The English physitian enlarged with three hundred, sixty, and nine medicines made of English herbs that were not in any impression until this: ... Being an astrologo-physical discourse of the vulgar herbs of this nation: containing a compleat method of physick, whereby a man may preserve his body in health; or cure himself, being sick, for three pence charge, with such things only as grow in England, they being most fit for English bodies. Herein is also shewed these seven things, viz. 1 The way of making plaisters, oyntments, oyls, pultisses, syrups, decoctions, julips, or waters, of al sorts of physical herbs ... 7 The way of mixing medicines according to cause and mixture of the disease, and part of the body afflicted. By Nich. Culpeper, Gent. student in physick and astrologie: living in Spittle Fields.

THE English Physitian enlarged .

Amara-dulcis .

COnsidering diverse Shires in this Nation give divers Names to one and the same Herb , and that common Name which it bears in one County , is not known in another : I shall take the pains to set down all the Names that I know of each Herb : pardon me for setting that Name first which is most common to myself ; besides Amara-dulcis , some call it Morral , others Bitter-sweet , some Woody-Nightshade , and others Felon-wort .

Description . ] It grows up with woody stalks even to a mans height , and somtimes higher : The leaves fall off at the approach of Winter , and spring out again of the same stalk at Spring time : the Branch is incompassed about with a whitish bark , and hath a peeth in the middle of it : the main Branch brancheth it self out into many smal ones , with claspers , laying hold on what is next to them , as Vines do . It bears many leaves , they grow in no order at all , or at least wise in no vulgar order : the leaves are longish , though somthing broad and pointed at the ends ; many of them have two little leaves growing at the end of their foot stalk , some of them have but one , and some none ; the leaves are of a pale green colour : the flowers are of a purple colour , or of a perfect blue , like to Violets , and they stand many of them together in knots : the Berries are green at the first , but when they are ripe , they are very red : if you taste them , you shall find them just as the crabs which we in Sussex call Bitter-sweet , viz. sweet at first , and bitter afterwards .

Place . ] They grow commonly almost throughout England , ●specially in moist and shady places .

Time . ] The leaves shout out about the latter end of March , if the temperature of the air be ordinary it flowereth in July , and the seeds are ripe soon after , usually in the next month .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Planet Mercury , and a notable Herb of his also , if it be rightly gathered under his influence ; it is excellent good to remove . Witchcrafts Witchcraft . both in men and beasts , as also all suddain Diseases whatsoever , being tyed round about the neck , it is one of the admirablist remedies for the Vertigo , Vertigo . or Dissiness in the head that is , and that 's the reason ( as Tragus saith ) the people in Germany commonly hang it about their cattels necks when they fear any such evil hath betided them . Country people commonly use to take the berries of it and having bruised them , they apply them to Felons , Felons . and thereby soon rid their fingers of such troublesom guests .

Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , difficulty of Breathing , bruises , falls , congealed blood , dropsie , yellow and black Jaundice , Women after delivery . We have now shewed you the External use of the Herb , we shal speak a word or two of the Internal , and so conclude : Take notice that it is a Mercurial herb , and therfore of very subtile parts , as indeed all Mercurial plants are ; therefore take a pound of the wood and leaves together , bruise the wood ( which you may easily do , for it is not so hard as Oak ) then put it in a pot , and put to it three pints of white Wine , put on the pot-lid and shut it close , then let it infuse hot over a gentle fire 12. hours , then strain it out , so have you a most excellent Drink to open Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , to help difficulty of breath , bruises , and falls , and congealed blood in any part of the body , to help the yellow Jaundice , the Dropsie , and black Jaundice , and to clense Women newly brought in bed : you may drink a quarter of a pint of the infusion every morning , it purgeth the body very gently , and not churlishly as some hold ; and when you find good by this , remember me .

Alheale .

IT is called Alheal , Hercules Alheal , and Hercules Wound-wort , because it is supposed that Hercules learned the herb and its vertues from Chyron , when he learned Physick of him●… some call it Panay , and others Opopanay-wort .

Description . ] Its Root is long , thick , and exceeding full o●… juyce , of a hot and biting taste ; the Leaves are great and large and winged almost like Ash-tree leaves , but that they are something hairy , each leaf consisting of five or six pair of such wing●… set one against the other , upon foot stalks broad below , but narrow toward the end , one of the leaves is a little deeper at the bottom than the other , of a fair , yellowish , fresh , green colour ; the●… are of a bitterish taste , being chewed in the mouth ; from amongst these riseth up a stalk , green in colour , round in form , great and strong in magnitude , five or six foot high in altitude , with many joynts , and some leaves thereat ; towards the top come forth umbels of smal yellow flowers , after which are passed away , you may find whitish , yellow , short , flat seeds , bitter also in taste .

Place . ] Having given you the Description of the Herb from the bottom to the top , give me leave to tell you that there are other Herbs called by this name ; but because they are strangers in England , I gave only the Description of this which is easie to be had in the Gardens of divers .

Time . ] Although Gerard say That they flower from the beginning of May to the end of December , experience teacheth them that keep it in their gardens , that it flowers not till the ●… atter end of Summer , and sheds it seeds presently after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mars ; hot , biting , and chollerick : and remedies what evils Mars afflicts the body of Man with by simpathy , as Vipers flesh attract poyson , and the Loadston iron : It kills the worms , helps the Gout , Cramp , and Convulsion ; provokes Urin , and helps all Joynt-aches , it helps all cold griefs of the Head , the Vertigo Falling sickness , and Lethargy , the wind Chollick , obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , Stone in the Kidnies and Bladder , Worms , Gout Cramp , Convulsion provoke urin , Joynt-aches , Vertigo , Falling sickness , Leathargie , Chollick , obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , Stone , Terms provokes , dead Birth , Sinews , Itch , Sores , Tooth ach , mad Dogs , venemous Beasts , Chollor . it provokes the Terms , expels the dead Birth , it is excellent good for the grief of the Sinews , Itch , Sores , and Tooth ach , the bi●… ings of mad Dogs and venemous Beasts , and purgeth Chollor very gently .

Alkanet .

BEsides the common Name it is called Orchanet , and Spanish Bugloss , and by Apothecaries , Anchusa .

Description . ] Of the many sorts of this Herb , there is but one ●… nown to grow commonly in this Nation ; of which one take ●… his Description , It hath a great and thick Root , of a redish co●… our , long , narrow , hairy leaves , green like the leaves of Bugloss which lie very thick upon the ground , the stalks rise up compassed round about thick with leaves which are lesser and narrower then the former , they are tender and slender , the flowers are hollow , small , and of a redish purple colour , the seed is greyish .

Place . ] It grows in Kent neer Rochester , and in many places , in the West Countrey , both in Devonshire and Cornwel .

Time . ] They flower in July and the beginning of August , and the Seed is ripe soon after , but the Root is in its prime as Carrots and Persnips are before the herb run up to stalk .

Ulcers Inflamations Burnings S. Anth. fire Morphew , Leprosie , dead Child yell . Jaund spleen , gravel , Venemous beasts Flux , worms , Mother , Back , Bruises , Falls , smal-pox . Measles , Wounds . Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb under the dominion of Venus , and indeed one of her darlings , though somthing hard to come by . It helps old Ulcers , hot Inflamations , burnings by common Fire , and St Anthonies fire , by antipathy to Mars , for these uses , your best way is to make it into an Ointment ; also if you make a Viniget of it , as you make Viniger of Roses , it helps the Morphew and Leprosie , if you apply the herb to the Privities it draws forth the dead Child , it helps the yellow Jaundice , Spleen , and Gravel in the Kidneys , ( Diascorides saith ) it helps such as are bitten by venemous Beasts , whether it be taken inwardly , or applied to the wound : nay , he saith further , If any one that hath newly eaten it do but spit in the mouth of a Serpent the Serpent instantly dies . It stayes the Flux of the Belly , kils Worms , helps the fits of the Mother ; its Decoction made in Wine and drunk , strengthens the Back , and easeth the pains therof , it helps Bruises and Falls , and is as gallant a Remedy to drive out the smal Pox and Measles as any is ; an Oyntment made of it , ts excellent for green Wounds , Pricks , or Thrusts .

Adders Tongue , Or , Serpents Tongue .

Description . THis smal Herb hath but one Leaf , which grows with the Stalk a fingers length above the ground , being fat , and of a fresh green color , broad like the Water Plantane ( but less ) without any middle Rib in it : from the bottom of which Leaf on the inside , riseth up ( ordinarily ) one , sometimes two , or three small slender stalks , the upper half whereof is somewhat bigger , and dented with small round dents of a yellowish green color , like the Tongue of an Adder or Serpent ( only this is as useful as they are formidable ) The Root continues all the yeer .

Place . ] It groweth in moist Meadows , and such like places .

Time . ] And is to be found in April and May , for it quickly perisheth with a little heat .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb under the Dominion of the Moon in Cancer , and therefore if the weakness of the Retentive Faculty be caused by an evil influence of Saturn , in any part of the Body governed by the Moon , or under the Dominion of Cancer , this Herb cures it by Sympathy : It cures those Diseases after specified in any part of the Body under the Influence of Saturn , by Antipathy .

It is temperate in respect of heat , but dry in the Second Degree . The Juyce of the Leaves drunk with the Distilled Water of Horstail is a singular Remedy for all manner of Wounds in the Breast , Bowels , Wounds in the Breast , Bowels , Vomiting , Bleeding , Terms stops , Whites , Wounds , Ulcers , Inflamations in Wounds . or other parts of the Body , and is given with good success unto those who are troubled with Casting , Vomiting , or Bleeding at the Mouth or Nose , or otherwise downwards . The said Juyce given in the distilled Water of Oaken Buds is very good for Women who have their usual Courses , or the Whites flowing down too abundantly . It helps sore Eyes . The Leaves infused or boyled in Oyl Omphacine , or unripe Olives , set in the Sun for certain daies , or the green Leaves sufficiently boyled in the said Oyl , is made an excellent green Balsom , not only for green and fresh Wounds , but also for old and inveterate Ulcers , especially if a little fine cleer Turpentine be dissolved therein : It also stayeth and represseth al Inflamations that arise upon pains , by Hurts or Wounds .

What parts of the Body are under each Planet and Sign , and also what Diseases may be found in my Astrological Judgment of Diseases , and for the internal Work of Nature in the Body of Man , as Vital , Animal , Natural , and Procreative Spirit of Man ; The Apprehension , Judgment , Memory : The external Sences , viz. Seeing , Hearing , Smelling , Tasting , and Feeling ; the Vertues , Attractive , Retentive , Digestive , Expulsive , &c. under the Dominion of what Planets they are , may be found in my Ephemeris for the yeer 1651. in both which you shal find the Chaff of Authors blown away , by the Fame of Dr. Reason , and nothing but Rational Truths left for the Ingenious to feed upon .

Lastly , To avoid blotting Paper with one thing many times , and also to ease your Purses in the price of the Book , and withal to make you studious in Physick , you have at the latter end of the Book , the way of preserving all Herbs either in Juyce , Conserve , Oyl , Oyntment , or Plaister , Electuary , Pill , or Troches .

Agrimony .

Description . ] THis hath diverse long Leaves ( some greater , some smaller ) set upon a Stalk , all of them dented about the edges , green above , and grayish underneath , and a little hairy withal : Among which ariseth up usually , but one strong , round , hairy , brown Stalk , two or three Foot high , with smaller Leaves set here and there upon it ; at the top whereof grow many smal yellow flowers one above another in long Spikes : after which come rough heads of Seeds hanging downwards which wil cleave to and stick upon Garments , or any thing that shall rub against them . The Root is black , long , and somwhat woody , abiding many yeers and shooting afresh every Spring , which Root , though smal , hath a reasonable good scent .

Place . ] It groweth upon Banks neer the sides of Hedges , or Pales .

Time . ] And it flowreth in July and August , the Seed being ripe shortly after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb under Jupiter , and the Sign Cancer , and strengthens those parts under that Planet and Sign , and removes Diseases in them by Sympathy , and those under Saturn , Clensing , Drying , Binding , Liver , Jaundice , Inward Wounds , Inward Bruises , Bloody & troubled Urine , Chollick , Breast , Cough , Tertian & Quartan Agues , Bloody flux , Ulcers , Cancers , Thorns , Splinters and Nails in the flesh Members out of joynt , Aposthumes . Mars , and Mercury , by Antipathy . If they happen in any part of the Body governed by Jupiter , or under the Signs , Cancer , Sagitary , or Pisces , and therefore must needs be good for the Gout , either used outwardly in an Oyl or Oyntment , or inwardly in an Electuary or Syrup , or concreated Juyce ; for which see the latter end of the Book .

It is of a clensing and cutting faculty without any manifest heat , moderately drying and binding ; It openeth and clenseth the Liver , helpeth the Jaundice , and is very beneficial to the Bowels , healing al inward wounds , Bruises , Hurts , and other distempers . The Decoction of the Herb made with Wine and drunk is good against the stinging and biting of Serpents , and helps them that have foul , troubled , or bloody waters , and makes them piss cleer speedily ; It also helpeth the Chollick , clenseth the Brest , and rids away the Cough . A draught of the Decoction taken warm before the Fit , first removes , and in time rids away the Tertian or Quartan Agues : The Leaves and Seed taken in Wine , stayeth the Bloody flux . Outwardly applied , being stamped with old Swines grease , it helpeth old sores , Cancers , and inveterate Ulcers ; and draweth forth Thorns , Splinters of Wood , Nails , or any other such thing gotten into the flesh ; it helpeth to strengthen the Members that be out of joynt ; and being bruised and applied , or the Juyce dropped in , it helpeth foul and imposthumed Ears .

The distilled Water of the Herb is good to al the said purposes , either inward or outward , but a great deal weaker .

It is a most admirable remedy for such whose Livers are annoyed either by heat or cold . The Liver is the Former of Blood , and Blood the Nourisher of the Body , and Agrimony a Strengthener of the Liver .

I cannot stand to give you a Reason in every Herb why it cureth such Diseases , but if you please to peruse my Judgment in the Herb Wormwood , you shal find them there ; and it wil be wel worth your while to consider it in every Herb , you shal find them true throughout the Book .

Water-Agrimony .

IT is called in some Countreys , Water Hemp , Bastard Hemp , and Bastard Agrimony , Eupatorium , and Hepatorium , because it strengthens the Liver .

Description . ] The Root continues a long time , having many long , slender strings , the stalks grow up about two foot high , sometimes higher ; they are of a dark purple color ; the Branches are many , growing at distances the one from the other , the one from the one side of the stalk , the other from the opposite point ; the Leaves are winged , and much indented at the edges ; the Flowers grow at the tops of the Branches , of a brown yellow color , spotted with black spots , having a substance within the midst of them like that of a Daisie , if you rub them between your fingers , they smel like Rozin , or Cedar when it is burnt ; the Seeds are long , and easily stick to any woolen thing they touch .

Place . ] They delight not in heat , and therefore they are not so frequently found in the Southern parts of England as in the North , where they grow frequently ; you may look for them in cold grounds , by ponds , and ditch sides , as also by running waters ; Cutteth , Clenseth , Breast , Cachexia , Dropsie , yellow Jaundice , Obstructions , Liver , spleen , Imposthums , Urine , terms provokes , Worms , Itch , Scabs flies , wsps . sometimes you shal find them grow in the midst of the Waters .

Time . ] They al flower in July and August , and the seed is ripe presently after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Plant of Jupiter as wel as the other Agrimony , only this belongs to the Coelestial Sign Cancer . It healeth and drieth , cutteth and clenseth thick and tough humors of the Breast , and for this I hold it inferior to but few Herbs that grow : It helps the Cachexia , or evil disposition of the Body ; the dropsie , and yellow Jaundice ; it opens obstructions of the Liver , and mollifies the hardness of the Spleen ; being applied outwardly , it breaks Imposthumes , taken inwardly , it is an excellent Remedy for the third day Ague ; It provokes Urine and the Terms , it kills Worms , and clenseth the Body of sharp Humors , which are the cause of Itch , Scabs ; the smoke of the Herb being burnt drives away Flies , Wasps , &c. it strengthens the Lungues exceedingly . Lungs , Cattel . Country people give it to their Cattel , when they are troubled with the Cough , or broken winded .

Alehoof , Or Ground-Ivy .

SEveral Countries give it several Names , so that there is scarce an Herb growing of that bigness that hath got so many ; It is called Cats-foot , Ground-Ivy , Gill go by ground , and Gill creep by ground , Tun-hoof , Hay-maids , and Alehoof .

Description . ] This well known Herb , lieth , spreadeth , and creepeth upon the ground , shooting forth Roots , at the corners of the tender joynted Stalks , set all along with two round Leaves at every Joynt , somwhat hairy , crumpled , and unevenly dented about the edges with round dents : at the Joynts likewise with the Leaves towards the end of the Branches come forth hollow long Flowers , of a bluish purple color , with smal white spots upon the Lips that hang down : The Root is smal with strings .

Place . ] It is commonly found under Hedges , and on the sides of Ditches , under Houses , or in shadowed Lanes , and other wast grounds in almost every part of the Land .

Time . ] They Flower somwhat early , and abide so a great while ; the Leaves continue green untill Winter , and somtimes abide , except the Winter be very sharp and cold .

Inward Wounds , Pains , griping , Wind Choller , Stomach , Spleen , Belly , stopping in the Liver , Gal Plague , Poyson , Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Venus , and therefore cures the Diseases she causes , by Sympathy , and those of Mars by Antipathy : You may usually find it al the yeer long , except the yeer be extream frosty . It is quick , sharp , and bitter in tast , and is thereby found to be hot and dry ; a singular Herb for all inward Wounds , exulcerated Lungues , or other parts , either by it self , or boyled with other the like Herbs : And being drunk , it in short time easeth all griping Pains , windy and chollerick Humors in the Stomach , Spleen , or Belly : helps the yellow Jaundice by opening the stoppings of the Gaul and Liver , and Melancholly by opening the stoppings of the Spleen , expelleth Venom or Poyson , and also the Plague , it provoketh Urin , and Womens Courses . The Decoction of it in Wine drunk for some time together , procureth ease unto them that are troubled with the Sciatica , Gout , Sciaticae , sore Mouth & Throat , Ulcers in the Privities , Itch , Scabs , Web in the Eye , Redness & watring of them , Ulcers , noise in the Ears Deafness . or Hip-Gout , as also the Gout in the Hands , Knees , or Feet : and if you put to the Decoction , some Honey , and a little burnt Allum , it is excellent good to gargle any sore Mouth or Throat , and to wash the Sores and Ulcers in the privy parts of man or woman : It speedily helpeth green Wounds , being bruised and bound thereunto : The Juyce of it boyled with a little Honey and Verdigreece , doth wonderfully clense Fistulaes , Ulcers , and stayeth the spreading or eating of Cancers and Ulcers ; It helpeth the Itch , Scabs , Wheals , and other breakings out in any part of the Body . The Juyce of Celondine , Field Daysies , and Ground-Ivy clarified , and a little fine Sugar dissolved therein , and dropped into the Eyes , is a Sovereign Remedy for all the Pains , Redness , and Watering of them ; as also for the Pin and Web , Skins , and Films growing over the Sight ; It helpeth Beasts as well as Men ; The Juyce dropped into the Ears doth wonderfully help the noise and singing of them , and helpeth the Hearing which is decayed . It is good to Tun up with new Drink , for it will so clarifie it in a night , that it will be the fitter to be drunk the next morning ; or if any Drink be thick with removing , or any other accident , it will do the like in a few hours .

Alexander .

IT is also called Alisander , Horse Parsly , and Wild Parsly , and the black Pot-Herb ; the Seed of it is that which is usually sold in the Apothecaries Shops for Macedonian Parsly-Seed .

Description . ] It is usually sown in all the Gardens in Europe , and so well known , that it needs no further Description .

Time . ] They Flower in June , and July , and the Seed is ripe in August . Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , provokes the Terms Afterbirth Wind , provokes Urin , biting of Serpents

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Jupiter , and therefore friendly to Nature , for it warmeth a cold Stomach , and openeth stoppings of the Liver and Spleen ; it is good to move Womens Courses , to expel the After-birth , to break wind , to provoke Urine , and help the Strangury ; and these things the Seeds will do likewise : if either of them be boyled in Wine , or being bruised and taken in Wine , it is also effectual against the biting of Serpents . And now you know what Alexander Pottage is good for , that you may no longer eat it out of ignorance , but out of knowledg .

The Black Alder-Tree .

Description . THis Tree seldom groweth to any great bigness , but for the most part abideth like a Hedg , Bush , or Tree spreading into Branches , the Wood of the Body being white , and of a dark red Core , or Heart ; the outward Bark is of a blackish color , with many white spots thereon : but the inner Bark next unto the Wood is yellow , which being chewed will turn the Spittle neer unto a Saffron color . The Leaves are somwhat like those of the ordinary Alder-Tree , or the Foemale Cornel , or Dog-berry-Tree , called in Sussex Dog-wood , but blacker , and not so long . The Flowers are white , coming forth with the Leaves at the Joynts , which turn into smal round Berries , first green , afterwards red , but blackish when they are through ripe , divided as it were into two parts , wherein is contained two smal , round , and flat Seeds : The Root runneth not deep into the ground , but spreadeth rather under the upper crust of the Earth .

Place . ] This Tree or Shrub may be found plentifully in St. Johns Wood by Hornsey , and in the Woods upon Hamsted Heath ; as also at a Wood called the old , Park in Barcomb in Sussex , neer the Brooks side .

Time . ] It Flowreth in May , and the Berries are ripe in September .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Tree of Venus , and perhaps under the Coelestial Sign Cancer . The inner yellow Bark hereof purgeth downwards both Choller and Flegm , Choller , Flegm , and the watry humors of such as have the Dropsie , and strengtheneth the inward parts again by binding . If the Bark hereof be boyled with Agrimony , Wormwood , Dodder , Hops , and some Fennel , with Smallage , Endive , and Succory Roots , and a reasonable draught taken every morning for some time together , Jaundice , Dropsie , Cachexia , Liver , Spleen . it is very effectual against the Jaundice , Dropsie , and the evil disposition of the Body , especially if some sutable purging Medicine have been taken before to avoid the grosser excrements ; It purgeth and strengtheneth the Liver and Spleen , clensing them from such evil humors , and hardness as they are afflicted with : It is to be understood that these things are performed by the dryed Bark , for the fresh green Bark taken inwardly , provoketh strong Vomithings , pains in the Stomach , , and gripings in the Belly : Yet if the Decoction may stand and settle two or three daies untill the yellow color be changed black , it will not work so strongly as before , Stomach weak , Apetite lost , Flux , Lice Itch , Scabs Toothach , Teeth loos . but will strengthen the Stomach , and procure an Appetite to meat . The outer Bark contrarywise doth bind the Body , and is helpful for all Lasks and Fluxes thereof , but this must also be dried first , whereby it will work the better . The inner Bark hereof boyled in Vinegar , is an approved remedy to kill Lice , to cure the Itch , and take away Scabs by drying them up in a short time : It is singular good to wash the Teeth , to take away the Pains , to fasten those that are loose , to clense them , and keep them sound . The Leaves are good Fodder for Kine to make them give more Milk .

If in the Spring time you use the Herbs before mentioned , and will but take a handful of each of them , and to them ad a handful of Elder Buds , and having bruised them al , boyl them in a Gallon of ordinary Beer when 't is new , and having boyled them half an hour , ad this to three Gallons more , and let them work together , and drink a draught of it every morning , half a pint , or there abouts : It is an excellent Purge for the Spring , to consume that Flegmatick quality the Winter hath left behind it , and withal keep your Body in health , and consume those evil humors which the heat of Summer will readily stir up , esteem it as a Jewel .

The Common Alder-Tree .

Description . GRoweth to a reasonable heighth , and spreads much if it like the place : It is so generally well known unto Country people , that I conceive it needless to tell them that which is no news .

Place and Time . ] It delighteth to grow in moist Woods , and watry places ; Flowring in April or May , and yielding ripe Seed in September .

Government and Use . ] It is a Tree under the Dominion of Venus , and of some watry Sign or other , I suppose Pisces , and therefore the Decoction or distilled Water of the Leaves , is excellent against Burnings , and Inflamation , Burnings , Inflamations . either with Wounds or without , to bath the place grieved with , and especially for that inflamation in the Breast which the vulgar call an Ague .

If you cannot get the Leaves ( as in Winter 't is impossible ) make use of the Bark in the same manner .

The Leaves and Bark of the Alder-Tree , are cooling , drying , Cooling , Drying , Binding , Swellings , and binding , : The fresh Leaves laid upon swellings , dissolveth them , and stayeth the Inflamations ; The Leaves put under the bare feet gauled with travelling are a great refreshing to them : The said Leaves gathered while the morning dew is on them , and brought into a Chamber troubled with Fleas , Fleas . will gather them thereinto , which being suddenly cast out will rid the Chamber of those troublesom Bed-fellows .

Angelica .

TO write a Description of that which is so well known to be growing in almost every Garden , I suppose is altogether needless : yet for its Vertues it is of admirable use .

In times of Heathenism when men had found out any excellent Herb , &c. they dedicated it to their gods , As the Bay-tree to Apollo , the Oak to Jupiter , the Vine to Bacchus , the Poplar to Hercules : These the Papists following as their Patriarchs , they dedicate them to their Saints , as our Ladies Thistle to the Blessed Virgin , St. Johns Wort to St. John , and another Wort to St. Peter , &c. Our Physitians must imitate like Apes , ( though they cannot come off half so cleverly ) for they Blasphemously call Pansies , or Harts-ease , an Herb of the Trinity , because it is of three colors : and a certain Oyntment , an Oyntment of the Apostles , because it consisteth of twelve Ingredients ; Alas poor Fools , I am sorry for their folly , and grieved at their Blasphemy ; God send them the rest of their Age , for they have their share of Ignorance already ; O! Why must ours be Blasphemous because the Heathens and Papists were Idolatrous ? certainly they have read so much in old rusty Authors , that they have lost al their Divinity , for unless it were amongst the Ranters , I never read or heard of such Blasphemy : The Heathens and Papists were bad , and ours worse ; the Papists giving Idolatrous Names to Herbs for their Vertues sake , not for their fair looks , and therefore some called this , an Herb of the Holy Ghost , others more moderate called it ANGELICA , because of its Angelical Vertues , and that Name it retains stil , and al Nations follow it so neer as their Dialect wil permit .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of the Sun in Leo ; let it be gathered when he is there , the Moon applying to his good Aspect ; let it be gathered either in his hour , or in the hour of Jupiter , let Sol be angular . Observe the like in gathering the Herbs of other Plants , and you may happen to do wonders . In al Epidemical Diseases caused by Saturn , this is as good a Preservative as grows . Poyson , Pestilence , Epidemical Diseases . It resists Poyson by defending and comforting the Heart , Blood , and Spirits ; it doth the like against the Plague and al Epidemical Diseases if the Root be taken in Pouder to the weight of half a dram at a time with som good Treacle in Cardus Water , and the party thereupon laid to sweat in his Bed . If Treacle be not to be had , take it alone in Cardus , or Angelica Water . The Stalks or Roots candied and eaten fasting , are good Preservatives in time of Infection ; and at other times to warm and comfort a cold stomach . The Root also steeped in Vineger , Cold , Wind Pleuresie , Cough , Lungues , Breast , Strangury , Shortness of Breath , Chollick , Provokes the Terms , after birth , stoppings of the Liver and Spleen ; Indigestion , Surfets , Tooth-ach and a little of that Vineger taken sometimes fasting , and the Root smelled unto , is good for the same purpose . A water distilled from the Root simply , or steeped in Wine , and distilled in Glass , is much more effectual than the Water of the Leaves ; and this Water drunk two or three spoonfuls at a time , easeth al pains and torments coming of cold and wind , so as the Body be not bound : and taken with some of the Root in Pouder at the beginning helpeth the Pluresie , as also al other Diseases of the Lungues and Breast , as Coughs , Phthisick , and shortness of Breath ; and a Syrup of the Stalks doth the like : It helps pains of the Chollick , the Strangury , and stopping of the Urine , procureth Womens Courses , and expelleth the After-birth , openeth the stoppings of the Liver and Spleen , and briefly easeth and discusseth all windiness and inward swellings . The Decoction drunk before the fit of an Ague , that they may sweat ( if possible ) before the fit come , wil in two or three times taking rid it quite away : it helps digestion , and is a remedy for a Surfet . The Juyce , or the Water being dropped into the Eyes or Ears , helps dimness of sight , and deafness : The Juyce put into the hollow Teeth , easeth their pains . The Roots in Pouder made up into a Plaister with a little Pitch ; biting of mad Dogs . and laid on the biting of a mad Dog , or any other Venemous Creature , doth wonderfully help : The Juyce , or the Water dropped , or tents wet therein , and put into old filthy deep Ulcers , Ulcers , Gout , Sciatica . Or the Pouder of the Root ( in want of either ) doth clense and cause them to heal quickly , by covering the naked bones with flesh . The distilled Water applied to places pained with the Gout or Sciatica , doth give a great deal of ease .

The wild Angelica is not so effectual as the Garden , although it may be safely used to al the purposes aforesaid .

Amaranthus .

BEsides this common Name , by which it is best known by the Florists of our dayes , it is also called , Flower-Gentle , Flower-Velure , Floramor , and Velvet Flower .

Description . ] It being a Garden Flower , and wel known to every one that keeps of it , I might forbear the Description , yet notwithstanding , because some desire it , I shal give it : It runneth up with a Stalk a cubit high , straked , and somwhat reddish toward the Root , but very smooth , divided towards the Top with smal Branches , among which stand long broad Leaves of a reddish green color , slippery ; the Flowers are not properly Flowers , but Tufts , very beautiful to behold , but of no smel , of a reddish color ; if you bruise them they yield Juyce of the same color ; being gathered they keep their beauty a long time ; the Seed is of a shining black color .

Time . ] They continue in flower from August til the time the Frost nip them .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Saturn , and is an excellent qualifier of the unruly actions and passions of Venus , though Mars also should joyn with her . The Flower dried and beaten into pouder , Terms stops . stop the Terms in Women , and so do almost al other red things . And by the Icon , or Image of every Herb , the Ancients at first found out their Vertues : Modern Writers they laugh at them for it ; but I wonder in my heart how the Vertues of Herbs came at first to be known , if not by their Signatures : The Modern have them from the Writing of the Ancients , the Ancients had no Writings to have them from : Flux , bleeding , Whites , Running of the Reins , French pox . but to proceed . The Flowers stop all Fluxes of Blood whether in man or woman , bleeding either by the Nose or Wound . There is also a sort of Amaranthus which bears a white Flower , which stops the Whites in women , and the running of the Reins in men , and is a most gallant Antivenerian , and a singular Remedy for the French Pox .

Anemone .

CAlled also Wind-flower , because they say the flowers never open but when the wind bloweth : Pliny is my Author , if it be not so , blame him : The Seed also ( it it bears any at all ) flies away with the wind .

Place and Time . ] They are sown usually in the Gardens of the Curious , and flowers in the Spring-time . As for Description I shal pass it , they being wel known to al those that sow them .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mars , being supposed to be a kind of Crowfoot . The Leaves provoke the Terms mightily being boyled , Terms provokes , and the Decoction drunk . The Body being bathed with the Decoction of them , cures the Leprosie . The Leaves being stamped , and the Juyce snuffed up the Nose , Head purgeth , purgeth the Head mightily ; so doth the Root being chewed in the mouth , for it procureth much spitting , and bringeth away many watry and flegmatick humors , and is therefore excellent for the Lethargy : Lethargie . and when al is done , let Physitians prate what they please , al the Pils in the Dispensatory purge not the Head like to hot things held in the mouth : being made into an Oyntment , and the Eye-lids anointed with it , it helps inflamations of the Eyes , Eyes inslamed , Ulcers . whereby it is palpable that every stronger draweth its weaker like ; the same Oyntment is excellent good to clense malignant and corroding Ulcers .

Garden Arrach .

CAlled also , Orach , and Orage .

Description . ] It is so commonly known to every Houswife , it were but labor lost to describe it .

Time . ] It flowreth and seedeth from June to the end of August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Government of the Moon ; in quality cold and moist like unto her . It softeneth and looseneth the body of man being eaten , and fortifieth the expulsive faculty in him . Expulsive Faculty , Throat , The Herb whether it be bruised and applied to the Throat , or boyled , and in like manner applied it matters not much , it is excellent good for swellings in the Throat , the best way I suppose is to boyl it , and having drunk the Decoction inwardly , Yellow Jaurdice . apply the Herb outwardly ; the Decoction of it besides , is an excellent remedy for the yellow Jaundice . Yellow Jaundice .

Arrach , wild and stinking .

CAlled also Vulvaria from that part of the Body upon which the operation is most , also Dogs Arrach , Goats Arrach , and stinking Mother-wort .

Description . ] This hath smal , and almost round Leaves , yet a little pointed , and without dent or cut , of a dusky mealy color , growing on the slender Stalks and Branches that spread on the ground , with smal flowers in clusters set with the Leaves , and smal Seeds succeeding like the rest , perishing yeerly , and rising again with its own sowing . It smels like old rotten fish , or somthing worse .

Place . ] It grows usually upon Dunghils .

Time . ] They flower in June and July , and their Seed is ripe quickly after .

Government and Vertues . ] Stinking Arrach is used as a remedy to help Women pained , and almost strangled with the Mother , Mother , by smelling to it : But inwardly taken there is not a better Remedy under the Moon for that Disease . I would be large in commendation of this Herb , were I but Eloquent . It is an Herb under the Dominion of Venus , and under the Sign Scorpio : It ●… s common almost upon every Dunghil . The Works of God are given freely to Man , his Medicines are common and cheap , and easie to be found : ( 't is the Medicines of the Colledg of Physiti●… ns that are so dear , and scarce to find . ) I commend it for an Universal Medicine for the Womb , Womb , and such a Medicine as wil ●… asily , safely , and speedily cure any Disease thereof , as the fits of ●… he Mother , Dislocation , or falling out thereof ; it cools the Womb being over-heated . ( And let me tel you this , and I wil ●… el you but the truth , Heat of the Womb is one of the greatest ●… auses of hard Labor in Child-birth ) It makes barren Women ●… ruitful , it clenseth the Womb if it be foul , and strengthens it excee●… ingly ; it provokes the Terms if they be stopped , and stops them ●… f they flow immoderatly : You can desire no good to your Womb ●… ut this Herb will effect it ; therfore if you love Children , if you ●… ove Health , if you love Ease , keep a Syrup alwaies by you made of ●… he Juyce of this Herb and Sugar , ( or Honey if it be to clense the Womb ) & let such as be rich keep it for their poor neighbors , and ●… estow it as freely as I bestow my Studies upon them , or else let ●… hem look to answer it another day when the Lord shal come to make inquisitian of Blood .

Arch-angel .

TO put a gloss upon their practice , the Physitians cal an Herb ( which Country people vulgarly know by the name ●… f Dead Nettles ) Arch-angel , wherein whether they savor of more Superstition or Folly , I leave to the Judicious Reader . There i● more curiosity than courtesie to my Country men used by others in the explanation , as wel of the Names as Description of this so wel-known an Herb : which that I may not also be guilty of , take this short Description , first of the red Arch-angel .

Description . ] This hath diverse squar stalks somwhat hairy , at the joynts whereof , grow two sad green Leaves dented about the edges , opposite to one another , the lowermost upon long footstalks , but without any toward the tops which are somwhat round , yet pointed , and a little crumpled and hairy : Round about the upper joynts where the Leavs grow thick , are sundry gaping flowers of a pale reddish color ; after which come the Seeds , three or four in a Husk . The Root is smal and thriddy , perishing every yeer : the whol Plant hath a strong scent , but not stinking .

White Arch-angel hath divers square stalks , not standing streight , upright , but bending downward , whereon stand two Leaves at a joynt , larger and more pointed than the other , dented about the edges , and greener also , more like unto Nettle-Leaves , but not stinging , yet hairy : At the joynts with the Leaves stand larger and more open gaping white flowers , in Husks round about the stalks ( but not with such a bush of leaves , as flowers set in the top , as is on the other ) wherein stand smal roundish black Seeds : The Root is white , with many strings at it , not growing downward , but lying under the upper crust of the Earth , and abideth many yeers encreasing : This hath not so strong a scent as the former .

Yellow Arch-angel is like the white in the Stalks and Leaves , but that the Stalks are more streight and upright , and the joynts with Leaves are further asunder , having longer Leaves than the former ; and the flowers a little larger and more gaping , of a fair yellow color in most , in some paler . The Roots are like the White , only they creep not so much under the ground .

Place . ] They grow almost every where ( unless it be in the middle of the street ) the Yellow most usually in the wet grounds of woods , and somtimes in the dryer , in divers Countries of this Nation .

Time . ] They flower from the beginning of the Spring al the Summer long .

Vertues and Use . ] The Arch-angels are somwhat hot and dryer than the stinging Nettles , & used with better success for the stopping & hardnes of the Spleen , than they by using the decoction of the Herb in Wine , & afterwards applying the Herb hot unto the Region of the Spleen as a Plaister , Spleen . or the Decoction with Spunges . The flowers of the white Arch-angel are preserved , o●… conserved to be used to stay the Whites , Whites . and the flowers of the Red to stay the Reds in Women . It makes the heart merry , drives away Melancholly , Melancholy , Quartan Agues , Bleeding at Nose , Swellings , Kings Evil , Gout , Sciatica , Joynts , Ulcers , old sores , Bruises , Burnings . quickens the Spirits , is good against Quartan Agues , stancheth bleedings at mouth or nose , if it be stamped and applied to the nape of the Neck : The Herb also bruised , and with some Salt and Vineger , and Hogs Grease laid upon any hard tumor or swelling ; or that which is vulgarly called the Kings Evil , doth help to dissolve or discuss them , and being in like manner applied , doth much allay the pains , and give ease to the Gout , Sciatica , and other aches of the Joynts and Sinews : It is also very effectual to heal al green Wounds , and old Ulcers , also to stay their fretting , gnawing , and spreading ; It draweth forth Splinters and such like things gotten into the flesh , and is very good against bruises and burnings . But the yellow Arch-angel , is most commended for old filthy corrupt Sores and Ulcers , yea , although they grow to be hollow ; and to dissolve tumors . The chief use of them is for Women , it being an Herb of Venus , and may be found in my Guide for Women .

Ars-smart .

THe hot Ars-smart is called also Water-Pepper , Culrage : The mild Ars-smart is called dead Ars-smart , Porcicaria , or Peach-Wort , because the Leaves are so like the Leaves of a Peach-tree ; it is also called Plumbago .

Description of the mild . ] This hath broad Leaves set at the great red Joynts of the Stalks , with semicircular blackish marks on them usually , yet sometimes without : The flowers grow in long Spikes usually , either blush or whitish with such like Seed following . The Root is long , with many strings thereat , perishing yeerly ; this hath no sharp tast ( as another sort hath , which is quick and biting ) but rather sowr like Sorrel , or else a little drying , or without tast .

Place . ] It grows in watery Plashes , Ditches , and the like , which for the most part are dry in Summer .

Time . ] It flowreth in June , and the Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] As the Vertues of both these is various , so are also their Government ; for that which is hot and biting , is under the Dominion of Mars , but Saturn challengeth the other , as appears by that Leaden color'd spot he hath placed upon the Leaf .

It is of a cooling and drying quality , and very effectual for putrified Ulcers in Man or Beast , Ulcers Cold swellings , bruises , Congeled Blood , Toothach , Felones , or Andicoms , Worms in 〈◇〉 Ears , F●●● tyred Sorses Impostums Inflamations , Wounds , to kill Worms , and clense the putrified Places : The Juyce thereof dropped in , or otherwise applied , consumeth al cold swellings , and dissolveth the congealed Blood of bruises by strokes , salls , &c. A piece of the Root , or some of the seed bruised and held to an aching Tooth , taketh away the pain . The Leaves bruised and laid to the Joynt that hath a Felon thereon , taketh it away . The Juyce destroyeth Worms in the Ears being dropped into them : if the hot Arsmart be strewed in a Chamber , it will soon kill al the Fleas ; and the Herb or Juyce of the cold Arsmart put to a Horse or other Cattels sores wil drive away the Flie in the hottest time of Summer ; a good handful of the hot biting Arsmart put under a Horses Saddle , wil make him travel the better , although he were half tyred before : The mild Arsmart is good against hot Imposthumes and Inflamations at the beginning , and to heal green Wounds .

All Authors chop the Vertues of both sorts of Arsmart together , as men chop Herbs for the Pot , when both of them are of clean contrary qualities , The hot Arsmart groweth not so high , or tall , as the mild doth , but hath many leaves of the colour of Peach leaves , very seldom or never spotted , in other particulars it is like the former , but may easily be known from it , if you wil be but pleased to break a leaf of it cross your tongue , for the hot wil make your tongue to smart , so wil not the cold ; if you see them both together , you may easily distinguish them , becaus the mild hath far broader leavs : and our Colledg of Physitians out of their learned care for the publick good , Anglice their own gain , mistake the one for the other in their New-Master-Piece , whereby they discover , 1 Their Ignorance , 2 Their Carelesness , and he that hath but half an eye , may see their pride without a pair of Spectacles . I have done what I could to distinguish them in their Vertues , and when you find not the contrary named , use the cold . The truth is , I have not yet spoken with Dr. Reason , nor his Brother Dr. Experience , concerning either of them both .

Asarabacca .

Description . ] A Sarabacca hath many Heads rising from the Roots , from whence come many smooth Leaves , every one upon his own footstalk , which are rounder and bigger than Violet Leaves , thicker also , and of a darker green shining colour on the upper side , and of a paler yellow green underneath , little or nothing dented about the edges : from among which rise smal , round , hollow , brown , green husks , upon short stalks about an inch long , divided at the brims into five divisions , very like the Cups or Heads of the Henbane seed , but that they are smaller : and these be all the Flowers it carrieth , which are somwhat sweet , being smelled unto , and wherein when they are ripe is contained smal cornered , rough Seeds , very like the Kernels or Stones of Grapes or Raisons . The Roots are smal and whitish , spreading divers wayes in the ground , and encreasing into divers Heads : but not running or creeping under the ground as some other creeping Herbs do : They are somwhat sweet in smel , resembling Nardus , but more when they are dry , than green : and of a sharp , but not unpleasant tast .

Place . ] It groweth frequently in Gardens .

Time . ] They keep their Leaves green al Winter , but shoot forth new in the Spring , and with them come forth those Heads or Flowers which give ripe Seed about Midsummer , or somwhat after .

Government and Vertues . ] 't is a Plant under the Dominion of Mars , and therefore inimical to Nature . This Herb being drunk , not only provoketh Vomiting , Causeth Vomiting , Choller , Flegm , Urin , Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , Dropsie , Jaundice , Agues . but purgeth downward , and by Urin also , purging both Choller and Flegm : if you ad to it some Spicknard , with the Whey of Goats-milk , or Honyed Water , it is made more strong , but it purgeth Flegm more manifestly than Chollor , and therefore doth much help pains in the Hips and other parts , it being boyled in Whey , it wonderfully helpeth the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , and therefore profitable for the Dropsie and Jaundice being steeped in Wine and drunk . It helps those continual Agues that come by the plenty of stubborn humors : an Oyl made thereof by setting it in the Sun , with some Laudanum added to it , provoketh sweating ( the ridg of the Back being anointed therewith ) and thereby driveth away the shaking fits of the Agues . It wil not abide any long boyling , for it loseth its chiefest strength thereby : nor much beating , for the finer Pouder doth provoke Vomits and Urin , and the courser purgeth downwards .

The common use hereof , is , to take the Juyce of five or seven Leaves in a little drink to caus Vomitings : the Roots have also the same Vertue , though they do not operate so forcibly , yet they are very effectual against the biting of Serpents , Serpents , Head , Memory . and therfore is put as an ingredient both into Methridate and Venice Treacle . The Leaves and Roots being boyled in Ly , and the Head often washed therwith , while it is warm , comforteth the Head and Brain that is ill-affected by taking cold , and helpeth the Memory .

I shal desire Ignorant people to forbear the Use of the Leaves ; the Roots purge more gently , and may prove beneficial in such as have Cancers , or old putrified Ulcers , or Fistulaes upon their Bodies , to take a dram of them in Pouder in a quarter of a pint of white Wine in the morning . The truth is , I fancy Purging and Vomiting Medicines as little as any Man breathing doth , for they weaken Nature , nor shal never advise them to be used unless upon urgent necessity . If a Physitian be Natures Servant , it is his duty to strengthen his Mistris as much as he can , and weaken her as little as may be .

Asparagus , Sparagus , or Sperage .

Description . IT riseth up at first with divers whitish green scaly Heads , very brittle or easie to break while they are yong , which afterwards rise up in very long and slender green stalks , of the bigness of an ordinary riding wand at the bottom of most , or bigger or lesser , as the Roots are of growth : on which are set divers branches of green Leavs , shorter and smaller than Fennel to the top : at the joynts whereof come forth smal mossie yellowish Flowers , which turn into round Berries , green at the first , and of an excellentred colour when they are ripe , shewing like Beads of Corral , wherin are contained exceeding hard , black Seeds . The Roots are dispersed from a spongeous head into many long , thick , and round strings , whereby it sucketh much nourishment out of the ground , and encreaseth plentifully therby .

Prickly Asparagus , Sparagus , or Sperage .

Description . ] IT groweth usually in Gardens , and some of it grows wild in Apleton Meadow in Gloucester-shire , where the poor people do gather the Buds , or yong Shoots , and sel them cheaper than our garden Asparagus is sold at London .

Time . ] They do for the most part Flower , and bear their Berries late in the year , or not at al , although they are housed in Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] They are both under the Dominion of Jupiter . The young Buds , or Branches , boyled in ones ordinary broth , maketh the belly soluble and open , and boyled in white Wine , Belly , Strangury , Disury Gout , Sciatica , Eyes Toothach . provoketh Urin being stopped , and is good against the Strangury , or difficulty of making water , it expelleth the gravel and stone out of the Kidne●s , and helpeth pains in the Reins : And boyled in white wine or Vinegar , it is prevalent for them that have their Arteries loosned , or are troubled with the Hip-Gout , or Sciatica . The Decoction of the Roots boyled in wine and taken , is good to clear the sight , and being held in the mouth easeth the toothach : and being taken fasting several mornings together stirreth up bodily Lust in Man or Woman ( whatsoever some have written to the contrary . ) The garden Asparagus nourisheth more than the wild , yet hath it the same effects in al the aforementioned Diseases . The Decoction of the Roots in white wine , and the Back and Belly bathed therwith , Reins , Bladder , Mother , Cramp , Chollick , Convulsion or kneeling or lying down in the same , or sitting therin as a Bath , hath been found effectual against pains of the Reins and Bladder , pains of the Mother and Chollick , and generally against al pains that happen to the lower parts of the Body , and no less effectual against stiff and benumned Sinews , or those that are shrunk by Cramps and Convulsions , and helpeth the Sciatica .

Ash-tree .

THis is so wel known , that time wil be mispent in writing a Description of it ; and therfore I shal only insist upon the Vertues of it .

Government and Vertues . ] It is governed by the Sun , and the yong tender Tops with the Leaves taken inwardly , and some of them outwardly , applyed , Adders & Vipers biting , Dropsie , Stone , Jaundice , Leprosie , scabs , scald Heads , Stitches , Stone , Disury ●rickets . are singular good against the biting of the Viper , Adder , or any other venemous Beast : and the Water distilled therfrom , being taken a smal quantity every morning fasting , is a singular Medicine for those that are subject to a Dropsie , or to abate the greatness of those who are too gross or fat . The Decoction of the Leaves in white Wine , helpeth to break the Stone and expel it , and cureth the Jaundice . The Ashes of the Bark of the Ash made into Ly , and those Heads bathed therewith which are Leprous , Scabby , or Scal'd , they thereby cured . The Kernels within the Husks commonly called Ashen Keyes prevaileth against Stitches & pains in the sides proceeding of wind , and avoideth away the Stone by provoking Urin .

I can justly except against none of al this , save only the first , viz. That Ash-tree Tops and Leaves are good against the biting of Serpents and Vipers , and I suppose this had its rise from Gerard or Pliny , both which hold that there is such an Antipathy between an Adder and an Ash-tree , that if an Adder be compassed round with Ash-tree leaves , she wil sooner run through the fire than through the leaves , the contrary to which is the truth , as both my eyes are witness : the rest are Vertues somthing likely , only if it be in winter when you cannot get the leaves , you may safely use the bark instead of them , the Keys you may easily keep al the year , gathering them when they are ripe .

Avens , called also Clovewort , and Herb Benet .

Description ] THe ordinary Avens hath many long , rough , dark green , winged Leaves rising from the Root , every one made of many Leaves set on each side of the middle Rib , the la●gest three whereof grow at the ends and are snip'd or denied round about the edges : the other being smal pieces , somtimes two , and somtimes four , standing on each side of the middle rib underneath them : among which do rise up divers rough or hairy stalks about two foot high , branching forth with leaves at every joynt , not so long as those below , but almost as much out in on the edges , some into three parts , some into more : On the tops of the branches stand smal pale yellow Flowers consisting of five leaves , like the Flowers of Cynkfoil , but larger in the middle , whereof standeth a smal green Head , which when the Flower is fallen groweth to be rough and round , being made of many long greenish purple seeds ( like grains ) which wil stick upon your Cloaths : the Root consists of many brownish strings or fibres , smelling somwhat like unto Cloves , especially those which grow in the higher , hotter , and drier grounds , and in the freer and clear air .

Place . ] They grow wild in many places under Hedg-sides , and by the Path-wayes in fields , yet they rather delight to grow in shadowy than in Sunny places .

Time . ] They Flower in May and June for the most part , and their seed is ripe in July at the furthest .

Government and Vertues . ] It is Governed by Jupiter , and that gives hopes of a wholsom healthful Herb . It is good for the Diseases of the Chest or Breast , Breasts , Stitches , Wind , Belly , stomach , inward wounds , heart cold , brain , obstructions , Chollick , Fluxes , Ruptures , spots and marks in the Face , Plague , Poyson , Indigestion . for pains and Stitches in the sides , and to expel crude and raw humors from the Belly an Stomach by the sweet savor and warming quality : it dissolveth the inward congealed bloud hapning by fals or bruises , and the spiting of Blood , if the Roots either green or dryed , be boyled in Wine and drunk , as also al maner of inward wounds or outward if they be washed or bathed therewith . The Decoction also being drunk comforteth the Heart , and strengtheneth the Stomach , and a cold Brain , and therefore is good in the Spring time to open Obstructions of the Liver , and helpeth the wind Chollick : it also helpeth those that have Fluxes , or are bursten , or have a Rupture : it taketh away spots or marks in the Face , being washed therwith , The juyce of the fresh Root or Pouder of the dried Root hath the same effect with the Decoction . The Root in the Spring time steeped in Wine doth give it a delicate savor and tast , and being drunk fasting every morning comforteth the Heart , and is a good Preservative against the Plague , or any other Poyson : it helpeth Digestion , and warmeth a cold Stomach , and openeth the Orations of the Liver and Spleen .

It is very safe , you need have no Dose prescribed ; and is very fit to be kept in every bodies house .

Balm .

THis Herb is so wel known to be an inhabitant almost in every Garden that I shal not need to write any Description thereof , although the Vertues thereof which are many , may not be omitted .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Jupiter , and under Cancer , and strengthens Nature much in al its actions : let a Syrup made with the juyce of it and Sugar , ( as you shal be taught at the latter end of the Book ) be kept in every Gentlewomans house , to releeve the weak stomachs and sick Bodies of their poor sickly neighbors , as also the Herb kept dry in the house that so with other convenient Simples you may make it into an Electuary with Hony according as the Disease is , and as you shal be taught at the latter end of the Book . Mind , Heart , Faintings , Swonings , Melacholy , Indigestion , Obstruction of the Brain , Heart , Arteries , Venemous-Beasts , Mad Dogs Terms , provokes , Toothach , bloody flux Mushroms dificulty of breathing , Gout , Liver Spleen Woman in Child-bed , Fainting in travel , Boyls . The Arabian Physitians have extolled the Vertues hereof to the Skies , although the Greeks thought it not worth mentioning . Serapio saith , It causeth the Mind and Heart to become merry , and reviveth the Heart fainting into swoonings , especially of such who are overtaken in their sleep , and driveth away al troublesome cares and thoughts out of the Mind arising from Melancholly , or black Choller : which Avicen also confirmeth . It is very good to help Digestion , and open Obstructions of the Brain : and hath so much purging quality in it ( saith Avicen ) as to expel those Melancholly vapors from the Spirits and Blood which are in the Heart and Arteries , although it cannot do so in other parts of the Body . Dioscorides saith , That the Leaves steeped in Wine , and the Wine drunk , and the Leaves externally applyed , is a remedy against the sting of Scorpions , and the bitings of Mad Dogs , and commendeth the Decoction thereof for Women to bath or sit in to procure their Courses : it is good to wash aching teeth therwith , and profitable for those that have the bloody-Flux . The Leaves also with a little Nitre taken in Drink , are good against a furset of Mushroms , helps the griping pains of the Belly , and being made into an Electuary , it is good for them that cannot fetch their breath : used with Salt , it takes away Wens , Kernels , or hard Swellings in the Flesh or Throat : it clenseth foul Sores , and caseth pains of the Gout : It is as good for the Liver and Spleen . A Tansie or Cawdle made with Egs , and the juyce thereof while it is yong , putting to it some Sugar and Rosewater is good for Women in Child-bed , when the After-birth is not throughly avoided , and for their Faintings upon , or after their sore Travel . The Herb bruised and boyled in a little Wine and Oyl , and laid warm on a Boyl , wil ripen and break it .

Barberry .

THe Shrub is so wel known to every Boy and Girl that hath but attained to the age of seven years , that it needs no Description .

Government and Vertues . ] Mars owns the Shrub , and presents it to the use of my Country-men to purge their Bodies of Choller . The inner Rind of the Barberry-tree boyled in white-Wine , Choller , Scabs , Itch , Tetters , Ringworm yell-jaund boils , argues Burning , Scaldings , Apetit lost Hair . and a quarter of a pint drunk each morning , is an excellent Remedy to clense the Body of Chollerick Humors , and free it from such Diseases as Choller causeth , such be Scabs , Itch , Tetters , Ringworms , yellow Jaundice , Boiles , &c. It is excellent for hot Agues , Burnings , Scaldings , heat of Blood , heat of the Liver , Bloody-flux , for the Berries are as good as the Bark , and more pleasing , they get a man a good Stomach to his Victuals , by strengthening the attractive faculty , which is under Mars , as you may see more at large in the latter end of my Ephemeris for the year 1651. The Hair washed with the Ly made of the Ashes of the tree and water , 't wil make it turn yellow , viz. of Mars his own colour . The Fruit and Rind of the Shrub , the Flowers of Broom and of Heath , or Furz , clense the Body of Choller by Sympathy , as the Flowers , Leaves , and Bark of the Peach-tree do by Antipathy : because there are under Mars , that under Venus .

Barly .

THe continual usefulness hereof , hath made al in general so acquainted herewith , that it is altogether needless to describe its several kinds herof plentifully growing , being yearly sown in this Land . The Vertues wherof take as followeth .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a notable Plant of Saturn , if you view diligently its effects by Simpathy and Antipathy , you may easily perceive a Reason of them , as also why Barly-Bread is so unwholsom for Melancholly People . BARLY in al the Parts and Compositions thereof ( except Malt ) is more cooling than Wheat , and a little clensing : and al the Preparations therof , as Barly-water and other things made therof , Feavers , Agues , Stomach , Apostums , Inflamations , spleen , Ears , Throat , Neck , Kings-Evil , Leprosie , Flux , Gout , Itch Eyes . do give great nourishment to persons troubled with Feavers , Agues , and heats in the Stomach . A Pultice made of Barly-meal or Flower , boyled with Vinegar and Hony , and a few dry Figs put into them , dissolveth al hard Imposthums , and aswageth Inflamations being thereto applied : And being boyled with Melilot and Chamomel-flowers , and some Linseed , Fenugreek , and Rue in pouder , Ears , Throat , Neck , Kings-Evil , Leprosie , Flux , Gout , ltch Eyes . and applied warm , it caseth the pains in the side and Stomach , and windiness of the Spleen . The Meal of Barly and Fleawort boyled in Water , and made into a Pultis with Honey and Oyl of Lillies , applied warm , cureth swellings under the Ears , Throat , Neck , and such like : and a Plaister made thereof with Tar , Wax , and Oyl , helpeth the Kings-Evil in the Throat : boyled with sharp Vineger into a Pultis and laid on hot , helpeth the Leprosie : Being boyled in red Wine with Pomegranate Rinds and Mirtles , stayeth the Lask or other flux of the Belly : Boyled with Vineger and a Quince , it easeth the pains of the Gout . Barly flower , white Salt , Honey and Vineger mingled together , taketh away the Itch speedily and certainly : The Water distilled from the green Barly in the end of May is very good for those that have Defluxions of humors fallen into their Eyes , and easeth the pains being dropped into them : or white Bread steeped therein and bound on to the Eyes , doth the same .

Garden Bazil , Or , Sweet Bazil .

Description . ] THe greater ordinary Bazil riseth up usually with one upright Stalk diversly branching forth on all sides , with two Leaves at every Joynt , which are somwhat broad and round , yet pointed , of a pale green color , but fresh , a little snipt about the edges , and of a strong heady scent : The flowers are smal and white standing at the tops of the Branches , with two smal Leaves at the Joynt , in some places green , in others brown , after which come black Seed . The Root perisheth at the approach of Winter , and therefore must be new sowen every yeer .

Place . ] It only groweth in Gardens .

Time . ] It must be sowed late , and flowers in the heat of Summer , being a very tender Plant .

Government and Vertues . ] This is the Herb which al Authors are together by the Ears about , and rail at one another like Lawyers : Galen and Dioscorides hold it not fitting to be taken inwardly : and Chrysippus rails at it with down-right Billings gate-Rhetorick . Pliny , and the Arabian Physitians defend it .

For mine own part I presently found that Speech true ; Non nostrum inter nos tantas componere lites .

And away to Dr. Reason went I , who told me it was an Herb of Mars , and under the Scorpion , and perhaps therefore called Basilicon , and then no marvel if it carry a kind of virulent quality with it : Being applied to the place bitten by a venemous Beast , Venemous Beasts , Bees , Wasps . Hornets . or stung by a Wasp or Hornet , it speedily draws the Poyson to it ; Every like draws his like . Mizaldus affirms , That it being laid to rot in in Hors-dung it wil breed venemous Beasts . And Hollerius a French Physitian affirms upon his own knowledg , That an acquaintance of his by common smelling to it , had a Scorpion bred in his Brain . Somthing is the matter this Herb and Rue wil not grow together , no , nor neer one another : And we know Rue is as great an enemy to Poyson as any grows .

To conclude : It expelleth both Birth and After-birth ; and as it helps the deficiency of Venus in one kind , so it spoils all her actions in another . I dare write no more of it .

The Bay-Tree .

THis is so wel known that it needs no Discription ; I shal therefore only write the Vertues thereof , which are many ,

Government and Vertues ] I shal but only ad a word or two to what my friend hath written , viz. That it is a Tree of the Sun , and under the Coelestial Sign Leo , Witchcraft and resisteth Witchcraft very potently , as also al the evil old Saturn can do to the Body of Man , and they are not a few , for it is the Speech of one , and I am mistaken if it were not Mizaldus , That neither Witch nor Devil , Thunder not Lightning wil hurt a Man in the place where a Bay-Tree is . Galen saith , That the Leaves or Bark do dry and heal very much , and the Berries more than the Leaves : The Bark of the Root is less sharp and hot , but more bitter , and hath some astriction withal , whereby it is effectual to break the stone , Stone , Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , Dropsie , Poyson , Jaundice , Bees , Wasps , Hornets , Terms provokes , Cause Delivery , Afterbirth Eyes , Lungs , Coughs , Shortness of Breath , Megrim , Wind , vertigo , Disury , Mother Worms , Joynts , Nerves , Arteries , Stomach , Belly , Womb , Ears , Marks in the skin , Itch , Scabs . and good to open obstructions of the Liver , Spleen , and other inward parts , which bring the Dropsie , Jaundice , &c. The Berries are very effectual against al Poyson of venemous Creatures , and the stings of Wasps and Bees , as also against the Pestilence , or other infectious Diseases , and therefore is put into sundry Treacles for that purpose : They likewise procure Womens Courses ; and seven of them given to a Woman in sore travel of Child-birth , do cause a speedy delivery , and expel the After-birth ; and therefore not to be taken by such as have not gone out their time lest they procure Abortment , or cause Labor too soon : They wonderfully help al cold and rhumatick Distillations from the Brain to the Eyes , Lungs , or other parts : And being made into an Electuary with Honey , do help the Consumption , old Coughs , shortness of Breath , and thin Rhewms ; as also the Megrim : they mightily expel wind and provoke Urin ; help the Mother , and kil the Worms : The Leaves also work the like effects . A Bath of the Decoction of the Leaves and Berries , is singular good for Women to sit in that are troubled with the Mother , or the Diseases therof , or the stoppings of their Courses , or for the diseases of the Bladder , pains in the Bowels by wind , & stopping of urin : A decoction likewise of equal parts of Bay-berries , Cummin-seed , Hysop , Origanum , and Euphorbium , with some Honey , and the Head bathed therewith doth wonderfully help Distillations and Rhewms , and setleth the Pallat of the Mouth into its place . The Oyl made of the Berries is very comfortable in al cold Griefs of the Joynts , Nerves , Arteries , Stomach , Belly , or Womb , and helpeth Palsies , Convulsions , Cramps , Aches , trembling and numness in any part , weariness also , and pains that come by sore travelling : Al griefs and pains likewise proceeding from Wind , either in the Head , Stomach , Back , Belly , or Womb , by anointing the parts affected therewith : And pains in the Ears are also cured by dropping in some of the Oyl , or by receiving into the Ears the warm fume of the Decoction of the Berries through a Funnel . The Oyl takes away marks of the Skin and Flesh by bruises , fals , &c. and dissolveth the congealed Blood in them : It helpeth also the Itch , Scabs , and Wheals in the Skin .

Beans .

BOth the Garden and Field Beans are so wel known that it saveth me labor of writing any Description of them : Their Vertues followeth .

Government and Vertues . ] They are Plants of Venus ; and the distilled Water of the flowers of Garden Beans is good to clense the Face and Skin from spots and wrinkles , Spots , Stone , Disury , Inflamation , Womens Breasts , Felons , or Andicoms , Boils , Bruses , Ears , Eyes , and the Meal or Flower of them , or the smal , doth the same . The Water distilled from the green Husks is held to be very effectual against the stone , and to provoke Urine . Bean flower is used in Pult●ises to asswage Inflamations rising upon Wounds , and the swelling of Womens Breasts caused by the curding of their Milk , and represseth their Milk : The flower of Beans and Fenugreek mixed with Honey , and applied to Felons , Boyls , Bruises , or blue marks by blows , or the Imposthumes in the Kernels of the Ears , helpeth them al : And with Rose Leaves , Frankinsence , and the white of an Egg being applied to the Eyes , helpeth them that are swoln , or do water , or have received any blow upon them if used with Wine . If a Bean be parted in two , the skin being taken away , and laid on the place where a Leech hath been set that bleedeth too much , Leeches . it stayeth the bleeding . Bean flower boyled to a Pultis with Wine and Vineger and some Oyl put thereto , ceaseth both pain and swelling of the Cods : cods swelled , flux , Pain , Sinews , Sciatica , Gout . The Husks boyled in Water to a consumption of a third part thereof , stayeth a Lask : and the Ashes of the Husks made up with old Hogs grease , helpeth the old pains , Contussons and Wounds of the Sinews , the Sciatica , and Gout . The Field Beans have al the afore mentioned Vertues as the Garden Beans .

Beans eaten are extream windy meat ; but if after the Dutch fashion , when they are half boyled you hask them , and then stew them ( I cannot tel you how , for I never was Cook in al my life ) they are wholsomer Food .

French Beans .

Description . ] THis French or Kidney Bean ariseth up at first but with one Stalk , which afterwards divideth its self into many Arms or Branches , but also weak , that if they be not sustained with sticks or poles , they will lie fruitless upon the ground : at several places of these Branches grow forth long footstalks , with every one of them three broad round and pointed green Leaves at the end of them , towards the top , whereof come forth divers Flowers made like unto Pease Blossoms , of the same color for the most part that the fruit will be of , that is to say , white , yellow , red , blackish , or of a deep purple , but white is most usual ; after which come long and slender flat Pods , some crooked , some straight , with a string as it were running down the Back thereof , wherein are contained flattish round fruit made to the fashion of a Kidney ; the Root is long , and spreadeth , with many strings annexed to it , and perisheth every yeer .

There is also another sort of French Beans commonly growing with us in this Land , which is called the Scarlot flowred Bean .

This ariseth up with sundry Branches as the other , but runs up higher to the length of Hop-poles , about which they grow twining , but turning contrary to the Sun , having Footstalks with three Leaves on each as on the other : The Flowers also are in fashion like the other , but many more set together , and of a most Orient Scarlet color . The Beans are larger than the ordinary kind , of a deep purple color , turning black when it is ripe and dry : The Root perisheth also in Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] These also belong to Dame Venus , and being dried and beat to Pouder are as great strengthners of the Kidneys as any are ; neither is there a better Remedy than it , a drachm at a time taken in white Wine to prevent the stone , or to clense the Kidneys of gravel or stoppage . Disury , Shortness of Breath , Incite to Venery . The ordinary French Beans are of an easie digestion , they move the Belly , provoke Urine , enlarge the Breast that is straightned with shortness of Breath , engender Sperm , and incite Venery .

And the Scarlet color'd Beans in regard of the glorious beauty of their color , being set neer a a Quick-set Hedg , wil bravely adorn the same by climing up thereon , A gallant shew . so that they may be discerned a great way , not without admiration of the beholder at a distance . But they wil go neer to kil the Quick-sets by cloathing them in Scarlet .

Ladies-Bedstraw .

BEside the common Name above written it is called Cheese-Rennet , because it performs the same office ; as also Gallion , Pettimugget , and Maids-Hair , and by some wild Rosemary .

Description . ] This ariseth up with divers smal , brown , and square upright stalks , a yard high , or more , sometimes branched forth into divers parts , ful of Joynts , and with divers very fine smal Leaves at every one of them , little or nothing rough at all : At the tops of the Branches grow many long tufts or branches of yellow Flowers very thick set together , from the several Joynts which consists of four smal Leaves a piece , which smel somwhat strong , but not unpleasant : The seed is smal and black like Poppy seed , two for the most part joyned together : The Root is reddish with many smal thrids fastned unto it , which take strong hold of the ground , and creepeth a little : And the Branches leaning a little down to the ground , take root at the Joynts thereof , whereby it is easily encreased .

There is also another sort of Ladies Bedstraw growing frequently in England , which beareth white Flowers as the other doth yellow ; but the Branches of this are so weak that unless it be sustained by the Hedges , or other things near which it groweth , it wil lie down on the ground ; the Leaves a little bigger than the former , and the Flowers not so plentiful as those ; and the Root hereof is also thriddy , and abiding .

Place . ] They grow in Meadows and Pastures both wet and dry , and by the Hedges .

Time . ] They flower in May for the most part , and the seed is ripe in July and August .

Government and Vertues . ] They are both Herbs of Venus , and therefore strengthen the parts both internal and external which she rules . The Decoction of the former of these being drunk is good to fret and break the Stone , Stone , Disury , Bleeding , Wounds , provokes Urine , stayeth inward bleedings , and healeth inward Wounds : The Herb or Flower bruised and put up into the Nostrils , stayeth their bleeding likewise : The Flowers and the Herb being made into an Oyl by being set in the Sun , and changed after it hath stood ten or twelve daies ; or into an Oyntment being boyled in Axungia or Sallet-Oyl , with some Wax melted therein after it is strained ; either the Oyl made thereof , Burnings , gauled feet , Weariness , stifness of Joynts , scabs , itch . or the Oyntment do help Burnings with fire , or Sc●lding with water : The same also , or the Decoction of the Herb and Flower is good to bath the Feet of Travellers and Lacquies whose long running causeth weariness and stifness in their Sinews and Joynts : If the Decoction be used warm , and the Joynts afterwards anointed with the Oyntment , it helpeth the dry Scab , and the Itch in Children : And the Herb with the white Flower is also very good for the Sinews , Arteries , and Joynts to comfort and strengthen them after travel , cold , and pains .

Beets .

Description . ] THere are two sorts of Beets which are best known generally , and whereof I shall principally treat at this time , viz. The white and red Beets , and their Vertues .

The common white Beet hath many great Leaves next the ground somewhat large , and of a whitish green color : The stalk is great , strong , and ribbed , bearing great store of Leaves upon it , almost to the very top of it : The flowers grow in very long tufts , smal at the ends , and turning down their heads , which are smal , pale , greenish , yellow Burs , giving cornered prickled Seed . The Root is great , long , and hard , and when it hath given seed of no use at all .

The common red Beet differeth not from the white , but only it is lesser , and the Leaves and the Roots are somwhat red : The Leaves are differently red , in some only with red strakes or veins , some of a fresh red , and others of a dark red . The Root hereof is red , spungy , and not used to be eaten .

Government and Vertues . ] The Government of these two sorts of Beets are far different ; the red Beet being under Saturn , & the white under Jupiter , therfore take the Vertues of them apart , each by himself . Clens , digest , Disury , Obstructions of the Liver and spleen , Vertigo , Venemous Beasts , Burning , St. Anthonies fire , Wheals , Blisters , Chilblains , Kibes , Itch , Dandriff , Scabs , Ulcers , Cankers , Baldness . The white Beet doth much loosen the Belly , and is of a clensing digesting quality , and provoketh Urine : The Juyce of it openeth obstructions both of the Liver and Spleen , and is good for the Headaches and swimmings therein , and turnings of the Brain ; and is effectual also against al venemous creatures : & applied upon the Temples , stayeth Inflamations in the Eyes ; it helpeth burnings being used without Oyl , & with a little Allum put to it , is good for St. Anthonies fire . It is also good for al Wheals , Pushes , Blisters and Blains in the Skin : The Herb boyled and laid upon Chilblains or Kibes , helpeth them : The Decoction thereof in Water and some Vineger healeth the Itch , if bathed therewith , and clenseth the Head of Dandriff , Scurf , and dry Scabs , and doth much good for fretting and running Sores , Ulcers , and Cankers in the Head , Legs , or other parts , and is much commended against Baldness and shedding of Hair .

The red Beet is good to stay the Bloody flux , Womens Courses , Flux , terms stops , Whites , stinking breath , Noise in the Ears , Smell lost . and the Whites , and to help the yellow Jaundice . The Juyce or the Root put into the Nostrils , purgeth the Head , helpeth the noise in the Ears , and the Tooth-ach ; the Juyce snuffed up the Nose helps a stinking breath it the cause lies in the Nose , as many times it doth , if any bruise have been there , as also want of smel coming that way .

Water-Betony .

CAlled also Brown-Wort , and in York shire , Bishops Leaves .

Description . ] First of the Water-Betony , which riseth up with square , hard , greenish stalks , sometimes brown , set with broad , dark green Leaves , denied about the edges with notches , somwhat resembling the Leaves of the Wood-Betony , but much larger , two for the most part set at a Joynt . The Flowers are many , set at the tops of the stalks and branches , being round bellied , and open at the Brims and divided into two parts , the uppermost being like a hood , and the lowest like a lip hanging down , of a dark red color , which passing away , there comes in their places smal round Heads with smal points , in the ends , wherein lie smal and brownish Seeds : The Root is a thick Bush of strings and threds growing from an Head .

Place . ] It groweth by Ditch sides , Brooks , and other Water-courses generally through this Land , and is seldom found far from the Waters sides .

Time . ] It flowreth about July , and the seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] Water-Betony is an Herb of Jupiter in Canter , and is apropriated more to Wounds and Hurts in the Breast than Wood-Betony which follows . It is an excellent Remedy for sick Hogs . It is of a clensing quality ; the Leaves bruised and applied are effectual for all old and filthy Ulcers ; Ulcers , and especially if the Juyce of the Leaves be boyled with a little Honey , and tents dipped therein , and the sores dressed therewith : as also for Bruises Bruises , or Hurts whether inward or outward . The distilled Water of the Leaves is used for the same purposes ; as also to bath the Face or Hands spotted or blemished , or discolored by Sunburning . Sunburning .

I confess I do not much fancy distilled Waters , I mean such Waters as are distilled cold , some vertue of the Herb they may happily have ( it were a strange thing else ) but this I am confident of , that being distilled in a Peuter Stil , as the vulgar and apish fashion is , both Chymical Oyl and Salt is left behind , unless you burn them , and then al is spoiled , Water and al , which was good for as little as can be by such a Distillation . You have the best way of Distillation in my Translation of the London Dispensatory . The Colledg of Physitians having as much skil in Distillations as an Ass hath in reading Hebrew .

Wood-Betony .

Description . ] THe Common or Wood-Betony hath many Leaves rising from the Root , which are somwhat broad and round at the ends , roundly dented about the edges , standing upon long Footstalks , from among which rise up smal , square , slender , but yet upright hairy stalks , with some Leaves thereon , two apiece at the Joynts , smaller than the lower , whereon are set several spiked Heads of flowers like Lavender , but thicker and shorter for the most part , and of a reddish or purple color , spotted with white spots both in the upper and lower part : The Seeds being contained within the Husks that hold the flowers are blackish , somwhat long and uneven . The Roots are many white thriddy strings ; the stalk perisheth , but the Root with some Leaves thereon , abides al the Winter . The whol Plant is somwhat smal .

Place . ] It groweth frequently in Woods , and delighteth in shady places .

Time . ] And it flowreth in July , after which the Seed is quickly ripe , yet in its prime in May .

Government and Vertues . ] The Herb is apropriated to the Planet Jupiter , Epidomical diseases , witch-craft , Appetite , Indigestion , stomach , belching Jaundice , falling sickness , palsy , convulsion , shrinking of the sinews , gout , dropsie , Frensy , cough , cold , shortness of breath , Agues of al sorts sore Eyes , worms , Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , stitches , Pains in the back and belly , terms provokes , mother , Childbirth , stone , toothach , Venemous Beasts , mad-dogs , weariness bleeding at mouth & nose , pissing & spitting of blood , Ruptures , bruises , wounds , Veins and sinews cut , ulcers , fistulaes , Boyls , Ears . and the Sign Aries . Antonius Musa Physitian to the Emperor Augustus Caesar , wrote a peculiar Book of the Vertues of this Herb ; and amongst other Vertues , saith of it , That it preserveth the Lives and Bodies of men free from the danger of Epidemical Diseases , and from Witchcrafts also : It is found by dayly experience to be good for many diseases ; It helpeth those that loath , or cannot digest their Meat , those that have weak stomachs , or sowr belchings , or continual rising in their stomach , using it familiarly either green or dry ; either the Herb , the Root , or the Flowers in Broth drunk , or Meat , or made into Conserve , Syrup , Water , Electuary , or Pouder , as every one may best frame themselves unto , or as the time or season requireth , taken any of the aforesaid waies , it helpeth the Jaundice , Falling sickness , the Palsie , Convulsions , or shrinking of the Sinews , the Gout , and those that are inclined to Dropsies , those that have continual Pains in their Head , although it turn to Phrensie . The Pouder mixed with pure Honey is no less available for al sorts of Coughs or Colds , Wheesing , or shortness of Breath , Distillations of thin Rhewm , upon the Lungs , which causeth consumptions . The Decoction made with Mead and a little Penyroyal , is good for those that are troubled with putrid Agues , whether Quotidian , Tertian , or Quartan , and to draw down and evacuate the blood and humors that by falling into the Eyes do hinder the sight : The Decoction thereof made in Wine and taken , killeth the Worms in the Belly , openeth obstructions both of the Splleen and Liver , cureth stitches and Pains in the back , or sides , the torments and griping pains of the bowels , and the wind Chollick : and mixed with Honey purgeth the belly , helpeth to bring down Womens Courses , and is of especial use for those that are troubled with the falling down of the Mother , and pains thereof , and causeth an easie and speedy delivery of Women in Childbirth : it helpeth also to break and expel the stone either in the Bladder or Kidneys . The Decoction with Wine , gargled in the Mouth , easeth the Tooth-ach . It is commended against the stinging or biting of Venemous Serpents or Mad Dogs , being used inwardly , and applied outwardly to the place . A dram of the Pouder in Betony taken with a little Honey in some Vineger , doth wonderfully refresh those that are overwearied by travel ; it stayeth bleedings at the Mouth or Nose , and helpeth those that piss or spit blood , and those that are bursten or have a Rupture , and is good for such as are bruised by any fall , or otherwise . The green Herb bruised , or the Juyce applied to any inward hurt , or outward green Wound in the Head or Body wil quickly heal and close it up ; as also any Veins or Sinews that are cut ; and wil draw forth any broken Bone , or Splinter , Thorn , or other thing gotten into the flesh : It is no less profitable for old Sores , or filthy Ulcers , yea , though they be fistulous and hollow , but some do advise to put a little Salt to this purpose : Being applied with a little Hogs Lard , it helpeth a Plague-sore , and other Boyl●… and Pushes : The fumes of the Decoction while it is warm received by a funnel into the Ears , easeth the pains of them , destroyeth the worms , and cureth the running sores in them : The Juyce dropped into them doth the same . The Root of Betony is displeasing both to the tast and stomach , whereas the Leaves and Flowers by their sweet and spicy tast , are comfortable both in Meat and Medicine .

These are some of the many Vertues Antony Musae an expert Physitia●… ( for it was not the practice of Octavius Caesar to keep Fools about him ) apropriates to Betony ; It is a very precious Herb that 's certain , and mos●… fitting to be kept in a mans house both in Syrup , Conserve , Oyl , Oyntment , and P●aister . The Flowers are usually Conserved .

The Beech-Tree .

IN treating of this Tree , you must understand that I mean the grea●… Mast Beech ; which is by way of distinction from that other smal roug●… sort , called in Sussex , the smal Beech ; but in Essex , Hornbeam .

I suppose it needless to describe it , being already so wel known to m●… Country-men .

Place . ] It groweth in Woods amongst Oaks , and other Trees , and i●… Parks , Forrests , and Chases , to feed Deer ; and in other places to fatte●… Swine .

Time . ] It bloometh in the end of April , or beginning of May for th●… most part , and the fruit is ripe in September .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Plant of Saturn , and therfore performs his qualities and properties in these operations : Th●… Leaves of the Beech-Tree are cooling and binding , Cools , Binds , Hot swellings , Scurff , Scabs , Tetters . and therfor●… good to be applied to hot swellings to discuss them : The Nu●… do much nourish such beasts as feed thereon : The Water th●… is found in the hollow places of decaying Beeches , wil cure bo●… Man and Beast of any Scurf , Scab , or running Tetters , if the be washed therewith . You may boyl the Leaves into a Pultis or make an Oyntment of them when time of yeer serves .

Bilberries ; called also by some , Whorts , and Whortleberries .

Descriptions . ] OF these I shal only speak of two sorts , which are commonly known in England , Viz . The Black , and the Red Bilberries . And first of the Black .

This smal Bush creepeth along upon the ground , scarce rising half a yar●… high , with divers smal dark green Leaves set on the green Branches , not a●…waies one against another , and a little dented about the edges : At the foo●… of the Leaves come forth smal , hollow , pale , blush colored flowers , th●… brims ending in five points , with a reddish threed in the middle , whic●… pass into smal round Berries of the bigness and color of Juniper Berries , bu●… of a purple sweetish sharp tast ; the Juyce of them giveth a purplish col●… to their Hands and Lips that eat and handle them , especially if they break them . The Root groweth a sloop under ground , shooting forth in sundry places as it creepeth . This loseth its Leaves in Winter .

The Red Bilberry , or Whortle-bush , riseth up like the former , having sundry harder Leaves , like the Box-tree Leaves , green and round pointed standing on the several branches , at the tops whereof only , and not from the sides as in the former , come forth divers round Flowers of a pale red colour , after which succeed round , reddish , sappy Berries when they are ripe , of a sharp tast . The Root runneth in the ground as the former , but the Leaves of this abide al the Winter .

Place . ] The first groweth in Forrests , on the Heaths , and such like barren places : The Red grows in the North parts of this Land , as Lancashire , Yorkshire , &c.

Time . ] They Flower in March and April , and the Fruit of the Black is ripe in June and July .

Government and Vertues . ] They are under the Dominion of Jupiter , it is pitty they are used no more in Physick then they are . The Black Bilberries are good in hot Agues , and to cool the heat of the Liver and stomach : Agues , Stomach , Liver , Vomiting , Apetit lost , Cough , Phtisick , Fulxes . they do somwhat bind the Belly , and stay Vomitings and Loathings : the Juyce of the Berries made into a Syrup , or the Pulp made into a Conserve with Sugar , is good for the purposes aforesaid , as also for an old Cough or an Ulcer in the Lungs or other Diseases therin . The Red Whorts are more binding and stop Womens Courses , spitting of Blood , or any other Flux of Blood or Humors , being used aswel outwardly , as inwardly .

Bifoyl , or Twayblade .

Description . ] THis smal Herb from a Root somwhat sweet , shooting downwards many long strings , riseth up a round green stalk bare or naked next the ground for an inch , two or three to the middle therof , as it is in age or growth , as also from the middle upward to the flowers , having only two broad Plantan-like Leaves ( but whiter ) set at the middle of the stalk one against another , and compasseth it round at the bottom of them .

Place . ] It is an usual Inhabitant in Woods , Copses , and in many other places in this Land .

There is another sort grows in wet Grounds and Marshes , which is somwhat differing from the former : It is a smaler Plant , and greener , having somtimes three Leaves ; the Spike of flowers is less then the former , and the Roots of this do run or creep in the ground .

They are much and often used by many to good purpose for Wounds both green and old , Wounds , Ruptures . and to consolidate or knit Rupturs , and wel it may , being a plant of Saturn .

The Birch-tree .

Description . ] THis groweth a goodly tal straight tree , fraught with many Boughs and slender Branches bending downward ; the old ones being covered with a discolored chapped Bark , and the yonger being browner by much : The Leaves at the first breaking out are crumpled , and afterward like the Beech Leaves , but smaler and greener , and dented about the edges : It beareth smal short Catkins , somwhat like those of the Hazel-nuttree , which abide on the branches a long time , until growing ripe they fal on the ground , and their Seed with them .

Place . ] It usually groweth in Woods .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Tree of Venus . The juyce of the leavs while they are yong , or the distilled Water of them , or the Water that coms out of the Tree , being bored with an Augur and distilled afterwards : Ston , sore Mouths . any of these being drunk for some time together , is available to break the Stone in the Kidneys or bladder , and is good also to wash sore Mouths .

Birds-Foot .

THis smal Herb groweth not above a span high , with many Branches spread on the ground , set with many wings of smal Leaves : The Flowers grow upon the Branches , many smal ones of a pale yelow color , being set at a head together , which afterwards turn into so smal joynted Cods wel resembling the Claws of smal Birds , whence it took its name .

There is another sort of Birds-foot in al things like the former , but a little larger : the Flowers of a pale whitish red colour , and the Cods distinct by joynts like the other , but a little more crooked , and the Roots do carry many smal white knots or kernels amongst the strings .

Place . ] These grow on Heaths , and many open untilled places of this land .

Time . ] They flower and seed in the end of Summer .

Government and Vertues . ] They belong to Saturn , and are of a drying binding quality , and thereby very good to be used in Wound-drinks , Dry , Bind , Wounds , Stane , Ruptures . as also to apply outwardly for the same purpose . But the latter Birds-foot is found by experience to break the Stones in the Back or Kidnies , and drive them forth , if the Decoction thereof be taken ; and it wonderfully helpeth the Rupture , being taken inwardly , and outwardly applied to the place .

Al Salts have best operation upon the Stone , as Oyntments and Plaisters have upon Wounds : and therefore you may make a Salt of this for the stone , the way how to do so may be found in my Translation of the Londo● Dispensatory , and it may be I may give you again in plainer terms at the latter end of this Book .

Bishops-weed .

BEsides the Common Name Bishops-weed , it s usually known by the greek Name Ammi and Amios , some cal it Aethiopian Commin-seed , and others Commin-royal , as also Herb-william , and Bulwore .

Description . ] Common Bishops-weed riseth up with a round straight stalk , somtimes as high as a man , but usually three or four foot high , beset with divers smal , long , and somwhat broad Leaves , cut in some places , and dented about the edges , growing one against another , of a dark green color , having sundry branches on them , and at the top smal umbels of white flowers , which turn into smal round brown seed , little bigger then Parsly-seed , of a quick hot scent and tast : The Root is white and stringie , perishing yeerly after it hath seeded , and usually riseth again of its own sowing .

Place . ] It groweth wild in many places in England and Wales , as between Greenheath and Gravesend .

Government and Vertues . ] It is hot and dry in the third degree , of a bitter tast and somthing sharp withal , it provokes Lust to purpose : Disury , Terms provokes , wind Chollick , venemous Beasts , Cantharides , black and blew Spots , High colour , Mother . I suppose Venus owns it . It digesteth Humors , provoketh Urin and Womens Courses , dissolveth Wind : and being taken in wine , easeth pains & griping in the Bowels , and is good against the biting of Serpents : It is used to good effect in those Medicins which are given to hinder the poysonful operations of Cantharides upon the passage of the Urin : Being mixed with Hony , and applied to black and blue marks , coming of blows or bruises , it takes them away : and being drunk or outwardly applyed , it abateth an high colour , and makes it pale : and the Fumes thereof taken with Rozen , or Raisons , clenseth the Mother .

Bistort , or Snakeweed .

IT is called Snakeweed , english Serpentary , Dragonwort , Oysterloit , and Passions .

Description . ] This hath a thick , short , knobbed Root , blackish without , and somwhat redish within , a little crooked or turned together , of an harsh astringent tast , with divers black threds hanging there , from whence spring up every yeer divers Leaves standing upon long footstalks , being somwhat broad and long like a Dock-Leaf , and a little pointed at the ends , but that it is of a blewish green colour on the upper side , and of an Ash colour gray , and a little purplish underneath , with divers Veins therin ; from among which rise up divers smal and slender stalks , two foot high , and almost naked , and without Leaves , or with very few , and narrow , bearing a spiky bush of pale flesh-colour'd Flowers , which being past , there abideth smal seed , somwhat like unto Sorrel-seed , but greater .

There are other sorts of Bistort , g● wing in this Land , but smaller , both in height , root , and stalks , and especially in the Leavs , The Root blackish without , & somwhat whitish within , of an austere binding tast as the former .

Place . ] They grow in shadowy moist Woods , and at the foot of Hils , but are chiefly nourished up in Gardens . The narrow Leaved Bistort groweth in the North , in Lancashire , Yorkshire , and Cumberland .

Time . ] They flower about the end of May , and the seed is ripe about the beginning of July .

