A physical dictionary in which all the terms relating either to anatomy, chirurgery, pharmacy, or chymistry are very accurately explain'd / by Stephen Blancard ...

THE Physical Dictionary OF STEPHEN BLANCARD .

A Baptista , see Modiolus . Abdomen , which Juvenal calls sumen & equaliculus , is the lowermost Belly , containing the Liver , Spleen , Reins , Stomach , Intestines , Bladder , &c. The innermost part of it is begirt with a Membrane called the Peritonaeum , the foremost part is divided into the Epigastrum , the right and left Hypochondres and the Navel , and the lowermost Region or part is called Hypogastrium . Ablactatio is when a Child of one or two years of Age is weaned . Abortus is the bearing of a Faetus before the Female have gone out its full time , which happens either through the abundance of nutritious juice , or defect or depravation of it ; as likewise it may come by a fall , a blow , a sudden fright , diuritics , &c. Abscessus , see Apostema . Abstemius is he who abstains from whatsoever meats and drinks his Physician has forbid him the use of . Abstergentia are those things which consisting of rugged , hard , and sharp particles , do as it were shave and scour off all filth from the superficies , and the pores and passages of bodies , where they are frequently put into various fermentations from the spirits , and other elements Iodged in those parts . Acamatos signifies the best constitution and figuration of humane body , as also one that takes no pains , and a person that is not tired with it . Acantabolus is a Chyrurgeons Tool called Volsella , which is to take out Thorns , or any such prickly substance that shall chance to stick in the oesophagu ; or Gullet . Acautha is the most backward protuberance of the Vertebres , called spina dorsi , as also the Thorn of Trees or Plants . Accessio , see Paroxismus . Accidens , see Symptoma . Acetabulum is that cavity in the Huckle-bone which is appointed to receive the head of the thigh-bone within it : Also certain glandules in the Chorion are called Acetabula , concerning which see Cotyledones . Achlys is a certain dark distemper of the eye ; it is reckoned amongst the species of Amblyopia , or dimness of sight . Achor is a sort of a crusted Scab which makes an itching and stink on the surface of the head , and is occasioned by a serous , salt and sharp matter ; the difference betwixt an Achor and Favus consists in this , that in Achors the holes or Cavities are small , and sometimes not visible ; but in a Favus they are more large and conspicuous . Achroi are men that have lost their colour , such as are melancholly persons , men of an ill habit of body , and they who are troubled with the Jaun : dies . Acia Celsi , the same that Fibula Chyrurgorum . Acida dyspepsia , see dyspepsia . Acidulae , see Balanaeum . Acinesia is the immobility of the body , or of any part thereof , as in a Palsie , Apoplexy , swounding , &c. Acini , are small grains ; whether they grow by themselves , as Elder-Berries ; or shut up in a husk , as Grape-stones ; nay , sometimes they are taken for the Grapes themselves . Acmastica the same with Synochus . Acme is the height of a disease : Many distempers have four Periods , the first is called 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 or the beginning , when the matter is but yet raw , as it were , and unripe ; the second is 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 the growth or increase , when the morbifick matter becomes a little digested and ripened ; the third is 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , when 't is fully and compleatly so ; the fourth is 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , or the declension of a distemper when its rage is abated , and the Patient is judged beyond danger , for none die in the declension of a disease : This diversity of periods arises from the bloods imbibing of crude juices , which have their times of crudity , maturation , or ripening , defection , and volatility ; and thus the case may be said to stand in Fevers and other distempers . Acopum is a medicine which applied by fomentation , allays the sence of weariness , contracted by a too violent motion of the body , compounded of warming and mollifying ingredients . Acosmia is an ill state of health , joined with the loss of colour in the face . Acoustica are medicines which help the hearing . Acrasia is the excess or predominancy of one quality above another in mixture . Acrisia is when a distemper is in so uncertain and fluctuating a condition , that the Physitian can hardly pass a right Judgment upon it . Acr●●●olum is a species of warts . Acromium is the upper process , or increase of the shoulder-blade , or the top of the shoulder where the neck-bones are joined with the shoulder-blades . Acromphalum is the middle of the Navel . Acros is the height and vigor of diseases , as also it signifies the prominency of bones , the tops of fingers , and of plants . Acrotes is the vigor , top , and extremity of any thing , as sulphureous and saline particles exalted ad 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 that is , brought to the most exalted vigour their nature is capable of . Actio is an Operation or Function , which men perform either by the body alone , or by both body and mind ; and it is either animal , which depends upon the brain ; or natural , which is owing to the Cerebellum . Acutus morbus , an acute disease , is that which is over in a little time , but not without imminent danger ; and it is either very acute , or most acute ; the later is meant when the distemper is over in three or four days ; but the former is that which continues till the seventh day ; or else a disease is called simply acute , when it lasts fourteen , or it may be twenty days ; or lastly acute ex decidentia , which lasts forty days at most . Aden is a glandule , which is either conglobated as the glandules of the Mesentery of the Groin , and the Pinealis , whose office is to dispense the separated humor to the veins , or conglomerated , like a Cluster , as the salival glandules , the Pancreas , or Sweet-bread , &c. which convey their juice by their own proper channels into some notable cavities of the body ; they are made up several little bladders , and fibres , or little hollow conduits disposed in a confused manner : Aden sometimes also signifies the same with bubo . Adephagia is the greediness of children , who ever now and then fall to fresh feeding before their former victuals are digested . Adeps , or Pinguedo , fat is a similar part , made of earthy and sulphereous blood , white , soft , insensible , apt to preserve natural heat , and nourish the body in time of need : The eye-lids , the lips , the yard , the Scrotum , or outward skin of the cods , the membranes of the testicles , the brain , the tendons , the nerves , the bones , &c. are destitute of fat by nature . Adeps and Pinguedo differ in this , that Adeps is a thicker , harder , and more earthly substance than Pinguedo , the fat which is particularly meant by Adeps , flows from the blood through vessels into little bags or bladders appropriate thereunto , as is plain from the observation of Malphighius . Adiapneustia is a different perspiration through the insensible pores of the body . Adnata tunica is the common membrane of the eye , called Conjunctive ; it springs from the skull , grows to the exterior part of the tunica cornea ; and that the visible species may pass there , leaves a round cavitie forward , to which is annexed another tunic , without any particular name made up of the tendons of those muscles which move the eye ; by reason of its whiteness 't is called Albuginia . Aegilops , Angilops , and Anchylops , is a little swelling about the glandule of the eye called Carancula major , for the most part accompanied with an inflamation ; Anchylops , and Aegilops are often used indifferently ; yet some for distinction's sake say , that Anchylops is a swelling betwixt the greater corner of the eye , and the nose , not yet open ; but that aegylops is a swelling betwixt the nose and angle of the eye , which if it be not seasonably opened , the bone underneath grows putrified ; Aegilops is often taken for the Fistula lachrymalis ; it signifies likewise a sort of grass that is destructive of Barley . Aeipathia is a passion of long continuance . Aeromeli is Manna , or aerial honey ; for in Calabria and other places the air is impregnated with several delicious particles which in the night time cleave to trees , leaves , or any other thing they meet with ; and in the day time , are farther concocted and condensated by the heat of the Sun . Aetas is part of the duration of life , wherein from the continual action and fermentation of the blood and spirits , the temperature of humane bodies undergo a considerable and sensible change ; and it is sixfold , Pueritia , childhood , which is reckoned to the fifth year of our age , is distinguished into the time before , at , and after breeding of teeth . 2. Adolescentia , Youth , reckoned to the eighteenth , and youth properly so called to the twenty fifth year . 3. Juventus , reckoned from the twenty fifth to the thirty fifth . 4. Virilis Aetas , manhood , from the thirty fifth to the fiftieth . 5. Senectus , old age , from fifty to sixty . 6. Decrepita Aetas , decrepit age follows , which at last is all swallowed up in death . Aetiologia is the cause or reason which is given of natural and preternatural contingencies in humane bodies ; whence Aetilogica is part of Physick , which explains the causes of diseases and health . Aetiologica , see Aetiologia . Affectio Hypochondriaca ; see Hypochondriacus affectus . Affectus , the same with Pathema . Agerazia is a growing old . Agonia is fear and sadness of mind . Agonia is barrenness , or impotence of the Womb , whereby the mans seed corrupts . Agrippa is one who is born with his feet foremost . Agrypnia signifies watching , or a dreaming slumber which proceeds from a too great agitation , or attension of the animal spirits in the pores of the brain , whence it happens that the pores are not permitted to close and wet . Agripnocoma , the same that Coma Vigil . Agyrta is a Mountebank , one who vends his Empyrical Receits to the Rabble that surrounds him . Aisthesis , or Sence , is either external , as seeing , hearing , smelling , tast , and touch ; or internal , as the common sensory , ( as 't is usually called ) the Fancy , the estimative faculty , and the memory ; but two of them will serve the turn , the fancy and the memory ; Aisthesis or sence , is a reception whereby motion from external objects being impressed upon the slender strings or fibres of the nerves , is communicated to the common sensory , or to the beginning of the medulla oblongata in the brain , by the mediation or continued motion of the animal spirits in the same nerves . Aisteterium is the common sensory : which Cartesius and others his Abettors make the glandula pinealis ; but the common sensory ought rather to be placed where the Nerves of the external senses are terminated , which is not in the glandula pinealis , but ( as the most ingenious Willis has demonstrated ) about the beginning of the medulla oblongata ( or top of the spinal marrow ) in the Corpus striatum . Alae , signifie the sides of the Nose ; the little sins , as it were , of the nymphae , or the lips of a Womans private parts ; the upper part of the ear , the Arm-pits , and the process of the bone , Sphenoides . Alantoides , see Allantoides . Albara●nigra , see lepra Graecorum . Albaras alba , see Leuce . Albuginea oculi , is a white tunic of the Eye , which proceeds from the pericranium , grows to the tunica cornea , and leaves a hole forward for the opening of the Apple of the Eye : see tunica adnata . Albuginea testis , is the membrane which immediately involves the testicles . Albugo oculi , is the same with album oculi , the white of the Eye ; it signifies also a white speck in the tunica cornea , which proceeds either from humours , or a scar , or ulceration . Album oculi , is that part of the Eye , where the tunica adnata , and the albuginea grows to the tunica sclerotes . Albumen oculi , or albugo , the same with album oculi . Alcali , is all such Salt as is extracted from the ashes of any substance by a boiled lixivium , or Lie , proper for any thing liquid as well as solid . 'T is said to borrow its name from the herb Kali , with whose Salt the Egyptians , as well as we , make glass . Alchymia , is the same with Chymia . Alcohol , is the purer substance of any thing separated from the impurer ; it signifies also most subtil and refined dust ; and sometimes a most highly rectified Spirit , in so much that if it be set on fire , it shall burn all away without any dregs or phlegm at the bottom . Alcol , the same with Alcohol . Alcool , the same that Alcohol . Alembicus , or Alembicum , is a Chymical Instrument used in Stilling . It has the shape of an helmet , concave within , and convex without ; and towards the bottom is placed a beek or nose , about a cubit long , by which the vapours descend ; if they be made without a nose , they are rather used in circulatory vessels ; they are made of Brass , Pewter , or Glass . Alexipharmacum , is a medicine which expels poyson , so that it shall not be hurtful to the Body ; they are most commonly such things as attenuate the Blood , that it cannot be coagulated with Poyson in the Air , as Acids . Alexiterium , is a remedy which preserves the Body , that it take not Poyson . Algema , Pain , is a sad troublesome Sensation , impress'd upon the Brain from a smart Vexatious irritation of the Nerves ; it arises from either a sensible or insensible solution of the Continuum . Algematodes , the same with Algema . Alhasef , the same with Hydroa . Alkahest , signifies an universal Menstruum or liquor , which resolves Bodies into their first matter , still preserving the virtues of their seeds and essential form : a thing of great fame , if of equal virtue , which every one estimates according to his success in the Operation . Some take it for prepared Mercury , others for Tartar . Aliformes processus , are the prominencies of the Os Cuneiforme , from the fore part . Alimentum , is a Body so convenient for , and adapt to the nature of an animal , that it may be digested by its heat and fermentation , and assimilated into its own nature ; and it is either Meat or Drink . Upon the account of its different degrees , it is taken three ways by Hippocrates ; one is for future nourishment , which passes from the Mouth into the Ventricle or stomach : another is for that which is as it were nourishment , and that is the arterious Blood and animal Spirits . The third is true or proper nourishment , that which fastens to the parts , and at last is assimilated into their nature . Alindesis , is an exercitation of the Body , wherein people first anointed with Oil , were wont afterwards to rowl themselves in the dust . Alipasma , is a small dust , which mixt with Oil is used to be soaked into the Body to hinder sweating . Alitura , is the action of a live Body , whereby the perpetual waste of Blood , Spirits , and substance , is as continually repaired by the accession of new nutritious juice , rightly prepared and fermentated , and then stuck upon the parts that are to be nourished . Allantoides , is the urinary tunic , placed betwixt the Amnion and the Chorion , which by the Navel and Urachus , ( or passage by which the Urine is conveyed from the Infant in the Womb ) , receives the urine that comes out of the Bladder . 'T is called likewise Farciminalis , because that in many brutes 't is of the shape of a gut-pudding ; but in man and some other few animals , it is round , and like the thin soft skin which wrappeth the Child in the Womb. Allioticum , is a Medicine which by Fermentation and cleansing alters and purifies the Blood ; boiled up for the most part of the root of Sow-thistle , Cichory , Fennel , Endive , Lettice , &c. Allogotrophia , is a disproportionate nutrition , when one part of the Body is nourished disproportionately to another . Alopecia is a shedding of the Hair , occasioned by the Pox , or otherwise . So called from a Fox , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , whose Urine is said to make places bald and barren for a year , as the Scholiast of Callimachus observes ; or from a disease peculiar to a Fox . It is called likewise , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 from the figure , because that the parts smooth and destitute of Hair , look winding like a Serpent , in Greek 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 . It s common to both these Distempers that the hair falls , of Areatem , by shedding , whence in general this Disease is called Area . Alphus is described by Celsus , to be a Distemper wherein the white colour of the skin is somewhat rough , but not continued , like so many several drops : Sometimes it disperses it self wider , and with some intermissions . Alphus is likewise called morphaea ; it differs from Leuce , in that it penetrates not so deep . Alterantia , the same with Alliotica . Alteratio is a depuration , or a preparation and expurgation of the Blood by breathing a Vein , or purging . Alvearium is the cavity of the inward Ear , near the passage which conveys the sound , where that yellow and bitter excrementitious stuff is bred . Alvi fluxus , the same with Diarrhaea . Amalgamatio is the corrosion of metal by Mercury . Amaurosis is a dimness of sight , whether the object be placed near or at a distance ; but so , that no external fault appear in the Eye , if you inspect it never so narrowly ; the defect consists in the obstruction of the optick nerve ; it is called also gutta serena . Ambe is a superficial jutting out of the Bones : also a Chyrurgeons Instrument with which disjointed Bones are set again . Amblotica are Medicines which make abortive , as are all diureticks . Amblyopia is dulness of sight , which is-fourfold ; Myopia , Presbytia , Nyctalopia , and Amaurosis , of which in their proper place . Ambonae , the same with ambe . Ambrosia is a solid Medicine , but prepared as grateful and pleasant as can be ; it seems to take its name from the meat of the gods , because the gods eat Ambrosia , and drink Nectar . Ambustio is a solution of the Continuum , caused by some external burning matter which offends the inward thin skin always , oftentimes the outward thick skin , and sometimes also the muscles , veins , arteries , nerves and tendons . Amethodicum is that which is done without any methodical rational prescription , as your Empyricks , or Quacks do . Amma , or Bracherium , is a sort of a girdle , useful to those who are troubled with a Rupture in the Belly , wherewith the privy parts are closely connected with the Abdomen , the Ribs , and the Loins , lest the intestines should fall out . It seems to have took its name of Bracherium , from the girdles which are made for the Reins and Loins , which Isidorus calls the Amber Monkish Bracelet ; it is called Brachile or Brachiale , tho it be not any girdle belonging to the Arms , but the Reins . Cassianus calls it rebrachiatorum , whence without doubt the Bracherium of the Chyrugeons had its rise ; that girdle or swathe which they use in Ruptures of the Belly . Amnion is the membrane with which the faetus in the Womb is most immediately clad , which with the rest of the secundinae , the chorion and alantois , is ejected after the birth ; it is whiter and thinner than the chorion . It contains not only the faetus , but the nutritious humour , whence the faetus by the Mouth and Throat sucks its nourishment . It is outwardly clothed with the urinary membrane , and the chorion , which sometimes stick so close to one another , that they can scarce be separated . Amolyntum is a Medicine which will not defile the hands that touch it . Amphemerinus is a Quotidian distemper . Amphiblestroides , or the tunica retina of the Eye , is a soft , white , and slimy substance , which is so named , because that being thrown in the water , it resembles a net . It shoots from the very center of the optick nerve ; and expanding it self over the vitreous humour , is extended as far as the ligament of the Eye-lids ; this tunic , in that it is whitish and of a marrowy substance , seems to proceed from the very marrowy and fibrous substance of the optick nerve ; so that it is as it were an expansion of nervous fibres , which are there gathered into one bundle , into a contexture made like a net ; and indeed if the whole eye were taken for a flower which grows to the brain by the stalk , as I may call it , of the opticknerve , the tunica retina would be the very flower it self , and the two former by only in the nature of a stem ; They receive the sensible species within the bed of the eye much after the same manner as a whited wall in a darkned chamber receives and represents the visible species which are intromitted through a little hole . Amphibranchia are places about those glandules in the jaws which moisten the Aspera Arteria , Stomach , &c. Amphidaeum is the top of the mouth of the Womb , like the lips of a cupping-glass . Amphismela is an anatomical instrument , useful in the dissection of bodies . Amulatum is the same with Periamma . Amygdalae , the same with Antias and Paristhmia . Amigdalatum is an artificial milk , or an emulsion made of almonds , and other things . Ana is an equal portion of different ingredients in the same receit . Anabasis is the increase of diseases . Anabatica , see Synochus . Anabrochismus is when any thing superfluous and corrupted is taken up by the letting down of a band fit for that purpose ; it is likewise a way of drawing out the inverted prickling hairs of the eye-lids , by the help of a thread of fine silk in the eye of a needle ; which when you have doubled , you put the hair through , and draw it out . Anabrosis is a consuming or wast of any part of the body by sharp humours . Anacatharsis is a medicine that discharges nature by some of the upper parts ; as any thing that provokes to vomit , to sneezing , to salivation , &c. Anacollema , is a sort of ointment , or dry medicine , either applied to the forehead and nostrils to stop bleeding ; it signifies likewise a medicine that will breed flesh , and conglutinate the parts . Anadiplosis is a frequent reduplication of Fevers . Anadosis is whatsoever tends upward in the body , as the distribution of Chyle , or a Vomit . Anaisthesia in defect of sensation , as in paralytick and blasted persons . Analeptica are medicines which cherish and renew the strength ; it signifies also a part of Hygieina , or art of preserving health , whereby weak persons are recovered . Analgesia signisies indolency , or absence of pain and grief . Analogia , see Analogismus . Analogismus is a comparison and perception of causes that help by likeness . Analysis is the reduction of a body into its first principles ; also it is an Anatomical demonstration of the parts of mans body , which is performed by insisting upon the parts severally . Anamnestica are medicines which restore the memory , as all spirituous things do . Anaplerosis is part of Chyrurgery , whereby that which either Nature has denied , or has by chance decayed , is restored by art . Anarrhopus is the same with Anodosis . Anasarcha is a white , soft , yielding tumor of the whole outward body , or of some of its parts , which dints in by compressing the flesh ; it is caused by the blood upon a double account ; first , when it does not rightly sanguisie , or assimilate the Chyle ; and again , when it is not rightly accended in the Lungs . The blood thus perverted , pours forth the Serum at the extremities of the Arteries in greater quantity than it can receive and reduce by the Veins and Lympheducts , or expel by the Veins and Pores , and other passages that send it forth . If the humours be too viscous , it is called Leucophlegmatia . Anastoichiasis is a Chymical resolution of bodies . Anastomasis is an effluxion of the Blood , the Lympha or Chyle , at the meeting of Vessels that close not narrowly . It is also taken for the mutual opening of Veins and Arteries into one another , as some long ago dream't , though they were awake ; for this were to offer violence to the Laws of Circulation : yet it is not impossible neither , since Veins open into Veins , and Arteries into Arteries ; as is plain in the Spermatick Vessels ; the Plexus Choroides , rete mirabile , &c. Anastomotica are Medicines which open the Pores and Passages , as Purgatives , Sudoriferous things , and Diuretics . Anatasis is the extention of the Body towards the upper parts . Anatica portio , See ana. Anatomia is a neat Dissection of an Animal , especially Man , whereby the Parts are severally discovered and explained , for the use of Physick and Natural Philosophy . Anatomicus is a Physitian that is skilful in Dissections . Anatripsis is a bruising or Comminution of the Stone , or a Bone . Anchoralis processus , See Ancyroides . Anchyle is a contraction of a Joynt , or the back part of the Knee . Anchylops , the same that Aegilops . Ancon , or the top of the Elbow , is strictly taken for the backward and greater shooting forth of that Bone of the Cubit which is called Ulna . Anconaeus , See in Ancon . Ancyle is the contraction of the Ham. See Anchyle . Ancyloblepharum is the growing of the Eye-lid to the tunica cornea , or to the Albuginea , or when as it sometimes happens , both the Eye lids grow together : this concretion sometimes happens before the delivery of a Child , and then 't is the fault of the Birth . Ancyloglessum is when the little string under the Tongue is too straitly tied , which causes difficulty of utterance . Ancyroides is the shooting forth of the Shoulder-bone like a beek , which is called Coracoides , Anchoralis , and Cornicularis . Androgynus , or an Hermaphrodite , is one who hath both Man and Womans Members : also one who has had his Members cut out ; also Effeminate . Aneurisma is a dilatation or bursting of the Arteries , always beating , and swelling sometimes to the bigness of an Egg , which yields , if you compress it , but recoils presently . Angina is an Inflamation of the Jaws or Throat , attended with a continual Fever , and a difficulty of respiration and swallowing : and it is two-fold ; either Supria or Exquisita , a bastard or a true Squincie : the later is again four-fold , Synanche , Parasynanche , Cynanche , and Parachynanche : of all which in their proper place . Anhelatio , See Asthma . Ani procidentia , See Procidentia ani . Animal is facultas , the Animal Faculty , is an Action whereby a man exercises Sense , Motion , and the principle functions of the Mind , which are three , Imagination , Ratiocination , and Memory . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 purgare , to discharge upwards , as in a Vomit , &c. opposite whereunto is 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 purgare , to do it downwards . Anodynum is a Medicine that allays Pain . Anoea . is Madness , or an extinction of the Imagination and Judgment . Anomeomeres is the same with Heterogeneus ; or that which consists of several and different Particles . Anorexia is a loathing of Meat , arising from an ill disposition of the Stomach . Antagonista is the opposite Situation of Muscles , as may be seen betwixt the Adductor and Abductor , that which contracts and expands the Arm. Antarthriticam is a Medicine against the Gout . Antasthmatica are Medicines proper for Asthmatic people . Antecedens causa , See Proegumena . Antecedentia signa , Antecedent Signs are such as are observed before a Disease , as an ill disposition of the Pancreatic Juice , or the Bile , is an Antecedent cause to infinite Diseases . Antemetica are such things as hinder Vomiting too much . Antendaxis is a Countre-indication , or a contradictory indication , which forbids that to be used which the former indication suggested as proper : as for instance , abundance of ill juice in blood requires Evacuation ; but then again the weakness of the Patient may forbid it . Antepileptica are Medicines against the Falling-sickness . Anthelix is the Protuberance of the Ear , or the inward brink of the outward Ear. Antherum is any thing that 's florid in our Bodies . Anthera are also the tops in the middle of Flowers , which lean upon little hairy threads . Anthracosis oculi is a scalie corrosive Ulcer of the Eye , attended with a Defluxion and fear of the whole Body , especially about the Eyes . The Cause is now and then an Inflamation of the Eye from a Malignant Fever . Anthrax , Carbo , Pruna , or Carbunculus , is defined to be a Tumor that arises in several places , surrounded with hot fiery and most sharp Pimples , accompanied with acute Pain , but without ever being suppurated ; and when it spreads it self farther , it burns the Flesh , throws off lobes of it when it is rotten , and leaves an Ulcer behind it , as if it had been burnt in with an Iron . Anthypnotica are Medicines which hinder Sleep . Anthysterica are Medicines good against the Fits of the Mother . Antias , in the Plural Antiades , Tonsillae , Glandules of the Neck , which Chyrurgeons commonly call Almonds , which they do not too much resemble neither . They are two Glandules , which in reality make but up one Body , placed at the sides of the Epiglottis , or cover of the Wind-pipe ; its substance is similar , and made like separate Grains , just like Honey or Oyl , hardned with cold ; but that they stick closer together , as if they were joyned by a Membrane ; 't is of somewhat a yellowish Colour , and soft ; it had on each side one common large oval hollow passage which opens into the Mouth within the skirt , whereof it contains two somewhat big , and several less Cavities . It s use is to collect the snotty viscous Matter , and to moisten the adjacent parts therewith . It signifies also , the Inflamations of these parts . See Paristhmia . Antiballomena are Medicines of a like strength , which are now and then used in the defect of one another : Apothecaries call them quid pro quo . Anticardium is a cavity in the Breast above the region or place of the Heart . Anticnemium is the former part of the Leg. Antidotum is a Medicine against deadly Poyson . Antinephritica are Medicines which Cure the Distempers of the Reins . Antipathia is a Contrariety and Repugnancy in the Body , or in Medicines : also a loathing and abhorrence of any thing without a manifest cause . Antiperistasis is the surrounding of the Air , as in Hay that is cocked and made up into Ricks too moist . Hippocrates the first great Author of Physick , says in his Aphorisms , That Bodies are hotter in Winter , and colder in Summer . I interpret it thus , That this does not come onely from the Antiperistasis of the Air , but from the Nitre with which the Air in Winter-time is impregnated ; especially , when the North-Wind blows ; so that when we come to breathe , the Sulphureous Blood is more fermentated and inflamed in the Lungs . Antipharmacum is a Remedy against Poyson ; or a Remedy against any other Disease . Antipleuriticum signifies any Remedy against a Ple●risie . Antipyreuticum , or antipureticum , is a Medicine that temperates and allays too much heat in Fevers , as any acides do . Antiqui morbi , old Diseases , are such as from the fourth day continue often many Years , and therefore they are called also inveterate . Antipasis is a revulsion of a Disease ; that is , when Humours which flow into some one part , are turned into another by the opening of a Vein in a remote part . Antispasmodicum is a Medicine that hinders contractions . Antispasticum is a Medicine that diverts Distempers to other parts . Antitasis is an opposite placing of parts in the Body , as the Liver , and the Spleen . Antrum buccinosum , the same with Cochlea . Anus is the extremity of the intestinum rectum ; it consists of Three Muscles , two called levatores , which distend and open it in time of necessity ; and one called Sphincter , which shuts it , and keeps it so . It is also a cavity in the Brain , which arises from the contact of four Truncs of the Spinal Marrow ; also the Skin which goes over the Navel , which when wrinkled , are a sign of old Age. Aorta , or the great Arterie , is a Vessel which proceeds from the left Ventricle of the Heart , consisting of four Tunics , a Nerveous , Glandulous , Muscular , and Membrancous , or Internal one ; it beats continually , and distributes Blood into the whole Body for nourishment . The branches which creep from the Heart to the Brain , are called Carotites : those which run laterally towards the Arms , are called Humerar is : as the Trunc of it discends , the Branches extend themselves towards the Bowels : and going further on to the Thighs and Feet , it ends . Apagma is the thrusting of a Bone or other part out of its proper place . Apanthismus is the Obliteration of a part in the Body , so that it can be no more found ; as it often happens to a little Arterious Pipe about the Heart . Apathia is an utter want of Passions . Apepsia is when the Stomach has no Concoction . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 are Crude Wheals or Knobs in the Body , not yet ripe . Aperientia , opening things , are those which consisting of sharp , small Particles , penetrate the Body profoundly , and by attenuating and expelling the more crass and gross , open the Pores and Passages of the Body and its Vessels . Aperistatos is a hollow Ulcer . Aphoeresis is a part of Chyrurgery so called ; which teaches to take away superfluities . Aphonia is want of Voice . Aphorismus is a short determinative sentence . Aphrodisius morbus , the same with Lues Venerea . Aphthae are Wheals or Pimples about the Internal parts of the Mouth ; as also about the Ventricle and Guts , which when they come to be ripe , fall off by piece-meal , and are often accompanied with a Fever in those of riper Years . In new-born Children , I believe it arises from some Impurities which the Mass of Blood contracts in the Mothers Womb ; for the Blood for want of Eventilation there , being more impure , presently after the birth of the Faetus begins to flourish and refine . Celsus's Aphthae are otherwise described ; but , says He , There are extream dangerous Ulcers in Children , which the Greeks call 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 for they often kill them . There is not the same danger in Men and Women . These Ulcers begin in the Gums , then by little and little spread over the Palate and the whole Mouth ; and then at last descend to the Epiglottis , or cover of the Wind pipe , and the upper part of the Throat , which being once Infected , the Child hardly recovers . Apnaea is a suppression of Respiration , either wholly , or at least to Sense . Apochylisma , called Succago , Robub , and Rob , is the boiling and thickning of any juice with Sugar and Honey , into a kind of a hard consistence . Apocope is the cutting off of a part . Apocrusticum is any thing that helps by vertue of binding and repelling . Apodacryticum is a Medicine that provokes Tears . Apolepsis is the interception of Blood and Animal Spirits . Apomeli , is Oxymel , or a Decoction of Honey and Vinegar . Aponeurosis is the end , tail , or string of Muscles ; it is called also a Tendon . Chyrurgeons take it falsly for a Nerve . Apoflegmatica , See Apophlegmatismus . Apoflegmatismus , Commansum , some Physicians call it in Barbarous Language Masticatorium ; it is a Medicine which being kept in the Mouth , and often also chewed , draws forth Pituitous Humors , which are excited at the Mouth , made of the Root of bastard Pellitory , Salt , Holly , Mastich , Wax , &c. when it is used in this solid Form , it is called Masticatorium : it is used also in a Liquid Form , and is of the Nature of a Gargarism , made up of Cephalics , and attenuating Ingredients , boiled and prepared . Apophthora is an Abortion , or the Birth of a Faetus before its due time . Apophysis , Probole , Echphysis , Processus , Productio , Projectura , & Protuberantia , is a part of a Bone that is not contiguous , as an Epiphysis is , but continuous with the Bone , and stretching it self beyond a plain surface . Apoplecta is the Jugular Vein , which the Ancients falsly called , the Soporalis , or Sleepy Vein . Apoplexia , Attonitus stupor , Sideratio , and Morbus attonitus , is a profound Sleep , wherein the Patient being vehemently shaken , tossed , and pricked , yet perceives nothing , nor affords any sign of Action ; accompanied with a difficulty of Respiration for the most part , and sometimes with none at all : it arises frequently from viscous Blood , which obstructs the least Pores of the Brain : or from Blood Extravasated about the Basis of the Brain , which oppresses and straitens the Carotidal Arteries , or the Brain . Aporrhoae are Vapours , and Sulphureous Effluviums which exhale through the pores of the body , and other breathing holes . Apositia is a loathing of Meat . Apospasma is when the unity of Organical compounded parts is dissolved , and those things which were of different natures , yet naturally compacted together , are disjoyned by the Rupture of those Ligaments , and little Fibrous Threads or Filments which held them together : as when the Skin is separated from a Membrane , a Membrane from a Muscle , one Muscle from another ; and in short , any one part from another , which naturally adhered to it . Apostasis , see Apostema . Apostema , which Pliny calls Apostasis , Hippocrates Metastasis , and Celsus , Abscessus ; is an Exulceration left after a Crisis : but Apostasis , and Metastasis sometimes differ in this , That the former is meant of an Acurate Crisis , the later of the translation of a Disease from one part to another . Aposurma is a shaving away of the Skin , or Bone . Apotherapia is a Cure , or Remedy : also an Exercitation , which both Purges the Excrements , and secures from Weariness . Apothermus , the same with Apochilysma . Apozema , the Apothecaries call it a Decoction , is a Decoction of Roots , Woods , Barks , Herbs , Flowers , Fruits , Seeds , &c. which is boiled down commonly to Twelve , Fifteen , or Twenty Ounces . It is either Purging , Loosning , Altering , or Drying , Cephalic ( for the Head ) Stomachic , Diuretic , Splenetic , or Hepatic , ( good for the Liver . ) Appetitus alimentarius , or Hunger , is a certain Constitution of the Phansie , arising from the Motion of a Nerve of the par vagum , and the Intercostal , which for want of Nourishment , is moved inordinately in the Stomach ; whereby we are impell'd for Animal Spirits , to those Motions of our Members which are most conducive to the procuring of Nourishment . It is occasioned in as much as the Animal Spirits being any way excited about the middle of the Brain , shoot thence towards the body of the Nerves : or it may be thus defin'd , appetitus alimentarius is an incitement to seek Nourishment , proceeding from an acid Humor which arises from a ferment in the Stomach , with which the Nerves being vellicated , they communicate the sense of want of Nourishment to the Brain ; which want , the Brain naturally judges ought to be supplied . Apsychia is a Deliquium of the Mind . Aptystus is want of Spittle , so that a Man cannot spit . Apyrexia is an intermission , or cooling of Fevers : the cause of it is , that all the Morbific Matter is spent in one Fit , and it intermits till new come , and begin to swell and ferment as the other . Aqua distillata , distilled Water , is such as is drawn out by Distilling , consisting of Watery and Spirituous Parts , but more of Watery . Aqua inter cutim , Water betwixt the Skin ; the same with Anasarca . Aqualiculus , or the lowest part of the Belly ; the same with Hypogastrium . Aquaeus humor , the Watery Humor , see Humores Oculi . Arachnoides is the Cristalyne tunic of the Eye ; so called from its likeness to a Spiders Web. Araeotica , see Rarefacientia . Aranea tunica , or Cristalyna , is that which surrounds the Cristalyne humour , by reason of its light thin contexture , like the workmanship of a Spider , it has the name of Aranea . Arcanum Theophrasto is the Quintessence of a thing most highly exalted , or , as He says , it is the vertue of a thing Refined by a thousand Exaltations . He boasts of four Arcana especially ; 1. The Arcanum of the First Matter . 2. Of the Philosophers Stone . 3. Of the Mercury of Life . 4. Of Tincture . Others call it an Extract specially so called . Arche is the beginning of a Disease . Archeus is the highest , and exalted , and invisible Spirit , which is separated from Bodies , is Exalted and Ascends , an hidden Vertue of Nature common to all things ; an Artist , a Physitian . Also Archiatios , or the Chief Physitian of Nature , which distributes to every thing , and to every Member its peculiar Archeus occultly by the Air. Also Archeus the first in Nature , is a most occult quality , which produces all things from Iliastes , being onely immediately sustained by the Divine Vertue it self . Arcuatus Morbus , see Icterus . Ardentes febres , burning Fevers , are those which are accompanied with a great Heat and Thirst , by reason of a too high Exaltation of the Sulphur ; as in that called causus , and lipiria . Ardor is a very intense acute Heat raised in our Bodies by a too high Exaltation of Sulphur or Spirits . Ardor ventriculi , that which we call Heart-burning , is a particular sort of Pain in the Stomach which at the same time molests the whole Gullet ; some call it a Fervent Heat of the Stomach ; some an Ebullition , and a boiling bubling heat of the Stomach ; when a certain fiery Pain is felt in the Ventricle , and the Throat , as if it burnt ; it happens often to people that are in good Health enough , and that either Feeding or Fasting ; especially when they belch , as if there were a fiery sort of Blast closely pent up , and which could not break out . Yet it happens sometimes in Fevers too . It is caused by a certain effervescence of little , very sharp bileous particles , with Sulphureous , whence is perceived that Ebullition , or bubling heat of the Stomach . Area ; Celsus reckons two sorts of Areas . This is common to both of them , that the uppermost little Skin being decayed , the hairs are first lessen'd , and then fall off : and if the place be beat , it sends forth a liquid matter of an ill savor ; both of them spread in some swiftly , in others slowly ; that is the worst that makes the Skin thick , fattish , and perfectly bald : That which is called 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 dilates it self in any shape , it happens both in the Head , and in the Beard ; the former is called , 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 from its resembling a Serpent , it begins at the hinder part of the Head , exceeds not the breadth of two fingers , spreads it self towards the Ears in two branches , in some to the Fore-head , till they both joyn in the fore part of the Head : the one Distemper is incident to any Age ; the other common to Infants . The former is scarce ever cured , the later often ends of his own accord . Arena , Gravel , is a thing bred in the body of a great deal of Salt and Earth , which often grows up into a Stone . Argemon is a little Ulcer of the Eye in that circle of it which is called Iris , comprehending part of the white and black . Arilli , the same with acini . Aroma is any Odoriferous Spice , as Cloves , Cinnamon , Galangal , &c. Arquatus , the same with Icterus . Arteria trachea , or Aspera , the Wind-pipe , is a Cartilaginous Vessel implanted in the Lungs , and consisting of various rings and parts : the forepart of it is full of ligaments , and depressed for the better passing of the Gullet ; its upper part is called Larynx , and the lower Bronchius : its use is for the Voice and taking in breath . Arteria aorta , or magna , the great Arterie , is a Vessel that beats continually , fastned to the left Ventricle of the Heart : it consists of four tunics , and receives the Blood in the Lungs , which is sent from the Heart , and Elaborated by the Nitre in the Air , and diffuses it through the whole Body for its Nourishment . Arteria caeliaca , see caeliaca arteria . Arteriaca , see Arteria . Arteriotomia is an Artificial opening of an Arterie , for the Letting of Blood in an inveterate Head-ach , Madness , Falling-sickness , Pain and Inflamation in the Eyes and Ears . The Section is made in the Fore-head , Temples , or behind the Ears : the manner of it is thus , After the ligatures made in the Arms or Neck , the Arterie is cut just as a Vein is , and when the blood is Emitted , you apply a very Astringent Plaister , with a Leaden Plate , to the Orifice , and then swathe it well ; the Cure is performed in Seven or Nine days time . Arthritica , see in Arthritis , Arthritis , or Morbus articularis , the Gout , exercises its Tyranny about two or three , or more Joynts ; and it is defined to be a pain about the Joynts , proceeding from an effervescence of the Nervous Acid Juice , with the fixed Saline Particles of the Blood , whence the Nerves , Tendons , Ligaments , the thin Membranes about the Bones , are contracted , and miserably Tormented ; whence proceeds Swellings , Redness , hard sandy concretions in several parts of the Body , and other symptoms that accompany it . It is fourfold , Chiragia , the Gout in the Hands ; Ischias , in or about that Bone which is connected to the Os Ilium : Gonagra , in the Knees ; and Podagra , in the Feet , almost an incurable Distemper . Arthritis vaga , a Wandering Gout , is a Disease in the Joynts that creates pain sometimes in one Limb , sometimes in another . It proceeds from a double cause . We may suppose in this Disease a great many heaps , as it were , of fixed Salt thrust out from the Mass of the Blood , to be placed like so many Nests here and there about the Limbs and Joynts , which being treasured up in several distinct Cells , or Repositories , like the Spawn of Fish , or the Seed of Women ; the lower recrements of the Nervous Juice comes afterwards , like the Man's Seed , and Impregnates them ; and hence from the mutual Effervescence of these two , the Membranes and Nervous Fibers being vellicated and contracted cause an extraordinary quick and acute Pain . It is called vaga , wandring , because 't is not constant to one and the same place , as the true Gout is . Arthrodia is the joyning of Bones , when the cavity that receives the Bone is in the Surface , and the little head or top of the Bone that is received , is depressed : as in the lower Jaw-bone , with the Bone of the Temples . Arthon is a Joynt , or Connexion of Bones , proper for the performing of Motion . Articuli are sometimes the Knuckles of the Fingers . Anthropologia is the Doctrine of Man : which Batholine distinguishes into two parts : Anatomie , which Treats of the Bodie and its Parts ; and Psucologie , which Treats of the Soul . Arthrosis , the same that Articulatio . Articularis morbus , see Arthritis . Articulatio is a Conjunction of Limbs for the performing of Motion : and it is twofold , Diarthrosis , or a more loose Articulation : and Synarthrosis , or a closer . Articulus , see Arthron . Artomeli is Broth made of honey and bread . Artus are Members growing to Cavities in the body , and distinguished by Joynts . Arytaenoides are two Cartilages , which with others make up the top of the Larynx ; it is taken also for certain Muscles of the Larynx . Arythmus is a Pulse lost to sense . Ass , or Assis , is the least piece of Money that 's Currant , and in Weight a Pound . Asaphia is a lowness of Voice , which proceeds from a loose or ill constitution or contemporation of the Organs . Ascaris , or Ascarides , are little worms which breed in the Intestinum rectum , and then tickle and trouble it . They are bred of some Excrements which stay longer than they ought , and there putrefie . Ascites is a Dropsie or swelling of the Abdomen , and consequently of the Scrotum , Thighs , and Feet ; proceeding from a Serous , and sometimes Lymphatic or Chylous Matter , like the washing of flesh , collected in the cavity of those parts . Asef , the same with Hydrea . Asema is a Crisis beyond hope , happening without any previous indication by signs . Asitia is a loathing of Meat . Asodes , see Assodes , Aspera Arteria , or Trachea , is an Oblong Pipe , consisting of various Cartilages and Membranes , which begin at the Throat , or lower part of the Jaws , lies upon the Gullet , descends into the Lungs , and is dispersed by manifold Ramifications or Branches through their whole substance : the upper part is called Larynx , and the lower Bronchus , to which Malpighius adds a third , or lowest , called by him Vesicular : It is subservient to Speech and Respiration . Asphyxia is a pulse that is sensibly decayed . Assodes signifies a continual Fever , wherein the outward parts are moderately warm , but with a great heat within , an insatiable drought , perpetual tossing , watching , and raving . Asthma is a frequent respiration , joyned with an hissing , a sound , and a cough , especially in the Night-time . The causes thereof are a sharp and scorbutic blood , which too much vellicates the Organs of respiration , and puts them into a meer convulsive motion , whereby the Lungs are puft up , and the Circulation of the Blood is hindred ; whence suffocations , swounds , and coughs easily proceed . Astragalus is the first and most principal Bone , which together with other little bones in the Foot , make up that little part of the Foot which immediately succeedeth the Leg in Beasts , called the Pastern . Astringentia , binding things , are those which with the thickness and figure of their Particles , force and bind together the parts of the body . Astrologia is a reasoning about the Vertues of the Stars ; not so necessary to Physicians , as the Ancients imagined . Astronomia is a naming of the Stars , or a knowledge of the laws and rules of Stars and Constellations ; or a knowledge concerning , or about the Stars . Ataxia is a confounding of Critical Days . Atecnia , the same with Agonia . Atheroma is a tumor contained within its own coat , arising from a pappy humour , without pain , not easily yielding to the Fingers , nor leaving any dint after 't is compressed . Athymia is a Defection or Anxiety of Mind . Atlas is the first Vertebre under the Head ; so called , because it seems to hold up the Head ; it wants Marrow . At●mus is a Body so small , that it is not capable o● being divided into lesser parts , as are the Elementary Particles of Spirit , Salt , Sulphur , Water , and Earth . Atonia is a faintness , infirmity , defect of strength . Atra Bilis is a sulphureous , and saline , earthy , adust and black blood , which is bred in the body , and gathered in the Spleen ; for there it is volatilized , and exalted into a ferment fit to mix with the blood . Atretus is one whose Fundament or privy parts are not perforated . Atrophia , or Tabes , is when the whole body , or any one part of it is not nourished , but gradually withers and decays away . Tabes is often taken only for an Ulcer in the Lungs , whereby the whole body by little and little perishes and decays . Atta , says Festus , is one who by reason of the tenderness of , or other defects in his Feet , touches the ground , rather than treads it . Attenuantia , or incidentia , are those things which opening the Pores with their acute Particles , cut the thick and viscous humours in the body . Attonitus morbus , the same with an apoplexy ; Celsus takes it for Blasting . Attrahentia , drawing things , are those which opening the Pores with their little Particles , and dilating the humours , and expelling them , where their resistance is weaker , not onely swell the parts , and make them red ; but by driving more vapours and humours out of the Skin and Flesh than can make their way through a thick inner Skin , gather them under it , and swell it into little bladders . Auctio is Nutrition , whereby more is restored than was lost . Auditus , Hearing , is a Sense wherein sounds from the various trembling Motion of the circum ambient Air , beating the Drum of the Ear , are communicated to the common sensory by the auditory Ne●ve , and are there felt and perceived . Augme●tum Febricum , or incrementum , is a computation from what time the heat of a continual Fever has seised upon the whole Mass of Blood , till it hath arrived at the height . Aureus is a sort of Weight amongst the Arabians , of a Dram , and a Seventh part ; the same with Denarius . Auricula infima , the same with Lobus auris . Auricula cordis , Ear of the Heart ; there are two of them , the right and the left ; the right receives the blood from the vena cava , or great Vein , which is carried into the right Ventricle , and then enters the Lungs : the left is that which receives the blood rightly prepared and fermented by the Nitrous Air from the Lungs , that it may be discharged by the left Ventricle into the great Arterie , and thence be distributed into every part of the body . Aurigo , the same with Icterus . Auris , the Ear , is the Organ of hearing , which is either External , whose upper part is called Pinna , or Ala ; and the under Lobus , the Lobe , or Auricula infima , the lowest part of the Ear : its External circumference is called Helix ; the Internal , Anthelix , or internal ; in which you may consider the Drum , the four little Bones , with the little Muscles , the Concha , or Hollowness , the Foramen Ovale , the Oval hole , the Labyrinth . Automatos is that which moves of its own accord , as the Motion of the Heart , the digestions and fermentations of the bowels . Autopyros is bread made of whole Grains , without any bran taken from it , or added to it . This sort of bread is preferr'd before any other , because the Bran is cleansing . Auxilium , or remedium , is whatsoever is good against a Disease by a contrary vertue ; and it is three-fold , Diet , Medicine , and Chyrurgery . Axilla is the Arm-pit , hairy in adult people . Axioma is a proposition built upon the Authority of Hippocrates , or Galen ; but of little validity , now that Physick is built upon Reason and Experience . Axis is the third Vertebre from the Scull . Axungia is the fat or tallow of an Hog . Azoth sometimes signifies the Mercury of any Metallic body , sometimes an Universal Remedy , as 't is thought , made of Mercury , and prepared with Gold and Silver ; a few years ago , it was famous amongst the Vulgar , and Persons of Quality too ; of different colour , according to the diversity of the preparation , which was often too troublesome , whence it begun to decrease both in price and repute . Azygos is a famous Vein about the Heart , called sine pari , or jugo , which reaches to the Vertebres , and proceeds from the Vena Cava , the great hallow Vein . Azymus is unleavened , unwholesome Bread .

