
mischieous
hazards
considerately
,
represseth
feare
and
wrath
:
the
corporall
enemies
of
it
are
sicknesse
and
pouertie
,
mentall
opposites
,
disgrace
,
iniurie
,
rebuke
:
it
holdeth
at
defiance
death
,
dolour
and
feare
.
He
therefore
that
is
truely
valiant
sheweth
himselfe
to
be
more
than
a
man
,
as
Seneca
seemeth
to
witnesse
.
Quemcunque
miserum
videris
hominem
scias
,
Quemcunque
fortem
videris
miserum
neges
.
Those
that
are
vext
with
miseries
are
men
:
They
that
are
valiant
feele
no
miseries
.
The
extreames
of
fortitude
are
temeritie
and
timerousnesse
:
rashnesse
attempteth
perils
inconsiderately
,
which
without
mature
consultation
and
in
a
blind
force
not
respecting
abilitie
to
performe
rusheth
into
dangerous
actions
,
either
through
ignorance
,
pride
,
desperation
,
stupiditie
,
pusillanimitie
,
or
some
foolish
ambition
of
vaine
glory
,
which
mancipateth
the
minde
:
whereas
feare
contrarily
being
vtterly
voyd
of
reason
or
counsell
,
will
bee
sodainly
peirced
with
the
terrible
bruit
and
vnexpected
noyse
of
any
thing
,
vpon
which
true
valor
ought
to
giue
charge
;
and
folke
of
such
a
leaden
temper
inclyning
so
much
to
the
blinde
loue
of
their
owne
liues
,
are
not
possessed
of
that
hardnesse
of
true
mettall
which
should
oppresse
such
brutish
turpitude
and
disgrace
.
Horace
the
Poet
excellently
counselleth
in
this
case
.
Rebus
angustis
animosus
atque
Fortis
appare
:
sapientèr
idem
Contrahes
vento
nimium
secundo
Turgida
vela
:
Let
courage
and
true
strength
appeare
in
troubles
:
if
in
thy
shippes
sterne
,
a
stiffe
gale
blow
prosperously
skanten
thy
sailes
.
Herein
prudence
is
fitly
ioyned
with
courage
,
restrayning
men
from
inconsiderate
attempts
,
least
like
beasts
they
seeme
to
build
more
vpon
a
violent
affection
of
minde
,
by
profuse
aduenture
of
their
bodies
,
then
accordeth
with
reason
.
There
is
a
fortitude
in
men
(
as
Aristotle
defineth
)
depending
vpon
fortune
,
when
people
Stoutnesse
and
magnanimitie
which
vndertaketh
and
endureth
all
difficulties
with
patience
and
perseuetance
,
being
the
substance
and
essence
thereof
,
is
incorporate
to
fortitude
.
Stoutnesse
is
a
stedfast
confidence
of
minde
,
armed
with
assured
trust
and
hope
in
great
and
honourable
actions
.
Audaciousnes
contrarieth
it
without
consideration
,
iudgement
,
and
respect
of
honestie
,
violently
and
rashly
precipitating
it selfe
into
perils
:
whereas
stoutnesse
attempted
with
reason
,
warie
respect
,
great
boldnesse
and
moderation
of
the
minde
being
inseperately
fastned
vnto
vertue
nobly
worketh
in
the
turbulent
seas
of
danger
.
Pusillanimitie
which
is
a
base
deiection
or
rather
desperation
of
the
mind
opposeth
it
,
yet
commonly
pursuing
temeritie
,
by
the
example
of
Philip
late
King
of
Spaine
,
which
(
amongst
other
his
vnaduised
attempts
,
wherein
the
salt
of
warie
premeditation
was
forgotten
)
luculently
,
to
Gods
vnspeakable
glorie
did
appeare
in
his
militarie
businesse
vndertaken
against
this
nation
(
as
I
touched
before
)
immaturely
leuying
armes
not
being
soundly
resolued
how
that
action
of
such
difficult
and
weightie
consequence
should
bee
managed
or
finished
,
wholy
leaning
vpon
the
fickle
wheele
of
fortune
,
immesurably
mounting
in
the
pompe
of
his
victories
had
in
other
places
before
,
and
onely
through
want
of
knowledge
how
to
guide
the
gorgeous
bridles
of
his
prosperous
tryumphes
:
but
when
the
certaine
successe
of
his
shattered
fleet
(
which
inwardly
daunced
before
,
threatning
the
Brittaine
seaes
and
shores
,
in
foolish
confidence
of
vndoubted
conquest
)
had
like
a
musket
shaft
peireed
through
his
credulous
eares
to
his
trembling
heart
and
late
ambitious
liuer
,
where
it
was
deeply
fixed
;
then
as
a
weake
and
sraile
woman
impatiently
throwing
from
him
all
royall
and
princely
thoughts
and
courage
,
passionatly
did
he
teare
off
his
owne
beard
,
beating
his
forehead
and
breast
impatiently
,
torturing
himselfe
with
teares
and
lamentations
in
publike
and
priuat
:
vpon
which
his
disperation
,
waxing
fearelesse
of
any
tokens
or
care
in
himselfe
to
conserue
his
owne
Realms
(
which
had
so
fouldly
mist
in
seeking
to
master
ours
)
made
such
apparance
of
his
basenesse
and
viletie
,
playing
the
lowly
part
of
a
weake
and
feeble
woman
(
which
he
prouided
for
our
diuine
Soueraigne
Lady
)
that
wise
men
did
very
iudiciously
consider
vpon
it
by
certaine
circumstances
,
how
Queene
Elizabeth
might
in
the
terror
of
that
ouerthrow
which
thundred
in
Spaine
amongst
the
Castillian
courages
,
haue
easily
with
a
small
power
subiected
that
nation
thereupon
.
Magnanimitie
being
the
greatnesse
of
a
mind
inuincible
and
mightie
,
the
noble
strength
and
stedfastnesse
in
execution
of
great
and
waightie
matters
,
doth
support
and
corroborate
stoutnesse
.
Know
therefore
that
heart
to
be
noblest
and
most
honourable
in
quest
of
all
vertues
,
which
is
open
,
simple
,
without
hypocrisie
,
graue
,
modest
,
repressing
pride
,
meerely
great
,
forgetfull
of
iniuries
done
to
it selfe
,
gentle
,
aiming
at
eternitie
,
contemning
terrestrial
benefits
,
readier
to
giue
then
to
receiue
,
more
studious
of
iust
praise
then
profit
.
For
this
kind
of
nobilitie
,
contemneth
that
greatnesse
which
the
profane
vulgar
admireth
so
much
,
conuersing
in
the
restraint
of
all
perturbations
,
in
victorious
resistance
of
all
ambition
,
auarice
,
and
fleshly
desires
;
that
it
may
with
more
constancie
resist
other
calamities
.
This
is
seene
in
both
prosperous
and
aduerse
chaunces
when
a
man
is
not
altered
through
either
,
but
endureth
constant
and
the
same
in
all
.
Haughtinesse
aspiring
from
a
stubborne
and
fastidious
spirit
,
and
heart
swolne
vp
with
the
poyson
of
pride
,
which
violently
rauisheth
humane
reason
,
and
base
abiection
being
the
vilenesse
and
filth
of
mind
are
daungerous
outlawes
,
trangressing
beyond
the
borders
of
magnanimitie
.
From
the
first
marcheth
braggerie
,
foolish
boasting
and
ostentation
which
issueth
from
fol●…e
blinded
in
louing
conceit
and
admiration
of
some
worthinesse
which
they
misconceiue
in
themselues
;
being
a
most
ridiculous
vice
to
be
represented
in
enterlude
by
the
person
of
Thraso
,
wholie
repugnant
to
goodnesse
and
modestie
,
hatefull
in
the
thoughts
of
all
honest
men
,
and
acceptable
to
parasites
onely
.
Tke
second
being
a
foule
abiection
,
and
beastly
downefall
of
mind
eschewing
labour
,
and
neglecting
matters
of
most
moment
,
in
feare
of
some
griefe
and
care
which
accompaineth
it
,
is
altogether
sopped
and
steeped
in
sluggishnesse
:
such
brutish
people
faint
and
languish
in
the
quest
of
honourable
and
important
affaires
as
Sardanapalus
and
Heliog
abalus
did
.
Vnto
these
alreadie
mentioned
,
adde
a
desire
of
good
fame
;
opposite
to
which
is
ambition
,
and
neglect
of
honest
report
,
of
impudencie
:
but
a
moderate
desire
of
honour
which
is
placed
betwixt
ambition
and
the
contempt
of
dignitie
meerely
proceeding
from
a
mind
that
aspireth
to
the
reward
of
her
vertues
,
is
in
my
iudgement
laudable
and
ambicious
:
if
I
dare
make
a
maxim
positiuely
of
that
which
Aristotle
holdeth
ambiguously
for
a
paradox
.
But
to
conclude
with
this
vertue
magnanimitic
,
Philosophers
thinke
it
to
be
the
rule
how
to
desire
and
seeke
for
honour
by
due
desert
,
moderating
and
directing
humane
appetite
in
the
acquisition
of
great
and
mightie
matters
:
her
sisters
accompaning
are
humilitie
,
patience
,
magnificence
,
and
mansuetude
,
which
is
a
calme
spirit
interset
betwixt
wrath
and
indulgence
:
the
meanes
to
restraine
wrath
and
hatred
are
,
not
to
be
couetous
of
vengeance
,
seldome
though
sometimes
vpon
iust
cause
to
be
angry
,
to
wrong
and
vexe
no
man
,
for
enuie
dependeth
vpon
wrath
.
Securitie
and
licence
of
sinne
followeth
excessiue
indulgence
:
and
I
am
perswaded
that
no
man
which
is
truely
valiant
,
can
truely
be
said
enuious
though
most
of
them
are
emulous
:
Patience
which
is
a
vertue
,
fencing
and
preparing
a
souldiers
mind
against
all
wounds
inflicted
in
fight
,
teacheth
a
Generall
,
and
all
sorts
of
souldiers
,
how
to
strengthen
,
exercise
,
and
encourage
themselues
in
all
commendable
hardnesse
&
difficulties
;
as
noble
Cato
of
Vtica
did
in
Africke
instruct
his
souldiers
,
how
to
beare
themselues
amongst
a
swarme
of
mortall
stings
,
&
how
to
suffer
heat
,
hunger
,
&
thirst
,
sickenesse
;
for
this
vertue
fenceth
and
prepareth
his
mind
against
all
wounds
inflicted
in
fight
:
and
Quintus
Fabius
likewise
whom
I
mentioned
in
my
second
booke
.
That
Generall
therefore
which
is
verely
valiant
,
will
in
the
effusion
and
smoking
current
of
his
owne
blood
(
that
from
him
washeth
away
all
spots
of
shame
and
deformities
)
fight
most
eagerly
,
considering
that
his
most
grace
and
highest
commendation
in
conflict
is
to
stand
stedfast
foote
to
foote
,
without
giuing
any
ground
,
or
turning
his
face
away
from
the
aduersarie
,
vnlesse
good
aduantages
and
opportunities
require
the
same
.
He
likewise
that
can
with
most
ingenious
fortitude
discouer
,
auoyd
,
and
turne
,
the
fallacies
,
engines
,
and
mischiefes
of
his
enemies
vpon
their
owne
heads
:
and
he
semblably
who
being
wounded
,
rewounded
,
and
surrewounded
vpon
the
face
,
will
not
shrinke
nor
yeeld
himselfe
,
but
holding
a
secret
combat
betwixt
dolor
and
glory
fighteth
in
blood
,
sweate
,
and
dust
vnto
the
last
spiracle
of
his
life
,
not
doubling
his
body
,
nor
faintly
staggering
vnder
the
weight
of
his
enemies
arme
,
neither
touching
the
ground
during
the
combat
with
hands
or
knees
.
It
is
likewise
honorably
noted
in
the
combattant
that
shall
wound
his
foes
vpon
their
heads
,
foreheads
,
or
other
nobler
members
:
which
obseruations
Vegetius
specially
requireth
in
the
fanteries
:
if
therefore
this
be
considered
,
Vtifortem
animum
gerant
,
quantoque
sibi
in
praelio
minus
pepercissent
tanto
tutiores
fore
:
that
they
beare
a
valiant
spirit
,
and
that
they
shall
better
and
more
safely
defend
their
bodies
and
honours
,
by
how
much
more
earnest
and
lesse
sparing
they
be
of
themselues
:
then
will
this
noble
vertue
of
patience
and
true
fortitude
,
victoriously
flourish
in
the
hearts
of
all
good
souldiers
.