Government and Vertues . ] It belongs to Saturn , and is in operation cold and dry . Both the Leavs and Roots hare a powerful faculty to resist al poyson : The Root in Pouder taken in drink , expelleth the Venom of the Plague , Poyson , Plague , Smal pox , Meazles , Purples , Epidemical Diseases , Inward Bleeding , Flux , Vomiting , Ruptures , Jaundice , Venemous Beasts , Ulcers , Abortion , Worms , Diabites , Running of the Reins , Wounds , Bleeding , Matrix , Terms , stops , tooth-ach , Head , Cankers , Gums inflamations Almonds of the Ears . the smal Pox , Meazles , Purples , or any other infectious Disease , driving it out by sweating : The Root in Pouder , or the Decoction thereof in Wine being drunk , stayeth al manner of inward bleedings or spittings of Blood , and any Fluxes in the body of either Man or Woman , or Vomitings . It is also very available against Ruptures , or Burstings , or al bruises of Fals , dissolving the congealed Blood , and easeth the pains that happen thereupon , it also helpeth the Jaundice . The Water distilled from both Leaves and Roots , is a singular Remedy to wash any place bitten or stung by any Venemous Creature ; as also for any of the purposes before spoken of . And is very good to wash any running Sores or Ulcers . The Decoction of the Root in Wine being drunk , hindereth Abortion or Miscarriage in Child-bearing . The Leaves also kil the Worms in Children , and is a great help for them that cannot keep their water , if the juyce of Plantane be added therto , and outwardly applied , much helpeth the Gonorrhea , or running of the Reins . A dram of the Pouder of the Root taken in the Water thereof , wherin som red hot Iron or Steel hath been quenched , is also an admirable help thereto , so as the Body be first prepared and purged from the offensive Humors . The Leaves , Seed , or Roots are al very good in Decoctions , Drinks , or Lotians , for inward or outward Wounds or other Sores . And the Pouder strewed upon any cut or wound in a Vein , stayeth the immoderate bleeding thereof : The Decoction of the Roots in Water whereupon some Pomgranate Plls and Flowers are added , injected into the Matrix , stayeth the access of Humors to the Ulcers thereof , and bringeth it to its right place , being fallen down , and stayeth the immoderate flux of the Courses . The Root hereof with Pellitory of Spain , and burnt Allum of each a little quantity , beaten smal & made into Past , with some Hony , and a little piece thereof put into an hollow tooth , or held between the Teeth , if there be no of hollowness in them , stayeth the defluction of Rhewm upon them which causeth pains , and helps to clense the Head , and avoid much offensive Water . The distilled Water is very effectual to wash Sores or Cankers in the Nose or any other part , if the Pouder of the Root he applied thereunto afterwards . It is good also to fasten the Gums , and to take away the Heat and Inflamations that happen in the Jaws , Almonds of the Throat or Mouth , if the Decoction of the Leavs , Roots , or Seeds be used , or the juyce of them ; but the Roots are most effectual to al the purposes aforesaid .

One-Blade .

Description . ] THis smal Plant never heareth more than one Leaf , but only when it riseth up with its stalk which thereon beareth another , and seldom more , which are of a blewish green colour , broad at the bottom , and pointed with many ribs or veins like Plantane : At the top of the stalk grow many smal white Flowers star-fashion , smelling somthing sweet : after which come smal reddish Berries when they are ripe . The Root is smal , of the bigness of a Rush , lying and creeping under the upper crust of the Earth , shooting forth in div●rs places .

Place . ] It grows in moist shadowy , grassie places of Woods in many places of this Realm .

Time . ] It flowereth about May , and the Berries be ripe in June , and then quickly perisheth until the next year it springeth from the same again .

Government and Vertues . ] 't is an Herb of the Sun , and therfore Cordial . Half a dram , or a dram at most of the Roots hereof in Pouder , taken in Wine and Vinegar of each a like quantity , and the party presently laid to sweat , is held to be a sovereign Remedy for those that are infected with the Plague , and have a sore upon them , by expelling the Poyson and defending the Heart and Spirits from danger : Pestilence , Wounds , Nerves , Sinews Hurt . It is also accompted a singular good Wound-Herb , and therfore used with other Herbs in making such Balms as are necessary for the Curing of Wounds , either green or old , and especially if the Nerves or Sinews be hurt .

The Bramble , or Black-berry-bush .

THis is so wel known that it needeth no Description . The Vertues therof are as followeth .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Plant of Venus in Aries : You shal have some Directions at the latter end of the Book for the gathering of al Herbs and Plants , &c. If any ask the Reason why Venus is so prickly ? Tel them 't is because she is in the house of Mars . The Buds , Leaves , and Branches while they are green , are of a good Use in the Ulcers and putrid sores of the Mouth and Throat , Ulcers , Sores , Quinsie , Wou●ds , Flux , Bloody flux sp●●ting Blood , Gravel , stone , Secrets , Terms s●ops , Poyson Venemous Beasts , fundament Piles , Feavers , Head , Eyes , Itch Scabby Heads , and for the Quinsie : and likewise to heal other fresh Wounds and Sores : but the Flowers and Fruit unripe are very binding , and so profitable for the Bloody-flux , Lasks , and are a fit Remedy for spitting of Bloud . Either the Decoction or Pouder of the Root being taken , is good to break or drive forth Gravel , and the Stone in the Reins and Kidnyes . The Leavs and Brambles aswel green as dry , are excellent good Lotions for sores in the Mouth or secret parts : The Decoction of them , and of the dried Branches , do much bind the Belly , and are good for the too much flowing of Womans Courses : The Berries or the Flowers are a powerful Remedy against the Poyson of the most venemous Serpents , as wel drunk as outwardly applied , helpeth the sores of the Fundament , & the Piles . The juyce of the Berries mixed with the juyce of Mulberries , do bind more effectually , and help fretting and eating sores and Ulcers wheresoever . The Distilled Water of the Branches , Leavs , and Flowers , or of the Fruit , is very pleasant in taste , and very effectual in Feavers and hot distempers of the Body , Head , Eys , and other parts , and for al the purposes aforesaid . The Leaves boyled in Ly , and the Head washed therwith , healeth the Itch , and the running sores thereof , and maketh the Hair black . The Pouder of the Leaves strewed on Cankers and running Ulcers , doth wonderfully help to heal them . Some use to Condensate the juyce of the Leaves , and some the juyce of the Berries , to keep for their use al the yeer , for the purposes aforesaid .

Blites .

Description . ] OF these there are two sorts commonly known , viz. white and Red : the White hath Leavs somwhat like unto Beets , but smaller , rounder , and of a whitish green colour , every one standing upon a smal long footstalk : the stalk riseth up two or three foot high , with such like Leavs theron : the Flowers grow at the top in long round tufts or clusters , wherin are contained smal and round seed : the Root is very ful of threds or strings .

The Red Blite is in at things like the White , but that his leavs and tufted heads are exceeding red at first , and after turn more purplish .

There are other kind of Blites , which grow wild , differing from the two former sorts but little , only the wild are smaler in every part .

Place . ] They grow in Gardens , and wild in many places of this Land .

Time . ] They seed in August and September .

Government and Vertues . ] They are al of them cooling , drying , and binding , serving to restrain the Fluxes of Bloud in either man or woman , especially the Red ; which also stayeth the overflowing , of womens Reds , Reds and Whites in Women . as the white Blite stayeth the Whites in Women : It is an excellent secret , you cannot wel fail in the use : they are al under the Dominion of Venus .

There is one other sort of wild Blites , like the other wild kinds , but having long and spike heads of greenish Seed , seeming by the thick setting together to be al Seed .

This sort the Fishes are delighted with , and it is a good and usual Bait ; for Fishes wil bite fast enough at them , if you have but wit enough to catch them when they bite .

Borrage , and Bugloss .

THese are so wel known to be inhabitants in every Garden ; that I hold it needless to describe them .

To these I may ad a third sort , which is not so common , nor yet so well known , and therefore I shall give you its Name and Description .

It is called Langue-de-beef ; but why they should call one Herb by the name Bugloss , and another by the name Langue-de-beef , is to me some question , seeing one signifies Ox-tongue in Greek , and the other signifies the same in French .

Description . ] The Leaves thereof are smaller than those of Bugloss , but much rougher , the stalk rising up about a foot and half high , and is most commonly of a red color , the Flowers stand in scaly rough heads , being composed of many smal yellow Flowers , not much unlike to those of Dandelyon , and the Seed flieth away in Down as that doth : you may easily know the Flowers by their tast , for they are very bitter .

Place . ] It groweth wild in many places of the Land , and may be plentifully found neer London , as between Redrif and Debtford , by the Ditchsides : its Vertues are held to be the same with Borrage and Bugloss , only this is something hotter .

Time . ] They flower in June and July , and the Seed is ripe shortly after .

Government and Vertues . ] They are all three Herbs of Jupiter , and under Leo , all great Cordials , great strengthners of Nature . They are very Cordial . The Leaves or Roots are to very good purpose used in Putrid and Pestilential Feavers , Feavers , Pestilence , Poyson , venemous Beasts , Milk in Nurses , Melancholy , ill blood Yellow Jaundice , Itch , ringworms , Tetters , Scabs , weakness by long sickness , Consumption , Swooning , Inflamations , ulcers , sore mouths & Throat , Cough , Flegm . to defend the Heart , and help to resist and expel the poyson , or the venom of other Creatures ; the Seed is of the like effect ; and the Seed and Leaves are good to encrease Milk in Womens Breasts : The Leaves , Flowers , and Seed , all , or any of them are good to expel Pensiveness and Melancholly : it helpeth to clarifie the Blood and mitigate heat in Feavers . The Juyce made into a Syrup prevaileth much to all the purposes aforesaid , and is put with other cooling , opening , clensing Herbs , to open obstructions , and help the yellow Jaundice , and mixed with Fumitory , to cool , clense , and temper the Blood , thereby it helpeth the Itch , Ringworms , and Tetters , or other spreading Scabs or Sores . The flowers Candied , or made into a Conserve are helping in the former causes , but are chiefly used as a Cordial , and is good for those that are weak with long sickness , and to comfort the Heart and Spirits of those that are in a consumption , or troubled with often swoonings , or passions of the Heart : The Distilled Water is no less effectual to al the purposes aforesaid , and helpeth the redness and inflamation of the Eyes being washed therewith : The dried Herb is never used , but the green ; yet the Ashes thereof boyled in Mead , or Honyed Water is available against Inflamations and Ulcers in the Mouth or Throat , to wash and gargle it therewith . The Roots of Bugloss are effectual being made into a licking Electuary , for the Cough , and to condensate thin flegm , and thewmatick distillations upon the Lungues .

Blue-bottle .

IT is called , Syanus , I suppose from the color of it ; Hurt-sickle ; because it turns the edge of the Sickles that reap the Corn ; Blew-blow , Corn-flower , and Blue-bottle .

Description . ] I shall only describe that which is commonest , and in my opinion most useful : Its Leaves spread upon the ground , being of a whitish green color , somewhat cut on the edges like those of Corn Scabious , amongst which riseth up a stalk divided into divers branches , beset with long Leaves of a greenish color , either but very little indented , or not at al : The flowers are of a blue color , from whence it took its Name , consisting of an innumerable company of smal flowers , set in a scaly head , not much unlike those of Knapweed : The Seed is smooth , bright , and shining , wrapped up in a woolly mantle : The Root perisheth every yeer .

Place . ] They grow in Corn fields , amongst al sorts of Corn , Pease , Beans , and Tares excepted ; if you please to take them up from thence , and transplant them in your Garden , especially toward the full Moon , they will grow more double than they are , and many times change color .

Time . ] They flower from the beginning of May to the end of Harvest .

Government and Vertues . ] As they are naturally cold , dry , and binding , so are they under the Dominion of Saturn . The Pouder or dried Leaves of the Blue-bottle , Bruises , Broken , Veins , Poyson , Plague , Epidemical Diseases , Wounds , Ulcers , Inflamations in the Eyes . or Corn-flower , is given with good success to those that are bruised by a fall , or have broken a Vein inwardly , and void much blood at the mouth , being taken in the Water of Plantane , Horstail , or the greater Comfry : it is a Remedy against the poyson of the Scorpion , and resisteth al Venoms and Poysons . The Seed or Leaves taken in Wine is very good against the Plague , and al infectious Diseases , and is very good in Pestilential Feavers . The Juyce put into fresh or green Wounds , doth quickly soder up the Lips of them together , and is very effectual to heal al Ulcers and Sores in the Mouth : The Juyce dropped into the Eyes , taketh away the heat and inflamation in them . The distilled Water of the Herb hath the same properties , and may be used for all the effects aforesaid .

Brank-Ursine .

BEside the common Name Brank-Ursine , it is also called Bears-breech , and Acanthus , though I think our English Names to be more proper , for the Greek word Acanthos signifies any Thistle whatsoever .

Description . ] This Thistle shooteth forth very many large , thick , sad , green smooth Leaves upon the ground with a very thick and juycy middle Rib : The Leaves are parted with sundry deep gashes on the edge ; the Leaves remain a long time before any stalk appears ; afterwards ariseth up a reasonable big stalk three or four foot high , and bravely deckt with flowers from the middle of the stalk upwards , for on the lower part of the stalk there is neither Branch nor Leaf ; the flowers are hooded and gaping , being white in color , and standing in brownish Husks with a smal long undivided Leaf , under each Leaf ; they seldom seed in our Country : its Roots are many , great and thick , blackish without , and whitish within , full of a clammish sap , a piece of them if you set it in the Garden , if you defend them from the first Winters cold , wil grow and flourish .

Place . ] They are only nursed up in Gardens in England , where they will grow very well .

Time . ] It flowreth in June and July .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an excellent Plant under the Dominion of the Moon : I could wish such as are studious would labor to keep it in their Gardens . The Leaves being boyled and used in Clysters are excellent good to mollifie the belly , and make the passages slippery : The Decoction drunk inwardly is excellent good for the Bloody flux . Bloody flux , Fractures , dislocations Kings Evil . Burnings , Ruptures , Cramp , Gout , Disury , Hectick Feaver , Radical moisture . The Leaves being bruised , and rather boyled and applied like a Pultis , are exceeding good to unite broken bones , and strengthen joynts that have been put out . The Decoction of either Leaves or Roots being drunk , and the decocted Leaves applied to the place , is excellent good for the Kings Evil that is broken and runneth , for by the influence of the Moon it reviveth the ends of the Veins which are relaxed ; there is scarce a better Remedy to be applied to such places as are burnt with fire than this is , for it fetcheth out the fire , and heals it without a scar : This is an excellent Remedy for such as are bursten , being either taken inwardly , or applied to the place : in like manner used it helps the Cramp and the Gout ; it is excellent good in Hectick Feavers , and restores Radical moisture to such as are in Consumptions .

Briony , or Wild Vine .

IT is called Wild Vine , and Wood Vine , Tamus , our Ladies Seal ; the white is called White Vine by some , and the black , Black Vine .

Description . ] The common white Briony groweth ramping upon the Hedges , sending forth many long rough very tender Branches at the beginning , with many very rough broad Leaves thereon , cut ( for the most part ) into five partitions , in form very like a Vine Leaf , but smaller , rougher , and of a whitish or hoary green color , spreading very far , spreading and twining with his smal claspers ( that come forth at the Joynts with the Leaves ) very far on whatsoever standeth next to it : At the several Joynts also ( especially towards the top of the Branches ) cometh forth a long Stalk bearing many whitish flowers , together in a long tuft , consisting of five smal Leaves apiece , laid open like a Star : after which come the Berries , separated one from another more than a Cluster of Grapes , green at the first , and very red when they are through ripe , of no good scent , but of a most loathsom tast , provoking Vomit : The Root groweth to be exceeding great , with many long Twines or B●anches , growing from it of a pale whitish color on the outside , and more white within , and of a sharp , bitter loathsom tast .

Place . ] It groweth on Banks , or under Hedges , through this Land ; the Roots lie very deep .

Time . ] It flowreth in July and August , some earlier , and some later than others .

Government and Vertues . ] They are furious Martial Plants . The Roots of Briony purge the Belly with great violence , Falling-sickness , Vertigo , Flegm , Palsies , Convulsion Cramp , stitches , Dropsies , gravel , stone , Obstructions , Womb , mother , Dead Child , After-birth , Cough , shortness of breath , Sores , Cankers , gangrens , tetters , ring-worms , black spots Freckles , Morphew , Leprosie , Broken Bones , splinters , thorns , Whitlows or Nail-Wheals , or Andicoms . troubling the Stomach , and burning the Liver , and therefore not rashly to be taken , but being corrected is very profitable for the Diseases of the Head , as Falling-sickness , Giddiness , and Swimmings , by drawing away much Flegm and Rhewmatick humors that oppress the Head , as also the Joynts and Sinews , and is therefore good for Palsies Convulsions , Cramps , and Stitches in the sides , and the Dropsie ; and in provoking Urine it clenseth the Reins and Kidnies from Gravel and Stone , by opening the Obstructions of the Spleen , and consumeth the hardness and swellings thereof . The Decoction of the Root in Wine drunk once a week at going to bed , clenseth the Mother , and helpeth the rising thereof , expelleth the dead Child , and Afterbirth , but is not to be used by Women with Child , for fear of abortion ; a dram of the Root in Pouder taken in white Wine bringeth down their Courses . An Electuary made of the Roots and Honey , doth mightily clense the Chest of rotten Flegm , and wonderfully help an old strong Cough , those that are troubled with shortness of Breath , and is very good for them that are bruised inwardly , to help to expel the clotted or congealed Blood . The Leaves , Fruit , and Root , do clense old and filthy sores , are good against al fretting and running Cankers , Gangrenes , and Tetters , and therefore the Berries are by some Country People called Tetter-Berries . The Root clenseth the Skin wonderfully from all black and blue spots , freckles , morphew , leprosie , foul scars , or other deformity whatsoever : as also all running scabs , and manginess are healed by the Pouder of the dried Root , or the Juyce thereof , but especially by the fine white hardned Juyce : The distilled water of the Roots worketh the same effects , but more weakly . The Root bruised and applied of it self to any place where the Bones are broken , helpeth to draw them forth , as also splinters and thorns in the flesh ; and being applied with a little Wine mixed therewith , it breaketh Boyls , and helpeth whitlows on the Joynts .

For all these latter beginning at Sores , Cankers , &c. apply it outwardly , and take thy advice along with you , you shal find in my Translation of the London Dispensatory , among the Preparations at latter end , a Medicine called Eoecula Brioniae , take that and use it , you have the way there how to make it , and mix that with a little Hogs-Grease or other convenient Oyntment , and use it at your need .

As for the former Diseases , where it must be taken inwardly , it purgeth very violently , and needs an abler hand to correct it than most Country people have , therefore it is a better way for them ( in my opinion ) to let the Simple alone , and take the Compound Water of it , mentioned in my Dispensatory , and that is far more safe , being wisely corrected .

Brooklime , or Water-Pimpernel .

Description . ] THis sendeth forth from a creeping Root , that shooteth forth strings at every Joynt as it runneth , divers and sundry green stalks , round and sappy with some branches on them , somwhat broad , round , deep green , and thick Leaves set by couples thereon : from the Bosom whereof shoot forth long Footstalks , with sundry smal blue flowers on them , that consist of five smal round pointed Leaves apiece .

There is another sort nothing differing from the former , but that it is greater , and the flowers of a paler blue color .

Place . ] They grow in smal standing Waters , and usually neer Water-cresses .

Time . ] And flower in June and July , giving Seed the next Month after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a hot and biting Martial Plant . Blood purgeth , ill humors , scurvy , Disury , stone , Terms provokes , Dead Child , Swellings , Inflamations . Brooklime and Watercresses are generally used together in Diet Drinks with other things , serving to purge the Blood and Body from ill humors that would destroy health , and are helpful for the Scurvy : They do also provoke Urine , and help to break the stone and pass it away ; they procure Womens Courses , and expel the dead Child . Being fryed with Butter and Vineger , and applied warm , it helpeth al manner of Tumors or Swellings , and Inflamations .

Such drinks ought to be made of sundry Herbs according to the Malady offending , I shal give a plain and easie Rule at the latter end of this Book .

Butchers-Broom .

IT is called Ruscus , and Bruscus , Knee-holm , Knee-holly , Knee-hulver , and Pettigree .

Description . ] The first shoots that sprout from the Root of Butchers-Broom are thick , whitish , and short , somwhat like those of Asparagus , but greater : these rising up to be a foot and an half high , are spread into divers Branches , green and somwhat crested with the roundness , tough and flexible , wheron are set somwhat broad and almost round hard Leavs , sharp and prickly pointed at the ends , of a dark green color , two for the most part set at a place , very close or neer together ; about the middle of the Leaf on the back or lower side from the middle Rib , breaketh forth a smal whitish green flower consisting of four smal round pointed Leaves standing upon little or no Footstalk , and in the place whereof cometh a smal round Berry , green at the first , and red when it is ripe , wherein are two or three White , hard , round Seeds contained : The Root is thick , white , and great at the head , and from thence sendeth forth divers thick , white , long , tough strings .

Place . ] It groweth in Copses , and upon Heaths , and wast Grounds , and oftentimes under or neer the Holly-bushes .

Time . ] It shooteth forth his yong Buds in the Spring , and the Berries are ripe in , or about September : The branches or leavs abiding green al the Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] 't is a Plant of Mars , being of a gallant clensing and opening quallity . The Decoction of the Roots made with Wine , Obstructions , Disury Gravel , ston , strangury , Terms provokes , Yellow-Jaundice , Headach , Flegm , Broken Bones , Dislocations . openeth Obstructions , provoketh Urin , helpeth to expel Gravel and the Ston , the stranguary , and Womans Courses , as also the yellow Jaundice , and the Head-ach : and with some Honey or Sugar put therunto , clenseth the breast of Flegm , and the Chest of much clammy humors gathered therin . The Decoction of the Roots drunk , and a Pultis made of the Berries and Leavs being applied are effectual in knitting and consolidating broken Bones , or parts out of joynt . The common way of using it , is to boyl the Roots of it and Parsly , and Fennel , and Smallage in white Wine , and drink the Decoction , adding the like quantity of Grass-roots to them : the more of the Roots you boyl the stronger wil the Decoction be , it works no ill effects , yet I hope you have wit enough to give the strongest Decoction to the strongest Bodies .

Broom , and Broomrape .

TO spend time in wrighting a Description herof is altogether needless , it being so generally used by al the good Huswives almost through this Land to sweep their Houses with , and therefore very wel known to al sorts of people .

The Broomrape springeth up on many places from the Roots of the Broom ( but more often in fields , as by Hedg-sides , and on Heaths . ) The Stalk wherof is of the bigness of a finger or thumb , above two foot high , having a shew of Leavs on them , and many flowers at the top , of a deadish , yellow colour , as also the stalks and leavs are .

Place . ] They grow in many places of this Land commonly , and as commonly spoyl al the Land they grow in .

Time . ] And flower in the Summer Months , and give their seed before Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] The Juyce , or Decoction of the yong branches , or seed , or the pouder of the seed taken in drink , purgeth downwards , and draweth Flegmatick and watery Humors from the Joynts , whe●by it helpeth the Dropsie , Flegm , Joynts , Dropsie , sides , spleen Bladder , Kidnies , Stone , Disury , black Jaundice , Agues . Toothach , Wind , Stitches , Lice , Gout , Sciatica , and the pains in the Hips and Joynts : It also provoketh strong Vomits , and helpeth the pains of the Sides , and swellings of the Spleen , clenseth also the Reins , or Kidnies and Bladder of the Stone , provoketh Urin abundantly , and hindereth the growing again of the stone in the Body . The continual use of the Pouder of the Leavs and Seed , doth cure the black Jaundice : The Distilled water of the Flowers is profitable for al the same purposes : It also helpeth Surfets , and altereth the Fits of Agues , if three or four ounces therof , with as much of the water of the lesser Centaury , and a little Sugar put therin be taken a little before the Fit cometh , and the party be laid down to sweat in their bed . The Oyl or Water that is drawn from the ends of the green sticks heated in the fire , helpeth the Toothach . The juyce of the yong branches made into an Oyntment of old Hogs greas and anointed , or the yong branches bruised and heated in Oyl or Hogs-greas , and laid to the sides pained by wind , as in stitches , or the spleen , easeth them in once or twice using it : The same boyled in Oyl , is the safest and surest Medicin to kil Lice in the Head or Body of any : and is an especial Remedy for joynt-aches and swoln knees that come by the fasling down of Humors .

The Broomrape also is not without his Vertues .

The Decoction therof in Wine is thought to be as effectual to avoid the Ston in the Kidnies and Bladder , and to provoke Urin , as the Broom it sel● : Stone , Disury , Green wounds , The juyce thereof is a singular good help to cure as wel green Wounds , as old and filthy Sores , and malignant Ulcers . The insolate Oyl wherin there hath been three or four Repetitions of infusion of the top stalks with flowers strained and cleered , clenseth the skin from al manner of spots , marks , and freckls that arise either by the heat of the sun , or the malignity of humors . As for the Broom , and Broomrape , Mars owns them , and it is exceeding prejudicial to the Liver , I suppose by reason of the Antipathy between Jupiter and Mars , therfore if the Liver be dissaffected , administer none of it .

Bucks-horn Plantane .

Descript. ] THis being sown of seed , riseth up at the first with smal , long , narrow , hairy , dark green leavs like grass , without any division or gash in them ; but those that fellow , are gashed in on both sids the leavs into three or four gashes , and pointed at the ends , resembling the knags of a Bucks-horn ( wherof it took the name ) and being wel grown round about the Root upon the ground , in order one by another , therby resembling the form of it star : from among which rise up divers hairy stalks , about a hand breadth high , bearing every one a smal long spiky head like to those of the common Plantane , having such like bloomings and seed after them . The Root is single , long , and smal , with divers strings at it .

Place . ] They grow in dry sandy grounds , as in Tuttle-fields by Westminster , and divers other places of this Land .

Time . ] They flower and seed in May , June , and July , and their green leavs do in a manner abide fresh al the Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Saturn , and is of a gallant drying and binding quallity . This boyled in Wine and drunk , and some of the Leavs applied to the hurt place , Venemous Beasts , Stone , Stomach , Vomiting , Bleeding , Pissing bloud , flux Bloudy Flux , Agues , Eyes , is an excellent Remedy for the biting of the Viper or Adder , which I take to b● one and the same : The same being also drunk helpeth those th●… are troubled with the stone in the Reins or Kidnies by coolin● the heat of the parts afflicted strengthening them : as also we●… stomachs that cannot retain but cast up their Meat . It stayeth a●… bleedings at Mouth and Nose , bloudy Urin , or the bloudy Flux , and stoppeth the Lask of the Belly and Bowels : The Leav●… hereof bruised and laid to their sides that have an Ague , suddenly easeth the Fit : and the Leavs and Roots beaten with some Bay-salt and applied to the Wrists , worketh the same effects . The Herb boyled in Ale or Wine , and given for some mornings and evenings together , stayeth the distillations of hot and sharp Rhewms falling into the Eyes from the Head , and helpeth al sorts of sore Eyes .

Bucks-horn .

IT is called also Harts-horn , Herba-stella , and Herba-stellaria , Sanguinanaria , Herb-eve , and Herb-ivy , and Wort-cresses and Swins-cresses .

Description . ] They have many smal and weak stragling branches trailing here and there upon the ground : the leavs are many ; smal , and jagged , not much unlike to those of Bucks-horn Plantane , but much smaller , and not so hairy : The flowers grow amongst the leavs in smal rough whitish clusters , the seeds are smal and brownish , of a hotish tast .

Place . ] They grow in dry , barren , and sandy grounds .

Time . ] They flower and seed when the rest of the Plantans do .

Government and Vertues . ] This is also under the Dominion of Saturn , the Vertues are held to be the same of Bucks-horn plantane , and therfore by al Authors , it is joyned with it , but besides those , it is most certainly found out , Bleeding , Warts , That the Leavs being bruised , and applyed to the place , stop Bleeding , the herb being bruised , and applyed to Warts , wil make them consume and wax away in a short time .

Bugle .

BEsides the Name Bugle , it is called middle-Consond , and middle-Comfry , brown-Bugle , and of some sickl-Wort , and herb-Carpenter , though in Sussex we cal another herb by that name .

Description . ] This hath larger Leavs than those of the Self-heal , but else of the same fashion , or rather a little longer , in some green on the upper side , and in others more brownish , dented about the edges , somwhat hairy , as the square stalk is also , which riseth up to be half a yard high somtimes , with the leavs set by couples : from the middle almost wherof upwards stand the flowers together , with many smaller and browner leavs than the rest on this stalk below , set at distances , and the stalk bare between them , among which Flowers are also smal ones of a bluish , and somtimes of an Ash colour , fashioned like the Flowers of the Ground-ivy , after which come smal , round , blackish seed . The Root is composed of many string , and spreadeth upon the ground in divers parts round about .

The White-flowered Bugle differeth not in form or greatness from the former , saving that the Leavs and stalks are alwaies green and never brown , like the other , and that the Flowers therof are white .

Place . ] They grow in Woods , wet Copses , and Fields generally throughout England ; but the white flowred Bugle is not so plentiful as the other .

Time . ] They flower from May until July , and in the mean time perfect their Seed . The Roots and Leavs next therunto upon the ground abiding all Winter .

Government and Vertues ] This Herb is belonging to Dame Venus , if the Vertues of it make you in love with it , ( as they wil if you be wise ) keep a Syrup of it to take inwardly , and an Oyntment and Plaister of it to use outwardly alwaies by you .

The Decoction of the Leavs and Flowers made in Wine and taken dissolveth the congealed Blood in those that are bruised inwardly by a Fall or otherwise , Bruises , Falls , Wounds , Scabs , Ulcers , Liver-grown , gangrenes , Fistulaes , Sore Mouths , Gums , Sores in the secrets broken bones , and is very effectual for any inward Wounds , Thrusts or Stabs into the Body or Bowels , and is an especial help in all Wound-drinks , and for those that are Liver-grown ( as they call it . ) It is wonderful in curing all manner of Ulcers and Sores whether new and fresh , or old and inveterate , yea , Gangrenes and Fistulaes also , if the Leavs bruised be applied , or their Juyce used to wash and bath the places . And the same made into a Lotion with some Honey and Allum , cureth all sores of the Mouth or Gums be they never so foul , or of long continuance ; and worketh no less powerfully and effectually for such Ulcers and Sores as happen in the secret parts of Men or Women : Being also taken inwardly , or outwardly applied , it helpeth those that have broken any Bone , or have any Member out of Joynt . An Oyntment made with the Leavs of Bugle , Scabious and Sanicle bruised and boyled in Hogs Greas , until the Herbs be dry , and then strained forth into a Pot , for such occasions as shal require it , is so singular good for al sorts of hurts in the Body , that none that know its usefulness wil be without it .

The truth is , I have known this Herb cure some Diseases of Saturn , of which I thought good to quote one . Many times such as give themselves much to drinking are troubled with strange Fancies , strange sights in the night time , Mares , strange Sights in the night . and some with Voyces , as also with the Diseas Ephialtes or the Mare . I take the Reason of this to be ( according to Fernelius ) a Melancholly vapor made thin by excessive drinking strong Liquor , and so flies up and disturbs the Fancy , and breeds imaginations like its self , viz. fearful and troublesom : These I have known cured by taking only two spoonfuls of the Syrup of this Herb , after Supper two hours when you go to bed . But whether this do it by Sympathy or Antipathy is some question ; all that know any thing in Astrologie , know that there is a great Antipathy between Saturn and Venus in matter of Procreation , yea , such an one , that the barrenness of Saturn can be removed by none but Venus , nor the lust of Venus be repelby none but Saturn ; but I am not yet of opinion this is done this way : and my reason is , because these vapors though in quality Melancholly , yet by their flying upward seem to be somthing Aërial , therfore I rather think it is done by simpathy , Saturn being exalted in Libra the house of Venus .

Burnet .

IT is also called Sanguiforba , Pimpinella , Bipenula , Solbastrella , &c. The common Garden Burnet is so wel known , that it needeth no Discription . There is another sort which is wild , the description wherof take as followeth .

Descript. ] The great wild Burnet , hath winged leavs rising from the roots like the Garden Burnet , but not so many , yet each of these leavs are at the least twice as large as the other , and nicked in the same manner about the edges , of a grayish colour on the underside : the Stalks are greater and rise higher , with many such like leavs set theron , and greater heads at the tops of a brownish green colour , and out of them come smal , dark , purple Flowers , like the former , but greater . The Root is black and long , like the other , but greater also : It hath almost neither scent nor tast therin , like the garden kind .

Place . ] The first grows frequently in Gardens . The Wild kind groweth in divers Countries of this Land , especially in Huntington and Northampton-shires in the Meadows there : as also neer London by Pancras-Church , and by a Causey-side in the middle of a Field by Paddington .

Time . ] They flower about the end of June and beginning of July , and their Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] This is an Herb the Sun challengeth dominion over , and is a most precious Herb , little inferior to Betony : The continual use of it preservs the Body in health , and the Spirits in vigor : for if the Sun be the preserver of Life under God , his Herbs are the best in the World to do it by . They are accounted to be both of one property , Heart , Liver , melancolly Pestilence , epidemical Diseases , Bleeding , Stoppeth Terms , & Whites , Belching , Vomiting , Wounds , Ulcers , Cankers , Sores , Fluxes , but the lesser is more effectual , because quicker , and more Aromatical : It is a friend to the Heart , Liver , and other the principal parts of a mans Body . Two or three of the Stalks with Leavs put into a Cup of Wine , especially Clarret , are known to quicken the Spirits , refresh and cheer the Heart , and drive away Melancholly : It is a special help to defend the Heart from noisom vapors , and from infection of the Pestilence , the juyce therof being taken in some Drink , and the party laid to sweat therupon . They have also a drying , and an astringent quality , wherby they are available in al manner of Fluxes of Bloud or Humors , to stanch bleedings inward or outward , Lasks , Scourings , the Bloudy-flux , Womens too abundant Courses , the Whites , and the Chollerick Belchings and Castings of the Stomach : and is a singular Wound-herb for al sorts of Wounds both of the Head and Body , either inward or outward : for al old Ulcers , or running Cankers , and moist Sores , to be used either by the juyce , or Decoction of the Herb , or by the Pouder of the Herb or Root , or the Water of the distilled Herb , or Oyntment by it self , or with other things to be kept . The seed is also no less effectual both to stop Fluxes and dry up moist Sores , being taken in pouder inwardly , in Wine or steeled Water , that is , wherin hot Gads of Steel have been quenched . Or the pouder of the seed mixed with the Oyntments .

The Butter-Bur , or Petasitis .

Descript. ] THis riseth up in February , with a thick Stalk about a foot high , wheron are set a few smal Leavs , or rather pieces , and at the tops , a long spiked head of Flowers , of a blush , or deep red colour , according to the soyl wherin it groweth : and before the stalk with the flowers have abidden a month above ground , wil be withered and gon , blown away with the Wind ; and the Leavs wil begin to spring , which being ful grown are very larg and broad , being somWhat thin and almost round , whose thick red foot stalks , about a foot long , stand towards the midle of the leavs : The lower part being divided into two round parts , close almost one to another , and of a pale green colour , and hoary underneath . The Root is long and spreading under ground , being in some places no bigger than ones finger , in others much bigger , blackish on the out-side , and white within , of a bitter and unpleasant tast .

Place and Time . ] They grow in low and wet grounds by Rivers and Waters-sides : Their Flowers ( as is said ) rising and decaying in February and March , before the Leavs which appear in April .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of the Sun , and therfore is a great strengthener of the Heart , and cheer of the Vital Spirits . Plague , epidemical diseases , Poyson , Mother Wheezing , Difficulty of breathing , Disury , terms provoks , Flat and broad Worms , Blemishes of the skin The Roots herof are by long experience found to be very available against the Plague and Pestilential Feavers , by provoking Sweat : if the Pouder therof be taken in Wine , it also resisteth the force of any other Poyson . The Root herof taken with Zedoary and Angelica , or without them , helps the rising of the Mother : The Decoction of the Root in Wine , is singular good for those that Wheeze much , or are short-winded . It provoketh Urin also and Womens-courses , and killeth the Flat and broad worms in the Belly . The Pouder of the Root doth wonflerfully help to dry up the moisture of sores that are hard to be cured , and taketh away al spots and blemishes of the skin . It were wel if Gentlewomen would keep this Root preserved , to help their poor neighbors : It is fit the Rich should help the poor , for the poor cannot help themselves .

The Bur-Dock .

THey are also called Personata Bardona , and Lappa Major , great Bur Bur-dock , and clot-Bur . It is so wel known , even to the little Boys , who pul of the Burs , to throw and stick upon one another , that I shal spare to write any Description of it .

Place . ] They grow plentifully by Ditches and Water-sides , and by the High-waies almost every where through this Land .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus challengeth this herb for her own , and by its Leaf or Seed you may draw the Womb which way you please , either upward by applying it to the Crown of the Head , in case it fal out : or downwards in fits of the Mother , by applying it to the Soals of the Feet : Or if you would stay it in its place , apply it to the Navel , and that is one good way to stay the Child in it . See more of it in my Guid for Women . The Bur Leavs are cooling , moderatly drying , and discussing withal , wherby it is good for old Ulcers and Sores : A dram of the Roots taken with Pine Kernels , helpeth them that spit foul , mattery , and bloudy Flegm : The Leavs applied on the places troubled with the shrinking of the Sinews or Arteries , Cools , Dryes , Ulcers , Sores , Flegm , Sinews , Arteries , Venemous Beasts , Mad-Dogs Disury , Bladder , Sciatica , Burning , Sores , Cankers , Consumption , Stone , Flux , give much ease : The juyce of the leavs or rather the Roots themselves given to drink with old Wine , doth wonderfully help the bitings of any Serpents : And the Root beaten with a little salt and laid on the place , suddainly easeth the pain therof , and helpeth those that are bit with a mad-Dog . The juyce of the Leavs taken with Hony , provoketh Urin , and remedieth the pain of the Bladder . The Seed being drunk in Wine forty dayes together , doth wonderfully help the Sciatica . The Leavs bruised with the White of an Egg , and applied to any place burnt with Fire , taketh out the Fire , gives suddain ease , and heals it up afterwards . The Decoction of them fomented on any fretting Sore or Canker , stayeth the corroding quality , which must be afterwards anointed with an Oyntment made of the same Liquor , Hogs-grease , Nitre , and Vinegar , boyled together . The Roots may be preserved with Sugar , and taken fasting , or at other times for the said purposes , and for Consumptions , the Stone , and the Lask . The Seed is much commended to break the Stone , and cause it to be expelled by Urin , & is often used with other seeds & things to that purpose .

Cabbages , and Coleworts .

I Shal spare a labor in writing a Description of these , sith almost every one that can but write at al may describe them from his own knowledge , they being generally so wel known that Descriptions are altogether needless .

Place . ] These are generally planted in Gardens .

Time . ] Their flowring time is towards the middle or end of July , and the Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] The Cabbages or Coleworts boyled gently in Broth and eaten , do open the Body , but the second Decoction doth bind the Body . The juyce therof drunk in Wine , helpeth those that are bitten by an Adder , Venemous Beasts , Terms provokes , Hoarfness , Consumption , Obstructions , Stone , Sight , Canker , Surfets , Swellings , Gout , Sores , Scabs , Wheals , melancolly , Wind . and the Decoction of the Flowers bringeth down womens Courses . Being taken with Hony , it recovereth Hoarsness or loss of the voice . The often eating of them wel boyled , helpeth those that are entring into a Consumption . The Pulp of the middle Ribs of Coleworts boyled in Almond-milk and made up into an Electuary with Hony , being taken often , is very profitable for those that are pursie and short-winded . Being boyled twice , and an old Cock boyled in the Broth , and drunk , it helpeth the pains and Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , and the Stone in the Kidnies . The Juyce boyled with Hony , and dropped into the corner of the Eye , cleereth the sight , by consuming any Film or cloud beginning to dim it ; it also consumeth the Canker growing therin . They are much commended being eaten before meat to keep one from Surfeting , as also from being drunk with too much Wine , or quickly make a man sober again that is drunk before . For ( as they say ) there is such an Antipathy or enmity between the Vine and the Colewort , that the one wil die where the other groweth . The Decoction of Coleworts taketh away the pain and ach , and allayeth the swellings of swoln and gouty Legs and Knees , wherin many gross and watry humors are fallen , the place being bathed therwith warm : It helpeth also old and filthy sores being washed therwith , and healeth al smal scabs , pushes , and wheals that break out in the skin . The ashes of Colewort stalks mixed with old Hogs-grease , are very effectual to anoint the sides of those that have had long pains therin , or any other place pained with Melancholly and windy humors . This was surely Chrysippus his god , and therfore he wrote a whole Volumn of them and their Vertues , and that none of the least neither , for he would be no smal Fool , he apropriates them to every part of the Body , and to every Disease in every part : and honest old Cato ( they say ) used no other Physick , I know not what Mettals their Bodies were made of , this I am sure , Cabbages are extream windy , whether you take them as Meat , or as Medicine , yea as windy meat as can be eaten , unless you eat Baggipes or Bellows , and they are but seldom eaten in our daies , and Colewort-flowers are somthing more tollerable , and the wholsomer food of the two . The Moon challengeth the Dominion of the Herb .

The Sea Colewort .

Description . THis hath divers somwhat long and broad , large thick wrinkled Leavs , somwhat crumpled upon the edges , growing each upon a several thick Footstalk very brittle , of a grayish green color . From among which riseth up a strong thick stalk , two foot high and better , with some Leavs theron to the top , where it brancheth forth much ; and on every Branch , standeth a large bush of pale whitish Flowers , consisting of four Leavs apiece : The Root is somwhat great , and shooteth forth many branches under ground , keeping the green Leaves all the Winter .

Place . ] They grow in many places upon the Sea Coasts , as wel on the Kentish , as Essex Shores ; as at Lidd in Kent , Colechester in Essex , and divers other places , and in other Countries of this Land .

Time . ] They Flower and Seed about the time that other kinds do .

Government and Vertues . ] The Moon claims the Dominion of these also . The Broth , or first Decoction of the Sea Colewort , doth by the sharp , Sores , Wounds , Ulcers , Swellings , Inflamations . nitrous , and bitter qualities therin , open the Belly and purge the Body , it clenseth and digesteth more powerfully than the other kind : The Seed hereof bruised and drunk , killeth Worms . The Leavs or the Juyce of them applied to Sores or Ulcers clenseth and healeth them , and dissolveth Swellings , and taketh away Inflamations .

Calamint , Or Mountain Mint .

Description . ] THis is a smal Herb seldom rising above a foot high , with square , hoary , and woody Stalks , and two smal hoary Leavs set at a joynt , about the bigness of Marjoram , or not much bigger , a little dented about the edges , and of a very fierce or quick scent , as the whol Herb is : The Flowers stand at several spaces of the Stalks from the middle almost upwards , which are smal and gaping like to those Mints , and of a pale blush color ; after which follow smal , round , blackish Seeds : The Root is smal and woody , with divers smal sprigs spreading within the ground , and dieth not , but abideth many yeers .

Place . ] It groweth on Heaths , and Upland dry grounds , in many places of this Land .

Time . ] They Flower in July , and their Seed is ripe quickly after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Mercury , and a strong one too , therfore excellent good in all afflictions of the Brain . The Decoction of the Herb being drunk , Terms provokes , Disury , Ruptures , Convulsions , Cramps , Shortness of breath , Jaundice , Vomiting , Worms , Leprosie , Serpents , Black and blue , Marks , Scars , Sciatica , Obstruction of the Liver and Spleen , Teriian Agues , Gall , Cough , Bowels , Spleen . bringeth down Womens Courses and provoketh Urin : It is profitable for those that are Bursten , or troubled with Convulsions or Cramps , with shortness of Breath , or chollerick torments and pains in their Bellies or Stomachs ; it also helpeth the yellow Jaundice , and stayeth Vomiting , being taken in Wine ; taken with Salt and Honey , it killeth all manner of Worms in the Body : it helpeth such as have the Leprosie , either taken inwardly , drinking Whey after it , or the green Herb outwardly applied : It hindreth conception in Women : being either burned , or strewed in the Chamber , it driveth away Venemous Serpents . It takes away black and blue marks in the Face , and maketh black Scars become wel colored , if the green Herb ( not the dry ) be boyled in Wine , and laid to the place , or the place washed therwith . Being applied to the Hucklebone , by continuance of time , it spendeth the humors which caused the pain of the Sciatica . The Juyce dropped into the Ears killeth the Worms in them : The Leavs boyled in Wine and drunk , provoketh sweat , and openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen ; it helpeth them that have a Tertian Ague ( the Body being first purged ) by taking away the cold Fits . The Decoction hereof with some Sugar put therto afterwards , is very profitable for those that be troubled with the overflowing of the Gall , and that have an old Cough , and that are scarce able to breath by the shortness of their wind : That have any cold distemper in their Bowels , and are troubled with the hardness of the Spleen , for all which purposes , both the Pouder called Diacalaminthes , and the Compound Syrup of Calamint ( which are to be had at the Apothecaries ) are most effectual .

Let not Women be too busie with it , for it works very violently upon the Foeminine parts .

Chamomel .

THis is so wel known every where that it is but lost time and labor to describe it . The Vertues whereof are as followeth :

A Decoction made of Chamomel and drunk , taketh away all pains and Stitches in the Sides . Stitches in the Side . Agues , Liver , Spleen , Weariness , Sinews , Swellings , Chollick , Stone , Belly-ach , Cold , Ach , Jaundice , Dropsie , Brain , Cramp , Stitch in the Side . The Flowers of Chamomel beaten and made up into Bals with Oyl driveth away all sorts of Agues ; if the party grieved be anointed with that Oyl taken from the Flowers , from the Crown of the Head to the Soal of the Foot , and afterwards laid to sweat in his bed , and that he sweat wel : This is Nichessor an Egyptians Medicine . It is profitable for all sorts of Agues that come either from Flegm or Melancholly , or from an inflamation of the Bowels being applied when the humors causing them shall be concocted ; and there is nothing more profitable to the sides and Region of the Liver and Spleen than it . The bathing with a Decoction of Chamomel taketh away weariness , easeth pains to what part of the Body soever they be applied : it comforteth the Sinews that are over strained , mollifieth al Swellings : It moderately comforteth al parts that have need of warmth , digesteth and dissolveth whatsoever hath need thereof by a wonderful speedy property . It easeth all the pains of the Chollick and Stone , and al pains and torments of the Belly , and gently provoketh Urin . The Flowers boyled in Posset Drink provoketh Sweat , and helpeth to expel Colds , Aches , and Pains , whersoever , and is an excellent help to bring down Womens Courses . A Syrup made of the Juyce of Chamomel with the Flowers and white Wine , is a Remedy against the Jaundice and Dropsie . The Flowers boyled in a Ly , are good to wash the Head , and comfort both it and the Brain . The Oyl made of the Flowers of Chamomel is much used against all hard swellings , pains , or aches , shrinking of the Sinews , or Cramps , or pains in the Joynts , or any other part of the Body ; being used in Clysters , it helpeth to dissolve wind and pains in the Belly ; anointed also , it helpeth Stitches and pains in the Sides .

Nichessor saith the Egyptians dedicated it to the Sun because it cured Agues ; and they were like enough to do it , for they were the arr●ntest Apes in their Religion that ever I read of . Bacchinus , Pena , and Lob●l , commend the Syrup made of the Juyce of it and Sugar taken inwardly , to be excellent for the Spleen . Also this is certain , that it most wonderfully breaks the Stone : some take it in Syrup or Decoction , others inject the Juyce of it into the Bladder with a Syringe ; my opinion is , That the Salt of it taken half a dram in a morning , in a little White or Rhenish Wine , is better than either : that it is excellent for the Stone appears by this , which I have seen tried , viz. That a Stone that hath been taken out of the Body of a Man being wrapped in Chamomel will in time dissolve , and in a little time too .

Water-Caltrops .

THey are called also , Tribulus Aquaticus , Tribulus Lacustris , and Tribulus Macinus , Caltrops , Saligot , Water Nuts , and Water Chesnuts ,

Descript. ] As for the greater sort , or Water-Caltrop , it is not found here , or very rarely ; two other sorts there are which I shall here describe : The first hath a long , creeping , and joynted Root , sending forth tufts at each joynt , from which joynts arise long , flat , slender , knotted Stalks even to the top of the Water , divided towards the top into many branches , each carrying two Leaves on both sides , being about two inches long , and half an inch broad , thin , and almost transparent , they look as though they were torn , the Flowers are long , thick , and whitish , set together almost like a bunch of Grapes , which being gone there succeed for the most part four sharp pointed grains , altogether containing a smal white Kernel in them .

The second differs not much from this , save that it delights in more cleer Water , its Stalks are not flat but round , its Leaves are not so long , but more pointed ; as for the place we need not determin , for their Name sheweth they grow in the Water .

Government and Vertues . ] They are under the Dominion of the Moon , Inflamations , cankers , mouth , throat , gums , Almonds of the Ears , Kings Evil , Stone , Gravel , Venemous Beasts , Poyson . and being made into a Pultice , is excellent good for hot inflamations , and swellings , cankers , sore mouths and throats , being washed with the Decoction , it clenseth and strengthneth the neck and throat much , and helps those swellings , which when people have , they say the Almonds of the Ears are fallen down ; it is excellent good for the rankness of the Gums , a safe and present Remedy for the Kings Evil ; they are excellent good for the stone and gravel , especially the Nuts being dryed ; they also resist poyson , and bitings of venemous Beasts .

Campions Wild .

Description . ] THe white wild Campion hath many long and somwhat broad dark green Leavs , lying upon the ground with divers Ribs therein , somwhat like Plantane , but somwhat hairy , broader , and not so long : The hairy Stalks rise up in the middle of them three or four foot high , and somtimes more , with divers great white joynts at several places thereon , and two such like Leavs thereat up to the top , sending forth branches at several joynts also ; all which bear on several footstalks white flowers at the tops of them , consisting of five broad pointed Leaves , every one cut in on the end unto the middle , making them seem to be two apiece , smelling somwhat sweet , and each of them standing in large green striped hairy Husks , large and round below next to the stalk : The Seed is smal and grayish in the hard Heads that come up afterwards : The Root is white and long , spreading divers fangs in the ground .

The Red wild Campion groweth in the same manner as the white , but his Leavs are not so plainly Ribbed , somwhat shorter , rounder , and more woolly in handling : The Flowers are of the same form and bigness , but in some of a pale , in others of a bright red color , cut in at ends more finely , which maketh the Leavs seem more in number than the other . The Seed and the Roots are alike : The Roots of both sorts abiding many ye●rs .

There are forty five kinds of Campions more , those of them which are of Physical uses having the like vertues with these above described , which I take to be the two chiefest kinds .

Place . ] They grow commonly through this Land by Fields , Hedg-sides , and Ditches .

Time . ] They flower in Summer , some earlier than others , and some abiding longer than others .

Government and Vertues . ] They belong unto Saturn , and it is found by experience that the Decoction of the Herb , Bleeding inward & outward , Disury , Gravel , Choller , Venemous Beasts , Plague , Sores , Ulcers , Cankers , Fistulaes . either the White or Red being drunk , doth stay inward bleedings ; and applied outwardly it doth the like : And being drunk helpeth to expel the Urin being stopp'd , and Gravel or the Stone in the Reins or Kidnies . Two drachms of the Seed drunk in Wine , purgeth the Body of Chollerick Humors , and helpeth those that are stung by Scorpions , or other Venemous Beasts ; and may be as effectual for the Plague : It is of very good use in old Sores , Ulcers , Cankers , Fistulaes , and the like , to clense and heal them , by consuming the moist humors falling into them , and correcting the putrifaction of Humors offending them .

Carduus Benedictus

IT is called Carduus Benedictus , or blessed Thistle , or holy Thistle ; I suppose the name was put upon it by some that had little Holiness in themselves .

I shal spare a labor in writing a Description of this , sith almost every one that can but write at all may describe them from his own knowledg .

Place . ] It groweth plenitfully in Gardens .

Time . ] They flower in August , and seed not long after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Mars , and under the Sign Aries : Now in handling this Herb , I shall give you a rational Pattern of all the rest , and if you please to view them throughout the Book , you shall to your content find it true . It helps swimmings and giddiness of the Head , Vertigo , yell-jaund . or the Disease called Vertigo , because Aries is in the House of Mars . It is an excellent Remedy against the yellow Jaundice , Attractive faculty , Tetters , Ringworms , Plague-sores , Boyls , Itch , mad Dogs , Venemous Beasts . and other Infirmities of the Gall , because Mars governs Choller . It strengthens the attractive faculty in man , and clarifies the blood , because the one is ruled by Mars . The continual drinking the Decoction of it helps red Faces , Tetters , and Ringworms , because Mars causeth them . It helps Plague-sores , Boyls , and Itch , the bitings of mad Dogs , and venemous Beasts , all which infirmities are under Mars . Thus you see what it doth by Sympathy .

French Pox , strengthens memory , Deafness , quartan Agues adust Choller , Urine . By Antipathy to other Planets , It cures the French Pox by Antipathy to Venus who governs it . It strengthens the Memory , and cures Deafness by Antipathy to Saturn who hath his Fall in Aries which he Rules the Head . It cures Quartan Agues , and other Diseases of Melancholly and adust Choller by Sympathy to Saturn , Mars being exalted in Capricorn . Also it provokes Urin , the stopping of which is usually caused by Mars , or the Moon .

Carrots .

THe Garden kind are so well known that they need no Description ; but because they are of less Physical use than the wild kind ( as indeed almost in all Herbs the Wild are most effectual in Physick , as being more powerful in operation than the Garden kinds ) I shall therfore briefly describe the wild Carrot .

Description . ] It groweth in a manner altogether like the Tame , but that the Leavs and Stalks are somwhat whiter and rougher : The Stalks bear large tufts of white Flowers , with a deep purple spot in the middle , which are contracted together when the Seed begins to ripen , that the middle part being hollow and low , and the outer Stalks rising high , maketh the whol Umbel to shew like a Birds nest . The Root is smal , long , and hard , unfit for meat , being somwhat sharp and strong .

Place . ] The Wild kind groweth in divers parts of this Land plentifully by the Fields sides , and in untilled places .

Time . ] They Flower and Seed in the end of Summer .

Government and Vertues . ] Wild Carrots belong to Mercury , and therfore breaketh Wind , and removeth Stitches in the sides , provoketh Urin , Wind , Stitches , provokas Urin and the Terms , Stone , Dropsie , Chollick , Barrenness Ulcers . and Womens Courses , and helpeth to break and expel the Stone : The Seed also of the same worketh the like effect , and is good for the Dropsie , and those whose Bellies are swollen with wind ; helpeth the Chollick , the Stone in the Kidneys , and the rising of the Mother , being taken in Wine , or boyled in Wine and taken ; and helpeth conception . The Leavs being applied with Honey to running Sores or Ulcers , doth clense them .

I suppose the Seeds of them perform this better than the Roots ; And though Galen commend Garden Carrots highly , to break wind ; yet experience teacheth , that they breed it first ; and we may thank Nature for expelling it , not they : The Seeds of them expel Wind indeed , and so mend what the Root marreth .

Caraway .

Descript. IT beareth divers stalks of fine cut Leavs lying upon the ground somwhat like to the Leavs of Carrots , but not bushing so thick , of a little quick tast in them , from among which riseth up a square stalk not so high as the Carrot , at Whose joynts are set the like Leavs , but smaller and finer , and at the top smal open tufts or umbels of white Flowers , which turn into smal blackish seed smaller than the Annis-seed , and of a quicker and botter tast . The Root is whitish , smal , and long , somwhat like unto a Parsnip , but with more wrinkled Bark , and much less , of a little hot and quick tast , and stronger than the Parsnip , and abideth after Seed-time .

Place . ] It is usually sown with us in Gardens .

Time . ] They flower in June and July , and seed quickly after .

Government and Vertues . ] This is also a Mercurial Plant . Caraway Seed hath a moderate sharp quality whereby it breaketh Wind , and provoketh Urin , Wind , Disury , Indigestion Head , Stomach , Bowels , Mother , Black and blue spots , Bruises , Chollick , which also the Herb doth . The Root is better food than the Parsnip , and is pleasant and comfortable to the Stomach , helping digestion . The Seed is conducing to all the cold griefs of Head and Stomach , the Bowels or Mother , as also the wind in them , and helpeth to sharpen the Eye-sight . The Pouder of the Seed put into a Pultis , taketh away black and blue spots of blows and bruises . The Herb it self , or with some of the Seed bruised and fryed , laid hot in a bag or double cloth to the lower parts of the Belly , easeth the pains of the wind Cholleck .

The Roots of Caraways , eaten as men eat Parsnips , strengthen the Stomachs of ancient people exceedingly , and they need not make a whol meal of them neither , and are fit to be planted in every ones Garden .

Caraway Comfects , once only dipped in Sugar , and half a Spoonful of them eaten in the morning fasting , and as many after each meal is a most admirable Remedy for such as are troubled with wind .

Celondine .

Descript. ] THis hath divers tender , round , whitish , green Stalks , with greater joynts than ordinary in other Herbs , as it were Knees , very brittle and easie to break , from whence grow Branches with large tender long Leavs , much divided into many parts , eaih of them cut in on the edges , set at the joynts on both sides of the Branches , of a dark bluish green color on the uper side like Columbines , and of a more pale , bluish green underneath , full of a yellow sap , when any part is broken , of a bitter tast , and strong scent . At the tops of the Branches which are much divided , grow gold yellow flowers of four leavs apiece , after which come smal long Pods , with blackish Seed therein . The Root is somwhat great at the head , shooting forth divers other long Roots and smal Strings , reddish on the outside , and yellow within , full of a yellow sap therein .

Place . ] It groweth in many places by old Walls , by the Hedges , and way sides in untilled places ; and being once planted in a Garden , especially in some shady place , it will remain there .

Time . ] They flower all the Summer long , and the Seed ripeneth in the mean time .

Government and Vertues . ] This is an Herb of the Sun , and under the Coelestial Lyon , and is one of the best cures for the Eyes that is . All that know any thing in Astrologie , know as wel as I can tel them , That the Eyes are subject to the Luminaries ; let it then be gathered when the Sun is in Leo , and the Moon in Aries applying to his Trine ; let Leo arise , then may you make it into an Oyl or Oyntment which you please to anoint your sore Eyes withal : I can prove it both by my own experience , and the experience of those to whom I have taught it , That most desperate sore Eyes have been cured by this only Medicine ; And then I pray , is not this far better than endangering the Eyes by the art of the Needle ? for if this do not absolutely take away the Film , it will so facilitate the work that it may be done without danger . Obstructions of the Liver and Gall , yellow , jaundice , dropsie , pestilence , Eyes , Ulcers , Tetters , Ringworms , Cancers , warts , Belly , Bowels , Mother Worms Terms stops , Toothach , Itch , beauty lost . The Herb or Roots boyled in white Wine and drunk , a few Anniseeds being boyled therewith , openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall , helpeth the yellow Jaundice : and the often using it , helps the Dropsie and the Itch , and those that have old Sores in their Legs , or other parts of the Body . The Juyce thereof taken fasting , is held to be of singular good use against the Pestilence : The Distilled Water with a little Sugar , and a little good Treacle mixed therwith ( the party upon the taking being laid down to sweat a little ) hath the same effect . The juyce dropped into the Eyes clenseth them from films and cloudiness which darken the sight , but it is best to allay the sharpness of the Juyce with a little Breast-milk : It is good in old filthy corroding , creeping Ulcers wheresoever , to stay their malignity of fretting and running , and to cause them to heal the more speedily : The Juyce often applied to Tetters , Ringworms , or other such like spreading Cancers , will quickly heal them , and rubbed often upon Warts will take them away . The Herb with the Roots bruised and heated with Oyl of Chamomel , and applied to the Navel , taketh away the griping pain in the Belly and Bowels , and all the pains of the Mother : and applied to Womens Breasts stayeth the overmuch flowing of their Courses . The Juyce or Decoction of the Herb gargled between the Teeth that ach , easeth the pain : and the Pouder of the dryed Root , laid upon an aching , hollow , or loos Tooth , wil caus it to fall out . The Juyce mixed with some Pouder of Brimstone , is not only good against the Itch , but taketh away all discolorings of the Skin whatsoever : And if it chance that in a tender Body it causeth any Itching or Inflamation , by bathing the place with a little Vinegar it is helped .

Another il-favor'd trick have Physitians got to use to the Eye , and that is worse than the Needle ; which is , To eat away the Film by corroding or gnawing Medicines . This I absolutely protest against .

1. Because the Tunicles of the Eye are very thin , and therfore soon eaten asunder .

2. The Callus or Film that they would eat away , is seldom of an equal thickness in every place , and then the Tunicle may be eaten asunder in one place , before the Film be consumed in another , and so be a readier way to extinguish the sight , than to restore it .

It is called Chelidonium from the Greek word {αβγδ} , which signifies a Swallow , because they say , That if you prick out the Eyes of yong Swallows when they are in the Nest , the old ones wil recover their eyes again with this Herb . This I am confident , for I have tried it , That if you mar the very Apple of their Eyes with a Needle , she will recover them again but whether with this Herb or no , I know not .

Also I have read ( and it seems to me somwhat probable ) That the Herb being gathered , as I shewed before , and the Elements drawn apart from it by the art of the Alchymist , and after they are drawn apart , rectified , the earthy quality still in rectifying them , added to the Terra damnata ( as Alchymists call it ) or Terra sacratissima ( as some Phylosophers call it ) the Elements so rectified are sufficient for the Cure of all Diseases , the humor offending being known , and the contrary Element given : It is an Experience worth the trying , and can do no harm .

The lesser Celondine , usually known by the name of Pilewort , and Figwort .

I Wonder what ailed the Ancients to give this the name of Celondine which resembles it neither in nature or form : It acquired the Name of Pilewort from its Vertues , and it being no great matter where I set it down , so I do set it down at al , I humor'd D. Tradition so much as to set it down here .

Description . ] This Celondine then , or Pilewort ( which you please ) doth spread many round , pale , green Leavs set on weak and trailing Branches , which lie upon the ground , and are fat , smoth , and somwhat shining , and in som places ( though seldom ) marked with black spots , each standing on a long footstalk , among which rise smal yellow Flowers , consisting of nine or ten smal narrow Leavs , upon slender Footstalks very like unto a Crowfoot , whereunto the Seed also is not unlike , being many smal ones set together upon a Head . The Root is made of many smal Kernels like grain of Corn , some twice as long as others , of a whitish colour , with some fibres at the end of them .

Place . ] It groweth for the most part in the moist corners of Fields , and places that are neer Water-sides , yet wil abide in dryer grounds , if they be but a little shadowed .

Time . ] It Flowreth betimes about March , or April , is quite gone in May , so as it cannot be found until it spring again .

Government end Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mars , and behold here another Verification of that Learning of the Ancients , viz. That the Vertue of an Herb may be known by its signiture as plainly appears in this , for if you dig up the Root of it , you shal perceive the perfect image of that Disease which they commonly cal the Piles . It is certain by good experience , Hemorrhoides , Kings-Evil . That the Decoction of the Leavs and Roots doth wonderfully help the Piles and Hemorrhoids , as also Kernels by the Ears and Throat called the Kings Evil , or any other hard Wens or Tumors .

Here 's another Secret for my Country men and Women , a couple of them together , Pilewort made into an Oyl Oyntment or Plaister , readily cures both the Piles or Hemrrhoids , and the Kings Evil , If I may lawfully cal it the Kings Evil now there is no Keng , the very Herb born about ones Body next the skin , helps in such Diseases , though it never touch the place grieved , let good people make much of it for these uses , with this I cured my own Daughter of the Kings Evil , broke the Sore , drew out a quarter of a pint of Corruption , and Cured it without any Scar at al , and in one Weeks time .

The Ordinary smal Centaury .

Descript. ] THis groweth up most usually but with one round and somwhat crested stalk , about a foot high , or better , branching forth at the top into many sprigs , and some also from the joynts of the stalks below : The Flowers that stand at the tops as it were in an umbel or tuft , are of a pale red , tending to a Carnation colour , consisting of five , somtimes six smal Leavs , very like those of St. Johns Wort , opening themselvs in the day time , and closing at night : after which come Seed in little short Husks in form like unto Wheat corns : The Leavs are smal and somwhat round . The Root smal and hard , perishing every year : The whole plant is of an exceeding bitter tast .

There is another sort in al things like the former , save only it beareth white Flowers .

Place . ] They grow ordinarily in Fields , Pastures , and Woods , but that with the white Flowers , not so frequent as the other .

Time . ] They flower in July , or therabouts , and Seed within a Month after .

Government and Vertues . ] They are al under the Dominion of the Sun , as appears in that their flowers open and shut as the Sun either sheweth . Choller , Sciatica , Obstructions , Liver , Gall , Spleen , Agues , Dropsie , green sickness , Chollick , terms provokes , Joynts , Gout , Sciatica , Cramp , Convulsion , Venemous Beasts , Eyes , Wounds , Ulcers , Ears , Scabby Heads , Freckls , Spots , or hideth his face . This Herb boyled and drunk , purgeth Chollerick and gross humors , and helpeth the Sciatica : It openeth Obstructions of the Liver , Gall , and Spleen , helping the Jaundice , and easing the pains in the sides , and hardness of the Spleen , used outwardly , and is given with very good effect in Agues : It helpeth those that have the Dropsie , or the green-Sickness , being much used by the Italians in pouder for that purpose . It killeth the Worms in the Belly as is found by experience . The Decoction therof ( viz. ) the tops of the stalks with the Leavs and Flowers , is good against the Chollick , and to bring down Womens Courses , helpeth to avoid the dead birth , and easeth pains of the Mother , and is very effectual in al old pains of the Joynts , as the Gout , Cramps , or Convulsions . A dram of the Pouder therof taken in Wine , is a wonderful good help against the biting and poyson of the Adder . The juyce of the Herb with a little Hony put to it , is good to cleer the Eyes from dimness , mists , and clouds that offend or hinder the sight : It is singular good both for green and fresh Wounds , as also for old Ulcers and Sores , to close up the one , and clense the other , and perfectly to cure them both , although they be hollow or fistulous : the green Herb especially being bruised and laid therto . The Decoction therof dropped into the Ears , clenseth them from Worms , clenseth the foul Ulcers and spreading Scabs of the Head , and taketh away al Freckls , Spots , and Marks in the Skin , being washed therwith . The Herb is so safe you cannot fail in the using of it , only give inwardly for inward Diseases ; use it outwardly for outward Diseases : 't is very wholsom , but not very toothsom .

There is besides these another smal Centaury , which beareth a yellow Flower , in al other respects it is like the former , save that the Leavs are bigger , and of a darker green , and the stalk passeth through the midst of them , as it doth in the Herb Thorowax . They are al of them as I told you under the Dominion of the Sun : yet this if you observe it , you shal find an excellent truth ; In Diseases of Bloud , use the red Centaury ; if of Choller , use the yellow ; but if of Flegm , or Water , you wil find the White best .

The Cherry-Tree .

I Suppose there are few but know this Tree , for his Fruits sake , and therfore shal spare the writing a Description therof .

Place . ] For the place of its growth , it is afforded room in every Orchard .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Tree of Venus . Cherries , as they are of different tasts , so they are of divers qualities : The sweet pass through the stomack and belly more speedily , but are of little Nourishment . The tart , Appetite lost , Fl●gm Gross Humors , Cool , provoke Urin , Cough , Hoarsness , Sight , Gravel , Wind , or sowr , are more pleasing to an hot Stomack , procuring Appetite to meat , and help to cut tough Flegm and gross Humors : but when these are dryed , they are more binding the Belly than when they are fresh , being Cooling in hot Diseases , and welcome to the Stomach , and provoke Urin . The Gum of the Cherry-tree dissolved in Wine , is good for a cold Cough , and hoarsness of the Throat , mendeth the colour in the Face , sharpneth the Eye-sight , provoketh Appetite , and helpeth to break and expel the Stone : The Black Cherries bruised with the stones , and distilled , the Water therof is much used to break the Stone , expel Gravel , and break the Wind .

Winter-Cherries .

Descript. ] THe Winter-Cherry hath a running or creeping Root in the Ground of the bigness many times of ones little Finger , shooting forth at several joynts in several places , wherby it quickly spreadeth a great compass of ground : The Stalk riseth not above a yard high , wheron are set many broad , and long green Leavs , somwhat like Nightshade but larger : at the joynts wherof come forth whitish Flowers made of five Leavs a piece , which after turn into green Berries , inclosed with thin skins , which change to be reddish , when they grow ripe , the Berry likewise being reddish , and as larg as a Cherry , wherin are contained many flat and yellowish seeds lying within the pulp : which being gathered and strung up , are kept all the year , to be used upon occasion .

Place . ] They grow not naturally in this Land , but are cherished in Gardens for their Vertues .

Time . ] They flower not until the middle or latter end of July , and the Fruit is ripe about the end of August , or beginning of September .

Government and Vertues . ] This also is a Plant of Venus . They are of great use in Physick : The Leavs being Cooling may be used in Inflamations , but not opening as the Berries and Fruit are , which by drawing down the Urin , Inflamations , Disury , Stone , G●avel , Ulc●rs in the Reins , and Bladder , pissing Blood , sharpness of Urins . A precious Receipt . provoke it to be avoided plentifully when it is stopped , or grown hot , sharp , and painful in the passage : it is good also to expel the Stone and Gravel out of the Reins , Kidnies , and Bladder , helping to dissolve the stone , and avoiding it by greet or gravel sent forth in the Urin : it also helpeth much to clense inward Impostumes or Ulcers in the Reins or Bladder , or in those that avoid a bloudy or foul Urin . The distilled Water of the Fruit , or the Leavs together with them , or the Berries green or dry , distilled with a little Milk , and drunk morning and evening with a little Sugar , is effectual to al the purposes afore specified , and especially against the heat and sharpness of the Urin . I shal only mention one way amongst many others which might be used for ordering the Berries to be helpful for the Urin and the stone , which is thus , Take three or four good handfuls of the Berries either green and fresh , or dried , and having bruised them , put them into so many Gallons of Beer or Ale when it is new tunned up : This Drink taken daily , hath been found to do much good to many ; both to ease the pains , and expel urin , and the stone , and to cause the stone not to ingender . The Decoction of the Berries in Wine or Water is the most usual way ; but the Pouder of them taken in Drink , is more effectual .

Chervil .

IT is called Cerifolium , Myrrhis , and Mirrla , Chervil , sweet-Chervil , and sweet-Cicily .

Descript. ] The Garden Chervil doth at first somwhat resemble Parsly , but after it is better grown the Leavs are much cut in and jagged , resembling Hemlocks , being a little hairy , and of a whitish green color , somtimes turning reddish in the Summer with the stalks also ; It riseth little above half a foot high , bearing white Flowers in spoked tusts , which turn into long and round Seed pointed at the ends , and blackish when they are ripe ; of a sweet tast , but no smel , though the Herb it self smelleth reasonable well : The Root is smal and long , and perisheth every yeer , and must be sowen anew in the Spring for Seed , and after July for Autumn Sallet .

The wild Chervil groweth two or three foot high , with yellow stalks and joynts , set with broader and more hairy Leavs , divided into sundry parts nicked about the edges , and of a darker green color , which likewise grow reddish with the stalks ; at the tops whereof stand smal white tufts of Flowers , and afterwards smaller and longer seed : The Root is white , hard , and enduring long . This hath little or no scent .

Place . ] The first is sown in Gardens for a Sallat-Herb . The second groweth wild in many of the Meadows of this Land , and by the Hedg-sides , and on Heaths .

Time . ] They flower and seed early , and thereupon are sown again in the end of Summer .

Government and Vertues . ] The Garden Chervil being eaten , Stomach , Clotted Blood , Bruises , Falls , Disury , stone , Pleuresie , Sides , Swellings , black and blue spots . doth moderatly warm the Stomach , and is a certain Remedy ( saith Tragus ) to dissolve congealed or clotted Blood in the Body , or that which is clotted by bruises , fals , &c. The Juyce or distilled Water therof being drunk , and the bruised Leavs laid to the place , being taken either in meat or drink , it is held good to provoke Urin , to expel the Stone in the Kidnies , to send down Womens Courses , and to help the Pleuresie and prickings of the Sides .

The wild Chervil bruised and applied , dissolveth Swellings in any part of the Body , and taketh away the Spoots and Marks of congealed Blood by bruises or blows , in a little space .

Sweet Chervil , or , Sweet Cicely .

Descript. ] THis groweth very like the greater Hemlock , having large spread Leavs , cut into divers parts , but of a fresher green color than the Hemlock , tasting as sweet as the Anniseed . The Stalk riseth up a yard high or better being crested or hollow , having the like Leavs at the Joynts , but lesser ; and at the tops of the Branched Stalks , Umbels or Tufts of white Flowers ; after which come large and long crested , black shining Seed , pointed at both ends , tasting quick , yet sweet and pleasant . The Root is great and white , growing deep in the ground , and spreading sundry long Branches therein , in tast and smel stronger than the Leavs or Seed , and continuing many yeers .

Place . ] This groweth in Gardens .

Government and Vertues . ] These are all three of them of the Nature of Jupiter , and under his Dominion . This whol Plant , besides its pleasantness in Sallats , Cold Stomach , Wind , Flegm , Lungues , Phtisick , Pestilence , Terms provokes , After-birth , Appetite lost , Ulcers , Epidemical Diseases . hath also his Physical Vertues . The Root boyled and eaten with Oyl and Vinegar , ( or without Oyl ) doth much please and warm an old and cold Stomach , oppressed with wind or flegm , or those that have the Phtisick or Consumption of the Lungs . The same drunk with Wine , is a preservative from the Plague ; it provoketh Womens Courses , and expelleth the After-birth , procureth an appetite to meat , and expelleth Wind . The Juyce is good to heal the Ulcers of the Head and Face . The candied Roots hereof are held as effectual as Angelica to preserve from infection in the time of a Plague , and to warm and comfort a cold weak Stomach .

It is so harmless you cannot use it amiss .

Chestnut Tree .

TO describe a Tree so commonly known , were as vain as tell a man he had gotten a Mouth ; therfore take the Government and Vertues of them thus .

The Tree is absolutely under the Dominion of Jupiter , and therfore the fruit must needs breed good blood , and yield commendable nourishment to the Body , yet if eaten over much , they make the Blood thick , procure headach , and bind the body ; the inner skin that covereth the Nut , is of so binding a quality , that a scruple of it being taken by a man , or ten grains by a child , Elux , soon stops any flux whatsoever : The whol Nut being dried and beaten into pouder , and a drachm taken at a time is a good remedy to stop the Terms in Women : Terms , stops , Cough , spitting blood . If you dry Chestnuts , and beat them into Pouder ( only the Kernel I mean ) both the Bark being taken away , beat them into Pouder , and make the Pouder up into an Electuary with Honey , so have you an admirable Remedy for the Cough and spitting blood .

Earth-Chestnuts .

THey are called Earth-Nuts , Earth-Chestnuts , Ground-Nuts , Cipper-Nuts , and we in Sussex call them Pig-nuts : A Description of them were needless , for every Child knows them .

Government and Vertues . ] They are somthing hot and dry in quality under the Dominion of Venus , Lust provokes , Disury , spitting blood , pissing blood . they provoke Lust exceedingly , and stir up to those sports she is Mistris of ; the Seed is excellent good to provoke Urin , and so also is the Root , but it doth not perform it so forcibly as the Seed doth . The Root being dried and beaten into Pouder , and the Pouder made into an Electuary is as sigular a Remedy for spitting and pissing blood as the former Chestnuts was for Coughs .

Chickweed .

Descript. ] THis is generally known to most People , I shall therefore not trouble you with the Description thereof ; nor my self with setting forth the several kinds ; sith but only two or three are consideable for their usefulness .

Place . ] These are usually found in moist and watry places , by Wood sides , and els-where .

Time . ] They flower about June , and their Seed is ripe in July .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a fine soft pleasing Herb , under the Dominion of the Moon , It is found to be as effectual as Purslain to all the purposes whereunto it serveth , except for meat only . The Herb bruised , or the Juyce applied ( with cloaths or spunges dipped therin ) to the Region of the Liver , Hot Liver , Apostums , swellings , Red Face , Wheals , Pushes , Itch , Scabs Cramp , Convulsion , Palsey , Red Eyes , Hemorrhoids , Ulcers , and as they dry to have fresh applied , doth wonderfully temper the heat of the Liver ; and is effectual for all Imposthums and Swellings whersoever ; for all redness in the Face , Wheals , Pushes , Itch , Scabs , the Juyce either simply used , or boyled with Hogs Grease and applied ; the same helpeth Cramps , Convulsions , and Palsies : The Juyce or distilled Water is of much good use for al heat and redness in the Eyes to drop some therof into them ; as also into the Ears to ease pains in them , and is of good effect to ease the pains , the heat , and sharpness of Blood in the Piles , and generally all pains in the Body that arise of heat ; it is used also in hot and virulen● Ulcers and Sores in the privy parts of Man or Woman , or on the Legs , or els-where . The Leaves boyled with Mash-Mallows , and made into a Pultis with Fenugreek , and Lin-seed , applied to Swellings or Imposthums ripeneth and breaketh them , or swageth the swellings , and easeth the pains : It helpeth the Sinews Sinews . when they are shrunk by Cramps or otherwise , and to extend and make them pliable again , by this Medicine . Boyl an handful of Chickweed , and a handful of red Rose Leavs dryed , but not distilled , in a quart of Muscadine until a fourth part be consumed ; then put to them a pint of Oyl of Trotters , or Sheeps-feer ; let them boyl a good while , still stirring them well ; which being strained , anoint the grieved place therewith , warm against the fire , rubbing it wel in with ones hand , and bind also some of the Herb ( if you will ) to the place , and with Gods blessing it will help with three times dressing .

Cich-Pease , or Cicers .

Descript. ] THe Garden sorts , whether red , black , or white , brings forth Stalks a yard long , wheron do grow many smal and almost round Leavs , dented about the edges , set on both sides of a middle Rib : at the Joynts come forth one or two Flowers upon short Foot-stalks , Peas fashion , either white or whitish , or purplish red , lighter or deeper according as the Peas that follow wil be , that are contained in smal , thick , and short Pods , wherin lie one or two Peas more usually , a little pointed at the lower end , and almost round at the Head , yet a little corner'd or sharp . The Root is smal , and perisheth yeerly .

Place and Time . ] They are sown in Gardens , or the Fields , as Peas , being sown later than Peas , and gathered at the same time with them , or presently after .

Government and Vertues . ] They are both under the Dominion of Venus . They are no less windy than Beans , but nourish more , they provoke Urine , Disury , Seed encreas , Stone , Costivness , Terms , provokes , pain in the sides , Obstruction , stone , Open , Digest , Dissolve . and are thought to encrease Sperm , they have a clensing faculty , wherby they break the stones in the Kidneys : To drink the Cream of them being boyled in Water is the best way : it moveth the Belly downwards , provoketh Womens Courses , and Urin , and encreaseth both Milk and Seed . One ounce of Cicers , two ounces of French Barley , and a smal handful of Marsh-Mallow Roots , clean washed and cut , being boyled in the broth of a Chicken , and four ounces taken in the morning , and fasting two hours after is a good Medicine for a pain in the sides . The white Cicers are used more for Meat than Medicine , yet have they the same effects , and are thought more powerful to encreas Milk and Seed .

The wild Cicers are so much more powerful than the Garden kinds , by how much they exceed them in heat and driness , whereby they do more open Obstructions , break the stone , and have all the properties of cutting , opening , digesting , and dissolving , and this more speedily and certainly than the former .

Cinkfoyl , or Five Leaved Grass ; Called in some Countries , Five Finger'd Grass .

Descript. ] THis spreadeth and creepeth far upon the ground , with long slender strings like Strawberries , which take Root again and shooteth forth many Leavs made of five parts , and somtimes of seven , dented about the edges and somwhat hard : The stalks are slender leaning downwards , and bear many smal yellow Flowers thereon , with some yellow threds in the middle , standing about a smooth green head ; which when it is ripe is a little rough , and containeth smal brownish Seeds . The Root is of a blackish brown color , seldom so big as ones little finger , but growing long with some threds thereat ; and by the smal strings it quickly spreadeth over the ground .

Place . ] It groweth by Wood sides , Hedg sides , the Pathwaies in Fields , and in the borders and corners of them almost through all this Land .

Time . ] It flowreth in Summer , some sooner , some later .

Government and Vertues . ] This is an Herb of Jupiter , and therefore strengthens the parts of the Body that he rules ; let Jupiter be angular and strong when it is gathered , and if you give but a scruple ( which is but twenty grains of it ) at a time , either in white Wine or white Wine Vinegar , you shall very seldom miss the cure of an Ague , Agues . be it what Ague soever in three Fits , as I have often proved to the admiration both of my self and others ; let no man despise it because it is plain and easie , the waies of God are all such , 't is the ungodliness and impudency of Man that made things hard , and hath ( by so doing ) made sport for all the Devils in Hell , and grieved the good Angels , and when you reade this , your own Genius , if you be any thing at al acquainted with it , may dictate to you many as good conclusions both of this and other Herbs . Inflamation , Feavers , Pestilence , Sore Mouths , Ulcers , Cankers , Fistulaes , Quinsy , yellow , Jaundice , falling-sickness , Flux , Terms stops , Whites , Bloody Flux , Toothach , Hoarsness , Cough , Palsey of the hands , Knots in the flesh , St. Anthonies fire , Shingles , scabs , itch , joynts pained , sciatica , rupturs Gouts , Bruises , Falls , Bleeding . It is an especial Herb used in all Inflamations and Feavers whether infectious or Pestilential ; or among other Herbs to cool and temper the Blood and Humors in the Body ; As also for all Lotions , Gargles , Injections , and the like for sore Mouths , Ulcers , Cankers , Fistulaes , and other corrupt , foul , or running Sores . The Juyce hereof drunk about four ounces at a time for certain daies together , cureth the Quinsie , and the yellow Jaundice , and taken for thirty daies together cureth the Falling-sickness . The Roots boyled in Milk and drunk , is a most effectual remedy for all Fluxes in Man or Woman , whether the Whites , or Reds , as also the Bloody flux . The Roots boyled in Vinegar , and the Decoction therof held in the Mouth , easeth the pains of the Toothach . The Juyce or Decoction taken with a little Honey , helpeth the hoarsness of the Throat , and is good for the Cough of the Lungues . The Distilled Water of both Roots and Leavs is also effectual to all the purposes aforesaid ; and if the Hands be often washed therin , and suffered at every time to dry in of it self without wiping it will in short time help the Palsey , or shaking in them . The Root boyled in Vinegar , helpeth all knots , kernels , hard swellings , and lumps growing in any part of the Flesh , being thereto applied , as also all Inflamations , and St. Anthonies fire , all Imposthumes , and painful Sores , with heat and putrifaction ; the Shingles also , and all other sorts of running and foul Scabs , Sores , and Itch. The same also boyled in Wine , and applied to any Joynts full of pain ach , or the Gout in the Hands or Feet , or the Hip-gout , called the Sciatica , and the Decoction thereof drunk the while , doth cure them , and easeth much pains in the Bowels . The Roots are likewise effectual to help Ruptures or Burstings , being used with other things available to that purpose , taken either inwardly , or outwardly , or both ; as also for Bruises , or Hurts by Blows , Falls , or the like , and to stay the bleeding of Wounds in any part inward or outward .

Some hold that one Leaf cures a Quotidian , three a Tertian , and four a Quartan Ague , and a hundred to one if it be not Dioscorides , for he is full of such whimseys . The truth is , I never stood so much upon the number of the Leavs , nor whether I gave it in Pouder or Decoction : If Jupiter were strong and the Moon applying to him , or his good aspect at the gathering of it , I never knew it miss the desired effects .

Cives .

THey are also called Rush Leeks , Chives , Civet , and Sweth .

Temperature and Vertues . ] I confess I had not added these had it not been for a Letter I received of a Country Gentleman , who certified me that amongst other Herbs I had left these out ; they are indeed a kind of Leeks , hot and dry in the fourth degree as they are , and also under the Dominion of Mars ; if they be eaten raw ( I do not mean raw opposite to rosted or boyled , but raw opposite to a Chymical Preparation ) they send up very hurtful vapors to the Brain , causing troublesom sleep and spoiling the eyesight , yet of them prepared by the Art of the Alchymist may be made an excellent remedy for stoppage of Urine . Disury .

Clary , Or more properly , Cleer-Eye .

Descript. ] OUr ordinary Garden Clary hath four square Stalks , with broad , rough , wrinkled , whitish , or hairy green Leavs , somwhat evenly cut in on the edges , and of a strong sweet scent , growing some neer the ground , and some by couples upon Stalks : The Flowers grow at certain distances with two smal Leavs at the Joynts under them , somwhat like unto the Flowers of Sage , but smaller , and of a whitish blue color : The Seed is brownish , and somwhat flat , or not so round as the wild , the Roots are blackish and spread not far , and perish after the Seed time : It is usually sown , for it seldom riseth of its own sowing .

Place . ] This groweth in Gardens .

Time . ] It Flowreth in June and July , some a little later than others , and their Seed is ripe in August , or thereabouts .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of the Moon : The Seed is used to be put into the Eyes Eyes , to cleer them from Moats , or other such like things gotten within the Lids to offend them , Swellings , Splinters . Thorns , Inflamations , Boyls , Felons , Head , Brain , Lust provokes , Back , Terms provokes , as also to cleer them from white or red spots in them . The Muccilage of the Seed made with Water , and applied to tumors or swellings , disperseth and taketh them away , as also draweth forth splinters , thorns , or other things gotten into the flesh . The Leavs used with Vinegar either by it self or with a little Honey , doth help hot Inflamations , as also Boyls , Felons , and the hot Inflamations that are gathered by their pains , if it be applied before they be grown too great . The Pouder of the dried Root put into the Nose , provoketh sneezing , and therby purgeth the Head and Brain of much Rhewm and Corruption . The Seed or Leavs taken in Wine provoketh to Venery . It is of much use both for Men and Women that have weak Backs , to help to strengthen the Reins , used either by it self or with other Herbs conducing to the same effect , and in Tansies often : The fresh Leavs dipped in a Batter of Flower , Egs , and a little Milk , and fried in Butter , and served to the Table , is not unpleasant to any , but exceeding profitable for those that are troubled with weak Backs , and the effects thereof . The Juyce of the Herb put into Ale or Beer , and drunk , bringeth down Womens Courses , and expelleth the After-birth . Afterbirth

It is an usual cours with many men when they have gotten the running of the Reins , or Women the Whites , then run to the Bush of Clary ; Maid bring hither the frying Pan , fetch me some Butter quickly , then to eating fried Clary , just as Hogs eat Acorns , and this they think will cure their Disease ( forsooth ) whereas when they have devoured as much Clary as will grow upon an Acre of ground , their Backs are as much the better as though they had pissed in their shoos , nay perhaps much wors .

We will grant that Clary strengthens the Back , but this we deny , That the caus of the running of the Reins in Men , or the Whites in Women lies in the Back ( though the Back may somtimes be weakned by them ) and therfore the Medicine is as proper , as for me when my Toe is sore , to lay a Plaister to my Nose .

Wild Clary .

WIld Clary is most blasphemously called Christs-Eye , because it cures Diseases of the Eyes : I could wish from my very soul , Blasphemy , Ignorance , and Tyranny were ceased amongst Physitians that they might be happy , and I joyful .

Descript. ] It is like the other Clary , but lesser , with many stalks about a foot and an half high ; the stalks are square , and somthing hairy ; the Flowers of a bluish color . He that knows the common Clary cannot be ignorant of this .

Place . ] It grows commonly in this Nation , in Barren places ; you may find it plentifully if you look in the Fields neer Grays-Inn , and the Fields neer Chelsy .

Time . ] They flower from the beginning of June to the latter end of August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is somthing hotter and dryer than the Garden Clary is , yet nevertheless under the Dominion of the Moon , as well as that the Seeds of it being beaten to Pouder and drunk with Wine is an admirable help to provoke Lust : Lust provoketh , congealed Blood , cold stomach , sore Eyes , Films in the Eyes , Indigestion . A Decoction of the Leavs being drunk warms the stomach , and 't is a wonder if it should not , the stomach being Cancer the House of the Moon ; also it helps digestion , scatters cungealed blood in any part of the Body , and help dimness of sight ; the Distilled water thereof clenseth the Eyes of redness , waterishness and heat , 't is a gallant Remedy for dimness of sight , to take one of the Seeds of it , and put into the Eye , and there let it remain while it drops out of it self , the pain of it will be nothing to speak on ; it will clense the Eyes of all filthy and putrified matters , and in often repeating of it , wil take off any Film which covereth the sight ; a handsomer , safer , and easier Remedy a great deal than to tear it off with a needle .

Cleavers .

It is also called Aparine , Goos-share , Goos-grass , and Clavers .

Descript. ] THe common Cleavers hath divers very rough square stalks , not so big as the Tag of a Point , but rising up to be two or three yards high somtimes , if it meet with any tall Bushes or Trees whereon it may climb ( yet without any claspers ) or els much lower , and lying upon the ground full of joynts , and at every of them shooteth forth a Branch , besides the Leavs thereat , which are usually six , set in a round compass like a Star , or the Rowel of a Spur : from between the Leavs at the Joynts towards the tops of the Branches , come forth very smal white Flowers , every one upon a smal threddy Footstalk , which after they are fallen , there do shew two smal , round , rough seeds , joyned together like two Testicles , which when they are ripe grow hard and whitish , having a little hole on the side somwhat like unto a Navel . Both Stalks , Leavs , and Seeds are so rough that they will cleav to any thing shall touch them . The Root is smal and very threddy , spreading much in the ground , but dieth every yeer .

