PART
I.
CHAP.
I.
Our
Departure
out
of
France
.
ALL
Mankind
have
a
certain
Natural
propensity
to
Curiosity
,
but
Young
people
have
commonly
a
greater
Inclination
to
satisfie
their
own
Fancies
,
taken
up
for
the
most
part
with
Novelties
,
than
those
who
are
arrived
to
a
ripe
Age.
For
my
part
having
always
been
inflamed
with
a
most
ardent
desire
of
Travelling
,
after
I
had
finished
the
course
of
my
Studies
,
I
left
Paris
with
no
other
resolution
than
to
leave
France
,
and
by
the
Conversation
with
Foreigners
to
make
my self
acquainted
with
their
Genius
and
Manners
.
Being
informed
that
the
Royal
East-India
Company
was
Equipping
some
Ships
at
Port-Royal
,
I
directed
my
course
thither
,
and
entred
my self
into
their
Service
;
in
a
Ship
of
400
Tuns
,
called
the
Strong
,
Commanded
by
Captain
Merchand
,
and
left
that
Harbour
within
14
days
after
,
in
the
Company
of
the
Golden-Eagle
.
But
we
had
scarce
been
a
few
Hours
under
Sail
,
when
a
Calm
obliged
us
to
come
to
an
Anchor
,
near
the
Isle
of
Groy
,
about
2
Leagues
from
the
French
Shoar
,
where
we
remain'd
till
the
next
Morning
,
when
with
a
fresh
Gale
of
North-East
Wind
,
we
soon
lost
sight
of
our
Native
Shoar
.
The
first
inconveniency
I
was
sensible
of
in
this
Voyage
,
was
,
my
being
Sea-Sick
,
as
well
as
all
the
rest
,
who
were
most
acquainted
before
with
the
Watery
Element
,
but
a
little
time
cured
us
of
that
Distemper
.
For
8
days
together
we
saw
nothing
but
the
Sea
and
the
Skies
,
when
at
last
our
Sentries
discovered
4
Sails
to
the
Windward
of
us
,
and
we
being
at
that
time
engaged
in
a
War
with
Spain
,
our
Captain
was
getting
every
thing
ready
,
in
case
there
should
be
any
occasion
of
engaging
the
Enemy
;
ordering
the
Golden-Eagle
,
who
was
a
nimbler
Sailer
than
we
,
to
endeavour
to
come
up
with
them
first
:
But
having
soon
discovered
them
to
be
French
Ships
,
bound
for
Newfoundland
,
we
continu'd
our
Voyage
without
any
further
hinderance
;
till
some
days
after
,
when
a
most
furious
Tempest
arose
,
which
lasted
near
18
Hours
,
put
us
into
no
small
distress
;
scarce
had
we
escaped
that
danger
,
but
we
were
thrown
into
another
,
no
less
dangerous
than
the
former
▪
For
our
Ship
Sprung
a
Leak
,
and
then
fell
in
such
a
vast
quantity
of
Water
,
that
both
our
Pumps
not
being
sufficient
to
exhaust
it
,
it
was
thought
most
advisable
,
to
make
,
together
with
the
Golden-Eagle
,
the
best
of
our
way
to
the
French
Coast
.
Whilst
we
were
just
upon
the
point
of
putting
it
in
execution
,
the
Leak
was
by
good
Fortune
discovered
,
and
soon
stopped
,
so
that
we
spent
the
remainder
of
the
day
in
making
good
Cheer
for
Joy
of
having
escaped
so
imminent
a
danger
.
The
next
Morning
by
break
of
day
,
we
came
in
sight
of
a
very
large
Ship
,
and
the
Golden-Eagle
being
advanced
within
Canon-Shot
,
gave
her
the
Signal
of
Striking
;
but
finding
her
not
to
comply
immediately
with
our
desire
,
we
put
out
the
White
Flag
,
when
she
instantly
lower'd
her
Top
Sail.
This
was
a
Ship
belonging
to
Diep
,
which
was
bound
to
Senegal
,
where
they
Trade
in
Ivory
,
Feathers
and
Gold-Dust
;
the
Captain
's
Name
was
Le
Moyne
,
and
having
thus
continued
our
Voyage
together
,
we
left
him
near
the
Mouth
of
the
River
Niger
,
directing
our
Course
to
Cape
Verd
,
where
we
Arrived
in
6
Weeks
,
after
our
first
departure
out
of
France
.
CHAP.
II.
Of
Cape
Verd.
THIS
is
a
part
of
Africa
,
Go●ea
▪
at
a
little
distance
from
it
,
which
has
had
almost
as
many
Masters
as
have
thought
it
worth
their
while
to
take
Possession
of
it
;
it
being
of
so
little
Defence
,
that
the
Dutch
seem
only
to
keep
it
,
because
no
body
Disputes
with
them
about
the
Propriety
of
a
place
,
which
being
very
Barren
,
is
destitute
of
every
thing
requisite
for
the
necessity
and
conveniency
of
human
Life
,
except
what
they
are
supply'd
with
from
Cape
Verd.
The
people
Inhabiting
Cape
Verd
,
Inhabitants
of
Cape
Verd.
are
of
a
most
dreadful
Aspect
,
much
beyond
what
the
rest
of
the
Africans
are
;
the
Women
are
as
ugly
as
the
Men
;
the
first
carry
their
Children
upon
their
Backs
,
and
suckle
them
over
their
Shoulders
.
They
are
much
addicted
to
hunting
,
and
as
lascivious
as
they
are
ugly
,
prostituting
themselves
in
publick
to
Strangers
.
The
Africans
are
for
the
most
part
Mahometans
,
but
besides
this
,
they
use
many
superstitious
Ceremonies
,
which
have
not
the
least
Affinity
with
those
prescrib'd
in
the
Alcoran
.
They
are
generally
very
obliging
to
such
Strangers
as
chance
to
Land
on
their
Coast
;
but
Stealing
is
so
common
a
practice
with
them
,
that
one
is
obliged
to
be
constantly
upon
one's
guard
.
They
Live
for
the
most
part
upon
what
they
catch
when
they
go
a
Hunting
,
and
their
Bread
is
made
of
Millet
,
they
having
no
great
store
of
Rice
or
Wheat
.
But
I
will
not
pretend
to
enlarge
my self
here
upon
their
manner
of
living
,
others
having
sufficiently
acquitted
themselves
as
to
this
part
before
me
;
and
,
as
I
have
taken
a
resolution
to
deal
with
the
utmost
sincerity
in
all
respects
,
so
I
will
confess
ingeniously
,
that
I
had
not
sufficient
opportunity
to
inform
my self
fully
concerning
all
matters
relating
to
this
people
,
we
not
staying
here
any
longer
than
was
absolutely
requisite
,
for
the
providing
us
with
necessary
refreshments
.
For
after
a
stay
of
12
days
,
the
Wind
being
favourable
,
we
weighed
Anchor
,
and
put
again
to
Sea
,
but
before
we
lost
sight
of
the
Shoar
,
we
were
becalmed
for
some
days
,
during
which
time
,
we
diverted
our selves
with
Fishing
,
but
especially
with
catching
of
Requins
,
(
which
the
Portugueses
call
Tuberos
)
of
whom
we
took
a
considerable
number
,
There
are
also
several
other
sorts
of
Fish
catch'd
betwixt
the
two
Tropicks
,
and
among
others
those
call'd
by
the
Portugueses
,
We
pass'd
the
Equinoctial
Line
about
3
Weeks
after
our
departure
from
Cape
Verd
,
and
about
a
Month
after
the
Tropick
of
Capricorn
.
Hitherto
we
had
met
with
no
considerable
disaster
,
during
our
whole
Voyage
;
but
now
the
Golden-Eagle
being
destitute
of
fresh
Water
,
we
were
fain
to
share
ours
with
her
,
and
the
next
following
Night
were
separated
from
one
another
by
stress
of
Weather
.
But
the
worst
of
all
was
,
that
our
Ship
sprung
3
days
after
another
Leak
,
which
let
in
the
Water
in
such
a
quantity
,
as
to
make
us
sufficiently
sensible
of
our
imminent
danger
,
of
being
inevitably
lost
,
we
being
at
too
great
a
distance
from
any
Shoar
,
to
entertain
the
least
hopes
of
escaping
the
danger
;
but
we
had
once
more
the
good
Fortune
to
find
out
the
Leak
,
and
by
applying
speedy
and
effectual
Remedies
against
the
evil
,
that
a
few
Hours
before
threatned
our
destruction
,
the
hopes
of
Life
began
to
resettle
our
disturbed
Spirits
,
which
the
fear
of
our
approaching
cruel
Fate
and
the
constant
fatigues
had
almost
robb'd
us
of
before
.
But
we
were
for
a
considerable
time
afterwards
pestered
by
contrary
Winds
,
so
that
we
did
not
come
within
sight
of
the
Isle
Dauphin
,
(
called
by
the
Portugueses
,
St.
Laurence
,
and
by
the
Natives
,
Madagascar
,
)
under
the
26th
Degree
of
the
Southern
Latitude
,
till
7
Weeks
after
we
had
pass'd
the
Tropick
of
Capricorn
,
on
the
West-side
,
which
did
not
a
little
surprize
our
Pilates
,
who
believed
to
have
been
on
the
East
side
of
it
.
We
were
put
to
no
small
trouble
,
and
endur'd
great
fatigues
,
before
we
could
double
the
Southern
Cape
of
this
Island
,
by
reason
of
the
contrary
Winds
.
It
was
then
that
Distempers
began
to
reign
among
our
Ships
Crew
,
two
thirds
of
them
being
disabled
by
the
Scurvy
;
this
is
that
so
much
dreaded
Sea-plague
,
which
the
French
Sea-Men
call
the
Evil
of
the
Land
,
because
it
is
from
thence
alone
they
expect
the
cure
of
this
dreadful
Distemper
.
There
were
very
few
of
the
whole
Ships
Crew
,
who
had
not
their
share
of
it
,
and
this
joyned
with
the
continual
fatigues
,
occasioned
by
the
fury
of
contrary
Winds
,
put
us
almost
in
despair
,
as
being
bereaved
of
all
hopes
of
reaching
the
Shoar
,
if
Providence
had
not
delivered
us
again
by
Miracle
.
For
the
Wind
wheeling
about
,
all
upon
a
sudden
,
we
came
3
Weeks
after
we
had
first
discovered
the
Shoar
of
Madagascar
,
in
sight
of
the
Isle
of
Burbon
,
(
otherwise
called
Mascareigne
,
)
having
not
lost
above
3
of
our
whole
Crew
,
yet
we
were
4
days
longer
before
we
could
reach
the
Shoar
,
where
we
cast
our
Anchors
,
directly
opposite
to
one
of
the
French
Plantations
,
called
St.
Paul
,
Situate
on
the
West-side
of
the
Island
;
the
first
thing
we
had
to
do
was
to
take
care
of
our
Sick
Men
,
who
were
brought
on
Shoar
,
where
we
lost
2
more
of
our
Men
,
one
being
Drowned
,
and
the
other
expiring
so
soon
as
he
was
set
on
Shoar
.
CHAP.
III.
Of
the
Isle
of
Burbon
,
otherwise
called
Mascareigne
.
THO'
I
am
sufficiently
sensible
that
several
others
before
have
given
a
particular
Description
of
this
Island
;
I
will
nevertheless
relate
here
,
what
I
have
been
an
eye
witness
of
,
pursuant
to
my
intention
.
This
Island
is
Situate
under
the
21st
Degree
of
Southern
Latitude
;
The
French
call
the
Northern
Coast
of
this
Island
,
the
Burnt
Country
,
because
that
in
the
Night-time
there
constantly
issues
Fire
out
of
the
Ground
,
which
tho'
it
vanishes
in
the
Day-time
,
yet
renders
these
Plains
quite
Barren
,
Here
you
have
most
excellent
Water-Melons
,
which
the
Indians
call
Patequas
,
and
the
Portugueses
Balancias
;
they
exceed
our
European
Melons
in
bigness
,
their
peel
is
greener
,
they
're
much
tenderer
,
nothing
in
the
World
is
more
proper
to
quench
ones
Thirst
,
they
being
of
a
most
agreeable
re●●sh
,
and
you
may
eat
as
much
of
them
as
you
please
,
without
the
least
danger
to
your
●●ealth
.
The
Bananas
or
Indian
Figs
,
The
Ananas
don't
grow
so
plentifully
,
There
are
many
sorts
of
other
Fruits
to
be
found
in
this
Island
,
too
many
to
be
inserted
here
.
The
first
Colony
that
was
erected
here
by
the
French
is
called
St.
Paul
;
it
is
Situate
on
the
Weste●●
Shoar
of
the
Isle
,
near
a
great
Lake
,
not
above
〈◊〉
Hundred
Paces
distant
from
the
Sea
.
This
Lak●
affords
great
store
of
most
excellent
Fish
,
and
〈◊〉
Water
is
very
wholsome
and
good
to
Drink
.
〈◊〉
often
as
the
Hurricanes
rage
upon
these
Coas●●
the
Sea
commonly
swells
to
that
degree
,
as
to
●●verflow
the
Ground
,
which
divides
this
Lake
fro●
the
Sea
,
and
consequently
mixes
its
Salt
Wat●●
with
the
Fresh
of
the
Lake
;
but
as
these
Hurr●●canes
are
seldom
of
any
long
continuance
,
so
〈◊〉
Water
soon
recovers
its
former
sweetness
.
It
is
not
determined
hitherto
,
who
were
〈◊〉
first
that
brought
Hogs
and
Goats
into
this
Islan●●
but
it
is
most
certain
,
CHAP.
IV.
Of
the
Tortoises
,
and
some
other
Living
Creatures
of
this
Island
.
THE
Tortoises
are
of
two
different
Kinds
,
to
wit
,
the
Land
and
Sea
Tortoises
.
The
Land
Tortoises
The
Sea
Tortoises
are
somewhat
rarer
than
the
others
;
There
are
also
in
the
Isle
of
Burbon
,
good
sto●●
of
Pidgeons
,
Turtles
,
and
Partridges
,
and
〈◊〉
numbers
of
other
Birds
,
The
Sparrows
are
no
bigger
in
the
Isle
of
Mascareigne
,
than
in
other
parts
,
but
they
are
excessively
troublesome
to
the
Country
,
by
their
prodigious
numbers
;
for
,
whereever
they
come
they
consume
the
Seeds
lately
Sowed
,
and
the
Houses
are
as
much
pestered
with
them
here
,
as
we
are
with
Flies
;
for
being
quite
spent
by
the
heat
of
th●
Sun
,
they
seek
for
shelter
in
the
Houses
,
whe●
they
fall
in
the
pots
and
dishes
,
and
often
〈◊〉
their
Wings
in
the
Fire
.
There
is
also
a
kind
of
Flitter-mice
in
this
Island
,
almost
as
big
as
Pullets
;
they
are
Eaten
by
the
Indians
but
not
by
the
French
.
For
the
rest
,
After
we
had
sufficiently
refresh'd
our selves
here
,
our
Ships
Crew
being
all
very
well
restored
to
Health
,
and
our
Ship
provided
with
good
Provisions
,
we
set
Sail
with
a
fair
Wind
on
the
22d
day
of
September
,
from
Mascareigne
,
and
without
much
difficulty
gained
the
Isle
Dauphin
,
on
the
29th
day
of
the
same
Month.
Being
at
the
sight
of
24
Degrees
and
some
Minutes
,
we
were
not
a
little
a●●aid
of
passing
Fort
Dauphin
in
the
Night-time
,
because
that
the
Current
which
always
runs
to
the
●●uth
,
and
the
North-East
Winds
,
which
are
so
●●equent
on
the
Coast
,
will
not
let
you
get
out
a●●in
without
great
trouble
,
if
you
are
once
got
●●der
the
Wind.
We
therefore
cast
our
Anchor
〈◊〉
sight
of
the
point
of
Itapere
,
and
the
next
day
〈◊〉
11
a
Clock
in
the
Forenoon
,
entred
the
Bay
Dauphine
,
where
we
met
with
the
Golden-Eagle
,
●hich
was
Arrived
there
15
days
before
us
,
having
suffered
and
lost
more
Men
than
we
,
even
●fter
her
Arrival
at
Madagascar
,
the
Air
being
not
●ear
so
wholsome
here
as
in
the
Isle
of
Mascareigne
:
We
found
them
very
busie
in
refitting
the
Ships
,
which
together
with
the
Mary
,
was
design'd
to
●●rry
Monsieur
de
Faye
,
Director
of
the
East-India
Company
,
to
the
Indies
,
where
he
afterwards
Died
,
〈◊〉
Suratte
.
They
were
extreamly
overjoyed
at
the
●●ght
of
us
,
having
given
us
over
for
lost
,
and
accordingly
we
were
received
with
all
the
demon●●rations
of
joy
.
Whilst
we
were
here
,
there
Arri●ed
the
Ship
called
St.
Jean
,
from
the
East-Indies
,
Commanded
by
Monsieur
de
Lopi
,
Nephew
of
Monsieur
de
Mondevergue
,
who
was
the
King's
Lieutenant-General
in
the
Isle
of
Madagascar
.
He
●rdered
our
Ship
also
to
be
Careen'd
,
and
to
be
re●tted
,
for
the
prosecuting
our
Voyage
,
which
was
●xecuted
with
so
much
diligence
,
that
those
Ships
●et
Sail
together
for
the
Indies
,
whilst
I
with
some
●ew
continued
for
some
time
longer
in
this
Island
.
CHAP.
V.
Of
the
Isle
Dauphine
or
Madagascar
.
MAdagascar
,
the
Isle
Dauphine
,
and
St.
Lauren●
are
Names
belonging
to
one
and
the
〈◊〉
Island
.
It
s
Length
extends
from
the
right
to
the
27●
Degree
of
Southern
Latitude
.
It
is
the
largest
Island
in
the
whole
World
,
at
least
as
far
as
is
discovered
hitherto
,
being
750
French
Leagues
in
Co●pass
.
The
Climate
,
considering
its
Situation
,
〈◊〉
pretty
Temperate
;
the
ordinary
Food
of
the
Inhabitants
is
Rice
,
besides
which
,
there
is
goo●
store
of
Bananas
,
Ananas
,
Cocos
,
Oranges
,
Lim●●
and
other
sorts
of
Fruits
.
There
are
many
Rivers
,
both
small
and
great
,
in
this
Island
,
and
〈◊〉
great
many
fine
Lakes
,
which
are
extreamly
Commodious
,
and
supply
the
want
of
Rivers
in
som●
places
,
during
the
dry
Season
of
the
Year
.
Thei●
chief
Commodity
is
Oxen
,
The
Air
of
Madagascar
,
tho'
it
be
pretty
Temperate
,
The
Inhabitants
of
Madagascar
,
make
use
of
two
〈◊〉
of
Boats
,
The
Canots
are
made
out
of
one
large
piece
of
●imber
,
CHAP.
VI.
Of
their
Commerce
.
THE
Commodities
which
are
vended
by
Fo●reigners
to
the
Inhabitants
of
Madagascar
,
Near
the
Fort
Dauphin
Topazes
and
Amethysts
are
found
,
which
formerly
were
in
great
esteem
among
the
French
,
inhabiting
the
Island
;
but
experience
has
convinced
them
that
they
are
of
no
great
value
.
CHAP
VII
.
The
Inhabitants
of
Madagascar
.
THE
Inhabitants
of
this
Island
are
for
the
generality
Black
,
Treacherous
,
Savage
and
Crue
.
They
wear
their
Hair
very
long
:
There
are
also
a
●reat
many
of
a
yellowish
Complexion
,
and
some
●pproaching
to
White
,
the
last
of
which
have
much
●etter
Features
in
their
Faces
,
than
the
rest
.
At
the
time
of
the
first
arrival
of
the
French
in
this
Island
,
The
arrival
of
the
French
,
and
the
advantage
the
●egroes
observed
in
their
Fire-Arms
,
first
inspired
●●em
with
the
thoughts
by
the
help
of
these
Stran●ers
to
endeavour
to
shake
off
the
Yoak
,
which
they
●hemselves
had
imposed
upon
their
Necks
.
For
●hich
purpose
,
being
encouraged
by
the
favour
of
●●ese
new
Comers
,
they
began
by
degrees
to
sup●●ess
the
excessive
power
of
these
Tyrants
;
and
●●ese
seeing
themselves
in
danger
of
being
dispossess'd
〈◊〉
a
power
they
had
enjoy'd
so
long
without
con●●ul
,
and
being
reduced
to
despair
,
were
not
sparing
to
employ
all
their
Artifices
and
treasonable
Practices
,
to
rid
their
hands
of
these
unwellcome
Guests
;
till
at
last
it
came
to
an
open
Rupture
,
when
the
French
soon
extirpated
the
whole
race
of
these
Tyrannical
Leaders
,
The
Isle
Dauphine
is
near
as
populous
as
France
;
they
have
no
Cities
,
but
a
vast
number
of
Villages
at
a
small
distance
from
one
another
;
their
Houses
are
all
of
Wood
,
the
Doors
so
low
,
that
a
Child
of
twelve
years
can
scarce
enter
without
bending
his
Body
;
they
make
use
neither
of
Windows
nor
Chimneys
,
and
their
Houses
are
covered
with
leaves
or
a
certain
kind
of
Straw
,
Both
Men
and
Women
go
bare-headed
,
The
poorer
sort
cloath
themselves
with
a
stuff
made
out
of
the
Bark
of
Trees
,
which
reaches
no
further
than
the
Knees
;
because
it
should
be
no
impediment
to
them
in
their
daily
Employment
.
Both
Men
and
Women
take
equal
Pride
in
Bracelets
and
Necklaces
;
they
walk
all
Bare-footed
;
they
Anoint
their
Bodies
with
a
certain
stinking
Grease
,
which
together
with
their
Natural
Ugliness
,
renders
them
the
nastiest
People
in
the
Universe
.
They
make
use
of
no
other
Beds
than
Mats
spread
upon
Planks
,
a
piece
of
Wood
or
Stone
serves
them
for
a
good
Bolster
.
The
Rohundrians
(
their
chief
Governours
or
petty
Princes
)
cause
themselves
to
be
carried
in
a
kind
of
a
Litter
,
upon
the
Shoulders
of
four
Slaves
;
this
they
call
in
their
Language
Tacon
,
and
their
Women
of
Quality
are
carried
in
the
same
manner
,
as
are
also
the
Frenchmen
here
of
any
Fashion
,
especially
when
they
Travel
.
They
are
much
addicted
to
War
,
Their
Arms
they
call
Zagaye
,
During
our
stay
at
▪
Fort
Dauphine
,
we
were
engaged
in
a
War
with
one
of
the
most
Potent
Lords
of
the
whole
Island
,
whose
Name
was
Rasaf
:
He
brought
about
Fourteen
Thousand
Men
into
the
Field
,
whereas
the
whole
strength
of
the
French
consisted
only
in
an
Hundred
and
Forty
Frenchmen
,
and
Three
Hundred
Negroes
,
who
had
espoused
the
French
Interest
.
They
were
Commanded
by
Monsieur
de
Charmagouz
,
who
carrying
along
with
him
a
Led-horse
,
the
poor
Negroes
were
so
surprized
at
the
sight
of
this
Creature
,
that
they
paid
it
the
same
respect
as
to
its
Master
.
The
French
met
the
Madagascarians
,
Commandded
by
Rasaf
in
Person
,
in
a
great
Plain
,
which
by
reason
of
the
inequality
of
their
Number
,
being
very
advantageous
for
Rasaf
,
This
prosperous
Success
put
all
the
petty
Kings
of
the
whole
Island
into
such
a
Consternation
,
that
dreading
the
Fate
of
Rasaf
,
and
being
become
wiser
by
his
Misfortune
,
endeavoured
by
all
means
possible
,
to
purchase
the
Friendship
of
the
French
Nation
;
some
of
them
came
in
Person
to
do
Homage
to
Monsieur
de
Mondevergue
,
and
such
as
lived
at
a
greater
distance
,
sent
their
Ambassadors
to
perform
the
same
in
their
Master's
Name
.
But
very
few
performed
their
promise
,
some
among
them
being
so
perfidious
as
to
make
use
of
the
same
Arms
which
they
had
received
as
presents
at
the
time
of
their
being
with
Monsieur
de
Mondevergue
,
against
the
French
themselves
;
but
they
were
soon
Chastised
for
their
Insolence
,
and
the
misfortunes
attending
their
Rebellions
,
fell
at
last
upon
their
own
heads
.
CHAP.
VIII
.
Of
their
Religion
.
THere
are
so
few
foot-steps
of
Religion
to
be
seen
among
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Isle
of
Madagascar
,
that
it
might
admit
of
a
Question
;
Whether
they
have
any
or
not
?
It
is
a
General
received
Custom
among
them
,
to
Carbonade
their
Faces
and
Arms
;
but
as
they
are
altogether
stupid
and
ignorant
,
acting
without
any
rational
motive
,
I
have
never
been
able
to
discover
the
real
intention
of
this
Custom
,
whether
it
proceeded
out
of
a
motion
of
Piety
,
or
that
they
look'd
upon
it
as
conducing
to
their
Health
,
or
whether
they
thus
Martyrized
their
Bodies
for
Ornaments
sake
.
The
most
intelligible
among
them
,
confess
that
there
is
an
infinite
Sovereign
Being
,
which
Being
all
Goodness
has
the
direction
of
all
Human
Affairs
;
nevertheless
being
perverted
by
an
incorrigible
obstinacy
,
It
cannot
be
denied
,
but
that
some
of
the
French
,
by
their
manner
of
living
,
shew'd
but
a
very
ill
example
to
these
new
Converts
;
for
some
of
them
live
so
scandalous
a
life
,
that
they
were
forbid
the
use
of
the
Sacrament
,
and
to
stand
only
in
the
Church
porch
,
during
Divine
Service
.