B. BAcilli , are called those Medicines which are of a long , round Figure , like a stick or Pillar . Balanaeum , or Balneum , is properly a washing of the whole Body ; yet it is sometimes taken for a washing of the lower parts only , which they commonly call Nisessus , and semicupia ; and it is either dry , or moist ; the dry are prepared of Ashes , common Salt , Sand , filed Steel , &c. the moist are either vaporous or watery . The former are made of the boiling of Roots , Herbs , Flowers , Seeds , &c. the Vapour whereof is all that 's taken . The watery , are either artificial , which are made of Physical Decoctions ; or Natural , which are called Thermae Bathes , whose Waters are either Aluminous , Ironish , Copperish , Nitrous , Sulphureous , Bituminous , Vitriolie , &c. all which Waters are called Acidulae . Balanus , or glans , is the Nut of the Yard , covered with the Fore-skin ; also the Clitoris of a Woman . Also all Fruits and Roots that have round Heads , as a Walnut ; also an Acorn , an earth-Chesnut : also a Suppository . Balneum , the same with Balaneum . Balsamus , or balsamum ; the Word Balsame is used very differently in the Shops . 1. It signifies a certain sort of Persume , of somewhat a thick Consistence , like an Ointment ; and this is its most usual signification ; as for instance , Balsame of Roses , Apoplectic , and the like . 2. There are a sort of Liquors distilled from Gum , and resinous Substances , with spirit of Wine , which are anointed outwardly , and these are called Balsams too ; as Nervous Balsame , Sciatic , &c. 3. It signifies a Liquor that is anointed into the Body , thicker than Oyl , and more Liquid than an Ointment . 4. Salt things funded and melted , are called Balsame , as the Balsame of Salt of Jewels . 5. There are a sort of particular preparations called Balsams , as the balsam of Sulphur , &c. 6. and Lastly , some Gums of Trees are called Balsams . Bamma is a Tincture , or a Liquor , wherein any thing is tinged or moistned , as bread sopt in broth . Barycoja is heaviness of hearing . Basilareos , see basis . Basilica is the inner Vein of the Arm , called Hepatica , the Liver vein . Basilicum is a rich precious Medicine , that excels all others . Basioglossum is a pair of Muscles that depress the Tongue . Basis is the upper part of the Heart , which is opposite to the point ; it is also the ground or foundation of the bone Hyoides , for the use of the Tongue : also the principal Ingredient in a prescription . Bathmis is a Cavity in the bone of the Arm or Shoulder , on each side one ; whereinto , when the whole hand is stretched forth and bended , the process of the undermost and lesser of the two long bones of the Cubit , enters . Batrachus is a Tumor under the Tongue , which makes one croak like a Toad , when they speak . Bechica are Medicines good against a Cough . Belenoides is the process or shooting forth of a bone , called Aliformis , made like a wing , which is fixed in the Basis of the Scull . Benignus morbus , a favourable disease , is that which has no dreadful Symptoms , but such as are consonant to its nature . Bicongius is a measure which contains Twelve Sextaries , one of which is just our Pint and an half . Bilis , the gall , is a Sulphureous Saline Excrement of the blood , separated in the Liver by means of little Glandules , and is sent either into the little bag that contains the Gall , or into the Gut called Dundenum , by the Ductus Hepaticus , that it may farther promote the fermentation of the victuals , and carry off the Dregs that are left behind when the Chyle is separated from the whole Mass . The Gall consists of Sulphur , Adust Salt , and a little Serum ; it is naturally yellow : preternaturally it is of the Colour of the yolk of an Egg , green like a Leek , rustie , and sky-coloured ; all which variety of colours proceed onely from different degrees of Heat and Fermentation . Sylvius maintained , That the Bile ascended to the Heart by the ductus hepaticus ; but this Opinion , as it is neither consonant to Experience , nor Reason , so nor to Truth neither ; this excrement is not called Bile , but when it is separated from the Blood ; and therefore the Opinion of the Ancients concerning this Bilious Humour , is quite out of doors , since that Circulation of the Blood was found out . See Humores Sanguinei . Biolychnion is Natural Heat , which is communicated to the Faetus from the Parents ; but when it is brought forth , the heat gradually decays , after that the Blood and Spirits of the Child are altered , fermented , and accended by nourishment and nitrous Air. They do but babble who tell us , that this Heat lasts for many years ; for if it be Heat , it is in continual Motion , and is therefore dispelled as other Fires and Heats are . Blaesitas is a stammering in speech , which proceeds from the ill make or temperature of the Tongue . Blaesus is one that has an Impediment in his Speech . Also a Bandy-legg'd Person : or one whose Back bone is bended , either forward or backward ; also a Paralitic Person . Blenna is a thick Snot which distills through the little holes of the Palat , and the Nostrils , and proceeds from the Ventricles of the Brain , by the Processes , called Maniformes , like Teats . Bocium , the same with Bronchocele . Bolus is a Medicine taken inwardly , of a consistence something thicker than Honey , and in quantity for one Dose , as much as may be conveniently taken at a mouthful . Bovina fames , the same with Bulimus . Bothor signifies Pimples in the Face , which don't spread , but are easily suppurated , and vanish . It is besides a general Appellation for Pimples in the Face , Lungs , or other parts . The Arabians also call the small Pox and the Measels Bothor . Bracherium , the same with Amma . Brachiale , the same with Carpus . Brachiaeus , see Lacertus . Brachium , or Lacertus , is a Member that consists of the Arm properly so called , the cubit , and the hand . Brachylogia , of the same signification with Brachylogus . Brachylogus is one who gives his positive Opinion in few words . Brachylogia is a curt expression : as for instance , the Aphorisms of Hippocrates . Bradypepsta is slow digestion , proceeding from a depraved disposition of the Acid ferment in the Stomach . Branchus is a hoarsness in the Throat . Bregma , or Pregma , is the bone of the Forehead . Brochi are blubber lip'd persons : also a sort of Chyrurgeons cord , or halter . Bronchocele is a Tumor in the top , or the middle fistulous part of the Wind-pipe . Bronchotomia , is a Section of the Wind-pipe , in a membranous part betwixt two of the Rings ; it is used to prevent suffocation in people troubled with a Quinsie . Bronchus is the middle Fistulous part of the Wind-pipe , whose fore-part is made up of so many little Rings ; the upper part is called Larynx , and the under Vesicularis ; it is used in the voice , and in respiration . Bubo is the Groin , or place from the bending of the Thigh to the Privy-parts : also a Tumor in the Groins , proceeding from the Pox , or Pestilence . Bubonocele is a Rupture ; when the Intestines fall into the Groin , or the outermost skin of the Cods : sometimes it is taken for a Bubo or Swelling . Bucca is the inferior lax part of the Face , that may be swoln or puft up , as appears in Trumpeters . Buccinator is the round Muscle of the Cheeks , like a Circle , thin and membranous , interwoven with various Fibers , and inseparably girt about with the Tunic of the Mouth . Casserius has observed , a certain strong band that grows outwardly in the Center of this Muscle , which spreading it self about the Cheek-bone , is terminated in a little slender Muscle directly opposite to that part of the Face called Bucca : it arises from the upper Jaw-bone , and is fastned in the lower , at the Roots of the Gums . It s use is to move the Cheeks with the Lips ; and serves as a hand to the Teeth , whilest it tosses the Meat to and fro , and throws it upon the Teeth , that it may be more exactly chawed . Buccula is the fleshy part under the Chin. Bulimia , the same with Bulimus . Bulimiasis , the same that Bulimus . Bulimus signifies an extraordinary Appetite , often accompanied with a defection of Spirits : it proceeds sometimes from a too sharp Ferment of the Stomach , whence the Membranous Tunics and Nerves being irritated , the Animal seeks after Nourishment for a remedy .

C. CAcatoria febris is an intermittent Fever , ( so called by the famous Sylvius de le Boe ) accompanied with a violent Purging , which is sometimes griping , and very painful , extreamly afflicting , and weakning the Patient when it comes . Chachecticus is one that has an ill Habit of Body . Cachexia is an ill Habit of Body , proceeding from an ill disposition of the Humours of the Body ; whence lingring Fevers , Consumptions , and Dropsies are contracted : in this Disease the Face is often pale , and discoloured , and the Body big , and swoln : Cachexia taken in a large sense is opposed to 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , and as a good Habit of Body is common to all sound parts , so an ill one is propagated by all the ill parts . Strictly , Cachexia is onely taken from an ill disposition of the Habit of the Body ; and Euexia on the contrary for a good disposition of the Humors , or Blood , and Body . Cacochymia is the abundance of ill Humors in the Blood : and it is either Ulcerous , Bilious , Pituitous , Melancholic , Acid , Salt , or Sharp . Cacoethes , Chironium ulcus , or Telephium , is a Disease or Ulcer beyond Cure , which is called Malignant Ulcer ; this happens when an Ulcer is callous , or sinuous , under which there sometimes lie little putrified bones that have fallen down . Cacophonia is an ill voice , proceeding from an ill constitution of Organs . Cacotrophia is an ill Nutriment , proceeding from a fault in the blood ; as in a Leprosie , Ring-worms , &c. Caducus morbus , see Epilepsia . Casarea sectio , the same with Hystertomotocia . Calamus Scriptorius is a certain Dilatation , about the fourth Ventricle of the brain , which is afterwards pointed , from which shape it has its Name . Calcaneus is the same with Calx . Calchoidea are three little bones in the Foot , which with others make up that part of the Foot which succeeds the Ancle : and Fallopius calls them Cuneiformia , made like Wedges . Calcinatio is the solution of a mix'd body into powder by fire , or any coroding things ; as Mercury , Aquafortis , &c. Caldarium , the same with Laconicum . Calculus the Stone , is an hard praeternatural concretion in a Mans body , which is often bred in the Reins , Testicles , and other parts , from Saline and Earthy Particles concreted together . Calidum innatum , see Emphitum thermum , or Biolychnium . Callicreas , or Pancreas , is a conglomerated Glandule , placed under the hinder part of the Ventricle , about the length of three or four fingers in a Man ; it is clotted with a thin Membrane from the Peritonaeum : it is terminated in Man near the common Ductus , or Passage of the Bile into the Gut duodenum , and distils a volatile insipid sort of a juice : but Sylvius de le Boe , and de Graaf affirm , That they have found an Acid and a somewhat Acid juice there ; nay , sometimes an austere and a sweet one ; thence also they bring the Original of all Diseases : but we must know , that this possibly was observed , when scarce one in twenty which they dissected was found exactly sound . Concerning this question , see my Anat. of things , l. 1. c. 21. It s use is , to temperate the Chyle , which is something Acid , and the bitterness of the Gall with its Volatile Juice , that is may at last enter the Lacteals with a sweet taste . Callus is a kind of swelling without pain , like Skin contracted by too much labour . Calor nativus , see Biolychnium . Calva is the Scull , also the upper hairy part of the Head , which either by Disease , or old Age , grows Bald first . Calvaria , the same with Calva . Calvitium is that Baldness which is naturally incident to old Age. Calx is the second Bone in that part of the Foot which succeeds the Ancle , bigger and stronger than the rest , oblong , and grows backward , that a man may stand more strongly upon it , and not fall so easily backward . Calx also is that which by Calcining , is either turn'd into Alcool , as Calx Saturni , or at least is made friable , as Harts-horn burnt . Camarium , see Fornix . Camarosis is a blow upon the Scull , whereby some part of the Bone is left suspended , like an Arch. Cambium is a secundary humour according to Avicen , which yet is reckoned amongst the Humours , and its use was said to be to nourish the parts : the first was called the nameless humour : the second Glew ; and the fourth , which was very near converted into Nourishment , was called Cambium : but these figments are quite Exploded since we found out the Circulation of the Blood , by the Fibres . Cameratio the same with Camerosis . Capulum is the Contortion of the Eye-lids , or its Hairs . Canales are passages by which the Juices of the Body flow : as those which serve for the Spittle , the Bile ; that in the Liver , Pancreas , &c. Canaliculus Arteriosus , is a Vessel betwixt that Arterious Veins of the Lungs , and the great Artery in Faetus's ; for 't is obliterated in Adult persons : its use in Faetus's , is , that the Blood may be discharged by this Ductus out of the Arterious Vein , into the great Artery , because that the Blood is not accended in their Lungs , for want of Respiration in the Womb. Cancer , see Carcinoma . Canina appetentia , see Cynodes orexis . Canina rabies , the same that Hydrophobia . Canini dentes , the same with Cynodontes . Canities is a hoariness of the Head before the usual time : it is twofold , the one is according to the ordinary course of Nature : the other is ill , and as Aristotle calls it , Diseased . Canna major , the same with tibia . Canna minor , the same that Fibulae os . Canthus , or hircus , is the angle or corner of the Eye ; which is either the greater or the Internal ; or the less or External . Capreolus auris , see Helix . Capsulae artrabilariae , or Renes succenturiati , are Glandulous Bodies placed above the Reins ; their use is to receive the Watery Substance called Lympha , into their Cavities , wherewith the Blood in its return from the Reins being thicker , and much destitute of Serum , may be diluted , and circulate more fluidly . Capsula cordis , see Pericardium . Capsula communis , which Glisson has observed in the Liver , is nothing but a Membrane which proceeds from the Peritonaeum , which includes both the Porus bilarius , and the Vena porta , or great Vein in the Liver . Capsulae seminales are the Extreme Cavities of the Vessels which convey the Seed , dilated like little Coffers , which by two small holes emit the Seed received from the Testicles into the little seminary Bladders , that it may be either preserved there against the time of Coition , or be reduced into the Blood by the Lymphatic Vessels . Caput mortuum is that thick dry matter which remains after the Distillation of Minerals especially : but most commonly it denotes that which remains of Vitriol . Caput purgium , the same with Errhinum . Carbo , see Anthrax . Carbunculus , the same with Anthrax . Carcinodes is a Tumor like a Cancer . Carcinoma , Carcinus or Cancer , is a Tumor that arises from a Salino-sulphureous and sharp Blood ; it is round , hard , livid , painful , at the beginning as big as a Pea , but afterwards 't is surrounded with great swelling Veins , which resemble the Feet of a Crab , though not always . Carcinus , see in Carcinoma . Cardia is the Heart , or Principle Muscle ordained for the Circulating of the Blood . Cardiaca is a Suffocation of the Heart from a Polypus , or Coagulated Blood . Cardiacum is a Medicine which ( as they formerly thought ) corroborates the Heart : but it rather onely puts the Blood into a fine gentle Fermentation , whereby the Spirits formerly decayed , are repaired and invigorated , whereupon the Blood by consequence Circulates more easily and briskly . Cardialgia and Cardiogmos , is a gnawing or contraction of the Nerve called par vagum , and the Intercostal implanted in the Stomach , proceeding from a pungent vellicating Matter in the Ventricle ; so that the heart being straitned and contracted by consent with the Stomach , occasions a swooning away . Cardiogmos , the same that Cardialgia . Caries is the corruption of a bone , from the continual Afflux of vitious humors , or from their Acrimony and Malignity ; or from an occult quality : or from a bruise that some way affects the bone , or from sharp Medicines . Caro , flesh , is a similar Fibrous part , bloody , soft , thick , together with the bones , the prop of the body , and what covers the Spermatic parts ; and it is five-fold , Musculous , Fistulous or Fibrous , as in the Muscles , and the Heart ; Par●nchymous , as the Lungs , Liver , Spleen ; Viscerous , as the Guts ; Glandulous , as the Pancreas , the Glandules of the Breasts , those for Spitting , &c. Spurious , as the Gums , Lips , the Nut of the Yard , &c. Caro also signifies that soft pappy substance of succulent Fruits which we call the Pulp : as the Pulp or Flesh of a Quince , &c. Carotidis arteria , is either External or Internal , the External which arises near the Heart , divides it self into two branches , the outermost whereof is variously distributed to the Jaws , the Face , the top of the Head , and behind the Ears ; but the other , with a sort of Mechanical Preparation for its Reception , passes through the Os cuneiforme ; for Nature has dug a peculiar Channel in both sides of it , wherein this Artery for its greater security is clothed with a new Adventitious and thicker Tunic , and there representing the Figure of an S. it goes double out of its Channel of bone , puts off its borrowed Coat , and tends toward the Brain , with its charge of Blood ; ascending therefore about the Ocular Nerve , it spreads it self towards the sides , than to the foremost part of the Brain betwixt the passage of the Olfactory Nerves : Lastly , it tends backward , and taking leave of the Brain near the Medulla Oblongata , and the Spinal Marrow , waters it with its blood , as far down as the Os Sacrum . They formerly called this the Vertebral or Internal Arterie , because they thought it ascended and joyned with the Carotidal in the Brain ; which yet is otherwise found by Experience , according to the acurate Dr. Willis ; they are called Soporales , or Carotides ; in as much as if they be tied , they immediately incline the person to sleep : but the Ancients mistook when they ascribed Natural Sleep to them . Carpia is a Tent that is put into a Wound or Ulcer , to cleanse it . Carus is a Sleep , wherein the person affected being pulled , pinched , and called , scarce shews any sign of either hearing or feeling ; it is without a Feaver , greater than a Lethargy , and less than an Apoplexy . It proceeds from an obstruction , or compression of the Pores and Passages which go towards the middle of the Brain , and are placed at least in the utmost Extremity of the Corpus Callosum . Carpus , commonly Brachiale , the first part of the Palm of the Hand . Hesichius calls it that part of the Arm which is betwixt the lowermost part of the Cubit , and the Hand , the Wrist : it consists of Eight small bones , with which the Cubit is joyned to the hand . Cartilago is a white part , dryer and harder than a Ligament , and softer than a Bone ; it is said to be Similar and Spermatic , but falsly ; for 't is no more made of Seed , than any other parts ; it renders Articulation more easie , and defends several parts from injuries from abroad . Carunculae Myrtiformes , are the wrinklings of the Orifice of a Woman's Vagina , or Membranous inequalities , not to be reckoned in any certain number , which in Women with Child and after Child birth are so obliterated , that they are altogether imperceptible , there are for the most part four of them . Carunculae oculi , are Glandules placed at each greater corner of the Eye , which separate Moisture for moistning the Eyes , the same with Tears , which afterwards by the Puncta Lachrymalia , placed in the bone of the Nose , are discharged into the Nostrils . Carunculae papillares are Ten little Bodies that are in the Reins : they are properly little bundles which arise from the centring together of a great many small Channels , which the Reins are in a great measure made up of ; and these receive the Serum from the little ductuses , and convey it into the Pelvis . Casus Uvulae , see in Cion . Cataclida is the first Rib , called the Subclavian . Catagma is the breaking of bones , or a separation of the Continuum in the hard parts of the body ; which is effected with some hard Instrument forcibly impressed upon the part ; whose differences are taken from the Form , the Part , and several accidents . Catalepsis , or Catochus is an abolition of all the Animal Functions , wherein the Respiration remains entire , and the Patient preserves the same habit of body that he had before he fell sick : the cause of it seems to consist in the Obstruction or Angustation of the Corpus striatum in those Pores by which Objects are Represented in the brain , so that there 's no perception of any Object ; but the Pores , by which the Animal Spirits are Conveyed from the Brain to the Organs of Sense , are left free and open . Catalotica , the same with Cicatrizantia . Catamenia are Womens Courses , which gathering every Month by the Fermentation of the blood , and being come to a Turgency by the Accession of a Ferment that is in the Womb , discharge themselves at their set-time ; others say , they proceed from Seed bred in the Testicles , and communicated to the blood . Some ascribe the Courses to the motions of the Moon ; but if this were true , then all Women would have them at the same time . They begin at Twelve , Thirteen , or Fourteen Years of age , and stop about Fifty ; but this cannot be exactly determined : they are supprest in breeding-Women , and Nurses ; yet this is not a rule neither . Catapasma is Fragrant Powder , which by reason of its Scent is strewed amongst clothes : also a fragrant Powder , which after anointing is applied to the Stomach or Heart . Cataphora is the same with Coma ; they only differ in this , that Cataphora is taken as the genus to all sorts of Stupors that are not attended with a Fever . Cataplasma is a Topical Medicine of the consistence of a Pultise ; it is usually prescribed two ways , either boiled , or without it ; the former is more frequent , the latter of more efficacy . In the former , they are to take such Vegetables as are proper , as Roots , Herbs , Seeds , Flowers , Fruits , &c. adding proper Meals , or omitting them ; all which are boiled up in a convenient quantity of Liquor , v. g. Water , Beer , Milk , Honey , &c. to the consistence of a Pultise : the latter is prepared commonly of Vegetables shred small with the Infusion of so much Liquor onely as may make it of the former consistence . You may add here Meal , crumbs of Bread , Oyles , Oyntments , as in the former sort of Cataplasms too . Catapotium , commonly Pillula , is a Medicine given inwardly , Purging Pills . Cataptosis is one Symptome of an Epilepsie ; when Men fall suddenly to the Ground . Cataracta , is Two-fold , either beginning , or a suffusion onely , or confirmed , or a Cataract properly so called ; the incipient is but a suffusion of the Eye , when little Clouds , Motes , and Flies seem to flie before the Eyes ; but the confirmed Cataract , is when the Pupil of the Eye is either wholly or in part covered and shut up with a little thin Skin ; so that the Sun-beams have not due admittance to the Eye . Confirmed Cataracts are cured with thrusting a Needle through the Albugineous and the hornie Membrane as far as the Cataract , which is to be depressed with the Needle , and if it start back to be broken , then the Eye is to be tied up with Water of Roses , the white of an Egg , and Alumn , all shaken together . Catarrhopus is when Humours , Vapours , or Wind , go downward . Catasarca , the same with Anasarca . Cataschesis is a good state of Body , opposite to an Hectic . Catastasis is a disposition of Humane Body , or of time . Catatasis is an Extension of the Body towards the lower parts . Catheretica are Medicines that take away superfluities . Catharma , the same that Catharcticum . Catharrbus is a Defluction of Humours from the Head towards the parts under it , as the Nostrils , the Mouth , Lungs , &c. Catharsis , the same with Catharcticum . Catharticum is a purging Medicine , which cleanses the Stomach , the Guts , and whatsoever is vitious and heterogeneous in the Blood , and throws it into the Common-shore of the Guts . See Purgatio & Vomitorium . Cathemerina the same with Quotidiana Febris . Catheter is a Fistulous Instrument which is thrust up the Yard into the Bladder , to provoke Urine when it is suppressed by the Stone ; or into whose cavity an Instrument called Itinerarium is thrust to find out the Stone in the Bladder , that then the Sphincter of the Bladder may be shown , and an Incision be made in the Perinaeum , i. e. betwixt the Fundament and the Privities . Cathetetrismus is the Administration or Operation of Injecting any thing into the Bladder by a Catheter , or a Siringe . Catholicum is a common Medicine that expels all ill Humours ; which is kept in the shops . 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 purgare , to Purge downwards . Catoche , the same with Catalepsis . Catochus , the same with Catalepsis . Catopsis , the same with Myopia . Catoretica the same with Purgantia . Cavitates are the greatest Cavities in the Body , wherein some Principal part is contained , as the Brain in the Head ; in the Chest , the Lungs , Heart , &c. in the Abdomen , the Liver , Spleen , Reins , Stomach , Intestines , Bladder , &c. and they are three , the Head , the Chest , the Belly . Cavitates minores are the Ventricles of the Heart and Brain , of which in their proper place . Cauledon is the breaking of the bones a cross , when the parts of the bones are so separated that they will not lay direct . Causodes , the same with Causus . Caustica , or Escharotica are those things which burn the Skin and Flesh into an hard crust , as burnt Brass , unquenched Lime , sublimated Mercury , and hot Iron , &c. Causus , or a burning Fever , is that which is attended with a greater heat than other continued Fevers , an intolerable thirst , and other Symptoms which argue an extraordinary accension of the blood : and that which formerly discriminates it from other putrid Fevers , is , that the temper of the blood is hotter , i. e. abounds more with combustible Sulphur ; and therefore when it begins to boyl , is accended in a greater measure , and in its deflagration diffuses Particles of most Intense Heat through the whole body ; its Motion is acute , it comes presently to its height , is accompanied with dreadful Symptoms , has a very difficult Crisis , and a dangerous Event ? Cauterium is a Chyrurgeons Instrument , made of Iron , Silver , or Gold , which after 't is healed , has an actual power of burning into any thing ; they differ in Bulk , and in Form ; it is sometimes taken for a potential cauterie , prepared of Lixiviums , or Lime and Sope. Cedmata are defluxions upon the Joynts , especially the Hip. Cele is a tumor in any part . Cellulae intestini coli , the little Cavities of the Gut Colon , are where the Excrements lodge some while , that they may refresh some adjacent parts with their Heat , and digest and ferment any occurring crudities . Cementium is a Powder by whose means Cementatory Calcination is performed : or as others say , it is an acute piercing Mineral Matter , wherewith Metals being strewed are Reverberated to cement , and it is either simple or mixt ; and either in form of a Powder , or a Confection . Cenchrias is a sort of spreading Inflamation which we call Wild-fire , called Herpes Miliaris from the resemblance it bears to the Seed of the small Grain called Millet or Hyrse . Ceneangia is an Evacution of the Vessels , by opening a Vein . 1. It is expedient in a Plethora , to free Nature from too great a load . 2. 'T is expedient to draw back the blood when it rushes too plentifully towards any one part . 3. To divert the blood from one part to another , though it be no way lodg'd there , nor be Extravasated . 4. To Ventilate and Cool the Blood in Burning and in Putrid Fevers . Centrum is the middle of a Body not taken Mathematically , but Physically , and that they say is the Heart ; from which , as from a Center , the blood continually Circulates round the most distant parts of the body . Cephalaea is an obstinate Head-ach . Cephalalgia is an Head-ach that proceeds from Intemperance , or ill Confirmation of the Parts . Cephalartica are Medicines which purge the Head . Cephalica are Spirituous and Volatile Medicines used in the Distempers of the Head . Also the outermost Vein in the Arm is called Cephalica , because it uses to be opened in Diseases of the Head . Cephalopharyngaei signifies the first pair of Muscles of the upper part of the Gullet , which proceed from beside the Head and Neck , and are spread more largely upon the Tunic of the Gullet . Cephalophonia is a pain or heaviness in the Head . Ceraea are the Horns of the Womb in Bruits , wherein Generation is performed . Ceratium , the same with Siliqua . Ceratoglossum is the proper pair of Muscles belonging to the Tongue , proceeding from the horns of the Bone called Hyoides , and joyned to the sides of the Tongue ; their use is to move the Tongue straight downwards towards the inward parts , when they act joyntly : but if either the one or the other be contracted singly , they move it to the right or left side . Ceratodes , the same with Cornea Tunica . Ceratomalagma is a softening Composition , prepared of Wax , and other ingredients . Ceratum is a Medicine applyed outwardly , made of Wax , Oils , and sometimes Dust mixed thicker than an Ointment , and softer than a Plaister . Cerchnos is a certain Asperity of the Larynx , which is felt as it were like so many Juniper-berries , whence , proceeds a little dry Cough . Cercis is the Second Bone of the Cubit , called Radius , because it is like the spoke of a Wheel . Cerea , the same with Achor . Cerebellum is the hinder part of the Brain , consisting , like the Brain it self , of an Ashie or Barkie Substance , and a white Marrowie Substance , wherein the Animal Spirits which perform Involuntary and meer Natural Actions , are Generated . In Man , but not so in Beasts , it seems to consist of a great many thin Plates that lay upon one another . Cerebrum , the Brain , is strictly taken for the foremost part of the Substance which is within the Skull ; and it is a Substance of a peculiar sort to it self ; outwardly it is covered with the Skin called Pia Mater ; it is wrought with many turnings and windings , its Exterior Substance is Ashie , wherein the Animal Spirits are Generated : the Interiour is white , which receives the Animal Spirits from the former , and discharges them by the Corpus Callosum , and the Medulla Oblongata into the Nerves ; upon which voluntary actions do chiefly depend . Likewise the Brain is the subject of Imagination , Judgment ; Memory , and Reminiscence ; for the Idaea's or Species of things being received from the Organs of the External Senses , are carried to the common Sensory , or the beginning of the Oblong-marrow , and then by the Corpora striata , and the Corpus callosum , there the judgement and imagination are formed ; but the Seat of the Memory is said to be in the Ashie Barkie Substance ; and if the Idea's after some time chance to be called for out of the place of the Memory , then it is properly said to be Reminiscence , or Remembring ; Sleep is likewise transacted in the Brain ; concerning which , see in its proper place . Cerelaeum is an Ointment made of Wax and Oyl . Cerevisia medicata , Physick-Drink , is wherein Medicines , proper for any Diseases , have been infused . Ceria , the same with Favus . Cerio , the same with Favus . Cerotum the same with Ceratum . Cerumina are the filth of the Ear , which seems to be sweat out from the Cartilages : others think it comes from the Glandules which border upon the Ears ; it consists of abundance of salt and adult Sulphur , which gives it its bitterness : it is good to hinder Dust , Motes , or little Animals from getting into the Ear. Chalastica are Medicines of a moistning Quality , which Relax the parts that are too hard bound up . Chalazia is a little swelling in the Eye lids , like a Hail-stone . Chalazae , every Egg has two of them , one in the Obtuse , and the other in the Acute end : there 's more of them in the White ; yea they stick closer to the Yolk , and are fastned to its Membrane . They are something long bodies , more Concrete than the White , and whiter ; knotty , have some sort of Light , as Hail , whence they have their name : for each Chalaza consists as it were of so many Hail-stones separated from each other by that White : one of them is bigger than the other , and farther from the Yolk ; is extended towards the Obtuse-end of the Egg : the other is less , and extends it self from the Yolk towards the Acute-end of the Egg. The greater is made up of two or three Knots like so many Hail-stones , which are moderately distant from each other , the less , in order succeeds the greater . It is also a Disease incident to Swine . Chalinos , Aurelian says it is the Ultimate Angle , and joyning of the Mouth , or that part of the Cheeks which adjoyns upon the Lips . Character is a Mystical Sign or Figure , which signifies or denotes something amongst Chymists . Charta Virginia , the same with Amnios . Cheimetlon , the same that Pernio . Cheironium , the same that Cacoethes . Chemia , the same that Chimia . Chemosis is the Tumor of the Albuginious Tunic , that makes the black of the Eye appear Concave . Chimetlon , the same that Pernio . Chiragra is a sort of Gout in the Hands , arising from the Effervescence of Acid Particles , and fixt Salt . Chiromantia is a Divination from inspecting the hand , when men Predict futurities from the Lineaments thereof , not at all necessary to a Physitian , since it is rather a Diabolical and deceitful art . Chirones , the same with Sirones . Chyronia is a great Ulcer , and of difficult Cure . Chyrurgia , Chirurgery , is an Art , wherein by the help of our Hands or Instruments we endeavour to Cure Diseases . Or , it is a part of the Art Theraputic , wherein Diseases are Cured by Incision Burning , and Setting Joynts . Or , it is a Science which teaches the manner and way of Operation upon Living Human Bodies ; and it is five-fold ; tho others chuse rather to divide it into Four Parts . 1. Synthesis , a setting together of things separate . 2. Diaeresis , a separating of things that were continued before . 3. Diorthosis , a correcting of things squeezed together and contorted . 4. Exeresis , a taking away of Superfluities . 5. Anaplerosis , a Restoring of that which was Deficient . Chirurgus , one skilful in this art of Chirurgery . Chlorosis , or Morbus virgineus commonly Icterus albus , seems to be a kind of Phlegmatick Pituitous Dropsie , arising from an obstruction of the Courses , want of Fermentation in the Blood , and a Detention or Depravation of the Ferment in the Womb ; whereupon the Muscular Fibres being obstructed , they become lazie , and unfit for Action . Choana is a sort of Cavity or Tunnel in the Basis of the Brain , by which the serous Excrements are brought down from the Ventricles of the Brain to the Pituitary Glandulae : also the Pelvis of the Reins , of which in its proper Place . Choenicis , the same with modiolus . Choenix is a sort of Measure containing two Sextaries , which is Three Pints of our Measure . Choeras , the same with Scrophula . Cholagoga are Medicines which purge Sulphureous and Bilious Humors ; as Rhubarb , Senna , &c. Choledechus is the Ductus bilarius , or passage of the Bile , called Common , wherein the Bile from the Bladder that contains it , and the Ductus in the Liver , is carried on to the Gut called Duodenum . Cholera is a depraved motion of the Ventricle and the Guts , whereby the Bilious Excrements are discharged in great plenty upwards and downwards : the cause of it consists sometimes in the very Acrimonie of the Gall , which meets and ferments highly with the juice of the Pancreas , as sharp and Acid as it self . Chondros , see Cartilago . Chondrosyndesmus is a Cartilaginous Ligament , or the joyning of Bones by the intervention of a Cartilage . Chorda the same that a Tendon , Nerve , or Gut , of which in their proper place . Chordapsus , so Celsus calls it , barbarously call'd Miserere mei , by others Illiaca passio ; by others , Volvulus , commonly Ileus , and it is an Ejection of the Excrements at the Mouth only , proceeding from an Obstruction of Excrements , from Wind , Inflammation , or Contortion , or Convulsion of the Guts ; when the upper part of the Intestines are twisted with the lower ; or on the contrary , whereupon the Peristaltic or Vermicular Motion of the Guts , whereby the Excrements are Excluded , becomes Inverted . Chorea sancti Viti , is a sort of Madness , which formerly was very common amongst some People , wherein the persons affected lay'd not down , but ran hither and thither dancing to the last gasp if they were not forcibly hindred . Horstius says , That he hath spoke with some Women , who paying an yearly visit to the Chappel of Saint Vitus , which is near the City Ulme in Sweedland , have been taken with such a violent fit of Dancing Night and Day , together with a sort of Frantickness in the Mind , that they fall together like so many people in Extasies : and are sensible of little or nothing for a Year together , till next May , about which time they perceive themselves so tormented with a restlessness in their Limbs , that they are forced to repair to the same place again about the Feast of Saint Vitus , to Dance . Chorion is the outward Membrane , which with the rest of the Membranes and Humours , contain the Faetus in the Womb. It is of an Orbicular Figure in Women , and its upper part is annexed to the Placenta , where it adheres to the Womb. Choroides is the folding of the Carotidal Arterie in the Brain , wherein is the Glandula Pincalis . It is also the Uvea Tunica , which makes the Apple of the Eye . Chromatismus is the Natural Colour and Tincture ; for Example , of Urines , Spittle , Blood , or Excrements . Chronicus is a daily inveterate Distemper , that has continued above forty days , and a Quartane Fever , a Consumption , an Asthma , Dropsie , &c. Chronius , the same with Chronicus . Chrysocer aunius pulvis , is Aurum fulminans , which is prepared of Gold , dissolved in a Menstruum , impregnated with Armoniac Salt , infused in Oyl of Tartar ; the Calx is precipitated to the bottom , which is sweetned and dryed for use . Chus is a measure that contains four Sextaries , or two Chaenices , in our Measure six Pints . Chylificatio is a Natural Action which makes Chyle . Chylosis , the same with Chylificatio . Chylus , Chyle , is a white Juice in the Ventricle and Intestines , proceeding from a light Dissolution and Fermentation of Victuals , especially of their Sulphur and Salt , with which Edible things abound , and which by the Intervention of the Acid Humour in the Ventricle , becomes white : for if you pour an Acid upon any Liquor that is impregnated with Sulphur and Volatile Salt , it presently turns Milkie ; as is obvious in preparing Milk of Sulphur , or the resinous Extracts of Vegetables . Nay , Spirit of Harts-horn , and of Soot , abounding with Volatile Salt , if it be Mixt with an Acid or but with plain Water , grows to be of a Milkie Colour ; at last the Chyle after a Commixion and Fermentation with the Gall , and the Pancreatic Juice , either Volatile , or Acid , passing the Lacteal Veins , &c. is mixed with the Blood . It is called in Latin also Chymus . Chymetlon , the same with Pernio . Chymia , or Chemia is a Resolution of Sublunary Bodies into their Elements ; and again , a Coagulation of the same Elements into the Bodies which they constituted before , in order to the preparation of Medicines more grateful , more healthful , and more safe ; there are two parts of it , Solution and Coagulation : by the addition of the Arabic Article 't is call'd Alchymia , or Alkymia ; it is called also Spagiria , Hermetica ars , ars perfecti Magisterii , ars Segregatoria , Seperatoria , and Destillatoria . Chymica , or Chymicalia , are Medicines which the Chymists prepare , that they may be taken in a less or more grateful quantity . Chymicus is one skilful in the Art of Dissolving and Coagulating one skilful in Chymistry Chymosis , or Chemosis , is a Distortion of the Evelids , by an Inflamation : also an Inflamation of the Tunica Cornea in the Eye . Chymus , the same with Chylas . Cicatrisantia are such things as by drying binding , and contracting , fill up Ulcers with Flesh , and cover them with a skin . Cicatrix , Cicatrices , Scars , are Marks which are left after great Wounds or Ulcers : some are simple , others accompanied with a Cavitie , Diminution , or Excrescence in the part Affected . Cilia , and Supercilia , are the Eye-brows , hard Cartilaginous Bodies ; but Supercilia properly the hair upon the Eye-brows , at the Extremity of the Forehead ; they are like two hairy Bulwarks or Ramparts to the Eyes , to defend them from the sudden Incurse of any thing from the Head or otherwise . Cion , Columella , Gargareon , Gurgulio , uva , uvula , uvigena , uvigera , epiglottis , sublinguium , is the cover of the Wind-pipe ; it hangs betwixt the two Glandules , called Amygdalae , above the Chink of the Larynx , and is a Process from a Substance , as one would think , Glandulous , Spongie , and Red ; which Columbus is of opinion , arises from the Tunic of the Mouth redoubled in that place . But Riolan says , it proceeds from some Muscles which are terminated there ; it is a Figure roundly Oblong , in the upper part thicker , and ending Obtusely in an Acute . It s use is to attemperate the coldness of the Air , and to hinder the Drink from falling upon the Nostrils : sometimes this Uvula sticks out too far from the Humours that fall upon it , which cannot return by the Lymphatic Vessels , whence proceeds the falling of the Uvula , which we call Roof of the Mouth . Cionis , the same with Cion . Circuitus , the same with Periodus . Circulatio sanguinis , see periodus . Circulatio Chymica is the Exaltation of pure I iquor ; by a Circular Distillation in an Instrument called a Pelicane , or a blind Alymbic , by the virtue of Heat . Circulatorium is a Glass Vessel , wherein the Liquor infused by its Ascending and Descending , rowls about as it were in a Circle : there are several sorts of these Vessels , but two especially of moment and use , that called Pelicanus , and the other Diota . Circulus is a round Instrument , made of Iron , for the cutting of Glass ; which is performed thus : The Instrument being heated , is applyed to the Glass , and is there continued till it grow hot , then with a drop of cold water , or a cold blast upon it , it flies in pieces . Cirsocele is a swelling of the preparing Vessels about the Testicles , so that they sometimes look like a Third Testicle . Cirsos , or Varix , is a Dilatation and swelling of the Veins , crooked or winding , and arising in one or more parts of the Body , insomuch that the Veins threaten a Rupture . Citta , or Pica , is a depraved Appetite , when people long for those things which are not fit to be , nor are ever eat , as Lime , Coles , Shells , Cloth , Hides , Sand , &c. that cause lies in the Depravation of the ferment of the Ventricle . Claretum is an Aromatic Wine , impregnated with an Infusion , and sweetned with Sugar , it is otherwise called , Vinum Hypocraticum , Hypocras Wine : also a medicated Wine . It is so called , because it is percolated and purified by a Wine-sack through which it is drained from its dregs , called Manica Hippocratis . Clarificatio is when Juices or thick Decoctions become clearer and finer : which is done three ways , by subsiding Fermentation , or the addition of Vinegar , white of an Egg , or Milk . Claviculae are two little Bones which close the Chest of a Man , fastening the Shoulder-bone like a Key , with the Breast bone , that part where the Ribs joyn together : they are otherwise called , Ligulae , or Furcale , Furcala Superior , &c. they are placed transverse under the very bottom of the Neck , in the top of the Breast , on each side one . Clavus see Helos . Clavus , according to Tornamira , is a pain in a small part of the Head , commonly above the Eye in the Eye-brow , and seems as if that part of the Head were bored through with a little Auger , or Wimble . Cleidion , the same with Clavicula . Clitoris is a part in a Woman , resembling the Yard of a Woman , whose use is Titillation ; it consists , like a Mans Yard , of two Nervous Bodies , which arise from the lower part of the bones of the Privities , and at the end is covered with a Nut , and a Prepuce , or fore-skin ; its substance is spungie , so that it is capable of increase and Relaxation , but is not perforated as in Men. Clydon , is a Fluctuation in the Ventricle . Clysma , the same with Clyster , Clyster , and Clysterium , or Enema , is a fluid Medicine given inwardly , injected into the Bowels by the Fundament ; some Clysters are softening and loosning , others scouring , others astringent , others which ease pain , and others for other uses . Clyster is sometimes taken in a larger sence , for Mehenchyta , Otenchyta , Ritenchyta , &c. which see in their proper places . Cuismus , the same with Pruritus . Coccyx , the last Portion of the Back , is made up of three little Bones , sometimes four , which are under the Os Sacrum , and serve for easier sitting . Cochlea is the cavity of the inner part of the Ear , so called from its windings and turnings , for it has three or four Rings which mutually succeed one another ; it is girt about with a very soft and thin Membrane . Coctio , Concoction or Digestion , is the fermentation of the smallest Particles which our Nourishment consists of , that they may be made fit and proper for the nourishment and increase of a Living Body . The first Concoction is made in the Stomach by a Ferment which partly remains there , from the reliques of the former Meat , and partly flows thither from the Caeliac Arteries . The second is made in the Guts by the Gall and Pancreatick juice . The third is in the Glandules of the Mesenterie , from a Lympha or Water which mixes it self with the Chyle . The fourth is in the Lungs , from the Inspiration of Nitrous Air. The fifth is in the Vessels and Bowels , as in the Spleen , Liver , Testicles , &c. It is ill called coction , or boiling , because 't is the property of Fire to boyl : for if Heat were the cause of Fermentation , what should be then of Fish and other things , wherein there 's no sensible heat at all . Codia are the tops of Poppies , of which they make Syrup . Cecum intestinum , is the Fourth , in order from the Stomach , and first of the thick Guts ; in Children new born , 't is found full of Excrements ; but in Adult persons its Cavitie often disappears , and onely hangs like a Worm . Caelia is a great Cavity , as the uppermost , middle , and the lowest Region or Cavity . Caeliaca Arteria is that which arises from the Trunc of the great Arterie , and spreads it self towards the Ventricle and Liver with its Branches . Coeliaca passio , or Affectio , is a Purging , wherein the Meat either wholly changed , or in part is ejected , without any Chilification ; and it is twofold : the first , in which the Meat is onely Digested in the Stomach ; the other , when Concoction or Fermentation is performed in the Stomach and Intestines both at once ; but by reason that the Lacteal Vessels , or little Teats of the Guts , are Obliterated through long Fasting , a Purulent Dissenterie or the like , the Chyle is not distributed . Coeloma is a hollow and round Ulcer in the Horny Tunic of the Eye . Coelum is the Cavitie of the Eye towards the Corners . The Palate is also called Coelum . Cohobatio is when a distilled Liquor is poured upon its Menstruum again , and afterwards is Distilled . Coindicantia are signs which do not indicate by themselves , but by another . Colatura is that which after Boyling , or Infusion , is percolated through a Sive or Cloth . Colc●thar is the dry Substance which remains after Distillation , commonly called Caput mortuum . Coles , see Penis . Colica passio , the Colic is a vehement pain in the Abdomen , from an ill disposition of the Animal Spirits , begun in the Nervous foldings of the Mesenterio , and is sometimes falsly imputed to the Gut Colon. Others make this Disease to proceed from an Acid Pancreatic Juice ; others , other ways , but falsly . Colla is Glue . Colletica are Medicines that Conglutinate . Colliciae are the joyning of the puncta Lachrymalia into one passage on both sides , which derive the humour of the Eye-lids into the Cavitie of the Nostrils ; the holes that are made in the very tops of the Eye-brows descend in little Channels , easily to be shown , unless the bones of the Nostrils be so cautiously broken , that the Tunics remain entire ; for after they have penetrated the Bones ( whither they are separated with a thin Membrane ) they spread themselves into a larger Channel , and are continued to the Tunic of the Nostrils . The same holes or openings in Sheep , Hares , Calves , Rabbits , are not found in the very Eye-brows , but a little more inward ; and most of all in Birds , where they are larger than in any other Creatures ; the Membrane which separates the holes here , is very short . Collutio is a washing of the Mouth , when we scour loose Teeth , the Gums , or Ulcers . Collyrium was once an Oblong Medicine which was taken in Distempers of the Eyes ; it is prepared in an Oblong , sometimes an Orbicular Form , and is dissolved in a convenient Vehicle for curing the Eyes . Coloboma is a fault in the Lips , Eye-lids , Ears , Nostrils , and the like , when one part either from the Nativity , or by some accident grows to another , which were either before actually loosned , or at least ought to have been so . Colon , is the second of the great Guts ; it is thus situate ; it arises from the Caecum Intestinum , in the right Flank , and adheres to the right Kidney ; then it tends upwards under the Liver , where sometimes it is annexed to the Bladder of the Gall , which dyes it a Clayish Colour : it goes on further transverse under the bottom of the Ventricle , and on the left hand is joyned to the Spleen ; then again it is fastned to the left Kidneys , where it winds and turns very obliquely ; and after that , descends in a right Line ; it is commonly about Eight or Nine hand breadths in length ; but the widest and largest Gut of all , it has a great many little Cells , or Cavities in it ; a certain Ligament is twisted with it the breadth of the middle Finger about its middle upwards ; and then by reason of its largeness it is guarded with two strong Ligaments , the one upwards , the other downwards , that it may be fastned to both the upper and under parrs : about the beginning it has a Valve that looks upwards , lest any thing should return from the great Guts into the small . Colpus , the same with Sinus . Columella , the same with Cion . Colummanasi is the fleshie part of the Nose prominent in the middle , near the upper Lip . Columma oris the same with Cion . Coma somnolentum is a deep sleep , less than a Lethargie , without a Fever , wherein the Patient being awakned , answers to any Questions propounded to him , but falls into a profound Sleep again , with his Mouth open , and his under-Jaw fallen , liker to one dead than alive . It proceeds from an Obstruction of the Brain , when the Serum has invaded the Tegument of the windings and foldings of the Brain , and the little streaks of the Marrow that is included therein . It is the same that Cataphora . Coma vigil is a Disease wherein the Patients are continually inclined to Sleep , but scarce can sleep , being affected with a great drowziness in the Head , a stupidity in all the Senses and Faculties , and many times with a delirium too . If the reason of these things be demanded , we may solve them thus , That the Pores and Passages of the Brains , wherein the Spirits move , are very much stuffed up with a thick Soporiferous Matter from the Blood , whereby the Spirits being hindred from their usual Explosion and Commerce with one another , seem to induce a profound and almost irresistable Drowziness upon the Person Affected ; but in as much as there are some sharp nimble Particles , like so many Stings , intermixed with the Spirits , and which keep them in perpetual Motion , therefore some of them still force their way , and directly or obliquely , as they can find a passage , meet and exert ; and this Motion , such as it is , confused and wandring , tho it do not perfect the compleat Exercise of the Animal Function , yet easily interrupts its Rest ; so that persons thus Affected , enjoy neither perfect day , nor perfect night , but live in a continual Twilight betwixt sleep and waking . Comitialis morbus , the same with Epilepsia . Composita are Medicines made up of many simple Medicines ; as certain Waters , Syrups , Electuaries , Opiates , Trochies , Ointments , Plaisters , &c. Conarium , or Glandula pinealis , hangs in the folding of the Choroides in the Brain , so called from the shape of a Cone . It is seated betwixt the two beds of the Optique Nerves , and the Prominences of the Nates . We can scarce believe , that this Glandulae is the seat of the Soul ; or that the Principal Faculties in a Man arise hence ; because that several Animals which are in a manner wholly destitute of the Prime Faculties of the Soul , Imagination , Memory , &c. yet have this Glandulae very fair and ample : it ought therefore to be look'd upon rather as a Sensorie , whence the Nerves arise ; to wit , about the beginning of the Oblongated Marrow . It s use is , to receive and contain the Serous Humours which are Excerned from the Alterious Blood , till either the Veins being emptied , suck them again ; or else the Lympheducts ( if there be any at hand ) convey them away . Yet the Learned F. Boyle doubts of its use , when he says , That it is not so easie to determine what its use is . Since I have observed this Glandulae to be always impregnated with an apparent and pretty sharp saltness in several Brains of Men , Oxen , and Sheep ; I cannot but imagine , that it separates some Volatile Humour from the Blood , Analogous to a Volatile Armoniac Salt , which being diffused upon the Trunc of the Spinal Marrow , communicates some new Vigor to the Animal Spirits , and hinders their Coagulation . Concha is the winding Cavitie of the inner part of the Ear. Condensantia , see Incrassantia . Conditum is a composition of Conserves , Powders , Spices , made up into the Form of an Electuarie , with a convenient quantity of Syrup : it is taken also for a Simple Medicine , sweetned with Honey or Sugar ; as candid Ginger , or Helicampane . Condyloma is the knitting or joyning of Joynts . Also a certain Tumor in the little skin of the Fundament ; an hard and Callous Swelling , growing from black Humors that flow thither . and rather troublesome than painful : sometimes also it is accompanied with an Inflamation . Condylie are the joynts and knuckles of the Fingers , thicker thereabout the Joynts , than in other places . Confecta , Confitures , are things ( as Seeds , Almonds , Cinnamon , &c. ) crusted over with dry Sugar . Confectio is a Composition of Powders , Gums , Sugar , Honey , Syrups , &c. made up into one Substance , and it is Twofold ; either dry , as Lozenges , &c. or moist , as Opiates , Preserves , Conserves , and all sorts of Antidotes . Conformatio is an Essential part of Health , or Sickness ; and therefore is either good or bad ; it consists in these Six following Particulars , Number , Magnitude , Figure , Cavitie , Surface ; and Scituation . Congius , or Choa , is a Measure that contains Six Sectaries . Conjunctiva tunica , the same with Adnata . Conoides , the same with Conarium . Consensus , a Disease by Consent , is when one Disease is caused by another , as Respiration is hindred by a Pleurisie ; it is likewise the correspondence of different parts , by the mutual and common Ligaments of both ; to wit , Nerves and Tendons . Conserva , a Conserve , is a Composition of Flowers or Herbs beat together , to every pound whereof , if they be dry , are added three pounds of Sugar ; if moister , two pounds , so that they may be kept several years . Consolidantia are those things which cleansing with a moderate heat and force , by taking Corruption out of Wounds , and preserving the temperature of the parts , cause the Nourishment to be fitly applyed to the part Affected . Contagium , is a Poison , which from one Subject is propagated to another ; which happens two manner of ways , either at a distance by the Air , or by simple Contact . Contemplabiles dies , see Critici dies . Continens causa , is the Internal Cause of a Disease , with the matter of it , which ariseth elsewhere , which is so near a kin to the Disease , that if it be , the Disease is too ; and if it be taken away , the Disease follows . As the Stone , which proceeds from ill Humors arising from ill qualities in Meats and Drinks , Obstructs the Ureters . Continens febris is a Fever that continues without any Intermission : and it is Twofold , either Primarie , or Secundarie ; the former proceeds from a too great Exaltation of Sulphur , as in a burning Fever , a Pleurisie , Quinzie , &c. the latter , which is also called Symtomatica , is caused by Wounds , Ulcers , &c. as in a Consumption , Wounds in the Head , &c. Continua Febris , is a Fever ( or Ague ) which is continually troublesome , but with some intermission : and it is either Quotidian , Tertian , Quartane , or Erratic . The cause of its continuance proceeds from a too high Exaltation of Sulphur ; as in the former sort of Fevers : but the Paroxismes , or Fits , proceed from that equal portion of Chyle which is continually added to the Blood . Contraindicatio is an Indication which hinders that to be done which the first Indication suggested ; and it is either Contra indicans , which hinders of it self ; or Correpugnance , which is Secundarily Repugnant , and in Conjunction with other Indications . Contusio ossis , a bruising of a Bone is when a Bone is so hurt with some hard blunt Instrument , that outwardly it appears whole , when as inwardly it is otherwise . Convulsio , Convulsion , is a Motion whereby the Nerves or Membranes are contracted and remitted without the Will , as in the Falling-sickness , Cramp , &c. of which in their proper place . Cophosis , is a Deafness . Copos is a weariness of the Body , when the Muscles , or their Fibers rather , are loaden and obstructed with such Viscous Humors , that they are rendred unfit for Motion . Coprocritica are Medicines which Purge away the Excrements in the Guts . Cor , the Heart , is a Fleshy Fibrous Substance , made up of several Muscles and Tendons ; it has two Auricles or Ears , and as many Ventricles ; the Vena Cava , or Great Vein , is fastned to the right Auricle , and the Pulmonarie Vein to the left ; the Pulmonarie Arterie is joyned to the Right Ventricle , and the great Arterie to the left . It is clothed with a little Membraneous Bag , called the Pericardium , wherewith it is joyned to the Mediastinum , and the Diaphragme ; its Basis is upwards , and Point downwards , and is placed in the middle of the Chest , amongst the Lobes of the Lungs . It s use is onely to receive and disperse the Blood to all parts in the Body ; though others place I know not what Flame , others a Ferment in its Ventricles , which are all Fables , and no way consonant to Reason , as we have sufficiently Evinced in our Tract , concerning The Circulation of the Blood . Coracohyoides , are Muscles which proceed from the Process of the Shoulder-bone , called Coracoides , and go on as far as the Bone Hiordes : their use is to move obliquely downwards . Coracoides is the Process of the Shoulder-blade in form of a Beek . Cordialia are Medicines which are commonly thought to strengthen the Heart : but they onely put the Blood into a fine gentle Fermentation , which Corroborates and Facilitates the Motion of the Heart . Cornea oculi tunica , which is also called Sclerotes , and Dura , the hard Tunic , proceeds from a skin in the Brain called Dura Menix ; it is pellucide forwardly , that it may transmit the visible Species ; its sides are covered with the Albugineous tunic ; inwardly it contains the Aquaeous Humour . Cornicularis processus , see Ancyroides : Cornua uteri , are two lateral parts of the Womb in some Bruits , as Cows , Harts , Sheep , Goats , &c. yet some Authors have attributed the same parts to a Womans Womb , from something which imitates them there ; for at the sides of the bottom of the Womb , there is a sort of Protuberance on both sides , where the Vasa deferentia are inserted : a Womans Womb is rarely bipartite , as it is in Bruits . Coronalis sutura , is a Cleft in the Head , made like a Comb , and joynes as if the Teeth of two Saws were closely compacted into one another ; it is placed in the upper part of the Skull , from one Temple to another , and is circumscribed with the bones of the Forehead , and that particularly called Bregma , in the middle whereof the Suture , stiled Sagitalis , is terminated . Coronaria vasa are the Veins and Arteries which surround the Heart , to Nourish it . Corone is an Acute Process of the lower Jaw-bone , from its likeness to the Beek of a Raven , called Rostriformis , in form of a Beek . Corpus Callosum is the Marrowie part of the Brain , whose Complication makes the foremost Ventricle of the Brain ; and it is wholly Marrowie , without any Membrane , and is fastened on both sides to the little Tuffs of the Oblongated Marrow ; from which , as from its rise , this Medullarie Substance which overspreads the Arches of the Brain is expanded towards the hinder parts , and gradually diminishes ; at length the Exteriour Edge of this Expanded Substance is more narrowly contracted , and lower down is joyned to the Trunc of the Oblongated Marrow , by the connexion of Membranes and Vessels : and farther , that the Connexion may be firmer , there arises a Medullary Process from its former part , near its little Tufts , which subtending the opening of the Brain , goes to the very Extremities of it ; with which , as with two Arms folded , it is united on both sides : which Arms embrace the Trunc of the Oblongated Marrow , and so unite that Limbus of the Brain too more firmly to themselves . Corpus glandulosum , the same with Prostata . Corpus varicosum , see Varicosum corpus . Corpus Pampineforme , see Varicosum corpus . Corpus Pyramidale , see Varicosum corpus . Corrosio Chymica , is a Calcination of mixed Bodies by Corrosives . Corrosivum is a Medicine that has a power of Corroding , as Lime , Aquafortis , &c. Corrodentia , Corroding things , are those which eat up and consume Excrescent Flesh , with their sharp Particles . Corticalis substantia cerebri , is the outward Substance of the Brain , full of Labyrinths , and Meanders in the outside ; it is covered with a thin skin , it is of an Ash grislie Colour , and full of little Vessels : inwardly the Medullary Substance is next to it . It s use is to generate Animal Spirits from the Blood , and hence they are conveyed by the Medullarie Substance to the Nerves , and distributed through the whole Body . Secondly , The Seat of the Memory , and Sleep is placed there . Coryphe is the Crown of the Head ; also the interior Extremity of the Fingers , near the Nails . Coryza , or gravedo , is a defluction of a sharp , salt , and thickned Humour , into the Mouth , Lungs , and Nostrils , from the Ventricles of the Brain , by the Nerves of smelling ; for when it grows thick , it can neither be Percolated by the Reins , nor pass from the Pitutarie Glandule , thorough the Infindibulum into the Veins , and therefore it Distills into the Nostrils by the aforesaid Nerves , which if it meet with an Accension of Sulphureous Particles , it produces a Fever , and consequently thirst . Hence comes that Coryza , either with or without a Fever . Cosmetica are Medicines which whiten and soften the Skin , as Oyl of Tartar , a dissolution of Sublimated Mercury , Sulphur , Camphor , &c. Costae , the Ribs , are those Bones which with other parts make the Chest or Thorax : backward they are connexed with the Vertebres of the Back , forward with the Cartilages of the Breast-bone ; they are Twelve in Number on both sides ; the seven upper are called true , the five lower spurious , the broader part of the Ribs is called Palmula , the straiter towards the Vertebres , Remulus . Cotyla attica , is Nine Ounces , as an Italian Hemina ; but Cotyla Italica contains Twelve . Cotyle , the same with Acetabulum , is the Cavitie of the Huckle-bone , which is appointed to receive the head of the Thigh-bone Cotyledon , the same with Cotyle . Cotyledones , or Acetabula uterina , are Glandules dispersed up and down the uttermost Membrane of the Faetus , called Chorion ; which separate Nutritious juice from the Womb to nourish the Faetus ; but this is found onely in some Animals : the Placenta in the Womb supplies their place in Women . Also the gaping meeting of the Veins in the Womb , are called Cotylidones , and Acetabula ; these Glandules are so called , from the resemblance they bear to the Leaves of the Herb Pennywort , in Latin Cotyledon . Coxae os , the Hyp-bone , called otherwise Innominatum , and illium coxendix , because it contains the Gut called ileum ; it is annexed to the sides of the Os Sacrum ; in Infants it consists of Three Bones , Ilium , Ischium , and Os pubis , which are joyned together by Cartilages till Seven Years of Age , then it is distinguished by a Triple Line ; it grows into one continued Bone in Adult persons . Coxendix , the same with Coxa and Ischium . Crama , Croma , and Chrama , is a mixture of any thing , whether Medicines or Elements . Cranium is the compages of the Bones of the Head , to which belong the Bones of the Fore-head , of the sides of the Head , of the hinder-part of the Head , of the Temples , the Bone called Sphenoides , and another called Cribriforme like a Sieve : it is like a 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 an Helmet to the Head , which defends it from External Injuries ; its upper part is double : some call it Calva and Calvaria . See Calva . Crapula is an Head-ach proceeding from too much Wine . Crasis , or temperamentum , is a convenient mixtion of qualities ; temperament is either Simple , or Compound ; Simple , is when onely one quality exceeds the rest , as hot , cold , moist , dry , salt , sharp , &c. Compound , is when more qualities exceed , as hot and dry , hot and bitter , salt and sharp , acid and frigid , acid and acrimonious , and also one is inherent , which is fixed in the parts ; another influent , which is derived upon the parts , from the Blood and Spirits ; and it is either moderate , or immoderate ; total , or partial ; natural or acquired ; permanent or transitorie , to an equality in weight , or a just proportion ; and so they make a great many distinctions , which signifie little or nothing . Craticula is a Chymical Instrument made of square pieces of Iron , as thick as ones Finger , placed so near one another in Acute Angles , that there 's half a Fingers space betwixt them ; it is used in making of Fires , to keep up the Coles . Cremasteres , are two Muscles of the Testicles , called suspensores , hangers ; they grow outwardly to the Membrane of the vagina , and proceed in men from the Ligament which is in the os pubis ; and are fast connexed to the lower part of the Testicles . Cribrosum os , see Ethmoides . Cribrum benedictum antiquorum , the Ancients fancied Two Cavities , placed long-ways in the Reins ; one uppermost , whereinto the Serous Blood was poured from the Emulgent Arteries ; another lowermost , which they fancied was distinguished with a certain Transverse Membrane full of little holes like a Sieve ; whence they called it Colatorium , a Strainer , and Benedictum Cribrum , a blessed Sieve , through which they would have the Serum Percolated into the Ureters , and the good Blood stay behind for the nourishment of the Reins . Cricoarytaenoides are Muscles which proceed from the Cartilage , called Cricoides . and are inserted into the Arytaenoides , which whilst they draw back-ward and outwardly , the opening of the Larynx is Dilated . Cricoides is the Cartilage of the Larynx Wind-pipe , which is in fashion of a Ring . Cricothyroides signifies a pair of Muscles , which proceed from the Cartilage like a Ring , and are terminated in that which is called Scutiformis , or like a Shield ; they Dilate the opening of the Larynx by moving a little obliquely . Crimnoides , or Crimnodes , is Urine with thick Sediments at the bottom , like Bran. Crisima are Signs by which one may discern and judge . Crisis is a sudden Change in a Disease , either towards a Recovery , or Death . It sometimes signifies a Secretion of Humors ; but is more frequently taken for a Judgment passed upon a Disease . One Crisis is called perfect , another imperfect ; the perfect is that which frees the Patient perfectly and entirely from the Distemper ; and it is either Salutary , or deadly . 1. It must be judged by very good Signs . 2. Be manifest . 3. Happen upon a Critical Day . 4. Be faithful . 5. Secure . 6. Suitable to the Disease , and the Distemper of the Patient . An imperfect Crisis , is that which does not clearly determine the Tendency of the Disease , but leaves room for another Crisis : and this is Two-fold , either for the better , or for the worse : the former is that which does not quite take away the Disease , but enables the Patient to bear it better : the latter , is when the Disease becomes more violent and dangerous . That Crises depend upon the Motion and Influence of the Moon , and Stars , and follow their Quadrate and opposite Aspects , or their Conjunctions , is false and frivolous ; for Critical Evacuations are determined only according to the store and turgescencie of Adust Matter , which is Expelled the Body sooner or later , according to the different Temperament of the Persons Affected : whereupon depends the variety of Critical days . Cristae are Excrescencies of Flesh growing about the Fundament , from a preposterous use of Coition , the Roots whereof are often Chapt , and Cleft . Christa Galli is the Third part of the Bone Ethmoides , or the inner Process , not much unlike the Comb of a Cock : it arises betwixt the Olfactory Nerves ; and has the Extremity of the Third Cavity of the hard skin of the Brain , called Dura meninx , implanted in it . Criterium , the same that Crisis . Crithe , or Hordeolum , is a little Oblong Push , or Swelling , which grows to the Eye-brows where the Hairs are ; so called from its resemblance to a Barly-corn . Critici dies are those whereon there happens a sudden change of a Disease , and they are Threefold : some are called truly and perfectly Critical ; others Indices ; others Intercidentes . The perfectly Critical Days are called Principes , or Radicales ; because that the Crisis which happen on these days have all the marks of a perfect Crisis : and these are the Seventh , the Fourteenth , and the Twenty-first Day . Indices which are called also Contemplabiles , and Internuncii , are those which Indicate , that the Crisis will be on the Seventh day : and these are Three : the Fourth , the Eleventh , and Seventeenth Day . Intercidentes , which are called also Intercalares , irrepentes , or provocatorii , and those which fall betwixt the days called Principes & Indices , and they onely aim at an imperfect Crisis , and are the Third , the Fifth , the Ninth , the Thirteenth , and the Nineteenth ; but all other Days which are neither Principes , nor Indices , nor Intercidentes , are called Vacui , and Medicinales , and they are the Sixth , the Eighth , the Tenth , the Twelfth , the Sixteenth , and the Eighteenth . The computation of Critical Days , is to be Instituted from that hour wherein the Patient first felt himself ill . We may observe by the by , That the computation of Critical Days in these Countries does not exactly correspond with Hypocrates his Accounts . All these days depend upon the sooner or later Fermentation and Maturation of the Morbific Matter . Critica Signa , Critical Signs , are such as are taken from a Crisis , either towards Death , or a Recovery ; and some of them are antecedent , which either fore-tell the time of a Crisis , or signifie a kind of Crisis . Others are concomitant , which appear at the same time with the Crisis . And others , Lastly , are Subsequent , which shew , whether an imperfect Recovery be to be expected ; or there be fear of a Relapse . Crotaphites are the Muscles , Veins , and Arteries about the Temples . Sometimes Crotaphium is taken for a pain in the Head . Crotaphium , See in Crotaphites . Crucibulum , a Crucible , is a Vessel for melting Minerals and Metals made of Earth , extraordinarily hardned by Fire , with an Acute Basis , but a larger top , round , or triangular . There is also a sort of Crucible made , commonly called Testa , which is sufficient to melt Metals . Cruditas morborum , a Crudity in Diseases , is when the Blood ( as in continued Fevers ) is not yet duly sermented , and brought to a right consistence . Cruditas Ventriculi , a Crudity of the Stomach , is when meat out of a defect of Nourishment , or some other cause , is not rightly fermented , and turned into Chyle : and it is Threefold , Apepsia , Bradypepsia , and Dispepsia : of which in their proper places . Cruor , Blood , see Sanguis . Helmont makes a distinction betwixt Sanguis , and Cruor ; the former whereof , he says , Is the Blood in the Arteries ; the latter , that in the Veins . Crus , or Magnus pes , is all that part of the Body which reaches from the Buttocks down to the end of the Toes ; it is divided into the Thigh , Leg , and Foot . Crusta lactea is a species of Achor , a Scurf , or crustie Scab : onely with this difference , that an Achor Infects onely the Head ; but this , not onely the Face , but almost the whole Body of an Infant at the time of its first Sucking . Crusta Lactea turns white , but Achors have another colour . Crymodes is a cold shivering Fever , but many times accompanied with an Inflamation of the inne parts . Crysorchis is an absconding of the Testicles in the Belly . Crystalinus humor oculi , called also Glacialis , the Crystaline humor of the Eye , within the opening of the Tunica Uvea , like a Glass put over a hole , collects and refringes the Rays which strike upon it from all parts ; its Substance is like Glue , or the Gum of a Tree , very pellucide , and of a consistence like melting Wax , which though it be pressed , does not yet easily yield and separate . In Men it is shaped like a Lintel , whose outward Surface is pretty plain , but the inner gibbous and risting : this Humor , though it be not apt to spread abroad , yet is cloathed with a small Membrane of its own , called Aranea , by reason of its thinness , like to a Spiders Web. Crystalloides tunica , the same with Aranea Tunica . Cubiforme , see Cuboides . Cubitus , the middle part betwixt the Shoulder-bone and the Wrest ; it consists of two Bones , one called Ulna , and the other Radius : the ends whereof meet indeed , but the middle parts are separate , though they be tied together a little by a Membranous Ligament . Cuboides is the Fourth bone in that part of the Foot which immediately succeeds the Leg , and that in both Feet . It is called also Grandinosum , and Cubiforme . Cucupha is a Cover for the Head , made of Odoriferous and Cephalic Spices beat to Powder , and stitched betwixt two pieces of Silk ; or else , sowed within a Cap , and worn upon the Head against Catarrhs , and other Diseases of the Head . Cucurbita is a Chymical pointed Vessel made of Earth or Glass , used in Distillations by an Alembic sometimes it is taken for Cucurbitula . Cucurbitini lumbrici are broad Worms , like the seed of a Gourd . Cucurbitula , or Cucurbita , a Cupping-glass , is a wide , hollow Vessel , made of Glass or Tin , which is applyed to the Body with Scarrification , or without it , to divert , to derive the Blood into another part , or to let it out ; if it be applyed without Scarrification , it is called Cucurbita caeca & ventosa . Cupping-glasses are applied to the most fleshy parts , where the large Vessels and Nerves cannot be hurt . The drawing which is performed by these Glasses , is done thus : after the Skin is scarrified , the Air in the Cupping-glasses is rarified , and dilated by the flame of the Towe that is fired within it , which after it is cooled and condensed , takes up less room than before ; so that the External Air pressing upon the Flesh without , forces the Blood into the Glass . There are two sorts of Cupping-glasses , says Celsus , one of Brass , and the other of Horn : the former is open on one part , and shut on the other ; the latter is equally open on one part , on the other has a little hole : burning Towe is thrown into the Brazen one , and so its mouth is applyed , and forced upon the Body till it stick . That of Horn , is applyed singly by it self , and by a violent sucking at the little hole , which must presently be stopt up close with Wax , it sticks as fast as the other : but if other things fail , then a little Cup or Goblet with a strait mouth may be very fitly applyed to the same Effect ; after it has stuck , if the Skin be scarrified before with a Pen-knife , it draws out the Blood ; if it be whole and entire , it draws out the Flatulent Matter ; therefore where the matter within is hurtful and offensive , it must be applyed the former way ; where there 's an Inflamation , the latter . The Aegyptians at this day use those of Horn ; as appear from Prosper Alpinus . Cuneiforme os is so called from the resemblance they say it has to a Wedge ; in Latin Cuneus ; the Ancients called it Multiforme , of many Shapes , by reason of the various Processes inside and outside , which render it rough and unequal : it is situate in the midst of the Basis of the Brain , and is placed under it like a Basis , so that it touches upon most of the Bones of the Head , and the upper Jaw . Cuneiformia ossa , are those bones which make the Fifth , Sixth , and Seventh bone of that part of the Foot which immediately succeeds the Leg : which Fallopius calls Sphenoidea , Innominata , and Calcoidea . Cunnus is a Womans Privie Parts , consisting of a Clytoris , Nymphae , &c. Curatio is a right way or method of finding out by Symptoms and Indications , proper Remedies for any Disease , in order to the Recovery of Health . Curativa indicatio , is an Indication which respects the Disease to be cured . Curculio , the same with Cion . Cuticula the little thin skin , is a cover of the skin without sense , extended outwardly over the whole skin like a Membrane , full of Innumerable small Pores , accommodated to the avoiding of injuries from abroad , to the shutting up of the Cutaneus Vessels , and to the more Acurate Perfecting of Tactile Qualities : It is nourished by the Blood ; for if it be lost or perished , it comes again , though its Vessels be but little conspicuous . It is not condensed by Cold ; for I have often shown it in Abortions ; nor is it condensed by Oily Vapours , because that condensed Vapours easily slide off again . Cutis is the skin in a living Man : but Pellis , is that which is flead off , and it is the outermost cover of the whole Body , or a pretty thick Membrane wrought of several Filaments of the Veins and Arteries , Nerves , and Nervous Fibres , Complicated and Interwoven with one another , full of Glandules , and Limpheducts , or Vessels that convey away the Vapours and Swet , abounding with a great number of Pores here and there , and sensibly Perforated in many places to let in and out , as occasion requires , as at the Mouth , Nostrils , Eyes , Ears , Privities , Fundament , &c. it is thickest of all upon the Head ; moderately hard in the Neck and Back ; finer in the Face , Yard , and outer skin of the Cod ; thin on the sides ; thinnest of all on the Lips ; in some places , as the Elbow , Forehead , soles of the Feet , &c. it sticks very close together . Cyathus , we English it properly a Beeker , is a Measure of Dry things as well as Liquids ; not as some think , a common sort of Cup ; but the Eighth part of a Sextarie . Cyclisci , are Surgeons Tools wherewith they scrape away Corrupt Flesh , or the like ; made in the form of an Half Moon . Cyema , the same with Embrion . Cylindrus is a Plaister made oblong ; which Physicians call Magdaleo . Cyllosis , see in Cyllum . Cyllum signifies a Leg put out of joynt outwardly . Also one Lame and Crooked . Cymbiforme os . see os Naviculare . Cynanche and Lycanche , so called , because it is frequently incident to Dogs and Wolves , is an Inflamation of the inner Muscles of the Larynx , accompanied with a difficulty of breathing , and a continual Fever . Cynantropia is Madness given by a Dog , wherein the Patient flies light , and any thing that is bright and splendid ; fears Water , and trembles at the sight and remembrance of it ; it proceeds usually from a poysonous bite , or the like , of some mad Creature , as a Dog , a Wolf , &c. Cynodes orexis , is a Canine Appetite , or an Extreme hunger joyned with Vomiting , or a Looseness : it arises from too much , or a too acid Ferment in the Stomach . Cynodesmus is the band which ties the little skin of the Yard to the Nut. Cynodontes are those Teeth betwixt the Axel Teeth and the Grinders , called Canini , Columellares , and Oculares , Eye-Teeth , as we say . Cyphosis is the bending of the Vertibres of the Back towards the Back parts . Cyrtoma is a bunch on the Back , or a Tumor in any other part . Cyrtosis , the same with Cyrtoma . Cyssaros is the Gut called Rectum , the lowermost of all : Also the Fundament . Cystica are Medicines used against Distempers in the Bladder . Cystis is the Bladder that holds the Urine , or the Gall. Cystis choledochus , the same with Folliculus fallis .

