CHAP.
III
.
The
Sacred
History
Contemporary
with
the
Babylonian
Empire
.
SECT
I.
Reaching
from
the
Division
of
the
World
,
to
the
Departure
of
the
Israelites
out
of
Egypt
.
1.
SHEM
the
Son
of
Noah
,
being
100
Years
old
,
begat
Arphaxad
;
Arphaxad
in
the
35th
Year
of
his
Age
begat
Salah
;
he
in
the
30th
begat
Eber
(
from
whom
some
derive
the
Name
Hebrews
;
)
he
in
the
34th
begat
Phaleg
,
so
call'd
because
in
his
Days
the
Earth
was
divided
;
he
in
the
30th
begat
Reu
;
he
in
32d
begat
Serug
;
he
in
the
30th
begat
Nachor
;
and
Nachor
in
the
29th
Year
of
his
Age
begat
Terah
,
or
Tharem
.
2.
Terah
,
being
70
Years
old
,
begat
Abram
,
Nachor
and
Haran
;
of
whom
the
last
is
reckon'd
the
eldest
,
who
died
at
Ur
of
the
Caldees
,
and
left
three
Children
,
namely
,
Lot
his
Son
,
and
two
Daughters
,
Milcah
,
who
married
Nachor
,
and
Sarai
or
Iscah
who
married
Abram
her
Father's
Brother
.
The
second
was
Nachor
,
Father
to
Chesed
,
or
Phased
:
So
that
Abram
was
the
Youngest
,
who
seems
to
be
born
in
the
130th
,
and
not
in
the
70th
Year
of
his
Father
,
according
to
St.
Stephen's
Discourse
of
the
Ages
of
Terah
and
Abraham
,
when
the
one
dyed
,
and
the
other
departed
from
Haran
.
A.M.
2008.
3.
Abram
,
about
the
70th
year
of
his
Age
,
was
order'd
to
remove
into
the
Land
of
the
Canaanites
,
God
having
promis'd
to
him
that
his
Family
shou'd
become
a
great
Nation
,
and
that
all
the
Nations
of
the
World
should
be
blessed
in
him
.
He
,
pursuant
to
the
command
,
went
with
his
Father
,
Lot
,
and
his
Wife
,
from
Ur
of
the
Chaldees
into
Haran
,
and
dwelt
there
.
It
seems
he
spent
Five
years
at
that
place
,
out
of
tenderness
to
his
Ancient
and
Sickly
Father
:
And
when
the
old
Man
departed
this
Life
,
set
forward
on
his
Journey
to
Canaan
,
in
obedience
to
the
Divine
Precept
.
So
that
the
period
of
Abram
,
and
his
Posterity's
sojourning
in
a
strange
Land
,
is
to
be
measur'd
by
430
years
.
4.
He
sat
first
down
in
Sichem
,
where
God
renewed
the
former
promise
,
with
an
additional
one
of
giving
the
Land
to
his
Seed
:
And
in
this
place
Abram
built
the
first
Altar
to
the
Lord
.
In
the
11th
year
after
his
Entry
into
Canaan
,
he
had
a
Son
call'd
Ismael
by
Hagar
his
Maid
:
And
15
years
after
that
,
God
made
a
Covenant
with
him
about
Isaac
,
that
was
to
be
born
as
next
year
;
and
Instituted
Circumcision
as
a
Token
of
the
Covenant
.
At
that
time
his
Name
was
chang'd
from
Abram
to
Abraham
,
as
being
not
only
a
high
and
mighty
Father
,
but
a
Father
of
many
Nations
.
Sarai
likewise
his
Wife
,
whose
Name
signified
only
my
Mistress
,
as
if
it
related
only
to
one
Family
,
was
call'd
Sarah
,
that
is
,
an
absolute
Mistress
,
or
one
of
many
Nations
.
5.
In
the
same
Year
God
discover'd
to
Abraham
his
Decree
of
destroying
Sodom
,
and
the
other
Cities
;
and
he
not
being
able
to
pacify
the
Divine
Wrath
,
a
Fire
came
down
from
Heaven
that
set
the
Cities
in
a
Flame
,
and
only
Lot
was
saved
.
The
Ground
on
which
they
stood
became
a
dead
Sea
70000
Paces
wide
:
In
which
no
Creature
lives
,
neither
doth
it
afford
any
thing
but
a
sort
of
slimy
Pitch
for
the
use
of
Seamen
;
so
that
the
Heathens
themselves
have
heard
by
Report
,
That
in
the
Ancient
Times
this
Countrey
was
blasted
from
Heaven
.
