PVtrid feavers are divided into severall kindes , as continuall , and intermitting ; now the first is subdivided into those that are either primary essential , or symptomatical ; the essential is when putrefaction is inflammed in the common veins without the private parts , the symptomatical is when the same is in any particular part , from which by the common vessels , the putrid vapors are continually communicated to the heart , such appears in Plurisies , peripneumonias ; and inflammations of other internall parts . Again , the primary continuall are double ; for one extends from the beginning : o the end without remission , and is called Synochus or Continens ; but others have manifest fits and remission , and are of three kinds according co the variety of their fits ; as a continuall Tertian , Quotidian , and Quartan . Other differences tre given , which are either accidentall , or arising from the ormer : all which shall briefly and severally be explained .

AS continual Fevers are variously differenced , so they might be distinctly handled , but it 's needlesse , being the same remedies may serve ; onely a little varying according to the degrees of the disease , which depends rather upon the judgement and art of the Physician , then necessity of peculiar precepts ; therefore they may be fitly put together ; & what is necessary in respect of difference , may be noted . Before entry be made upon particulars , receive these generals . Causes . First , Putrid Fevers arise from hot vapours stirred up from putrid humours preternaturally heating the heart . Secondly , they invade cum horrore & rigore , no antecedent cause preceding , yea no procatarctick , unlesse the body be so disposed that it 's moved upon small occasion . Heat from the beginning is not sharp : propter suffocationem , in the increase biting , propter fuliginosum excrementum ; urin is crude , or obscurely concocted , pulse from the beginning small ; the systole more swift then the diastole , because of the abundance of fuliginous vapours . Thirdly , the immediate cause is abundance of sharp biting putrid vapours that cannot be discussed . The mediate is putrid humours , either so in the ill natures thereof , from ill aliments easily putrifying , or from external , as obstruction of the pores . Fourthly , Cure . the cure in general is absolved ; first , by opening a veine in continual Fevers on the third day , in intermittings after . Some gentle lenitive premised , it 's to be repeated the same day if for evacuation ; after , by intervals , if for revulsion sake . Secondly , vomit with aqua benedict. &c. Thirdly , purge ; where first , use lenitives , before preparing , especially in continual , and acute Fevers , then stronger , after preparing ; ye this may be omitted , if the humors in primis viis , are not mixt with the blood in the veines or it be turned . Fourthly , sweat by medicament , not too hot , lest the Fever be increased , yet those may be used in the beginning . It 's to be repeated as oft as necessary . V. Diet , in which let meats of good juice and easie of concoction be used : drink is either to be nutritive in great weaknesse , or medicinal , as decoct . Hord. &c. In continual , at first give little , afterward more copious ; in the very fit of intermitting , none , lest the separation and exclusion of the putrid humour be hindered . But to return to particulars . A continual primary Fever is begot of putrid humours conteined in the greater veines and arteries , and differs according to the various nature of the humour . A putrid Synochus ariseth from putrid blood in vena cava ; and although it may be distinguished into many fits , yet it spends forth it self as in one , lasting from the beginning to the end . Of this there are three simple differences ; The first is , when from the beginning to the end it endures equal : in this through the whole disease there is the same quantity of putrifaction , and this is called acmastica . The second is cal●ed epacmastica : in this the fit increaseth a little , because there is more putrified then dissipated . The third is called paracmastica : in this the fit decreaseth , here being lesse putrified then dissipated : these have also their four times , if they conclude in health , yet various : for acmastic . hath a short beginning and increase , but a longer state , &c. This is to be observed . Time in putrid Fevers is doubly to be considered , either as to the symptomes , or as to concoction , or crudity , which two , although they oft fall out in other Fevers , yet not in Synochus . Now a Synochus is twofold , the one from putrid blood , the other from putrid choler , putrified in the greater vessels , which is named according to the humour putrified ; for although the whole mass of humours contained in the veines , obtaine the name of blood , yet it 's to be considered in its four parts , the more temperate thereof being called blood , the hotter bile , the more crude and cold phlegm , and the more thick and faeculent melancholy . Now if the more temperate part call'd blood do abound and putrifie , it causeth Synochus sanguinea , but if the bile , then Synochus biliosa . The signes Signes . of the several continual Fevers are distinctly , as followeth . Synochus putrida sanguinea hath the