But
this
Penance
which
was
intended
as
a
proper
remedy
to
correct
their
Libertinism
,
had
almost
proved
the
occasion
of
a
Schism
;
for
these
Libertines
having
met
with
a
Priest
of
their
own
Kidney
,
they
set
up
a
Chapel
for
their
own
use
,
where
they
exercised
Divine
Worship
in
spite
of
the
Commands
of
their
Superiours
to
the
Contrary
,
till
at
last
the
said
Chapel
was
ordered
to
be
burnt
.
Among
some
of
the
Madagascarians
they
observe
not
any
Rules
in
their
Marriages
,
I
will
not
determine
here
,
whether
the
Women
of
Madagascar
are
subject
to
the
same
pains
as
our
European
Women
in
Child-bed
;
but
thus
much
is
certain
,
that
no
sooner
are
they
delivered
,
but
leaving
the
Child
upon
a
Mat
,
they
go
straight-ways
to
the
next
River
to
Wash
themselves
,
neither
take
they
any
further
care
of
the
Child
,
but
only
to
give
it
now
and
then
the
Teat
.
They
have
certain
days
which
they
solemnize
with
Dancing
to
certain
Instruments
,
made
after
their
way
,
besides
which
they
eat
at
an
excessive
rate
.
Their
Songs
are
not
composed
to
any
certain
Tune
,
as
it
is
Customary
among
other
Nations
,
but
every
one
Sings
as
he
pleases
;
one
Voice
begins
,
the
rest
follow
and
make
up
a
Chorus
as
well
as
they
can
,
endeavouring
to
make
their
Gesticulations
bear
some
proportion
to
their
Song
and
small
Timbrels
;
all
which
together
,
makes
a
confused
,
but
sometimes
not
so
very
disagreeable
a
Noise
.
CHAP.
IX
.
Of
their
Feasts
,
THe
common
Food
of
the
Inhabitants
of
this
Island
Dauphine
or
Madagascar
,
is
Rice
boil'd
with
Salt
and
Water
,
which
serves
them
instead
of
Bread
;
not
but
that
the
Ground
will
bring
forth
good
Wheat
,
but
the
laziness
of
those
,
who
should
cultivate
it
,
deprives
them
of
the
advantage
of
this
so
useful
Commodity
.
In
their
Feasts
they
observe
the
following
method
;
in
the
middle
of
the
Assembly
,
which
lie
all
round
about
upon
the
Ground
,
they
set
a
good
quantity
of
boiled
Rice
;
then
they
lay
a
whole
Ox
,
(
or
sometimes
two
or
three
,
according
to
the
number
of
the
Guests
)
extended
upon
his
Hide
,
which
serves
instead
of
a
Dish
;
every
one
cuts
a
good
piece
for
himself
where
he
pleases
,
which
having
put
upon
a
Wooden
Stick
,
he
holds
it
a
little
to
the
Fire
,
and
so
devours
it
before
it
be
half
roasted
.
There
is
good
store
of
Grapes
in
this
Island
,
but
they
make
seldom
any
Wine
of
them
;
nay
,
the
Negroes
will
scarce
touch
them
to
eat
;
for
before
the
French
came
into
the
Isle
,
they
look'd
upon
them
as
Poison
.
They
make
their
Drink
out
of
Honey
,
which
they
call
Tenteb
,
and
their
Wine
Chictenteb
,
which
signifies
as
much
as
Honey
Wine
,
In
each
Village
there
is
a
large
publick
Hall
,
open
on
all
sides
,
covered
only
on
the
Roof
,
where
they
put
upon
any
Solemn
occasion
,
a
great
Vessel
with
this
Hydromel
,
containing
three
or
four
Hogs-heads
,
according
to
the
Number
of
People
inhabiting
the
Village
,
and
the
Rohundrian
having
ordered
a
proportionable
quantity
of
Beef
and
Rice
to
be
brought
thither
,
he
himself
follows
in
Person
,
and
thus
entertains
his
Subjects
from
Morning
till
Night
.
CHAP.
X.
Of
Locusts
Crocodiles
and
Camelions
.
THere
is
scarce
any
body
so
ignorant
,
but
what
knows
,
how
God
Almighty
in
former
●ges
made
use
of
Locusts
to
afflict
the
Aegyptians
,
●●d
to
reduce
Pharaoh
to
Obedience
;
the
same
Pro●●dence
does
also
to
this
day
,
send
this
Plague
at
●●rtain
times
among
the
Inhabitants
of
Madagascar
,
●here
they
sometimes
are
to
be
seen
in
such
prodi●●ous
Numbers
,
that
they
lay
that
part
of
the
Coun●●y
,
were
they
pass
,
quite
desolate
,
and
occasion
●●ch
a
Famine
,
that
the
Cattle
die
for
want
of
●●od
,
it
being
not
the
custom
of
the
Negroes
,
to
lay
〈◊〉
any
thing
for
future
use
.
I
was
once
my self
an
●ye-witness
of
such
a
dreadful
inundation
,
which
●ppening
in
the
Month
of
February
,
began
at
six
〈◊〉
Clock
in
the
Morning
,
and
continued
till
Noon
,
●●ere
was
such
an
infinite
Number
of
them
,
as
that
●●ey
fill'd
the
whole
Air
,
and
quite
darkned
the
Sky
▪
●et
notwithstanding
,
that
it
was
a
very
serene
and
●ear
day
,
these
few
Hours
were
sufficient
to
de●●roy
all
the
Fruits
of
the
Earth
.
They
are
no
●●gger
than
in
France
,
but
they
fly
much
further
;
●●ey
are
driven
along
by
the
Wind
,
and
it
is
a
good
●●ance
if
the
Wind
happens
to
blow
them
towards
〈◊〉
Sea
,
where
they
commonly
find
their
Graves
〈◊〉
the
Salt
Water
;
some
are
of
Opinion
,
that
they
●re
carried
hither
from
the
Continent
of
Africa
,
but
〈◊〉
cannot
agree
with
this
Opinion
,
by
reason
of
the
vast
●●istance
of
the
African
Coast
from
the
Isle
of
Madagascar
.
The
Negroes
eat
them
,
to
revenge
them●elves
,
as
they
say
,
upon
their
Carcasses
,
for
the
Evils
they
make
them
endure
;
and
I
have
seen
some
French
eat
them
,
with
as
good
an
Appetite
,
as
〈◊〉
Blacks
,
who
all
affirm
,
that
they
are
of
a
very
goo●
taste
.
There
are
a
great
number
of
Crocodiles
in
〈◊〉
Lakes
and
Rivers
of
this
Island
;
the
Inhabitan●●
call
them
Jacaret
,
Experience
has
sufficiently
convinced
us
,
th●●
what
has
been
related
concerning
the
Crocodil●
how
they
draw
the
Passengers
into
the
Snare
,
in
o●der
to
surprize
and
devour
them
,
is
a
meer
〈◊〉
as
is
also
what
has
been
invented
concerning
th●
Spittle
,
which
they
leave
behind
them
:
As
soon
〈◊〉
they
are
got
a
shoar
,
their
natural
Courage
,
Act●vity
and
Strength
leaves
them
.
Of
this
,
we
saw
an
instance
in
a
young
Frenc●
man
,
who
Washing
himself
one
day
in
a
certai●
Lake
,
called
the
Sweet
Lake
,
was
all
on
a
sudden
surprized
and
attack'd
by
a
Crocodile
,
who
seiz●●
him
by
the
Leg.
Notwithstanding
the
painfulness
●…f
his
Wound
,
he
did
not
loose
Courage
,
but
recollecting
himself
as
well
as
he
could
,
he
watch'd
●…is
opportunity
so
well
as
to
take
hold
of
the
Crocodile's
upper
Jaw
,
which
being
a
long
move●…ble
he
dragg'd
him
thus
,
with
an
incredible
re●…olution
,
to
the
Shoar
of
the
Lake
.
He
had
re●…eiv'd
6
Wounds
in
this
Engagement
with
the
Crocodile
,
and
lost
abundance
of
Blood
,
but
was
●…y
the
help
of
proper
Remedies
afterwards
perfectly
restored
.
That
which
indeed
most
contributed
towards
the
obtaining
this
Victory
,
was
,
●…hat
this
Crocodile
was
none
of
the
biggest
.
The
Negroes
consider
the
Crocodile
no
otherwise
than
a
Devil
,
Before
I
conclude
this
Chapter
,
I
must
say
something
concerning
the
Camelion
.
As
I
had
often
heard
it
affirm'd
positively
for
Truth
,
that
it
lived
upon
nothing
but
the
Air
,
I
had
the
Curiosity
to
open
several
of
them
,
〈◊〉
which
I
found
full
of
Flies
,
CHAP.
XI
.
A
Voyage
to
Galamboule
.
DUring
our
stay
at
Fort
Dauphine
,
there
Arrive●
several
Ships
from
the
Indies
,
laden
with
Provisions
,
which
came
very
opportunely
to
supply
our
present
Necessities
,
occasion'd
by
the
last
Inu●dations
of
the
Locusts
.
Monsieur
de
Mondevergue
,
being
at
that
time
preparing
to
return
into
France
,
he
order'd
a
Ship
lately
come
from
Suratte
,
to
be
got
ready
,
in
order
to
send
it
to
Galamboule
,
and
some
Islands
in
those
parts
,
to
fetch
him
what
Necessaries
he
had
occasion
for
,
and
to
bring
away
such
French
as
were
in
Garrison
in
several
little
Forts
in
those
parts
,
which
were
very
chargeable
to
the
East-India
Company
,
without
any
prospect
of
Advantages
.
Abundance
of
Sick
were
also
Shipp'd
on
Board
the
Vessel
,
to
be
carried
to
the
Isle
of
Burbon
,
for
the
recovery
of
their
Health
,
with
whom
I
embark'd
,
in
the
Ship
called
the
Crown
,
Commanded
by
Captain
Lovet
,
and
set
Sail
in
the
beginning
of
April
.
The
difficulty
we
met
with
at
our
going
out
of
the
Bay
Dauphine
,
was
a
sure
presage
of
the
Misfortunes
that
befell
us
afterwards
,
in
our
passage
from
Madagascar
to
Mascareigne
,
which
we
could
not
accomplish
till
after
a
most
troublesome
and
tedious
Voyage
of
30
Days
;
whereas
,
with
a
fair
Gale
it
may
be
performed
in
five
:
abundance
of
our
Sick
Men
died
,
in
the
mean
while
,
we
lost
our
●●ain
Top-Mast
,
by
the
fury
of
the
Tempest
,
〈◊〉
were
reduced
to
that
extremity
for
want
of
●●ovisions
,
that
we
had
nothing
left
,
The
cause
of
these
Disasters
being
in
a
great
mea●●re
attributed
to
the
ill
Conduct
of
the
Captain
,
●●ere
arose
a
Mutiny
in
the
Ship
,
so
that
we
had
●●ough
to
do
to
prevent
the
Sea-Men
from
throw●●g
him
over
Board
.
At
last
after
a
great
many
●●igues
and
dangers
,
we
came
within
sight
of
〈◊〉
Isle
of
St.
Maurice
,
The
next
day
follwing
we
cast
Anchor
near
St.
〈◊〉
,
where
such
of
the
Sick
as
had
escaped
with
me
●●ter
so
troublesome
a
Voyage
,
were
set
on
Shoar
,
and
●●ter
we
had
taken
in
fresh
Provisions
,
we
set
Sail
〈◊〉
Galamboule
.
Our
Pilot
was
a
Drunken
Dutch
Man
,
who
having
mistaken
his
Course
,
we
found
our selves
fallen
off
too
far
to
the
North
,
This
part
of
the
Isle
Dauphine
,
or
Madagascar
,
〈◊〉
Situate
under
15
Degrees
and
50
Minutes
of
Southern
Latitude
,
15
Leagues
distant
from
the
Isle
of
St.
Mary
,
where
we
had
one
of
these
Forts
,
which
were
to
be
Abandoned
by
order
from
the
Company
.
We
shew'd
them
the
Orders
of
Monsieur
de
Mondevergue
,
in
order
to
get
themselves
ready
for
their
departure
,
against
our
return
;
and
the
next
day
set
Sail
for
the
Isle
of
St.
Mary
,
where
we
shew'd
them
the
same
orders
we
had
left
at
Galamboule
.
The
Isle
of
St.
Mary
is
Situate
under
the
fifteenth
Degree
of
Southern
Latitude
,
Isle
of
St.
Mary
.
its
Compass
is
of
about
4
Leagues
,
and
2
Leagues
distant
from
the
Isle
of
Madagascar
.
It
is
a
very
fruitful
Island
,
and
well
peopled
,
it
produces
abundance
of
Am●er-grease
,
which
the
Inhabitants
mix
with
their
Tobacco
,
when
they
Smoak
,
besides
that
,
they
〈◊〉
a
considerable
quantity
to
the
French
.
But
〈◊〉
Air
is
here
very
unwholsome
,
by
reason
of
〈◊〉
continual
Rains
,
that
fall
all
the
Year
round
.
Thi●
Island
contains
a
prodigious
number
of
Apes
,
〈◊〉
different
kinds
and
shape
,
which
are
very
mi●●chievous
;
One
of
our
Sea-Men
had
the
misfortu●●
to
be
convinced
of
it
by
woeful
Experience
.
Fo●
having
a
great
Inclination
to
Taste
some
of
〈◊〉
Oranges
,
which
the
Negroes
call
Vorgases
,
he
we●●
into
an
Adjacent
Wood
,
to
satisfie
his
Appetite
〈◊〉
but
scarce
was
he
advanced
a
few
paces
within
〈◊〉
Wood
,
when
he
was
furiously
attack'd
by
the●●
Animals
,
who
took
from
him
his
Fusee
,
teari●●
him
with
their
paws
,
in
a
most
dreadful
manner
,
〈◊〉
stuck
so
close
to
him
,
that
his
Comrades
who
hearing
him
cry
out
most
pitifully
,
came
to
his
relief●
had
enough
to
do
to
rescue
him
from
the
fury
o●
these
dangerous
Creatures
.
Having
dispatch'd
our
Business
at
St.
Mary's
we
directed
our
Course
towards
Antongil
.
At
the
Entrance
of
the
Bay
,
we
were
in
most
immine●●
danger
of
having
been
lost
,
and
dash'd
to
pieces
against
a
great
Rock
,
which
by
reason
of
a
very
thick
Fog
,
we
did
not
discover
,
till
we
were
come
within
Musket-Shot
of
it
,
when
by
good
chance
the
Sun
having
favoured
us
with
a
glance
,
we
were
made
sensible
of
our
danger
,
and
immediately
cast
Anchor
near
one
of
the
small
Islands
in
the
Bay
.
CHAP.
XII
.
●f
the
Bay
of
Antongil
,
and
our
return
to
Fort
Dauphine
.
THE
Bay
of
Antongil
,
We
catch'd
here
abundance
of
Wild-Fowl
,
and
reckoning
the
Commodities
we
Truckt
with
them
,
at
the
rate
they
Cost
us
in
France
,
we
did
not
pay
for
a
good
Fowl
above
one
Penny
.
After
we
had
got
on
Board
as
much
as
we
had
occasion
for
at
present
,
we
doubled
the
uttermost
Cape
of
the
Bay
,
in
order
to
our
return
to
St.
Mary's
,
where
we
also
continu'd
no
longer
,
than
was
absolutely
requisite
to
Embark
those
we
came
to
fetch
away
.
Some
that
were
Married
in
the
Country
,
chose
rather
to
stay
behind
,
than
to
leave
their
Wives
,
Thus
we
quitted
this
dangerous
Port
,
The
Pilots
frequenting
these
Coasts
,
are
always
very
careful
to
come
to
an
Anchor
towards
Night
,
near
this
Point
,
and
to
stay
till
Day-light
,
the
better
to
avoid
the
Rocks
that
are
at
the
Entrance
of
the
Bay
Dauphine
;
but
our
Pilot
being
fool-hardy
,
continu'd
his
Course
all
the
Night
,
so
that
at
break
of
Day
,
beside
the
danger
we
had
escaped
,
of
being
lost
upon
the
Shelves
and
Rocks
,
we
found
our selves
a
great
way
below
the
Bay
.
The
worst
of
all
was
,
that
being
encouraged
by
the
hopes
of
a
speedy
Passage
,
we
had
not
managed
our
Provisions
to
the
best
Advantage
,
so
that
having
nothing
left
,
but
a
small
quantity
of
Rice
,
we
began
to
consult
what
was
most
expedient
to
be
done
in
this
present
emergency
;
then
it
was
at
last
resolved
to
approach
the
Shoar
,
and
to
Land
all
those
whom
we
had
brought
along
with
us
from
St.
Mary's
and
Galamboule
.
Pursuant
to
this
Resolution
,
we
came
to
an
Anchor
in
the
Bay
of
Galleons
,
which
received
its
Name
from
some
Portuguese
Galleons
that
were
lost
near
this
place
.
This
Bay
being
not
above
3
Leagues
from
Fort
Dauphine
,
we
only
stay'd
for
Day-light
,
that
we
might
with
the
more
conveniency
disembark
our
Men
;
where
on
a
sudden
,
a
fresh
Gale
arising
from
the
West
,
we
immediately
set
Sail
,
and
after
some
small
difficulties
,
which
we
easily
surmounted
,
entred
the
so
much
desired
Fort
about
Noon
,
on
the
5th
of
August
.
So
soon
as
we
found
our selves
in
a
place
of
security
,
the
whole
Ships
Crew
made
their
Complaints
against
the
Captain
,
who
being
immediately
dispossess'd
,
Monsieur
Lambety
,
who
had
formerly
Commanded
the
Ship
,
was
put
in
his
place
.
CHAP.
XIII
.
Our
Departure
from
Madagascar
to
the
Indies
.
THE
New
Captain
received
immediate
Orders
to
have
his
Ship
refitted
,
and
to
prepare
every
thing
for
his
Voyage
to
the
Indies
,
whither
he
was
to
go
in
Company
with
the
Mazarine
Frigat
,
and
a
Hoy
called
the
St.
John
.
The
Season
being
very
far
advanced
,
we
got
every
thing
in
readiness
with
the
utmost
diligence
;
so
that
all
the
three
Ships
being
in
a
Sailing
posture
by
the
12th
of
August
,
we
doubled
the
most
Southern
Cape
of
the
Isle
Dauphine
,
with
a
North-East
Wind
,
blowing
a
fresh
Gale
;
the
Mazarine
Frigat
being
an
Old
Ship
,
lost
her
Main
Top-Mast
,
and
her
Main-Yard
,
of
which
Accidents
we
were
quickly
advertised
in
our
Ship
;
but
our
Orders
being
to
make
the
best
of
our
way
to
Suratte
,
we
did
not
stay
for
the
rest
,
but
pursued
our
Voyage
alone
.
The
Wind
proved
as
favourable
to
us
as
we
could
have
wish'd
,
St.
Austin
.
so
that
making
use
of
all
our
Sails
,
we
pass'd
in
sight
of
the
Bay
of
St.
Austin
,
a
good
Port
belonging
to
the
Isle
of
Madagascar
,
Situate
on
the
West
side
of
the
Island
,
under
the
five
and
Twentieth
Degree
of
Southern
Latitude
;
from
whence
we
steer'd
our
Course
to
the
Isle
of
Don
John
,
Isle
of
Don
John
.
where
we
intended
to
refresh
our selves
.
The
Portugueses
have
given
the
Island
this
Name
,
after
him
who
was
the
first
discoverer
of
it
.
It
is
Situate
betwixt
the
Continent
of
Africa
and
the
Isle
of
Madagascar
,
near
3
or
4
other
Islands
,
the
most
considerable
of
which
,
is
called
Majota
.
We
were
scarce
come
within
sight
of
it
,
when
being
becalmed
,
the
violence
of
the
Current
drove
us
upon
the
Rocks
,
which
surrounded
this
Island
,
where
we
must
have
infallibly
perished
,
if
the
Calm
had
continued
a
little
longer
;
but
there
arising
a
Gale
,
we
continued
our
Voyage
,
without
pursuing
our
design
of
refreshing
our selves
,
for
feat
of
a
new
Accident
.
We
passed
pretty
near
the
Isle
of
Socotora
,
The
Indian
Shoar
about
Suratte
being
very
low
,
we
were
very
careful
in
sounding
frequently
the
depths
;
notwithstanding
which
precaution
,
we
passed
over
,
the
Sand
Banks
lying
betwixt
Diu
and
Daman
,
belonging
to
the
Portugueses
,
of
which
we
shall
have
occasion
to
speak
hereafter
,
from
the
18th
to
the
20th
of
September
,
being
misguided
by
the
unskilfulness
of
our
Pilot
;
Our
Vessels
being
but
very
small
and
not
heavy
Laden
,
we
escaped
this
danger
,
without
receiving
the
least
damage
.
Towards
Night
,
we
discovered
the
Ships
riding
at
Anchor
in
the
Road
of
Suratte
,
before
we
could
discover
the
Land
;
and
,
as
the
late
danger
we
had
so
narrowly
escaped
,
made
us
act
with
more
circumspection
,
we
cast
Anchor
till
break
of
Day
.
The
21st
we
Arrived
in
the
Road
,
about
two
Leagues
distant
from
the
Rivers
Mouth
,
We
had
at
last
once
more
the
good
fortune
to
escape
this
danger
,
the
Winds
having
abated
their
fury
;
and
to
add
to
our
good
fortune
,
all
our
Messengers
Arrived
safely
at
Suratte
,
to
the
no
small
astonishment
of
all
that
beheld
them
.
Monsieur
Carva
,
immediately
sent
us
some
Provisions
,
Pil●ts
,
and
Sea-Men
,
to
assist
us
in
making
the
River
,
but
they
did
not
come
on
Board
of
us
till
the
23d
.
The
St.
John
Hoy
having
been
driven
in
the
last
Storm
upon
a
Sand
Bank
,
had
also
the
good
fortune
to
get
clear
by
the
help
of
the
Tyde
.
With
the
assistance
of
those
sent
us
from
Suratte
,
we
made
the
River
,
which
however
by
reason
of
the
swiftness
of
the
Current
we
did
not
enter
without
much
difficulty
,
The
Vessel
in
which
I
came
,
was
immediately
ordered
to
be
Careened
,
and
being
freighted
for
Masusipatan
,
departed
towards
the
end
of
November
;
the
St.
John
returned
to
the
Isle
Dauphine
,
and
the
Mazarine
Frigat
,
which
Arrived
not
till
a
considerable
time
after
,
being
an
Old
Ship
,
and
no
longer
able
to
endure
the
Sea
,
was
broke
to
pieces
.
The
Ship
called
the
Crown
;
which
had
brought
me
to
Suratte
,
being
as
I
told
before
,
ordered
to
go
to
Masusipatan
,
a
City
upon
the
Coast
of
Cormandel
,
I
left
her
,
expecting
further
Orders
at
Suratte
;
so
that
pursuant
to
my
design
,
I
will
give
an
exact
account
of
what
I
found
most
remarkable
in
that
City
.
CHAP.
XIV
.
Of
the
City
of
Suratte
.
THE
City
is
Situate
under
the
one
and
Twentieth
Degree
of
North
Latitude
,
and
is
one
of
the
most
considerable
Ports
in
the
Empire
of
the
Great
Mogul
.
It
is
very
large
and
populous
,
Built
upon
the
Banks
of
a
fair
River
,
which
runs
under
its
Walls
,
and
about
3
Leagues
from
thence
disembogues
into
the
Sea
.
When
I
Arrived
near
the
City
,
the
Gates
were
not
shut
up
;
the
Inhabitants
were
obliged
for
their
Security
to
a
neighbouring
Prince
called
Sevagi
,
who
by
his
frequent
Incursions
has
caused
them
to
surround
their
City
with
a
good
Wall
,
and
to
be
constantly
upon
their
Guard
.
The
Sand
Banks
which
are
at
the
Entrance
of
this
River
,
are
very
uncertain
,
being
by
the
violence
of
the
Current
frequently
transposed
from
one
place
to
another
,
so
that
they
are
rarely
to
be
met
withal
two
Years
together
in
the
same
place
,
which
renders
the
passage
of
Ships
both
very
troublesome
and
dangerous
.
The
Streets
of
Suratte
are
handsome
enough
,
but
they
have
this
inconvenience
,
All
Houses
of
people
of
any
Fashion
,
have
their
Gardens
surrounded
with
fine
Arbours
,
People
of
Quality
,
nay
,
even
those
of
an
Inferiour
Rank
,
have
their
Bathing
places
,
which
being
made
all
of
Stone
,
are
extreamly
neat
.
They
make
use
of
them
partly
upon
the
account
of
their
Religion
,
partly
to
allay
the
violence
of
the
heat
of
the
Climate
.
The
French
,
English
,
and
Dutch
,
Inhabit
the
best
Houses
in
Suratte
,
those
of
the
Armenians
are
no
less
Sumptuous
,
and
all
of
them
are
very
pleasantly
Seated
.
Suratte
is
a
place
of
great
Commerce
;
Their
Diamonds
are
brought
thither
out
of
the
Kingdom
of
Golconda
,
Indies
,
Malaca
furnishes
them
with
Nutmegs
,
Macasar
with
Clove-Gilly-flowers
,
the
Isle
of
Ceilon
with
Cinnamon
,
all
the
Coast
of
Malabar
with
Pepper
;
so
that
there
is
nothing
so
precious
or
rare
,
but
the
Ware-Houses
of
Suratte
are
sufficiently
provided
with
it
.