This
vertue
doth
(
as
Cicero
defineth
)
consist
in
suffering
continuall
and
voluntarie
toyle
,
and
hardnesse
vpon
honest
profitable
termes
,
which
is
a
firme
and
constant
toleration
of
humane
affaires
,
when
with
a
mind
and
spirit
vnbroken
,
we
beare
all
calamities
which
may
happen
:
this
long
sufferance
of
griefe
and
trauaile
must
be
grounded
vpon
some
honest
cause
:
for
if
vnder
the
reuerend
and
demure
roabes
thereof
,
hatred
,
wealth
or
honour
,
being
riotous
and
ruffionlike
companious
be
concealed
,
then
is
it
not
any
branch
of
fortitude
,
but
the
extreamitie
thereof
,
importing
a
sauage
and
reasonlesse
hardinesse
.
Patience
consisteth
in
suffering
iniuries
,
and
in
cheerefull
bearing
all
the
crosses
of
fortune
;
herein
is
the
Prouerbe
compleat
,
that
Patience
is
victorie
:
for
in
repressing
his
owne
affection
,
a
man
both
subdueth
himselfe
and
his
aduersarie
;
whereas
in
contrary
being
subiected
and
made
a
vassall
vnto
the
scourge
of
his
owne
appetites
,
he
wilfully
submitteth
himselfe
to
that
brutish
yoake
,
being
prouoked
by
wrath
and
desire
:
onely
let
vs
neglect
wrong
,
and
it
is
easily
vanquished
leauing
vengeance
to
the
benefit
of
time
,
and
to
the
powerfull
iudgement
of
the
great
iudge
and
avenger
.
For
according
to
blessed
Paul
,
In
hauing
patience
we
doe
the
will
of
God
,
by
which
we
receiue
the
promise
of
saluation
.
And
Salomon
that
oracle
of
wisedome
,
confirming
it
in
a
parable
,
or
wise
concealed
sentence
,
saith
,
That
he
which
is
slow
to
wrath
,
is
better
then
the
mightie
man
,
and
he
that
ruleth
the
mind
exceedeth
a
conqueror
of
cities
.
Moreouer
God
himselfe
,
when
he
discended
in
a
cloud
to
Moses
,
proclaimed
his
mercie
manifested
in
patience
,
when
he
cryed
before
his
face
.
The
Lord
,
the
Lord
is
strong
,
mercifull
,
and
gratious
,
slow
to
anger
,
and
full
of
goodnesse
and
trueth
,
reseruing
mercie
for
thousands
;
forgiuing
sinne
and
iniquitie
.
And
the
God
of
patience
and
consolation
,
which
ensueth
it
,
admonishing
the
Thessalonians
in
another
place
to
be
patient
towards
all
sorts
of
men
.
Patience
therefore
being
a
principall
member
of
fortitude
giueth
vs
a
conquest
and
possession
of
our
owne
soules
in
peace
,
and
comfort
:
pouertie
,
exile
,
losse
of
parents
,
friends
,
children
,
sorow
,
reproch
,
contempt
,
seruitude
,
grieuous
sicknesse
,
blindnesse
with
all
the
miserable
defects
and
mischiefes
of
nature
and
fortune
(
if
a
man
ponder
that
his
life
is
by
course
of
mortalitie
full
of
vexation
and
heauinesse
)
are
nothing
:
and
therefore
iust
honor
inuiteth
him
to
combate
or
wrestle
willingly
with
all
calamities
,
that
he
may
purchase
a
glorious
and
renounced
victorie
ouer
them
,
rather
then
like
a
foolish
coward
wilfully
to
trust
himselfe
without
courageous
resistance
into
the
iawes
of
ineuitable
troubles
,
as
by
some
dastardly
mancipation
of
himselfe
:
that
though
he
be
broken
by
it
,
yet
it
may
be
said
that
he
was
not
subdued
,
but
as
it
were
voluntarily
sacrificed
vnto
it
:
for
no
man
is
said
to
feele
griefe
but
he
that
complaineth
of
it
.
Them
that
in
desperate
causes
as
in
respect
of
pouertie
,
disgrace
,
captiuitie
,
or
in
amorous
passion
,
should
kill
or
cast
away
themselues
(
for
such
persons
Aristotle
termeth
effeminate
)
I
cannot
hold
to
be
verely
valiant
;
whereas
it
is
the
part
of
true
valor
to
beare
in
equall
ballance
of
minde
m●…hiefe
,
and
prosperitie
;
a
sure
token
of
cowardize
and
idlenesse
also
,
to
distrust
,
faint
,
or
filthily
to
be
deiected
in
troubles
.
Impacience
(
which
is
the
softnesse
of
a
minde
echewing
labour
,
and
the
tolleration
of
dolor
)
opposeth
it
:
such
as
are
afraid
to
take
paines
and
to
be
grieued
(
thinking
sorrowes
vnsufferable
,
which
patience
teacheth
vs
to
tollerate
)
are
in
this
opposition
:
and
such
likewise
as
cannot
beare
honours
and
prosperitie
with
moderation
(
but
become
insolent
without
measure
)
are
in
as
much
fault
or
more
.
Perseuerance
likewise
is
another
branch
of
fortitude
,
being
a
constant
,
perpetuall
,
and
considerate
apprehension
of
reason
conuersing
in
the
former
perfections
,
repressing
their
contraries
,
and
yoaking
them
to
discretion
:
for
without
constancie
&
equabilitie
(
which
is
the
geometricall
proportion
,
from
the
centre
to
the
iust
circumference
of
fortitude
)
no
man
can
be
called
truely
valiant
.
Lenitie
with
a
giddy
disposition
of
humane
affaires
withstandeth
it
:
this
either
through
effeminacie
doth
vnaduisedly
yeeld
it selfe
prisoner
to
troubles
,
and
cannot
indure
the
burthen
of
them
;
or
with
pertinacitie
(
when
reason
ought
to
change
it
)
doth
arrogantly
and
contumaciously
persist
in
a
friuolous
opinion
:
and
so
much
for
the
morall
knowledge
of
Chieftaines
,
fit
for
euery
worthy
souldior
to
learne
and
exercise
.
Casar
extolleth
this
noble
gift
of
perseuerance
in
a
souldior
,
whereas
in
contrary
,
There
be
certaine
of
the
liberall
Sciences
likewise
most
needfull
,
towardes
the
knowledge
of
all
martiall
Gouernours
:
namely
,
the
studies
of
Arithmetick
and
Geometrie
.
The
first
intreateth
of
discreet
numbers
,
and
quantities
very
behoofull
for
a
Captaine
;
and
so
requisite
,
as
no
merchants
or
treasurers
of
Princes
can
in
their
places
haue
more
vse
of
supputation
then
this
required
in
a
martiall
Leader
.
It
is
that
art
which
Pithagoras
(
more
then
all
other
Philosophers
)
wondered
at
so
much
,
placing
it
in
the
minde
of
the
mightiest
God
,
when
he
fitted
himselfe
first
to
the
structure
of
those
miraculous
and
incomprehensible
workes
in
the
creation
of
heauen
and
earth
:
he
did
verily
beleeue
and
confirmed
men
in
that
his
opinion
;
how
all
creatures
were
made
of
numbers
,
shewing
many
strange
things
by
mysticall
and
hidden
arts
,
which
consisted
vpon
th'
accrescence
and
decrescence
of
numbers
.
Our
fathers
thought
that
,
onely
man
(
all
other
creatures
excepted
)
was
capable
of
number
,
for
that
he
was
wisest
of
all
.
This
art
consisteth
in
conference
of
paritie
with
imparitie
,
in
euen
and
odde
,
the
numbers
either
equall
or
vnequall
together
,
or
equall
by
separation
,
also
superfluous
deminished
and
perfect
.
And
so
much
least
I
be
too
tedious
,
seruing
for
the
most
present
and
perfect
instruction
of
battels
,
by
addition
,
substraction
,
and
diminution
of
souldiors
for
seuerall
formes
:
how
many
drawne
out
of
thus
many
rank●…s
in
fyle
of
a
square
battell
of
2000.
will
by
proportion
fashion
a
crescent
:
how
many
superadded
to
that
battell
again
wil
make
a
Cilinder
;
euery
battell
answering
to
the
most
aduantage
against
his
enemies
battels
,
as
they
shal
be
skilfully
formed
and
instructed
vpon
the
sodaine
for
all
aduantages
.
But
hereof
I
spake
somewhat
in
my
second
Booke
;
referring
my selfe
with
the
rest
to
Livy
,
Caesar
,
Thucydides
,
Polibius
,
Plutarch
,
Euclides
,
Vegetius
,
Frontinus
,
with
such
others
as
learnedly
can
explaine
and
discourse
of
these
with
sound
iudgement
,
and
better
experience
more
at
large
.
Geometrie
likewise
ordereth
and
proportioneth
formes
,
bodyes
,
and
their
dimensions
by
discreet
lines
:
out
of
lines
,
the
superficies
or
outward
faces
;
and
from
them
these
bodies
which
are
called
cubes
.
This
art
by
measuring
of
heauen
and
earth
,
leaueth
nothing
vnsearched
which
humane
reason
can
apprehend
in
that
facultie
:
to
this
art
are
referred
all
linearie
demonstrations
,
the
coherence
or
knitting
together
of
elements
,
whether
trianguler
,
quadranguler
,
multanguler
,
or
aspiring
in
piramidicall
fashion
.
Hence
was
it
that
the
Egyptians
did
reuerence
as
diuine
idols
,
the
formes
of
Cubes
and
Circles
,
in
their
superstitious
ceremonies
performed
to
those
profane
gods
Osiris
and
Isis.
Moreouer
Plato
caused
this
inscription
to
be
set
vpon
the
gate
of
that
Academie
where
he
professed
:
that
,
No
man
ignorant
of
Geometrie
should
enter
therein
.
And
in
all
the
best
and
ancientest
Schooles
of
the
Greekes
and
Romanes
the
nobler
sort
of
youth
and
children
after
their
first
milke
weare
studiously
taught
in
the
science
of
Arithmeticke
and
Geometrie
,
by
which
the
learned
fathers
of
former
ages
did
illustrate
and
giue
light
to
all
most
difficult
obscurities
and
hidden
reasons
of
causes
:
for
by
considering
how
this
art
doth
from
a
point
or
centre
being
indivisible
,
extend
and
draw
foorth
lines
circumferent
,
bowing
,
iacent
,
perpendiculer
,
oblique
,
and
equall
in
angles
;
narrow
,
large
,
trilaterall
,
quadrilaterall
,
multilaterall
,
and
in
them
equilaterall
:
right
angles
,
blunt
angles
,
sharpe
angles
,
and
such
as
extend
more
on
one
side
then
from
another
,
with
Rhombus
,
Rhomboydes
,
Piramides
,
Spheres
,
and
other
strange
formes
in
diuers
analogies
.
They
did
finde
how
needfully
this
art
served
in
fit
proportion
of
harmonie
,
for
vniting
,
fashioning
and
ordering
of
all
sorts
of
battels
,
squares
,
squadrons
,
wings
cornets
and
such
like
;
as
in
rearing
,
deuising
,
working
,
measuring
,
digging
and
fashioning
bulwarkes
,
engines
,
vnderminings
,
trenches
,
ditches
:
likewise
for
the
raysing
,
leuelling
and
squaring
of
rampiers
,
rauelings
,
casa●…ates
,
and
other
necessarie
plats
and
defences
against
enemies
,
with
all
sort
of
Instruments
and
engines
appertaining
warre
which
are
infinite
,
being
so
behoofull
for
the
knowledge
of
a
Generall
,
as
without
it
I
doubt
whether
warre
may
bee
called
an
art
:
for
it
equalleth
such
members
as
are
like
in
proportion
&
harmonious
consent
with
members
vnlike
,
making
a
concord
out
of
discordes
.
But
least
(
I
search
too
faire
into
the
concealed
treasure
of
hidden
Phylosophy
,
wherein
I
might
either
vnhappily
showe
some
token
of
arrogancie
,
or
rather
of
hierogliphicall
mysteries
,
and
other
rare
apprehensions
of
sage
Phylosophers
,
exceeding
the
precincts
of
my
weake
reason
&
capacitie
,
wronging
some
sciences
of
which
I
cannot
skill
)
here
will
I
set
vp
my
rest
vnder
pardon
:
onely
this
(
which
many
wise
and
will
experienced
souldiors
,
and
others
of
sound
wisedome
approue
)
it
should
be
required
in
a
Generall
to
be
so
studious
in
these
professions
,
that
by
much
practise
and
paines
he
may
deuise
new
formes
of
embattailing
,
fighting
,
eskairmouching
,
strange
kindes
of
curious
retiring
,
and
vnexpected
meanes
of
distressing
his
enemies
by
noble
stratagems
newely
stamped
,
&
neuer
heard
of
before
.