same signes set down in a simple Synochus ; but more vehement , as heat , watching , paine of the head , thirst , unquietnesse : urin in the first two dayes is not much unlike healthful ; but afterward it 's red , thick , very confused , and without sediment ; yet sometimes there 's abundance of red and thick sediment : the pulse is great , swift , often , unequal and inordinate : the systole greater then the diastole ; if there be abundance of humours heaped up in the stomach , in the beginning it provokes vomiting . If Synochus Biliosa , the urin is sharp , fiery , although in the beginning crude ; pulse swift and oft , loathing , cholerick vomiting and stooles , thirst bitternesse of the mouth , blacknesse and drynesse of the tongue , delirium ; it oft falls out in summer , in a dry and hot habit ; this is distinguished from a continual Tertian thus ; for this hath fits , and that none . A continual Tertian signes are the same with a burning , onely by reason of the bile it 's more sharp every third day , the cause of the remission is as well the distance of the place where the vapours are begot , as also the lesse quantity thereof ; for the present vapours are dissipated before others come in the place . A continual Qua●tanes signes are : the heat is obtuse , and not so sharp as from choler , yet sharper then from phlegme ; the thirst is lesse then in a Tertian , but more then in a Quotidian ; the pulse at beginning slow , seldome , languid , after strong , quick , and very unequal ; the urin in the beginning thin , after various ; the body dry and leane , the colour yellow , the temper cold and dry , age declining , and the time Autumne , sometimes often spitting . Quotidiana continua , it 's more sharp towards the evening every day , because of the motion of the phlegme ; the heat in the beginning is to the touch gentle , after more sharp ; but unequal , because of the crasse humours which are difficultly dissolved . Urin in the beginning is white , waterish , and troubled , after somewhat red and thick . Pulse slow , seldome and lesse then in other Fevers . Thirst little , sweat seldome , unlesse salt phlegme be present , the face is puft up , loose and lividish ; time , winter ; temper , cold and moist , excrements phlegmy , and the fit daily . Burning Fevers signes are ; burning heat , unsatiable ( thirst unlesse ough causing an afflux of humours from the neighbour-parts mitigate it ) a tossing of the body , urin little , sometimes crude and filthy , sometimes thin , very bilious and slimy : other signes are set down before in Synochus Biliosa ; but observe ; the signes of a bastard burning Fever are more gentle then the former . Febris Colliquans is known by a sudden Consumption of the body , and hollowness of the eyes , falling of the temples , sharpnesse of the nose , the dejections reddish , fat , tough , stinking , troubled , bilious and frothy , urin fat and oleous . Febris Horrifica & Assodes are known by what is to be set down in their description . In Feb. Elodes , the skin is continually wet with humours , the heat to the touch is not very sharp ; if from maligne causes , the urin differs little from healthful ; if the fat waste , then its fatty ; if the flesh , then there is like pulse in the urin ; or if the blood and humours waste , then there 's a great deale of urin for many dayes ; to these are added strength much wasted , pulse is small and slow . If from great putrifaction , the urin is thick and confused , the pulse great , soft , and frequent . Feb. Syncopalis hath its name from the Symptome , and is known by oft swooning and fainting . In Epialas ▪ there is heat and cold felt in the body at one and the same time . Causes of all are as followeth . A Synochus putrid is wont to be generated of those causes that produce a simple Synochus , and so not only the constipation of the skin , but the obstruction of the vessel from much blood , Causes . and tough crasse humours , which hindering transpiration of the smoaky vapours , putrifaction of the blood is generated . Continua . Tertiana drawes it's original from bilious blood putrified in the Cava , this being produced from hot and dry , or thin diet , hunger , hot and dry distemper of the liver , &c. Contin . Quotid . is produced from putrid phlegme in the Cava ; it oft happens to children and aged , sometimes lasting sixty dayes , seldome dissolved before twenty ; it extreamly weakens the stomach , hence Cachexia & Hydrops . This Fever falls out seldome , because phlegme doth not so easily putrifie . Contin . Quartan . is caused from melancholick blood putrified in the branches of the Cava , arising from its proper causes : this happens most seldome . The accidental differences of Fevers are taken from the complication of perverse Symptomes with the essentials , Diff. and from thence are denominated , Feb. Caus . Colliquans , Horrifica , &c. Feb. Caus . is divided into true , and bastard ; the first is from bile putrified in the greater veines near the heart , in this the Symptomes are vehement ; the second is either from bile mixed with phlegme , or salt phlegme putrified ; and here the symptomes are more gentle . Hence it 's manifest , that there is no other true burning Fever then a continual Tertian , in which the matter is more sharp and