D. DAcryodes are Ulcers which continually send forth Matter . Danich , the same with Lupinus . Darsis is an Excoriation of the Skin . Dartus is the second Tunic of the common Cotes which mediately cover the Testicles of a Man : it arises from the Fleshie Membrane ; but in Women the Testicles are immediately covered with the Cote of the Peritonaeum . Dasymma is a Superficiarie in equalitie of the inner part of the Eye-lids , accompanied with a redness . Debilitas is a weakness proceeding from Swounding , Fainting , Hunger , Disease , or otherways . Declinatio morbi , the declension of a Disease is when it recedes from its height , and the Patient is beyond danger : for none dyes in the declension of a Disease but accidentally . See Acme . Decoctum , see Apozema . Decussis , the same with Denarius . Decussorium is a Chyrurgeons Instrument wherewith the Dura Mater being highly pressed , is acurately adjoyned to the Scull , that the puss or snottie Matter gathered betwixt the Scull and the Skin called Dura Menix , or Mater , may be Evacuated by a hole made with a Chyrurgeon's instrument called Trepanum . Defectio animi , see Lypothomia . Deflagratio febrium , see Apyrexia . Defluvium capillorum , see Alopecia . Deflexus , the same with Catarrbus . Deglutio , swallowing , is an Animal Action whereby Meat chawed in the Mouth , or any thing more Liquid , descends into the Stomach by the contraction of the Fibers of the Gullet . Delirium is a Depravation of the imagination and judgment , arising from a Tumultuary and disorderly motion of the Animal Spirits ; whereupon the Persons Affected speak several absurd and incongruous things , the antecedent cause whereof lies either in the Blood , or in the Animal Spirits ; there are several species of it : some who speak little , some who dote in their talk ; and not onely think , but speak things ridiculous , strange , magnificent , and malicious ; others again really execute what they think , and that either with laughter , or in great earnest : but all these orders of doting people , are reduced to certain destinctions . Dejectio is an Evacuation of the Excrements by the Peristaltick Motion of the Guts . Deleterium is any Poysonous Medicine . Deligatio is a part of Chyrurgery that concerns the binding up of Wounds , Ulcers , broken Bones , &c. and it is either Simple or Compound . The Simple is either equal or unequal : the equal is onely round , which swathes the affected Member without any Declention to either side : the unequal is divided into Ascia and Sima , which at least differ upon the account of one being greater , and the other less ; Ascia declines little from a round , but Sima much . There are a great many distinctions of Swathing , taken from the likeness of the parts which are swathed , or from certain Animals and other things . Deliquium animi , the same with Eclipsis . Deliquium chymicum , is a Distillation by the force of Fire : or a melting of the Calx which is suspended in moist Cells , and a Resolution of it into a Lixivious Humour . Deltoides is a Triangular Muscle , like the Greek Δ , it proceeds from the Channel Bone , from the upper Process of the Shoulder-blade , and from the Process of the same , which is called Spiniforme , or like a Thorn ; and being fastned to the middle strong Tendon of the Shoulder , lifts up the Shoulder it self . Denarius is the Seventh part of an Ounce . Dentarpaga , see Forfex . Dentes the Teeth , are little bones of both Jaws fastned one within another like so many Nails . Men are said to have Thirty , and Women Twenty eight ; as far as they appear above the Gums there 's no Membrane about them ; they grow continually , otherwise they would be worn out by daily grinding , they are not onely provided with Veins and Arteries , but with Nerves too ; as the great pains which they are subject to , manifestly evince . Dentiducum , see Forfex . Dentifricium is a Medicine for whitening , scouring , and fastning the Teeth , and for strengthning the Gums . Dentitio is the time that Children breed Teeth , which is about the seventh Month , or later ; and usually the upper Teeth come first , in some the under ; and amongst these , the fore-teeth first : many times Fevers , Convulsions , Loosnesses , &c. attend Children in the time of breeding Teeth . Derivatio is a means whereby blood that flows towards one part , but is not fixed there , is drawn away by a neighbouring part . Derma , the same with Cutis . Descensum , or per descensum destillare ; See Delicquium . Desiccatio is an Evaporation of superfluous moistness by heat . Destillatio is an Extraction of the moist or unctuous parts , which are rarified into Mist , or Smoak as it were , by the force of Fire . Distillation is performed by a Bladder , by the Chymical Instrument called Cucurbita , ( before described ) by a Retort , by Deliquium , by Filtre , by Descent ; &c. and that either in Balneo Mariae , Sand , Vapours , Dung , the Sun , a Reverberatorie , &c. Detergentia , see Abstergentia . Deuteropathia is a Disease that proceeds from another Disease ; for Example , If the Head-ach from the Distemper of another part , the Morbific Matter being translated thither from its former Repositorie . Diabetes , so Galen calls it , and Agineta dipsacus , from the great Thirst that attends it : and as others will have it , from a certain sort of Serpent called Dipsacus , found especially in Lybia , which Poysons with its bite , and brings an unquenchable Thirst upon the person Affected . It is a rare Distemper , which Galen says , he has seen but twice . The Famous Doctor J. Van Dueren , and I , observed it once in a Reverend Pastor of the Church ; and it is too great a Fusion of the Blood , whereupon the Serum , joyned with a violent Thirst , passes the Reins , and is Excerned in great quantity by the passages of the Urine ; it proceeds ordinarily from a too much exalted , or a too Acid Ferment in the Reins . Diabrosis is a solution of the Continuum , by eating out of parts . Diaclisma is a washing of the Mouth to cleanse it , or to strengthen the Teeth or Gums ; the Washes are made of several Astringents , as of the Herbs Britannica , Tormentil , bark of Pomgranates , Galls , Allum , Flowres , or Blossoms of wild Pomgranates , &c. Diacopraegia is a Medicine made of Goats-dung , against Tumors in the Spleen , and Glandules behind the Ears , called Parotides . Diacrisis is a distinction and dijudication of Diseases and Symptomes . Diacritica , see Diacrisis . Diadoche is a succeeding by a Crisis . Diadosis is a distribution of Nourishment through all the parts . Diaeresis is an Eating out , or consuming of Vessels , as Senertus says , when from some cutting corroding Cause , some ways and passages are made which naturally ought not to have been ; or when some which really are , yet are dilated more than ordinary , so that the Humours which ought to have been contained in the Vessels , run out . For first , a Diaeresis may be occasioned by sharp Humors which dissolve the Unity , and cut away ; which likewise sharp Medicines will do , if they consist of thick parts ; for those of Minute parts are not Corrosive , because they stick not long enough . Again , plenty of Humours may occasion a Diaeresis , by distending and bursting the parts . Thirdly , There are several evident causes of a Diaeresis ; to wit , all those which by Contusion and Stretching , do break the Unity of the Vessels ; such as are Vehement Motion , Noise , great Weight , things that Wound , that Bruise , a Fall , a Leap , and the like ; amongst which , you may reckon Wind , which being long pent up , does sometimes so forcibly distend the parts of the Body , that it does not onely Dilate the natural Cavities which contain it , but make new , when it breaks our , and dissolves the Unity of the parts also ; a Chyrurgical Operation , which either by Incision , Burning , Perforating , Shaving , Filing , Sawing , or Eating , solves the Continuity of parts . Diaeta , Diet , is a method in sound Persons of living moderately ; in Sick , a Remedy consisting in the right use of things necessary to life ; and upon that account is either of a thick , moderate , or thin consistence : the first is done by a good quantity of firm solid Meats , and such as afford good nourishment ; this sort of Diet is called simply full , and was formerly made of whole Barley-corns husked and boyled , like Furmety : or it is more full and thick , which is done by Pullets flesh , and poched Eggs : or it is most full , which allows of eating of things Gelt : that of a moderate consistence , is which consists of Meats of a moderate quantity and substance ; this was formerly done by Bread sopt in Pottage , or with young tender Flesh : that of a thin consistence is , which is done by little Nourishment , and that thin and weak ; which for the most part is agreeable in sharp Diseases : and this is Threefold , either simply weak , which was formerly done by the juice of Ptisane : or more weak , when the Patient drunk Water and Honey boiled together : or weakest of all , when the Patient took no meat ; but now-adays Diets are not so strictly observed as formerly ; especially in these Countries . Diaetetica is a part of Physick that prescribes the use and knowledge of Six things which are not Natural . Diagnosis is the Knowledge of present signs : or a knowledge whereby we understand the present condition of a Distemper ; and it is Threefold , either a right instigation of the part Affected , of the disease it self , or of its Cause . Dialeimma , the same with Apyrexia . Diapasma , according to Pliny , is a dry Medicine , made up of dry Powders , to be sprinkled upon something ; as either upon Clothes to Pertume them , or upon Ulcers , and Wounds , several ways ; or upon Drink , to make it more Delicious . Diapedesis is an Eruption of the Blood , by reason of the thinness of the Vessels . Diaphanum is that which is Transparent , as the Humors of the Eyes , the Tunica Cornea , &c. Diaphoresis , Sweating , is a Perspiration of all manner of Effluvia through the invisible pores of the Body . Diaphragma , or Septum Transversum , and Disseptum , is a Transverse Muscle which separates the Thorax or Chest from the Abdomen ; in the middle it is Membranous ; the Gullet , the great Arterie , and the great hollow Vein , all pass through it : it conduces to respiration with other Muscles , and pressing upon the Guts , helps forward the Secretion of the Excrements . Diaphrattontes are Membranes called Pleura , which cover the inside of the Thorax , and leave a kind of partition in the middle , called Mediastinum . Diaphthora is a Corruption of any part of the Body . Diaplasis is the setting of a Limb out of joynt . Diaplasma is an Ointment or Fomentation . Diapnoe , the same with Diaphoresis . Diapyema , the same with Empyema . Diapyetica are Medicines which ripen the Pus , or Crass snotty Matter . Diaria febris , the same that Ephemera . Diarrbaea is a looseness in the Belly which Ejects several Bilious , Pituitous , and other faeculent Excrements . Diarthrosis is a good constitution of the Bones , whereby they are apt to move easily and strongly ; such as is in the Arm , Hands , Thigh , Foot , &c. Diastole is the Dilatation of the Heart , when the Blood flows into it , from the place where it is accended , the Lungs . Diateretica is part of the art of preserving Health , which is various according to the Age and Constitution of Men. Diathesis is the Natural or Praeternatural Disposition of the Body , whereby we are inclined to perform all Natural Actions , ill or well . Dichophyia is a fault in the Hair , when it parts . Dicrotus is a Pulse that beats twice . Didymi are twins . Dies Critici , see Critici dies . Digastricus is a double-bellied Muscle , which arises from the Process called mammiformis , or like a Teat , and ends in the inner middle part of the Chin , and draws it downwards . Digerentia , or praeparantia , are those things which change the qualities of fermenting Heat , which resist Action . Digestio Chymica , a Chymical Digestion , is when things are Digested by an Artificial heat , just as they are naturally in the Stomach . Digestiva , see Digerentia . Dilatatio is when any Passages or Receptacles in the Body are too much distended , as in Veins that swell with Melancholy , corrupt Blood in the Temples , Legs , &c. Dilatatorium is a Chyrurgeons Instrument wherewith the Womb or the Mouth is dilated or opened . It is called likewise Speculum , because by it one may see into the Mouth , or Womb. Dilutum , the same with infusio . Dinus the same with Vertigo . Diota is a Vessel that surrounds a thing ; so called from its Two Ears , which Environ both Arms , applyed to its sides : its Inferior part is made like a Cupping-glass , upon which an Alembic is put , wherein there is a Channel at the top which serves to pour Liquor in and it has besides two crooked Noses conveniently placed , which convey the Condensed Humor from the Head of the Instrument into the Cucurbite . Dioptra is an Instrument whereby one may see into the Matrix , otherwise called Dilatatorium , wherewith the Womb is dilated and enlarged in the extraction of a dead Faetus out of it , or in inspecting any Ulcers that are in it . Diplasiasmus is a Reduplication of Diseases : also Two Muscles of the Arm , which serve to turn it about . Diploe is the lower thin plate or shell of the Scull : also a double Vessel usual with Chymists . Diploma , the same with Diploe : sometimes it is taken for a complicated or folded cloth . Dipsacus , the same with Diabetes . Dislocatio , the same with Luxatio . Dispensatorium , a Dispensatorie , is a Book useful for Apothecaries , wherein all Medicines , at least the most usual , are contained , and prescribed ; that they may be prepared in the Shops all the Year round . Dispositio is an Habit whereby we are well or ill disposed to perform an Action . Dissimilares partes , Dissimilar parts , are such as can be divided into various parts different from one another ; as the hand into Veins , Muscles , Bones , &c. Dissolutio is when Electuaries and Powders are mingled and dissolved in water or a decoction . Distentio is when parts are puffed up , dilated , or relaxed by any thing , as the Guts by Wind , raised from Effervencies within them , whence Oppressions and Pains frequently proceed . Distorsio is when parts are ill placed , or ill figured . Distributio Chyli , the Chyle is distributed when after a due fermentation in the Ventricle and the Guts , it soaks into the little Teats in the Intestines ( which Dr. Willis calls the Glandulous Tunic ) and passing through the Lacteal Veins , and its proper Channel along the side of the Thorax , at last falls into the Subclavian Vein , that it may Circulate with the Blood , and receive its Colour . Districheasis is a double row of Hair on the Eye-lids . Dieuresis , is a Secretion of the Urine by the Reins ; which is done after this manner : there are little Glandules placed near the Emulgent Arteries , wherewith the Serum is separated from the Blood , and is conveyed by little Channels ( of which the substance of the Reins does principally consist ) to the Carunculae Papillares , little Pappie pieces of Flesh , thence to the Pelvis , the Basin , thence to the Ureters , thence to the Bladder , and so out of Dores . Diuretica , are those Medicines which by parting , dissolving , and funding the Blood , do precipitate the Serum by the Reins to the Bladder . Dodecadactylum is the first of the small Guts , beginning from the Pylorous of the Stomach , and ending where the Gut jejunum begins : it is so called , as if it were the length of Twelve Fingers , which yet is never observed in any men amongst us ; perhaps the Ancients mistook from inspecting the Guts of some Brutes . Dogmatica Medicina , or rational : Hippocrates was its first Author , and after him Galen ; who both added reason to experience . Dolor , Pain , the same with Algema . Dolor Nephriticus , the same that Nephritis . Dorsum , or Tergum , the back , is the hinder part of the Thorax ; The Dorsum , back , of the Hand or Foot , is their out-side . Dosis is a set quantity of Physick , or as much as is given at once . Dothien is an hard swelling , or push , as big as a Pigeons Egg , accompanied with a grievous Pain , and proceeding from thick Blood . Dracunculus is a Ulcer which eats through a Nerve it self : also , a long sort of Earth worm , white , plain , but not very broad ; which frequently grows to Indians Legs . Drachma , a Dram , is the Eighth part of an Ounce , it contains three Scruples . Drastica are the most ready Medicines . Dropacismus is that wherewith all the External Members being extenuated , loosened , cold and moist , are anointed ; and it is either Simple or Compound : the Simple is made of a little Pitch melted with Oyl : The Compound , besides that , has Pepper , wild Pellitory , Brimstone , and Rosemary-seed in it ; and if there be occasion for drying , they add Natural Brimstone , as it is digged out of the Earth , Salt , and the Ashes of Vine-branches : but if it be to Vellicate , then you must add Euphorbium , ( a Tree first found by King Juba ) it is made up in different Forms ; sometimes like an Emplastrum , other times like a Cataplasme . Dropax , the same that Dropacismus . Ductus bilarius , see Porus bilarius . Ductus Chyliferus is a Vessel , in the lower part whereof , all the Lacteal Veins , and many Lympheducts are terminated : it arises about the Glandule of the Kidney on the left side ; and ascending along the Thorax near the great Arterie , ends at the Subclavian Vein on the left side ; it is furnished with several Valves , that the Matter which ascends by it , may not fall down again : betwixt the Fourth and Sixth Vertebre it is variously forked as Nature has been pleased to sport . It s use is to convey the Chyle and the Lympha from the lower parts to the Heart . Ductus pancreaticus , is a little Channel which arises from the Pancreas or Sweet-bread , which is inserted into the Guts near , or not far off the passage which conveys the Bile ; it runs with a Lymphatic juice , which it discharges into the Gut Duodenum , to ferment and volatise the Meat from the Acid ferment of the Stomach , and the mixture of Gall : The Learned Dr. Graaf knew how to get a juice out of it , that was something Acid ; though other Physicians doubt of it , and of certain Diseases which the Excellent Sylvius Attributes to the Effervescence of this Acid Pancreatic juice , with the Gall in the Duodenum . But we Affirm , That there is sometimes an Acid juice found in it , and often a salt and austere ; but frequently an insipid volatile Liquor . See my Antomie Reformed . Chap. 11. l. 1. Ductus Roriferus , so the Noble Bilsius calls it ; the same with Ductus Chyliferus . Ductus Salivares , or Salivarii , are passages which proceeding from the Maxilarie Glandules , goes as far as the Jaws and sides of the Tongue , where they emit the juice we call Spittle , which conduces to the better chewing and swallowing of solid Meat , and something to its Fermentation too . Ductus Thoracicus , see Ductus Chyliferus . Ductus Umbilicalis , see Funiculus . Duodenum intestinum , the same with Dodecadactylon . Dura Mater , see Mater Dura . Dysaesthesia is a difficulty of , or fault in sensation . Dyscrasia is an unequal mixture of Elements in the Blood , or Nervous Juice . Dyselces is one who is troubled with Ulcers that are very hard to be Cured . Dysenteria is a Loosness , accompanied with Gripings in the Belly , wherein bloody and purulent Excrements , and Membraneous pieces of the Intestines too are Excerned , always or very frequently attended with a continual Fever , and a Drought . Dysepulatica are great Ulcers , beyond Cure . Dysodes is any thing that swells ill , as Excrements . Dysorexia is want of Appetite , proceeding from an ill disposition of the Stomach . Dyspathia is an Impatient Temper . Dyspepsia is a difficulty of Digestion , or Fermentation in the Stomach and Guts , whereupon the Nourishment is often turned into Acidity , and smells ill . Dysphonia is a difficulty of Speech , from an ill disposition of the Organs . Dysphoria is an Impatience in Suffering . Dyspnaea is a difficulty of Breathing , which proceeds from vitiated , obstructed , or irritated Organs . Dystherapeuta , are Diseases of difficult Cure . Dysthimia is a sickness of the Mind . Dystichia is a double row of Hair on the Eye-lids . Dysthriachisis is a continual defluction of Tears , from the pricking of Hairs in the Eye-lids , which grow under the Natural Hairs . Dystocia is a difficulty of bringing forth ; or a preternatural Birth ; as when the Faetus comes forth Obliquely , Transverse , or with its Feet foremost ; or when the Passages are straitned by Inflamation , or otherwise ; or when the Faetus is very large , weak , fat , or dead . Dystrichiasis is when the Hairs grow inverse . Dysuria is a difficulty of Urine , proceeding from an ill disposition of the Organs , or from an Obstruction of them by the Stone , Gravel , or Viscous Clammy Humours , accompanied with an heat of the Urine .