And
albeit
(
according
to
Clitarchus
)
audaciousnesse
is
an
excesse
beyond
the
measure
of
humane
strength
and
reason
;
yet
he
which
prudently
respecteth
his
owne
ende
,
will
vpon
honorable
grounds
voluntarily
pursue
perils
,
as
I
said
before
.
If
therefore
the
Generall
would
haue
his
souldiors
ambitious
of
honour
,
and
victorie
,
he
must
worke
out
their
resolution
,
and
with
vertuous
example
in
himselfe
apparant
encourage
their
actions
.
For
if
he
will
industriously
consider
,
and
declare
his
true
force
(
which
is
in
most
high
reputation
fixed
)
he
shall
finde
it
very
possible
for
him
to
infuse
power
sufficient
to
his
soldiers
,
for
performance
of
any
reasonable
action
in
their
charge
,
working
first
confidence
in
them
,
which
onely
proceedeth
from
good
militarie
discipline
:
let
him
therfore
with
great
grace
and
wisedome
endeuour
to
make
his
name
and
honor
,
reuerende
,
and
precious
throughout
his
whole
armies
,
which
he
shall
purchase
as
(
I
say
before
)
by
mingling
of
charitie
with
discipline
;
as
in
taking
care
that
he
surbate
not
his
footemen
with
long
and
grieuous
hard
marches
,
forsomuch
as
warriors
of
best
iudgement
and
experience
haue
alwayes
esteemed
them
more
seruiceable
then
the
horse
:
which
hath
beene
found
aswell
amongst
the
battels
of
the
Greekes
and
Romanes
,
as
in
ours
of
these
later
times
in
Christendome
:
for
vpon
vrgent
causes
it
may
bee
that
by
fast
troupes
and
marches
or
with
long
fight
and
escairmouches
they
may
become
wearie
:
whereupon
it
will
be
most
conuenient
to
relieue
them
with
the
horses
of
those
Caualliers
that
ride
,
the
whiles
they
for
their
more
ease
in
contrary
refresh
themselues
with
marching
on
foote
in
their
places
interchangeably
as
the
Romanes
Ad
lacum
regi●…lum
,
did
in
their
warres
against
the
Latines
,
and
by
that
means
attayned
victorie
:
for
the
footmen
are
apt
and
readie
for
any
straitor
sinuous
place
into
which
their
horses
cannot
haue
passage
:
they
can
also
stretch
forth
and
straiten
their
ranckes
,
which
vpon
a
necessitie
they
can
breake
againe
,
reducing
themselues
into
forme
and
order
forth
with
as
place
and
space
shall
serue
them
:
whereas
horsemen
being
once
broken
remaine
long
confused
.
And
as
there
is
a
difference
in
comparison
of
men
valiant
and
well
disciplined
with
weake
and
faint
hearted
souldiers
;
so
likewise
fareth●…
amongst
horses
;
some
full
of
stomach
and
courage
,
others
reastie
,
dull
and
stubbore
:
but
the
souldiers
being
all
of
them
participant
,
or
capable
of
reason
may
be
brought
into
forme
,
and
kept
in
order
when
horses
cannot
,
for
diuers
inconueniences
impending
.
Also
cowards
may
ride
vpon
bold
and
seruiceable
horses
;
whereas
men
of
valour
vnhappelie
may
bee
mounted
vpon
i●…des
;
and
this
is
daungerous
:
for
by
such
meanes
he
which
is
well
mounted
,
may
draw
backe
in
feare
,
and
he
which
would
aduance
forth
and
declare
some
heroicall
tokens
of
his
princely
spirit
and
courage
cannot
possibly
stirre
vp
courage
in
his
iade
:
then
which
at
such
a
time
I
would
not
wish
a
more
heart
breaking
plague
to
my
valiant
enemie
.
Lucullus
with
a
small
battell
of
foote
ouerthrew
40000.
horsemen
of
Tigranes
;
whereof
diuers
were
cataphracts
,
which
as
me
seemeth
happened
more
by
default
of
the
beasts
,
than
of
the
riders
,
though
both
miscarried
:
and
yet
want
of
skill
and
iudgement
in
the
rider
is
the
next
fault
(
in
my
iudgement
)
to
cowardice
.
The
fauteries
there
of
being
in
principal
place
of
seruice
are
to
be
cheerefully
cherished
and
disciplined
aboue
others
.
There
is
also
required
in
the
Generall
,
one
speciall
point
towards
the
corroboration
of
his
souldiers
hearts
.
First
to
shew
religion
in
the
obseruing
and
performing
articles
and
promises
:
secondly
that
vpon
the
point
of
seruice
he
declare
vnto
his
souldiers
in
honest
and
familiar
wordes
of
comfort
,
the
readiest
and
easiest
meanes
of
victorie
,
wherein
it
behoueth
him
to
conceale
all
impediments
;
or
(
if
they
be
pregnant
)
then
to
extenuate
them
by
some
cheerefull
and
ingeniou
excuse
,
which
hath
in
it
a
strong
taste
of
a
true
fortitude
.
These
with
some
other
heads
,
such
as
before
and
after
are
expressed
(
as
occasion
offereth
)
will
generally
renowne
the
Generall
,
and
further
the
victorie
.
There
are
some
souldiers
which
haue
a
vertuous
boldnesse
and
ferocitie
mixt
with
martiall
instruction
and
seueritie
,
from
which
skill
and
perfection
that
fiercenesse
and
confidence
in
the
souldier
is
vttered
:
the
like
was
in
those
ancient
Romane
armies
,
when
they
by
such
auspicious
meanes
,
came
home
vnder
their
victorious
ensignes
,
alwayes
loaden
with
rich
spoyles
&
triumphs
.
There
is
another
kind
of
extreame
ferocitie
brazed
with
boldnesse
,
void
of
all
skilfull
discipline
in
war
,
&
such
in
that
age
of
the
Romane
Monarchie
C●…sar
with
Tacitus
and
Liuie
haue
noted
in
the
nature
&
battels
of
the
Galles
,
being
merely
foolish
and
vnprofitable
.
The
third
sort
is
of
those
which
are
not
possessed
either
of
order
,
discipline
,
or
authority
;
of
that
kinde
are
those
Indians
at
this
day
,
which
answere
in
subiection
to
the
King
of
Castille
:
for
it
were
impossible
that
armies
of
such
catiue
condition
(
vnlesse
their
enemies
turne
face
without
cause
)
should
euer
beare
away
victorie
.
This
weakenesse
in
souldiers
proceedeth
from
pusillanimitie
,
being
a
base
abiection
of
the
mind
,
or
a
foolish
and
faint
de●…ection
of
the
will
in
●…ying
from
honourable
courses
and
attempts
;
but
of
this
I
will
speake
more
at
large
intreating
of
militarie
discipline
,
which
specially
proceedeth
from
the
prudence
and
true
force
of
a
Generall
,
and
is
peculia●…
to
men
indeed
subsisting
and
composed
of
reason
intirely
;
by
vertue
whereof
Lions
and
Elephants
are
tamed
and
fettered
in
the
wildernesse
,
which
bridleth
&
abateth
the
fierie
stomaches
of
stubborne
horses
,
which
measureth
the
the
circumference
of
heauen
and
earth
with
their
orbes
.
Such
a
force
best
befitteth
Hercules
,
and
in
this
force
are
humane
labours
nourished
.
This
teacheth
a
Generall
what
the
state
and
condition
of
his
enemies
,
and
how
to
catch
them
:
which
Epaminondas
the
Thebane
reputed
the
greatest
honour
in
a
captaine
,
by
winning
prenotion
of
the
deliberations
,
counsels
and
resolutions
of
aduersaries
,
and
being
most
hard
and
difficult
,
requireth
deepe
iudgement
with
high
wisedome
in
him
that
beareth
it
:
and
not
of
their
counsels
onely
,
but
of
their
actions
also
which
fathome
deepe
into
the
apprehension
of
reason
;
considering
it
did
many
times
happen
that
in
a
battell
which
hath
continued
a
great
part
of
the
night
,
the
victor
thought
himselfe
vanquished
,
and
he
that
was
defeated
misdeemed
that
he
was
conquerour
:
whereupon
counsels
infued
most
pernicious
to
them
that
consulted
,
as
it
happened
vnto
Brutus
&
Cassius
in
the
like
case
;
these
did
not
looke
vnto
th'
euent
of
their
battell
before
it
came
to
triall
:
for
Cassius
misconceiuing
that
Brutus
had
beene
ouerthrowne
,
and
put
to
flight
with
his
whole
regiment
(
who
then
was
vndoubtedly
sure
of
victorie
)
desperately
broached
his
breast
vpon
his
owne
sword
.
By
the
inestimable
benefit
of
this
reason
,
which
deepely
groundeth
it selfe
in
knowledge
and
continuall
search
of
hidden
treasures
,
the
Generall
becommeth
iust
,
skilfull
and
industrious
:
in
it
are
rooted
all
his
present
resolutions
which
happen
vpon
extremities
during
the
fight
,
and
seasoned
with
that
good
fortune
,
with
that
prudent
and
quicke
apprehension
,
which
like
the
sudden
flash
of
a
lightning
,
not
so
quicke
as
diuine
giueth
a
sweete
fire
to
the
true
touch
of
his
reason
;
when
mature
deliberations
want
space
of
admittance
,
and
onely
fortunate
executions
are
importuned
and
instantly
.
From
this
florisheth
out
his
diligence
,
patience
,
prudence
,
mildnesse
,
sternenesse
,
subtiltie
,
simplicitie
,
warinesse
,
promptnesse
,
liberalitie
,
with
many
more
branches
of
true
vertue
springing
together
,
out
of
that
one
most
bountifull
roote
.
This
also
teacheth
him
his
knowledge
concerning
the
i●…structions
of
battels
of
all
fashions
;
for
euen
as
stones
,
tiles
,
beames
,
and
rafters
of
woode
are
by
good
order
and
disposition
of
the
workeman
,
knit
,
confirmed
and
kept
from
putrifaction
,
in
such
case
are
armies
.
By
this
is
he
taught
boldnesse
against
enemies
,
fauour
towards
friendes
,
and
reason
with
counsell
in
oppo●…tunitie
.
This
maketh
a
wise
Captaine
to
meditate
with
Philopoemon
Prince
of
the
Achaeans
,
who
did
exercise
himselfe
in
warlike
practise
,
specially
when
nothing
but
peace
was
present
and
round
about
him
.
And
this
caused
Ephicrates
to
raise
a
rampier
composed
with
a
vaste
moate
,
when
no
daunger
or
enemie
could
be
feared
,
saying
that
it
was
a
disgracefull
thing
in
a
Generall
(
when
neede
should
suddenly
require
a
defence
)
to
say
,
these
accidents
which
are
,
were
not
premeditated
.
But
amongst
all
noble
exercises
in
times
peaceable
(
of
most
profit
,
pleasure
,
and
honour
,
and
seemely
befitting
a
prince
)
the
knowledge
of
places
and
countries
is
most
requisite
,
which
cheifly
and
most
readily
is
got
by
practise
of
hunting
:
for
in
following
of
the
wilde
bore
,
the
stagge
,
the
foxe
,
the
hare
and
such
like
beasts
of
game
,
certaine
martiall
accidents
are
resembled
in
many
things
,
according
as
Xenophon
in
the
life
of
Cyrus
(
at
that
time
when
hee
should
hauel
euied
forces
against
the
king
of
Armenia
)
describeth
him
,
reasoning
and
arguing
with
his
companions
of
that
seruice
which
hee
was
to
performe
,
and
of
all
things
accommodated
thereunto
;
by
resembling
of
them
which
take
refuge
vpon
the
mountaines
,
to
those
that
pitched
toyles
&
snares
for
wilde
beastes
,
comparing
them
that
eskairmouched
vpon
the
plaines
,
with
those
which
rouzed
the
game
from
their
dennes
or
formes
,
driuing
them
vnto
those
nets
,
&
with
such
like
resemblance
of
that
partie
.
Besides
,
that
the
perfect
knowledge
of
countries
,
fennes
,
marshes
,
and
riuers
,
for
marching
,
incamping
,
wading
,
fortifying
,
imbattelling
,
and
such
like
by
such
practise
of
hunting
,
shall
be
with
sport
and
in
short
time
attained
:
also
the
benefit
happening
to
their
bodies
in
confirming
of
their
strength
and
health
which
vse
it
.
For
by
this
countries
Topographie
,
a
perfit
knowledge
and
discretion
(
of
the
nature
,
condition
and
soyle
of
other
countries
)
is
attained
with
facilitie
:
for
all
regions
haue
some
resemblance
one
of
another
.