Lot's
Wife
,
going
out
of
Sodom
,
by
looking
behind
her
was
turn'd
into
a
Pillar
of
Salt
;
which
Josephus
says
was
standing
in
his
time
.
Lot's
Two
Daughters
fancying
that
the
whole
Race
of
Mankind
was
destroy'd
,
made
their
Father
drunk
,
and
embrac'd
him
:
And
from
these
incestuous
Embraces
sprung
Moab
and
Ammon
,
Two
Patriarchs
of
as
many
powerful
Nations
.
6.
When
the
time
was
expir'd
,
according
to
the
Tenour
of
God's
promise
,
Isaac
was
born
in
the
100th
year
of
his
Father
,
and
the
90th
of
his
Mother
,
400
before
the
return
of
the
Israelites
out
of
Egypt
,
37
years
after
Sarah
dyed
.
Then
Abraham
married
Keturah
,
and
had
Issue
by
her
,
which
he
regal'd
with
Gifts
,
and
sent
away
before
he
dyed
.
When
Isaac
was
40
years
old
,
he
gave
him
in
Marriage
Rebekah
,
Daughter
to
Bethuel
,
Son
to
Nachor
his
Brother
:
And
she
after
Twenty
years
barrenness
brought
forth
Twins
;
namely
Esau
and
Jacob
.
7.
At
length
after
15
years
Abraham
,
God's
Darling
,
gave
up
the
Ghost
in
the
175th
year
of
his
Age
;
100
years
after
his
arrival
in
Canaan
,
25
years
after
the
Death
of
Shem
,
in
the
Reign
of
Inachus
in
Greece
,
1821
years
before
the
Birth
of
Christ
,
in
the
year
of
the
World
2183.
Artapanus
,
Charax
,
Berosus
,
Hecataeus
,
and
Nicolaus
Damascenus
,
who
were
all
Heathen
Writers
,
make
mention
of
him
.
8.
Abraham
being
dead
,
God
blessed
Isaac
,
and
made
a
Covenant
with
him
,
48
years
after
Ismael
dyed
,
in
the
137
year
of
his
Age
,
A.M.
2231.
From
Nabaioth
his
Eldest
Son
sprung
the
Nabatheans
,
who
inhabited
a
part
of
Arabia
,
call'd
Petraea
,
from
Petra
the
Metropolitan
.
Among
them
't
was
reckon'd
a
crime
to
Sow
or
to
Plant
,
to
drink
Wine
or
to
build
Houses
:
They
were
fond
of
their
liberty
,
and
lookt
upon
these
things
as
the
Incentives
of
Ambition
.
Kedar
Ismael's
t'other
Son
gave
likewise
the
Name
to
a
part
of
Arabia
,
that
's
frequently
mention'd
in
Scripture
.
Tho'
the
Cushites
,
Midianites
,
and
Ismaelites
were
not
of
the
same
Original
;
yet
since
they
liv'd
together
,
it
seems
they
grew
together
into
one
Nation
of
the
Saracens
.
9.
15
years
after
this
,
Isaac
being
then
blind
,
and
in
the
138th
year
of
his
Age
,
sent
his
Eldest
Son
Esau
a
Hunting
,
to
the
end
that
he
might
feed
upon
Venison
,
and
then
bless
him
.
But
Jacob
by
his
Mother's
cunning
personated
him
;
and
having
already
bought
the
Birthright
for
a
Mess
of
Pottage
,
chous'd
him
of
the
blessing
.
His
Brother
was
so
incensed
at
this
,
that
Jacob
was
forc'd
to
flee
into
Mesopotamia
to
Laban
his
Uncle
,
whose
two
Daughters
he
married
,
having
purchas'd
'em
for
14
years
service
.
10.
By
these
two
Women
,
and
as
many
Handmaids
,
he
had
Twelve
Sons
,
and
One
Daughter
.
After
20
years
hard
service
he
return'd
from
Mesopotamia
into
Canaan
.
While
he
liv'd
there
,
Joseph
his
Son
was
sold
by
his
envious
Brethren
to
Midianite
Merchants
,
and
carried
into
Egypt
in
the
17th
year
of
his
Age
,
and
109th
of
his
Father
.
In
Egypt
he
serv'd
Potiphar
Governor
to
Pharaoh's
Houshold
,
and
was
made
Overseer
of
his
Family
.