E. ECbolica are Medicines which help the Delivery in hard Labour . Also Medicines which cause Abortions . Eccathartica , see Cartharticum . Ecchyloma , the same with Extractum . Ecchymoma signifies Marks , and Spots in the Skin , from the Extravasation of Blood . Ecchymosis , the same with Ecchymoma . Eccope , the same with Extirpatio . Ecchoprotica , the same with Catharticum . Eccrimocritica are signs from particular Excretions . Eccrisis is a Secresion of Excrements . Eclegma , or Linctus , which the Arabians call Loch , and Lohoch ; others Illinctus , is a Medicine applyed inwardly , of a middle consistence , between a Syrup and an Opiate , made up of several Pectorals against the Distempers of the Throat , and the Lungs . Eclipsis is a Defection of Spirit . Eclysis is when the strength is a little decayed , proceeding from a want of sufficient warmth , and spirits in the Body . Ecphracticum is a Medicine good against Obstructions . Ecphraxis is a taking away of Obstructions in any part , by opening cutting Medicines . Ecphysesis is a breathing thick . Ecphysis is a Process that coheres with the Bone . Ecpiesma is a juice squeezed out : also dregs which remain of any thing that is squeezed : likewise a fracture of the Scull , wherein the broken parts press upon the Meninges or Skins of the Brain . Ecpiesmus is a very great Protuberance of the Eyes . Ecplexis is a fright or Stupor . Ecpneumatosis , see Exspiratio . Ecptosis , the same that Luxatio . Ecpuctica are condensing Medicines , see Incrassantia . Ecpyema , the same with Empyema . Ecpyesis , see Ecpyema . Ecrythmus is a Pulse which observes no method , nor Number incident to any age . Ecstasis , an Ecstasie , is a commotion of the Mind : also a dimotion of any thing from the state wherein it was , into another . Ecthlimma is an Ulceration arising from a violent compression in the Surface of the Skin . Ecthymata are Pimples , or certain breakings out in the Skin , as the small Pox , &c. Ecthymosis is a Commotion and Intumescencie of the Blood : also a chearfulness of mind . Ectillotica are Medicines which consume Callous parts , and pull out hairs . Ectropium is a growing of the Eye-lids , when the lower is shorter than the upper . Eczemata are red hot , and burning Pimples ; some take Hydroa for Eczema , but 't is a mistake . Effervescentia is an Intestine Motion of Particles of different nature and qualities , tending to sudden Destruction ; sometimes attending with heat , and a flame , as in unquenched Lime , Hay laid up moist , Chymical mixtures , &c. Egestio , the same with Dejectio . Elastica vis , is an Explosion of Animal Spirits , as is frequent in Cramps , Convulsions : also an Intestine Commotion of the Air. Elaterium is the Juice of wild Cucumbers made up in a thick and hard consistence : also any Medicine that purges the Belly . Elctica , see Attrahentia . Elcus , see Helcus . Electuarium is a Confection of Simple Ingredients , Paps or Pithes , Gums mixed with Syrup , or Honey , of a Consistence like a Conserve ; and it is either Simple , or Compound ; the Simple consists onely of the Pith of Cassia , Tamarinds , or Pruines ; but the Compound , for the most part of several Simple Ingredients , Pulps , condensated Juices , Gumms , &c. made up with Honey or Syrup . Electuaries are Digestive , Loosning , Purging , Strengthning , Alexipharmic , &c. Elementa , or Principia , are the Simplest Bodies that can be , which are neither made of one another , nor of any thing else , of which all things are made , and into which they are ultimately resolved . There are Five Elements , Spirit , Salt , Sulphur , Water , and Earth ; the two last whereof are called Passive , the rest Active . Others reckon Three only , Salt , Sulphur , and Mercury ; but not so well . The Peripateticks reckon Four , Fire , Air , Water , and Earth . Cartesius supposes a First Matter , a Second , and a Third ; but all those Elements are compounded of others ; wherefore to say , that any thing consists thereof , is as if one should say , That a Tree is compounded of a Root , Trunc , Branches , Leaves , Flowers , &c. Eleosaccharum , is nothing but Distilled Oyl , mixed with Sugar . Elephantiasis Arabum , of which the Greeks speak nothing , but the Arabians do frequently , is a kin to a varix , or crooked swelling in the Veins ; and proceeds from thence , and is only a Tumor in the Feet . Avicenna Treats of this Distemper , where he speaks of the varices : yet Rhases differs from him , and Haly Abbas follows the Greeks ; who says , That an Elephas is a Disease , which corrupts all the Members of the Body , and is as it were an Universal Cancre : but neither is he consistent with himself when he Writes , That Ulcers in the Legs and Feet are called Elephas ; and that Elephanticus Morbus is an Aposthume proceeding from Melancholy , in the Legs and Feet : and a sign of it , is that the shape of the Foot is like the figure of an Elephant . All the rest Treat separately of a Leprosy , and an Elephantia , and make the latter to be a swelling of the Feet , proceeding from Melancholy and Pituitous Blood , and the crooked swelling of the Veins , whereby the Feet resemble the Feet of an Elephant in shape and thickness , and this sort of Tumor is often seen in Beggars who wander much . Elephantiasis Grecorum , which the Arabians call a Leprosie : it is called also Elephas , Elephantiasis , and Elephantia , from an Elephant ; as some think , because it makes People big like an Elephant : which is a foolish notation of the Word ; for the Body is no bigger , though the Disease be . Others think it so called , because the Distemper lying in the Legs , makes them stiff and equal , like an Elephant : or because 't is a strong vehement Disease like an Elephant ; with such like stuff . Galen in his Fourteenth Chapter of Tumors says , That this Disease is called Saturiasmus , when it first begins , because it makes the face like that of a Satyr . For the Lips are thick , the Nose swells , the Ears decays , the Jaws are red , the Forehead is set with Tumours , like so many horns . Though others think it is called Saturiasmus , because the Persons Affected are much inclined to Leachery at the beginning , as Satyrs are . Celsus Describes it thus , The whole Body , says he , is so affected , that the very bones may be said to be Corrupted : the upper parts of the Body are full of Spots and Tumours , the Redness whereof is gradually turned into Black : the top of the Skin is unequally Thick , Thin , Hard , Soft , Rough , as if it had Scales on it ; the Body decays , the Bone , Calves of the Legs , and Feet swell : when the Disease is old and inveterate , the Toes and Fingers are hid in the swelling , and a small Fever arises which easily consumes a man loaden with so many Infirmities . Elevator , the same with Elevatorium . Elevatorium , so called from lifting up , is a Chyrurgions Instrument wherewith Sculls that are depressed are raised up again . Elixir , so called from the Arabic Word Elecschir , or Elieschir , or Eleschus ; is the Essence of any thing Extracted with the Spirit of Wine , or something of that Nature ; it is the same that a Tincture . Elminthes are little Worms bred in the Guts ; especially that called Rectum , the lowermost . Elodes is a continual Fever , wherein the Patients are almost melted through moisture . Elythroides , or Vaginalis , is the second proper Tunic which mediately involves the Testicles . Embrocatio , the same that Embroche . Embrocha , the same that Embroche . Embroche , an irregulation , or instillation , is a sort of Fomentation , when a Liquor is distilled from on high , like Rain , upon a part , which is either done by a Vessel with a Nose that inclines , or by distillation , or out of an Ewer . First , it is used in Distempers of the Brain , where the Liquor is first poured upon the Suturs called Coronalis , and is permitted to run by that called Sagittalis . Secondly , it is applyed to the top of the Spinal Marrow , in Diseases of the Nerves , and is permitted to run down the whole ridge of the Back . Thirdly , it is used to warm or dry the Ventricle , and the Liquor is suffered to run through the whole Abdomen ; and if the Bowels be weak , they apply a Sear-cloth of Santalum ( some English it Sanders ) to the Liver , when they apprehend it may be over-heated . The matter whereof these Embroches are made in common Bathe water , a Decoction , Milk , and Oyl , according as the Distemper of the part , and necessity require . Embryon is the Rudiment of a Child in the Womb. Embryatomia is an Anatomical Dissection of a Faetus . Emetica or Vomitoria , are Medicines which with their Pungent Particles contract the Fibres of the Stomach upwards , and so Eject at the Mouth whatsoever is offensive to the Stomach ; they are made of Decoctions , Tinctures , and Infusions , &c. and therefore for the most part are Liquid . Emetologia is a description of things that provoke Vomiting . Emmenagoga are Medicines which excite the Courses . Emmoton is a Liquid Medicine , which is injected into Ulcers , with a little Instrument which they use in Wounds , fashioned like a Man's Yard . Emollientia , softning things , are such as with a moderate heat and moisture , dissolve the parts , which before cohered close , and dissipating others , make them loose and soft . Empasma , the same with Catapasma . Emphraxis is Obstruction in any part . Emphractica , the same with Emplattomena . Emphysema is an Inflamation , proceeding from an Effervencie , or otherwise . Emphyton Thermon , is the innate heat , or heat first sown in the Faetus from the Parents Seed , which afterwards , when Respiration is begun , and the Faetus subsists of it self , decays by degrees . Both Philosophers and Physitians call this heat an innate and native Spirit , and say that it consists of Three parts , of a primogenial moisture , an innate Spirit and Heat . Whence Fernelius defines innate heat , to be a primogenial moisture every way qualified with an innate spirit and heat : but these toys of the Ancients are nothing to us ; for 't is certain , that Heat belongs onely to new-born creatures . Empirica Medicina , quacking , is Curing the Sick by guess , without reason . Acron Agrigentinus was the first Author of it , who neglecting the reasons of things , contented himself with bare Experience . Quacks first flourished amongst the Aegyptians ; from this Trade came Mountebanks . Emplastica , the same with Emplattomena . Emplastrum a Plaister , is a Medicine applyed outwardly to the skin , spread upon Linnen , or Leather ; it is commonly made of Oyls , or of those things which are of a like consistence with Oyl ; as Swines-grease , Butter , Slimie viscous extractions from Gums , Roots , &c. also of Powders and Wax , or those things which are of a like consistence with Wax ; as Rosin , Pitch , Gum , &c. the Mass whereof being yet hot , is formed into a Cylindriacal Figure . Emplattomena , or Emplastica , are Salves which so constipate and shut up the pores of the Body , that Sulphureous Vapours cannot pass . Empneumatosis is an alternate dilatation of the Chest , whereby the Nitrous Air is continually breathed in , and by the Wind-pipe , and its Bladdery parts is communicated to the Blood to accend it : but if we inspect the matter narrowly , Inspiration does not seem to depend principally upon the Thorax , but upon the contraction of the Membrane which covers the Wind-pipe , the upper part of the Gullet , and the Nostrils ; for take this away , and you take away the motion of the Chest , the Lungs , and the Abdomen . Emprosthotonos is the continual Contraction of the Muscles of the Neck towards the fore-parts . Empyema , properly so called , is a Collection of Purulent Matter in the Cavity of the Thorax ; but largely taken , signifies the same in the Abdomen too . Empyreumata are little Feverish remains after a Crisis : also that thick Viscous Matter which subsides to the bottom in Distilled Waters . Emulgentia vasa are the Arteries and Veins which pass under the Reins . Emulsio , an Emulsion is a Medicine to be Drunk , made of the Kernel of some Seeds , infused in a convenient Liquor . Emuncteria are Cavities into which something is emptied , as the Pituitous Humour of the Brain into the Nostrils ; the yellow thickish Humour , which we call Ear-wax , into the Ears , the Excrements into the Bowels ; the Urine into the Bladder , &c. Enarthrosis is joynting , when the Cavitie that receives is deep , and the head of the bone that 's inserted is Oblong ; as may be seen in the Hucclebone , and its Cavitie ; in the principal Bone of that part of the Foot which immediatly succeeds the Leg , with the Bone call'd Cymbiforme , or like a Boat . Enaemen is a Medicine which stops the Blood , or which by binding , cooling , or drying , closes the passages of the Vessels which were open , stops or diminishes the fluidity and violent Motion of the Blood . Enaeorema is that crass Substance which is suspended in the middle of Urines . Encanthis is the Caruncula Lachrymalis , or an Excrescence & Swelling of the inner angles of the eye . Encathisma , the same with Insessus . Encephalos is whotsoever is within the compass of the Scull : as the Brain , the Cerabellum , the Oblongated Marrow , &c. Encharaxis , see Scarificatio . Encheiresis Anatomica , is a readiness in Dissections ; when an Anatomist shews the parts of a Carcase dexterously . Enchymoma is an Afflux of the Blood , whereby the External parts are rendred black and blew ; as in the Scurvey , Blood shot Eyes , & e. also an Afflux of Blood , by the quickness and suddenness of its Motion , as in Anger and Joy . Enchyta is an Instrument wherewith Liquids are instilled into the Eyes , Nostrils , or Ears . Enclysma , the same that Clyster . Encope is an Incision of any part , as in a Gangrene . Encranium , the same that Cerebellum . Endeixis is an indication of Diseases , whereby is shown what is to be done : as for Example , a Plethora , too much fullness of blood , indicates the opening of a Vein . Endemius , or Morbus Vernaculus , and Communis , is a Disease which always infects a great many in the same Country , proceeding from some cause peculiar to the Countrey where it reigns . Such is Scurvie to the Hollanders . Endemus , the same with Endemius . Enema , the same with Clyster . Energia is an agitation or operation of the Animal Sp●rits and Blood . Engizoma is a blow upon the Skull , wherewith the bone descends to the inner Membrane of the Brain , and presses upon it . Also an Instrument which we use in such like cases . Engonios is the bending of the Arm or Leg. Ensisormis Cartilago is the lowest part of the Brest bone , pointed like a Sword . Entera are long Membraceous Winding-pipes , annexed to the Mesenterie , that they be not confounded with one another ; and they are six ( unless you reckon the Gullet , the Stomach , and the Bladder amongst the Intestines , which I should not stand upon , since they have the same substance , and almost the same action ) the Gut Duodenum , Jejunum , Ileum , Caecum , Colon , and the Rectum ; the Three uppermost are called small Guts , the lower great Guts , they are clothed with Four Tunics ; the outermost is Membranous , which arises from the Paeritoneum : The Second is Fibrous or Fleshie , whose Exteriour Fibres are long , the Interior round , placed upon one another at Right Angles : The Third is Nervous , and contains the meetings of both Lacteal and Sanguinarie Vessels , to which there inwardly adheres a Fourth Tunic , which is Glandulons , or rather of a pappie Substance , whereby the Chyle is imbibed and communicated to the Milkie Veins . The Intestines , for the most part are about six times as long as the Man whose they are . Some take Lactes to signifie the small Guts only ; others take them for fat Guts , as particularly Persius . Enterenchyta is a Clyster-pipe , which is also called Siphon , and Syringa . Enterocele , or Hernia Intestinalis is the fall of the Intestines , especially of the Ileum , through the Processes of the Peritoneum Dilated , into the Groins or outer skin that covers the Cods . Epacmastica is a Fever that continually grows stronger . Epaphaeresis is an iterated Phlebotomie . Epar , see Hepar . Eparmata are Tumors of the Glandules called Parotes , behind the Ears . Ephaebeum is the place from the Hypogastrium , or lower part of the Abdomen , to the Secret Parts . Ephelscis is that Bloody substance which is brought up in spitting of Blood : also a shell or crust that is brought over Ulcers . Ephelis is a dewie Spot , we call it a Freckle , which proceeds most commonly from Sun burn ; they grow especially in Spring and Summer , and chiefly in those who have very thin Skins ; but about Winter they disappear again : they are about as big as Flea-bites , and often disfigure the whole face . Ephemera , or Diaria , is a continued Fever which lasts but a day , arising from a Commotion and Accension of the fine parts of the Blood : if it last above a day , it is called Synochus Simplex . Ephialtes , or Incubus , the Night-mare , is a depraved Imagination , whereby people asleep fancie that their Wind-pipe is oppressed by some superincumbent body , that their breath is stop'd , and they are excited to Venerie : this proceeds from a compression of the Cerebellum , when the Ventricles are too full of moisture : or , if those who are thus Affected lye upon their backs , then the whole bulk of the Brain lies upon the Cerebellum , whereupon all the Pores and Passages being stopped by so much weight , the Spirits are hindred from Influencing the Nerves , called par vagum , and the Intercostal Nerve , which being thus destitute of Spirits , the Lungs are oppressed , and flag , and cannot perform their Office . Ephidrosis is Sweating . Ephippium , or Sella Equina , or Tursica , is part of the Bone Sphenoides , wherein the Pituitarie Glandulae is placed . Epiala is a continued Fever , wherein the Patient feels both Heat and Cold at once . Epialtes , the same with Ephialtes . Epicarpium is a Medicine applyed outwardly , like a Plaister or a Cataplasme , applied to the Pulse or Wrist of the hand to drive away intermitting Feavers . Epicauma is a Crustie Ulcer that sometimes happens to the black of the Eye . Epicerastica are Medicines which obtund and temperate sharp Humours . Epicheiresis , the same with Encheiresis . Epicolicae regiones , or Laterales , or Lumbares . Glisson calls that part Epicolica which lyes upon the parts of the Gut Colon : whence it has its Name . Epicrasis is a gradual Evacuation of ill Humors in the Bood . Epicrisis is a judging of a Disease . Epicrusis is a percussion of the soft parts , with light Ferula's , an usual Custome amongst the Japaneses . Epicyema is a Superfaetation , which rarely happens . Epidemius is a common Disease , proceeding from a common Cause , spreading it self over divers Countries , at divers times ; such are the Plague , Malignant Fevers , &c. the reason is , that the Nitre of the Air , with other particles that are in it , acquire the Vertue of an Arcenic , or a Sublimate , as we see in making Sublimates ; for the Particles of which that consists , if they be given severally , are not so destructive ; but taken together , they make a deadly Poyson . Epidermis , see Cuticula . Epedesis is the Injection of a Ligament , to stop the Blood . Epidesmus is a tying of Swathes underneath . Epididymis , or Paristata , in Latin Supergeminalis , and it is a winding Vessel , making a Figure like the winding of crooked Vessels that are swoln with ill Blood , and is affixed to the back of the Testicles : it s greater Globe is annexed to the Testicles , consisting of one Vessel or Passage above five Ells long : the lesser Globe is connected to the Vessel that carries the Seed . Epigastrium is the fore-part of the lowermost Belly , whose upper part is called Hypochondrium ; the middle part Umbilicalis ; and the lowermost Hypogastrium . Epigennema is that which happens to a Disease like a Symptome : also the order of parts in Generation , which is done successively . Epiginesis , the same that Epiginema . Epiglottis is the Fifth Cartilage of the Larynx , the cover of the opening of the Wind-pipe : it is also , called Sublinguium . Epigonatis is the Whirl-bone of the Knee . Epilepsia , or Morbus Caducus , because that the persons Affected fall down on a sudden : or Herculeus , because it is hard to be cured ; also Lues Deifica , Sonticus , Comitialis , Sacer , &c. and it is an Interpolated Convulsion of the whole body , which hurts all Animal-Actions , proceeding from an Explosion of Animal Spirits in the Brain , whereby the persons Affected are suddenly cast upon the ground . This Explosion arises either from an irritation or pricking in the Spirits : or when something Heterogeneous is intermixed with the Animal Spirits . Epilogismus is the Vote of Physitians . Epinyctides are Pimples that send forth matter , and are painful , especially in the Night . Epiparoxismus is when a Patient endures more Fits in a Fever than usual , which happens in inordinate Fevers . Epiphaenomena are signs which appear afterwards in Diseases . Epiphisis , Appendix , Adnascentia , Additamentum , signifie one Bone that grows to another by simple and immediate Contiguity , though not with so even a Surface , but with some kind of ingress of one Bone into the Cavitie of the other , like that Coarticulation wherewith the Bones form the Joynts , but without any Motion . Epiplasma , the same with Cataplasma . Epiplocele is a Rupture when the Cavile falls into the outward Skin of the Cods . Epiplocomistae are fat big-bellied Men , who have fat huge Cawls ; which Writers say , has sometimes hindred Conception in Women ; and therefore they are named Cawl-bearers . Epiplomphalum is a Navel Rupture , when it juts out by reason of a swoln Cawl that is fallen down . Epiploon , Omentum , or Reticula , the Cawl , is a cover spread over the Intestines , arising from the bottom of the Ventricle , and the back of the Gut Colon ; to wit , from the doubling of the Peritonaeum ; it is shaped like a Net , or a Fowlers Bag ; and abounds with several Sanguinary Vessels . It s use is to cherish the Stomach , and the Guts with its fat . Episarcidium , the same with Anasarca . Episemasia is the very time that a Disease first seizes a Person , and is properly called Significatio . Epision is the place of the Secret Parts , or Aqualiculus . Episphaerid are windings and turnings in the outer substance of the Brain , that the Sanguiferous Vessels may pass more securely . Epispastica , the same with Attrahentia . Epistomia are the utmost gapings and meetings of Vessels . Epistropheus , or Cardo , is the second Vertebre of the Neck ; so called from turning , because the Head turns upon it . Epithema is a Medicine applyed outwardly to the more Noble parts of the body , especially to the Heart and Liver . Epneumatosis , the same that Expiratio . Epomis is the upper part of the Shoulder , called also Acronium . Epomphalum is a Plaister , or any such thing applyed to the Protuberances of the Navel . Epsema is a Decoction of new Wine till half be boyled away . Epulis is an Excrescence in the Gums which reaches the farthest Axel-Teeth ; so that it hinders the opening of the Mouth . Epulotica the same with Cicatrizantia . Erodentia are Medicines which gnaw and prey upon the Flesh , with their Acute Particles . Erpes , see Herpes . Errhinum , barbarously called Nasale , is a Medicine which being made like a Pyramid , is put up the Nostrils , and cleanses the Brain of Viscous Humours , especially without sneezing : and it is either Liquid , Soft , or Solid . The Liquid is made of the juices of Cephalic cleansing Herbs , Extracted by Wine or other Liquor , to which Spirit of Wine is sometimes added . Or of a Decoction of-fit Simples , to which are added sometimes Juices , Honey , Syrup , and Powders too . The soft is made of Powders , with Honey , Oyl , or Juices , boiled to a kind of Ointment . The Solid , is given either in form of a Powder , and that has place especially in Medicines which provoke sneezing ; or in form of a Pellet , and it is called Nasale , and is prepared of fit Powders mixed with Viscid Extractions from Seeds , Gums , Roots , &c. with Wax , or with Turpentine . Erysipelas , Wild-fire , is a swelling in the Skin , or any other Fleshie or Membraneous part , red , broad , not spreading high , nor beating , but attended with a pricking sort of a pain , arising from a sharp , and frequently a Sulphureous Blood . I take the cause of it not to be the Blood , but a serous sweating , which is sharp and sulphureous , and flows from the Fibres themselves . Erysipelatodes is a swelling like an Erysipelas , or a bastard Erysipelas . Erythremata are red spots like Flea-bites , common in Pestilential Fevers . Erythroides is a red Membrane of the Testicles , the first of the proper Tunlcs . Eschara is a crust or shell brought over an Ulcer , or ralsed with a Seering Iron . Escharoticum is a Seering Iron , Fire , or the like , which burns the Skin and Flesh into a crustie Substance . Essentia , Essence , in acurate speaking signifies the Balsamic part of any thing separated from the thicker matter , so that when ever this is done by means of Extraction , the Balsamic part is called Essence by way of Eminence ; otherwise sometimes , thickned juices are called Essences . But 't is better to call these by their own Name , to avoid Confusion . Some call Compounds of Oyl and Sugar , Essences : but it is an abuse of the word . Essentia Quinta , Quintessence , is a Medicine made of the entire Energetical and Active Particles of its Ingredients . Essere , Sora , & Sare , they are little Pushes or Wheals , something red and hard , which quickly Infect the whole Body with a violent itching , as if one were stung with Bees , or Wasps , or Flies , or Nettles ; yet they vanish after a little time , and leave the Skin as smooth and well-coloured as before . This Disease differs from an Epinyctis in this , that an Epinyctis Sweats out Matter ; but an Essere does not . Esthiomenos is a Winding Inflamation that consumes the parts : it proceeds from this , that the little Pappie Substance of the Skin , keeps a certain sharp Humour in it , which for want of Perspiration , corrupts and gnaws not onely the Skin with its Acrimonie , but the parts which are under it . Ethmoides is the Bone which resembles a Sieve , placed above the inner part of the Nose , and full of little holes to receive the Serous and Pituitous Humours from the soft Pappie Processes of the Brain . Evacuatio , Evacuation , is either of the Blood , when it abounds too much , as in a Plethora , where opening a Vein is requisite . Or of ill Humours in the Blood , and the Primae Viae , as they call them , which is done by Purging or Vomiting . Euchroa is a good colour and temper of the Skin . Euchymia is an excellent temper of the Blood . Eucrasia is an excellent temper of the parts of the Body . Euectica , the same with Gymnastica , or that part of Physick which teaches how to acquire a good Habit of Body . Euelces , one that is troubled with Ulcers , easie to be cured . Euexia is a good sound Habit of Body . Eugeos is the Womb ; so called from its Analogie to fruitful Ground ; the Hymen is also so called . Euodes is a sweet smell of Excrements . Euosma , the same with Euodes . Eupathia is an easiness in suffering . Euphoria , the same . Eupncea is a right natural Respiration . Eurythmus is an excellent natural Pulse . Eusarcus , one that is well fleshed . Eusema is a Crisis excellently well judged . Eustomachus is a good Stomach ; as also Meat convenient for it . Euthanasia is a soft easie passage out of the World . Euthyporos is a strait Gate . Euthropia is a due Nourishment of the Body . Exacerbatio , see Paroxysmus . Exaltatio , or Sublimatio , is an Operation whereby a thing being changed in its natural qualifications , is elevated to an higher degree of Vertue and Substance ; or it is a Subtilizing of things by gradually Dissolving them , and Exalting them into a purer and higher degree of their own qualities : and it is done either by Circulation , or Ablution . Exanastomosis is an opening of the Extremitie of Vessels . Exanthema is a certain Efflorescenae upon the Skin of the Head , like those which appear in the skin of the whole Body ; it is described two ways by Senertus ; one is , that at least it changes the colour of the Skin , as in continued Malignant Fevers ; wherein the skin is spotted as with Flea-bites ; the other is , when certain little swellings break out in the Skin , which may be called Papillae . Exarthrema , the same with Luxatio . Exceptio is the Incorporation or Mixture of dry Powders with some moisture or other ; thus Electuaries are made , Powders and Pulps are mixed with Honey , or Syrup : and the powder of Pills with Syrup , Honey , Wine or Juice . Excrementa , Excrements are whatsoever is separated from the Aliments after Concoction , and is to be thrown out of the Body ; as the moisture in the Mouth , Spittle , Snot , Milk , Bile , Sweat , the Wax of the Ears , the Excrements of the Belly and Bladder . Exelcismus is a bringing of the Bones from the surface downward . Exercitatio is a vehement and voluntary Motion of Humane Body , attended with an Alteration in Breathing , undertook either for preserving , or acquiring Health . Excercitium is a Motion whereby the Body is agitated in order to Health ; and it is Threefold . 1. What proceeds onely from things Extrinsic ; as in Riding , Navigation , &c. 2. What proceeds partly from other things , partly from those who are moved , as in Gladiators , and Wrestlers . 3. What comes from those onely who exercise , as in walking , and the Ball ; and best of all in Hand-ball : the end of Exercise is Threefold likewise ; either Heat , Sweat , or Breath , and this is sufficient . Exomphalos is a Protuberance of the Navel , common to Infants . Exophthalmia is a protuberance of the Eye , out of its natural Position . Exostosis is a Protuberance of the Bones out of their Natural place . Expiratio is an Alternate Contraction of the Chest , whereby the Air , together with Fuliginous Vapours is expelled by the Wind-pipe ; the cause of Expiration does not seem to consist in the contraction of the Chest , but in the Relaxation of the Tunic of the upper part of the Gullet , and the Wind-pipe ; for take that away , and you take away the Motion of the Chest , and Abdomen . Explosio is an action of the Spirits , whereby the Nerves are suddenly Contracted ; the reason is , That some Heterogeneous Particles are mixed with the Animal Spirits , or that they are driven into a confusion , like Gun-powder out of a Gun . Expulsio , the same with vis Expultrix . Expultrix vis , according to the Ancients , was that facultie which expell'd the Excrements : but we need not have recourse to those blind Faculties , since we know that this is performed by the Animal Spirits , which cause the Peristaltic Motion of the Guts . Exstasis is a depravation of the Judgment and Imagination , familiar to Mad and Melancholy Persons . Extasis , the same that Exstasis . Extirpatio is the cutting of a part , by reason of a Cancre , or Blasting ; it is best to cut it off Two , Three , or more Fingers breadths from the Joynt , unless the Mortification have reached the upper parts of the Arms , or Thigh ; for here we are forced to chuse the Joynt it self : it is a surer way to make the Excision in a sound part , though it be more painful . Extractio is a Separating of the subtle parts of a mixed Body , from the more gross : for Example , when the strength of any Medicine is Extracted by Spirit of Wine , that which is left after the Evaporation of the Menstruum is called the Extract . Extractum is that pure , unmixed , and efficacious Substance , which by the help of some Liquor is separated from the duller and more unactive parts . Exulceratio is a Solution of continued parts , proceeding from some gnawing Matter , and in soft parts of the Body , attended with a loss of their quantity ; it differs from an Abscessus in this , that an Abscessus is occasioned by a Crisis . An Exulceration is either great , little , broad , short , narrow , strait , transverse , winding , equal , inequal , deep , &c.

F. Facies Hyppocratica is when the Nostrils are sharp , the Eyes hollow , the Temples low , the Laps of the Ears contracted , and the Lobes Inversed , the Skin about the Forehead hard , and dry ; the Complexion pale , livid , of a leaden Colour , or Black . Facultas is an action in Man , which is performed , either by the Body alone , or by both Body and Mind : Faculties are either Natural , which depends upon the Cerebellum : or Animal , which depend upon the Brain . The Ancients made three Faculties , Natural , Vital , and Animal : but the Vital belongs to the Natural . Faeces , see Excrementa . Falx is a doubling of the Dura Mater , like a Sickle , annexed below to the Third Cavitie whereby the Brain is divided into the right and left Hemisphere . Fames , Hunger , is either Natural , which is a desire of Food , when an Animal from a Vellification of a Nerve of the par vagum , and the Intercostal in the Stomach , which proceeds from an Acid Humour , carried thither by the Caeliac Arteries , or Glandulous Tunic , is excited to seek for Food as a Remedy to allay that Vellication ; or it is praeternatural , which is either depraved , as longing in Women with Child ; or it is a Canine Appetite , want of Appetite , &c. Fames Canina , see Cynedes Orexis . Farciminalis Tunica , the same that Allantoides . Fascia , a Swathe , is a long Band , moderately broad , which Chyrurgeons use : Swathes are wound up ; long , and all of a breadth ; others are cut , which are indeed of one piece of Linnen , but that cut either at the ends , or middle : others sewed together , which consists of Swathes and Thongs of several ends , and like several Swathes . Others are longer , some shorter ; and others broader , some narrower . Fasciatio is a binding of Swathes about a Limb that is to be Cured . Fasciculus , see Manipulus . Fastidium Cibi , the same that Anorexia . Fauces and Frumen , the same that Pharynx . Favus , see in Achor . Febris a Fever , is an inordinate Motion , and too greatan Effervescence of the Blood , attended with Cold first , and afterwards with Heat , Thirst , and other Symptoms , wherewith the Animal Oeconomie is variously disturbed . Fevers in general are divided into Intermittent , Continued , Continent , and Symptomatical . Scotus in his Magick assures us , That the Blood in a Fever has Worms in it . Feculae are Dust that subsides in the squeezing of certain Vegetables , as in Brionie , Ramp , &c. Fell , see Bullis . Femur , and Femen , the Thigh , the part from the Buttocks to the Knee ; it is so called from bearing , because it holds up , and sustains an Animal ; it consists but of one Bone , but that the greatest and longest in the whole Body , whose External and fore part is gibbous or rising ; but the Internal hinder part flat and bending . Grammarians make Femen to be the hinder fleshy part ; and Femur the former outward part . Fermentatio is an Intestine Motion of Particles , or of the Principles of any Body , tending to Perfection , or a Change : and it is either Natural , which comes of its own accord , as in Natural Actions ; or Artificial , which we make , as we see in Beer , Wine , Bread , &c. Ferulae are little light chips or planes , which are made of different Matter , according to the nature and necessities of the places to which they are applyed , as of Barks of Trees , of the Bark of the Herb Sagapene , in Latin Ferula ; whence they have their Name : they are made of Firr , Paper glewed together , Leather , &c. which are applyed to Bones that have been loosened , or disjoynted , after they are set again . Fibra Auris , the same with Lobus Auris . Fibrae , Fibres , are little , round , oblong Vessels ; and are either Musculous or Nervous : the Nervous are such as have no Valves , and by which the Spirits flow conveniently from the Nerves to the several parts : the Musculous Fibres receive the Blood from the Arteries , and discharge themselves into the Veins , and have a great many Valves , they are called long , round , or oblique from their Scituation ; some small threads interwoven with Trees and Leaves are called Fibres too : and so are the small threads which stick to their Roots . Fibula , the Ancients mention them ; for if there be a Wound in the Flesh , says Celsus , that gapes , and cannot easily be closed , it is improper to sew it , you must apply a Fibula ; but because this way of closing the gaping of Wounds , by Fibula's was so usual amongst the Ancients ; they have not been at all sollicitous in describing either their Matter or Form . Guido tells us , That they made these Fibula's of Iron Circles as it were , or Semi-circles crooked backward on both sides , the hooks whereof being fastned on both sides to the gaping Wound , answered exactly one another ; but since this must be an unsupportable pain to the poor Patient , it is hardly credible , that they meant any such thing by their Fibula's . The Opinion of Fallopius is more probable , who tells us , That is was onely a sowing up the Wound with a Needle and Thread , which is commonly used at this day . Sanctorius writes thus , We need not Discourse much of Fibula's , since the use of them is almost out of dores ; and though the Ancients have not described them , yet they forbear not to acquaint us how to use them ; as Argenterius falsly imagines . For not onely Physicians but some of the Ancients knew the form of them , since Cern . Celsus has informed us . That Fibula's as well as Sutures were made of a Needle-full of soft untwisted silk or thread , wherewith they sowed the gaping Lips of the Wound together . Some call Acia , or this needle-full of Thred , Vinculum , Ligatura , Colligatio , Obligatio , Ligamentum ; all which signifie tying or binding . Whoever would be farther informed in this particular , may consult the Incomparable Rhodius in his Discourse about Acia . Fibula is the lesser Bone of the Shank , it seems to joyn the Muscles of the Leg like a Button , or Clasp , in Latin Fibula ; it is the hinder bone betwixt the Knee and the Foot , smaller than the other Bone , called Tibia , and fastned outwardly to it ; as the Bone called Radius in the Arm is to the Cubit : its round head does not extend as far as the Knee upward , but downward , it goes farther than the other Bone called Tibia , and therefore is altogether as long a Bone as the Tibia . They part in the middle , because the Muscles of the Feet are placed there ; in which interval , a slender broad Ligament joyns them together lengthways . It is joyned likewise to the Tibia with a common Ligament above and below ; as it tends acutely downwards it has an Appendix belonging to it , which growing thicker and thicker , makes a Process , called Malleolus Externas . Ficus are Excrescencies about the Fundament and other parts , like Figs ; if they grow big , then they are called Ficus , or Sycoses . Filtratio is the Percolating any Liquor through a woollen Cloth , or course Paper . Filtram is a woollen Cloth , or blotting Paper , through which Liquors are strained to Clarifie : as through a Manca Hippocratis , a Wine-sack which draws Wine from the dregs . Fissura ossis is a fracture of a Bone lengthways . Fistula is a strait long Cavity , or a winding , narrow and callous Ulcer , of difficult Cure ; proceeding for the most from an Aposteme . Fistula's differ from winding Ulcers in this , that Fistula's are callous and hard , but Ulcers are not . Fistula Lachrymalis is when the Punctum Lachrymale , the little hole in the bone of the Nose , through which the Liquid Matter passes to the Nostrils , is grown hard and callous , from an Ulcer of a Caruncula , Glandules placed at the greater corners of the Eye , by which means there happens a continual Defluxion of Tears . Fistula Pulmonis , the same that Aspera Arteria . Fistula Sacra , is that part of the Back-bone which is Perforated . Fistula Urinaria , the same with Urethra . Flatus are Effervescencies excited in the Body from wind let in , or from Flatulent Meats , or from the Bile and Pancreatic juice mixed together , whence wind and noise . Flores Chymici are the Subtiler parts of the Body separated from the grosser by Sublimation , in a dry Form . Fluor Albus , or Fluor Uterinus , is a continual Evacuation of corrupt Humors from the Womb , or the Pores in the Vagina . Fluor Muliebris , see Fluor Albus . Fluor Uterinus , the same . Fluxio , the same with Catarrhus . Fluxus Chylosus , the same with Caeliaca passio . Fluxus Hepaticus is a kind of Dysentery , wherein black shining blood , and too long rosted as it were , is driven out of the Guts by the Fundament : it is sometimes taken for a Dysentery wherein serous sharp Blood is evacuated . Focile Majus is the greater Bone of the Cubit called Ulna ; or the greater bone of the Leg called Tibia . Focile Minus is the lesser Bone of the Cubit called Radius ; or the lesser bone of the Leg , called Fibula . Focus is some place in the Misenterie and other parts , whence they formerly deduced the Original of Fevers . Fodina is the less Labyrinth in the bone of the Ears . Faecula signifies a Powder which subsides to the bottom in certain strainings of Vegetables ; for it is prepared of some green , washed , and pared Roots beat together , with a little water , then strained , that there may subside a white sort of Powder which is to be dryed lightly . Faetor oris , a stinking Breath , procceds from the filth about the Teeth , and Gums : sometimes from the Lungs , and a Consumptive or Scorbutic Blood . Folliculus Fellis is a little Bladder fastned to the Concave-part of the Liver , which receives the Bile , which in proper time empties it self into the Gut Duodenum , by a Ductus , or Passage called Cheledochus . Fomentum , that which applyed to the Body cherishes and warms it ; and it is Twofold , either wet , or dry ; the latter is a Decoction applyed to several parts of the body for to cherish it , by the help of a linnen , or wollen Cloth , a Spunge , Bladder , &c. Fontanellae , Issues , are little Ulcers which Chyrurgions make in sound parts of the Body , to Evacuate bad Humors , Cure Diseases , or prevent them . Issues are made either with an Actual or a Potential Seering-Iron , with a Lance , and a pair of Scissers : You must always observe to make Issues betwixt two Muscles . Fonticuli , the same . Forceps is an Instrument wherewith dead and corrupt parts , ( also things besides , or against Nature ) are seised , cut off , or pulled out ; they are of several shapes , as long , crooked , with Teeth , with Beeks , in fashion of an half Moon , such as will open the Mouth , or the Womb ; and by which you may see into either of them ; which according to the difference of their shape , are of different use . Forfex is an Instrument to pull out Teeth with . Formula is a Physitians Prescription , which the Apothecaries prepare accordingly . Fornix is the Callous Substance of the Brain ; so called , because it seems to sustain the Cavities of the Ventricles , and the bulk of the impending Brain , like an Arch or Vault . Fotus , the same with Fomentum . Fovea Cordis , the same with Anticardium . Fractura Ossis , the breaking of a Bone , is a Solution of the Continuum in the hard parts of the Body , which is done by a hard External Instrument , forcibly impell'd upon the part ; the differences whereof are taken from the Form , the Part , and the Accidents of it . Fraenulum is a Membraneous Ligament under the Tongue ; in new-born Children , it sometimes spreads over the whole under side of the Tongue , that the Midwife sometimes is forced to pull it asunder with her Nails ( which yet ought not to be allow'd of ) or the Chyrurgion with his Pen-knife . Froenulum , or Froenum penis , is a Membrane which tyes the fore-skin to the Nut of the Yard . Frons , the forehead is the upper part of the Face . Frontale is an External Medicine , frequently applyed to the Forehead , for a pain or heat in the Head : it is made for the most part of Herbs , Flowers , Seeds , Meal , moistned with Vinegar of Roses . Fumigatio Chymica is an erosion of Metal by smoak , or Vapour . Functio , the same that Aclio . Funda Galeni is a Swathe divided into Four parts ; useful in Accidents that happen to the Jaw-bone . Fungus is soft spongie Flesh which grows upon Wounds . Funiculus , Intestinum , Laqueus , or Ductus Umbilicalis , the Navel-string , is a Membraneous Channel or Conduct in a Faetus which reaches from the Navel to the Placenta in the Womb ; it contains Two Arteries , one Vein , and the Urinarie passage in the Faetus . Furcale os , the same with Furcula . Furcula Superior is the upper bone of the Sternum , or Breast-bone , others call it Jugulum . Furcella , the same that Furcula . Furfuratio is when Dandriff falls from the Head in Combing ; it comes for the most part from that skin which is under the Hair ; also from the Beard , and Eye-brows . Furnuss , a Furnace , is a place where a Fire is conveniently kept for Chymical uses : and it is either open or covered . Furor the same with Manea . Furor Uterinus is an unseemly Distemper , which is wont to seize upon Maids ; especially those of riper Years , and sometimes Widows too . They who are troubled with it , throw off the Veil of common Modesty , and Decency , and Delight onely in lascivious , obscene Discourses : they covet a man greedily , and even furiously , and omit no inviting Temptations that may induce them to satisfie their desires . The cause seems to be in the Seminal juice , which being Exalted to the highest degree of Maturity , drives the Maids into a kind of Fury ; which is conspicuous every year in some Bruits ; as in Cats , Bulls , Bucks , Does , Harts . There is another Distemper akin to this , which the Ancients called , the Fervour of the Womb , or the Matrix , when the whole substance and body of the Womb is extream hot , accompanied with a pain and heaviness of the Loyns ; a roughness by the growth of Hair , Loathing , and a suppression of the Urine , and Excrements : and the Woman all the while covets to be laid with , but by reason of pain is still afraid of it . Furunculus a Boyl , is an acute swelling , as big as a Pigeons Egg , attended with an Inflamation , and Pain , especially when it begins to Corrupt , and Putrifie : when it is opened , and the Matter let out , part of the Flesh underneath is turned into Corruption , of a whitish , and reddish Colour , which some call the Ventricle of the Furunculus : there is no danger in it , though you apply no Remedy to it ; for it ripens of it self , and bursts ; but the pain makes it more Elegible to apply a Remedie , because that frees the Patient sooner from his trouble . Fusio is a melting with heat .

G. GAllactophori , are Ductus's which carry Milk , convey the Chyle ( as some Modern Authors have fancied ) a streight way from the Guts to the Glandules of the Breasts : yet the Arteries were more properly so called , because they carry the Chyle along with the Blood to the Breasts , wherein Milk is reserved for the use of the Faetus . Galactopoietice Facultas is nothing but an Aptitude to sequester Milk in the Breasts : of the seParating of Milk . See in the Word Lac. Galenica Medicina , is that Physick which is built upon the Principles of Galen , and therefore they are Galenists who embrace the Foundation of their Art , which are fetched from Galen and the Philosophers , proved by Reason , and confirmed by Experience . Galea is a pain in the Head , so called from the likeness of the place , because it takes in the whole Head , like an Helmet ; in Latin Galea . Galea is likewise when the Head of the Faetus is clothed with part of the Membrane called Amneos , as it comes into the World . Galreda , or Gelatina , Gellie , is a Thickned , Viscous , and Lucid Juicie Substance ; it is commonly made of the Cartilaginous parts of Animals boiled , as of Calves Feet , &c. Ganglion is an Humour in the Tendinous and Nervous parts , procecding from a Fall , Stroke , or otherwise ; it resists if stirred , if pressed upon its side is not diverted , nor can be turned round . Gangraena , a Gangrene , is a Cadaverous Corruption of a part , attended with a beginning of Stink , Blackness , and Mortification . Gargareon , See Cion . Gargarisma , a Gargarisme , is a Liquid Medicine which cleanses the Mouth , and the Adjacent parts by Gargling , without swallowing ; and it is either a Decoction , wherein convenient Syrups are dissolved , or distilled Waters mixed with Syrups , and sometimes with Mineral Spirits . Gastrocnemium is the Calf of the Leg , whence its Muscles are called Gastrocnemii , from their swelling like a belly . Gastrocnemii Musculi , see Gastrocnemium . Gastroepiploica is the Vein and Arterie which goes to to the Ventricle and the Cawl . Gastrorhaphia is a Connexion or a Suture in the wounds of the Abdomen . Gaudium is a cheerfulness proceeding from the apprehension of some good obtained , or to be obtained . Gelatina is almost the same with Galreda , but that is of a more general signification , and is taken for any Pellucide Glutinous Juice , which used first to be made of the juice of Fruits , as of Apples , &c. as the Gellie of Quinces , &c. Gena Mala is part of the Face from the Nose to the Ears . Also the Chin , the Jaw-bone , which is either upper or lower . Generatio is a natural Action , whereby an Animal begets another like it of the same Species , of convenient Seed , in Generation ; the first thing we see is a red Speck , which is clothed with a little bladder , next a little Heart , whence Veins and Arteries flow , at the Extremitie whereof you see the Viscera , the Bowels , &c. afterward the whole Faetus is formed and cloathed with Membranes ; before Generation the Seed of the Male being cast into the Womb , enters and prepares its Pores , afterwards sweats out a Viscous Substance , like the white of an Egg , which moves the Egg out of the Testicles and Tubes ; for the Womans Eggs are impregnated by the influence of the Seed , are emitted out of the Testicles , and received by the Fallopian Tubes . Genioglossum is a pair of Muscles proceeding inwardly from the Chin under another pair called Geniohyoyides , and are fastned in the Basis of the bone Hyoides . Geniohyoides are Muscles reaching from the internal and lower Seat of the Chin to the Basis of the Bone Hyoides , which is placed at the Basis of the Tongue . Gercomia is a part of that part of Physick called Hygieina , or Preservation of health , which teaches the way of living for old Men. Gingipedium , the same with Scorbutus . Gingiva , the Gums , is a hard spurious sort of Flesh , which surrounds the Teeth like a Rampart , and in people that want Teeth helps to the chewing their meat , which being either eat out , relaxed , or too dry , the Teeth shake or fall out . Ginglymus is a Conjunction of Bones , when the Head of one is received into the Cavitie of another , and again the head of this into the Cavity of that . Glacialis Humor , see Humoris Oculi . Glandula , a Glandule , is a Substance of a peculiar nature , fleshie , white , or gray , and Friable ; and it is two-fold , adventitious , as those Kernels which are sometimes under the Arm-holes , and in the Neck , the Kings Evil ; a swelling in the Larynx and middle of the Wind-pipe , &c. or perpetual and natural , as the Thymus , Pancreas , Glandula , Pinealis , &c. the perpetual is again Two-fold , either Conglobated in one entire piece , which sends the separated Humour into the Veins , as the pituitarie Glandule , the Pinealis , the Glandules of the Mesenterie , of the Groins , &c. or Conglomerated in a cluster , which convey the juice by their own Channels into some notable Cavities of the body , as the Pancreas , the Glandules of the Breast , the Salival Glandules , &c. Glandula Guidonis is a Tumor like a Glandulae , soft , single , Movable , without Roots , and separate from the adjacent parts . Glandula Pinealis , see Conarium . Glandula Pituitaria is a little body in the Sella Equina , a place in the Brain so called , covered over with the Rete mirabile in many Brutes , but not in Man ; it receives the serous Humour from the Infindibulum and the Rete Mirabule ▪ which it sends into the Jugular Veins , and the Lymphatic Vessels . Glandulosum Corpus , the same with Prostata . Glans , the same with Balanus and Suppositorium . Glaucoma is a fault in the Eye , or a Transmutation of the Chrystaline Humour into a gray or sky-colour . Glaucosis the same with Glaucoma . Glene the same with Pupilla : also the Cavitie of a Bone which receives another within it . Glenoides are two Cavities in the lower part of the first Vertebre of the Neck . Globulus Nasi is the lower Cartilaginous moveable part of the Nose . Glossocomium is a Chyrurgions Instrument for broken Limbs , so called from the shape of a Merchants little Casket which was formerly carried upon the back . Glottis is the Chink of the Larynx which is covered by the Epiglottis . Gluten says Avicen is a Secundary Humour , and is so called , when that dewie Humour is Agglutinated to the parts : there were reckoned four of them , Humor Innominatus , that had no name : Ros Glutea , and Cambium ; but those Names are now out-dated . Glutei are six Muscles which move the Buttocks , on each side three . Glutia are two Prominences of the Brain , called Nates . Glutos is the greater Rotator ( an Apophysis in the upper part of the Thigh-bone so called ) of the Buttock , and the Thigh-bone named Trochanter , Gomphoma , the same that Gomphosis . Gomphos is when the Pupil of the Eye going beyond a little skin of the Tunica uvea is like that swelling of hard Flesh in the corner of the Eye , called Clavus . Gomphosis , or Conclavatio , is when one Bone is fastned into another like a Nail , as may be seen in the Teeth . Gonorrhaea is a too great Effusion of Seed : and it is either Simple , when Crude thin Seed , which is not white neither , is Emitted , and that rather from the Prostates then the Seminarie Vessels : or Virulent , when a Poysonous liquid Substance , of a white or yellowish Colour , is Ejected . Gramma , the same with Scrupulus . Graudo , see Chalasia . Granum , a Grain , is the least weight we use : they take instead of it sometimes white Pepper Corns , twenty make a Scruple . Graphoides is a Process like the Pen for a Table-book , about the Basis of the Brain it inclines backward . Gravedo , the same with Coryza . Gula , see Pharynx . Gumma Gallicum is the eating out a Bone in the French Pox. Gurgulio , the same that Cion . Gustus , the Taste , is a Sense whereby the Soul perceives the Taste of things from the Motion of the Nerve inserted into the Tongue and Palate for that purpose . Gutta rosacea is a redness with Pimples wherewith the Cheeks , Nose , and whole Face is deformed , as if it were sprinkled with red drops : these Pimples or Wheals often increase , so that they render the Face rough and horrid , and the Nose monstrously big . Gutturis os , the same that Hyoides os . Gymnastica , the same that Evectica . Gynaecia in general are the Accidents incident to Women ; but Hippocrates . takes them more strictly for the Courses . Gynaecomastum is a growing of the Breasts . Gynaecomystax is a Tuft of Hair at the upper part of a Womans Secrets ; from this some take their estimate of the temperament of the Womb and the Testicles .