In
such
sort
Salust
(
writing
somewhat
concerning
the
exercise
which
Iugurth
did
vse
)
commendeth
him
after
a
fashion
for
his
exercise
of
hunting
in
these
words
;
Non
se
luxui
nequè
inertiae
corrumpendūdedit
sed
(
vti
mos
gentis
illius
est
)
equitare
,
iaculari
,
cursu
cum
aequalibus
certare
:
&
cum
omnes
gloria
antecelleret
omnibus
tamen
charus
esse
.
Ad
hoc
pleraque
tempora
in
venando
agere
,
leonem
atque
ali●…
feras
primus
aut
imprimis
ferire
,
plurimum
facere
,
&
minimum
ipse
de
se
loqui
:
He
did
not
giue
himselfe
ouer
to
be
corrupted
with
lust
or
sluggishnesse
,
but
as
the
fashion
is
of
that
countrie
,
to
ride
,
to
shoote
,
to
runne
in
race
with
his
equals
,
and
albeit
he
did
exceed
all
of
them
in
glorie
,
yet
euery
one
of
them
did
loue
him
.
Moreouer
he
bestowed
much
time
in
hunting
,
he
would
be
the
first
man
or
the
surest
man
which
gored
,
wounded
,
or
paunched
the
Lion
and
other
wild
beasts
:
his
fashion
was
to
do
very
much
,
&
to
make
small
brags
of
it
.
In
which
generous
exercise
&
recreation
of
hunting
,
your
highnesse
(
soone
after
your
first
milke
in
the
tendernesse
of
your
gracious
spring
)
industriously
&
to
great
good
end
delighted
hauing
proposed
it
as
a
recreation
destined
to
most
noble
and
heroicall
purposes
,
when
time
and
occasion
should
summon
your
mightinesse
,
to
make
specious
demonstration
thereof
.
And
that
care
and
wisedome
is
exceeding
great
,
which
answereth
to
the
choosing
of
a
Generall
;
aswell
for
his
reason
experience
,
and
valour
,
as
for
his
bodilie
strength
and
agilitie
:
for
that
cause
the
people
of
Rome
(
hauing
decreed
by
the
consent
of
the
Senate
,
to
moue
warre
against
any
Nation
)
made
choise
of
their
Generals
and
Dictators
out
of
the
prudentest
Consuls
:
vnto
whom
they
graunted
a
large
Commission
to
deale
in
all
causes
(
concerning
the
seruice
in
their
trust
)
according
to
their
sound
discretions
.
And
verely
(
whereas
both
the
life
and
honor
of
peace
and
warre
resteth
in
his
person
)
the
wise
iudgement
of
a
Prince
(
as
I
thinke
)
cannot
bee
so
certainly
in
substitution
and
deputation
of
any
vicegerent
or
seruaunt
whatsoeuer
,
as
in
the
prudent
election
of
a
Generall
.
For
certainely
those
noble
parts
and
perfections
(
which
are
needfully
required
in
him
)
stand
in
more
force
and
valour
of
all
inferiour
souldiers
vnder
him
:
as
Philip
great
Alexanders
father
said
,
That
a
battell
of
Lyons
which
were
gouerned
by
a
Stagge
,
could
not
be
so
good
as
an
hoast
of
stagges
vnder
the
conduct
of
a
Lyon
:
for
of
Cowards
(
hauing
able
bodies
)
a
gallant
Generall
may
with
some
conuenient
paines
and
good
discipline
make
victorious
warriours
;
as
Epaminondas
and
Pelopidas
did
of
the
Thebanes
,
by
whom
they
were
enfranchised
from
the
Spartans
;
and
albeit
in
regard
of
their
long
slauerie
some
deemed
them
vnfit
for
militarie
seruice
,
yet
did
these
Captaines
so
labour
in
disciplyning
of
them
,
as
they
did
proue
soone
after
able
,
and
vanquishers
ouer
them
,
that
so
tyrannized
ouer
them
before
.
In
honour
of
which
nation
,
and
vpon
their
good
successe
it
was
written
,
how
not
onely
the
Lacedemonians
but
euen
all
other
sorts
of
people
would
become
gallant
fellowes
and
victorious
through
good
martiall
instruction
&
practise
,
which
ought
to
proceed
at
all
times
both
in
peace
and
warre
.
For
men
which
are
skilfull
in
the
practise
and
exercise
of
Armes
,
will
not
stand
in
awe
of
their
enemies
,
because
no
man
feareth
to
doe
that
,
wherein
he
knoweth
himselfe
skilfully
practized
.
It
is
also
common
in
nature
,
that
in
laudable
qualities
(
especially
where
multitudes
may
be
witnesses
of
their
excellent
readinesse
and
resolution
)
men
loftily
will
performe
the
parts
of
their
cunning
with
great
hope
,
whereas
the
rude
and
vnexercised
souldior
is
like
a
sheepe
exposed
to
slaughter
.
Hence
is
it
that
Vegetius
sayeth
,
that
vse
in
warre
auaileth
more
then
s●…ength
and
armour
.
Disce
milis
are
miles
,
Galba
est
,
non
Getulicus
▪
which
kinde
of
austeritie
was
no
small
honor
to
the
noble
Anniball
,
in
exercising
&
instructing
of
his
soldiers
:
whom
Liuy
discribeth
the
worthy
patterne
of
a
right
renouned
Generall
,
to
this
effect
.
Anniball
serued
vnder
Asdruball
in
the
warres
three
yeeres
,
and
there
liued
not
a
man
whom
Asdruball
so
much
desired
,
for
his
worth
to
beare
command
vnder
him
in
martiall
affaires
,
if
any
thing
valorous
&
of
force
was
to
be
put
in
execution
:
neither
would
the
souldiers
of
his
armies
credite
any
man
so
soone
,
or
shewe
such
excellent
courage
vnder
any
Captaine
,
as
at
his
command
.
He
was
very
bold
in
giuing
charge
vpon
perils
,
very
wise
,
and
full
of
reaching
consultation
if
he
were
distressed
,
in
danger
most
patient
and
indefatigable
,
contemning
paines
and
trauels
,
of
courage
vndaunted
,
carelesse
of
extreame
heate
or
cold
,
temperate
in
diet
,
moderate
in
sleepe
,
vigilant
and
vsing
his
body
to
lodge
hardly
,
many
times
hath
he
beene
found
laid
vpon
the
cold
ground
couered
with
his
mantle
,
which
he
did
vsually
weare
amongst
his
watches
and
Centrenells
,
or
at
his
corps
dugard
.
In
any
seruice
vpon
horseback
,
or
foot
,
he
was
the
first
that
gaue
charge
,
and
last
that
left
the
field
:
yet
as
there
are
not
any
vertues
of
such
excellencie
but
are
accompained
,
with
some
vices
,
so
was
he
possessed
of
some
souldier-like
faults
.
Thus
farre
in
effect
Liuie
,
wherein
behold
the
true
description
of
a
right
carefull
and
noble
Generall
seruing
for
a
copie
to
the
best
Captaines
that
euer
did
or
shall
succeed
him
.
I
will
adde
hereunto
,
because
it
is
memorable
one
example
of
discipline
in
a
Geneall
,
which
Liuie
likewise
recordeth
.
Titus
Manlius
being
Consull
,
and
Leiutenant
Generall
of
the
Romane
forces
against
the
Latines
,
when
his
owne
sonne
had
aduaunced
forth
(
albeit
vpon
most
honourable
termes
)
in
single
duell
to
combat
with
a
daring
Latine
,
whom
hee
most
valorously
vanquished
,
vpon
which
combat
th●…
victories
of
either
armies
for
safegard
of
their
souldiers
liues
were
mutually
wagered
;
yet
for
breaking
of
his
ranke
to
set
forward
to
performe
the
challenge
,
and
because
he
did
not
first
aske
leaue
of
the
Consull
,
contrarie
to
the
prescribed
ancient
forme
of
the
Romane
discipline
,
in
the
presence
of
the
noble
armie
caused
his
head
exemplarily
to
be
strooke
off
;
a
●…euere
or
violent
reward
of
his
honour
:
and
Decius
the
other
Consull
according
to
the
religious
custome
of
the
Romanes
in
some
extreamities
obserued
,
after
the
performance
of
certain
ceremonies
which
may
be
read
in
Liuy
,
did
(
by
rushing
alone
on
horsebacke
at
the
full
speede
with
all
violence
amongst
the
Latines
a
good
space
before
the
battels
ioyned
)
voluntarily
sacrifice
himselfe
to
the
infernals
,
for
the
whole
armies
safetie
:
the
Latines
were
in
such
●…ort
appalled
,
and
his
fellow
souldiers
encouraged
at
this
his
so
confident
and
noble
resolution
,
that
they
became
lordes
of
the
field
thereupon
:
I
will
hereunto
knit
one
other
example
,
Papyrius
the
Dictator
gaue
expresse
commandement
against
Fabius
Rutilius
Generall
of
the
Romane
horse
(
who
with
good
successe
and
great
valour
had
encountred
,
and
ouerthrowne
diue●…s
troupes
of
the
enemies
)
to
be
beaten
with
rods
;
a
strange
and
ignominious
punishment
worse
then
death
,
denounced
against
so
noble
a
souldier
,
onely
because
he
tooke
not
aduise
and
direction
of
the
great
magistrate
,
when
,
where
,
and
in
what
sort
to
giue
charge
:
howbeit
Rutilius
seeking
to
stop
the
shame
of
that
punishment
,
by
secret
meanes
escaped
to
Rome
,
whom
the
vehement
dictator
pursued
in
such
furie
,
that
(
vntill
not
onely
Rutilius
had
vpon
both
his
knees
besought
pardon
for
the
same
,
and
that
the
whole
Senate
and
people
of
Rome
had
inexorably
mediated
for
him
)
the
seuere
Dictator
could
not
be
mooued
to
repeale
the
sentence
and
execution
,
but
would
haue
had
his
head
cut
off
also
.
Another
kinde
of
discipline
is
semblably
requisite
against
captaines
and
fellowes
in
armes
which
is
for
a
certaine
vaine
stubbornnesse
and
proud
emulation
in
them
being
very
daungerous
to
the
present
state
and
seruice
in
hand
:
this
ought
with
great
care
&
seueritie
to
be
searched
and
reformed
,
by
the
example
of
Sergius
and
Verginius
,
when
they
did
assiege
the
Veyans
;
Sergius
holding
his
quarter
vpon
one
side
of
the
citie
,
and
Verginius
vpon
the
other
,
it
happened
that
Sergius
(
vpon
some
aduantage
found
)
was
suddenly
charged
by
the
Phaliscians
,
taking
in
high
scorne
,
though
his
forces
were
much
weaker
to
requireaideo
.
Verginius
,
hereupon
being
forced
to
flie
with
disgrace
(
though
he
might
with
very
good
ease
haue
rescued
and
repaired
his
honor
)
yet
would
not
Verginius
sucour
him
,
vnlesse
Sergius
had
first
humbly
required
and
sued
vnto
him
for
it
;
which
fault
few
wise
princes
or
Generals
,
but
would
haue
punished
with
death
:
howbeit
the
Senate
(
which
sustained
the
most
losse
)
onely
fined
them
with
a
pecuniary
mulct
,
prudently
foreseeing
,
that
such
as
had
armies
in
charge
,
ought
to
be
enfranchised
from
all
feare
,
and
to
draw
the
counsels
of
all
their
actions
from
the
principals
and
heads
of
occasions
.
Hauing
partly
touched
the
discipline
concerning
captaines
and
souldiers
,
it
we●…
requisite
that
I
declared
the
formes
of
disposing
,
arraying
and
embattelling
souldiers
;
but
forsomuch
as
neither
my
knowledge
in
that
art
is
so
sure
as
I
dare
aduent●…
vpon
it
,
neither
if
I
could
,
would
it
be
needfull
considering
euery
priuate
captaines
studies
,
and
at
that
art
,
which
I
by
mistaking
though
in
a
particle
,
might
worthily
be
reprehended
of
arrogant
folly
,
I
will
here
in
forbeare
,
onely
wishing
a
darefull
ingenious
and
industrious
practise
of
that
skill
in
euery
priuate
captaine
and
able
gentleman
of
honour
,
aswell
in
times
of
peace
as
of
w●…re
:
and
because
I
haue
heard
it
somtimes
commended
by
c●…taine
wise
&
expert
souldiers
,
as
thesure
ground
and
true
plan●…
of
all
excellent
embattaile
,
I
will
set
downe
according
to
Liuie
the
true
forme
of
the
Romane
hoasts
as
they
were
ordered
for
present
fight
,
and
diuided
into
battels
.