Place . ] It groweth by the Hedg and Ditch sides in many places of this Land , and is so troublesom an Inhabitant in Gardens , that it rampeth upon , and is ready to choak what ever grows next it .

Time . ] It flowreth in June and July , and the Seed is ripe and falleth again in the end of July or August , from whence it springeth up again , and not from the old Roots .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of the Moon . The Juyce of the Herb , and the Seed together taken in Wine , helpeth those that are bitten with an Adder , Venemous Beasts , Heart , Fatness , yellow Jaundice , Flux , bloody flux , Wounds , Ulcers , Swellings , King I Evil , pain in the Ears . by preserving the Heart from the Venom ; It is familiarly taken in Broth to keep them lean and lank that are apt to grow fat . The distilled Water drunk twice a day helpeth the yellow Jaundice , and the Decoction of the Herb in experience sound to do the same , and stayeth Lasks and bloody Fluxes . The Juyce of the Leavs , or they a little bruised and applied to any bleeding Wound , stayeth the bleeding . The Juyce is also very good to close up the lips of green Wounds ; and the Pouder of the dried Herb strewed therupon doth the same , and likewise helpeth old Ulcers : Being boyled with Hogs Greas , it healeth al sorts of hard swellings or kernels in the throat , being anointed therwith . The Juyce dropped into the Ears taketh away the pains of them .

It is a good remedy in the Spring , eaten ( being first chopped smal and boyled well ) in Water-gruel , to cleans the Blood , and strengthen the Liver , therby keeping the Body in Health , and fitting it for that change of Season that is coming .

Clowns Woundwort .

Descript. ] IT groweth up somtimes to three or four foot high , but usually about two foot , with square , green , rough stalks , but slender , joynted somwhat far asunder , and two very long , and somwhat narrow , dark green Leavs , bluntly dented about the edges , thereat ending in a long point . The Flowers stand toward the tops compassing the Stalks at the Joynts with the Leavs and end likewise in a spiked top , having long and much open gaping hoods of a purplish red color , with whitish spots in them , standing in somwhat rough Husks , wherein afterwards stand blackish round Seeds . The Root is composed of many long strings , with some tuberous long Knobs growing among them , of a pale yellowish or whitish color , yet at some times of the yeer these knobby Roots in many places are not seen in the Plant : The whol Plant smelleth somwhat strongly .

Place . ] It groweth in sundry Countries of this Land , both North and West , and frequently by Path sides in the Fields neer about London , and within three or four miles distance about it , yet usually grows in or neer Ditches .

Time . ] It flowreth in June and July , and the Seed is ripe soon after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of the Planet Saturn . Wounds , Ulcers , Blood , Cancers , Bloody flux , Vessels broken Ruptures , spitting , pissing , & Vomiting Blood , Veins swelled , Muscles cut . It is singularly effectual in all fresh and green Wounds , and therfore beareth not this name for nought . And is very available in stanching of Blood , and to dry up the fluxes of Humors in old fretting Ulcers , Cancers , &c. that hinder the healing of them .

A Syrup made of the Juyce of it is inferior to none for inward Wounds , Ruptures of Veins , bloody Flux , Vessels broken , spitting , pissing , or vomiting Blood : Ruptures are excellently and speedily , even to admiration , cured by taking now and then a little of the Syrup , and applying an Oyntment or Plaister of the Herb to the place . Also if any Vein be swelled , or Muscle cut , apply a Plaister of this Herb to it , and if you ad a little Comfry to it , it will not do amiss : I assure thee the Herb deservs Commendations though it have gotten but a Clownish name , and whoever reades this ( if he try it as I have done ) wil commend it as well as I.

I have done , only take notice , That it is of a dry Earthy quality .

Cocks-Head , Red Fitchling , or Medick Fetch .

Descript. ] THis hath divers weak , but rough Stalks , half a yard long , leaning downwards , beset with winged , Leavs , longer and more pointed than those of Lentils , and whitish underneath ; from the tops of these stalks arise up other slender stalks , naked without Leaves unto the tops , where there grow many smal Flowers in manner of a Spike , of a pale reddish color , with some blueness among them : after which rise up in their places , round , rough , and somwhat flat Heads . The Root is tough and somwhat woody , yet liveth , and shooteth anew every yeer .

Place . ] It groweth under Hedges , and somtimes in the open Fields , in divers places of this Land .

Time . ] They flower all the Months of July and August , and the Seed ripeneth in the mean while .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Venus . Knots and Kernels in the Flesh , Strangury , Milk in Cattel . It hath power to rarifie and digest , and therfore the green Leavs bruised and laid as a Plaister disperseth Knots , Nodes , or Kernels in the Flesh ; and if when it is dry it be taken in Wine , it helpeth the Strangury : and being anointed with Oyl , it provoketh Sweat . It is a singular food for Cattel , to cause them to give store of Milk , and why then may it not do the like being boyled in the ordinary drink of Nurses .

Columbines .

THese are so well known , growing in almost every Garden , that I think I may save the expence of time in writing a Description of them .

Time . ] They flower in May , and abide not for the most part when June is past , perfecting their Seed in the mean time .

Government and Vertues . ] It is also an Herb of Venus . The Leavs of Columbines are commonly used in Lotions with good success for sore Mouths and Throats : Sore mouths & throats , Obstructions , yellow Jaundice , Womens travel , stone . Tragus saith , That a dram of the Seed taken in Wine with a little Saffron , openeth obstructions of the Liver , and is good for the yellow Jaundice , if the party after the taking therof be laid to sweat wel in his Bed : The Seed also taken in Wine causeth a speedy Delivery of Women in Child-birth , if one draught suffice not , let her drink a second , and it is effectual . The Spaniards use to eat a piece of the Root hereof in a morning fasting , many daies together , to help them being troubled with the stone in the Reins or Kidneys .

Coltsfoot .

CAlled also Cough-wort , Foals-foot , Hors-hoof , and Bulls-foot .

Descript. ] This shooteth up a slender stalk with smal yellowish Flowers somwhat early , which fall away quickly ; and after they are past , come up somwhat round Leavs , somtimes dented a little about the edges , much lesser , thicker , and greener , than those of Butter-bur , with a little down or freez over the green Leaf on the uper side , which may be rubbed away , and whitish or mealy underneath . The Root is smal and white , spreading much under ground , so that where it taketh , it wil hardly be driven away again , if any little piece be abiding therein ; and from thence springeth fresh Leavs .

Place . ] It groweth as well in wet grounds , as in drier places .

Time . ] And Flowreth in the end of February , the Leavs beginning to appear in March .

Government and Vertues . ] The Plant is under Venus . The fresh Leaves , or Juyce , or a Syrup made therof is good for a hot dry Cough , Cough , Wheesing , shortnes of breath , Agues , Inflamations , Swelling , St. Anthonies fire , Burnings , Chollerick pushes , piles , Inflamations in the Privities . for wheesings and shortness of breath . The dry Leavs are best for those that have thin Rhewms , and Distilla●ions upon the Lungs , causing a Cough , for which also the dried Leavs taken as Tabaco , or the Root , is very good . The distilled Water hereof simply , or with Elder Flowers and Nightshade , is a singular Remedy against al hot Agues , to drink two ounces at a time , and apply Cloaths wet therin to the Head and Stomach ; which also doth much good being applied to any hot Swellings or Inflamations ; it helpeth St. Anthonies Fire , and Burnings , and is singular good to take away Wheals , and smal Pushes that arise through heat ; As also the burning heat of the Piles , or privy parts , cloathes wet therin being therunto applied .

Comfry .

Descript. ] THe common great Comfry hath divers very large and hairy green Leavs lying on the ground , so hairy or prickly that if they touch any tender part of the Hands , Face , or Body , it will cause it to itch : The Stalk that riseth up from among them being two or three foot high , hollow and cornered , is very hairy also , having many such like Leavs as grow below , but lesser and lesser up to the top . At the Joynts of the Stalks , it is divided into many branches with some Leavs thereon , and at the ends stand many Flowers in order one above another , which are somwhat long and hollow like the finger of a Glove , of a pale whitish color , after which come smal black Seed . The Roots are great and long , spreading great thick Branches under ground , black on the outside and whitish within , short or easie to break , and ful of a glutinus or clammy Juyce of little or no tast at all .

There is another sort in al things like this , save only it is somwhat less , and heareth Flowers of a pale purple color .

Place . ] They grow by Diches and Water sides , and in divers Fields that are moist , for therin they chiefly delight to grow : The first generally through al the Land , and the other but in some several places .

By the leave of my Authors , I know the first grow often in dry places .

Time . ] They flower in June and July , and give their Seed in August .

Government and Vertues . ] This is also an Herb of Saturn , and I suppose under the Sign Capricorn , cold , dry , and earthy in quality : What was spoken of Clowns Woundwort , Spitting & pissing Blood , Inward ●●unds & bruises , Phtisick , Bloody Flux , Terms , stops , Whites , Nervs cut Muscles cut , sharp Humors , Wounds , Ruptures , broken Bones , Knotted Breasts , Hemorrhoids , Inflamation , gout , Pained Joynts , Gangrens . may be said of this . The great Comfry helpeth those that spit blood , or make a bloody Urin : The Root boyled in Water or Wine , and the Decoction drunk , helpeth al inward hurts , bruises , and wounds , and the Ulcers of the Lungs , causing the Flegm that oppresseth them to be easily spit forth ; It stayeth the defluxions of Rhewm from the Head upon the Lungs , the Fluxes of Blood or humors by the Belly , Womens immoderate Courses , as well the Reds 〈…〉 the Whites ; and the running of the Reins hapning by what cause soever . A Syrup made therof is very effectual for al those inward Griefs and Hurts ; and the distilled Water for the same purpose also , and for outward Wounds and Sores in the Fleshy or Sinewy part of the Body whersoever ; as also to take away the fits of Agues , and to allay the sharpness of Humors . A Decoction of the Leaves hereof is available to all the purposes , though not so effectual as of the Roots . The Roots being outwardly applied , helpeth fresh wounds or cuts immediately , being bruised and laid thereunto ; and is especial good for Ruptures and broken bones : yea it is said to be so powerful to consolidate and knit together ; that if they be boyled with dissevered pieces of flesh in a pot , it wil joyn them together again . It is good to be applied to Womens Breasts that grow sore by the abundance of Milk coming into them : as also to repress the overmuch bleeding of the Hemorrhoids to cool the Inflamation of the parts thereabouts , and to give ease of pains . The Roots of Comfry taken fresh , beaten smal , and spread upon Leather , and laid upon any place troubled with the Gout , do presently give ease of the pains ; and applied in the same manner giveth ease to pained Joynts , and profiteth very much for running and moist Ulcers , Gangreans , Mortifications , and the like , for which it hath by often experience been found helpful .

Corralwort .

IT is called by some Toothwort , Toothed Violet , Dog-teeth Violet , and Dentaria .

Descript. ] Of the many sorts of this Herb , two of them may be found growing in this Nation ; the first of which shooteth forth one or two winged Leavs upon long brownish Footstalks , which are doubled down at their first coming out of the ground : when they are fully opened they consist of seven Leavs , most commonly of a sad green color , dented about the edges , set on both sides the middle Rib one against another , as the Leavs of the Ash-tree : the stalk beareth no Leavs on the lower half of it , the uper half beareth somtimes three or four , each consistfng of five Leavs , somtimes but of three : on the top stand four or five flowers upon short footstalks , with long husks ; the flowers are very like the flowers of stock Gilliflowers , of a pale purplish color , consisting of four Leavs apiece , after which come smal Cods which contain the Seed : the Root is very smooth , white , and shining , it doth not grow downwards , but creepeth along under the uper crust of the ground , and consisteth of divers smal round knobs , set together : toward the top of the stalk there grow some single Leavs , by each of which cometh a smal round cloven Bulb , which when it is ripe , if it be set in the ground it will grow to be a Root .

As for the other Corralwort which groweth in this Nation , 't is more scarcy than this , being a very smal Plant not much unlike Crowfoot , therfore some think it to be one of the sorts of Crowfoot : I know not where to direct you to it , and therfore I shall forbear the Description .

Place . ] The first groweth neer Mayfield in Sussex , in a Wood called High-reed , and in another Wood there also , called Fox holes .

Time . ] They flower from the latter end of April to the middle of May , and before the middle of July they are gone and not to be found .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of the Moon . Disury , gravel , stone , sides , Bowels , wounds in the Breast and Lungs , rupture , fluxes , Wounds and Ulcers . It clenseth the Bladder and provoketh Urin , expels Gravel , and the Stone , it easeth pains in the sides and bowels ; it is excellent good for inward wounds , especially such as are made in the Breast or Lungs by taking a dram of the pouder of the Root every morning in Wine ; the same is excellent good for Ruptures , as also stop fluxes : an Oyntment made of it , is excellent good for wounds and Ulcers , for it soon dries up the watry humor which hinders the Cure .

Costmary , or Alecost , or Balsom Herb .

THis is so frequently known to be an Inhabitant in almost every G●den , That I suppose it needless to write a Description thereof .

Time . ] It flowreth in June and July .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Jupiter . The ordinary Costmary as well as Maudlin provoketh Urin abundantly , Disury , Womb , Choller , Flegm , putrefaction , Corruption , Obstructions , Quotidian Agues , Stomach , Liver , Head-ach , Rhewm , raw humors , Cachexia , Worms , Ulcers . and moisteneth the hardness of the Mother ; it gently purgeth Choller and Flegm , extenuating that which is gross , and cutting that which is tough and gluttenous , clenseth that which is foul , and hindreth putrifaction and corruption , it dissolveth without Attraction , openeth Obstructions , and healeth their evil effects , and is a wonderful help to all sorts of day Agues . It is astringent to the stomach , and strengtheneth the Liver and al the other inward parts , and taken in Whey , worketh the more effectually . Taken fasting in the morning , it is very profitable for the pains of the Head that are continual , and to stay , dry up , and consume al thin Rhewms , or distillations from the Head into the stomach , and helpeth much to digest raw humors that are gathered therein . It is very profitable for those that are fallen into a continual evil disposition of the whol body called Cachexia , being taken especially in the beginning of the Diseas : It is an especial friend and help to evil , weak , and cold Livers . The Seed is familiarly given to Children for the Worms , and so is the Infusion of the Flowers in white Wine , given them to the quantity of two ounces at a time : It maketh an excellent Salve to cleans and heal old Ulcers , being boyled with Oyl Olive , and Adders Tongue with it : and after it is strained , to put a little Wax , Rozin , and Turpentine to bring it into a convenient Body .

Cudweed , or Cottonweed .

BEsides Cudweed and Cottonweed , it is called Chafweed , Dwarf Cotton and Petty Cotton .

Descript. ] The common Cudweed riseth up but with one Stalk somtime , and somtimes with two or three , thick set on all sides with smal , long , and narrow whitish or wooly Leavs , from the middle of the Stalk almost up to the top ; with every Leaf standeth a smal Flower , of a dun or brownish yellow color , or not so yellow as others : in which Heads after the Flowers are fallen come smal Seed wrapped up with the down therein , and is carried away with the Wind . The Root is smal and threddy .

There are other sorts hereof , which are somwhat lesser than the former , not much different , save only that as the stalk and Leavs are shorter , so the Flowers are palet , and more open ,

Place . ] They grow in dry , barren , sandy , and gravelly Grounds , in most places of this Land .

Time . ] They flower about July , some earlier , some later , and their Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus is Lady of it . The Plants are all astringent , or binding and drying , and therefore profitable for defluxions of Rhewm from the Head , ●ind , dry , Fluxes , Terms ill stopped , Ruptures , Worms , Tenasmus , Woands , Bleeding , Ulcers , Quinsie . and to stay fluxes of Blood whersoever . The Decoction being made into red Wine and drunk , or the Pouder taken therin ; it also helpeth the Bloody Flux , and easeth the torments that come therby , stayeth the immoderate Courses of Women , and is also good for inward or outward Wounds , Hurts , and Bruises , and helpeth Children both of Burstings and the Worms ; and the Diseas called Tenasmus , which is an often provocation to the stool , and doing nothing , being either drunk or injected : The green Leavs bruised and laid to any green wound stayeth the bleeding , and healeth it up quickly : The Decoction or Juyce thereof doth the same , and helpeth al old and filthy Ulcers quickly : The Juyce of the Herb taken in Wine and Milk is ( as Pliny saith ) a Soveraign Remedy against the Mumps and Quinsie ; and further saith , That whosoever shal so take it , shal never be troubled with that Diseas again .

Cowslips , or , Peagles .

BOth the Wild and Garden Cowslips are so wel known , that I wil neither trouble my self nor the Reader with any Description of them .

Time . ] They flower in April and May .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus laies claim to the Herb as her own , and it is under the Sign Aries , and our City Dames know well enough the Oyntment or Distilled Water of it , adds Beauty , or at least restores it when it is lost . The Flowers are held to be more effectual than the Leavs , Spots , Wrinkles , Sunburn . and the Roots of little use . An Oyntment being made with them , taketh away spots , and wrinkles of the Skin , Suburning and Freckles , Head , heat , wind Beauty ads , vertigo , Ephialtes , Convulsion , Cramp , Back , Bladder , Wounds , trembling , Frenzy , Falling-sickness , Palsey . and ads Beauty exceedingly ; They remedy al infirmities of the Head coming of Heat and Wind , as Vertigo , Ephialtes , fals apparitions , Phrensies , Falling-sickness , Palsies , Convulsions , Cramps , Pains in the Nervs : The Roots eas pains in the Back and Bladder , and open the passages of Urin : The Leavs are good in Wounds , and the flowers take away trembling : If the Flowers be not well dried and kept in a warm place , they will soon putrifie and look green , have a special eye over them : if you let them see the Sun once a Month , it wil do neither the Sun nor them harm .

Becaus they strengthen the Brain and Nerves , and remedy Palsies , the Greeks gave them the name Prralisis ; The flowers preserved or conserved , and the quantity of a Nutmeg eaten every morning , is a sufficient Dose , for inward Diseases , but for Wounds , Spots , Wrinkles , and Sunburning , an Oyntment is made of the Leavs and Hogs greas .

Crabs-Claws .

THey are called Water Sengreen , Knights Pondwort , Water Housleek , Wading Pondweed , and Fresh water Soldier .

Description . ] It hath sundry long narrow Leaves with sharp prickles on the edges of them , also very sharp pointed ; the stalks which bear flowers seldom grow so high as the Leavs , bearing a forked head like a Crabs Claw , out of which comes a white flower consisting of three Leavs , with divers yellowish hairy threds in the middle : it taketh Root in the mud in the bottom of the Water .

Place . ] It grows plentifully in the Fens in Linconshire .

Time . ] It flowers in June , and usually from thence till August .

Government and Vertues . ] 't is a Plant under the Dominion of Venus , and therfore a great strengthner of the Reins ; it is excellent good in that Inflamation which is commonly called St. Reins , St. Anthonies Fire , Inflamations and Swellings in Wounds , kidnies bruised pissing blood , Terms stops . Anthonies fire , it asswageth al Inflamations and Swellings in Wounds , and an Oyntment made of it is excellent good to heal them : there is scarce a better Remedy growing than this is , for such as have bruised their Kidnies , and upon that account pissing blood : a drachm of the pouder of the Herb taken every morning is a very good Remedy to stop the Terms .

Back-Cresses .

Descript. ] IT hath long Leavs deeply cut and jagged on both sides not much unlike wild Mustard ; the Stalks be smal , very limber , though very tough , you may twist them round as you may a Willow before they break : The Flowers be very smal and yellow ; after which comes smal Cods which contain the Seed .

Place . ] It is a common Herb , grows usually by the way sides , and somtimes upon mud Wals about London , but it delights most to grow amongst stones and rubbish .

Time . ] It Flowers in June and July , and the Seed is ripe in August and September .

Government and Vertues . ] 't is under the Dominion of Mars , Brain , Rhumes , Lungs , cough yell . Jaund . Sciatica , Inflamations in the Breast and Testicles . and is a Plant of a hot and biting nature : The truth is , the Seed of Banck-Cresses strengthen the Brain exceedingly , being in performing that office little inferior to Mustard Seed , if at al : they are excellent good to stay those Rhewms which fal down from the Head upon the Lungs : You may beat the Seed into pouder if you please , and make it up into an Electuary with Honey , so have you an excellent remedy by you , not only for the premises , but also for the Cough , yellow Jaundice and Sciatica . The Herb boyled into a Pultice , is an excellent Remedy for Inflamations both in Womens Breasts and Mens Testicles .

Sciatica-Cresses .

Descript. ] THese are of two kinds ; The first riseth up with a round Stalk about two foot high , spread into divers Branches , whose lower Leavs are somwhat larger than the uper , yet al of them cut , or torn on the edges , somwhat like Garden-Cresses , but smaller : The flowers are smal and white , growing at the tops of the Branches , where afterwards grow Husks , with small brownish Seed therein , very strong and sharp in tast , more than the Cresses of the Garden : The Root is long , white and woody .

The other hath the lower Leavs whol , somwhat long and broad , not torn at al , but only somwhat deeply dented about the edges towards the ends , but those that grow up higher are lesser . The Flowers and Seed are like the former , and so is the Root likewise : and both Root and Seed as sharp as it .

Place . ] These grow by the way sides in untilled places , and by the sides of old walls .

Time . ] They Flower in the end of June , and their Seed is ripe in July .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Saturnine Plant . The Leavs , but especially the Roots taken fresh in the Summer time , beaten and made into a Pultis or Salve , with old Hogs Greas , and applied to the place pained with the Sciatica , Sciatica , Gout , Headach , Rhewms , Spleen , Scars , Leprosie , Scurf , Scabs . to continue thereon four hours if it be on a Man , and two hours on a Woman ; the place afterwards bathed with Wine and Oyl mixed together , and then wrapped with wool or Skins after they have swet a little , wil assuredly cure not only the same Disease in the Hips , Hucklebone , or other of the Joynts , as the Gout in the Hands or Feet , but all other old Griefs of the Head ( as inveterate Rhewms ) and other parts of the Body that is hard to be cured : And if of the former Griefs any part remain ; the same Medicine after twenty daies is to be applied again . The same is also effectual in the Diseases of the Spleen : and applied to the Skin it taketh away the the blemishes thereof , whether they be Scars , Leprosie , Scabs , or Scurf : which although it exulcerate the part , yet that is to be helped afterwards with a Salve made of Oyl and Wax .

Esteem of this as another Secret .

Water-Cresses .

Descript. ] OUR ordinary Water-Cresses spreadeth forth with many weak , hollow sappy Stalks , shooting out fibres at the Joynts , and upwards , long , winged Leavs , made of sundry broad , sappy , and almost round Leavs , of a brownish green color . The flowers are many and white , standing on long Footstalks , after which come smal yellow Seed , contained in smal long pods like Horns : The whol Plant abideth green in the Winter , and tasteth somwhat hot and sharp .

Place . ] They grow ( for the most part ) in the smal standing Waters , yet somtimes in smal Rivulets of running Water .

Time . ] They Flower and Seed in the beginning of Summer .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb under the Dominion of the Moon . They are more powerful against the Scurvy , and to clense the Blood and Humors than Brooklime is , Scurvy , Blood , humors , stone Disury , terms provokes , Ulcers , frenkls , Pimples , spots , Dulness , Lethargie . and serve in al the other uses in which Brooklime is available , as to break the stone , and provoke Urin , and Womens Courses . The Decoction thereof clenseth Ulcers by washing them therewith . The Leavs bruised , or the Juyce , is good to be applied to the Face , or other parts troubled with Freckles , Pimples , Spots , or the like , at night , and washed away in the morning . The Juyce mixed with Vinegar , and the fore part of the Head bathed therwith , is very good for those that are dull and drousie , or have the Lethargy .

Water-cress Pottage is a good Remedy to clense the Blood in the Spring , and help Headaches , and consume the gross Humors Winter hath left behind , those that would live in health may use it if they please , if they will not I cannot help it : If any fancy not Pottage , they may eat the Herb as a Sallat .

Crosswort .

Descript. ] THe common Crosswort groweth up with square hairy brown Stalks , little above a foot high , having four smal broad and pointed hairy , yet smooth green Leavs , growing at every joynt , each against other , cross waies , which hath caused the name : Toward the tops of the Stalks at the Joynts with the Leavs in three or four rows upwards , stand smal , pale yellow Flowers ; after whith come smal blackish , round Seed , four for the most part set in every Husk . The Root is very smal and full of fibres , or thrids , taking good hold of the ground , and spreading with the Branches a great deal of ground , which perish not in Winter , although the Leavs die every yeer , and spring again anew .

Place . ] It groweth in many moist grounds , as wel Meadows , as untille●… places about London . In Hamsted Church-yard , at Wye in Kent , and sundry other places .

Time . ] It flowreth from May al the Summer long in one place or other as they are more open to the Sun ; the Seed ripeneth soon after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Saturn . Wounds , inward & outward , flegm , Obstructions , Stomach , Bowels , Ruptures . This is a singular good Wound Herb , and is used inwardly , not only to stay bleeding of Wounds , but to consolidate them , as it doth outwardly any green Wounds , which it quickly sodereth up and healeth . The Decoction of the Herb in Wine , helpeth to expectorate flegm out of the Chest , and is good for Obstructions in the Breast , Stomach , or Bowels , and helpeth a decayed Appetite ; It is also good to wash any Wound or Sore with , to clense and heal it : The Herb bruised , and then boyled and applied outwardly for certain daies together , renewing it often , and in the mean time , the Decoction of the Herb in the Wine taken inwardly every day , doth certainly cure the Rupture in any , so as it be not too inveterate ; but very speedily if it be fresh and lately taken .

Crowfoot .

MAny are the Names this furious biting Herb hath obtained , almost enough to make up a Welch-mans Pedegree , if he fetch it no further than John of Gaunt or William the Conquerer , for it is called Frogs-foot , from the Greek Name {αβγδ} , Crowfoot , Gold Knobs , Gold Cups , King Kob , Bassinets , Troll Flower , Polts , Locker Goulons , and Butter-Flowers .

Abundance are the sorts of this Herb , that to describe them all would tire the patience even of Socrates himself ; but because I have not yet attained to the Spirit of Socrates , I shall but describe the most usual .

Descript. ] The most common Crowfoot hath many dark green Leavs cut into divers parts , in tast biting and sharp , biting and blistering the Tongue , it bears many Flowers , and those of a bright resplendent yellow color , I do not remember that ever I saw any thing yellower , Virgins in Ancient time used to make Pouder of them to strew Bride Beds : after which flowers come smal Heads of Seeds , round , but rugged like a Pine Apple .

Place . ] They grow very common every where , unless you run your Head into a Hedg , you cannot but see some of them where ever you walk .

Time . ] They flower in May and June , even til September .

Government and Vertues . ] This fiery and hot spirited Herb of Mars is no way fit to be given inwardly , but an Oyntment of the Leavs or flowers wil draw a Blister , and may so be fitting applied to the nape of the Neck to draw back Rhewm from the Eyes : the Herb being bruised and mixed with a little Mustard , draws a Blister as well and as perfectly as Cantharides , and with far less danger to the Vessels of Urin , which Canthari●es naturally delight to wrong ; I knew the Herb once applied to a Pestilential rising that was falling down , and it saved life even beyond hope ; it were good keeping an Oyntment and Plaister of it if it were but for that .

Cuckowpint .

IT is called Aron , Jarus , and Barba-aron , Calves-foot , Ramp , Starchwort , Cuckoo-pintle , Priest-pintle , and Wake-robin .

Descript. ] This shooteth forth three , four , or five Leavs at the most , from one Root , every one whereof is somwhat large and long , broad at the bottom next the Stalk , and forked , but ending in a point , without cut on the edges , of a full green color , each standing upon a thick round stalk , of a hands breadth long , or more : among which after two or three months that they begin to wither , riseth up a bare , round , whitish green stalk , spot●ed and straked with-purple , somwhat higher than the Leavs : at the top whereof standeth a long hollow Hose or Husk , close at the bottom , but open from the middle upwards ending in a point ; in the middle whereof standeth a smal long Pestle or Clapper , smaller at the bottom than at the top , of a dark purple color as the Husk is on the inside , though green without ; which after it hath so abidden for some time , the Husk with the Clapper decayeth , and the foot or bottom thereof groweth to be a smal long Bunch of Berries , green at the first , and of a yellowish red color when they are ripe , of the bigness of an Hazel Nut Kernel ; which abideth thereon almost until Winter ; The Root is round and somwhat long , for the most part lying along , the Leavs shooting forth at the bigger end , which when it beareth his Berries is somwhat wrinkled and loos , another growing under it , which is so solid and firmwith many smal thrids hanging thereat : The whol Plant is of a very sharp biting tast , pricking the Tongue as Nettles do the Hands , and so abideth for a great while without alteration : The Root hereof was anciently used instead of Starch , to starch Linnen withal .

There is another sort of Cuckoopint , with lesser Leavs than the former , and somwhat harder , having blackish spots upon them , which for the most part abide longer green in Summer than the former ; and both Leavs and Roots are more sharp and fierce than it : In all things else it is like the former .

Place . ] These two sorts grow frequently-almost under every Hedg sid●●n many places of this Land .

Time . ] They shoot forth Leavs in the Spring , and continue but until the middle of Summer , or somwhat later , their Husks appearing before they fall away ; and their fruit shewing in August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mars . Tragus reporteth that a dram weight , or more if need be , of the spotted Wake-Robin , either fresh and green , or dried , being beaten and taken , is a most present and sure Remedy for Poyson and the Plague . Poyson , Plague , Boyl , Difficulty , of breath , Cough , The Juyce of the Herb taken to the quantity of a spoonful hath the same effect . But if there be a little Vinegar added thereunto as wel as unto the Root aforesaid , it somwhat allayeth the sharp biting tast thereof upon the Tongue . The green Leavs bruised , and laid upon any boyl or Plague-sore , doth wonderfully help to draw forth the Poyson : A dram of the Pouder of the dried Root taken with twice so much Sugar in the form of a licking Electuary , or the green Root doth wonderfully help those that are pursie and short winded , as also those that have a Cough ; it breaketh , digesteth , and riddeth away Flegm from the Stomach , Flegm , Disury , Terms , provokes , Afterbirth Ulcers , Itch , Ruptures , Polipus , Eyes , Throat , Jaws , Gout , Piles , or Hemorrhoids , Fundament falling down , Scurf , Freckles , Spots , Blemishes . Chest , and Lungs . The Milk wherein the Root hath been boiled is effectual also for the same purpose . The said Pouder taken in Wine or other Drink ; or the Juyce of the Berries , or the Pouder of them , or the Wine wherein they have been boyled , provoketh Urine , and bringeth down Womens Courses , and purgeth them effectually after Child-bearing to bring away the After-birth . Taken with Sheeps Milk it healeth the inward Ulcers of the Bowels . The distilled Water hereof is effectual to al the purposes aforesaid ; A spoonful taken at a time healeth the Itch ; and an ounce or more taken at a time for some daies together doth help the Rupture : The Leavs either green or dry , or the Juyce of them , doth clense al manner of rotten and filthy Ulcers in what part of the Body soever , and healeth the stinking sores in the Nose called Polipus . The Water wherein the Root hath been boyled dropped into the Eyes , clenseth them from any Film or Skin , Clouds or Mists which begin to hinder the Sight , and helpeth the watering or redness of them ; or when by some chance they become black and blue . The Root mixed with Bean Flower and applied to the Throat or Jaws that are inflamed , helpeth them . The Juyce of the Berries , boyled in Oyl of Roses , or beaten into Pouder and mixed with the Oyl , and dropped into the Ears , easeth pains in them . The Berries or the Roots beaten with hot Ox Dung , and applied , easeth the pains of the Gout . The Leavs and Roots boyled in Wine with a little Oyl , and applied to the Piles , or the falling down of the Fundament easeth them ; and so doth sitting over the hot fumes thereof . The fresh Roots bruised , and distilled with a little Milk , yieldeth a most Soveraign Water to clense the Skin fro● Scurf , Freckles , Spots , or Blemishes whatsoever therein .

Authors have left large Commendation of this Herb you see , but for my part I have neither spoken with Dr. Reason nor Dr. Experience about it .

Cucumers , Or , ( according to the pronounciation of the vulgar ) Cowcumbers .

Government & Vertues . ] THere is no dispute to be made , but that they are under the Dominion of the Moon , and though they are so much cryed out against for their coldness , and that if they were but one degree colder they would be Poyson , Stomach het , Liver hot , Humors raw , Skin clenseth , Hot Rhewms in the Eyes , provokes Urin , and clense the Passages , Ulcers in the Bladder , Red Face , Sunburning , Freckles , Morphew . the best of Galenists hold them but to be cold and moist in the second degree , and then not so hot as either Lettice or Purslain : They are excellent good for hot Stomachs and hot Livers ; the unmeasurable use of them fils the Body ful of raw humors , and so indeed the unmeasurable use of any thing else do harm : The Juyce of Cucumers , the Face being washed with it , clenseth the Skin , and is excellent good for hot Rhewms in the Eyes ; the Seed is excellent to provoke Urine , and clense the passages thereof when they are stopped ; neither do I think there is a better Remedy for Ulcers in the Bladder growing than Cucumers are : The usual course is to use the Seeds in Emultions , as they make Almond Milk ; but a better way far ( in my opinion ) is this , when the season of the yeer is , To take the Cucumers and bruise them well , and distil the Water from them , and let such as are troubled with Ulcers in their Bladders drink no other drink ; The Face being washed with the same Water , cureth the reddest face that is ; it is also excellent good for Sunburning , Freckles , and Morphew .

Daisies .

THese are so well known to almost every Child , that I suppose it is altogether needless to write any Description of them . Take therefore the Vertues of them as followeth .

Government and Vertues . ] The Herb is under the Sign Cancer , and under the Dominion of Venus , and therfore excellent good for wounds in the Breast , and very fitting to be kept both in Oyls , Oyntments , and Plaisters , as also in Syrup . The greater wild Daisie is a Wound Herb of good respect , often used in those Drinks or Salves that are for Wounds , Wounds , inward & outward , Choller , Liver , Breast , Ulcers , Swellings , Kernels , Bruises , Falls , Ruptures , Burnings , Inflamations . either inward or outward . The Juyce or Distilled Water of these , or the smal Daisies , doth much temper the heat of Choller , and refresheth the Liver , and other inward parts . A Decoction made of them and drunk , helpeth to cure the Wounds made in the hollowness of the Breast : The same also cureth all Ulcers and Pustles in the Mouth or Tongue , or in the secret parts . The Leavs bruised and applied to the Cods , or to any other parts that are swollen and hot , doth desolve it and temper the heat : A Decoction made hereof with Walwort and Agrimony , and the places fomented or bathed therewith warm , giveth great ease to them that are troubled with the Palsey , Sciatica , or the Gout : The same also disperseth and dissolveth the Knots or Kernels that grow in the Flesh of any part of the Body , and the Bruises and Hurts that come of Fals and Blows : They are also used for Ruptures , and other inward Burnings with very good success . An Oyntment made hereof doth wonderfully help all Wounds that have Inflamations about them , or by reason of moist humors having access unto them , are kept long from healing , and such are those for the most part that happen in the Joynts of the Arms or Legs . The Juyce of them dropped into the running Eyes of any doth much help them .

Dandelyon , vulgarly called Piss-a-beds .

Descript. ] THis is so wel known to have many long and deeply gashed Leavs lying on the ground , round about the Head of the Root ; the ends of each gash or jag on both sides , looking downwards towards the Root , the middle rib being white , which broken , yieldeth abundance of bitter Milk , but the Root much more : from among the Leavs which alwaies abide green , arise many slender , weak , naked footstalks , every one of them bearing at the top one large yellow Flower , consisting of many rows of yellow Leavs , broad at the points , and nicked in , with a deep spot of yellow in the middle , which growing ripe , the green Husk wherein the Flower stood , turneth it self down to the Stalk , and the head of Down becometh as round as a Ball , with long reddish Seed underneath , bearing a part of the Down on the Head of every one , which together is blown away with the wind , or may be at once blown away with ones mouth . The Root groweth downwards exceeding deep , which being broken off within the ground , wil notwithstanding shoot forth again ; and wil hardly be destroyed where it hath once taken deep Root in the ground .

Place . ] It groweth frequent in al Meadows and Pasture grounds .

Time . ] It Flowreth in one place or other almost al the yeer long .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Jupiter . It is of an opening and clensing quality , and therfore very effectual for the Obstructions of the Liver , Openeth , Clenseth , Obstructions , Liver , Gall , Spleen , Jaundice , hypochondrical , Melancholly , Disury , Consumption , Cachexia , Watching , heat , ague , Pestilence . Gall , and Spleen , and the Diseases that arise from them , as the Jaundice , and Hypochondrical passion : It wonderfully openeth the passages of the Urin both in yong and old : It powerfully clenseth Aposthumes , and inward in the Uritory Passages , and by the drying and temperate quality doth aftewards heal them ; for which purpose the Decoction of the Roots or Leavs in white Wine , or the Leavs chopped as Potherbs with a few Allisanders , and boyled in their broth , is very effectual . And whoso is drawing towards a consumption , or an evil disposition of the whol Body called Cachexia , by the use hereof for some time together shal find a wonderful help : It helpeth also to procure rest and sleep to Bodies distempered by the heat of Ague Fits , or otherwise . The distilled Water is effectual to drink in Pestilential Feavers , and to wash the Sores .

You see here what Vertues this common Herb hath , and that 's the reason the French & Dutch so often eat them in the Spring ; and now if you look a little further you may see plainly without a pair of Spectacles , that Forraign Physitians are not so selfish as our are but more communicative of the Vertues of Plants to People .

Darnel .

IT is also called Juray , and Wray ; in Sussex they call it Crop , it being a pestilent Enemy amongst Corn .

Descript. ] This hath all the Winter long , sundry long , fat , and rough Leavs , which when the Stalk riseth , which is slender and joynted , are narrower , but rough stil ; on the top groweth a long spik , composed of many Heads , set one above another , containing two or three Husks with sharp , but short Beards or awns at the ends ; the Seed is easily shaked out of the Ear , the Husk it self being somwhat tough .

Place . ] The Country Husbandmen do know this too wel to grow among their Corn : or in the Borders and Pathwaies of other Fields that are fallow .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a malitious Plant of sullen Saturn . As it is not without some Vices , so hath it also many Vertues . The Meal of Darnel is very good to stay Gangreans , Gangrenes Cankers , Leprosie , Morphew , Ringworms , Sciatica , Thorns , Splinters , broken Bones , Diabets . and other such like fretting and eating Cankers , and putrid Sores : It also clenseth the Skin of al leprosies , Morphews , Ringworms , and the like , if it be used with Salt and Rhadish Roots . And being used with quick Brimstone and Vinegar , it dissolveth Knots and Kernels , and breaketh those that are hard to be dissolved , being boyled in Wine with Pidgeons Dung and Linseed : A Decoction therof made with Water and Honey , and the place bathed therwith , is profitable for the Sciatica . Darnel Meal applied in a Pultiss , draweth forth Splinters and broken Bones in the Flesh : The red Darnel boyled in red Wine and taken , stayeth the Lask and al other fluxes , and Womens bloody Issues ; and restraineth Urin that passeth away too suddenly .

Dill .

Descript. ] THe common Dill groweth up with seldom more than one Stalk , neither so high , nor so great usually as Fennel , being round , and with fewer Joynts thereon , whose Leavs are sadder , and somwhat long , and so like Fennel that it deceiveth many , but harder in handling and somwhat thicker , and of a stronger unpleasanter scent : The tops of the Stalks have four Branches and smaller Umbels of yellow flowers , which turn into smal Seed somwhat flatter and thinner than Fennel Seed . The Root is somwhat smal and woody , perishing every yeer after it hath born Seed ; and is also unprofitable , being never put to any use .

Place . ] It is most usually sown in Gardens , and grounds for the purpose , and is also found wild with us in some places .

Government and Vertues . ] Mercury hath the Dominion of the Plant , and therfore to be sure it strengthens the Brain . The Dill being boyled and drunk is good to eas Swellings and pains , Swellings , Pains , Loosness , Vomiting , Mother , Hiccough , Raw humors , Wind , Apostums , Ulcers , Terms provokes . it also stayeth the Belly , and Stomach from casting : The Decoction thereof helpeth Women that are troubled with the pains and windiness of the Mother , if they sit therin . It stayeth the Hiccough , being boyled in Wine , and but smelled unto , being tied in a cloth . The Seed is of more use than the Leavs , and more effectual to digest raw and viscuous humors , and is used in Medicines that serve to expel wind and the pains proceeding there ; from . The Seed being toasted or fried , and used in Oyls or Plaisters , dissolveth the Imposthumes in the Fundament , and drieth up all moist Ulcers ( especially in the secret parts . ) The Oyl made of Dill is effectual to warm , to resolve Humors and Imposthums , to eas pains and to procure rest . The Decoction of Dill be it Herb or Seed ( only if boyl the Seed you must bruise it ) in white Wine , being drunk is a gallant expeller of Wind and provoker of the Terms .

Devils-bit .

Descript. ] THis riseth up with a round , green , smooth stalk , about two foot high , set with divers long , and somwhat narrow , smooth , dark , green Leavs , somwhat snip'd about the edges for the most part , being els al whol and not divided at al , or but very seldom , even to the tops of the Branches which yet are smaller than those below , with one Rib only in the middle : At the end of each Branch standeth a round Head of many Flowers set together in the same manner or more neatly than the Scabious , and of a more blewish purple color ; which being past there followeth Seed that falleth away . The Root is somwhat thick , but short and blackish with many strings , A Learned Tale that cost a dull Fryar seven yeers study . abiding after Seed time many yeers . This Root was longer until the Devil ( as the Fryars say ) bit away the rest of it for spight , envying its usefulness unto Mankind . For-sure he was not troubled with any Diseas for which it is proper .

There are two other sorts hereof , in nothing unlike the former , save that the one beareth white , and the other Blush color'd Flowers .

Place . ] The first groweth as wel in dry Meadows and Fields , as moist , in many places of this Land : But the other two are more rare , and hard to meet with , yet they are both found growing wild about Appledore , neer Rye in Kent .

Time . ] They flower not usually until August .

Government and Vertues . ] The Plant is Venerial , pleasing and harmless .

The Herb or Root ( al that the Devil hath left of it ) being boyled in Wine and drunk is very powerful against the Plague , Pestilence , Feavers , Poyson , Venemous Beasts , Bruises , Fals , Clotted Blood , Swellings of the Throat , Mother , Wind , Worms , Wounds Scurf , Itch , Dandrif , Pimples , Freckles , Morphew . and al Pestilential Diseases or Feavers , Poysons also and the bitings of Venemous Beasts : It also helpeth those that are inwardly bruised by any casualty , or outwardly by fals or blows , dissolving the clotted blood : and the Herb or Root beaten and outwardly applied , taketh away the black and blue Marks that remain in the Skin . The Decoction of the Herb , with Honey of Roses put therein is very effectual to help the inveterate tumors and swellings of the Almonds and Throat , by often gargling the Mouth therwith . It helpeth also to procure Womens Courses , and easeth all pains of the Mother , and to break and discuss Winds therin and in the Bowels . The Pouder of the Root taken in Drink , driveth forth the Worms in the Body : The Juyce or distilled Water of the Herb is effectual for green Wounds , or old Sores , and clenseth the Body inwardly , and the Seed outwardly , from Sores , Scurf , Itches , Pimples , Freckles , Morphew , or other deformities thereof , but especially if a little Vitriol be dissolved therein .

Dock .

THese are so wel known many kinds of them , that I shal not trouble you with a Description of them ; my Book grows big too fast .

Government and Vertues . ] All Docks are under Jupiter ; of which the red Dock which is commonly called Bloodwort , Clense the Blood , strengthens the Liver , clenseth the Blood , and strengtheneth the Liver ; but the yellow Dock Root is best to be taken when either the Blood or Liver is afflicted by Choller . All of them have a kind of cooling ( but not all alike ) drying quality , the Sorrels being most cold , and the Bloodworts most drying : Flux , Loathing of Meat , Spitting Blood , Scabs , Itch , Freckles , Morphew . Of the Bur-Dock I have spoken already by himself . The Seed of most of the other kinds whether of the Garden or Field , do stay Lasks or Fluxes of al sorts , the loathings of the stomach through Choller , and is helpful to those that spit Blood . The Roots boyled in Vinegar helpeth the Itch , Scabs , and breakings out of the Skin , if it be bathed therewith . The Distilled Water of the Herb and Roots hath the same Vertue , and clenseth the Skin of Freckles , Morphews , and al other Spots and Discolorings therein .

Al Docks being boyled with meat , make it boyled the sooner : Beside Bloodwort is exceeding strengthening to the Liver , and procures good Blood , being as wholsom a Pot Herb as any grows in a Garden , yet such is the nicity of our times forsooth , that Women wil not put it in the Pot because it makes the Portage black , Pride and Ignorance ( a couple of Monsters in the Creation ) preferring Nicity before Health .

Dodder of Time , or Epithimum , and other Dodders .

Descript. ] THis first from Seeds giveth Roots in the ground , which shooteth forth thrids or strings , grosser or finer , as the property of the Plant wherein it groweth , and the Climate doth suffer , creeping and spreading on that Plant whereon it fastneth , be it high or low . These strings have no Leavs at all upon them , but wind and interlace themselvs so thick upon a smal Plant that it taketh away all comfort of the Sun from it , and is ready to choak , or strangle it : After these strings are risen up to that height that they may draw Nourishment from the Plant , they seem to be broken off from the ground , either by the strength of their rising , or withered by the heat of the Sun. Upon these strings are found clusters of smal Heads or Husks , out of which start forth whitish Flowers , which afrerwards give smal pale color'd Seed somwhat flat , and twice as big as Poppy seed . It generally participates of the Nature of that Plant which it climbeth upon , but the Dodder of Time is accounted the best , and is the only true Epithimum .

Government and Vertues . ] Al Dodders are under Saturn , Tel not me of Physitians crying up Epithimum , or that Dodder which grows upon Time ( most of which comes from Hymettus in Greece , or Hibla in Sicilia , because those Mountains abound with Time ) he is a Physitian indeed that hath wit enough to chuse his Dodder according to the nature of the Diseas , and Humor peccant : We confess , Time is the hottest Herb it usually grows upon , and therfore that which grows upon Time is hotter than that which grows upon colder Herbs , for it draws Nourishment fromwhat it grows upon as wel as from the Earth wher its Root is ; & thus you see old Saturn wise enough to have two strings to his Bow . This is accounted the most effectual for Melanchollick Diseases , Melancholly , Addust Choller , trembling , fainting , Swooning , Spleen , Hypochondria , Obstructions , Gall , Jaundice , Liver , and to purge black or burnt Choller , which is the caus of many Diseases of the Head and Brains , as also for the trembling of the Heart , faintings , and swoonings . It is helpful in al Diseases and Griefs of the Spleen , and of that Melancholly that ariseth from the windiness of the Hypochondria . It purgeth also the Reins or Kidnies by Urin . It openeth Obstructions of the Gall , wherby it profiteth them that have the Jaundice ; as also of the Liver and Spleen ; purging the Veins of Chollerick and Flegmatick Humors , and helpeth Childrens Agues , a little Wormseed being put thereto .

The other Dodders do ( as I said before ) participate of the Nature of those Plants whereon they grow : As that which hath been found growing upon Nettles in the West Country , hath by experience been found very effectual to procure plenty of Urin , Disury . where it hath been stopped or hindred . And so of the rest .

Sympathy and Antipathy , are the two Hinges upon which the whol Model of Physick turns , and that Physitian which minds them not is like a Door off from the Hooks , more likely to do a man a mischief than to secure him : then al the Diseases Saturn causeth , this helps by Sympathy , and strengthens al the parts of the Body he rules : Such as caused by Sol it helps by Antipathy : what those Diseases are , see my Judgment of Diseases by Astrology , and you be pleased to look the Herb Wormwood , you shal find a Rational way for it .

Dogs-Grass , Quich-Grass , Or , Couch-Grass .

Descript. ] IT is well known that this Grass creepeth far about under ground with long white joynted Roots , and smal fibres almost at every Joynt very sweet in tast , as the rest of the Herb is , and interlacing one another , from whence shoot forth many fair long grassy Leavs . smal at the ends , and cutting or sharp on the edges . The Stalks are joynted l●ke Corn with the like Leavs on them , and a long spiked Head with long H●●ks on them , and hard rough Seed in them . If you know it not by this Description , watch the Dogs when they are sick , and they will quickly lead you to it .

Place . ] It groweth commonly through this Land in divers ploughed grounds , to the no smal trouble to the Husbandman , as also of the Gardiners in Gardens to weed it out if they can , for it is a constant Customer to the place it gets footing in .

Government and Vertues . ] 't is a gentle Remedy under the Dominion of Jupiter . This is the most Medicinable of al the Quich-grasses : Being boyled and drunk , it openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Gall , Liver , Gall , Disury , Griping , Inflamation , Ulcers in the Bladder , Wounds , Vomiting , Worms , Stopping . and the stoppings of the Urin , and easeth the griping pains of the Belly , and Inflamations ; wasteth the matter of the stone in the Bladder , and the Ulcers therof also : The Roots bruised and applied doth consolidate Wounds : The Seed doth more powerfully expel Urin , and stayeth the Lask , and Vomitings : The distilled Water alone , or with a little Wormseed killeth the Worms in Children .

The way of use is to bruise the Roots , and having wel boyled them in white Wine , drink the Decoction ; 't is opening , but not purging very safe ; 't is a Remedy against al Diseases coming of stopping , & such are half those which are incident to the Body of man ; and although a Gardiner be of another opinion , yet a Physitian holds half an Acre of them to be worth five Acres of Carrots twice told over .

Dovesfoot , or Cranesbil .

Descript. ] THis hath divers smal , round , pale , green Leavs , cut in about the edges , much like Mallows , standing upon long , reddish hairy stalks lying in a round compass upon the ground ; among which rise up two or three , or more , reddish , joynted , slender , weak , and hairy Stalks , with some such like Leavs thereon , but smaller , and more cut in up to the tops , where grow many very smal , bright , red Flowers of five Leavs apiece ; after which follow smal Heads , with smal short beaks pointing forth , as all other sorts of these Herbs do .

Place . ] It groweth in Pasture grounds , and by the Path sides in many places , and wil also be in Gardens .

Time . ] It flowreth in June , July , and August , some earlier , and some later , and the Seed is ripe quickly afte● .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a very gentle , though Martial Plant : It is found by experience to be singular good for the Wind Chollick , Chollick , stone , Gravel , Wounds , Congealed Blood , Sores , Ulcers , Fistulaes , Gout , Sinews , Ruptures . and pains thereof , as also to expel the stone and gravel in the Kidnies . The Decoction thereof in Wine is an exceeding good wound Drink for those that have inward Wounds , Hurts , or Bruises , both to stay the Bleeding , to dissolve and expel the congealed Blood , and to heal the parts , as also to clense and heal outward Sores , Ulcers , and Fistulaes ; and for green Wounds many do but bruise the Herb , and apply it to the place , and it healeth them quickly . The same Decoction in Wine fomented to any place pained with the Gout , or to Joynt-aches , or pain of the Sinews giveth much ease . The Pouder , or Decoction of the Herb taken for some time together , is found by experience to be singular good for Ruptures , and Burstings in People , either yong or old .

Ducks-meat .

THis is so wel known to swim on the top of standing Waters , as Ponds , Pools , and Ditches , that it is needless further to describe it .

Government and Vertues . ] Cancer claims the Herb , and the Moon wil be Lady of it ; a word is enough to a wise man . It is effectual to help Inflamations , Inflamations , St. Anthonies fire , pestilence , Eyes , Swellings of the Cods , Head-ach . and St. Anthonies fire , as also the Gout , either applied by it self , or in a Pultis with Barly Meal . The distilled Water hereof is by some highly esteemed , against al inward Inflamations , and Pestilent Feavers ; as also to help the redness of the Eyes , the Swellings of the Cods , and of the Breasts before they be grown too much . The fresh Herb applied to the Forehead , easeth the Pains of the Head-ach coming of heat .

Down , or Cotton-Thistle .

Descript. ] THis hath many large Leavs lying on the ground , somwhat cut in , and as it were crumpled on the edges , of a green color on the uper side , but covered with a long hairy wool , or Cottony Down , set with most sharp , and cruel pricks ; from the middle of whose Heads of Flowers , thrust forth many purplish , crimson Treds , and somtimes ( although more seldom ) white ones . The Seed that followeth in these Heads , lying in a great deal of fine white Down is somwhat large , long , and round , like the Seed of Ladies Thistle , but somwhat paler . The Root is great and thick , spreading much , yet it usually dieth after Seed time .

Place . ] It groweth on divers Ditches Banks , and in the Corn Fields , and High-waies generally every where throughout the Land .

Time . ] It Flowreth and beareth Seed about the end of Summer , when other Thistles do Flower and Seed .

Government and Vertues . ] Mars owns the Plant , and manifests to the World , That though it may hurt your Fingers it wil help your Body , for I fancy it much for these ensuing Vertues . Pliny and Dioscorides write , That the Leavs and Roots hereof taken in Drink , helpeth those that have a Crick in their Neck , ●ry Neck , whereby they cannot turn their Neck but their whol Body must turn also ( sure they do not mean those that have got a Crick in their Neck by being under the Hangmans hands . ) Galen saith that the Root and Leavs hereof are of an heating quality , and good for such persons as have their Bodies drawn together by some Spasme or Convulsion ; Spasmus , convulsion Rickets . as it is with Children that have the Rickets , or rather ( as the Colledg of Physitians wil have it ) the Rachites , for which name for the Disease , they have ( in a particular Treatise lately set forth by them ) Learnedly Disputed , and put forth to the publick view , that the World may see they took much pains to little purpose .

Dragons .

THey are so wel known to every one that plants them in their Gardens , they need no Description ; if not , let them look down towards the lower end of the stalk , and see how like a Snake they look .

Government and Vertues . ] The Plant is under the Dominion of Mars , and therefroe it would be a wonder if it should want some obnoxious quality or other : in al Herbs of that quality , the safest way is either to distil the Herb in an Alembick , in what Vehecle you please , or else to press out the Juyce , and Distil that in a Glass Stil in Sand , it scoureth and clenseth the internal parts of the Body mightily , Scoureth , Clenseth , freekles , Morphew , Sunburning , Wounds , ulcers , Cankers , Polipus , spots in the Eyes , Pin and Web , sight helpeth , Pestilence , poyson , Venemous Beasts , and so it doth the external parts also , being externally applied from Freckles , Morphew , and Sunburning : your best way to use it externally , is to mix it with Vinegar : an Oyntment of it is held to be good in Wounds and Ulcers , it consumes Cankers , and that flesh growing in the Nostrils , which they call Polipus . Also the distilled Water being dropped into the Eyes , takes away spots there , as also Pin and Web , and amends the dimness of sight ; it is excellent good against the Pestilence and Poysons . Pliny and Dioscrides affirm that no Serpent will meddle with him that carries this Herb about him .

The Elder-Tree .

I Hold it needless to write any Description of this , sith every Boy that plaies with a Potgun , wil not mistake another Tree instead of Elder . I shal therfore in this place only describe the Dwarf Elder , called also Danewort , and Wal-wort .

The Dwarf Elder .

Descript. ] THis is but an Herb , every yeer dying with his Stalks to the ground , and rising again afresh every Spring ; and is like unto the Elders both in form and quality , rising up with a four square rough hairy Stalk , four foot high , or more somtimes . The winged Leavs are somwhat narrower than the Elder , but els very like them . The Flowers are white with a dash of purple , standing in Umbels , very like the Elder also , but more sweet in scent , after which come smal blackish Berries , full of juyce while they are fresh , wherein there lie smal hard Kernels or Seed . The Root doth creep under the uper crust of the ground , springing afresh in divers places being of the bigness of ones finger or thumb somtimes .

Place . ] The Elder Tree groweth in Hedges , being planted there to strengthen the Fences , and Partitions of Grounds , and to hold up the Banks by Ditches , and Water-courses .

The Dwarf Elder groweth wild in many places of England , where being once gotten into a ground it is not easily gotten forth again .

Times . ] Most of the Elder Trees Flower in June , and their Fruit is ripe for the most part in August .

But the Dwarf Elder , or Walwort flowreth somwhat later , and his fruit is not ripe until September .

Government and Vertues . ] Both Elder and Dwarf Elder are under the Dominion of Venus . The first Shoots of the common Elder boyled like Asparagus , and the yong Leavs and Stalks boyled in fat Broth , doth mightily carry forth Flegm and Choller . Flegm , Coller , Dropsie , Venemous Beasts , mad dogs , Terms , provokes , Inflamation , Brain , Ears , Urin provokes , Sunburning , Freckles , morphew , Headach , Ulcers , Palsey . The middle or inward Bark boyled in Water , and given to drink , worketh much more violently ; and the Berries either green or dry , expel the same Humors , and is often given with good success to help the Dropsie . The Bark of the Root boyled in Wine , or the Juyce therof drunk , worketh the same effects , but more powerfully than either the Leavs or Fruit . The Juyce of the Root taken doth mightily provoke Vomit , and purgeth the watry humors of the Dropsie . The Decoction of the Root taken , cureth the biting of the Adder , and biting of mad dogs ; it mollifieth the hardness of the Mother , if Women sit therin , and openeth the Veins , and bringeth down their Courses : The Berries boyled in Wine performeth the same effect ; and the hair of the Head washed therewiih is made black . The Juyce of the green Leavs applied to the hot inflamations of the Eyes , asswageth them . The Juyce of the Leavs snuffed up into the Nostrils , purgeth the Tunicles of the Brain . The Juyce of the Berries boyled with a little Honey , and dropped into the Ears , helpeth the pains of them . The Decoction of the Berries in Wine being drunk provoketh Urin . The distilled Water of the Flowers is of much use to cleer the Skin from Sunburning , Freckles , Morphew , or the like ; and taketh away Headaches coming of a cold cause , the Head being bathed therwith . The Leavs or Flowers distilled in the Month of May , and the Legs often washed with the said distilled Water it taketh away the Ulcers and Sores of them : The Eyes washed therwith , it taketh away the redness and Bloodshot : And the Hands washed morning and evening therewith , helpeth the Palsey , and shaking of them .

The Dwarf Elder is more powerful than the Common Elder , Gout , Inflamation , Burning , Scalding , Chollick , Stone , Disury . in opening and purging Choller , Flegm , and Water , in helping the Gout , Piles , and Womens Diseases , coloreth the hair black , helpeth inflamation in the Eyes , and pains in the Ears , the biting of Serpents , or a mad dog , Burnings and Scaldings , the wind Chollick , Chollick and Stone , the difficulty of Urin , the cure of old Sores , and Fistulous Ulcers .

Either Leavs or Bark of Elder stripped upwards as you gather it , causeth Vomiting , but stripped downward , it purgeth downwards . Also Dr. Butler in a Manuscript of his commend Dwarf Elder to the Sky for Dropsies , viz. To drink it being boyled in white Wine , to drink the Decoction I mean , not the Elder .

The Elm Tree .

THis Tree is so wel known , growing generally in al Countries of this Land ; that it is needless to describe it .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a cold and Saturnine Plant , The Leavs hereof bruised , and applied , healeth green wounds being bound thereon with its own Bark : Wounds , Scurf , Leprosie . Beauty , Ruptures , Swillings , Baldness , Gout , burning . The Leavs or the Bark used with Vinegar , cureth Scurf , and Leprosy very effectually : The Decoction of the Leavs , Bark , or Root , being bathed , healeth broken Bones . The Water that is found in the Bladders on the Leavs , while it is fresh , is very effectual to clense the Skin and make it fair : and if cloaths be often wet therein , and applied to the Ruptures of Children it helpeth them , if they be after wel bound up with a Truss . The said Water put into a glass , and set in the Ground , or els in Dung for twenty five daies , the mouth therof being close stopped ; and the bottom set upon a lay of ordinary Salt , that the Feces may settle and Water become very cleer , is a singular and Soveraign Balm for green Wounds , being used with soft tents : The Decoction of the Bark of the Root fomented mollifieth hard tumors , and the shrinking of the Sinews . The Roots of the Elm boyled for a long time in Water , and the fat rising on the top thereof being clean scummed off , and the place anointed therewith that is grown bald , and the Hair fallen away , wil quickly restore them again . The said Bark ground with Brine and Pickle , until it come to the form of a Pultis , and laid on the place pained with the Gout , giveth great eas . The Decoction of the Bark in Water is excellent to bath such places as have been burned with fire .

Endive .

Descript. ] THe common Garden Endive beareth a longer and a larger Leaf than Succory , and abideth but one yeer , quickly running up to Stalk and Seed , and then perisheth : It hath blue Flowers , and the Seed of the ordinary Endive is so like Succory Seed , that it is hard to distinguish them .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a fine cooling , clensing Jovial Plant . The Decoction of the Leavs , or the Juyce , or the distilled Water of Endive serveth wel to cool the excessive heat in the Liver and Stomach , Liver , Stomach , Agues , Sarpness of Urine , and Excoriations thereby , Passion of the heart , Ulcers , Swellings , Eyes , gout . and in the hot fits of Agues , and al other Inflamations in any part of the Body ; it cooleth the heat and sharpness of the Urine , the Excoriations in the Uritory parts : The Seed is of the same property or rather more powerful , and besides is available for the faintings , swoonings , and passions of the Heart . Outwardly applied they serve to temper the sharp Humors of fretting Ulcers , hot Tumors and Swellings , and Pestilential sores ; and wonderfully helpeth not only the redness and inflamation in the Eyes , but the dimness of the Sight also : They are also used to allay the pains of the Gout .

You cannot use it amiss ; a Syrup of it is a fine cooling Medicine for Feavers , See the end of this Book , and the Eng. Disp .

Elecampane .

Descript. ] THis shooteth forth many large Leavs , long , and broad , lying neer the ground , smal at both ends , somwhat soft in handling , of a whitish green on the uper side , and gray underneath , each set upon a short footstalk ; from among which rise up divers great , and strong hairy stalks , three or four foot high , with some Leavs thereupon compassing them about at the lower ends , and are branched toward the tops , bearing divers great and large Flowers like those of the Corn Marigold , both the Border of Leavs and the middle thrum being yellow , which turn into Down , with long , smal , brownish Seed among it , and is carried away with the wind . The Root is great and thick , branched forth divers waies , blackish on the outside , and white within , of a very bitter tast , and strong , but good scent , especially when they are dried , no part else of the Plant having any smel .

Place . ] It groweth in the moist Grounds , and shadowy place , oftner than in the dry and open Borders of Fields and Lanes , and in other wast places almost in every Country of this Land .

Time . ] It flowreth in the end of June and July , and the Seed is ripe in August : The Roots are gathered for use , as wel in the Spring before the Leavs come forth as in Autumn or Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Plant under the Dominion of Mercury . The fresh Roots of Elecampane preserved with Sugar , or made into a Syrup or Conserve , are very effectual to warm a cold and windy Stomach , Cold stomach , Wind , Stitch , Spleen , Cough , Shortness of breath , Wheesing , Terms provokes , Mother , Stone , poyson , venemous Beasts , Pestilence , Eyes , Worms , loos teeth , spitting Blood , Cramps , Convulsions , Gout , Joynts , Itch , Cankers , Freckles , Morphew , Spots . or the pricking therein , and Stitches in the sides caused by the Spleen ; and to help the Cough , shortness of breath , and wheesing in the Lungs . The dried Root made into Pouder , and mixed with Sugar and taken , serveth to the same purposes , and is also profitable for those that have their Urin stopped ; or the stopping of Womens Courses , the pains of the Mother , and of the Stone in the Reins , Kidnies , or Bladder : It resisteth Poyson , and stayeth the spreading of the Venom of Serpents , as also of putrid and Pestilential Feavers , and the Plague it self . The Roots and Herb beaten and put into new Ale or Beer , and dayly drunk , cleereth , strengthneth , and quickneth the Sight of the Eyes wonderfully . The Decoction of the Roots in Wine or the Juyce taken therein , killeth and driveth forth al manner of Worms in the Belly , Stomach , and Maw ; and gargled in the Mouth , or the Root chewed fastneth loose Teeth , and helpeth to keep them from putrifaction : And being drunk is good for those that spit Blood , helpeth to remove Cramps or Convulsions , and the pains of the Gout , the Sciatica , the loosness and pains in the Joynts , or those Members that are out of joynt , by cold or moisture hapning to them , applied outwardly as wel as inwardly , and is good for those that are bursten , or have any inward bruise . The Roots boyled wel in Vinegar , beaten afterwards and made into an Oyntment with Hogs Suet , or Oyl of Trotters is an excellent remedy for Scabs or Itch in yong or old : The places also bathed or washed with the Decoction doth the same ; it also helpeth al sorts of filthy , old , putrid Sores or Cankers whersoever . In the Roots of this Herb lieth the chief effect for al the Remedies aforesaid : The distilled Water of the Leavs and Roots together is very profitable to clense the Skin of the Face or other Parts , from any Morphew , Spots , or Blemishes therein , and maketh it cleer .

Eringo , or , Sea-Holly .

Descript. ] THe first Leavs of our ordinary Sea-Holly , are nothing so hard and prickly as when they grow old , being almost round and deeply dented about the edges ; hard , and sharp pointed , and a little crumpled , of a bluish green color , every one upon a long Footstalk : but those that grow up higher with the Stalk , do as it were compass it about . The stalk it self is round and strong , yet somwhat crested with Joynts , and Leavs set thereat , but more divided , sharp , and prickly ; and branches rising from thence , which have likewise other smaller branches , each of them bearing several bluish round prickly heads , with many smal jagged , prickly Leavs under them standing like a Star , and are somtimes found greenish or whitish : The Root groweth wonderful long , even to eight or ten foot in length , set with Rings or Circles , toward the uper part , but smooth and without joynts down lower , brownish on the outside , and very white within , with a pith in the middle , of a pleasant tast , but much more being artificially preserved and candy'd with Sugar .

Place . ] It is found about the Sea Coasts , in almost every Country of this Land which bordereth upon the Sea .

Time . ] It Flowreth in the end of Summer , and giveth ripe Seed within a Month after .

Government and Vertues . ] The Plant is Venerial , and breedeth Seed exceedingly and strengthens the Spirit procreative , Seed breedeth , Obstructions , Spleen , Liver , yellow jaund . Dropsie , Chollick , Disury , Strangury , Reins , French Pox , Kings Evil , venemous Beasts , Thorns , broken bones , Splinters , Aposthumes , Mecancholly , Quartan and Quotidian Agues , Wry Necks it is hot and moist , and under the Coelestial Ballance . The Decoction of the Root hereof in Wine is very effectual to open the Obstructions of the Spleen and Liver , and helpeth the yellow Jaundice , the Dropsie , th●… pains in the Loyns , and wind Chollick , provoketh urine , and expelleth the Stone , and procureth Womens Courses . The continued use of the Decoction for fifteen daies , taken fasting , and next to bedward , doth help the Strangury , the pissing by drops , the stopping of Urine and Stone , and al defects of the Reins or Kidnies ; and if the said drink be continued longer , it is said that it perfectly cureth the stone , and that experience hath found it so : It is found good against the French Pox . The Roots bruised and applied outwardly , helpeth the Kernels of the Throat , commonly called the Kings evil ; or taken inwardly and applied to the place stung or bitten by any Serpent , healeth it speedily . If the Roots be bruised and boyled in old Hogs Greas , or salted Lard and applied to broken Bones , Thorns , &c. remaining in the Flesh , doth not only draw them forth , but healeth up the place again , gathering new flesh where it was consumed : The Juyce of the Leavs dropped into the Ears , helpeth Imposthumes therin : The distilled Water of the whol Herb when the Leavs and Stalks are yong , is profitably drunk for al the purposes aforesaid ; and helpeth the Melancholly of the Heart , and is available in Quartan and Quotidian Agues , as also for them that have their Necks drawn awry , and cannot turn them without turning their whol Body .

Eyebright .

Descript. ] THe common Eyebright is a smal low Herb , rising up usually but with one blackish , green stalk , a span high , or not much more , spread from the bottom into sundry branches , whereon are set smal and almost round , yet pointed , dark , green Leavs finely snipped about the edges , two alwaies set together , and very thick : At the Joynts with the Leavs from the middle upward , come forth smal white Flowers stryped with purple and yellow spots or stripes ; after which follow smal round heads with very smal seed therein . The Root is long , smal , and threddy at the end .

Place . ] It groweth in many Meadows , and grassy places in this Land .

Government and Vertues . ] Is is under the Sign of the Lyon , and Sol claims Dominion over it . If this Herb were but as much used as it is neglectes , it would half spoil the Spectacle-makers Trade ; and a man would think that reason should teach people to prefer the preservation of their Natural , before Artificial Spectacles : which that they may be instructed how to do , take the Vertues of Eyebright as followeth :

The Juyce or distilled Water of Eyebright taken inwardly in white Wine or Broth , or dropped into the Eyes for divers daies together , Eyes , Dimness , Brain , Memory . helpeth al infirmities of the Eyes that caus dimness of Sight : Some make a Conserve of the flowers to the same effect : Being used any of these waies it also helpeth a weak Brain or Memory . This tunned up with strong Beer that it may work together , and drunk : Or the Pouder of the dried herb mixed with Sugar , a little Mace , and Fennel-seeds , and drunk or eaten in broth : Or the said Pouder made into an Electuary with Sugar and taken , hath the same powerful effect to help and restore the sight decayed through age . And Arnoldus de villa nova , saith , It hath restored sight to them that have been blind a long time before .

Fern .

Descript. ] OF this there are two kinds principally to be noted , viz. The Male and Female : The Femal groweth higher than the Male , but the Leavs therof are lesser , and more divided or dented , and of as strong a smel as the Male : The Vertues of them are both alike , and therfore I shal not trouble you with any further Description or distinction of them .

Place . ] They both grow on Heaths , and in shady places neer the Hedgsides in al Countries of this Land .

Time . ] They flourish and give their seed at Midsummer .

The Femal Fern is that Plant which is in Sussex called Brakes , the seed of which some Authors hold to be so rare , such a thing there is I know , and may easily be had upon Midsummer-eve , and for ought I know , two or three dayes before or after , if not more .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mercury , both the Male , and the Female . The Roots of both these sorts of Ferns , being bruised and boyled in Mead , or honyed water , and drunk , killeth both the broad , and long Worms in the Body , and abateth the swelling , and hardness of the Spleen . Worms , Spleen , Choller , Flegm , Stomach , Wounds , Ulcers , Serpents , Gnats , Venemous Beasts . The green Leavs eaten , purgeth the Belly , and Chollerick and waterish humors , but it troubles the stomack . They are dangerous for Women with Child to meddle with , by reason they cause Abortment . The Roots bruised and boyled in Oyl , or Hogs-grease , maketh a very profitable Oyntment to heal Wounds , or pricks gotten into the Flesh . The Pouder of them used in soul Ulcers , drieth up their malignant moisture , and causeth their speedier healing : Fern being burned , the smoak therof driveth away Serpents , Gnats , and other noysome Creatures , which in the Fenny Countries do in the night time trouble and molest people lying in their Beds with their faces uncovered : it causeth barrenness .

Osmond Royal , or Water-Fern .

Descript. ] THis shooteth forth in the spring time , for in the Winter the Leavs perish , divers rough hard stalks , half round and hollowish , or flat on the other-side , two foot high , having divers branches of winged yellowish green leavs on al sides , set one against another , longer , narrower , and not nicked on the edges as the former : From the top of some of these stalks grow forth a long bush of smal , and more yellowish , green , scaly aglets , as it were set in the same manner on the stalks as the leavs are , which are accounted the flower and seeds . The Root is rough , thick , and scaly , with a white pith in the middle , which is called the Heart therof .

Place . ] It groweth on Moors , Bogs , and Watery places in many parts of this Land .

Time . ] It is green al the Summer , and the Root only abideth in Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] Saturn owns the Plant . This hath al the vertues mentioned in the former Ferns , and is much more effectual than they both ●or inward and outward Griefs , and is accounted singular good in Wounds , Wounds , Bruises , Broken , Bones , Chollick , Spleen , Ruptures . Bruises , or the like : The Decoction to be drunk , or boyled into an Oyntment , or Oyl , as a Balsom , or Balm , and so it is singular good against Bruises , and Bones broken or out of joynt , and giveth much ease to the Chollick , and Spleenetick Diseases : as also for Ruptures , or Burstings . The Decoction of the Root in white Wine , provokes Urin exceedingly , and clenseth the Bladder and passages of Urin .

Featherfew .

Descript. ] COmmon Featherfew hath many larg , fresh , green Leavs , very much torn , or cut on the edges : The stalks are hard and round set with many such like leavs , but somwhat smaler , and at the tops stand many single flowers upon several smal footstalks , consisting of many smal white leavs , standing round about a yellow thrum in the middle . The Root is somwhat hard and short , with many strong fibres at it . The scent of the whole Plant is very strong , and stuffing , and the tast very bitter .

Place . ] This grow wild in some places of this Land , but it is for the most part nourished in Gardens .

Time . ] It flowereth in the Months of June , and July .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus commands the Herb , and hath commanded it to succor her Sisters [ Women ] and to be a general strengthner of their Wombs , and Remedy such infirmities as a careless Midwife hath there caused , if they wil be but pleased to make use of her Herb boyled in white Wine , and drink the Decoction , it clenseth the Womb , expelleth the After-birth , doth the Woman al the good she can desire of an Herb . And if any grumble because they cannot get the Herb in Winter , tel them , if they please , they may make a Syrup of it in Summer . It is chiefly used for the Discases of the Mother , whether it be the strangling or rising of the Mother , Mother , Womb , Terms provokes , Dead-birth , After-birth , Cough , Reins , Bladder , Choller , Flegm , Melancholly , Sadness , Head-ach , Vertigo , Ague , Deformity of the skin Wind , Chollick , Opium . or Hardness , or Inflamations of the same , applied outwardly therunto : Or a Decoction of the Flowers in Wine , with a little Nutmeg or Mace put therin , and drunk often in a day , is an approved Remedy to bring down Womens Courses speedily , and helpeth to expel the Dead-birth , and After-birth . For a Woman to sit over the hot fumes of the Decoction of the Herb made in Water , or Wine , is effectual also for the same : and in some cases , to apply the boyled Herb warm to the privy parts . The Decoction therof made , with some Sugar or Hony put therto , is used by many with good success , to help the Cough and stuffing of the Chest by cold , as also to clense the Reins and Bladder , and help to expel the stone in them . The Pouder of the Herb taken in Wine , with some Oximel , purgeth both Choller and Flegm , and is available for those that are short winded , and are troubled with Melancholly and Heaviness , or sadness of the Spirits . It is very effectual for al pains in the head coming of a cold cause , the Herb being bruised , and applied to the crown of the head : as also for a Vertigo , that is a turning , or swimming in the head . The Decoction therof drunk warm , and the Herb bruised with a few corns of Bay-salt , and applied to the Wrists before the coming of the Ague fits , doth take them away . The Distilled water taketh away Freckls , and other spots and deformities in the Face . The Herb bruised and heated on a Tyle , with some Wine to moisten it , or fryed with a little Wine and Oyl in a frying-pan , and applied warm outwardly to the places , helpeth the Wind and Chollick in the lower part of the Belly : It is an especial Remedy against Opium taken too liberally .

Fennel .

EVery Garden affordeth this so plentifully , that it needeth no Description Government and Vertues . ] One good old fashion is not yet left off , viz. To boyl Fennel with Fish , for it consumes that flegmatick humor which Fish most plentifully afford and annoy the Body by , therfore it is a most fit herb for that purpose , though few that use it know why or wherfore they do it ; I suppose the reason of its benefit this way is , because it is an Herb of Mercury , and under Virgo , and therfore bears Antipathy to Pisces . Wind , Disury , Stone , encreaseth Milk , Amends Milk , Hiccough , Loathing of meat , Venem . Beasts , Poyson , Mushroms , obstructions in the Liver , Spleen , & Gall , yellow Jaundice , Gout Cramp , Wheesing , Terms , provoks , After-delivery , Clense Open , Fatness , Eyes . Fennel is good to break Wind , to provoke Urin , and ease the pains of the Stone , and help to break it . The Leavs or Seeds boyled in Barly-water and drunk , is good for Nurses to encrease their Milk , and make it more wholsom for the Child . The Leavs , or rather the Seed boyled in water stayeth the Hiccough , and taketh away that loathing which oftentimes hapneth to the stomachs of sick , and feaverish Persons , and allayeth the heat therof . The Seed boyled in Wine and drunk , is good for those that are bitten with Serpents , or have eaten poysonful Herbs , or Mushroms : The Seed and the Root much more helpeth to open Obstructions of the Liver , Spleen , and Gall , and therby helpeth the painful and windy swellings of the Spleen , and the yellow Jaundice , as also the Gout and Cramps . The Seed is of good use in Medicines to help shortness of breath , and Wheesing by stopping of the Lungs . It helpeth also to bring down the Courses , and to clense the Parts after delivery . The Roots are of most use in Physick-Drinks and Broths that are taken to clense the Bloud , to open Obstructions of the Liver , to provoke Urine , and amend the ill colour in the Face after sickness , and to cause a good habit through the Body : Both Leavs , Seeds , and Roots hereof are much used in Drinks or Broths , to make people more spare and lean that are too fat . The Distilled Water of the whol Herb or the condensate Juyce dissolved , but especially the Natural Juyce that in hot Countries issueth out therof of its own accord , dropped into the Eyes , clenseth them from Mists and Films that hinder the sight . The sweet Fennel is much weaker in Physical uses , than the common Fennel . The wild Fennel is stronger and hotter than the tame , and therfore most powerful against the Stone , but not so effectual to encrease Milk , because of its driness .

Sow-Fennel , or Hogs-Fennel .

BEsides the common Name in English Hogs-Fennel , and the Latin name Peusidanum , it is called Hoar-strang , and Hoar-strong , Sulpher-wort , and Brimstone-wort .

Descript. ] The common Sow-Fennel hath divers branched stalks of thick and somwhat long Leavs , three for the most part joyned together at a place , among which riseth a crested strait stalk , less than Fennel , with som joynts theron , and Leavs growing therat , and toward the top so in Branches issuing from thence ; likewise on the tops of the stalk and branches stand divers tufts of yellow Flowers , where after grow somwhat flat , thin , and yellowish seed , bigger than Fennel-seed . The Root groweth great and deep , with many other parts and fibres about them , of a strong scent like hot Brimstone , and yeelding forth a yellowish milk , or clammy Juyce , almost like a Gum .

Place . ] It groweth plentifully in the salt low Marshes neer by Feaversham in Kent .

Time . ] It flowereth and seedeth in July and August .

Government and Vertues . ] This also is an Herb of Mercury . The juyce of Sow-Fennel ( saith Dioscorides and Galen ) used with Vinegar and Rosewater , or the juyce with a little Euphorbium put to the nose , helpeth those that are troubled with the Lethargy , Lethargy , Frenzie , Vertigo , Falling-sickness Headach , Palsey , Sciatica , Cramp , Sinews , Cough , shortness , of breath , Wind , Spleen , Childbirth , Reins , Bladder , Womb , Ears , Hollow Teeth , Ulcers , Broken bones , Thorns , wounds . the Frenzie , the turning or giddiness of the Head , the falling-sickness , long , and inveterate Headach , the Palsie , Sciatica , and the Cramp , and generally al the Diseases of the Sinews , used with Oyl and Vinegar . The juyce dissolved in Wine , or put into an Eg , is good for the Cough , or shortness of Breath , and for those that are troubled with the Wind in the Body : It purgeth the Belly gently , helpeth the hardness of the Spleen , giveth ease to Women that have sore Travail in Childbirth , and easeth the pains of the Reins , and Bladder , and also of the Womb . A little of the juyce dissolved in Wine and dropped into the Ears , easeth much of the pains in them ; and put into an hollow-tooth , easeth the pain therof . The Root is less effectual in al the aforesaid Diseases : yet the Pouder of the Root clenseth foul Ulcers being put into them : and taketh out splinters of Broken B●nes , or other things in the Flesh , and healeth them up perfectly : as also it dryeth up old and inveterate running sores ; and is of admirable Vertue in al g●een Wounds .

Fig-wort , or Throat-wort .

Descript. ] THe common great Figwort sendeth forth divers great , strong , hard , square , brown stalks , three or four foot high , wherin grow larg , hard , and dark green Leavs , two at a joynt , which are larger and harder than Nettle Leavs , but not stinging : At the tops of the stalks stand many purple flowers set in husks , which are somwhat gaping and open , somwhat like those of Water-Betony : after which come hard round Heads , with a smal point in the middle , wherin lie smal brownish seed . The Root is great , white , and thick , with many branches at it growing aslope under the upper crust of the ground , which abideth many years , but keepeth not his green Leavs in Winter .

Place . ] It groweth frequently in moist and shadowy Woods , and in the lower parts of the Fields and Meadows .

Time . ] It flowereth about July , and the seed wil be ripe about a Month after the flowers are fallen .

Government and Vertues . ] Some Latin Authors cal it Cervicria , because 't is appropriated to the Neck , and we Throatwort , because 't is appropriated to the Throat . Venus own the Herb , and the Coelestial Bull wil not deny it , therfore a better Remedy cannot be for the Kings Evil , because the Moon that rules the Disease is exalted there , nor for any Disease in the Neck , the rest of the Diseases specified , you may ( if you look ) see a very good Reason for their Cure by this Herb . The Decoction of the Herb taken inwardly , Congealed blood by Wound , bruis or Fall , Kings-Evil , Wens , Hemorrhoids , fundament , Ulcers , Scurff , Spots , Freckls , Deformity , Leprosie . and the bruised Herb applied outwardly , dissolveth clotted or congealed Bloud within the Body , coming by any Wound , Bruise , or Fall ; and is no less effectual for the Kings Evil , or any other Knots , Kernels , Bunches or Wens growing in the Flesh whersoever , and for the Hemorrhoids , or Piles , or other Knobs , or Kernels which somtimes grow about the Fundament . An Oyntment made hereof , may be used at al times when the fresh Herb is not to be had . The distilled Water of the whole Plant , Roots and al , is used for the same purposes , and drieth up the superfluous virulent moisture of hollow and corroding Ulcers : It taketh away al redness , spots , and Freckls in the Face , as also the Scurff , of any foul Deformity therin , and the Leprosie likewise .

Filipendula , or Dropwort .

Descript. ] THis sendeth forth many Leavs , som bigger , som lesser , set on each side of a middle Rib , and each of them dented about the edges , somwhat resembling wild Tansie , or rather Agrimony , but harder in handling ; among which rise up one or more stalks two or three foot high , with like leavs growing theron , and somtimes also divided into other branches spreading at the top into many white sweet smelling Flowers , consisting of five leavs apiece with som thrids in the middle of them standing together in a tuft , or umbel , each upon a smal footstalk , which after they have been open and blown a good while , do fall away , and in their places appear smal round chaffy heads like Buttons wherin are the chaffy Seed set and placed . The Root consists of many smal black tuberous pieces , fastned together by many smal , long , blackish strings which run from one to another .

Place . ] It groweth in many places of this Land , in the corners of dry Fields and Medows , and their hedg-sides .

Time . ] They flower in June and July , and their seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Venus , and is very effectual to open the Passages of the Urine , and help the Strangury , Disury , Strangury , Reins , Bladder , Stone , Gravel , Wind , Lungs , Wheesing , Hoarsness , Cough , Flegm . and all other pains of the Bladder and Reins , helping mightily to expel the stone in the Kidnies or Bladder , and the Gravel also , and these are done by taking the Roots in Pouder , or a Decoction of them in white Wine , wherunto a little Honey is added : The same also helpeth to expel the Afterbirth . The Roots made into Pouder , and mixed with honey into the form of an Electuary , doth much help them whose stomachs are swollen , dissolving and breaking the Wind which was the cause therof , and is also very effectual for al Diseases of the Lungs , as shortness of breath , Wheesings , Hoarsness of the Throat , and the Cough , and to expectorate cold Flegm , or any other parts thereabouts . It is called Dropwort because it helps such as piss by drops .

The Figtree .

FOR to give a Description of a Tree so wel known to every body that keeps it in their Garden , were needless ; they prosper very wel in our English Gardens , yet are fitter for Medicine than for any other profit which is gotten by the Fruit of them .

Government and Vertues . ] The Tree is under the Dominion of Jupiter . The Milk which issueth out from the Leavs or Branches when they are broken off , being dropped upon Warts takes them away . The Decoction of the Leavs of a Fig-tree , Warts , headsore Leprosie , Morphew , scurff , scabs , sores , ulcers , bloud congealed caused by Bruises or Fals Bloudy-flux , kibes , Chilblains Toothach , noise in the Ears , Deasness , biting of mad-Dogs , Venem . Beasts , Cough , Hoarsness , shortness of Breath , Breast , Lungs , Dropsie , Falling-sickness , Lice . is excellent good to wash sore Heads withal : neither is there scarcely a better Remedy for the Leprosie then it is ; it clears the Face also of Morphew , and the body of white scurf , moist scabs , and running sores if it be dropped into old fretting Ulcers , it clenseth out the moisture and bringeth up the flesh , because you cannot have the Leavs green al the year , you may make an Oyntment of them whilst you may : A Decoction of the Leavs being drunk inwardly , or rather a Syrup made of them , dissolves congealed bloud , caused by Bruises or Fals , and helps the Bloudy-flux : The Ashes of the Wood made into an Oyntment with Hogs-greas , helps Kibes and Chilblains : The Juyce being put into a hollow-tooth , easeth pain , as also pain and noise in the Ears being dropped into them , and deafness : An Oyntment made of the juyce and Hogs-grease is as excellent a Remedy for the biting of a man Dog , or other Venemous Beast as most is . A Syrup made of the Leaves or green fruit is excellent good for Coughs , Hoarsness or shortness of Breath , and al Diseases of the Breast and Lungs . It is also excellent good for the Dropsie , and falling-sickness . They say that the Fig-Tree as wel as the Bay-Tree is never hurt by lightning ; as also that a Bull if he be never so mad , if you tie him to a Fig-Tree wil quickly become tame and gentle . As for such Figs as come from beyond Sea , I have little to say to them , because I write not of Igsoticks ; yet some Au●hors say the eating of them makes people Lousie .

The yellow Water-Flag , Or , Flowerdeluce .

Descript. ] THis groweth like the Flower-de-luces , but it hath much longer and narrower sad green Leavs joyned together in that fashion ; the Stalk also groweth often times as high , bearing smal yellow Flowers , shaped like the Flowerdeluce with three falling Leavs , and other three arched that cover their bottoms ; but instead of the three upright Leavs as the Flowerdeluce hath , this hath only three short pieces standing in their places , after which succeed thick and long three square Heads containing in each part somwhat big and flat Seed like to those of the Flowerdeluces : The Root is long and slender , of a pale brownish color on the outside , and of a hoar flesh color on the inside , with many hard fibres thereat , and very harsh in tast .

Place . ] It usually groweth in watery Ditches , Ponds , Lakes , and Moor sides which are alwaies overflown with Water .

Time . ] It flowreth in July , and the Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of the Moon . The Root of this Water-flag is very astringent , cooling , and drying , Binds , cools , Dries , Flux , Bloody flux , Bleeding , Terms stops , Eyes , spots , Blemishes , Inflamations , Sore Breasts , Cankers , Ulcers . Noli me tangere . and therby helpeth al Lasks and Fluxes , whether of blood , or humors , as bleeding at mouth , nose , or other parts , bloody fluxes , and the immoderate Flux of Womens Courses . The distilled water of the whol Herb , Flowers , and Roots , is a Soveraign good Remedy for watering Eyes , both to be dropped into them , and to have cloathes or spunges wetted therein and applied to the Forehead : It also helpeth the spots or blemishes that happen in or about the Eyes , or in any other parts : The said water fomented on swellings and hot inflamations of Womens sore Breasts , upon Cankers also , & those spreading Ulcers called Noli me tangere , doth much good : It helpeth also foul Ulcers in the privy parts of man or woman , or elswhere . An Oyntment made of the Flowers is better for these external applications .