H. HAbitus , the same with Hexis . Haematosis , or Sanguification , depends principally upon the Fermentation , Dissolution , and Union of Particles ; to wit , Spirit , Sulphur , and Salt ; especially , upon the inspiration of Nitrous Air , which accends the Sulphureous Blood in the Lungs . Sanguification is performed in all the parts of the Body , and not in any peculiar part , as the Heart , Liver , or Spleen . Haemodia is a great pain in the Teeth , which proceeds from Acid and austere Particles , which penetrate the Pores of the Teeth ; whence the Nerves being Vellicated and Contracted , cause pain . Haemophobus is one who fears to be let Bood . Haemoptysis is the Spitting up of Blood from the Lungs , which proceeds either from a sweating out at the Glandules of the Larynx . with which its Tunic is clothed within ; to wit , when the openings of the Arteries are too much Relaxed : or from some great Vessels that are broke , or out of the little Bladers of the Lungs themselves . Haemorrhagia is a Flux of Blood at the Nostrils , Mouth , or Eyes . Haemorrhoides are swelling Inflamations in the Rectum , or about the Fundament , red and painful , which sometimes send forth Blood or Matter . Haemorrhoidis vena , is a Branch of the Vena Portae , the great Vein of all , extending to the Rectum and the Fundament . Halo is a red spot of flesh which surrounds each N●pple in the Breasts . Hama , when a Dose is took off at once . Harmonia is a joyning of Bones by a plain Line ; as may be seen in the Bones of the Nose and Palate . Haustus , or Potio is a Liquid Medicine taken inwardly , made into one Dose , of several Ingredients , mixed with a suitable Liquor , by Decoction , Infusion , or Dissolution , to Purge , alter , or Sweat . Hectica is a continued Fever arising from the very habit of the body , and introduced in a long time , and has so rooted it self into the very Constitution that it is infinitely difficult ever to Cure it : for the most part it is accompanied with an Ulcer of the Lungs , Leanness , and a Cough . Hedisma is any thing that gives Medicines a good scent . Hegemonicae are the principal Actions in Human Body , as the Actions Animal and Vital . Helcydria are certain little Ulcers , thick and red , in the skin of the Head , like the Nipples of Breasts , which send forth Matter . Helctica , see Attrahentia . Heliosis is a Sunning . Helix is the Exterior brim of the Ear , so called from its Winding . The Interior is called Scapha . Helminthes , see Elminthes . Helodes , see Elodes . Helos , or Clavus , is a round , white , callous swelling of the Foot , like the head of a Nail , and fixed in the Roots of the hard Skin of the Foot . Haelesis is a reflexed inversion of the Eye-lid . Hemeralopia , or Acies Necturna , is when one sees better in the Night than in the Day . Hemicrania is an Head-ach in either part of the Brain . Hemina Italica is a Measure containing half an Attic Sextarie , and nine Ounces : So much is a Cotyla Attica , and a Cotyla Italica is Twelve Ounces . Hemipagia , the same that Hemicrania . Hemiplegia is a Palsie on one side below the Head , proceeding from an Obstruction in one part or other of the Spinal Marrow ; or from a blow ; whence it comes to pass , that the Animal Spirits are Obstructed in their passage . Hemiplexia , the same that Hemiplegia . Hepar , the Liver , is a Parenchymous Substance placed under the right side of the Diaphragme , considerably thick and big in a Man ; it is clothed with a thin Membrane , which proceeds from the Peritonaeum ; and is fastned to other parts with three strong Ligaments . 1. To the Abdomen , by the Navel-vein . 2. Upwards , to the Diaphragme , by a broad thin Membranous Ligament , on the right side . 3. To the Diaphragme likewise , by a round and exceeding strong Ligament , the Bladder of the Gall , and the Ductus Hepaticus are in the low flat part ; it is of a reddish Colour : its substance seems to be compounded of several Membranes and clusters , or Glandules joyned together like Concreted Blood , which I observed from frequently washing it . The Blood of the Spleen which is carryed thither by the Vena Portae does in some measure Ferment in the Liver , with the Arterious Blood , which the Caeliac Arterie affords , ( to wit , when after Nutrition it is discharged into the Veins again ) and dissolves the Contexture of the Blood ; whereupon its Saline Sulphureous Particles , which constitute the Gall , are Segregrated by the Glandulous Clusters , and conveyed to the Gut Duodenum by the Bladder of the Bile , and the Ductus in the Liver called Hepaticus . There are no Lobes in a Man's Liver ; but in Brutes it is divided into several . Portions , which they call Lobes , the Fibres of the Liver , &c. The Ancients believed , That the Chyle was elaborated and Sanguified in the Liver , whilest onely its bilious Recrements are separated there . Hepatica vena , the same with Basilica . Hepaticus Merbus is a Dejection of a watery sharp Blood , like the washing of Flesh , when the Nervous Juice , or Watery Blood , being not rightly Concocted , but sharp , is discharged into the Guts . Also when black , shining , dryed Blood is driven into the Gut : the Disease is so called , because they attributed Sanguification to the Liver . Hepiala , the same with Epiala . Herculeus Morbus , the same with Epilepsia . Hermephroditus is one of both Sexes : but they onely use the Womans Instruments , they are seldom Men , this abuse in Nature happens , when the Clitoris hangs out too far . Hermetica Medicina , which the Aegyptians falsly fetched from Mercury , refers the Cause of Diseases to Salt , Sulphur , and Mercury ; and prepares most noble Medicines , not onely of Vegetables and Animals , but of Minerals too . Hernia , or Ramex , is properly the falling of the Intestines , Cawl , &c. by the Processes of the Peritonaeum Dilated into the Groin : also , a Protuberance of the Navel . The falling down of the Womb is improperly so called ; swelling in the Larynx ; winding Tumours of the Spermatic Vessels ; Distentions from Flatulent Matter ; Watery Humours , or Swellings . Herpes , a spreading , and winding Inflamation , is Twofold , either Miliaris , or Pustularis , like Millet Seed , which seizes the Skin onely , and itches ; or Exedens , Consuming , which not onely seizes the Skin , but the Muscles underneath : The cause of it is , That the Glandules of the Skin are too much stuffed with salt Particles , which are kept there by others that are Viscous , whence proceed the little Ulcers like Millet Seed , that occasion an Itching in the Skin , which if the Peccant Matter abound ; they grow into a Crust , and eat the parts they lye upon . Heterocrania is a pain in one part or other of the Head . Heterogeneum is when any thing disproportionate is mixed with the Blood and Spirits , as in Fevers , Swimmings in the Head , Explosive Motions , and the Apoplexie . Heterorythmus is a Life unsuitable to the Years of those who live it ; as if a Young Man should live an Old Man's Life , and on the contrary : this Word is said of Pulses too , when in Diseases the Pulse beats diversly . Hexis is a Habit , or Habitude of Body . Hidroa are Pimples about the Secret parts , proceeding from a sharp Humour . Hydrocritica , are Critical Judgings of Distempers , taken from Sweating . Hidronosus is a Fever , wherein the Patient sweats Extreamly . The English call it the. English Swear . Hydros the same with Sudor . Hidrotica , things that provoke Sweating , are those which by Fermenting , and Attenuating parts penetrate the closest Pores of the Blood , cut into things , rarifie them , and turn them into a kind of Vapour , whatsoever they meet carry along with them , and drive it to the Surface of the Body ; where being condensed into an insensible Liquor , it makes its way out . Hiera Picra is an Electuary of Aloes , Lignum Aloes , Spikenard , Saffron , Mastick , Honey , &c. Hieroglyphicae Notae , are foldings and Wrinkles in the hand , from which vain curiosity pretends to predict strange things . Hippus is an Affection of the Eyes , wherein they continually shake and tremble , and now and then twinkle , as it happens in Riding . Hircu , Hirci , or Hirqui , the corners of the Eyes . Hirquus , the same with Canthus . Holippae are little Cakes or Wafers made of a Medicinal Infusion , with Wheat-flower and Sugar . Haeme●meres , see Similares Partes . Homogeneae Particulae , are such Particles as are Pure , Entire , Unmixed , and altogether like one another . Homoplata , Scapula , Spatula , Scoptula aperta , the Shoulder-blade , is a broad and Triangular Bone which constitutes the breadth of the Shoulder , thin , especially in the middle , but thick in its Processes , on each side one , lying upon the upper Ribs behind , like a Target ; it has Three Processes , Acromium , or the Shoulder point ; Carocoides , or Anchoralis ; and Cervix ; its use is to strengthen the Ribs , to joynt the Shoulder and Neck Bones , and to implant Muscles therein . Homotona is a continued Fever that acts always alike . Hora an Hour , signifies the determinate space of a Year with Hippocrates . Horaea are seasonable or Summer-Fruits , as Apples , &c. Hordeatum is a Liquid Medicine taken inwardly , prepared of Barley beat and boiled sore , with the addition of suitable and strained Liquors ; to which are frequently added Almonds , and the Seed of white Poppies , &c. Hordeolum , the same with Crithe . Horrifica Febris , see Phricodes . Horror is a Vibration and Trembling of the Skin over the whole Body , with a Chilness after it . Humectantia , moistning things , are such as can insinuate their moist Particles into the Pores of our Bodies . Humidum Primogenium may be properly called the Blood , which is seen in Generation before any thing else . Humores Oculares , the humours of the Eye , are Three : the Watery , which is contained between the Tunica Cornea , and Urea . 2. The Chrystaline , or Icie Humour , which is contained in the Tunica Uvea , and is thicker than the rest . 3. The Vitreous , or Glassy humour , bigger than any of the rest , fills the backward Cavitie of the Eye . Humores , the Ancients made Four Humours in the Blood , the Bilious , Pituitous , ( Yellow , and Black Choller ) Melancholic , and the Blood , properly so called ; and that according to the Four Peripatetic Elements : but this Opinion is Cashiered , since the invention of the Circulation of the Blood . Yet they are sound , when the blood preternaturally departs from its due Temperature ; but they do not constitute an integral part of the blood ; for the blood is onely one humour ; if otherwise , Tartar in Wine , and Dregs in Beer were constituent parts of Wine and Beer . In Blood that is let , there appear onely Three different species of bodies ; for in the Surface you see a kind of a Fibrous Crust of Coagulated Blood , which spreads it self over all the whole Mass ; then you see certain Red Particles amongst the Fibres , which grow black about the bottom , by reason of their fewness ; lastly , you see the Serum wherein it swims . But if any one will proceed more acurately , Distill the Blood , and Dissolve it Chymically , he shall find Five pure bodies in it : to wit , Spirit , Sulphur , or Oyl , Water , Salt , and Earth . There are Three General Bumours which wash the whole Body , Blood , Lympha , ( a sort of pure Water ) and the Nervous Juice ; but there are several particular Humors , as Chyle , Bile , Spittle , Pancreatic , Juice , Seed , &c. Humores in Secundinis , Humours in the Three Membranes that cloathe the Faetus in the Womb , are Three in those Animals which have Bladders : at the beginning , when the Eggs falls down from the Testicles into the Womb , the Humours which are to this purpose in the bottom of the Womb ; first sink into the Membrane called Chorion , and then into the Amnium : but in progress of time , when the Faetus is Formed , and the Navel Vessels are extended to the Chorion , and the Amnium , we imagine that the Nutritious Humour being received by the opening of the Veins , is carried to the Faetus , and thence by the Arteries some part of it is carried into the Amnium , as into the Childs Store-house ; so that at the said time , the Liquor of the Membrane Amnium may be encreased upon this double account . At last , when the time of delivery draws near , that way of Sweating through seems to cease , and the other onely to take place : unless ( as Wharton Writes ) The Nutritious Humour descend from the Placenta by the Navel-string , and by the little soft Protuberances thence pass into the Cavity of the Amnium : The use of these Humours is to nourish the Faetus at the Mouth . The Third Humour is the Urine , which flows from the Bladder by the Urinarie Passage , into the Urinarie Membrane . Hyaloides is the Vitrous Humour of the Eye , contained betwixt the Tunica Retina , and the Aven . Hybona is an Incurvation of all the Vertebres . Hydatides are little Watery Bladders in the Liver , Spleen , or some other Viseus , common to Hydropical Persons : also an increase of Fat about the Eye-lids . Hydatoides is the Watery humour of the Eye , contained betwixt the Tunica Cornea , and Uvea . Hyderos the same that Hydrops . Hydragia , see Venae Lymphaticae . Hydragoga are Medicines which by Fermentation and Precipitation purge out the Watery Humours . Hydrelaeum is a mixture of Water and Oyl . Hydrenterocele is a falling of the Intestines , together with Water , into the outward Skin of the Cods . Hydroa are certain little , broad , moist , itching Pimples , like Millet-Seed ; sometimes without itching , which render the Skin Ulcerous and rough : the occasion of them is , that Nature endeavouring to expel the sweat by the Skin , is hindred sometimes by its thickness ; so that the Matter being lodged there , and the Subtiler parts being either carryed back , by the Lymphatic Vessels , or Evaporated , the Skin swells . This Distemper is familiar and common to Boys , and Young Men ; especially of a hot Constitution , when they use too much Exercise in Summer ; it infects the Neck , Shoulder-Blades , Breast , Arms , Thighs ; yet more frequently the Secret Parts , and the Fundament . Hydrocele is a swelling of the outermost Skin of the Cods , proceeding from a Watery Humour . Hydrocephalum is a swelling of the Head , by reason of a Watery Humour , whence the Sutures of the Brain are forced asunder ; it proceeds sometimes from a Bursting of the Lymphatic Vessels . Hydromel , Mead , is a Decoction of Water , and Honey . Hydromphalum is a Protuberance of the Navel , proceeding from Watery Humours in the Abdomen . Hydrophobia is a Distemper highly Convulsive , accompanied with Fury , and shunning of all things that are Liquid , and Splendid ; sometimes with a Delirium , a Fever , and other Symptoms , not without great danger of Life , proceeding from a Bite of a Mad Dog , or a Contagion analogous to it . Hydropica are Medicines that expel the Watery Humours in a Dropsie . Hydrops is a Stagnation of a Watery Humour in the habit of the Body , or some other Cavity ; and it is either general , as an Anasarca and Ascites , to which some add a Tympany , but ill : Or particular , confined to one part , as a Dropsie in the Head , Breast , Hand , Foot , &c. of which in their proper place severally . Hydrops ad Matulam , the same that Diabetes . Hydrosaccharum is a Syrup boiled of Water , and Sugar . Hygieia is health , which consists in a good temperature , and right confirmation of Parts . Health is a disposition of the parts of humane body , fit for the performance of the Actions of the Body . Signs of Health are Three , due Actions , suitable Qualities , and when things taken in , and let out , are proportionable . Hygieina is that part of Physick , which teaches the way of preserving Health : some divide it into Three parts , Prophylactic , which takes notice of future imminent Diseases ; Synteretic , which preserves present health : and Analeptic , which recovers the Sick . Hygrocyrsocele is a branch of a Winding Vein swoln with ill Blood , accompanied with other Moisture . Hymen is properly a Membrane ; it is taken also for the Private Membrane in a Virgin , which arises from the wrinkling of the lower part of the Vagina ; and in Women with Child , when the Womb grows thicker , it disappears . Hyoides is a bone placed at the Basis of the Tongue . Hyothorides are Two Muscles of the Larynx , proceeding from the Bone Hyoides into the Cartilage called Scutiformis , like a Shield , and destined to contract , or shut up the opening of the Wind-pipe . Hypercatharsis is a Purge that works too much . Hypercrisis is a Critical Excresion above measure . Hyperephidrosis is a too great Sweating . Hyperoon are two holes in the upper part of the Palate , which receives the Pituitous humours from the Mammillary Processes ; and after they are sepatated , discharges them at the Mouth . Hypersarcosis is an Excrescence of Flesh in any part . Hypnotica are those things which by fixing the Spirits , by straitning and shutting up the Pores of the brain , cause Sleep . Hypochondriacha Affectio , see Hypochondriacus Affectus . Hypochondrium , or Subcartilagineum , is the upper part of the Abdomen , under the Cartilages of the Chest . Hypocondriacus Affectus , is a purely Flatulent and Convulsive Passion , arising from Flatulent and Pungent humours in the Spleen , or Sweet-bread which Afflict the Nervous and Membranous parts . Hypochyma is a depraved sight , whereby Gnats , Cob-webs , little Clouds , or such like , seem to swim before the Eyes : the cause of it seems to consist in turbid humours , or sometime in the Optic Nerves , whose little Pores are obstructed by the Matter that is thrust into them . Hypochysis , the same with Hypochyma . Hypocratis Manica , see Manica Hypocratis . Hypogastrium is the outermost part of the Abdomen , betwixt the Hypocondres and the Navel . Hypoglossis or Ranula is an Inflamation , or Exulceration under the Tongue : also a Medicine that takes away the Asperity of the Larynx . Hypophaulum is a vulgar Diet which observes a mean betwixt a plain and an exquisite Diet. Hypophorae are deep and Fistulous Ulcers which gape like Ulcers , and cavities in the Flesh . Hypophysis , the same with Hypochyma . Hypophthalmia is a pain in the Eye under the Horney Tunic . Hypopyon is a gathering of Matter under the Horney Tunic of the Eye . Hyposarca , the same with Anasarca . Hyposarcidium , the same . Hyposphagma is a blood-shot , from a stroak upon the Eye . Hypostasis Urinae is that thick Substance which generally subsides at the bottom of Urine . Hypothenar is the space from the fore to the little Finger . Hypothesis is the supposition of a thing . Hypozoma is a Membrane that parts two Cavities , as the Mediastinum in the Thorax . Hyposiloides , see Hyoides . Hysteralgia is a pain in the Womb , proceeding from an Inflamation , or otherwise . Hysterica Passio , Fits of the Mother , is a Convulsion of the Nerves of the Par Vagum , and Intercostal in the Abdomen , proceeding from a Pricking Irritation , or Explosion of Spirits : this Distemper does not always depend upon the Womb , as is commonly thought ; we have seen it more than once in Men , because the Spleen , Pancreas , and other adjacent Bowels , are often the cause of it . Hysterica are Medicines against the Diseases of the Womb. Hysterotomotocia , or Sectio Caesarea , is a cutting the Child out of the Womb , which is done thus ; You make a Semilunar Section under the Navel , along the White line , the cavity whereof looks towards the said Line ; then according to the leading of the Fibres , the Faetus being extracted after the Section , the wound in the Womb contracts of it self , so that the Blood scarce flows more plentifully than in a Natural Birth ; but if the Mother be dead , chuse the most convenient place you can . Hysterotomia is an Anatomical Dissection of the Womb.

A Catalogue of the Authors which have been consulted and made use of in this DICTIONARY . AVenzoar . Acta Societ . regiae in Anglia . AEgineta . Agellius . Agricola . Ammonius . F. ab Aquapendente Arantius . Aretaeus . Aristoteles . Asellius . Atheneus . Averrhoes . Avicenna . de Back . Bapt. Porta . Barbette . Casp . Bartholinus . Th. Bartholinus . Bauhinus . Beguinus . Beverovicius . Blasius . Bontius . Boyleus . Budaeus . Calepinus . des Cartes . Cardanus . Cassianus . Castellus . a Castro . Celsus . Charleton . Cicero . Columbus . Columella . Conringius . Cordus . Decker . Deusingius . Diemerbroekius . Dodonaeus . Ent. Erotianus . Euripides . Eustachius . Everhardi . Fallopius . Fannius . Fernelius . Foesius . Fontanus . Forestus . Galenus . Gemma . Glissonius . Gorrhaeus . de Gradibus . Grammatici . de Graef . Guido . Harvaeus . Helmontius . ab Heers . Herodotus . Herophilus . Hesychius . Hesiodus . Otto Heurnius . Joh. Heurnius . Higmorus . Hildanus . Hippocrates . Hoboken . Hofmannus . ab Hogelande . Hollerius . Homerus . van Horne . Horstius . Isidorus . Junius . Johnsonus . Kircherus . Krollius . Kyperus . Langius . Laurentius . Liddelius . L. de Bils . van der Linden . Lowerus . Marchette . Malpighius . Martialis . Massarias . Moebius . Mercurialis . Minsicht . Needham . Nicander . Oribasius . Ovidius . Owenus . Pacuinus . Paracelsus . Paraeus . Passeratius . Pavius . Pecquer . Philotheus . Piso . Pindarus . Pinaeus . Platerus . Plautus . Plempius . Plinius . Plutarchus . Pollux . Primerosius . Quercetanus . Regius . Renodaeus . Reusnerus . Rhodiginus . Rhodius . Riolanus . Riverius . Rolfinkius . Rondeletius . Roussettus . Reubekkius . Ruisch . Sala . Sanctorius . Salius Diversus . Saxonia . Scaliger . Schapula . Schenkius . Scheinerus . Schola Salernitana . Schroderus . Scultetus . Senguerdus . Sennertus . Severinus . Spigelius . I. Sylvius . D. Le boe Sylvius . Stenonius . Suida . Swaluwe . Swammerdam . Swelfer . Tertullianus . Tulpius . Valverda . Varro . Vesalius . Veslingius . Virgilius . Walleus . Wekkerus . Whartonus . Willisius . Wormius . Et alii plures .

I. JAnitor , the same that Pylorus . Ichor is a sulphureous and watery Humour which flows from Ulcers . Ichoroides is a moisture like Corruption . Icterus , the Jaundice , is a changing the Skin into a yellow Colour from an obstruction of the ductus choledochus , or the Glandules of the Liver , through the weakness , obstruction , or Schirres of the Liver , or because the Gall abounds more than can be conveniently excerned , so that it stays in the Blood . It takes its Name from 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , a Ferret , whose Eyes are tinged with the like Colour . Or from a Bird called Icterus of the same Colour , which the Latines call Galbulus , which if one sick of the Jaundice sees , says Pliny , the Party is cured , and the Bird dies . The Latines call it Regius Morbus , the Kingly Disease , because it is easily cured in Courts with the Pastimes and Divertisements there which cheer the Mind . It is also called a Suffusion of Gall. Idea morbi is the Propriety and Essence of a Disease . Idiopathia is a primary Disease , which neither depends on , nor proceeds from any other . Idiosyncrasia is a Temperament peculiar to any Body . Jecur , the same with Hepar . Jecur uterinum , see Placent alteri . Jejunum intestinum is the Second of the small Guts , so called , because it is frequently empty : The little glandulous Nipples in it imbibe the Chyle , and convey it to the Milky Veins . Varro calls it Hilla . Ignis actualis , actual Fire , is that which burns at first touch , as Fire it self , and seering Irons . Ignis potentialis , potential Fire , is a Medicine which after it has laid sometimes upon the part , exerts it self . Ignis persicus , the same that Gangraena : It is taken also for a Carbuncle . Ignis sacer , the same that Erysipelas : yet some take it for an Herpes . Ignis sylvestris , the same that Phlyctaena . Ignitio is Calcination made by Fire . I le is the Cavity from the Thorax to the Bones of the Thighs : Pliny observes , that all the Intestines in all Animals , except a Man and a Sheep , are called I le . Ilia are the lateral parts of the Abdomen , betwixt the last Rib and the secret Parts . Ilingus , see Scotomia . Ilium is the Third of the small Guts : It begins where the Jejunum ends , and ends it self at the Gut called Caecum : It is one and twenty Hand-breadths in length . Ilium , is a Disease , for the most part , of the Gut Ilium , and is called Volvulus , when the upper part of any Intestine is involved in the under , and on the contrary . Ilium os is part of the Bone Innominatum , without any particular Name : It is so named because it contains the Gut Ilium . It s Circumference is circular , the upper broadest , it is connected to the os Sacrum : The upper part of it is called Spina , the interior Costa , and the exterior Dorsum : It is larger in Women than Men. Iliaca passio , the same that Ilium Morbus . Iliaca vasa are those double forked Vessels of the Truncs of the great Artery , and the great Vein of the Abdomen , about the place where the Bladder and the Womb are scituate . Imaginatio the same with Phantasia . Imperfecta crisis , see Crisis . Impetigo Celsi , the same that Lepra Graecorum . Celsus makes four sorts . The most harmiess , says he , is that which is like a Scab , for it is red and harder , and exulcerated and gnawed : But it differs from it , in that it is more exulcerated , and is accompanied with speckled Pimples : And there seem to be in it certain Bubbles , from which after a certain time there fall , as it were , little Scales , and it returns more certainly . Another sort is worse , almost like a sort of Meezles , or hot Pimples in the Skin , but more rugged , and redder , and of different Figures : In this Distemper little Scales too fall from the surface of the Skin , and it is called Rubrica . The third sort is yet worse , for it is thicker and harder , and swells more , and is cleft on the top of the Skin , and gnaws more violently : It is scaly too , but black , and spreads broad and slow : It is called Nigra . The fourth sort is altogether incurable , of a different colour from the red ; for it is something white , and like a fresh Scar , and has pale Scales ; some whit●● , some like the little Pulse called Lintell , which being taken away , sometimes the Blood follows : Otherwise the Humour that flows from it is white , the Skin hard and cleft , and spreads farther . All these sorts arise especially in the Feet and Hands , and infest the Nails likewise . Impetigo some reckon the same with Lichen . Impetigo Plinii , Pliny's Impetigo is the same with Lichen Graecorum . Inappetentia , is want of Stomach , for want of Ferment in it . Inceratio is a mixture of Moisture with something that 's dry , by a gentle soaking till the substance be brought to the consistence of soft Wax . Incidentia , the same with Attenuantia . Incineratio is the reducing the Bodies of Vegetables and Animals into Ashes by a violent Fire . Incisores dentes , the same that Primores . Incisorii , the same with Primores . Incorporatio is a mixture whereby moist things are contemperated with dry into one Body , as into a Mass , therefore here is no lingring Nutrition , but as much moisture is added as is requisite to the consistence of the mixed Body , so that it becomes like a Pudding as it were ; whence it may be called also Impastatio , and in some things Subactio , a Kneading . Things thus incorporated must be left in a digestive Heat , that by mutual Action and Suffering they may get one temperature common to them both . Incrassantia , thickning things , are those which being endued with thick ropie parts , and mixed with thin liquid Juices , bring them to a thicker consistence by joining and knitting their parts . Incubus , see Epialtes . Incus is one of the Bones in the inner part of the Ear : It is like a Grinder , and lies under the Bone called Malleus . It has two Processes below ; one shorter , which leans upon the scaly Bone ; another longer , which sustains the top of the Stapes or triangular Bone , that bears upon the Cavity of the inner part of the Ear , whilst it immerges it self into the place called the Oval Window with a pretty broad Basis . Indicans is nothing else than something observed in the Body , upon whose account something is said to be done that ought to contribute thereunto . Indicantes dies are those days which signify that a Crisis will happen on such a day , which are therefore called indicant and contemplable : Such are 4 , 11 , 17 , 24. Indicatio is that which demonstrates what is to be done in Diseases , and it is threefold , praeservatorie , which preserves Health ; Curative , which expels a Disease that has already seized upon a Person ; and Vital , which respects the Strength and way of living . Indicatum is that which is signified to be done in order to the recovery of Health . Indices dies , see Critici dies . Indurantia , see Sclerotica . Indusium , see Amnios . Inedia is abstaining from Meat , when one eats less than formerly . Infimus venter , see Abdomen . Inflammatio , see Phlegmone . Inflatio is the distention of a part from flatulent matter . Infundibulum cerebri , the same that Choana . Infundibulum renum is the Pelvis or Basin through which the Urine passes to the Ureters and the Bladder . Infusio is an Extraction of the Virtue of Medicines with a convenient Liquor , which if it be purgative , it may be taken at once ; and to this the Name properly agrees . Inguen , is the place from the bending of the Thigh to the secret parts . Injectio intestinalis , the same that Clyster . Inium is the beginning of the oblongated Marrow , which is the common Sensory , because the Species which are received from the external Organs are conveyed thither by the Nerves . Innominata tunica oculi , the Tunic of the Eye that wants a Name , is a certain subtile Expansion of the Tendons from the Muscles which move the Eye to the circumference of the Iris or horney Membrane . Innominatum os , others call it os Coxae , or Ilium , is placed at the side of the os Sacrum , consisting of three Bones , Ilium , os Pubis , and Ischium , joined by Cartilages , and appear distinct by three Lines till seven years old , but grow all into one Bone at riper years . They are called also Cuneiformia , and Ossa Innominata , nameless Bones . Innominatus humor , or Insitus , is a secondary Humour , as the Ancients call it , wherewith they thought the Body was nourished : For those nutritious Humours they talked of are four ; Innominatus , Ros , Gluten , Cambium . Insania , or Amentia , Madness , is an Abolition or Depravation of Imagination and Judgment . Insessus is a Bath for the Belly , proper for the lower Parts , wherein the Patient sits down to the Navel . They are for several uses , as for easing of Pain , softning of Parts , dispelling flatulent matter ; and frequently for exciting the Courses . Inspiratio is an alternate Dilatation of the Chest , whereby the nitrous Air is communicated to the Blood to accend it by the Wind-Pipe , and its Vesicular parts . The cause of Respiration does not seem to consist only in the Dilatation of the Thorax , as is commonly thought , but in the Contraction of the Tunic which covers the upper part of the oesophagus , and the most close Recesses of the Wind-Pipe . Intellectus , is Cogitation , whereby a Man apprehends an Object : It seems to be transacted in the Corpus Callosum , from the expansion of Spirits there . Intemperies is a Disease which consists in inconvenient qualities of the Body , and these are either manifest or occult : The Manifest are either simple or compound ; the Simple is when one Quality is peccant ; as an hot , thin , hard , acid , salt Disposition , &c. the Compound is when more Qualities than one are peccant ; as an hot and salt , a cold and acid Disposition , &c. An Occult ill Disposition or Distemper is such as proceeds from some poysonous Qualities , as from the Air , from poysonous Animals , &c. It comes from the Air , when the Nitre in it becomes contagious by reason of standing stinking Waters , daily Droughts , Earth-quakes , &c. whence malignant pestilent Feavers , and Plagues themselves arise : For the Vapours being taken away , that which remains of the Air ( by reason of the Sulphur and Salt in it ) contracts an ill Savour , whereupon the Air and its Nitre degenerate from their due Temperature and Crasis . And I believe the same happens from very dry Grounds , for sulphureous and saline Particles intermix with the watery ones above , which render the Nitre of the Air sharp and pointed , like Arsenic , sublimated Mercury , or Aqua stygia , which being sucked into the Lungs do coagulate , and corrode the Mass of the Blood and make its Spirits vanish ; whence proceed Quinzies , Plurisies , Pestilential Swellings , &c. Intercalares dies , or intercidentes , which others call Provocatorii , are those Days wherein Nature , either by reason of the vehemency of the Fit , or some external cause , is excited to expel her Load unseasonably : Such are the 3d , 5 , 9 , 13 , 19. Intercidentes dies , see Intercalares . Intercus , see Anasarca . Inter for amineum , the same that Perinaeum . Intermissio febrium , see Apyrexia . Internuncii dies , see Critici dies . Intermittens morbus is a Disease which comes at certain times , and then remits a little . Intermittent Feavers , or Agues , proceed not from any fictitious Focus , but only from a wrong Assimilation of the Chyle . Inter scapularia are the Cavities betwixt the Shoulder-blade and the Vertebres . Intertrigo , or Attritus , is an Excoriation of the parts near the Fundament , or betwixt the Thighs ; or a Fleaing of the Skin proceeding from a violent Motion , especially Riding : It happens frequently to Children , that the Cuticula in their Thighs and Hips is separated , and as it were shaven off from the true Skin , which pains them so that it makes them restless . Intestina , see Entera . Involucrum cordis , see Pericardium . Jonthus , or varus , is a little , hard , callous swelling in the Skin of the Face . Iris is that fibrous Circle next to the Pupil of the Eye , distinguished with variety of Colours . Isatodes is a blew Bile , like the Herb Woad wherewith Cloth is died blew . Ischaema are Medicines that stop the Blood , which with a binding , cooling , or drying Virtue close up the opening of the Vessels , or diminish and stop the Fluidity and violent Motion of the Blood . Ischias is the Gout in the Hip. Ischium is the Hip , or Huckle-Bone . Ischophonus is a small Voice . Ischuretica are Medicines which thicken the Blood in difficulty of Urine , so that the Urine stops . Ischuria is such a Suppression of Urine in the Bladder that little or nothing of it can be discharged . Isthmus is that part which lies betwixt the Mouth and the Gullet , like a Neck of Land : Also the Ridg that separates the Nostrils . Ithmoidea ossa , see Ethmoides . Itinerarium is a Chyrurgions Instrument , which being fixed in the Urinary Passage shows the Neck or Sphincter of the Bladder , that an Incision may be more surely made to find out the Stone . Jugale os , the same that Zygoma . Jugularis vena is that Vein which goes towards the Scull by the Neck . Jugulum , the same that Furcula . Julap , see Julepus . Julapium , the same . Julep , see Julepus . Julepus is a Liquid Medicine taken inwardly , of a grateful taste and clear , made of a convenient Liquor with Syrup or Sugar without any boyling , and of the quantity of three or four Doses , to alter or refrigerate . A Julep consists commonly of one pound and an half of Barley-Water , or of distilled Waters , rarely of Wine , of the cooling Syrup of red Goose-berries , Berberies , Violets , &c. to which they commonly add some drops of Sulphur , Vitriol , Salt , &c. to give it a good taste . Juleb , whence the word Julepus comes , is a Persian word , and signifies a sweet Potion .

L. LAbia leporina are such Lips as by reason of their ill make will not come together , which some call rostra leporina . Labyrinthus is a Body full of windings and turnings , as may be seen in the inner part of the Ear , and in the outer surface of the Brain . Lac , Milk , is made by separating of Chyle from the arterious Blood by the Glandules of the Breast . Milk begins to be made for the most part after the going with Young , or a little before the Birth ; but it ceases in old Creatures , in those with Young , and in menstruous Persons . Lacertus , see Brachium . Lachrymale punctum is an hole made in the Bone of the Nose , by which the matter that makes Tears passes to the Nostrils ; if the hole grow hard and brawny from an Ulcer in one of the Glandules at the Corners of the Eyes , thence arises a Fistula Lacrymalis . Lachrymae are a moisture which is separated by the Glandules of the Eye to moisten the Eyes , which if it be too much so that it cannot be received by the Punctum Lachrimale , they fall from the Eyes and are called Tears . Laconicum , Caldarium , and Assa , or Balneum aereum , was formerly a Cellar without any Water , made to provoke Sweat , which was done by an hot Vapour , or a dry Heat included therein . Lactea vasa , see Vasa lactea . Lactes some take for the Pancreas , or for the Mesenterie , others for the Milky Vessels . Lactucimina , the same that Aphthae . Lactumia , the same that Achores . Lacunae are little Pores or Passages in the Vagina of the Womb , but no where greater than in the lower part of the Urinary Passage : There flows a certain serous pituitous matter out of these Ductus's which lubricitates the Vagina , and is looked upon as Seed ; it flows out in a great quantity in the Act of Coition . Lagochilus one who has cloven Lips , see Labia leporina . Lagophthalmus one who has Hares Eyes . Lambdoides is the backward Suture of the Brain , so called from its likeness to the Letter Λ Lambda . Lanceta is a Chyrurgions little Knife , streight , pointed , two-edged ; used in opening of Veins , cutting of Fistula's , opening of the Fundament , Yard , or Womb that is shut . Laqueus is a Band so tied , that if it be attracted , or pressed with weight it shuts up close : Its use is to extend broken or disjointed Bones , to keep them in their places when they are set , to bind the parts close together ; the differences of these Laquei , or Bands , are several , having their Names either from the Inventors , or from their Use , or from their likeness to or shape of any thing , or from the manner of lying , or their Effect , which unless they were here delineated , can scarce be understood by a bare Description . Laryngotomia , the same that Bronchotomia . Larynx , Guttur , according to Galen Larynx is properly the head or top of the Wind-Pipe , which consists of five Cartilages . The first pair is called Scutiforme , like a Shield , which constitutes the protuberance in the Neck called Adam's Apple : The second pair is called Annular , because it is round like a Ring : The third and fourth Cartilage some reckon but one , but if the Membrane be took off , it appears to be two , and is called Guttalis and Glottis . The fifth is called Epiglottis , which covers the opening of the Wind-Pipe at the top . It s use is in the Voice and Respiration . Lassitudo , see Copos . Lavamentum , the same that Fotus . Laudanum is meant only of a Medicine made of Opiate , and that they call an Opiate Laudanum , from its excellent Qualities . Authors give several descriptions of it . It allays the most unsupportable Pains , and stops any Flux . Laxantia , loosening Medicines , are those which with their benign Particles softning and scouring the Intestines cleanse them of their Excrements . Lenientia , the same with Laxantia . Leno and Linon is that part of the Brain called Torcular Herophili , that place where the third Cavity of the Meninx is joined to the first , second , and fourth . Lentigines , Freckles , are little Spots especially in Women , and chiefly in their Faces , but sometimes in their Hands , Arms , and the upper part of the Chest which is exposed to the Air ; the Skin is sometimes spotted thicker sometimes thinner with them , like as with so many drops , but without any Trouble or Pain ; in some they appear only in Summer , and disappear in Winter , in others they continue the Year round . Lepidoides is the scaly Suture of the Scull , see Mendosa . Lepra , a Leprosie , is a dry Scab , whereby the Skin becomes scaly like Fish : It differs from Leuce and Alphus , in that a Leprosy is rough to the touch , and causes an Itching ; for the Skin is the only part affected , and therefore that being flea'd off , the Flesh underneath appears sound and well . Lepra Arabum , the same that Elephantiasis Graecorum . Lepra Graecorum , or Impetigo Celsi , is the highest degree of Scabbedness ; but it must be observed , lest any should be gravell'd in the reading of Authors , that we here speak of the Leprosy of the Greeks , not the Arabians . That which the Arabians call a Leprosy is the Elephantiasis of the Greeks , which is nothing else than an Universal Canker of the whole Body . A Leprosy is a Disease proceeding from black Bile diffused through the whole Body , whence the Temperature , the Form and Figure , and at last the very Continuity of the Body is corrupted , and it is a Canker common to the whole Body . The Arabians call the Leprosy of the Greeks Albaras nigra , which is the same with a kind of Ring-worm or Tetter which fleas the Flesh , and is a rough violent Scab in the Skin , accompanied with Scales like Fish and itching . There is a greater Corruption of Humours in a Leprosy than in a Scabbedness , and from the latter there only fall little flakes like Dendriff from the Head , but from the former as it were Scales of Fish ; so that one passes from Itching to a Leprosy by the Scab . For Pruritus , or Itching , is a certain small Asperity of the Skin , wherein , unless you scratch very hard , nothing falls from the Skin : When it is grown to a scab the Humour is more apparent , and certain little Particles like Dendriff fall off , whether it be scratched or no. For in a Scab the matter is thinner , and at least preys upon the Surface of the Skin : But then in a Leprosy the matter is thicker , and not only feeds upon the Surface but the inner parts of the Skin . Celsus doubtless meant this Leprosy of the Greeks by the Word Impetigo , but not the Lichen of the Greeks , which some call Impetigo . Leptuntica are attenuating cutting Medicines , which part the crass and viscous Humours with their acute Particles . Lethargus , a Lethargy , is a Drowziness like another Disease causing an heavy sleep called Coma , accompanied with a Feaver and a Delirium ; and it is nothing else but an heap of too much or incongruous moist Matter within the Pores of the barky substance of the Brain . This Distemper does not seem to come of it self , but rather from the demigration of Feavers . Leuce is when the Hairs , Skin , and sometimes the Flesh underneath turns white ; the Flesh being pricked with a Needle is not sensible , nor emits Blood but a Milky Humour . It differs from Alphus in that it penetrates deeper and changes the Skin so that the Hairs are changed too . Leucoma is a white Scar in the horney Tunic of the Eye . Leucophagum is made of Almonds macerated in Rose-Water , and of Capon or Partridg boiled , bruised and strained through a Sieve made of Bristles : It is used in a Consumption . Leucophlegmatia is a pituitous Dropsy , or a Dropsy that has seized the whole Body . Lichen barbarously called Serpigo or Zerna , Halliabbas calls it Petigo and Sarpedo ; the vulgar Voliatica . Lichenes are certain Asperities of the Skin , and as it were Tumors , which itch much and send forth Matter : The Greeks and Arabians have made two sorts of Lichens , the one mild and gentle , the other fierce and cruel . And according to Avicen , some are moist , which being rubbed send forth a kind of Dew , others are dry ; and the moist are more safe , but the dry is made of salt pituitous Matter turned into Melancholly Blood . And again he writes , that one Manginess ( Impetigo ) brings off the Skin by reason of its great Dryness , and another does not ; and that one is ambulatory and malignant , another fixed and standing ; as also one is old , another fresh . Hence it appears , that the Scabies of Corn. Celsus was nothing but these Lichenes of the Greeks , and the Impetigo of the Arabians . It comes in any part of the Body , but especially in the Face and Chin , as Galen has it ; for a Lichen , says he , is a most ungrateful Distemper in the Chin , because it makes it itch exceedingly , and stretches out the parts affected : It is not a little dangerous , it spreads over the whole Face , and sometimes reaches the Eyes , and at last makes the Person affected extream filthy and loathsom . Lichen of the Greeks is Pliny's Impetigo , or an Inequality of the Skin , extending it self to the neighbouring parts , and accompanied with an extraordinary Itching and dry Pimples . Lichen is also the callous part in an Horses Foot ; likewise a sort of green Moss . Libra medica , a Physicians Pound , is twelve Ounces ; for as often as they prescribe a Pound they mean so many Ounces . Lien , see Splen . Lienteria is a Looseness when the Meat is sent out before it be altered . Ligamentum , a Ligament , is a solid and very fibrous part , proceeding almost from Matter like a Cartilage , different in size , number , and scituation , broad or round , cold , as it comes near the constitution of a Membrane or a Cartilage , dryer or moister , harder or softer , more or less tough and flexible , and designed by Nature for the connecting of Parts , especially Bones , that they may better perform their Motions . Ligula , the same that Clavicula . Linea alba is a concourse of the Tendons of the Muscles of the Abdomen , excepting the Tendons of the streight ones . For the Tendons of the Oblique Muscles unite , and meet so on both sides , that they make a kind of Tunic that covers the Abdomen , as if they were all but one Tendon . It is white and not fleshy , proceeding from the pointed Cartilage to the os Pubis ; and is narrower below the Navel than above . Lingua , the Tongue , is an oblong , broad , thick Member , and thicker at the Roots and thinner and sharper at the end ; of a moderate bigness , that it may move more quickly . In the Exterior and upper part of the Tongue there are a great many little Bodies which break out from the Surface of the Tongue , and crooking moderately incline backwards towards the Root , so that they look like a Comb that cards Wooll . These Cartilaginous Bodies in an Ox especially seem to resemble the Figure of a Boare's Tooth ; in the lower part they have a certain Cavity : They are made of a thick tenacious fibrous Matter , which seems like a heap of little Rods : About the sides of the Tongue they grow smaller and smaller , so that they almost disappear , and certain membranous Bodies are placed at their Basis , which look like a Conical , and then by and by a more obtuse pappy Substance : All the little Protuberances are clothed with the Membrane of the Tongue ; they are firmly implanted in a certain tenacious Tunic of the Tongue , there being under them a crass viscous , or nervous Substance , especially in those places , where there are remarkable Pits in the Tongue disposed in like order and manner , so that in the inner part of the Tongue there are a great many of them , which are firmly implanted in a certain viscous sort of Body . When the Membrane that covers the whole Tongue is taken off there appears a certain glutinous Substance ; then a nervous pappy Body something yellow , which spreads like the Membrane , and discovers remarkable nervous Protuberances disposed of in a wonderful order . The next thing that appears are little Nipples in greater abundance than those spoke of and of another order ; for as many little Protuberances as cover the outside of the Tongue , so many nervous Nipples of this sort are found within ; these proceed from the common pappy Substance , grow tolerably high , and shoot out farther into nervous Sprouts from the top of them , about which you discover innumerable little Protuberances proceeding from the same Stock , and of an equal height , only slenderer , like a Cone , and which go within their proper Cavities ready made in the crass viscous Substance before mentioned , and at last end towards the outermost Membrane . Furthermore the Substance of the Tongue is Musculous . The Centre of the Tongue consists of several sorts of Fibres , long , transverse , and oblique , which being mutually interwoven with one another look like a Coverlet or Blánket : It owes its Motion to peculiar Muscles of its own , wherewith it is contracted and abbreviated . The pairs of Muscles are the Styloglossum , Basioglossum , Genioglossum , Ceratoglossum , and Myloglossum . * Lithontriptica , are Medicines which break the Stone . Lithotomia is a cutting the Stone out of the Bladder , and is thus performed . The Operator lays the sick Person upon a soft Pillow in the Bosom of some strong Man , after he has lept three or four times from on high , then he ties the Hands on each side fast to the sole of the Foot , and two People standing on each side hold the Knees as open as possible : After this the Operator moistening one Finger of his left Hand , or if necessity require , the two foremost , with Oil of white Roses , thrusts them up into the Fundament , and with his right Hand presses the upper parts of the Secrets lightly , that by this means the Stone may be brought to the Perinaeum , which when he has forced thither with his Fingers , he cuts with a two edged Knife proportionably to the bigness of the Stone , in the left side betwixt the Testicles and the Fundament , near to the Suture of the Perinaeum , bringing the Stone towards the Knife : And if the Stone come not out either of its own accord , or by the thrusting of the Fingers , he draws it out with Pincers , or some such Instrument of Art . The Stone being drawn out , and all the Bands being loosed , he closes the Wound duly , applys Remedies to stop the Blood , and takes care that the Wound be closed up , least the Urine should continually drop through . This way is called Apparatus minor , and is used especially in Boys , tho it be frequently practised too in adult Persons in these Countries . But in the Apparatus major , or the greater Operation , the Patient bound as before is set upon a Table and held there , then the Chyrurgion thrusts in his Instrument called Itinerarium by the Urinary Passage into the Bladder as far as the very Stone , and cutting an hole as before , He puts another Instrument called Conductor into the hollow part of the Itinerarium through the Wound , then the Itinerarium being taken out of the Urinary Passage , he puts in his Instrument called Forceps ( a sort of Pincers ) or any other sit to pull out the Stone , through the Wound he made , that he may lay hold of the Stone and bring it out . This being done , the Wound is bound up and consolidated as 't is in Children , only if it be large , it is saved , and an Instrument of Silver applyed to it for two or three days , which is useful to let out concreted Blood , Flegm , and gravelly Urine . There is yet another way of taking out the Stone , to wit , by making an hole in the Abdomen by which the Stone is taken out of the bottom of the Bladder , and in this way no dribling of Urine need to be feared . Lithotomus is a Chyrurgion who is skilful in cutting out the Stone . Lobus auris is the lower part , or teap of the Ear. Localia Medicamenta are those which are applied outwardly , as Plaisters , Ointments , Salves , &c. Loch , and Lohoch , the same that Eolegma . Lochia are those things which are evacuated by Women in Child-bed , after the Birth of the Foetus and the Membranes called Secundinae . Lohoch , the same that Eclegma . Loimographia is a Description of contagious Diseases . Loimos is pestilent Poyson , which proceeds from the Nitre of the Air too highly exalted and pointed with heterogeneous Particles , which being taken into the Lungs infects and corrupts the Blood and the animal Spirits . Longanon , the last Gut , see Intestinum rectum . Lopidoides , the same that Lepidoides . Lordosis is the bending of the Back-bone forward . Lotio is in a manner a particular Bath , wherein the Head , Arm-pits , Hands , Feet , and natural Parts are washed , and that with physical Decoctions : Some Medicines are also thus washed , by reason of their Saltness and Acrimony , as in Calx , and the heavier Soil of Brass that sticketh to the higher places of Furnaces or Melting-houses . Lotium , see Vron . Lozongae , Lozenges , the same that Morsuli . Lues Venerea , Morbus Gallicus , the French Pox , is a malignant and contagious Distemper , communicated from one to another by Coition , or other impure Contact , proceeding from virulent Matter , and accompanied with the falling of the Hair , Spots , Swellings , Ulcers , Pains , and many other direful Symptoms . Lumbaga is a Pain in the Muscles of the Loins clogged with Scorbutick Matter , so that the Patient is forced to stand upright . Lumbrici are little Worms or Animals produced by Corruption in humane Bodies ; they are of different Shapes , round , &c. Lupia is a Tumor , or Protuberance , about as big as a sort of Bean. Some take it for a Meliceris , others for a Ganglio . Lupinus is equal to half a dram . Lupus is a sort of Canker in the Thighs and Legs . Lutatio is a Cementing of chymical Vessels . Luxatio , disjointing , is when a Bone goes out of its own Cavity into another place , which hinders voluntary Motion . Lycanthropia , rabies Hydrophobica , a Mandness proceeding from a mad Wolf , wherein Men imitate the howling of Wolves . Lycoides is a Madness like that of Wolves , proceeding from the Retention of Seed . Lygmos , the Hickets , is a couvulsive Motion of the Nerves which spread up and down the Gullet , returning after short Intermissions : It proceeds from some truoblesome Matter that vellicates the AEsophagus . Lympha is a clear limpide Humour , consisting of the nervous Juice and of Blood , which being continually separated by the Glandules , is at last discharged into the Blood again by Vessels peculiar to it . The Lympha comes not immediately from the Blood or nervous Juice , as some think , but it is the Superfluity of each , which was more than enough for the Nourishment of a part , like the Marrow in Bones : It is taken sometimes for that Water which flows from the Pricking of Nerves and other Wounds , and which does not really flow from the Nerves themselves , but from the Lymphatick Vessels which are cut and wounded . Lymphatica vasa , see Venae Lymphaticae . Lynx , the same that Lygmus . Lyteria is a sign of the loosening of a great Disease .