The
first
was
composed
of
gallant
Romane
youthes
in
space
of
ran●…ks
and
files
indifferently
distant
,
and
armed
with
pikes
:
the
second
battell
equall
and
like
the
first
,
sauing
that
the
spaces
betwixt
them
in
ran●…ks
and
files
were
more
large
;
these
men
were
of
ripe
age
and
fir●…e
strength
,
whom
they
called
principals
:
the
third
and
last
battell
in
the
●…eare
contained
so
many
men
as
both
the
former
,
consisting
of
well
approued
veteranes
and
tried
souldiers
,
whom
they
called
Triarij
;
these
likewise
tooke
larger
space
in
ran●…ks
and
files
,
then
either
the
first
or
second
,
being
so
fashioned
,
that
one
battelle
might
for
more
strength
and
aduantage
draw
it selfe
into
another
,
when
oddes
or
any
necessitie
did
constraine
,
without
disorder
or
confusion
:
to
each
of
which
three
battels
were
assigned
certaine
cornets
of
horse
,
which
like
winges
guarded
the
right
and
left
flancke
of
each
battell
;
onely
the
first
battell
of
pikes
standing
nearer
then
the
rest
in
ranckes
and
files
(
as
our
battels
of
forelorne
hope
at
this
day
)
were
so
perfectly
taught
and
instructed
,
that
they
might
the
better
endure
the
first
brunt
or
charge
when
it
should
come
to
their
turne
for
fight
;
the
second
battell
of
those
principals
and
strong
men
which
followed
,
being
larger
in
space
to
receiue
the
pikes
vpon
occasion
by
retire
,
and
the
Triarij
so
large
as
would
admit
them
both
vpon
necessitie
to
their
ranckes
without
confusion
:
but
when
the
Triarij
haue
both
receiued
the
pikes
and
principals
into
their
battels
,
then
they
forthwith
close
their
ranckes
and
with
most
resolute
and
victorious
courage
endure
and
surrechardge
vpon
their
enemies
in
a
terrible
fashion
;
which
finding
a
new
battell
stronger
and
more
puisant
then
both
the
first
(
vniting
them
that
were
driuen
backe
)
are
frustrated
of
all
hope
and
courage
.
And
this
in
my
iudgement
must
of
necessitie
be
both
sure
and
honourable
,
when
the
whole
force
is
not
ventured
at
the
first
,
but
hath
meanes
(
if
neede
require
)
left
for
a
succour
when
two
charges
are
already
passed
.
Now
for
asmuch
as
it
behoueth
to
reason
a
little
of
martiall
stratagems
seruing
for
campe
or
any
place
fortified
,
I
will
take
occasion
in
this
place
to
discourse
somewhat
.
Subtilties
though
in
priuate
actions
they
be
detestable
,
yet
are
in
militarie
seruices
very
commendable
,
and
commonly
more
worthied
then
open
force
is
against
enemies
:
howbeit
fraud
in
the
violation
of
faith
or
breach
of
conditions
(
amongst
men
in
armes
)
is
excepted
.
For
these
dishonesties
,
may
percase
augment
Empire
with
assured
losse
of
honour
much
more
precious
.
The
subtilties
of
which
I
speake
,
are
the
substance
of
stratagems
by
subduing
of
professed
enemies
,
and
by
diffidence
had
of
their
opposits
:
such
(
as
for
instance
)
Anniball
ad
lacum
Perusinum
vsed
by
turning
face
from
the
Romanes
his
enemies
,
that
the
Consull
and
his
hoast
by
pursute
,
might
be
brought
into
places
full
of
danger
.
And
hereupon
note
by
the
way
,
that
if
thine
aduersarie
turne
his
backe
towards
you
,
pursue
not
in
further
heat
and
greedinesse
of
victorie
,
but
rather
according
to
the
Prouerbe
,
Make
him
a
siluer
bridge
to
be
gone
:
least
being
constrained
to
fight
vpon
necessitie
they
become
desperate
,
of
which
there
is
infinite
example
of
diuers
being
pursued
after
the
fight
,
which
haue
vpon
that
example
finished
in
much
effusion
of
blood
,
and
victorious
conquest
had
of
them
that
followed
.
Souldiors
therefore
should
neither
be
too
slowe
nor
hastie
,
but
keepe
a
prudent
moderation
;
which
temperature
will
guide
them
to
many
fortunate
aduantages
and
executions
:
least
that
be
verified
vpon
them
which
Iohn
Basilides
the
Rushian
Tyrant
spake
of
the
Moscouites
and
Polonians
:
that
these
were
too
forward
,
and
those
ouer
backward
,
which
hee
by
long
experience
found
in
his
armies
.
Another
excellent
example
of
lawfull
stratagem
in
the
Captaine
Annibal
to
secure
himselfe
and
his
armies
is
recorded
,
by
tying
matches
and
firebrands
to
the
hornes
of
cattell
driuing
them
by
night
a
contrary
way
,
to
misguide
his
enemies
,
that
in
the
meane
while
he
might
prouide
for
the
safe
allodgement
of
his
owne
forces
.
The
like
commendable
kinde
of
stratagem
,
Cymon
a
Captaine
of
the
Athenians
(
which
both
Plutarch
,
and
Diodorus
Siculus
record
)
Samnites
,
Portius
Cato
,
Miltiades
,
Themistocles
,
and
others
(
of
which
Thucydides
and
Diodorus
make
mention
)
but
these
shall
suffice
for
copie
.
There
is
yet
another
adiunct
of
wylinesse
sometimes
vsed
in
warre
,
which
resteth
in
taking
occasion
vpon
good
aduantages
to
fight
with
confederates
,
and
then
the
meane
to
worke
it
,
is
quarrelling
or
martially
moouing
against
some
other
friend
being
with
his
confederate
in
confederacie
;
so
that
he
must
be
forced
in
honesty
to
partake
and
breake
truce
with
him
that
cunningly
seeketh
it
,
he
giuing
the
first
signall
to
Battell
,
or
declare
himselfe
false
or
perfidious
towardes
his
friend
and
Client
.
Also
there
is
a
certaine
oblique
prudence
(
if
a
man
may
so
terme
it
)
of
another
nature
,
yet
not
vnlike
the
former
after
the
example
of
the
Campanians
;
which
(
sithence
their
exceeding
weaknes
would
not
otherwise
admit
,
but
that
they
must
necessarily
fall
into
the
danger
of
those
enemies
vpon
whom
they
breathed
defiance
)
presently
put
themselues
into
the
protection
of
some
mightie
prince
of
more
force
,
to
defend
them
and
their
liberties
:
and
this
rule
is
generally
certaine
that
such
people
(
as
stand
in
feare
of
oppression
or
tiranny
,
by
some
great
Prince
)
will
offer
&
send
voluntary
succors
with
any
comfort
to
the
best
of
their
power
,
to
some
other
more
puisant
prince
,
which
may
when
good
time
shal
serue
collaterally
protect
and
assist
them
in
their
extremities
against
all
violence
and
oppression
of
others
:
as
may
be
read
in
the
Romane
Hystories
of
the
Massilians
,
Rhodians
,
Hiero
king
of
Siracuse
,
Massinissa
,
Eumenes
with
others
,
which
had
in
the
same
case
aided
the
Romanes
in
their
warres
.
And
as
in
our
late
English
expeditions
Anno
1596.
and
in
Anno
1597.
was
sent
vnto
vs
by
the
States
of
base
Germanie
vpon
our
taking
of
Cales
accosting
Andalusia
;
and
towards
that
seruice
intended
but
vnfortunately
crossed
,
when
our
Generals
after
ominous
beginnings
reconducted
vs
to
the
Ilands
,
Tercaere
,
where
they
made
very
small
proofe
,
and
farre
short
in
fathome
of
their
expectation
.
What
I
haue
spoken
here
in
particular
respecting
the
office
of
a
Leiutenant
generall
,
may
serue
for
other
inferiour
Captaines
and
Officers
of
warre
also
:
Yet
considering
that
it
were
semblably
behoofull
for
me
to
declare
what
the
places
of
most
reputation
are
in
the
field
,
according
to
the
seruice
of
our
English
warres
;
the
brute
,
and
ioyous
rebounding
honour
of
which
battels
haue
formerly
sounded
aloud
from
their
drums
&
trumpets
in
the
most
flourishing
parts
of
Christendome
,
I
will
brieflly
touch
them
so
neere
in
the
sequell
as
I
can
gather
.
Next
vnto
the
L.
Leiutenant
Generall
,
which
absolutely
representeth
and
vseth
(
for
the
time
)
the
person
and
dignities
of
the
Prince
are
these
principall
persons
of
honor
,
seruing
as
counsellors
and
assistants
immediate
and
vnder
his
Excellencie
.
The
first
place
is
assigned
to
the
Lord
Marischal
;
adioyning
him
the
Coronell
generall
of
foote
,
and
he
seconded
with
the
Coronell
generall
of
horse
;
ensuing
them
the
Captaine
or
Coronell
of
euery
Regiment
or
battell
:
after
these
the
Campe-master
,
next
him
the
master
of
the
Ordinance
:
successiuely
the
Treasurer
of
the
whole
hoast
;
and
lastly
the
Sergeant
maior
generall
in
field
:
these
be
principals
and
of
counsell
to
the
L.
Leiutenant
Generall
.
There
are
Offices
also
deputing
vnto
the
former
,
and
some
others
which
are
not
of
such
speciall
reputation
:
as
the
Leiutenant
to
the
Coronell
of
foote
,
Leiutenant
of
the
Coronell
of
horse
,
the
Prouost
Marischall
,
the
Muster-master
generall
,
the
Corporals
of
foote
and
horse
,
the
Sergeants
maiors
of
euery
battell
or
Regiment
,
the
Scout-master
,
the
Trench-master
,
the
forrage-master
,
the
prouant
master
,
the
captaine
of
the
carriages
,
&
the
captaine
of
the
Pyoners
;
most
of
which
are
in
office
and
degree
superior
to
priuate
captaines
of
Companies
.
The
Lord
high
Marischalls
office
(
vpon
which
the
whole
charge
of
an
Armie
dependeth
)
is
very
noble
,
and
commonly
taketh
the
second
place
of
honor
in
the
field
:
it
importeth
him
therefore
of
necessitie
to
know
through
what
manner
of
ground
the
whole
armie
must
passe
;
if
in
Champion
,
how
the
wayes
open
for
rancks
in
companyes
,
or
for
battels
;
if
in
vallyes
or
lanes
,
how
they
be
straitned
for
troupes
and
confused
marches
,
hauing
soundly
considered
of
all
meanes
which
may
giue
aduantage
against
the
enemie
,
by
marching
,
incamping
,
and
disposing
or
ordering
of
his
forces
,
noting
with
iudicious
and
well
experienced
obseruation
all
the
disabilities
which
his
enemies
must
haue
in
meeting
with
him
;
eskairmouching
or
giuing
present
charge
vpon
his
armies
,
here
,
there
,
or
in
any
place
in
his
way
with
such
meanes
as
may
be
deuised
how
to
redresse
and
recouer
them
from
all
dangers
and
disaduantages
of
land
,
hill
,
or
riuer
in
the
way
,
making
a
safe
and
sure
audite
of
the
best
&
worst
of
all
which
can
happen
,
prouiding
remedies
against
dangers
if
they
chaunce
,
and
redinesse
with
expedition
towards
the
imbracement
of
all
fortunate
occasions
.
In
him
likewise
is
required
perfectly
to
know
the
extreme
force
of
his
Prince
for
the
present
,
and
likewise
the
power
of
his
enemies
,
what
horse
,
what
foote
,
what
yong
,
what
old
instructed
souldiers
,
what
leaders
of
note
,
experience
,
and
valour
,
comparing
one
with
another
,
and
working
out
to
the
best
aduantage
,
the
renowne
of
his
Princes
armies
,
he
must
also
take
notice
of
the
strength
which
his
enemies
attaine
by
confederates
,
how
much
they
make
with
the
mercenaries
,
and
auxiliaries
of
others
:
hee
should
consider
and
conferre
by
iudicious
reading
,
the
warres
and
battels
of
his
Princes
Progenitors
and
Predecessors
,
wherefore
they
were
leuied
,
how
performed
and
fought
,
vpon
what
conditions
ordered
,
and
the
meanes
mouing
either
partie
to
the
taking
or
offering
of
those
Articles
,
with
such
speciall
instructions
,
as
I
partly
noted
before
in
the
Leiutenant
generall
.
When
therefore
he
knoweth
and
is
well
instructed
through
what
manner
of
ground
the
Armie
must
passe
,
then
he
presently
giueth
notice
and
warning
to
the
Coronells
of
horse
and
foot
,
in
what
formes
they
should
order
their
troupes
and
battels
,
for
their
more
present
and
commodious
passage
;
narrowly
respecting
that
euery
Commander
doe
with
diligence
respect
his
charge
,
without
intermeddling
further
in
matters
beyond
his
office
,
or
short
of
it
.