The
Governour
of
the
whole
Province
,
Livers
per
Month
,
without
being
oblig'd
to
provide
them
with
Victuals
,
unless
you
go
into
the
Country
.
Those
that
cannot
afford
a
Palanquin
,
go
on
Horse-back
,
and
the
Indians
have
very
Fine
Horses
,
which
are
brought
thither
out
of
Arabia
.
The
Place
of
the
Governour
of
Suratte
is
not
Hereditary
,
and
is
seldom
continued
for
above
4
or
5
Years
to
the
same
Person
.
On
the
West
side
of
the
City
,
All
the
Europeans
keep
some
Canons
near
their
Houses
,
wherewith
they
defend
themselves
against
the
Insolency
of
the
Rabble
,
when
they
are
in
a
Mutiny
,
which
happens
very
often
among
so
many
Barbarous
Nations
.
They
have
a
great
many
publick
Bagnio's
,
CHAP.
XV.
A
further
Description
of
Suratte
.
ABout
a
quarter
of
a
League
from
Suratte
,
there
is
a
great
Tancke
or
Cistern
,
made
of
Free-Stone
.
It
was
Built
by
a
Rich
Banjan
,
and
is
of
a
great
Circumference
;
you
go
into
it
by
a
fair
pair
of
Stairs
,
and
in
the
middle
you
see
a
little
Temple
Consecrated
to
their
Gods
,
unto
whom
,
they
offer
their
Prayers
,
after
they
have
Bathed
themselves
.
The
Walks
leading
to
it
are
very
finely
Planted
with
Trees
,
and
are
look'd
upon
as
the
most
pleasant
of
the
whole
Country
.
There
are
also
about
Suratte
,
The
Banjans
Inhabiting
Suratte
,
are
indeed
the
Richest
,
and
have
the
chief
management
of
the
Traffick
throughout
the
Indies
;
nevertheless
,
the
Moors
or
Mahometans
live
in
much
more
splendor
.
If
a
person
of
Quality
happens
to
pass
through
the
City
,
upon
any
Solemn
occasion
,
he
has
his
Trumpets
before
him
,
which
being
8
or
10
Foot
long
,
and
proportionable
in
bigness
,
make
a
pleasant
and
Warlike
Harmony
.
After
the
Example
of
these
,
Foreigners
who
bear
any
considerable
Office
have
the
Arms
of
the
Princes
or
Common-wealths
,
whom
they
serve
,
carried
before
them
,
and
have
likewise
their
Trumpets
,
which
attend
them
where
ever
they
go
.
At
about
a
League
distant
from
the
City
,
there
is
a
Village
which
is
inhabited
only
by
Persians
or
Parsis
,
The
Air
of
Suratte
is
very
good
;
it
is
never
cold
here
,
and
the
heats
are
pretty
tolerable
.
The
Port
of
Sovaly
is
about
four
Leagues
to
the
North-West
,
Banjans
,
Moors
and
Persians
,
who
during
the
time
,
that
the
European
Vessels
tarry
in
this
Port
,
set
up
their
Booths
,
which
being
put
in
good
order
,
and
divided
into
several
Streets
,
make
up
a
kind
of
a
moveable
Village
,
where
they
sell
every
thing
,
which
may
be
useful
to
the
Foreign
Mariners
.
There
hapned
some
years
before
my
arrival
,
an
unlucky
accident
to
a
Frenchman
in
this
Port
,
which
had
been
likely
to
have
proved
of
very
ill
consequence
.
A
Mahometan
came
on
board
a
French
Vessel
to
cheapen
some
things
,
and
amongst
the
rest
,
asked
them
,
whether
they
had
any
Pistols
to
sell
?
Several
pair
having
been
shew'd
him
,
he
went
to
discharge
one
of
them
out
of
a
Window
in
the
Cabin
,
but
he
,
who
was
the
Seller
,
finding
him
very
unexpert
in
handling
of
Fire-arms
,
took
one
and
discharged
it
himself
;
but
the
Pistol
being
charged
with
three
Bullets
,
he
unfortunately
shot
a
young
Child
which
was
playing
a
shoar
,
through
the
Breast
,
of
which
it
died
instantly
.
The
news
of
this
unfortunate
accident
was
soon
spread
,
not
only
through
the
Village
,
but
in
Suratte
it self
,
where
the
Rabble
began
to
be
mutinous
,
and
to
declare
publickly
,
that
they
would
not
rest
satisfied
,
till
they
had
Sacrificed
all
the
French
in
Suratte
,
and
had
revenged
the
Death
of
the
Child
upon
a
Nation
,
who
made
killing
and
slaying
their
Pass-time
;
so
that
for
several
days
together
,
no
Frenchman
durst
stir
out
of
the
Doors
.
At
last
,
the
Person
,
who
by
his
carelessness
had
been
the
occasion
of
this
unfortunate
accident
,
having
by
some
of
his
Friends
convinced
them
of
his
innocence
,
the
matter
was
accommodated
,
and
the
Tumult
ceased
.
For
it
hapned
,
that
the
Child
that
was
killed
,
belonged
to
Pagan
Parents
,
so
that
they
were
appeased
by
the
means
of
a
Sum
of
Money
,
under
condition
,
that
the
who
had
committed
the
Fact
,
should
not
be
permitted
to
come
ashoar
,
but
to
return
into
Europe
,
by
the
same
Vessel
that
had
brought
him
thither
.
If
this
Child
had
been
a
Mahometan
,
he
would
not
have
come
off
at
so
easie
a
rate
,
but
would
have
been
in
no
small
danger
of
his
Life
,
it
being
an
indispensable
Law
,
and
always
religiously
observed
among
the
Mahometans
,
that
if
a
Foreigner
,
but
especially
a
Christian
,
kills
a
Musulman
(
a
name
which
all
the
Mahometans
assume
,
signifying
as
much
as
a
true
Believer
)
he
must
expiate
the
crime
by
his
Death
.
CHAP.
XVI
.
Of
their
different
Religions
.
TO
give
an
exact
account
here
of
all
the
Sects
of
the
Indians
,
would
be
too
tedious
,
if
not
quite
impossible
.
The
Christian
Faith
was
first
planted
in
those
parts
by
St.
Thomas
,
and
that
Apostle
sealed
the
truth
of
the
Gospel
which
he
had
Preached
to
these
Infidels
with
his
Blood
.
On
the
Coast
of
Cormandel
it
is
preserved
in
its
purity
to
this
day
;
and
before
these
People
entred
into
commerce
with
the
Portuguese
,
they
only
made
use
of
the
Gospel
of
St.
Matthew
in
those
Eastern
parts
;
The
Portugueses
who
have
sufficiently
testified
their
Zeal
for
the
propagating
of
the
Christian
Doctrine
,
have
made
considerable
progresses
in
the
Indies
,
towards
the
Establishment
of
Christianity
;
nothing
can
be
more
compleat
than
their
Churches
and
Monasteries
,
but
their
Zeal
is
involved
in
no
small
difficulties
,
which
obstructs
their
pious
Endeavours
.
The
severity
of
the
Inquisition
establish'd
in
all
places
under
the
obedience
of
the
King
of
Portugal
,
Though
the
Christians
are
not
allowed
the
publick
Exercise
of
their
Religion
,
in
the
Territories
▪
under
the
jurisdiction
of
the
Mahometans
,
nevertheless
they
are
not
debarr'd
from
Worshipping
Go●
in
private
.
There
are
certain
private
Convents
,
such
a
one
the
French
Capuchins
have
at
Suratte
;
but
they
are
forbidden
under
pain
of
Death
to
teach
any
thing
to
the
Mahometans
,
which
may
induce
them
to
embrace
the
Christian
Faith
,
and
if
a
Mahomet●●
be
suspected
to
have
received
the
least
tincture
of
Christianity
,
he
is
Condemned
to
the
Flames
,
unless
he
will
save
his
life
by
a
publick
Profession
of
Mahometism
.
There
are
at
Suratte
a
great
Number
of
Armenia●
Christians
,
of
the
Greek
Church
,
who
have
their
Churches
,
as
well
as
the
Roman
Catholicks
,
the
English
,
Dutch
,
and
other
European
Nations
;
but
the
Sect
of
Mahomet
is
the
most
prodominant
in
the
Indies
,
and
other
parts
of
Asia
,
both
for
its
number
and
strength
.
The
Great
Mogul
himself
,
is
a
Mahometan
,
and
most
of
his
Subject
,
follow
his
Footsteps
.
There
is
also
in
the
Indies
another
sort
of
People
,
in
the
Indies
.
called
Parsis
or
Perse
,
descended
from
the
race
of
the
Antient
Persians
,
who
being
forced
out
of
their
Native
Country
by
the
first
Mahometans
,
endeavoured
to
preserve
their
lives
from
the
rage
of
their
Enemies
by
flight
.
They
were
toss'd
upon
the
Sea
,
for
a
considerable
time
,
and
many
of
them
being
lost
in
their
Voyage
,
three
of
their
Vessels
came
to
the
Indian
shoar
,
whereof
the
first
set
up
themselves
near
Suratte
,
the
second
at
Dieu
,
and
the
third
at
Gandavy
,
a
Town
betwixt
Suratte
and
Daman
.
They
are
neither
very
Numerous
nor
Rich
,
one
of
the
fundamental
Rules
of
their
Faith
is
,
not
to
wear
any
other
Arms
but
a
little
Knife
;
they
respect
and
adore
the
Sun
,
and
the
Firelike
Deities
,
and
they
look
upon
it
as
a
great
crime
to
extinguish
a
Candle
,
or
at
least
they
must
do
it
by
a
sudden
Agitation
of
the
Candle
,
if
they
would
not
have
it
burn
any
longer
.
Their
Lamps
and
Fire-places
are
their
●ltars
;
they
neither
Interr
nor
burn
their
Dead
;
●●ey
make
certain
Cisterns
in
the
Ground
,
covered
●ith
an
Iron
Grate
,
where
they
expose
their
dead
●●orps
to
the
Rays
of
the
Sun
.
Though
all
those
who
don
't
receive
Baptism
,
may
〈◊〉
numbred
among
the
Pagans
,
and
that
the
Parsis
〈◊〉
such
in
effect
;
nevertheless
,
the
Indians
,
by
rea●on
of
the
plurality
of
their
Gods
,
may
most
pro●erly
be
comprehended
under
that
Name
;
such
be●●g
their
ridiculous
Superstition
,
as
to
extend
to
〈◊〉
adoration
of
Adders
,
Serpents
,
and
other
Crea●●res
.
All
the
Pagans
have
a
great
Veneration
for
Apes
and
Oxen
;
they
are
divided
into
several
Races
,
Fa●ilies
and
Seats
,
which
the
Portugueses
comprehend
●nder
the
Name
of
Casta
.
The
chiefest
and
most
considerable
among
them
〈◊〉
,
The
Banjans
are
the
next
in
order
,
There
is
besides
these
an
infinite
number
of
other
Sects
among
the
Pagans
,
each
Profession
maintaining
a
particular
Race
;
But
they
are
not
all
ty'd
to
the
same
austerity
of
Life
.
Some
of
them
will
eat
Fish
,
others
all
sorts
of
Meat
,
except
Beef
.
There
is
a
certain
Gang
of
them
,
in
the
Indies
.
who
making
a
shew
of
Poverty
,
spend
all
their
days
in
Begging
,
and
as
they
are
much
respected
where
ever
they
come
,
so
they
rather
command
than
beg
Alms.
They
flock
in
great
numbers
about
the
Country
,
especially
near
their
Temples
,
they
are
very
insolent
,
and
let
their
Hair
grow
very
long
,
to
distinguish
themselves
from
the
other
Pagans
,
who
shave
themselves
all
over
,
unless
it
be
a
lock
,
which
they
leave
on
the
top
of
the
Head
as
a
Mark
of
their
Religion
.
Those
who
let
their
Hair
grow
thus
long
,
make
use
of
a
certain
Pill
,
which
makes
the
Hair
grow
both
very
thick
and
long
.
I
have
seen
some
of
them
wear
their
Hair
near
two
Fathoms
long
.
There
are
some
who
call
themselves
Faquirs
;
The
greatest
part
of
the
Pagans
Subject
,
to
the
Great
Mogul
,
burn
their
Dead
,
and
there
are
but
●ew
Nations
in
all
the
Indies
,
who
interr
them
after
●he
example
of
the
Europeans
.
CHAP.
XVII
.
How
the
Indian
Women
burn
themselves
with
the
dead
Carcasses
of
their
Husbands
.
THE
Indian
Histories
affirm
,
That
in
former
Ages
these
Countries
being
Governed
by
Pagan
Princes
,
the
Women
often
grown
weary
of
their
Husbands
,
made
a
common
practice
of
ridding
their
hands
of
them
by
Poison
.
Many
Ages
after
the
Mahometans
being
become
Masters
of
the
greatest
part
of
the
Indies
,
were
for
abolishing
this
dreadful
Custom
of
forcing
People
to
be
their
own
Executioners
;
for
which
reason
it
was
ordained
,
that
none
should
be
constrained
to
Sacrifice
themselves
at
their
Husbands
Funerals
,
but
that
they
should
be
left
to
their
liberty
,
either
to
survive
or
die
with
them
.
The
Governours
are
in
Person
to
examine
such
of
the
Pagan
Women
as
offer
themselves
to
be
Burnt
;
they
are
to
endeavour
by
all
fair
means
and
perswasions
,
to
divert
them
from
their
designs
,
and
if
they
persist
in
their
Resolution
,
they
are
obliged
to
give
their
consent
,
but
withall
to
keep
them
under
a
strict
Guard
,
for
fear
,
that
if
they
should
happen
to
change
their
mind
,
they
may
not
be
rescued
out
of
their
hands
.
They
look
upon
this
as
a
very
necessary
precaution
,
the
better
to
oblige
them
to
reflect
seriously
upon
what
they
undertake
,
before
they
enter
upon
so
fatal
a
Resolution
;
for
there
have
not
been
wanting
instances
of
those
,
who
at
first
courted
and
demanded
Death
from
the
Governours
with
an
undaunted
Courage
,
who
have
been
startled
and
trembled
at
the
sight
of
the
Funeral
Pile
,
and
too
late
repented
themselves
of
their
rash
Vows
.
The
Ceremony
is
performed
in
the
following
manner
:
Being
arrived
at
the
place
,
the
dead
Corps
is
laid
upon
the
Bank
of
the
River
,
where
the
Widow
washes
it
;
which
done
,
it
is
carried
into
a
little
Hut
of
seven
or
eight
foot
square
,
made
for
that
purpose
of
very
dry
Wood
,
covered
with
Reed
,
dip'd
in
Oil
,
Rosin
and
Brimstone
,
to
render
it
the
more
Combustible
;
it
has
a
little
Door
through
which
the
dead
Body
being
conveyed
into
the
place
,
the
Widow
comes
out
of
the
Water
,
and
thus
wet
,
takes
several
rounds
about
the
Funeral
Pile
,
which
done
,
she
embraces
her
Children
,
if
she
have
any
,
and
the
rest
of
her
Kindred
or
Friends
there
present
,
among
whom
having
distributed
what
precious
moveables
she
has
about
her
,
they
are
removed
at
a
further
distance
,
for
fear
their
Tears
should
disturb
her
.
The
first
time
that
I
was
an
Eye-witness
of
this
Tragical
Ceremony
,
I
took
most
particular
notice
of
all
Passages
and
Circumstances
that
attend
it
;
she
that
sacrificed
her self
,
did
not
appear
to
be
above
twenty
Years
of
Age
;
she
look'd
upon
her
Funeral
▪
Pile
with
a
very
setled
▪
Countenance
,
shewing
not
the
least
marks
of
sorrow
at
her
approaching
●ate
;
she
with
her
own
hands
set
fire
to
the
combustible
matter
that
surrounded
her
;
I
was
very
near
the
Pile
,
so
that
I
could
exactly
see
her
lift
up
her
deceased
Husband's
Head
,
and
press
her
Cheeks
to
his
,
which
done
,
she
pulled
her
Veil
over
her
Face
,
and
died
without
the
least
appearance
of
regret
.
Some
time
after
,
I
saw
such
another
Spectacle
.
She
that
was
to
be
sacrificed
,
was
not
quite
so
young
as
the
former
,
and
had
press'd
the
Execution
of
her
Vow
with
a
great
deal
of
Resolution
,
which
however
began
to
fail
her
at
that
very
time
when
she
stood
most
in
need
of
it
;
for
,
scarce
was
she
enclosed
within
the
Funeral
Pile
,
but
she
strove
by
all
means
possible
to
get
out
,
but
the
Braman
immediately
set
fire
to
the
Combustible
Materials
,
and
thus
forced
her
to
undergo
that
cruel
fate
,
which
she
had
sought
for
with
so
much
eagerness
.
So
soon
as
the
Bodies
are
consumed
by
the
Fire
,
their
Ashes
are
thrown
into
the
next
River
,
and
the
Families
of
those
Women
who
thus
have
sacrificed
themselves
,
are
in
great
esteem
ever
after
among
the
Indians
.
In
those
places
where
the
Pagans
are
absolute
Masters
,
this
Law
is
put
in
Execution
with
the
utmost
severity
,
the
Women
that
don't
voluntarily
offer
themselves
to
be
sacrificed
,
being
constrained
by
force
,
to
satisfie
the
cruel
Law
of
their
Native
Country
.
But
what
is
the
most
surprising
of
all
,
is
,
That
sometimes
Men
very
far
advanced
in
Years
,
marry
young
Creatures
of
seven
or
eight
years
of
Age
,
and
these
notwithstanding
the
innocence
and
tenderness
of
their
Age
,
are
forced
to
conform
themselves
to
the
barbarous
custom
of
their
Country
,
if
their
Husbands
die
before
them
.
There
are
some
Kingdoms
in
the
Indies
,
where
these
Sacrifices
are
performed
in
a
different
manner
.
They
dig
a
deep
hole
in
the
Ground
,
wherein
they
lay
the
dead
Corps
;
they
make
a
great
Fire
round
about
it
,
for
three
days
consecutively
;
the
Widow
is
led
round
about
it
,
covered
with
a
certain
Veil
,
made
out
of
the
Leaves
of
the
Banana-Tree
,
and
after
having
taken
her
turns
and
bid
farewell
to
all
her
Friends
,
She
throws
her self
into
the
Fire
,
where
She
is
consumed
to
Ashes
.
Others
dig
a
Grave
,
The
King
of
Maudre
has
seldom
less
than
3
or
400
Wives
,
who
are
all
obliged
to
be
Sacrificed
,
whenever
he
comes
to
Die
.
There
is
another
more
Barbarous
Custom
observed
at
the
Funeral
Obsequies
of
the
Princes
of
the
Race
of
Sevagi
;
for
,
all
the
Officers
of
his
Houshold
(
which
amount
to
a
considerable
number
,
)
are
Burnt
with
their
Dead
Corps
;
the
same
is
observed
in
several
of
the
other
petty
Kingdoms
of
the
Indies
.
CHAP.
XVIII
.
Of
the
Temples
and
Habits
of
the
Indians
.
AS
the
Indians
are
very
different
in
their
Religions
,
so
their
Temples
have
but
little
resemblance
to
one
another
.
The
Mahometans
at
Suratte
,
have
most
Magnificent
Mosques
.
According
to
the
Institution
of
the
Alcoran
,
the
Friday
is
their
Sunday
,
which
Day
,
being
set
apart
for
the
Exercise
of
their
Devotion
,
they
there
offer
up
their
Prayers
and
Alms.
The
Temples
of
the
Pagans
are
without
the
Cities
,
The
Parsis
,
Great
Mogul
,
they
are
forbidden
to
adore
it
,
and
if
some
among
them
continue
this
Worship
,
they
must
do
it
in
private
,
and
with
a
great
deal
of
circumspection
for
fear
of
being
discovered
.
All
the
Subjects
of
the
Great
Mogul
wear
Turbans
,
The
Men
wear
a
certain
kind
of
Vests
,
not
unlike
to
our
loose
Coats
,
the
Sleeves
are
very
strait
,
but
withal
so
long
as
to
be
laid
in
a
great
many
pleats
upon
the
Arm.
They
make
use
of
a
kind
of
Drawers
or
Breeches
,
very
strait
,
not
open
before
,
and
reaching
down
to
their
Heels
;
the
Pagans
wear
over
these
a
thin
Petticoat
.
Stockings
are
not
used
in
the
Indies
,
and
their
Shooes
are
flatsoled
like
our
Slippers
.
The
Indian
Women
are
very
careful
of
their
Hair
,
The
Governour
of
Suratte
tenderly
loved
one
of
his
Wives
,
French
East-India
Company
,
at
Suratte
,
who
was
a
very
good
Artist
,
he
sent
to
the
President
of
that
Company
to
desire
him
to
let
him
speak
with
the
young
Man
.
They
being
ready
to
oblige
him
in
so
reasonable
a
request
,
sent
the
young
Painter
to
him
,
to
whom
he
spoke
concerning
his
intention
,
promising
to
reward
him
plentifully
for
his
pains
.
The
French
Man
returned
his
Compliment
,
telling
him
,
That
he
should
be
very
Proud
of
employing
his
Pencil
in
the
drawing
the
Picture
of
so
Excellent
a
Person
,
without
any
hopes
of
further
Rewards
;
Then
reply'd
the
Indian
,
go
to
Work
as
soon
as
you
please
,
and
make
use
of
your
utmost
Skill
to
do
it
to
perfection
.
I
will
,
answer'd
the
Painter
,
but
you
must
take
care
to
have
me
brought
into
the
presence
of
the
Person
,
whose
Picture
I
am
to
draw
.
How
,
said
the
Governor
,
interrupting
his
Discourse
angrily
,
would
you
pretend
to
have
a
Sight
of
my
Wife
!
And
how
is
it
possible
for
me
to
draw
her
Picture
without
seeing
her
,
answer'd
the
Painter
.
Away
with
you
,
reply'd
the
jealous
Indian
,
you
have
no
business
here
,
if
you
cannot
draw
her
Picture
without
seeing
her
;
I
will
rather
deny
my self
the
satisfaction
of
having
her
Picture
,
than
that
she
should
be
exposed
to
the
Sight
of
any
Man
Living
.
By
this
you
may
see
to
what
an
excess
of
folly
the
Mahometans
carry
their
Jealousie
;
notwithstanding
which
,
the
Women
don't
want
ingenuity
and
dexterity
to
please
themselves
upon
certain
occasions
,
in
spite
of
all
the
care
and
watchfulness
of
their
Jealous
Husbands
.
The
Women
of
the
Parsis
,
and
other
Pagans
,
wear
nothing
else
but
close
Bodice
fastned
behind
,
After
3
Months
stay
at
Suratte
,
I
Embark'd
in
the
Port
of
Sonaly
,
on
Board
a
Vessel
called
the
Mary
,
which
in
Company
of
another
Vessel
called
the
Strong
,
was
going
to
Batiepatan
,
to
take
in
there
the
rest
of
her
Cargo
in
Spices
.
CHAP.
XIX
.
Our
Departure
from
Suratte
for
Malabar
.
WE
set
Sail
from
the
Port
of
Sonaly
the
6th
of
January
,
with
a
very
favourable
Wind
,
which
thus
continued
till
our
Arrival
at
Rajapour
,
where
we
left
the
Strong
,
and
continued
our
Voyage
to
Mirscou
,
and
some
other
places
in
the
Indies
,
of
which
we
shall
have
occasion
to
speak
anon
;
but
because
I
have
been
at
other
times
at
Rajapour
,
I
will
here
insert
what
I
found
most
worth
taking
notice
of
,
in
this
place
.
It
is
Situate
in
the
Territories
of
Sevagi
,
Great
Mogul
,
and
the
King
of
Visapour
his
Liege
Lord
.
It
lies
exactly
under
the
17th
Degree
of
North
Latitude
,
on
the
Coast
of
Malabar
,
about
20
Leagues
North
from
Goa
;
and
you
come
to
it
by
a
River
,
which
runs
with
a
very
gentle
Current
.
Near
the
Mouth
of
it
on
the
right
side
of
the
Shoar
,
you
see
a
small
Village
,
Inhabited
only
by
Fisher-Men
,
and
4
Leagues
beyond
it
is
the
City
of
Rajapour
,
which
has
Communicated
its
Name
to
the
said
River
.
You
may
go
up
with
a
Vessel
of
100
Tuns
,
as
far
as
to
a
small
Island
,
which
is
about
half
way
betwixt
the
City
and
the
Mouth
of
the
River
;
afterwards
you
make
use
of
Chaloups
and
Barges
,
to
carry
the
Merchandice
to
the
City
,
where
the
River
is
so
shallow
that
at
low
Water
it
is
fordable
in
some
places
.
The
English
had
here
formerly
a
Factory
,
but
the
Indians
have
dislodged
them
from
thence
.
The
French
Company
has
not
many
years
ago
got
a
Settlement
there
,
where
they
have
a
fine
House
and
Garden
,
near
a
great
Cistern
,
from
whence
,
arises
a
Spring
of
Hot-Water
,
This
Sevagi
is
a
very
Potent
Prince
,
Pagans
▪
like
himself
.
But
he
Tolerates
all
Religions
,
and
is
look'd
upon
as
one
of
the
most
Politick
Princes
in
those
parts
.
The
Strong
being
entred
the
River
of
Rajapour
,
met
there
with
another
French
Ship
called
the
Golden-Eagle
,
which
was
Arrived
there
but
a
few
days
before
,
coming
from
Achem
,
the
Capital
of
the
Isle
of
Sumatra
,
and
the
ordinary
Residence
of
their
Queen
,
the
Island
being
Governed
by
Women
.