Flaxweed , or Toadflax .

Descript. ] Our common Flaxweed hath divers Stalks full fraught with long and narrow blue or Ash-color'd Leavs , and from the middle of them almost upward stored with a number of palo yellow Flowers , of a strong unpleasant scent , with deeper yellow mouths , and blackish flat Seeds in round Heads . The Root is somwhat woody and white , especially the main downright one , with many fibres , abiding many yeers , shooting forth Roots every way round about , and new Branches every yeer .

Place . ] This ●roweth throughout this Land , both by the way sides in Meadows , as also by Hedg sides , and upon the sides of Banks and Borders of Fields .

Time . ] It flowreth in Summer , and the Seed is ripe usually before the end of August .

Government and Vertues . ] Mars owns the Herb : in Sussex we cal it Gall-wort , and lay it in our Chickens water , to cure them of the Gall I think , I am sure it releevs them when they are drooping . This is frequently used to provoke Urin being stopped , Disury , Dropsie , Obstruction of the Liver , yellow Jaundice , dead child and After birth Inflamations , Eyes , Ulcers , Cancers , Fistulaes , Leprosie , Scabs , Pimples , Freckles . and to spend the abundance of those watery humors by Urin which cause the Dropsie . The Decoction of the Herb both Leavs and Flowers in Wine , taken and drunk doth somwhat move the Belly downwards , openeth obstructions of the Liver , and helpeth the yellow Jaundice , expelleth poyson , provoketh Womens Courses , driveth forth the dead Child , and Afterbirth . The distilled Water of the Herb and Flowers is effectual for al the same purposes , esp ●ially being drunk with a dram of the Pouder of the Seeds , or Bark of the Root of Walwort , and a little Cinnamon for certain daies together , is held a singular Remedy for the Dropsie : The Juyce of the Herb or the distilled Water dropped into the Eyes is a certain Remedy for al heat , inflamations and redness in them . The Juyce or water put into foul Ulcers whether they be Cancrous or Fistulous , with tents rouled therein , or the parts washed or injected therwith clenseth them throughly from the bottom , and healeth them up safely . The same Juyce or Water also clenseth the Skin wonderfully of all sorts of deformity therof , as Lepry , Morphew , Scurf , Wheals , Pimples , or any other spots or marks in the Skin , applied of it self , or used with some Pouder of Lupines .

Fleawort .

Descript. ] THe ordinary Fleawort riseth up with a Stalk two Foot high , or more , full of Joynts and Branches on every side up to the top , and at every joynt two smal , long , and narrow whitish green Leavs somwhat hairy : At the tops of eve●y Branch stand divers smal short scaly or chaffy heads , out of which come forth smal whitish yellow threds , like to those of the Plantane Herbs , which are the Bloomings or Flowers . The seed inclosed in those Heads is smal and shining while it is fresh very like unto Fleas , both for color and bigness , but turning black when it groweth old . The Root is not long but white , hard , and woody , perishing every yeer and rising again of its own Seed for divers yeers if it be suffered to shed : The whol Plant is somwhat whitish and hairy , smelling somwhat like Rozin .

There is another sort hereof differing not from the former in the manner of growing , but only that his stalk and branches being somwhat greater , do a little more bow down to the ground : The Leavs are somwhat larger , the heads somwhat lesser , the Seed alike ; and the Root and Leavs abide al the Winter , and perish not as the former .

Place . ] The first groweth only in Gardens ; the second plentifully in Fields that are neer the Sea .

Time . ] They flower in July or thereabouts .

Government and Vertues . ] The Herb is cold and dry , Saturnine : I suppose it obtained the name Fleawort because the Seeds are so like Fleas . Flux , Corrosion , Chollerick humors , Agues , feavers , Inflamation , Thirst , Hoarseness , salt humors , Pleur●sie , Hemorrboids , Headach , Megrim , A●osthumes , Bluns , Wheals , Pushes , Pu●ples , Gout , Joynts , Sciatica , Nipples , sore breasts , Ears , Worms , Ulcers . The Seed fried and so taken staieth the Flux or Lask of the Belly , and the corrosions that come by reason of hot , Chollerick , Sharp , and malignant Humors , or by the too much purging of any violent Medicine , as Scammony or the like . The Muccilage of the Seed made with Rose Water , and a little Sugar Candy put thereto is very good in al hot Agues and burning Feavers , and other Inflamations to cool the thirst , and lenifie the driness and roughness of the Tongue and Throat . It helpeth also hoarsness of the voice , and Diseases of the Breast and Lungs caused by heat , or sharp salt humors , and the Pleuresie also . The Muccilage of the Seed made in Plantane Water , whereunto the Yolk of an Eg or two and a little Populeon is put , is a most safe and sure Remedy to ease the sharpness , prickings , and pains of the Hemorrhoids or Piles , if it be laid on a cloth and bound thereto . It helpeth also al Inflamations in any parts of the Body , and the pains that come thereby , as the Headach and Megrim , and al hot Imposthumes or Swellings , or breakings out of the Skin , as Blains , Wheals , Pushes , Purples , and the like ; as also the pains of the Joynts , and of those that are out of joynt ; the pains of the Gout and Sciatica , the bursting of yong Children , and the swelling of the Navel , applied with Oyl of Roses and Vinegar . It is also very good to heal the Nipples and sore Breasts of Women being often applied thereunto . The Juyce of the Herb with a little Honey put into the Ears helpeth the running of them , and the Worms breeding in them : The same also mixed with Hogs Grease , and applied to corrupt and filthy Ulcers and Sores , clenseth and healeth them .

Flixweed .

Descript. ] IT riseth up with a round upright hard stalk , four or five foot high , spread into sundry Branches , whereon grow many grayish green Leavs very finely cut and severed into a number of short and almost round parts . The Flowers are very smal and yellow growing spike fashion , after which come very smal long Pods , with very smal yellowish Seed in them . The Root is long and woody perishing every yeer .

There is another sort differing in nothing , save only it hath somwhat broader Leavs : They have a strong evil savor being smelt unto , and are of a drying tast .

Place . ] They grow wild in the Fields by Hedg sides , and High waies , and among rubbish , and in many other places .

Time . ] They flower and Seed quickly after , namely in June and July .

Government and Vertues . ] This Herb is Saturnine also . Both the Herb and Seed of Flixweed is of excellent use to stay the Flux or Lask of the Belly being drunk in Water wherein gads of steel heated have been often quenched ; Flux , Bleeding , Bloody , Flux , Terms stops , broken Bones , Members disjointed , worms , Sores , Ulcers . and is no less effectual for the said purpose than Plantane or Comfry , and to restrain any other Flux of Blood in man or woman , as also to consolidate Bones broken , or out of joynt . The Juyce therof drunk in Wine , or the Decoction of the Herb drunk , doth kil the Worms in the Stomach or Belly , or the Worms that grow in putrid and filthy Ulcers ; And made into a Salve doth quickly heal al old Sores , how foul or Malignant soever they be . The distilled Water of the Herb worketh the same effects although somwhat weaker , yet is a fair Medicine , and more acceptable to be taken .

It is called Flixweed because it cures the Flux , and for its uniting broken Bones , &c. Paracelsus extols it to the Skies . It is fitting Syrupts , Oyntments , and Plaisters of it , were kept in your Houses .

Flower-de-luce .

IT is so wel known , being nursed up in most Gardens , that I shal not need to spend time in writing a Description thereof .

Time . ] The Flaggy kinds thereof have the most Physical uses ; the Dwarf kinds therof flower in April , the greater sorts in May .

Government and Vertues . ] The Herb is Lunar . The Juyce or Decoction of the green Roots of the Flaggy kind of Flowerdeluce , with a little Hony drunk , Stomach , Flegm , Choller , jaundice , Dropsie , Belly , sides , Agues , Liver , spleen , Stones , convulsion , Cramp , venemous Beasts , disury , chollick , Terms provokes , Cough , sneesing , hemorrhoids , Toothach , Joynts , sinews , gout , Sciatica , Womb , Rhewm , Breast , Wounds , Ulcers , fistulaes , Cankers . doth purge and clens the Stomach of gross and tough flegm and choller therein ; it helpeth the Jaundice and the Dropsie , by evacuating those humors both upwards and downwards , and because it somwhat hurteth the Stomach , is not to be taken but with Honey and Spicknard . The same being drunk doth eas the pains and torments of the Belly and sides , the shaking of Agues , the Diseases of the Liver and Spleen , the Worms in the Belly , the stone in the Reins , Convulsions or Cramps that come of cold humors ; it also helpeth those whose Seed passeth from them unawares ; It is a Remedy against the bitings and stingings of venemous Creatures , being boyled in Water and Vinegar and drunk : Being boyled in Wine and drunk it provoketh Urine , helpeth the Chollick bringeth down Womens Courses ; and made up into a Pessary with Honey , and put up into the Body , draweth forth the dead Child . It is much commended against the Cough to expectorate tough flegm ; It much easeth pains in the Head , and procureth sleep : Being put into the Nostrils it procureth sneezing , and therby purgeth the Head of flegm : The Juyce of the Root applied to the Piles or Hemorrhoids giveth much ease . The Decoction of the Roots gargled in the Mouth easeth the Toothach , and helpeth a stinking breath . The Oyl called Oleum Irinum if it be rightly made of the great broad flag Flowerdeluce ( and not of the great bulbous blue Flowerdeluce as is used by some Apothecaries ) and Roots of the same of the Flaggy kinds is very effectual to warm and comfort al cold joynts and sinews , as also the Gout and Sciatica , and mollifieth , dissolveth , and consumeth Tumors or Swellings in any part of the Body , as also of the Matrix : It helpeth the Cramp and Convulsion of the sinews : The Head and Temples anointed therewith helpeth the Catark or thin Rhewm distilling from thence ; and used upon the Breast or Stomach , helpeth to extenuate the cold tough flegm . It helpeth also the pains and noise in the Ears , and the stench of the Nostrils . The Root it self either green or in Pouder , helpeth to clense , heal , and incarnate Wounds , and to cover the naked Bones with Blesh again that Ulcers have made bare ; and is also very good to clense and heal up Fistulaes and Cankers that are hard to be cured .

Fluellin , or Lluellin .

Descript. ] THis shooteth forth many long Branches partly lying upon the Ground , and part standing upright , set with almost round Leavs , yet a little pointed , and somtimes more long than round , without order thereon , somwhat hoary , and of an evil greenish white color ; at the Joynts all along the Stalks , and with the Leavs come forth smal Flowers , one at a place , upon a very smal short Footstalk , gaping somwhat like Snapdragons , or rather like Toadflax , with the uper Jaw of a yellow color , and the lower of a purplish , with a smal heel or spur behind , after which come smal round Heads , containing smal black Seed . The Root is smal and threddy , dying every yeer , and raiseth it self again of its own sowing .

There is another sort of Lluellin which hath longer Branches wholly trailing upon the ground two or three foot long , and somtimes more , thinner set with Leavs thereon , upon smal Footstalks . The Leavs are a little larger and somwhat round , and cornered somtimes in some places on the edges ; but the lower part of them being the broadest , hath on each side a smal point , making it seem as if they were Ears , somwhat hairy , but not hoary , and of a better green color than the former : The Flowers come forth like the former : but the colors therein are more white than yellow , and the purple not so fair , It is a larger flower , and so are the Seed , and Seed Vessels : The Root is like the other , and perisheth every yeer .

Place . ] They grow in divers Corn Fields , and in borders about them , and in other fertile grounds , about Southfleet in Kent abundantly , at Buckworth , Hamerton , and Richwersworth in Huntington-shire ; and in divers other places .

Time . ] They are in Flower about June and July , and the whol Plant is dry and withered before August be done .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Lunar Herb . The Leavs bruised and applied with Barly Meal to watering Eyes that are hot and inflamed by defluxions from the Head , Eyes , flux , Bloody Flux , Terms stops , Wounds , Ulcers , Cankers . doth very much help them , as also the Fluxes of Blood or Humors , as the Lask , Bloody Flux , Womens Courses , and stayeth al manner of bleeding at Nose , Mouth , or any other place , or that cometh by any bruise or hurt , or bursting a Vein ; and wonderfully it helpeth al those inward parts that need consolidating or strengthening : and is no less effectual both to heal and close green Wounds , as to clense or heal al foul or old Ulcers , fretting or spreading Cankers or the like .

Bees are industrious , and go abroad to gather Honey from each Plant and Flower , but Drones lie at home , and eat up what the Bees have taken pains for : Just so do our Colledg of Physitians , lie at home and domineer , and suck out the sweetness of other Mens Labors and Studies , themselves being as ignorant in the knowledg of Herbs as a Child of four yeers old , as I can make appear to any Rational man by their last Dispensatory ; Now then to hide their Ignorance , there is not a readier way in the World , than to hide Knowledg from their Country men , that so no body might be able so much as to smel out their Ignorance . When Simples were more in use , mens bodies were in better health by far than now they are , or shal be if the Colledg can help it . The truth is , this Herb is of a fine cooling , dryin● quality , and an Oyntment or Plaister of it , might do a man a cou●●ent ●a● hath any hot virulent Sores ; 't is admirable for the Ulcers of the French Pox , if taken inwardly may cure the Diseas . It was at first called Foemale Speedwel , but a Shentleman of Wales , whose Nose was almost eaten off with the Pox , and so neer the matter , that the Doctors commanded it to be cut off , being cured by only the use of this Herb , to honor the Herb for saving her Nose whol , gave it one of her own Country names , Lluellin .

Foxglove .

Descript. ] IT hath many long and broad Leavs lying upon the ground deated about the edges , a little soft or woolly , and of a hoary green color , among which rise up somtimes sundry Stalks , but one very often bearing such Leavs theron from the bottom to the middle , from whence to the top it is stored with large and long hollow reddish purple Flowers , a little more long and eminent at the lower edg , with some white spots within them , one above another , with smal green Leavs at every one , but all of them turning their heads one way , and hanging downwards , having some threds also in the middle , from whence rise round heads pointed sharp at the ends , wherein smal brown Seed lieth . The Roots are many smal huskie fibres , and some greater strings among them : The Flower hath no scent , but the Leavs have a bitter hot tast .

Place . ] It groweth on the dry sandy grounds for the most part , and as well on the higher as lower places under Hedg sides in almost every Country of this Land .

Time . ] It seldom Flowreth before July , and the Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] The Plant is under the Dominion of Venus , being of a gentle clensing Nature ; and withal very friendly to Nature . Wounds , Clens , dry , Heat , Obstruction of the Liver and Spleen , Kings Evil , Falling-sickness , scabby Heads . The Herb is familiarly and frequently used by the Italians to heal any fresh or green Wound , the Leavs being but bruised and bound thereon ; and the Juyce thereof is also used in old Sores , to clens , dry , and heal them . The Decoction hereof made up with some Sugar or Honey is available to clens and purge the Body , both upwards and downwards somtimes of tough flegm and clammy humors , and to open obstructions of the Liver and Spleen : It hath been found by experience to be available for the Kings Evil , the Herb bruised and applied , or an Oyntment made with the Juyce thereof , and so used : And a Decoction of two handfuls thereof with four Ounces of Polipody in Ale , hath been found by late experience to cure divers of the Falling-sickness , that have been troubled with it above twenty yeers .

My self am confident that an Oyntment of it is one of the best Remedies for a Scabby Head that is .

Fumitory .

Descript. ] OUr common Fumitory is a tender sappy Herb , sending forth from one square , slender , weak Stalk , and leaning downwards on al sides many Branches two or three foot long , with finely cut and jagged Leaves of a whitish , or rather bluish , Seagreen color : At the tops of the Branches stand many smal Flowers , as it were in a long spike one above another , made like little Birds of a reddish purple color with whitish bellies : After which come smal round Husks containing smal black Seed . The Root is yellow , smal , and not very long , ful of Juyce while it is green , but quickly perishing with the ripe Seed : In the Corn Fields in Cornwal this beareth white Flowers .

Place . ] It groweth in the Corn Fields almost every where as wel as in Gardens .

Time . ] It Flowreth in May for the most part , and the Seed ripeneth shortly after .

Government and Vertues . ] Saturn owns the Herb , and presents it to the World as a Cure for his own Diseases , and a strengthener of the parts of the Body he rules : If by my Astrological Judgment of Diseases , from the Decombiture , you find Saturn Author of the Diseas , or if by Direction from a Nativity you fear a Saturnine Diseas approaching , you may by this Herb prevent it in the one , and cure it in the other : and therfore 't is fit you keep a Syrup of it alwayes by you . The Juyce or Syrup made therof , or the Decoction made in Whey by it self , with som other purging or opening Herbs and Roots to cause it to work the better , Liver , Spleen , Choller , Adust , Melancholly , Madness , Forgetfulness , Jaundice , yellow , & Black , Pestilence , Sore Mouth , & Throat , Eyes , Hairs , Scabs , Itch , Pimples , Wheales . ( it self being but weak ) is very effectual for the Liver and Spleen , opening the Obstructions therof , and clarifying the Bloud from saltish , Chollerick , and Adust humors , which cause Leprosy , Scabs , Tetters , and Itches , and such like breakings out of the skin , and after the purging , doth strengthen al the inward parts : It is good also against the yellow Jaundice , and spendeth it by Urine , which it procureth in abundance . The Pouder of the dried Herb given for som time together , cureth Melancholly , but the seed is strongest in operation for al the former Diseases . The distilled Water of the Herb is also of good effect in the former Diseases , and conduceth much against the Plague and Pestilence , being taken with good Treacle . The Distilled Water also , with a little Water and Honey of Roses helpeth al the sores of the Mouth or Throat , being gargled often therwith . The juyce dropped into the Eyes , cleareth the sight , and taketh away redness , and other defects in them , although it procure som pain for the present , and cause tears . Dioscorides saith , It hindereth any fresh springing of Hairs on the Eye-lids ( after they be pulled away ) if the Eye-lids be anointed with the juyce hereof with Gum Arabick dissolved therin . The juyce of Fumitory and Docks mingled with Vinegar , and the places gently washed or wet therwith , cureth al sorts of Scabs , Pimples , Itches , Wheals , or Pushes which arise on the Face or Hands , or any other part of the Body .

The Furs-Bush .

IT is so wel known , as wel by this name , as in som Countries by the name Goss , or Whins , that I shal not need to write any Description therof , my intent being to teach my Country-men what they know not , rather than to tel them again of that which is generally known before .

Place . ] They are known to grow on dry barren Heaths , and other wast gravelly or sandy Grounds in al Countries of this Land .

Time . ] They also Flower in the Summer Months .

Government and Vertues . ] Mars owns the Herb . They are hot and dry good to open Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen . A Decoction made with the flowers therof , Obstructions , Liver , Spleen , yell . Jaundice , Disury , Gravel , Stone . hath been found effectual against the Jaundice , as also to provoke Urine , and clense the Kidneys from Gravel , or Stones , ingendered in them . Mars doth al this by Sympathy .

Garlick .

THe offensiveness of the breath of him that hath eaten Garlick wil lead you by the Nose to the knowledg hereof , and ( instead of a Description ) direct you to the place where it groweth in Gardens , which kinds are the best , and most Physical .

Government and Vertues . ] Mars owns this Herb . This was anciently accounted the Poormans Treacle , it being a remedy for al Diseases or hurts ( except those which it self breeds ) It provoketh Urine and Womens Courses , helpeth the biting of a mad Dog , and other venemous Creatures : Urine , Terms provokes , mad-Dogs , venemous Beasts , Worms , Lethargy , flegm Pestilence , Aposthums , mineral vapors , stinking Waters , Henban Hemlock , wolsbane , Dropsie , Cramps , Convulsions , Falling-sickness . killeth Worms in Children , cutteth and avoideth tough flegm , purgeth the head , helpeth the Lethargy , is a good preservative against , and a remedy for any Plaguesore , or foul Ulcer : taketh away spots and blemishes in the skin , easeth pains of the ears , ripeneth and breaketh Imposthumes or other swellings : And for al these Diseases , the Onyons are also effectual . But the Garlick hath some more peculiar Vertues besides the former , viz. It hath a special quality to discuss the inconveniences coming by corrupt Agues or Mineral vapors , or by drinking corrupt and stinking Waters ; as also by taking of Wolf-bane , Henbane , Hemlock , or other poysonful and dangerous herbs . It is also held good in Hydropick Diseases , the Jaundice , Falling-sickness Cramps , Convulsions , the Piles or Hemorrhoids or other cold Diseases .

Many Authors quote many Diseases this is good for , but conceal its Vices : Its heat is very vehement , and al vehement hot things send up but ill favor'd vapors to the Brain : in Chollerick men 't wil ad fuel to the fire , in men oppressed by Melancholly , 't wil attenuate the humor , and send up strange Fancies , and as many strange Visions to the Head : therfore let it be taken inwardly with great moderation , outwardly you may make more bold with it .

Gentian , Felwort , or Baldmony .

IT is confessed that Gentian which is most used amongst us , is brought over from beyond Sea : yet have we two sorts of it growing frequently in our Nation , which besides the Reasons so frequently alleadged , Why English Herbs should be fittest for English bodies ? hath been proved by the experience of divers able Physitians to be not a whit inferior in Vertue to that which cometh from beyond Sea : therfore be pleased to take the Description of them as followeth .

Description . ] The greater of the two hath many smal long Roots thrust down deep in the ground , and abiding al the winter . The stalks are somtime more , somtimes fewer , of a brownish green colour , which is somtimes two foot high , if the ground be fruitful , having many long , narrow , dark green Leavs , set by couples up to the top : the Flowers are long and hollow , of a purple colour , ending in five corners .

The smaller sort which is to be found in our Land , groweth up with sundry Stalks not a foot high , parted into several smal branches , wheron divers smal Leavs together , very like those of the lesser Centaury or whitish green colour ; on the top of the stalks grow divers perfect blue Flowers , standing in long husks , but not so big as the other : the Root is very smal , and ful of thrids .

Place . ] The first groweth in divers places both of the East and West Countries , and as wel in wet as in dry Grounds , as neer Long-field by Graves-end neer Cobham in Kent , neer Lellingstone in Kent , also in a Chalky-pit hard by a Paper-mill not far from Dartford in Kent .

The Second groweth also in divers places in Kent , as about Southfleet , and Longfield upon Barton hills in Bedfordshire : also not far from St Albans upon a piece of wast Chalky ground as you go out of Dunstable way towards Gorkambury .

Time . ] They Flower in August .

Government and Vertues . ] They are under the Dominion of Mars , and is one of the principallist Herbs he is Ruler of . They resist Putrifaction , Poyson , Pestilence : neither can a more sure Remedy be found to prevent the Pestilence than it is . Poyson , Pestilence , Stomach , Indigestion , Heart , preserveth , Fainting , swooning , Biting of mad-dogs , venemous Beasts , Liver , Apetite , Weariness , Joynts , Stitches , Sides , Bruises , Urine provoks , Cramp Convulsions , stone , Ruptures tough Flegm , scabs , Itch , sors Ulcers , Worms , Kings-Evil , Agues , yellow-Jaundice , Bots Venem . Beasts . It strengthens the Stomach exceedingly , and helps Digestion , it preserves the Heart , and preserves it against Fainting and Swooning , the Pouder of the dry Roots helps the biting of mad-Dogs , and Venemous Beasts , opens Obstructions of the Liver , and restoreth an Apetite to their Meat to such as have lost it : The Herb steeped in Wine , and the Wine drunk , refresheth such as are over-weary with Travel , and are grown lame in their joynts either by cold or evil lodgings : It helps stitches and griping pains in the Sides : and is an excellent Remedy for such as are Bruised by Falls : It provokes Urine , and the Terms exceedingly , therfore let it not be given to Women with Child : The same is very profitable for such as are troubled with Cramps and Convulsions to drink the Decoction : Also they say it breaks the Stone , and helps Ruptures most certainly : It is very excellent in al cold Diseases , and for such as are troubled with tough Flegm , Scabs , Itch , or any fretting Sores and Ulcers : It is an admirable Remedy to kil the Worms by taking half a dram of the Pouder in the morning in any convenient Liquor , the same is excellent good to be taken inwardly for the Kings-Evil : It helps Agues of al sorts , and the yellow Jaundice , as also the Bots in Cattel when Kine are bitten on the Udder by any venemous Beast , do but stroak the place with the Decoction of any of these , and it wil instantly help them .

Clove-gilli-Flowers .

IT is in vain to describe an Herb so wel known .

Government and Vertues . ] They are gallant fine temperate Flowers , of the nature , and under the Dominion of Jupiter ; yea , so temperate , that no excess , neither in heat , cold , driness , nor moisture can be pe●ceived in them : they are great strengthners both of the Brain and Heart , and wil therfore serve either for Cordials or Cephalicks as your occasion wil serve : Brain , Heart , consumptions , strengthens Nature . There is both a Syrup and a Conserve made of them , and of them alone commonly to be had at every Apothecaries to take now and then a little of either , strengthens Nature much in such as are in Consumptions . They are also excellent good in hot Pestilential Feavers , and expel Poyson .

Germander .

Descript. ] COmmon Germander shooteth forth sundry stalks with smal and somwhat round Leavs , dented about the edges : The Flowers stand at the tops , of a deep purple colour : The Roots is composed of divers sprigs , which shoot forth a great way round about , quickly overspreading a Ground .

Place . ] It groweth usually with us in Gardens .

Time . ] And Flowereth in June , or July .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a most prevalent Herb of Mercury , and strengthens the Brain and Apprehension exceedingly : you may see what humane Vertues are under Mercury in the latter end of my Ephemeris for 1651 strengthen them when weak ; relieve them , when drooping , by this Herb . This taken with Hony ( saith Dioscorides ) is a remedy for Coughs , for hardness of the Spleen , and difficulty of Urin , and helpeth those that are fallen into a Dropsie , Cough , Spleen , Disury , Dropsie Terms provoks Dead Child , Poyson , Ulcers , Cramps , Agues , Falling-sicknes Head-ach , Melancholly , Dulness of spirit , Convulsion , Palsey , yellow jaundice , worms . especially at the beginning of the Disease , a Decoction being made therof when it is green , and drunk : It also bringeth down Womens Courses , and expelleth the dead Child : It is most effectual against the Poyson of al Serpents , being drunk in Wine and the bruised Herb outwardly applyed , used with Hony , it clenseth old and foul Ulcers , and made into an Oyl , and the Eyes anointed therwith , taketh away their dimness and moistness : It is likewise good for the pains in the sides , and Cramps . The Decoction therof taken for some daies together , driveth away and cureth both Tertian and Quartan Agues . It is also good against al Diseases of the Brain , as continual Head-ach , Falling-sickness , Melancholly Drowsines and Dulness of Spirit , Convulsions , and Palsies . A Dram of the Seed taken in Pouder , purgeth by Urin , and is good against the yellow Jaundice . The juyce of the Leavs dropped into the Ears , killeth the Worms in them . The tops therof when they are in flower steeped twenty four hours in a draught of white Wine and drunk , killeth Worms in the Belly .

Stinking Gladwin .

Descript. ] THis is one of the kinds of flower-de-luces , having divers Leavs rising from the Roots very like a Flower-de-luce , but that they are sharp edged on both sides , and thicker in the middle , of a deeper green color , narrower and sharper pointed , and of a strong ill scent if they be bruised between the fingers : In the middle riseth up a reasonable strong stalk a yard high at least , beareth 3 or 4 Flowers at the top , made somwhat like the Flowers of the Flower-de-luce , with three upright leavs of a dead purplish Ash-color with some Veins discoloured in them , the other three do not fal down , nor the three other smal ones are so arched , nor cover the lower Leavs as the Flower deluce doth , but stand loose , or asunder from them : After they are past , ther come up three square hard husks opening wide into three parts when they are ripe , wherin lie reddish seed , turning black when it hath abidden long : The Root is like that of the Flower-de-luce , but reddish on the out-side , and whitish within , very sharp and hot in taste of as evil a scent as the Leavs .

Place . ] This groweth as wel on the Up-land grounds as also in moist places , in Woods , and shadowy places by the Sea side in many places of this Land , and is usually nursed up in Gardens .

Time . ] It flowereth not until July , and the seed is ripe in August or September , yet the Husks after they are ripe , opening themselves , wil hold their seeds within them for 2 or 3 Months , and not shed them .

Government and Vertues . ] It is supposed to be under the Dominion of Saturn . It is used by many Country people to purge corrupt Flegm and Choller , Flegm , Choller , Head , Cramp Convulsion Gout ; Sciatica , Belly-ach , Strangury , Fluxes , Terms provokes , Disury , Spleen , Wounds , Splinters , Thorns , B●●k●n Bones . Kings Evil , Itch , Scab● , Blemishes in the Skin . which they do by drinking the Decoction of the Roots , and some to make it work more gently , do but infuse the sliced Roots in Ale , and some take the Leavs which serveth wel for the weaker stomachs . The juyce hereof put up , or snuffed up the Nose , causeth sneezing , and draweth from the Head much corruption ; and the Pouder therof doth the same : The Pouder therof drunk in Wine , helpeth those that are troubled with Cramps and Convulsion , or with the Gout or Sciatica , and giveth ease to those that have any griping pains in their Body or Belly , and helpeth those that have the Strangury . It is given with much profit to those that have had long Fluxes by the sharp and evil quality of humors , which it stayeth , having first clensed and purged them by the drying and binding property therin . The Root boyled in Wine and drunk , doth effectually procure Womens Courses , and used as 〈◇〉 Pessary , worketh the same effects , but causeth Abortion in Women with Child . Half a dram of the seed beaten to Pouder , and taken in Wine , doth speedily cause one to piss which otherwise cannot . The same taken with Vinegar , dissolveth the hardness and swellings of the Spleen . The Root is very effectual in al Wounds , and especially of the Head , as also to draw forth any Splinters , Thorns , Broken Bones , or any other thing sticking in the Flesh , without causing pain , being used with a little Verdigreese and Hony , and the great Centaury Root : The same boyled in Vinegar and laid upon any Tumor or Swelling , doth very effectually dissolve and consume them , yea even the swellings of the Throat called the Kings evil . The juyce of the Leavs and Roots healeth the Itch , and al running or spreading Scabs or Sores , and Blemishes , or Scars in the Skin whersoever they be .

Golden Rod .

Descript. ] THis riseth up with brownish smal round stalks , two foot high and somtimes more , having theron many narrow and long dark green leavs , very seldom with any dents about the edges , or any strakes or white spots therin , yet they are somtimes so found , divided at the tops into many smal branches , with divers smal yellow Flowers on every one of them , all which are turned one way , and being ripe do turn into Down , and are carried away with the Wind . The Root consisteth of many smal fibres which grow not deep in the ground , but abideth al the Winter therin , shooting forth new branches every year , the old ones dying down to the ground .

Place . ] It groweth in the open places of Woods , and Copses both moist and dry grounds in many places of this Land .

Time . ] It Flowereth about the Month of July .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus claims the Herb , and therfore to be sure , it restores Beauty lost . Arnoldus de villa nova , commendeth it much against the Stone in the Reins and Kidneys , and to provoke Urin in abundance , Beauty lost , Stone , Gravel , Disury , wounds Flux , Bloudy-Flux , Terms stops , Ruptures ulcers , Sore Mouth , and Throat , Teethloose . wherby also the Gravel or Stone may be avoided . The Decoction of the Herb green or dry , or the distilled Water therof is very effectual for inward Bruises , as also to be outwardly applyed , it stayeth bleedings in any part of the Body , and of Wounds also , the Fluxes of Humors , the Bloudy-Flux , and Womens Courses : and is no less prevalent in al Ruptures or Burstings , being drunk inwardly and outwardly applyed . It is a soveraign Wound-Herb , inferior to none , both for inward and outward hurts , green Wounds , and old Sores , and Ulcers are quickly cured therwith . It is also of especial use in al Lotions for Sores , or Ulcers in the Mouth , Throat , or privy Parts of man or Woman . The decoction also helpeth to fasten the Teeth that are loose in the Gums .

Goutwort , or Herb-Gerrard .

Descript. ] THis is a low Herb seldom rising half a yard high , having sundry Leavs standing on brownish green stalks by threes , snipped about , and of a strong unpleasant savor . The Umbels of Flowers are white , and the Seed blackish , the Root runneth in the Ground , quickly taking up a great deal of room .

Place . ] It groweth by Hedg and Wall sides , and often in the Borders or Corners of Fields , and in Gardens also .

Time . ] It Flowereth and Seedeth about the end of July .

Government and Vertues . ] Saturn rules it : neither is it to be supposed Goutwort had not his name for nothing , but upon good experience to help the cold Gout , Gout , Sciatica , Joynts . and Sciatica , as also Joynt-aches , and other cold Griefs . The very bearing of it about one , easeth the pains of the Gout , & defends him that bears it from the diseas .

Gromel .

OF this I shal briefly describe three kinds , which are principally used in Physick , the Vertues wherof are alike , though somwhat different in their manner and form of growing .

Description . ] The greater Gromel groweth up with slender hard and hairy stalks trailing and taking Root in the ground as it lyeth theron , and parted into many other smaller branches with hairy dark green leavs theron . At the Joynts with the Leavs come forth very smal blue flowers , and after them hard stony roundish seed . The Root is long and Woody , abiding the winter , and shooting forth fresh stalks in the Spring .

The smal wild Gromel sendeth forth divers upright hard branched stalks two or three foot high , ful of joynts , at every of which groweth smal , long , hard , and rough Leavs like the former but lesser , among which Leavs come forth smal white Flowers , and after them grayish round Seed like the former . The Root is not very long , but with many strings therat .

The garden Gromel hath divers upright slender woody hairy stalks brown and crested , very little branched , with leavs like the former , and white Flowers , after which in rough brown Husks is contained a white hard round Seed , shining like Pearls , and greater than either of the former : The Root is like the first Described , with divers Branches and Strings thereat ; which continueth ( as the first doth ) al Winter .

Place . ] The two First grow wild in barren or untilled places , and by the Way sides in many places of this Land . The last is a Nursling in the Gardens of the curious .

Time . ] They al Fower from Midsummer unto September somtimes , and in the mean time the seed ripeneth .

Government and Vertues . ] The Herb belongs to Dame Venus , and therfore if Mars cause the Chollick or Stone , as usually he doth if in Virgo : this is your Cure . These are accounted to be of as singular force as any other Herb or Seed whatsoever , Stone , Gravel , Strangury , Travail in Women . to break the Stone , and to avoid it and the Gravel either in the Reins or Bladder : as also to provoke Urine being stopped , and to help the Strangury . The Seed is of greatest use , being bruised and boyled in white Wine , or in Broth , or the like , or the Pouder of the Seed taken therin : Two drams of the Seed in Pouder taken with Womens Breast-milk , is very effectual to procure a speedy Delivery to such Women as have sore pains in their Travel , and cannot be delivered . The Herb it self ( when the Seed is not to be had ) either boyled , or the juyce therof drunk , is effectual to al the purposes aforesaid , but not so powerful or speedy in operation .

Goosberry Bush .

CAlled also Feapberry , and in Sussex Dewberry Bush , and in some Countries Wine-berries .

Government and Vertues . ] They are under the Dominion of Venus . Appetite , stomach , womens Longing , Swellings , Inflamations , St. Anthonies fire , stomach , Liver , stone , Gravel , Worms . The Berries whilst they are unripe being scalded or baked , are good to stir up a fainting or decaying Appetite , especially such whose Stomachs are afflicted by Chollerick humors : They are excellent good to stay the Longings of women with Child : They may easily keep them preserved with Sugar al the yeer long . The Decoction of the Leavs of the Tree cools hot swellings and Inflamations , as also St. Anthonies fire . The ripe Goosberries being eaten , are an excellent remedy to allay the violent heat both of the Stomach and Liver . The yong and tender Leavs break the Stone , and expel Gravel both from the Kidneys and Bladder : Al the evils they do to the Body of Man is , they are supposed to breed Crudities , and by Crudities , Worms .

Winter Green .

Descript. ] THis sendeth forth seven , eight , or nine Leavs from a smal brownish creeping Root , every one standing upon a long Footstalk , which are almost as broad as long , round pointed , of a sad green color , and hard in handling , and like the Leaf of a Pear-tree , from whence ariseth a slender weak Stalk , yet standing upright , bearing at the top many smal , white , and sweet smelling Flowers , laid open like a Star , consisting of five round pointed Leavs , with many yellowish thrids standing in the middle , about a green Head , and a long stile with them , which in time groweth to be the Seed Vessel , which being ripe is sound five square with a smal point at it , wherin is contained Seed as smal as dust .

Place . ] It groweth seldom in the Fields , but frequently in the Woods Northwards , viz. In Yorkshire , Lancashire , and Scotland .

Time . ] It flowreth about June or July .

Government and Vertues . ] Winter-green is under the Dominion of Saturn , and is a singular good Wound Herb , and an especial Remedy for to heal green Wounds speedily , Wounds , Ulcers , Kidneys , Bladder , Flux , bloody flux , Terms , stops , Inflamations , Cankers , fistulaes . the green Leavs being bruised and applied , or the Juyce of them : A Salve made of the green Herbs stamped , or the Juyce boyled with Hogs Lard , or with Sallat Oyl and Wax , and some Turpentine added unto it , is a Soveraign salve , and highly extolled by the Germans , who much use it to heal al manner of Wounds and Sores . The Herb boyled in Wine and Water , and given to drink to them that have any inward Ulcers in their Kidnies , or Neck of the Bladder , doth wonderfully help them : It staieth also al Fluxes , whether of Blood or Humors , as the Lask , bloody flux , Womens Courses , and bleeding of wounds , and taketh away any inflamation rising upon pains of the Heart . It is no less helpful for foul Ulcers hard to be cured , as also for Cankers or Fistulaes . The distilled water of the Herb doth effectually perform the same things .

Groundsel .

Descript. ] OUr common Groundsel hath a round , green , and somwhat brownish Stalk , spread toward the top into Branches , set with long , and somwhat narrow green Leaves cut in on the edges , somwhat like the Oak Leaves , but lesser , and round at the ends ; at the tops of the Branches stand many smal green Heads , out of which grow smal yellow threds or thrums , which are the Flowers , and continue many daies blown in that manner before it pass away into Down , and with the Seed is carried away in the wind . The Root is smal and threddy , and soon perisheth , and as soon riseth again of its own sowing , so that it may be seen many months in the yeer , both green , and in flower , and seed , for it wil spring and seed twice in a yeer at least if it be suffered in a Garden .

Place . ] This groweth almost every where , as wel on the tops of Wals , as at the foot among Rubbish , and untilled grounds , but especially in Gardens .

Time . ] It Flowreth as is said before , almost in every Month through the yeer .

Government and Vertues . ] This Herb is Venus her Mris . piece , and is as gallant an Universal Medicine for al Diseases coming of heat whatsoever they be , Choller in the Stomach , yellow Jaundice , Falling-sickness , Disury , Gravel , Sciatica , Chollick , Liver , Terms provokes , Womens , Breasts , Privy parts , Arteries Joynts & sinews over heated , Kernels , Wounds in the Sinews , Inflamations in the Eyes . or in what part of the Body soever they lie , as the Sun shines upon , 't is very safe and friendly to the Body of man , yet causeth Vomiting if the Stomach be afflicted , if not , purging , and it doth it with more gentleness than can be expected . 't is moist and somwhat cold withal , thereby causing expulsion , and repressing the heat caused by the motion of the internal parts in Purges and Vomits : Lay by your Learned Receipts , Take so much Senna , so much Scammony , so much Colocynthis , so much Infusion of Crocus Metallorum , &c. this Herb alone preserved in a Syrup , in a distilled Water , in an Oyntment , shal do the deed for you in al hot Diseases , and it shal do it , 1. Safely , 2. Speedily .

The Decoction of the Herb ( saith Dioscorides ) made with Wine and drunk , helpeth the pains of the Stomach proceeding of Choller ( which it may wel do by a Vomit , as dayly experience sheweth ) The Juyce hereof taken in Drink , or the Decoction of it in Ale , gently performeth the same : It is good against the Jaundice and Falling-sickness , being taken in Wine ; as also against difficulty of making Water ; it provoketh Urin , expelleth Gravel in the Reins or Kidneys ; a dram thereof given in Oximel , after some walking or stirring the Body ; It helpeth also the Sciatica , griping of the Belly and the Chollick , helpeth the defects of the Liver , and provoketh Womens Courses . The fresh Herb boyled and made into a Pultis and applied to the Breasts of Women that are swollen with pain and heat , as also to the privy Parts of Man or Woman , the Seat , or Fundament , or the Arteries , Joynts , and Sinews when they are inflamed and swoln , doth much ease them : and used with some Salt helpeth to dissolve Knots or Kernels in any part of the Body . The Juyce of the Herb or ( as Dioscorides saith ) the Leavs and Flowers with some Fine Frankinsence in Pouder , used in Wounds of the Body , Nervs , or Sinews , doth singularly help to heal them . The Distilled Water of the Herb performeth wel al the aforesaid Cures , but especially for Inflamations or watering of the Eyes by reason of the Defluxion of Rhewm into them .

Harts-ease .

THis is that Herb which such Physitians as are Licensed to blaspheme by Authority without danger , having their tongues bored through with a hot Iron , cal an Herb of the Trinity ; it is also called by those that are more moderate , Three Faces in a Hood , Live in Idleness , Cul-me-to-you ; and in Sussex we cal them Pansies .

Place . ] Besides those which are brought up in Gardens , they grow commonly about , wild in the Field , especially in such as are very barren ; somtimes you may find it on the tops on high hils .

Time . ] They Flower al the Spring and Summer long .

Government and Vertues . ] The Herb is really Saturnine , somthing cold viscous , French Pox , Convulsions , falling-sickness , inflamations in the Breast and Lungs , Pleuresie , Scabs , Itch. and slimy : A strong Decoction of the Herbs and Flowers ( if you wil you may make it into a Syrup , or distilled in an Alembick with what Vehecle you pleas ) is an excellent Cure for the French Pox , the Herb being a gallant Antivenerian ; and that Antivenerians are the best Cure for that Disease , far better and safer than to torment them with the Flux divers forraign Physitians have confessed : The Spirit of it is excellent good for the convulsions in Children , as also for the Falling-sickness , and a gallant remedy for Inflamations of the Lungs and Breast , Pleuresie , Scabs , Itch , &c. It is under the Coelestial Sign Cancer .

Hartichokes .

THe Latins cal them Cinera , only our Colledg cals them Artichokus .

Government and Vertues . ] They are under the Dominion of Venus and therfore it is no marvel if they provoke Lust much , as indeed they do , Lust provoketh , Nocturnal Polutions , Purgeth by Urin . being somthing windy meat , and yet they stay the involuntary course of Natural Seed in Man , which is commonly called Nocturnal Polutions . And here I care not greatly if I quote a little of Galens nonsense in his Treatise of the Faculties of Nourishments , he saith they contain plenty of Chollerick Juyce ( which notwithstanding I can scarcely beleeve ) of which he saith is ingendred Melancholly Juyce , and of that Melancholly Juyce , thin Chollerick Blood ; but to proceed : this is certain , That the Decoction of the Root boyled in Wine , or the Root bruised and distilled in an in an Alembick , and being drunk purgeth by Urin exceedingly .

Harts-Tongue .

Descript. ] THis hath divers Leavs rising from the Root , every one severally , which fold themselvs in their first springing and spreading ; when they are full grown are about a foot long , smooth and green above , but hard and with little Sap in them , and straked on the back athwart on both sides of the middle Rib , with smal and somwhat long brownish marks ; the bottoms of the Leavs are a little bowed on each side of the middle Rib somwhat narrow with the length , and somwhat smal at the end . The Root is of many black threds , folded or interlaced together .

Time . ] It is green al the Winter , but new Leavs spring every yeer .

Government and Vertues . ] Jupiter claims Dominion over this Herb , therfore is a singular Remedy for the Liver , both to strengthen it when weak , and ease it when afflicted , 't is no matter by what : you should do wel to keep it in a Syrup al the yeer , for though Authors say 't is green al the yeer , Spleen , Liver , Flux , Bloody flux , Hiccough , Gums , venemous Beasts . I scarce beleev it . Ha ts-tongue is much commended against the hardness and stoppings of the Spleen and Liver , and against the heat of the Liver and Stomach , and against Lasks and the bloody Flux : The distilled Water therof is also very good against the Passions of the Heart , and to stay the Hiccough to help he falling of the Pillar , and stay the bleeding of the G●ns being gargled in the mouth . Dioscorides saith it is good against the stinging or biting of Serpents .

As tor the use of it , my Directions ●t latter end wil be sufficient , and enough for those that are studious in Physick to whet their Brains upon for one yeer or two .

The Hazel Nut .

HAzel Nuts are so wel known to every Boy , that they need no Description .

Government and Vertues . ] They are under the Dominion of Mercury . The parched Kernels made into an Electuary , or the milk drawn from the K●●nels with Mead or Honeyed Water , is very good to help an old Cough ; Cough , Ph●isick , Flux , Terms stops . and being parched and a little Pepper put to them and drunk , digesteth the distillations of Rhewm from the Head : The dried Husks and Shels to the weight of two drams taken in red Wine , stayeth Lasks , and Womens Courses , and so doth the red Skin that covers the Kernels which is more effectual to stay Womens Courses .

And if this be true as it is , then why should the Vulgar so familiarly affirm , That eating Nuts causeth shortness of breath , than which nothing is falser ; for how can that which strengthen the Lungs cause shortness of breath ? I confess the Opinion is far older than I am , I knew Tradition was a Friend to Errors before , but never that he was the Father of Slanders ; or are mens tongues so given to slandering one another that they must slander Nuts too , to keep their tongues in ure ? If any thing of the Hazel Nut be stopping 't is the Husks and Shels , and no body is so mad to eat them unless Physically , and the red Skin which covers the Kernel which 〈◇〉 may easily pul off . And thus have I made an Apology for Nuts which cannot speak for themselves .

Hawkweed .

Descript. ] IT hath many large Leavs lying on the ground , much rent or torn on the sides into many gashes like Dandelyon , but with greater parts more like the smooth Sow-Thistle , from among which ariseth a hollow rough stalk two or three foot high branched from the middle upward , wherein are set at every joynt longer Leavs , little or nothing rent or cut in , beating at their top sundry pale yellow Flowers consisting of many smal narrow Leavs , broad pointed , and nicked in at the ends , set in a double row or more the outermost being larger than the inner , which form most of the Hawkweeds ( for there are many kinds of them ) do hold , which turn into Down , and with the smal brownish Seeds , is blown away with the wind : The Root is long and somwhat greater , with many smal fibres therat . The whol is ful of bitter milk .

Place . ] It groweth in divers places about Field sides , and the Path-waies in dry grounds .

Time . ] It flowreth and flies away in the Summer Months .

Government and Vertues . ] Saturn owns it . Hawkweed ( saith Dioscorides ) is cooling , Cools , Dries , Binds , gnawing in the Stomach , Inflamations , Agues , Crudity , desury , Venemous Beasts , Poyson , Dropsie , flegm , chollick , spleen , Watching , Lust stops , Venerious Dreams , Reins , Bladder , Eyes , Ulcers , Burnings , Inflamations , St. Anthonies fire , Heat , salt flegm , Convulsion , Cramp , Freckles , spots , Morphew , Wrinkles . somwhat drying and binding , and therfore good for the heat of the Stomach , and gnawings therin , for Inflamations , and the hot fits of Agues . The Juyce therof in Wine , helpeth digestion , discusseth wind , hindreth crudities abiding in the Stomach , and helpeth the difficulty of making Water , the biting of venemous Serpents , and sting of the Scorpion , if the Herb be also outwardly applied to the place , and is very good against al other Poysons . A scruple of the dryed Juyce given in Wine and Vinegar is profitable for those that have the Dropsie . The Decoction of the Herb taken with Honey , digesteth thin flegm in the Chest or Lungs , and with Hysop helpeth the Cough . The Decoction therof and of wild Succory made with Wine and taken helpeth the wind chollick and hardness of the Spleen , it procureth rest and sleep , hindreth Venery and Venerious Dreams , cooleth heats , purgeth the stomach , encreaseth blood , and helpeth the diseases of the Reins and Bladder . Outwardly applied it is singular good for al the defects and diseases of the Eyes , used with some Womens Milk , and is used with good success in fretting or creeping Ulcers , especially in the beginning . The green Herb b●uised , and with a little Salt applied to any place burnt with fire before blisters do arise , helpeth them , as also Inflamations , St. Anthonies fire , and al Pushes , and Eruptions , Heat , and salt Flegm . The same applied with Meal and fair Water in manner of a Pultiss to any place affected with Convulsions and the Cramp , or such as are out of Joynt doth give help and ease . The distilled water clenseth the Skin and taketh away freckles , Spots , the Morphew or Wrinkles in the face .

The Hawthorn .

IT is not my intent to trouble you with a Description of this Tree , which is so wel know that it needeth none .

It is ordinarily but a Hedg Bush , although being pruned and dressed , it groweth to be a Tree of a reasonable height .

As for the Hawthorn Tree at Glastenbury , which is said to Flower yeerly on Christmas Day , it rather shews the Superstition of those who observe it for the time or its Flowring , than any great wonder , sith the like may be found in divers other places of this Land ; as in Whey-street in Rummey Marsh , and neer unto Namptwich in Cheshire by a place called White Green , where if the Winter be mild , they wil have white Blossoms al over before and about Christmas ; as in May if the weather be frosty , it flowreth not until January , or that the hard weather be over .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Tree of Mars . The Berries , or the Seeds in the Berries beaten to Pouder and drunk in Wine , are held singular good against the Stone , Stone , Dropsie , Flux , Inward pains , Splinters , Thorns . and are good for the Dropsie . The distilled Water of the Flower stayeth the Lask . The Seeds cleered from the Down , bruised and boyled in Wine and drunk is good for inward tormenting pains : It cloathes and spunges be wet in the said distilled water and applied to any place wherein Thorns , Splinters , or the like , do abide in the Flesh , it wil notably draw them forth .

And thus you see the Thorn gives a Medicine for his own pricking , and so doth almost every thing els .

Hemlock .

Descript. ] THe common great Hemlock groweth up with a green stalk , four or five foot high or more , ful of red spots somtimes , and at the Joynts very large winged Leavs set at them which are divided into many other winged Leavs , one set against another , dented about the edges , of a sad green color branched towards the top where it is full of umbels of white Flowers , and afterwards with whitish flat Seed : The Root is long , white , and somtimes crooked and hollow within ; the whol Plant and every part hath a strong , heady , and il favor'd scent , much offending the Senses .

Place . ] It groweth in al Countries of this Land by Wals and Hedges sides , in wast grounds and untilled places .

Time . ] It flowreth and seedeth in July , or thereabouts .

Government and Vertues . ] Saturn claims Dominion over the Herb ; yet I wonder why it may not be applied to the Privities in a Priapismus , or continual standing of the Yard , it being very beneficial for that Diseas ; I suppose my Authors Judgment was first upon the opposite Disposition of Saturn to Venus in those Faculties , and therfore he forbid the applying of it to those parts that it might not caus Barrenness , or spoil the Spirit Procreative , which if it do , yet applied to the Privities it stops lustful thoughts . Lechery . Hemlock is exceeding cold , and very dangerous , especially to be taken inwardly : It may safely be applied to Inflamations . Inflamtions , St. Anthonies Fire , Tetters , Ringworms , Eyes , Pin and Web , Gout . Tumors , and Swelling in any part of the Body ( save the privy Parts ) as also to St. Anthonies fire , Wheals Pushes , and creeping Ulcers that rise of hot sharp Humors , by cooling & repelling the heat . The Leavs bruised & laid to the Brow or Forehead , is good for their Eyes that are red and Swollen , as also to take away a Pin and Web growing in the Eye , this is a tried Medicine : Take a smal handful of the Herb , and half so much Bay Salt beaten together , and applied to the contrary Wrest of the Hand for twenty four hours , doth remove it in thrice dressing . If the Root hereof be roasted under the Embers , wrapped in double wet Papers , until it be soft and tender , and then applied to the Gout in the Hands or Fingers , it wil quickly help this evil , If any shal through mistake eat the Herb Hemlock instead of Parsly , or the Root instead of a Parsnip ( both which it is very like ) whereby hapneth a kind of Phrensie , or perturbation of the Sences , as if they were stupified or drunk , the Remedy is as Pliny saith , To drink of the best and strongest pure Wine , before it strike to the Heart , or Gentian put into Wine , or a draught of good Vinegar , wherewith Tragus doth affirm that he cured a Woman that had eaten the Root .

Hemp .

THis is so wel known to every good Huswife in the Country , that I shal not need to write any Description of it .

Time . ] It is sown in the end of March , or beginning of April , and is ripe in Angust or September .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Plant of Saturn , and good for somthing else you see than to make Halters only . The Seed of Hemp consumeth Wind , Wind , Cough , Jaundice , Gall , Choller , Flux , Chollick , Bleeding , Worms , Earwigs , Inflamation , Gout , Sinews shrunk . and by the much use thereof disperseth it so much that it drieth up the natural Seed for Procreation ; yet being boyled in Milk and taken , helpeth such as have a hot dry Cough . The Dutch make an Emulsion out of the Seed , and give it with good success to those that have the Jaundice , especially in the beginning of the Diseas if there be no Ague accompanying it , for it openeth Obstructions of the Gall , and causeth digestion of Choller . The Emulsion or Decoction of the Seed stayeth Lasks and continual fluxes , easeth the Chollick , and allayeth the troublesom humors in the Bowels , and stayeth bleeding at the Mouth , Nose , or other place , som of the Leavs being fried with the blood of them that bleed , and so given then to eat . It is held very good to kil the Worms in man or beast , and the Juyce dropped into the Ears , killeth Worms in them , and draweth forth Earwigs , or other living Creatures gotten into them . The Decoction of the Root allayeth Inflamations in the Head or any other parts ; the Herb it self , or the distilled Water thereof doth the like : The Decoction of the Roots easeth the pains of the Gout , the hard tumors or knots in the Joynts , the pains and shrinking of the Sinews , and the pains of the Hips : The fresh Juyce mixed with a little Oyl and Butter , is good for any place that hath been burnt with fire , being thereto applied .

Henbane .

Descript. ] OUr common Henbane hath very large , thick , soft , woolly Leavs lying upon the ground , much cut in or to●n on the edges , of a dark ill grayish green color , among which rise up divers thick and short Stacks two or three foot high , spread into divers smaller branches with lesser Leavs on them , and many hollow Flowers scarce appearing above the Husks , and usually torn on the one side , ending in five round points growing one above another , of a deadish yellow color , somwhat pal●● toward the edges , with many purplish Veins therein , and of a dark yellowish purple in the bottom of the Flower , with a smal pointel of the same color in the middle , each of them standing in a hard close Husk , which after the Flower is past , groweth very like the Husk of Asarahacca , and somwhat sharp at the top points , wherein is contained much smal Seed very like Poppy Seed , but of a duskie grayish color . The Root is great , white , and thick , branching forth divers waies under ground , so like a Parsnip Root ( but that it is not so white ) that it hath deceived divers . The whol Plant more than the Root hath a heavy ill so poriferous smel somwhat offensive .

Place . ] It commonly groweth by the way sides , and under Hedg sides and Walls .

Time . ] It Flowreth in July , and springeth again yeerly of its own Seed .

I doubt my Authors mistook July for June , if not for May .

Government and Vertues . ] I wonder in my heart how Astrologers could take on them to make this an Herb of Jupiter , and yet Mizaldus , a man of a penetrating Brain , was also of that Opinion as wel as the rest ; the Herb is indeed under the Dominion of Saturn , and I prove it by this Argument ,

All the Herbs which delight most to grow in Saturnine places , are Saturnine Herbs .

But Henbane delights most to grow in Saturnine places , and whol Cart loads of it may be found neer the places where they empty the common Jakes , and scarce a stinking Ditch to be found without it growing by it .

Ergo 't is an Herb of Saturn .

The Leavs of Henbane do cool all hot Inflamations in the Eyes , Inflamation , Cods , Womens Breasts , Gout , Sciatica , Joynts Watching , Deafness , Noise in the Ears , Chilblains , Kibes , or any other part of the Body ; and are good to asswage al manner of swellings of the Cods or Womens Breasts , or elswhere , if they be boyled in Wine , and either applied themselvs or the Fomentation warm ; it also asswageth the pain of the Gout , the Sciatica , and al other pains in the Joynts which arise from an hot caus . And applied with Vinegar to the Forehead and Temples , helpeth the headach and want of sleep in hot Feavers . The Juyce of the Herb or Seed , or the Oyl drawn from the Seed doth the like . The Oyl of the Seed is helpful for the Deafness , Noise , and Worms in the Ears , being dropped therein ; the Juyce of the Herb or Root doth also the same . The Decoction of the Herb or Seed , or both , killeth Lice in Man and Beast . The fume of the dried Herb , Stalks , and Seed burned , quickly healeth Swellings , Chilblains , or Kibes in the Hands or Feet , by holding them in the fume therof . The Remedy to help those that have taken Henbane , is to drink Goats Milk , Honeyed Water , or Pine Kernels , with Sweet Wine : or in the absence of these , Fennel Seed , Nettle Seed , the Seed of Cresses , Mustard , or Rha●ish , as also Onions , or Garlick taken in Wine , do al help to free them from danger , and restore them to their due temper again .

Take notice that this Herb must never be taken inwardly ; outwardly , an Oyl , Oyntment , or Plaister of it , is most admirable for the Gout , French Pox . Toothach . to cool the Venerial heat of the Reins in the French Pox , to stop the Toothach being applied to the aching side , to allay all Inflamations , and to help the Diseases before premised .

Hedg-Hysop .

Descript. ] THere are divers sorts of this Plant , the first of which is an Italian by Birth , and only nursed up here in the Gardens of the Curious . Two or three sorts are to be found commonly growing wild here ; the Descriptions of two of which I shall give you : The first is a smooth low Plant , not a foot high , very bitter in tast , with many square Stalks , diversly branched from the bottom to the top , with divers Joynts , and two smal Leavs at each Joynt , broader at the bottom than they are at the end , a little dented about the edges , of a sad green color and ful of veins : The Flowers stand at the Joynts , being of a fair purple color , with some white spots in them , in fashion like those of dead Nettles : The Seed is smal and yellow , and the Roots spreadeth much under ground .

The second seldom groweth half a foot high , sending up many smal branches , whereon grow many smal Leavs set one against the other , somwhat broad , but very short : the Flowers are like the Flowers of the other in fashion , but of a pale reddish color : the Seeds are smal and yellowish : the Root spreadeth like the other , neither will it yield to its fellow one are of bitterness .

Place . ] They grow in wet low grounds , and by water sides : the last may be found amongst the Bogs on Hampsted Heath .

Time . ] They Flower in June and July , and the Seed is ripe presently after .

Government and Vertues . ] They are Herbs of Mars , and as chollerick and churlish as he is , Choller , Flegm , Dropsie , Gout , Sciatica , Worms , Ulcers , being most violent purgers , especially of Choller and Flegm : It is not safe taking them inwardly , unless they be wel rectified by the Art of the Alchymist , and only the purity of them given ; if so used , they may be very healthful both for the Dropsie , Gout and Sciatica : outwardly used in Oyntments , they kil Worms , the belly being anointed with it ; and are excellent good to clense old and filthy Ulcers .

Black Hellebore .

IT is called also Setter-wort , Setter-grass , Bears-foot , Christmas Herb , and Christmas Flower .

Description . ] It hath sundry fair green Leavs rising from the Root , each of them standing about a handful high from the Earth , each Leaf is divided into seven , eight , or nine parts , dented from the middle of the Leaf to the point on both sides , abiding green all the Winter ; about Christmas time , if the weather be any thing temperate , the Flowers appear upon Footstalks , also consisting of five large , round , white Leavs apiece , which somtimes are purple toward the edges , with many pale yellow thrums in the middle : The Seeds are divided into several Cels like those of Columbines , save only they are greater ; the Seeds are in color black , and in form long and round : The Root consisteth of a number numberless blackish strings , all united into one Head .

There is another black Hellebore which groweth up and down in the Woods very like this , but that only the Leavs are smaller and narrower , and perish in the Winter when this doth not .

Place . ] The first is maintained in Gardens : The second is commonly found in the Woods in Northamptonshire .

Time . ] The first flowreth in December or January ; the second in February or March .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Saturn , and therefore no marvel if it have some sullen conditions with it , and would be far safer being purified by the Art of the Alchymist , Melancholly , Quartain Agues , Madness , Falling-sickness , Leprosie , yellow & black Jaundice , Gout , Sciatica , Terms provokes , Ulcers , dead flesh , Cough & poyson in Cattel . than given raw . If any have taken any harm by taking it , the common cure is to take Goats Milk , if you cannot get Goats Milk , you must make a shift with such as you can get . The Roots are very effectual against al Melancholly Diseases , especially such as are of long standing , as Quartan Agues , and Madness ; it helps the Falling-sickness , and the Leprosie ; both the yellow and the black Jaundice , the Gout , Sciatica , Convulsions : and truly this was found out by experience , That the Roots of that which groweth wild in our own Country , work not so churlishly as those do which are brought from beyond Sea , as being maintained by a more temperate Air . The Root used as a Pessary provokes the Terms exceedingly ; also being beaten into Pouder and strewed upon soul Ulcers , it consumes the dead flesh , and instantly heals them ; nay , it wil help Gangrenes in the beginning , twenty grains taken inwardly is a sufficient Dose for one time , and let that be corrected with half so much Cinnamon . Country people used to rowel their Cattel with it : if a Beast be troubled with the Cough , or have taken any poyson , they bore a hole through his Ear , and put a piece of the Root in it ; this wil help him in twenty four hours time . Many other uses Farriers put it to , which I shal forbear .

Herb Robert .

Descript. ] THis riseth up with a reddish stalk two foot high , having divers Leavs theron upon very long and reddish footstalks , divided at the ends into three or five divisions , each of them out in on the edges some deeper than others , and all dented likewise about the edges , which often times turn reddish : At the tops of the Stalk come forth divers flowers made of five Leavs , much larger than the Doves foot , and of a more reddish color , after which come beak heads as in others : The Root is smal and threddy , and smelleth as the whol Plant very strong , almost stinking .

Place . ] This groweth frequently every where by Way sides , upon Ditch banks , and wast grounds whersoever one goeth .

Time . ] It flowreth in June and July chiefly , and the Seed is ripe shortly after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Venus . Herb Robert is commended not only against the Stone , but to stay Blood , Stone , bleeding , Terms stops , Wound , Ulcers in the Privities . where , or howsoever flowing ; it speedily healeth al green Wounds , and is effectual in old Ulcers in the privy parts , or elswhere . You may perswade your self this is true , and also conceive a good reason for it , if you do but consider 't is an Herb of Venus , for al it hath a mans name .

Herb Truelove , or Oneberry .

Descipt . ] THe ordinary Herb Truelove , hath a smal creeping Root running under the uper crust of the ground , somwhat like a Couchgrass Root but not so white , shooting forth stalks with Leavs , some whereof carry no berries , though others do , every stalk smooth without Joynts and blackish green , rising about half a foot high if it bear berries , otherwise seldom so high , bearing at the top four Leavs set directly one against another in manner of a Cross or a R●bband tied ( as it is called ) on a True-loves Knot , which are each of them apart , somwhat like unto a Nightshade Leaf , but somwhat broader , having somtimes three Leaves , somtimes five , somtimes six , & these somtimes greater than in others . In the middle of the four Leavs riseth up one smal slender Stalk about an inch high , bearing at the top therof one flower spread open like a star , consisting of four smal & narrow long pointed Leavs of a yellowish green color , and four other lying between them lesser than they ; in the middle wherof stands a round dark purplish Button or Head , compassed about with eight smal yellow mealy threds with three colors , make it the more conspicuous and lovely to behold : This Button or head in the middle , when the other Leavs are withered , becometh a blackish purple Berryful of Juyce of the bigness of a reasonable Grape , having within it many white Seeds : The whol Plant is without any manifest tast .

Place . ] It groweth in Woods and Copses , and somtimes in the corners or borders of Fields , and wast grounds in very many places , of this Land ; and abundantly in the Woods , Copses , and other places about Chislchurst and Maidstone in Kent .

Time . ] They spring up in the middle of April or May , and are in Flower soon after : The Berries are ripe in the end of May , and in some places in June .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus owns it . The Leavs or Berries hereof are effectual to expel poyson of al sorts , especially that of the Aconites ; Poyson , Pestilence , Feavers , Witchcraft Chollick , Wounds , Ulcers , Swellings in the Groyn , Cods and Privities , Inflamtions , Aposthumes . as also the Plague , and other Pestilential Diseases . Some have been holpen therby saith Mathiolus , that have lyen long in a lingring sickness , and others that by Witchcraft ( as it was thought ) were become half foolish , by taking a dram of the Seeds or Berries hereof in pouder every day for twenty daies together , they were restored to their former health . The Roots in Pouder taken in Wine easeth the pains of the Chollick speedily : The Leavs are very effectual as wel for green Wounds , as to clense and heal up old filthy Sores and Ulcers ; and is very powerful to discuss al Tumors , & Swellings in the Cods , privie-Parts , or Groyn , or in any part of the Body , and speedily to allay al Inflamations . The Leavs or the Juyce applied to Felons , or those Nails of the Hands or Toes that have Imposthumes or Sores gathered together at the Roots of them , healeth them in short space .

The Herb is not to be described for the premises , but is fit to be nourished in every good Womans Garden .

Hysop .

THis is so wel known to be an Inhabitant in every Garden , that it wil save me labor in writing a Description thereof . The Vertues are as followeth :

Government and Vertues . ] The Herb is Jupiters , and the the Sign Cancer ; Cough , shortness of breath , Wheesing , Gross Humors , Worms , yellow Jaundice , Dropsie , Spleen , Inflamations , black and blue spots , Quinsie , Toothach , noise in the Ears , venemous Beasts , Lice , Itching of the Head Falling-sickness , Wounds . It strengthens al the parts of the Body under Cancer and Jupiter , which what they be may be found amply discoursed of in my Astrological Judgment of Diseases . Dioscorides saith that Hysop boyled with Rue and Honey , and drunk , helpeth those that are troubled with Coughs , shortness of breath , wheesing , and Rhewmatick Distillations upon the Lungs : Taken also with Oximel , it purgeth gross Humors by the Stool ; and with Honey killeth Worms in the Belly ; and with fresh or new Figs bruised , helpeth to loosen the Belly , and more forcibly if the Root of Flower-de-luce and Cresses be added therto . It amendeth and cherisheth the Native color of the Body spoiled by the yellow Jaundice , and being taken with Figs and Nitre helpeth the Dropsie and Spleen . Being boyled with Wine , it is good to wash Inflamations : and taketh away black and blue Spots and Marks that come by strokes , Bruises , or Fals , being applied with warm Water . It is an excellent Medicin for the Quinsie , or swelling in the Throat , to wash and gargle it , being boyled with Figs. It helpeth the Toothach , being boyled in Vinegar , and gargled therewith . The hot vapors of the Decoction taken by a Funnel in at the Ears , easeth the Inflamations and singing noise of them : Being bruised , and Salt , Honey , and Cummin Seed put to it , it helpeth those that are stung by Serpents . The Oyl thereof being anointed killeth Lice , and taketh away Itching of the Head : It helpeth those that have the Falling-sickness which way soever it be applied : It helpeth to expectorate tough Flegm , and is effectual in al cold Griefs , or Diseases of the Chest and Lungs , being taken either in a Syrup or licking Medicine . The green Herb bruised and a little Sugar put thereto doth quickly heal any cut , or green Wound , being thereunto applied .

Hops .

THese are so wel known that they need no Description , I mean the manured kind , which every good Husband or Huswife is acquainted with . The wild Hop groweth up as the other doth , ramping upon Trees or Hedges that stand next unto them , with rough branches , and Leavs like the former ; but it giveth smaller Heads , and in far less plenty than it , so that ther is scarce a Head or two seen in a yeer on divers of this wild kind , wherin consisteth the chief difference .

Place . ] They delight to grow on low moist grounds , and are found in al parts of this Land .

Time . ] They spring not up until April , and Flower not until the latter end of June , the Heads are not gathered until the middle or latter end of September .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mars . Obstructions Liver , spleen , Blood , Reins clenseth , French Pox , Scabs , Itch , Tetters , Ringworms , Morphew , Poyson Worms , Terms provokes , Disury , yellow Jaundice , Liver , stomach , Agues . This Physical operation is to open obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , to clense the Blood to loosen the Belly , to clense the Reins from Gravel , and provoke Urin . The Decoction of the tops of Hops , as wel of the tame as the wild , worketh the same effects . In clensing the Blood they help to cure the French Diseas , and al manner of Scabs , Itch , and other breakings out in the Body , as also al Tetters , Ringworms , and spreading Sores , the Morphew , and al discolorings of the Skin . The Decoction of the Flowers and tops , do help to expel Poyson that any one hath drunk : Half a dram of the Seed in Pouder taken in drink , killeth Worms in the Body , bringeth down Womens Courses , and expelleth Urin : A Syrup made of the Juyce and Sugar , cureth the yellow Jaundice , caseth the Headach that comes of Heat , and tempereth the heat of the Liver and Stomach , and is profitably given in long and hot Agues that rise of Choller and Blood . Both the wild and the manured are of one property , and alike effectual in al the aforesaid Diseases .

By al these Testimonies , Beer appears to be better than Ale .

Mars owns the Plant , and then Dr. Reason wil tel you how it performs these Actions .

Horehound .

Descript. ] COmmon Horehound groweth up with square hoary Stalks , half a yard or two foot high , set at the Joynts with two round crumpled rough Leavs , of a sullen hoary green color , of a reasonable good scent , but a very bitter tast . The Flowers are smal white and gaping , set in rough , hard , prickly Husks , round about the Joynts with the Leavs from the middle of the Stalk upwards , wherein afterwards is found smal round blackish Seed . The Root is blackish , hard , and woody , with many strings thereat , and abideth many yeers .

Place . ] It is found in many parts of this Land , in dry grounds , and wast green places .

Time . ] It flowreth in or about July , and the Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Mercury . A Decoction of the dried Herb with the Seed , Difficulty of breath , Cough , consumption , Flegm , Terms provokes , Afterbirth weariness , Poyson , venemous Beasts , Ulcers , Sides , Eyes , yell . Jaundice , Ears , Obstructions of the liver , and spleen , Liver , Itch , Tetters , Worms , Dogs-bitings , Womens Breasts Thorns , Asthmaes . or the Juyce of the green Herb taken with Honey , is a Remedy for those that are pursie or short winded , or have a Cough , or are fallen into a Consumption either through long sickness , or thin Distillations of Rhewm upon the Lungs . It helpeth to expectorate tough flegm from the Chest , being taken with the Roots of Iris or O●ris . It is given to Women to bring down their Courses , to expel the Afterbirth , and to them that have sore and long Travels , as also to those that have taken Poyson , or are stung or bitten by Venemous Serpents : The Leavs used with Honey purge foul Ulcers , stay running or creeping sores , and the growing of the Flesh over the Nails . It also helpeth pains of the sides . The Juyce thereof with Wine and Honey helpeth to cleer the Eyesight , and snuffed up into the Nostrils , purgeth away the yellow Jaundice , and with a little Oyl of Roses dropped into the Ears easeth the pains of them . Galen saith it openeth obstructions both of the Liver and Spleen , purgeth the Breast and Lungs of Flegm : and used outwardly , it both clenseth and digesteth . A Decoction of Horehound ( saith Mathiolus ) is available for those that have bad Livers , and for such as have Itches and Running Tetters . The Pouder hereof taken , or the Decoction , killeth Worms . The green Leavs bruised and boyled in old Hogs-grease unto an Oyntment , healeth the biting of Dogs , abateth the swellings of womens Breasts , and taketh away the swelling and Pains that come by any pricking of Thorns , or such like means , and used with Vinegar it clenseth and healeth Tetters . There is a Syrup made of Horehound to be had at the Apothecaries , very good for old Coughs , to rid the tough Flegm , as also to avoid cold Rhewm from the Lungs of old Folks , and for those that are Asthmatick or short winded .

Horse-Taile .

Descript. ] OF this there are many kinds , but I shal not trouble you nor my self with any large Description of them , which to do , were but as the proverb is , To find a knot in a Rush : Al the kinds herof being nothing else but knotted Rushes , some with Leavs , and some without : Take the Description of the most eminent sort as followeth ,

The great Horse-taile at the first springing hath heads somwhat like those of Asparagus , and after grow to be hard , rough hollow stalks , joynted at sundry places up to the top , a foot high , so made as if the lower part were put into the upper , whereat grow on each side a bush of smal , long , Rush like hard Leavs , each part resembling a Hors-tail ( from whence it was so called ) At the tops of the stalks come forth smal Catkins like to those of Trees . The Root creepeth under ground having joynts at sundry places .

Place . ] This ( as most of the other sorts hereof ) groweth in wet grounds .

Time . ] They spring up in April , and their blooming Catkins in July , seeding for the most part in August , and then perish down to the ground , rising afresh in the spring .

Government and Ve●tues . ] The Herb is belonging to Saturn , yet is very harmless , & excellent good for the things following , Hors-Tail , the smoother rather than the rough , and the leaved rather than the bare , are most Physical : It is very powerful to stanch bleedings whersoever , either inward or outward , the Juyce or the Decoction therof being drunk , or the Juyce , Bleeding-flux , Terms stops , Pissing Blood , Inward Ulcers Excoriations of the Bladder , Ulvers , wounds Ruptures , Dissury , stone , strangury , Cough , Inflamations , pimpls , red face Decoction , or distilled Water applied outwardly . It stayeth also al sorts of Lasks and Fluxes in Man or Woman , and the pissing of Bloud , and healeth also not only the inward Ulcers , and Excoriations of the entrails , bladder , &c. but al other sorts of foul , moist , and running Ulcers , and soon sodereth together the tops of green wounds : It cureth also Ruptures in Children . The Decoction therof i● Wine being drunk , provoketh Urin , and helpeth the Stone and the Strangury : and the Distilled Water therof drunk two or three times in a day , and a smal quantity at a time ; as also easeth the Entrails or Guts , and is effectual against a Cough that cometh by distillation from the head . The juyce or distilled Water being warmed , and hot Inflamations , Pustules , or read Wheals , and other breakings out in the skin , which being bathed therwith doth help them , and doth no less ease the swellings , heat , and inflamations of the Fundament or Privie parts in Man or Woman .

Housleeks , or Sengreen .

BOth these are so wel known unto my Country Men , that I shal not need to write any Description of them .

Place . ] It groweth commonly on Walls and Housesides , and flowereth in July .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Jupiter , and it is reported by Myzaldus , to preserve what it grows upon , from Fire and Lightning . Our ordinary Housleek is good for al inward heats as wel as outward , and in the Eyes or other parts of the Body : A Posset made with the juyce of Housleek is singular good in al hot Agues , for it cooleth and tempereth the Bloud and Spirits , Heat , Eyes , Agues , Thirst , salt Rhewms , Ears , Terms stops , Fluxes , Inflamations , S. Anthonies fire , Burning , Scaldings , Tetters , Ring-worms , Corns on the Hands & feet , Hendach , frenzie , Watching , bleeding , nettles Bees , &c. and quench the thirst : and is also good to stay al hot defluxions of sharp and salt Rhewms in the Eyes , the juyce being dropped into them , or into the Eares helpeth them : It helpeth also other fluxes of Humors into th● Bowels , and the immoderate Courses of Women . It cooleth and restraineth also al other hot inflamations , St. Anthonies Fire , Scaldings and Burnings , the Shingls , fretting Ulcers , Cankers , Tetters , Ringworms , and the like ; and much easeth the pain of the Gout proceeding from an hot Cause . The juyce also taketh away Warts and Corns in the Hands or Feet , being often bathed therwith , and the skin of the Leavs being laid on them afterwards . It easeth also the Head-ach , and distempered heat of the Brain in Phrensies , or through want of sleep , being applied to the Temples and Fore-head . The Leavs bruised and laid upon the Crown or Seam of the Head , stayeth bleeding at the Nose very quickly . The distilled Water of the Herb is profitable for al the purposes aforesaid : The Leavs being gently rubbed on any place stung with Nettles or Bees , doth quickly take away the Pain .

Hounds-Tongue .

Descript. ] THe great ordinary Hounds-Tongue hath many long and somwhat narrow , soft , hairy darkish green Leavs , lying on the ground somwhat like unto Bugloss leavs , from among which riseth up a rough hairy stalk about two foot high , with some smaller Leavs theron , and branched at the top into divers parts , with a smal Leaf at the Foot of every branch which is somwhat long , with many Flowers set along the same , which branch is crooked or turned inwards before it flowereth and openeth by degrees as the Flowers do blow , which consist of four smal purplish red Leavs of a dead colour , scarce rising out of the Husk wherin they stand , with some thrids in the middle : It hath somtimes a white Flower . After the Flowers are past , there commeth rough flat Seed , with a smal pointel in the middle , easily cleaving to any garment that it toucheth , and not so easily pulled off again : The Root is black , thick , and long , hard to break , and ful of a clammy juyce , smelling somwhat strong , of an evil scent as the Leavs also do .

Place . ] It groweth in most places of this Land , in wast grounds , and untitled places by high way sides , Lanes , and Hedg sides .

Time . ] It flowereth about May and June , and the seed is ripe shortly after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Plant under the Dominion of Mercury . The Root is very effectually used in Pills , as wel as in Decoctions , or otherwise , to stay al sharp and thin Defluxions of Rhewm from the head into the eyes or nose , Eyes , Nose Stomach , Lungs , shortness of breath , Mad-dogs Scaldings , Burnings , Hermorrhoids , Wounds , Ulcers , French Pox . or upon the Stomach or Lungs , as also for Coughs or shortness of breath . The leavs boyled in wine ( saith Dioscorides ) but others do rather appoint it to be made with Water , and to ad therto Oyl and Salt , mollifieth or openeth the Belly downwards : It also helpeth to cure the biting of a Mad Dog , some of the Leavs being also applied to the Wound : The Leavs bruised , or the Juyce of them boyled in Hogs-lard , and applied , helpeth the falling away of the Hair which cometh of hot and sharp humors : as also for any place that is scalded or burnt : The Leavs bruised , and laid to any green Wound , doth heal it up quickly : The Root baked under the embers , wrapped in Past , or wet Papers , or in a wet double Cloth , and therof a suppository made , and put up into , or applied to the Fundament , doth very effectually help the painful Piles or Hemorrhoids . The Distilled Water of the Herb and Roots , is very good to al the purposes aforesaid , to be used as wel inwardly to drink , as outwardly to wash any sore places , for it healeth al manner of Wounds and Punctures , and those foul Ulcers that arise by the French-pox .

Myzaldus ads to this , That the Leavs laid under the Feet , wil keep the Dogs from barking at you : Hounds-tongue , because it ties the Tongue of Hounds , whether it be true or not , I never tried , yet I have cured the biting of a mad Dog with this only Medicine .

Holly , Holm , or Hulver-bush .

FOR to Describe a Tree so wel known , is needless .

Government and Vertues . ] The Tree is really Saturnine , the Berries expel Wind , and therfore are held to be profitable in the Chollick : The Berries have a strong quality with them , for if you eat a dozen of them in the morning fasting when they are ripe and not dried , Expel Wind , Chollick , Flegm Fluxes , bloudy-fluxes , stop the Terms , Bones broken , Members out of joynt , Witchcraft . they purge the Body of gross and clammy Flegme : but if you dry the Berries , and beat them into Pouder , they bind the Body , and stop Fluxes , bloudy Flaxes , and the Terms in Women : Both the Bark of the Tree , and also the Leavs are excellent good being used in Fomentations for broken Bones , and such Members as are out of joynt . Pliny saith , The Branches of the Tree defend Houses from Lightning , and Men from Witchraft .

St. Johns-wort .

Descript. ] THe common St. Johns-wort shooteth forth brownish , upright , hard , round stalks , two foot high , spreading many branches from the sides up to the tops of them , with two smal Leavs set one against another at every place , which are of a deep green colour , somwhat like the leavs of the lesser Centaury , but narrower , and ful of smal holes in every leaf , which cannot be so wel perceived as when they are held up to the light : At the tops of the Stalks and branches stand yellow Flowers made of five leavs a piece , with many yellow thrids in the middle , which being bruised , do yeild a reddish juyce like Bloud , after which come smal round Heads , wherin is contained smal blackish seed smelling like Rozin : The Root is hard and woody , with divers strings and fibres at it , and of a brownish colour , which abideth in the ground many years , shooting anew every spring .

Place . ] This groweth in Woods and Copses , as wel those that are shady as open to the Sun.

Time . ] They flower about Midsummer , and in July , and their Seed is ripe in the latter end of July or August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Coelestial Sign Leo , and under the Dominion of the Sun : It may be if you meet with a Papist that is an Alstrologer , he wil tel you St. Jobn made it over to him by a Letter of Atturny , especially if withal he be a Lawyer also . St. Johns-wort is as singular a Wound herb as any other whatsoever , either for inward Wounds , Hurts , or Bruises , to be boyled in Wine and drunk , or prepared into Oyl or Oyntment , Wounds , Bruises , Obstructions , Swellings , Spitting and Vomiting Bloud Venemous Beasts , Disury , Choller , Agues , Sciatica , Falling-Sickness , Palsie . Bath or Lotion outwardly : It hath power to open Obstructions , to dissolve Swellings , to close up the lips of Wounds , and to strengthen the parts that are weak and feeble . The Decoction of the Herb and Flowers , but of the Seed especially in Wine , being drunk ; or the seed made into Pouder , and drunk with the juyce of Knotgrass , helpeth al manner of Spitting and Vomiting of Bloud , be it by any Vein broken inwardly , by Bruises , Fals , or howsoever . The same helpeth those that are bitten or stung by any Venemous Creature : and is good for those that are troubled with the Stone in their Kidneys , or that cannot make Water ; and being applied provoketh Womens Courses . Two drams of the Seed of St. Johns-wort made into Pouder and drunk in a little Broth , doth gently expel Choller , or congealed Bloud in the Stomach : The Decoction of the Leavs and Seeds being drunk somwhat warm before the Fits of Agues , whether they be Tertians , or Quartans , doth alter the Fits , and by often using doth take them quite away : The Seed is much commended being drunk for forty dayes together , to help the Sciatica , the Falling-sickness , and the Palsie .

Ivy .

Descript. ] IT is so wel known to every Child almost to grow in Woods upon the Trees , and upon the stone Walls of Churches , Houses , &c. and somtimes to grow alone of it self , though but seldom .

Time . ] I● flowereth not until July , and the Berries are not ripe til Christ-tide that they have felt the winter frosts .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Saturn . A pugil of the Flowers , which may be about a dram ( saith Dioscorides ) drunk twice a day in red Wine , helpeth the Lask and Bloudy Flux . It is an enemy to the Nervs and Sinews being much taken inwardly , Flux Bloudy-Flux , Jaundice , Spitting Bloud , Worms , Drunkenness , Pestilence , Stone , Disury , Terms provokes , Spleen , Stitch , Head-ach , Ulcers , Wounds , Burnings , Scaldings , salt-flegm , Rhewm , Sore Ears . but very helpful unto them being outwardly applied , Pliny saith , That the yellow Berries are good against the Jaundice , and taken before one be set to drink hard , preserveth from Drunkenness , and helpeth those that spit Bloud : and that the white Berries being taken inwardly , or applied outwardly killeth the Worms in the Belly . The Berries are a singular Remedy to prevent the Plague , as also to free them from it that have got it , by drinking the Berries therof made in Pouder , for two or three dayes together : They being taken in Wine , do certainly help to break the Stone , provoke Urine , and Womens Courses . The fresh Leavs of Ivy boyled in Vinegar , and applied warm to the sides of those that are troubled with the Spleen , Ach , or Stitch in the sides , doth give them much ease : the same applied with some Rosewater and Oyl of Roses to the Temples and Fore-head , easeth the Headach , though it be of long continuance . The fresh Leavs boyled in Wine , and old filthy Ulcers that are hard to be cured , washed therwith , doth wonderfully help to clense and heal them : It also quickly healeth green Wounds , as also it is effectual to heal al Burnings and Scaldings , and al kind of exulcerations coming therby , or by salt Flegm or hot Humors in other parts of the Body . The Juyce of the Berries or Leavs snuffed up into the Nole , purgeth the Head and Brain of thin Rhewm that maketh Defluxions into the Eyes and Nose , and cureth the Ulcers and Stench therin : the same dropped into the Ears , helpeth the old , and running Sores of them : those that are troubled with the Spleen shal find much case by continual drinking out of a Cup made of Ivy , so as the drink may stand some smal time therin before it be drunk . Cato saith , That Wine put into such a Cup wil soak through it , by reason of the Antipathy that is between them .

There seems to be a very great Antipathy between Wine and Ivy , for if any have got a Surfet by drinking Wine , his speediest Cure is to drink a draught of the same Wine wherin a handful of Ivy Leads being first bruised have been boyled .

Juniper-Bush .

FOR to give a Description of a Bush so commonly known is needless .

Place . ] They grow plentifully in divers Woods in Kent , upon Warny-Common neer Brentwood in Essex , upon Finchly-common without Hygate , hard by the New-found-Wells neer Dullage , upon a common between Mitchum and Croydon , in the High-way neer Amersham in Buckingham-shire , and in many other places .

Time . ] The Berries are not ripe the first year , but continue green two Summers , and one Winter before they be ripe ; at which time they are of a black colour , and therfore you shal alwayes find upon the Bushes green-berries : the berries are ripe about the Fall of the Leaf .

Government and Vertues . ] This admirable Solar shrub , is scarce to be parralel'd for his Vertues . The Berries are hot in the third degree , and dry but in the first : being a most admirable Counter-poyson , and as great a resister of the Pestilence as any grows ; Counter-poyson Pestilence , Venemous Beasts , Urin provoketh Disurys , Strangury , Dropsie , Terms provoketh , Mother fits Stomach , Wind expels , Chollick Cough , shortness of breath , Consumption , pains in the Belly , ruptures , Cramp , Convulsions , speedy delivery to Women , brain Memory , Sight , Agues , Gout , Sciatica , Limbs strengtheneth , Scurvy , Fluxes stop , Piles , worms , Itch , Scab , Leprosie , Stone , Appetite provoketh , Palsies , Falling-sickness . they are excellent good against the bitings of venemous Beasts , they provoke Urin exceedingly , and therfore are wery available to Disurys , and Strangurys : it is so powerful a Remedy against the Dropsie , that the very Lee made of the Ashes of the Herb being drunk , cures the Disease : it provokes the Terms , helps the Fits of the Mother , strengthens the Stomach exceedingly , and expels Wind : indeed there is scarce a better Remedy for Wind in any part of the Body , or the Chollick than the Chymical Oyl drawed from the Berries : such Country-people as know not how to draw the Chymical Oyl , may content themselves by eating ten or a dozen of the ripe Berries every morning fasting , they are admirable good for the Cough , shortness of Breath , and Consumption , pains in the Belly , Ruptures , Cramps , and Convulsions : They give safe and speedy delivery to Women with Child , they strengthen the Brain , exceedingly help the Memory , and fortifie the Sight by strengthening the optick Nervs : They are excellent good in al sorts of Agues , they help the Gout , and Sciatica , and strengthen al the Limbs of the Body : The Ashes of the Wood is a special Remedy for such as have the Scurvie to rub their Gums with : the Berries stay al Fluxes , helps the Hemorrhoids or Piles , and kil Worms in Children : A Lye made of the Ashes of the Wood , and the Body bathed with it , cures the Itch , Scabs , and Leprosie : The Berries break the Stone , procure Appetite , when it is lost , and are excellent good for Palsies and Falling-sickness .

Kidney-wort , or Wall-Penyroyal , Or Wall Peny-wort .