Hee
therefore
causeth
first
in
audi●…nce
of
the
whole
Armies
a
proclamation
to
be
made
,
aduertising
what
time
the
Lord
Lieutenant
Generall
purposeth
to
march
forward
into
the
field
,
that
they
may
sutably
be
prepared
:
and
the
same
day
that
his
excellencie
shall
set
forth
,
the
Lord
Marischals
trumpet
soundeth
and
giues
warning
of
a
remouall
;
after
him
all
other
trumpets
follow
,
that
vpon
the
third
flourish
,
euery
captaine
,
souldier
,
and
seruant
may
be
readie
to
performe
their
offices
in
each
degree
for
that
seruice
.
The
scoutmaster
therefore
is
first
set
forth
to
dispose
of
his
scurriers
for
espiall
,
that
he
may
for
the
armies
more
safety
certifie
,
whether
the
countrey
round
about
be
cleare
:
after
him
the
master
of
the
Ordinance
setteth
forward
with
his
Artillerie
furnished
of
all
needfull
instructions
,
for
the
dispatch
of
any
thing
which
resteth
in
his
charge
:
after
them
the
treasurer
seconded
with
the
prouaunt
master
with
victuall
:
and
lastly
the
carriages
which
by
directions
of
the
captaine
or
master
of
them
take
their
places
in
marching
.
When
these
offices
are
thus
fitted
,
and
that
the
Coronels
and
captaines
by
their
directions
haue
out
of
troupes
ordered
their
armies
,
then
the
Lord
Marischall
seeth
the
footmen
march
;
vpon
which
there
are
guides
attending
to
direct
them
in
the
sure
and
readiest
way
,
which
guides
the
Lord
Marischall
seeth
prouided
;
one
to
wait
vpon
the
Lord
Leiutenant
,
another
vpon
the
Coronel
of
foot
,
another
vpon
the
Coronell
of
horse
:
in
like
case
seuerall
guides
for
the
master
of
the
Ordinance
,
to
point
out
the
surest
and
most
conuenient
way
for
the
conuayance
of
his
Artillerie
:
for
the
master
of
the
carriages
one
,
for
the
Sergeant
maior
,
and
for
the
scoutmaster
attending
the
auaunt
curriers
each
of
them
one
.
This
being
orderly
disposed
,
there
are
(
by
the
Lord
Marischals
direction
to
the
captaine
of
the
pioners
)
a
certaine
number
of
labourers
attending
the
Ordinance
,
which
may
mend
the
wayes
for
the
better
passage
thereof
.
After
this
the
Lord
Marischall
taketh
with
him
certaine
of
his
horse
,
and
foote
to
view
the
ground
where
the
forces
should
lodge
or
encampe
.
Likewise
the
Campemaster
,
the
prouost
Marischall
,
and
harbinger
with
the
foure
quartermasters
,
when
he
shall
come
to
the
place
,
his
foresight
is
what
forrage
,
water
,
and
other
needements
for
the
armies
are
there
abouts
:
and
(
when
this
is
seene
into
)
the
Campe-master
,
with
the
prouost
marischall
quarter
out
the
ground
according
to
the
seuerall
regiments
,
making
the
middle
space
within
the
quarters
so
large
,
that
the
regiments
vpon
a
sudden
allarme
,
may
presently
meet
,
and
be
set
in
array
for
the
present
seruice
.
The
Marischall
also
noteth
what
number
shall
out
of
euery
priuat
companie
walke
the
round
,
and
keepe
centrenell
,
with
the
places
where
they
shall
abide
:
he
giueth
watch
word
which
the
clerke
of
the
watch
doth
write
by
his
direction
,
deliuering
to
euery
counsellor
of
the
field
,
to
the
scout-master
,
and
to
euery
priuate
captaine
a
note
thereof
:
if
the
L.
Marischall
see
cause
,
he
may
change
the
watch-word
at
his
pleasure
.
Hee
declareth
his
opinion
to
the
Leiutenant
vpon
any
enterprise
,
what
number
of
horse
and
foot
are
competent
therefore
that
they
may
be
by
the
Coronels
chosen
out
for
the
execution
of
any
designe
:
the
the
Lord
Leiutenant
giuing
direction
who
shall
haue
the
generall
charge
of
such
seruice
.
All
intelligence
brought
by
the
scurriers
or
pyoners
taken
in
espiall
or
neere
the
campe
,
are
first
brought
vnto
the
Lord
high
Marischall
and
by
him
made
knowen
vnto
the
Lord
Leiutenant
:
and
(
that
the
Lord
Marischall
may
be
the
readier
found
out
)
one
of
his
pages
beareth
before
him
a
corone●…
of
his
armes
or
deuise
.
It
resteth
in
his
iudgement
,
to
determine
of
all
prisoners
taken
;
which
are
forfeited
forthwith
vnto
him
,
if
they
(
that
surprise
them
)
do
not
presently
present
them
to
his
Lordship
,
which
likewise
are
punished
at
his
discretion
:
the
third
part
of
all
booties
got
,
is
his
by
right
of
that
office
.
He
likewise
prouideth
that
the
slaughters
of
beasts
and
other
easements
of
the
souldiers
be
not
made
to
the
annoyance
of
the
Campe
,
seeing
that
euery
souldier
pay
for
his
victuals
that
he
taketh
,
looking
that
all
such
prisoners
as
are
committed
to
the
Marischalsie
be
well
vsed
,
punishing
quarrellous
or
mutinous
persons
,
theeuish
souldiers
,
&
treasons
according
to
the
lawes
of
armes
in
that
case
prouided
:
which
are
(
by
direction
from
him
)
faire
written
in
articles
,
and
fixed
vpon
the
Marischalsies
gate
,
or
on
some
other
more
conspicuous
place
in
the
campe
or
quarter
,
so
that
they
may
be
generally
published
.
From
him
proceed
all
proclamations
by
voyce
of
Herauld
with
a
trumpet
in
the
Lord
Leiutenants
name
.
He
seeth
the
watches
,
as
captaines
,
rounders
,
centrenels
,
to
stay
their
due
times
,
vntill
their
drums
or
triumpets
discharge
their
watches
:
he
looketh
that
quietnesse
and
silence
be
kept
in
the
campe
,
vpon
setting
of
the
great
watch
after
the
warning
peece
be
discharged
:
through
him
are
all
honourable
and
dishonorable
actions
and
exploits
of
persons
(
to
their
immortall
shame
or
good
fame
)
recorded
in
perpetuall
historie
for
example
:
he
likewise
(
accompaned
with
the
Coronels
,
Generall
of
horse
,
and
foote
,
with
the
master
of
the
Ordinance
,
and
Sergeant
maior
)
vieweth
the
ground
,
where
most
aduantage
in
their
discreet
iudgements
may
be
found
,
for
placing
or
abiding
with
their
troupes
on
horse
and
foot
,
and
for
the
most
auaileable
planting
of
their
Artillerie
,
with
such
cunning
lures
as
may
bring
forward
the
enemies
being
neere
to
that
place
of
aduantage
.
In
time
of
battell
he
serueth
on
foot
with
the
Sergeant
maior
:
when
the
campe
shall
moue
,
his
trumpet
giueth
the
summons
;
by
notice
thereof
all
other
trumpets
soone
after
sound
a
flourish
at
the
L.
Leiutenants
lodging
to
the
discharge
.
He
likewise
towards
the
assieging
of
any
cities
or
forts
appointeth
what
strength
of
men
and
munition
,
what
numbers
of
horse
&
foot
are
required
:
for
he
taketh
first
a
perfect
view
of
the
place
and
then
prescribeth
a
forme
how
to
plant
the
campe
with
most
aduantage
against
it
,
setting
downe
where
the
trenches
must
be
made
;
hauing
acquainted
first
the
Lord
Leiutenant
therewith
.
He
directeth
the
campe-master
in
his
forme
and
order
of
encamping
,
and
what
number
of
campes
should
bee
made
in
euery
quarter
;
instructing
likewise
the
trench-master
in
the
maner
,
breadth
,
and
depth
of
his
trenches
,
for
the
most
safetie
towards
battery
by
night
or
otherwise
:
considering
what
flancks
or
buttresses
may
conueniently
be
taken
away
;
and
(
if
they
be
flanked
)
where
they
may
soonest
and
safest
approach
:
what
course
best
serueth
(
in
case
they
cannot
get
entrance
by
plaine
meanes
)
to
distresse
their
flanckes
,
by
minings
,
or
counterminings
,
if
the
ground
will
serue
,
if
not
so
,
then
by
scaladoes
,
or
stratagems
of
strange
&
excellent
deuise
,
with
other
meanes
,
which
haue
been
,
or
may
be
done
with
most
commendation
,
and
securitie
for
such
a
purpose
.
Beatus
Rhenanus
thinketh
that
Mariscallus
is
called
of
Marca
,
an
old
word
signifying
a
horse
:
Budaeus
calleth
them
Marischals
,
quasi
maiores
,
Iudges
sitting
on
horse-back
.
The
office
of
Marischals
according
to
Vincentius
Lupanus
is
The
office
of
the
Coronell
generall
on
foote
,
disposeth
his
Armies
by
direction
from
the
Lord
Leiutenant
into
competent
battels
according
to
the
grosse
number
:
he
directeth
the
Captaines
in
their
charge
,
what
,
and
how
many
long
or
short
weapons
in
euery
Band
or
Companie
they
should
haue
,
in
what
forme
&
order
the
armies
must
march
,
which
the
sergeant
maior
(
by
direction
from
him
)
seeth
performed
.
From
him
is
a
scroll
sent
to
the
gouernours
of
euery
battell
containing
their
seuerall
charges
:
hee
certifieth
the
remouals
of
Campes
vnto
them
for
the
more
readinesse
of
souldiers
by
the
sound
of
drums
or
trumpets
:
all
armies
(
being
distributed
into
Regiments
of
Battels
)
are
with
their
Coronels
vnder
his
command
.
Vpon
any
seruice
he
ioyneth
in
directions
with
the
L.
Marischall
in
choise
of
the
ground
:
and
his
place
of
seruice
is
in
the
middest
of
the
battell
with
the
L.
Generall
.
Ouer
all
our
English
battels
there
are
Gouernors
appointed
which
are
at
command
vnder
the
Coronell
generall
,
or
his
Leiutenant
.
These
Gouernours
appoint
euery
captaine
to
send
his
Harbenger
vnto
the
Campe-master
,
to
take
notice
of
the
place
and
order
of
their
quartering
:
or
(
if
in
Campe
)
of
their
Tentpitching
;
declaring
where
,
&
how
the
souldiers
should
make
Cabbines
,
foreseeing
withall
that
they
doe
not
hastily
nor
confusedly
come
into
their
quarters
,
but
take
their
places
orderly
and
ciuilly
,
being
directed
by
their
Harbingers
.
His
Leiutenant
looketh
to
the
Captaines
of
the
watch
,
the
Rounders
,
and
the
Centrenels
,
to
fit
themselues
to
their
dueties
,
by
direction
from
the
Lord
Marischall
.
If
any
foot-spiall
be
taken
by
them
,
him
they
bring
to
the
L.
Marischall
,
to
the
Coronell
Generall
,
or
to
the
L.
Leiutenant
himself
.
The
Leiutenant
Coronell
(
vpon
seruice
)
taketh
place
in
the
vaward
with
the
Sergeant
maior
.
His
speciall
care
(
which
bindeth
him
in
the
same
termes
with
the
L.
Leiutenant
generall
)
is
to
see
,
that
his
souldiers
vnder
his
charge
proue
not
effeminate
,
impatient
of
paines
and
perill
,
that
they
shew
not
more
valour
in
words
then
weapons
,
that
they
spoyle
not
their
owne
fellowes
in
Armes
,
that
they
leaue
not
themselues
open
for
a
praie
to
the
enemie
without
discipline
,
order
,
gouernment
,
&
modestie
;
that
they
set
&
keepe
their
watches
like
good
souldiors
after
the
course
of
warre
,
that
they
neither
forsake
,
nor
withdraw
themselues
from
their
colours
without
leaue
:
that
the
stragglers
,
boyes
,
s●…uls
,
and
slaues
attempt
not
to
march
or
intermingle
the
rancks
,
troupes
,
or
battels
confusedly
by
night
,
or
day
:
that
the
souldiors
waste
not
no●…tread
down
the
corne
lands
,
and
meadowes
,
if
they
may
be
benefitted
thereby
:
that
they
be
not
suffered
negligently
to
driue
heards
and
flocks
of
cattell
,
and
prisoners
before
them
disorderly
,
but
that
they
keepe
in
the
reare
with
the
carriages
:
that
they
doe
not
exchange
them
with
merchants
&
victuallers
of
the
campe
for
money
,
to
buy
bread
and
wine
dayly
:
that
they
suffer
no
shame
of
sloath
and
luxurie
to
dishonor
their
Armies
:
these
are
the
speciall
means
for
euery
Coronell
generall
to
reforme
bad
souldiors
.