M. MAcrocosmus is the whole Universe . Macula epatica is a Spot of a brown , or of a sad yellow Colour , about an hand 's breadth broad , chiefly seizing upon the Groins , the Breast and back ; nay sometimes it covers the whole Body , is attended with a certain sleight Asperity of the Skin , which lets fall Scales , or a sort of Dendriff from it , which yet do not stick altogether , but are disseminated here and there , and sometimes disappear , sometimes break out again . Macula Matricalis is a spot with which a Child is born , of brownish Colour . Macula volaticae is a red or purple Spot here and there in the Skin , which if it touch any Orifice in the Body , as the Mouth , Nostrils , Eyes , Ears , &c. and pierce so far , it becomes mortal ; fatal to Children . Madarosis is a Baldness of the Head . Magdaleones are pieces of Plaister made up in form of a Cylender . Magisterium properly signifies a Powder prepared by Solution and Precipitation , improperly a resinous Matter made the same way , which is more truly called an Extract . Magisteria as they are various , so are they variously prepared ; a solvent Liquor is always poured upon a dry Matter , reduced to durst , if it can be had , or ( if necessary ) calcined , which is different according to the Diversity of the Magisterium , plain or distilled Vinegar , both by it self , and sharpened with Spirit of Nitre , Vitriol , Salt , &c. These are only in Minerals and Animals ; a Lixivium prepared of Salt of Tartar and Water in Vegetables , Spirit of Wine in things sulphureous , that is , endued with an oily part ; Yet these things belong rather to Extracts . There is a precipitating Liquor poured upon dissolved Bodies , commonly Oil of Tartar per deliquium , Urine , salt Water , Spirit of Vitriol , Nitre , &c. in Minerals and Animals common Water , or Allum-water in Vegetables ; and there will subside at the bottom of the Glass a coagulated Substance which must be dried , and if necessity require , first sweetened and then burned . Magistralia medicamenta are those Medicines which Physicians use to prescribe in the Shops for several uses , they are commonly called usualia , usual , because they ought to be used frequently , once a Week , twice a Month , or the like . Magma signifies the Dregs that are left after the streining of Juices . Malacia is a depraved Appetite which covets those things which are never eat : Also a Tenderness of Body . Malactica , or Emollientia are those things which soften parts with a moderate Heat and Moisture , by dissolving some of them , and dissipating others . Malagma was the same with our fore-Fathers , as Cataeplasma . Malagma , the same that Malacticum . Malignus Morbus , a malignant Disease , is that which rages more vehemently and continues longer than its Nature seems to pretend to , as a pestilent Feaver , &c. Malleus is one of the four little Bones in the Ear. Malleus pedis , see Malleolus . Malleolus , or Malleus , is twofold , external , which is the lower Process at the foot of the Bone of the Leg called Fibula : Or internal , which is the lower Process of the Bone of the Leg , called Tibia , these make the Ancle . Malthacode is a Medicine softened with Wax . Malum mortuum , the dead Disease , is a sort of Scab , so called because it makes the Body appear black and mortified : It is accompanied with Colours black and blew , and with a crusty sort of Pimples , black , and filthy , but without Matter , Sense , or Pain . It infects the Hips and Legs especially . Mamma , Mammilla , Vber , the Breast , Dugs , &c. the Grammarians call the inner part Vbera , and the outward Protuberances Mammae . A Breast or Dug is a globous , white , and soft Body , laying upon the pectoral Muscle on both sides , made up of conglomerated Glandules in the in-side , by the mediation whereof the Milk is separated from the arterious Blood , and is conveyed out by very little Pipes , which pass through the Nipples . Mammiformes processus are two Apophyses of the Bone of the back part of the Scull . Mammilla , the same that Mamma . Mandibula , Maxilla , the Jaw , is either upper or lower . The upper is made of twelve Bones , on each side six . The first is at the external corner of the Eye , which joyned with the fore-process of the Bone of the Temples produces the jugal Bone . The second constitutes the inner corner of the Eye , has a large Passage in it , by which the superabundant Moisture of the Eye descends to the Nostrils . The third is within the circle of the Eye , interposed betwixt the other two . The fourth , the greatest of all , makes the greatest part of the Cheeks and the Palate , and is elaborately carved for the Reception of the Teeth . The fifth helps to make the Nose . The sixth with another Bone along with it terminates the extremity of the Palate : And all these are joined rather by a plain Line than by Sutures . The lower Jaw at riper Years grows into one continued Bone , extream hard , and thick , and consequently very strong : It has two Processes , one acute , called Corone , the other in the form of a little Head , called Condylus . It has two Holes within , and as many without which make way for the Nerves ; the under Teeth are implanted in it , and it is joynted with the inner side of the Bone of the Temples called Os petrosum . Mania , a sort of Madness , is a deprivation of Imagination and Judgment , with great Rage and Anger , but without a Feaver and Fear : It proceeds from sulphureo-saline Animal Spirits , like Aqua stygia , which cause strange furious Impulses in the Body , not by consent of Parts , but by their own Strength . Manica Hypocratis , is a woollen Sack , in form of a Piramide , wherewith Aromatick Wines , Medicines , and other Liquors arestreined . Maniodes is a Phrensy , like the Madness which is meant by Mania . Manipulus is a dry Measure , usual with Physicians in their Prescriptions ; for it is a determinate quantity , to wit , as much as can be held in one hand ; meant for the most part of Herbs . Fasciculus is a different quantity from Manipulus , an handful , for it properly signifies an arm-full . Manus Christi is a sort of Sugar , so called because it is put into Cordials for very weak People . Marasmodes is a Feaver which at last ends in a Consumption . Marisca , the same that Ficus . Marmarygae are the Glistenings and Corruscations of the Eyes . Marmelata , Marmelate , is the Juice of Quinces condensated into a Gelly with Sugar ; and is either plain or spiced , for the use of Families . Marmorata aurium , Ear-wax , is a certain Excrement of the Ears , laid there in the auditory Passage from the openings of the Arteries , or sweat out from the Cartilages . Masseteres are Muscles of the lower Jaw , produced from the upper , and the jugal Bone , they are connected to the lower Jaw , and can move it right-side , left-side , and forward by reason of the various Disposition of Fibres . Masticatio , chawing , is an Action whereby we mince the Meat , and mix it with the Spittle cated Juice in the Mouth . Masticatorium is a Medicine which is mastito provoke spitting . Mastoidei are Processes like Breasts or Dugs , which from a broad Basis end in an obtuse top , and are shaped like Tears in a Cows Udder : Also Muscles which bend the Head , proceeding from the Neck-bone and the Breast-bone , terminating in the Process Mammiformis , i. e. like a Dug or Pap. Mastos , the same that Mamma . Mater dura is a Membrane which sticks close to the Scull within in some places , and mediately covers both the Brain and Cerebellum , or little Brain ; it has four Cavities which supply the place of Veins , and come together betwixt the Brain and Cerebellum , which Conjunction Herophilus calls torcular . Mater tenuis is a Membrane which immediately clothes the Brain and Cerebellum , extreamly full of sanguinary Vessels , made to keep in the Spirits generated in the Brain and Cerebellum , that they fly not away . Matracium is nothing but a little Sack , wherein is calcined Tartar or the like , pricked here and there for the emission of Liquor . Matrix , the same that Vterus . Maxilla superior , the upper Jaw-bone , has eleven Bones belonging to it , five on each side , and one without a fellow . 1. In the lesser Corner of the Eye . 2. In the greater Corner of the Eye . 3. Which is the greatest of all , constitutes the whole Palate , and contains the upper Teeth . 4. With its Partner constitutes the ridge of the Nose . 5. Is placed at the extremity of the Palate , where the Holes of the Nostrils tend towards the upper part of the Gullet : See Mandibula . Maxilla inferior , the lower Jaw-borne is that which contains the under-Teeth ; it has a Process on each side , the foremost , called Corone , the hinder Condylus . Meatus auditorius , the auditory Passage begins from the Cavity of the inner part of the Ear , and is clothed with a thin Skin as far as the brim of the Tympanum , or drum of the Ear : It 's use is to receive the Air and audible Species , and to contain the Ear-wax . Meatus urinarius , see Vrethra . Meconium , Opiate , or the condensed Juice of Poppies . Also the Excrements of a Faetus , which stick to the Intestines after the Birth , so called from the Blackness of Poppy-Juice . Meconologia is a Description of opium . Mediana Vena is the middle Vein in the bending of the Cubit betwixt the Cephalick and Basilick : It is safely opened , because there 's neither Nerve nor Artery under it . Mediastinum is a doubling of the Membrane of the sides , which divides the Lungs and other Viscera of the Breast into two parts . It proceeds from the Vertebres of the Back , and going on forward reaches the Breast-bone , and makes this Partition . Medicamentum , a Medicine , is a convenient help , whereby Diseases are repelled for the recovery of Health ; and it is either actual , which affects the Body at first touch with that Quality it is endowed with , as hot Iron , cold Water : Or potential , whose Efficacy is not perceived till it be stirred up from some stay in the Body , as Pepper , Raddish , sharp Salts , &c. Again , a Medicine is endowed with first , or second , or third Qualities , all which depend upon the Temperament and the various Motion of Particles in our Bodies . Medicine is threefold , Chyrurgery , Physick , strictly so called , and Diet. Medicina , Physick , is an Art assistant to Nature , and preserving Health in Human Bodies as much as is possible by convenient Remedies . Senertus and others rightly divide it into five parts : 1. Physiologia , which treates of Human Constitution , as it is sound and well , to which belongs Anatomy too . 2. Pathalogia , which treats of the preternatural Constitution of our Bodies . 3. Semiotica , which treats of the signs of Health and Diseases . 4. Hygieina , which delivers Rules of the Regimen to be observed in the Preservation of Health . 5. Therapeutica , which teaches Diet , Chyrurgery , and Medicine . The general Division of Physick is only into two parts ; the Theory and the Practice ; the Subject of Physick is human Body , as curable ; and its end and design Health . Hippocrates calls it a long Art , and Paracelsus a short one ; and certain Arabians a little one , but in reality it is a long , a great , and noble Art . Medicinalis dies , see Criticidies . Medicus , a Physician , is a Man highly skilful in the art of Physick , modest , sober , and courteous . Scaliger describes a Physician thus , That he ought to be a learned , honest , mild , diligent , a fortunate Man , and of ripe Years , one that relies upon God , not arrogant with his Knowledg , Labour or Success , nor covetous . Medius Venter ; see Thorax . Medulla in Mineralogia in the Description of Minerals , is that softish part which is found in some Stones in Phytologia , or Description of Plants , it signifies the middle , softer and more excellent part , which they call also Cor and Matrix . Medulla cerebri is a white soft Substance , covered on the out-side with the barky Substance , which is more of an ashy Colour ; it makes that which is called the Corpus callosum , or callous Body , within : Imagination and the Distribution of Animal Spirits are performed there . Malpighius asserts that it consists of innumerable Threds or Filaments . Medulla oblongata is the beginning of the Spinal Marrow , whence arise the Nerves within the Scul , it descends to the Os sacrum , through the Hole of the hinder part of the Head and the Vertebres . It sends out ten pair of Nerves to the Chest , the Abdomen , and the Limbs . It is called also the common Sensory , because that where the Original of the Nerves is , there is the common place of the Reception of Species from the external Senses . Medulla Ossium , Marrow in the Bones , is a fat Substance laid up in the Cavities , or Porosities of the Bones by the Arteries ; it is kept in a Membrance , and is quite destitute of all Sense ; it is red in the greater Cavities , white in the less , soft and succulent in spungy Bones . We may imagine likewise , that it is but a sweating of the Bones , in that they receive more sulphureous fat Matter than they can convert into Nourishment , which afterwards flows to the inner part of the Bones by Ductus's and little Cavities for that purpose , after that is received by the Veins , and communicated to the Blood . Medulla spinalis , the spinal Marrow , or the tail of the Brain , is that part which goes down the middle of the Back by the Vertebres , and is terminated at the Os sacrum ; it is also of the same nature and use with the Brain ; it is a Coagmentation of Nerves , and has the use of them ; upwards it is forked ; hence if either party be obstructed there arises a Palsy of one side . It sends out thirty pair of Nerves on each side to the Limbs , great Cavities , and other parts of the Body . If it be washed with a convenient Liquor , it t will sever into a great many little Fibres . Megalosphlanchnus is one who has great swelling Bowels . Mela is a Chyrurgeons Instrument , called Specillum , the vulgar call it Tenta , a Tent , from trying . It is made for the most part of Silver , or Ivory , and that to probe Ulcers , or to draw the Stone out of the Yard , &c. It is of different Shapes according as it is differently used . Melanagoga are Medicines that expel black Choler . Melancholia is a Sadness without any evident Cause , whereby People fancy terrible and sometimes ridiculous things to themselves : It proceeds from the Degeneracy of the Animal Spirits from their own spirituous saline Nature into an Acide , like the Spirit of Vitriol , Box-tree , Oak , &c. Also it is called black Choler , or black Blood , Adust , and Salino-sulphureous . Melas , see in Alphus . Meliceri is a Tumour shut up within a Tunick , proceeding from matter like Honey , without Pain , round , yielding if pressed , but quickly returning again . It seems to proceed from Lymphatick Particles which do not circulate right , and which when the Moisture is evaporated , leave a honyish-kind of Substance . Melicratum is a Drink made of one part Honey , and eight parts Rain-water . Membrand is a nervous , fibrous , broad , plain , white , and dilatable Substance , which covers the Bowels , the great Cavities of the Body , the Muscles , &c. and is endowed with an exquisite Sense . Membrana carnosa , the same that Panniculus carnosus . Membrana Vrinaria , the same that Allantois . Membrum , a Member , is an organical Body , made up of several similar parts , designed for the performance of voluntary Actions . Memoria , Memory , is the retention of Marks or Footsteps impressed in several places in the barky Substance , or folding Fibres of the Brain by the motion of Objects . Memory resides in the substance of the Brain , called Corticalis , like Bark . Mendosa Sutura , or Squammea , is a scaly Connexion of Bones , as may be seen in the Bone of the Temples , and the Bone of the fore part of the Head . Meningophylax is that which preserves the Meninx or Membrane of the Head , as thin Gold or Silver Plates , which are applied when the Skull is opened . Meninx , see Mater dura & tenuis . Mensa is the broader part of the Teeth called , Grinders , which chaws and minces the Meat . Menses , the Courses , are Excretions of Blood every Month from the Womb , and not from its Neck or Passage called Vagina . The cause thereof consists in a fermentative Matter , generated in the Substance of the Womb ; or a seminal Matter , infused into the Blood from the Testicles , or Ovaria in a Woman , which being mixed with the mass of the Blood , ferments it into such a motion , that it is forced to discharge it self every Month. They begin usually when young Maids grow ripe , at twelve or fourteen , but cease naturally in Women with Child , past Children , and those that give suck . Menstrua alba , see Fluor albus . Menstruum Mulierum , see Menses . Menstruum is that which is to be distilled , or a Liqour which corrodes Metals , and dissolves Stones , as Vinegar , Aqua fortis , Spirit of Wine , &c. It may be taken also for the Caput mortuum , which is left after Distillation . Mentagra is a sort of wild Tetter or Ring-worm , which was not known in Claudius's days . Mesaraeum , the same that Mesenterium ; whence its Vessels are called as well Mesaraick , as Mesenterick . Mesaraica vasa , see in Mesaraeum . Mesenteria vasa , see Mesaraeon . Mesenterium is the Membrane of the Peritonaeum doubled , enriched with Glandules , Nerves , Arteries , Veins , Chyliferous and Lymphatick Vessels ; it is in the middle of the Abdomen , and contains the Intestines in a wonderful manner . It has a great Glandule in the middle called Pancreas Asellis ; about which are several other less Glandules , to which the milky Vessels of the first rank tend from the Intestines , and Lymphatick Vessels from the Liver and other Parts ; from these Glandules again the milky Vessels of the second rank ascend to the Vessel that carries the Mass of Chyle , and discharge themselves into it . Meseraeum , see Mesaraeum and Mesenterium . Mesocolon is that part of the Mesentery which is continued to the great Guts . Mesonuctium is the middle of the Night . Mesopleurii are the intercostal Muscles , twenty two on each side , eleven external , and as many internal . Metabole is a change of Time , Air , or Diseases . Metacarpus and Metacarpium is the back of the Hand , made of four oblong little Bones , which expand the Palm of the Hand , and they are called Post-Brachialia . Metacondyli are the utmost Bones of the Fingers . Metalepticus is a Metaleptick Motion of the Muscles . Metallum , Mettal , is a solid , rigid Substance , found in Mountains and subterraneous Cavities . The several sorts of them are comprehended in this Verse . Sol , Mars , Luna , Venus , Saturnus , Jupiter , Hermes . Gold is the most solid Metal , the Tincture whereof is highly extolled by the Chymists . Metallurgus , or Metallicus , is one who searches after Metalls , as the Chymists . Metapedium , the same in the Foot , that Metacarpus is in the Hand . Metaphrenum is that part of the Back which comes after the Diaphragme . Metaptosis is the degenerating of one Disease into another , as of a Quartane Ague into a Tertian ; and on the contrary , of an Apoplexy into a Palsy , &c. Metastasis is when a Disease goes from one part to another ; which happens to Apoplectick People , when the Matter which affects the Brain is translated to the Nerves . Metasyncrisis is the Operation of the Medicine externally applied , which fetches out the Humours from their closest Recesses . Metatarsus are the five little Bones of the Foot , connected to the Bones of the first part of the Foot , which immediately succeeds the Leg. Methodica Medicina is that which was invented by Themison Laodiceus , and improved by Thessalus Trallianus , who said that the Art might be learned in six Months time . Methodus is a part of Physick whereby Remedies are found out by Indications for the Restauration of Health . Metopum is the Fore-head . Metrenchyta is an Instrument wherewith Liquors are injected into the Womb. Miasma is a contagious Infection in the Blood and Spirits , as in the Plague and Scurvy . Microcosmus , Man is called the little World as a Compendium of the greater . Microphthalmus is one who has little Eyes from his Birth . Miliaris herpes , see Herpes . Miserere mei , or Chordapsus , is a most vehement Pain in the Guts , proceeding from an Inflammation of them , or Involution and the peristaltick Motion inversed ; whence the Excrements are discharged by the Mouth . It is called also Volvulus . Mitella is a Swathe that holds up the Arm when it is hurt or wounded . Miva is the Flesh or Pulp of a Quince boiled up with Sugar into a thick Consistence . Mixtura is a solid or liquid Substance mixed together of several Medicines . Mixtures are very different according to the scope of the Physician ; they are taken especially in Drops or Spoonfuls , and sometimes in Draughts . They are made either of Liquors only , such as are distilled Waters , Spirits , and Oils , any way mixed together , as Waters with Waters , Oil with Oil , Waters with Spirits , &c. or of Liquors with convenient Syrups , Pouders , Consections , Opiates , all of them together , or only some . Mna , or Mina , an Attick Mna contains an hundred Drams , or twelve Ounces and an half ; the Roman , ninety six Drams , or twelve Ounces ; the Alexandrian , an hundred and sixty Drams , or twenty Ounces . Modiolus , Trepanum , or Anabaptiston , is an Instrument which they use in profound Corruptions , Contusions , Cuts and Fractures of Bones , not easily , tho to be , applied ; unless , 1. The Chips and Prominences of the Bones prick , 2. When the upper Table is entire , but depressed , and the lower broken . 3. When the extravasated Blood would choak a Man with Corruption . The manner of perforating is thus : When the Hairs are shaven off , the Skin is to be cut to the Pericranium , avoiding as prudently as may be the Muscles of the Temples and the Sutures , and for this time the Wound is to be bound up , unless there be so little Blood spilt , that the Membrane , called Pericranium , may at the same time be pulled off from the Scull : Then after a few Hours you may stop the Ears of the Patient , and take one of these Instruments called a Masculine Modiolus , whose point is to be fixed in the Skull , but so far off the Fracture , that it touch it not , much less the Suture , with its Teeth ; tho some never avoid the Sutures , and assure us that they have perforated them as successfully as any other part : Then hold the Instrument fast with the left-hand , and turn it round with the right , till you have cut out a pretty deep Circle : After this take a Feminine Modiolus ( which has no point in the middle ) and turn it round as before : In the mean time take away the Dust that proceeds from the Perforation , and moisten the Instrument in Oil and Water to make it cool and slippery : The Blood that appears with shew that you are now gone as deep as the second Table , i. e. beyond the Scull to the Meninx , and then you must press very gently , lest the Membrane of the Brain be unadvisedly hurt ; when the Bone begins to wag , put something in betwixt the sides of the Wound , loosen it , and take it out with a pair of Chirurgeons Pincers . Mola , Patella , or Rotula , is a round and broad Bone , at the joynting of the Thigh and Leg , where the Knee , excepting this Bone , is begirt with a Membranous Ligament . Mola carnea , is a fleshy , and sometimes a spungy Substance without Bones , or Bowels ; it is often black like concreted Blood ; and sometimes extream hard , preternaturally brought into the World instead of a Faetus . Molares , or Maxillares Dentes ; see Dentes . Mollientia ; see Emollientia . Melopes , Vibices , Enchymoma , Sugillationes , all signify the same thing ; red Spots like those which remain in the Skin after beating , in malignant and pestilential Fevers . Molynsis , the same that Miasma . Monocolum is the Gut Caecum . Monohemera are Diseases that are cured in one day . Monopagia , see Monopegia . Menopegia is a sharp Pain in the Head , afflicting one single place . Mons Veneris is the upper part of a Woman's Secrets , something higher than the rest . Morbilli , the Meazles , are red Spots which proceed from an aerial Contagion in the Blood , they neither swell nor are suppurated , and differ only in degree from the Small-pox . Morbus , a Disease , is such a Constitution of Body as renders us inapt for the due performance of our Actions : Or , it is an ill Constitution in a Man which hurts any of our Faculties , according to Sylvius de le Boc . Diseases are two-fold , either from an ill Conformation , or an Indisposition : An ill Conformation is six-fold , for it sonsists in Number , Magnitude , Figure , Cavity , Surface and Situation : Indisposition is either occult or manifest ; the Occult is poysoned , contagious , and pestilent ; the Manifest s either simple , as hot , cold , moist , dry , &c. or compound , when more Qualities than one are peccant at once , as cold and moist , hot and moist , &c. There 's a Disease by Idiipothia , peculiar to ones self , by Protopathia , when one has it first , by Deuteropathia , at second hand , and by Sympathy . Also Diseases are simple or compound , gentle or malignant , short , long , acute , continued , intermittent , hereditary , native , Pituitous , bilious , melancholy , Summer , Winter , Autumnal , Epidemick , &c. Morbus Regius , the same that Icterus . Moretum is a sort of Drink which our Women use much when they think they have conceived , for they are perswaded that it spoils a false Conception and strengthens a true one : It is so called from the Mulberries they put in it . Moria , Dulness or Folly , or Stupidity , is a defect of Judgment and Understanding ; it proceeds chiefly from lack of Imagination and Memory . Morosis , the same that Moria . Morphaea , the same that Alphus . Morselli , the same that Morsuli . Morsuli , Tabellae , they are Medicines of a square Figure for the most part , made of Powders and the like mixed with Sugar dissolved and poured upon a wooden , stone , or brazen Table , to be consolidated . Morsus canis rabidi , the same that Cynanthropia . Mortariola , are the Caverns wherein the Teeth are lodged . Morum , the same that Pladarosis . Motos is a peice of Linnen teezed like Wool , which is put into Ulcers , and stops a Flux of Blood . Motus Peristalticus , see Peristalticus . Muccus , the same that Mucus . Mucago is a viscous Extraction , made of Seeds , Gums , Roots , &c. with Water . Mucilago , the same that Mucago . Mucro cordis , or Apex , is the lower pointed end of the Heart . Mucronatum os , see Ensiformis Cartilago . Mucus , we call it Snot , is a liquid , thick , and viscous Excrement , which flows from the Processus Papillares by the Os Cribriforme to the Nostrils and Palate . Muliebria , see Cunnus . Muscae caput , the same that Myocephalum . Musculus , a Muscle , is an organical part furnished with two Tendons , and a fibrous or fleshy Belly or middle part : Its Office is to move the Members that are contiguous to it . This Motion or Contraction is performed by the flowing of the Animal Spirits from the Brain to the Tendons by the Nerves , and thence to the middle of the Muscles , where they contract them , and when that is done , recede to the Muscles again . The Antients divided the Body of a Muscle into the Head , Belly , and Tail ; in which division they called the Extremity of the Muscle , connected to that part towards which the Contraction was made , the Head ; the end or part of the Muscle , inserted into that part which was to be moved , the Tail ; and lastly the intermediate part of the Muscle , which is more swell'd with Flesh , they called the Belly ; and then in the performance of Motion they supposed the Muscle was swell'd about the Head and Belly , and consequently shortned in its length , so that it drew the Member , to which it was fastned , near to it . But how this was done they say not . Muscles are destined either to the use of Cavities , or Limbs , and are diversly denominated from their Shapes , Places where they are , and Actions they perform . Mycteres are the Nostrils , or the Receptacles of pituitous Humors , which distil out of the Brain by the Processus Papillares , the Extremities of the Olfactory Nerves . Mydesis is Corruption or Rottenness from too much moisture . Mydriasis is a too great Dilatation of the Pupil of the Eye which makes the Sight dim . Myelos the Marrow of the Bones , or of the Brain , or Spinal Marrow . Myle , the same that Molagenu . Myloglossum is a pair of Muscles which arise about the back side of the grinding Teeth , and are inserted into the Ligament of the Tongue , and are said to turn the Tongue upwards . Mylphae signify the falling off of the Hairs of the Eye-lids : Also Medicines against the falling off of Hair . Myocephalum is the falling of the Tunica uvea just begun , like the Head of a Fly , whence it has its Name . Myodes platysma is a broad musculous Expansion in the Neck , proceeding there from a sort of a fat Membrane . Myologia is a Description of Muscles . Myopia , is a certain Dimness of sight in distant Objects , and yet a Perspicacity in things near at hand . Purblindness . Myopiasis , the same that Myopia . Myops is one that is Purblind ; which is occasioned by this , that the Sun-beams , entring in too great a quantity , represent the Object confusedly in the Brain . Myrach , is an Arabian Word , and signifies the same that Epigastrium . Myracopum is an Ointment that takes away Weariness . Myrmecia is a sort of Wart ; they are harder and lower than those fleshy Tumors called Thymi , take deeper Root , and occasion greater Pain , broad below , small at top , and emit less Blood . They are scarce ever bigger than a sort of Pulse called Lupines . They breed in the Palms of the Hand , or the sole of the Foot . Myrinx , the same that Tympanum . Myron , the same that Vnguentum . Myropola , is one that sells Ointments . Myrtum is a little piece of Flesh in a Womans Secrets , about the Cleft , proceeding from a Corrugation of the Vagina . Mystax is the upper Lip and the Hairs upon it . Myurus is a mutilated Pulse , increasing or decreasing gradually . Myxa is Snot , a pituitous Humour , which descends from the Extremity of the olfactory Nerves to the Nostrils .

N. NAevi , Moles , are certain native Spots , and are two-fold , either plain , or protuberant , different in shape and colour . They happen to Child-bearing Women from a false Imagination , Drunkenness , Extasy , &c. Narcosts is a privation of Sense , as in a Palsy , or in taking of Opium , &c. Nacrotica are Medicines that stupify , and allay Pain . Nascalia , the same that Errhina . Nascalia , are little globular Bodies which are put into the Neck of the Matrix , made of the same substance as Pessaria : see Pessaria . Nata , the same that Natta . Nates cerebri are two round Prominences , behind the Beds of the Optick Nerves , which grow to the upper part of the Marrowy Substance , they are small in Men , and larger in Brutes . Natta is a great soft Tumor , without Pain and Colour , which grows especially in the Back , yet sometimes in the Shoulders ; its Root is slender , yet it encreases so prodigiously that it will grow as big as a Melon , or a Gourd ; it is made of fat Matter ; and therefore ought to be reckoned amongst the Steatomata . See Steatomata . Natura , the same that Cunnus . Naturalis facultas , a natural Faculty , is an Action depending chiefly upon the Cerebellum , whereby the Body , without our notice , is nourished , encreased , and preserved by the Blood and Animal Spirits ; upon which likewise all Excretions , Digestions , and Generations depend . Naviculare os , called also Cymbiforme , is the third Bone in each Foot , in that part of it which immediately succeeds the Leg. Necrosis is a black and blew Mark in any part . Nectar is the drink of the Gods , as Ambrosia is their drink . But with Physicians it signifies rather a Medicinal Drink , but with a most delicious colour , taste and smell . Nemomena , see Nomas . Nepenthes , Opiate Laudunum , a Medicine worthy indeed of Praise . It signifies as much as without Pain and Trouble , and by reason of the incomparably admired Effects it produces , highly deserves the Name of Laudunum ( a Word importing Praise . ) Nepenthes they say was Helen's Remedy , wherewith she expelled all Sorrow from her Heart , and waxed merry and cheerful . Nephelae are small white Spots upon the Eyes . Also little Clouds as it were that swim in the middle of Urine ; likewise little white Spots in the surface of the Nails like little Clouds . Nephritica are Medicines against the Diseases of the Reins . Nephriticus is one who is troubled with a Disease in the Reins . Nephritis is a Pain in the Reins , proceeding either from an ill Disposition , or an Inflammation , or from the Stone and Gravel , accompanied with Vomiting and Stretching of the Thigh . Nephros is a Kidney , on each side of the Abdomen one , placed about the Loins under the Liver and Spleen ; it is shaped like a Kidney Bean : Its Substance is made up of a great company of little Conduits . On both sides it receives the Serum from the Glandules which border upon the Arteries , and carries it to the little Bodies in the Reins called Carunculae Papillares ( which see ) that so it may be discharged by the Pelvis , the Basin , the Ureters , the Bladder , &c. Nervus , a Nerve , is a fibrous , round , long , white , porous Substance like an Indian Cane , which conveys the Animal Spirits to make the parts of the Body moveable and sensible . Ten pair of Nerves proceed from the oblongated Marrow within the Scull : As the Odoratory , and Opthalmick Nerve , that which moves the Eyes ; the Pathetick , the Gustatory , or that which perceives Tastes ; the Nerve called Timidus or fearful , that which serves the Organ of Hearing ; the Parvagum , that which moves the Tongue , and the Muscles of the Neck . The Ancients only acknowledg Seven pair within the Scull . Below the Scull they reckon Thirty pair ; seven from the Spinal Marrow in the Neck ; twelve from the same in the Back ; five from the Loins , and six from the Os Sacrum : All the Nerves below the Scull proceed from the Spinal Marrow , which pass through the holes in the sides of the Vertebres , and are designed for the use of the Limbs and great Cavities . A Nerve , a Tendon , and a Ligament are impertinently taken for one and the same thing by Chirurgeons . Neurodes is a sort of lingring Fever , so called by the most Learned Willis ; because that the nervous Juice , departing from its own right natural Crasis , becomes the occasion of an Atrophae . Neurologia is an elegant Description of the Nerves , which Willis has performed beyond any Man whatsoever . Neuron , the same that Nervus . Neurotica are Remedies against the Diseases of the Nerves . Neurotomia is an Anatomical Section of Nerves ; also a pricking of Nerves . Neurotomus is one who is troubled with a pricking of the Nerves . Or one who dissects them Anatomically . Neuritica , the same that Neurotica . Nidrosa Dyspepsia ; see Dyspepsia . Nidus , the same that Focus . Noctambulo , or Noctambulus , is one who walks in his Sleep , opens Doors and Windows , and goes over the highest and most dangerous Places without perceiving it : The Cause of it is hardly to be given , unless Sleep be divided into Total and Partial ; the Total is common ordinary Sleep , but the Partial takes place in this case , because that Objects are seen indeed , and are offered to the common Sensory , but penetrate not to the place of Imagination , so that they may be perceived . Nodulus , Nodus , is a Bag of suitable Ingredients as the Disease requires , put into Beer or Wine , the Tincture whereof the Patient is to drink . Nodus , the same that Ganglion and Nodulus . Noli me tangere is a sort of Canker in the Face , especially above the Chin. There arises a Tumour or Ulcer about the Mouth and Nose , like an exulcerated Canker , which grows slowly at the beginning , like a little Pimple ; it remains a whole Year , otherwise is less troublesome than a Canker , which gnaws and eats more in one Day than a Noli me tangere doth in a Month. Nomas is a putrid Ulcer that feeds upon the parts . Nosocomium is an Hospital for poor sick People , where they are attended , and cured , if possible . Nosologia , the same that Pathalogia . Nosos , the same that Morbus . Notae maternae , the same that Naevius . Nothae costae are the five lowest Ribs on each Side , called Bastard Ribs , so called because they do do not join with the Breast-Bone as other Ribs , nor are as the others Boney but Cartilaginous . Diseases are likewise called Nothi , or Bastard , which exceed the ordinary and common Rule ; as tertain , quartane , or quotidian Bastard Agues ; a Bastard Plurify . &c. Nothis is the Back , the back part of the Chest . Novacula is a Chirurgeons Knife , the shape whereof differs according to the difference of Operations : And therefore can hardly be described . Nubeculae are little light Particles which mutually , but loosely , close with one another , and swim upon the Urine . Nucha is the hinder part , or nap of the Neck , called Cervix . Nuciositas , the same that Myopia . Numero , not only Fruits and Seeds are measured by Number , but likewise the parts of Animals , as Yolks of Eggs. It is commonly noted thus , Nᵒ or Num. Nutrimentum , the same that Alimentum . Nutritio is a natural Increase , whereby that which continually decays of any corporeal Substance , is repaired by convenient Nourishment . Nux is a sort of Pain in the Head , which afflicts a place about as big as a Nut ; as an Ovum , a Clavus , and other sorts . Nychthemerum is four and twenty hours space . Nyctalopia is two-fold : the first is a Dimness of Sight in the Night , or in dark Places , without any Impediment in the Light : The other is a Dimness in the Light , and clear Sight in the Night , or in Shades . Nymphae are little pieces of Flesh in a Woman's Secrets . So called because they stand near the Water that comes out of the Bladder . Also the hollowness or void space in the nether Lip . Nymphomania , the same that Furor Vterinus . Nymphotomia is a cutting off the Nymphae , the too great Protuberance whereof in marriageable Virgins sometimes hinders the Enjoyment , or at least renders it difficult . The Egyptians cut them frequently .

O. OBelaea is the Sagittalis Suture in the Scull ( see Sagittalis ) which touches the Coronalis Suture forward , and the Lamdoides backward ; for it is made of the mutual Conjunction of the Bones of the Forehead . Oblatae Laxativae & Purgantes are made of Meal with Sugar and purging Ingredients . Oblivio , Forgetfulness , is a loss of the Ideas of Things once perceived out of the Brain . Which happens when things make but a light Impression upon the Brain ; as a light Motion is scarce perceived , so a light Impression easily decays . Obolus is half a Scruple ; it weighs ten Grains . Physitians mark it thus ∽ , but now the Hollanders do not use this Character . Obstructio is a shutting up of the Passages of the Body either by Contraction , or by some forreign Body that has entered within them . Occiput is the hinder part of the Scull . Ochema is a Liquor or Vehicle wherewith Medicines are mixed . Ochthodes are Ulcers whose sides are callous , or of the nature of Warts , but not malignant . Oculares dentes , the Eye-Teeth : The same that Cynodontes . Oculus , the Eye , is the external Organ of Sight ; it is compounded of six Muscles , to wit of two Direct , and as many Transverse , to which a seventh is added in Brutes . It has seven Tunics , the Adnata , Innominata , Cornea , Wea , Retiformis , Chrystallina , and Vitrea . It has also the Optick Nerve , the Iris , and the Pupilla . See them singly in their proper places . Oculi are the forerunners of Flowers , which are likewise called Gemmae , Buds . Odaxismus is the itching of the Gums , when Children breed Teeth . Odontagra , see Forfex . Odonthalgia is the Teeth-ach ; which is caused by black rotten Teeth , or an Effervescence of fixed and acid Salt ; and therefore it is called the Gout in the Teeth . Cold also will cause it . Odontiasis , the same that Dentitio , and Odontophyia . Odontica are Medicines against Pains in the Teeth . Odontoides , that which is like a Tooth ; as the Tooth of the second Vertebre , and of other Bones . Odontophyja , breeding of Teeth . Odoramentum is a Medicine applyed for its Smell . It is compounded of Laudunum , Storax , Benzoin , Musk , Civet , &c. Odoratus , the Smell , is a Sence whereby odoriferous Effluviums are offered and represented to the common Sensory , from the Motion and Irritation of Nerves , implanted in the Membranes of the Nose . Oeconomia is the management of Family-Concerns . Oedema is sometimes taken in a large Sence by Hippocrates , for any Tumor , but strictly for a white , soft , insensible Tumor proceeding from pituitous Matter heaped up together . It has no Pulse , and yields easily to the Fingers . It may proceed likewise in some measure from the Lympha or nutritious Juice extravasated and turned into a Gelly . Oenoides is diluted Wine , or a Liquor Analogous to Wine . Oenomel is Wine and Honey . Oesophagaeus is a Muscle that closes the Gullet , called Sphincter . Oesophagus , the Gullet , is a membranaceous Pipe reaching from the Palate to the Stomach , whereby the Meat , chawed in the Mouth and mixed with the Juice there , passes to the Ventricle : It has three Tunics ; the outermost or membranaceous Tunic , which comes from the Peritonaeum , or inner rine of the Belly , and clothes the Ventricle . The innermost is Musculous ; the whole Oesophagus seems to consist of two Muscles , which with their opposite Fibres crossing one another make four Parallelograms . The Third is altogether Nervous , which is covered on the inside with an hairy sort of Coat , and which may pass for a fourth Tunic . Oesypus , the Filth and Greasiness of Sheep , proceeding of Sweat , and cleaving fast to their Wooll . Therefore they are mistaken who take it to signify the little Clods of Dung that stick to their Wooll . Olecranum , or Ancon , is the greater Process of the first Bone of the Cubit called Vlna . Also the upper part of the Shoulder . Olecranus , the same that Anconaeus . Olfactus , the same that Odoratus . Oligophoros is a small Wine , with few Spirits . Oligotrophia is a Decrease of Nutrition . Oligotrophus is Meat that nourishes little , to which is opposed Polytrophus , that which affords much Nourishment . Omentum , Reticulum , the Cawle , is a double Membrane spread upon the Intestines , interwoven with Fat and Vessels like a Fisher's Net , enriched also with two or three Glandules , annexed to the Stomach , the Gut Colon , and the Pancreas , and useful to cherish the Intestines with its warmth : It hath some milky and Lymphatic Vessels , as also a great many Ductus's and little Bags of Fat , concerning which see our Reformed Anatomy . Omoplata , and Homoplata , the same that Scapula . Omphalocele is a Rupture about the Navel , to wit , when the Cawle or Intestines are protuberant in that part : Which happens from a Relaxation , or bursting of the Peritonaeum , the inner rine of the Belly . Omphalos , see Vmbilicus . Onyx , see Vnguis . Ophiasis is when the Hairs grow thin and fall off here and there , so that they leave the Head spotted like a Serpent . Opthalmia is an Inflammation of the Tunics of the Eyes , proceeding from arterious Blood , collected and extravasated there , because it cannot return by the Veins . Opiata , or Electuarium , is a Medicine taken inwardly , of a consistence like to those Opiates in the Shops , ( Triacle or Mithridate ) and is made up into several Doses of several Ingredients mixed with Honey or Syrup . Opiatum is a Medicine in form of an Electuary with Opiate mixed in it : As Triacle , Mithridate , Dias-Cordium , &c. Opiologia is a Description of Opium . Opisthotonus , or Tetanus , is a kind of Cramp , or stretching of the Muscle of the Neck backwards ; which proceeds sometimes from a Palsy of the Muscles in the Neck , whereupon the Antagonists or opposite Muscles move the intermediate parts too much ; or from a sharp and serous Matter in the Tendons ; or from the Animal Spirits which enter the Fleshy Pipes more than is usual and will not easily recede , so that the parts are swelled and wrinkled up . Opium is the condensed Juice of Poppies ; the purest Opium is made of white Drops . Opticus Nervus , or Visorius , the Optic Nerve is that which carries the visible Species from the Eye to the common Sensory . The Nerves of both Eyes proceed from the Thalami of the Optic Nerves , afterwards these Nerves come together , and as they enter the Scull separate again . Optica are Medicines against Distempers of the Eyes . Orchis is a Testicle , whose Substance in Men is nothing else but a Contexture of very little Vessels which make the Seed : But it is quite otherwise in Women ; where they are made of several Membranes and little Fibres loosely united to one another , betwixt which several white Bodies are found , which are there either naturally or preternaturally : The Testicles of Women breed Eggs , and therefore they are rightly called Ovaria . They are also called Testes , Colei . Orchotomus is a Gelder : One who gelds Animals that they cannot copulate . Orexis is a Natural Appetite of Meat , which proceeds from an acid Ferment in the Ventricles that comes from the Caeliac Arteries , with which the nervous Tunic of the Stomach and its Nerves are extraordinarily moved to covet Nourishment . Organum is a part which requires a right and determinate and sensible Conformation to its constitution and the performance of its Actions ; as an Arm , Muscle , Heart , &c. Orgasmus is an Impetus and quick Motion of Blood or Spirits ; as when the Animal Spirits rush violently upon the Nerves . Oroboidcs is a subsiding in Urine , like to a kind of Pulse called Vetches . Orthocolon is a preternatural Rectitude of a Joint . Orthopnaea is an ill Respiration , when the Person affected cannot breathe but with his Neck erect . Os , a Bone , is an hard , dry , and cold Substance , consisting especially of earthy and saline Particles , designed for the upholding of the Body , to render its Motion easy , and for a Fence for several parts . Some make their Number 249 , others commonly 304 , and others as many as the Days of the Year . Yet the number of them is uncertain , because the Bones of Infants differ from those of Adult Persons . Also because the Bones called Sesamoidea ( see them in their proper place ) and the Teeth are not determined to a certain number in old Men and Adult Persons . They are of different Shapes , some are round , others plain , acute , obtuse , hollow , spungy , solid , oblong , triangular , &c. A Nut-Shell is also called Ossiculum . Oscitatio , Yawning , is a certain light convulsive Motion of Muscles which open the lower Jaw of the Face . Some look upon it as a light Motion whereby Excrementitious and Halituous Matter , which irritates the neighbouring parts , is expelled . Oscula are the openings of Vessels at the end . Osculum uteri is the Cavity where Conception is made and the Mans Yard enters ; it is so small in Maids that it can only receive the bigness of a small Pen we use for Writing Tables , and you cannot thrust your least Finger into it by any means ; the Courses flow out of it . It sticks out in the Vagina , and is like the Mouth of a Tench , or , as Galen will rather have it , like the Nut of a Man's Yard ; it has a transverse cleft ; in Virgins 't is very small , but grows bigger in Women who have had many Children ; if it be too much stretched , or exulcerated , covered over with a Scarr , or too moist , Barrenness follows thereupon . Osteologia is a Description of Bones . Osteon , see Os. Ostocopi , are Pains in the Bones , or rather in the Membranes and Nerves about the Bones : For Bones as such are insensible . Otalgia is a Pain in the Ears , whencesoever it proceeds . Otenchyta an auricular Clyster . Celsus calls it , Oegin . A little Syringe or Squirt which injects Medicines into the Ears . Otica are Medicines against Distempers in the Ears . Ovarium is a Womans Testicle . Oviductus , the same that Tuba Fallopiana . Ovum is a sort of pain in the Head affecting a place about the bigness of an Egg. Oxelaeum is a mixture of Vinegar with Oyl . Oxycratum is a mixture of Vinegar with Water , called Pusca or Posca . Oxydercica are Medicines which quicken the Sight . Oxygala is sowre Milk . Oxymel is a composition of Vinegar and Honey , like a Syrup . Oxyregmia is an acid sowre Belch from the Stomach . Oxyrhodinum is Vinegar of Roses , mixed with Rose Water , or so . ὈΣY NO'ΣHMA , the same that Morbus acutus . Ozoena is an Ulcer in the inside of the Nostrils that smells ill .