Before
she
touch'd
at
Achem
,
she
had
been
at
Masusipatan
,
a
City
belonging
to
the
Kingdom
of
Golconda
,
on
the
Coast
of
Coromandel
,
from
whence
come
the
best
Painted
Indian
Callicoes
,
the
Colour
of
which
,
is
as
lasting
as
the
Stuff
it self
,
without
losing
any
thing
of
its
Beauty
.
The
French
East-India
Company
have
their
Factors
in
all
those
places
.
CHAP.
XX.
What
further
happened
during
our
Voyage
to
Malabar
.
AS
we
continued
our
Course
towards
Malabar
,
we
passed
within
sight
of
the
Forts
Situate
at
the
Entrance
of
the
River
of
Goa
,
whereof
we
shall
speak
hereafter
,
and
came
before
Mirscou
,
on
the
14th
,
where
we
cast
Anchor
the
same
day
,
near
the
Mouth
of
the
River
.
Mirscou
is
a
City
of
the
Kingdom
of
Visapour
,
As
soon
as
we
were
come
within
the
Castle
,
The
next
day
we
prayed
him
to
come
on
board
our
Ship
,
which
lay
in
the
Road.
He
came
according
to
our
Invitation
,
giving
presents
to
every
Man
in
particular
that
had
Supped
with
him
.
He
was
received
under
the
discharge
of
our
Cannon
,
and
was
entertained
the
whole
day
on
board
our
Ship
.
At
his
departure
,
we
offered
Him
and
his
Officers
some
presents
(
more
valuable
than
his
)
in
the
Name
of
the
French
East-India
Company
,
which
he
accepted
;
and
went
home
as
well
satisfied
with
our
Entertainment
,
as
we
were
with
the
many
Civilities
he
had
shewn
us
the
day
before
.
The
King
of
Visapour
is
one
of
the
most
Potent
in
the
Indies
,
Great
Mogul
;
he
makes
profession
of
the
Mahometan
Religion
,
but
most
of
his
Subjects
are
Pagans
.
We
parted
from
before
Mirscou
the
nineteenth
of
January
,
five
days
after
our
Arrival
,
and
the
two
and
twentieth
of
the
same
Month
,
arrived
at
Batiepatan
,
where
meeting
with
good
store
of
Pepper
,
our
Vessel
got
her
full
Cargo
.
Batiepatan
is
a
Town
belonging
to
the
Kingdom
of
Cananor
,
At
a
small
distance
from
the
Town
,
is
the
King's
Palace
,
surrounded
by
a
great
many
Pagan
Temples
,
very
magnificently
built
;
and
it
was
near
this
place
the
Governour
had
assigned
a
settlement
to
the
French
at
that
time
,
till
they
could
pitch
upon
another
place
,
which
might
be
more
suitable
to
their
purpose
.
The
Ship
called
the
Strong
,
arriving
some
days
after
ours
,
they
were
both
dispatch'd
with
all
possible
speed
,
and
accordingly
set
sail
on
the
first
of
February
towards
the
Isle
Dauphine
,
from
whence
they
were
to
carry
Monsieur
Mondevergue
into
France
.
CHAP.
XXI
.
Of
Malabar
.
WHen
we
speak
of
the
Coast
of
Malabar
,
we
commonly
comprehend
that
large
tract
of
Ground
,
which
extends
from
Suratte
,
as
far
as
to
Cape
Comorin
;
but
to
distinguish
it
the
more
exactly
from
other
adjacent
Countries
,
belonging
to
the
Indies
,
we
will
fix
its
beginning
at
the
Mount
of
Eli
,
situate
under
the
twelfth
degree
of
North
Latitude
,
this
being
the
place
,
where
the
People
begin
to
assume
the
Name
of
Malabars
or
Malavars
.
It
s
extent
all
along
the
Coast
is
of
above
two
hundred
Leagues
in
length
,
The
most
powerful
of
them
all
is
the
King
of
Cananor
,
The
King
of
Samorin
,
Their
manner
of
Living
,
Religion
and
Customs
are
the
same
,
so
that
what
we
relate
of
the
Kingdom
of
Cananor
,
may
be
applied
to
all
the
rest
of
the
Malabars
.
The
Air
is
very
good
all
over
the
Country
,
which
is
one
of
the
most
fertile
in
all
Asia
;
they
reap
Rice
twice
a
Year
,
and
have
good
store
of
most
excellent
Fruits
,
but
quite
different
from
those
in
Europe
.
Though
it
be
evident
that
the
Cocoe
is
none
of
the
most
delicious
Fruit
of
the
Indies
,
nevertheless
its
usefulness
being
so
universal
,
it
deserves
to
be
mentioned
here
,
and
we
will
insert
a
particular
Description
of
the
Tree
that
bears
so
useful
a
Fruit.
The
Malabars
call
it
Tencar
,
which
signifies
as
much
as
straight
,
as
having
no
Branches
,
though
the
Tree
it self
be
sometimes
thirty
or
forty
foot
high
,
seldom
exceeding
three
foot
in
compass
.
The
Wood
is
spongy
,
and
consequently
useless
for
Building
,
unless
it
be
when
it
grows
very
old
,
when
it
becomes
much
more
solid
.
This
is
the
Wine
of
the
Country
,
called
by
them
Houry
,
or
Tary
;
it
is
so
strong
as
to
inebriate
a
Man
like
our
Wines
;
If
you
put
this
Liquor
as
soon
as
it
is
drawn
from
the
Quick-tree
,
into
a
Basin
with
a
small
quantity
of
Lime
,
it
becomes
as
sweet
as
Honey
,
which
they
make
use
of
for
Preserves
,
and
if
it
be
boiled
for
some
time
,
it
becomes
Sugar
,
not
quite
so
good
as
that
which
is
drawn
from
Canes
,
but
which
is
nevertherless
much
used
among
the
common
People
of
Malabar
;
the
Natives
call
it
Jagara
,
and
the
Portuguese
Jagre
.
As
long
as
the
Tary
destills
out
of
the
Sprigs
,
the
Tree
bears
no
Fruit
,
but
if
you
let
them
grow
,
there
come
forth
great
Bunches
,
which
produce
the
Cocoes
hanging
in
Clusters
,
to
the
number
of
ten
or
twelve
.
Their
skin
is
very
tender
at
first
,
This
Liquor
is
by
degrees
converted
into
a
solid
substance
,
which
is
very
soft
and
white
,
and
then
the
Malabars
call
the
Cocoes
Elenir
,
and
the
Portuguese
Lagne
.
Afterwards
the
moisture
being
all
consumed
,
the
Fruit
becomes
hard
,
and
its
taste
is
not
unlike
our
Hasle
Nuts
.
They
are
so
well
known
in
those
parts
,
that
it
would
be
superfluous
to
give
a
particular
account
here
,
to
what
use
they
are
put
in
Europe
,
since
they
are
brought
thither
from
all
parts
in
so
great
quantities
,
that
they
are
no
more
look'd
upon
now
a
days
as
a
rarity
,
but
are
esteemed
meerly
for
their
Natural
and
intrinsick
goodness
.
The
Tree
brings
forth
Fruit
three
times
a
year
;
some
are
as
big
as
a
Man's
Head
,
and
because
they
are
beaten
down
by
the
least
Wind
,
it
is
dangerous
to
walk
under
these
Trees
when
the
Fruit
is
come
to
perfection
.
They
make
out
of
the
outward
Husk
,
when
dried
,
a
kind
of
Hemp
,
the
threads
of
which
serve
to
make
strong
Cordage
and
Cables
,
for
the
biggest
Ships
;
and
as
there
is
a
prodigious
quantity
of
this
Fruit
all
over
the
Indies
,
so
besides
what
is
consum'd
by
the
Natives
,
and
what
is
exported
by
Foreigners
;
they
burn
abundance
of
it
,
to
make
Charcoals
for
the
use
of
the
Goldsmiths
and
others
.
The
Indian
Cooks
season
their
Meats
with
a
certain
Liquor
which
they
get
out
of
the
Cocoes
by
scraping
it
,
and
the
poorer
sort
extract
an
Oyl
of
it
,
which
they
both
Eat
and
Burn
in
their
Lamps
.
They
fatten
their
Poultry
and
Hogs
with
the
remnants
out
of
which
the
Oil
has
been
pressed
,
and
so
the
poor
sometimes
make
Bread
of
it
.
Considering
the
extraordinary
benefit
reap'd
from
this
Tree
,
he
may
well
be
look'd
upon
as
one
of
the
most
precious
in
the
Universe
,
though
he
be
none
of
the
rarest
.
What
has
been
related
by
some
,
to
wit
,
That
they
make
Ships
that
cross
the
Seas
without
any
thing
but
what
the
Cocoe
affords
,
though
it
seems
to
savour
of
a
Romance
,
is
nevertheless
thus
far
true
;
that
they
may
equip
a
good
large
Barge
with
Masts
,
Sails
,
(
which
are
made
out
of
the
leaves
)
and
Cordage
loaden
with
the
products
of
the
Tree
and
Fruits
of
the
Cocoes
.
There
are
besides
this
two
other
kinds
of
Palm-trees
;
the
first
bears
that
sort
of
Dates
,
which
never
come
to
maturity
in
the
Indies
;
the
Tree
is
not
above
eight
or
ten
foot
high
,
without
Branches
,
and
bears
its
leaves
on
the
top
,
much
like
the
Cocoe-tree
,
but
they
are
not
near
so
large
.
They
bore
a
hole
in
the
Arm
of
the
Tree
,
from
whence
by
the
help
of
a
Pipe
,
they
draw
a
certain
Liquor
not
unlike
the
Tary
,
we
have
mention'd
before
.
The
Inhabitants
call
it
Nary
,
and
it
serves
them
to
make
Vinegar
of
and
Aqua
Vitae
,
but
no
Sugar
.
The
other
kind
is
the
Wild
Palm-tree
;
CHAP
XXII
.
Of
the
two
Fruits
called
the
Jacque
and
the
Mangos
.
THE
Jacque
is
of
so
prodigious
a
bigness
,
that
one
of
them
is
sometimes
a
good
Burthen
for
a
Man
;
though
the
Tree
seldom
exceeds
our
Apple-trees
in
Bulk
.
Its
leaves
are
not
unlike
to
the
Laurel
,
but
something
larger
:
The
Fruit
is
fastned
to
the
Stemm
,
because
the
Branches
are
not
strong
enough
to
bear
it
;
it
buds
out
at
first
sight
most
like
Moss
,
is
of
a
green
Colour
,
till
it
comes
to
maturity
;
its
Skin
is
most
like
that
of
the
Anana's
;
it
is
pretty
thick
but
soft
,
and
may
easily
be
cut
with
a
Knife
,
provided
you
dip
it
first
in
Oil
,
or
any
other
oleaginous
substance
,
which
prevents
the
Gumm
from
sticking
to
it
.
The
Fruit
is
divided
within
by
many
partitions
,
containing
a
certain
substance
not
unlike
our
Plums
,
and
of
the
bigness
of
an
ordinary
Pullet's
Egg
;
there
are
sometimes
two
hundred
of
them
,
the
Pulp
that
surrounds
it
,
is
about
an
inch
thick
,
of
a
Yellow
Colour
,
and
tastes
almost
like
our
best
Melons
.
In
the
very
midst
of
the
Fruit
,
there
appears
something
not
unlike
our
Chesnuts
,
which
being
the
Seed
of
the
Jacque
,
is
never
eaten
;
and
the
whole
substance
it self
is
very
unwholesome
,
unless
you
drink
a
good
quantity
of
Water
after
it
.
The
Mangos
is
a
much
more
excellent
Fruit
,
CHAP.
XXIII
.
Of
Pepper
,
Cardamon
,
Cinnamon
and
Bethel
.
THE
Shrub
which
bears
the
Pepper
is
always
planted
near
other
great
Trees
,
which
keep
it
upright
;
its
leaves
are
very
like
the
Ivy
,
whose
smell
is
as
biting
to
the
Nostrils
,
as
the
Fruit
is
to
the
Tongue
.
The
Pepper
sprouts
forth
in
small
Bunches
;
its
colour
is
Green
at
first
,
but
turns
Red
when
it
comes
to
Maturity
,
and
after
it
has
been
dry'd
in
the
Sun
,
appears
such
as
we
see
it
in
Europe
.
There
is
but
one
kind
,
the
difference
betwixt
the
Black
and
White
(
according
to
the
opinion
of
the
vulgar
)
being
nothing
else
,
but
that
the
first
retains
its
native
husk
,
whereas
the
other
is
peeled
,
which
they
do
by
thrashing
it
with
small
sticks
before
it
be
quite
dry
,
or
after
it
is
dryed
,
by
soaking
it
for
a
little
while
in
Water
,
and
then
rub
off
the
outward
peel
;
by
which
means
,
every
body
that
has
black
Pepper
,
may
soon
convert
it
into
White
,
if
he
will
take
the
trouble
to
do
it
.
The
Indians
preserve
it
with
Sugar
whilst
it
is
Green
,
The
Pepper
grows
in
a
great
many
places
,
but
no
where
in
such
abundance
as
from
Rajapour
,
as
far
as
to
Cape
Comorin
;
the
largest
sort
comes
from
Visapour
and
Canara
;
the
Pepper
that
grows
on
the
Coast
of
Malabar
,
that
is
from
Mount
Eli
,
to
the
most
Southern
part
of
the
Coast
,
is
not
so
big
as
the
other
,
but
it
multiplies
faster
,
and
most
Nations
furnish
themselves
with
Pepper
in
those
parts
,
to
transport
it
into
their
respective
Countries
.
The
Cardamom
grows
in
the
Kingdom
of
Cananor
near
a
certain
Mountain
,
It
is
transported
from
hence
all
over
the
Indies
into
Persia
and
Arabia
,
the
Inhabitants
of
these
Countries
never
relishing
their
Rice
well
,
unless
it
be
season'd
with
the
Cardamom
,
so
that
the
greatest
part
of
it
is
consumed
in
the
East
,
the
rest
is
bought
up
by
the
Europeans
,
who
chiefly
make
use
of
it
in
Physick
:
It
is
three
times
as
dear
as
the
Pepper
.
There
also
grows
Cinnamon
on
this
Coast
,
The
Leaves
which
by
the
Malabars
are
called
Betle
,
Portuguese
Bethel
,
and
the
other
Indians
Panthle
,
ought
not
to
be
pass'd
by
in
silence
in
this
place
.
They
grow
on
Shrubs
like
the
Pepper
,
and
are
not
unlike
the
Ivy
Leaves
as
well
as
the
others
;
but
they
have
a
pleasant
aromatick
flavour
,
their
natural
Colour
being
Green
.
They
whiten
them
without
the
least
prejudice
to
their
native
vertue
,
by
laying
them
in
Wooden
Casks
,
made
out
of
the
Bananas
Tree
,
and
by
sprinkling
them
with
Water
once
a
day
.
They
never
chew
them
without
the
Areque
;
this
is
a
small
Fruit
,
The
Chaw
made
of
the
Bethel
they
prepare
thus
:
They
take
about
the
quantity
of
a
Pea
of
Chalk
or
Lime
,
which
they
put
among
3
or
4
Leaves
of
Bethel
,
and
mix
with
it
a
fourth
part
of
an
Areque
Nut
,
which
they
will
use
together
,
and
chaw
it
at
pleasure
.
There
are
some
of
the
Indians
,
who
add
to
it
a
few
Grains
of
Cardamom
,
a
small
quantity
of
Cloves
and
Cinnamon
,
which
gives
it
a
very
agreeable
taste
.
The
Tree
which
produces
the
Areque
,
grows
straight
,
without
Branches
,
only
a
few
Leaves
on
the
Top
;
the
Wood
is
tolerably
good
for
Building
,
but
most
us'd
for
Masts
of
Barges
,
they
being
not
strong
enough
for
large
Vessels
.
The
Chaw
being
thus
prepared
,
fortifies
the
Stomach
,
promotes
Digestion
,
and
leaves
a
good
smell
behind
it
,
moistens
the
Mouth
,
and
dyes
the
Spittle
and
Lips
red
;
from
whence
without
Question
is
arisen
this
vulgar
error
,
that
some
have
affirmed
it
makes
the
Gums
Bleed
.
It
is
a
great
Specifick
against
the
Stone
,
as
I
my self
have
Experienc'd
several
times
,
when
I
prescribed
it
to
some
of
my
Acquaintance
in
that
case
.
And
what
may
serve
as
a
confirmation
of
what
I
have
asserted
as
to
this
particular
,
it
is
to
be
observed
that
in
those
places
,
where
it
is
frequently
used
;
I
never
met
with
any
body
that
was
Afflicted
with
this
Distemper
.
Before
a
Man
is
used
to
this
Chaw
,
it
will
cause
a
Dizziness
,
occasioned
by
the
Areque
,
but
this
may
in
a
great
measure
be
prevented
,
by
well
cleansing
the
said
Fruit
,
from
a
certain
white
substance
,
which
is
within
it
.
The
Europeans
who
have
for
some
time
lived
in
the
Indies
,
are
generally
as
fond
of
this
Chaw
as
the
Indians
themselves
;
and
the
Leaves
of
the
Bethel
as
common
as
they
are
,
are
nevertheless
in
great
esteem
,
as
well
among
Persons
of
the
first
Rank
,
as
the
meanest
Peasants
.
If
you
pay
a
Visit
to
any
body
here
,
the
first
thing
which
is
presented
is
a
Roll
of
this
Chaw
;
if
you
should
let
a
Friend
go
out
of
your
House
without
it
,
he
would
take
it
as
a
gross
Affront
,
and
so
it
would
be
look'd
upon
on
the
other
hand
,
if
he
should
refuse
to
accept
it
;
nevertheless
,
no
body
is
oblig'd
to
take
it
upon
the
spot
,
the
Asiaticks
in
general
being
very
jealous
of
one
another
,
and
extreamly
fearful
of
Poyson
.
There
is
a
certain
Tree
all
over
the
Indies
,
but
more
especially
in
Malabar
,
which
grows
to
a
considerable
height
,
its
Leaves
are
like
those
of
the
Laurel
,
or
at
least
very
little
different
;
it
bears
a
whitish
Flower
of
a
very
good
scent
;
out
of
the
Stem
distills
a
Gum
,
which
is
very
useful
for
Ships
;
but
what
is
particularly
remarkable
in
this
Tree
,
is
,
that
its
Branches
after
they
are
grown
up
to
some
height
,
turn
downwards
again
to
the
Ground
,
where
as
soon
as
they
touch
they
take
root
,
and
in
process
of
time
,
grow
equal
in
bulk
to
the
first
Stem
.
If
the
Inhabitants
did
not
prevent
the
spreading
of
this
Tree
by
continually
cutting
down
its
Branches
,
one
Tree
would
in
time
be
sufficient
to
spread
it self
all
over
the
Country
.
Malabar
abounds
in
almost
all
the
same
sorts
of
Pulse
we
have
in
these
parts
,
besides
which
,
it
has
some
peculiar
to
it self
;
among
these
are
certain
Beans
of
four
Fingers
long
,
Besides
which
,
they
have
on
both
sides
of
their
Walks
,
Hedge-rows
of
a
certain
Shrub
,
which
spreads
and
twists
it self
in
a
little
time
to
admiration
;
it
is
very
full
of
Leaves
,
resembling
those
of
the
Garden
Burnet
,
and
bears
a
great
quantity
of
Flowers
,
of
a
right
Red
Colour
,
not
unlike
the
Jessamine
Flowers
,
but
having
not
the
least
scent
,
serve
only
to
please
the
Eye
.
They
begin
to
blow
at
Sun-rising
,
and
fall
off
at
Sun-set
.
Notwithstanding
which
,
these
Hedges
never
want
Flowers
the
whole
Year
round
,
without
the
trouble
of
Sowing
or
Planting
them
after
the
first
time
,
because
they
scatter
certain
Grains
upon
the
Ground
,
which
immediately
taking
root
,
furnish
the
Hedge
with
an
immediate
supply
of
new
Shrubs
and
Flowers
.
The
Malabars
are
not
such
great
admirers
of
Flowers
as
the
Indians
,
who
are
subject
to
the
Great
Mogul
,
and
tho'
their
Country
is
not
destitute
of
these
materials
,
from
whence
they
draw
their
essences
in
the
Indies
,
yet
their
Women
seldom
make
use
of
any
thing
else
than
the
Oil
drawn
from
the
Cocoes
,
they
not
being
inclined
so
much
to
the
vanity
of
perfumes
,
as
the
rest
of
the
Indian
Women
.
CHAP.
XXIV
.
Of
the
Elephant
and
some
other
Animals
of
Malabar
.
THE
Birds
which
are
found
in
Malabar
,
are
the
same
which
you
meet
with
in
other
parts
of
the
Indies
.
Perroquets
or
Perrots
,
of
all
sizes
and
Colours
,
are
here
in
great
numbers
;
they
catch
them
with
Nets
,
sometimes
200
at
a
time
,
but
the
Indians
never
take
any
pains
to
teach
them
to
Speak
,
as
we
do
in
Europe
.
They
do
abound
in
all
sorts
of
Wild
fowl
,
which
they
take
with
a
great
deal
of
ease
,
unless
it
be
the
Wild-Peacock
,
which
is
very
difficult
to
be
catch'd
,
which
makes
him
to
be
look'd
upon
as
a
rarity
,
not
only
for
the
Tail
,
but
also
for
his
Feathers
,
which
are
in
great
esteem
among
all
the
Asiaticks
;
they
make
Umbrella's
,
Shrines
,
and
Fans
of
them
,
for
persons
of
Quality
,
which
they
adorn
with
Gold
,
and
Precious
Stones
.
They
have
also
good
store
of
Tame-Fowl
.
The
Elephant
ought
to
hold
the
first
rank
among
the
Beasts
which
are
to
be
found
on
the
Coast
of
Malabar
,
Each
City
in
the
Indies
entertains
a
certain
number
of
young
Fellows
,
who
's
Business
it
is
to
sweep
their
Houses
and
Streets
.
A
Boy
of
about
12
or
13
Years
of
Age
,
who
belonged
to
those
employed
in
this
drudgery
in
the
City
of
Suratte
,
having
swept
together
some
excrements
,
and
seeing
an
Elephant
coming
that
way
,
took
up
as
many
of
them
as
he
could
hold
in
both
his
Hands
,
and
threw
it
directly
at
the
Elephant's
Eyes
,
who
went
on
his
way
without
showing
the
least
sign
of
resentment
.
But
several
days
after
,
meeting
the
same
Boy
in
a
narrow
Street
,
he
took
hold
of
him
with
his
Trunk
round
the
Waste
,
and
so
tost
him
above
100
times
at
a
great
heighth
in
the
Air
,
to
the
no
small
surprize
of
all
that
beheld
it
;
I
did
not
imagine
otherwise
,
but
that
it
would
have
cost
the
Boy
his
Life
;
but
after
some
time
we
were
agreeably
surprized
to
find
that
the
Elephant
only
intended
to
put
him
into
a
fright
,
in
retalliation
for
the
Affront
he
had
received
from
him
some
days
before
;
for
,
after
he
had
thus
sported
with
him
,
as
long
as
he
thought
convenient
,
he
laid
him
gently
again
in
the
same
place
where
he
had
taken
him
up
,
and
without
more
ado
went
his
way
.
A
certain
Portuguese
Vice-Roy
,
had
an
Elephant
of
an
extraordinary
Bigness
,
which
he
being
resolved
to
Present
to
the
King
,
he
ordered
he
should
be
Embark'd
in
the
first
Vessel
,
that
was
to
go
for
Lisbon
.
He
that
had
the
oversight
of
the
Elephant
,
being
unwilling
to
leave
his
Native
Country
,
used
in
the
mean
while
to
tell
the
Elephant
in
the
same
terms
as
one
should
speak
to
a
Man
,
That
they
were
going
to
Transport
him
into
a
Country
where
he
must
expect
to
undergo
all
the
Slavery
and
Hardship
that
could
be
imagined
;
which
had
made
such
a
lively
impression
upon
the
Elephant
,
that
all
the
Art
of
Mankind
,
could
not
get
him
into
the
Vessel
,
which
was
to
Transport
him
,
several
having
lost
their
Lives
by
his
fury
,
who
attempted
to
force
him
into
the
Ship
;
the
Vice-Roy
being
advertized
of
what
had
passed
,
and
not
doubting
but
that
this
Trick
had
been
put
upon
him
by
the
Manager
of
the
Elephant
,
had
him
brought
into
his
presence
,
and
threatned
him
with
Death
,
if
within
a
limited
time
,
he
did
not
take
care
to
have
the
Elephant
conveyed
into
the
Ship
;
the
Fellow
dreading
the
Vice-Roy's
Anger
,
was
obliged
to
change
his
Lesson
,
and
to
tell
the
Elephant
,
that
he
was
to
be
Presented
to
a
great
Prince
,
where
he
was
to
lead
a
very
easie
Life
,
which
had
such
an
influence
upon
this
Creature
,
that
they
afterwards
Embark'd
him
without
the
least
resistance
.
There
is
scarce
any
Person
of
Quality
in
the
Indies
but
what
has
some
Elephants
;
They
adorn
them
with
fine
Coverings
,
not
unlike
in
fashion
to
our
Horse-Cloaths
;
I
have
seen
some
of
them
which
took
up
no
less
than
100
Yards
of
Cloath
apiece
;
and
yet
these
were
made
for
Elephants
that
are
not
of
the
biggest
size
;
for
,
I
can
affirm
it
for
Truth
,
because
I
have
been
an
eye
witness
of
it
,
that
there
are
some
much
larger
;
which
may
be
easily
discovered
by
their
Teeth
.