Likewise
it
is
his
office
carefully
to
prouide
skilfull
and
painfull
Chirurgions
for
his
wounded
souldiors
and
hurt
men
;
to
reward
and
giue
honor
to
men
of
worth
and
desert
in
the
warres
,
according
to
the
custome
of
warre
:
after
the
field
fought
(
by
sommons
of
his
d●…umme
maior
)
to
assemble
the
remainder
of
his
Armie
,
and
there
in
open
assembly
with
very
good
tearmes
and
cheerefull
behauiour
,
to
giue
thankes
and
commendation
to
them
that
had
fought
the
field
,
to
exhort
them
that
they
beare
themselues
alwayes
of
a
valiant
spirit
,
well
affected
one
towards
another
,
and
that
the
glorie
of
that
dayes
seruice
should
maintaine
a
continuall
courage
in
them
,
for
any
battell
whensoeuer
oportunitie
should
require
;
that
they
should
willingly
receiue
the
spoyles
of
their
enemies
according
to
the
discretion
and
direction
of
the
Lord
Leiutenant
in
all
equ●…litie
;
and
that
he
did
onely
looke
for
labour
in
steed
of
his
reward
.
The
Coronell
generall
of
horse
,
receiueth
from
the
L.
Leiutenant
a
roll
of
all
the
seruiceable
horse
in
field
.
His
office
is
to
direct
and
distribute
the
Lances
,
light
horses
,
Argolitiers
,
pistoliers
,
carbin●…s
,
and
such
like
into
troupes
ordered
for
battell
;
he
signifieth
to
the
Corne●…
of
euery
troupe
when
any
remouall
is
,
which
after
the
flourish
of
Trumpets
,
auance
foorth
to
march
when
he
commandeth
;
such
of
them
as
watch
the
first
night
,
are
first
placed
in
Campe
,
or
Quarter
.
It
is
in
him
to
send
foorth
auant
curriers
for
aduertisement
;
hee
placeth
a
strong
troupe
of
horse
in
the
reare
of
all
the
battels
,
to
see
there
be
not
stragglers
,
or
carriages
left
behinde
for
a
praie
to
the
enemies
;
and
that
those
his
Caualliers
dismount
not
till
the
Campe
be
lodged
or
quartered
.
By
consent
of
the
L.
Leiutenant
hee
setteth
forth
what
number
of
the
horse
is
fit
vpon
any
present
seruice
:
he
seeth
the
scoutes
foorth
before
night
,
the
scurriers
placed
in
the
day
time
vpon
the
mountaines
,
and
at
night
in
the
valleys
for
their
better
sight
at
all
times
:
these
in
darke
nights
(
if
the
winde
be
so
great
that
they
cannot
either
heare
,
or
see
)
doe
dismount
,
and
making
holes
in
the
ground
,
listen
if
they
can
heare
the
beating
of
horse
hoofes
;
which
(
if
any
be
neere
)
they
shall
soone
perceiue
,
and
vpon
notice
doe
giue
warning
to
the
foote
Centrenels
,
which
with
allarme
giuen
to
the
Campe
,
set
all
in
readinesse
.
His
Lieutenants
office
is
to
take
care
,
how
all
such
as
are
destined
to
watch
,
giue
attendance
vnto
the
L.
Marischall
,
or
to
his
prouost
for
directions
.
He
seeth
in
the
morning
that
no
man
leaue
his
watch
vpon
paine
of
death
before
the
scurriers
be
returned
to
the
Campe
,
&
receiued
their
places
.
In
time
of
battell
he
prouideth
to
answer
troupe
for
troupe
of
the
enemies
,
and
to
fit
himselfe
by
proportion
against
them
all
,
and
if
percase
his
power
be
to
weake
,
then
doth
he
succour
his
horses
by
wood
,
strait
,
hill
,
water
,
or
neighbouring
villages
,
for
his
more
reliefe
and
refuge
.
He
determineth
what
number
shall
giue
charge
vpon
the
enemie
;
where
,
and
how
many
soldiers
to
place
in
time
of
need
for
their
rescue
.
Euery
Coronell
doth
(
as
he
willeth
)
attend
the
Campe-master
,
for
his
quarter
,
and
for
decent
and
orderly
comming
thereto
:
his
place
is
vpon
seruice
in
front
to
the
pikes
of
his
chiefe
battell
.
The
Campe-master
receiueth
a
roule
of
the
whole
armies
horse
and
foot
:
and
by
the
L.
Marischals
consent
prouideth
&
limiteth
the
Campe
according
to
the
multitude
,
deuiding
the
ground
into
so
many
regiments
or
battels
of
foot
and
horse
,
as
is
requisite
,
betwixt
euery
battell
making
a
large
street
or
space
of
80.
feet
breadth
at
the
least
.
Hee
placeth
euery
Generall
of
each
regiment
according
to
his
degree
in
the
middest
of
his
regiment
;
so
that
the
porch
of
his
tent
may
open
into
the
place
of
assembly
,
euery
captaine
hauing
his
souldiers
cabbines
so
seated
and
limited
vpon
the
backeside
of
his
owne
tent
in
little
lanes
and
streets
,
not
aboue
eight
foot
breadth
,
and
in
forme
of
a
citie
;
so
that
they
may
readily
find
recourse
into
the
great
street
or
place
of
assembly
when
allarmes
are
giuen
.
He
deuiseth
a
great
open
court
or
spacious
square
within
which
the
L.
Lieutenants
tent
is
pitched
,
with
all
his
officers
about
him
:
vpon
the
right
hand
thereof
the
L.
Marischals
tent
,
the
Coronell
generall
on
the
left
,
with
other
counsellors
according
to
their
degrees
&
places
,
all
opening
into
the
place
of
assembly
;
where
the
master
of
the
ordinance
with
all
his
carriages
and
Artillerie
remaineth
.
Neere
to
this
there
must
a
place
of
necessitie
be
intrenched
forthwith
for
preseruation
of
the
powder
,
aswell
from
danckenesse
,
as
from
all
daunger
of
fire
.
Also
the
prouant
and
carriagemasters
with
all
their
victuals
&
carriages
haue
places
there
.
Within
the
virge
of
the
Campe
,
he
doth
appoint
what
ground
of
aduantage
shall
serue
for
planting
the
Ordinance
,
and
that
all
carriages
which
shall
come
in
,
may
make
their
repaire
to
the
precincts
for
the
Campes
defence
;
the
precinct
or
virge
of
the
Campe
,
being
distended
seuenscore
foot
at
least
from
all
tents
and
cabbines
.
He
seeth
vpon
euery
remoueall
that
such
watches
as
must
serue
for
that
night
be
first
placed
for
their
ease
,
making
themselues
ready
for
the
remoue
,
and
in
like
sort
all
the
horse
.
A
spacious
street
of
seuenscore
foot
at
the
least
must
deuide
the
horse
quarter
from
the
foot
,
through
which
their
horses
may
with
ease
passe
to
watering
and
forrage
.
A
place
of
assembly
likewise
(
euen
as
in
the
foot
quarter
)
should
be
made
there
;
that
the
troupes
may
with
ease
come
forth
vpon
present
seruice
.
He
likewise
appointeth
what
number
of
horses
must
attend
euery
foot
battell
according
to
their
places
,
with
other
Gouerners
euen
as
the
foote
were
,
sauing
that
the
small
streets
in
their
horse
quarter
:
must
be
twentie
foure
foot
wide
at
the
least
:
the
Coronell
generall
hauing
chief
place
in
the
midst
as
before
;
&
his
tent
opening
semblably
to
the
place
of
assembly
.
Neere
him
the
Scoutmaster
,
next
to
the
Coronell
of
horse
;
forsomuch
as
their
offices
require
a
reciprocall
vicinitie
;
their
carriages
fencing
or
impailing
the
Campe
together
with
the
footcarts
as
aforesaid
:
all
the
captained
likewise
with
the
Cornets
of
horse
receiue
their
billets
or
places
of
the
Campe-master
,
as
the
foote
captaines
doe
;
the
Campe-master
himselfe
is
to
be
lodged
neere
the
Lord
Leiutenant
amongst
the
counsellers
;
besides
him
the
quarter-masters
or
harbingers
of
the
field
:
annext
to
the
L.
Marischall
his
prouost
,
with
the
prison
of
Marischall-sea
;
betwixt
which
and
the
Marischals
tent
,
the
prouost
is
placed
.
At
all
assieges
the
Campe-master
accompanieth
the
Lord
Marischall
to
view
the
ground
,
that
they
may
know
thereby
to
distribute
it
into
competent
Campes
&
quarters
accordingly
,
with
the
certaine
number
of
souldiers
apportioned
,
and
destined
to
their
places
in
euery
Campe
:
the
greatest
number
enuironeth
the
L.
Leiutenant
,
where
the
place
of
assembly
should
be
so
large
,
that
(
vpon
allarme
giuen
)
the
whole
forces
may
reunite
in
present
forme
of
battell
,
being
well
instructed
and
readie
:
he
likewise
prouideth
that
euery
Campe
be
well
entrenched
,
sauing
where
the
entries
of
euery
street
are
,
seruing
for
issue
to
&
fro
.
And
so
much
because
it
is
one
speciall
place
of
seruice
in
the
field
,
haue
I
spoken
at
large
of
the
Campe-master
:
I
will
be
briefe
in
the
rest
for
so
much
as
they
depend
for
the
most
part
vpon
the
former
.
The
master
of
the
Ordinance
(
after
his
charge
receiued
)
must
be
prouided
of
all
necessaries
thereunto
:
first
vnder
him
in
office
are
a
Leiutenant
of
the
Artillerie
,
certaine
Clerks
,
a
Master
groome
and
his
Mate
,
all
of
them
in
pay
,
with
all
sorts
of
artificers
needfull
,
as
Cannoniers
for
great
Ordinance
,
seruitors
and
labourers
only
for
the
Cannon
,
Armorers
,
Sawyers
,
Smithes
,
Pistolmenders
,
&
of
other
peeces
,
Enginers
,
Cutlers
,
Carpenters
,
Collermakers
Wheelewrights
,
Basketters
,
Coopers
:
the
munition
appertaining
his
office
are
Lances
,
Halberts
,
Partisanes
,
Billes
,
Dagges
,
Pistols
,
and
Pistollets
,
Corselets
with
their
Burganets
,
and
Pikes
,
Armonish
for
horsemen
,
Lighthorsemens
staues
,
Muskets
with
their
rests
,
and
Bandaleirs
,
Harquebusies
furnished
,
and
also
for
other
necessaries
belonging
Ordinance
,
as
Serpentine
&
cornepowder
for
the
Cannon
,
and
other
shot
of
all
sorts
and
quantities
,
Scaling
ladders
and
bridges
,
match
and
plate
for
ladles
,
platesheers
,
gabions
for
defence
of
the
Cannoniers
,
okeham
,
and
haire
,
hatchets
,
and
hedgebilles
,
forges
for
smithes
,
with
their
implements
,
hammers
,
iron
and
steele
,
leade
for
small
shot
,
moulds
,
stuffe
for
cartages
and
fireworkes
,
priming
powder
,
with
pinnes
,
rests
,
wormes
,
wyers
,
ramming
staues
,
ladles
,
flasks
,
squares
,
rules
,
and
other
Geometricall
instruments
for
planting
,
leuying
,
and
leuelling
of
the
Cannon
.
It
is
not
to
be
thought
that
the
Romanes
could
haue
so
boldly
borne
away
many
victories
,
with
dayly
triumph
,
if
the
deuise
of
Cannon
and
gunpowder
had
beene
knowne
vnto
them
:
for
these
be
grieuous
and
almost
dastardish
impediments
to
mens
valours
,
which
onely
by
violence
of
those
ensignes
are
taken
away
before
they
can
haue
space
and
opportunitie
,
to
make
noble
account
of
their
heroycall
vertues
;
which
example
hath
been
and
is
so
generall
and
common
,
as
that
it
need
not
be
specified
.