abounding in the vessels near the heart , whereas in a simple Continual Tertian the matter is lesse , and in vessels more remote from the heart . Again , an exquisite burning Fever is of two sorts ; one which continues in one onely fit from the beginning to the end , and this is above called Synochus Biliosa vel Ardens , this is from bile putrified occupying the vessels most near the heart ; Causes . the other containes many fits , and is called Ardens Parodica . In this the same matter is not so near the heart . Feb. Colliquans is a kinde of a burning Fever ; for the greatnesse of the heat doth waste the fat , flesh , and substantial solid parts , and sometimes the humours in the veines by insensible transpiration , sweat , urin or stoole ; it 's from a thin , sharp , and bilious matter , which begins to burne vehemently , and this is not seldome joyned with a maligne and pestilential quality Horrific . Feb. in which horrour happens , is caused from bile and phlegme , or serosities mixt , which move unequally , and the horrour is stirred up , either from bile , and crude humours , burnt , putrified and moved , or thin , sharp , and serous matter biting the sensible and nervous parts ; or lastly , the crude humour shaking nature in vaine ; hence the heat being driven back to the centre , the extreme parts are cold , and the same presently issuing out heat . Assodes , this may be referred to the burning Fever , in which the sick is cast down , grieved with much unquietnesse , bearing the disease grievously , and that oft with loathing and vomiting , being it ariseth from sharp bilious humours biting the mouth , or tunicles of the stomach . Elodes , in this sweat is continually poured out , and is caused from the great heat of the putrid and maligne matter dissolving the substance of the body , Syncopalis is double : the one is from humours thin and small , yet venemous and corrupt , and this is called Minuta ; the other is from abundance of crude humours , and is called Humorosa , which may be referred to pituitous fevers ; onely here the quantity of matter is more great , with a weaknesse of the mouth of the stomach . Epiala , in this is felt heat and cold at the same time through the whole body . They have two causes , the one from a certaine glassy phlegme mixt with bitter choler diffused through the whole body : from the choler is the sense of heat , from the phlegme the sense of cold . The other is from glassie phlegme alone , but partly putrified , & part not . That which is not putrified causeth cold , the other heat , and both at the same time ; it may also be generated , when two intermitting Fevers fall out in one day , or an intermitting , and continual , the heat of one Fever falling out with the cold of another . There are other accidentall differences of Fevers , which may be referred to symptomatical . Those are named Symptomatical , which arise from the putrifaction contained in any of the bowels , as these following ; a Plurisie , peripneumonia , phrenitis , angina , inflammatio hepatis , and other internal parts , ulcers or abscesses . Yet diligently observe , that Fevers joyned with inflammation of the parts are sometime essential , and not symptomatical ; the inflammation of those parts following : for the body being full of corrupt blood and stuffed with ill humours , a Fever is stirred up , and so being in motion , by nature is cast to the weakest part , or that which is most fit to receive the humour , whence the inflammation is produced after the Fever , as may be observed in sick , who oft have a Fever two or three dayes before a Plurisie appear , and so many in the third or fourth day of a Fever fall into a Phrensy ; so for most part in Gouts , before inflammation , tumors , and paine of the joynts appear , there commonly precedes a Fever for one , or two dayes before : so the like may be said , when an Erysipelas . The disposition of the urin also shewes the same , discovering manifest notes of putrifaction contained in the veines ; for in the beginning they appeare crude , but after they shew signes of concoction : then also the blood drawne is very corrupt , which is not when Fevers are Symptomatical , or depend upon other inflammations ; now these Fevers , whether Symptomatical , or Primary , if joyn'd with inflammation of the parts , have their accidental differences ; for if the Fever be from blood , it 's called Phlegmonodes ; if bile referring to the nature of an Erysipelas , it 's call'd Typhodes ; but a peculiar Erysip . of the stomach and guts causeth Febris Lipyria , in which the outward parts are cold , and the inner burne , the hot blood and spirits being drawne to the place inflamed , causeth intense heat with unquenchable thirst , whilest the external parts left by the same , are cold . Feb. Lenta is usually referred to the Symptomatical ; this ariseth from matter without the vessels poured out into the substance of some of the bowels , or in the capillary vessels dispersed through the bowels , and so putrifying . In these is gentle heat afflicting , with which there 's apparent notes of putrifaction , in the urin and pulse no grievous Symptomes molesting the sick , there 's wasting of strength , the body by degrees consumes , it lasts fourty dayes ; purging exasperates , when