Descript. ] IT hath many thick , flat , and round Leavs growing from the Root , every one having a long Footstalk fastned underneath about the middle of it , and a little unevenly waved somtimes about the edges , of a pale green color , and somwhat hollow on the uper side like a Sawcer ; from among which rise one or more tender smooth hollow Stalks half a foot high , with two or three smal Leavs theron , usually not round as those below , but somwhat long and divided at the edges : The tops are somtimes divided into long Branches , bearing a number of Flowers , set round about a long spike one above another , which are hollow and like a little Bell , of a whitish green color , after which come smal Heads containing very smal brownish seed , which falling on the ground , wil plentifully spring up before Winter , if it have moisture . The Root is round , and most usually smooth , grayish without and white within , having smal fibres at the head of the Root , and bottom of the Stalk .

Place . ] It groweth very plentifully in many places of this Land , but especially in al the West parts thereof , upon stone and mud Wals , upon Rocks also , and in stony places upon the ground , at the bottom of old Trees , and somtimes on the Bodies of them that are decayed and rotten .

Time . ] It usually flowreth in the beginning of May , and the Seed is ripening quickly after , sheddeth it self : so that about the end of May usually the Leavs and Stalks are withered , dry , and gone until September , that the Leavs spring up again , and so abide al Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus challengeth the Herb under Libra . The Juyce or the distilled Water being drunk , is very effectual for al Inflamations , Inflamations , pimples , Redness , St. Anthonies fire , kidnies , hurt by the stone , disury , stone , bloody flux , Piles , Hemorrhoids , Gout , Sciatica , Cods , Kings Evil , Kibes , Chilblains . and unnatural heats , to cool a fainting hot Stomach , or a hot Liver , or the Bowels : The bruised Herb , or the place bathed with the Juyce or distilled Water thereof , and outwardly applied healeth Pimples , Redness , St. Anthonies fire , and other outward heats and Inflamations . The said Juyce or Water helpeth much also to heal sore Kidneys , torn or fretted by the Stone , or exulcerated within , and easeth the pains ; It also provoketh Urine , and is available for the Dropsie , and helpeth to break the stone , cooling the inflamed parts and other pains of the Bowels , and the bloody flux ; It is singular good to cool the painful Piles , or Hemorrhoidal Veins , the Juyce being used as a Bath unto them , or made into an Oyntment : It is no less effectual to give eas of pains to the hot Gout , the Sciatica , and the Inflamations and Swellings in the Cods ; It helpeth the Kernels or Knots in the Neck or Throat , called the Kings Evil ; healeth Kibes and Chilblains if they be bathed with the Juyce , or anointed with an Oyntment made thereof , and some of the skin of the Leaf laid upon them ; It is also used in green Wounds to stay the Blood , and to heal them quickly .

Knapweed .

Descript. ] THe common sort hereof hath many long and somwhat broad dark green Leavs , rising from the Root deeply dented about the edges , and somtimes a little rent or torn on both sides in two or three places , and somwhat hairy withal , among which riseth up a strong round stalk four or five foot high , divided into many Branches ; at the tops whereof stand great scaly green heads , and from the middle of them thrust forth a number of dark purplish red thrums or thrids , which after they are withered and past , there is found divers black Seeds , lying in a great deal of Down , somwhat like unto a Thistle Seed , but smaller : The Root is white , hard , and woody , with divers fibres annexed thereunto , which perisheth not but abideth with Leavs thereon al the Winter , shooting out fresh every Spring .

Place . ] It groweth in most Fields and Meadows , and about their borders and Hedges , and in many wast grounds also , almost every where .

Time . ] It usually flowreth in June and July , and the seed is ripe shortly after .

Government and Vertues . ] Saturn challengeth the Herb for his own . This Knapweed helpeth to stay Fluxes , both of Blood at the Mouth or Nose , Fluxes , bleeding , Veins broken , Phtisick , Falls , Blows , Ruptures , Sores , Cankers , Fistulaes , Scabby head , Sore throat , Uvula , Jaws . or other outward parts , and those veins that are inwardly broken , or inward Wounds , as also the Fluxes of the belly ; It stayeth the distillations of thin and sharp humors from the head upon the Stomach and Lungs : it is good for those that are bruised by any fal , blows , or otherwise . It is very profitable for those that are bursten and have a Rupture , by drinking the Decoction of the Herb and Roots in Wine , and applying the same outwardly to the place . It is singular good in al running sores , cankrous and fistulous , drying up the moisture , and healing them up gently , without sharpness ; it doth the like to running sores or scabs of the head or other parts . It is of special use for the soreness of the Throat , swelling of the Uvula and Jaws ; and excellent good to stay the bleeding , and heal up al green Wounds .

Knot-grass .

IT is generally so wel known that it needeth no Description .

Place . ] It groweth in every Country of this Land , by the High-way sides , and by Foot-paths in Fields , as also by the sides of old Wals .

Time . ] It springeth up late in the Sp●ing , and abideth until Winter , when al the Branches perish .

Government and Vertues . ] Saturn seems to me to own the Herb , and yet some hold the Sun ; out of doubt 't is Saturn . The Juyce of the common kind of Knotgrass , Bleeding , Heat , Flux , Bloody Flux , Courses stops , Disury , Gravel , venemous Beasts , Rhewm , Worms , Heat , Choller , Inflamations , Apostums , Gangrenes Fistulaes , Cankers , Ulcers , Wounds Ears . is most effectual to stay bleeding at the Mouth , being drunk in steeled or red Wine : and the bleeding at the Nose , to be applied to the Forehead and Temples , or to be squirted up into the Nostrils . And no less effectual to cool and temper that heat of the Blood and Stomach and to stay any Flux of the Blood or Humors , as Lask , Bloody flux , Womens Courses , and Running of the Reins . It is singular good to provoke Urin , help the strangury , and allayeth the heat that cometh therby ; and it is powerful by Urin to expel the Gravel , or stone in the Kidneys or Bladder , a dram of the Pouder of the Herb being taken in Wine for many daies together : Being boyled in Wine and drunk , it is profitable to those that are stung or bitten by venemous creatures , and very effectual to stay al defluxions of Rhewmatick humors upon the stomach , and killeth Worms in the belly or stomach , quieteth inward pains that arise from the heat , sharpness , and corruption of blood and choller : The distilled Water hereof taken by it self , or with the Pouder of the Herb or Seed , is very effectual to al the purposes aforesaid , and is accounted as one of the most Sovereign Remedies to cool al manner of Inflamations , breakings out through heat , hot swellings , and impostumations , Gangrenes , and fistulous Cankers , or soul filthy Ulcers , being applied or put into them ; but especially for al sorts of Ulcers and Sores happening in the privy parts of men or Women . It helpeth al fresh and green Wounds , and speedily helpeth them : The Juyce dropped into the Ears clenseth them being foul , and having running matter in them .

It is very prevalent for the premises ; as also for broken Joynts , and Ruptures .

Ladies-Mantle .

Descript. ] IT hath many Leavs rising from the Root , standing upon long hairy Footstalks , being almost round , but a liitle cut in on the edges , into eight or ten parts more or less , making it seem like a star , with so many corners and points , and dented round about , of a light green color somwhat hard in handling , and as if it were folded , or plaited at first , and then crumpled in divers places , and a little hairy as the stalk is also , which riseth up among them to the height of two or three foot , with such like Leavs theron but smaller , and being weak is not able to stand upright , but bendeth down to the ground , divided at the top into two or three smal Branches , with smal yellowish green Heads , and Flowers of a whitish color , breaking out of them ; which being past , there cometh smal yellow Seed tike Poppy Seed : The Root is somwhat long and black , with many strings or fibres thereat .

Place . ] It groweth naturally in many Pastures , and Wood sides , in Hertfordshire , Wiltshire , and Kent , and other places of this Land .

Time . ] It flowreth in May and June , and abideth after Seed time green al the Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus claims the Herb as her own . Ladies-Mantle is very proper for those Wounds that have Inflamations , and is very effectual to stay bleedings , Inflamations , Bleeding , Vomiting , Fluxes , Bruises , Ruptures , Flagging Breasts , Barrenness Women with Child . vomitings , fluxes of al sorts in man or woman , and bruises by fals or otherwise , and helpeth Ruptures , and such Women or Maids as have over great flagging Breasts , causing them to grow less and hard , being both drunk , and outwardly applied : The distilled Water drunk for twenty daies together helpeth Conception , and to retain the Birth if the Woman do somtimes also sit in a Bath made of the Decoction of the Herb . It is one of the most singular Wound Herbs that is , and therfore highly prized and praised by the Germans , who use in al Wounds inward and outward , to drink the Decoction therof , and wash the Wounds therwith , or dip Tents therin and put them into the Wounds , which wonderfully drieth up al humidity of the Sores , and abateth Inflamations therein . It quickly healeth at green Wounds , not suffering any corruption to remain behind , and cureth old Sores though fistulous and hollow .

Lavender .

IT is so wel known , being an Inhabitant in almost every Garden , that it needeth no Description .

Time . ] It flowreth about the end of June , and beginning of July .

Government and Vertues . ] Mercury owns the Herb , and it carries his effects very potently . Lavender is of special good use for al the griefs and pains of the Head and Brains that proceed of a cold cause , Head , brains Apoplexy , falling-sickness , Lethargie , Cramps , convulsions , Palsey , both dead and shaking , stomach , Liver , spleen , terms provokes , Chollick , Vertigo , loss of Voyce , Trembling , Fainting . as the Apoplexy , Falling-sickness , the drouzie or sluggish Malady , Cramps , Convulsions , Palseys , and often faintings . It strengtheneth the Stomach , and freeth the Liver and Spleen from Obstructions , provoketh Womens Courses , and expelleth the dead Child and Afterbirth . The Flowers of Lavender steeped in Wine helpeth them to make water that are stopped , or are troubled with the Wind , or Chollick , if the places be bathed therewith . A Decoction made with the Flowers of Lavender , Horehound , Fennel , and Asparagus Roots , and a little Cinnamon , is very profitably used to help the Falling-sickness , and the giddiness or turning of the Brain : To gargle the Mouth with the Decoction therof is good against the Toothach . Two spoonfuls of the distilled Water of the Flowers taken , helpeth them that have lost their voyce ; as also the tremblings and passions of the Heart , and faintings and swoonings , not only being drunk , but applied to the Temples , or Nostrils to be smelt unto , but it is not safe to use it where the Body repleat with Blood and Humors , because of the hot and subtil spirits wherwith it is possessed . The Chymical Oyl drawn from Lavender , usually called Oyl of Spike , is of so fierce and piercing spirits that it is cautiously to be used , some few drops being sufficient to be given with other things , either for inward or outward Griefs .

Lavender Cotton .

IT being a common Garden Herb , I shal forbear the Description , only take notice , That it flowreth in June and July .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mercury . Poyson , putrifaction , Venemous Beast , Running of the Reins , whites in Women , worms , Scabs , Itch. It resisteth Poyson , Putrifaction , and helps the bitings of venemous Beasts : A dram of the Pouder of the dried Leavs taken every morning fasting in any convenient Vehecle , stops the running of the Reins in Men , and Whites in Women . The Seed being beaten into Pouder , and taken as Wormseed , it kils the Worms , not only in Children , but also in people of riper yeers : the like doth the Herb it self being boyled in Milk , and the Milk drunk : The Body bathed with the Decoction of it , helps Scabs and Itch.

Ladies-Smocks , or Cuckoo-Flowers .

Descript. ] THe Root is composed of many smal white thrids , from whence springeth up divers long stalks of winged Leavs consisting of many round tender dark green Leavs set one against another upon a middle Rib , the greatest being at the ends , amongst which rise up divers tender weak round green stalks , somwhat straked with longer and smaller Leavs upon them ; on the tops of which stand Flowers almost like Stock-gilli-flowers , but rounder and not so long , of a blushing white color : The Seed is reddish , and groweth in smal pouches , being of a sharp biting tast , and so hath the Herb .

Place . ] They grow in moist places , and neer to Brook sides .

Time . ] They flower in April or May , and the lower Leavs continue green al the Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] They are under the Dominion of the Moon , scurvy , provoke Urin , stone , Stomach , lost Appetite , indigestion . and very little inferior to Water-Cresses in al their operations : They are excellent good for the Scurvy ; they provoke Urin , and break the Stone , and excellently warm a cold and weak Stomach , restoring lost appetite , and helping digestion .

Lettice .

IT is so wel known , being generally used as a Sallet Herb , that it is altogether needless to write any Description thereof .

Government and Vertues . ] The Moon owns them , and that 's the reason they cool and moisten what heat and driness Mars causeth , becaus Mars hath his fal in Cancer , and they cool the Heart , because the Sun rules it between whom and the Moon is a Reception in the Generation of Man , as you may see in my Guide for Women . The Juyce of Lettice mixed or boyled with Oyl of Roses , Watching , Headach , Indigestion , Thirst , Milk encreaseth , Choller , Bowels , Lust , venerious Dreams , Inflamation , Heat of Urin . and applied to the forehead and temples procureth Sleep , and easeth the Headach proceeding of an hot caus ; being eaten boyled , it helpeth to loosen the Belly . It helpeth digestion , quencheth thirst , encreaseth Milk in Nurses , easeth griping pains of the stomach or Bowels , that come of Choller . It abateth Bodily Lust , represseth Venerious Dreams , being outwardly applied to the Cods with a little Camphire : Applied in the same manner to the Region of the Heart , Liver , or Reins , or by bathing the said place with the Juyce or distilled Water , wherin som white Sanders , or red roses are put also , it not only represseth the heat and Inflamation therein , but comforts and strengthens those parts , & also tempereth the heat of Urin . Galen adviseth old men to use it with Spices , and where Spices are wanting to ad Mints , Rocket and such like hot Herbs , or els Citron , Lemmon , or Orange Seeds , to abate the cold of one , and heat of the other . The Seed and distilled Water of the Lettice work the like effects in all things : but the useof Lettice is chiefly forbidden to those that are short winded , or have any imperfection in their Lungs , or spit Blood .

The Water-Lilly .

Descript. ] OF these there are two principally noted kinds , viz. The White , and the Yellow .

Description . ] The white Lilly hath very large , round , and thick , dark green Leavs lying on the Water , sustained by long and thick Footstalks , that rise from a great , thick , round and long tuberous black Root , spungie or loos , with many Knobs thereon like Eyes , and whitish within , from amidst the which rise other the like thick and great stalks , sustaining one large white Flower thereon , green on the outside , but as white as Snow within , consisting of divers rows of long , and somwhat thick and narrow Leavs , smaller and thinner the more inward they be , encompassing a head within with many yellow thrids or thrums in the middle , where after they are past , stand round , Poppy-like Heads , ful of broad , oyly , and bitter Seed .

The yellow kind is little different from the former save only it hath fewer Leavs on the Flowers , greater and more shining Seed , and a whitish Root , both within and without : The Roots of both being somwhat sweet in tast .

Place . ] They are found growing in great Pools and standing Waters , and somtimes in slow running Rivers and lesser Ditches of Water , in sundry places of this Land .

Time . ] They flower most commonly about the end of May , and their Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] The Herb is under the Dominion of the Moon , and therfore cools and moistens like the former . The Leavs and Flowers of the Water-Lillies are cold and moist , but the Root and Seed is cold and dry : Inflamations , Agues , Watching , Frenzie , Flux , Belly , Running of the Reins , Veneyr , Freckles , Spots , Sunburn , Morphew . The Leavs do cool al Infl●mations , and both outward and inward heats of Agues , and so doth the Flowers also , either by the Syrup or Conserve : The Syrup helpeth much to procure rest , and to settle the Brains of Frantick persons , by cooling the hot distemperature of the Head . The Seed as wel as the Root is effectual to stay Fluxes of Bloud or Humors , either of Wounds , or of the Belly : but the Roots are most used , some chusing the one , and some the other to be more effectual to cool , bind , and restrain al Fuxes in Man or Women , as also the Running of the Reins , and the passing away of the Seed when one is asleep : but the frequent use hereof extinguisheth Venerous actions : The Root is likewise very good for those whose Urine is hot and sharp , to be boyled in Wine or Water , and the Decoction drunk . The distilled Water of the Flowers is very effectual for al the Diseases aforesaid , both inwardly taken and outwardly applied , and is much commended to take away Freckles , Spors , Sun burn , and Morphew from the Face , or other parts of the Body . The Oyl made of the Flowers , as Oyl of Roses is made , is profitablly used to cool hot Tumors , and the Inflamations of Ulcers and Wounds , and to ease the pains , and help the Sores .

Lilly of the Valley .

CAlled also Conval-Lilly , May-Lillys , and Lilly-Confancy .

Descript. ] The Root is smal and creepeth far in the Ground as grass Roots do : the Leavs are many , amongst which ariseth up a stalk half a foot high , with many white flowers like little bels , with turned edges , of a strong , though pleasing smel : the Berries are red , not much unlike those of Sparragus .

Place . ] They grow plentifully upon Hamsteed-heath , and in many other places in this Nation .

Time . ] They flower in May , and the seed is ripe in September .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mercury , and therfore there is no question to be made but it strengthens the Brain , Brain , Memroy , inflamations in the Eyes , pin & web , lost speech Palsie , Appoplexy , Heart , Vital Spirits , Gout . recruits a weak Memory , and makes it strong again : The Distilled water dropped into the Eyes , helps inflamations there , as also that infirmity which they cal a Pin and Web : the Spirit or the flowers distilled in Wine , restoreth lost Speech , helps the Palsie , and is exceeding good in the Appoplexy , comforteth the Heart and vital Spirits . Gerrard saith , That the flowers being close stopped up in a Glass , put into an Ant-hill , and taken away again a month after , you shal find a Liquor in the Glass , which being outwardly applyed , helps the Gout .

White-Lillys .

IT were in vain to Describe a Plant so commonly known in every ones Garden , therfore I shal not tel you what they are , but what they are good for .

Government and Vertues . ] They are under the Dominion of the Moon , and by Antipathy to Mars , expel Poyson : they are excellent good in Pestilental Feavers : The Roots being bruised and boyled in Wine , and the Decoction drunk , for it expels the Venom to the exteriour parts of the Body : Poyson , Pestilential Feavers Venom , Dropsy Scald-Heads , Unites Sinews , Ulcers , After-birth , Plague-sores , Swellings in the Privitys Burnings , scaldings , Hair restoreth . The Juyce of it being tempered with Barly-meal baked , and so eaten for ordinary bread , is an excellent cure for the Dropsie : An Oyntment being made of the Root and Hogs-grease , is excellent good for scald heads , and unites Sinews when they are cut ; besides the Vertue that it hath to clense Ulcers , it being of a fine suppu●ating quality : The Root boyled in any convenient Decoction gives speedy delivery to Women in Travel , and expels the After-birth : The Root roasted and mixed with a little Hogs-grease , makes a gallant Pultiss to ripen and break Plague-sores : The Oyntment is excellent good for Swellings in the Privities , and wil cure Burnings and Scaldings without a scar , and trimly deck a bald place with Hairs .

Liquoris .

Descript. ] OUr English Liquoris riseth up with divers woody stalks , wheron are set at several distances , many narrow , long , green Leavs , set together on both sides of the stalk , and an od one at the end , very wel resembling a yong Ash-tree sprung up from the seed : This by many years continuance in a place without removing , and not else , wil bring forth Flowers , many standing together Spike fashion one above another upon the stalks , of the form of Peas-blosoms , but of a very pale blue colour , which turn into long , somwhat flat , and smooth Cods , wherin is contained smal , round , hard seed : The Root runneth down exceeding deep into the ground , with divers other smaller Roots and Fibres growing with them , and shoot out Suckers from the main Roots al about , wherby it is much encreased , of a brownish colour on the outside , and yellow within .

Place . ] It is planted in Fields and Gardens in divers places of this Land , and therfore good profit is made .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mercury . Liquoris boyled in fair Water with some Maiden-hair and figs , maketh a good Drink for those that have a dry Cough , Cough , Hoarsness , Phtisick , Consumption , Reins , Strangury , Heat of Urine , ●yes , Bladder ; or hoarsness , Wheesing , shortness of breath , and for al the griefs of the Breast and Lungs , Phtisick or Consumptions caused by the Distillation of salt humors on them . It is also good in al pains of the Reins , the Strangury , and heat of Urine : The fine Pouder of Liquoris blown through a Quil into the Eyes that have a Pin and Web ( as they cal it ) or Rhewmatick Distillations into them doth clense and help them : The Juyce of Liquoris is as effectual in al the Diseases of the Breast and Lungs , the Reins and Bladder , as the Decoction . The juyce dissolved in Rose-water with some Gum-Tragacanth , is a fine licking Medicine for Hoarsness , Wheesings , &c.

Liver-wort .

Descript. ] THe common Liver-wort groweth close , and spreadeth much upon the ground in moist and shadowy places , with many sad green Leavs , or rather ( as it were ) sticking flat one to another , very unevenly cut in on the edges , and crumpled , from among which arise smal slender stalks an Inch or two high at most , bearing smal starlike Flowers at the tops : The Roots are very fine and smal .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Command of Jupiter , Liver , Inflamation , yellow-Jaundice , Spleen , Running of the Reins , Whites , Tetters , Ring-Worms , Surfets . and under the sign Cancer . It is a singular good He●b for al the Diseases of the Liver , both to cool and clense it , and helpeth the Inflamations in any part , and the yellow Jaundice likewise : being bruised and boyled in smal Beer and drunk , it cooleth the heat of the Liver and Kidneys , and helpeth the running of the Reins in Men , and the Whites in Women : It is a singular Remedy to stay the spreading of Tetters , Ring-worms , and other fretting and running Sores and Scabs , and is an excellent Remedy for such whose Livers are corrupted by Surfets , which causeth their Bodies to break out , for it fortifies the Liver exceedingly , and make it impregnable .

Loos-strife , or Willow-Herb .

Descript. ] THe Common yellow Loos-strife groweth to be four or five foot high or more , with great round stalks a little crested , diversly branched from the midd●e of them to the tops into great and long Branches , on al which at the Joynts there grow long and narrow Leaves but broader below , and usually two at a Joynt , yet somtimes three or four somwhat like willow-leavs , smooth on the edges , and of a faint green colour from the upper joynts of the branches , and at the tops of them also stand many yellow Flowers of Five leavs apiece , with divers yellow thrids in the middle , which turn into smal round heads , containing smal cornered seeds : The Root creepeth under ground , almost like Couch-grass , but greater , and shooteth up every spring , brownish heads , which afterwards grow up into stalks : It hath no scent nor taste but only astringent .

Place . ] It groweth in many places of this Land in moist Meadows , and by Water-sides .

Time . ] It flowereth from June to August .

Government and Vertues . ] This Herb is good for al manner of Bleeding at Mouth , or Nose , or Wounds , and al Fluxes of the Belly , Bleeding , Flux , Bloudy-Flux , Terms stops , Wounds , Sore Mouth , Privities , Gnats . and the Bloudy-flux , given either to drink , or taken by Clyster , it stayeth also the abundance of Womens Courses : It is a singular good Wound-herb for green Wounds , to stay the bleeding , and quickly close together the lips of the Wound , if the herb be bruised , and the juyce only applied : It is often used in Gargles for sore Mouths , as also for the secret parts : The smoak hereof being burned , driveth away Flyes and Gnats which use in the night-time to molest people inhabiting neer Marshes , and in the Fenny Countries .

Loos-strife , with Spiked Heads of Flowers .

Descript. ] THis groweth with many woody square stalks , ful of joynts about three foot high at least , at every one wherof , stand two long leavs , shorter , narrower , and of a deeper green colour than the former ; and som brownish . The Stalks are branched into many long stems of spiked-Flowers , half a foot long , growing in Rundls one above another , out of smal husks very like the spiked heads of Lavender ; each of which flowers have five round pointed Leavs of a purple violet colour , or somwhat inclining to redness , in which husks stand smal round heads , after the Flowers are fallen , wherin is contained smal seed : The Root creepeth under ground like unto the yellow , but is greater than it ; and so is the heads of the leavs when they first appear out of the ground , and more brown than the other .

Place . ] It groweth usually by Rivers , and Ditches-sides in wet Grounds , as about the Ditches at and neer Lambeth ; and in many other places of this Land .

Time . ] It flowreth in the Months of June and July .

Government and Vertues . ] The Herb is an Herb of the Moon , and under the sign Cancer : neither do I know a better Preserver of the Sight when 't is wel ; nor a better Curer of sore Eyes , than Eye-bright taken inwardly ; and this used outwardly : 't is cold in quality . This Herb is no whit inferior unto the former ; it having not only al the Vertues which the former hath , but some particular Vertues of its own found out by experience , as namely , The Distilled Water is a present Remedy for Hurts and Blows on the Eyes , and for Blindness , so as the Christaline Humor be not perished or hurt ; Eyes , Blindness , Wounds , Ulcers , Inflamations . Quinsie , Kings Evil , Spots , Marks , Scars . and this hath been sufficiently proved true by the experience of a man of Judgment , who kept it long to himself as a great secret : It also cleereth the Eyes of dust or any other thing gotten into them , and preserveth the sight . It is also very much available against Wounds and Thrusts , being made into an Oyntment on this manner , To every ounce of the Water , ad two drams of May-butter without salt , and of Sugar and Wax of each as much also , let them boyl gently al together : Let Tents be dipped in the Liquor that remaineth after it is cold , and put into the Wounds , and the place covered with a linnen cloth doubled and anointed with the Oyntment ; and this is also an approved Medicine . It likewise clenseth and healeth al foul Ulcers and Sores whersoever , and stayeth their inflamations by washing them with the Water , and laying on them a green Leaf or two in the Summer , or dry Leavs in the Winter . This Water gargled warm in the mouth , and sometimes drunk also , doth cure the Quinsie , or Kings-Evil in the Throat . The said water applied warm , taketh away al Spots , Marks , and Scars in the Skin : And a little of it drunk , quencheth thirst when it is extraordinary .

Lovage .

Descript. ] IT hath many long and great stalks , of larg winged leavs divided into many parts like Smallage , but much larger and greater , every leaf being cut about the edges , broadest forwards , and smallest at the stalk , of a sad green colour , smooth and shining ; from among which rise up sundry strong hollow green stalks , five or six foot , yea somtimes seven or eight foot high , ful of joynts , but lesser leavs set on them than grow below ; and with them toward the tops come forth long branches , bearing at their tops large umbels of yellow Flowers ; and after them flat brownish seed . The Root groweth thick , great , and deep , spreading much , and enduring long , of a brownish colour on the out-side , and whitish within . The whole Plant , and every part of it , smelleth strong , and Aromatically , and is of an hot , sharp , biting taste .

Place . ] It is usually planted in Gardens , where if it be suffered , it groweth huge , and great ,

Time . ] It Flowreth in the end of July , and seedeth in August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of the Sun under the sign Taurus , if Saturn offend the Throat ( as he alwaies doth , if he be occasioner of the Malady , and in Taurus is the Genesis ) this is your Cure . It openeth , cutteth , and digesteth Humors , and mightily provoketh Womens Courses and Urine . Humors , Terms provokes Disury , Cold Stomach , Indigestion , Wind , poyson , Epidemical Diseases , Agues bellyach , Quinsie , Pluresie , Spots , Freckles Boyls . Half a dram at a time of the dried Root in Pouder taken in Wine , doth wondefully warm a cold stomach , helping digestion , and consuming al raw and superfluous moisture therin : easeth al inward gripings and pains , dissolveth wind , and resisteth Poyson and Infection : It is a known and much practised Remedy to drink the Decoction of the herb for any sort of Ague , and to help the pains and torments of the Body and Bowels coming of cold . The Seed is effectual to al the purposes aforesaid ( except the last ) and ●orketh more powerfully : The Distilled Water of th● 〈◇〉 helpeth the Quinsie in the throat , if the mouth and thr●●●●● gargled and washed therwith , and helpeth the Pluresie , being drunk three or four times . Being dropped into the Eyes it taketh away the redness or dimness of them ; it likewise taketh away Spots or Freckles in the Face . The Leavs bruised and fryed with a little Hogs Lard , and laid hot to any Botch or Boyl , wil quickly break it .

Lungwort .

Descript. ] THis is a kind of Moss that groweth on sundry sorts of trees especially Oaks , and Beeches , with broad , grayish , tough Leavs , diversly folded , crumpled , and gashed in on the edges , and sometimes spotted also , with many smal spots on the upper-side : It was never seen to bear any stalk or flower at any time .

Government and Vertues . ] Jupiter seems to own this Herb . This is of great use with many Physitians to help the Diseases of the Lungs , Lungs , Coughs , Wheesing , shortness of breath , Ulcers in the Privities and elswhere . and for Coughs , Wheesings , and shortness of breath , which it cureth both in Man and Beast : It is very profitably put into Lotions that are taken to stay the moist Humors that flow to Ulcers and hinder their healing , as also to wash al other Ulcers in the privy parts of Man or Woman .

It is an excellent Remedy boyled in Beer for broken-winded Horses .

Madder .

Descript. ] GArden Madder shooteth forth many very long , weak , four square , reddish Stalks trailing on the ground a great way , very rough or hairy , and ful of Joynts ; at every of those Joynts come forth divers long , and somwhat narrow Leavs , standing like a star about the stalks , rough also and hairy , toward the tops whereof come forth many smal pale yellow Flowers : after which come smal round heads , green at first , and reddish afterwards , but black when they are ripe , wherin is contained the Seed . The Root is not very great , but exceeding long , running down half a mans length into the ground , red and very cleer while it is fresh , spreading divers waies .

Place . ] It is only manured in Gardens or larger Fields for the profit that is made thereof .

Time . ] It flowreth towards the end of Summer , and the Seed is ripe quickly after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Mars . It hath an opening quality , and afterwards to bind and strengthen . It is an assured Remedy for the yellow Jaundice by opening the Obstructions of the Liver and Gall , Yell . Jaund . Obstructions of the Liver and Gall , spleen , Melancholly , Palsey , Sciatica , bruises inward and outward , Terms provokes , freckles , Morphew , Scurf . and clensing those parts : It openeth also the Obstructions of the Spleen , and diminisheth the Melanchollick humor . It is available for the Palsey and Sciatica , and effectual for bruises inward or outward , and is therefore much used in Vulnerary Drinks . The Root for all those aforesaid purposes , is to be boyled in Wine or Water , as the cause requireth , and some Honey or Sugar put therunto afterwards . The Seed hereof taken with Vinegar and Honey , helpeth the Swellings and hardness of the Spleen . The Decoction of the Leavs and Branches is a good Fomentation for Women to sit over that have not their Courses . The Leavs and Roots beaten and applied to any part that is discoloured with Freckles Morphew ; the white Scurf , or any such deformity of the Skin , clenseth them throughly , and taketh them away .

Maiden-hair .

Descript. ] OUr common Maiden-hair doth from a number of hard black fibres , send forth a great many blackish shining brittle Stalks , hardly a span long ; in many not half so long , on each side set very thick with smal round dark green Leavs , and spotted on the back of them like other Ferns .

Place . ] It groweth much upon old stone Wals in the West parts , and Wales , in Kent , and divers other places of this Land ; It joyeth likewise to grow by Springs , Wels , and rockie , moist and shadowy places ; and is alwaies green .

Wall-Rue , or ordinary White Maiden-hair .

Descript. ] THis hath very fine pale green stalks , almost as fine as hairs , set confusedly with divers pale green Leavs on very short Footstalks , somwhat neer unto the color of Garden Rue , and not much differing in form , but more dive●sly cut in on the edges , and thicker , smooth on the uper part , and spotted finely underneath .

Place . ] It groweth in many places of this Land , as at Dartford , and the Bridg at Ashford in Kent , at Beconsfield in Buckinghamshire , at Wolley , in Huntingtonshire , on Frammingham Castle in Suffolk , on the Church wals at Mayfi●ld in Sussex , in Summersetshire , and divers other places of this Land , and is green in Winter as wel as in Summer .

Government and Vertues . ] Both this and the former are under the Dominion of Mercury , and so is that also which follows after : and the Vertues of both these are so neer alike , that although I have described them and their places of growing severally , yet I shal in writing the Vertues of them , joyn them both together as followeth :

The Decoction of the Herb Maidenhair being drunk , helpeth those that are troubled with the Cough , shortness of breath , Cough , shortness of breath , the yellow Jaundice , Spleen , Disury , Stone , Terms provokes , Bleeding , Fluxes , Lungs , Swellings , Ulcers , Scurff , Sores , Baldness . the yellow Jaundice , diseases of the Spleen , stopping of Urin , and helpeth exceedingly to break the Stone in the Kidneys ( in al which diseases the Wal-Rue is also very effectual : ) It provoketh Womens Courses , and stayeth both Bleedings and Fluxes of the Stomach and Belly , especially when the Herb is dry , for being green it loosneth the Belly , and avoideth Choller and Flegm from the Stomach and Liver , it clenseth the Lungs , and by rectifying the Blood causeth a good color to the whol Body : The Herb boyled in Oyl of Chamomel , dissolveth Knots , allayeth Swellings , and drieth up moist Ulcers . The Ly made therof is singular good to clense the Head from Scurf , and from dry and running Sores ; stayeth the falling or shedding of the Hair , and causeth it to grow thick , fair , and wel colored ; for which purpose some boyl it in Wine , putting some Smallage seed therto , and afterwards some Oyl . The Wall-Rue is as effectual as Maidenhair in al diseases of the Head , and falling or the recovering of Hair again ; and generally for al the aforementioned Diseases : And besides , The Pouder of it taken in drink for fourty daies together , helpeth the burstings in Children .

Golden Maiden-hair .

TO the two former give me leav to ad this , and I shal do no more but only describe it unto you ; and for the Vertues refer you to the former , sith whatsoever is said of them , may be also said of this .

Description . ] It hath many smal brownish red hairs to make up the form of Leavs growing about the ground from the Root , and in the middle of them in Summer , rise smal Stalks of the same color , set with very fine yellowish green hairs on them , and bearing a smal gold yellow Head , lesser than a Wheat Corn , standing in a great Husk . The Root is very smal and thriddy .

Place . ] It groweth on Bogs and Moorish places , and also on dry shadowy places , at Hamsted Heath , and elswhere .

Mallows , and Marsh-Mallows .

COmmon Mallows are generally so wel known that they need no Description .

Our common Marsh-Mallows have divers soft hoary white stalks rising to be three or four foot high , spreading forth many Branches , the Leavs wherof are soft and hairy ; somwhat lesser than the other Mallow Leavs , but longer pointed , cut ( for the most part ) into some few divisions , but deep : The Flowers are many , but smaller also than the other Mallows , and white , or tending to a blush color . After which come such like round cases and seed as in the other Mallows . The Roots are many and long , shooting from one Head , of the bigness of a Thumb or Finger , very pliant , tough and bending like Liquoris , of a whitish yellow color on the outside , and more white within , ful of a slimy juyce , which being laid in water wil thicken it as if it were gelly .

Place . ] The Common Mallows grow in every Country of this Land .

The Common Marsh-Mallows in most of the the Salt Mashes from Woolwich , down to the Sea , both on the Kentish and Essex Shores , and in divers other places of this Land .

Time . ] They flower al the Summer Months , even until the Winter do pul them down .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus owns them both . The Leavs of either of the sorts before specified , and the Roots also boyled in Wine or Water , or in Broth with Parsly o● Fennel roots , doth help to open the Body , Agues , Choller , Gripings in the Belly , Milk , Excoriation , Phtisick , Pleuresy , Travel in Women , Falling-sickness , Eyes , Bees , Wasps &c. Poyson , hard swelling , Inflamation , Cods , Liver , Spleen , Roughness of the skin Scurf , Dandrif , Scabby Heads , Scalding , Burning , St. Anthonies fire , sore Mouth & Throat , Baldness , Thorns . and is very convenient in hot Agues , or other distempers of the Body to apply the Leavs so boyled warm to the Belly : It not only voideth hot Chollerick and other offensive Humors , but easeth the pains and torments of the Belly coming therby ; and are therfore used in al Clysters conducing to those purposes : The same used by Nurses , procureth them store of Milk . The Decoction of the Seed of any of the common Mallows , made in Milk or Wine , doth mervelously help excoriations , the Phtisick , Pleuresie , and other Diseases of the Chest and Lungs that proceed of hot causes , if it be continued taking for some time together : The Leavs and Roots work the same effects : They help much also in the excoriations of the Guts and Bowels , and hardness of the Mother , and in al hot and sharp Diseases therof . The Juyce drunk in Wine , or the Decoction of them therein , doth help Women to a speedy and easie Delivery . Pliny saith , That whosoever shal take a spoonful of any of the Mallows , shal that day be free from al Diseases that may come unto him ; and that it is special good for the Falling-sickness . The Syrup also , and Conserve made of the Flowers are very effectual for the same Diseases , and to open the Body being costive : The Leavs bruised and laid to the Eyes with a little Honey , taketh away the Impostumations of them . The Leavs bruised or rubbed upon any place stung with Bees , Wasps , or the like , presently taketh away the pains , redness , and swellings that rise thereupon : and Diosocrides saith , The Decoction of the Leavs and Roots helpeth al sorts of Poyson , so as the Poyson be presently voided by Vomit . A Pultiss made of the Leavs boyled and bruised , wherunto ad some Bean or Barly flower and Oyl of Roses , is an especial Remedy against al hard Tumors and Inflamations of Imposthumes and Swellings of the Cods and other parts , and easeth the pains of them ; as also against the hardness of the Liver or Spleen , being applied to the places . The Juyce of the Mallows boyled in old Oyl and applied , taketh away al roughness of the Skin , as also the Scurf , Dandrif , or dry Scabs in the Head or other parts if they be anointed therewith , or washed with the Decoction , and preserveth the Hair from falling off . It is also effectual against Scaldings and Burnings , St. Anthonies fire , and al other hot , red , and painful Swellings in any part of the Body . The Flowers boyled in Oyl or Water ( as every one is disposed ) wherunto a little Honey and Allum is put , is an excellent Gargle to wash , clense , and heal any sore Mouth , or Throat , in a short space . If the Feet be bathed or washed with the Decoction of the Leavs , Roots , and Flowers , it helpeth much the Defluxions of Rhewm from the Head : If the Head be washed therwith , it staieth the falling and shedding of the Hair . The green Leavs ( saith Pliny ) beaten with Nitre and applied , draweth out Thorns or Pricks in the Flesh .

The Marsh-Mallows are more effectual in al the Diseases before mentioned : The Leavs are likewise used to loosen the Belly gently , and in Decoctions for Clysters to eas al pains of the Body , Belly , Stone , Reins , Kidneys , Bladder , Coughs , shortness of breath , Wheesing , Excoriation of the Guts , Ruptures , Cramps , Convulsions , The Kings Evil , Kernels , Chincough Wounds , bruises , Falls , Blows , Muscles , Morphew , Sunburning . opening the strait Passages , and making them slippery , wherby the Stone may descend the more easily , and without pain out of the Reins , Kidneys and Bladder , and to eas the torturing pains therof : But the Roots are of more especial use for those purposes , as wel as for Coughs , Hoarsness , shortness of breath , and Wheesings , being boyled in Wine or Honeyed Water and drunk . The Roots and Seeds herof boyled in Wine or Water , is with good success used by them that have Excoriations in the Guts , or the Bloody flux , by qualifying the violence of the sharp fretting Humors , easing the pains , and healing the soreness : It is profitably taken of them that are troubled with Ruptures , Cramps , or Convulsions of the Sinews ; and boyled in white Wine for the Imposthumes of the Throat , commonly called the Kings Evil , and of those Kernels that rise behind the Ears , and Inflamations or swellings in Womens Breasts . The dried Roots boyled in Milk and drunk is special good for the Chincough . Hippocrates used to give the Decoction of the Roots , or the Juyce therof to drink to those that were wounded , and ready to faint through loss of Blood , and applied the same mixed with Honey and Rozin to the Wounds : As also the Roots boyled in Wine to those that had received any hurt by Bruises , Fals , or Blows , or had any Bone or Member out of Joynt , or any swelling pain or ach in the Muscles , Sinews , or Arteries . The Muccilage of the Roots , and of Linseed , and of Fenugreek put together , is much used in Pultisses , Oyntments , and Plaisters , to mollifie and digest al hard swellings , and the Inflamation of them , and to eas pains in any part of the Body . The Seed either green or dry mixed with Vinegar clenseth the Skin of the Morphew , and al other discolorings , being bathed therwith in the Sun.

You may remember that not long since there was a raging Diseas called the Bloody Flux ; the Colledg of Physittans not knowing what to make of it , called it , The Plague in the Guts , for their wits were at ne plus ultra about it . My son was taken with the same Diseas , and the excoriation of his Bowels was exceeding great ; my self being in the Country was sent for up ; the only thing I gave him was Mallows bruised and boyled both in his Milk and Drink , in two daies ( the blessing of God being upon it ) it cured him , and I here to shew my thankfulness to God in communicating it to his Creatures , leav it to posterity .

Maple-Tree .

Government and Vertues .

Liver strengthens , open obstructions of the Liver and spleen , pains in the sides . IT is under the Dominion of Jupiter . The Decoction either of the Leavs or Bark must needs strengthen the Liver much , and so you shal find it do if you use it : it is excellent good to open obstructions both of the Liver and Spleen , and easeth pains of the sides thence proceeding .

Wild Marjoram .

CAlled also Organe , Origanum , Bastard Marjoram , Wild Marjoram , and Grove Marjoram .

Description . ] ●ild or Field Marjoram hath a Root which creepeth much under ground , which continueth a long time , sending up sundry brownish hard square stalks with smal dark green Leavs very like those of sweet Marjoram , but harder , and somwhat broader ; at the tops of the stalks stand tufts of Flowers of a deep purplish red color ; the Seed is smal and somthing blacker than that of sweet Marjoram .

Place . ] It groweth plentifully in the borders of Corn Fields , and in some Copses .

Time . ] It flowreth toward the latter end of Summer .

Government and Vertues . ] This also is under the Dominion of Mercury . Stomach , Head , Humors , appetite , cough , Consumption of the Lungs , poyson Choller , spleen , venemous Beasts , poyson , Urine provoketh , terms provokes , Dropsie , scurvy , scabs , Itch , leprosie , yellow Jaundice , Deafness , noise and pain in the Ears . It strengthens the stomach and Head much , there being scarce a better remedy growing for such as are troubled with a sowr humor in their stomachs ; it restores Appetite being lost , helps the Cough and Consumption of the Lungs , it clenseth the Body of Choller expelleth poyson , and remedieth the infirmities of the spleen , helps the bitings of Venemous Beasts , and helps such as have poysoned themselvs by eating Hemlock , Henbane , or Opium ; it provoketh Urin and the Terms in Women , helps the Dropsie and the Scurvy , Scabs , Itch , and the yellow Jaundice : the Juyce being dropped into the Ears , helps Deafness , pain and noise in the Ears . And thus much for this Herb , between which and Adders there is a deadly Antipathy .

Sweet Marjoram .

SWeet Marjoram is so wel known , being an Inhabitant in every Garden , that it is needless to write an● Description thereof , neither of the Winter Sweet Marjoram , nor Pot Marjoram .

Place . ] They grow commonly in Gardens ; some sorts there are that grow wild in the Borders or Corn Fields , and Pastures in sundry places of this Land , but it is not my purpose to insist upon them : The Garden kinds being most used and useful .

Time . ] They flower in the end of Summer .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Mercury , and under Aries , and is therfore an excellent Remedy for the Brain and other parts of the Body and Mind , under the Dominion of the same Planet . Our common Sweet Marjoram is warming and comfortable in cold Diseases of the Head , Head , Stomach , Breast , Obst●uctions , Liver , spleen , Womb , Wind , Dropsie , Belly-ach , Terms provokes , Marks of Blows , Noise in the Ears , Joynts , Sinews , Swellings , sneesing , Flegm . Stomach , Sinews , and other parts , taken inwardly , or outwardly applied : The Decoction therof being drunk , helpeth al Diseases of the Chest which hinder the freeness of breathing , and is also profitable for the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen : It helpeth the cold griefs of the Womb , and the windiness therof , and the loss of Speech , by resolution of the Tongue . The Decoction therof made with some Pellitory of Spain , and long Pepper , or with a little Acorus or Origanum , being drunk , is good for those that are beginning to fal into a Dropsie , for those that cannot make Water , and against pains and torment in the Belly ; it provoketh Womens Courses if it be put up as a Pessary . Being made into Pouder and mixed with Honey , it taketh away the black marks of blows and bruises , being therto applied . It is good for the Inflamations and watering of the Eyes , being mixed with fine Flower and laid unto them . The Juyce dropped into the Ears easeth the pains and singing noise in them . It is profitably put into those Oyntments and Salves that are made to warm and comfort the outward parts , as the Joynts and Sinews , for Swellings also , and places out of Joynt . The Pouder therof snuffed up into the Nose , provoketh sneezing , and therby purgeth the Brain ; and chewed in the Mouth draweth forth much Flegm . The Oyl made therof is very warming and comfortable to the Joynts that are stiff , and the Sinews that are hard , to mollifie and supple them . Marjoram is much used in al odoriferous Waters , Pouders , &c. that are for ornament or delight .

Marigolds .

THese being so plentiful in every Garden , are so wel known that they need no Description .

Time . ] They flower al the Summer long , and somtimes in Winter if it be mild .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of the Sun , and under Leo : They strengthen the Heart exceedingly , and are very expulsive , and little less effectual in the smal Pox and Meazles than Saffron . Heart , Vital Spirits , pestilence , smal Pox , Meazles , Hot swellings , Feavers , pestilence . The Juyce of Marigold Leavs mixed with Vinegar , and any hot swelling bathed with it , instantly giveth ease and asswageth it . The Flowers either green or dried are used much in Possets , Broths , and Drinks as a comforter of the Heart and Spirits , and to expel any malignant or pestilential quality which might annoy them . A Plaister made with the dry Flowers in Pouder , Hogs Greas , Turpentine and Rozin , and appled to the Breast , strengthens and succors the Heart infinitly in Feavers whether pestilential or not pestilential .

Masterwort .

Descript. ] COmmon Masterwort hath divers stalks of winged Leavs divided into sundry parts , three for the most part standing together at a smal footstalk on both sides of the greater , and three likewise at the end of the stalk , somwhat broad and cut in on the edges , into three or more divisions , all of them dented about the brims , of a dark green color , somwhat resembling the Leavs of Angelica , but that these grow lower to the ground , and on lesser stalks ; among which rise up two or three short stalks about two foot high , and slender , with such like Leavs at the Joynts as grow below , but with lesser and sewer divisions , bearing Umbels of white Flowers , and after them smal , thin , flat , blackish seed bigger than Dil seeds : The Root is somwhat greater and groweth rather sidewaies than down deep into the ground , shooting forth sundry heads , which tast sharp , biting on the tongue , and is the hottest and sharpest part of the Plant , and the seed next unto it , being somwhat blackish on the outside , and smelling well .

Place . ] It is usually kept in Gardens with us in England .

Time . ] It flowreth and seedeth about the end of August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Mars . The Root of Masterwort is hotter than Pepper , cold griefs stomach , Cold Rhewms , urin , stone , Gravel , Womens Courses , dead child Mother , Dropsie , cramps , & Falling-sickness , Cold poysons , sweat Green Wounds , Rotten ulcers , gout . and very available in al cold griefs and Diseases both of stomach and body , dissolving very powerfully upward and downward : It is also used in a Decoction with Wine against al cold Rhewms , or Distillations upon the Lungs , and shortness of breath , to be taken morning and evening ; it also provoketh Urin , and helpeth to break the Stone , and expel the Gravel from the Kidneys , procureth Womens Courses , and expelleth the dead birth ; is singular good for the strangling of the Mother , and other such like Feminine Diseases . It is effectual also against the Dropsie , Cramps , & the Falling-sicknes , for the Decoction in Wine being gargled in the Mouth , draweth down much Water and Flegm from the Brain , purging and easing it of what oppresseth it . It is of a rare qualitie against al sorts of cold poyson , to be taken as there is cause ; it provoketh sweat : but lest the tast hereof , or of the Seed ( which worketh to the like effect , though not so powerfully ) should be too offensive , the best way is to take the Water distilled both from the Herb and Root . The Juyce hereof dropped , or Tents dipped therin , and applied either to green Wounds , or filthy rotten Ulcers , and those that come by invenomed Weapons , doth soon clense and heal them : The same is also very good to help the Gout coming of a cold cause .

Sweet Maudlin .

Descript. ] COmmon Maudlin have somwhat long , and narrow Leavs , snip'd about the edges : the stalks are two foot high , bearing at the tops many yellow Flowers set round together and al of an equal height in Umbels , tufts like unto Tansie ; after which flowreth smal whitish Seed almost as big as Wormseed . The whol Herb is sweet and bitter .

Place and Time . ] It groweth in Gardens , and Flowreth in June and July .

Government and Vertues . ] The Vertues hereof being the same with Costmary , or Alecost , I shal not trouble you to make any repetition thereof , lest my Book grow too big : but rather refer you unto Costmary for satisfaction .

The Medlar .

Descript. ] THis Tree groweth neer the bigness of the Quince Tree , spreading Branches reasonable large , with longer and narrower Leavs than either the Apple or Quince , and not dented about the edges : At the end of the sprigs stand the Flowers made of five white , great broad pointed Leavs , nicked in the middle , with some white thrids also : after which cometh the Fruit , of a brownish green color being ripe , bearing a Crown as it were on the top , which were the five green Leavs ; and being rubbed off or fallen away , the head of the Fruit is seen to be somwhat hollow . The Fruit is very harsh before it be mellowed , and hath usually five hard kernels within it .

There is another kind herof differing nothing from the former , but that it hath some Thorns on it in several places , which the other hath not , and the Fruit is smal and not so pleasant .

Time . ] They grow in this Land , and Flower in May for the most part , and bear ripe Fruit in September , and October .

Government and Vertues . ] The Fruit is old Saturns , and sure a better Medicine he hardly hath to strengthen the Retentive faculty , therfore it staies Womens Longings , the good old man cannot endure Womens minds should run a gadding : Also a Plaister made of the Fruit dried before they be rotten , Miscarriage , Fluxes , stayeth Womens Longings , Hinders Miscarriage , Gargle , Womens Courses , Piles , Loathing of Meat , or Casting , bleeding , Fresh Wounds , stone in the Kidneys . and other convenient things , and applied to the Reins of the Back , stops Miscarriage in Women with Child . They are very powerful to stay any Fluxes of Blood or Humors in Man or Woman : the Leavs have also the like quality . The Fruit eaten by Women with Child , stayeth their Longings after unusual meats , and is very effectual for them that are apt to Miscarry , and be delivered before their time , to help that Malady , and make them joyful Mothers . The Decoction of them is good to gargle and wash the Mouth , Th●oat , and Teeth , when there is any defluxion of Blood to stay it , or of Humors , which causeth pains and swellings : It is a good bath for Women to sit over that have their Courses flow too abundantly ; or for the Piles when they bleed too much . If a Pultiss or Plaister be made with dried Medlars , beaten and mixed with the Juyce of red Roses , wherunto a few Cloves and Nutmeg may be added , and a little red Corral also , and applied to the Stomach that is given to casting , or loathing of Meat , it effectually helpeth . The dried Leavs in Pouder , strewed on fresh bleeding Wounds , restraineth the Blood , and healeth up the Wound quickly : The Medlar stones made into Pouder and drunk in Wine , wherin som Parsly Roots have lien infused all night , or a little boyled , do break the stone in the Kidneys , helping to expel it .

Melilot , or Kings-Claver .

Descript. ] THis hath many green stalks two or threr foot high , rising from a tough long white Root , which dieth not every year ; set round about at the joynts with smal , and somwhat long wel smelling leavs set three together , unevenly dented about the edges : The flowers are yellow , and wel smelling also , made like other Trefoyls , but smal , standing in long spikes , one above another , for an hand breadth long , or better , which afterwards turn into long crooked Cods , wherin is contained flat seed , somwhat brown .

Place . ] It groweth plentifully in many places of this Land , as in the edg of Suffolk , and in Essex , as also in Huntington shire , and in other places , but most usually in Corn fields , in corners of Meadows .

Time . ] It flowreth in June and July , and is ripe quickly after .

Government and Vertues . ] Melilot boyled in Wine and applied , Hard Tumors & inflamations in the Eyes or elswhere Ulcers in the Head , Stomach pained , Headach , Wind , spleē Dimness of sight , stupidity of Senses , strengthen Memory , Apoplexy . mollifieth al hard Tumors and Inflamations that happen in the Eyes or other parts of the Body , as the Fundament ; or privy parts of Man or Woman ; and somtimes the yolk of a roasted Eg , or fine Flower or Poppy-seed , or Endive is added unto it . It helpeth the spreading Ulcers in the head , it being washed with a Ly made therof ; It helpeth the pains of the Stomach being applied fresh , or boyled with any of the aforenamed things . It helpeth also the pains of the Ears being dropped into them ; and steeped in Vinegar and Rose water , it mitigateth the headach . The flowers of Melilot , and Chamomel , are much used to be put together in Clisters to expel Wind , and to ease pains ; also into Pultices for the same purpose , and to asswage Swellings , or Tumors in the Spleen or other parts ; and helpeth Inflamations in any part of the Body . The juyce dropped into the Eyes , is a singular good Medicine to take away any film or skin that cloudeth or dimneth the Eye ●●●ht . The head often washed with the Distilled Water of the Herb and Flowers , or a Ly made therwith , is effectual for those that have suddenly lost their senses ; as also to strengthen the Memory , to comfort the Head and Brains , and to preserve them from pains and the Apoplexy .

French , and Dogs Mercury .

Descript. ] THis riseth up with a square green stalk ful of joynts two foot high or therabouts , with two leaves at every joynt , and branches likewise from both sides of the stalk , set with fresh green leavs somwhat broad and long , about the bigness of the Leavs of Bassel finely dented about the edges : towards the tops of the stalks and branches come forth at every joynt in the Male Mercury two smal round green heads , standing together upon a short foot-stalk , which growing ripe are the seeds , not having any Flower : In the Female , the stalk is longer , spike fashion , set round about with smal green husks , which are the flowers made like smal branches of grapes which give no seed , but abide long upon the stalks without shedding : The Root is composed of many smal Fibres , which perisheth every year at the first approach of Winter , and riseth again of its own sowing , and where it once is suffered to sow it self , the ground wil never want it afterwards , even both sorts of it .

Dogs Mercury .

HAving Described unto you that which is called French Mercury , I com now to shew you in a Description this kind also .

Descript. ] This is likewise of two kinds , Male and Female , having many stalks , slenderer and lower than Mercury , and without any branches at al upon them : The Male is set with two Leavs at every joynt , somwhat greater than the Female , but more pointed and ful of Veins , and somwhat harder in handling , of a darker green colour , and less dented , or snip'd about the edges : At the Joynts with the Leavs come forth longer stalks than the former , with two hairy round Seeds upon them , twice as big as those of the former Mercury : The tast hereof is Herby ; and the smel somwhat strong and Virulent : The Female hath much harder leavs standing upon longer foot-stalks , and the stalks are also longer : from the joynts come forth spikes of flowers , like the French Female Mercury : The Roots of them both are many , and ful of smal Fibres , which run under ground , and mat themselves very much , not perishing as the former Mercuries do ; but abiding the Winter , and shoot forth new Branches every year ( for the old die down to the ground )

Place . ] The Male and Female French Mercury are found wild in divers places of this Land ; as by a Village called Brookland in Rumny-Marsh in Kent .

The Dogs-Mercury in sundry places of Kent also , and elsewhere ; but the Female more seldom than the Male .

Time . ] They flourish in the Summer months , and therein give their Seed .

Government and Vertues . ] M●●cury they say owns this Herb , but I rather think 't is Venus , and am partly ●●nfident of it too : for I never read that Mercury ever minded Womens business so much ; I beleeve he minds his Study more . The Decoction of the Leavs of Mercury , or the Juyce thereof in Broth , or drunk with a little Sugar put to it , purgeth Chollerick and Waterish Humors . Purgeth Chollerick Humors , Womens Sickness , Mother , Womens Courses , strangury , sore Eyes , Agues , Fl●gm , Rhewms , and Catarrhes , Melancholly Humors , Yellow Jaundice , Warts , Scabs , Tetters , & Ring-worms , Swellings , Inflamations , Waterish & Melancholly Humors . Hippocrates commendeth it wonderfully for Womens Diseases ; and applied it to the secret parts to ease the pains of the Mother ; and used the Decoction of it , both to procure Womans Courses , and to expel the After-birth : And gave the Decoction thereof with Mirrh or Pepper , or used to apply the Leavs outwardly against the Strangury , and Diseases of the Reins and Bladder . He used it also for sore and watering Eyes , and for the Deafness and pain in the Ears , by dropping the Juyce thereof into them , and bathing them afterwards in white Wine . The Decoction thereof made with Water , and a Cock Chicken , is a most safe Medicine against the hot fits of Agues : it also clenseth the Breast and Lungs of Flegm , but a little offendeth the Stomach : The Juyce or distilled Water snuffed up into the nostrils , purgeth the Head and Eyes of Catarrhes and Rhewms . Some use to drink two or three Ounces of the distilled Water , with a little Sugar put to it , in the morning fasting , to open and purge the Body of gross viscuous and Melancholly Humors . It is wonderful ( if it be not fabulous ) that Dioscorides and Theophrastus do relate of it , viz. That if Women use these herbs either inwardly or outwardly for three dayes together after Conception , and their Courses be past , they shal bring forth Male or Female Children , according to that kind of Herb they use . Mathiolus saith , That the Seed both of the Male and Female Mercury boyled with Wormwood and drunk , cureth the yellow Jaundice in a speedy manner : The Leavs or the juyce rubbed upon Warts , taketh them away : The juyce mingled with some Vinegar , helpeth al running Scabs , Tetters , Ring-worms , and the Itch : Galen saith , That being applied in manner of a Pultis , to any swelling or Inflamation , it digesteth the Swelling and allayeth the Inflamation ; and is therfore given in Clysters to evacuate the Belly from offensive Humors . The Dogs Mercury , although it be less used , yet may serve in the same manner to the same purpose to purge waterish and Melancholly Humors .

Mint .

Descript. ] OF al the kinds of Mints , the Spear-Mint , or Heart-Mint , being most useful : I shal only describe it , as followeth : Spear-Mint , hath divers round stalks and long , but narrowish Leavs set theron , of a dark green color . The flowers stand in spiked heads at the tops of the Branches , being of a pale blush colour . The smel or scent hereof is somwhat neer unto Basil ; it encreaseth by the Root under ground , as al the others do .

Place . ] It is an usual inhabitant i● Gardens ; and because it seldom giveth any good Seed , the defect is recompenced by the plentiful encreas of the root which being once planted in a Garden , wil hardly be rid out again .

Time . ] It Flowreth not until the beginning of August , for the most part .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Venus . Dioscorides saith , It hath a Heating , Binding , and drying quality , & therfore the Juyce taken with Vinegar , Provoks venery stays vomiting , allayeth choller Imposthums , great Breasts , mad-Dogs biting , pains of the Ears , good for the stomach pains of the Head , Sores & Scabs , Chops of the Fundament Poyson , Helpeth Liver , & Stomach , stayeth Vomiting , and Hiccough , provoketh Lust , Spleen , Gravel , Stone , & strangury , comforts the Head , sore Mouth , ill Breath , Pallat-down . stayeth Bleeding ; it stirreth up Venery , or bodily Lust . Two or three Branches thereof taken with the Juyce of sowr Pomegranates , stayeth the Hiccough , Vomitting , and allayeth the Choller . It dissolveth Imposthums being laid to with Barly-meal . It is good to repress the Milk in womens Breasts , and for such as have swollen , flagging , or great Breasts . Applied with Salt , it helpeth the biting of a mad Dog ; with Mead or Honyed-water , it easeth the pains of the Ears , and taketh away the roughness of the Tongue , being rubbed therupon . It suffereth not milk to curdle in the Stomach if the Leavs hereof be steeped or boyled in it before you drink it . Briefly it is very profitable to the Stomach . The often use hereof is a very powerful Medicine to stay Womens Courses , and the Whites . Applied to the Forehead or Temples , it easeth pains of the Head . And is good to wash the Heads of yong Children therwith , against al manner of breakings out , Sores , or Scabs therin ; and healeth the chops of the Fundament . It is also profitable against the Poyson of Venemous Creatures . The Distilled Water of Mints is available to al the purposes aforesaid , yet more weakly . But if a Spirit thereof be rightly and Chymically drawn , it is much more powerful than the Herb it self . Simeon Sethi saith , It helpeth a cold Liver , strengthneth the Belly and Stomach , causeth digestion , stayeth Vomit and the Hiccough is good against the Gnawings of the Heart , provoketh Appetite , taketh away Obstructions of the Liver , and stirreth up bodily Lust ; But thereof too much must not be taken , because it maketh the Bloud thin and wheyish , and turneth it into Choller , and therfore Chollerick persons must abstain from it . It is a safe Medicine for the biting of a mad Dog , being bruised with Salt and laid theron . The Pouder of it being dried and taken after Meat , helpeth digestion , and those that are Splenetick : taken with Wine it helpeth Women in their sore Travel in Child bearing : It is good against the Gravel and Stone in the Kidneys , and the Strangury . Being smelled unto , it is comfortable for the Head and Memory . The Decoction thereof gargled in the Mouth , cureth the Gums and Mouth that is sore , and mendeth an ill savored Breath : as also with Rue and Coriander , causeth the Pallat of the Mouth that is down to return to his place , the Decoction being gargled and held in the Mouth .

The Vertues of the Wild or Hors ●ints , such as grow in Ditches ( whose Description I purposely omitted in regard they are wel enough known ) are especially to dissolve Wind in the Stomach , to help the Chollick , Wind , Venereal Dreams , and nightly pollutions , Ears pained , biting of Serpents , Kings Evil , a stinking Breath , Leprosie Dandrif . and those that are short Winded , and are an especial Remedy for those that have Vene●ious Dreams and pollutions in the night , being outwardly applyed to the Testicles or Cods . The juyce dropped into the Ears , easeth the pains of them , and destroyeth the Worms that breed therin . They are good against the Venemous biting of Serpents . The juyce laid on warm , helpeth the Kings Evil , or Kernels in the Throat : The Decoction or Distilled Water helpeth a stinking Breath proceeding from the corruption of the Teeth ; and snuffed up into the Nose , purgeth the Head . Pliny saith , That eating of the Leavs hath been found by experience to cure the Leprosie , and applying some of them to the Face , and to help the Scurf or Dandrif of the head , used with Vinegar .

They are extream bad for wounded people ; and they say a wounded man that eats Mints , his Wound wil never be Cured ; and that 's a long day .

Misselto .

Descript. ] THis riseth up from the Branch or Arm of the Tree wheron it groweth , with a woody stem , parting it self into sundry Branches , and they again divided into many other smaller twigs , interlacing themselves one within another , very much covered with a grayish green bark , h●ving two Leavs set at every joynt , and at the end likewise , which are somwhat long and narrow , smal at the bottom , but broader toward the end . At the knots or joynts of the Boughs and Branches , grow smal yellowish flowers , which turn into smal round white transparant Berries three or four together , full of gluttenous moisture , with a blackish Seed in every of them , which was never yet known to spring , being put into the ground , or any where els to grow .

Place ] It groweth very rarely on Oaks with us , but upon sundry other , as wel Timber as Fruit-Trees , plentifully in Woods , Groves , and the like , through al this Land .

Time . ] It Flowreth in the Spring time , but the Berries be not ripe until October , and abide on the Branches al the Winter , unless the Black-Birds , and other Birds do devour them .

Government and Vertues . ] That it is under the Dominion of the Sun , I do not question ; and can also take for granted , That that which grows upon Oaks participates somthing of the Nature of Jupiter , becaus an Oak is one of his Trees ; as also that which grows upon Pear-trees , and Apple-trees , participates somthing of his Nature , because he rules the Trees it grows upon , having no Root of its own : But why that should have most Vertues that grows upon Oaks I know not , unless because 't is rarest , and hardest to come by ; and our Colledges Opinion is in this , contrary to the Scripture , which saith , Gods tender mercies are over all his Works , and so 't is , let the Colledg of Physitians walk as contrary to him as they please , and that 's as contrary as the East is to the West . Clusius affirms that which grows upon Pear-trees to be as prevalent , and give order that it should not touch the ground after it is gathered , and also saith , That being hung about the Neck it remedies Witchcraft . Witchcraft Both the Leavs and Berries of Misselto do heat and dry , and are of subtil parts : The Birdlime doth mollifie hard Knots , Impostums Spleen , Ulcers Falling-Sickness , Apoplexy , Palsey , Impostums Tumors and Inposthumes , ripeneth and discusseth them ; and draweth forth thick as wel as thin Humors from the remote places of the Body , digesting and separating them : And being mixed with equal parts of Rozin and Wax , doth mollifie the hardness of the Spleen , and healeth old Ulcers and Sores : Being mixed with Sandarack , and Ortment , it helpeth to draw off foul Nails ; and if Quicklime and Wine Lees , be added therunto it worketh the stronger . The Misselto it self of the Oak ( as the best ) made into Pouder and given in drink to those that have the Falling-sickness , doth assuredly heal them as Mathiolus saith , but it is fit to use it for forty daies together . Some have so highly esteemed of the Vertues hereof that they have called it , Lignum Sanctae Crucis , Wood of the holy Cross , beleeving it to help the Falling-sickness , Apoplexie , and Palsie very speedily , not only to be inwardly taken , but to be hung at their Necks . Tragus saith , That the fresh Wood of any Mislelto bruised , and the Juyce drawn forth and dropped into the Ears that have Impostumes in them , doth help and eas them within a few daies .

Money-wort , or Herb-Twopence .

Descript. ] THe common Money-wort , sendeth forth from a smal thriddy Root , divers long , weak , and slender Branches lying and running upon the ground two or three foot long or more , set with Leavs two at a Joynt one against another at equal distances , which are almost round , but pointed at the ends , smooth , and of a good green color : At the Joynts with the Leavs from the middle forward come forth at every joynt somtimes one yellow Flower , and somtimes two , standing each on a smal Footstalk , and made of five Leavs , narrow , and pointed at the ends , with some yellow threds in the middle : which being past , there stand in their places smal round Heads of Seed .

Place . ] It groweth plentifully in almost al places of this Land ; commonly in moist grounds by Hedg sides , and in the middle of grassy Fields .

Time . ] They flower in June and July , and their Seed is ripe quickly after .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus owns it . Money-wort is singular good to stay al Fluxes in Man or Woman , whether they be Lasks , Fluxes , Ulcers , Green Wounds , Old ulcers bloody Fluxes , the flowing of Womens Courses , bleedings inwardly or outwardly , and the weakness of the Stomach that is given to casting . It is very good also for al Ulcers , or Excoriations of the Lungs or other inward parts . It is exceeding good for al Wounds , either fresh or green to heal them speedily ; and for old Ulcers that are of a spreading Nature : For al which purposes , the Juyce of the Herb , or the Pouder drunk in Water wherin hot Steel hath been often quenched ; or the Decoction of the green Herb in Wine or Water drunk ; or the Seed , Juyce , or Decoction used to the outward places to wash or bath them , or to have Tents dipped therein and put into them , are effectual .

Moon-wort .

Descript. ] IT riseth up usually but with one dark green thick and fat Leaf standing upon a short footstalk , not above two fingers breadth ; but when it wil flower it may be said to bear a smal slender stalk about four or five inches high , having but one Leaf set in the middle thereof , which is much divided on both sides into somtimes five or seven parts on a side , somtimes more , each of which parts is smal next the middle rib , but broad forwards and round pointed , resembling therin an half Moon from whence it took the name , the upermost parts or divisions being less than the lowest : The stalk riseth above this Leaf two or three inches , bearing many branches of smal long Tongues , every one like the spiky head of Adders-Tongue , of a brownish color , which whether I shal cal them Flowers or the Seed , I wel know not : which after they have continued a while resolve into a Mealy dust : The Root is smal and Fibrous . This hath somtimes divers such like Leavs as are before described , with so many branches or tops arising from one Stalk each divided from the other .

Place . ] It groweth on Hils , and Heaths , yet where there is much Grass , for therin it delighteth to grow .

Time . ] It is to be found only in April and May , for in June when any hot weather cometh , for the most part it is withered and gone .

Government and Vertues . ] The Moon owns the Herb . Moon-wort is cold and drying more than Adders-Tongue , and is therfore held to be more available for al Wounds both inward and outward : The Leavs bo●led in red Wine and drunk stayeth the immoderate Flux of Womens Courses , Womens Courses , Bleedings , vomiting , Fluxes , Broken & disjoynted Bones , Green Wounds . and the Whites : It also stayeth Bleeding , Vomitings , and other Fluxes : It helpeth al Blows and Bruises , and to consolidate al Fractures and Dislocations : It is good for Ruptures : But it is chiefly used by most with other Herbs to make Oyls or Balsoms to heal fresh or green Wounds ( as I said before ) either inward or outward , for which it is excellent good .

Moon-wort is an Herb which they say wil open Locks , and unshoo such Horses as tread upon it ; this some laugh to scorn , and those no smal Fools neither : but Country people that I know , cal it [ Unshoo the Horse : ] Besides , I have heard Commanders say , That on White Down in Devon-shire neer Tiverton , there was found thirty Hors-shoos , pulled off from the feet of the Earl of Essex his Horses being there drawn up in a Body , many of them being but newly shod , and no reason known , which caused much admiration : and the Herb described usually grows upon Heaths .

Mosses .

I Shal not trouble the Reader with any Description of these , sith my intent is to speak only of two kinds as the most principal , viz. Ground-Moss , and Tree-Moss , both which are very wel known .

Place . ] The Ground-Moss , growing in our moist Woods , and the bottoms of Hils , in boggy grounds , and in shadowy Ditches , and many other such li●e places .

The Tree-Moss groweth only on Trees .

Government and Vertues . ] Al sorts of Mosses are under the Dominion of Saturn . The Ground-Moss is held to be singular good to break the Stone , Stone , Inflamations . and to expel and drive it forth by Urin , being boyled in Wine and drunk : The Herb bruised and boyled in Water and applied , easeth al Inflamations and pains coming of an hot cause ; and is therefore used to ease the pains of the ●ot Gout .

The Tree-Mosses are cooling and binding , and partake of a digesting and mollifying quality withal , as Galen saith . But each Moss doth partake of the Nature of the Tree from whence it is taken ; therfore that of the Oak is more binding , Fluxes , Vomiting , Bleeding , Womens Courses , and is of good effect to stay Fluxes in man or Woman , as also Vomitings or Bleedings , the Pouder therof being taken in Wine : The Decoction therof in Wine is very good for Women to be bathed with , or to sit in that are troubled with the overflowing of their Courses : The same being drunk stayeth the stomach that is troubled with casting , or the Hiccough ; and as Avicenna saith , it comforteth the Heart : The Pouder therof taken in Drink for some time together , is thought available for the Dropsie . Dropsie , Headach , Sinews . The Oyl of Roses that have had fresh Moss steeped therin for a time , and after boyled and applied to the Temples and F●rehead , do●h mervelously eas the Head-ach coming of a hot caus ; as also the Distillations of hot Rhewm or Humors to the Eyes or other parts : The Ancients much used it in their Oyntments and other Medicines against Lassitude , and to strengthen and comfort the Sinews . For which , if it was good then , I know no reason but it may be found so stil .

Mother-wort .

Descript. ] THis hath a hard , square , brownish , rough , strong Stalk , rising three or four foot high at least , spreading into many Branches ; wheron grow Leavs on each side with long Footstalks , two at every Joynt , which are somwhat broad and long , as it were rough , or crumpled , with many great Veins therin , of a sad green color , and deeply dented about the edges , and almost divided : From the middle of the Branches up to the tops of them ( which are very long and smal ) grow the Flowers round about them at distances , in sharp pointed rough hard Husks , of a more red or purple color than Balm or Horehound , but in the same manner or form as the Horehounds : after which come smal round blackish Seeds in great plenty . The Root sendeth forth a number of long strings and smal fibres , taking strong hold in the ground , of a dark yellowish or brownish color , and abideth as the Horehound doth , the smel of this being not much different from it .

Place . ] It groweth only in Gardens with us in England .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus owns the Herb , and it is under Leo : There is no better Herb to drive Melancholly Vapors from the Heart , Melancholly Vapors , Swounings Sore Travail , Mother , vrine , Womens Courses , Flegm , Cold Flegm , Cramps , Convulsions . to strengthen it , and make a merry , cheerful , blithe soul , than this Herb : It may be kept in a Syrup or Conserve , therfore the Latins called it Cardiaca . Besides , it makes Women joyful Mothers of Children , and settles their Wombs as they should be ; therfore we cal it Motherwort . It is held to be of much use for the trembling of the Heart , and in faintings and swoonings from whence it took the name Cardiaca . The Pouder therof to the quantity of a spoonful drunk in Wine is a wonderful help to Women in their sore Travels , as also for the suffocations or risings of the Mother ; and from these effects it is likely it took the name of Motherwort with us . It also provoketh Urine and Womens Courses , clenseth the Chest of cold Flegm oppressing it , and killeth the Worms in the Belly : It is of good use to warm and dry up the cold Humors , to digest and disperse them that are setled in the Veins , Joynts , and Sinews of the Body , and to help Cramps and Convulsions .

Mouse-Ear .

Descript. ] MOuse-Ear is a low Herb creeping upon the ground by smal strings like the Strawberry Plant , wherby it shooteth forth smal Roots , whereat grow upon the ground many smal and somwhat short Leavs set in a round form together , hollowish in the middle where they are broadest , of an hoary color al over , and very hairy , which being broken do give a white Milk : From among these Leavs spring up two or three smal hoary Stalks about a span high , with a few smaller Leavs theron : At the tops wherof standeth usually but one Flower , consisting of many paler yellow Leavs broad at the points , and a little dented in , set in three or four rows , the greater outermost , very like a D●ndelyon Flower , and a little reddish underneath about the edges , especially if it grow in a dry ground : which after they have stood long in Flower , do turn into Down , which with the Seed is carried away with the wind .

Place . ] It groweth on Ditch Banks , and somtimes in Ditches if they be dry , and in sandy grounds .

Time . ] It flowreth about June and July , and abideth green all the Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] The Moon owns the Herb also , and though Authors cry out upon Alchymists for attempting to fix Quick Silver by this Herb and Moonwort : A Roman would not have judged a thing by the success ; if it be to be fixed at al , 't is by Lunar Influence . The Juyce hereof taken in Wine , or the Decoction therof drunk , doth help the Jaundice although of long continuance to drink therof morning and evening , Jaundice , Stone , belly-●ch , Dro●sie , Flux , Wounds , Bloody Flux , Terms stops , Cough , Phtisick , Ruptures , Canker , Ulcers , spreading sores . and abstain from other drink two or three hours after : It is a special Remedy against the Stone , and the tormenting pains therof ; as also other Tortures and griping pains of the Bowels : The Decoction thereof with Succory and Centaury , is held very effectual to help the Dropsie , and them that are inclining therunto , and the Dise●ses of the Spleen . It stayeth the Fluxes of Blood , either at the Mouth or Nose , and inward bleedings also , for it is a singular Wound-Herb for Wounds both inward and outward ; It helpeth the Bloody flux , and helpeth the abundance of Womens Courses . There is a Syrup made of the Juyce herof and Sugar by the Apothecaries of Italy , and other places , which is of much account with them , to be given to those that are troubled with the Cough or Phtisick : The same also is singular good for Ruptures or Burstings . The green Herb bruised and presently bound to any fresh Cut or Wound , doth quickly soder the Lips therof . And the Juyce , Decoction , or Pouder of the dried Herb , is most singular to stay the malignity of spreading and fretting Cankers and Ulcers whersoever , yea , in the Mouth , or secret parts : The distilled Water of the Plant is available in all the Diseases aforesaid , and to wash outward Wounds and Sores , and to apply Tents , or Cloaths wet therin .

Mugwort .

Descript. ] COmmon Mugwort have divers Leavs lying upon the ground , very much divided , or cut deeply in about the Brims , somwhat like Wormwood , but much larger , of a dark green color on the upper side , and very hoary white underneath . The stalks rise to be four or five foot high , having on it such like Leavs as those below , but somwhat smaller , branching forth very much toward the top , wheron are set very smal pale yellowish Flowers like Buttons , which fal away ; and after them come smal Seed inclosed in round Heads : The Root is long and hard with many smal Fibres growing from it , whereby it taketh strong hold in the ground , but both stalk and Leaf do die down every yeer , and the Root shooteth anew in the Spring . The whol Plant is of a reasonable good scent , and is more easily propagated by the Slips , than by the Seed .

Place . ] It groweth plentifully in many places of this Land , by the way sides , as also by smal Water-Courses , and in divers other places .

Time . ] It Flowreth and Seedeth in the end of Summer .

Government and Vertues . ] This is an Herb of Venus , therfore maintaineth the parts of the Body she rules , and remedies the Diseases of the parts that are under her Signs , Terms provokes , Birth , Afterbirth Womb inflamed , Wens , Taurus and Libra . Mugwort is with good success put among other Herbs that are boyled for Women to sit over the hot Decoction , to draw down their Courses , to help the Delivery of the Birth , and expel the Afterbirth , as also for the Obstructions and Inflamations of the Mother . It breaketh the Stone , and causeth one to make water where it is stopped : The Juyce thereof made up with Mirrh , and put under as a Pessary , worketh the same effect , and so doth the Root also , being made up with Hogs Grease into an Oyntment , Kings Evil , pains in the Neck , Opium , Sciatica , Sinews pained , Cramp . it taketh away Wens and hard Knots and Kernels that grow about the Neck and Throat , and easeth the pains about the Neck more effectually , if some field Daisies be put with it . The Herb it self being fresh , or the Juyce therof taken , is a special Remedy upon the overmuch taking of Opium . Three drams of the Pouder of the dried Leavs taken in Wine , is a speedy and the best certain help for the Sciatica . A Decoction therof made with Chamomel and Agrimony , and the place bathed therwith while it is warm , taketh away the pains of the Sinews and the Cramp .

The Mulberry-Tree .

THis is so wel known where it groweth , that it needeth no Description .

Time . ] It beareth Fruit in the Months of July and August .

Government and Vertues . ] Mercury rules the Tree , therfore are its effects variable as his are . The Mulberry is of different parts ; the ripe Berries by reason of their sweetness and slippery moisture , opening the Belly , and the unripe binding it , especially when they are dried , and then they are good to stay Fluxes , Binding , Fluxes , Lasks , Terms stops , Inflamation , Uvula , sore Mouth & Throat , Toothach , Bleeding , Hemorrhoids , Lasks , and the abundance of Womens Courses . The Bark of the Root killeth the broad Worms in the Body . The Juyce , or the Syrup made of the Juyce of the Berries , helpeth al Inflamations or Sores in the Mouth or Throat , and the Pallat of the Mouth when it is fallen down . The Juyce of the Leavs is a Remedy against the biting of Serpents , and for those that have taken Aconite : The Leavs beaten with Vinegar is good to lay on any place that is burnt with fire . A Decoction made of the Bark and Leavs , is good to wash the Mouth and Teeth when they ach . If the Root be a little slit or cut , and a smal hole made in the ground next therunto , in the Harvest time , it wil give out a certain Juyce , which being hardned , the next day is of good use to help the Toothach , to dissolve knots , and purge the Belly : The Leavs of Mulberries are said to stay bleeding at Mouth or Nose , or the bleeding of the Piles , or of a Wound being bound unto the places . A Branch of the Tree taken when the Moon is at the ful , A curious secret . and bound to the Wrest of a Womans Arm , whose Courses come down too much doth stay them in a short space .

Mullein .

Descript. ] COmmon white Mullein hath many fair large woolly white Leavs lying next the ground , somwhat longer than broad , pointed at the ends , and as it were dented about the edges : The Stalk riseth up to be four or five foot high , covered over with such like Leavs , but lesser , so that no Stalk can be seen for the multitude of Leavs thereon up to the Flowers , which come forth on al sides of the Stalk , without any Branches for the most part , and are many set together in a long spike , in some of a gold yellow color , in others more pale , consisting of five round pointed Leavs , which afterward give smal round Heads , wherin is smal brownish Seed contained : The Root is long , white , and woody , perishing after it hath born Seed .

Place . ] It groweth by way sides , and Lanes , in many places of this Land .

Time . ] It flowreth in July , or thereabouts .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Saturn . A smal quantity of the Root given in Wine , is commended by Dioscorides against Lasks and Fluxes of the Belly : Flux , Ruptures , Cramp , Convulsion , Cough , Toothach , Hemorrhoids , Bloody , Flux , Obstructions , Reins , Bladder , Sinews , Gout , Warts , Bellyach , Chollick , Inflamation , Thorns , splinters , Boyls , Groyn , Disjunctures . The Decoction thereof drunk is profitable for those that are Bursten , and for Cramps and Convulsions , and for those that are troubled with an old Cough . The Decoction therof gargled , easeth the pains of the Toothach . An Oyl made by the often Infusion of the Flowers , is of very good effect for the Piles . The Decoction of the Root in red Wine , or in Water ( if there be an Ague ) wherin red hot Steel hath been often quenched , doth stay the Bloody flux : The same also openeth obstructions of the Bladder and Reins when one cannot make water . A Decoction of the Leavs hereof , and of Sage , Marjoram and Chamomel Flowers , and the places bathed therewith that have Sinews stark with cold , or Cramps , doth bring them much eas , and comfort . Three ounces of the distilled Water of the Flowers drunk morning and evening for some daies together , is said to be the most excellent Remedy for the hot Gout . The Juyce of the Leavs and Flowers being laid upon rough Warts , as also the Pouder of the dried roots rubbed on , doth easily take them away ; but doth no good to smooth Warts . The Pouder of the dried Flowers is an especial Remedy for those that are troubled with Belly-aches or the pains of the Chollick . The Decoction of the Root , and so likewise of the Leavs is of great effect to dissolve the Tumors , Swellings , or Inflamation of the Throat . The Seed and Leavs boyled in Wine , and applied , draweth forth speedily Thorns , or Splinters gotten into the Flesh , easeth the pains , and healeth them also . The Leavs bruised and wrapped in double Papers , and covered with hot ashes and Embers to bake a while , and then taken forth and laid warm on any Botch or Boyl hapning in the Groyn or Share , doth dissolve and heal them . The Seed bruised , and boyled in Wine , and laid on any Member that hath been out of Joynt and is newly set again , taketh , away al Swellings and pains therof .

Mustard .

Descript. ] OUr common Mustard hath large and broad rough Leavs , very much jagged with uneven and unorderly gashes , somwhat like Turnip Leavs , but lesser and rougher : The Stalk riseth to be more than a foot high , & somtimes two foot high , being round , rough , and branched at the top , bearing such like Leavs theron as grow below , but lesser , and less divided ; and divers yellow Flowers one above another at the tops ; after which come smal rough Pods , with smal lank flat ends , wherein is contained round yellowish Seed , sharp , hot , and biting upon the Tongue : The Root is smal , long , and woody , when it beareth Stalks , and perisheth every yeer .

Place . ] This groweth with us in Gardens only , and other manured places .

Time . ] It is an annual Plant , Flowring in July , and their Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an excellent Sawce for such whose Blood wants clarifying , and for weak Stomachs , being an Herb of Mars , but naught for Chollerick people , though as good for such as are aged or troubled with cold Diseases : Aries claims somthing to do with it , therefore it strengthens the Heart and resisteth Poyson : let such whose Stomachs are so weak they cannot digest their meat , or appetite it , take of Mustard Seed a dram , Cinnamon as much , and having beaten them to Pouder , ad half as much Mastich in Pouder , and with Gum Arabick dissolved in Rose Water , make it up into Troches , of which they may take one of about half a dram weight an hour or two before meals , let old men and women make much of this Medicine , and they wil either give me thanks , or manifest ingratitude . Mustard Seed hath the Vertue of heating , discussing , rarefying , Heat● , Dries , Splinters , Thorns , Terms , povokes , Falling-sickness , Lethargie , Sneezing , Disury , Poyson , Mushroms venemous Breasts , Agues , Lust provokes , Spleen , Uvula , Sciatica ; Toothach , Pains , Hair , Bruises , Black and blue spots , roughness , Leprosie , Leuzie Evil , Mor-Freckles , Wry Necks . and drawing out Splinters of Bones , and other things out of the flesh . It is of good effect to bring down Womens Courses , for the Falling-sickness or Lethargy , drousie forgetful evil , to use it both inwardly , and outwardly to rub th● Nostrils , Forehead and Temples , to warm and quicken the Spirits , for by the fierce sha●pness it purgeth the Brain by sneezing , and drawing down Rhewm and other viscuous Humors , which by their distillations upon the Lungs and Chest procure Coughing , and therfore with some Honey added thereto doth much good therein . The Decoction of the Seed made in Wine and drunk , provoketh Urin , resisteth the force of Poyson , the malignity of Mushroms , and the Venom of Scorpions , or other Venemous Creatures , if it be taken in time : and taken before the cold fits of Agues , altereth , lesseneth , and cureth them . The Seed taken either by it self or with other things , either in an Electuary or Drink , doth mightily stir up bodily Lust , and helpeth the Spleen and pains in the Sides , and gnawing in the Bowels . And used as a Gargle , draweth up the Pallat of the Mouth being fallen down , and also it dissolveth the Swellings about the Throat if it be outwardly applied . Being chewed in the Mouth , it oftentimes helpeth the Toothach . The outward application hereof upon the pained place of the Sciatica , discusseth the Humors , and easeth the pains , as also of the Gout , and other Joynt aches . And is much and often used to eas pains in the Sides or Loyns , the Shoulders , or other parts of the Body , upon the applying therof to raise Blisters , and cureth the Disease by drawing it to the outward part of the Body : It is also used to help the falling of the Hair : The Seed bruised , mixed with Honey and applied , or made up with Wax , taketh away the Marks , and black and blue spots of Bruises or the like , the roughness or scabbedness of the Skin , as also the Leprosie and Lousie evil : it helpeth also the crick in the Neck . The distilled Water of the Herb when it is in Flower , is much used to drink inwardly to help in any the Diseases aforesaid , or to wash the Mouth when the Pallat is down , and for the diseases of the Throat to gargle , but outwardly also for Scabs , Itch , or other like infirmities , and clenseth the Face from Morphew , Spots , Freckles , and other Deformities .

Hedg-Mustard .

Descript. ] THis groweth up usually but with one blackish green Stalk , tough , easie to bend but not break , branched into divers parts , and somtimes with divers Stalks set full of Branches , whereon grow long , rough , or hard rugged Leavs , very much torn or cut on the edges into many parts , some bigger , and somelesser , of a dirty green color : The Flowers are smal and yellow , that grow at the tops of the Branches , in long spikes , flowring by degrees , so that continuing long in Flower the stalks wil have smal round Cods at the bottom , growing upright and close to the stalk , while the top Flowers , yet shew themselves ; in which are contained smal yellow Seed , sharp and strong , as the Herb is also . The Root groweth down slender and woody , yet abiding , and springing again every yeer .

Place . ] This groweth frequently in this Land by the Waies and Hedgsides , and somtimes in the open Fields .

Time . ] It flowreth most usually about July .

Government and Vertues . ] Mars owns this Herb also . It is singular good in al the Diseases of the Chest and Lungs , Hoarsness of Voyce , Chest , Lungs , Hoarsness , Cough , shortness of breath , Jaundice , Pluresie , Back , Loyns , Belly , Chollick , Poyson , Sciatica , Gout , Joynts , Fistulaes , ulcers , cankers , Testicles , womens Breasts . and by the use of the Decoction therof for a little space , those have been recovered who had utterly lost their voyce , and almost their spirits also . The Juyce thereof made into a Syrup , or licking Medicine with Honey or Sugar is no less effectual for the same purpose , and for al other Coughs , Wheesings , and shortness of Breath The same is also profitable for those that have the Jaundice , the Pluresie , pains in the Back and Loyns , and for torments in the Belly , or the Chollick , being also used in Clysters . The Seed is held to be a special Remedy against Poyson and Venom : It is singular good for the Sciatica , the Gout , and al Joynt aches , Sores , and Cankers in the Mouth , Throat , or behind the Ears ; and no less for the hardness and Swelling of the Testicles , or of Womens Breasts .

Nail-wort , or Whitlow-grass .

Descript. ] THis very smal and common Herb hath no Roots , save only a few strings , neither doth it ever grow to be above a band breadth high : The Leavs are very smal , and somthing long , not much unlike those of Chickweed ; amongst which arise up divers slender Stalks , bearing many white Flowers one above another , which are exceeding smal : After which come smal flat Pouches containing the Seed which is very smal , but of a sharp tast .