The
best
vse
of
them
is
for
offence
,
as
at
the
batteries
of
townes
,
castels
,
sconces
,
bulwarks
and
such
like
;
for
they
will
beat
downe
the
grossest
walles
,
staunching
the
ditches
,
and
moats
vnder
them
with
grauell
and
rubbish
:
but
to
bring
them
for
battell
into
field
(
vnlesse
your
battels
be
strong
and
very
well
instructed
)
is
thought
by
diuers
wise
Captaines
,
vaine
,
and
difficult
at
execution
:
by
good
example
of
the
Swizzers
,
which
about
88.
yeares
since
in
a
battell
against
the
French
neere
Na●…rre
,
in
a
very
so
daine
and
stiffe
resolution
charged
them
in
the
fierie
mouthes
of
their
ordinance
,
being
very
many
principall
peeces
of
brasse
;
driuing
them
from
their
Tents
&
munition
,
which
they
recouering
became
Lords
of
that
dayes
seruice
also
.
Such
artillery
must
of
force
be
well
armed
,
either
with
walles
,
rampiers
,
gabions
,
and
such
like
defences
,
least
a
resolute
enemie
seaze
vpon
them
.
Some
say
that
the
brasen
artillerie
was
knowne
and
inuented
many
ages
since
,
which
Vin●…ntius
Lupanus
citeth
out
of
Robertus
Vulturius
▪
but
more
certaine
it
is
that
a
ch●…isticall
Monck
deuised
the
same
in
Germanie
.
The
Venetians
were
said
to
haue
the
first
vse
of
them
in
their
warres
against
the
Genoueses
Ann●…
.
1380.
To
which
peeces
of
Ordinance
,
diuers
names
of
birds
and
serpents
were
giuen
;
as
F●…ulcons
,
Sacars
,
Muskets
,
Haukes
,
Basalisks
,
Crocodiles
,
Salamanders
,
Lizards
,
&c.
The
Treasurers
office
in
Campe
being
so
well
knowne
(
as
at
home
)
needeth
not
to
be
stood
vpon
;
onely
this
he
keepeth
a
muster-booke
of
the
princes
forces
,
pensions
,
and
allowances
,
distributing
to
the
seuerall
offices
and
places
in
the
field
according
to
their
stipends
which
execute
them
;
which
I
sayd
in
the
peaceable
Treasurer
before
,
must
be
well
husbanded
and
stored
;
so
that
the
souldior
in
seruice
(
whether
hee
praie
vpon
his
enemies
spoiles
or
not
)
be
not
wanting
of
his
wages
,
nor
pray
payment
at
the
Treasurer
for
which
he
serueth
,
being
so
deerly
bought
with
continuall
hazard
of
life
,
which
he
so
nobly
doth
aduenture
.
The
Generall
likewise
(
respecting
his
princes
honor
)
should
satisfie
himselfe
with
a
little
,
that
he
may
gratifie
,
reward
,
and
ayde
the
iust
souldier
in
more
.
And
hence
happeneth
it
that
the
Prince
militant
shall
haue
great
occasion
to
moue
his
people
in
the
common
cause
:
for
the
reason
well
reacheth
,
that
such
as
in
peace
till
their
grounds
at
home
,
should
for
the
preseruation
thereof
,
and
of
their
owne
wiues
,
liues
,
and
children
sleeping
at
ease
,
contribute
to
their
noble
and
true
hearted
countrey-men
;
whose
able
mindes
and
bodies
are
vigilantly
devowed
,
and
p●…cularly
sacrificed
for
their
generall
safeties
in
the
field
.
Concerning
the
Sergeant
maior
of
the
whole
armie
,
who
disposeth
according
to
the
directions
of
the
Lord
Marischall
and
Coronell
generall
,
all
the
formes
of
instructing
,
and
marching
of
the
battels
,
it
weare
altogether
superfluous
,
and
might
rather
increase
●…autologies
,
then
profit
the
Reader
.
And
these
aboue
recited
offices
are
all
of
counsell
with
the
L.
Leiutenant
generall
,
all
the
rest
being
inferior
,
and
by
deputation
subiect
to
them
.
In
the
watch-Captaines
,
scouts
,
escurriers
,
rounders
,
and
centrenels
;
likewise
in
all
sorts
of
priuate
souldiors
and
militarie
Commanders
,
vigilancie
is
principally
needfull
.
How
many
surprisals
of
townes
,
castles
,
peeces
,
houses
;
how
many
camisadoes
in
Campes
,
sodaine
eskairmouches
,
violent
and
bloody
●…allies
and
tryumphs
haue
been
shewed
,
to
the
continuall
shame
of
negligent
and
slouthfull
souldiors
.
And
therefore
it
is
a
parable
or
similitude
from
the
spirit
of
God
deliuered
in
the
Gospel
,
Vigilate
&
esto●…
parati
;
ignoratis
eni●…
qu●…
subi●…●…rit
f●…ris
aduentus
:
For
enemies
may
fitly
be
resembled
vnto
theeues
,
which
by
wilie
meanes
and
hidden
stratagemmes
against
all
othes
,
treagues
,
and
promises
,
will
many
times
infringe
and
violate
their
faith
and
honesties
:
as
Macrobius
captaine
of
the
Carthagenians
vsed
the
Assirians
his
enemies
,
whom
(
being
drunke
with
wine
,
and
mandragoras
)
he
most
insidiously
slaughtered
:
for
had
not
that
aduantage
encountred
them
,
it
would
haue
bene
very
doubtfull
of
the
victorie
.
And
therefore
as
it
is
the
captaines
dutie
to
direct
and
vigilantly
to
looke
vnto
the
charge
of
his
watches
;
so
doth
the
soldier
shew
no
lesse
honour
in
carefull
obedience
for
his
owne
securitie
,
next
after
the
state
of
his
prince
and
countrey
;
which
(
if
the
captaines
doe
neglect
)
ought
to
be
with
due
seueritie
punished
in
them
.
We
read
that
Moyses
(
who
was
a
carefull
warrior
against
the
Egyptians
)
did
send
out
s●…outs
,
centrenels
,
and
escurriers
:
and
that
Iosua
that
diuine
and
triumphant
captaine
(
purposing
the
destruction
of
Ierico
)
sent
espials
which
were
lodged
in
Rhahabs
There
is
a
kind
of
souldiers
which
are
chiefe
men
of
the
nobler
sort
vsed
amongst
the
Frenchmen
,
which
in
that
Realme
are
by
common
and
ancient
custome
in
time
of
speciall
seruice
,
to
maintaine
themselues
,
and
seruants
in
those
warres
three
moneths
;
the
Frenchmen
call
them
Banne
,
and
Retrobanne
.
Which
as
Procopius
saith
,
Romani
bannum
,
signum
dixerunt
,
&
bandoferum
,
ducis
Bannire
,
&
in
bannum
soluere
,
which
signifieth
as
much
,
as
to
set
it
to
the
view
and
knowledge
of
the
whole
hoast
.
Likewise
the
creation
of
knights
according
to
their
deserts
after
the
warres
,
being
many
and
of
diuers
orders
,
I
will
not
insist
vpon
because
they
be
so
well
known
.
The
creation
of
knights
,
bannerets
(
which
is
vnder
the
princes
standard
,
being
displayed
)
is
the
most
honorable
knighthood
in
the
field
:
for
they
be
called
equi●…es
redubitati
,
twise
knighted
,
for
their
martiall
prowesse
:
&
such
as
in
honor
of
warre
,
and
for
their
noble
atchieuments
by
militarie
worthinesse
,
attaine
knighthoods
of
collers
,
such
as
the
Cheualliers
sans
●…proch
,
deuised
by
Lewis
the
eleuenth
at
Ambois
1469.
of
the
first
Institution
being
thirtie
sixe
Nobles
of
the
Realme
,
and
since
more
according
to
the
Kings
pleasure
,
and
such
Noble
men
his
friendes
of
other
nations
,
as
for
their
valour
in
seruing
him
in
his
warres
are
invested
to
that
honor
at
this
day
:
Likewise
the
order
of
Saint
George
,
instituted
by
King
Edward
the
third
:
the
ceremonies
whereof
being
so
well
knowne
and
celebrated
at
Windsor
,
I
let
passe
;
with
that
Order
of
the
golden
Fleece
,
which
Philip
Duke
of
Burgundie
instituted
at
Dijoun
in
France
,
which
King
Philip
of
Spaine
and
the
Emperor
Randolph
,
by
right
of
the
Emperor
Charles
the
fift
(
whose
mother
was
heire
of
that
Dutchie
)
at
this
day
retaine
,
as
their
order
of
honorable
Knighthood
:
and
all
these
noble
Orders
with
diuers
of
like
fashion
first
deuised
as
a
reward
and
m●…d
of
their
militarie
vertues
:
and
in
that
respect
,
the
Romanes
did
bestow
vpon
their
worthiest
captaines
and
militarie
commanders
,
horse
and
furniture
,
with
rich
caparisons
,
bracelets
,
chaines
,
girdles
,
and
crownes
of
pure
gold
,
lan●…es
,
with
other
warlike
habilimen●…
,
and
armorie
:
such
as
Cicinius
Dentatus
receiued
of
them
for
his
fortitude
shewed
in
their
wa●…es
,
which
were
golden
spurres
and
a
sword
,
with
the
kings
personall
embrace
▪
as
our
〈◊〉
of
honour
are
created
at
this
day
.
The
most
famous
and
best
renowned
souldiers
that
in
our
times
haue
bene
noted
,
were
Ambrose
Dudley
the
old
Earle
of
Warwike
,
Thomas
Ratcliffe
Earle
of
Sussex
,
the
three
brethren
of
that
honourable
race
of
Ricot
,
the
two
noble
and
vnfortunate
Earles
of
Essex
,
both
deceased
,
the
father
and
sonne
,
the
Lord
Willoughbie
late
Gouernour
of
Barwicke
,
Sir
Roger
Williams
,
Sir
Philip
Sydney
,
who
singeth
in
heauen
crowned
both
with
martiall
and
ciuill
girlands
,
Sir
Thomas
Morgan
:
but
there
haue
bene
so
manie
,
and
yet
are
of
gallant
heroicall
spirits
aliue
amongst
vs
;
that
it
were
infinite
to
reckon
,
and
would
rather
bring
one
into
suspition
of
that
fault
(
for
which
I
detest
to
conuerse
in
the
houses
of
great
princes
)
then
any
way●…s
answere
to
the
worthinesse
,
of
them
whom
I
commemorate
.
And
heere
least
I
might
vnhappilie
seeme
too
curious
or
tedious
,
will
I
knit
vp
my
labours
,
satisfying
my selfe
with
a
little
taste
of
some
principles
in
euery
counsell
:
forasmuch
as
(
if
I
should
write
all
that
ought
in
these
discourses
to
be
set
downe
)
it
would
be
both
infinite
in
regard
of
the
matter
,
and
needelesse
if
your
Grace
respect
the
learneder
writings
of
others
:
not
crauing
more
then
beneuolence
for
my
voluntarie
liberalitie
,
which
is
the
best
treasure
that
a
double
pouertie
proceeding
from
my
single
fortunes
in
ward
,
and
exterior
affordeth
.
From
the
profane
multitude
full
of
error
and
confusion
(
whose
opinions
distand
from
veritie
so
farre
as
England
(
according
to
〈◊〉
tables
)
is
diuided
from
the
Indies
)
I
will
appeale
by
protestation
:
that
,
they
which
leane
vpon
vaine
hope
and
idle
counsels
,
which
threaten
and
disdaine
sea-stormes
,
slouthfully
wallowing
in
their
warme
beddes
at
land
,
and
which
in
tempestuous
times
are
immeasurably
blasted
with
ignominious
feare
and
pusillanimitie
may
not
bee
taken
for
equall
iudges
of
my
studies
.
How
meane
my
matter
is
,
how
naked
my
sentences
,
how
little
my
trauels
,
how
bare
my
knowledge
,
I
must
acknowledge
,
that
I
know
;
neither
is
it
written
in
arrogancie
;
and
it
is
well
spoken
,
that
nothing
can
be
spoken
,
which
hath
not
beene
first
spoken
:
and
I
will
pray
that
my
studies
(
being
published
)
may
not
be
forespoken
with
i●…enomed
tongues
,
swolne
too
great
for
their
mouthes
;
but
to
them
that
are
iust
and
truely
noble
,
I
will
simply
submit
them
,
such
as
they
bee
with
all
modesty
,
heartily
loathing
(
as
I
still
professe
)
without
and
within
,
all
ostentation
and
hypocrisie
.
All
Glorie
be
to
the
blessed
seede
of
all
,
in
all
immortall
perfection
of
incomprehensible
goodnesse
,
euerlastingly
raigning
in
that
vnconceiueable
power
of
saluation
by
miraculous
faith
inanimate
,
in
the
true
charitable
roote
of
the
ineffable
Trinitie
,
mistically
reueiled
in
omnipotent
vnitie
.
FINIS
.