portion of the putrifaction is poured out into the veines , it stirs up a Fever . So milde , that the sick is scarcely sensible of it ; others arise from some corruption & putrifaction out of the bowels , whence by their veines inserted are communicated putrid vapours to the heart , & heate it ; & it 's sometimes more gentle , otherwhile more vehement and acute ; these happen most oft in putrifaction of the lungs , call , mesentery , spleen , liver , wombe , or the secondine in the wombe ; also by fistulas penetrating to the inward parts , and sometimes by the corruption of these . To these may be added , that oft found in those labouring of the Green-sicknesse , which arise , from serous phlegme poured out into the body , lightly putrified . Besides these common differences of continual Fevers , there arise some from peculiar causes which offer themselves , as is related by Zacutus , of a childe who laboured of a Fever with grievous unquietness , convulsive motions , continual loathings , and coldnesse of the extreme parts , &c. by blood falling into the stomach after the cutting of the ligament of the tongue , which he cured by giving of ol. Amygdal . till it vomited , and glisters : There 's other in children arise , as from corrupt milke , wormes , crudity and teeth , &c. Prognosticks are such as follow . Synochus Putrida , if acute , Prog. wants not danger , yet if signes of concoction appear the fourth day , and no error be committed , it will end safely the seventh day ; but if they appear later , it may extend to the eleventh or fourteenth day ; but if no signes of concoction appear , and the face of the sick arise like a globe it signifies the length of the diseases . The urin how much the more red it s from the beginning , other Symptomes answering , it s so much the more secure , and the dispatch of the disease , if therein signes of concoction appear ; but with signes of crudity it threatens death , especially if there be great weaknesse ; white urin is worst , and most frequently portends death . If there be a flux from the beginning , dissolving strength , and be black and stinking , its ill . Fevers from choler , as they are acute ; so they are dangerous , and that more or lesse according to the degree of the distemper , which is not onely to be judged according to the degree of heat , but also from the natural state of the sick , that which most recedes from it , the more danger is threatened . So a burning Fever in aged , and coming in winter , is most oft deadly ; the vehement Symptomes are to be considered in all the faculties , in the excrements , change of the qualities and proper accidents , and lastly the strength is to be compared with these ; for if the patient appear to have sufficient strength to encounter with these , there 's the more hopes , if not , there 's cause of fear . Quotidian uses to be long from the crasseness and contumacy of the humour ; yet if there fall out in the course thereof many evacuations , it may be shorter ; if the Symptomes be too hard for the faculties , it 's ill ; there 's oft obstructions . of the liver , and spleen , occasioned by its length , so that there followes a Cachexia , or Hydrops . Quartane primary and continual is very seldom , yet sometimes it degenerates to an intermitting , and that 's oft deadly ; for the rest being denominated from their Symptomes , there to give prognosticks is need lesse ; however observe , the prognosticks of Symptomatical Fevers are best drawn from the part affected , vehemency of Symptomes and strengths of the faculties . Cure Cure . is thus performed , 1. Bleed , which represseth the heat of the blood , lessens its plenitude , whether it be ad vasa , or ad vires , either in the whole , or in part ; it corrects the viciousnesse thereof , revels the flux of the humours obstructing , restores breathing , cooles the whole body , hinders putrifaction , and helps to concoct the humours already putrified ; therefore it 's to be done presently at the beginning , unlesse weaknesse forbid , as in febris Syncopalis , or other causes , as in age ; and here Cups are to take place , a Glister or a Suppositary is to be premised ; for the quantity to be drawne , it 's to answer fulnesse , strength , age , time of the yeere , &c. the Ancients in Synochus putrida , & causus used to let blood to fainting ; but it 's more secure and better to do it by repetition . Avicen in these forbids bleeding , unlesse urin be red and thick , but nature hath instructed us better , who having foiled its adversary , dischargeth it by an haemorrhage , and sometimes it concludes in a phrensie and other inflammations . Lastly , bleeding stayes ebullition , in that the bile with it mixed is drawne forth ; for in the masse of blood conteined in the greater vessels ther 's but a due proportion of bile remaining . Now if the vrin be crude , and the strength of the sick be lively , and the blood break forth in a heap together , then onely the putrid and that which offends nature , is cast forth , the more pure remaining in the veines , nature expelling the most part , this may oft be observed ; but if it flow from the veine by drops , it 's the most purest . In bilious tempers blood may be taken sparingly , especially in the middle of Summer , or the Dog-dayes . In