For
those
of
the
Elephants
on
the
Coast
of
Malabar
,
seldom
exceed
3
or
4
Foot
in
length
,
and
may
be
carried
without
much
difficulty
by
one
Man
;
Abundance
of
these
Teeth
are
brought
to
the
Indies
,
each
Elephant
has
no
more
than
two
of
them
,
which
furnish
us
as
well
as
other
parts
of
the
World
with
what
we
call
Ivory
.
After
I
had
by
my
own
Experience
been
sufficiently
instructed
concerning
the
nature
of
the
Elephant
,
I
could
not
but
admire
with
what
Impudence
some
have
forged
their
Fables
concerning
the
Elephant's
having
no
joynts
in
their
Legs
,
The
Elephant
lies
down
without
any
great
trouble
,
he
bends
his
Knee
as
often
as
his
Master
mounts
on
the
Back
of
him
,
and
Sleeps
in
the
same
posture
as
a
Horse
.
They
catch
him
in
the
following
manner
:
The
African
Negroes
eat
his
Flesh
,
and
I
have
heard
it
affirm'd
for
Truth
,
that
his
Snout
is
very
delicious
meat
;
but
generally
they
are
kill'd
for
their
Teeth
sake
,
tho'
they
also
sometimes
fall
out
of
themselves
.
The
Hyde
rightly
dress'd
,
is
of
such
thickness
,
that
they
are
proof
against
a
Musket-ball
;
abundance
of
the
young
ones
are
brought
up
and
Tamed
,
and
are
generally
catch'd
as
they
run
astray
,
after
they
have
lost
the
old
ones
by
one
accident
or
another
.
Notwithstanding
the
prodigious
Bulk
of
this
Animal
,
it
Swims
extreamly
well
,
and
goes
a
great
pace
;
besides
which
,
it
is
as
Courageous
as
it
is
Strong
,
and
does
great
Service
to
the
Indian
Kings
in
their
Wars
.
During
my
abode
in
the
Indies
,
there
was
a
certain
Governor
,
who
being
willing
to
give
an
extraordinary
piece
of
diversion
to
some
persons
of
Quality
,
caused
an
Elephant
and
Tyger
to
be
brought
into
a
kind
of
an
Amphitheatre
,
erected
for
that
purpose
,
to
try
their
Strength
and
Activity
,
against
one
another
;
the
Tyger
is
a
very
nimble
Creature
,
but
much
inferiour
in
Bulk
to
the
Elephant
;
his
chief
Strength
lies
in
his
Claws
and
Teeth
,
of
which
he
gave
a
sufficient
proof
to
his
Enemy
;
Those
who
manage
the
Elephant
are
by
the
Malabars
called
Cornac
;
they
sit
upon
the
neck
of
the
Beast
,
where
they
hold
themselves
without
the
help
of
a
Bridle
;
they
have
always
two
sticks
with
Iron
Hooks
at
the
end
,
one
bigger
than
the
other
;
the
small
one
they
use
instead
of
a
Spur
,
wherewith
they
strike
the
Elephant
over
the
Head
,
to
make
him
go
as
they
please
;
so
that
you
seldom
see
any
of
these
Beasts
without
a
Wound
on
their
Heads
.
The
other
they
make
use
of
to
keep
the
Elephant
back
,
and
to
make
him
stop
when
he
is
furious
,
and
when
the
little
one
is
insufficient
.
I
have
seen
some
Elephants
belonging
to
some
of
the
Malabar
Princes
get
loose
,
who
destroy
every
thing
they
meet
in
their
way
,
tear
up
Trees
,
and
pull
down
the
Peasants
Cottages
(
which
indeed
in
those
parts
,
must
not
be
imagined
to
be
so
well
built
as
ours
)
forcing
the
inhabitants
to
leave
their
dwelling
places
,
and
to
seek
for
shelter
in
the
adjacent
Towns
;
thus
have
I
several
times
seen
a
considerable
number
of
Country
People
come
to
our
Habitations
,
who
dreading
the
fury
of
these
Animals
,
had
been
forced
to
abandon
their
Houses
.
The
Kings
of
the
Malabars
frequently
employ
their
Elephants
to
chastise
their
rebellious
Subjects
,
by
letting
them
loose
into
their
Grounds
,
where
they
destroy
not
only
all
the
Fruits
of
the
Earth
,
but
also
the
biggest
Trees
,
there
being
not
wanting
instances
,
that
a
large
Elephant
has
torn
up
a
Cocoe-tree
.
The
Merchants
in
the
Indies
hire
Elephants
to
draw
their
Vessels
and
Barges
a
shoar
,
when
they
are
to
be
refitted
;
and
,
as
the
Indian
Princes
keep
th●●
to
shew
their
magnificence
,
so
the
Bramans
make
use
of
them
on
their
great
Feasts
,
when
they
carry
the
Statues
of
their
Idol
,
there
being
certain
Temples
,
which
entertain
a
set
number
of
Elephants
meerly
for
that
purpose
.
CHAP.
XXV
.
Of
the
Tiger
,
and
some
other
Creatures
of
Malabar
.
IN
Malabar
the
Tigers
are
found
in
greater
numbers
than
in
any
other
part
of
the
Indies
.
Of
these
Creatures
so
famous
for
their
Cruelties
,
The
first
is
not
much
bigger
than
a
large
Cat
;
of
this
kind
I
saw
one
,
which
was
kept
in
the
House
of
the
French
East-India
Company
,
in
the
Kingdom
of
Cananor
,
which
was
brought
thither
from
Mirscou
,
and
when
he
cry'd
,
made
as
much
noise
as
an
Ox.
They
fed
him
commonly
with
Flesh
,
and
if
they
threw
him
some
Rice
,
he
was
so
cunning
as
to
draw
back
as
far
as
the
Chain
would
give
him
leave
when
he
would
watch
his
opportunity
to
snatch
up
the
Pullets
and
Ducks
that
came
to
feed
upon
the
Rice
;
at
last
our
Tiger
found
means
one
time
to
break
his
Chain
,
and
to
give
us
the
Slip.
I
was
one
of
the
foremost
who
pursued
him
,
but
got
nothing
for
my
pains
,
but
a
Wound
,
which
he
gave
me
with
his
Claws
in
the
right
hand
,
and
so
he
got
into
the
open
Fields
,
where
we
were
not
able
to
overtake
him
.
The
second
kind
is
as
big
as
a
good
Mutton
,
I
was
acquainted
with
an
Indian
,
who
alone
kill'd
one
of
these
Tigers
,
without
receiving
the
least
hurt
,
and
had
no
other
Arms
but
his
Shield
and
Cimetar
.
The
English
residing
at
Batiepatan
,
I
was
once
my self
in
no
small
danger
of
having
been
surprized
by
this
cruel
Animal
,
not
long
after
my
arrival
in
Malabar
.
The
excessive
heat
of
the
Season
,
made
me
very
desirous
to
lay
abroad
very
often
,
having
three
great
Dogs
near
me
for
my
Guard
.
One
Night
I
was
all
on
a
sudden
awakened
by
their
Cries
,
and
seeing
them
fly
away
as
fast
as
they
could
from
a
certain
Animal
,
that
pursued
them
with
great
Eagerness
;
I
called
for
help
,
and
some
of
our
Domesticks
being
come
with
lighted
Torches
to
my
assistance
,
we
found
two
of
the
Dogs
,
which
were
returned
to
the
place
where
they
had
left
me
,
but
the
third
was
missing
;
we
look'd
all
about
as
far
as
we
could
,
but
in
vain
,
not
being
able
to
learn
any
tidings
of
our
Dog
till
the
next
day
,
when
we
found
his
Bones
scattered
at
two
hundred
paces
from
the
House
.
This
adventure
served
me
for
a
warning
,
not
to
expose
my self
thus
for
the
future
,
by
lying
abroad
all
Night
.
The
Tiger
of
the
third
kind
is
near
as
big
as
a
Horse
,
Royal
Tiger
.
I
never
saw
any
of
them
alive
,
but
have
seen
several
of
their
Skins
which
were
big
enough
to
cover
a
Bed
of
six
foot
long
;
they
are
only
found
towards
the
North
of
Goa
,
where
it
is
therefore
extreamly
dangerous
Traveling
alone
,
or
without
being
well
provided
with
good
Fire-arms
.
I
was
acquainted
with
a
certain
Gentleman
,
a
Portuguese
by
Birth
,
whose
name
was
John
de
Liquiera
,
living
at
Daman
:
He
had
a
Country
House
near
the
said
City
,
whither
two
Friends
of
his
being
come
to
give
him
a
Visit
,
he
would
needs
divert
them
with
Hunting
the
wild
Boar
;
going
out
early
in
the
Morning
,
in
a
Calash
,
each
with
a
Fuzee
,
they
met
with
one
of
these
Royal
Tigers
,
and
seeing
him
at
some
distance
,
they
agreed
it
would
be
best
to
let
fly
at
him
,
which
John
de
Liquiera
did
with
so
much
dexterity
,
John
de
Liquiera
against
the
advice
of
his
Friends
,
getting
out
of
the
Calash
into
the
adjacent
Bushes
,
found
the
Tiger
there
wallowing
in
his
own
Blood
;
but
the
enraged
Animal
,
as
if
it
had
been
sensible
of
the
approach
of
him
who
had
given
him
his
mortal
Wound
,
Whilst
they
were
in
this
confusion
,
no
body
knowing
what
to
resolve
on
,
one
of
the
Pagan
Slaves
belonging
to
this
Gentleman
,
having
been
informed
of
his
Master's
misfortune
,
came
into
the
Room
,
and
told
them
,
That
if
they
would
leave
him
to
his
care
,
he
would
certainly
save
him
.
There
was
scarce
any
body
who
made
any
great
reflections
upon
what
the
Slave
had
assured
them
;
but
looking
upon
their
Friends
case
as
desperate
,
they
accepted
his
offer
:
And
the
Slave
went
immediately
to
apply
his
remedy
,
which
was
made
of
the
juice
of
certain
Herbs
mix'd
with
Milk
,
This
same
Gentleman
,
who
has
given
me
the
Relation
with
his
own
Mouth
,
which
he
himself
is
scarce
able
to
make
without
horror
,
preserves
to
this
day
the
Skin
of
this
Tiger
,
which
being
above
six
foot
long
,
serves
him
as
a
lasting
remembrance
of
this
dreadful
Adventure
.
To
avoid
the
Tigers
in
the
Night-time
,
nothing
is
more
proper
than
to
keep
a
Candle
or
some
other
Light
near
one
,
which
they
avoid
to
come
near
▪
But
in
the
Day-time
you
must
be
provided
with
good
Fire-arms
,
or
a
Bow
,
to
let
fly
at
him
,
before
he
comes
too
near
you
;
but
you
must
be
sure
of
your
hits
,
for
if
you
do
not
wound
him
mortally
,
he
becomes
more
furious
,
and
you
will
be
in
great
danger
of
being
torn
in
pieces
;
wherefore
if
●ou
be
not
an
excellent
Marks-man
,
the
best
way
is
〈◊〉
discharge
your
Gun
into
the
Air
,
the
noise
of
which
will
frighten
,
and
make
him
turn
his
back
to
you
.
The
Skins
of
these
three
several
sorts
of
Tigers
,
are
very
near
the
same
,
as
to
their
colour
,
their
Beauty
makes
them
much
esteemed
,
they
use
them
in
the
Indies
to
cover
their
Beds
and
Palanquins
,
and
in
Europe
are
look'd
upon
as
a
great
variety
.
Formerly
our
great
Warriors
used
to
adorn
their
Horses
with
them
,
it
being
one
of
the
finest
Furs
in
the
World
.
CHAP.
XXVI
.
Of
some
other
Animals
;
of
the
Jaccal
;
of
the
Buffler
;
of
the
Civet
Cat
and
Ape
.
THE
Jaccal
or
Adive
is
about
the
bigness
of
a
middle
siezed
Dog
,
resembling
a
Fox
towards
the
Tail
,
but
has
a
Face
not
unlike
a
Wolf
;
they
are
sometimes
tamed
and
entertained
at
home
among
other
Domestick
Animals
.
When
they
are
Wild
,
they
hide
themselves
under
Ground
in
the
Day-time
,
and
never
come
abroad
but
in
the
Night
,
when
they
look
out
for
Pray
.
They
commonly
appear
in
Troops
,
fall
upon
Children
to
devour
them
,
and
sometimes
frighten
Travellers
that
are
unprovided
with
Arms
;
they
howl
in
a
most
doleful
manner
,
not
unlike
the
cries
of
a
great
many
Children
of
different
Ages
mix'd
together
.
They
are
at
perpetual
War
with
the
Dogs
,
who
are
always
at
their
heels
,
if
they
appear
near
their
dwelling
places
.
They
are
generally
the
forerunner
of
the
Tigers
,
who
never
devour
them
,
but
make
use
of
them
as
their
Setting
Dogs
,
to
draw
the
House
Dogs
into
the
Snare
;
wherefore
the
Indian
Peasants
,
who
are
not
ignorant
of
the
cunning
of
the
Tiger
,
when
they
hear
the
Adive
cry
,
take
care
to
keep
their
Dogs
close
at
home
,
for
fear
of
the
Tiger
.
It
is
an
insignificant
Creature
,
and
quite
useless
,
and
therefore
deserves
not
our
further
Description
.
The
Buffler
is
larger
than
an
ordinary
Ox
,
There
are
here
abundance
of
Civet
Cats
;
Malabar
has
also
Apes
,
The
Eastern
Pagans
look
upon
the
Ape
no
otherwise
than
as
a
rational
Creature
,
and
believe
that
they
can
speak
as
well
as
the
rest
of
Mankind
,
but
that
they
forbear
to
make
use
of
their
Tongue
,
because
they
would
avoid
those
toils
and
hardships
,
which
Men
endure
.
Some
of
the
Indian
Pagans
reverence
them
like
Deities
,
It
is
a
common
thing
to
see
them
assemble
and
appear
in
the
Fields
in
great
Companies
,
where
they
will
watch
their
opportunity
to
set
upon
the
Country
Women
,
as
they
are
going
to
Market
,
and
if
not
assisted
by
the
Country
Men
,
take
away
from
them
their
Eatables
.
The
Females
always
keep
their
young
ones
close
in
their
Arms
,
whom
they
will
not
part
with
upon
any
occasion
whatsoever
,
so
that
one
may
see
them
tip
from
one
Tree
to
another
,
with
their
young
ones
,
as
nimbly
as
if
they
were
alone
.
They
will
make
great
havock
among
the
Fruits
of
the
Earth
,
but
especially
they
are
great
Lovers
of
Rice
,
and
of
the
Tari
,
which
they
will
Drink
out
of
the
Vessels
that
are
fastned
to
the
Cocoes
.
This
Creature
being
always
in
motion
,
appears
at
first
sight
to
be
very
timorous
,
notwithstanding
which
it
is
very
fierce
,
and
gives
sometimes
very
evident
signs
of
a
most
undaunted
courage
.
One
of
my
Acquaintance
being
abroad
a
Hunting
,
in
the
Kingdom
of
Cananor
,
had
seated
himself
under
a
Tree
to
eat
some
Comfits
he
had
in
his
Pocket
;
a
very
large
Ape
sat
watching
him
all
the
while
upon
the
same
Tree
,
to
see
whether
he
would
not
leave
something
behind
him
,
but
being
discovered
by
the
Gentleman
as
he
rose
out
of
his
place
,
he
Shot
him
with
his
Fusee
in
the
Belly
;
the
Ape
without
stirring
from
the
place
,
or
showing
the
least
sign
of
fear
,
tore
the
Wound
open
with
his
Fingers
,
took
hold
of
one
of
his
Guts
,
and
so
drew
them
out
very
leisurely
,
till
he
dropt
down
dead
upon
the
Ground
.
CHAP.
XXVII
.
Of
some
other
Animals
of
Malabar
.
OXEN
are
only
employed
in
the
East-Indies
to
Cultivate
the
Ground
,
and
the
Pagans
pay
them
too
much
reverence
to
kill
and
to
eat
them
.
There
is
abundance
of
Wild
Boars
in
Malabar
,
and
the
Nahers
,
(
Gentlemen
of
Malabar
,
)
make
it
their
chief
diversion
to
Hunt
them
;
they
all
eat
Pork
here
,
unless
it
be
the
Bramans
,
and
Nambouris
.
They
have
also
good
store
of
Mutton
and
Roe-bucks
.
They
go
also
frequently
abroad
to
Hunt
the
Gaselet
;
this
is
a
Creature
extreamly
like
a
Stag
,
but
that
its
Horns
are
plain
,
and
its
Body
something
less
;
they
take
them
with
Nets
,
which
is
the
general
way
of
Hunting
in
the
Indies
.
There
are
no
Rabbets
in
this
Country
,
but
Hares
in
abundance
;
they
are
not
eaten
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
when
they
catch
them
,
they
sell
them
to
the
Europeans
.
There
are
very
few
places
in
the
World
but
where
Adders
are
to
be
met
with
,
but
those
of
the
Indies
,
and
especially
of
the
Coast
of
Malabar
,
having
something
extraordinary
beyond
the
rest
,
deserve
particularly
to
be
taken
notice
of
here
.
I
had
heard
so
many
surprising
things
of
them
before
I
came
into
this
Country
,
that
I
look'd
upon
them
for
the
most
part
as
Fables
,
contrived
on
purpose
by
Travellers
,
to
deceive
the
credulous
people
;
but
I
have
since
been
convinced
by
my
own
Experience
;
nothing
being
more
certain
than
what
I
am
going
to
relate
concerning
the
Adders
on
the
Coast
of
Malabar
.
Some
of
them
are
not
above
an
Inch
thick
,
but
5
or
6
Feet
long
,
and
of
a
Greenish
Colour
,
so
that
they
are
not
easily
to
be
discerned
in
the
Grass
and
Bushes
,
I
knew
an
Indian
who
being
a
Christian
,
Travelled
with
a
Pagan
Indian
from
Basarto
Batiepatan
,
to
visit
one
of
their
Pagan
Temples
;
but
whilst
they
were
upon
the
Road
,
one
of
these
Green
Adders
all
upon
a
sudden
fastned
upon
the
Pagan
Indian's
Nose
,
and
creeping
into
his
right
Nostril
,
got
out
through
the
left
,
where
she
remain'd
till
the
poor
Fellow
fell
down
Dead
upon
the
Spot
.
There
is
another
kind
of
Adders
in
Malabar
,
called
by
the
Indians
Nalle
bambou
,
that
is
to
say
,
the
good
Adder
;
and
by
the
Portugueses
Cobra
capel
,
because
it
has
a
Skin
of
the
breadth
of
a
Hand
hanging
over
▪
its
Head
of
divers
Colours
,
as
if
it
were
enamell'd
,
as
all
the
rest
of
the
Body
is
of
a
very
lively
and
agreeable
Colour
.
The
bite
of
this
Adder
is
not
accounted
so
dangerous
as
the
former
,
for
tho'
it
often
proves
Mortal
,
yet
its
fatal
consequences
are
sometimes
prevented
by
proper
Antidotes
.
One
cannot
but
be
surprized
at
the
most
stupid
ignorance
and
blindness
of
those
Pagans
,
who
pay
a
most
profound
reverence
to
all
sorts
of
Reptils
,
but
especially
to
the
Adders
;
their
Statues
making
up
the
chief
Ornaments
of
their
Temples
.
They
are
blinded
to
such
a
degree
of
superstition
in
regard
of
these
Creatures
,
that
it
is
impossible
to
undeceive
them
,
and
to
make
them
open
their
Eyes
.
A
Secretary
belonging
to
a
certain
Prince
in
those
parts
,
was
at
the
time
whilst
I
was
in
the
Country
,
wounded
by
one
of
these
Adders
;
She
was
8
Foot
long
,
and
of
the
thickness
of
a
Man's
Arm
;
this
accident
happening
in
the
Country
,
the
Secretary's
Servant
took
the
Adder
,
which
they
enclosed
in
an
Earthen
Vessel
,
and
brought
her
up
to
Court
;
a
Convocation
of
the
Bramans
being
held
,
they
unanimously
addressed
their
Prayers
to
the
Adder
,
intreating
her
in
the
most
respectful
manner
that
could
be
,
to
spare
the
Life
of
the
wounded
Secretary
,
as
being
a
person
of
great
Ability
in
his
Station
,
and
consequently
very
useful
to
his
Prince
,
who
threatned
to
burn
the
Adder
,
if
She
did
not
take
care
to
keep
his
Secretary
alive
;
but
this
Adder
being
very
stubborn
as
it
seems
,
their
Prayers
and
threats
proved
equally
ineffectual
;
for
the
Secretary
being
destitute
in
the
Country
of
proper
Antidotes
,
died
in
a
few
days
,
to
the
no
small
regret
of
his
Prince
;
notwithstanding
which
,
being
perswaded
by
the
Bramans
,
that
his
Favourite
must
needs
have
committed
some
secret
and
erroneous
Crime
against
their
God
,
who
had
thought
fit
to
punish
him
thus
.
In
expiation
of
his
Crimes
,
he
ordered
the
Adder
to
be
carried
out
of
his
Palace
,
where
she
was
put
in
the
Grass
,
with
a
great
deal
of
Ceremony
,
the
Prince
and
all
his
Courtiers
having
paid
her
a
great
deal
of
respect
,
and
taken
their
formal
leave
of
this
Deity
.
There
are
a
great
many
among
the
Indians
so
over
superstitious
in
their
Zeal
as
to
carry
every
day
a
certain
quantity
of
Milk
abroad
,
for
the
nourishment
of
these
Deities
,
that
they
may
not
be
obliged
to
seek
for
their
Food
,
at
or
near
their
Houses
.
But
if
the
ignorance
of
these
poor
people
deserves
pity
,
the
imposture
of
the
●ramans
,
(
their
Priests
▪
)
ought
to
be
detested
by
all
the
World
.
There
are
among
them
some
very
well
skilled
in
Astrology
,
who
have
received
some
Tincture
of
Learning
,
and
are
exactly
well
versed
in
the
History
of
the
Indian
Nations
,
and
who
consequently
cannot
be
supposed
to
believe
themselves
,
what
they
impose
upon
the
Vulgar
;
I
have
often
entred
in
Discourse
with
them
upon
that
Subject
,
and
more
especially
with
one
who
was
my
familiar
Acquaintance
,
whom
I
used
to
upbraid
with
their
impostures
,
and
in
what
abominable
a
manner
they
misemployed
that
talent
,
wherewith
they
were
intrusted
by
God
;
in
thus
grosly
imposing
upon
the
credulity
of
an
ignorant
people
by
their
fabulous
inventions
,
barely
in
hopes
of
gaining
some
reputation
,
and
a
slender
share
of
worldly
interest
.
He
was
so
far
from
being
moved
or
convinced
with
what
I
alledged
to
him
,
that
on
the
contrary
he
persisted
in
justifying
their
proceedings
,
and
had
folly
enough
to
endeavour
to
perswade
me
of
the
verity
of
their
Doctrine
by
the
following
History
.
One
of
the
Principal
Bramans
,
belonging
to
one
of
the
most
famous
Temples
among
the
Malabars
,
being
very
solicitous
to
exhort
his
Auditors
to
Devotion
,
proposed
to
them
the
erecting
a
Statue
of
Gold
of
an
Adder
,
with
12
Eggs
of
the
same
substance
,
which
being
to
be
effected
by
a
voluntary
Contribution
,
and
the
Statue
to
be
placed
in
a
certain
place
within
the
Temple
,
where
it
was
to
be
Adored
,
he
told
them
that
the
same
Statue
in
6
Weeks
time
would
not
only
be
turn'd
into
a
live
Adder
of
the
same
bigness
,
but
also
hatch
out
of
the
12
Eggs
,
so
many
young
ones
,
that
would
in
time
all
become
Protectors
of
the
said
Temple
.
His
proposition
being
received
with
a
general
▪
consent
,
they
contributed
towards
the
erecting
of
the
said
Statue
with
such
a
chearfulness
,
that
it
was
soon
brought
to
perfection
,
and
carried
in
great
State
by
the
Bramans
,
followed
by
the
joyful
Acclamations
of
a
vast
number
of
people
to
the
Temple
,
where
it
was
set
up
in
a
place
assigned
for
that
purpose
,
which
was
shut
up
close
by
the
principal
Braman
,
till
the
6
Weeks
were
expired
;
when
having
again
assembled
the
people
,
he
went
at
the
Head
of
them
to
the
same
place
where
they
had
left
the
Statue
lock'd
up
before
;
and
not
finding
the
least
Remnants
either
of
the
Golden
Adder
,
or
the
12
Eggs
,
they
unanimously
concluded
that
they
were
all
turn'd
into
Living
Adders
.
The
Miracle
was
followed
by
an
universal
Acclamation
of
the
people
,
each
of
them
striving
to
out-do
the
other
,
in
giving
the
most
evident
Demonstrations
of
Joy
for
having
been
the
happy
Instruments
of
the
production
of
those
new
Deities
.
Tho'
I
could
scarce
forbear
Laughing
at
the
foolishness
of
this
contrivance
,
yet
the
impudence
wherewith
it
was
related
by
the
Braman
put
me
into
such
a
Passion
,
that
I
gave
him
sufficiently
to
understand
that
I
was
not
to
be
imposed
upon
by
such
Tricks
;
but
he
was
so
brazen
faced
as
to
persist
in
his
former
assurance
,
so
that
I
was
forced
to
leave
him
to
his
own
obstinacy
.