P. PAchuntica are Medicines of a thickning nature , but withal cold , and full of thick and boughy parts , which if they are mix'd with a thin Juice , by joyning and stifning the Parts one with another , make a more Dense and firm Composition as Bole-armoniack , Mill-dust , Water-lillies , Almonds , Poppies , &c. Paedotropica is a part of Hygrena that concerns the Management of Boys . Palatum the Palate is the upper part of the Mouth , which because it somewhat resembles the upper part of an House , is thence called the Roof of the Mouth . Palliatio , or Cura Palativa , is a Medicine which helps ( as much as is possible ) incurable Diseases by the Application of present Remedies . Palindrome is a Disease into which one relapses . Palma is the inside of a Man's Hand , which we call the Palm . Palmus is a Shivering , or palpitation of the Heart , caused by a Convulsion , or Irritation of the Nerves ; the cause whereof consists in the Blood or nervous Juice , or in the Water in the Membrane that covers the Heart . Palpebrae are the Coverings of the Eyes , made up of a Skin , a fleshy Membrane , Muscles , a Tunick , and another little Skin called Tarsus , with Hair upon the uppermost Skin : They are either the upper or the under Eye-lids . Palpitatio cordis naturalis , the natural Palpitation of the Heart , is in the Systole thereof , whilst the Cone and the Sides are press'd together , the Basis and the Roots of the Vessels , being blown up with the Blood that gathers there , grows big and swoln . It oft proceeds from an extraordinary Contraction of the Heart , or a thick and irritating Matter which sticks in the Heart . Panacaea is a general sort of Physick for all Diseases indifferently ; but I question if there be any such thing . Many People brag much of Tobacco , Tincture of the Sun , the Philosophers-stone , vitriolated Tartar , &c. Panaritium , vid. Paronychia . Pancaenus , vid. Pandemius . Panchymagoga are purgative Medicines that expel all corrupt Humours . Pancreas , the Sweet-bread , Pancration , Pancreon , Callicreas , Callicreon , & Lactes , are all synonimous . It is a conglomerated Glandule in the Abdomen , placed behind the Ventricle , and fastened to the Gut Duodenum , and reaches as far as the Liver and the Spleen ; the Use and Office thereof is to convey a volatile , Insipid , and Lymphatick Juice , or as others will have it ( for 't is a disputable Point ) a something acid Juice , by its own Ductus to the Gut Duodenum , in order to a farther Fermentation and Volatilisation of the Chyle , and to attemperate and allay the Qualities of the Gall : It is the biggest Glandule in the whole Body , but bigger in a Dog than a Man . Pandalea , as the modern Physicians call it , is the same with a solid Electuary , but that it remains intire , for the Sugar being rightly boiled is let grow hard ; the Patient takes a piece of it like a Lambative ; it only in the shape differs from Rolls and Morsels . Pandemius is a Disease which is rife in some places or other . Pandiculatio is a certain Dilatation and convulsive Distension of the Muscles , by which the Vapours that annoy them are cast off . Panicus is a sudden Fear or Consternation . Panniculus Carnosus is a fat sort of Membrane , in some parts thick and musculous ; in other parts thin , with many Ductus's of Fat in it ; it covers the whole Body . Panus is a sort of Botch or Sore under the Arm-pits , Jaws , Ears , and Groins , to wit , in the Glandulous Parts . It is also taken for Phygethus . Papillae Intestinorum are little Glandules wherewith the in-most Tunick of the Entrails is full , they soak in the percolated Chyle , and dispense it to the lacteal Veins . Papilla is a red Excrescency in the middle of the Breast , in the Pores whereof are received all the milky Tubes or Pipes , proceeding from the Glandules of the Breasts . Papillarum processus are the Extremities of the Olfactory Nerves , which convey the slimy , viscous Humours by the Fibres , which perforate the Os cribriforme to the Nostrils and Palate . Papulae , vid. Pustulae , also a kind of small Pox. See Exanthemata . Paracelsistica Med. vid Hermetica . Paracentesis , or Punctio , is a Perforation of the Chest and Abdomen through a cuspidate Channel : It hapens in the Breast when it is stuff'd with putrified Matter , or Water , and then there 's a pricking in the side between the fifth and sixth Vertebre . It happens in the Abdomen , when it is swell'd by a Dropsy near the white Seam in the Abdomen , in the Muscles that either ascend right or oblique . If a Man be strong and has taken a Purge , and also his Lungs , and the rest of his Entrails be uncorrupted , when the Navel doth protuberate , don't look another way , for there you must make the Incision ; don't let Purulency and Water come out both together , for that were to kill the Patient , but one after the other , as in seven days a pound , or a pound and an half as the Patient can endure it : After the Operation is finished , draw the Wound up with an astringent Plaister : If the inward Vessels and Passages be broke through this pricking , it 's to no purpose to endeavour the Cure . Paracheteusis , vid. Derivatio . Paracmastica is a daily declining Feaver , also declining Age. Paracme , vid. in Acme . Parachynanche is an Inflammation with a continual Feaver and difficulty of Breathing , excited in the outward Muscles of the Larynx . Paralysis is an Aboition of voluntary Motion , or Sense , or both , either in all the Body , or only some part . It comes by either an Obstruction , Obscission , Contusion , or pressing of the Nerves , or by an Indisposition , or ill Conformity of the Muscles . Paramesus is the next Finger to the middle one , called the Ring-finger . Paraphimosis is a fault of the Yard , when the Praeputium's too short ; also a Narrowness and Contraction of the Womb. Paeraphrenitis is Madness accompanied with a continual Feaver through the Inflammation of the Midriff , with difficulty of breathing as the Ancients dream'd . But Dr. Willis has confuted this Opinion of it , and says the matter of it lies in the Cerebellum , whereby the Animal Spi-Spirits cannot flow , and thence the Midriff and Lungs are troubled . Paraphrosyne is a slight sort of Doting in the Imagination and Judgment . Paraphlegia is a Palsy which seizeth all the parts of the Body below the Head , through an Obstruction of the spinal Marrow . Paraplexia , idem quod Paraplegia . Pararythmus is a preternatural Breathing . Parastatae , vid. Epididymis . Parasananche is an Inflammation of the Muscles of the upper part of the Aesophagus with a continued Feaver . Paremptosis is a falling , as when Blood slides from the Heart into the great Artery . Parencephalos , idem quod Cerebellum . Perenchymata are Entrails by which the Blood passes for better Fermentation and Perfection , as the Lungs , Liver , Heart , and Spleen , &c. Sometimes Parenchyma is taken in a large Sence for all the Entrails . Paristhmia , or Amygdalae , are two Glandules tied together by a broad slender Production , they have one common Cavity large and oval , opening into the Mouth ; the Use they serve for is , to transmit a certain slimy or pituitous Matter into the Jaws and Mouth : They are called also Tonsillae . Paronychia is a preternatural Swelling in the Fingers end very troublesome ; it rises from a sharp , malign Humour ; which can gnaw the Tendons Nerves , the Membrane about the Bone , and the very Bone it self . Parotides are Glandules behind the Ears , also a preternatural Swelling of those Glandules . Paroxysmus a Fit , is part of the Period of Diseases , whereby they encrease and grow worse . It is either Ordinate , which returns at certain times , as in a Tertian Ague ; or Inordinate , that has no certain time , but comes sometimes one day , sometims another , as the Erratick Ague . Pars , a part , is a Piece of the whole serving each for their proper Uses . The Parts are either sensible or insensible , spermatick or bloody , similar , or the contrary ; organical or inorganical , principal or inservient . Partus is the bringing forth of a Mature Faetus , or Young , in natural Births . The Faetus having broken the Membranes , turns his Head forward , and inclining it towards the neck of the Womb , strives to get forth ; the usual manner is after nine Months ; yet I have known some at Amsterdam born at seven Months , who have lived to fifty or sixty . Partus Caesareus is when Children are forc'd for want of Passage to be cut out . Partus difficilis , idem quod Dystocia . Parylis is an Inflammation , Rottenness , or Excrescency besides the Gums . Passio , vid. Pathema . Pastillum is a sweet Ball compos'd of sweet Dust , Wax , the Gum-Storax , and India-Balsam with a little Goats-flower and Turpentine ; it serves for Swelling . Patella , vid. Mola Genu. Pathema is all preternatural Conturbation wherewith our Body is molested . Patheticus is the Nerve of the fourth pair within the Scull , as Dr. Willis saith , tho Fallopius reckons it one of the eighth pair . Pathognomonicum is a proper separable Sign , which agrees only to such a thing , and to all of that kind , and tells the Essence of its Subject , and also lasts from the beginning to the ●nd ; as in a true Plurisy , there 's always a continual Fever , hard Breathing , and Stitches , and a Cough . Pathologia is a part of Physick that teacheth us the preternatural Constitution of a Man's Body . Pathos , vid. Pathema . Pectoralia pectoral Medicines , are such , as either by attenuating , or thinking , or allaying , render the Matter which causes coughing fit to be expectorated . Pectus is the fore-most part of the Thorax reaching from the Neck-bone down to the Midriff . Pedicularis Morbus , vid. Phthiziasis . Pedium , vid. Tarsus . Pelicanatio Chymica , vid. Circulatio Chymica . Pelidnus is a black and blew Colour in the Face , frequent in Melancholick Men. Pelvis is the place at the bottom of the Belly , wherein the Bladder and Womb are contain'd . Pelvis Aurium , vid. Cochlea . Pelvis Cerebrs , vid. Choana . Pelvis Renum is a membranous Vessel or Receptacle in either Vein , which receives the Urine and pours it into the Bladder . Pemphigodes Febris is a Spotted Fever ; some say a windy , a flatulent Fever . Penis is the Yard , made up of two nervous Bodies , the Channel , Nut , Skin and Foreskin , &c. Penis Muliebris , vid. Clytoris . Pepansis is a rectifying and bringing to order of the vitiated and corrupt Humours . Pepasmus is a Concoction , or rather a Fermentation , or ripening of preternatural Humours ; which is twofold , One tends to an end , as in an Inflammation ; the Other hath no Fermentation , as when it cannot conquer the Disease . Pepasticum is a Medicine that allays and digests the Crudities . Pepsis is the Concoction or Fermentation of the Humours and Meat in a Man's natural Constitution , as when Meat is turn'd into Chyle , and that into Blood . Peracutissimus Morbus , vid. Acutus M. Peracutus , vid. Acutus . Perfecta Crisis , vid. Crisis . Periamma is a Medicine which being tied about the Neck , is believ'd to expel Diseases , especially the Plague . Periaptum , vid. Periamma . Pericardium is a Membrane which surrounds the whole Substance of the Heart , and contains a Liquor in it to refrigerate the Heart . Pericholus very Cholerick . Pericranium is a Membrane which infolds the Scull . Perinaeum is the ligamentous Seam betwixt the Cod and the Fundament . Periodus Morborum is the space betwixt the coming of fits of Sickness in intermitting Diseases . Periodus Sanguinis is a continued Circulation of the Blood through the Body , which is thus . The Blood is carried out of the Arteries by Fibres , either of the Flesh or of the Entrails , or the membranous parts to the Mouths of the greater Veins . Now we say that those Fibres are terminated at the Mouths of the Veins , and implanted in them , as we see many other little Channels in the Veins ; so the Blood , passing through these out of the Arteries , is presently sent to the Veins , that it may be carried back again to the right Ventricle of the Heart ; and thence by an arterious Vein to the Lungs , in which after the Blood has been accended by some nitrous Particles , breathed in thither by the Air , it goes into the veinous Artery , thence into the left Ventricle of the Heart ; which again empties it self into the Aorta or great Artery ; so that the Body may be nourished and enliven'd , it goes into every part of it . Periosteum is a thin Membrane that incloses immediately the Bones , except a few . Peripheria is the Circumference of the Body , or any Entrail thereof . Periphimosis , vid. Phimosis . Peripneumonia is an Inflammation of the Lungs accompanied with a sharp Fever , hard Breathing , a Cough , and an heavy Pain . Perisistole is the time of Rest between the Contraction and Dilatation of the Heart . Peristalticus Motus is a Crawling as it were of the Entrails , whereby the Excrements are voided . Also the motion of the Vessels whereby Humours , as Water , Chyle , the Blood , &c. ascend and descend . Peristromata are the sick Mans Bed-clothes ; also the Tunicks about the Entrails . Peritonaeum is a Membrane which cloaths the whole Abdomen on the inside , and its Entrails on the outside : It consists of two Tunicks . Perittoma is an Excrement in the Body , lest after Digestion : Also the Reliques of Diseases . Pernio is a preternatural Swelling caus'd by the Winter Cold , especially in the Hands and Feet , which at last breaks out . Perona is also called Fibula , because it joyns the Muscles of the Leg , whence the first and second Muscle in the Leg is called Peronaeus . It is the less and slenderer Bone , which is fastened outwardly to the greater Bone of the Leg , called Tibia . Peronaeus , vid. Perona . Perperacutus , vid. Acutus . Passarium is an oblong Medicine , which being made like the middle Finger , is thrust up into the neck of the Womb , and is good against several Diseases incident to it . Pessulus , the same . Pessus , the same . Pestis the Plague , is an epidemick contagious Disease , arising from a poysonous and too much exalted Nitre in the Air , which secretly takes a Man , extinguisheth the Spirits , clods the Blood , deads the sound parts , and is accompanied with Botches , Boils , and a train of other dreadful Symptomes . Pestaloides is a sort of Urine which seems to have little Leaves or Scales in it . Petechialis is a malignant Fever , call'd also Pulicaris , because it makes the Skin look as tho it were Flea-bitten . Petia is Stuff that certain Physicians Bags are made of . Petigo , vid. Lichen . Petrosum Os is the inside of the Bones of the Temples , so called from the Hardness thereof . Phacia , vid. Lenticula . Phacos is a Spot in the Face like a Nit , whence it is called Lenticula and Lentigo . Phacotos is a Chirurgical Instrument . Phenomaena are preternatural Appearances in the Body . Phagadena is an exulcerate Cancer . Phalacrosis is a falling off of the Hair . Phalangosis is a fault of the Eye-lids , when there are two rows of Hair , or when the Hair grows inward and offends the Eyes . Phalanx is the Order and rank observed in the Finger-Bones . Phantasia is an internal Sense or Imagination , whereby any thing is represented to the Mind , or impressed in it . It seems to be a certain Undulation , or waving of the Animal Spirits in the middle of the Brain , which are afterwards expanded towards its Circumference . Phantasma is the same with Phantasia . Pharmacum is any sort of Medicine against a Disease . Pharmaceutica the same that Pharmaca . Pharmacia is an art of collecting , chusing , and compounding Medicines : The Apothecary's Art . Pharmacopaea is the Doctrine , or a Description of things physical in order to cure . Pharmacopaeus is a Man that understands to make up Medicines ; he is called the Right-hand of a Physician , and a Surgeon the left . Pharyngetrum is sometimes used for the Pharinx , sometimes for the Bone Hyades . Pharyngotomia , vid. Laryngotomia . Pharynx is the upper part of the Gullet , consisting of three pair of Muscles . Philtrum is the hollow dividing the upper Lip ; also a Love-cup . Phimosis , the same that Paraphimosis ; also the Inversion of the Eye-lids through an Inflammation . Phleborragia is the breaking of a Vein . Phlebotomia opening of a Vein . Phebotomus the Blood-letter ; also an Instrument called a Phleme . Phlegma is a slimy Excrement of the Blood , caus'd often by too much nitrous Air : It is likewise a watery distilled Liquor , opposite to spirituous Liquor ; also those Clouds which appear upon distilled Waters . Hippocrates uses it often for an Inflammation : It is also the Disease of Hens , called the Pip , and is sometimes taken for a viscous Excretion . Phlegmagoga are Medicines to drive away the Phlegme . Phlegmasia an Inflammation , Heat or Burning . Phlegmatici those that are much troubled with Phlegme . Phlegmone is a Tumour of the Blood in the Flesh or Muscles , causing Heat , Redness , Beating and Pain . Phlegmonodes is an Inflammation like the former . Phlogosis the same that Phlegmone . Phlyctaena is a Pimple in the Skin ; also a little Ulcer in the corneous Tunick of the Eye . Phlyctenodes are hot watery Pustules , like the former . Phaenygmus is a Medicine that makes the Skin red . Phrenes , vid. Diaphragma . Phrenesis the same with Phrenitis . Phrentiasis the same . Phrenetici Nervi are those which belong to the Midriff . Phrenetis is a Dotage with a continual Fever , often accompanied with Madness and Anger , proceeding from too much Heat in the Animal Spirits , not from the Inflammation of the Brain , as the Antients thought . Willis thus defines it , namely , an Inflammation of the whole sensitive Soul and Animal Spirits . Phricodes is a dreadful Fever , whereby besides the Heat , Men fancy terrible things . Phtharticum is a corrupting Medicine . Phthirasis is the lousy Disease ; also a skaly Scab of the Eye-brows . Phthisicus , a Man in a Consumption . Phthisis a Consumption of the whole Body , rising from an Ulcer in the Lungs , accompanied with a slow continued Fever , smelling Breath and a Cough . Phthoe , the same . Phygethlon is a Swelling proceeding from an Inflammation of the Glandules , wherein Nature expels something ; as in the Plague about the Groins . Phyma is a Swelling : There are five sorts , Verrucae , Calli , Vari Farunculi , & Hydroa , or Desadationes . Of which in their order . Others reckon it a Tumour in the Glandules only , which quickly suppurates . Phymatodes , like the former . Physema an Inflammation in any part of the Body , as a Tympany ; also the Rosine of the Pine . Physesis , the same . Physiognomica are Signs whereby we conjecture something by the Countenance . Physiognomia is the Art of knowing Natures . Physiologia is a part of Physick , that teaches the Constitution of the Body , so far as it is sound . Physocele , vid. Pneumatocele . Physodes that which is very flatulent . Pia Mater , vid. Mater tenuis . Pica , vid. Citta . Picatio , vid. Iropacisinus . Picra , vid. Hiera picra . Pichrocholus a Man troubled with a black Bile . Pilula is a solid Medicine , made like a little Ball of Powder , Gums , Extracts , &c. mixed with a glutinous Liquor . Pili , the Hairs , are round , oblong , slender Bodies , consisting of much Sulphur and Earth ; and of different Colours according to the difference of the Constitution : They grow out at the Pores of the Skin , that the vapours may may more easily exhale through them , as through so many little Tubes or Pipes . I have discovered through my Microscope several little Knots or Valves in them . Pinealis Glandula , vid. Conarium . Pinguedo , vid. Adeps . Pinna Auris is the upper and broader part of the Ear , called the Wing . Pittacium is a little Cloth spread with a Medicine , and applied to the part affected . Pituita , vid. Phlegma . Pituitaria Glandula , vid. Glandula pituitaria . Pityriasis , vid. Fupfurratio . Pityroides a setling in the Urine like Bran. Placenta Vterina is a red Substance , like the Liver , full of Glandulous Kernels : It has an Artery and a Vein from the Navel-string , and perhaps lymphatick Vessels from the neighbouring parts ; outwardly sticks to the Womb , to either side indifferently , yet more commonly to the middle ; within it is covered with the Chorrium . It has its nourishing Moisture from the Porosities of the Womb , ( as it happens with the Papillae of the Guts which drink in the Chyle and communicate it to the milky Vessels ) which through the Navel-vein feeds the Young . The superfluous part whereof the Arteries lodg in the Ammion , that the Young may be nourished by its Mouth . The Placenta together with the Membranes is expelled after the Birth , and are called Secundinae , Secundines . Pladarosis are little soft Tumors which grow under the Eye-lids . Plagula , vid. Splenia . Planta Noctis , vid. Sudamina & Hydroa . Plastica Virtus is that which can form or fashion any thing ; it 's an old saying and a sure Refuge of Ignorance , for what the Ancients could not explain they called a plastick Virtue . Platisma is a broad Linnen-cloth put upon Sores . Platysma Myodes , vid. Myodes . Plectrum , vid. Cion . Plenitudo is when a Man has too much Blood : The same that Plethora . Plerotica are Medicines that breed Flesh and fill up Wounds . Plethora , when there 's more good Blood than 's requisite . It happens either to the Vessels , when they are stretcht out and cannot hold all ; or to the Strength , for sometimes tho the Vessels be not over full , the Strength is over loaded . Plethoricus , a Man troubled with a Plethora . Pleura is a Membrane that incloses the Breasts and its Entrails . Pleuritis a Pleurisy , is a Inflammation of the Membrane Pleura , and the intercostal Muscles , attended with a continual Fever and Stitches in the Side , difficulty of Breathing , and sometimes spitting Blood , and it 's either a true Pleurisy , this which we have described , or a bastard Pleurisy . Pleuritis Notha a bastard Pleurisy , that differs in some things from the other . Plexus choroides seems to hang over the pineal Glandule , as it were over a Button . It is an admirable Contexture of small Arteries in the Brain like a Net . Plexus nervosus is when two or three Nerves meet together and jut out . Plexus reticularis , vid. Choroides . Plica is an epidemical Disease in Polonia , when their Hairs grow together like a Cow's Tail ; besides , they are crook'd-back'd , have loose Joynts , it wrenches their Limbs and loosens them , breeds Lice , with other Symptoms . Pleumaceola , vid. Splenia . Pneumatocele is a windy Rupture , when the Skin of the Cods is distended with Wind. Pneumatodes is a short Breathing . Pneumatosis is the Generation of Animal Spirits , which is performed in the barky Substance of the Brain ; the little Arteries there are emptied , and the Spirits distil , which after they are come as far as the middle of the Brain , they actuate and Invigorate all the Nerves . Pneumatomphalus is a swelling in the Navel , got by Wind. Pneumon , the Lungs . Pnigalium , vid. Epialtes . Pnigmus , Strangling or Choaking . Podagra , vid. Arthritis , the Gout in the Feet . Pollutio nocturna is an involuntary Pollution in the Night , caused by lecherous Dreams . Polychronius is a Disease that holds a Man many Years or Months . Polygophora are Drinks or Wines full of excellent Spirits . Polypus is a Swelling in the hollow of the Nostrils , and is twofold ; either like a Tent , and goes by the general name of Sarcoma ; or such a one that has a great many distinct Branches or Feet , which extend either to the outside of the Nose or the inside of the Mouth : Their Colour is white , oftentimes reddish , and sometimes black and livid . Excrescencies of this nature happen not only in the Nostrils , but sometimes in the Heart and in the Cavities of the thicker Membrane of the Brain . Polytarcia , Corpulency . Pompholigodes , Urine with many Bubbles upon it , which are frequent if the Body be puft up or pained . Pomum Adami is a Protuberance in the foreside of the Throat ; so called , because 't is commonly thought a piece of the Apple stuck in his Throat as part of his Punishment , and hence derived to his Posterity . Pondo a Pound-weight . Joh. Rhodius writes , That of all the Roman Weights and Measures , a Pound was the chief and Standard of the Rest . Poplitea Vena , a Vein that consists of a double crural Branch , which being covered with Skin , reaches down the Back of the Leg even to the Heel . Pori , Pores , are little unperceptible Holes in the Skin , through which Sweat and other vaporous Effluviums perspire through the Body . Porocele is a Rupture proceeding from callous Matter , or the Stone . Poromphalus is a brawny piece of Flesh , or a Stone protuberant in the Navel . Porosis is the breeding of callous Matter . Porotica are Medicines which by drying , thickening , and astringent Qualities turn part of the Nourishment into brawny callous Matter . Porus bilarius , or Hepaticus , is a Channel which transmits the Bile from the Liver , by the common Ductus or Passage , into the Gut Duodenum , which Bile is segregated in the Liver , by the Intervention of some small Glandules . Porrigo , vid. Furfurratio . Portae Vena , vid. Vena . Posca , vid. Oxycratum . Postbrachiale , vid. Metaca pus . Potio , vid. Haustus . Praecipitatio is a certain Subsiding and Reviviscence of very small Particles dissolved in a convenient Liquor , by the Infusion of another Liquor . Praecordia are all the Entrails in the Chest , or Thorax . Praefocatio Vterina , vid. Hysterica passio . Praeparantia Med. vid. Digerentia . Praeparantia vasa , the preparing Vessels , are Veins and Arteries which go to the Testicles and Epididymes ( which see ; ) so called by the Ancients , thinking that they prepared the Seed : The Vein has several Branches and Anastomoses ; the Artery goes streight on , but for two , or at the most three Divisions , or Branches . Praeputium is the fore-Skin , also the Prominency of the Clytoris . Praesepia the holes of either Jaw , wherein are contained the Teeth . Praeservatoria Indicatio is a way whereby we prevent Diseases . Pregma , vid. Bregma . Presbytia is a dimness of Sight in things nigh at hand , tho a Man see tolerably well things at a distance : Usual with old Men. Priapismus is a continual Erection of the Yard without Lust : Also the Yard it self . Primores Dentes the fore-Teeth , wherewith we chaw our Meat , and which we show in laughing . Principes dies , vid. Critici dies . Principia , vid. Elementa . Probole , vid. Apophisia . Procatarctica is the pre-existent Cause of a Disease , which co-operates with others that are subsequent ; whether it be external or internal , as Anger , or Heat in the Air , which beget ill Juice in the Blood , and cause a Feaver . Procatarxis , the same . Processus , vid. Apophysis . Processus Peritonaei are as it were two oblong Pipes or Channels , reaching to the Skin of the Cods through the Holes of the Tendons of the oblique and transverse Muscles , in which Productions , or Didymi , as the Ancients call'd them , the seminary Vessels descend and return towards the Stones they grow under and cover them . Procidentia Ani , is a falling of the Gut Rectum by reason of too much looseness through the Fundament . Procidentia uteri , is a relaxing of the inner Tunick of the Vagina of the Womb , which falls through the Privities , and was cut off by Physicians : Formerly , and even still some think the Womb may fall down , but the Ligaments of the Womb hinder any such fall . Procondyli are the Bones of the Fingers next the back of the Hand . Prodromus is a Disease that comes before a greater , as the straitness of the Breast predicts a Consumption , or the Rickets . Productio , vid. Apophysis . Proegumena is an antecedent internal Cause of a Disease in the Body occasioned by another , and so causing the Disease , that if it be taken away , the Disease may still continue ; as a Plethora , or ill Juice in the Blood , produced by an ill way of Diet , whence proceeds an Obstruction of Vessels and Passages , and a Constipation of the Entrails . Prognosis & Signa prognostica are Signs whereby we know what will become of the Patient . Projectura , vid. Apophysis . Prolabia the outmost prominent parts of the Lips . Prolapsus uteri , vid. Vteri prolapsus . Prolepticus is a Disease always anticipating ; so as if the Ague come to day at four of the Clock , then to Morrow one Hour sooner , and so on . Prophasis is a Fore-knowledg in Diseases ; also an Occasion or antecedent Cause . Prophylactica is a part of that part of Physick called Hygieina , ( or what respects the Preservation of Health ) which gives notice of future but imminent Diseases . Prophylaxis , the same . Propoma is a Drink made of Wine and Honey , or Sugar . Propotisma is the taking a Dose . Proptosis is the falling down of some part , as of the Eye , the Caule , &c. Prospheromena are Meats or Medicines taken inwardly . Prosphysis is a Coalition , or growing together , as when two Fingers are connected to each other . Prostatae , Adstantes , or Corpora glandulosa , are two Glandules under the seminal Bladders , near the Passage of the Seed , which ( as may be guessed ) Lubricitates the common Passage of the Seed and Urine , and is a Vehicle to the seminal Matter , and are said to provoke the Titillation in Coition : Their Moisture being conveyed by certain little Tubes , which terminate in the Passage near where the Seed is ejected , is emitted at the same time with it : The Learned Bartholine has observed some such thing in Women . Prostethis is the fore-side of the Breast ; also a fleshy part in the Hollows of the Feet and Hands , and betwixt the Fingers . Prostesis a part of Surgery which fills up what is wanting ; as we see in hollow and fistulous Ulcers fill'd up with Flesh by Chirurgery . Protopathia is a primary Disease , not caus'd by another . Protuberantia , vid. Apophysis . Provocatorii Dies , see Critici Dies , and Intercalares . Pruna , see Carbunculus . Pruritus , the Itch , is a dry Unevenness of the Skin caused by Saline fixed Particles , pricking the Skin , and kept in by others more retentive which cannot exhale . Psammismus , a Bath of dry and warm Sand , wherewith the Feet of Men in the Dropsy are dryed . Psammodea are sandy and gravelly Matter in the Urine . Psammos , a Gravel which breeds in Mens Bodies , and is voided in Fits of the Stone . Psilothron is a Medicine wherewith Hairs are either taken out of the Body , or thinned , if they be extreme rough . Psoas are Muscles of the Loins , which proceed from about the two lowermost Vertebres of the Thorax , and the three uppermost Vertebres of the Loins or Flank : They descend obliquely upon the Rotator minor of the Thigh , and bend the Thigh . Psora is a wild Scab that makes the Skin Scaly . Psoriasis is a dry itching Scab of the Cods , which is often accompanied with an Exulceration . Psorica are Medicines against the Scab . Psorophthalmia is an itching Scab of the Eyes . Psyctica are cooling Medicines . Psydracia , according to Paulus and Alexander , are little Ulcers of the Skin of the Head , like those which are wont to burn the Skin . Celsus says , they are an hard sort of Pustle something whitish , and acute , out of which is squeezed a moist Matter . Psydraces , according to others , are little Pustles or Pimples , which break out upon the Skin , like Bubbles , by reason of the Winter cold . Psylothrum , see Psilothron . Ptarmica , or Sternuta loria , are those things which being endowed with a more piercing Acrimony than their Errhinaceous Medicines , do so extreamly irritate and shrivel up the Membranes of the Brain , that it sends forth the pituitous Humour at the Nostrils in an extraordinary Measure . Pterna , see Calx . Pterygium is the Wing or round Rising of the Nose or Eye , or the Process of the Bone Sphenoides which is like a Wing . Also a membranous Excrescence above the horney Tunic of the Eye , called Vnguis and Vngula , growing for the most part from the inner corner towards the Apple of the Eye , and often obscuring it : Also the Nymphae of a Womans secret Parts . Pterygoides are the Processes and Muscles of the Wedg-like Bone . Pterystaphylini are Muscles of the peice of Flesh in the Roof of the Mouth called Gargareon , which proceed from the Wing-like Processes , and are terminated in the sides of the Wula , or Gargareon . Ptylosis is when the Brims of the Eye-lids being grown thick the Hairs of the Eye-Brows fall off . Ptisana , Ptisan , is a Decoction of Barley husked , Liquorish , Raisins . Ptyalismus is a too great Spitting . Ptyalon is Spit , or that Matter which is brought up from the Lungs by Coughing ; for Saliva ( which we English Spittle too ) properly signifies the Moisture which is excerned by the Ductus Salivales . Ptysma , see Ptyalon . Pugillus is an handful of any Herbs . Others interpret it as much as may be taken up with three Fingers . Pulmones , the Lungs , are Organs of Respiration . The Famous Malpighius makes the Substance of the Lungs ( excepting the Nerves , a few Vessels , and the Branches of the Wind-Pipe ) to be nothing but an Heap of little Bladders , the contexture whereof is so ordered , that there 's a Passage into them from the Wind-Pipe , and into one another ; till they all open into the Membrane which clothes the Lungs . The use of the Lungs is to breathe withal , and to mix and accend the Blood with the Nitre they suck in . Pulpa is the fleshy part of Fruits , Roots , or other Bodies , which is extracted by Infusion or Boyling , and passing through a Sive : As the Pulp of Tamarinds , Cassia , Althaea , Dates , &c. Pulsus , the Pulse , is the immediate Index of the Heart , by the mediation whereof the Blood is diffused through the whole Body , and is differently affected thereby according to the different Influx of the Animal Spirits ; the Motion whereof is chiefly to be attributed to the circular and direct Fibres . Others affirm it to be the Dilatation and Contraction of the Heart and Blood . A Pulse is either natural or preternatural ; of the former we have spoken already ; the latter is such as is different according to the different Circumstances of the Fibres and Animal Spirits , to wit , strong , weak , swift , slow , equal , unequal , intermittent , &c. Pulvilli , the same with Splenia . Pulvis , see Species . Punctum lachrymale , see Lachrymale punctum . Punctum saliens , in the growth of an Egg you see a little Speck , or Cloud as it were , in the innermost Tunic of it , called Amnios , which growing gradually thicker , acquires a kind of slimy Matter , in the middle whereof you see first this Punctum saliens ( a little Speck that seems to leap ; ) afterward the rude Body of an Embrio , just like a shapeless kind of Maggot ; which tends every Day more and more to Perfection . Pupilla , or Pupula , is the opening of the Tunic of the Eye , called Wea or Choroides ; it is round in Man , and is wont to be contracted or dilated like a Muscle , according to the different Influx of the Animal Spirits . Pupula , see Pupilla . Purgantia , Purging Medicines are those , which by reason of a peculiar disposition of their parts irritate the fleshy Fibres of the Ventricle , which become swoln and consequently contracted at the right end , so that the whole Substance of the Stomach is drawn up together and inclined towards the Pylorus , whence follows an Excretion downwards . Purgatio , Purging , is an Excretory Motion quick and frequent , proceeding from a quick and orderly Contraction of the carneous Fibres of the Stomach and Intestines ; whereby the Chyle , and Excrements , and corrupted Humors , either bred or sent there from other parts , are protruded from part to part , till they be quite excluded the Body . Pus , see Pyon . Pustulae , Pimples , are the Recrements of ill Blood that shoot forth in the Skin , and for want of Perspiration , or too viscous a Matter , stick there and cause an unequal Surface . Putrefactio Chymica , is the Dissolution of a concrete Body , by natural Rottenness , in a moist Heat which corrupts the very Substance of it , and penetrates its most intimate Parts . Pyon , or Pus , is putrified Blood concocted into white Matter . Pycnosis , see Pycnotica . Pycnotica , see Incrassantia . Pyelos , see Choana . Pylorus , or Janitor , is the right Orifice of the Ventricle , which sends the Meat out of the Stomach . Pyosis is a Collection of Pus in any pa●● of the Body . Pyramidales Musculi are placed in the Abdomen , and lye upon the lowest Tendons of the right Muscles . They are not parts of the right Muscles , as Vesalius and Columbus are of opinion , but distinct , as Falopius proves , tho with some pertinent some impertinent Arguments . The peculiar Membrane wherewith they are clothed , and the order of their Fibres , shew them to be different from the right Muscles . They proceed from the external Os Pubis , and the higher they climb the narrower they grow , and end about the Navel in the white Seam ; sometimes they are wanting , or the left is less than the right , or the right than the left . Pyramidalia are Vessels which prepare the Seed , of which in their proper place . Also Muscles of the Nostrils and of the Abdomen called Pyramidales , or of a Pyramidical Figure . Also two Strings of Marrow about the Basis of the oblongated Marrow . Pyretologia , is a Description of Fevers : Of which Dr. Willis has writ most accurately . Pyrotechnia , the same that Chymia . Pyrotica , or Vrentia , are Medicines virtually hot , which being applied to Human Bodies , grow extreamly hot ; because that having Particles and Pores so ordered , that Vapors and Humors insinuating into them , the subtile Matter finds such Passages , that it being moved extream violently , forces certain earthy , hard , and acute Particles , which slote in the Passages , upon the neighbouring parts with great Impetuosity , and so excites an Heat which corrupts , or changes differently , according to the diversity of its Motion , and the Particles which are moved . Such are things that cause Redness , that blister , that ripen or rot , that close up and bring Wounds to a Crust , and that pull Hairs out of the Body . Pyulcus is an Instrument wherewith Pus , or corrupted Matter , is evacuated . Pyxis is the Cavity of the Hip-Bone , which is called Acctabulum .

Q. QVadrans , Physitians reckon a Weight of three Ounces , that is the fourth part of a Roman Pound . Qualitas is a Disposition or Contexture of little Particles , whence our Bodies may be any way denominated of such a Quality . Quality is manifest , hidden , poysonous , contagious , Pestilent , &c. Quartana febris intermittens , a Quartan Ague , which the Ancients called Saturn's Daughter . It is at this Day a Scandal to Physicians , because it is so hard to be cured by those who follow the old way . It is a preternatural Effervescence of the Blood , which attaques a Man every fourth Day , and then leaves him . It is caused by an acid austere Blood , and nutritious Juice hindred in its Assimilation . Quartarium , the same that Quadrans . Quid pro Quo is when a Medicine of one Nature and Quality is substituted for another , which is not to be done without the consent of Physicians . Quinta Essentia , see Essentia quinta . Quotidiana febris intermittens , an intermitting Quotidian Ague , is that which returns every Day , and proceeds from crude Blood and an ill Assimilation of Chyle .

R. RAbdoides , the same that Sutura Sagittalis . Rabies Hydrophobica , see Hydrophobia . Rachitae and Rachiaei are Muscles belonging to the Back . Rachitis , see Rhachitis . Radicales dies , see Critici dies . Radius is the less Bone of the Cubit , called Focile minus ; it is more oblique than the great Bone called Vlna , and is distant a little from it in the middle , where there occurs a small Ligament : Above the Vlna receives the Radius , and below the Radius receives it . The upper part of the Radius is jointed with the outward Process of the Arm by Diarthrosis ( which see ) ; the lower by way of Appendix with the wrist Bone at the middle Finger . It s upper end is small , and the lower thick . It is also the greater Bone of the Leg. Ramex , see Hernia . Ranula , see Hypoglossum . Raphe , see Sutura . Rarefacientia , rarifying Remedies , are such as by dissipating a little the Vapours and Humors make the Pores of Bodies larger . Rasetta , the same that Carpus . Raspatorium , or Scalprum Rasorium , is a Chirurgeons Instrument to scrape or shave filthy and scaly Bones with . Raucedo , the same that Branchus . Recidivus morbus , a Relapse , is when the morbifick Matter , that was left in the first Distemper , begins to work and ferment again . Rectificatio is a repeated distillation of Liquors , to exalt and purify them the more . Reduvia is a certain light Cleft or Chap in the Skin at the Roots of the Nails . Refrigeratorium is a wooden Vessel , full of Water with a streight or spiral Pipe in it of Tin or Lead , which distilled Water is to flow through to cool it . Regius morbus , see Icterus . Relaxantia , see Chalastica . Relaxatio is a Dilatation of Parts or Vessels . Reminiscentia , Remembrance , is a Perception whereby the Ideas of things before perceived , and impressed upon the Mind by Sensation or other Perception , are again offered and represented to the Soul , by the Mediation of Animal Spirits , in the common Sensory ; either by their former Footsteps and Images impressed upon the Brain , or by some Words or other Signs which awakened and stirred them up . Or Reminiscence is an arbitrary drawing out of things , which were before impressed upon the Brain , for its own use . Remissio Febrium , a remitting of Fevers , is a boyling down of hot and over-boyling Blood , which is Absolute in intermittent Fevers , and but Partial in continued ones . Renes , the Reins or Kidneys ; there are two of them in the Abdomen , placed under the Liver and Spleen ; the right Kidney is lower in a Man than the left : They are chiefly made up of little Channels , or Conduits , which arise from the Glandules that lye about the Extremities of the Arteries , whence they receive the Serum , which passes on to the Carunculae Papillares , or little pieces of pappy Flesh , to the Pelvis , ( or Basin ) to the Ureters , the Bladder , and so out of Doors . Renes succenturiati , see Capsulae atrabilariae . Repellentia are such things as by stopping the Heat and Afflux of Humors , and by shutting up the Pores with their cold or binding Qualities , decrease the swelling of a part , and drive the Humors another way . Res naturales , Natural Things are three ; Health , the Causes of Health , and its Effects . Others reckon seven , as the Elements , Temperaments , Humors , Spirits , Parts , Faculties , Actions ; but Elements and Temperaments belong to natural Philosophy ; Humors , Spirits and Parts are reckoned amongst the Causes of Health , which consist of a good Temperature and a due Conformation ; Faculties and Actions are comprehended under the Effects of Health . Res non naturales , Things that are not Natural are Six : Air , Meat and Drink , Motion and Rest , Sleep and Waking , the Affections of the Mind , Things that are let out of , and Things retained in the Body . They are so called , because that if they exceed their due Bounds , they often occasion Diseases . Res preter Naturam , things beside Nature are Diseases , their Causes , their Symptoms and Effects . Resolventia , dissolving Remedies are such as are apt to dissipate or scatter Particles , that are driven into the Body or any part of it , with their own spirituous and sulphureous Particles . Respiratio , Breathing , is an alternate Dilatation and Contraction of the Chest , whereby the nitrous Air is taken in by the Wind-Pipe for the accension of the Blood , and by and by is driven out again with other vaporous Effluviums . The Cause of Respiration does not seem to consist in the Dilatation and Contraction of the Thorax , as is commonly thought , but in the Contraction of the Tunic which covers the upper part of the Oesophagus and the Wind-Pipe as far as its Closest Recesses . Rete mirabile , the wonderful Net , in the Brain , is so called by reason of its admirable Structure ; it consists of several small Arteries ; it is under the Basis of the Brain , and comprehends the pituitary Glandule , by the sides of the Bone Ophenoides : The Use of it is , that the Blood may cast off its serous parts into the pituitary Glandule , that it may afford finer and purer Spirits : Secondly , lest the Blood by rushing too suddenly upon the Brain , should in some measure suppress it ; it is not so found in a Man and an Horse , which perform noble things . Reticularis plexus , the same that Choroides . Reticulum , the same that Omentum . Retiformis plexus , see Plexus retiformis . Retiformis tunica is a certain Expansion of the inner Substance of the Optic Nerve in the Eye , which is to the Eye like a whited Wall in a dark Chamber , which receives and represents the visible Species that are let in by a hole in a darkened Room . Retina tunica , see Retiformis and Amphiblestroides . Retorta , a Retort , is a Chymical Vessel , made of Glass , Stone , or Iron ; of a round Figure , to the side whereof there is fastened a bended , retorted , and hollow Beak or Nose , whereby the things that are to be distilled are put in and out . Reverberatio chymica is a Burning , whereby Bodies are calcined by an actual Fire in a Furnace called Reverberium . Reverberium is a Chymical Oven or Furnace , wherein Bodies that are to be burned or distilled are calcined . Revulsoria , V. S. is whereby the Blood that gushes upon one part is diverted a contrary way , by the opening of a Vein in a remote and convenient place . Rhachitis is the Spinal Marrow , which see in its proper place : Also a Disease common amongst the English , which is an unequal Nourishing of parts accompanied with Looseness of parts , Softness , Weakness , Faintness , Drowzyness , a great swelling Head , with Leanness below the Head , with Protuberances about the Joints , Crookedness of Bones , Straitness of the Breast , Swelling of the Abdomen , Stretching of the Hypochondres , a Cough , &c. The English call it the Rickets : But because the occasion of it often lyes in the Spinal Marrow , the Famous Glisson calls it appositely enough Rhachitis . Rhagades , the Latines say Soissurae , Eissurae , Rimae , Chinks , Clefts , which as they happen in other parts of the Body , Hands , Feet , Lips , the entrance of the Womb ; so they may happen in the Fundament , in the Extremity of the Gut Rectum , and in the Sphincter or Muscle which closes the Fundament . Rhagades in the Fundament are certain oblong little Ulcers , without Swelling , like those which are sometimes occasioned in the Hands by great Cold. Some are superficial , others deep : Some are not hard nor callous , others are : Some are moist and send forth Matter , others dry and cancrous . Rhegma is a Breaking or Bursting of any part , as of a Bone , the inner Rine of the Belly , the Eye , &c. Rheuma , Rheum , is a Defluxion of Humor from the Head upon the parts beneath , as upon the Eyes , or Nose . Rheumatismus is a wandring Pain in the Body , often accompanied with a small Fever , Swelling , Inflammation , &c. Rhexis , the same that Rhegma . Rhinenchytes is a little Syringe to inject Medicines into the Nostrils . Rhodinum is Rose-Vinegar , or any thing made of Roses . Rhomboides is a pair of Muscles proceeding from the three lowermost Vertebres of the Neck , and as many upper Spinal Processes of the Vertebres of the Back : By and by they descend , and being fleshy at the beginning and end , go as far as the Basis of the Shoulder-blade , which they move backward and obliquely upward . Rhyptica are scouring Medicines which cleanse away Filth . Rhythmus is a certain proportion of Pulses , Time , Life , Age , &c. Rhythidosis is a Wrinkling of any part . Rigor is a Vibration and Concussion of the Skin and Muscles of the whole Body , accompanied with Chilness . Rima pudendi , or Fissura magna , is so called , because it reaches from the lower part of the Os Pubis almost as far as the Fundament , so that the space betwixt the one and the other , which is called Perinaeum , or Interforamineum , is scarce a Fingers breadth . By frequent Coition it grows larger . The use of it is for Generation , Excretion of Urine and other Excrements , and for the bearing of Young . Risus Sardonius is a Contraction of each Jaw . Rob , see Apochylisma . Robub , the same . Roriferus ductus , the same that Ductus chyliferus . Ros , in the account of the Ancients , was the first Moisture that falls from the Extremities of Vessels , and is dispersed upon the Substance of the Members . Ros , says Galen , is a third sort of Moisture whereby the parts of our Body are nourished , and is contained in all the parts of an Animal , like a certain Dew sprinkled upon them : This is the Opinion of the Ancients . Rosa , the same that Erysipelas . Rostriformis processus , see Coracoides . Rotator major & minor , are two Apophyses in the upper part of the Thigh-Bone , called Trichanteres , in which the Tendons of many Muscles are terminated . Rotula , the same that Mola genu . Rotulae , see Tabellae . Rubrica , see Impetigo . Ructatio , Belching , is a depraved Motion of the Stomach , occasioned by an Effervescence there , whereby Vapours and flatulent Matter are sent out at the Mouth . And it is either acid , or stinking , or savours like something burnt or roasted . Ructus , see Bombus and Ructatio . Rugitus is an Effervescence of Chyle and Excrements in the Blood , whereby Wind and several other Motions are excited in the Guts , and rowl up and down the Excrements , when there 's no easy Vent nor upwards nor downwards . Ruptio , see Rhegma . Ryas is a too plentiful and preternatural falling of Tears .