pituitous and melancholick Fevers the lesse quantity of blood is to be taken ; yet in the first it may be securely done , if the urin be thick and red ; in the latter it 's to be drawn from the left arme ; in these there is to be regard had , both to coindications , and contraindications , as when a Quotidian falls out in children , or aged , in cold regions , or winter-time ; also if it be from too much labour , bleed more sparingly ; if a Fever be from too much venery , to bleed is pernicious . For the time of bleeding , 't is not to be done presently upon taking of meat , but when concoction of the stomach is perfected , and the belly discharged from excrements . It 's to be performed rather in time of remission , then in the strength of the fit ; for nature cannot well bear the impetus of the disease and ven. sect . together ; that which respects reiteration , if necessary , it may be the same day , if to evacuate ; but if to revell , then in divers dayes ; for where it 's to evacuate ( especially in acute diseases ) the body is oft suddenly transferred to another state , the principio presently passing over ; and then bleeding is not so profitable although it may be used . In revulsion there 's respect had to the motion of the humour ; therefore reiteration by intervals is good ; for by this the blood in any part is drawn into the veines , and so farther ; bleeding is to be repeated , especially if that drawn be very putrid , and there seems to be a great quantity in the veines ; it s most fit to be performed on the right arme , yet also on the left , when therere's greater tension of the left Hypochondria then the right ; yet if to revell , and strength be little , the matter assault the head , and there be pain of the head , and watching , to open veines in the feet is most profitable . Frictions in putrid Fevers are seldom used , unlesse in syncopalis ; Cups may be often used if necessary , especially with Scarrification , in case strength & age wil not permit ven. sect. II. Pharmaceutica is to be used , and this is of two sorts : evacuation , and alteration ; the first comprehends purging , vomiting , sweating , and pissing ; in the second is cooling , attenuating , inciding , opening , and strengthening ; all which with their composition and use shall be orderly set down , beginning first with purgers . It 's controverted by some , whether there 's to be purgers used in the beginning of a putrid Fever , which is thus resolved . If the quantity of the matter immediately producing it , be contained in the greater veines , purging in the beginng is not fit , unlesse it be turgid , i. e. so stirred up by nature , and provoked by the ill quality thereof , that there 's an endeavour to expell it ; for hence it 's more ready for excretion ; and if not removed , it 's to be feared may rush upon some noble part , and do great hurt , yet this seldome happens , and therefore concoction is much to be desired before the matter be evacuated . But if the quantity of the matter contained in the first wayes be much , by which the Fever is much increased ; nature burdened , and the matter contained in the veines be kept from concoction , then purging may be exhibited the day after bleeding , but so gentle , as onely to evacuate the first wayes , i. e. the stomach , guts , midriffe or praecordia , which may be known to abound by loathing , bitternesse of the mouth , thirst , paine in the stomach and other parts contained in the lower belly , flux , and other symptomes , upon which account purging sometimes may be permitted the very same day a veine is opened , with these or the like . ℞ cassiae rec . extract . ℥ j. pulp . Tamarind . ℥ s. cum Sacch . cand . alb. f. bol. or ℞ diacathol . ʒvj . Elec. lenit . vel diapruni simp. ℥ s. cremor . Tart. ʒj . f. bol . or ℞ fol. endiv. cichor . acetos . an . Mi Tamarind . ℥ s. coq. ad ℥ iij. in colat . dissol . catholic . ℥ s. Mannae elec . & syr. ros. an . ℥ j. Misce , f. pot . if you would have it a little stronger , adde rhab. ʒj . vel . ℈ iiij . in aq. endiviae , vel cichorii infus . cum Santal . citri , yea rather sometimes if the Fever be not too intense , adde ʒij , vel iij Senae to the decoction . Some reject rhubarb , because it heats , also Manna & Syr. ros . because they are sweet and easily turned into choler , but being either infused or decocted in cooling waters they cannot be ill , especially if in the said decoction be added Pulp . Tamarind . which in this case is excellent . Some use in bilious Fevers the whey of Goates milke , which tempers the heat of the Fever , evacuates choler , and strengthens the bowels , in Cyatho uno seri lactis insunde per noctem rhab. ʒj . velʒ j s. or adde Syr. ros . ℥ ij . vel iij. exhibit in the morning , and after that drink lb ij . Note that Purgers to be used in the beginning of Putrids are called Minoratives , but those used when the matter is concocted Eradicatives , which also may be fit in the beginning . First , if the matter be turgid , i. e. either moving to a determinate part , or so disposed as to rush into a part , which may be perceived by light and wandering pains in divers parts speedily moving , as also oft change of colour in the face . Secondly , if the humours in primis viis . be not mixed with the blood in the veines .