But
tho'
the
Pagans
have
imposed
upon
themselves
this
as
an
unalterable
Law
,
not
to
kill
an
Adder
,
the
Christians
and
Mahometans
are
not
obliged
to
the
same
rule
in
the
Indies
,
where
you
often
meet
with
them
in
your
Dwelling
Houses
;
nay
,
I
have
several
times
found
them
lurking
under
the
Beds
.
What
Antidote
is
most
effectual
to
be
made
use
of
against
the
Poyson
of
this
Creature
,
I
shall
have
occasion
to
speak
more
at
large
hereafter
.
The
Adders
of
the
largest
size
,
are
near
20
Foot
long
,
and
of
so
vast
a
thickness
,
that
they
are
able
to
swallow
a
Man
;
but
they
are
less
dangerous
than
the
rest
,
because
they
are
sooner
discovered
,
and
consequently
easier
to
be
avoided
.
Besides
,
that
they
are
scarce
ever
to
be
met
with
,
unless
it
be
in
desarts
;
and
,
if
they
are
sometimes
seen
near
great
Towns
or
on
the
Banks
or
Shoar
of
the
Sea
or
Rivers
,
it
is
commonly
after
some
great
inundation
of
the
latter
,
whereby
they
are
sometimes
carried
near
to
the
abovementioned
places
;
I
never
saw
any
of
them
but
what
were
Dead
,
which
appear'd
no
otherwise
than
a
Trunk
of
a
large
Tree
lying
upon
the
Ground
.
I
heard
once
a
Christian
who
had
been
formerly
a
Pagan
,
relate
a
very
remarkable
History
of
one
of
these
Adders
:
One
Evening
we
heard
a
Jaccal
or
Adive
,
cry
near
our
Habitation
,
which
notwithstanding
the
Barking
of
all
the
Dogs
round
about
us
,
we
perceived
to
approach
nearer
and
nearer
;
whereupon
,
the
Servants
being
got
abroad
with
lighted
Torches
,
made
up
towards
the
place
,
where
they
heard
the
Jaccal
cry
,
whom
they
found
very
near
devoured
,
by
one
of
these
Adders
,
who
had
questionless
surprized
him
asleep
;
our
Servants
kill'd
both
of
them
,
and
the
Adder
tho'
not
above
10
Foot
long
,
yet
was
of
such
a
thickness
as
to
be
able
to
swallow
so
large
a
Creature
as
the
Jaccal
.
Malabar
produces
Crocodiles
of
all
sorts
and
sizes
,
and
here
it
was
that
I
had
my
share
in
killing
one
,
as
I
have
related
before
.
CHAP.
XXVIII
.
Of
the
people
of
Malabar
,
and
their
Customs
.
THE
Inhabitants
of
Malabar
are
generally
well
shaped
,
all
of
them
Black
,
or
at
least
very
Brown
,
but
are
not
near
so
ugly
as
the
Africans
.
They
let
their
Hair
grow
to
a
great
length
;
they
don't
want
natural
Ingenuity
,
but
very
rarely
improve
it
by
any
useful
Arts
or
Sciences
.
They
are
very
Treacherous
,
breach
of
Faith
being
their
daily
practice
.
The
Mahometans
are
accounted
the
most
perfidious
,
but
the
Pagans
so
closely
follow
their
foot-steps
in
this
point
,
that
they
almost
out-do
their
Masters
.
The
last
of
these
two
are
the
off-spring
of
the
Ancient
Natives
of
the
Country
,
and
consequently
exceed
the
others
in
number
.
They
are
distinguished
into
several
Degrees
,
or
Tribes
.
The
first
is
that
of
the
Princes
;
Those
whom
they
call
Tives
,
apply
themselves
to
Husbandry
and
gathering
the
Tary
,
or
Palm-Tree-Wine
,
these
are
also
suffered
to
bear
Arms
,
but
this
is
only
by
permission
.
The
Moconas
or
Fisher-Men
are
all
obliged
to
live
near
the
Sea-Shoar
,
and
not
permitted
to
follow
any
other
Employment
,
they
are
not
suffered
to
bear
Arms
,
even
not
in
case
of
the
greatest
extremity
.
The
Mainats
or
whiteners
of
Linen
,
the
Weavers
,
and
those
that
make
it
their
Employment
to
draw
it
,
are
divided
into
so
many
different
Degrees
or
Tribes
.
The
vilest
and
most
contemptible
of
all
are
the
Pouliats
,
being
despised
by
the
rest
,
and
living
in
a
manner
like
vagabonds
in
most
wretched
Huts
,
made
of
the
Leaves
of
the
Palm-Tree
;
their
whole
Employment
is
to
watch
in
the
Fields
,
where
the
Rice
grows
.
It
is
look'd
upon
as
scandalous
to
have
any
Conversation
with
them
,
nay
,
even
to
approach
them
,
and
if
any
of
the
other
Tribes
happen
to
speak
to
them
unless
it
be
at
10
or
12
Yards
distance
,
they
are
obliged
to
purifie
themselves
before
they
come
into
any
other
Company
.
If
a
Nambouri
,
Braman
,
or
a
Naher
meets
with
any
of
those
Pouliats
upon
the
Road
,
they
command
them
at
first
sight
,
to
get
out
of
the
way
,
which
if
they
do
not
obey
in
an
instant
,
they
let
fly
at
them
with
their
Muskets
or
Arrows
,
and
kill
them
at
pleasure
,
provided
it
be
not
in
some
Sanctified
or
Privileged
place
.
If
a
Naher
or
Gentleman
has
a
mind
to
make
trial
of
his
Arms
,
he
may
shew
his
dexterity
upon
one
of
those
unfortunate
wretches
,
without
any
regard
to
Age
or
Sex
,
or
fearing
to
be
called
to
an
account
for
it
.
This
vile
Generation
being
subject
to
so
many
disasters
,
it
is
no
wonder
if
they
don't
propagate
so
fast
as
the
rest
of
the
Indians
;
their
condition
being
look'd
upon
so
mean
as
not
to
be
permitted
to
wear
any
kind
of
Stuffs
or
Linen
,
but
only
to
cover
some
part
of
their
Bodies
with
Leaves
.
They
eat
frequently
Carrion
,
nay
,
even
Insects
,
and
what
makes
them
above
all
others
abominable
to
the
Pagan
Indians
,
is
,
that
they
eat
Beef
,
which
died
a
natural
Death
.
They
are
so
despisable
as
that
no
Presents
,
neither
for
their
Gods
,
or
their
Princes
,
are
accepted
of
from
them
,
unless
it
be
Gold
or
Silver
;
but
they
are
obliged
to
lay
it
down
at
a
great
distance
,
and
retire
immediately
from
the
place
,
when
the
Nahers
,
who
are
the
Guards
of
the
Prince's
Person
,
come
and
take
it
up
,
talking
to
them
at
a
distance
,
and
giving
them
what
answer
is
to
be
made
,
without
allowing
them
to
approach
within
20
Paces
near
to
them
.
They
are
often
fined
in
very
great
Sums
;
and
because
it
may
seem
strange
how
they
that
are
banish'd
from
all
civil
Society
,
and
have
no
way
to
improve
themselves
,
should
be
in
a
capacity
to
pay
them
;
it
is
to
be
observed
,
that
the
Malabars
are
so
foolishly
Superstitious
,
as
to
Bury
most
of
their
Gold
and
Silver
with
them
after
their
Death
,
and
it
is
look'd
upon
as
a
Crime
to
Rob
the
Dead
.
But
the
Pouliats
frequently
watch
their
opportunity
to
find
out
these
hidden
Treasures
,
and
to
convert
them
to
their
own
use
;
which
makes
them
to
be
considered
among
the
Malabars
,
as
Sorcerers
,
and
an
infamous
Generation
,
guilty
of
the
most
inormous
Crimes
;
for
which
reason
it
is
,
that
upon
the
least
suspicion
they
are
accused
and
condemned
to
Death
.
But
the
other
Tribes
are
not
used
with
so
much
rigour
,
they
being
not
to
be
Convicted
even
in
evil
cases
,
without
very
substantial
Evidence
.
It
is
a
fundamental
Law
among
the
Malabars
,
as
well
as
most
other
Nations
of
the
Indies
,
which
they
look
upon
as
unalterable
and
never
to
be
neglected
,
to
wit
,
That
no
body
can
rise
beyond
the
degree
of
his
Tribe
,
wherein
he
is
Born
,
and
let
his
Riches
be
never
so
great
,
neither
he
nor
his
Posterity
can
exclude
themselves
from
that
Tribe
,
or
change
their
Condition
.
CHAP.
XXIX
.
Of
the
Nahers
.
THE
Nahers
are
the
Gentlemen
of
the
Contry
▪
and
may
easily
be
distinguish'd
from
the
rest
by
their
civil
Demeanour
and
Conversation
,
as
well
as
by
their
Birth
.
There
is
a
most
ancient
Custom
,
which
time
has
establish'd
for
a
Law
in
all
the
Kingdoms
on
the
Coast
of
Malabar
;
that
all
Strangers
or
others
,
who
are
not
Pagans
,
are
obliged
never
to
Travel
without
a
Guard
of
one
or
more
of
these
Nahers
;
this
being
an
indispensible
necessity
laid
upon
Travellers
;
because
these
Princes
never
take
cognisance
of
any
violences
offered
them
,
if
they
Travel
without
these
Guards
.
If
they
are
to
Travel
from
one
Kingdom
to
another
,
the
Nahers
of
the
place
where
they
are
,
take
care
to
procure
them
out
of
the
other
Kingdoms
,
whither
they
intend
to
go
,
some
who
are
to
conduct
them
.
To
every
one
of
these
Nahers
you
pay
eight
Tares
per
diem
,
which
amounts
to
half
a
Fanon
.
The
Fanon
is
a
small
piece
of
Gold
worth
16
Tares
;
and
the
Tare
is
a
small
Silver
Coin
worth
about
a
half-penny
.
Each
Naher
has
not
above
4
Tares
a
day
,
when
he
keeps
Guard
in
a
House
,
but
when
he
Travels
he
has
double
pay
.
These
Nahers
have
this
most
excellent
quality
,
that
they
never
betray
or
abandon
such
Travellers
as
they
Guard
upon
the
Road.
If
a
Man
happen
to
lose
his
Life
,
whilst
he
is
under
their
protection
,
they
will
not
survive
him
,
but
undergo
the
same
fate
;
if
they
should
do
otherwise
,
they
would
be
look'd
upon
as
Cowards
.
I
have
received
a
relation
from
very
good
Hands
,
which
well
deserves
to
be
inserted
here
:
Two
Rich
Portuguese
Merchants
Travelling
along
the
Malabar
Coast
,
from
the
Northern
to
the
Southern
parts
,
were
pursuant
to
the
Custom
of
the
Country
Conducted
by
several
Nahers
,
through
the
Kingdom
of
Cananor
;
but
coming
to
the
Borders
of
the
Kingdom
of
Samorin
,
were
provided
with
new
Guards
,
to
protect
them
in
their
Journey
through
that
Kingdom
.
But
these
perfidious
wretches
being
inticed
by
the
great
quantity
of
Gold
and
Jewels
these
Merchants
carried
with
them
,
Massacred
them
,
and
having
robbed
them
of
all
their
Precious
Moveables
,
retired
to
another
Kingdom
,
in
hopes
to
find
shelter
there
against
the
severity
of
the
Law
.
After
the
first
,
to
whose
care
they
were
committed
,
were
returned
to
their
homes
,
the
News
of
the
Murther
soon
spread
over
the
Country
,
their
Dead
Carcasses
having
soon
after
the
Fact
was
commited
,
been
discovered
by
some
others
Travelling
on
the
same
Road
;
they
were
examined
concerning
their
Conduct
,
and
having
given
an
exact
Account
,
to
whose
care
they
had
left
these
Merchants
,
these
Ruffians
Names
were
soon
known
,
and
consequently
they
were
apprehended
,
and
sent
to
their
Native
Country
,
to
receive
condign
Punishment
.
Some
part
of
the
Treasure
which
they
had
taken
from
the
Portuguese
Merchants
being
found
upon
them
,
when
they
were
seized
,
was
a
convincing
proof
of
their
Guilt
,
wherefore
being
Condemned
to
Death
,
their
Wives
and
nearest
Kindred
appear'd
at
the
place
of
Execution
,
telling
them
,
That
since
they
had
Committed
a
Fact
tending
so
much
to
the
Dishonour
of
their
Family
,
they
ought
to
be
the
Executioners
,
and
so
dispatch'd
them
out
of
the
way
.
There
is
another
thing
worth
observing
of
these
Nahers
;
That
Travellers
who
are
Conducted
by
a
good
number
of
these
Guards
,
are
often
exposed
to
more
danger
,
than
if
they
were
guided
by
one
of
their
Children
;
it
being
the
custom
of
the
Indian
Robbers
,
never
to
hurt
any
Children
or
such
as
are
not
able
to
defend
themselves
;
but
never
to
spare
any
that
are
provided
with
Arms
for
their
Defence
.
When
these
Children
of
the
Nahers
Travel
into
the
Country
,
they
are
only
provided
with
a
twisted
Stick
of
a
Foot
and
a
half
long
,
with
a
handle
a-top
most
like
our
Daggers
or
Bagonets
;
but
in
lieu
of
being
sharp
at
the
end
,
it
is
as
thick
at
the
bottom
as
a
Fist
;
and
this
kind
of
Stick
they
make
use
of
till
they
come
to
the
Age
appointed
for
their
bearing
of
Arms.
No
body
but
the
Sons
of
the
Nahers
are
permitted
to
wear
such
a
Stick
,
by
which
they
are
distinguish'd
from
the
rest
,
and
when
they
thus
Travel
,
they
are
not
allowed
above
three
half-pence
a
day
apiece
.
But
though
this
be
the
securest
way
of
Travelling
,
none
but
the
Poorer
sort
make
use
of
them
,
because
that
Travellers
are
commonly
respected
in
this
Country
according
to
the
number
of
Guards
,
which
attend
them
from
one
place
to
another
.
CHAP.
XXX
.
Of
some
other
Customs
of
the
Malabars
.
THose
of
a
higher
Rank
are
obliged
to
have
no
commerce
with
the
inferiour
Tribes
,
especially
in
respect
of
Eating
and
Drinking
,
in
which
point
they
are
so
scrupulous
,
as
not
to
permit
their
Victuals
to
be
dressed
by
those
of
an
inferiour
Rank
,
but
rather
,
if
possible
,
by
one
of
a
more
noble
Degree
;
But
above
all
,
they
observe
this
Rule
with
the
greatest
exactness
in
the
World
,
when
they
contract
any
Alliances
by
Marriages
;
nay
,
they
are
even
debar'd
from
having
commerce
with
a
Woman
of
an
inferiour
Degree
.
Thus
a
Man
may
marry
a
Woman
of
the
same
Quality
with
himself
,
or
at
most
of
the
next
Degree
under
his
,
but
not
of
a
superiour
Degree
;
if
any
of
either
Sex
are
convicted
of
having
transgressed
in
this
point
,
they
are
punished
with
Death
,
except
the
Females
of
the
Race
of
the
Nambouri's
and
Bramans
,
who
have
this
particular
privilege
belonging
to
them
,
That
,
if
they
are
surprized
in
any
thing
of
this
Nature
,
they
are
to
be
left
to
the
Prince's
disposal
,
who
sells
them
for
〈…〉
as
they
are
generally
the
handsomest
amongst
the
Malabars
,
so
Foreigners
are
very
eager
to
purchase
them
at
a
dear
rate
.
Of
this
I
saw
an
instance
at
Cananor
,
where
a
Portuguese
Captain
,
who
lately
had
lost
his
Ship
at
Sea
,
to
comfort
himself
for
his
loss
,
bought
a
handsome
Indian
,
the
Daughter
of
a
Braman
,
who
had
been
surprized
in
the
very
act
with
a
Tive
or
Country-man
.
He
happening
to
pass
by
our
Habitation
with
his
pretty
Slave
,
we
entertained
them
with
the
best
we
had
,
and
asking
the
Indian
Lady
some
Questions
concerning
her
adventures
,
she
at
first
would
give
us
no
answer
;
but
at
last
bursting
out
into
Tears
,
she
told
us
,
That
after
the
death
of
her
Mother
,
she
lived
with
an
Uncle
of
hers
,
who
used
to
send
her
frequently
with
some
other
young
Maids
of
the
same
Quality
into
the
Field
to
look
after
his
Grounds
;
where
having
seen
this
young
Tive
,
she
began
to
feel
at
first
some
tender
sentiments
for
his
Person
,
but
considering
the
inequality
of
their
Extraction
,
check'd
her
inclinations
for
some
time
,
till
the
young
Countryman
being
become
sensible
of
her
Passion
,
did
by
degrees
so
strongly
insinuate
himself
into
her
Affection
,
that
in
spite
of
all
the
rigour
of
the
Law
,
he
became
absolute
Master
of
her
Heart
,
so
that
she
resolved
to
admit
him
privately
into
her
Uncle's
House
,
which
was
done
accordingly
to
her
utter
destruction
,
they
having
been
so
unfortunate
,
as
to
be
surprized
the
very
first
time
,
where
the
poor
Tive
was
sacrificed
immediately
before
her
Eyes
to
the
revenge
of
her
Family
,
and
she
conducted
to
the
Prince
,
who
according
to
the
custom
of
the
Country
,
had
sold
her
to
the
Portuguese
Captain
.
The
Tears
wherewith
she
accompanied
her
Narration
sufficiently
testified
the
tenderness
she
had
for
the
unfortunate
young
Peasant
,
so
that
there
was
not
one
of
the
whole
Company
,
who
did
not
shew
a
great
deal
of
Compassion
for
this
unfortunate
Creature
.
But
the
Portuguese
,
who
,
like
all
the
rest
of
that
Nation
,
was
of
a
very
jealous
Nature
,
not
approving
of
our
tenderness
for
his
handsome
Slave
,
would
not
allow
her
to
stay
any
longer
near
our
Company
,
but
having
ordered
her
to
be
conducted
to
another
place
,
he
caused
her
to
be
Baptized
,
when
she
lived
with
him
,
where
I
have
several
times
afterwards
had
the
opportunity
to
see
her
.
If
a
Man
of
an
inferiour
degree
,
The
Nahers
have
a
power
to
exercise
this
cruelty
upon
such
occasions
against
the
Tives
and
Cheres
or
Weavers
,
as
these
have
the
same
power
over
the
Mokcona's
or
Fishermen
,
and
these
again
over
the
Pouliats
.
The
Nambouri's
and
Bramans
are
not
allowed
to
kill
any
body
,
so
that
their
authority
extends
no
further
in
this
point
,
than
to
deliver
up
these
poor
victims
to
the
Slaughter
.
This
custom
is
the
most
cruel
in
the
whole
World
,
and
would
be
altogether
insupportable
,
were
it
not
that
they
commonly
keep
these
Criminals
for
the
space
of
eight
days
alive
,
whereby
their
nearest
Relations
,
who
stand
in
fear
of
their
Enemies
,
have
sufficient
leisure
given
them
to
get
out
of
the
way
,
till
after
the
expiration
of
the
three
days
allotted
by
the
Law
,
for
revenging
the
affront
put
upon
the
Family
.
CHAP.
XXXI
.
A
further
Account
of
their
Customs
.
THey
don't
look
upon
it
as
a
Crime
to
kill
a
Pouliat
,
But
in
case
of
any
Robbery
committed
,
They
have
no
close
or
barricado'd
Prisons
in
Malabar
,
their
Criminals
are
but
slenderly
guarded
,
they
are
only
Ioaden
with
Fetters
,
which
are
never
taken
off
till
they
are
either
Discharged
or
Executed
.
All
causes
both
Civil
and
Criminal
are
pleaded
before
the
Prince
,
where
both
parties
produce
their
Evidences
;
if
the
accusation
appear
so
doubtful
as
not
to
be
decided
according
to
the
Evidence
produced
,
the
accused
may
clear
themselves
by
an
Oath
which
is
performed
in
the
following
manner
.
They
cause
a
piece
of
Iron
,
It
is
the
Prince
in
Person
,
who
is
always
to
pronounce
Sentence
,
from
whence
there
lies
no
Appeal
;
and
if
the
Criminal
be
Condemn'd
to
Death
,
it
is
Executed
immediately
upon
the
Spot
,
only
leading
him
without
the
Precinct
of
the
Royal
Palace
.
As
the
Indians
in
these
parts
look
upon
it
as
the
most
glorious
Action
they
can
do
,
to
Obey
their
Prince
without
reserve
,
they
have
no
occasion
to
employ
common
Executioners
upon
such
like
occasions
,
but
the
Nahers
belonging
to
the
Prince's
Guards
are
the
most
forward
to
execute
his
Orders
against
these
miserable
Wretches
;
nay
,
nothing
is
more
common
,
than
if
the
Crime
be
very
heinous
,
for
the
next
Kindred
of
the
Criminal
,
to
strive
who
shall
be
the
first
that
shall
give
the
fatal
blow
to
his
Kinsman
,
to
expiate
as
they
say
,
the
indignity
he
has
put
upon
the
Family
.
Their
common
way
of
putting
Criminals
to
Death
,
is
▪
by
running
a
Lance
quite
through
their
Bodies
,
after
which
,
they
cut
them
into
Quarters
,
which
are
hang'd
upon
Trees
.
In
each
Kingdom
among
the
Malabars
,
there
are
several
Princely
Families
,
which
are
altogether
descended
and
make
up
one
Royal
Line
,
superiour
in
Rank
to
all
the
rest
.
It
is
a
general
Custom
in
all
the
States
of
the
Malabars
,
that
after
the
Decease
of
the
King
,
the
most
Ancient
of
all
the
Princes
succeeds
without
the
least
opposition
from
the
rest
,
so
that
a
young
Sovereign
is
the
greatest
rarity
that
can
be
seen
among
the
Malabars
.
The
first
thing
the
New
King
does
after
his
elevation
to
the
Throne
,
The
King
being
fully
satisfied
in
the
Zeal
and
Prudence
of
his
Chief
Minister
of
State
,
leaves
the
whole
management
of
Affairs
to
his
Conduct
,
and
for
the
most
part
Lives
in
a
retired
place
,
but
with
a
great
deal
of
Magnificence
.
This
Governor
General
manages
altogether
the
whole
Treasury
;
it
is
he
that
makes
Peace
and
War
,
without
being
obliged
to
Communicate
with
any
Body
,
unless
it
be
with
the
King
himself
,
if
,
by
reason
of
his
great
Age
,
he
be
not
incapable
of
taking
cognisance
of
publick
Affairs
;
He
remains
always
standing
in
the
King's
Presence
,
permits
not
any
of
his
Courtiers
or
Guards
to
enter
his
Bed-Chamber
,
and
never
speaks
to
him
,
without
laying
his
Hand
upon
his
Mouth
.
He
must
be
very
careful
in
not
neglecting
the
least
punctilio
of
these
Ceremonies
,
a
fault
of
this
nature
not
being
to
be
repaired
,
unless
with
the
loss
of
his
Office
,
the
King
always
reserving
to
himself
the
liberty
of
discharging
his
primier
Minister
from
his
place
,
when
he
pleases
,
which
however
is
very
rarely
seen
in
those
parts
,
where
they
act
with
a
great
deal
of
circumspection
,
in
a
matter
of
so
great
consequence
.
When
the
King
of
Cananor
goes
abroad
,
he
is
either
carried
upon
the
Back
of
an
Elephant
,
CHAP.
XXXII
.
Of
some
other
Customs
of
the
Malabars
.
IT
is
sufficiently
known
that
in
all
Political
Constitutions
Princes
are
considered
as
the
Heads
of
the
Government
,
but
among
these
Pagans
their
Kings
are
(
in
all
matters
relating
to
Religion
,
)
subject
to
the
Nambouri's
and
Bramans
.
Before
I
speak
of
their
Marriages
,
Princesses
are
Married
here
to
the
Nambouri's
,
or
Bramans
,
The
Princes
Marry
the
Daughters
of
the
Nahers
,
but
never
any
Princesses
,
and
the
Children
begotten
betwixt
them
belong
to
the
Race
of
the
Nahers
,
and
not
of
the
Princes
.
The
Nahers
are
obliged
to
Marry
one
of
the
same
Quality
,
or
almost
of
the
next
degree
to
themselves
,
to
wit
,
of
the
Minats
or
Cheti
.
The
rest
of
the
several
Lines
have
the
same
liberty
,
to
Marry
one
of
their
own
Rank
,
or
one
degree
below
themselves
,
but
,
as
we
said
before
,
the
Women
must
not
debase
themselves
in
the
least
degree
in
their
Marriage
,
under
pain
of
Death
.
The
Malabar
Princes
,
the
Nambouri's
and
Bramans
,
as
also
the
chiefest
among
the
Nahers
,
have
commonly
but
one
Wife
,
and
they
endeavour
by
all
obliging
means
in
the
World
to
engage
them
to
be
faithful
to
them
,
and
not
to
look
out
for
another
Husband
,
which
is
not
in
their
power
to
prevent
by
any
other
than
gentle
means
,
this
liberty
being
allowed
to
the
Malabar
Women
,
provided
they
don
't
Marry
below
themselves
.