After
he
had
serv'd
him
16
years
,
his
Mistress
sollicited
him
to
uncleanness
,
which
he
refus'd
,
and
was
thereupon
charg'd
with
the
same
Crime
,
and
cast
into
Prison
.
11.
About
this
time
his
Grandfather
Isaac
dyed
,
and
was
buried
by
Esau
and
Jacob
his
Sons
;
of
whom
the
former
was
reconcil'd
to
his
Brother
;
and
having
made
an
equal
division
of
their
Goods
,
return'd
to
Mount
Seir
;
God
having
so
order'd
it
,
that
hereafter
when
the
Israelites
should
come
to
repossess
Canaan
,
his
Posterity
shou'd
not
be
thrown
out
of
their
Possessions
.
He
was
likewise
call'd
Edom
,
and
from
thence
the
Country
was
stil'd
Idumea
,
and
under
that
Name
the
Country
of
the
Nabatheans
seems
to
be
included
.
For
it
is
not
improbable
,
That
he
who
married
Nabaioth's
Sister
,
join'd
in
with
them
,
and
headed
them
.
And
this
is
that
famous
Hero
,
who
Christen'd
not
only
Idumea
,
but
likewise
the
Erythrean
,
Idumean
,
or
Red-Sea
,
all
which
signify
the
same
thing
;
for
Erythraeum
among
the
Grecians
signifies
the
same
as
Edom
in
the
primitive
Language
.
12.
While
Joseph
continu'd
in
Prison
,
he
interpreted
the
Dreams
of
two
Courtiers
,
and
the
event
justified
his
interpretation
;
whereupon
after
Two
years
Imprisonment
,
the
King
call'd
for
him
,
his
own
Wise
men
having
fail'd
in
the
interpretation
of
his
Dreams
.
As
his
Dreams
implied
the
Succession
of
7
years
of
Plenty
,
and
as
many
of
Famine
;
so
Joseph
gave
him
such
seasonable
advice
for
laying
up
Provisions
against
the
approaching
Famine
,
that
the
King
perceiv'd
it
surmounted
the
pitch
of
humane
strength
,
and
thereupon
advanc'd
him
to
the
highest
Dignity
in
the
Kingdom
,
giving
him
in
Marriage
Asenatha
,
Daughter
to
Potiphar
,
Governor
of
On
,
or
Heliopolis
.
13.
The
Famine
did
not
only
over-run
Egypt
,
but
also
reach'd
the
Neighbouring
places
of
Canaan
and
Arabia
:
So
that
Jacob
being
pinch'd
by
it
,
sent
his
Sons
to
buy
Provisions
;
where
being
discover'd
by
Joseph
their
Brother
in
disguise
,
they
were
cunningly
charg'd
with
being
Spies
.
But
when
they
came
a
second
time
he
releas'd
Simeon
whom
he
had
kept
as
an
Hostage
,
and
discover'd
himself
to
them
.
They
were
cast
down
,
as
being
conscious
of
their
former
Wickedness
,
but
he
encourag'd
them
,
and
furnished
them
with
all
necessary
Provisions
,
and
sent
them
to
bring
up
their
Father
,
and
his
whole
Family
,
with
all
speed
.
Jacob
was
animated
by
his
Son's
Safety
and
good
Fortune
,
whose
imaginary
Death
he
had
long
lamented
;
and
being
encourag'd
from
Heaven
,
went
cheerfully
down
to
Egypt
,
in
the
130th
year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
Third
year
of
the
Famine
,
in
the
2298th
year
of
the
World
.
14.
He
liv'd
17
years
in
Egypt
,
and
then
adopted
Joseph's
Two
Sons
,
preferring
the
Younger
to
the
Elder
;
and
having
call'd
together
and
bless'd
his
Children
,
gave
up
the
Ghost
.
In
Egypt
his
death
was
lamented
70
or
72
days
:
Then
he
was
carried
into
Canaan
,
and
after
the
Observation
of
7
days
more
of
Mourning
,
was
buried
by
his
Sons
,
attended
by
a
great
Number
of
Courtiers
and
Princes
.
Joseph's
Brethren
deprecating
his
Wrath
,
were
pardon'd
by
him
,
and
freely
provided
with
all
Necessaries
.
15.
At
length
,
having
govern'd
Egypt
under
several
Kings
for
80
years
,
having
liv'd
110
years
,
and
survived
his
Father
50
,
he
ended
his
days
.