●lace . ] It grows commonly upon old stone and brick Wals , and somtimes in dry gravelly Grounds , especially if there be grass or Moss neer , to shadow it .

Time . ] They flower very early in the yeer , somtimes in January , and in February , for before the end of April they are not to be found .

Imposthumse , whitlows , Felons , Andicoms Nail-wheals . [ Government and Vertues . ] It is held to be exceeding good for those Imposthumes in the Joynts , and under the Nails , which they cal Whitlows , Felons , Andicoms , and Nail-wheals .

Nep , or Catmint .

Descript. ] COmmon Garden Nep shooteth forth hard four square Stalks with a hoariness on them , a yard high or more , ful of Branches , bearing at every Joynt two broad Leavs , somwhat like Balm but longer pointed , softer , whiter , and more hoary , nicked about the edges , and of a strong sweet scent . The flowers grow in large tufts at the tops of the Branches , and undernea●h them likewise on the Stalks many together , of a whitish purple color . The Roots are composed of many long strings or Fibres , fastning themselves strongly in the ground , and abide with green Leavs theron al the Winter .

Place . ] It is only nursed up in our Gardens .

Time . ] And it flowreth in July , or therabouts .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Venus . Nep is generally used for Women to procure their Courses , Terms provokes , Barrenness Womb , Wind , Mother , Cough , Rhewms , Vertigo , Cramp , Cold ach , Difficulty of breath , Bruises , Hemorrhoids , Scabby Heads . being taken inwardly or outwardly , either alone or with other convenient Herbs in a Decoction to bath them , or sit over the hot fumes therof , and by the frequent use therof it taketh away barrenness , and the wind and pains of the Mother . It is also used in pains of the Head coming of any cold caus , as Catarrhs , Rhewms , and for swimming and giddiness therof , and is of especial use for the windiness of the Stomach and Belly . It is effectual for any Cramps or cold aches , to dissolve the cold and wind that afflicteth the place , and is used for Colds , Coughs , and shortness of breath . The Juyce therof drunk in Wine is profitable for those that are bruised by any accident . The green Herb bruised and applied to the Fundament , and lying there two or three hours , easeth the pains of the Piles . The Juyce also being made up into an Oyntment , is effectual for the same purpose : The Head washed with a Decoction therof , it taketh away Scabs ; and may be effectual for other parts of the Body also .

Nettles .

NEttles are so wel known that they need no Description at al , they may be found by feeling in the darkest night .

Government and Vertues . ] This also is an Herb Mars claims Dominion over : you know Mars is hot and dry , and you know as wel that Winter is cold and moist ; then you may know as wel the reason why Nettle tops eaten in spring consume the Flegmatick superfluities in the Body of man , that the coldness and moisture of Winter hath left behind . The Roots or Leavs boyled , Lungs , wheezing , shortness of breath , Pluresie , Almonds of the Ears , Ears , Throat , Mouth , Uvula , Terms provokes Mother , Disury , Gravel , Vorms , spleen , bleeding , Venem . Beasts mad-dogs , hemlock , Henbane , Night-shade , Mandrakes , Lethargy , Morphew , Leprosie , Bleeding , Polipus , Ulcers , Fistulaes , Gangreens , Scabs , Itch , Wounds , Weariness , Disjunctures , gout , Sciatica , joynts . or the Juyce of either of them , or both , made into an Electuary with Honey or Sugar , is a safe and sure Medicine to open the Pipes & Passages of the Lungs , which is the cause of wheesing and shortness of breath , and helpeth to expectorate tough flegm , as also to raise the impostumated Pluresie , and spend it by spitting ; the same helpeth the swelling of the Almonds of the Throat , the Mouth & Throat being gargled therwith . The Juyce is also effectual to settle the Pallate of the Mouth in it 's place , and to heal and temper the inflamations and soreness of the Mouth and Throat . The Decoction of the Leavs in Wine , being drunk , is singular good to provoke Womens Courses , and settle the suffocation or strangling of the Mother , and al other diseases therof , as also applied outwardly with a little Mirrh . The same also , or the Seed , provoketh Urine , and expelleth the G●avel and Stone in the Reins or Bladder often proved to be effectual in many that have taken it . The same killeth the Worms in Children , easeth pains in the sides , and dissolveth the windiness in the Spleen , as also in the Body , although others think it only powerful to provoke Venery . The Juyce of the Leavs taken two or three dayes together , st●yeth bleeding at the Mouth . The Seed being drunk , is a Remedy against the stinging of Venemous Creatures , the bitting of mad-Dogs , the poysonful qualities of Hemlocks , Henbane , Nightshade , Mandrake , or other such like He●bs that stupifie or dull the Senses ; as also the Lethargy , especially to use it outwardly to rub the Fore-head , or Temples in the Lethargy , and the places bitten or stung with Beasts , with a little Salt . The Distilled Watter of the Herb is also effectual ( although not so powerful ) for the Diseases aforesaid , as for outward Wounds and Sores to wash them , and to clense the skin from Morphew , Leprosie , and other discolourings thereof ; The Seed or Leavs bruised , and put into the Nostrils , stayeth the Bleeding of them , and taketh away the Flesh growing in them , called Polipus . The Juyce of the Leavs , or the Decoction of them , or of the Roots , is singular good to wash either old , rotten , or stinking Sores , or Fistulaes and Gangrenes , and such as are fretting , eating , or corroding Scabs , Manginess and Itch in any part of the Body , as also green Wounds by washing them therwith , or applying the green Herb bruised therunto , yea , although the Flesh were separated from the Bones : The same applied to our wearied Members refresheth them , or to places that have been out of Joynt being first set again , strengtheneth , drieth , and comforteth them , as also those places troubled with aches and Gouts , and the Defluxion of Humors upon the Joynts or Sinews , it easeth the pains , and drieth or dissolveth the Defluxions , An Oyntment made of the Juyce , Oyl , and a little Wax , is singular good to rub cold and benummed Members . An handful of the Leavs of green Nettles , and another of Wal-wort , or D●newort , bruised and applied simply of themselvs to the Gout , Sciatica , or Joynt-aches in any part , hath been found to be an admirable help therunto .

Nightshade .

Descript. ] COmmon Nightshade hath an upright , round green , hollow stalk , about a Foot or half a yard high , bushing forth into many Branches , whereon grow many green Leavs , somewhat broad and pointed at the ends , soft and full of Juyce , somwhat like unto Bazil , but larger , and a little unevenly dented about the edges : at the tops of the Stalks and B●anches , come forth three or four or more white Flowers made of five smal pointed Leavs apeice , standing on a Stalk together , one above another with yellow pointels in the middle , composed of four or five yellow threds set togethe● which afterwards turn into so many pendulous green Berries of the bignesse of smal Pease , full of green Juyce , and small whi●ish round flat Seed lying within it . The Root is white and a little woody when it hath given Flower and fruit with many smal Fibres at it ; The whole Plant is of a waterish insipide tast , but the Juyce within the Berries is somwhat viscuous , and of a cooling and binding quality .

Place . ] It groweth wild with us , under old Walls , and in Rubbish , the common paths , and sides of Hedges , and Fields , as also in our Gardens here in England without any planting .

Time . ] It dieth down every year , and ariseth again of its own sowing , but springeth not until the latter end of April at the soonest .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a cold Saturnine Plant . This common Nightshade is wholly used to cool hot Inflamations either inwardly or outwardly , being no way dangerous to any that shal use it , as most of the rest of the Nightshades are ; Inflamations , Inflamations , in the Eyes , Shingles , Ring-Worms , Terms , stops , Testicles , Gouts , Ears , yet it must be used moderatly : The distilled Water only of the whole Herb is fittest and safest to be taken inwardly : The juyce also clarified and taken , being mingled with a little Vinegar , is good to wash the Mouth and Throat that is inflamed : But outwardly the juyce of the Herb or Berries with Oyl of Roses , and a little Vinegar and Ceruss labored together in a leaden morter , is very good to anoint al hot Inflamations in the Eyes : It doth also much good for the Shingles , Ringworms , and in al running , fretting , and corroding Ulcers , and in moist Fistulaes , and if the juyce be made up with some Hens-dung and applied therunto : A Pessary dipped in the Juyce , and put up into the Matrix , stayeth the immoderate Flux of Womens Courses : A Cloth wet therin , and applied to the the Testicles or Cods , upon any swelling therin , giveth much ease , as also to the Gout that cometh of hot and sharp Humors . The juyce droped into the Ears , easeth pains therof that arise of heat or inflamation . And Pliny saith , It is good for hot swellings under the Throat . Have a care you mistake not the deadly Nightshade for this ; if you know it not , you may let them both alone and take no harm , having other Medicines sufficient in the Book .

The Oak .

IT is so wel known ( the Timber therof being the Glory and Safety of this Nation by Sea ) that it needeth no Description .

Government and Vertues . ] Jupiter owns the Tree . The Leavs and Bark of the Oak , and the Acorn Cups , do bind and dry very much : Dry , Bind , spitting Bloud , flux Vomiting , Venerious Acts , Disury , Poyson , Venem . Beasts , Catharides , Ulcers of the bladder , The inner Bark of the Tree , and the thin skin that covereth the Acorn , are most used to stay the spitting of Bloud , and the Bloudy-flux : The Decoction of that Bark , and the Pouder of the Cups , to stay Vomitings , spitting of Bloud , bleeding at Mouth , or other Flux of Bloud in man or Woman , Lasks also , and the involuntary Flux of natural Seed . The Acorns in Pouder taken in Wine , provoketh Urine , and resisteth the Poyson of Venemous Creatures . The Decoction of Acorns and the Bark made in Milk , and taken , resisteth the force of Poysonous Herbs and Medicines , as also the Virulency of Cantharides , when one by eating them , hath his Bladder exulcerated , and pisseth Blood . Hippocrates saith , He used the fumes of Oak Leavs to Women that were troubled with the strangling of the Mother ; and Galen applied them being bruised , to cure green Wounds . The Distilled Water of the Oaken Buds before they break out into Leavs , Mother , wounds Inflamation , Flux , pestilences , epidemical Diseases , Liver Stone , Terms stops , Scabs . is good to be used either inward or outwardly to asswage Inflamations , and stop al manner of Fluxes in man or Woman : The same is singular good in Pestilential and hot burning Feavers , for it resisteth the force of the infection , and allayeth the heat : it cooleth the heat of the Liver , breaketh the Stone in the Kidneys , and stayeth Womens Courses . The Decoction of the Leavs worketh the same effects . The Water that is found in the hollow places of old Oaks , is very effectual against any foul or spreading Scab . The Distilled Water ( or Decoction which is better ) of the Leavs is one of the best Remedies that I know for the Whites in Women .

Oats .

THese are also so wel known that they need no Description .

Government and Vertues . ] Oats fryed with Bay-salt , and applied to the Sides , Stitch , wind , Itch , Leprosie , Fistulaes , Apos●ums , Frecles , takes away the pains of Stitches and Wind in the Sides or Belly . A pultis made of the Meal of Oats , and som Oyl of Bays put therto , helpeth the Itch , and the Leprosie , as also the Fistulaes of the Fundament , and dissolveth hard Imposthumes . The Meal of Oates boyled with Vinegar and applied , taketh away Freckles and Spots in the Face , or other parts of the Body .

One-Blade .

Descript. ] THis smal Plant never beareth more than one Leaf , but only when it riseth up with his stalk , which theron beareth another , and seldom more , which are of a blewish green colour , pointed , with many ribs , or veins therin , like Plantane : At the top of the stalk , grow many smal whit Flowers , star-fashion , smelling somwhat sweet ; after which come smal reddish Berries when they are ripe . The Root is smal of the bigness of a Rush , lying and creeping under the upper crust of the Earth , shooting forth in d●v●es places .

Place . ] It groweth in moist , shadowy , and grassy places of Woods , in many places of this Land .

Time . ] It flowreth about May , and the Berries be ripe in June , and then quickly perisheth until the next year , it springeth from the same Root again .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a precious Herb of the Sun. Half a dram , or a dram at most in pouder of the Roots hereof taken in Wine and Vinegar , Pestilence , Poyson , Epidemical diseases Wounds , Sinews Cut . of each equal parts , and the party laid presently to sweat thereupon , is held to be a sovereign Remedy for those that are infected with the Plague , and have a Sore upon them , by expelling the Poyson and Infection , and defending the Heart and Spirits from danger . It is a singular good Wound herb , and is thereupon used with other the like effects in making Compound-Balms for the Curing of Wounds , be they fresh and green , or old and malignant , and especially if the Sinews be hurt .

Orchis .

IT hath gotten almost as many several Names attributed to the several sorts of it , as would almost fill a sheet of Paper ; as , Dogs-stones , Goats-stones , Fools-stones , Fox-stones , Satirian , Cullians , together with many others , too tedious to rehears .

Descript. ] To describe all the several sorts of it were an endless piece of work ; therfore I shal only describe the Roots because they are to be used with some discretion : They have each of them a double Root within , some of them is round , in others like a hand ; these Roots alter every year by course , when the one riseth and waxeth full , the other waxeth lank and perisheth : Now it is that which is full which is to be used in Medicine , the other being either of no use at all , or else according to the humor of some , it destroyes and dissanul the Vertue of the other , quite undoing what that doth .

Time . ] One or other of them may be found in Flower , from the beginning of April , to the latter end of August .

Government and Vertues . ] They are hot and moist in opperation , under the Dominion of Dame Venus , and provoke Lust exceedingly , Lust provoketh Worms Kings-Evil . which they say the dry or withered Root restrains again ; they are held to kill the Worms in Children : as also being bruised and applied to the place , to help the Kings-evil .

Onions .

THese are so well known that I need not spend time about writing a Description of them .

Government and vertues . ] Mars owns them , and they have gotten this quality , to draw any corruption to them , for if you pill one and lay him upon a Dunghil , you shal find him rotten in half a day , by drawing putrifaction to it , then being bruised and applied to a Plague-Sore 't is very probable 't will do the like .

Onions are Flatulent or Windy , yet they do somwhat provoke appetite , encrease thirst , ease the Belly and Bowels ; provoke Womens Courses , help the biting of a mad Dog , Mad Dogs Worms , Cough , Lethargy , Epidemical diseases . and of other venemous Creatures , to be used with Honey and Rue , and encreaseth Sperm , especially the seed of them : They also kill the Worms in Children if they drink the water fasting wherein they have been steeped all night . Being roasted under the Embers and eaten with Honey , or Sugar and Oyl they much conduce to help an inveterate Cough , and expectorate the tough Flegm . The Juyce being snuffed up into the Nostrils , purgeth the Head and helpeth the Lethargy ( ●et the often eating of them is said to procure pains in the Head ) It hath been held by diverse Country people a good preservative against infection to eat Onions fasting with Bread and Salt : as also to make a great Onion hollow , filling the place with good Triacle , and after to roast it well under the Embers , which after taking away of the outermost skin thereof , being beaten together , is a Soveraign Salve for either Plague-Sore , or any other putrid Ulcer . The Juyce of Onions is good for either scalding , or burning by fire , water , or Gunpouder , and used with Vinegar , taketh away all blemishes , Spots , and Marks in the Skin , and dropped into the Ears , easeth the pains and noise of them . Applied also with Figs beaten together , helpeth to ripen and break Impostumes and other Sores .

Lecks are as like them in quality as a Pomewater is like an Apple : They are a Remedy ag●inst a Surfeit of Mushroms , being baked under the Embers and taken ; and being boyled and applied warm helpeth the Piles ; In other things they have the same property as the Onions , although not so effectual .

Orpine .

Descript. ] COmmon Orpine riseth up with diverse round brittle Stalks , thick set with fat and fl●shly Leavs without any order , and little or nothing dented about the edges , of a pale green colour ; The Flowers are white or whitish growing in tufts , after which come small chaffy Husks , with seed like dust in them . The Roots are diverse thick , round , white , tuberous clogs ; and the Plant groweth not so big in some places as in others where it is found .

Place . ] It is frequent almost in every Country of this Land , and is cherished in Gardens with us , where it groweth greater than that which is wild , and groweth in the shadowy sides of Fields and Woods .

Time . ] It Flowreth about July , and the Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] The Moon owns the Herb , and he that knows but her Exaltation , knows what I say is true .

Orpine is seldome used in inward Medicines with us , although Tragus sai●h from experience in Germany that the distilled water thereof is profitable for gnawings or excoriations in the Stomach or Bowels , Excoriation of Bowels , Ptisick Womb , Bloody Flux , Wounds and for Ulcers in the Lungs , Liver , or other inward parts , as also in the Matrix , and helpeth all those Diseases , being drunk for certain daies together : And that it stayeth the sharpness of Humors in the Bloody Flux , Inflamation , Scalding , Burnings , Quinsie , Ruptures . and other Fluxes in the Body , or in Wounds : The Root thereof also performeth the same effect . It is used outwardly to cool any heat or inflamation upon any Hurt or Wound and easeth the pains of them : as also to heal Scaldings or Burnings : The juyce thereof beaten with some green Sallet Oyl , and anointed . the Leaf also bruised and laid to any green Wound in the Hands or Legs , doth heal them quickly ; and being bound to the Throat , much helpeth the Quinsie , it helpeth also Ruptures and Burstinesse .

If you please to make the Juyce thereof into a Syrup with Honey or Sugar , you may safely take a spoonfull or two at a time ( let my Author say what he will ) for a Quinsie , and you shall find the Medicine more pleasant , and the Cure more speedy , than if you took a Dogs-turd which is the Learned Colledges vulgar Cure .

Parsley .

THis is so well known that it needs no Description .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mercury , Stomach , Disury , Terms provokes , Liver , Spleen , falling-sickness , Stone , Wind , Venemous Beasts , Cough , Sucking Children , Eyes , Womens Breasts , Curdled Milk , Black and Blue marks Jaundice , Falling-sicknesse , Dropsie . and is very comfortable to the Stomach , and helpeth to provok to Urine and Womens Courses , and to break wind both in the Stomach and Bowels , and doth a little open the Body , but the Root much more , and openeth Obstructions both of the Liver and Spleen , and is therefore accounted one of the five opening Roots ; Galen commendeth it against the Falling sicknesse , and to provoke Urine mightily , especially if the Roots be boyled and eaten like Parsnips . The Seed is effectuall to provoke Urine and Womens Courses , to expell wind , to break the Stone , and case the pains and torments thereof , or of any other part in the Body occasioned by Wind . It is also effectuall against the Venom of any poysonfull Creature , and the danger that cometh to them that have taken Litharge , and is good against the Cough . The distilled water of Parsley is a familiar Medicine with Nurses to give their Children when they are troubled with wind in the Stomach or Belly , which they call the frets , and is also much available to them that are of greater years . The Leavs of Parsley laid to the eyes that are inflamed with heat or swoln , doth much help them , if it be used with Bread or Meal ; and being fryed with Butter and applied to Womens Breasts that are hard through the curdling of their Milk , it abateth the hardness quickly , and also it taketh away black and blue marks coming of Bruises or Falls . The Juyce thereof dropped into the Ears with a little Wine easeth the pains ; Tragus setteth down an excellent Medicine to help the Jaundice and Falling-sicknesse , the Dropsie , and Stone in the Kidneys , in this manner : Take of the Seeds of Parsley , Fennill , Annis , and Caraways , of each an ounce ; of the Roots of Parsley , Burnet , Saxifrage , and Carawayes of each one ounce and an half , let the Seeds be bruised , and the Roots washed and cut smal : Let them lie all night in steep in a pottle of white Wine , and in the morning be boyled in a close earthen Vessel until a third part or more be wasted , which being strained and cleared : take four ounces thereof morning and evening first and last abstaining from drink after it for three hours : This openeth Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , Obstructions of Liver & spleen and expelleth the Dropsie and Jaundice by Urine .

Parsley-Piert , or Parsley Break-Stone .

Descript. ] THe Root although it be very smal and thriddy yet it continues many years , from whence arise many Leavs lying along upon the ground , each standing upon a long smal foot Stalk , the Leavs as broad as a mans Nail , very deeply indented on the edges , somewhat like a Parsly Leaf , but of a very dusky green colour , the Stalks are very weak and slender , about three or four fingers in length , set so full of Leavs that they can hardly be seen , either having no foot Stalk at all , or but very short , the Flowers are so small they can hardly be seen , and the Seed as small as small may be .

Place . ] It s a common Herb throughout the Nation , and rejoiceth in barren , sandy moist places ; it may be found plentifully about Hempsted-Heath in Hidepark , and in Tuttle fields .

Time . ] It may be found all the Summer time , even from the beginning of April to the end of October .

Government and Vertues . ] Its operation is very prevalent to provoke Urine , Urine provoketh Stone . and to break the Stone ; it is a very good Sallet Herb : It were good the Gentry would pick it up as they pick up Sampire for their use all the Winter ; I cannot teach them how to do it , yet this I can tell them , it is a very wholesome Herb : they may also keep the Herb dry , or in a Syrup , if they please ; Gravil in the Kidneys Strangury . you may take a dram of the Pouder of it in White Wine , it would bring away gravill from the Kidneys incensibly and without pain ; It also helps the Strangury .

Parsnip .

THe Garden kind thereof is so well known ( the Root being commonly eaten ) that I shal not trouble you with any Description of it . But the wilde kind being of more Physical use , I shall in this place describe unto you .

Descript. ] The wilde Parsnip differeth little from the Garden kind , but groweth not so fair and large , nor hath so many Leavs ; and the Root is shorter , more woody and not so fit to be eaten , and therefore the more Medicinable .

Place . ] The name of the first sheweth the place of its growth .

The other groweth wild in diverse places , as in the Marshes by Rochester and elswhere , and flowreth in July ; the Seed being ripe about the beginning of August , the second year after the sowing ; for if they do flower the first year , the Country people call them Madneps .

Government and Vertues . ] The Garden Parsnips are under Venus . The Garden Parsnip nourisheth much , Lust provokes , Disury , Clense , Open , Venemous Beasts , Chollick , Disury . and is good and wholesome Nourishment , but a little windy , whereby it is thought to procure bodily lust : but it fatneth the Body much if much used , It is conducible to the Stomach and Reins , and provoketh Urine . But the wild Parsnip hath a cutting , attenuating , clensing and opening quality therein : It resisteth and helpeth the bitings of Serpents , easeth pains and Stitches in the sides , and dissolveth wind both in the Stomach and Bowels , which is the Chollick , and provoketh Urine . The Root is often used , but the Seed much more .

The wilde being better then the tame shews Dame Nature to be the best Physitian .

Cow-Parsnep .

Descript. ] THis groweth with three or four large , spread , winged , rough , Leavs , lying often on the Ground , or else raised a little from it , with long , round , hairy footstalks under them , parted usually into five divisions , the two couples standing each against other , and one at the end , and each Leaf being almost round , yet somewhat deeply cut in on the edges , in some Leavs , and not so deep in others of a whitish green colour , smelling somewhat strongly : among which ariseth up a round crested hairy Stalk two or three foot high with a few Joynts and Leavs thereon , and branched at the top , where stand large Umbels of white , and sometimes reddish Flowers , and after them , flat , whitish , thin winged Seed , two alwayes joyned together . The Root is long and white with two or three long strings growing down into the ground , smelling likewise strongly , and unpleasant .

Place . ] It groweth in moist Meadows , and the borders and corners of Fields , and near Ditches , generally through this Land .

Time . ] It Flowreth in July , and Seedeth in August .

Government and Vertues . ] Mercury hath the dominion over them . The Seed hereof as Galen saith is of a sharp and cutting quality , and is therefore a fit Medicine for the Cough and shortnesse of Breath , Cough , Difficulty of breath , Fallingsickness Jaundice , Fistula , Phlegm , Liver , Mother , Lethargy , Frenzy , Headach , Scabs , Shingles . the Falling-sicknesse and the Jaundice . The Root is available to all the purposes aforesaid , and is also of great use to take away the hard skin that groweth on a Fistula , if it be but scraped upon it . The Seed hereof being drunk clenseth the belly from tough Phlegmatick matter therin , easeth them that are Liver-grown , and Womens passions of the Mother , as wel being drunk as the smoke therof received underneath , and likewise raiseth such as are fallen into a deep sleep , or have the Lethargy by burning it under their Nose : The Seed & Root boyled in oyl , and the Head rubbed therwith helpeth not onely those that are fallen into a Frenzy , but also the Lethargy or Drowsie evil , and those that have been long troubled with the Headach , if it be likewise used with Rue : It helpeth also the running Scab and the Shingles : The Juyce of the Flowers dropped into the Ears that run and are full of matter , it cleanseth and healeth them .

The Peach-tree .

Deseript . ] A Peach-tree groweth not so great as the Apricock-tree , yet spreadeth Branches reasonable well , from whence spring smaller reddish twigs , whereon are set long and narrow green Leavs dented about the edges . The blossomes are greater than the Plum , and of a light Purple colour . The fruit round , and sometimes as big as a reasonable Pippin , others are smaller , as also differing in colours and tasts , as russet , red , or yellow , waterish or firm , with a frieze or Cotton all over , with a cleft therein like an Apricock , and a rugged furrowed great Stone within it , and a bitter Kernell within the Stone : It sooner waxeth old , and decayeth than the Apricock , by much .

Place . ] They are nursed up in Gardens and Orchards through this Land .

Time . ] Tney Flower in the Spring , and fructifie in Autumn .

Government and Vertues . ] Lady Venus owns this Tree , and by it opposeth the ill-effects of Mars , and indeed for Children and young people , nothing is better to purge Choller , and the Jaundice , than the Leavs and Flowers of this Tree , being made into a Syrup or Conserve , let such as delight to please their lust regard the Fruit , but such as love their health and their Childrens , let them regard what I say , they may safely give two spoonfuls of the Syrup at a time , 't is as gentle as Venus her self . The Leavs of Peaches bruised and laid on the Belly killeth Worms ; and so they do also being boyled in Ale and drunk , Worms , Open , Humors , Wounds . and open the Belly likewise ; and being dried is a safe Medicine to discusse Humors . The Pouder of them strewed upon fresh bleeding Wounds , stayeth their bleeding , and closeth them up . The Flowers steeped all night in a little Wine standing warm , strained forth in the morning and drunk fasting , doth gently open the Belly , and move it downwards : A Syrup made of them as the Syrup of Roses is made worketh more forcibly then that of Roses , for it provoketh Vomiting , and and spendeth waterish and Hydropick Humors by the continuance thereof . The Flowers made into a Conserve worketh the same effect . The Liquor that droppeth from the Tree being wounded , is given in the Decoction of Coltsfoot , Dropsie , Cough , shortness of Breath , Vomiting and spitting of Bloud , Stone , Wind , Chollick . to those that are troubled with the Cough or shortnesse of Breath , by adding thereto some sweet Wine and putting some Saffron also therein , it is good for those that are hoarce or have lost their voice ; helpeth all defects of the Lungs , and those that vomite or spit blood . Two drams thereof given in the Juyce of Lemmons or of Radish , is good for them that are troubled with the Stone . The Kernels of the Stones do wonderfully ease the pains and wringings of the Belly through wind or sharp Humors , and help to make an excellent Medicine for the Stone upon all occasions , on this manne● ; Take fifty Kernels of Peach Stones , and one hundred of the Kernels of Cherry Stones , a handful of Elder Flowers , Fresh or dried , and three pints of Muscadine , set them in a closed pot into a bed of Horse dung for ten dayes , which after distill in Glass with a gentle fire , and keep it for your use ; you may drink upon occasion three or four ounces at a time . The Milk or Cream of these Kernels being drawn forth with some Vervain Water , and applied to the Forehead and Temples , doth much help to procure rest and sleep to sick persons wanting it . Watching , Ears , Baldness . The Oyl drawn from the Kernels , the Temples being therwith anointed doth the like : The said Oyl put into Clysters easeth the pains of the wind Chollick , and anointed on the lower part of the Belly doth the like , and dropped into the Ears easeth the pains of them : the juyce of the Leavs doth the like . Being also anointed on the Forehead and Temples , it helpeth the Megrim and al other pains in the Head . If the Kernels be bruised and boyled in Vinegar until they become thick , and applied to the Head , it marvelously procure the Hair to grow again upon bald places , or where it is too thin .

The Pear-tree .

PEar-trees are so wel known that they need no Description .

Government and Vertues . ] The Tree belongs to Venus , and so doth the Apple-tree . For their Physical use they are best discerned by their tasts . Al the sweet or lucious sorts whether manured or wild , do help to move the Belly downward more or less : Those that are harsh and sowr do on the contrary bind the Belly as much ; and the Leavs do so also . Those that are moist do in some sort cool , but harsh or wild sorts much more , and are very good in repelling Medicines : as if the wild sorts be boyled with Mushroms , Mushroms Stomach , Inflamations , Cool , Bind , Wounds . it maketh them the less dangerous . The said Pears boyled with a little Honey , helpeth much the oppressed Stomach , as al sorts of them do , some more , some less ; but the harsher sorts do most cool and bind , serving wel to be bound to green wounds to cool and stay the Blood , and heal up the Wound without further trouble or Inflamation , as Galen saith he hath found by experience . And wild Pears do sooner close up the Lips of green Wounds than the others .

Schola Salerni adviseth to drink much Wine after Pears , or els ( they say ) they are as bad as Poyson , nay , and they curse the Tree for it too : but if a poor man find his Stomach oppressed by eating Pears , 't is but working hard and it wil do as wel as drinking Wine .

Pellitory of Spain .

COmmon Pellitory of Spain , if it be planted in our Gardens , it wil prosper very wel , yet is there one sort growing ordinary here wild which I esteem to be little inferior to the other , if at al. I shal not deny you the Descriptions of them both .

Descript. ] Common Pellitory is a very common Plant , and wil not be kept in our Gardens without diligent looking to . The Root goes down right into the ground , bearing Leavs being long and finely cut upon the Stalks lying upon the ground , much larger than the Leavs of Chamomel are : At the top it bears one single large Flower at a place , having a border of many Leavs white on the uper side , and reddish underneath , with a yellow thrum in the middle , not standing so close as that of Chamomel doth .

The other common Pellitory which groweth here , it hath a Root of a sharp biting tast , scarce discernable by the tast from that before described ; from whence ariseth divers brittle stalks , a yard high and more , with narrow long Leavs finely dented about the edges , standing one above another up to the top : The Flowers are many and white , standing in Tufts like those of Yarrow , with a smal yellowish thrum in the middle : The Seed is very smal .

Place . ] The last groweth in Fields by the Hedg sides and Paths , almost every where .

Time . ] It Flowreth at the latter end of June and July .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Government of Mercury , and I am perswaded that 't is one of the best purgers of the Brain that grows : Brain purgeth , Agues , flegmatick humors , Head , Teeth , distillations of the brain on the Lungs & Eyes , Coughs , ptisicks Consumptions , Apoplexy , falling-sickness , Lethargie , sneezing , Headach , black and blue spots , Gout , Sciatica . An ounce of the Juyce taken in a draught of Muskadel an hour before the fit of an Ague comes , wil assuredly drive away the Ague at the second or third time taking at the furthest . Either the Herb or Root dried and chewed in the Mouth , purgeth the Brain of flegmatick Humors , therby not only easing pains in the Head and Teeth , but also hindering the distilling of the Brain upon the Lungs and Eyes , therby preventing Coughs , Phtisicks , and Consumptions , the Apoplexy , and Falling-sickness : It is an excellent approved Remedy in the Lethargy : the Pouder of the Herb or Root being snuffed up the Nostrils procureth sneezing , and easeth the Headach , being made into an Oyntment with Hogs Grease , it takes away black and blue spots occasioned by blows or fals , and helps both the Gout and Sciatica .

Pellitory of the Wall .

Descript. ] IT riseth up with many brownish , red , tender and weak , clear , and almost transparent stalks about two foot high , upon which grow at the several Joynts , two Leavs somwhat broad and long , of a dark green color , which afterwards turn brownish , smooth on the edges , but rough and hairy as the Stalks are also : At the Joynts with the Leavs from the middle of the Stalks upwards , where it spreadeth into some Branches , stand many smal , pale , purplish Flowers , in hairy rough Heads or Husks : after which come smal black and rough Seed , which wil stick to any cloth or Garment that shal touch it . The Root is somwhat long , with many smal Fibres thereat , of a dark reddish color , which abideth the winter , although the stalks and leavs perish and spring fresh every yeer .

Place . ] It g●oweth wild generally through this Land , about the borders of Fields , and by the sides of Wals , and among Rubbish ; It wil endure wel being brought into Gardens , and planted on the shady side , where it wil spring of its own sowing .

Time . ] It flowereth in June and July , and the Seed is ripe soon after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mercury . The dried Herb Pellitory made up into an Electuary with Honey , or the Juyce of the Herb , Old or dry Cough , shortness of breath , Stone and Gravel , Mother , Womens , Courses , Obstructions , Sore Throat , Teeth , Freckles , Wheals , Sunburn , Morphew , Pain in the Ears , Impostums Burnings and scaldings , Inflamations , Ulcers , Scabs , Falling of the Hair , Piles , Gout , Fistulaes , Green Wounds , Bruised Tendon or Muscle . or the Decoction thereof made up with Sugar or Honey , is a singular remedy for any old or dry Cough , the shortness of breath , and Wheesing in the Throat . Three ounces of the Juyce therof taken at a time , doth wonderfully help stopping of the Urin , and to expel the Stone or Gravel in the Kidneys or Bladder , and is therfore usually put among other Herbs , used in Clysters to mitigate pains in the Back , Sides , or Bowels proceeding of wind , stopping of Urin , the Gravel or Stone as aforesaid . If the bruised Herb sprinkled with some Muskadine be warmed upon a tile , or in a dish upon a few quick Coals in a Chafing-dish , and applied to the Belly , it worketh the same effect . The Decoction of the Herb being drunk , easeth pains of the Mother , and bringeth down Womens Courses ; it also easeth those Griefs that arise from Obstructions of the Liver , Spleen , and Reins : The same Decoction with a little Honey added thereto is good to gargle a sore Throat . The juyce held a while in the Mouth , easeth pains in the Teeth . The distilled Water of the Herb drunk with some Sugar worketh the same effects ; and clenseth the Skin from Spots , Freckles , Purples , Wheals , Sunburn , Morphew , &c. The juyce dropped into the Ears , easeth the noise in them , and taketh away the pricking and shooting pains therin : The same or the distilled Water , asswageth hot and swelling Imposthumes , Burnings and scaldings by fire or Water , as also al other hot Tumors and Inflamations , or breakings out of heat , being bathed often with wet Cloathes dipped therin . The said juyce made into a Liniment with Ceruss and Oyl of Roses and anointed therwith , clenseth foul rotten Ulcers , and stayeth spreading or creeping Ulcers , and running Scabs or Sores in Childrens Heads : and helpeth to stay falling of the Hair from off the Head . The said Oyntment , or the Herb applied to the Fundament openeth the Piles and easeth their pains ; & being mixed with Goats Tallow helpeth the Gout . The juyce is very effectual to clense Fistulaes , and to heal them up safely ; or the Herb it self bruised , and applied with a little Salt . It is likewise so effectual to heal any green Wound , that if it be bruised and bound thereto for three daies , you shal need no other Medicine to heal it further . A Pultiss made hereof with Mallows , and boyled in Wine with Wheat Bran , and Bean Flower , and some Oyl put thereto , and applied Warm to any bruised Sinew , Tendon , or Muscle , doth in a very short time restore them to their strength , taking away the pains of the Bruises ; and dissolveth the congealed Blood coming of Blows or Fals from high places .

The Juyce of Pellitory of the Wall clarified and boyled into a Syrup with Honey , and a spoonful of it drunk every morning by such as are subject to the Dropsie ; if continuing that course though but once a week , if ever they have the Dropsie , let them come but to me , and I wil cure them gratis .

Peny-royal .

PEny-royal is so wel known unto al ( I mean the common kind ) that it needeth no Description .

There is a greater kind than the ordinary sort found wild with us , which so abideth being brought into Gardens , and differeth not from it but only in the largeness of the Leavs and Stalks , in rising higher , and not creeping upon the ground so much . The Flowers wherof are purple , growing in Rundles about the Stalk like the other .

Place . ] The first which is common in Gardens , groweth also in many moist and watery places of this Land .

The second is found wild in Essex in divers places by the High-way from London to Colechester , and thereabouts more abundantly than in other Countries , and is also planted in their Gardens in Essex .

Time . ] They Flower in the latter end of Summer , about August .

Government and Vertues . ] The Herb is under Venus . Dioscorides saith , That Peny-royal maketh thin tough flegm , warmeth the coldness of any part whereto it is applied , Tough flegm , terms provokes dead Child and Afterbirth , Vomiting , Melancholly , Venemous Beasts , Fainting and Swouning , Gums , Gout , Marks in the Face , toothach , Pains in the Joynts , Headach , pains of the Belly and Breast , falling-sickness , stinking Water , Cramps and Convulsions , Sore Mouth , Jaundice , Dropsie , pains of the Head and Eye-sight , Lethargie , burnings . and digesteth raw or corrupt matter : Being boyled and drunk , it provoketh Womens Courses , and expelleth the dead Child and Afterbirth , and staveth the disposition to Vomit , being taken in Water and Vinegar mingled together . And being mingled with Honey and Salt it avoideth Flegm out of the Lungs , and purgeth Melancholly by the Stool . Drunk with Wine it helpeth such as are bitten or stung with Venemous Beasts : and applied to the Nostrils with Vinegar , reviveth those that are fainting and swouning . Being dried and burnt , it strengthneth the Gums : It is helpful to those that are troubled with the Gout , being applied of it self to the place until it wax red ; and applied in a Plaister , it taketh away spots or marks in the Face : Applied with Salt , it profiteth those that are Splenetick or Liver-grown . The Decoction doth help the Itch , if washed therewith : Being put into Baths for Women to sit therein , it helpeth the swelling and hardness of the Mother . The green Herb bruised and put into Vinegar clenseth foul Ulcers , and taketh away the marks of bruises and blows about the Eyes , and al discolorings of the Face by fire , yea , and the Leprosie , being drunk and outwardly applied : Boyled in Wine with Honey and Salt , it helpeth the Toothach . It helpeth the cold griefs of the Joynts , taking away the pains , and warming the cold parts , being fast bound to the place after a bathing , or sweating in an Hot-house . Pliny addeth , That Peny-royal and Mints together helps faintings or swounings , being put into Vinegar , and put to the Nostrils to be smelled unto , or a little thereof put into the Mouth . It easeth the Head-ach , and the pains of the Breast and Belly , stayeth the gnawing of the Stomach , and inward pains of the Bowels : Being drunk in Wine it provoketh Womens Courses , and expelleth the dead Child and Afterbirth : Being given in Wine it helpeth the Falling-sickness : Put into unwholsom or stinking Water that men must drink ( as at Sea , and where other cannot be had ) it maketh them the less hurtful : It helpeth Cramps or Convulsions of the Sinews being applied with Honey , Salt , and Vinegar . It is very effectual for the Cough , being boyled in Milk and drunk , and for Ulcers and Sores in the Mouth . Mathiolus saith , The Decoction thereof being drunk , helpeth the Jaundice and Dropsie , and al pains of the Head and Sinews that come of a cold cause , and that it helpeth to cleer and quicken the Eye-sight . Applied to the Nostrils of those that have the Falling-sickness , or the Lethargy , or put into the Mouth , it helpeth them much , being bruised and with Vinegar applied . And applied with Barley Meal , it helpeth burnings by fire , and put into the Ears , easeth the pains of them .

Peony , Masc . & Foemina .

Descript. ] MAle Peony riseth up with many brownish Stalks , whereon grow many fair green , and somtimes reddish Leavs , one set against another upon a Stalk without any particular division in the Leaf at all . The Flowers stand at the tops of the Stalks , consisting of five or six broad Leavs , of a fair purplish red color , with many yellow threds in the middle standing about the Head , which after riseth to be the Seed Vessels , divided into two , three , or four rough crooked Pods like Horns , which being ful ripe , open and turn themselvs down one edg to another backward , shewing within them divers round , black , shining seed , having also many red or crimson grains , intermixed with the black , whereby it maketh a very pretty shew . The Roots are great , thick , and long , spreading and running down reasonable deep in the ground .

The ordinary Female Peony hath many stalks , and more Leavs on them than the Male ; the Leavs not so large , but nicked diversly on the edges , some with great and deep , others with smaller cuts and divisions , of a dark or dead green colo● . The flowers are of a strong heady scent , most usually smaller and of a more purple color than the Male , with yellow thrums about the Head as the Male hath . The Seed Vessels are like Horns as in the Male , but smaller ; the Seed also is black , but less shining . The Roots consist of many thick and short tuberous clogs , fastned at the ends of long strings , and all from the head of the Root which is thick and short , and of the like scent with the Male .

Place and Time . ] They grow in Gardens ; and flower usually about May .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of the Sun , and under the Lyon : Physitians say Male Peony Roots are best , but Dr. Reason told me , Male Peony was best for Men , and Female Peony for Women ; and he desires to be jugged by his Brother Dr. Experience . The Roots are held to be of most Vertue ; then the Seeds , next the Flowers , and last of al the Leavs . The Root of the Male Peony fresh gathered , hath been found by experience to cure the Falling-sickness ; but the surest way is ( besides hanging it about the Neck , Falling-sickness , women not clensed in Child-birth , Mother , Ephialtes , or the Night-Mare , Melanchollick Dreams . by which Children have been cured ) to take the Root of the Male Peony washed clean and stamped somwhat smal , and lay to infuse in Sack for twenty four hours at the least , after strain it , and take it first and last , morning and evening a good draught for sundry daies together before and after a full Moon , and this wil also cure older persons , if the Diseas be not grown too old and past cure , especially if there be a due and orderly preparation of the Body , with Posset-drink made of Betony &c. The Root is also effectual for Women that are not sufficiently clensed after Child-birth , and such as are troubled with the Mother ; for which likewise the black Seed beaten to Pouder and given in Wine , is also available . The black Seed also taken before bed-time , and in the morning , is very effectual for such as in their sleep are troubled with the Disease called Ephialtes or Incubus , but we do commonly cal it the Night-Mare , a disease which Melancholly persons are subject unto : It is also good against Melanchollick Dreams . The Distilled Water , or Syrup made of the Flowers , worketh the same effects that the Root and the Seed do , although more weakly . The Female is often used for the purposes aforesaid , by reason the Male is so scarce a Plant that it is possessed by few , and those great Lovers of Rarities in this kind .

Pepper-wort , or Dittander .

Descript. ] OUr common Pepper-wort sendeth forth somwhat long , and broad Leavs , of a light blewish green colour , finely dented about the edges , and pointed at the ends , standing upon round hard stalks , three or four foot high , spreading many branches on all sides , and having many smal whit Flowers at the tops of them , after which follow smal seed in smal Heads : The Root is slender , running much under ground , and shooting up again in many places : and both Leavs and Root , are very hot and sharp of tast like Pepper , for which cause it took the name .

Place . ] It groweth naturally in many places of this Land , as at Clare in Essex ; neer also unto Exceter in Devonshire ; upon Rochester Common in Kent ; in Lancashire , and divers other places : but is usually kept in Gardens .

Time . ] It Flowreth in the end of June , and in July .

Government and Vertues . ] Here 's another Martial Herb for you , make much of it . Pliny and Paulus Aegineta say , That Pepper-wort is very effectual for the Sciatica , Sciatica , Gout , pain in th'joynts Discolorings of the skin , Marks , & scars by burning , speedy delivery . or any other Gout , or pain in the joynts , or any other inveterate grief : The Leavs hereof to be bruised and mixed with old Hogs grease and applied to the place , and to continue thereon four hours in Men , and two hours in Women , the place being afterwards bathed with Wine and Oyl mixed together , and then wrapped with Wool or skins after they have sweat a little . It also amendeth the deformities or discolorings of the Skin , and helpeth to take away Marks , Scars , and Scabs ; or the foul marks of burning with fire or iron . The juyce hereof is in some places used to be given in Ale to drink to Women with Child , to procure them a speedy Delivery in Travel .

Perwinkle .

Descript. ] THe common sort hereof hath many branches trayling , or running upon the ground , shooting out smal fibres at the joynts as it runneth , taking therby hold in the ground , and rooteth in divers places : At the joynts of these branches stand two smal dark , green , shining Leavs , somwhat like Bay-leavs , but smaller , and with them come forth also the flowers ( one at a joynt standing upon a tender Footstalk ) being somwhat long and hollow , parted at the brims somtimes into four , somtimes into five leavs ; the most ordinary sort are of a pale blue colour , some are pure white , and some of a dark reddish purple colour . The Root is little bigger than a Rush , bushing in the ground , and creeping with his branches far about , wherby it quickly possesseth a great compass , and is therfore most usually planted under Hedges , where it may have room to run .

Place . ] Those with the pale blue , and those with the white Flowers , grow in Woods , and Orchards , by the Hedge-sides , in divers places of this Land . But those with the purple Flowers , in Gardens only .

Time . ] They Flower in March and April .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus owns this Herb , and saith , That the Leavs eaten by Man and Wife together , Stanch Bleeding , Womens Courses , Flux of the Belly . causeth Love between them . The Perwinkle is a great Binder , staying bleeding both at Mouth and Nose , if some of the Leavs be chewed : The French use it to stay Womens Courses . Dioscorides , Galen , and Aegineta commend it against the Lask , and Fluxes of the Belly , to be drunk in Wine .

St. Peters-wort .

IF Superstition had not been the Father of Tradition , as wel as Ignorance the Mother of Devotion , this Herb ( as wel as St. Johns-wort ) had found some other name to be known by : but we may say of our Fore-fathers , as St. Paul of the Athenians , I perceive that in many things you are too superstitious : Yet seeing it is come to pass , That Custom having gotten possession , pleads Prescription for the name ; I shal let it pass , and come to the Description of the Herb , which take as followeth :

Descript. ] It riseth up with square upright stalks for the most part , somewhat greater and higher than St. Johns-wort ( and good reason too , St. Peter being the greater Apostle ( ask the Pope else ) for though God would have the Saints equal , the Pope is of another Opinion ) but brown in the same manner , having two Leavs at every joynt , somwhat like , but larger than St. Johns-wort , and a little rounder pointed with few or no holes to be seen therin , and having somtimes some smaller Leavs rising from the bosom of the greater , and somtimes a little hairy also : At the tops of the stalks stand many star-like Flowers , with yellow thrids in the middle very like those of St. Johns-wort , insomuch that this is hardly discerned from it , but only by the largness and height , the seed being also alike in both . The Root abideth long , sending forth new shoots every year .

Place . ] It groweth in many Groves and smal low Woods , in divers places of this Land , as in Kent , Huntington , Cambridg , and Northampton-shires , as also neer water Courses in other places .

Time . ] It Flowreth in June and July , and the Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] There is not a straw to chuse between this and St. Johns-wort , only St. Peter must have it , lest he should lack Pot-herbs . It is of the same property with St. Johns-wort , but somwhat weak , Chollerick Humors , Sciatica , Burnings . and therfore more seldom used . Two drams of the Seed taken at a time in honeyed water , purgeth Chollerick Humors ( as saith Dioscorides , Pliny , and Galen ) and therby helpeth those that are troubled with the Sciatica : The Leavs are used as St. Johns-wort , to help those places of the Body that have been burnt with fire .

Pimpernel .

Descript. ] COmmon Pimpernel hath divers weak square stalks lying on the ground , beset al along with two smal , and almost round Leavs at every Joynt , one against another , very like Chickweed , but hath no Footstalks , for the Leavs do as it were compass the Stalk : The Flowers stand singly each by themselves at them and the Stalks , consisting of five round smal pointed Leavs of a fine pale red color , tending to an Orange , with so many threds in the middle , in whose places succeed smooth round Heads , wherein is contained smal Seed . The Root is smal and fibrous , perishing every yeer .

Place . ] It groweth every where almost , as wel in the Meadows and Corn-fields , as by the way sides and in Gardens arising of it self .

Time . ] It flowreth from May unto August , and the Seed ripeneth in the mean time , and falleth .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a gallant Solar Herb . This is of a clensing and attractive quality , whereby it draweth forth Thorns or Splinters , Thorns or splinters , purgeth the Head , Wounds & Ulcers , clenseth Face , Plague & Pestilential Feavers , Venemous Beasts , Mad Dogs biting , Obstructions , Urin , stone and gravel , Wounds and Ulcers , Clouds or mists in the Eyes , Toothach , Hemorrhoids . or other such like things gotten into the Flesh , and put up into the Nostrils purgeth the Head ; and Galen saith also they have a drying faculity , whereby they are good to soder the Lips of Wounds , and to clense soul Ulcers . The distilled Water or Juyce is much esteemed by French Dames to clense the Skin from any roughness , deformity , or discoloring therof : Being boyled in Wine , and given to drink , it is a good Remedy against the Plague , and other Pestilential Feavers , if the Party after taking it warm lie in his bed and sweat for two hours after , and use the same twice at least . It helpeth also al stingings and bitings of Venemous Beasts or Mad Dogs , being used inwardly , and applied outwardly : The same also openeth the Obstructions of the Liver , and is very available against the Infirmities of the Reins , it provoketh Urine , and helpeth to expel the Stone and Gravel out of the Kidneys and Bladder , and helpeth much in al inward Wounds and Ulcers . The Decoction or distilled Water is no less effectual to be applied to al Wounds that are fresh and green , or old filthy fretting and running Ulcers , which it very effectually cureth in short spaces . A little Honey mixed with the Juyce , and dropped into the Eyes , clenseth them from cloudy mists , or thick films which grow over them and hinder the sight : It helpeth the Toothach being dropped into the Ear on the contrary side of the pain . It is also effectual to eas the pains of the Hemorrhoids or Piles .

Ground Pine , or Chamepitys .

Descript. ] OUr common Ground-Pine groweth low , seldom rising above an handbreadth high , shooting forth divers smal Branches , set with slender smal long narrow grayish or whitish Leavs somwhat hairy ; and divided into three parts many times many bushing together at a Joynt , and somtimes some growing scatteredly upon the stalks , smelling somwhat strong like unto Rozin ; the Flowers are somwhat smal and of a pale yellow color growing from the Joynts of the Stalks all along among the Leavs , after which come smal , long , and round Husks : The Root is smal and woody , perishing every yeer .

Place . ] It groweth more plentifully in Kent than in any other Country of this Land ; as namely , in many places from on this side Dartford , along to Southfleet , Cotham , and Rochester , and upon Chattam Down hard by the Beacon , and half a mile from Rochester in a Field nigh a House called Selsey .

Time . ] It Flowreth and giveth Seed in the Summer Months .

Government and Vertues . ] Mars owns the Herb . The Decoction of Ground-Pine drunk , doth wonderfully prevail against the strangury , Strangury , Obstructions , Mother , Womens Courses , Dead Child and Afterbirth or any inward pains arising from the Diseases of the Reins and Urine , and is especial good for al Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , and gently openerh the Body , for which purpose they were wont in former times to make Pils with the Pouder thereof , and the purple Figs. It mervelously helpeth al the Diseases of the Mother used inwardly , or applied outwardly , procuring Womens Courses , and expelling the dead Child and After-birth , yea , it is so powerful upon those Feminine parts that it is utterly forbidden to Women with Child , in that it will cause abortment or delivery before the time : It is as effect●all also in all pains and Diseases of the Joynts , as Gouts , Cramps , Palseys , Gouts , Cramps , Palseys , Sciatica , Aches , &c. Dropsie , poyson of the Aconites Venemous Creatures , Cold Cough Palsie , Hard Breasts , & Hard Swellings , Ulcers & old Sores , Green Wounds . Sciatica , and Aches ; either the Decoction of the Herb in Wine taken inwardly , or applyed outwardly , or both for some time together , for which purpose the Pills made with the Pouder of Ground Pine , and of Hermodactils with Venice Turpentine are very effectual . These Pils also are speciall good for those that have the Dropsie , to be continued for some time . The same is a speciall good help for the Jaundice , and for gripping pains in the Joynts , Belly , or inward parts ; It helpeth also all Diseases of the Brain proceeding of cold and Flegmatick Humors and Distillations , as also for the Falling-sicknesse . It is an especiall Remedy for the poyson of the Aconites of all sorts , and other poysonful Herbs , as also against the stinging of any Venemous Creature : It is a good Remedy for a cold Cough especially in the beginning . For all the purposes aforesaid , the Herb being tunned up in new drink and drunk , is almost as effectuall , but far more acceptable to weak and dainty Stomachs . The Distilled Water of the Herb hath the same effects , but more weakly . The Conserve of the Flowers doth the like , which Mathiolus much commendeth against the Palsey . The green Herb or the Decoction thereof being applied , dissolveth the hardnesse of Womens Breasts , and all other hard Swellings in any other part of the Body . The green Herb also applyed , or the Juyce thereof with some Honey , not only cleanseth putrid , stinking foul and Malignant Ulcers and sores of all sorts , but healeth and sodereth up the lips of green Wounds in any part also .

Let Wowen forbear it if they be with Child , for it works violently upon the Foeminine part .

Plantane .

THis groweth so familiarly in Meadows and Fields , and by Pathways , and is so well known that it needeth no Description .

Time . ] It is in its beauty about June , and the Seed ripeneth shortly after .

Government and Vertues . ] Its true Myzaldus and others , yea almost all Astrologo-Physitians hold this to be an Herb of Mars , and they give a verisimile of a truth for it too , viz. Because it cures diseases of the Head and privities which are under the Houses of Mars , Aries , and Scorpio : All Diseasts of the Head comming of heat are caused by Mars , for Venus is made of no such hot mettle , or at least deals in inferior parts . The truth is it is under the command of Venus , and cures the head by Antipathy to Mars and the Privities by Sympathy to Venus , neither is there hardly a Martiall Disease but it cures , If I were to fortifie my Body against a Martial Disease I would do it by this Herb as soon as by any , and may do it ( it maybe ) when time shall serve .

The Juyce of Plantane clarified and drunk for diverse days together , Pains in the Guts , Distillation of Rhewm , Fluxes , and Womens Courses , spitting Blood or Bleeding at Mouth , or Nose or of Wounds , ptisick Consumption or Ulcers in the Lungs , Tertian Ague , Dropsie , and Fallingsickness , Toothach , pin and Web in the Eyes , pains in the Ears , Inflamations , Burning or Scalding , Hollow Ulcers , Cankers and sore Mouth , or privy parts , Piles , pains of the Head , Lunasie & phrensie , Biting of Serpents , or Mad Dogs , Hot Gouts , Bones out of Joynt , Worms in the Belly , or in Ulcers , Scabs & Itch , Tetters , Ringwormes shingls and fretting sores , Wounds . either of himself or in other drink prevaileth wonderfully against all torments or Excoriations in the Guts or Bowels , helpeth the distillations of Rhewm from the Head , and staieth all manner of Fluxes , even Womens Courses when they flow too abundantly ; It is good to stay spitting of Blood , and other Bleedings at the Mouth , or the making of foul or bloody water by reason of any Ulcer in the Reins or Bladder , and also slayeth the too free bleeding of Wounds . It is held an especial remedy for those that are troubled with the Ptisick , or Consumption of the Lungs , or Ulcers in the Lungs , or Coughs that come of heat . The Decoction or Pouder of the Roots or Seed , is much more binding for all the purposes aforesaid than the Leavs . Dioscorides saith , That three Roots boyled in Wine and taken helpeth the Tertian Ague , and four the Quartan Ague : But ( letting pass the numbers as Fabulous ) I conceive the Decoction of dsverse Roots may be effectuall . The Herb ( but especially the Seed ) is held to be profitable against the Dropsie , the Falling-sicknesse , the yellow Jaundice , and stoppings of the Liver and Reins . The Roots of Plantane and Pellitory of Spain beaten to Pouder and put into hollow Teeth , taketh away the pains of them : The clarified Juyce or distilled Water dropped into the Eyes cooleth the Inflamations in them , and taketh away the Pin and Web ; and dropped into the Ears easeth pains in them , and help●th and restoreth the Hearing : The same also with Juyce of Housleek is profitable against all Inflamations and breakings out in the Skin , and against Burnings or Scaldings by Fire or Water . The Juyce or Decoction made either of it self , or other things of like nature is of much use and good effect for old and hollow Ulcers that are hard to be cured , and for Cankers and sores in the Mouth or privy parts of Man or Woman ; and helpeth also the pains of the Piles in the Fundament . The Juyce mixed with Oyl of Roses , and the Temples and Forehead anointed therewith easeth the pains of the Head proceeding from heat , and helpeth Lunatick , and Phrenetick persons very much ; as also the biting of Serpents or a Mad Dog : The same also is profitably applyed to all hot Gouts in the Feet or Hands , especially in the beginning . It is also good to be applied where any Bone is out of Joynt to hinder Inflamattons , Swellings and Pains that presently rise thereupon . The Pouder of the dried Leavs taken in drink , killeth worms of the Belly , and boyled in Wine killeth Worms that breed in old and foul Ulcers . One part of Plantane Water , and two parts of the brine of pouder'd Beef boyled tegether and clarified , is a most sure Remedy to heal all spreading Scabs and Itch in the Head or Body , all manner of Tetters , Ringwormes , the Shingles , and all other running and fretting Sores . Briefly the Plantanes are singular good Wound Herbs to heal fresh or old Wounds or Sores either inward or outward .

Plums .

THese are so well known that they need no Description .

Government and Vertues . ] All Plums are under Venus , and are like Women , some better , some worse . As there is great diversity of the kinds , so is there in the operation of Plums , for some that are sweet , moisten the Stomach and make the Belly soluble ; those that are sowr quench thirst more and bind the Belly ; Open the Belly , Quench Thirst , and bind the Belly , procure Appetite , allay Choller , Cool the Stomach , Rhewm , Stone , Tetters , and Ringworms , Piles , Ulcers , Hoarsnesse , and pains in the Ears Stone and Chollick . the moist and waterish do soonest corrupt in the Stomach , but the firm do nourish more and offend lesse : The dried fruit sold by the Grocers under the name of Damask Prunes , do somewhat loosen the Belly , and being stewed are often used both in health and sicknesse , to relish the Mouth and Stomach to procure Appetite , and a little to open the Body , allay Choller , and cool the Stomach : Plum-tree Leavs boyled in Wine , is good to wash and gargle the Mouth and Throat , to dry the Flux of Rhewm comming to the Pallat , Gums , or Almonds of the Ears . The Gum of the Trees is good to break the Stone . The Gum or Leavs boyled in Vinegar and applied , killeth Tetters and Ringworms . Mathiolus saith , The Oyl pressed out of the Kernels of the Stones , as Oyl of Almonds is made , is good against the inflamed Piles , the Tumors or Swellings of Ulcers , Hoarsnesse of the voice , roughnesse of the Tongue and Throat , and likewise the pains in the Ears . And that five ounces of the said Oyl taken with one ounce of Muscadine , driveth forth the Stone , and helpeth the Chollick .

Pollipody of the Oak .

Descript. ] THis is a small Herb , consisting of nothing but Roots and Leavs : bearing neither Stalk , Flower nor Seed as it is thought . It hath three or four Leavs rising from the Root , every one singly by it self , of about a hand length , which are winged , consisting of many small narrow Leavs , cut into the middle rib standing on each side of the Stalk , large below , ond smaller up to the top , not dented or notched on the edges at all , as the Male Fern hath ; of a sad green colour , and smooth on the upper side , but on the under side somwhat rough , by reason of some yellowish spots set thereon : The Root is smaller then ones little finger lying aslope , or creeping along under the upper crust of the earth , brownish on the out side , and greenish within , of a sweetish harshness in taste , set with certain rough Knags on each side thereof , having also much Mossiness or yellow hairness upon it , and some Fibres underneath it , whereby it is nourished .

Place . ] It groweth as wel upon old rotten stumps , or trunks of Trees , as Oak , Beech , Hazel , Willow , or any other , as in the Woods under them , and upon old Mud Wals , as also in Mossie , Stony , and Gravelly places , neer unto Woods : That which groweth upon Oaks is accounted the best , but the quantity thereof is scarce sufficient for the common use .

Time . ] It being alwaies green , may be gathered for use at any time .

Government and Vertues . ] And why I pray must Pollipodium of the Oak only be used , Gentle Colledg of Physitians , can you give me but a glimps of a reason for it ? is it only because it is dearest ? wil you never leave your covetousness til your lives leave you ? The truth is , that which grows upon the Earth is best ( 't is an Herb of Saturn , and he seldom climbs Trees ) to purge Melancholly ; if the humor be otherwise , chuse your Pollipodium accordingly . Mesue ( who is called the Physitians Evangelist for the certainty of his Medicines , Drieth Humors , purgeth burnt Choller , Flegm , Melancholly Quartan Agues , spleen , Chollick , troublesom sleeps , cough shortness of breath , Wheesings , Lungs , Phtisick , Member out of joynt , Pollipus , or Disease in the Nose , Chops in the fingers or toes . and the truth of his Opinions ) saith , That it drieth up thin Humors , digesteth thick and tough , and purgeth burnt Choller , and especially tough and thick Flegm , and thin Flegm also , even from the joynts ; and is therfore good for those that are troubled with Melancholly , or Quartan Agues , especially if it be taken in Whey , or Honeyed Water , or in Barley Water , or the Broth of a Chicken with Epithimum , or with Beets and Mallows . It is also good for the hardness of the Spleen and for prickings or stitches in the sides , as also for the Chollick ; some use to put to it some Fennel Seeds , or Annis Seeds , or Ginger to correct that loathing it bringeth to the Stomach , which is more than needeth , it being a safe and gentle Medicine , fit for al persons at al seasons , which dayly experience confirmeth ; and an ounce of it may be given at a time in a Decoction , if there be not Sena , or some other strong purger put with it . A dram or two of the Pouder of the dried Roots , taken fasting in a cup of Honeyed Water , worketh gently , and for the purposes aforesaid . The distilled Water both of Roots and Leavs is much commended for the Quartan Ague , to be taken for many daies together ; as also against Melancholly , or fearful or troublesom sleeps or dreams ; and with some Sugar Candy dissolved therein , is good against the Cough , shortness of breath and Wheesings , and those distillations of thin Rhewm upon the Lungs , which cause Phtisicks , and oftentimes Consumptions . The fresh Roots beaten smal , or the Pouder of the dried Roots mixed with Honey and applied to any Member that is out of Joynt , doth much help it : Applied also to the Nose , cureth the Diseas called Polipus , which is a piece of Flesh growing therein , which in time stoppeth the passage of breath through that Nostril ; and it helpeth those clefts or Chops that come between the fingers or toes .

The Poplar-Tree .

Descript. ] THere are two sorts of Poplars which are most familiar with us , Viz . The Black , and the White , both which I shall here describe unto you .

The white Poplar groweth great and reasonable high , covered with a thick smooth white Bark , especially the Branches , having large Leavs cut into severall divisions almost like a Vine Leaf , but not of so deep a green on the upper side , and hoary white underneath , of a reasonable good scent , the whole form representing the Leaf of Coltsfoot . The Catkins which it bringeth forth before the Leavs , are long , and of a faint reddish colour , which fall away , bearing seldome good Seed with them . The Wood hereof is smooth , soft , and white , very finely waved , whereby it is much esteemed .

The black Poplar groweth higher and straiter then the White , with a grayish Bark bearing broad and green Leavs somewhat like Ivy Leaves , not cut in on the edges like the White , but whole and dented , ending in a point , and not white underneath , hanging by slender long Footsttalks , which with the Air are continually shaken like as the Aspin Leavs are : The Catkins hereof are greater then of the White , composed of many round green Berries as it were set together in a long Cluster , containing much downie matter , which being ripe is blown away with the winde : The clammy Buds hereof before they spread into Leavs , are gathered to make the Unguentum Populeon , and are of a yellowish green colour and smal , somwhat sweet , but strong . The Wood is smooth , tough and and white , and easie to be cloven : On both these Trees groweth a sweet kind of Musk , which in former times were used , to be put into sweet Oyntments .

Place . ] They grow in moist Woods and by water sides in sundry places of the Land , yet the white is not so frequent as the other .

Time . ] Their time is likewise expressed before . The Catkins coming forth before the Leavs and ripen in the end of Summer .

Government and Vertues . ] Saturn hath Dominion over both . The White Poplar , saith Galen , is of a clensing property : the weight of one ounce in Pouder of the Bark thereof being drunk saith Dioscorides is a Remedy for those that are troubled with the Sciatica , Sciatica , Strangury , pain in the Ears , Dul sight Gout , Falling-sicknesse , Warts , Pushes and Wheals , Heat , and Inflamations , dryeth Womens Milk . or the Strangury : The Juyce of the Leavs dropped warm into the Ears , easeth the pains in them : The young clammy Buds or Eyes before they break out into Leavs , bruised , and a little Honey put to them , is a good Medicine for a dull sight . The black Poplar is held to be more cooling than the White , and therefore the Leavs bruised with Vinegar and applyed , helpeth the Gout ; The Seed drunk in Vinegar is held good against the Falling-sicknesse . The Water that droppeth from the hollow places of this Tree , taketh away Warts , Pushes , Wheals . and other the like breakings out in the Body . The young black Poplar Buds , saith Mathiolus , are much used by Women to beautifie their hair , bruising them with fresh Butter , and straining them after they have been kept for some time in the Sun. The Oyntment called Populeon , which is made of this Poplar , is singular good for al Heat and Inflamation in any part of the Body , and tempereth the H●●t of Wounds : It is much used to dry up the Milk in Womens Breasts , when they have Weaned their Children .

Poppy .

OF this I shal Describe Three kinds , viz. The White and Black of the Garden ; and the Erratick , Wild Poppy , or Corn Rose .

Descript. ] The White Poppy hath at first four or five whitish green Leavs lying upon the ground , which rise with the stalk , compassing it at the bottom of them , and are very large , much cut or torn in on the edges , and dented also besides : The stalk which is usually four or five foot high , hath somtimes no branches at the top , & usually but two or three at most , bearing every one but one head , wrapped in a thin skin , which boweth down before it be ready to blow , and then rising and being broken , the flower within it spreadeth it self open , and consisteth of four very large White round Leavs , with many whitish round thrids in the middle , set about a smal , round , green head , having a crown , or star-like cover at the head thereof , which growing ripe , becometh as large as a great Aple , wherin are contained a great number of smal round seed , in several partitions or divisions next unto the shel , the middle thereof remaining hollow and empty . All the whole Plant , both Leavs , Stalks , and Heads , while they are fresh , yong , and green , yeild a Milk when they are broken , of an unpleasant bitter taste , almost ready to provoke casting , and of a strong heady smel , which being condensate , is called Opium . The Root is white , and woody , perrishing as soon as it hath given ripe seed .

The Black Poppy little differeth from the former , until it beareth his flower , which is somwhat less , and of a black purplish colour , but without any purple spots in the bottom of the Leaf . The Head of Seed is much less than the former , and openeth it self a little , round about the top , under the crown , so that the seed which is very black , wil fal out if one turn the head thereof downwards .

The Wild Poppy , or Corn Rose , hath long and narrow Leavs , very much cut in on the edges into many divisions , of a light green colour , and somtimes hairy withal : The Stalk is blackish and hairy also , but not so tall as the garden-kinds , having some such like Leavs theron as grow below , parted into three or four Branches somtimes , wheron grow smal hairy heads , bowing down before the skin break , wherin the flower is inclosed , which when it is ful blown open , is of a fair yellowish red , or crimson colour , and in some , much paler , without any spot in the bottom of the Leavs , having many black soft thrids in the middle , compassing a smal green head , which when it is ripe , is not biger then ones little finger end , wherin is contained much black seed , smaller by half than that of the Garden . The Root perisheth every year , and springeth again of its own sowing . Of this kind , there is one lesser in all the parts thereof , and differeth in nothing else .

Place . ] The Garden kinds do not naturally grow wild in any Place , but are all sowen in Gardens where they grow .

The Wild Poppy , or Corn Rose is plentiful enough , and many times too much in the Corn-fields of al Countries through this Land , and also upon Ditch-banks , and by Hedg-sides : The smaller wild kind is also found in Corn-fields , and also in some other places , but not so plentiful as the former .

Time . ] The Garden kinds are usually sown in the Spring , which then flower about the end of May , and somwhat earlier , if they spring of their own sowing .

The Wild kinds Flower usually from May until July , and the Seed of them is ripe soon after the flowring .

Government and Vertues . ] The Herb is Lunar , and of the Juyce of it is made Opium ; only for lucre of Money they cheat you , and tel you 't is a kind of tear , or some such like thing that drops from Poppies when they weep , Procure sleep , Catarrhs , and defluxions of Rhewm , stayeth , Hoarsness , Flux of the belly & Womens Courses , Inflamations , & St. Anth. fire , pains in the Head , Phrensies , Tooth-ach . and that is some where beyond the Seas , I know not where , beyond the Moon . The Garden Poppy heads , with seeds made into a Syrup , is frequently , and to good effect , used to procure rest and sleep in the sick and weak , and to stay Catarrhs and Defluxions of hot thin Rhewms from the Head into the Stomach , and upon the Lungs , causing a continual Cough , the Fore-runner of a Consumption : It helpeth also Hoarsness of the Throat , and when one hath lost their voice , which the Oyl of the Seed doth likewise . The black seed boyled in Wine and drunk , is said also to stay the Flux of the Belly and Womens Courses . The empty shels of the Poppy-heads are usually boyled in Water and given to procure rest and sleep ; so do the Leavs in the same manner : as also if the Head and Temples be bathed with the Decoction warm , or with the Oyl of Poppies , the green Leavs or Heads bruised and applied with a little Vinegar , or made into a Pultis with Barly-meal , or Hogs-grease , it cooleth and tempereth al Inflamations , as also the Disease called St. Anthonies Fire . It is generally used in Treacle and Methridate , and in al other Medieines that are made to procure rest and sleep , and to ease pains in the Head as wel as in other parts : It is also used to cool Inflamations , Agues , or Phrensies , and to stay defluxions which cause a Cough or Consumption , and also other Fluxes of the Belly , or Womens Courses : It is also put into hollow Teeth to ease the pain , and hath been found by experience to ease the pain of the Gout .

The Wild Poppy , or Corn Rose ( as Mathiolus saith ) is good to prevent the Falling-sickness . The Syrup made with the Flowers is with good effect given to those that have the Pluresie : Falling-sickness , Pluresie , Surfets , Agues , and Inflamations . and the dried Flowers also , either boyled in Water , or made into Pouder and drunk , either in the Distilled water of them , or in some other Drink , worketh the like effect . The Distilled Water of the flowers , is held to be of much good use against Surfets , being drunk evening and morning : It is also more cooling than any of the other Poppies , and therfore cannot but be as effectual in hot Agues , Phrensies , and other Inflamations either inward or outward , the Syrup or Water to be used therin , or the green Leavs used outwardly , either in an Oyntment , as it is in Populeon , a cooling Oyntment , or any other wayes applied . Galen saith , The Seed is dangerous to be used inwardly .

Purslane .

GArden Purslane ( being used as a Sallet Herb ) is so wel known that it needeth no Description ; I shal therfore only speak of its Vertues as followeth .

Government and Vertues . ] 't is an Herb of the Moon . It is good to cool any heat in the Liver , Blood , Reins , and Stomach , and in hot Agues , nothing better ; It stayeth hot and Chollerick Fluxes of the Belly , Cooleth heat of Blood in hot Agues , Chollerick Fluxes , Womens Courses , the Whites & Genorrhea , distilations , phrensie , Heat of Urine , Lust , and venerous Dreams , Worms , Vomiting , old , dry , Cough , Short Breath , & phtisick , Ulcers in the secret parts . Redness of the Eyes , & inflamations , Crick , or pain in the Neck , blastings by Lightning , burning by gun-powder ; Sore Breasts , Childrens Navils , Sore mouths , & swollen Gums , Fasteneth teeth , toothach , bloody Urine Gout , Cramp , & stifness of the sinews . Womens Courses , the Whites , and Gonorrhea , or running of the Reins , the Distillations from the Head , and pains therin proceeding of Heat , want of sleep , or the Phrensie . The Seed is more effectual than the Herb , and is of singular good use to cool the heat and sharpness of the Urine , and the outragious Lust of the Body , Venerious Dreams , and the like , insomuch that the over-frequent use hereof , extinguisheth the Heat and Vertu of Natural Procreation . The Seed bruised and boyled in Wine , and given to Children , expelleth the Worms . The juyce of the herb is held as effectual to al the purposes aforesaid , as also to stay Vomitings ; and taken with some Sugar or Honey , helpeth an old and dry Cough , shortness of Breath , and the Phtisick , and stayeth immoderate Thirst . The Distilled Water of the Herb is used by many ( as the more pleasing ) with a little Sugar , to work the same effects . The juyce also is singular good in the Inflamations and Ulcers of the secret Parts in Man or Woman , as also of the Bowels and Hemorrhoids , when they are Ulcerous , or Excoriations in them : The Herb bruised and applied to the Fore-head and Temples , allayeth excessive heat therin , hindring rest and sleep : and applied to the Eyes , taketh away the Redness and Inflamation in them , and those other Parts where Pushes , Wheals , Pimples , St. Anthonies Fire , and the like , break forth , especially if a little Vinegar be put to it : And being laid to the Neck with as much of Galls and Linseed together , taketh away the pains therin and the Crick in the Neck . The Juyce is used with Oyl of Roses for the said Causes , or for Blastings by Lightning , and Burnings by Gun-powder , or for Womens sore Breasts , and to allay the heat in al other Sores or Hurts : Applied also to the Navels of Children that stick forth , it helpeth them : It is also good for sore mouths , and Gums that are swollen , to fasten loose teeth . Camerarius saith , That the Distilled Water used by some , took away the pain of their Teeth when al other Remedies failed , and that the thickned Juyce made in Pills with the Pouder of Gum-Tragacanth , and Arabick , being taken prevaileth much to help those that make a bloody water . Applied to the Gout it easeth pains thereof , and helpeth the hardness of Sinews , if it come not of the Cramp , or a cold Cause .

Primroses .

THese are so wel known , that they need no Deseription . Of the Leavs of Primroses is made as fine a Salve to heal green Wounds as any is that I know : You shal be taught to make Salves of any Herb at the latter end of the Book , make this as you are taught there , and do not ( you that have any ingenuity in you ) see your poor Neighbors go with wounded Limbs , when a half-penny cost wil heal them .

Privet .

Descript. ] OUr Common Privet is carried up with many slender Branches , to a reasonable height and breadth , to cover Arbors , Bowrs , and Banquetting Houses , and brought , wrought , and cut into many Forms , of Men , Horses , Birds , &c. which though at first supported , groweth afterwards strong of it self : It beareth long and narrow green Leavs by couples , and sweet smelling white flowers in tufts at the ends of the branches , which turn into smal black Berries that have a purplish Juyce within them , and some seeds that are flat on the one side , with a hole or dent therin .

Place . ] It groweth in this Land , in divers Woods .

Time . ] Our Privet Flowreth in June and July ; the Berries are ripe in August and September .

Government and Vertues . ] The Moon is Lady of this . It is little used in Physick with us in these times , more than in Lotions to wash Sores , Lotions to wash sore Mouths , Throats , Cool Inflamations , Dry Fluxes , inflamation in Wounds , Headach , Fluxes , & Womens courses Voiding blood , Rhewm in the Eyes . and sore Mouths , and to cool Inflamations and dry up Fluxes . Yet Mathiolus saith , It serveth to al the uses for the which Ciprus or the East Privet is appointed by Dioscorides and Galen . He further saith , That the Oyl that is made of the Flowers of Privet infused therin , and set in the Sun , is singular good for the Inflamations of Wounds , and for the Head-ach coming of an hot cause . There is a sweet Water also distilled from the Flowers that is good for al those Diseases that need cooling and drying , and therfore helpeth al Fluxes of the Belly or Stomach . Bloudy Fluxes , and Womens Courses , being either drunk or applied , as also for those that void Bloud at their Mouth , or at any other place ; and for Distillations of Rhewms in the Eyes , especially if it be used with Tutiae .

Queen of the Meadows , Meadow-sweet , Or , Mead-sweet .

Descript. ] THe Stalks of this are reddish , rising to be three foot high , somtimes four or five foot , having at the joynts therof large winged Leavs , standing one above another at distances , consisting of many and somwhat broad Leavs , set on each side of a middle rib , being hard , rough , or rugged , crumpled much like to Elm-Leavs , having also some smaller Leavs with them ( as Agrimony hath ) somwhat deeply dented about the edges , of a sad green colour on the upper side , and grayish underneath , of a pretty sharp scent and tast , somwhat like unto Burnet , and a Leaf herof put into a cup of Clarret-wine , giveth also a fine rellish to it : At the tops of the stalks and branches stand many tufts of smal white Flowers , thrust thick together , which smel much sweeter than the Leavs : and in their places , being fallen , come crooked and cornered Seed : The Root is somwhat woody , and black●sh on the out-side , and brownish within , with divers greater strings , and lesser fibres set therat , of a strong scent , but nothing so pleasant as the Flowers and Leavs , and perisheth not , but abideth many years , shooting forth anew every spring .

Place . ] It groweth in moist Meadows , that lie much wet , or neer the Courses of Water .

Time . ] It Flowreth in some place or other al the three Summer Months , that is , June , July , and August , and their Seed is ripe quickly after .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus claims dominion over the Herb . It is used to stay al manner of Bleedings , Fluxes , Vomitings , and Womens Courses , Bleedings , Fluxes , Vomitings , womens courses & the Whites , Quartan Ague , Chollick , opens the Belly , Old-Ulcers , healeth sore Mouths , or Secrets , raise Blisters , inflamation in the Eyes . as also their Whites : It is said to alter and take away the Fits of Quartan Agues , and to make a merry Heart , for which purpose some use the Flowers , and some the Leavs . It helpeth speedily those that are troubled with the Chollick , being boyled in Wine ; and with a little Honey taken warm , it openeth the Belly : but boyled in red Wine and drunk , it stayeth the Flux of the Belly . Being outwardly applied , it healeth old Ulcers that are Cankrous or eaten , or hollow and Fistulous , for which it is by many much commended , as also for the Sores in the mouth , or secret Parts . The Leavs , when they are ful grown , belaid upon the skin , wil in a short time raise Blisters theron , as Tragus saith . The Water therof helpeth the Heat and Inflamation in the Eyes .

The Quince-Tree .

Descript. ] THe ordinary Quince-tree groweth often to the height and bigness of a reasonable Apple-tree , but more usually lower and crooked with a rough Bark , spreading Arms and Branches far abroad ▪ The Leavs are somwhat like those of the Apple-tree , but thicker , harder , and fuller of Veins , and white on the under side , not dented at all about the edges . The Flowers are large and white , somtimes dash'd over with a blush : The Fruit that followeth is yellow , being neer ripe , and covered with a white Freez or Cotton , thick set on the yonger , and growing less as they grow to be through ripe , bunched out often times in some places , some being liker an Apple , and some a Pear , of a strong heady scent , and not durable to keep , and is sowr , harsh , and of an unpleasant tast to eat fresh ; but being scalded , roasted , baked , or preserved , becometh more pleasant .

Place and Time . ] It best likes to grow neer Ponds and Water sides , and is frequent through this Land ; and flowereth not until the Leavs be come forth : The Fruit is ripe in September or October .

Government and Vertues . ] Old Saturn owns the Tree . Quinces when they are green , helps al sorts of Fluxes in Man or Woman , and Chollerick Laske , Fluxes , Lasks , &c. Provoketh Appetite , stayeth vomiting , Fainting Spirits , Choller , Flegm , poyson , Womens Breasts , plague Sores , preserveth Hair . Castings , and whatsoever needeth Astriction more than any way prepared by fire : yet the Syrup of the Juyce , or the Conserve , are much conducible , much of the binding quality being consumed by the fire : If a little Vinegar be added , it stirreth up the languishing Appetite , and the Stomach given to casting : Some Spices being added , it comforteth and strengthneth the decayed and fainting Spirits , and helpeth the Liver oppressed , that it cannot perfect the digestion ; and correcteth Choller and Flegm : If you would have them Purging , put Honey to them instead of Sugar ; and if more Laxative , for Choller , Rhubarb ; for Flegm , Turbith ; for watery . Humors , Scammony : but if more forcibly to bind , use the unripe Quinces with Roses , and Acacia , or Hypocistis , and some torrefied Rhubarb . To take the crude Juyce of Quinces , is held a preservative against the force of deadly poyson ; for it hath been found most certain true , That the very smel of a Quince hath taken away al the strength of the Poyson of white Hellebore . If there be need of any outward binding and cooling of any hot Fluxes : The Oyl of Quinces , or other Medicines that may be made thereof , are very available to anoint the Belly , or other parts therewith : It likewise strengtheneth the Stomach and Belly , and the Sinews that are loosned by sharp Humors falling on them , and restraineth immoderate sweatings . The Muccilage taken from the Seeds of Quinces boyled a little in Water , is very good to cool the Heat , and heal the Sore Breasts of Women . The same with a little Sugar is good to lenefie the harshness and hoarsness of the Throat , and roughness of the Tongue . The Cotton or Down of Quinces boyled and applied to Plague Sores , healeth them up ; and laid as a Plaister made up with Wax , it bringeth Hair to them that are bald , and keepeth it from falling if it be ready to shed .

Rhadish and Hors-Rhadish .

THe Garden Radish is so wel known that it needeth no Descripton .

Descript. ] The Hors Radish hath his first Leavs that rise before Winter , about a foot and a half long , very much cut in or torn on the edges into many parts of a dark green colour , with a great Rib in the middle : After these have been up a while , others follow which are greater , rougher , broader , and longer whol , and not devided as the first , but only somwhat roundly dented about the edges : The stalk when it beareth Flowres ( which is but seldom ) is great , rising up with some few lesser Leavs thereon to three or four foot high , spreading at the top many smal branches of whitish Flowers , made of four Leavs apiece ; after which come smal pods like those of Shepherds-purse , but seldom with any Seed in them . The Root is great , long , white , and rugged , shooting up divers Heads of Leavs , which may be parted for encrease , but it doth not creep within ground , nor run above ground , and is of a strong , sharp and bitter tast , almost like Mustard .

Place . ] It is found wild in some places of this Land , but is chiefly planted in Gardens where it joyeth in a moist and shadowy place .

Time . ] It Flowreth but seldom , but when it doth , it is in July .

Government and Vertues . ] They are both under Mars . The Juyce of Hors-Rhadish given to drink , is held to be very effectual for the Scurvy . Scurvy , Worms , Sciatica , Liver and Spleen . It killeth the Worms in Children being drunk , and also laid upon the Belly . The Root bruised and laid to the place grieved with the Sciatica , Joynt ach , or the hard Swellings of the Liver and Spleen , doth wonderfully help them al. The distilled water of the Herb and Roots , is more familiar to be taken with a little Sugar for al the purposes aforesaid .

Garden Rhadishes are in wantonness by the Gentry eaten as Sallat , but they breed but scurvy humors in the Stomach , and corrupt the Blood , and then send for a Physitian as fast as you can , this is one cause , makes the owners of such nice Pallats so unhealthful , yet for such as are troubled with the Gravel , Stone , Disury . Stone , or stoppage of Urin , they are good Physick if the Body be strong that takes them : You may make the Juyce of the Roots into a Syrup if you please for that use : They purge by Urine exceedingly .

Ragwort .

IT is called also St. James-wort , Stagger-wort , and Stammer-wort , and Seggrum .

Descript. ] The greater common Ragwort hath many large , and long dark green Leavs lying on the ground , very much rent and torn on the sides into many pieces ; from among which rise up somtimes but one , and somtimes two or three square or crested blackish or brownish Stalks three or four foot high , somtimes branched , bearing divers such like Leavs upon them at several distances unto the tops , where it brancheth forth into many Stalks bearing yellow Flowers , consisting of divers Leavs set as a Pale or Border , with a dark yellow thrum in the middle , which do abide a great while , but at last are turned into Down , and with the smal blackish gray Seed are carried away with the wind . The Root is made of many Fibres , wherby it is firmly fastned into the ground , and abideth many yeers .

There is another sort hereof different from the former only in this , That it riseth not so high ; the Leavs are not so finely jagged , nor of so dark a green color , but rather somwhat whitish , soft , and woolly , and the Flowers usually paler .

Place . ] They grow both of them wild in Pastures , and untilled grounds in many places , and often times both of them in one Field .

Time . ] They Flower in June and July , and the Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] Ragwort is under the command of Dame Venus , and clenseth , digesteth , and discusseth . The Decoction of the Herb to wash the Mouth or Throat that have Ulcers or Sores therein ; Sore Mouth or Throat , Swellings and Impostumes , quinsie and Kings Evil , Catarrhs , and defluxions , Green wounds and Ulcers in the privy parts , Running Cankers , and hollow Fistulaes , Aches & pains Sciatica . and for swellings , hardness , or Impostumations , for it throughly clenseth and healeth them ; as also the Quinsie , and the Kings Evil : It helpeth to stay Catarrhs , thin Rhewms and Defluxions from the Head into the Eyes , Nose , or Lungs . The Juyce is found by experience to be singular good to heal green Wounds , and to clense and heal al old and filthy Ulcers in the Privities , and in other parts of the Body ; as also inward Wounds and Ulcers , and stayeth the malignity of fretting or running Cankers , and hollow Fistulaes , not suffering them to spread further . It is also much commended to help Aches and pains , either in the Fleshy parts , or in the N●rvs and Sinews ; as also the Sciatica , or pain of the Hips or Huckle-bone , to bath the places with the Decoction of the Herb , or to anoint them with an Oyntment made of the Herb bruised and boyled in old Hogs Suet , with some Mastich and Oribanum in Pouder added unto it after it is strained forth .

In Sussex we cal it Ragweed .

Rattle-grass .

OF this there are two kinds which I shal speak of , viz. The Red , and Yellow .

Descript. ] The common Red Rattle , hath sundry reddish hollow stalks , and somtimes green , rising from the Root , lying for the most part on the ground , yet some growing more upright , with many smal reddish or greenish Leavs set on both sides of a middle Rib finely dented about the edges : The Flowers stand at the tops of the Stalks and Branches , of a fine purplish red color , like smal gaping hoods ; after which come flat blackish Seed in smal Husks , which lying loose therein , wil rattle with shaking . The Root consists of two or three smal whitish strings , with some fibres thereat .

The common Yellow Rattle hath seldom above one round green Stalk , rising from the Root , about half a yard or two foot high , and but few Branches thereon , having two long , and somwhat broad Leavs set at a Joynt , deeply cut in on the edges , resembling the Comb of a Cock , broadest next to the Stalk , and smaller to the end : The Floweas grow at the tops of the Stalks with some shorter Leavs with them , hooded after the same manner that the others are , but of a fair yellow color in most , or in some paler , and in some more white . The Seed is contained in large Husks , and being ripe wil rattle , or make a noise with lying loose in them . The Root is smal and slender , perishing every yeer .

Place . ] They grow in our Meadows and Woods , generally through this Land .

Time . ] They are in Flower from Mid-Summer until August be past somtimes .

Government and Vertues . ] They are both of them under the Dominion of the Moon . The Red Rattle is accounted profitable to heal up Fistulaes , Fistulaes , and hollow Ulcers , Womens Courses , Fluxes . and hollow Ulcers and to stay the Flux of Humors to them , as also the abundance of Womens Courses , or any other Flux of Blood , being boyled in red Wine and drunk .

The Yellow Rattle , or Cocks Comb , is held to be good for those that are troubled with a Cough , Cough , Dim sight . or dimness of sight , if the Herb being boyled with Beans , and some Hony put thereto , be drunk , or dropped into the Eyes . The whol Seed being put into the Eyes draweth forth any Skin , Dimness or Film from the sight without trouble or pain .

Rest-Harrow , or Cammoak .

Descript. ] COmmon Rest-harrow riseth up with divers rough woody twigs , half a yard , or a yard high , set at the Joynts without order , with little roundish Leavs somtimes more than two or three at a place , of a dark green color , without thorns while they are yong , but afterwards armed in sundry places with short and sharp Thorns . The Flowers come forth at the tops of the twigs and branches whereof it is full , fashioned like Pease , or Bloom Blossoms , but lesser , flatter , and somwhat closer , of a faint purplish color ; after which come smal Pods , containing smal , flat , and round Seed : The Root is blackish on the outside , and whitish within , very tough and hard to break , when it is fresh and green , and as hard as an Horn when it is dried , thrusting down deep into the ground , and spreading likewise , every piece being apt to grow again if it be left in the ground .