For
the
Pagan
Women
in
these
parts
(
contrary
to
what
is
practised
among
the
Mahometans
,
)
enjoy
according
to
the
Custom
of
their
Country
this
Prerogative
,
to
Marry
as
many
Husbands
as
they
please
;
and
what
is
the
most
surprizing
,
is
,
that
all
this
is
done
without
the
least
disorder
or
Jealousie
;
for
,
the
Man
when
he
comes
to
pay
his
Duty
to
his
Lady
leaves
his
Arms
at
the
Chamber-door
,
as
a
sure
sign
to
the
rest
,
that
the
place
is
taken
up
,
and
that
they
must
stay
his
leisure
before
they
can
enter
.
Their
Marriage-engagements
are
only
during
pleasure
,
and
when
they
are
satisfied
with
one
another
,
they
part
as
freely
as
they
met
.
The
ordinary
present
which
the
New
Married
Men
make
to
their
Wives
,
is
,
a
piece
of
Linen
Cloth
,
wherewith
to
cover
themselves
.
It
is
from
this
Custom
of
Marrying
so
many
Husbands
,
and
to
abandon
them
at
pleasure
,
that
their
Children
owe
their
Pedigree
to
their
Mothers
,
it
being
impossible
to
know
their
true
Fathers
;
neither
are
the
Sons
here
considered
as
the
next
Heirs
,
but
the
Nephews
,
but
they
must
be
the
Sister's
Sons
.
The
Mahometans
tho'
they
keep
a
most
watchful
Eye
over
their
Wives
,
nevertheless
do
they
observe
this
Custom
,
in
respect
of
Succession
or
Inheritance
,
all
over
Malabar
.
They
Marry
their
Daughters
for
the
most
part
at
12
Years
of
Age
,
and
there
are
abundance
among
them
who
bear
Children
before
that
Age
,
tho'
they
are
generally
but
very
small
,
which
may
perhaps
be
Attributed
to
their
being
Married
at
so
tender
an
Age.
Widwives
are
unknown
in
these
parts
,
those
of
a
more
advanced
Age
supply
this
defect
in
a
Country
where
they
are
Delivered
with
much
ease
,
in
Comparison
to
what
is
done
in
Europe
.
For
the
Malabar
as
well
as
the
African
Women
,
are
no
sooner
Deliver'd
,
but
they
wash
themselves
,
and
take
no
further
care
of
their
Babes
,
than
to
give
them
Suck
.
The
Malabar
Women
are
for
the
generality
well
shap'd
,
and
not
ill
Featured
,
but
the
little
ones
are
in
greater
esteem
than
the
tall
ones
;
the
privilege
of
Marrying
so
many
Husbands
as
they
please
,
exempts
them
from
that
most
cruel
Custom
of
burning
themselves
with
the
Dead
Carcasses
of
their
Husbands
,
to
which
the
rest
of
the
Indian
Women
are
Subject
.
CHAP.
XXXIII
.
Of
their
Habits
and
Houses
.
AS
to
their
Habits
,
there
is
scarce
any
difference
betwixt
the
Men
and
the
Women
in
Malabar
;
they
wear
their
Hair
,
which
is
Black
,
very
long
,
and
go
Naked
as
far
as
the
middle
;
even
the
Princes
themselves
,
who
,
if
they
sometimes
make
use
of
a
small
Vest
,
always
leave
it
open
before
.
They
wear
about
their
Middle
a
piece
of
Cloth
,
which
comes
down
as
low
as
their
Knees
,
and
never
make
use
of
Shooes
or
Stockings
.
In
other
Countries
Ladies
of
Quality
endeavour
to
out-vie
one
another
by
their
rich
Gold
and
Silver
Stuffs
;
but
the
quite
contrary
is
practised
among
the
Malabars
,
where
these
Stuffs
are
not
worn
but
by
the
meaner
sort
,
the
Ladies
of
the
Nahers
and
all
the
rest
of
a
Superiour
Rank
wearing
nothing
but
fine
White
Callico
.
The
richer
sort
wear
Girdles
of
Gold
,
and
Bracelets
of
Silver
or
Horn
,
in
which
,
they
take
all
most
particular
Pride
.
The
Women
never
adorn
themselves
with
any
Jewels
,
unless
it
be
a
Ring
.
Both
Men
and
Women
have
holes
in
their
Ears
,
which
are
so
long
,
that
they
hang
down
quite
to
their
Shoulders
;
because
they
are
so
careful
in
continually
enlarging
the
holes
,
that
you
may
thrust
a
Fist
into
them
,
which
is
occasioned
by
the
weight
of
the
Pendants
,
who
sometimes
exceed
two
Ounces
;
some
of
them
wear
Golden
Chains
,
but
these
being
the
peculiar
marks
of
the
King's
favour
,
are
never
bestow'd
but
upon
such
as
have
signalized
themselves
by
some
remarkable
Action
.
All
the
Malabars
Shave
their
Beards
close
,
except
some
few
,
that
wear
Mustachio's
.
Their
Houses
are
commonly
made
of
Earth
,
and
instead
of
Tiles
they
cover
them
with
the
Leaves
of
the
Cocoe-Tree
,
it
being
a
great
rarity
here
to
see
a
House
of
Stone
or
Brick
.
Their
Furniture
consists
in
some
Baskets
and
a
few
Earthen
Pots
and
Dishes
;
their
Cups
are
of
the
same
matter
,
and
their
Kings
themselves
make
use
of
them
as
the
European
Princes
do
of
Gold
and
Silver
Vessels
.
They
have
no
other
Light
at
Nights
,
but
what
their
Lamps
furnish
them
with
,
which
are
supply'd
by
the
Oyl
drawn
from
the
Cocoes
;
when
they
eat
,
they
always
turn
their
Back
to
the
Light
.
As
they
are
never
sensible
of
Cold
here
,
so
they
don't
make
use
of
Chimneys
,
but
what
Fire
they
have
occasion
for
,
to
dress
their
Victuals
,
is
made
without
Doors
.
Wheat
being
a
scarce
Commodity
in
this
part
of
the
Indies
,
they
make
use
only
of
Rice
instead
of
it
.
Their
Dishes
are
dressed
without
Sauces
,
and
consequently
very
unsavory
;
their
Beds
are
nothing
else
but
Deal
Boards
,
which
the
Richer
sort
cover
with
Tapestry
suitable
to
their
Quality
,
and
the
Poor
only
with
Mats
.
There
is
no
Villages
to
be
seen
all
over
Malabar
,
every
one
has
his
separate
Habitation
,
and
inclosure
in
the
Country
;
and
,
it
is
impossible
for
all
of
them
to
live
near
the
River
side
,
and
that
it
is
a
constant
Custom
among
them
,
not
to
make
use
of
their
Neighbour's
Water
,
there
is
no
House
so
inconsiderable
but
what
has
a
Well
of
its
own
.
CHAP.
XXXIV
.
Of
the
Riches
of
their
Pagan
Temples
.
THEIR
Pagan
Temples
are
most
Magnificent
,
being
generally
covered
with
Copper
,
and
sometimes
with
Silver
.
There
is
always
a
Basin
near
the
Temple
,
proportionable
in
bigness
to
the
largeness
of
the
Temple
,
where
the
Pagans
purifie
themselves
before
they
approach
their
Idols
.
The
number
of
the
Bramans
is
regulated
according
to
the
Revenues
belonging
to
the
Temple
.
Every
day
there
is
a
certain
quantity
of
Rice
allotted
for
the
use
of
the
Poor
that
live
near
it
,
as
also
for
the
benefit
of
such
Strangers
as
pass
by
that
way
,
let
them
be
of
what
Religion
they
will
;
the
Pagans
having
only
this
Prerogative
to
enter
within
the
Temple
,
whereas
,
the
others
are
obliged
to
remain
without
Doors
,
under
certain
Barracks
made
for
that
purpose
,
where
they
may
Sleep
,
if
Night
surprize
them
in
their
Journey
.
Besides
the
ordinary
Revenue
of
these
Pagan
Temples
,
the
people
bring
every
day
their
Offerings
,
which
are
given
to
the
Bramans
,
who
are
to
offer
it
to
the
Idols
.
And
as
these
Offerings
don't
consist
in
any
thing
that
has
Life
,
so
they
are
most
commonly
Rice
,
Butter
,
Fruits
,
Preserves
,
Gold
,
or
Silver
;
the
two
last
are
but
rarely
offered
,
and
the
rest
serve
the
Bramans
for
the
Maintenance
of
their
Families
,
they
having
no
more
to
do
than
to
bring
forth
their
empty
Dishes
to
these
ignorant
people
,
who
think
it
a
Crime
to
believe
otherwise
,
than
what
they
have
offered
to
have
been
consumed
by
the
Idols
.
Some
of
the
richest
Temples
have
large
Territories
belonging
to
them
,
from
whence
,
they
draw
their
yearly
Revenues
;
and
if
any
one
happen
to
spill
Blood
in
these
Grounds
,
tho'
in
his
own
defence
,
Of
this
I
saw
an
instance
,
during
my
stay
in
these
parts
:
Two
Nahers
passing
through
the
Burrough
or
Market-Town
of
Batiepatan
,
and
seeing
a
Rich
Merchant
,
who
was
a
Mahometan
,
receive
a
considerable
Summ
of
Money
in
Ducats
,
took
a
resolution
to
lie
in
wait
for
him
at
a
certain
place
,
through
which
he
was
to
pass
,
to
kill
him
,
and
seize
the
Money
for
their
own
use
.
Accordingly
they
followed
him
at
some
distance
,
till
they
overtook
him
at
a
certain
place
,
which
they
believed
to
be
beyond
the
Precinct
of
the
Territories
belonging
to
the
Temple
of
Batiepatan
,
where
they
run
him
through
in
several
places
,
till
they
had
killed
him
,
and
so
retired
to
Calicut
,
under
the
Jurisdiction
of
the
King
of
Samorin
.
The
Dead
Carcass
of
the
Mahometan
Merchant
having
been
soon
after
found
,
the
Bramans
were
consulted
,
and
being
come
to
the
place
,
they
declared
that
he
that
had
committed
the
Murther
,
had
defiled
the
Holy
Ground
of
their
Idol
,
the
place
being
within
the
Territories
(
which
are
of
a
very
large
extent
,
)
belonging
to
the
Temple
.
Complaints
being
made
hereof
to
Prince
Onitri
,
he
caused
an
exact
enquiry
to
be
made
after
the
Malefactor's
Names
and
place
of
Abode
,
who
being
two
Brothers
,
they
were
Summon'd
to
make
their
Appearance
before
the
Prince
,
but
being
no
where
to
be
found
,
they
were
Condemn'd
to
Death
,
as
if
they
had
been
present
;
and
to
expiate
the
Crime
,
an
Unkle
of
theirs
,
so
far
advanced
in
Years
,
as
not
to
be
able
to
walk
,
without
leaning
upon
some
Body
,
was
carried
before
Prince
Onitri
,
who
examin'd
him
concerning
the
Fact
and
the
Flight
of
his
Nephews
;
he
answered
,
that
he
was
ignorant
both
of
the
causes
and
manner
of
the
Flight
of
his
Nephews
,
but
this
availed
but
little
;
for
the
Prince
told
him
that
he
would
give
him
8
Days
to
find
out
his
Nephews
,
and
if
in
the
mean
time
he
did
not
bring
them
forth
,
he
should
be
proceeded
against
as
a
Criminal
.
The
poor
Old
Man
did
what
he
could
to
save
his
Life
,
but
in
vain
,
so
that
the
next
day
after
the
prefixed
term
was
expired
,
he
was
Condemn'd
to
Die
,
and
notwithstanding
his
Old
Age
,
his
Innocence
,
and
the
Intercession
of
his
Friends
,
was
immediately
executed
.
CHAP.
XXXV
.
Of
their
Idols
.
BEsides
that
these
Pagans
Worship
many
Idols
,
which
have
no
resemblance
to
any
thing
in
the
World
;
there
are
several
kinds
of
living
Creatures
,
whom
they
adore
,
but
the
most
profound
respect
they
pay
to
the
Sun
and
Moon
.
As
at
the
new
Moon
,
they
make
great
rejoycings
,
so
when
she
is
Eclipsed
,
they
appear
abroad
,
making
most
horrible
out-cries
,
whereby
,
as
they
say
,
they
frighten
away
the
Dragon
,
who
then
endeavours
to
devour
the
Moon
.
They
use
the
same
Veneration
to
their
Kings
,
as
they
do
to
their
Gods
,
and
they
Reverence
old
Age
to
so
high
a
Degree
,
that
even
the
most
Potent
and
Richest
of
the
Nahers
,
will
not
sit
down
before
those
that
are
considerably
older
than
themselves
,
though
their
Enemies
.
They
count
their
time
by
the
Moon
,
notwithstanding
which
,
their
Festivals
are
not
fixed
to
certain
days
,
this
depending
meerly
on
the
Capricio
of
the
Bramans
.
These
Priests
are
very
exact
in
their
Fasts
,
and
upon
any
Solemn
Day
,
they
call
together
such
as
live
within
a
reasonable
distance
of
the
Temple
,
from
whence
they
bring
forth
the
Idol
,
and
having
placed
it
upon
an
Elephant
very
righly
Harnassed
,
Thus
after
having
taken
their
Rounds
through
such
places
as
were
appointed
for
that
days
Solemnity
,
they
carry
the
Idol
back
to
the
Temple
in
the
same
manner
,
as
it
was
brought
out
before
.
They
have
also
several
other
Ceremonies
,
which
being
abominable
to
relate
,
we
will
pass
by
in
silence
.
They
burn
the
dead
Bodies
of
their
Princes
,
of
the
Nambouri's
,
the
Bramans
,
and
the
Nahers
,
but
all
the
rest
of
an
inferiour
Rank
,
are
interred
.
CHAP.
XXXVI
.
Of
their
Arms.
ALL
the
Malabars
in
general
,
Their
Musquets
are
very
light
,
though
they
are
six
foot
long
,
and
there
is
no
Naher
,
but
he
always
carries
a
mould
about
him
for
his
Ball.
They
don't
lay
the
But-end
of
their
Musquets
to
their
Shoulders
,
but
on
their
Cheeks
,
when
they
are
going
to
give
fire
,
Their
Bows
are
six
foot
long
,
their
Arrows
three
;
the
Iron
at
the
point
about
three
inches
broad
,
and
eight
long
:
They
do
not
carry
them
in
a
Quiver
as
they
do
at
Suratte
,
where
they
are
not
near
so
big
,
but
they
hold
always
seven
or
eight
of
them
ready
in
their
hands
.
Besides
this
,
they
have
fastned
to
their
sides
with
an
iron
Hook
a
sort
of
a
large
Knife
or
Bagonet
,
of
about
half
a
foot
broad
,
and
a
foot
and
a
half
long
;
this
they
make
use
of
when
they
come
to
a
close
Engagement
.
Those
who
wear
Cymetars
make
use
of
Bucklers
;
all
of
them
wear
their
Arms
without
Scabbards
or
any
other
Coverts
,
for
which
reason
they
are
very
careful
to
keep
them
neat
and
bright
.
The
young
People
frequently
perform
their
Exercises
of
Arms
in
the
presence
of
the
Prince
,
or
before
some
others
of
the
most
eminent
rank
in
the
Kingdom
.
Those
who
have
a
more
than
ordinary
esteem
of
their
skill
in
the
exercise
of
Weapons
,
If
their
happen
to
be
a
Family
quarrel
betwixt
the
Nahers
,
The
Malabars
are
generally
very
patient
,
and
not
easily
put
in
a
Passion
;
Besides
which
it
ought
to
be
mentioned
to
their
Honour
,
that
they
never
revenge
themselves
by
any
clandestine
means
,
but
give
themselves
due
satisfaction
by
the
most
honourable
ways
that
possibly
can
be
,
the
use
of
poison
being
not
so
much
as
known
among
them
.
When
they
go
abroad
into
the
Wars
,
they
march
without
observing
the
least
order
,
without
making
any
account
of
Rank
or
File
.
They
fight
barely
out
of
a
point
of
Honour
,
or
at
the
most
for
a
little
Pillage
,
these
Kings
being
most
infected
with
the
Ambition
of
enlarging
their
Territories
,
it
brings
a
general
received
Custom
among
the
Malabar
Princes
,
to
restore
to
one
another
,
as
soon
as
the
Peace
is
concluded
,
all
that
they
have
taken
during
the
War
.
CHAP.
XXXVII
.
Of
the
Mahometans
in
Malabar
.
THE
Mahometans
in
Malabar
owe
their
off-spring
to
such
Foreigners
of
their
Religion
,
as
formerly
have
settled
themselves
in
those
parts
for
the
conveniency
of
Commerce
.
For
few
of
the
Pagans
,
but
especially
the
Nahers
,
never
apply
themselves
to
it
,
which
is
the
reason
,
that
most
of
the
Commodities
imported
,
or
exported
,
pass
thro'
the
hands
of
Strangers
.
The
Villages
or
places
inhabited
by
these
Foreign
Merchants
,
are
called
in
the
Malabar
Tongue
,
Basars
,
which
is
as
much
as
to
say
,
a
Market-place
.
The
most
considerable
of
these
trading
places
are
generally
seated
on
the
Sea-shoar
,
or
near
the
mouth
of
some
River
or
another
,
for
the
more
conveniency
of
the
Foreign
Merchants
,
who
are
for
the
most
part
Europeans
.
The
Mahometans
dwelling
in
those
parts
are
a
vile
and
treacherous
sort
of
People
,
abundance
of
them
live
upon
Piracy
,
and
attack
all
Ships
they
meet
,
without
any
difference
,
If
these
Corsairs
render
the
Indian
Seas
somewhat
troublesome
,
it
is
very
safe
travelling
by
Land
,
especially
,
if
you
be
conducted
by
some
Nahers
,
as
you
travel
from
one
Town
to
another
;
for
robbing
upon
the
High-way
and
Stealing
,
is
most
severely
punish'd
,
whereas
Pirating
is
look'd
upon
as
a
free
Exercise
,
the
Kings
in
those
parts
not
taking
Cognisance
of
what
is
transacted
upon
the
open
Sea
,
where
they
are
perswaded
the
weakest
ought
to
submit
to
the
strongest
.
These
Corsairs
pay
the
tenth
of
what
Booty
they
take
,
either
in
Money
or
Slaves
to
the
Prince
,
under
whose
Jurisdiction
they
live
;
upon
the
Seas
nothing
is
exempted
from
their
attempts
,
they
attacking
all
they
meet
,
without
any
respect
of
Religion
or
Nation
,
or
having
the
least
regard
to
any
passes
,
though
given
by
such
Lords
or
Princes
as
they
stand
in
awe
of
.
If
their
next
Neighbours
or
their
best
Friends
chance
to
fall
into
their
hands
at
Sea
,
they
spare
them
no
more
,
than
if
they
were
the
greatest
strangers
in
the
World
,
but
load
them
with
Irons
till
they
have
paid
their
Ransom
.
These
Pirats
are
more
ignorant
and
barbarous
than
the
other
Mahometans
,
they
are
distinguished
from
the
Pagans
only
by
their
Beards
,
Turbants
and
Vests
.
If
they
happen
to
take
any
Mahometans
or
Pagans
,
they
only
strip
them
of
all
they
find
,
but
seldom
make
them
Slaves
,
unless
it
be
a
person
from
whom
they
expect
an
extraordinary
Ransom
.
The
Christians
are
treated
with
more
severity
,
and
are
sure
to
die
in
Slavery
,
unless
they
be
either
ransomed
,
or
else
embrace
Mahometanism
,
when
they
are
much
respected
,
and
commonly
are
made
Captain
of
their
Paros
.
At
their
first
going
abroad
with
one
of
those
Vessels
,
their
chiefest
aim
is
to
initiate
the
new
Vessel
with
the
Blood
of
the
first
Christian
Slave
they
take
.
But
among
all
the
Europeans
,
Casal
de
Polvera
,
which
signifies
the
Powder-House
,
from
whence
,
there
is
seldom
any
Redemption
;
These
Barbarians
being
naturally
so
covetous
as
scarce
ever
to
attempt
the
Redemption
of
their
Friends
out
of
Slavery
,
unless
it
be
sometimes
a
Captain
of
their
Paros
,
which
however
is
scarce
ever
granted
by
the
Portuguese
,
who
in
requital
of
the
Cruelties
exercised
by
them
against
their
Country-Men
,
rather
choose
to
let
them
Die
in
Bondage
,
than
to
make
the
advantage
of
their
ransom
.
The
Mahometans
living
among
the
Malabars
,
are
obliged
to
Accommodate
themselves
in
all
respects
to
their
Laws
and
Customs
,
unless
it
be
in
such
matters
as
are
directly
opposite
to
their
Religion
;
tho'
the
Mahometans
in
those
parts
are
more
Jealous
to
fill
their
Coffers
,
and
in
frequenting
the
best
Market-Town
,
than
their
Mosques
.
CHAP.
XXXVIII
.
The
French
Settlement
at
Tilcery
.
WE
being
seated
at
Batiepatan
,
in
a
place
where
we
wanted
all
manner
of
conveniency
,
by
reason
of
its
distance
from
the
Sea-side
,
as
soon
as
the
two
Ships
called
the
Mary
,
and
the
Strong
,
had
set
Sail
in
order
to
their
return
into
France
,
we
made
our
Applications
to
Prince
Onitri
,
to
assign
us
another
more
Commodious
place
for
our
Habitations
,
which
having
soon
been
granted
by
the
means
of
some
Presents
,
he
himself
settled
us
in
a
place
called
Tatichere
,
(
afterwards
by
us
named
Tilcery
,
)
being
part
of
his
own
Estate
,
Situate
about
4
Leagues
to
the
South
of
Batiepatan
,
The
last
of
these
two
places
is
Situate
at
11
Degrees
,
and
40
Minutes
North
Latitude
,
in
the
most
Fertile
and
Beautiful
part
of
the
whole
Kingdom
.
It
s
Port
is
very
fair
and
Commodious
,
during
the
Summer
Season
,
but
dangerous
in
Winter
.
It
was
in
this
place
the
Portuguese
first
settled
themselves
after
their
first
discovery
of
the
Indies
.
There
is
to
this
day
to
be
seen
a
strong
Tower
Built
of
Stone
;
which
they
had
brought
along
with
them
from
Portugal
;
it
is
environ'd
with
a
very
good
high
Wall
,
whereupon
are
Mounted
above
100
pieces
of
Cannon
;
they
soon
after
Built
a
very
handsome
Town
just
by
the
Fort
,
and
made
themselves
so
considerable
in
those
parts
,
that
they
were
a
Terror
to
all
the
Indians
round
about
them
.
Cananor
is
destitute
of
the
conveniency
of
a
River
,
but
this
is
supplied
by
a
small
Bay
,
where
there
is
very
Commodious
Landing
.
The
Dutch
having
afterwards
got
a
settlement
here
under
the
protection
of
the
King
of
Cananor
,
the
Inhabitants
craved
their
assistance
against
the
encroachments
made
upon
them
by
the
Portugueses
;
and
these
glad
of
so
favourable
an
opportunity
of
ridding
their
hands
of
their
Rival's
being
assisted
by
the
Nahers
of
the
Country
,
On
the
South
side
there
is
a
very
large
Market-Town
,
Inhabited
by
Mahometan
Merchants
,
who
live
there
under
the
jurisdiction
of
a
person
of
Quality
of
their
own
Religion
,
who
is
nevertheless
dependant
from
the
King
and
his
Chief
Minister
.
He
that
was
there
Governour
all
my
time
,
was
called
Atitaja
,
and
was
King
of
several
of
the
Maldive
Islands
.
These
Islands
are
very
Healthful
and
Fertile
,
'T
is
here
that
those
Canas
,
which
we
call
Bambou's
,
grow
in
great
quantities
.
They
are
when
they
come
to
perfection
,
as
thick
as
a
Man's
Thigh
,
and
20
or
30
Foot
long
;
whilst
they
are
very
young
and
tender
they
cut
them
and
pickle
them
in
Vinegar
.
They
slit
them
before
they
are
dry
,
to
make
Palanquins
of
them
,
but
when
they
are
come
to
full
perfection
,
they
are
sold
at
the
rate
of
200
Crowns
apiece
.
Since
the
departure
of
the
Portugueses
from
Cananor
,
the
Dutch
are
become
as
grievous
to
the
Inhabitants
as
the
Portuguese
,
and
if
their
Pride
was
insupportable
to
the
Indians
,
the
insolence
of
the
others
is
no
less
troublesome
to
them
,
so
that
in
all
likelihood
they
would
be
forward
enough
to
lend
a
helping
hand
,
to
such
as
would
attempt
to
drive
the
Hollanders
from
thence
.
At
a
League
distance
from
Cananor
,
as
you
Travel
towards
the
South
,
you
pass
through
a
Town
called
Carla
,
Inhabited
by
Tives
and
Cheti's
,
where
are
made
the
best
Callicoes
,
which
retain
the
Name
of
that
place
for
their
goodness
sake
.
A
League
further
towards
the
South
,
you
come
to
Tremapatan
,
CHAP.
XXXIX
.
Our
Departure
from
Batiepatan
.
BEfore
I
say
any
thing
more
of
Tilcery
,
you
must
know
that
the
Sieur
de
Flacour
and
de
la
Terine
,
being
gone
with
the
Prince
Onitri
,
to
take
possession
of
the
place
assigned
for
our
new
Settlement
;
I
staid
behind
at
Batiepatan
,
to
take
care
of
the
Transportation
of
our
Moveables
and
Effects
,
to
our
new
Habitations
,
in
such
Vessels
as
were
appointed
for
that
purpose
,
under
the
Convoy
of
a
certain
number
of
Nahers
.