S. SAccus is the Gut called Rectum . Sacculus Chyliferus , or Roriferus , is the lower part of the Passage of the Chyle , into which are inserted all the Lacteal Veins of the second sort , and a great number of the Lymphatic Vessels . Sacculus Cordis , see Pericardium . Sacculi Medicinales , are ▪ when several Simples , according to the Nature of the Disease , are compounded and beaten together , and tied up in a little Bag , to be applyed to the part affected . The Bag is to be sewed or quilted down in several places , that the Ingredients run not altogether in a Lump . Sacer Ignis , see Herpes Exedens . Sacer Morbus , see Epilepsia . Sacrum Os , the Holy Bone , consists of the six lower Vertebres , to which are joyned the Ossa Coccygis , or Hip Bones ; in the hinder part of the Abdomen it makes that Cavity which is called Pelvis or the Bason . Sagittalis Sutura , or Veruculata , is that Suture of the Scull , which begins at the Coronal or Crown Suture , and ends in the Lambdoidal Suture . Saliva & Salivum , Spittle , is an insipid Liquor , which being separated in the Maxillar Glandules or Glandules of the Jaws , and by proper Passages flowing into the Mouth , serves to moisten its Mouth and Gullet , and assists to the chewing of Meat , and in some measure to the Digestion and Fermentation of it in the Stomach . Salivatio , Salivation , is an Evacuation of Spittle by Salivating Medicines , of which sort principally are Mercurial Preparations . Salivation is sometimes taken for a preternatural Increase of Spittle . Salvatella , is that Vein which from the Veins of the Arm is terminated in the little Finger . Sanguificatio , see Haematosis . Sanguis , Blood , is a red florid Liquor contained in the Veins and Arteries , and consists of all those parts of the Chyle which pass through the Papillae , the little soft risings of the Intestines . This is that which gives Nourishment , Life and Strength to all the parts of the Body . The Microscope discovers that the parts of the Blood are round or globular naturally , but that in Fevers 't is full of Worms . Sanies , is a thick and bloody Pus , or Matter . Sanitas , see Hygieia . Sapa , see Apochylisma . Saphaena is the Vein of the Leg , or Crural Vein . Saphatum is a dry Scurf in the Head , see Achor . Saponea is a Lambitive made of Almonds . Sapor , see Gustus . Sarcocele is a Rupture , which consists in a fleshy Excrescence of the Testicles . Sarcoma is a fleshy Excrescence . Sarcomphalum is a fleshy Excrescence of the Navel . Sarcophagum , see Cathaereticum . Sarcosis , see Sarcoma . Sarcotica are those Medicines which fill up Wounds with Flesh , such as by their moderate Heat and cleansing qualities keep Wounds and Ulcers free from Filth and preserve the natural temper of the Parts , so that the Aliment easily supplies the Solution of the Parts . Sare , see Essere . Satyriasis , sive Priapismus , is an immoderate desire of Venery , which upon Coition vanishes . 'T is taken sometimes for the Leprosy , because in that Disease the Skin acquires the Roughness of a Satyr : 'T is likewise used for the Swelling of the Glandules behind the Ears . Satyriasmus , see Satyriasis . Scabies , the Itch : 'T is of two sorts , moist and dry ; the Moist is an inequality or roughness of the Skin with moist and purulent Pustles , accompanied with a constant Itching ; the Dry Itch is fourfold Pruritus , Impetigo , Psora , and Lepra , which see . Scalenum , is that pair of Muscles which extend the Neck . They are perforated to make way for the Veins and Arteries , and the Nerves of the hinder part of the Neck as they go to the Arm. Scalpellum Vmbilicarium , is the Knife with which the Midwife cuts off the Navels of Children . Scalprum Chirurgicum , a Lancet . Scalprum Rasorium , see Raspatorium . Scamnum Hypocratis , Hypocrates's Bench , is an Instrument of six Ells long , 't is used in setting of Bones . Scapha , is the Inner Rim of the Ear. Scaphoides , is the Third Os Tarsi in the Foot , 't is joyned to the Ancle-Bone and the three hinder Bones : 'T is called also Os Naviculare from some resemblance it has of a Boat . Scapula , see Homoplata . Scarificatio , Scarification , 't is an Incision of the Skin with a Pen-knife or Lancet : This is done either with or without Cupping-Glasses ; without Cupping-Glasses if there be any Mortification or Gangrene , because the Separation is by all means to be hastned ; with Cupping-Glasses , if there be a necessity of taking away Blood . Sceletum , a Skeleton , is when the Bones are dryed and put together according to Art in their natural Order and Position . Scelotyrbe , is a wandring Pain in the Legs , proceeding chiefly from the Scurvey . Hence the Water proper for this Distemper is called Aqua Scelotyrbitis . Schesis , is the Disposition of the Body . Schetica febris , is opposed to the Hectic Fever , because it is seated mostly in the Blood and is easily cured , but a Hectic Fever is fixed in the very Habit of the Body , and not to be removed without great difficulty . Schisma , a Cut in any part either hard or soft . Schiatica , see Arthritis . Schirrosis , see Schirrus . Schirrus & Schirroma , is a hard , livid Swelling , that resists the touch and is without Pain . Scleriasis , is a Hardness of any part . Scleroma , the same . Scleropthalmia is a hard Blearedness of the Eyes accompanied with Pain , a slow Motion of the Eyes , with redness and dryness of 'em . Sclerotica , see Cornea . Sclerotica , or hardning Medicines , are such as unite the parts more firmly amongst themselves , and that either by dissipating the thin and soft parts , or else sometimes by retaining them ; the first by hardning the Matter into a Schirrus by too hot Medicines , the latter is done when the part affected acquires a Hardness by cooling and astringent Medicines , such are Sengreen , Nightshade , Porcelan , and Water-Lintels . Therefore these Sclerotic Medicines are either healing , or else cooling and astringent . Scleruntica , the same with Sclerotica . Scoliasis , is a Distortion of the Back-Bone to one or t'other side . Scolopomachaerion , is a Chirurgions Knife , with which Wounds of the Thorax are widened ; 't is used also in opening larger Swellings ; as also in opening the Abdomen . Scorbutus , the Scurvy , is a Disease that is Epidemial to the Hollanders . The Symptoms of it are generally , livid Spots on the Hands and Feet , weakness of the Legs , stinking Breath , looseness of the Teeth , bleeding of the Gums , Convulsions , Pains , running Gout , Cholick , &c. This is of two kinds , either Salino-Sulphureus , when the Sulphur is predominant to Salt ; or Sulphureo-Salinus , when the Salt is predominant to the Sulphur ; this is likewise either in the Blood or nervous Juice . Scriptulus , see Scrupulus . Scotoma , the same with Scotomia . Scotomia , Dizziness or Swimming of the Head , is when the Animal Spirits are so whirled about that the External Objects seem to run round . Scrobiculus Cordis , see Anticardium . Scroptula , are preternatural hard Glandules , or preternatural Swellings of the Glandules of the Neck and Ears ; they are contained in a proper Tunic . Scrotum , the Cod , is a Bag which contains the Testicles of the Male , it consists of a Skin fleshy Panniculus , the two Tunics Erythrois and Elythrois . In the middle of it is a Line extended in the length , which divides the right part from the left . For more easy Distention or Contraction 't is void of Fat . Scrotum Cordis , see Pericardium . Scrupulus , a Scruple , it is the third part of a Drachm and contains twenty Grains . Scutiforme Os , see Mola Genu. Scutiformis Cartilago , see Ensiformis . Scutum , see Mola Genu. Scybala , are Sheeps , or Goats , &c. Buttons , or Excrement . Scypho , is the Infundibulum in the Brain : Likewise those Passages which convey the Spittle from the Os Cribriforme to the Pallat. Sectio Caesaria , see Hysteratomotocia . Secundinae , the Secundine , or After-Birth , are the three Membranes , Chorion , Alantois , and Amnion , which with the Placenta , are excluded after the Birth . Sedimentum Vrinae , the Sediment of Urine , are parts of the nutritious Juice , which being separated from the Blood , with the Serum , because of their gravity , sink to the bottom of the Urine . Sella Equina , seu Turcica , it is compounded of four Processes of the Bone Sphenoeides , or Wedg-like Bone ; it contains the Pituitarian Glandule , and in Brutes the Rete Mirabile . Sella Sphenoeidis , the same with Sella Equina . Sella Turcica , the same . Semeiosis , see Diagnosis . Semeiotica , is that part of Physick which treats of the Signs of Health and Sickness . Semen , Seed , is a white , hot , spirituous , thick , clammy , saltish Humor , which is made out of the thinnest parts of the Blood in the Testicles and Epididymides , and by proper Passages is ejected into the Womb of the Female . There is also in the Female a Matter which is called Seed , which proceeds from the Prostates , and frequently in their Lechery is emitted forth : The use of this is to raise Titillation , and render the Coition more pleasant . Semicupium , is a Bath in which the Patient is only up to the Navel in Water . Sensorium Commune , or the Seat of common Sense , is that part of the Brain in which the Nerves from the Organs of all the Senses are terminated , which is in the beginning of the Medulla Oblongata . Sensus , Sense , is when the Motion impressed by the outward Objects upon the Fibres of the Nerves is convey'd , by the help of the Animal Spirits in the Nerves , to the common Sensory or Medulla Oblongata . Sephyros , is a hard Inflammation of the Womb. Septa , the same with Septica . Septica , sive Putrefacientia , are those things which by a malignant Heat and sharpness rot and corrupt the Flesh . Septum Lucidum , is a Partition , upon the account of its thinness Diaphanous , which distinguishes the Ventricles of the Brain . Septum Transversum , see Diaphragma . Serpigo , see Lichen . Serapium , see Syrupus . Serra , a Saw . Serum , is a watery , thin , yellowish , and saltish Humor , which consists chiefly of Water , with a moderate quantity of Salt and a little Sulphur : The Use of it is to be a Vehicle to the Blood . Sesamoeidea Ossa , are 16 , 19 , 20 , and sometimes more little Bones , so called from the likeness they have to Sesamum Seeds , which are found in the Joynts of the Hands and Feet . Setaceum , is when the Skin of the Neck is taken up and run through with a Needle ; and the Wound afterward kept open by Bristles , a Skean of Silk , &c. that so the ill Humors may vent themselves . Sextans , is the sixth part of a Pound , containing two Ounces . Sialismus , see Ptyalismus . Sialochus , see Ptyalismus . Sialon , see Sielos & Saliva . Sideratio , see Spacelos . Sief Album , see Collyrium . Sigmoides , are the Apophyses of the Bones , representing the Letter C of the ancient Greeks . Also the three Valves of the Great Artery that hinder the Blood from returning back to the Heart . Signum Morbi , the Symptome of a Disease . Siliqua , is half a Lupin , of which six weigh a Scruple . This is to be understood of the Seed contained in it . Similares partes , Similar Parts , are such as are throughout of the same Nature and Texture . Simplicia , Simples , are Medicines unmixt and uncompounded . Sinapismus , is a Medicine applyed to the Head , and is prepared of Mustard , wild Radish , Salt , and Leven . Sinciput , the sides of the Head . Singultus , see Lygmus . Sinus Mening is , are those Cavities which Galen calls the Ventricles of the Thick Membrane . The first and second , or the lateral Sinus's , are seated between the Brain and the Cerebellum , and end in the Vertebral Sinus's . The third begins from the Os Cribiforme , and ends in the middle of the former Sinus's . The fourth arises from the Pinealis Glandule , and ends in the middle of the lateral Sinus's . The Insertion of these Sinus's is called Torcular Herophili . The Sinus's after they have passed through the Skull , are partly continued with the Jugular Veins , and partly descend through the whole length of the Spinal Marrow down to the Os Sacrum . The Use of them is to supply the place of Veins , for they convey the Blood from the Brain and Cerebellum , partly into the Jugular Veins , and partly into the Vertebral Sinus's . Sinus Ossium , are those Cavities of the Bones which receive the Heads of other Bones . Sircasis , is an Inflammation or rather great Heat of the Brain and its Membranes , occasion'd by the heat of the Sun : This is frequent in Children , because of the thinness of their Skulls . Sirones , are a sort of Pustles which arise in the Palms of the Hands and Soles of the Feet , and contain in them a very little sort of Worms or Lice . Sitis , Thirst , is a Defect of the Salival Juice which occasions the fancy and desire of Drink . Solutio chymica , is a resolving any Body into its Chymical Principles ; which are , Spirit , Salt , Sulphur , Water and Earth . Solutio continui , is a Dissolution of the Unity and Continuity of the Parts : As in Wounds , Ulcers , Fractures , &c. Somnambulo , see Noctambulo . Somnifera , or Sleeping Medicines , are such which consisting of faetid Sulphureous parts , dissipate and extinguish the Animal Spirits , and hinder their increase , whence follows Sleep . Somnus , Sleep , is a streightning of the Pores of the Brain , caused by the Rest of the Animal Spirits , by which means the outward Senses rest from their Operations . Somnolentia continua , is a constant Drouziness and Inclination to Sleep ; this comes to pass when the Pores of the outward or Cortical Substance of the Brain are quite closed up by some viscous Matter , so that the Animal Spirits cannot freely pass . Spagyrica Medecina , see Hermetica . Sparadrapum , is a piece of Linnen ting'd of both sides , either with a thick Ointment , or Plaister , and is made this way ; after you have melted your Ointment , or Plaister , dip your Linnen in it ; extend it and keep it for use . Sora , see Essere . Sparganum , see Fascia . Sparganosis , is a Distention of the Breasts , occasioned by too much Milk . Spasma , see Spasmns . Spasmodica , are Medicines against Convulsions . Spasmologia , is a Treatise of Convulsions . Spasmus , is any Convulsive Motion . Cardan makes two sorts of Convulsive Affections , viz. Tetanus and Spasmus ; by the former he understands a constant Contraction , whereby the Member becomes rigid and inflexible ; by the latter he understands sudden Concussions and Motions , which cease and return alternately . Spatha , is an oblong Instrument , broad at the lower end : Its Use is to take up Conserves and Electuaries without fouling the Hands . Spathomela , is an oblong Instrument , made of Silver or Iron , which Chirurgions and Apothecaries use . Species , or Pouders , are those Simples which are designed to make Compounds with . So Species of Treacle are those Ingredients of which Treacle is compounded : By the same Name are called the Species of ordinary Decoctions . This Name is chiefly given to some Aromatick and Purging Pouders : Perhaps because heretofore they were made up into Electuaries , Bolus's , &c. Specifica Medicamenta , are those Medicines which have a peculiar Virtue against some one Disease . Specillum , a Probe . Speculum lucidum , see Septum Lucidum . Speculum Oculi , the Apple or Pupil of the Eye : see Aranea Tunica Oculi . Speculum Oris , see Dilatatorium . Spermaticae Partes , are those Arteries and Veins which bring the Blood to and convey it from the Testicles : Likewise those Vessels through which the Seed passes : Likewise all whitish parts of the Body , which because of their whiteness were anciently thought to be made of the Seed : Of this sort are Nerves , Bones , Membranes , Grissles , &c. Spermatocele , a Rupture caused by the Contraction of the Vessel which ejects the Seed , and its falling down into the Scrotum . Sphacelodes , like to the Apoplexy . Sphacelus , is a sudden Extinction of Life and Sense in every part . Sphagitides , are the Jugular Veins in the Neck . Sphenoeides , see Sphenois . Sphenois , see Os Cuneiforme . Sphenopharyngaeus , is a pair of Muscles arising from the Sinus of the inner Wing of the Os Cuneiforme , or Wedg-like Bone , and going obliquely downward , is extended into the sides of the Gullet ; it dilates the Gullet . Sphincter , is a Muscle that contracts the Gullet , Anus , Bladder , &c. Sphygmica , is that part of Physick which treats of Pulses . Sphygmus , the Pulse . Spina Dorsi are the hinder Prominences of the Vertebrae's . Spina Ventosa , is an Ulceration in which the Bones are eaten by a malignant Humor without any pain of the Periostium , or Membrane that covers the Bone , after that a Swelling being risen without any Pain , the part affected is quite eaten out with the Ulcer , from whence frequently follows a necessity of Amputation . Spinalis medulla , see Medulla spinalis . Spiritus , Spirits , are reckon'd of three sorts , the Animal Spirits in the Brain , the Vital in the Heart , the Natural in the Liver ; but late Authors distinguish'em only into two kinds , the Animal in the Brain , the Vital and Natural ( which are accounted the same ) in the Mass of Blood . The Animal Spirits are a very thin Liquor , which distilling from the Blood in the outward or Cortical Substance of the Brain , are by the proper Ferment of the Brain exalted into Spirits , and thence through the Medullar Substance of the Brain , the Corpus Callosum , and Medulla Oblongata , are derived into the Nerves and Spinal Marrow , and in them perform all the Actions of Sense and Motion . The Vital or Natural Spirits , are the subtilest parts of the Blood which actuate and ferment it , and make it fit for Nourishment . Splanchnica , are Medicines proper against Diseases of the Intestines . Splanchnon , see Intestina . Splen , five Lien , the Spleen , is a Receptacle for the Salt and earthy Excrements of the Blood , that there , by the assistance of the Animal Spirits , it may be volatiliz'd , and returning again into the Blood may concur to its farther Fermentation . The Spleen consists of a great number of little Bladders , between which the Glandules are scatter'd up and down and supply the place of Veins : The Spleen has likewise an Artery , Nerves , and Lymphatick Vessels , first discovered by Fr. Ruisch . It 's very like the Sole of the Foot , and in Cows is exactly like a Beeves Tongue . Splenia , are Bolsters made of Linnen , three , four , or five times doubled , even to the thickness of the Spleen , they are used upon Wounds , Ulcers , and Fractures . The Figure is threefold according to the manner of Application , viz. at length , obliquely , or transversely : They are called also Plumaccoli and Plagulae . Splenica , Splenical Medicines , are such as by attenuating and volatilizing the grosser parts , remove the Distempers and Obstructions of the Spleen . Splenii Musculi , arise partly from the five lower Vertebrae's of the Neck , and partly from the points of five of the upper Vertebrae's of the Thorax ; the Fibres of these Muscles tend obliquely , and are fastned to the hinder part of the Head : The Use of 'em is to draw the Head backward . Spongoeidea Ossa , see Cribroformia . Sporadici morbi , are those Diseases which ( different in Nature ) seize several People at the same time , and in the same Countrey . Sputum , Liquor thicker than ordinary Spittle . Squammosa Sutura , see Lepidoides . Stagma , are Juices of Plants mixt together in order to Distillation . Stalagma , is that which is distilled from the Stagma . Staltica , see Sarcotica . Stapes , see Incus . Staphyle , see Cion . Staphyloma , is a Disease of the Eye , in which the two Tunics of the Eye Cornea and Wea , being broken , fall outward in the shape of a Grape . Status Morbi , see Acme . Steatocele , is a Rupture or Tumor in the Scrotum of a Fatty or Suet-like Consistence . Steatoma , is a preternatural Swelling , which consists of a Matter almost like Suet , of the same Colour throughout , soft , and tho not easily yielding to the touch , yet suddenly returns , the Fingers removed , to its proper shape and bigness . Stegnosis , is a Constriction and stopping up of the Pores . Stegnotica , see Astringentia . Stercus , is that Excrement which is voided by Stool ; it consists of those parts of the Aliment and Bile which is unfit for Nourishment . Sterilitas , see Agonia . Sternum Os , the Breast-Bone , is joyn'd to the Ribs in the foremost part of the Breast ; it consists of 3 or 4 Bones , and frequently in those that are come to ripeness of Age grows into one Bone ; to this is joyned in the lower part of it the Cartilago Ensiformis . Sternohyoides , is that pair of Muscles which from the uppermost part of the Breast-Bone , goes outwards and ascends up to the Basis of the Os Hyoeides . Sternothurocides , is a pair of Muscles of the Cartilago Scutiformis which draw it downward ; this arises from the uppermost and inward part of the Breast-Bone , and is inserted into the lower side of the Cartilago Ensiformis . Sternutatio , Sneezing , is a forcible driving out of the Head some sharp Matter which vellicates and disturbs the Nerves and Fibres : 'T is defin'd likewise an involuntary Motion of the Brain , which also contracts the Muscles of the Thorax and Abdomen , to the intent that the Matter which vellicates the Nostrils and Brain may be driven out . Stigma , a Scar. Stoma , the Mouth , as also the Mouths of any Vessels . Stomachus , is properly the left Orifice of the Ventricle , or Stomach , by which Meats are received into it . To this part descend Nerves from the par Vagum , and intercostal Nerves , and are mix'd and woven with one another . Strabilismus , see Strabismus . Strabismus , Squinting , is occasioned by the Relaxation , Contraction , Distorsion , too great Length , or too great Shortness of the Muscles which move the Eye . Strabositas , see Strabismus . Sternutatorium , five Sternutamentum , a Sneezing Medicine , or Snuff . Stillicidium Vrinae , see Stranguria . Stranguria , the Strangury , is a difficulty of Urine , when the Urine comes away by Drops only , accompanied with a constant Inclination of making Water . Stratificatio , is a corroding of Metals by corrosive Pouders . The Operation is performed in this manner : Put first in the bottom of the Crucible some of the corroding Pouder ; then some of the Metal you are to corrode beaten into thin Plates ; then some of the Pouders , and upon them some more Plates of your Metal , and so on till the Crucible be full ; then make Ignemrotae , or a Fire round your Crucible to the top , or else place it in a Reverbatory , according as the Operation shall require . Struma , see Scrophula . Stryphna , see Astringentia . Stupefacientia , see Narcotica . Stupea , seu Stupa , is a piece of Linnen dipt in a Liquor , and applied to the part affected . Stupor , Numness . Stylocer athoeides , are the Muscles of the Os Hyoeides which draw upwards : They arise from the outward Appendix of the Os Styliforme , and are extended to the Horns or Points of the Os Hyoeides . Styloglossum , is that pair of Muscles which lift up the Tongue ; they arise from the Appendix of the Os Styliforme , and are inserted about the middle of the Tongue . Styloeides , are Processes of Bone fashioned backward like a Pencil , fastened into the Basis of the Skull it self . Stylopharyngaeus , is a pair of Muscles that dilate the Gullet , descending from an Appendix of a Bone in fashion of a Pencil , and which reaches the sides of the Gullet . Stymma , is that thick Mass which remains after the steeping of Flowers , Herbs , &c. and pressing out their Oil. Styptica , see Astringentia . Subcartilageneum , see Hypocondrium . Subeth Avicennae , see Coma. Sublimatio , is a dry Extract , consisting of the more subtile parts raised above the Mass , and sticking to the Sides and Neck of the Vessel . Sublaxatio , a dislocation , or putting out of Joint . Subsidentia , see Sedimentum . Succago , see Apochylisma . Succedaneum , see Antiballomenon . Succenturiati Renes , see Capsulae atrabilariae . Succus Pancreaticus , see Ductus Pancreaticus . Sudamina , are little Pimples in the Skin , like Millet Grains ; this is frequent in Children and Youths , especially those that are of a hot Temper , and use much Exercise : They break out in the Neck , Shoulders , Breast , Arms and Thighs , and mostly about the Privities . Sudationes , the same with Sudamina . Sudor , Sweat , is a watry Humor which consists of Water chiefly with a moderate quantity of Salt and Sulphur : This is driven through the Pores of the Skin by the Heat and Fermentation of the Blood , and sometimes by its Weakness and Colliquation . Sudorifera , see Hydrotica . Suffimentum , the same with Suffitus . Suffitus , is a thickish Powder , prepar'd of odoriferous Plants , Gums , &c. which thrown upon Coals produces a pleasant Smell . Suffocatio Vterina , see Hysterica passio . Suffumigium , see Suffitus . Suffusio , see Hypochyma & Cataracta . Sugillata , see Enchymoma . Sugillatio , see Enchymoma . Summitates , the tops of Herbs . Supercilium , see Cilium . Superfoetatio , is when after one Conception another succeeds , so that both are in the Womb together : Sennertus makes mention of frequent Cases of this Nature . Superpurgatio , see Hypercatharsis . Supplantalia , are Plaisters applyed to the Feet ; these for the most part are made of Leven , Mustard , wild Radish , Salt , Sope , Gun-Powder , &c. Suppositorium , a Suppository , it is compounded of Honey , Salt , and Purging Powders . Suppuratio , see Abscessus . Sura , the same with Os Fibulae . Sutura Ossium , a Suture is the Juncture of Bones ( of the Scull ) like the Teeth of Saws meeting together . Sutura , is a Connexion of the Sides or Lips of a Wound : This is of two sorts , Actual , which is done with a Needle of a triangular point , a Pipe , or Cane , and waxed Thread , first in the middle of the Wound you must sew it together with a double Thread , and having made a knot , cut it off ; the rest of the Wound must be sewed up with a single Thread ; care must be taken that the Stitches are not set too wide , nor too close , especially not too close , that there may be room for any corrupt Matter bred in the Wound to work out : The other sort of Suture is much like the way that Skinners use to sew Skins together ; this is proper in Wounds of the Intestines , and in Cuts of the Veins and Arteries . Sycosis , is an Excrescence of the Flesh about the Fundament . 'T is also an Ulcer so called from the resemblance of a Fig ; this is of two kinds , one hard and round ; the other soft and flat : Out of the hard issues a very small quantity of glutinous Matter ; out of the Moist proceeds a greater quantity , and of an ill Smell : These Ulcers grow in those patts only which are covered with Hair ; the hard and round chiefly in the Beard , the moist for the most part in the Scalp . Syderatio , see Apoplexia . Symbebecota , are Accidents which happen to those that are well , to distinguish 'em from Symptoms which happen in Diseases . Symmetria , is a good Temper . Sympasma , see Phaenigmus . Sympepsis , is a Coction of those Humors which are growing into an Imposthume . Symphysis , is the Joining of two Bones of which neither has a proper distinct Motion : This is either without any Medium , or else with it , as with a Cartilage or Grisle , a Ligament or Flesh . Symptoma , is a preternatural Disposition of the Body occasioned by some Disease : This is either a Disease caused by another Disease ; or else the Cause of a Disease proceeding from another Disease ; or else simply a Symptome : This last is either some Action of the Body hindred or disturb'd , some fault of the Excrement , or change of the natural Temper . Synactica , are Medicines that contract any part . Synaitia , see Continens causa . Synanche , is a sort of Squinancy , which quite stops the Breath ; or a preternatural Inflammation of the Muscles of the Jaws . Synarthrosis , is a joyning of Bones by a Grisle . Synch●ndrosis , is the joyning of Bones by a Grisle . Synchysis , is a preternatural Confusion of the Blood or Humors in the Eye . Syncope , is a sudden Prostration or Swouning with a very weak or no Pulse , and a Depravation of Sense and Motion . Syncritica , are relaxing Medicines . Syndesmus , see Ligamentum . Syndrome , is a Concurrence of several Symptoms in the same Disease . Synedreuonta , are common Symptoms which accompany the Disease ; and yet neither flow from the Nature of the Disease , nor are necessary Concomitants of it ; but do notwithstanding signify the Greatness , Continuance , &c. of the Disease . Synocha , is a continued intermitting Fever ; this lasts for many days with a great Heat , sometimes Putrefaction of the Blood : It is either quotidian , tertian , or quartan . Synochos , is a continued Fever without any Intermission or Abatement of the Heat , which continues for many days : This is either Simple , or accompanied with Putrefaction . Syntasis , is a preternatural Distention of the parts . Synteretica , is that part of Physick which gives Rules for the Preservation of Health . Syntexis , is a Consumption and Colliquation of the Body , in which first the Flesh is wasted , and afterward the Substance of the more solid parts . Synthesis , is either the Frame and Structure of the whole Body ; or more strictly the Composure of the Bones . Synulotica , see Cicatrisantia . Syringa , a Syringe , is an Instrument which is used in injecting Liquors into the Fundament , Womb , Ears , &c. Syringomata , are Chirurgions Knives which they open Fistula's with . Syringotomia , is the Incision of the Fistula . Syringotomus , the same . Syrupus , Syrup . Sysarcosis , is the connexion of Bones by Flesh . Sysygia , is the Natural Temper . Systema , the same that Synthesis . Systole , is the Contraction of the Ventricles of the Heart , whereby the Blood is forcibly driven into the great Artery .

T. TAbella , is a solid Medicine taken inwardly , made of Powder , and three or four times as much Sugar , dissolved in a convenient Liquor , boiled to the Consistence of a Syrup , and made into little round Cakes upon a Marble-Stone . Tabes , see Atrophia . Tabes dorsalis , a Consumption in the spinal Marrow , most incident to Lechers , and fresh Bride-grooms ; they are without a Fever , eat well , and melt or consume away : If you ask one in this Disease an account of himself , he will tell you , that there seem so many Pismires to fall from his Head down upon his spinal Marrow ; when he eases Nature either by Urine or Stool , there flows thin liquid Seed plentifully ; nor can he generate , but when he sleeps , whether it be with his Wife or no ; he has lascivious Dreams . When he goes or runs any way , but especially up à steep place , he grows weak and short breathed , his Head is heavy , and his Ears tingle : So in progress of Time being taken with violent Fevers ; he dies of a Fever called Lipyria , wherein the external Parts are cold , and the internal burn at the same time . Tabula , see Tabella & Morsuli . Tabum , is a thin sort of Matter that comes from an ill Ulcer . Tactus , the Touch , is a Sense whereby the tactile Qualities of Bodies are offered to the common Sensory ( and there perceived ) by the different motion of Nerves diffused through the whole Body , the Skin being intermediate : Or Touch is the Sense of a thing touched , offered to the common Sensory by the Nerves , the Skin being intermediate , and there perceived . Talpa , is a Tumor , so called , because that as a Mole ( in Latine Talpa ) creeps under ground ; so this feeds upon the Scull under the Skin : It may be referred to the Species of Atheromas ; which see . Talparia , the same that Talpa . Talus , see Astragalus . Taraxis , is a Perturbation of the Humours of the Eye , the Stomach , or the Entrails . Tarsus , is a cartilaginous Extremity of the Eye-lids , whence the Hairs spring , called Cilium . Also eight backward Bones of the Foot , ordered like Grates . Tecmarsis , is a Conjecture at Diseases . Telephium , is the same Ulcer with Chironia , which see ; it is so called from Telephus , who was a long time troubled with this Disease . Temperamentum , Temperament , is a Quality that results from the Union and Mixture of Elements : See Crasis . Temperies , see Crasis . Tempus , the Temple , is a lateral part of the Scull in the middle betwixt the Ears and Eyes , where Cephalick Plaisters are applied for the Tooth-ach , and Head-ach . Tendo , a Tendon , is a similar nervous part annexed to Muscles and Bones , whereby the voluntary Motion of the Members is chiefly performed : The generality of Chirurgeons scarce ever distinguish betwixt a Tendon and a Nerve . Tenesmus , Tenasmus , is a continual Desire of going to Stool , yet attended with an Inability of doing any thing , but bloody slimy Matter . Tentigo , see Priapismus . Terebrum , see Modiolus . Teredum , the same that Caries . Teretrum , see Modiolus . Tergum , see Dorsum . Terminthus , is a swelling in the Thighs with a black Pimple at the top , as big as the Fruit of the Turpentine-tree . Terra mortua , is the earthy part that remains after Elixivation , destitute of all active efficacious Qualities . Tertiana Febris intermittens , a Tertian Ague , is an Effervescence of the Blood every third day , which with its various Symptoms , comes exactly at a set time . The Cause of it is Nitro-sulphureous Blood ; and it is either a true Tertian or a spurious . Testes Muliebres , see Orchis . Testes viriles , Mens Testicles , consist of several small Vessels wherein the Seed is generated : It is covered on the out-side with several Tunicks . Testes Cerebri , are two backward Prominences of the Brain , called Testes , from the likeness they have to Testicles : They are bigger in Men than in Brutes . Testudo Cerebri , see Fornix . Testudo , is a soft , large Swelling , or not very hard , in the Head , broad , in form of an Arch or Tortoise , from which Resemblance it takes its Name . At the beginning it grows like a Chest-nut , afterwards like an Egg , wherein is contained a soft Matter clothed with a certain Tunick ( whence some refer this sort of Tumour to Meliceres , which see ) which sticks so close to the Scull , that many times it infects and corrupts it . Tetanus , is a constant Contraction , whereby a Limb grows rigid and inflexible . The Cause of it is , sometimes a Relaxation or Palsy in some other Muscles , which when they are relaxed , the opposite Muscles act too strongly , so that they draw the part wholly to themselves , which ought to consist as it were in an Aequilibrium betwixt both : Yet sometimes such a permanent Contraction may proceed , from the Tendons being loaded and obstructed with serous Matter , which thereupon grow rigid and stiff : This Distemper is frequent in the Scurvies , that the Patient can extend neither Joint nor Limb : The Tendons in the Back are sometimes contracted into a round globular Form , which by reason of such an Afflux of Humours upon them , draw the Bones out of their due place , and cause an hunched Back , or a stooping and bending of it : It is usually distinguished into Vniversal , of which there are three sorts , Emprosthotonos , Opisthotonos , and Tetanos , properly so called ; and Particular , which respects a certain Member , or a particular Joint . Tetrapharmacum , is a Medicine consisting of four Ingredients , as Vnguentum Basilicum . Theorema , see Theoria . Theoretica , see Theoria . Theoria , is the speculative part of Physick ; whence Theorema , a Speculation , and Theoretica , those things which belong to the speculative part of Physick . Therapeutica , is that part of Physick which delivers the Method of Healing . Theriaca , Triacle , is a Medicine that expels Poyson . Therioma , is a wild cruel Ulcer , like Carcinoma , which see . Thermae , are natural Baths . Thermantica , are healing Medicines . Therminthus , see Terminthus . Thermomethron , is natural Heat , which is perceived by the Pulses . Thlipsis , is a Compression of Vessels . Thorax , or medius Venter , the Chest , is all that Cavity which is circumscribed above by the Neck-bones , below by the Diaphragme , before by the Breast-bone , behind by the Back-bones , on the sides by the Ribs ; it is of an Oval Figure , contains the Heart and Lungs , and is covered on the inside with a Membrane called Pleura . Hippocrates and Aristotle took all that space from the Neck-bone to the very Secrets , both the middle and lowermost Cavity , for the Thorax . Thorexis , is the drinking of a generous Wine , which warms the Breast . Thrombus , is the Coagulation of Blood or Milk into Clots or Clusters . Thymiama , see Suffitus . Thymus , is a Glandule in the Throat , which separates the watery Humour , called Lympha , from the Blood , and empties it by the Lymphatick Vessels . It is also a fleshy Tumour that hangs upon the Body like a Wart , of a Colour like the Flower of Time , whence it has its Name . Thyroarytaenoides , is a pair of Muscles that proceed from the Cartilage called Scutiformis , and extending themselves forward to the Sides of the Arytaenoides ( the fourth and fifth part of the Larynx ) serve to contract and close the opening of the Larynx . Thyroidaeae Glandulae , are two , of a viscous , solid , bloody Substance , wonderfully adorned with Vessels of all sorts , and hard Membranes , almost of the bigness and shape of an Hen's Egg , situate about the lower seat of the Larynx , at the sides of the Cartilages of the Thorax , Cricoides , and some first rings of the Wind-Pipe , upon which Parts they immediately lye ; yet so as they may be easily separated , unless where they stick something obstinately , about the beginning and the end ; Nature has placed them in those parts , that they may warm them when cold , receive superfluous Moisture , and contribute to the Ornament of the Neck . Thyroides , is the Cartilage , called Scutiformis , of the Larynx : Also the Hole of the Os pubis . Tibia , the Leg , is the part betwixt the Knee and the Ancle . It consists of two Bones : One outward , called Focile minus ; another Inward and larger , which has usurped the Name of the whole , and is called Tibia , Focile majus others call it , & Canna major . The upper end has a Process which is received by a Cavity in the Thigh , and two oblong Cavities to admit the Heads of the Thigh-bone , the Depth of which Cavities is encreased by a Cartilage that is annexed thereunto by Ligaments : This Cartilage is movable , soft , slippery , moistened with an unctuous Humour , thick in its Circumference , and smaller towards the Center , whence it is called Lunata , made like an Half-moon ; there are rugged sharp Ligaments before , which Encrease the Lunary Cartilages . The fore part , which is acute and long , is called Spina : There is below a prominent and gibbous Process in the inner side , nigh the Foot , and is called Malleolus externus ; one of the Ankle-bones . Tinctura , a Tincture , or Elixir , is the Extraction of the Colour , Quality , and Strength of any thing . Tinea , if running Sores in the Head full of little Holes , called Achores , continue long , or be too slowly or ill cured , they grow into Tineas , crusty stinking Ulcers of the Head , which gnaw and consume its Skin ; therefore it is deservedly reckoned amongst the Diseases of Children , but when they are a little grown ; for tho Adult Persons are sometimes troubled with this Disease , yet they contracted the Rudiments and Seeds of it in their Infancy . It is called Tinea , which signifies a Moth , from those little Worms which eat and consume Clothes ; because those Ulcers prey upon the Skin of the Head , as those Animals upon Clothes . What the Greeks called this Distemper is not so obvious . Tinnitus Aurium , is a certain Buzzing or tingling in the Ears , proceeding from Obstruction , or something that irritates the Ear , whereby the Air that is shut up is continually moved by the beating of the Arteries , and the Drum of the Ear is lightly verberated , whence arises a Buzzing and Noise . Tometica , the same that Attenuantia . Tomotocia , the same that Hysterotomia . Tonica , are those things which being externally applied to and rubb'd into the Limbs , strengthen the Nerves and Tendons . Tonotica , the same that Tonica . Tonicus , the same that Tetanus . Tonsillae , see Paristhmia . Tophus , is a stony Concretion in any part . Topica , are Medicines applied outwardly , as a Plaister , Cataplasm , &c. Topinaria , the same that Talpa . Torcular Herophili , is that place where the four Cavities of the thick Skin of the Brain are joyned . Tormina alvi , the same that Colica Passio . Toxica , are poysonous Medicaments , wherewith Barbarians use to anoint their Arrows . Trachea , the same that aspera Arteria . Trachoma , is a Scab , or Asperity of the inner part of the Eye-lid . Trageae , differ not from Powders , but that the Ingredients whereof they are prepared , are not beat so small : And they are applied externally to the Body , either put to or resolved into Smoak , or they are put into a Linnen Bag , and then into Wine or other Liquor , that they may communicate their Strength and Qualities to it . Yet sometimes they are compounded of some sort of Antidotes , or Counter-poisons , and other odoriferous things , and of simple Medicines reduced into a Powder , with an Addition of Sugar . In the making these , they commonly take one Ounce of Sugar to every Dram of Ingredient , especially those which are bitter and unpleasant . Tragema , the same that Tragaea . Tragus , is the extream Brim of the Ear. Traulus and Traulotes , is a Stammering , or fault in pronouncing the Letters L and R. Trauma , see Troma . Traumatica , are those things , which being taken in Decoctions and Potions , fetch the serous and sharp Humours out of the Body , and so attenuate the Blood , that it may be conveniently driven to the wounded , broken , or bruised parts . Tremor , see Tromos . Trepanum , the same that Modiolus . Triangulare ossiculum , the triangular little Bone , is that which is placed betwixt the Suture called Lambdoides , and another called Sagittalis ; which they say conduces too to the Falling-Sickness . Trichiasis , the same that Phalangosis : Also hairy Urine , such as by reason of pituitous Humours Hairs seem to swim in . Tricongius , is a Measure that contains eighteen Sextaries , a Sextary being about a Pint and an half . Triens , is the Third part of a physical Pound , containing three Ounces . Tripsis , is Contrition , or Contusion . Trismus , is the grinding of the Teeth , or a Convulsion of a Muscle of the Temples , whereby the Teeth gnash whether one will or no. Tritaeophyes , is an Ague that comes every Third day . Tritaeus , the same that Febris Tertiana intermittens . Trituratio , is a Pounding , whereby Medicines are reduced to Powder , that they may be the better mixed . Trochanter , the same that Rotator . Trochisci , Trochies , are round marked things made of Pouders , mixed with viscous Extracts and made up into Paste , and then into round little Bodies , which are to be dried up in the Shade : They are called also Pastilli . Trochlea , the same that Bathmis . Trochlearis , is the upper , or greater oblique Muscle of the Eye . Troma , is a Wound from an external Cause . Trombosis , is a Coagulation of Milk or Blood in Human Bodies . Tromos , is a Trembling , or a Depravation of the voluntary Motion of Members . Trysmus , see Trismus . Tubae Fallopianae , are two slender Passages , proceeding from the Womb , which when they are a little removed from it , grow gradually wider ; they have large Holes or Orifices , which almost lye shut , the extream Edges falling flat ; yet if they be diligently opened and dilated , they represent the extream Orifice of a brazen Pipe . Their Use is to receive the Eggs from the Testicles and carry them into the Womb , according to the excellent R. de Graaf . the Truth whereof is evident from the Inspection of Rabits dissected . Tubercula , the same that Phymata . Tulus , the same that Callus . Tumor , Swelling , is when the parts of humane Bodies are enlarged and extended beyond their due Proportion , so that they cannot perform their Operations . Tunica , the same that Membrana . Tunica retiformis , see Retina and Amphiblestroides . Turunda , the same that Turundula . Turundula , signifies a Tent put into Wounds or Ulcers . Tussis , a Cough , is a vehement Efflation of the Breast , whereby that which is offensive to the Organs of Breathing is expelled by the Force of the Air. Tympanias , the same that Tympanites . Tympanites , Tympanias , Aqua intercus sicca , a Tympany , is a fixed , constant , equable , hard , resisting Tumour of the Abdomen , which , being beat , sounds : It proceeds from a stretching Inflaation of the parts , and of the membranaceous Bowels , whose Fibres are too much swoln with Animal Spirits , and hindred from receeding by the nervous Juice which obstructs the Passage ; to which Distemper there is consequently added , as the Complement of all , an abundance of flatulent Matter in the places that are empty . Tympanum , the Drum of the Ear , is a small , thin , orbicular , transparent Membrane , stretched over the Cavity of the inner part of the Ear , which contains the natural congenite Air : Its Use is Hearing . There is also a Cavity in the Ear , called Concha . Typhodes , is a symptomatical , continued , burning Fever ; as if it were from the Inflammation of the Bowels . Typhomania , is a Delirium with a Phrensy , and a Lethargy . Typhonia , the same . Typus , or Periodus and Circuitus , is an Order of Fevers , consisting of Intension and Remission , or encreasing and decreasing . Tyria , the fame that Ophiasis . Tyroides , see Thyroides . Tyrosis , is when Milk which is eaten curdles into a Substance like Cheese .

V. VAcuatio , see Evacuatio . Vacui dies , are those Days wherein an imperfect and ill Crisis frequently happens ; and those are 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 16 , 18. to which some add , 22 , 23 , 25 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 35 , 38 , 39. these are called medicinal Days , because Medicines may be given on them . Vagina uteri , it is called also Matrix , Vteri Ostium , Vteri Cervix , is that Passage in which a Man's Yard is sheathed as it were in Coition ; it is placed in the Hypogastrium , and is of an oblong Figure , and of different Magnitude according to the Age of the Woman , and her Use of Men ; its upper part is as thick as the breadth of a Straw , but the lower twice or thrice as thick again : it is about as broad as the Gut Rectum , nervous and wrinkled within : It is perforated with a great many little Pores , especially in the lower part , about the end of the urinary Passage . Vaginalis tunica , see Elythroides . Valetudo , is either a good or ill Disposition of the Parts of the Body . Valvulae , are little thin Membranes in Vessels or Fibres , like Folding-doors as it were ; they have received different Names , according to the Diversity of their Figuration , as Sigmoides , like the Letter Sigma , Semilunares , like an Halsmoon , &c. They are found in Veins , Arteries , Lymphatick and Lacteal Vessels , and in musculous Fibres , which were first discovered by our Curiosity , and of which we have discoursed in a particular Tract : The Use of them is to hinder the Blood and other Liquors , from returning the same way they came . Valvulae , Valves , are also found in the Intestines , in the small and great Guts , especially in the Jejunum , and about the beginning of the Ileum , which are called Semi-circular from their Figure . These Valves or Folds grow more and more oblique by little and little the nearer you come to the Ileum , and at the beginning of the Ileum they are less oblique than farther on . In like manner near the end of the Jejunum , they are gradually more and more distant from one another ; and so in the Ileum too . At the beginning and in the middle of the Jejunum , they are scarce distant half a Thumbs breadth ; in the Ileum a whole Thumbs breadth and more . They yield a little if thrust with your Finger , and move here and there : At the beginning of the Colon there is a fleshy and circular Valve , besides several others in that Gut . The Use of them is to stop the Meat a little , that it may be the better fermented , the Chyle distributed , the adjacent Parts be cherished with Heat , and lastly , that it ascends not again . Vaporarium , is when the Patient does not sit in Liquor , but receives Vapours through an Hole , under which there is placed a Pot full of apposite and boyling hot Ingredients , which cooling , fresh Matter is added . Varicosum corpus , is that Contexture of Spermatick Vessels which enters the Testicles . Variolae , the small Pox , consists in a contagious Disorder of the Blood , contracted from the Air , or otherwise ; accompanied with a continued wandring Fever , which sometimes increases , sometimes decreases , with a Pain in the Head and Loins , Anixety and Inquietude , and with a breaking forth of Pimples or Wheals , which swell and suppurate . The famous Willis attributes the Cause of this Distemper to some filthy and fermentative Matter , which is communicated to the Faetus , together with the Nourishment , from the Womb ; but how this can hold in Adult Persons , whose Blood has undergone so many Alterations , I could never yet understand from his Writings . It seems rather to consist in a depraved Temperature of Air , with a peculiar Disposition of the Blood and the nervous Juice towards this Distemper . This poysonous Quality of the Air first infects the nervous Juice ( whence proceeds the Pain of the Head and Loins ) wherewith the Blood boils and ferments , and parts into little Pieces or Clots , which in the Course of Circulation stick to the outward Parts , and to the inner Viscera too ; after a while they grow ripe and suppurate . Varix , see Cirsos . Varus , see Jonthus . Vas breve , see Breve vas . Vasa , the Vessels , are Cavities through which the Liquors of the Body pass , as a Vein , an Artery , lymphatick Vessels , the Ductus that conveys the Chyle , and those of the Spittle . Vasa lactea , the Milky Vessels , in the Mesentery , they which reach from the Guts , especially the small Guts , to the Glandules in the Mesentery , are said to be of the First sort ; and they which reach from those Glandules to the Bag that carries the Chyle , are of the Second sort . Their Use is to convey the Chyle from the Guts to the little Bag that holds the Chyle , and thence to the Ductus , which conveys it along the Thorax . Asellius was the first who discovered them , and the dextrous F. Ruischius afterwards discovered Valves in them . Vasa Lymphatica , see Venae Lymphaticae . Vena , a Vein , the Species of them are the Vena cava , the Vena portae , the lymphatick and milky Veins . Arteries are sometimes taken for Veins . They consist of four Tunicks , a nervous , a glandulous , a muscular , and a membranaceous one . The Branches of the Vena cava above the Heart , are called Jugular Veins , which go towards the Head ; they which go towards the Arms , are called Axillary ; that about the Heart Coronary ; in the Lungs Pulmonary ; in the Liver Hepatick , or Liver-Vein ; in the Diaphragme Phrenica ; in the Thighs Crural ; in the Reins Emulgent ; and so from its various Ramification , it is variously denominated . Vena portae , is only in the Abdomen , and extends its Roots to the Liver , Spleen , Ventricle , Mesentery , Intestines , Pancreas , Cawl , &c. The Office of the Vena cava and portae , is , to convey the Blood that is more than what seryes for Nourishment , to the Liver , or Heart , or Lungs . Venae Lymphaticae , the Lymphatick Veins , receive the Lympha from the conglobated Glandules , and discharge themselves either into the Sanguinary Veins , or into the Receptacle of the Chyle . Venae lacteae , see Vasa lactea . Venae sectio , is the Opening of a Vein , which is either for Evacuation , or to derive the Blood to another part , &c. In Bleeding respect must always be had to the Strength of the Person . There never ought to be taken away above a Pound ; but the better way is , to take away first six or eight Ounces , and if Occasion require , to repeat the Operation . A Vein is to be cut according to the length of the Fibres , and not Across or Traverse . Veneris OEstrum , the same that Clitoris . Venter infimus , see Hypogastrium . Ventosa , see Cucurbitula . Ventres , see Cavitates . Ventriculus , the Stomach , is a membranous Bowel in the Abdomen , under the Diaphragme , betwixt the Liver and the Spleen , consisting of four Tunicks ; a nervous , fibrous , glandulous , and membranous one : It has two Orifices , one on the Right-hand , called Pylorus or Janitor , whereat the Meat is sent out into the Guts ; another on the Left-hand , at which the Meat enters : Its Office is to concoct or ferment the Meat ; it is called also Stomachus and Aqualiculus . Ventriculi cerebri , the Ventricles of the Brain , are four ; the Use of them is to receive the serous Humours , and to bring them by the Pelvis to the Pituitary Glandule ; or into the Processus mammillares by the Os cribriforme to the Nostrils . They are nothing but Complications of the Brain , which happened there as 't were by accident . Ventriculi cordis , the Ventricles of the Heart , are two ; the first or Right Ventricle receives the Blood from the Vena cava , and sends it to the Lungs ; the Left receives the Blood from the Lungs , and sends it through the whole Body by the Arteria Aorta : In the Systole or Contraction of the Ventricles the Blood is sent out : In the Diastole or Dilatation it is let into the Heart : Yet others explain it on the contrary , because they understand not Greek . Vermes , see Lumbrici . Vermiformis processus , is the Prominence of the Cerebellum , so called from its shape . Vertebra , see Spondylus . Vertigo , see Scotomia . Verrucae , Warts , are a sort of Tubercula ; they are called also Porri , because if you look into the tops of them , they seem to resemble the Capillaments , or little Threds of Onyons : They are an hard , high , callous , little Tuberculum , or Swelling , which break out of the Skin , and breed in any part of the Body . Vertex , the Crown of the Head , is the gibbous middle part of the fore and back part of the Head . Vesica , the Bladder , is an hollow membranaceous Part , wherein any Liquor that is to be excerned , is contained ; as the Bladder that contains the Urine , the Gall , the Seed . Vesica , destillatoria , is a Brazen or Copper Vessel , which contains any thing that is to be destilled . Vesicatoria , are Medicines which act upon and rarify the Spirits and serous Particles , gather them betwixt the Skin and Cuticula , the thin fine Skin , and consequently separate them , and raise little Bladers full of serous Matter . Vesicula fellis , see Folliculus fellis . Vespertilionum alae , Bats Wings , are two broad membranous Ligaments , on each side one , wherewith the bottom of the Womb is loosely tied to the Bones of the Flank . Aretaeus likens them to Bats-wings . Veternus , see Lethargus . Vibex , see Enchymoma . Victus ratio , is a way Living , whereby Health is preserved , and Diseases repelled by things convenient : It consists in the Use of things called non Naturales , not natural ( which see in their place ; ) and it is in Diseases threefold , thick , moderate , thin ; the thin is again either simply thin , more thin , or the thinnest of all . Vigilia , Waking , is an Agitation and Expansion of animal Spirits in the Pores of the Brain , whereby the Motions of Objects are easily represented to the common Sensory by the external Organs ; which Spirits if they be too much expanded and agitated , they cause an obstinate long Wakening . Vigor Morbi , see Acme . Vinum Cos , is a Wine of good Colour , Smell , and Taste . Vinum Hypocraticum , is a Wine wherein Sugar and Spices have been infused , and is afterwards strained through a Bag , which they call Manica Hypocratis , which see . Vinum Medicatum , is a Wine wherein Medicines have been infused for the use of sick People . Virga , see Penis . Virginale claustrum , see Hymen . Viscera , are Organs contained in the three great Cavities of the Body : They are called also Exta and Interranea . Visus , Sight , is a Sence whereby Light and Colours , are perceived from the Motion of subtile Matter upon the Tunica retina of the Eye . Vitalis facultas , the Vital Faculty , is an Action whereby a Man lives , which is performed , whether we design it or no ; such are the Motions of the Heart , Respiration , Nutrition , &c. It depends chiefly upon the Cerebellum . It is the same with Natural Faculty , tho the Ancients distinguished them , placing the Natural in the Liver , and the vital in the Heart . Vitalis Indicatio , is a way whereby Strength and Vigor are continually renewed and preserved . Vitiligo , a sort of Leprosy ; there are Three kinds of them . Alphus where the Colour is white , something rough , and not continued , like so many Drops here and there ; but sometimes it spreads broader , and with some Intermissions . Melas differs in Colour , because it is black , and like a Shade ; in the rest they agree . Leuce has something like Alphus , but it is whiter , and descends deeper , and in it the Hairs are white , and like Down : All these spread , but in some quicker , in others slower . Vitreus Humor , see Humores Oculi . Vlceratio , see Exulceratio . Vlcus , an Uucer , is a Solution of the Continuum , proceeding from a consuming Matter , in the soft parts of the Body , and attended with a Diminution of Magnitude . Vlna , or Focile majus , is the greater Bone betwixt the Arm and the Wrist , which is jointed upward with the Shoulder by Ginglimus ( which see , ) and therefore it has there both Processes and Cavities : Two oblong Processes , and as it were triangular , and rugged , that the Ligaments may knit it strongly . The fore-most and upper-most is less , and goes into the Cavity of the Shoulder : The backward Process is thicker and larger , ends in an obtuse Angle , and enters the hinder Cavity of the Shoulder ; the Latines call it Gibberus : In the middle of these there 's a great Cavity like a Semicircle . It has yet another external lateral Cavity for the Head of the Radius , or lesser Bone of the Cubit ; it is joynted at the lower end with the Wrist , both by a Cartilage in the middle , and by an acute Process , and therefore called Styloides ( or like a sharp-pointed Pen used in Writing-Tables ) whence there arises a Ligament , which fastens the Cubit and the Joynt of the Wrist together . Vlomelia , is a Soundness of the whole Body . Vmbilicus , the Navel , is a Boss in the middle of the Abdomen , to which the Navel-string in a Faetus is joined , which is cut off after Delivery . Vncia , an Ounce , is the Twelfth part of a Physicians Pound , containing eight Drams . Vndimia , the same that Oedema . Vnguentum , an Ointment , is a Medicine outwardly applied , of a Consistence something thicker than a Linimentum : It is called also Vnguen . Vnguis , a Nail , is a similar , flexible , white , and hard part , which defends the Fingers from external Injuries , and in some measure adorns them . The root of it is joined to a certain Ligament , and by reason of the neighbouring Tendons it becomes sensible : They seem to be made of a Collection of very little Pipes , which adhere extreamly thick to one onother , and shoot out into length . Where they begin , there you find certain nervous Fibres like so many small Nipples lengthened , the lengthened parts whereof are seen as far as the Nail : If they be forcibly torn off , they leave divers Holes , so that the Horney Substance of the Nails looks like a Net . Under the Nails there is a pappy sort of Body , which has its Vessels of Excretion . The Apices , or tops of the Nails , are they which grow beyond the Flesh ; the Parts which are cut , are called the Segmina , the parings of the Nails , the parts under the Nails , are the 〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉〈◊〉 , the hidden parts ; the White semilunar part next the Root , is the Rise of the Nail ; the very beginnings that grow into the Skin , are called the Roots of the Nails ; the Sides , the Clefts ; the white Spots , Nubecula , little Clouds , &c. Vngula , is a sort of hooked Instrument to draw a dead Faetus out of the Womb. Vngula Oculi , the same that Pterygium . Vola , is the Palm of the Hand ; also the Cavity of the Foot . Volatica , the same that Lichen . Volsella , or Vulsella , is an Instrument to pull up Hairs with by the Root , Tweezers : Or a Chyrurgions little Tongs , which are of different shape according to the Diversity of their Use . Volvulus , see Ileon and Chordapsus . Vomica , is a fault in the Lungs , from Heterogeneous Blood , which being lodged perhaps in one of the little Bladdery Cells there , occasions neither a Fever nor a Cough ; but afterward when it is encreased , it oppresses the neighbouring Sanguiferous Vessels , and impregnates the Blood as it passes along with its Effluviums ; whereupon there succeeds a small Fever , accompanied with Inquietude and Leanness ; at last when it is full grown and concocted into Matter , it makes a Nest as it were and lodges there . Vomitorium , is a Medicine taken inwardly , made of Emeticks , or things that provoke Vomiting , infused , dissolved , or decocted . Vomitus , a Vomiting , is a violent and inverse Motion of the Ventricle , wherein its fleshy Fibres being irritated , and contracted towards the left Orifice , send out at the Mouth whatsoever is contained in the Stomach . Vrachus is the urinary Passage in Faetus's , reaching from the Bladder to the Membrane called Allanitodes ; which after the Faetus is born becomes like a Ligament , and is that which suspends the Bladder ; it is joyned with the Navel and the bottom of the Bladder . Vranismus , the same that Palatum . Vrentia , see Pyrotica . Vreter , is a fistulous membranaceous Vessel , which proceeds from both Reins , and opens between the Membranes of the Bladder , by which the Urine passes from the Reins to the Bladder : Celsus calls it the White Vein . Vrethra , or Fistula , is the urinary Passage , whereby the Urine is discharged at the Yard in Man , and in like manner in Women : It serves also for the Ejection of Seed . The seminal little Bladders , empty themselves into it by two Holes at the beginning of it , when there is occasion ; which Bladders or Vessels are surrounded with glandulous Prostates , perforated with several Holes ; to which there is a little peice of Flesh affixed . Vrinaria Fistula , the same that Vrethra . Vretica , the same that Diuretica . Vrina , see Vron . Vrocrisis , the same that Vrocritica . Vrocriterium , is a Judgment upon Urine . Vrocritica , are Signs which are observed from Urines . Vromantia , see Vrocriterium . Vromantis , is one who can divine something from Urines . Vron , Vrina , Lotium , is a serous Excrement conveyed from the Blood , that passes the Reins by the Ureters to the Bladder , and so is excerned when occasion requires : It consists of much Salt , a little Sulphur , of Earth and Spirit . Vroscopia , is the Inspection of Urine . Vteri osculum , see Osculum uteri . Vteri Procidentia , see Procidentia uteri . Vsnea , is Moss which grows upon Bones or Trees . Vterus , the Womb , is an organical part placed in a Woman's Abdomen , which is divided into the Bottom , the Neck , and the Sheath : It has two broad Ligaments , and two round : It is of a nervous and fibrous Substance ; and is of different Thickness according to the difference of Age , and time of going with Child . At the bottom within , there is a Cavity whence the Courses flow , wherein likewise Generation and Conception are made : Before it is the Bladder ; behind it is the Gut Rectum . Vulneraria , see Traumatica . Vulnas a Wound , is a Solution of the Continuumu with some external Instrument . It is different , as well according to the place or part whence it is inflicted , as upon a Nerve , or the Flesh , as according to the Instrument which inflicts it ; so that if it be done by a sharp keen Instrument , it is called Sectio & Incisio , cutting or Incision ; if by pricking , 't is called Punctura or Punctio . Vulsella , see Volsella . Vulva , is a Woman 's secret Parts : See Gunnus . Wula , see Cion . Wea Membrana , or Choroides , is almost alltogether Continuous on the inside to the Tunica Scelerotis ; it is perforated in the fore part , and leaves a space for the Apple of the Eye , which may be contracted or dilated .

X. XErophthalmia , is a dry Bleardness or Blood-shot of the Eyes . Xerotes , is a dry Disposition of Body . Xiphoides , is the pointed Cartilage of the Breast . Xyster , is an Instrument to shave and scrape Bones with .

Z. ZErna , the same that Lichen . Zirbus with the Arabians , is the same that Omentum the Cawl . Zone , is that part of the Body where we are begirt ; also a sort of Herpes called Holy-fire . Zoogonia , is a Generation of perfect Animals born alive . Zootomia , is an artificial Dissection of Animals . Zotica , is the vital Faculty . Zygoma , is the jugal Bone about the Temples . Zymoma , is a Ferment , as the nitrous Air , the Watery Juice in the Mouth , the acide Liquor in the Stomach , the Blood in the Spleen , &c. Zymosis , see Fermentatio .

The END .