Place . ] It groweth in many places of this Land , as wel in the Arable as wast ground .

Time . ] It flowereth about the beginning or middle of July , and the Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mars . It is singular good to provoke Urin when it is stopped , and to break and drive forth the Stone , Urine stopped , Stone , Fleshy , Rupture , Toothach , Liver and Spleen , obstructed , Ulcers . which the Pouder of the Bark of the Root taken in Wine performeth effectually . Mathiolus saith , The same helpeth the Disease called Hiernia Carnosa , the Fleshy Rupture , by taking the said Pouder for some months together constantly , and that it hath cured some which seemed incurable by any other means than by cutting or burning . The Decoction thereof made with some Vinegar and gargled in the Mouth , easeth the Toothach , especially when it comes of Rhewm ; and the said Decoction is very powerful to open obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , and other parts . A distilled Water made in Balneo Mariae with four pound of the Roots hereof first sliced smal , and afterwards steeped in a gallon of Canary Wine , is singular good for al the purposes aforesaid , and to clense the passages of the Urine . The Pouder of the said Root made into an Electuary or Lozenges with Sugar : as also the Bark of the fresh Roots boyled tender , and afterwards beaten into a Conserve with Sugar , worketh the like effect . The Pouder of the Roots strewed upon the brims of Ulcers , or mixed with any other convenient thing and applied , consumeth the hardness , and causeth them to heal the better .

Rocket .

IN regard the Garden Rocket is rather used as a Sallet Herb than to any Physical purposes , I shal omit it , and only speak of the common wild Rocket : The Description whereof , take as followeth ;

Descript. ] The common wild Rocket , hath longer and narrower Leavs , much more divided into slender cuts and jags on both sides of the middle Rib than the Garden kinds have , of a sad overworn green color , from among which riseth up divers stiff stalks two or three foot high , somtimes set with the like Leavs , but smaller , and smaller upwards , branched from the middle into divers stiff stalks , bearing sundry yellow Flowers on them made of four Leavs apiece , as the others are , which afterwards yield smal reddish Seed , in smal long Pods , of a more bitter and hot biting tast than the Garden kinds , as the Leavs are also .

Place . ] It is found wild in divers places of this Land .

Time . ] It flowereth about June and July , and the Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] The Wild Rockets are forbidden to be used alone in regard their sharpness fumeth into the Head , causing ach and pain therin : and are no less hurtful to hot and Chollerick persons , for fear of inflaming their Blood , & therfore for such we may say , a little doth but a little harm , for angry Mars rules them , and he somtimes wil be testy when he meets with Fools . The Wild Rocket is more strong and effectual to encrease Sperm and Venerious qualities , Increas Sperm & venery , helps digestion , provokes Urin , Biting of Serpents , &c. Cough in Children , increaseth Milk , clenseth the Face , scars , Blue spots , Marks of smal pox . wherunto also the Seed is more effectual than the Garden kinds : It serveth also to help Digestion , and provoketh Urin exceedingly . The Seed is used to cure the bitings of Serpents , the Scorpion , and the Shrew-Mouse , and other poysons , and expelleth Worms , and other noisom Creatures that breed in the Body . The Herb boyled or stewed , and some Sugar put thereto , helpeth the Cough in Children being taken often . The Seed also taken in drink taketh away the il scent of the Arm-pits , encreaseth Milk in Nurses , and wasteth the Spleen . The Seed mixed with Honey , and used on the Face , clenseth the Skin from Spots , Morphew , and other discolorings therein ; and used with Vinegar taketh away Freckles and redness in the Face or oother parts ' and with the Gal of an Ox , it amendeth foul Scars , black and blue Spots , and the marks of the smal Pox .

Winter Rocket , or Cresses .

Descript. ] WInter Rocket , or Winter Cresses , hath divers somwhat large , sad , green Leavs , lying upon the ground , torn or cut into divers parts , somwhat like unto Rocket , or Turnip leavs , with smaller pieces next the bottom , and broad at the ends , which so abide al winter ( if it spring up in Autumn , when it is used to be eaten ) from among which riseth up divers smal round Stalks ful of branches , bearing many smal yellow Flowers of four Leavs apiece , after which come smal long Pods with reddish seed in them : The Root is somwhat stringy , and perisheth every year after the seed is ripe .

Place . ] It groweth of its own accord in Gardens , and Fields , by the way sides in divers places , and particularly in the next Pasture to the Conduit-Head behind Grayes-Inne that brings Water to Mr. Lamb's Conduit in Holbourn .

Time . ] It Flowreth in May , and Seedeth in June , and then perisheth .

Government and Vertues . ] This is profitable to provoke Urine , and helpeth the Strangury , and to expel Gravel and the Stone ; It is also of good effect in the Scurvy : It is found by experience to be a singular good Wound Herb , Strangury , Gravel , & Stone , scurvy , wounds ulcers , & sores . to clense inward Wounds : the Juyce or Decoction being drunk , or outwardly applied to wash foul Ulcers and Sores , clensing them by sharpness , and hindring or abating the dead Flesh from growing therein , and healing them by the drying quality .

Roses .

I Hold it altogether needlesse to trouble the Reader with a Description of any of these , sith both the Garden Roses , and the Wild Roses of the Bryars are well enough known ; take therefore the Vertues of them as followeth ; And first I shall begin with the Garden kinds .

Government and Vertues . ] What a quarter have Authors made with Roses , what a Racket have they kept ? I shall ad , Red Roses are under Jupiter , Damask under Venus , and White under the Moon , and Province under the King of France . The White and the Red Roses are cooling and drying , and yet the White is taken to exceed the Red in both those properties , but is seldome used inwardly in any Medicine . The bitternesse in the Roses when they are fresh , Choller , and Waterish Humors ; Headach , Pains in the Ears , Eyes , Throat and Gums , Fundament , Bowels , and Matrix . St. Anthonies fire , Stomach , Womens Courses , Defluxions fastneth Teeth , Lask and spitting of Bloud , Heat & Inflamations , Rest & sleep , whiets & Reds in Women , Choller & Flegm , Redness and watering of the Eyes . especially the Juyce purgeth Choller , and watery Humors , but being dryed and that heat which caused the bitternesse being consumed , they have then a binding and astringent quality ; Those also that are not full blown do both cool and bind more then these that are full blown , and the White Roses more than the Red . The Decoction of Red Roses made with Wine and used , is very good for the Headach , and pains in the Eyes , Ears , Throat and Gums , as also for the Fundament , the lower bowels , and the Matrix , being bathed , or put into them . The same Decoction with the Roses remaining in it , is profitably applyed to the Region of the Heart to eas the Inflamation therein : as also St. Anthonies fire , and other Diseases of the Stomach . Being dryed and beaten to powder , and taken into steeled Wine or Water , it helpeth to stay Womens Courses . The yelow threds in the midle of the Red Roses ( which are erroneously called the Rose Seed ) being poudered and drunk in the distilled water of Quinces , stayeth the overflowing of Womens Courses , and doth wonderfully stay the Defluxions of Rhewm upon the Gums and Teeth , preserving them from corruption , and fastning them if they be loose , being washed and gargled therwith , and some Vinegar of Squils added therto . The Heads with Seed being used in Pouder or in a Decoction , stayeth the Lask and spitting of Bloud . Red Roses do strengthen the Heart , the Stomach and the Liver , and the retentive facultis , they mitigate the pains that arise from Heat , asswage Inflamations , procure rest and sleep , stay both Whites and Reds in Women , the Gonnorrhea or running of the Reins , and the Fluxes of the Belly ; the Juyce of them doth purge and clense the Body from Choller and Flegm : The Husks of the Roses with the Beards and Nails of the Roses are binding and cooling and the Distilled Water of either of them is good for the Heat and rednesse in the Eyes , and to stay and dry up the Rhewms and watering of them . Of the Red Roses are usully made many Compositions all serving to sundry good uses ; Viz . Electuary of Roses ; Conserve both moist and dry , which is more usually called Sugar of Roses ; Syrup of dryed Roses , and Honey of Roses ; The Cordiall Pouder called Diarhodon Abhatis , and Aromatica Rosarum ; The Distilled Water of Roses , Vinegar of Roses , Oyntment and Oyl of Roses , and the Rose Leavs dryed , which although no Composition , yet of very great use and effect . To write at large of every one of these would make my Book swel too big , it being sufficient for a Volum by it self to speak fully of them : But briefly ; The Electuary is purging , whereof two or three Drams taken by it self in some convenient Liquor is a purge sufficient for a weak Constitution ; but may be encreased to six drams according to the strength of the Patient . A Purge for Choller , Hot Feavers , Pains of the Head , Heat of the Eyes , Jaundice & Joynt Aches , Distillations & Defluxions of Rhewm , Fluxes and Lasks , running of the Reins , Faintings , Swounings and trembling of the Heart , Helpeth Digestion , Stayeth Casting , Infection , Cooleth the Liver and Bloud , resisteth Putrefaction , and Infection , Sore Mouths , Throats , &c. Comfort the Heart & Stomach , stay Vomiting , Faint Spirits , Redness of Eyes . It purgeth Choller without trouble , and is good in hot Feavers , and pains of the Head arising from hot Chollerick Humors , and heat in the Eyes , the Jaundice also , and Joynt Aches proceeding of hot Humors . The moist Conserve is of much use , both binding and Cordiall , for untill it be about two years old it is more binding then Cordiall , and after that , more Cordial than Binding : Some of the younger Conserve taken with Methridatum mixed together , is good for those that are troubled with Distillations of Rhewm from the Brain to the Nose , and Defluxsons of Rhewm into the Eyes , as also for Fluxes and Lasks of the Belly ; and being mixed with the Pouder of Mastick , is very good for the running of the Reins , and for other loosnesse of Humors in the Body . The old Conserve mixed with Aromaticum Rosarum is a very good Cordiall against Faintings , Swounings , Weaknesse , and Tremblings of the Heart , strengthning both it and a weak Stomach , helpeth digestion , stayeth casting and is a very good Preservative in the time of Infection . The dry Conserve which is called Sugar of Roses , is a very good Cordial to strengthen the Heart and Spirits ; as also to stay Defluxions . The Syrup of dryed Red Roses strengtheneth a Stomack given to casting , cooleth an overheated Liver , and the Blood in Agues , comforteh the Heart and resisteth putrefaction and infection , and helpeth to stay Lasks and Fluxes . Honey of Roses is much used in Gargles and Lotions to wash Sores either in the Mouth , Throat , or other parts , both to clense and heal them , and to stay the Fluxes of Humors falling upon them ; it is also used in Clysters both to cool and clense . The Cordiall Pouders called Diorhodon Abbatis and Aromaticus Rosarum do comfort and strengthen the Heart and Stomach , procure an Appetite , help Digestion , stayeth Vomiting ; and is very good for those that have slippery Bowels to strengthen them , and to dry up their moisture . Red Rose Water is of wel known and familiar use in al occasions ( and better then Damask Rose Water ) being cooling and Cordial , freshing quickning the weak & faint spirits , used either in meats , or broths , to wash the Temples , to smel to at the Nose , or to smel the sweet vapors therof out of a perfuming Pot , or cast on a hot Fire-shovel : It is also of much good use against the rednesse and Inflamations in the Eyes to bath them therewith ; an the Temples of the Head also against pain & ach , for which purpose also Vinegar of Roses is of much good use , and to procure rest and sleep , Procure sleep . if some thereof and Rosewater together be used to smel unto , or the Nose and Temples moistned therewith , but more usually to moisten a piece of Red Rose Cake cut fit for the purpose , and heated between a double folded Cloth , with a little beaten Nutmeg , and Poppy Seed strewed on the side that must ly next to the forehead and Temples , and bound so therto for all night . The Oyntment of Roses is much used against heat and Inflamations in the Head , Heat of the Liver , Back & Reins , Pushes , Wheals & Pimples , Fluxes of Humors . to anoint the Forehead and Temples , and being mixed with Unguentum Populeon , to procure rest ; as also it is used for the heat of the Liver , of the Back and Reins , and to cool and heal Pushes , Wheals and other red Pimples rising in the Face or other parts . Oyl of Roses is not onely used by it salf to cool any hot Swellings or Inflamations , and to binde and stay Fluxes of Humors unto Sores , but is also put into Oyntment and Plaisters that are cooling and binding , and restraining the Flux of Humors . The dryed Leavs of the Red Roses are used both inward and outwardly , both cooling , binding and Cordiall , for with them are made both Aromaticum Rosarum , Diarhodon Abbatis , Weakstomack . and Saccharum Rosarum , each of whose Properties are before declared . Rose Leavs and Mints heated and applied outwardly to the Stomach , stayeth castings , and very much strengtheneth a weak Stomach ; and applied as a Fomentation to the Region of the Liver and Heart , doth much cool and temper them , and also serveth instead of a Rose Cake ( as is said before ) to quiet the over hot Spirits and cause rest and sleep . The Syrup of Damask Roses is both Simple and Compound , Purgeth Choller . and made with Agrick . The Simple Solutive Syrup , is a familiar safe , gentle and easie Medicine , purging Choller , taken from one ounce to three or four ; Bind che Belly . yet this is remarkable herein that the Distilled Water of this Syrup should notably bind the Belly ; The Syrup with Agrick is more strong and effectuall , Melancholick humors , leprosie Itch , Tetters , French Pox . for one ounce thereof by it self will open the Body more than the other , and worketh as much on Flegm as Choller . The Compound Syrup is more forcible in working on Melancholick Humors , & available against the Leprosie , Itch , Tetters , &c. and the French Disease : Also Honey of Roses Solutive is made of the same infusion that the Syrup is made of , and therfore worketh the same effect both opening and purging , but is oftner given to Flegmatick than Cholerick persons and is more used in Clysters than in Potions as the Syrup made with Sugar is . Open the Belly . The Conserve and Preserved Leavs of these Roses are also operative , in gently opening the Belly .

The Simple Water of the Damask Roses is chiefly used for Fumes to sweeten things , as the dried Leavs therof to make sweet Pouders , and fil sweet Bags , and little use they are put to in Physick , although they have some purging quality ; The wild Roses also are few or none of them used in Physick , but yet are generally held to come neer the Nature of the manured Roses . The Fruit of the wild Bryar , which are called Heps , being throughly ripe , Bind the Belly , and stay Defluxions , Whites in Women , Stone , provoke Urine , chollick , Worms . and made into a Conserve with Sugar , besides the pleasantness of the tast , doth gently bind the Belly , and stay Defluxions from the Head upon the Stomach , drying up the moisture thereof , and helpeth digestion . The Pulp of the Heps dried into a hard Consistance , like to the juyce of Liquoris , or so dried that it may be made into pouder and taken in drink stayeth speedily the Whites in Women . The Bryar Ball is often used being made into Pouder and drunk to break the Stone , to provoke Urine when it is stopped , and to ease and help the Chollick , some appoint it to be burnt , and then taken for the same purpose . In the middle of these Balls are often found certain white Worms , which being dried and made into Pouder , and some of it drunk , is found by experience of many , to kil and drive forth the Worms of the Belly .

Rosa Solis , or Sun-dew .

Descript. ] THis hath divers smal round hollow Leavs , somwhat greenish , but ful of certain red hairs , which makes them seem red , every one standing upon his own footstalk , reddish hairy likewise . The Leavs are continually moist in the hottest day ; yea , the hotter the Sun shines on them , the moister they are , with a certain sliminess that wil rope ( as we say ) the smal hairs alwayes holding this moisture : Among these leavs rise up smal slender stalks , reddish also , three or four fingers high , bearing divers smal white knobs one above another , which are the Flowers ; after which , in the Heads are certain smal Seeds : The Root is a few smal hairs .

Place . ] It groweth usually on Bogs , and in wet places , and somtimes in moist Woods .

Time . ] It Flowreth in June , and then the Leavs are fittest to be gathered .

Government and Vertues . ] The Sun rules it , and 't is under the Sign Cancer . Rosa Solis is accounted good to help those that have salt Rhewm distilling on their Lungs which breedeth a Consumption , and therfore the distilled Water thereof in Wine , is held fit and profitable for such to drink , Distillations of Rhewm , phtisick , Wheesings , sho● ness of Breath , Cough , Ulcers in the Lungs , Comfort the heart , raise blisters , passions of the Heart . which water wil be of a gold yellow colour : The same water is held to be good for al other Diseases of the Lungs , as Phtisicks , Wheesing , shortness of Breath , or the Cough ; as also to heal the Ulcers that happen in the Lungs , and it comforteth the Heart and fainting Spirits ; The Leavs outwardly applied to the Skin wil raise Blisters , which hath caused some to think it dangerous to be taken inward : but there are other things which wil also draw Blisters , yet nothing dangerous to be taken inwardly . There is an usual Drink made hereof with Aquae vitae and Spices frequently , and without any offence or danger , but to good purpose used in Qualms and Passions of the Heart .

Rosemary .

OUr Garden Rosemary is so wel known , that I need not describe it .

Time . ] It Flowreth in April and May with us , and somtimes again in August .

Government and Vertues . ] The Sun claims priviledge in it , and 't is under the Coelestial Ram . It is an Herb of as great use with us in these dayes , as any whatsoever , not only for Physical , but civil purposes . The Physical use of it ( being my present Task ) is very much , both for inward and outward Diseases ; for by the warming and comforting heat therof , it helpeth al cold diseases , both of the Head , Stomach , Liver , and Belly . The Decoction thereof in Wine , helpeth the cold Distillations of Rhewm into the Eyes , Cold Diseases , Rhewm , swimming of the head , drowsines stupidity , dumb Palsey , lethargy & falling-sickness , tooth-ach , stinking breath , weak Memory , stomach , Retention of Meat , Wind , Liver-grown , dim sight , yellow-Jaundice , Pestilence whites , in Women , Cough , phtisick , or consumption benum'd joynts spots and scars in the skin . and al other cold Diseases of the Head and Brain , as the Giddiness or swimming therein , Drowsiness , or Dulness of the Mind and Senses , like a stupidness , the dumb Palsey , or loss of Speech , the Lethargy , and Falling-sickness , to be both drunk and the Temples bathed therwith . It helpeth the pains in the Gums and Teeth , by Rhewm falling into them , or by putrifaction , causing an evil smel from them , or a stinking Breath . It helpeth a weak Memory , and quickneth the Senses . It is very comfortable to the Stomach in al the cold Griefs therof , helping both retention of Meat , and digestion , the Decoction or Pouder being taken in Wine : It is a Remedy for the windiness in the Stomach or Bowels , and expelleth it powerfully , as also wind in the Spleen . It helpeth those that are Liver-grown , by opening the Obstructions therof . It helpeth dim Eyes , and procureth a cleer sight , the Flowers therof being taken al the while it is flowring , every morning fasting with bread and salt . Both Dioscorides and Galen say , That if a Decoction be made thereof with Water , and they that have the yellow Jaundice do exercise their Bodies presently after the taking thereof , it wil certainly cure it : The Flowers , and the Conserve made of them , is singular good to comfort the Heart , and to expel the contagion of the Pestilence ; to burn the Herb in houses and chambers , correcteth the air in them : Both the Flowers and the Leavs are very profitable for Women that are troubled with the Whites , if they be daily taken . The dried Leavs shred smal and taken in a Pipe like as Tobacco is taken , helpeth those that have any Cough or Phtisick , or Consumption , by warming and drying the thin Distillations which cause those Diseases . The Leavs are much used in bathings , and made into Oyntments or Oyls , is singular good to help cold benumned Joynts , Sinews , or Members . The Chymical Oyl drawn from the Leavs and Flowers , is a sovereign help for al Diseases aforesaid to touch the Temples and Nostrils with two or three drops , for al the Diseases of the Head and Brains spoken of before ; as also to take a drop , two , or three , as the cause requireth , for the inward Griefs , yet must it be done with Descretion , for it is very quick and piercing , and therfore but a very little must be taken at a time . There is also another Oyl made by Insolation , in this manner ; Take what quantity you wil of the Flowers , and put them into a strong Glass close stopped , tye a fine linnen Cloth over the Mouth , and turn the Mouth down into another strong Glass , which being set in the Sun , an Oyl wil distil down into the lower Glass , to be preserved as precious for divers uses , both inward and outward as a sovereign Balm to heal the Diseases before mentioned , to clear a dim sight , and to take away spots , marks , and scars in the skin .

Rubarb , or Rhapontick .

DO not start , and say this grows you know not how far off ; and then ask me , How it comes to pass that I bring it among our English Simples ? For though the name may speak it Forreign , yet it grows with us in England , and that frequent enough in our Gardens ; and when you have throughly perused its Vertues , you wil conclude it nothing inferior to that which is brought us out of China , and by that time this hath been as much used as that hath been , the name which the other hath gotten wil be eclipsed by the fame of this : Take therfore a Description at larg of it , as followeth .

Descrip . ] At the first appearing out of the Ground , when the Winter is past , it hath a great round brownish head , rising from the middle or sides of the Root , which openeth it self into sundry leavs one after another , very much crumpled or folded together at the first , and brownish ; but afterward it spreadeth it self and becometh smooth , very large , and almost round , every one standing on a brownish stalk , of the thickness of a mans thumb , when they are grown to their fulness , and most of them two foot and more in length , especially when they grow in any moist or good ground : And the stalk of the leaf also from the bottom therof to the leaf it self , being also two foot : the breadth therof from edg to edg in the broadest place , being also two foot ; of a sad or dark green color , of a fine tart , or sowrish tast , much more pleasant than the Garden or Wood-sorrel . From among these riseth up some , but not every year , a strong thick stalk , not growing so high as the Patience , or Garden Dock , with such round leavs as grow below , but smaller , at every joynt up to the top , and among the Flowers which are white spreading forth into many branches , and consisting of five or six smal white leavs apiece , hardly to be discerned from the white thrids in the middle , and seeming to be al thrids , after which come brownish three square Seed like unto other Docks , but larger , wherby it may be plainly known to be a Dock . The Root groweth in time to be very great , with divers and sundry great spreading branches from it , of a dark , brownish , or reddish colour on the out-side ; with a pale yellow skin under it , which covereth the inner substance or Root , which rind and skin being pared away , the root appeareth of so fresh and lively a colour , with fresh color'd Veins running through it , that the choicest of that Rubarb that is brought us from beyond the Seas cannot excel it : which Root if it be dryed carefully and as it ought ( which must be in our Country by the gentle heat of a fire , in regard the Sun is not hot enough here to do it , and every piece kept from touching one another ) wil hold his colour almost as wel as when it is fresh ; and hath been approved of , and commended by those who have oftentimes used them .

Place . ] It groweth in Gardens , and Flowreth about the beginning , or middle of June , and the Seed is ripe in July .

Time . ] The Roots that are to be dried and kept al the year following , are not to be taken up before the Stalk and Leavs be quite withered and gone , and that is not until the middle or end of October ; and if they be taken a little before the Leavs do spring , or when they are sprung up , the Roots wil not have half so good a color in them .

I have given the Precedence unto this , because in Vertues also it hath the Preheminence : I come now to describe unto you that which is called Patience , or Monks Rubarb ; and next unto that , the Great round Leav'd Dock , or Bastard Rubarb ; for the one of these may happily supply in the absence of the other ; being not much unlike in their Vertues , only one more powerful and efficacious than the other : And lastly , shal shew you the Vertues of al the three Sorts .

Garden Patience , or Monks Rubarb .

Descript. ] THis is a Dock bearing the name of Rubarb , for some purging quality therein , and groweth up with large tall stalks , set with somwhat broad and long fair green Leavs , not dented at al ; The tops of the Stalks being divided into many smal Branches , bear reddish or purplish Flowers , and three square Seed like unto other Docks . The Root is long , great , and yellow like unto the wild Docks , but a little redder , and if it be a little dried sheweth-less store of discolored veins , than the next doth when it is dry .

Great round leav'd Dock , or , Bastard Rubarb .

Descript. ] THis hath divers large , round , thin , yellowish green Leavs , rising from the Root , a little waved about the edges , every one standing on a reasonable thick , and long brownish Footstalk ; from among which , riseth up a pretty big stalk about two foot high , with some such like Leavs growing thereon , but smaller : At the top whereof stand in a long spike many smal brownish Flowers , which turn into hard three square shining brown Seed , like the Garden Patience before described . This Root groweth greater than that , with many branches of great fibres thereat , yellow on the out side , and somwhat pale yellow within , with some discolored Veins like to the Rubard which is first described , but much less than it , especially when it is dry .

Place and Time . ] These also grow in Gardens , and Flower and Seed at , or neer the same time that our true Rubarb doth , viz. They flower in June , and the Seed is ripe in July .

Government and Vertues . ] Mars claims Predominancy over al these wholsom Herbs : you cry out upon him for an infortune , when God created him for your good ( only he is angry with Fools ) What dishonor is this , not to Mars , but to God himself ? A dram of the dried Root of Monks Rubarb , with a scruple of Ginger made into Pouder and taken fasting in a draught or mess of warm Broth , Purge Choller and flegm , stay Lasks & bloody flux , Scabs and Ulcerous Sores , running Sores . purgeth Choller and Flegm downward very gently , and safely without danger : The Seed thereof contrarily doth bind the Belly , and helpeth to stay any sort of Lask or Bloody flux . The distilled Water thereof is very profitably used to heal Scabs , as also foul ulcerous Sores , and to allay the Inflamation of them : The Juyce of the Leavs or Roots , or the Decoction of them in Vinegar , is used as a most effectual Remedy to heal Scabs and running Sores .

The Bastard Rubarb hath al the properties of the Monks Rubarb , but more effectual for both inward and outward Diseases . The Decoction thereof with Vinegar dropped into the Ears , taketh away the pains ; Pains of the Ears , toothach , Jaundice , pains of the Stomach and loathing of Meat , Kings Evil , stone , Urin , Dim sight , Liver and Blood . gargled in the Mouth taketh away the Toothach , and being drunk healeth the Jaundice . The Seed thereof taken , easeth the gnawing and griping pains of the Stomach , and taketh away the loathing thereof unto meat . The Root therof helpeth the ruggedness of the Nails , and being boyled in Wine helpeth the swelling of the Throat , commonly called the Kings Evil , as also the swellings of the Kernels of the Ears : It helpeth them that are troubled with the Stone , provoketh Urine , and helpeth the dimness of the sight . The Roots of this Bastard Rubarb are used in opening and purging Diet Drinks with other things , to open the Liver , and to clense and cool the Blood .

The properties of that which is called the English Rubarb , are the same with the former , but much more effectual , and hath al the properties of the true Indian Rubarb , except the force in purging , wherein it is but of half the strength thereof , and therefore a double quantity must be used ; Choller and flegm , Obstructions , jaundice , Dropsie , spleen , Agues , Pains of the sides , and spitting of Blood , Running of the Reins , swelling in the Head , Sciatica , Gout , Cramp , Clotted Blood , Ulcers in the Eyes , or Eye-lids , swellings and inflamations , black and blue spots , purge the Liver and Stomach . it likewise hath not that bitterness and astriction : in other things it worketh almost in an equal quality , which are these ; It purgeth the Body of Choller and Flegm , being either taken of it self , made into Pouder and drunk in a draught of white Wine , or steeped therein al night and taken fasting , or put among other Purges , as shal be thought convenient , clensing the Stomach , Liver and Blood , opening Obstructions , and helping those griefs that come thereof ; as the Jaundice , Dropsie , swelling of the Spleen , Tertian and Day Agues , and pricking pain of the sides , and also it stayeth spitting of Blood . The Pouder taken with Cassia dissolved , and a little washed Venice Turpentine , clenseth the Reins and strengtheneth them afterwards , and is very effectual to stay the the running of the Reins or Gonorrhea . It is also given for the pains and swellings in the Head , for those that are troubled with Melancholly , and helpeth the Sciatica , the Gout , and the Cramp . The Pouder of Rubarb taken with a little Mummia and Madder Roots in some red Wine , dissolveth clotted blood in the Body , hapning by any fal or bruise , and healeth burstings and broken parts as wel inward as outward : The Oyl likewise wherein it hath been boyled , worketh the like effects , being anointed . It is used to heal those Ulcers that happen in the Eyes and Eye-lids , being steeped and strained ; as also to asswage the swellings and inflamations ; and applied with Honey , or boyled in Wine , it taketh away al black and blue spots or marks that happen therein . Whey , or white Wine are the best Liquors to steep it in , and thereby it worketh more effectually in opening Obstructions , and purging the Stomach and Liver . Many do use a little Indian Spicknard as the best correcter thereof .

Meadow Rue .

Descript. ] MEadow Rue riseth up with a yellow stringy Root , much spreading in the ground , and shooting forth new sprouts round about , with many Herby green Stalks two foot high , crested all the length of them , set with joynts here and there , and many large Leavs on them as well as below , being divided into smaller Leavs , nicked or dented in the fore part of them , of a sad greed color on the uper side , and pale green underneath : Toward the top of the Stalk there shooteth forth divers short branches , on every one thereof there stand two , three , or four smal round Heads or Buttons , which breaking the skin that incloseth them shew forth a tuft of pale greenish yellow threds , which falling away there comes in their places smal three corner'd Cods , wherein is contained smal , long , and round Seed . The whol Plant hath a strong unpleasant scent .

Place . ] It groweth in many places of this Land , in the Borders of moist Meadows , and by Ditch sides .

Time , ] It flowreth about July , or the beginning of August .

Government and Vertues . ] Dioscorides saith , That this Herb bruised and applied , perfecty healeth old Sores : and the distilled Water of the Herb and Flowers doth the like . Old sores , Open the Body , Lice and Vermine , Plague , Jaundice . It is used by some among other Pot-herbs to open the Body and make it soluble ; but the Roots washed clean , and boyled in Ale and drunk , provoketh to the stool more than the Leavs , but yet very gently . The Root boyled in Water , and the places of the Body most troubled with Vermine or Lice , washed therewith while it is warm , destroyeth them utterly . In Italy it is used against the Plague , and in Saxony against the Jaundice , as Camerarius saith .

Garden Rue .

GArden Rue is so wel known , both by this name , and the name Herb of Grace , that I shal not need to write you any further Description of it : But shal only shew you the Vertues of it as followeth :

Governmen and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of the Sun , and under Leo . It provoketh Urin and Womens Courses , being taken either in Meat or Drink . Urine , Womens Courses , Poysons , Plague , Abate Venery , pains of the Chest , & sides , Cough , Hard Breathihg , Sciatica , & Joynt Aches , Agues , Wind Chollick , Mother , worms , Gout , Dropsie , Bleeding , Swelling of the cods Wheals & pimples , Morphew , & warts , Scab , tetter , and ringworm , Pains of the Ears , Dim sight , St. Ahthonies fire , Running sores of the Head , Ulcers of the Nose , Antidote , pains of the Chest , Stomach , Spleen , Belly , Obstructions . The Seed thereof taken in Wine , is an Antidote against al dangerous Medicines or deadly Poysons . The Leavs taken either by themselvs , or with Figs and Walnuts is called Methridates his Counter poyson , against the Plague , and causeth al Venemous things to become harmless : Being often taken in meat or drink it abateth Venery , and destroyeth the ability to beget Children . A Decoction made thereof with some dried Dil Leavs and Flowers , easeth al pains and torments inwardly to be drunk , and outwardly to be applied warm to the place grieved . The same being drunk helpeth the pains both of the Chest and sides , as also Coughs , and hardness of bretthing , the Inflamations of the Lungs , and the tormenting pains of the Sciatica , and the Joynts , being anointed or laid to the places , as also the shaking fits of Agues , to take a draught before the fit come : Being boyled or infused in Oyl it is good to help the wind Chollick , the hardness or windiness of the Mother , and freeth women from the strangling or suffocation thereof , if the Share and the parts thereabouts be anointed therewith : It killeth and driveth forth the Worms of the Belly , if it be drunk after it is boyled in Wine to the half with a little Honey : It helpeth the Gout or pains in the Joynts of Hands , Feet , or Knees , applied thereunto : and with Figs it helpeth the Dropsie being bathed therewith : being bruised and put into the Nostrils it stayeth the bleeding thereof . It helpeth the swelling of the Cods if they be bathed with a Decoction of Rue and Bay Leavs . It taketh away wheals and pimples if being bruised with a few Mirtle Leavs , if it be made up with Wax and applied : It cureth the Morphew and taketh away al sorts of Warts , if boyled in Wine with some Pepper and Nitre , and the places rubbed therewith : and with Allum and Honey , helpeth the dry Scab or any Tetter or Ring-worm : The Juyce thereof warmed in a Pomegranate Shel or Rind , and dropped into the Ears helpeth the pains of them . The Juyce of it and Fennel with a little Honey , and the Gall of a Cock put thereto , helpeth the dimness of the Eyesight . An Oyntment made of the Juyce thereof with Oyl of Roses , Ceruss , and a little Vinegar , and anointed cureth St. Anthonies fire , and al foul running Sores in the Head ; and the stinking Ulcers of the Nose or other parrs . The Antidote used by Methridates every morning fasting to secure himself from any Poyson or Infection was this , Take twenty Leavs of Rue , a little Salt , a couple of Walnuts , and a couple of Figs beaten together into a Mass with twenty Juniper Berries , which is the quantity appointed for every day . Another Electuary is made thus , Take of Nitre , Pepper , and Cummin Seed , of each equal parts , of the Leavs of Rue clean picked as much in weight as al the other three weighed , beat them wel together , and put to as much Honey as wil make it up into an Electuary ; ( but you must first steep your Cummin Seed in Vinegar twenty four hours , and then dry it , or rather toast it in a hot Fire-shovel , or in an Oven ) and it is a Remedy for the pains or griefs of the Chest or Stomach of the Spleen , Belly or Sides , by Wind or Stitches ; of the Liver by Obstructions , of the Reins and Bladder by the stopping of Urine , and helpeth also to extenuate fat corpulent Bodies .

What an infamy is cast upon the Ashes of Methridates ( or Methridates as the Augustanes read his name ) by unworthy people ; they that deserve no good report themselves , love to give none to others , Viz . That renowned King of Pontus fortified his Body by Poyson against Poyson ( He cast out Devils by Belzebub the Prince pf Devils ) what a Sot is he that knows not if he had accustomed his Body to cold Poysons , hot Poysons would have dispatch'd him , or the contrary if not , corrosions would have done it , the whol world is at this very time beholding to him for his studies in Physick , & he that useth the quantity of but a Hazel Nut of that Recept every morning to which his name is adjoyned , shall to admiration preserve his Body in health , if he do but consider that Rue is an Herb of the Sun and under Leo , and gather it and the rest accordingly .

Rupture wort .

Descript. ] THis spreadeth very many thredy Branches round about upon the ground , about a span long , divided into many other smaller parts , full of smal Joynts set very thick together , wherat come forth two very small Leavs of a french yellow green colour ; branches and all where groweth forth also a number of exceeding small yellowish Flowers , scarce to be discerned from the Stalks and Leavs , which turn into Seeds as small as the very dust : The Root is very long and small , thrusting down deep into the ground : This hath neither smell nor taste at first , but afterward hath a little astringent taste , without any manifest heat , yet a little bitter and sharp withall .

Place . ] It groweth in dry , sandy , and Rocky places .

Time . ] It is fresh and green all the Summer .

Government and Vertues . ] They say Saturn causeth Ruptures , if he do , he doth no more then he can cure , if you want wit he will teach you though to your cost , this Herb is Saturns own , and is a notable Antevenerian . Rupture wort hath not his name in vain , for it is found by experience to cure the Rupture , Ruptures , Fluxes , Running of the Reins , Strangury , Stone or Gravel , Stitches , Yellow Jaundice , Worms , Wounds , Defluxions , Foul Ulcers . not onely in Children but also in Elder Persons , if the Disease be not too inveterate , by taking a dram of the Pouder of the dried Herb every day in Wine for certain dayes together ; Or the Decoction made in Wine and drunk : Or the Juyce or distilled water of the green Herb taken in the same manner ; and helpeth all other Fluxes either in men or Women ; Vomitings also , and the Gonnorrhea or running of the Reins , being taken any of the waies aforesaid . It doth also most assuredly help those that have the Strangury , or have their Urine stopped , or are troubled with the Stone or Gravel in the Reins or Bladder . The same also helpeth much all Stitches in the side , all gripping pains in the Stomach or Belly the Obstructions of the Liver , and cureth the yellow Jaundice likewise : It killeth also the Worms in Children : being outwardly applyed it conglutineth Wounds notably , and helpeth much to stay Defluxions of Rhewm from the Head to the Eyes , Nose , and Teeth , being bruised green and bound thereto ; Or the Decoction of the dried Herb , to bath the Forehead and Temples , or the Nape of Neck behind : It also drieth up the moisture of Fistulous Ulcers , or any others that are foul and spreading .

Rushes .

ALthough there are many kindes of Rushes , yet I shall onely here insist upon those which are best known , and most Medicinal , as the Bulrushes , and other of the soft and smooth ktnds ; which grow so commonly in almost every place of this Land , and and are so generally noted , that I suppose it needlesse to trouble you with any Description of them : Briefly then take the Vertues of them as followeth .

Government and Vertues . ) The Seeds of these soft Rushes , saith Dioscorides and Galen , toasted ( saith Pliny ) being drunk in Wine and Water , stayeth the Lask and Womens Courses , when they come down too abundantly : but it causeth Headach : It provoketh sleep likewise , but must be given with caution , lest the party that takes it wake not untill the Resurrection : Pliny saith , The Root boyled in water to the consumprion of one third , helpeth the Cough .

Thus you see that Conveniences have their Inconveniencies , and Vertue is seldome unaccompanied with some Vices . What I have writen concerning Rushes is to satisfie my Countrey-mens Question , Are our Rushes good for nothing ? Yes , and as good let alone as taken ; There are Remedies enough without them for any Disease , and therefore as the Proverb is I care not a Rush for them , or rather they wil do you as much good as if one had given you a Rush .

Rye .

THis is so well known in all the Countries of this Land , and especially to the Country People who feed much thereon , that if I should describe it , they would presently say , I might well have spared that Labour : Its Vertues follow .

Government and Vertues . ] Rye is more digesting then Wheat ; Impostums Boyls & Swellings , pains of the Head , Chops of the Hands or Feet . The Bread and the Leaven thereof ripeneth and breaketh Impostumes , Boyls , and other Swellings : The The Meal of Rye put between a double cloth , and moistned with a little Vinegar , and heated in a Pewter dish , set over a Chafingdish of coals ; and bound sast to the head while it is hot , both much ease the continual pains of the Head . Mathiolus saith , That the Ashes of Rye straw put into Water , and suffered therein a day and a night , and the Chops of the Hands or Feetwashe●●●●●with , doth heal them .

Saffron .

THe Herb needs no Description it being known generally where it grows .

Place . ] It grows frequently at Walden in Essex , and in Cambridg-shire .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of the Sun , and under the Lion , Heart strengtheneth Brain . Consumption of the Lungs , Pestilence , small Pox , Measles , Yellow Jaundice . Flegm purgeth . and therefore you need not demand a reason why it strengthens the Heart so exceedingly : Let not above ten grains be given at one time , for if the Sun which is the fountain of Life , may dazle the eyes and make them blind , a Cordial being taken in an immoderat quantity may hurt the Heart instead of helping it . It quickneth the Brain , for the Sun is exalted in ♈ as well as he hath his House in ♌ it help Consumption of the Lungs , help difficulty of Breathing : it is an excellent thing in Epimedical Diseases , as Pestilence smal Pox , and Measles : It is a notable expulsive Medicine , and a notable Remedy for the yellow Jaundice . My own Opinion is , ( but I have no Author for it ) that Hermodactils is nothing else but the Roots of Saffron dried , and my reason is , that the Roots of all Crocus both white and yellow purge Flegm as Hermodactils do , and if you please to dry the Roots of any Crocus , neither your eyes nor your tast shall distinguish it from Hermodactiss .

Sage .

OUr ordinary Garden Sage needeth no Description .

Time . ] It flowreth in or about July .

Government and Vertuee . ] Jupiter claims this , and bid me tell you it is good for the Liver , and to breed good Bloud . A Decoction of the Leavs and Branches of Sage made and drunk , saith Dioscorides provoketh Urine , Provok Urine , Womens Courses , Expel the Dead Child , & Afterbirth , stanch Bleeding Clense Ulcers , & sores , Itching of the Cods Help Conception and hinder Miscarriage , spitting Bloud , Consumption , Pains of the Head & Joynts Fallingsickness Lerhargy , Dulness of spirit , Palsey , Defluxions of Rhewm , Im-Impostume behind the Ears , Hoarsness and Cough , Bloudy Flux , Biting of Serpents , Worms in the Ears , or Sores , Quicken the senses , and help Memory , Sore Mouths and Throats , Cankers , Palsey or Cromp , Stitch in the side . bringeth down Womens Courses , helpeth to expell the dead Chsld , and causeth the hairs to become black ; it stayeth the Bleeding of Wounds , and clenseth foul Ulcers or Sores ; The said Decoction made in Wine taketh away the itching of the Cods if they be bathed therewith . Agrippa saith , That if Women that cannot conceive by reason of the moist slipperiness of their Wombs shall take a quantity of the Juyce of Sage with a little Salt for four dayes before they company with their Hasbands , it will help them not onely to Conceive , but also to retain the Birth without miscarrying . Orpheus saith , Three spoonfuls of the Juyce of Sage taken fasting with a little Honey , doth presently stay the spitting or casting up of Bloud for them that are in a Consumption , these Pills are much commended . Take of Spicknard of Ginger of each two drams ; of the Seed of Sage toasted at the fire , eight drams , of long Pepper twelve drams , all these being brought into fine Pouder , put thereto so much Juyce of Sage as may make them into a Mass for Pills , taking a dram of them every morning fasting , and so likewise at night , drinking a little pure Water after them . Mathyolus saith , it is very profitable for all manner of pains of the Head coming of cold and Rhewmatick Humors , as also for all pains of the Joynts , whether inwardly or outwardly , and therefore helpeth the Fallingsickness , the Lethargy , such as are dull and heavy of Spirit , the Palsey , and is of much use in all Defluxions of Rhewm from the Head , and for the Diseases of the Chest or Breast . The Leavs of Sage and Nettles bruised together , and laid upon the Impostume that riseth behind the Ears , doth asswage it much : The Juyce of Sage taken in warm Water , helpeth a Hoarsnesse and the Cough . The Leavs sodden in Wine and laid upon the place affected with the Palsey helpeth much , if the Decoction be drunk also . Sage taken with Wormwood is good for the Bloody Flux . Pliny saith , it procureth Womens Courses , and stayeth them coming down too fast , helpeth the stinging and biting of Serpents , and killeth the Worms that breed in the Ears and in Sores . Sage is of excellent use to help the Memory , warming and quickntng the senses ; and the Conserve made of the Flowers is used to the same purpose , and also for all the former recited Diseases . The Juyce of Sage drunk with Vinegar hath been of good use in the time of Plague at all times . Gargles likewise are made with Sage , Rosemary , Honey succles , and Plantane boyled in Wine or Water , with some Honey or Allum put thereto , to wash sore Mouths and Throats , Cankers , or the secret parts of Man or Woman as need requireth . And with other hot and comfortable Herbs . Sage is boyled to bath the Body and Legs in the Summer time , especially to warm cold Joynts or Sinews troubled with the Palsey or Cramp , and to comfort or strengthen the parts . It is much commended against the Stitch or pains in the side coming of Wind , if the place be fomented warm with the Decoction therof in Wine , and the Herb also after the boyling be laid warm also thereunto .

Wood-Sage .

Descript. ] Wood-Sage riseth up with square hoary Stalks two foot high at the least , with two Leavs set at every Joynt , somwhat like other Sage Leavs , but smaller , softer , whiter and rounder , and a little dented about the edges , and smelling somwhat stronger . At the the tops of the Stalks and Branches stand the Flowers on a slender long Spike , turning themselves all one way when they blow , and are of a pale and whitish colour ; smaller than Sage , but hooded and gaping like unto them : The Seed is blackish and round , four usually set in a husk together : The Root is long and stringy , with divers Fibres thereat , and abideth many years .

Place . ] It groweth in Woods , and by Wood-sides , as also in divers Fields and by-Lanes in this Land .

Time . ] It Flowreth in June , July , and August .

Government and Vertues . ] The Herb is under Venus . The Decoction of Wood-Sage grovoketh Urine and Womens Courses : Provoks Urine and Womens Courses , and sweat , Swellings in the flesh , French Pox , Vein broken , burstenness Palsey , Ulcers & Sores , Green Wounds . it also provoketh Sweat , digesteth Humors and discusseth Swellings , and Nodes in the flesh , and is therefore thought to be good against the French Pox . The Decoction of the green Herb made with Wine is a safe and sure Remedy for those who by falls , bruises or Blows , doubt some Vein to be inwardly broken , to disperse and avoid the congealed bloud , and to consolidate the Vein ; It is also good for such as are inwardly or outwardly bursten , the drink used inwardly and the Herb applyed outwardly : The same used in the same manner is found to be a sure Remedy for the Palsey : The Juyce of the Herb , or the Pouder thereof dried , is good for moist Ulcers and Sores in the Legs or other parts to dry them , and cause them to heal more speedily : It is no lesse effectual also in green Wounds to be used upon any occasion .

Solomons Seal .

Descript. ] THe common Solomons Seal riseth up with a round Stalk about half a yard high , bowing or bending down to the top , set with single Leavs one above another , somwhat large and like the Leavs of the Lilly-Convalley , or May Lilly , with an eye of blewish upon the green , with some ribs therein , and more yellowish underneath . At the foot of every Leaf almost from the bottom up to the top of the Stalk come forth small long white and hollow pendulous Flowers , somwhat like the Flowers of May-Lilly , but ending in five long points , for the most part two together at the end of a long Footstalk , and sometimes but one , and somtimes also two Stalks with Flowers at the Foot of a leaf , which are without any scent at all , and stand all on one side of the Stalk : After they are past come in their places small round Berries , green at the first and blackish green , tending to blewness when they are ripe , wherein lye small white hard and stony Seed : The Root is of the thicknesse of ones finger or Thumb , white and knobbed in some places , with a flat round circle representing a Seal , wherof it took the name lying along under the upper crust of the earth , and not growing downward , but with many Fibres underneath .

Place . ] It is frequent in diverse places of this Land , as namely in a Wood two miles from Canterbury , by Fish-Pool Hill : as also in a bushy Close belonging to the Personage of Alderbury near Clarindon , two miles from Salisbury , in Chesson Wood , on Chesson Hlll , between Newington and Sittingburn in Kent , and in diverse other places , in Essex and other Counties .

Time . ] It Flowreth about May : The Root abideth and shooteth anew every year .

Government and Vertues . ] Saturn owns the Plant , for he loves his Bones wel . The Root of Solomons Seal is found by experience to be available in Wounds , Wounds and sores , Vomiting and bleeding , Fluxes , Running of the Reins , knit Joynts , & broken Bones in Man and Beast , Ruptures , Bruises and fals , black and blue Marks , Beautifie the Face . Hurts , and outward Sores , to heal and close up the Lips of those that are green , and to dry up and restrain the Flux of Humors to those that are old : It is singular good to stay Vomitings and Bleedings wheresoever , as also al Fluxes in man or woman , whether the Whites or Reds in Women , or the running of the Reins in Men ; also to knit any Joynt , which by weakness useth to be often out of place , or wil not stay in long , when it is set : also to knit and joyn broken bones in any part of the Body , the Roots being bruised and applied to the place ; yea , it hath been found by late experience , that the Decoction of the Root in Wine , or the bruised Root put in Wine or other drink , and after a nights infusion strained forth hard and drunk , hath holpen both Man and Beast whose Bones have been broken by any occasion , which is the most assured refuge of help to people of divers Countries of this Land , that they can have : It is no less effectual to help Ruptures and Burstings , the Decoction in Wine , or the Pouder in Broth or Drink being inwardly taken and outwardly applied to the place : The same is also available for inward or outward Bruises , Fals , or Blows , both to dispel the congealed Blood , and to take away both the pains and the black and blue Marks that abide after the hurt . The same also , or the distilled Water of the whol Plant used to the Face or other part of the Skin , clenseth it from Morphew , Freckles , Spots , or Marks whatsoever , leaving the place fresh , fair , and Lovely , for which purpose it is much used by the Italian Dames .

Sampire .

Descript. ] ROck Sampire groweth up with a tender green Stalk about half a yard or two foot high at the most , branching forth almost from the very bottom , and stored with sundry thick , and almost round , somwhat long Leavs , of a deep green color , somtimes three together , and somtimes more on a Stalk , and are sappy , and of a pleasant , hot , or spicy tast : At the tops of the Stalk and Branches , stand Umbels of white Flowers , and after them come large Seed bigger than Fennel Seed , yet somwhat alike . The Root is great , white , and long , continuing many yeers , and is of an hot spicy tast likewise .

Place . ] It groweth on the Rocks that are often moistened at the least , if not overflown with the Sea water .

Time . ] And it Flowreth and Seedeth in the end of July and August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Jupiter , and was in former times wont to be used more than now it is , the more is the pity ; it is wel known almost to every Body , Helps digestion , Opens Obstructions , provokes urin Expel gravel and the stone . That il digestion and obstructions are the causes of most of the diseases which the frail Nature of Man is subject to , both which might be remedied by a more frequent use of this Herb . If people would have Sawce to their Meat , they may take some for profit as wel as for pleasure . It is a safe Herb , very pleasant both to the tast and Stomach , helping digestion , and in some sort opening the Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , provoking Urine , and helping thereby to wash away the Gravel and Stone ingendred in the Kidneys or Bladder .

Sanicle .

Descript. ] ORdinary Sanicle sendeth forth many great round Leavs standing upon long brownish Stalks , every one somwhat deeply cut or divided into five or six parts , and some of those also cut in , somwhat like the Leaf of a Crow-foot or Doves-foot , and finely dented about the edges , smooth , and of a dark green shining color , and somtimes reddish about the Brims , from among which riseth up smal round green Stalks , without any joynt or Leaf thereon , saving at the top , where it brancheth forth into Flowers , having a Leaf divided into three or four parts at that joynt with the Flowers , which are smal and white , starting out of smal round greenish yellow heads , many standing together in a tuft ; in which afterward are the Seeds contained , which are smal round rough Burs , somwhat like the Seeds of Cleavers , and stick in the same manner upon any thing that they touch : The Root is composed of many black strings of fibres set together , at a little long head , which abideth with the green Leavs al the Winter and perish not .

Place . ] It is found in many shadowy Woods , and other places of this Land .

Time . ] It Flowreth in June , and the Seed is ripe shortly after .

Government and Vertues . ] This is one of Venus her Herbs to cure either Wounds , or what other mischtef Mars inflicteih upon the Body of Man . It is exceeding good to heal al green Wounds speedily ; or any Ulcers , Impostumes , or Bleedings inwardly : It doth wonderfully help those that have any Tumors in any part of their Bodies , Green Wounds , Ulcers , Impostumes , inward bleedings , swellings , Ulcers in the Mouth , Throat , & privities , Womens Courses , Fluxes of Blood , Lasks , Ulcers in the Kidneys , Running of the Reins , Rupture . for it represseth and dissipateth the Humors , if the Decoction or Juyce thereof be taken , or the Pouder in drink , and the Juyce used outwardly ; for there is not found any Herb that can give you such present help either to Man or Beast when the Disease falleth upon the Lungs or Throat , and to heal up al the putrid malignant Ulcers in the Mouth , Throat , and Privities , by gargling or washing with the Decoction of the Leavs and Root , made in Water , and a little Honey put thereto . It helpeth to stay Womens Courses , and al other Fluxes of Blood either by the Mouth , Urine , or Stool , and Lasks of the Belly , the Ulceration of the Kidneys also , and the pains in the Bowels , and the Gonorrhea or running of the Reins , being boyled in Wine or Water , and drunk : The same also is no less powerful to help any Ruptures or Burstings , used both inwardly and outwardly ; and briefly , it is effectual in binding , restraining , consolidating , heating , drying , and healing ; as Comfry , Bugle , Self-heal , or any other of the Consounds , or Vulnerary Herbs whatsoever .

Sarasens Consound , or Sarasens Wound-wort .

Descript. ] THis groweth very high somtimes with brownish Stalks , and other whiles with green and hollow to a mans height , having many long and narrow green Leavs snip'd about the edges , somwhat like those of the Peach-Tree , or Willow Leavs , but not of such a white green color : The tops of the Stalks are furnished with many pale yellow Starlike Flowers standing in green heads , which when they are fallen , and the Seed ripe , which is somwhat long , smal , and of a yellowish brown color wrapped in Down , is therewith carried away with the wind : The Root is composed of many strings or fibres , set together at a head , which perish not in Winter , but abide , although the Stalks dry away , and no Leaf appeareth in Winter . The tast hereof is strong and unpleasant , and so is the smel also .

Place . ] It groweth in moist and wet Grounds by Wood sides , and somtimes in the moist places of the shady Groves , as also by the Water side .

Time . ] It flowreth in July , and the Seed is soon ripe , and carried away with the wind .

Government and Vertues . ] Saturn owns this Herb , and 't is of a sober condition like him . Among the Germans , this Wound-Herb is preferred before al others of the same quality . Being boyled in Wine and drunk , Obstructions , yell . Jaundice , Drepsie , Ulcers of the Reins , inward wounds and Bruises , Pains in the Body , Mother , Agues , green wounds , Old sores or ulcers , Ulcers in the Mouth or throat , sores in the privy parts . it helpeth the indisposition of the Liver , and freeth the Gal from Obstructions , whereby it is good for the yellow Jaundice , and for the Dropsie in the beginning of it , for al inward Ulcers of the Reins , or elswhere , and inward Wounds and Bruises : And being steeped in Wine and then distilled , the Water thereof drunk is singular good to eas al gnawings in the Stomach , or other pains of the Body , as also the pains of the Mother : And being boyled in Water it helpeth continual Agues ; and this said Water , or the simple Water of the Herb distilled , or the Juyce , or Decoction , are very effectual to heal any green Wound , or old Sore , or Ulcer whatsoever , clensing them from corruption , and quickly healing them up : It is no less effectual for the Ulcers in the Mouth or Throat , be they never so foul or stinking , by washing and gargling them therewith ; and likewise for such sores as happen in the privy parts of Man or Woman : Briefly , whatsoever hath been said of Bugle or Sanicle , may be found herein .

Sawce alone , or Jack by the Hedge .

Descript. ] THe lower Leavs of this are rounder than those that grow towards the tops of the stalks , and are set singly one at a joynt , being somwhat round and broad , and pointed at the ends , dented also about the edges , somwhat resembling Nettle-leavs for the form , but of a fresher green colour , and not rough or pricking : The Flowers are very smal and white , growing at the tops of the Stalks one above another , which being past , there follow smal and long round Pods , wherin are contained , smal round seed , somwhat blackish . The Root is stringy and thriddy , perishing every year after it hath given seed , and raiseth it self again of its own sowing . The Plant , or any part therof being bruised , smelleth of Garlick , but more pleasantly , and tasteth somwhat hot and sharp , almost like unto Rocket .

Place . ] It groweth under Walls , and by Hedg-sides , and Pathwaies in Fields , in many places .

Time . ] It Flowreth in June , July , and August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Mercury . This is eaten by many Country people as Sawce to their Salt-fish , Helps digestion , Cough , Tough Flegm , Wind-Chollick , Stone Ulcers in the Legs . and helpeth wel to digest the Crudities and other corrupt Humors ingendered therby ; it warmeth also the Stomach , and causeth digestion : The Juyce therof boyled with Honey , is accounted to be as good as hedg-Muster for the Cough , to cut and expectorate the tough flegm . The Seed bruised and boyled in Wine , is a singular good Remedy for the Wind Chollick , or the Stone , being drunk warm : It is also given to Women troubled with the Mother , both to drink , and the Seed put into a Cloth and applied while it is warm is of singular good use . The Leavs also or Seed boyled , is good to be used in Clysters to ease the pains of the Stone . The green Leavs are held to be good to heal the Ulcers in the Legs .

Winter , and Summer Savory .

BOth these are so wel known ( being entertained as constant inhabitants in our Gardens ) that they need no Description .

Government and Vertues . ] Mercury claims the Dominion over this herb , neither is there a better Remedy against the Chollick and Illiack passions than this Herb ; keep it dry by you al the year if you Love your selves , Chollick , illiack passion , Expelleth Wind , Mother , provokes Urine , & Womens Courses . Tough flegm , Lethargy , Dull sight , Singing in the Ears , & deafness , sciatica , and Palsey , stinging of Bees &c. and your ease , as 't is an hundred pound to a penny if you do not : keep it dry , make Conservs and Syrups of it for your use ; and withal , take notice that the Summer kind is the best . They are both of them hot and dry , especially the Summer kind , which is both sharp and quick in tast , expelling Wind in the Stomach and Bowels , and is a present help for the rising of the Mother procured by Wind , provoketh Urine and Womens Courses , and is much commended for Women with Child to take inwardly , and to smel often unto . It cutteth tough Flegm in the Chest and Lungs , and helpeth to expectorate it the more easily : It quickneth the dul Spirits in the Lethargy , the Juyce therof being snuffed , or cast up into the Nostrils : The juyce dropped into the Eyes , cleereth a dul fight , if it proceed of thin cold Humors distilling from the Brain . The juyce heated with a little Oyl of Roses , and dropped into the Ears easeth them of the Noise and Singing in them , and of Deafness also : Outwardly applied with white Flower in manner of a Pultis , it giveth ease to the Sciatica , and Palsey'd Members , heating and warming them : and taketh away their pains . It also taketh away the pain that comes of Stinging by Bees , Wasps , &c.

Savin .

TO describe a Plant so wel known is needless , it being nursed up almost in every Garden , and abiding green al the Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Mars , being hot and dry in the third degree , and being of exceeding clean parts ; Ulcers clenseth , Fistulaes , Carbuncles , plaguesores , Kings Evil , Worms , scabs , Itch , running sores , Cankers , Tetters , Ringworms , Venerial sores . is of a very digesting quality : If you dry the Herb into pouder , and mix it with honey , it is an excellent Remedy to clense old filthy Ulcers , and Fistulaes ; but it hinders them from healing . The same is excellent good to break Carbuncles and Plague-sores , also helpeth the Kings-Evil , being applied to the place : being spread upon a piece of Leather and applied to the Navel , kils the Worms in the Belly ; helps Scabs and the Itch , running Sores , Cankers , Tetters , and Ringworms ; and being applied to the place , may happily cure Venerial Sores . This I thought good to speak of it , as it may safely be used outwardly ; for inwardly it cannot be taken , without manifest danger .

The common white Saxifrage .

Descript. ] THis hath a few smal reddish Kernels of Roots , covered with some skins lying among divers smal blackish fibres , which send forth divers round , faint , or yellowish green Leavs , and grayish underneath , lying above the ground unevenly dented about the edges , and somwhat hairy , every one upon a little footstalk , from whence riseth up a round brownish hairy green stalk , two or three foot high , with a few such like round Leavs as grow below , but smaller , and somwhat branched at the top , wheron stand pretty large white Flowers of five Leavs apiece , with some yellow thrids in the middle , standing in long crested brownish green husks : After the Flowers are past , there ariseth somtimes a round hard head by , forked at the top , wherin is contained smal blackish seed , but usually they fal away without any seed ; and it is the Kernels or Grains of the Root which are usually called the White Saxifrage seed , and so used .

Place . ] It groweth in many places of our Land , as wel in the lower moist , as in the upper dry corners of Meadows , and grassy sandy places ; It used to grow neer Lambs Conduit , on the back-side of Grayes-Inn .

Time . ] It flowreth in May , and is then gathered as wel for that which is called the Seed , as to distil , for it quickly perisheth down to the ground when any hot weather comes .

Goverment and Vertues . ] It is very effectual to clense the Reins and Bladder , and to dissolve the Stone ingendered in them , and to expel it and the Gravel by Urine , Clenseth the Reins , Stone , Gravel , provoke Urine , Womens Courses , Tough Flegm . to provoke Urine also being stopped , and to help the Strangury : for which purposes the Decoction of the Herb or Roots in white Wine , or the Pouder of the smal kernelly Root , which is called the Seed , taken in white Wine , or in the same Decoction made with white Wine , is most usual . The Distilled Water of the whole Herb , Roots , and Flowers , is most familiar to be taken : It provoketh also Womens Courses , and freeth and clenseth the Stomach and Lungs from thick and tough Flegm that troubles them . There is not many better Medicines to break the Stone , than this .

Burnet Saxifrage .

Descript. ] THe greater sort of our English Burnet Saxifrage groweth up with divers long stalks of winged Leavs , set directly opposite one to another on both sides , each being somwhat broad , and a little pointed and dented about the edges , of a sad green colour . At the tops of the stalks stand umbels of white Flowers , after which comes smal and blackish Seed : The Root is long and whitish , abiding long . Our lesser Burnet Saxifrage hath much finer Leavs than the former , and very sm●l , and set one against another , deeply jagged about the edges , and of the same colour as the former . The Umbels of Flowers are white , and the Seed very smal , and so is the Root , being also somwhat hot and quick in tast .

Place . ] These grow in most Meadows of this Land , and are easie to be found , being wel sought for among the grass , wherin many times they lie hid scarcely to be discern'd .

Time . ] They flower about July , and their seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] They are both of them Herbs of the Moon . These Saxifrages are as hot as Pepper ; and Tragus saith by his experience , Provoke Urine , Ease wind & Chollick , Mother , Womens Courses , Stone , tough Flegm , Venom , Cramps & Convulsions Wounds in the Head , Freckles and spots . They are more wholsom : They have the same prope ties that the Parsleys have , but in provoking Urine , and easing the pains therof , or of the Wind and Chollick , are much more effectual : The Roots or Seed being used either in Pouder , or in Decoction , or any other way ; and likewise helpeth the windy pains of the Mother , and to procure their Courses , to break and avoid the stone in the Kidneys , to digest cold , viscuous , and tough Flegm in the Stomach , and is a most especial Remedy against al kind of Venom . Castoreum being boyled in the Distilled Water hereof , is singular good to be given to those that are troubled with Cramps and Convulsions : some do use to make the seed into Comfits ( as they do Caraway Seed ) which is effectual to al the purposes aforesaid , The Juyce of the Herb dropped into the most grievous Wounds of the Head , drieth up their moisture and healeth them quickly . Some Women use the distilled Water , to take away Freckles or Spots in the Skin or Face : and to drink the same sweetned with Sugar for all the purposes aforesaid .

Scabious , three sorts .

Descript. ] THe common Field Scabious groweth up with many hairy soft whitish green Leavs , some whereof are but very little ; if at all jagged on the edges , others very much rent and torn on the sides , and have threds in them , which upon the breaking may be plainly seen : from among which rise up diverse hairy green Stalks three or four foot high , with such like hairy green Leavs on them , but more deeply and finely divided , branched forth a little : At the tops hereof which are naked and bare of Leavs for a good space , stand round Heads of Flowers , of a pale blewish colour , set together in a head , the outermost wherof are larger than the inward , with many threds also in the middle , somwhat flat at the top , as the Head with Seed is likewise : The Root is great , white , and thick , growing down deep in the ground , and abideth many years .

There is another sort of Field Scabious , different in nothing from the former , but onely it is smaller in all respects .

The Corn Scabius , differeth little from the first , but that it is greater in all respects , and the Flowers more declining to Purple : And the Root creepeth under the upper crust of the Earth , and runneth not deep in the ground as the first doth .

Place . ] The first groweth most usually in Meadows , especially about London every where .

The second in some of the dry Fields about this City , but not so plentifull as the former .

The third , in the standing Corn , or Fallow Fields , and the borders of such like Fields .

Time . ] They Flower in June and July , and some abide Flowering until it be late in August , and the Seed is ripe in the mean time .

There are many other sorts of Scabious , but I take those which I have here described to be most familiar with us ; The vertues both of these and the rest being much alike , take them as followeth .

Government and Vertues . ] Mercury owns the Plant . Scabious is very effectual for all sorts of Cough , Cough & short , ness of Breath , Cold Flegm , Inward Ulcers and Impostums Plurisie , Infection , Carbuncle or Plague Sores ; pains or stitches in the side ; Scabs , Tetters , Ringworms , Itch , inward Wounds , Cold swellings , shrunk Sinews , Frecles and Pimples Morphew & Leprosie , Dandriff & Scurf , Green Wounds , Old sores & Ulcers splinters , thorns and broken Bones , &c. shortnesse of Breath , and all other Diseases of the Breast and Lungs , ripening and digesting cold Flegm , and other tough Humors , voiding them forth by Coughing and spitting : It ripeneth also all sorts of inward Ulcers & Impostumes , the Plurisie also , if the Decoction of the Herb dry or green be made in Wine , & drunk for some time together : four ounces of the clarified Juyce of Scabious taken in the morning fasting , with a dram of Methridate , or Venice Treacle , freeth the Heart from any Infection of Pestilence , if after the taking of it , the party sweat two hours in their Beds ; and this Medicine be again and again repeated if need require : The green Herb bruised and applyed to any Carbuncle or Plague sore , is found by certain experience to dissolve or break it in three hours space . The same Decoction also drunk , helpeth the pains and Stitches in the sides . The Decoction of the Roots taken for fourty dayes together , or a dram of the Pouder of them taken at a time in Whey , doth ( as Mathiolus saith ) wonderfully help those that are troubled with running or spreading Scabs , tetters , or Ringworms , yea though they proceed of the French Pox , which he saith he hath tryed by experience : The Juyce or Decoction drunk , helpeth also Scabs and breakings out in Itch and the like : The Juyce also made up into an Oyntment and used , is effectuall for the same purpose . The same also helpeth all inward Wounds by the drying , clensing and healing quality therein : A Syrup made of the Juyce and Sugar is very effectuall to all the purposes aforesaid , and so is the distilled water of the Herb and Flowers made in due season ; especially to be used when the green Herb is not in force to be taken . The Decoction of the Herb and Roots outwardly applyed , doth wonderfully help all sorts of hard or cold Swellings in any part of the Body ; and is as effectuall for any shrunk Sinew or Vein . The Juyce of Scabious made up with the Pouder of Borax and Camphire , clenseth the skin of the Face or other part of the Body , not only from Freckles and Pimples , but also from Morphew and Leprosie . The Head washed with the same Decoction , clenseth it from Dandrif , Scurf , Sores Itches , and the like , being used warm . Tents also dipped in the Juyce or Water thereof , not onely healeth all green Wounds , but old Sores and Ulcers also : The Herb also bruised and applied doth in short time loosen , and cause to be drawn forth any Splinter , broken bone , Arrow-head , or other such like thing lying in the Flesh .

Scurvy-grass .

Descript. ] OUR ordinary English Scurvy-grass hath many thick fat Leavs , more long than broad , and sometimes longer and narrower , sometimes also smooth on the edges , and somtimes a little waved somtimes plain , smooth , and pointed , somtimes a little hollow in the middle and round pointed , of a sad green , and somtimes blewish colour , every one standing by it self upon a long Footstalk , which is brownish or greenish also from among which rise small slender Stalks , bearing a few Leavs thereon like the other , but longer and lesser for the most part : At the tops wherof grow many whitish Flowers , with yellow threds in the middle , standing about a green Head which becometh the Seed Vessel , which will be somwhat flat when it is ripe , wherein is contained reddish Seed tasting somwhat hot : The Root is made of many white strings , which stick deeply in the mud , wherin it chiefly delighteth : yet it will well abide in the more upland and dryer grounds , and tasteth a little brackish or Salt , even there , but not so much as where it hath the Salt water to feed upon .

Place . ] It groweth all along the Thames side , both on the Essex and Kentish Shoars , from Woolwich round about the Sea Coasts to Dover , Portsmouth , and even to Bristoll , where it is had in plenty : the other with round Leavs groweth in the Marshes in Holland in Lincolnshire , and other places of Lincolnshire by the Sea side .

Descript. ] There is also another sort called Dutch Scurvy-grass , which is most known and frequent in Gardens , which hath diverse fresh green , and almost round Leavs rising from the Root , nothing so thick as the former , yet in some rich ground very large , even twice so big as in others , not dented about the edges , nor hollow in the middle , every one standing on a long Footstalk : from among these rise up diverse long slender weak Stalks , higher than the former , and with more white Flowers at the tops of them , which turn into smaller pods , and smaller brownish Seed than the former : The Root is white , smal , and threddy : The tast of this is nothing Salt at all , but hath an hot Aromatical spicy tast .

Time . ] It Flowreth in April or May , and give their Seed ripe quickly after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Jupiter . The English Scurvy-grasse is more used for the Salt taste it beareth , which doth somwhat open and clense , but the Dutch Scurvy-grasse is of better effect , and chiefly used ( if it may be had ) by those that have the Scurvey , especially to purge and clense the bloud , the Liver and the Spleen , for all which Diseases it is of singular good effect , Scurvy , Liver and Spleen . by taking the juice in the Spring evry morning fasting in a cup of drink : The Decoction is good for the same purpose , and the Herb tunned up in new Drink , Flegmatick humors foul Ulcere , and Sore Morths , Spots , & Scars in the Skin . either by it self or with other things , for it openeth Obstructions , evacuateth cold clammy and Flegmatick Humors both from the Liver and the Spleen , wasting and consuming both the swelling and hardnesse thereof , and thereby bringing to the body a more lively colour . The Juyce also helpeth all foul Ulcers and Sores in the Mouth , if it be often gargled therewith ; and used outwardly , clenseth the Skin from Spots , marks , or Scars that happen therein .

Self-heal .

It is also called Prunell , Carpenters Herb , Hook-heal , and Sicklewort .

Descript. ] THe common Self-heal is a small low creeping Herb , having many smal roundish pointed Leavs somwhat like the Leavs of Wild Mints , of a dark green colour , without any dents on the edges , from among which rise divers square hairy Stalks scarce a foot high , which spread somtimes into Branches with diverse such small Leavs set theron , up to the tops , where stand brown spiked Heads , of many small brownish Leavs like scales and Flowers set together , almost like the Head of Cassidony , which Flowers are gaping , and of a blewish purple , ar more pale blew , in some places sweet , but not so in others : The Root consists of many strings or fibres downward , and spreadeth strings also whereby it encreaseth : The small Stalks with the Leavs creeping upon the ground , shoot forth Fibres taking hold of the ground , whereby it is made a great tuft in short time .

Place . ] It is found in Woods and Fields every where .

Time . ] It Flowreth in May , and sometimes in April .

Government and Vertues . ] Here is another Herb of Venus , Self-heal , whereby when you are hurt you may heal your self , 't is indeed a special Herb for inward and outward wounds , take it inwardly in Syrups for inward Wounds , outwardly in Unguents and Plaisters for outward . As Self-heal is like Bugle in form , so also in the Qualities and Vertues serving for all the purposes wherto Bugle is applyed with good successe either inwardly or outwardly , Inward Wounds and Ulcers , Bruises . for inward Wounds or Ulcers whersoever within the Body , for Bruises and Falls , and such like hurts ; if it be accompanied with Bugle , Sanicle , and other the like Wound Herbs it wil be the more effectual , Flux of Blood , Foul Sores , Green wounds , Headach , sores in the Mouth or Throat and secret parts . and to wash or inject into Ulcers in the parts outwardly where there is cause to repress the heat and sharpnesse of Humors flowing to any fore Ulcer , Inflamation , Swelling or the like , or to stay the Flux of blood in any Wound or Pa●t , this is used with good success , as also to clense the foulness of sores , and cause them more speedily to be healed , It is an especiall Remedy for all green Wounds to sodder the lips of them , and to keep the place from any further Inconveniences : The Juyce hereof used with Oyl of Roses to anoint the Temples and Forehead , is very effectual to remove the Headach : and the same mixed with Honey of Roses , clenseth and healeth all Ulcers in the Mouth and Throat , and those also in the secret parts . And the Proverb of the Germans , French , and others is verified in this , That he needeth neith●r Physitian nor Chyrurgion , that hath Self heal and Sanicle to help himself .

The Service-tree .

IT is so well known in the places where it grows that it needeth no Description .

Time . ] It Flowreth before the end of May , and the Fruit is ripe in October .

Government and Vertues . ] Services when they are mellow are fit to be taken to stay Fluxes ,

Fluxes , Scowrings and Castings .

Bleeding of Wounds or at Mouth & Nose

Scowring , and Castings , yet less than Medlars : if they be dryed before they be mellow , and kept all the year , they may be used in Decoction for the said purpose , either to drink , or to bath the parts requiring it : and is profitably used in that manner to stay the bleeding of Wounds , and at the Mouth or Nose , to be applied to the Fore-head , and Nape of the Neck : and is under the Dominion of Saturn .

Shepheards-Purse .

IT is also called Whoremans-Parmacitty , Shepheards-Scrip , Shepheards-Pouch , Toy-wort , Pick-purse , and Case-weed .

Descript. ] The Root is smal , white , and perisheth every yeer : The Leavs are smal and long , of a pale green color , and deeply cut on both sides : Amongst which springeth up a Stalk which is smal and round , containing smal Leavs upon it even to the top : The Flowers are white , and very smal : After which come the little cases which hold the Seed , which are flat , almost in the form of a Heart .

Place . ] They are frequent in this Nation , almost by every Paths side .

Time . ] They flower al the Summer long , nay , some of them are so fruitful , that they flower twice a year .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Saturn , Stop fluxes , flux of the belly , spitting and pissing Blood , Terms stops , yell . Jaundice , pains , noise , & matterings in the Ears , Wounds . and of a cold , dry , and binding Nature like to him . It stops al fluxes of Blood either caused by inward or outward Wounds ; as also flux of the Belly and Bloody Flux , spitting and pissing of Blood , stops the Terms in Women being bound to the Wrests of the Hands , and the Soals of the Feet , it helps the yellow Jaundice : The Herb being made into a Pultiss helps Inflamations , and St. Anthonies fire ; the Juyce being dropped into the Ears , helps the pains , noises , and matterings thereof . A good Oyntment may be made of it for al Wounds , especially Wounds in the Head .

Smallage .

THis also is very wel known , and therfore I shal not trouble the Reader with any Description thereof .

Place . ] It groweth naturally in wet and Marsh Grounds , but if it be sown in Gardens , it there prospereth very wel .

Time . ] It abideth green al the Winter , and Seedeth in August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Mercury . Smallage is hotter , dryer , and much more Medicinable than Parsly , for it much more openeth obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , rarifieth thick Flegm , Liver & spleen Urine and Womens Courses , yell . Jaundice , Agues , Sore Mouths and Throats , Ulcers and Cankers , Wind , Worms , stinking breath . and clenseth it and the Blood withal . It provoketh Urine and Womens Courses , and is singular good against the yellow Jaundice : It is very effectual against Tertian and Quartan Agues , if the Juyce thereof be taken ; but especially made into a Syrup . The Juyce also put to Honey of Roses , and Barley Water , is very good to gargle the Mouth and Throat of those that have Sores and Ulcers in them , and wil quickly heal them : The same Lotion also clenseth and healeth al other foul Ulcers and Cankers elswhere if they be washed therwith . The Seed is especially used to break and expel wind , to kil Worms , and to help a stinking breath . The Root is effectual to al the purposes aforesaid , and is held to be stronger in operation than the Herb , but especially to open Obstructions , and to rid away an Ague , if the Juyce thereof be taken in Wine , or the Decoction thereof in Wine be used .

Sope-wort , or Bruise-wort .

Descript. ] THe Root creepeth under ground far and neer , with many joynts therein , of a brown color on the outside and yellowish within , shooting forth in divers places many weak round Stalks , full of joynts , set with two Leavs apiece at every one of them on the contrary side , which are ribbed somwhat like unto Plantane , and fashioned like the common field white Campion Leavs , seldom having any Branches from the sides of the Stalks , but set with divers Flowers at the top standing in long Husks like the wild Campions , made of five Leavs apiece , round at the ends , and a little dented in the middle , of a pale Rose color , almost white , somtimes deeper , and somtimes paler , of a reasonable good scent .

Place . ] It groweth wild in many low and wet grounds of this Land , by the Brooks , and sides of running Waters .

Time . ] I● flowereth usually in July , and so continueth al August , and part of September before they be quite spent .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus owns it . The Country people in divers places do use to bruise the Leavs of Sope-wort , and lay it to their Fingers , Cut Fingers , provokes Urin , Expels Gravel and Stone , Dropsie , French Pox . Hands , or Legs when they are cut , to heal them up again . Some make great boast thereof that it is Diuretical to provoke Urine , and thereby to expel Gravel and the Stone in the Reins or Kidneys : and do also account it singular good to avoid Hydropical Waters thereby to cure the Disease of the Dropsie ; And they no less extol it to perform an absolute cure in the French Pox , more than either Sarsaparilla , Gujacum , or China can do , which how true it is , I leave to others to judg .

Sorrel .

OUr ordinary Sorrel , which groweth in Gardens , and also wild in the Fields , is so wel known that it needeth no Description .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of Venus . Sorrel is prevalent in al hot Diseases , to cool any Inflamation and heat of Blood in Agues Pestilential or Chollerick , Cooleth Inflamations , and heat of Blood , Agues , Quench thirst , provoke Appetite , Kill Worms , Womens Courses , fluxes , Poyson , Jaundice , Inward Ulcers , Itch , Teteers and Ringworms , Kernels in the Throat , Sore Mouth , Impostume , Boyl or Plague-sore . or other sickness and fainting , rising from heat , and to refresh the overspent Spirits with the violence of furious or fiery fits of Agues , to quench thirst , and procure an Appetite in fainting or decayed Stomachs : for it resisteth the putrefaction of the Blood , killeth Worms , and is as a Cordial to the Heart , which the Seed doth more effectually being more drying and binding , and thereby stayeth the hot Fluxes of Womens Courses , or of Humors in the bloody flux , or flux of the Stomach . The Roots also in a Decoction , or in Pouder , is effectual for al the said purposes . Both Roots and Seed as wel as the Herb is held powerful to resist the poyson of the Scorpion . The Decoction of the Roots is taken to help the Jaundice , and to expel Gravel and the Stone in the Reins or Kidneys The Decoction of the Flowers made with Wine and drunk helpeth the black Jaundice , as also the inward Ulcers of the Body or Bowels . A Syrup made with the Juyce of Sorrel and Fumitory is a Soveraign help to kil those sharp humors that cause the Itch. The Juyce thereof with a little Vinegar serveth wel to be used outwardly for the same cause , and is also profitable for Tetters , Ringworms , &c. It helpeth also to discuss the Kernels in the Throat , and the Juyce gargled in the Mouth , helpeth the Sores therein . The Leavs wrapped up in a Colewort Leaf , and roasted under the Embers , and applied to a hard Impostume , Botch , Boyl , or Plague-sore , both ripeneth and breaketh it . The Distilled Water of the Herb is of much good use for al the purposes aforesaid .

Wood Sorrel .

Descript. ] THis groweth low upon the Ground , having a number of Leavs coming from the Root , made of three Leavs like a Trefoyl but broad at the ends and cut in the middle , of a faint yellowish green color , every one standing on a long Footstalk , which at their first coming up are close folded together to the Stalk , but opening themselves afterwards , and are of a fine sowr rellish , and yeilding a Juyce which wil turn red when it is clarified , and maketh a most dainty cleer Syrup : Among these Leavs riseth up divers slender weak Footstalks , with every one of them a Flower at the top , consisting of five smal pointed Leavs star fashion , of a white color in most places , and in some dash'd over with a smal shew of blush , on the back side only : After the Flowers are past , follow smal round heads , with smal yellowish Seed in them : The Roots are nothing but smal strings fastned to the end of a smal long piece , al of them being of a yellowish color .

Place . ] It groweth in many places of our Land , in Woods and Wood sides , where they be moist and shadowed , and in other places , not too much open to the Sun.

Time . ] It flowereth in April and May .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus owns it . Wood-Sorrel serveth to al the purposes that the other Sorrels do , and is more effectual in hindring the putrefaction of Blood , Ulcers , Inflamations , procure Appetite , stay Vomiting , Pestilential Feavers , hot swellings , canker or Ulcer in the Mouth , Wounds , or scabs , defluxions . & ulcers in the Mouth and Body , and in cooling & tempering heats & inflamations , to quench thirst , to strengthen a weak Stomach , to procure an Appetite , to stay Vomiting , and very excellent in any contagious sickness , or Pestilential Feavers . The Syrup made of the Juyce is effectual in al the causes aforesaid , and so is the distilled Water of the Herb also . Spunges or Linnen Cloathes wet in the Juyce and applied outwardly to any hot Swellings or Inflamations , doth much cool and help them : The same Juyce taken and gargled in the Mouth , and after it is spit forth , fresh taken , doth wonderfully help a foul stinking Canker or Ulcer therein . It is singular good in Wounds , Thrusts , and Stabs in the Body , to stay bleeding , and to clense and heal the Wounds speedily ; and helpeth to stay any hot defluxions into the Throat or Lungs .

Sow-Thistles .

SOw-Thistles are generally so wel known that they need no Description .

Place . ] They grow in our Gardens and manured Grounds , and somtimes by old Wals , the path sides of Fields and High-waies .

Government and Vertues . ] This and the former are under the influence of Venus . Sow-thistles are cooling and somwhat binding , and are very fit to cool an hot Stomach , Pains and heat of the stomach , short Wind and Wheesing , gravel and stone ; stinking Breath , speedy Delivery , strangury , Milk increased , Deafness & singing in the ears , inflamed Eyes , Wheals & blisters , Hemorrhoids , Cleer the Face . and to eas the gnawing pains thereof : The Herb boyled in Wine is very helpful to stay the dissolutions of the Stomach ; and the Milk that is taken from the Stalks when they are broken , given in drink , is beneficial to those that are short winded , and have a wheesing withal : Pliny saith , That it hath caused the Gravel and Stone to be voided by Urin , and that the eating thereof helpeth a stinking brea●h : Three spoonfuls of the Juyce thereof taken in white Wine warmed , and some Oyl put thereto causeth Women in Travel to have so easie and speedy delivery , that they may be able to walk presently after : The said Juyce taken in warm drink , helpeth the strangury and pains in making water . The Decoction of the Leavs and Stalks , causeth abundance of Milk in Nurses , and their Children to be wel colored , and is good for those whose Milk doth curdle in their Breasts . The juyce boiled or throughly heated with a little Oyl of bitter Almonds in the Pill of a Pomegranate , and dropped into the Ears , is a sure Remedy for Deafness , singings , and al other Diseases in them . The Herb bruised , or the Juyce , is profitably applied to al hot Inflamations in the Eyes , or wheresoever else , and for Wheals , Blisters , or other the like eruptions of heat in the skin ; as also for the heat and itching of the Hemorrhoids , and the heat and sharpness of Humors in the secret Parts of Man or Woman : The distilled Water of the Herb , is not only effectual for al the Diseases aforesaid to be taken inwardly with a little Sugar ( which Medicine the daintiest Stomach wil not refuse ) but outwardly , by applying Cloathes or Spunges wetted therein : It is wonderful good for Women to wash their Faces therewith , to cleer the Skin , and give a lustre thereto .

Southernwood .

SOuthernwood is so wel known to be an ordinary Inhabitant in our Gardens , that I shal not need to trouble you with any Description thereof . The Vertues are as followeth :

Time . ] It flowereth for the most part in July and August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a gallant Mercurial Plant , worthy of more esteem than it hath . Dioscorides saith , That the Seed bruised , heated in warm Water and drunk , helpeth those that are Bursten , Bursten , cramps & convulsions , Sciatica , strangury , womens Courses , poyson , Agues , Inflamed Eyes , pimples , pushes and Wheals , Worms , splinters & thorns , old ulcers , sores in the privities balness , French pox , Stone , spleen and Mother . or troubled with Cramps , or Convulsions of the Sinews , the Sciatica , or difficulty in making water , and bringeth down Womens Courses . The same taken in Wine is an Antidote , or Counter poyson against al deadly Poyson , and driveth away Serpents , and other Venemous Creatures ; as also the smel of the Herb being burnt , doth the same , The Oyl therof anointed on the Back-bone before the Fits of Agues come , taketh them away : It taketh away Inflamations in the Eyes , if it be put with some part of a roasted Quince , and boyled with a few crums of bread and applied . Boyled with Barley Meal it taketh away Pimples , Pushes , or Wheals , that rise in the Face or other part of the Body . The seed as wel as the dried Herb is often given to kil the Worms in Children : The Herb bruised and laid to , helpeth to draw forth splinters and thorns out of the flesh . The Ashes thereof dryeth up and healeth old Ulcers that are without Inflamation , although by the sharpness thereof it biteth sore , and putteth them to sore pains : as also the sores in the privy Parts of Man or Woman . The Ashes mingled with old Sallet Oyl , helpeth those that have their Hair fallen , and are bald , causing the Hair to grow again either on the Head or Beard . Durantes saith , That the Oyl made of Southernwood and put among the Oyntments that are used against the French Disease , is very effectual , and likewise killeth Lice in the Head . The distilled Water of the Herb is said to help them much that are troubled with the stone , as also for the diseases of the spleen and Mother . The Germans commend it for a singular Wound Herb , and therefore cal it Stabwort . It is held by al Writers , Ancient and Modern to be more offensive to the stomach than Wormwood .

Spignel .

Descript. ] THe Roots of common Spignell do spread much and deep in the ground , many strings or branches growing from one Head which is hairy at the top , of a blackish brown colour on the outside and white within , smelling well , and of an Aromaticall taste , from whence rise sundry long stalks of most fine cut Leavs like hairs , smaller then Dill , set thick on both sides of the Stalks , and of a good scent . Among these Leavs rise up round stiff sta●ks , with a few Joynts and Leavs at them , and at the tops an Umbel of fine pure white Flowers , at the edges whereof sometimes will be seen a shew of reddish blush colour , especially before they be full blown and are succeeded by small somewhat round Seed , bigger than the ordinary Fennel , and of a browner colour , divided into two parts , and crested on the back , as most of the Umbelliferous Seeds are .

Place , ] It groweth wild in Lancashire , Yorkshire , and other Northern Countries , and is also planted in Gardens .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Venus . Galen saith , Provoks Urine and Womens Courses , Strangury , pain in the stomach , Mother , Joynt aches ; Tough flegm , Venemous Creatures The Roots of Spignel are available to provoke Urine and Womens Courses , but if too much therof be taken it causeth Headach : The Roots boyled in Wine or Water and drunk , helpeth the Strangury , and stoppings of the Urine , the Winde , Swellings and pains in the Stomach , pains of the Mother , and all Joynt Aches . If the Pouder of the Roots be mixed with Honey , and the same taken as a licking Medicine , it breaketh tough flegm , and drieth up the Rhewm that falleth on the Lungs . The Roots are accounted very effectuall against the stinging or biting of any Venemous Creature , and is one of the Ingredients in Methridate , and other Antidotes for the same .

Spleenwort , or Ceterach .

Descript. ] THe smooth Spleenwort from a black , threddy and bushy Root sendeth forth many long single Leavs , cut in on both sides into round dents , almost to the middle , which is not so hard as that of Pollipody , each division being not alwayes set opposite unto the other , but between each smooth , and of a light green on the upper side , and a dark yellowish roughness on the back , folding or rolling it self inward at the first springing up .

Place . ] It groweth as well upon Stone-walls as moist and and shadowy places about Bristol and other the West parts plentifully ; as also on Framingham Castle , on Beckonsfield Church in Barkshire , at Strowde in Kent and elswhere , and abideth green all the Winter .

Government and Vertues . ] Saturn owns it . It is generally used against infirmities of the Spleen , it helpeth the Strangury , and wasteth the Stone in the Bladder , Spleen strangury , Stone , yellow Jaundice ; Running of the reins Melancholy Diseases . and is good against the yellow Jaundice and the Hiccough ; but the use of it in Women hindereth Conception . Mathiolus saith , That if a dram of the dust that is on the back side of the Leavs , be mixed with half a dram of Amber in Pouder , and taken with the Juyce of Purslane or Plantane , it wil help the running of the Reins speedily , and that the Herb or Root being boyled and taken , helpeth all Melancholick Diseases , and those especially that arise from the French Disease . Camerarius saith , That the Distilled ●ater thereof being drunk is very effectuall against the Stone in the Reins and Bladder : and that the Ly that is made of the Ashes therof being drunk for some time together , helpeth Splenetick persons : It is used in outward Remedies for the same purpose .