We
passed
the
Fort
of
Cananor
,
and
the
Town
of
Carla
,
without
meeting
with
any
Pirates
,
but
as
we
made
towards
Tremapatan
,
we
perceived
one
to
appear
from
behind
the
abovementioned
Island
,
making
the
best
of
his
way
towards
us
.
Those
that
knew
them
by
the
Bulk
and
Shape
of
their
Vessel
,
assuring
me
that
they
were
Pirates
,
I
to
avoid
the
danger
of
meeting
with
them
,
ordered
our
Vessels
to
get
into
a
small
River
thereabouts
,
and
leaving
them
to
be
guarded
by
the
Nahers
,
I
Travell'd
my self
by
Land
,
under
the
Conduct
of
two
of
these
Nahers
to
Tilcery
,
where
I
met
with
the
Ship
called
the
City
of
Marseille
,
Commanded
by
Captain
Perotin
,
who
was
formerly
Lieutenant
in
the
same
Ship
,
which
carried
me
out
of
France
,
as
far
as
the
Fort
Dauphine
,
in
the
Isle
of
Madagascar
.
Having
told
the
Captain
how
our
Ship
was
beset
in
a
small
adjacent
River
,
by
a
Pirate
,
he
sent
out
an
Armed
Chaloup
,
with
20
Men
,
and
4
Patarero's
,
who
,
in
sight
of
the
Pirate
,
carried
off
our
Vessels
,
without
the
least
obstacle
.
The
Ship
the
City
of
Marseille
,
having
immediately
received
her
Cargo
of
Pepper
,
Cardamom
,
and
Cinnamon
,
was
sent
away
into
Persia
,
leaving
with
us
the
Reverend
Father
Gabriel
de
Chinon
,
a
Capuchin
,
who
by
the
Order
of
the
Reverend
Father
Ambrosius
de
Previlly
,
of
the
same
Order
,
and
Superiour
of
the
Missionaries
in
the
Indies
,
was
sent
in
Quality
of
a
Missionary
,
to
the
Coast
of
Malabar
.
That
part
which
Prince
Onitri
had
given
,
Tilcery
it self
,
French
East-India
Company
,
there
being
not
another
such
a
convenient
place
for
their
purpose
in
the
whole
Kingdom
.
No
sooner
were
the
French
put
in
possession
of
the
place
,
but
they
caused
a
House
with
Commodious
Watch-Houses
for
their
Merchandizes
to
be
Built
out
of
such
Materials
as
the
Country
afforded
,
all
which
,
they
fortified
with
all
possible
diligence
,
to
serve
them
for
a
defence
against
any
surprize
.
About
the
same
time
Father
Gabriel
,
whom
we
mentioned
before
,
fell
very
dangerously
ill
of
a
Dysentery
,
and
being
of
Opinion
,
that
the
Indian
Physicians
might
be
better
Skill'd
in
the
Distempers
of
their
own
Country
,
he
sent
for
a
Paudite
,
(
thus
they
call
their
Physicians
,
)
who
,
notwithstanding
the
violence
of
the
Symptoms
,
which
to
me
were
no
good
Presages
,
promised
to
Cure
him
in
3
days
time
,
and
in
part
he
made
good
his
Word
,
for
having
given
him
a
certain
Medicine
,
which
,
as
far
as
I
could
judge
was
a
Composition
of
Opium
,
(
by
the
Indians
called
Amphion
,
)
of
Oyl
,
and
of
Jagra
,
or
Sugar
of
the
Cocoes
,
of
which
,
he
was
to
take
a
Spoonful
every
Night
and
Morning
,
he
put
an
end
to
his
Distemper
and
Life
on
the
27th
of
June
.
By
the
loss
of
so
good
a
Man
,
we
were
deprived
of
the
greatest
Spiritual
Comfort
we
so
much
stood
in
need
of
in
a
Barbarous
Country
,
Inhabited
by
Idolaters
,
but
as
we
were
forced
to
submit
to
Providence
,
so
the
Memory
of
a
person
highly
venerable
for
his
Age
,
and
other
rare
Endowments
,
which
begot
a
great
respect
in
the
Mahometans
and
Pagans
,
ought
always
to
be
Sacred
among
his
Friends
.
The
better
to
secure
our selves
and
the
Effects
of
the
East-India
Company
at
Tilcery
,
we
were
obliged
for
a
considerable
time
to
entertain
50
Nahers
in
our
Service
,
there
passing
scarce
a
day
but
that
we
were
Alarm'd
by
the
Neighbouring
Indians
,
who
having
conceived
a
Jealousie
at
our
Buildings
and
Fortifications
,
openly
threatned
to
take
the
first
opportunity
to
cut
our
Throats
;
which
obliged
us
to
make
our
Application
to
Prince
Onitri
,
and
to
desire
his
Protection
;
but
he
being
at
that
time
not
at
leisure
to
come
in
Person
,
the
Neighbouring
Indians
would
not
permit
their
Workmen
to
assist
us
in
finishing
our
Settlement
;
at
last
after
various
obstacles
to
be
surmounted
,
and
great
Intreaties
,
Prince
Onitri
appearing
among
us
,
and
declaring
that
he
would
Protect
us
against
all
that
should
dare
to
oppose
us
,
he
caused
several
of
those
who
had
been
most
troublesome
to
us
,
to
be
severely
chastised
,
which
put
such
a
Terror
among
the
rest
,
that
they
did
not
disturb
us
for
some
time
after
;
especially
when
they
saw
that
Prince
Onitri
tarried
thereabouts
for
full
6
Months
,
the
better
to
keep
these
mutinous
people
in
awe
by
his
presence
.
CHAP.
XL.
A
Voyage
of
the
Sieur
de
Flacour
,
into
the
Kingdom
of
Samorin
.
THE
Dutch
who
are
in
continual
Broils
with
one
or
other
of
these
Indian
Princes
,
Trianvaca
Catota
Batacota
.
The
Fortress
being
very
strong
and
of
no
small
consequence
,
and
the
Samorins
having
provided
the
place
with
every
thing
necessary
for
its
defence
,
stood
it
out
bravely
at
first
against
the
Dutch
;
but
their
heavy
Artillery
having
disheartned
the
Nahers
,
who
defended
the
place
,
and
the
King
having
sought
in
vain
for
Succours
among
his
Neighbours
,
who
durst
not
break
with
the
Dutch
,
judged
it
most
advisable
to
have
recourse
to
the
Europeans
.
The
Portugueses
were
not
in
a
condition
to
assist
him
,
neither
was
he
perhaps
willing
to
give
them
an
opportunity
of
re-settling
themselves
in
his
Dominions
;
wherefore
he
made
his
Application
to
us
,
desiring
our
Assistance
against
his
Enemies
.
'T
is
true
,
the
War
was
not
then
declared
betwixt
France
and
Holland
,
but
considering
that
this
crafty
Nation
had
all
along
thwarted
our
Designs
in
the
Indies
,
we
resolved
to
embrace
the
party
of
the
King
of
Samorin
.
For
which
reason
the
Sieurs
de
Flacour
and
de
Coche
,
were
sent
thither
from
Tilcery
,
with
full
power
to
conclude
an
Alliance
with
that
King
.
They
were
received
with
all
imaginable
Demonstrations
of
Joy
and
respect
,
French
East-India
Company
,
a
tract
of
Ground
in
his
Kingdom
,
called
Aticote
,
with
all
its
dependencies
,
and
the
Sovereignty
it self
,
for
the
more
convenient
settlement
of
our
Company
.
This
place
is
not
far
distant
from
Cochin
,
near
a
River
capable
of
bearing
Vessels
of
a
moderate
Bulk
.
The
Dutch
having
got
scent
of
the
Treaty
concluded
betwixt
us
and
the
Indians
,
Attack'd
the
place
more
furiously
than
before
,
and
the
Prince
putting
all
his
hopes
in
the
French
relief
;
the
more
to
encourage
them
to
hasten
to
his
assistance
,
promised
to
put
the
Castle
into
their
Hands
as
soon
as
relieved
,
which
he
caused
to
be
Published
near
the
Enemy's
Camp
.
But
these
were
so
far
from
being
frightned
at
it
,
that
they
push'd
on
their
Attacks
so
vigorously
,
that
the
Sieur
de
Flacour
who
was
constituted
Governour
of
the
Fort
,
after
a
brave
Defence
found
means
to
get
out
of
the
place
;
and
the
Nahers
discouraged
by
his
departure
,
soon
delivered
it
to
the
Hollanders
,
who
caused
it
to
be
Demolished
.
The
King
of
Samorin
finding
himself
incapable
to
sustain
alone
the
Burthen
of
the
War
,
de
Flacour
returned
to
Tilcery
,
having
in
vain
endeavoured
to
serve
a
Prince
who
had
given
him
many
Demonstrations
of
his
good
will
,
and
favourable
inclinations
to
our
Nation
.
But
as
the
King
had
been
forced
by
an
unavoidable
necessity
to
clap
up
this
Peace
with
the
Hollanders
,
so
all
his
thoughts
were
bent
upon
revenging
himself
against
them
,
as
soon
as
the
French
succours
promised
by
their
East-India
Company
,
should
Arrive
in
those
parts
.
For
which
reason
,
he
desir'd
the
Sieur
de
Flacour
to
leave
the
Sieur
de
Coche
with
him
,
who
accordingly
staid
at
his
Court
in
expectation
of
the
succours
promised
by
the
East-India
Company
.
CHAP.
XLI
.
New
Troubles
arisen
at
Tilcery
.
IN
the
mean
time
our
Enemies
,
who
by
the
presence
and
threats
of
Prince
Onitri
,
had
for
some
time
been
kept
in
awe
,
being
afresh
encouraged
by
his
absence
,
began
to
be
very
troublesome
to
us
.
The
worst
of
all
was
that
we
did
not
only
stand
in
fear
of
the
Neighbouring
Nahers
,
and
other
Pagans
,
but
the
Corsairs
of
Bargara
and
Cognaly
,
also
threatned
to
come
and
Plunder
us
,
and
if
they
found
any
resistance
,
to
cut
us
to
pieces
.
For
which
reason
we
were
forced
to
entertain
a
good
number
of
Nahers
,
and
to
put
our selves
in
a
posture
of
Defence
,
as
much
as
possibly
we
could
,
with
a
resolution
,
rather
to
sacrifice
our
Lives
,
than
to
submit
to
an
intolerable
Slavery
among
these
Barbarians
.
Some
time
after
the
departure
of
the
Sieur
de
Flacour
for
Samorin
,
there
appearing
a
Vessel
to
the
South
of
our
Shoar
,
with
a
White
Flag
,
we
also
set
up
ours
,
and
an
Ensign
of
theirs
being
sent
on
Shoar
,
satisfied
us
,
that
it
was
the
St.
Francis
,
a
Ship
belonging
to
our
Company
,
Commanded
by
Captain
Vimont
,
having
on
Board
the
Sieur
Pilavene
,
a
Merchant
of
Paris
,
who
was
sent
into
the
Indies
in
Quality
of
a
Director
.
This
Vessel
was
Bound
for
Suratte
,
and
after
its
departure
out
of
France
,
having
met
with
no
Disaster
till
after
she
had
doubled
the
Cape
of
Good-Hope
,
was
Attack'd
by
so
furious
a
Tempest
,
that
she
lost
her
Masts
and
some
of
her
Ships
Crew
,
and
became
very
Leaky
,
which
obliged
the
Chief
Officers
there
to
make
a
Vow
,
that
if
they
happened
to
escape
so
imminent
a
danger
,
they
would
go
to
pay
their
Devotions
before
the
Corps
of
St.
Francis
Xavier
,
at
the
place
where
it
is
deposited
at
Goa
.
After
the
Hurricane
was
abated
,
they
refreshed
themselves
at
Batavia
,
the
Capital
City
of
the
Isle
of
Java
,
belonging
to
the
Hollanders
,
the
biggest
of
all
they
are
Masters
of
in
the
Indies
.
Having
provided
themselves
there
with
what
necessaries
they
wanted
,
they
were
steering
their
course
towards
Goa
,
to
discharge
their
Vow
,
and
from
thence
to
continue
their
Voyage
to
Suratte
.
This
Ship
did
not
continue
above
four
and
twenty
Hours
in
our
Road
,
in
which
time
we
took
care
to
send
them
on
Board
all
manner
of
refreshments
;
and
the
French
Officers
on
board
her
,
having
understood
,
how
we
were
kept
in
continual
fear
by
the
Indians
,
presented
us
with
some
Cymetars
,
Musquets
and
Gun-powder
,
besides
a
quantity
of
Brandy
.
The
sight
of
this
Vessel
,
and
the
Arms
which
they
sent
us
wrought
no
small
effect
for
our
safety
,
which
we
improved
to
our
best
advantage
,
by
giving
it
out
among
them
,
that
we
expected
daily
more
ships
with
Arms
,
Men
and
Ammunition
from
France
,
which
struck
such
a
terror
into
our
Enemies
,
that
they
proved
less
troublesome
afterwards
.
The
Sieur
Deshayes
Embarked
in
the
Ship
called
the
St.
Francis
,
having
for
some
time
before
desired
to
be
dismissed
,
the
Air
of
Malabar
not
being
very
agreeable
to
his
Constitution
.
After
the
Sieur
de
Flacour's
return
from
the
King
of
Samorin's
Court
,
we
gave
Notice
to
the
Dutch
,
residing
at
Cananor
,
of
the
donation
made
to
us
by
that
Prince
,
which
they
regarded
as
little
as
did
those
inhabiting
Cochin
.
CHAP.
XLII
.
The
Arrival
of
several
Vessels
.
A
Little
after
,
the
Ship
called
the
City
of
Bourdeaux
,
which
came
from
Suratte
,
and
was
bound
for
Mascate
,
One
Mr.
Petit
was
Commander
of
the
Vessel
,
he
staid
but
a
little
while
in
our
Road
,
and
sailed
directly
to
Mangalor
,
to
load
some
Rice
there
.
Before
his
departure
,
he
assured
us
,
That
the
Sieur
de
Caron
,
Director
General
of
the
French
East
India
Company
in
the
Indies
,
being
at
his
departure
ready
to
sail
for
Bantam
,
would
certainly
in
a
little
time
pass
by
our
way
;
upon
which
,
having
prepared
every
thing
for
his
Reception
,
we
placed
constantly
some
Sentinels
to
observe
whether
any
Ships
appeared
towards
the
North
;
but
having
for
some
time
used
our
endeavours
in
vain
,
we
began
to
imagine
that
we
had
been
mis-informed
,
when
one
morning
there
came
in
sight
of
us
the
Ship
called
the
St.
Paul
,
which
was
soon
after
followed
by
the
Vulture
,
and
the
St.
Francis
,
in
the
last
of
which
was
the
Sieur
de
Caron
,
who
was
going
to
settle
a
French
Factory
at
Bantam
,
not
far
from
Batavia
,
and
having
taken
an
exact
account
of
the
true
State
of
Affairs
at
Tilcery
,
he
pursued
his
Voyage
to
Bantam
.
Prince
Onitri
having
before
received
intelligence
of
his
arrival
,
came
to
pay
him
a
visit
,
but
he
came
a
little
two
late
,
the
Sieur
de
Caron
who
was
unwilling
to
let
slip
the
opportunity
of
improving
the
advantage
of
a
fair
Gale
,
being
already
under
sa●●
at
his
Arrival
.
The
Sieur
de
Caron
however
had
sent
his
excuses
to
the
Prince
with
some
presents
,
who
sent
a
Messenger
after
him
in
a
Chaloup
,
who
repaid
the
Complement
and
regaled
him
with
some
refreshments
.
We
had
for
a
considerable
time
before
laid
a
design
to
settle
a
French
Factory
at
Sirinpatan
,
called
by
the
Malabars
,
Padenote
,
which
being
communicated
to
the
Sieur
de
Caron
,
before
his
Departure
from
Tilcery
,
he
ordered
immediately
the
Sieur
de
Flacour
to
take
a
Journey
thither
.
He
chose
me
for
his
Companion
,
and
notwithstanding
the
rainy
Season
which
continues
for
six
Months
together
on
the
Coast
of
Malabar
,
resolved
to
undertake
the
Journey
without
any
further
delay
.
I
did
all
I
could
to
represent
to
him
the
inconveniency
of
travelling
at
this
Season
,
when
the
Roads
by
the
overflowing
of
the
Rivers
were
perhaps
rendred
unpassable
,
desiring
him
to
delay
his
Journey
for
some
little
time
,
but
he
persisted
in
his
former
Resolution
,
telling
me
,
That
having
but
five
and
twenty
Leagues
to
travel
,
we
should
in
all
probability
find
the
Roads
not
so
difficult
to
pass
,
as
I
imagined
.
CHAP.
XLIII
.
Our
departure
from
Tilcery
.
ACcordingly
we
set
out
from
Tilcery
,
about
the
middle
of
June
,
being
conducted
by
some
Guides
,
and
guarded
by
several
Nahers
.
Our
whole
Equipage
consisted
in
no
more
than
a
Shirt
and
a
pair
of
Drawers
;
on
our
Feet
we
wore
a
kind
of
Sandals
,
and
to
keep
off
the
Rain
,
we
were
each
of
us
provided
with
an
Umbrello
,
made
out
of
the
leaves
of
Palm-trees
.
The
first
days
Journey
proved
extreamly
troublesome
,
being
obliged
to
march
all
day
long
through
the
Waters
that
had
over
flown
the
Roads
,
which
in
some
places
came
to
our
middle
,
so
that
we
were
not
able
to
travel
above
two
Leagues
the
whole
day
;
at
Night
we
took
up
our
Lodgings
which
were
sorry
enough
,
in
a
small
Market-Town
,
where
we
dryed
our
Cloths
without
much
difficulty
,
they
being
all
of
Callicoe
.
Thus
after
a
miserable
Nights
Lodging
,
we
continued
our
Journey
the
next
Morning
,
when
we
were
refreshed
with
a
small
interval
of
fair
Weather
,
which
however
lasted
but
a
few
hours
.
As
we
were
marching
through
the
Waters
,
we
were
extreamly
pestered
with
Horse
Leaches
,
which
fastned
themselves
in
great
numbers
to
our
Legs
,
and
fatigued
us
to
that
degree
,
that
being
quite
spent
by
Noon
,
we
were
forced
to
take
up
our
Quarters
at
the
Habitations
of
some
Mahometans
.
In
the
afternoon
the
Sieur
de
Flacour
paid
a
visite
to
the
Naher
,
who
though
a
Subject
of
the
King
of
Cananor
,
was
Lord
of
the
place
,
and
without
whose
consent
we
could
not
pass
,
which
we
easily
obtained
by
the
means
of
a
present
.
The
next
day
we
found
the
Road
some-what
better
than
we
had
done
hitherto
,
but
another
misfortune
abated
much
of
our
satisfaction
;
for
after
we
had
travelled
near
four
hours
,
we
found
our selves
,
being
misled
by
the
ignorance
of
our
Guides
,
near
the
same
place
from
whence
we
set
out
in
the
Morning
.
An
unseasonable
anger
would
have
stood
us
but
in
little
stead
with
those
,
who
had
us
at
their
Mercy
,
and
in
whom
we
were
obliged
to
confide
as
our
Conductors
,
so
that
patience
was
the
best
remedy
we
could
prescribe
our selves
,
and
thus
we
continued
our
Journey
in
hopes
of
better
luck
.
But
we
found
our selves
soon
deceived
in
our
expectation
,
for
we
had
not
travelled
far
,
when
the
Rains
began
to
be
more
violent
than
ever
,
besides
that
we
travelled
all
over
stony
Grounds
full
of
deep
and
large
Ditches
,
which
we
were
forced
to
pass
over
small
Planks
or
pieces
of
Trees
laid
a
cross
.
Armed
with
Patience
,
and
an
unshaken
Resolution
to
overcome
all
Obstacles
,
we
at
last
came
to
a
Market-Town
,
inhabited
by
Mahometans
,
situated
near
a
River
which
runs
by
Cognaly
.
We
were
kindly
received
by
the
Inhabitants
,
and
the
great
Rains
and
pass'd
fatigues
,
obliged
us
to
rest
there
for
one
day
.
But
,
what
we
had
suffered
hitherto
,
was
all
it
seems
nothing
in
comparison
of
what
we
were
likely
to
undergoe
for
the
future
;
the
Dangers
and
Fatigues
which
were
represented
to
us
by
these
Mahometans
,
made
so
lively
an
impression
upon
me
,
that
I
earnestly
requested
the
Sieur
de
Flacour
not
to
go
further
,
and
though
every
one
there
present
was
of
my
Opinion
,
and
gave
himself
fresh
assurances
of
the
dangers
and
troubles
he
must
undergo
,
he
stood
firm
in
his
resolution
,
to
prosecute
his
Journey
,
in
order
to
dispatch
his
business
before
the
return
of
the
Sieur
de
Caron
.
As
for
my
part
,
I
being
not
under
any
further
obligation
,
than
to
bear
the
Sieur
de
Flacour
Company
,
I
thought
it
rashness
to
expose
my
life
to
danger
without
any
prospect
of
doing
good
;
so
that
I
resolved
to
quit
the
Sieur
de
Flacour
,
and
to
take
the
conveniency
of
a
small
River
,
which
discharges
it self
not
far
from
hence
into
the
Sea
.
According
to
this
resolution
,
I
hired
a
Canoe
or
Boat
,
refusing
to
accept
of
the
Fire-arms
that
were
offered
me
,
because
I
did
not
imagine
I
should
have
any
occasion
for
them
,
being
in
hopes
to
reach
and
lodge
that
Night
at
Bargara
,
in
the
House
of
Couleas
Marcal
,
a
rich
Mahometan
Merchant
,
and
famous
Pirate
in
those
parts
,
with
whom
I
had
some
Business
.
I
passed
without
any
hindrance
,
(
having
only
the
Master
and
his
Boy
in
my
Company
)
by
Cotta
or
Cognaly
,
a
Market-Town
,
from
whence
the
most
famous
Pirate
in
those
Seas
,
whose
Lordship
it
is
,
derives
his
Name
;
and
thus
being
gently
conveyed
by
the
current
,
I
thought
my self
out
of
all
danger
,
as
being
near
Bargara
,
when
some
Pirates
who
had
discovered
me
from
far
of
,
were
making
towards
me
with
their
Boat
.
As
I
was
not
ignorant
,
that
all
what
these
Barbarians
lay
hold
on
upon
the
Water
,
they
look
upon
as
their
own
;
we
made
the
best
of
our
way
to
the
shoar
,
but
scarce
had
we
reach'd
the
Bank
,
when
we
perceived
the
Pirates
at
the
heels
of
us
,
which
so
terrified
both
the
Master
of
the
Boat
,
and
his
Boy
,
who
carried
my
Portmantle
,
that
they
look'd
for
their
safety
in
the
switness
of
their
heels
,
leaving
me
to
the
mercy
of
those
Robbers
,
who
pursued
me
closely
,
till
they
overtook
me
.
I
now
began
to
repent
my self
of
having
refused
the
fire-locks
that
were
offered
me
,
one
of
which
would
have
been
a
sufficient
defence
against
a
couple
of
cowardly
Rovers
,
who
had
no
other
Arms
,
de
Flacour
,
and
whether
in
his
return
he
was
to
pass
that
way
through
his
Lordship
;
I
told
him
,
that
I
was
not
able
to
give
him
an
account
,
upon
which
he
ordered
the
Irons
to
be
brought
in
,
which
were
laid
close
by
me
,
so
that
I
expected
every
moment
to
be
loaden
with
Irons
.
But
as
good
fortune
would
have
it
,
this
Chieftain
had
heard
something
of
the
late
alliance
concluded
betwixt
us
and
the
King
of
Samorin
,
whose
Subject
he
was
,
which
consideration
together
with
the
utmost
severity
,
used
against
such
as
commit
Robberies
on
Land
,
or
in
a
River
,
had
so
good
an
effect
upon
him
,
that
he
ordered
the
Irons
to
be
taken
away
,
and
when
I
expected
it
least
,
turned
the
civilest
man
in
the
World
,
offering
me
his
House
and
every
thing
else
for
my
conveniency
.
But
as
I
was
eager
to
see
my self
at
Liberty
,
After
I
had
taken
my
leave
of
the
Pirate
,
I
entred
the
Vessel
which
was
to
carry
me
to
Bargara
,
where
I
was
no
sooner
arrived
,
but
I
met
with
the
same
Canoe
,
which
had
left
me
before
in
the
lurch
,
the
Master
pretending
that
he
had
stay'd
for
me
there
in
hopes
of
my
coming
.
But
what
rejoyced
me
most
was
,
That
a
certain
Fisherman
told
me
,
that
there
was
very
lately
a
Frenchman
arrived
in
this
Market-Town
.
You
may
imagine
,
that
I
made
all
the
hast
I
could
to
find
him
out
,
and
meeting
with
my
old
Friend
the
Sieur
de
la
Serine
the
Elder
,
who
was
lately
returned
from
Calicut
,
this
happy
meeting
was
no
small
comfort
to
me
,
for
what
I
had
suffered
during
this
troublesome
Journey
,
of
which
and
the
last
adventure
,
I
gave
him
an
exact
relation
.
He
having
already
settled
matters
with
the
Corsair
who
is
Lord
of
Bargara
,
we
travelled
the
next
day
together
to
Tilcery
,
which
being
not
above
three
Leagues
from
thence
,
we
arrived
there
before
Noon
.
There
was
scarce
any
body
but
was
surprized
at
my
sudden
return
,
but
at
the
same
time
,
approved
of
my
Resolution
,
of
not
exposing
my self
to
the
hazards
of
so
dangerous
a
Journey
,
without
an
absolute
necessity
.
The
End
of
the
first
Part.