Star thistle .

Descript. ] A Common Star-thistle hath diverse long and narrow Leavs lying next the ground , cut or torn on the edges , somwhat deeply , into many almost even parts , soft or a little wooley all over the green among which rise up diverse weak stalks parted into many Branches all lying or leaning down to the ground , that it seemeth a pretty Bush , set with diverse the like divided Leavs up to the tops , where severally do stand long and small whitish green heads , set with sharp and long white pricks ( no part of the Plant being else prickly ) which are somwhat yellowish : out of the middle whereof riseth the Flower composed of many small reddish purple threds ; and in the Heads after the Flowers are past , come small whitish round Seed lying in down as others do . The Root is small , long , and woody , perishing every year , and rising again of its own sowing .

Place . ] It groweth wild in the fields about London in many places , as at Mile-end-green in Finsbury Fields beyond the Wind-mils , and many other places .

Time . ] It Flowreth early , and Seedeth in July , and sometimes in August .

Government and Vertues . ] This , as almost all Thistles are under Mars . Provoks Urine , stone , plague , fistula , french pox , Obstructions , Agues . The Seed of this Star-Thistle made into Pouder and drunk in Wine , provoketh Urine , and helpeth to break the Stone , and drive it forth . The Root in Pouder and given in Wine and drunk , is good against the Plague or Pestilence , and drunk in the mornings fasting for some time together , is very profitable for a Fistula in any part of the Body . Baptista Sardus doth much commend the distilled Water hereof being drunk ; to help the French Disease , to open Obstructions of the Liver , and clense the Bloud from corrupted Humors , and is profitably given against Quotidian or Tertian Agues .

Strawberries .

THese are so well known thorough this Land , that they need no Description .

Time . ] They Flower in May ordinarily , and the Fruit is ripe shortly after .

Government and Vertues . ] Venus owns the Herb . Strawberries when they are green , Cool the Liver , Spleen & Stomach , Quench Thirst , Inflamations , Provoke Urine , stay the Bloudy flux and Womens Courses , panting of the heart Yellow Jaundice , Ulcers sore Mouths or Ulcers in the privities Loosteeth , Catarrhs Defluxions , Inflamed Eyes . pushes and Wheals , Red Face , Deformities in the skin , films over the Eyes . are cold and dry , but when they are ripe they are cold and moist : The Berries are excellent good to cool the Liver , the Bloud and the Spleen , or an hot Cholerick stomach ; to refresh and comfort the fainting spirits , and to quench Thirst : They are good also for other Inflamations , yet it is not amisse to refrain from them in a Feaver , lest by their putrefying in the stomach they encrease the Fits . The Leavs and Roots boiled in Wine and Water and drunk , do likewise cool the Liver and Bloud , and asswage all Inflamations in the Reins and bladder , provoketh Urine , and allayeth the the heat and sharpness thereof : The same also being drunk stayeth the Bloudy Flux , and Womens Courses , and helpeth the swellings of the Spleen . The Water of the Berries carefully distilled is a Soverrign Remedy and Cordiall in the panting and beating of the Heart , and is good for the yellow Jaundice . The Juyce dropped into foul Ulcers , or they washed therewith , or the Decoction of the Herb and Root doth wonderfully clense , and help to cure them . Lotions and Gargles for sore Mouths , or Ulcers therein , or in the privy Parts , or elsewhere , are made with the Leavs and Roots thereof ; which is also good to fasten loose Teeth , and to heal spungy foul Gums : It helpeth also to stay Catarrhs or Defluxions of Rhewm into the Mouth , Throat , Teeth , or Eyes ; The Juyce or Water is singular good for hot and red Inflamed Eyes , if dropped into them , or they bathed therewith ; it is also of excellent property for all Pushes , Wheals , and other breakings forth of hot and sharp humors in the Face and Hands , or other parts of the Body , to bath them therewith ; and to take away any redness in the face or Spots , or other deformities in the skin , and to make it cleer and smooth . Some use this Medicine ; Take so many Strawberries as you shal think fitting , and put them into a Distillatory or Body of Glass fit for them , which being wel closed , set it in a bed of Hors-dung for twelve or fourteen daies , and afterwards distil it carefully and keep it for your use : It is an excellent Water for hot inflamed Eyes , and to take away any film or skin that beginneth to grow over them , and for such other defects in them as may be helped by any outward Medicine .

Succory .

Descript. ] THe Garden Succory hath longer and narrower Leavs than Endive , and more cut in or to●n on the edges , and the Root abideth many years : It beareth also blew Flowers like End●ve , and the Seed is hardly distinguished from the Seed of the smooth or ordinary Endive .

The wild Succory hath diverse long Leavs lying on the ground very much cut in or torn on the edges , on bolh sides even to the middle rib ending in a paint ; sometimes it hath a red Rib down the middle of the Leavs , from among which riseth up a hard , round , woody stalk spreading into many Branches , set with smaller and lesser divided Leaves on them up to the tops where stand the Flowres , which are like the Garden kind as the Seed is also ( only take notice that the Flowers of the Garden kind are gone in on Sunny day , they being to cold that they are not able to endure the Beams of the Sun ; and therefore most delight in the shadow . ) The Root is white , but more hard and woody than the Garden kind : The whole Plant is exceeding bitter .

Place . ] This groweth in many places of our Land , in wast , untilled , and barren Fields . The other , only in Gardens .

Gevernment and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Jupiter . Garden Succory as it is more dry , and less cold than Endive , so it openeth more . Chollerick , and flegmatick Humors , obstructions , yell . Jaundice , hot Reins , & urine , dropsy Agues , passions of the Heart , Headach , swellings & inflamations , St Anthonies fire , pushes , wheals , & pimples , inflamed Eyes , too much Milk . An handful of the Leavs or Roots boyled in wine or water , and a draught therof drunk fasting , driveth forth Chollerick and Flegmatick Humors , openeth Obstructions of the Liver , Gall , and Spleen ; helpeth the yellow Jaundice , the heat of the Reins , and of the Urine ; the Dropsie also , and those that have an evil disposition in their Bodies by reason of long sickness , evil Diet , &c. which the Creeks cal {αβγδ} , Cachexia . A Decoction therof made with wine and drunk , is very effectual against long lingring Agues ; and a dram of the Seed in Pouder drunk in wine before the Fit of an Ague , helpeth to drive it away : The Distilled water of the Herb and Flowers ( if you can take them in time ) hath the properties , and is especial good for hot stomachs , and in Agues , either pestilential , or of long continuance , for swoonings , and passions of the Heart , for the heat and Headach in Children , and to the Bloud and Liver . The said water or the juyce , or the bruised Leavs applied outwardly , allayeth swellings , inflamations , St. Anthonies Fire , Pushes , Wheals , and Pimples , especially used with a little Vinegar , as also to wash pestiferous sores . The said Water is very effectual for sore Eyes that are inflamed with redness , and for Nurses Breasts that are pained by the abundance of Milk .

The wild Succory as it is more bitter , so it is more strengthning to the Stomach and Liver .

Stone-Crop , Prick-Madam , or Smal House-Leek .

Descript. ] IT groweth with divers trailing branches upon the ground , set with many thick , fat , roundish , whitish , green Leavs , pointed at the ends ; the Flowers stand many of them together , somwhat loosly : the Roots are smal , and run creeping under-ground .

Blace . ] It groweth upon the Stone-wals and Mud-wals , upon the Tiles of Houses , and Penthouses , and amongst Rubbish , and in other Gravelly places .

Time . ] It Flowreth in June and July , and the Leavs are green al the winter .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the Dominion of the Moon , cold in quality , and somthing binding , and therfore very good to stay Defluxions , Binds , stay defluxions , bleeding stops , Cankers , sores , ulcers , Chollor , Chollerick Humors , Poyson , pestilent feavers , tertian agues , Kings-Evil , Knots and Kernels in the flesh , Piles . especially such as fal upon the Eyes ; it stops Bleeding both inward and outward , helps Cankers and al fretting sores and Ulcers ; it abates the heat of Chollor , thereby preventing Diseases thence arising from Chollerick Humors : It expels Poyson much , resisteth pestilential Feavers , being exceeding good also for tertian Agues , you may drink the Decoction of it if you please for al the foregoing infirmities : It is so harmless an Herb , you can scarce use it a miss , being bruised and applied to the place it helps the Kings Evil , and any other Knots , or Kernels , in the flesh ; as also the Piles .

English Tobacco .

Deseript . ] THis riseth up with a thick round stalk , about two foot high , wheron do grow thick fat green Leavs , nothing so large as the other Indian kinds , somwhat round pointed also , and nothing dented about the edges : The stalk brancheth forth , and beareth at the tops divers Flowers set in green Husks , like the other , but nothing so large ; scarce standing above the brims of the Husks , round pointed also , and of a greenish yellow colour . The Seed that followeth is not so bright , but larger , contained in the like great heads . The Roots are neither so great , nor woody , and perishing every year with the hard frosts in Winter , but riseth generally of its own sowing .

Place . ] This came from some parts of Brasile , as is thought , and is more familier in our Country than any of the other sorts ; early giving ripe seed , which the other seldom do .

Time . ] It Flowreth from June somtimes to the end of August , or later , and the Seed ripeneth in the mean time .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Martial Plant . It is found by good experience to be available to expectorate tough Flegm from the Stomach , Tough Flegm , Worms , Meagrim , pains in the Bowels , gravel , & stone Wind , Mother , toothach , Kings Evil , venemous Creature , Ague , cramps , & aches Sciatica , Itch , Scabs , & ulcers cankers & foul sores , lice , fresh Wound , old sores , Impostuns & hard swellings . Chest , and Lungs . The Juyce therof made into a Syrup , or the distilled Water of the herb drunk with some Sugar , or without if you will : Or the smoke taken by a Pipe as is usual , but fasting . The same helpeth to expel Worms in the Stomach and Belly , and to ease the pains in the Head , or Meagrim , and the griping pains in the Bowels : It is profitable for those that are troubled with the Stone in the Kidneys , both to ease pains , and by provoking Urine , to expel Gravel and the Stone ingendered therin , and hath been found very effectual to expel windiness and other Humors which cause the strangling of the Mother . The Seed herof is very effectual to help the toothach , and the Ashes of the burnt Herb , to clense the Gums , and make the Teeth white . The Herb bruised and applied to the place grieved with the Kings-Evil ( as they cal it ) helpeth it in nine or ten dayes effectually . Monardus saith it is a Counter-Poyson for the biting of any Venemous Creature ; the Herb also being outwardly applied to the hurt place . The Distilled Water is often given with some Sugar before the Fit of an Ague to lessen them , and take them away in three or four times using . If the distilled Fecies of the Herb having been bruised before the Distillation , and not Distilled dry , be set in warm dung for fourteen dayes , and afterwards hung up in a Bag in a Wine Celler ; that liquor that Distilleth there-from , is singular good to use for Cramps , Aches , the Gout , and Sciatica , and to heal Itches , Scabs , and running Ulcers , Cankers , and foul Sores whatsoever . The Juyce is also good for al the said griefs , and likewise to kil Lice in Childrens heads . The green Herb bruised and applied to any green Wound , cureth any fresh Wound or Cut whersoever : and the Juyce put into old Sores , both clenseth and healeth them . There is also made hereof a singular good Salve to help Impostumes , hard Tumors , and other swellings by Blows or Fals .

The Tamarisk-Tree .

IT is so wel known in the places where it grows , that it needeth no Description .

Time . ] It Flowreth about the end of May or in June , and the Seed is ripe and blown away in the beginning of September .

Government and Vertues . ] A gallant Saturnine Herb it is . If the Root , Leavs , or yong Branches be boyled in Wine or Vinegar and drunk , Spleen , Hemorrhoids , spiting Bloud , womens Courses , Jaundice , & Collick Ven . Serpents , Toothach , pain in the Ears , watring Eyes , Gangrenes , & Ulcers , Nits , & lice , spleen , burning & scalding , french pox Leprosie and scabs , dropsie , Melancholly , black jaundice . and applied outwardly , it is very powerful against the hardness of the Spleen . The Leavs boyled in Wine and drunk , is good to stay the bleeding of the Hemorrhoidal Veins , the spitting of Bloud , and Womens too abounding Courses , and helpeth the Jaundice , the Chollick , and the bitings of al Venemous Serpents , except the Asp. The Bark is as effectual if not more to al the purposes aforesaid ; and both it and the Leavs boyled in Wine , and the mouth and the teeth washed therwith , helpeth the Toothach ; being dropped into the Ears , easeth the pains ; and is good for the redness and watering of the Eyes . The said Decoction with some Honey put therto , is good to stay Gangrenes and fretting Ulcers , and to wash those that are subject to Nits and Lice . The Wood is very effectual to consume the Spleen , and therfore to drink out of Cups and Cans made therof , is good for Splenetick persons . The Ashes of the Wood are used for al the purposes aforesaid , and besides , doth quickly help the Blisters raised by burnings or scaldings , by fire or water . Alpinus and Veslingius do affirm , That the Aegyptians do with as good success use the Wood hereof to cure the French Disease , as others do Lignum Vitae , or Guajacum ; and give it also to such as are possessed with Leprosie , Scabs , Pushes , Ulcers , or the like ; and is available also to help the Dropsie , arising from the hardness and Obstruction of the Spleen , as also for Melancholly , and the black Jaundice that ariseth therof .

Garden Tansie .

GArden Tansie is so wel known , that it needeth no Description .

Time . ] It Flowreth in June and July .

Government and Vertues . ] D●me Venus was minded to pleasure Women with Child by this Herb ; for there grows not an Herb fitter , for their uses than this is ; it is just as though it were cut out for the purpose : The Herb bruised and applied to the Navel stayes miscarriages , I know no herb like it for that use ; boyled in ordinary Beer , and the Decoction drunk , doth the like ; and if her Womb be not as she would have , this Decoction wil make it as she would have it , or at least , as she should have it : Let those Women that desire Children love this Herb , 't is their best Companion , th●ir Husband excepted . Also , it consumes the Flegmatick Humors , the cold and moist constitution of Winter most usually infects the Body of man with , and that was the first Reason of eating Tansies in the Spring ; At last the world being over-run with Popery , a Monster called Superstition perks up his head , and as a just judgment of God , obscures the bright beams of Knowledge by his dismal looks ( Physitians seeing the Pope and his Imps selvish , they began to do so too ) and now forsooth Tansies must be eaten only on Palm and Easter Sundayes , and their neighbor dayes : At last Superstition being too hot to hold , and the selfishness of Physitians walking in the clouds ; after the Fryars and Monks had made the people ignorant , the Superstition of the time was found out , but the Vertue of the Herb hidden ; and now 't is almost , if not altogether , left off : Surely our Physitians are beholding to none so much as they are to Monks and Fryars , for want of eating this Herb in spring , maketh people sickly in summer , and that makes work for the Physitian . If it be against any Man or Womens Conscience to eat a Tansie in the spring , I am as unwilling to burden their Consciences as I am that they should burden mine : They may boyl it in Wine and drink the Decoction , it wil work the same effect . The Decoction of the Common Tansie , or the Juyce drunk in wine , is a singular Remedy for al the griefs that come by stopping of the Urine , Disury , Strangury , Reins , Kidneys , Wind , Womb , Miscarriage , Stone , Stomach , Worms , Cramps , helpeth the Strangury , and those that have weak Reins and Kidneys . It is also very profitable to dissolve and expel wind in the stomach , Belly , or Bowels , to procure womens Courses , and expel windiness in the Matrix . If it be bruised , and often smelled unto , as also applied to the lower part of the Belly , it is very profitable for such women as are given to miscarry in Child-bearing , to cause them to go out their ful time : It is used also against the stone in the Reins , especially to Men . The Herb fried with Egs ( as is accustomed in the spring time ) which is called a Tansi● , helpeth to digest , and carry downward those bad Humors that trouble the stomach : The seed is very profitably given to Children for the worms , and the Juyce in Drink is as effectual . Being boyl●d in Oyl , it is good for the sinews shrunk by C●amps , or pained with cold , if therto applied .

Wild Tansie , or Silver-weed .

THis also is so wel known that it needeth no Description .

Place . ] It groweth almost in every place .

Time . ] It Flowreth in June and July .

Government and Vertues . ] Now Dame Venus hath fitted Women with two Herbs of one name , one to help Conception , the other to maintain Beauty : and what more can be expected of her ? What now remains for you but to love your Husbands , and not to be wanting to your poor Neighbors ? Wild Tansie stayeth the Lask , and al the Fluxes of Bloud in men or women , Flux , Terms , stops vomiting of blood , whites Ruptures , bellyach , Sciaticv , Joynts , toothach , loos-teeth , Gums , Ulcers , in the Mouth , Wounds , sore Legs , Pimples , Freckles , Sun-burning . which some say it wil do if the green Herb be worn in the shoos , so it be next the skin ; and 't is true enough that 't wil stop the Terms if worn so , and the Whites too for ought I know . It stayeth also spitting or vomiting of bloud . The Pouder of the dried herb taken in some of the distilled water , helpeth the Whites in women , but more especially if a little Coral and Ivory in Pouder be put to it : It is also much commended to help Children that are bursten , and have a Rupture , being boyled in water and salt . Being boyled in wine and drunk , it easeth the griping pains of the Bowels , and is good for the Sciatica and Joynt Aches . The same boyled in Vineger with Honey and Allum , and gargled in the mouth , easeth the pains of the Toothach , fasteneth loose teeth , helpeth the Gums that are sore , and setleth the pallat of the mouth in its place when it is fallen down : It clenseth and healeth the Ulcers in the Mouth or secret Parts , and is very good for inward wounds , and to close the lips of green wounds : as also to heal old , moist , corrupt running sores in the Legs , or else where ; Being bruised and applied to the soles of the feet , and the hand-wrests , it wonderfully cooleth the hot fits of Agues , be they never so violent . The Distilled water clenseth the skin of al discolourings therein , as Morphew , Sun-burning , &c. as also Pimples , Freckles , and the like ; and dropped into the Eyes , or cloaths wet therin and applied , taketh away the heat , and inflamations in them .

Thistles .

OF these are many kinds growing here in England , which are so wel known , that they need no Description : Their difference is easily known by the places where they grow : viz.

Place . ] Some grow in Fields , some in Meadows , and some among the Corn : others , on Heaths , Greens , and wast Grounds in many places .

Time . ] They al Flower in July and August , and their Seed is ripe quickly after .

Government and Vertues . ] Sure Mars rules it , it is such a prickly business . Al these Thistles are good to provoke Urine , and to amend the stinking smel thereof ; Disury , ill smel , stinking Breath , Stomach . as also the rank smel of the Armpits , or of the whole Body , being boyled in Wine and drunk ; and are said also to help a stinking Breath , and to strengthen the Stomach . Pliny faith , That the Juyce bathed on the place that wanteth Hair , it being fallen off , wil cause it to grow again speedily .

The Melancholly Thistle .

Descript. ] IT riseth up with a tender single hoary green stalk , bearing theron four or five long hoary green Leavs , dented about the edges , the points whereof are little or nothing prickly , and at the top usually but one head , yet somtimes from the bosom of the uppermost Leaf there shooteth forth another smaller head , scaly and somwhat prickly , with many reddish Purple Thrums , or Thrids in the middle , which being gathered fresh , wil keep the colour a long time , and fadeth not from the stalk in a long time , while it perfecteth the seed , which is of a mean bigness lying in the Down : The Root hath many long stringy fastned to the head , or upper part , which is blackish and perish not .

There is another fort little differing from the former , but that the Leavs are more green above , and more hoary underneath ; and the stalk being about two foot high , beareth but one large scaly head , with thrids and seeds as the the former .

Place . ] They grow in many moist Meadows of this Land , as wel in these Southern , as in the Northern parts .

Time . ] They Flower about July or August , and their Seed ripeneth quickly after .

Government and Vertues . ] 't is under Capricorn , and therfore under both Saturn and Mars , one rids Melancholly by Sympathy , the other by Antipathy . Their Vertues are but few , but those not to be despised ; for the Decoction of the Thistle in Wine being drunk , expels superfluous Melancholly out of the Body , Melancholly . and make a man as merry as a Cricket , superfluous Melancholly causeth care , fear , sadness , despair , envy , and many evils more besides ; but Religion teacheth to wait upon Gods Providence , and cast our care upon Him , who careth for us : What a fine thing were it if Men and Women could live so ? and yet seven years care , and fear , makes a man never the wiser , nor a farthing the richer . Dioscorides saith , The Root born about one doth the like , and removes al Diseases of Melancholly . Modern Writers laugh at him , let them laugh that wins ; my Opinion is , That 't is the best Remedy against al Melancholly Diseases that grows : They that please , may use it .

Our Ladies Thistle .

Descript. ] OUr Ladies Thistle hath divers very larg and broad Leavs , lying on the ground , cut in , and as it were crumpled , but somwhat hairy on the edges , of a white green shining colour , wherin are many lines and strakes of a milky white colour , running al over , and set with many sharp and stiff prickles al about : among which riseth up one or more strong , round , and prickly stalks , set ful of the like Leavs up to the top , where at the end of every branch , cometh forth a great prickly Thistle-like head , strongly armed with pricks , and with bright purple thrums rising out of the middle of them ; after they are past , the seed groweth in the said heads , lying in a great deal of soft white Down , which is somwhat flatish and shining , large and brown . The Root is great , spreading in the ground , with many strings , and smal fibres fastned therto . All the whol Plant is bitter in tast .

Place . ] It is frequent on the Bank of almost every Ditch .

Time . ] It Flowreth and Seedeth in June , July , and August .

Government and Vertues . ] Our Ladies Thistle is under Jupiter , and thought to be as effectual as Cardus Benedictus for Agues , and to prevent and cure infection of the Plague , as also to open Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen , Agues , Plague , Obstructions , Liver , Spleen , Dropsie , stitches in the side , Liver , spleen . and therby is good against the Jaundice ; It provoketh Urine , breaketh and expelleth the Stone , and is good for the Dropsie : It is effectual also for the pains in the Sides , and many other inward pains and gripings ? The Seed and distilled Water are held powerful to al the purposes aforesaid : and besides , it is often applied both inwardly to drink , and outwardly with cloaths or spunges to the Region of the Liver to cool the distemperature therof , and to the Region of the Heart , against swoonings and passions of it . It clenseth the Bloud exceedingly , and in spring if you please to boyl the tender Plant , ( but cut off the prickles , unless you have a mind to choak your self ) it wil change your Bloud as the season changes , and that 's the way to be safe , as to change as the times change , is the way to live secure ; and that flatterers and weather-cocks know wel enough .

The Woolley , or Cotton Thistle .

Descript. ] THis hath many large Leavs lying on the ground , somwhat cut in , and as it were crumpled on the edges , of a green colour on the upper side , but covered over with a long hairy wood , or Cottony Down , set with most sharp and cruel pricks ; from the middle of whose heads of Flowers come forth many purplish crimson thrids , and somtimes white , although but seldom : The Seed that followeth in these white downy heads is somwhat large , long , and round , resembling the seed of Ladies-Thistle , but paler : The Root is great , and thick , spreading much , yet usually dieth after seed-time .

Place . ] It groweth on divers Ditch Banks , and in the Cornfields , and High-wayes , generally throughout the Land ; and is often found growing in Gardens .

Time . ] It Flowreth and bearreth seed about the end of Summer , when other Thistles do Flower and Seed .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a Plant of Mars . Dioscorides and Pliny write , That the Leavs and Roots hereof taken in drink , helpeth those that have a Crick in their Neck , Crick in the Neck , Spasm , convulsion Rickets . that they cannot turn it unless they turn their whol Body . Galen saith , That the Root and Leavs hereof are good for such persons that have their Bodies drawn together by some Spasm or Convulsion , or other infirmities , as the Rickets , ( or as the Colledg of Physitians would have it , the Rachites , about which name they have quarrel'd sufficiently ) in Children ; being a disease that hindreth their growth , by binding their Nervs , Ligaments , and whol structure of their Body .

The Fullers Thistle , or Teasel .

IT is so wel known that it needeth no Description , being used with the Cloath-workers .

The wild Teasel is in all things like the former , but that the prickles are smal , soft , and upright , not hooked or stif ; and the Flowers of this are of fine blush or pale Carnation color , but of the manured kind whitish .

Place . ] The first groweth being sown in Gardens or Fields for the use of Cloath-workers : The other neer Ditches and Cils of Water in many places of this Land .

Time . ] They flower in July , and are ripe in the end of August .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Venus . Dioscorides saith , That the Root bruised and boyled in Wine until it be thick , and kept in a brazen Vessel or Pot , and after spread as a Salve and applied to the Fundament , Clefts , Cankers , fistulaes , Warts , Wens , Worms in the Ears , Sight , Redness in the Face , Inflamations . doth heal the clefts thereof , as also Cankers and Fistulaes therein , as also taketh away Warts and Wens : The Juyce of the Leavs dropped into the Ears , killeth Worms in them . The distilled Water of the Leavs dropped into the Eyes , taketh away redness and mists in them that hinder the sight ; and is often used by Women to preserve their beauty , and to take away redness and Inflamations , and al other heat or discolorings .

Treacle Mustard .

Descript. ] IT riseth up with a hard round Stalk about a foot high , parted into some Branches , having divers soft green Leavs somwhat long and narrow set thereon , waved , but not cut in on the edges , broadest towards the ends , and somwhat round pointed : The flowers are white that grow at the tops of the Branches , spike fashion one above another ; after which come large round pouches , parted in the middle with a furrow , having one blackish brown seed on either side , somwhat sharp in tast , and smelling of Garlick , especially in the Fields where it is natural , but not so much in Gardens : The Roots are smal and thriddy , perishing every yeer .

Give me leave here to ad Methridate Mustard , although it may seem more properly by the name to belong to the Alphabet M.

Methridate Mustard .

Descript. ] THis groweth higher than the former , spreading more and longer branches , whose Leavs are smaller and narrower , somtimes unevenly dented about the edges : the Flowers are smal and white , growing on long branches , with much smaller and rounder Seed Vessels after them , and parted in the same manner , having smaller brown seeds than the former , and much sharper in tast : The Root perisheth after seed time , but abideth the first Winter after the springing .

Place , ] They grow in sundry places of this Land ; as half a mile from Hatfield by the River side under a Hedg as you go to Hatfield , and in the street of Peckham on Surrey side .

Time . ] They flower and seed from May to August .

Government and Vertues . ] Both of them are Herbs of Mars . These Mustards are said to purge the Body both upwards and downwards , Purge the body , terms provokes Imposthumes , Sciatica , poyson venom , putrefaction . and procureth Womens Courses so abundantly , that it suffocateth the Birth : It breaketh inward Impostumes being taken inwardly , and used in Clysters , helpeth the Sciatica : the seed applied outwardly doth the same . It is an especial Ingredient unto Methridate and Treacle , being of it self an Antidote resisting poyson , venom , and putrefaction : It is also available in many causes for which the common Mustard is used , but somwhat weaker .

The Black-Thorn , or Sloe-Bush .

IT is so wel known that it needeth no Description .

Place . ] It groweth in every Country , in the Hedges and Borders of Fields .

Time . ] It flowreth in April , and somtimes in March , but ripeneth the Fruit after al other Plums whatsoever , and is not fit to be eaten until the Autumn Frost have mellowed it .

Government and Vertues . ] All the parts of the Sloe-bush are binding , cooling , and drying , and al effectual to stay bleeding at the Nose and Mouth , Binds , Cools , dries , bleeding , flux , gnawings in bowels and stomach , Sore Mouth & Throat , Headach . or any other place ; the Lask of the Belly , or stomach , or the bloody Flux , the too much abounding of Womens Courses , and helpeth to ease the pains in the sides , bowels , and guts , that come by over-much scowring , to drink the Decoction of the Bark of the Roots , or more usually the Decoction of the Berries either fresh or dried . The Conserve is also of very much use , and most familiarly taken for the purposes aforesaid : But the distilled Water of the Flowers first steeped in Sack for a night , and drawn therfrom by the heat of Balneum Angliceabatth , is a most certain Remedy , tried and approved to ease al manner of gnawings in the Stomach , the sid●s and Bowels , or any griping pains in any of them , to drink a smal quantity when the extremity of pain is upon them : The Leavs also are good to make Lotions , to gargle and wash the Mouth and Throat , wherin are Swellings , Sores , or Kernels , and to stay the Defluxions of Rhewm to the Eyes or other parts , as also to cool the heat and inflamations in them , and to eas hot pains of the Head , to bath the Fore-head and Temples therewith . The simple distilled Water of the Flowers is very effectual for the said purposes , and the condensate Juyce of the Sloes . The distilled Water of the green Berries is used also for the said effects .

Thorough-wax , or Thorough-leaf .

Descript. ] COmmon Through wax sendeth forth one straight round stalk , and somtimes more , two foot high and better , whose lower Leavs being of a bluish green color are smaller and narrower than those up higher , and stand close thereto , not compassing it , but as they grow higher they do more and more encompass the stalk , until it wholly ( as it were ) pass through them , branching toward the top into many parts , where the Leavs grow smaller again , every one standing singly , and never two at any Joynt : The Flowers are very smal and yellow , standing in tufts at the Heads of the Branches , where afterwards grow the Seed , and blackish , many thick thrust together : The Root is smal , long , and woody , perishing every yeer after Seed time , and rising again plentifully of its own sowing .

Place . ] It is found growing in many Corn Fields , and Pasture grounds in this Land .

Time . ] It flowereth in July , and the Seed is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] Both this and the former are under the influence of Saturn . Thorough wax is of a singular good use , for al sorts of Bruises and Wounds either inward or outward , and old Ulcers and Sores likewise , Bruises , Wounds , Ulcers , Ruptures , Navils sticking out . if the Decoction of the Herb with Water or Wine be drunk , and the places washed therewith , or the Juyce or green Herb bruised or boyled either by it self , or with other Herbs in Oyl or Hogs Grease , to be made into an Oyntment to serve al the yeer : The Decoction of the Herb , or the Pouder of the dried Herb taken inwardly , and the same , or the green Leavs bruised and applied outwardly , is singular good to cure Ruptures and Burstings , especially in Children , before it be too old . Being also applied with a little Flower and Wax to Childrens Navels that stick forth , it helpeth them .

Time .

IT is in vain to describe an Herb so commonly known .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a notable strengthener of the Lungs , as notable a one as grows ; neither is there scarce a better Remedy growing for that Disease in Children which they commonly cal the Chin-cough , Lungs , Chin-cough , Flegm , shortness of breath , Worms , Terms provokes , safe and speedy Delivery to Women in travel , Afterbirth , hot swellings , Warts , Sciatica , sight , spleen , Gout , Cods swelled , Lyons , and Hips , Stomach , Expels Wind . than it is : It purgeth the Body of flegm , and is an excellent Remedy for shortness of Breath : It kils Worms in the Belly ; and being a notable Herb of Venus provokes the Terms , gives safe and speedy Delivery to Women in Travel , and brings away the After-birth : It is so harmless you need not fear the use of it . An Oyntment made of it takes away hot swellings and Warts , helps the Sciatica , and dulness of sight , takes away the pains and hardness of the Spleen ; 't is excellent good for those that are troubled with the Gout , as also to anoint the Cods that are swelled ; it easeth pains in the Loyns and Hips : The Herb taken any way inwardly comforts the stomach much , and expels wind .

Wild Time , or Mother of Time .

WIld Time also is so wel known , it needs no Description .

Place . ] It may be found commonly in Commons , and other barren places throughout the Nation .

Government and Vertues . ] This also is under the Dominion of Venus , Urin provokes , terms provokes , pain and gripings of the belly , Cramp , Ruptures , inflamations of Liver , pains of the Head , Frenzies , Lethargies , spitting and pissing Blood , Coughing , Vomiting , Head strengtheneth , Stomach , Reins , Womb , Wind , Stone . though under the Sign Aries , and therfore chiefly appropriated to the Head : It provoketh Urin and the Terms , and easeth the griping pains of the Belly , Cramps , Ruptures , and Inflamations of the Liver : If you make a Vinegar of the Herb as Vinegar of Roses is made , you may find out the way in my Translation of the London Dispensatory , and anoint the Head with it presently stops the pains thereof : It is excellent good to be given either in a Frenzie or Lethargy , although they are two contrary Diseases : It helps spitting and pissing of blood , Coughing and Vomiting , it comforts and strengthens both the Head , Stomach , Reins , and Womb , expels wind , and breaks the stone .

Tormentil , or Setfoyl .

Descript. ] THis hath many reddish , slender , weak branches rising from the Root , lying upon the ground , or rather leaning than standing upright , with many short Leavs that stand closer to the Stalks than Cinkfoyl doth ( which this is very like ) with the Footstalk encompassing the Branches in several places , but those that grow next to the ground are set upon long Footstalks , each whereof are like the Leavs of Cinkfoyl , but somwhat longer and lesser , and dented about the edges , many of them divided but into five Leavs , but most of them into sevens , whence it is also called Setfoyl ; yet some may have six and some eight , according to the fertility of the Soyl : At the tops of the Branches stand divers smal yellow Flowers consisting of five Leavs , like those of Cinkfoyl , but smaller . The Root is smaller than Bistort , somwhat thick , but blacker without , and not so red within , yet somtimes a little crooked , having many blackish fibres thereat .

Place . ] It groweth as wel in Woods and shadowy places , as in the open Champion Country , about the Borders of Fields in many places of this Land , and almost in every Broom Field in Essex .

Time . ] It flowereth al the Summer long .

Government and Vertues . ] This is a gallant Herb of the Sun. Tormentil is most excellent to stay al kind of Fluxes of Blood or Humors in man or woman , Flux , Bleeding , Veins cut , Terms stops , Feavers , Pestilence , Smal pox , Measles , Purples , Poyson , Spleen , Blood inflamed , Liver , Lungs , Yellow Jaundice , French Pox , Miscarriage , Diabetes , Worms , Ruptures , Toothach , Wounds , Sores , Hurts , Gout , Scabby Heads . whether at Nose , Mouth , Belly , or any Wound in the Veins or elswhere : The Juyce of the Herb or Root taken in drink , not only resisteth al Poyson and Venom of any Creature , but of the Plague it self , and Pestilential Feavers , and contagious Diseases , as the Pox , Measles , Purples , &c. expelling the Venom and Infection from the Heart by sweating , if the green Root be not at hand to be had , the Pouder of the dry Root is as effectual , a dram thereof being taken every morning : The Decoction likewise of the Herbs and Roots made in Wine and drunk worketh the same effect ; and so doth the distilled Water of the Herb and Root being steeped in Wine for a night , and then distilled in Balneo Mariae . This Water thus distilled taken with some Venice Treacle , and the party presently laid to sweat wil certainly ( with Gods help ) expel any Venom or poyson , or the Plague , Feaver , &c. for it is an Ingredient of especial respect in al Antidotes or Counterpoysons . There is not found any Root more effectual to help any Flux of the Belly , Stomach , Spleen , or Blood than this , to be taken inwardly , or applied outwardly . The Juyce taken doth wonderfully open Obstructions of the Liver and Lungs , and thereby in short space helpeth the yellow Jaundice : Some use to make Cakes hereof as wel to stay al Fluxes as to restrain al Chollerick Belchings , and much Vomitings with loathings in the Stomach : The Pouder of the dried Root made up with the white of an Eg , and baked upon a hot Tile wil do it . Andreus Valesius is of Opinion , That the Decoction of this Root is no less effectual to cure the French Pox than Guajacum , or China ; and 't is not unlikely , because it so mightily resisteth putrefaction . Lobel saith , That Rondelitius used it as Hermodactils for Joynt-aches : The Pouder also , or Decoction to be drunk , or to sit therein as a Bath , is an assured Remedy against Abortion in Women , if it proceed from the over fluxibility , or weakness of the inward retentive faculty : as also a Plaister made therewith and Vinegar applied to the Reins of the Back , doth much help , not only this , but also those that cannot hold their Water , the Pouder being taken in the Juyce of Plantane : and it is also commended against the Worms in Children . It is very powerful in Ruptures and Burstings : as also for bruises and Fals , to be used as wel outward as inwardly . The Root hereof made up with Pellitory of Spain and Allum , and put into an hollow Tooth , not only asswageth the pain , but stayeth the flux of Humors which caused it . Tormentil is no less effectual and powerful a Remedy for outward Wounds , Sores , and Hurts , than for inward , and is therfor a special ingredient meet to be used in Wound drinks , Lotions , and Injections for foul corrupt rotten Sores and Ulcers of the Mouth , Secrets , or other parts of the Body . And to put either the Juyce or Pouder of the Root into such Oyntments , Plaisters , and such things that are to be applied to Wounds and Sores : It also dissolveth all Knots , Kernels , and hardnesse gathered about the Ears , and Throat , and Jaws and the Kings Evill if the Leavs and Roots be bruised and applied thereto : The same also easeth the pains of the Sciatica or Hip-Gout by restraining the sharp Humors that flow thereto . The Juyce of the Leavs and Roots used with a little Vinegar is also a special Remedy against the running Sores of the Head or other parts , Scabs also and the Itch , or any such eruptions in the Skin proceeding of Salt and sharp Humors : The same also is effectual for the Piles or Hemorrhoids if they be washed and bathed therewith , or with the Distilled water of the Herb and Roots : It is found also helpfull to dry up any sharp Rhewm that distilleth from the Head into the Eyes causing , redness , pain , waterings , Itchings , or the like , if a little prepared Tutia , or white Amber he used with the Distilled water hereof : Many Women use this Water as a secret to help themselves and others when they are troubled with the too much flowing of the Whites or Reds , both to drink it , and inject it with a Syringe . And here 's enough , only remember , the Sun challengeth the Herb .

Turnsole , or Heliotropium

Descript. THe greater Turnsole riseth up with one upright Stalk about a foot high or more , dividing it self almost from the bottom into diverse smaller Branches of a hoary colour : at each Joynt of the Stalk and Branches grow two small broad Leavs somwhat white or hoary also : At the tops of the Stalks and Branches stand many small white Flowers consisting of four and somtimes five very small Leavs , set in order one above another , upon a small crooked Spike , which turneth inwards like a bowed finger , opening by degrees as the Flowers blow open ; after which in their places come forth smal corner'd , four for the most part standing together . The Root is smal and threddy perishing every year , and the Seed shedding every year , raiseth it again the next Spring .

Place . ] It groweth in Gardens , and Flowreth and Seedeth with us in England , notwithstanding it is not naturall to this Land , but to Italy Spain and France , where it groweth plentifully .

Government and Vertues . ] 't is an Herb of the Sun , and a good one too . Choller , Flegm , Stones , Disury , Terms provokes Gout , Warts , Wens , Disjunctures . Dioscorides faith , That a good Handful of this , which is called the greater Turnsole , boyled in Water and drunk , purgeth both Choller and Flegm : And boyled with Cummin and drunk , helpeth the Stone in the Reins , Kidneys or Bladder , provoketh Urine and Womens Courses , and causeth an easie and speedy delivery in Childbirth . The Leavs bruised and applyed to places pained with the Gout , or that have been out of joynt and newly set are ful of pain , do give much ease . The Seed and the juyce of the Leaves also being rubbed with a little Salt upon Warts , Wens , and other hard Kernels in the Face , Eyelids , or any other part of the Body , will by often using take them away .

Meadow Trefoyl , or Honeysuckles .

IT is so well known especially by the name of Honeysuckles , White and Red , that I need not describe them .

Place . ] They grow almost every where in this Land .

Government and Vertues . ] Mercury hath dominion over the common sorts . Dodoneus saith , The Leavs and Flowers are good to ease the gripping pains of the Guts , the Herb being boyled and used in a Clyster : Belly-ach , Inflamations , Pin and Web , Eyes . if the Herb be made into a Pultis and applied to Inflamations , it will ease them . The Juyce dropped into the Eyes is a familier Medicine with many Country People to take away the Pin and Web ( as they call it ) in the Eyes , it also allayeth the Heat and Bloodshooting of them : Country people do also in many places drink the Juyce herof against the biting of an Adder , and having boiled the Herb in Water , they first wash the place with the Decoction , and then lay some of the Herb also to the hurt place . The Herb also boiled in Swines Grease and so made into an Oyntment , is good to apply to the biting of any Venemous Creature . Venemous Beast , Disury , Wounds , Scars , Whites , Swellings , Apostums The Herb also bruised and heated between two Tiles , and applied hot to the share , causeth them to make water who had it stop'd before : It is held likewise to be good for Wounds , and to take away Scars . The Decoction of the Herb and Flowers with the Seed and Root taken for some time , helpeth Women that are troubled with the Whites . The Seed and Flowers boyled in Water , and after made into a Pultis with some Oyl and applied , helpeth hard swellings and Impostumes .

Heart-trefoyl .

Besides the ordinary sorts of Trefoyle here are two more remarkable , and one of which may probably be called Heart-trefoyle , not onely because the Leaf is triangular like the iHeart of a man , but also because each Leaf contains the perfect Icon of a Heart , and that in its proper colour , Viz . A flesh colour .

Place . ] It groweth in a Field between Longford and Bow , as also beyond Southwark toward Croyden , both in the right way and parts adjacent .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under the dominion of the Sun , Heart strengtheneth vitall spirit , fainting , swoonings , Poyson , Pestilence , evil vapors and if it were used it would be found as great a strengthener of the heart , and cherisher of the vitall spirit as grows , releiving the Body against Faintings , and Swoonings , fortifying it against Poysons and Pestilence , and defending the Heart against the noisom vapors of the Spleen .

Pearl-trefoyle .

IT differs not from the common sort , save only in this one particular , that it hath a white spot in the Leaf like a Pearl ; it is particularly under the dominion of the Moon , and its Icon sheweth that it is of singular Vertue against the Pearl , Pin & Web in the Eye . or pin and Web in the Eye .

Tutsan , or Park Leaves .

Descript. ] IT hath many brownish shining round Stalks , crested all the length thereof , rising to be two and somtimes three foot high , branching forth even from the bottom , having diverse Joynts , and at each of them two fair large Leavs standing , of a dark blewish green colour on the upper side , and of a yellowish green underneath , turning reddish towards Autumn , but abiding on the Branches all the Winter : At the tops of the Stalks and Branches stand large yellow Flowers , and Heads with Seed , which being greenish at the first , and afterward reddish , turn to be of blackish purple colour when they are through ripe , with smal brownish Seed within them , and then yeild a reddish Juyce or Liquor , of a reasonable good scent , somwhat resinous , and of an harsh and stiptitch taste , as the Leavs also and the Flowers be , although much less , but do not yeeld such a cleer Claret Wine Liquor as some say it doth : The Root is brownish , somwhat great hard , and woody , spreading well in the ground .

Place . It groweth in many Woods , Groves , and Woody Grounds , as Parks and Forrests , and by Hedg sides in many places of this Land , as in Hampsted Wood , by Ratley in Essex , in the Wild of Kent , and in many other places needlesse to recite .

Time . ] It Flowreth later than St. Johns , or St. Peters wort .

Government and Vertues . ] It is an Herb of Saturn and a most noble Antevenerian . Tutsan purgeth Chollerick Humors as St. Choller Sciatica , Gout , Burnings , Bleeding , Wounds , Ulcers . Peters wort is said to do , for therein it worketh the same effects , both to help the Sciatica and Gout , and to heal burnings by fire : It stayeth also the bleeding of wounds if either the green herb be bruised , or the Pouder of the dry be applied thereto . It hath been accounted and certainly is a Soveraign Herb to heal any Wound or Sore either outwardly or inwardly , and therefore alwayes used in Drinks , Lotions , Balms , Oyls , Oyntments for any fort of green Wound , or old Ulcers and Sores , in all which the continuall experience of former Ages hath confirmed the use therof to be admirable good , though it be not so much in use now as when Physitians and Chirurgions were so wise as to use Herbs more than now they do .

Garden Valerian .

Descript. ] THis hath a thick short grayish Root lying for the most part above ground , shooting forth on all sides , other such like smal pieces or Roots , which have all of them many long and great strings or fibres under them , in the ground , whereby it draweth nourishment . From the Heads of these Roots spring up many green Leavs , which at first are somwhat broad and long without any division at all in them , or denting on the edges , but those that rise up after are more and more divided on each side , some to the middle Rib , being winged , as made of many Leavs together on a Stalk , and those upon the Stalk in like manner are more divided , but smaller towards the top then below : The Stalk riseth to be a yard high or more , somtimes branched at the top , with many smal whitish Flowers , somtimes dash'd over at the edges with a pale purplish colour , of a little scent : which passing away there followeth small brownish white Seed that is easily carried away with the wind . The Root smelleth more strong than either Leaf or Flower , and is of more use in Medicine .

Place . ] It ts generally kept with us in our Gardens .

Time . ] It Flowreth in June and July , and continueth Flowring until the Frosts pull it down .

Government and Vertues . ] This also is under the Influence of Mercury . Disury , Strangury , Stitch , terms , provoks , Brest , short wind , Cough , Flegm , Pestilence , Wind . Dioscorides saith , That the Garden Valerian hath a warming Faculty and that being dryed and given to drink , it provoketh Urine and helpeth the Strangury : The Decoction thereof taken , doth the like also , and taketh away pains of the sides , provoketh Womens Courses and is used in Antidotes . Pliny saith , That the Pouder of the Root given in drink , or the Decoction thereof taken , helpeth all stoppings and stranglings in any part of the Body , whether they proceed of pains in the Chest or sides , and taketh them away . The Root of Valerian boyled with Liquoris , Raisons , and Annis Seed , is singular good for those that are short winded , and for those that are troubled with the Cough , and helpeth to open the passages , and to expectorate Flegm easily . It is given to those that are bitten or stung by any Venemous Creature , being boyled in Wine , It is of special Vertue against the Plague , the Decoction thereof being drunk , and the Root being used to smell unto ; It helpeth also to expel the wind in the Belly . The green Herb with the Root taken fresh , being bruised and applied to the Head , Headach , Eyes , Pin and Web , Wounds , Splinters , Thorns . taketh away the pains and prickings therein , staieth Rhewms and thin Distillations , and being boyled in white Wine , and the drop thereof put into the Eye , taketh away the dimness of the sight , or any Pin or Web therein : It is of excellent property to heal any inward Sores or Wounds , as also for outward Hurts or Wounds , and draweth any Splinter or Thorn out of the Flesh .

Vervain .

Descript. ] THe common Vervain , hath somwhat long and broad Leavs next the ground deeply gash'd about the edges , and some only deeply dented , or cut all alike , of a blackish green colour on the upper side and somwhat gray underneath : The Stalk is square branched into severall parts , rising about two foot high , especially if you reckon the long Spike of Flowers at the tops of them , which are set on all sides one above another , and somtimes two or three together , being smal and gaping , of a purplish blew colour , and white intermixt , after which come smal round Seed in smal and somwhat long Heads : The Root is smal and long , but of no use .

Place . ] It groweth generally throughout this Land in divers places by the Hedges and way sides , and other wast grounds .

Time . ] It Flowreth about July , and the Seed is ripe soon after .

Government and Vertues . ] This also is an Herb of Venus , and an excellent Herb for the Womb , to strengthen it and remedy all the cold griefs of it , as Plantane doth the hot , the Herb bruised and hung about the Neck helps the Headach . Vervain is hot and dry , bitter , opening Obstructions , Obstructions Clensing , Healing , yellow Jaundice , Venemous Beasts , Pestilence , Agues , ●orms , Cough , shortnes of Breath , whe●sing , Stone Gravel , Reins Bladder . Womb , Dropsie , Bleeding , Wounds , Ulcers Fistulaes , beadach , Frenzie , Morphew , Freckles , Eyes . clensing , and healing , It helpeth the yellow Jaundice , the Dropsie , and the Gout , the defects of the Reins and Lungs , and generally , all inward pains and torments of the Body , the Leavs being boyled and drunk ; The same is held to be good against the bitings of Serpents , and other Venemous Beasts ; and against the Plague and both Tertian and Quartan Agues , killeth and expelleth Worms in the B●lly , and causeth a good colour in the Face and Body , strengtheneth as well as correcteth the Diseases of the Liver and Spleen , is very effectual in all Diseases of the Stomach and Lungs , as Coughs , shortness of Breath and Wheesings , and is singular good against the Dropsie , to be drunk with some Peony Seeds , bruised and put therto ; & is no less prevalent for the defects of the Reins and bladder , to clense them of those Humors that ingender the Stone , and helpeth to break the Stone and to expel Gravel : It consolidateth and healeth also all Wounds both inward and outward , and staieth bleedings , and used with some Honey , healeth al old Ulcers and Fistulaes in the Legs or other parts of the Body , as also those Ulcers that happen in the Mouth , or used with old Hogs grease , it helpeth the Swellings and pains of the secret parts in man or Woman , as also for the Piles and Hemorrhoids : applied with some Oyl of Roses and Vinegar unto the Forehead and Temples , it easeth the inveterate pains and ach of the Head , and is good for those that are Frantick . The Leavs bruised , or the Juyce of them mixed with some Vinegar doth wonderfully clense the Skin , and taketh away Morphew , Freckles , Fistulaes , and other such like Inflamations and deformities of the Skin in any part of the Body . The distilled water of the Herb when it is in his ful strength , dropped into the Eyes , clenseth them from Films , Clouds , or mist , that darken the sight , and wonderfully strengtheneth the Optick Nerves ; The said Water is very powerfull in all the diseases aforesaid either inward or outward , whether they be old corroding Sores , or green Wounds .

The Vine .

THe Leavs of the English Vine ( I do not intend to send you to the Canaries for a Medicine ) being boyled make a good Lotion for sore Mouths , being boyled with Barley Meal into a Pultis , it cools Inflamations of Wounds , Sore Mouths , Inflamations , Womens Longing . Stone , the droppings of the Vine when 't is cut in the Spring , which Countrey people cal Tears , being boyled into a Syrup with Sugar and taken inwardly is excellent to stay Womens Longings after every thing they see , which is a Disease many women with Child are subject too ; The Decoction of Vine Leavs in white Wine doth the like : also the Tears of the Vine drunk , two or three spoonfuls at a time , breaks the Stone in the Bladder : This is a very good Remedy , and it is discreetly done to kill a Vine to cure a Man , Teeth black . but the Salt of the Leavs is held to be better .

The Ashes of the burnt Branches will make Teeth that are as black as a coal to be as white as snow if you do but every morning rub them with it .

It is a most gallant Tree of the Sun very simpatheticall with the Body of Man : and that 's the reason spirit of Wine is the greatest Cordial amongst all vegetables .

Violets .

THese , both Tame and Wild , are so well known that they need no Description .

Time . ] They Flower untill the end of July , but are best in March and the beginning of April .

Government and Vertues . ] They are a fine pleasing Plant of Venus , Inflamation , Eyes , Womb , Headach , Choller , Quinsie , Fallingsickness , Swellings , Pleuresie , Flegm , Hoarceness , Throat , Back , Reins . Bladder . Thirst , Heart . of a milde nature , no way harmful . All the Violets are cold and moist while they are fresh and green , and are used to cool any heat or distemperature of the Body either inwardly or outwardly , as Inflamations in the Eyes , in the Matrix , or Fundament , in Impostumes also , and hot Swellings , to drink the Decoction of the Leavs or Flowers made with Water in Wine , or to apyly them Pultis wise to the grieved place ; it likewise easeth pains in the Head caused through want of-sleep ; or in any other place arising of heat , being applied in the same manner , or with Oyl of Roses . A dram weight of the dried Leavs of the Flowers of Violets ( but the Leavs more strongly ) doth purge the Body of Chollerick Humors , and asswageth the heat being taken in a draught of Wine or any other drink : The Pouder of the Purple Leavs of the Flowers onely pick'd and dried and drunk in Water is said to help the Quinsie , and the Falling-sickness in Children , especially in the beginning of the Disease . The Flowers of the white Violets ripeneth and dissolveth Swellings . The Herb or Flowers while they are fresh , or the Flowers when they are dry , are effectuall in the Plurisie , and all diseases of the Lungs , to lenifie the sharpness of hot Rhewms , and the Hoarseness of the Throat , the heat also , and sharpness of Urine , and all pains of the Back , or Reins and the Bladder : It is good also for the Liver and the Jauncice , and in all hot Agues to cool the heat and quench the Thirst : but the Syrup of Violets is of most use and of better effect , being taken in some convenient Liquor ; and if a little of the Juyce or Syrup of Lemmons be put to it or a few drops of the Oyl of Vitrol , it is made thereby the more powerful to cool the heat and quench the Thirst , and giveth to the drink a Claret Wine colour , and a fine tart relish , pleasing the tast . Violets taken , or made up with Honey doth more clense then cool , and with Sugar contrarywise . The dried Flowers of Violets are accounted among the Cordial Drinks , Pouders , and other Medicines especially where cooling Cordials are necessary : The green Leavs are used with other Herbs , to make Plaisters and Pultisces for Inflamations and Swellings , and to ease pains wheresoever , arising of heat , and for the Piles also , being fried with Yolks of Egs and applied thereto .

Vipers Bugloss .

Descript. ] THis hath many loug rough Leavs lying on the ground , from among which rise up divers hard round Stalks , very rough as if they were thick set with prickles or hairs , wherein are set such like long rough hairy or prickly sad green Leavs , somwhat narrow ; the middle Rib for the most part being white . The Flowers stand at the top of the Stalks , branched forth into many long spiked Leavs of Flowers , bowing or turning like the Turnsole , all of them opening for the most part on the one side , which are long and hollow , turning up the Brims a little , of a Purplish Violet colour in them that are fully blown , but more reddish while they are in the Bud as also upon their decay and withering ; but in some places of a paler purple colour , with a long pointel in the middle , feathered or parted at the top : After the Flowers a●e fallen the Seeds growing to be ripe , are blackish , cornered and pointed somwhat like unto the Head of a Viper . The Root is somwhat great and blackish , and Wooly , when it groweth toward Seed time ; and perisheth in the Winter .

There is another sort little differing from the former , only in that it beareth white Flowers .

Place . ] The first groweth wild almost every where . That with white Flowers , about the Castle Walls in Lewes in Sussex .

Time . ] They Flower in Summer , and their Seed is ripe quickly after .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a most gallant Herb of the Sun ; it is pity it is no more in use then it is . It is an especiall Remedy against the biting of the Viper , Venemous Beasts , Poyson , Heart , Sadness , Melancholly , Agues , Milk , Loyns , Back , Kidneys . and all other Vememous Beasts or Serpents , as also against poison and poisonful Herbs . Dioscorides and others say , That whosoever shal take of the Herb or Root before they be bitten , shall not be hurt by the poyson of any Serpent . The Roots or Seed are thought to be most effectual to comfort the Heart , and expel Sadness , or cause lesse Melancholly , it tempers the Blood , and allayeth hot fits of Agues : The Seed drunk in Wine procureth abundance of Milk in Womens Breasts . The same also being taken easeth the pains in the Loyns , Back , and Kidneys : The distilled Water of the Herb when it is in Flower , or his chiefest strength , is excellent to be applied either inwardly or outwardly for all the Griefs aforesaid . There is a Syrup made hereof very effectuall for the comforting of the Heart , and expelling Sadness and Melancholly .

Wall-Flowers , or Winter Gilly Flowers .

THe Garden ●inds are so wel known that they need no Description .

Descript. ] The common single Wall-Flowers which grow wilde abroad , hath sundry smal , long , narrow , and dark green Leavs , set without order upon smal round whitish woody Stalks which bear at the tops divers single yellow Flowers one above another , every one having four Leavs apiece and of a very sweet scent : after which come long Pods containing reddish Seed . The Root is white , hard and thriddy .

Place . ] It groweth upon Church Walls , and old Walls of many houses and other Stone Walls in diverse places . The other sorts in Gardens only .

Time . ] All the single kinds do flower many times in the end of Autumn , and if the Winter be milde all the Winter long , but especially in the Months of February , March and April , and until the heat of the Spring do spend them : But the double kinds continue not Flowring in that manner all the year long , although they Flower very early sometimes , and in some places very late .

Government and Vertues . ] The Moon rules them . Galen in his seventh Book of Simple Medicines saith , Obructions , Liver , Terms provokes , Afterbirth , Child , spleen , Weaknes Disjuncture , Gout , Sinews , Appoplexy , Palsey . That the yellow Wall-Flowers worketh more powerfully than any of the other kinds , and is therefore of more use in Physick ; It clenseth the Bloud and freeth the Liver and Reins from Obstructions , provoketh Womens Courses , expelleth the Secondine and dead Child , helpeth the hardness and pains of the Mother , and of the Spleen also , stayeth inflamations and Swellings , comforteth and strengthneth any weak part , or out of Joynt : helpeth to clense the Eyes from mistiness and Films on them , and to clense soul and filthy Ulcers in the Mouth , or any other part , and is a singular Remedy for the Gout , and all Aches and pains in the Joynts and Sinews . A Conserve made of the Flowers is used for a Remedy both for the Appoplexy and Palsey .

The Walnut Tree .

IT is so wel known , that it needeth no Description .

Time . ] It Blossometh early , before the Leavs come forth , and the Fruit is ripe in September .

Government and Vertues . ] This also is a Plant of the Sun : Let the Fruit of it be gathered accordingly , which you shal find to be of most Vertue whilst they are green before they have shels . The Bark of the Tree , doth bind and dry very much , and the Leavs are much of the same temperature ; Binds , Driers , Worms , Poyson , Epidemical Diseases , Inflamation in the Throat , wounds of the Sinews Gangrenes Carbuncles Flux , terms stops Baldness , Quinsie , Toothach , Mother Chollick , Wind , Agues , Deafness , Ears . but the Leavs when they are older , are heating and drying in the second degree , and harder of digestion than when they are fresh , which by reason of their sweetness are more pleasing and better digesting in the Stomach ; and taken with sweet Wine , they move the Belly downwards : but being old , they grieve the stomach ; and in hot Bodies cause Choller to abound , and the Headach , and are an enemy to those that have the Cough ; but are less hurtful to those that have colder stomachs , and are said to kil the broad Worms in the Belly or stomach . If they be taken with Onions , Salt , and Honey , they help the biting of a Mad Dog , or the Venom or infectious poyson of any Beast , &c. Coneus Pompeius found in the Treasury of Methridates King of Pentus , when he was overthrown , a scrowl of his own hand-writing , containing a Medicine against any Poyson and Infection , which is this , Take two dry Walnuts , and as many good Figs , and twenty leavs of Rue , bruised and beaten together with two or three corns of salt , and twenty Juniper Berries , which taken every morning fasting , preserveth from danger of Poyson or Infection , that day it is taken . The Juyce of the outer green Husks , boyled up with Honey , is an excellent gargle for sore Mouths , the Heat and Inflamations in the Throat and stomach : The Kernels when they grow old , are more oyly , and therfore not so fit to be eaten , but are then used to heal the Wounds of the Sinews , Gangrenes , and Carbuncles ▪ The said Kernels being burned , are then very astringent , and wil then stay Lasks and Womens Courses : being taken in red wine , and stay the falling of the Hair , and make it fair , being anointed with Oyl and wine : The green Husks wil do the like being used in the same manner . The Kernels beaten with Rue and Wine , being applied , helpeth the Quinsie : and bruised with some Honey and applied to the Ears , easeth the pains and inflamations of them : A piece of the green Husk put into a hollow Tooth , easeth the pains . The Catkins hereof taken before they fal off ; dried , and given a dram therof in Pouder with white Wine , wonderfully helpeth those that are troubled with the rising of the Mother . The Oyl that is pressed out of the Kernels , is very profitably taken inward like Oyl of Almonds , to help the Chollick , and to expel wind very effectually , an ounce or two therof may be taken at a time . The yong green Nuts taken before they be half ripe , and preserved with Sugar , are of good use for those that have weak stomachs , or defluxions thereon . The Distilled water of the green Husk before they be half ripe , is of excellent use to cool the heat of Agues , being drunk an ounce or two at a time , as also to resist the Infection of the Plague , if some therof he also applied to the Sores therof . The same also cooleth the heat of green wounds and old Ulcers , and healeth them being bathed therwith : The distilled water of the green Husks being ripe , when they are shelled from the Nuts , being drunk with a little Vinegar , is also found by experience to be good for those that are infected with the Plague , so as before the taking therof a vein be opened . The said water is very vood against the Quinsie , being gargled and bathed therwith , and wonderfully helpeth Deafness , the noise and other pains in the Ears . The Distilled water of the yong green Leavs in the end of May , performeth a singular cure on foul running Ulcers and Sores , to be bathed with wet cloaths or spunges , applied to them evening and morning .

Wold , Weld , or Dyers Weed .

Descript. ] THe common kind groweth bushing with many Leavs , long , narrow , and flat upon the ground , of a dark blewish green colour , somwhat like unto Woad , but nothing so large , a little crumpled and as it were round pointed , which do so abide the first year : And the next spring from among them rise divers round stalks two or three foot high , beset with many such like Leavs theron , but smaller , and shooting forth some smal Branches , which with the stalks carry many smal yellow Flowers , in a long spiked head at the tops of them , where afterwards come the Seed , which is smal and black , inclosed in heads that are divided at the tops into four parts . The Root is long , white , and thick , abiding the Winter : The whole Herb changeth to be yellow after it hath been in flower a whlle .

Place . ] It groweth every where by the way sides in moist grounds as wel as dry , in corners of Fields and by-Lanes : and somtimes al over the field : in Sussex and Kent they cal it Greenweed .

Time . ] It is in Flower about June .

Goverment and Vertues . ] Mathiolus saith , That the Root hereof , Flegm , Humors , Tumors , Venemous Beasts , Pestilence , Worms . cutteth tough Flegm , digesteth raw Flegm , thinneth gross Humors , dissolveth hard Tumors , and openeth Obstructions . Some do highly commend it against the bitings of Venemous Creatures , to be taken inwardly and applied outwardly , to the hurt place ; as also for the Plague or Pestilence . The people in some Countries of this Land , do use to bruise the Herb , and lay it to cuts or wounds in the hands or legs to heal them .

Wheat .

AL the several kinds hereof are so wel known unto almost al People , that it is altogether needless to write any Description therof .

Government and Vertues . ] It is under Venus . Dioscorides saith , That to eat the Corns of green Wheat , is hurtful to the stomach , and breedeth Worms . Cold , Tetters , Ring-Worms , Ulcers , Chops in the Hands & Feet , Mad Dogs Eyes , Kings-Evil , Sinews ; Pestilence , Seabs , Leprosie , Venemous Beasts , Cods , Hoarsness . Pliny saith , That the Corns of Wheat roasted upon an Iron Pan and eaten , is a present Remedy for those that are chilled with Cold . The Oyl pressed from Wheat between two thick plates of Iron or Copper heated , healeth al Tetters and Ringworms being used warm , and hereby Galen saith he hath known many to be cured . Mathiolus commendeth the same Oyl to be put into hollow Ulcers to heal them up , and it is also good for Chops in the Hands or Feet , and to make a rugged Skin smooth . The green Corns of Wheat being chewed , and applied to the place bitten by a Mad Dog , healeth it : Slices of Wheat-bread soaked in Red Rose-water , and applied to the Eyes that are hot , red , and inflamed , or bloud-shotten , helpeth them . Hot Bread applied for an hour at a time for three dayes together , perfectly healeth the Kernels in the Throat , commonly called the Kings Evil . The Flower of Wheat mixed with the Juyce of Henbane , stayeth the Flux of Humors to the Joynts being laid theron : The said Meal boyled in Vinegar , helpeth the shrinking of the Sinews saith Pliny ; and mixed with Vinegar and Honey boyled together , healeth al Freckles , Spots , and Pimples on the Face . Wheat flower , mixed with the yolk of an Eg , Honey , and Turpentine , doth draw , clense , and heal any Boyl , Plague-sore , or foul Ulcer . The Bran of Wheat-meal steeped in sharp Vinegar , and then bound in a linnen Cloth , and rubbed on those places that have the Scurf , Morphew , Scabs , o● Leprosie , wil take them away ; the Body being first wel purged and prepared . The Decoction of the Bran of Wheat o● Barley , is of good use to bath those places that are Bursten by a Rupture : and the said Bran boyled in good Vinegar , and applied to swollen Breasts , helpeth them , ond stayeth at inflamations : It helpeth also the Bitings of Vipers ( which I take to be no other but our English Adder ) and al other Venemous Creatures . The Leavs of Wheat-meal applied with some Salt , taketh away hardness of the skin , Warts , and hard Knots in the Flesh . Starch moistned with Rose-water and laid to the Cods , taketh away their Itching . Wafers put in water and drunk , stayeth the Lask and Bloody-Flux , and is profitably used both inwardly and outwardly for the Ruptures in Children : Boyled in water unto a thick Gelly and taken , it stayeth spitting of Blood : and boyled with Mints and Butter , it helpeth the Hoarsness of the Throat .

The Willow Tree .

THese are so wel known , that they need no Description : I shal therfore only shew you the Vertues thereof .

Government and Vertues . ] The Moon owns it . Both the Leavs , Bark , and the Seed are used to stanch Bleeding of Wounds , and at Mouth and Nose , spitting of Blood , and al other Fluxes of Blood in man or woman , Stanch bleeding spiting of blood Fluxes of blood vomiting , distilations on the Lungs , wind , chollick , heat of Lust , dimness of sight , and other Diseases in the Eyes , cleer the Face , dry up Humors , Warts , corns & superfluous Flesh , Scurf , or Dandriff , Feaver . and to stay vomiting , and provocation therunto , if the Decoction of them in Wine be drunk . It helpeth also to stay thin , hot , sharp , salt Distillations from the Head upon the Lungs causing a Consumption : The Leavs bruised with some Pepper and drunk in Wine , much helpeth the wind Chollick . The Leavs bruised and boyled in Wine and drunk , stayeth the heat of Lust in Man or Woman , and quite extinguisheth it if it be long used ; the Seed is also of the same effect . The Water that is gathered from the Willow when it Flowreth , the Bark being slit , and a fitting Vessel set to receive it , is very good for redness and dimness of Sight , for films that grow over the Eyes , and stay the Rhewms that fal into them , to provoke Urine being stopped , if it be drunk ; and to cleer the Face and Skin from Spots and Discolourings . Galen saith , The flowers have an admirable Faculty in drying up Humors , being a Medicine without any sharpness or corrosion : You may boyl them in white Wine , and drink as much as you wil ( so as you drink not your self drunk . ) The Bark work the same effects , if used in the same manner ; and the Tree hath alwayes Bark upon it , though not alwayes Flowers : The burnt Ashes of the Bark , being mixed with Vinegar , taketh away Warts , Corns , and Superfluous Flesh , being applied to the place . The Decoction of the Leavs or Bark in Wine , takes away Scurf , or Dandriff , by washing the place with it : 't is a fine cool Tree , the boughs of which are very convenient to be placed in the Chamber of one sick of a Feaver .

Woad .

Descript. ] IT hath divers large Leavs , long , and somwhat broad withal , like to those of the greater Plantane , but larger , thicker , of a greenish colour , and somwhat blue withal : From among which Leavs riseth up a lusty stalk three or four foot high , with divers Leavs set theron ; the higher the stalk riseth , the smaller are the Leavs ; at the top it spreadeth into divers branches , at the end of which appear very pretty little yellow flowers , and after they pass away like other flowers of the Field , come Husks , long , and somwhot flat withal : In form they resemble a tongue ; in colour , they are black , and they hang bobbing downwards . The Seed contained within these Husks ( if it be a little chewed ) gives an Azure ●●lour . The Root is white and long .

Place ] It is sowed in Fields for the benefit of it , where those that sow it , cut it three times a year .

Time . ] It Flowreth in June , but is long after before the Seed is ripe .

Government and Vertues . ] It is a cold , and dry Plant of Saturn . Some People affirm the Plant to be destructive to Bees , which if it be , I cannot help it : They say it possesseth Bees with a Flux , but that I can hardly beleeve , unless Bees be contrary to all other Creatures , I should rather think it possesseth them with the contrary Disease , the Herb being exceeding drying and binding . However , if any Bees be diseased therby , the cure is to set Urine by th●m , but set it in such a Vessel that they cannot drown themselves , which may be Remedied if you put pieces of Cork in it . I told you before the Herb was drying and binding , and so drying and binding , that it is not fir to be given inwardly . An Oyntment made therof stancheth Bleeding . A Plaister made therof , and applied to the Region of the Spleen , ( and I pray you take notice , bleeding , spleen , Ulcers , Inflamtions , St. Anthonies fire , defluxions of Blood . that the Spleen lies on the left side ) takes away the hardness and pains thereof : The Oyntment is excellent good in such Ulcers as abound with moisture , and takes away the corroding and fretting Humors : It cools Inflamations , quencheth St. Anthonies fire , and stayeth Defluxions of Blood to any part of the Body .

Woodbind , or Honeysuckles .

IT is a Plant so common , that every one that hath Eyes knows them , and he that hath none cannot read a Description if I should write it .

Time . ] They Flower in June , and the Fruit is ripe in August .

Government and Vertues . ] Doctor Tradition , that grand Introducer of Errors , that Hater of Truth , that Lover of Folly , and that mortal Foe to Doctor Reason , hath taught the common People to use the Leavs and Flowers of this Plant in Mouth Waters , and by long continuance of time hath so grounded it in the Brains of the vulgar , that you cannot beat it out with a Beetle : Al Mouth Waters ought to be cooling and drying , but Honeysuckles are clensing , consuming , and digesting , and therfore no waies fit for Inflamations : Thus Doctor Reason . Again , If you please we wil leave Doctor Reason a while , and come to Doctor Experience , a learned Gentleman , and his Brother : Take a Leaf and chew it in your Mouth , and you wil quickly find it likelier to cause a sore Mouth or Throat than to cure it . Wel then , if it be not good for this , What is it good for ? 't is good for somthing , for God and Nature made nothing in vain : It is an Herb of Mercury , Lungs afflicted , Asthma , Spleen provokes , Urin and speedy Delivery in Childbirth Cramps , Convulsions and Palseys , Freckles , and Sun-burning . and appropriated to the Lungs ; the Coelestial Crab claims Dominion over it , neither is it a Foe to the Lyon : If the Lungs be afflicted by Jupiter , this is your Cure : It is fitting a Conserve made of the Flowers of it were kept in every Gentlewomans House ; I know no better Cure for an Asthma than this : Besides , It takes away the evil of the Spleen , provokes Urine , procures speedy Delivery to Women in Travel , helps Cramps , Convulsions , and Palseys , and whatsoever griefs comes of cold or stopping : If you please to make use of it in an Oyntment , it wil cleer your Skin of Morphew , Freckles , and Sun-burning , or whatsoever else discolors it , and then the Maids wil love it . I have done when I have told you what Authors say , and cavelled a little with them ; they say , The Flowers are of more effect than the Leavs , and that 's true ; but they say , The Seeds are least effectual of al : but Dr. Reason told me , That there was a Vital Spirit in every Seed to beget its like ; and Dr. Experience told me , That there was a greater heat in a Seed than there was in any other part of a Plant , and withal , That Heat was the Mother of Action , and then judg of old Dr , Tradition ( who may wel be honor'd for his Age , but not for his Goodness ) have not so poysoned the World with his Errors before I was born , that it was never wel in its wits since , and there is great fear it wil die mad .

Wormwood .

THree Wormwoods are familiar with us ; one I shal , not describe , another I shal describe , and the third be critical at : And I care not greatly if I begin with the last first .

Sea Wormwood hath gotton as many Names as Vertues ( and perhaps one more ) Seriphian , Santonicon , Belgicum , Narbonense , Xantomicum , Misnense , and a matter of twenty more which I wil not blot Paper withal : A Papist got the Toy by the end , and he called it Holy Wormwood ; and in truth I am of Opinion , their giving so much Holiness to Herbs is the reason there remains so little in themselves . The Seed of this Wormwood is that which usually Women give their Children for the Worms : Of al Wormwoods that grow here , this is the weakest ; I but Doctors commend it , and Apothecaries sel it , the one must keep his Credit and the other get Money , and that 's the Key of the work . The Herb is good for somthing , because God made nothing in vain : Wil you give me leave to weigh things in the Ballance of Reason ? Then thus , The Seeds of the common Wormwood are far more prevalent than the Seed of this to expel worms in Children , or people of ripe age : Of both , some are weak , some are strong . The Seriphian Wormseed is the weakest , and happily may prove to be fittest for weakest Bodies ( for it is weak enough in al conscience ) Let such as are strong take the common Wormseed , for the other wil do but little good . Again , neer the Sea many people live , and Seriphium grows neer them , and the●fore is more fitting for their Bodies , because nourished by the same Air ; and this I had from Dr. Reason . In whose Body Dr. Reason dwels not , dwels Dr. Madness , and he brings in his Brethren , Dr. Ignorance , Dr. Folly , and Dr. Sickness , and these together make way for Dr. Death , and the latter end of that man is worse than the beginning . Pride was the cause of Adam's Fall ; Pride begat a Daughter , I do not know the Father of it unless the Devil , but she Christned it , and cal'd it Appetite , and sent her Daughter to tast these Wormwoods , who finding this the least bitter , made the squeamish Wench extol it to the Skies , though the Vertues of it never reached to the middle Region of the Air . Its due praise is this ; It is weakest , therfore fitter for weak Bodies , and fitter for those Bodies that dwel neer it , than those that live far from it : my reason is , The Sea ( as those that live far from it , know when they come neer it ) casteth not such a smel as the Land doth : The tender Mercies of God being over al his Works , hath by his eternal Providence planted Seriphian by the Sea side , as a fit Medicine for the Bodies of those that live neer it . Lastly , It is known to al that know any thing in the Course of Nature , That the Liver delights in sweet things ; if so , it abhors bitter ; then if your Liver be weak , it is none of the wisest courses to plague it with an Enemy : if the Liver be weak , a Consumption follows ; would you know the Reason ? 't is this , A Mans Flesh is repaired by Blood , by a third Concoction which transmutes Blood into Flesh , ( 't is wel I said [ Concoction ] for if I had said [ Boyling ] every Cook would have understood me . ) The Liver makes Blood , and if it be weakned that it makes not enough the Flesh wasteth ; and why must Flesh alwaies be renewed ? Because the Eternal God when he made the Creation , made one part of it in continual dependancy upon another . And why did he so ? Because Himself is only Permanent , to teach us , That we should not fix our affections upon what is Transitory , but upon what endures for ever . The result of al is this , If the Liver be weak and cannot make Blood enough ( I would have said [ Sanguifie ] if I had written only to Scholers . ) The Seriphian which is the weakest of Wormwoods is better than the best . I have been Critical enough , if not too much .

Place . ] It grows familiarly in England by the Sea side .

Descrip . ] It starts up out of the Earth with many round woody hoary Stalks from one Root , its height is four fo : high , or three at the least . The Leavs in longitude are long , in latitude narrow , in color white , in form hoary , in simililude like Southernwood , only broader and longer , in tast , rather salt than bitter , because it grows so neer the Salt water : At the joynts with the Leavs toward the tops it bears little yellow Flowers . The Root lies deep , and is woody .

Common Wormwood I shal not describe , for every Boy that can eat an Egg knows it .

Roman Wormwood : And why Roman , feeing it grows familiarly in England ? It may be it was so called because 't is good for a stinking breath , which the Romans cannot be very free from maintaining so many Baudy Houses by Authority of his Holiness .

Descript. ] The Stalks are slenderer and shorter than the common Wormwood by one foot at least ; the Leavs are more finely cut and divided than they are , but somthing smaller ; both Leavs and Stalks are hoary ; the Flowers of a pale yellow color , it is altogether like the common Wormwood , save only in bigness , for 't is smaller ; in tast , for 't is not so bitter , in smel , for it is spicy .

Place . ] It groweth upon the tops of the Mountains ( it seems 't is aspiring ) there 't is Natural ; but usually nursed up in Gardens for the use of the Apothecaries in London .

Time . ] Al Wormwoods usually flower in August , a little sooner or later .

Government and Vertues . ] Wil you give me leave to be Critical a little ? I must take leave : Wormwood is an Herb of Mars , and if Pontanus say otherwise he is beside the Bridg : I prove it thus ; What delights in Martial places , is a Martial Herb ; but Wormwood delights in Martial places ( for about Forges and Iron Works you may gather a Cart load of it ) Ergo it is a Martial Herb . It is hot and dry in the first Degree , Choller , venery , provokes Urin , Helps Surfets , Swellings , Appetite lost , yell . Jaundice , viz. Just as hot as your Blood , and no hotter : It remedies the evils Choller can inflict on the Body of Man by Sympathy . It helps the evils Venus and he wanton Girls produce by Antipathy : and it doth somthing else besides , It clenseth the Body of Choller ( and who dares say Mars doth no good ? ) It provokes Urine , helps Surfets , Swellings in the Belly ; it causeth an Appetite to meat , because Mars rules the attractive faculty in Man : The Sun never shone upon a better Herb for the yellow Jaundice than this is : Why should men cry out so much upon Mars for an Infortune ( or Saturn either ? ) Did God make Creatures to do the Creation a mischief ? This Herb testifies that Mars is willing to cure al the Diseases he causes ; the truth is , Mars loves no Cowards , nor Saturn Fools , nor I either . Take of the Flowers of Wormwood , Rosemary , and Black-Thorn , of each a like quantity , half that quantity of Saffron , boyl this in Renish Wine , but put not in the Saffron til it is almost boyled : This is the way to keep a Mans Body in Health , Preserve Health , Terms provokes , Biting of Rats and Mice , Mushroms Wheals , Pushes , black and blue Spots , Quinsie , Eyes , appointed by Camerarius , in his Book intituled , Hortus Medicus , and 't is a good one too . Besides al this , Wormwood provokes the Terms . I would willingly teach Astrologers , and make them Physitians ( if I knew how ) for they are most fitting for the Calling ; if you wil not beleeve me , ask Dr. Hippocrates , and Dr. Galen , a couple of Gentlemen that our Colledg of Physitians keep to vapor with , not to follow . In this one Herb I shal give the Pattern of a Rule to the Sons of Art , rough cast , yet as neer the truth as the men of Benjamin could throw a stone ; whereby my Brethren of the Society of Astrologers may know by a Penny how a Shilling is coyned : ( as for the Colledg of Physitians they are too stately to learn , and too proud to continue : They say a Mouse is under the Dominion of the Moon , and that 's the reason they feed in the night : The House of the Moon is Cancer ; ( Rats are of the same nature with Mice , but that they are a little bigger . ) Mars receives his Fal in Cancer , Ergo Wormwood being an Herb of Mars is a present Remedy for the biting of Rats and Mice . Mushroms ( I cannot give them the title of Herba , Frutex , or Arbor ) are under the Dominion of Saturn ( and take one time with another they do as much harm as good : ) if any have poyson'd himself by eating them , Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures him , because Mars is exalted in Capricorn the House of Saturn ; and this it doth by Sympathy as it did the other by Antipathy . Wheals Pushes , black and blue spots coming either by Bruises or Beatings , Wormwood an Herb of Mars helps , because Mars ( as bad as you love him , and as il as you hate him ) wil not break your Head , but he 'l give you a Plaister . If he do but teach you to know your selves , his Courtesie is greater than his Discourtesie . The greatest Antipathy between the Planets , is between Mars and Venus ; one is hot , the other cold ; one Diurnal , the other Nocturnal ; one dry , the other moist ; their Houses are opposite ; one Masculine , the other Feminine ; one publick , the other private ; one is valiant , the other effeminate ; one loves the light , the other hates it ; one loves the field , the other the sheets : then the Throat is under Venus , the Quinsie lies in the Throat , and is an Inflamation there : Venus rules the Throat ( it being under Taurus her Sign ) Mars eradicates al Diseases in the Throat by his Herbs ( of which Wormwood is one ) and send them to Aegypt on an errand never to return more : this by Antipathy . The Eyes are under the Luminaries ; the right Eye of a Man , and the left Eye of a Woman , the Sun claims Dominion over : The left Eye of a Man , and the right Eye of a Woman , are the priviledg of the Moon , Wormwood an Herb of Mars cures hoth ; what belongs to the Sun by Sympathy , because he is exalted in his House ; but what belongs to the Moon by Antipathy , becaus he hath his Fal in hers . Suppose a Man be bitten or stung by a Martial Creature , imagin a Wasp , a Hornet , or Scorpion , Wormwood an Herb of Mars gives you a present cure : Biting or stinging by venemous Beeasts . Then Mars as Chollerick as he is , hath learned that patience , to pass by your evil speeches of him , and tels you by my Pen , That he gives you no Affliction but he gives you a Cure ; you need not run to Apollo not Aesculapius : and if he were so Chollerick as you make him to be , he would have drawn his Sword for anger to see the il conditions of those people that can spy his Vices and not his Vertues . The Eternal God when he made Mars , made him for a publick good , and the Sons of Men shal know it in the latter end of the world . Et saelum Mars solus habet . You say Mars is a Destroyer , mix a little Wormwood an Herb of Mars with your Ink , and neither Rats nor Mice wil touch the Paper is written with it , and then Mars is a Preserver . Astrologers say Mars causeth Scabs and Itch , and the Virgins are angry with him , because wanton Venus told them he deforms their Skin : But quoth Mars , my only desire is , they should know themselves ; my Herb Wormwood wil restore them to the Beauty they formerly had , and in that I wil not come an inch behind my opposite Venus ; for which doth the greatest evil , he that takes away an innate Beauty , and when he hath done , knows how to restore it again ? or she that teaches a company of wanton Lasses to paint their Faces ? If Mars be in the Virgin in a Nativity , they say he causes the Chollick , ( 't is wel God hath set some body to pul down the pride of Man ) He in the Virgin troubles none with the Chollick but them that know not themselves ( for who knows himself may easily know al the World ) Wormwood an Herb of Mars is a present cure for it : and whether it be most like a Christian to love him for his good , or hate him for his evil judg ye . I had almost forgotten that Charity thinks no evil : I was once in the Tower and viewed the Wardrobe , and there was a great many fine Cloathes ( I can give them no other titie , for I was never neither Linnen or Woollen Draper ) yet as brave as they looked , my opinion was , the Moaths might consume them ( yea Henry the Eighth his Codpiece . ) Moaths are under the Dominion of Mars , his Herb Wormwood being laid amongst Cloathes wil make a Moath scorn to meddle with the Cloath , as much as a Lyon scorns to meddle with a Mouse , or an Eagle a Fly . You say Mars is angry , and 't is true enough , he is angry with my Country men for being such Fools to be led by the Noses by the Colledg of Physitians as they lead Bears to Paris Garden . Melancholly Men cannot endure to be wrong'd in point of good name , and that hath sorely troubled old Saturn , because they called him the greatest Infortune : In the Body of Man he rules the Spleen , ( and that makes Covetous men so Splenetick . ) The poor old man lyes crying out of his left side , Father Saturn's angry , Mars comes to him , come Brother , Spleen . I confess thou art evil spoken of , and so am I , thou knowst I have my exaltation in my House , I 'l give him an Herb of mine , Wormwood , to cure the poor man ; Saturn consented , but spoke but little , and so Mars cured him by Sympathy . When Mars was free from War ( for he loves to be fighting , and is the best friend a Soldier hath ) I say , when Mars was free from War he called a Councel of War in his own Brain to know how he should do poor sinful man good , ( desiring to forget his abuses in being called an Infortune ) He musters up his own Forces and places them in Battalia , Oh! quoth he , why do I hurt a poor silly Man or Woman ? His Angel Answers him , 't is because they have offended their God . [ Look back to Adam ] Well , saies Mars , though they speak evil of me , I 'l do good to them ; Death 's cold , my Herb shall heat them , They are full of ill Humors ( else they would never have spoken il of me ) my Herb shal clense them and dry them : They are poor weak Creatures , my Herb shall strengthen them ; they are dull witted , my Herb shall fortifie their Apprehensions ; and yet amongst Astrologers , al this doth not deserve a good word ; Oh! the Patience of Mars .

Faelix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causas Inque domus superum scandere cura fumit . Oh! happy he that can the Knowledge gain , To know th' eternall God made nought in vain .

To this I add .

I know the reason causeth such a Dearth Of Knowledge , 't is because men love the Earth .

The 〈◇〉 day Mars told me he met with Venus , and he asked her what the Reason was that she accused him for abusing Women , he never gave them the Pox , in the Dispute they fel out , and in anger parted , and Mars told me that his brother Saturn told him , that an Antevenerial Medicine was the best against the Pox . French Pox . Once 〈◇〉 Month he meets with the Moon , Mars is quick enough of speech , and the Moon not much behind hand ( neither are most Women ) The Moon looks much after Children , and Children are much troubled with the worms she desired a Medicine of him , he bad her take his own Herb Worm-wood : He had no sooner parted with the Moon but he met with Venus , and she was as drunk as a Bitch , Alas poor Venus quoth he What , thou a Fortune and be drunk ? I 'l give thee an Ampathetical Cure , take my Herb Wormwood : He had no sooner parted with the Moon , thou shalt never get a Surfet by drinking . A poor silly Countrey-man hath got an Ague and cannot go about his business , Surfet , stinking Breath , Dull Brain , weak Sight . he wishes he had it not , and so do I , but I 'l tel him a Remedy whereby he may prevent it . Take the Herb of Mars Wormwood and if Infortunes wil do good what wil Fortunes do ? Some say the Lungs are under Jupiter , and if the Lungs then the breath , and yet a man sometimes gets a stinking breath , and yet Jupiter is a Fortune forsooth ; up comes Mars to him , come brother Jupiter , thou knowest I sent thee a couple of Trines to thy Houses last night the one from Aries and the other from Scorpio , give me thy leave by Sympathy to cure the poor man by drinking a draught of Wormwood Beer every morning . The Moon was weak the other day , and she gave a man two terrible mischiefs , a dul Brain , and a weak sight , Mars layes by his sword and comes to her , Sister Moon saith he , This Man hath anger'd thee , but I beseech thee take notice he is but a Fool , prethee be patient , I wil with my Herb Wormwood cure him of both Infirmities by Antipathy , for thou knowst , thou and I cannot agree ; with that the Moon began to quarrel ; Mars ( not delighting much in Womens tongues ) went away , and did it whether she would or no .

He that reads this and understands what he reads , he hath a Jewel more worth than a Diamond : He that understands it not , is as little fit to give Physick . There lyes a Key in these Words , which will unlock ( if it be turned by a wise hand ) the Cabinet of Physick : I have delivered it so plainly as I durst ; 't is not onely upon Wurmwood that I wrote , but upon all Plants Trees and Herbs : He that understands it not , is unfit in my Opinion ) to give Physick . This shal live when I am dead ; and thus I leave it to the World , not caring a halfpenny whether they like or dislike it . The Grave equals all men , and therefore shall equal me with the Princes , until which time the eternal Providence is over me ; then the il tongue of a pratling Priest , or of one who hath more Tongue then wit , or more Pride than Honesty , shal never trouble me . Wisdom is justified of her Children ; and so much for Wormwood .

Yarrow , called also Nosebleed , Milfoile , and Thousand Leaf .

Descript. ] IT hath many long Leavs spread upon the ground and finely cut and divided into many smal parts : Its Flowers are white but not al of a whiteness , and staied in knots , upon divers green Stalks which rise , from among the Leavs .

Place . ] It is frequent in all Pastures .

Time . ] It Flowreth late even in the latter end of August .

Government and Vertues . [ It is under the influence of Venus . Wounds , Inflamations , Terms stops , Bloudy Flux , Baldness Ulcers , Fistulaes , Retentive , Faculty , Running of the Reins , Whites , Diabetes ; Toothach . An Oyntment of them cures Wounds and is most fit for such as have Inflamations , it being an Herb of Dame Venus ; It stops the Terms in Women being boyled in white Wine and the Decoction drunk , as also the Bloody Flux ; the Oyntment of it is not onely good for green Wounds , but also for Ulcers and Fistulaes , especially such as be bound with moisture ; It stayes the shedding off of Hair , the Head being bathed with the Decoction of it ; inwardly taken it helps the retentive faculty of the Stomach , it helps the running of the Reins in men , and the whites in Women , and helps such as cannot hold their Water ; and the Leavs chewed in the Mouth ease the Toothach ; and these Vertues being put together shew the Herb to be drying and binding . Achilles is supposed to be the first that left the Vertues of this Herb to posterity , having learned them of his Master Chyron the Cenature , and certainly a very profitable Herb it is in the Camp , & perhaps therefore called Militaris .