Trogus
Pompeius
wrote
several
things
of
him
,
as
it
appears
from
Justin
;
which
are
partly
taken
from
sacred
History
,
and
partly
deriv'd
from
the
Fables
,
which
the
Heathens
,
pursuant
to
their
Custom
,
invented
of
the
Jews
.
The
period
of
Joseph's
Life
,
concludes
the
Book
of
Genesis
,
which
contains
an
account
of
the
Affairs
of
2369
years
.
The
next
to
that
seems
to
be
the
Book
of
Job
,
which
the
Hebrews
always
attributed
to
Moses
.
16.
Joseph
and
his
Contemporaries
being
all
dead
,
the
number
of
the
Israelites
increas'd
every
day
so
much
,
and
became
so
great
,
that
the
King
being
apprehensive
of
the
consequences
,
concerted
measures
to
impair
it
.
First
,
he
order'd
the
Midwives
to
make
away
all
the
Male-children
;
and
when
that
Project
did
not
take
,
issued
out
an
Edict
for
drowning
them
.
About
this
time
was
born
Moses
Son
to
Amram
,
and
Jocabed
,
and
after
three
Months
,
when
he
cou'd
not
be
hid
no
longer
,
was
laid
by
the
brink
of
a
River
in
an
Ark
of
Bulrushes
daub'd
with
Slime
and
Pitch
.
Pharaoh's
Daughter
call'd
by
Josephus
,
Thermutis
,
finding
the
Child
there
,
put
him
out
to
be
Nurs'd
by
the
Mother
,
whom
she
did
not
know
to
be
such
:
Afterwards
she
adopted
him
for
her
Son
,
and
took
care
to
see
him
instructed
in
all
the
Wisdom
of
the
Egyptians
.
17.
When
Moses
grew
up
,
through
Faith
he
refus'd
to
be
call'd
Pharaoh's
Grandchild
,
and
after
the
40th
year
of
his
Age
,
visited
his
Brethren
the
Israelites
,
and
took
their
Burthen
into
his
consideration
;
upon
which
occasion
he
kill'd
an
Egyptian
for
striking
a
Hebrew
.
When
Pharaoh
heard
this
,
he
sought
for
him
in
order
to
punish
him
by
Death
:
Whereupon
he
fled
into
the
Land
of
the
Midianites
,
and
was
kindly
entertain'd
by
Hobab
or
Jethro
,
whose
Daughter
Zipporah
he
married
,
and
stayed
there
40
years
.
18.
When
the
40
years
were
expir'd
,
as
he
was
feeding
the
Sheep
,
he
was
call'd
by
God
,
and
sent
to
Pharaoh
,
to
rescue
the
Israelites
from
their
insupportable
Bondage
.
But
the
Embassy
took
no
Effect
;
nay
on
the
contrary
harder
labour
was
enjoin'd
the
Israelites
,
over
and
above
their
daily
Task
.
Whereupon
after
many
Signs
,
God
,
by
Moses's
Ministry
,
afflicted
the
Egyptians
with
Ten
Plagues
;
Nine
of
which
made
little
impression
upon
the
King
;
but
the
Tenth
,
namely
the
Slaughter
of
all
the
First-born
constrain'd
him
to
dismiss
the
Israelites
.
SECT
II
.
From
the
departure
of
the
Israelites
out
of
Egypt
,
to
the
Death
of
Solomon
,
and
the
Division
of
the
Kingdom
.
1.
THere
went
out
of
Egypt
600000
Israelites
Twenty
years
old
and
upwards
,
besides
Women
and
Children
.
According
to
this
computation
the
total
Sum
of
persons
of
all
Ages
will
amount
to
1500000
,
if
we
follow
the
common
Calculation
of
all
Nations
.
And
the
mixt
multitude
that
accompany'd
them
seems
to
equal
the
number
above-mention'd
.
't
is
apparent
that
70
persons
might
naturally
multiply
into
so
large
a
Number
,
as
I
made
it
out
in
my
Institutions
.
2.
Moses
gather'd
the
People
at
Rameses
,
from
whence
they
mov'd
and
took
up
their
second
Station
at
Succoth
.
From
thence
they
pass'd
to
Etha
,
and
at
length
to
Pihahiroth
,
whither
Pharaoh
pursued
them
;
and
God
dividing
the
Waters
of
the
Red
Sea
,
to
make
way
for
their
Passage
into
the
Desert
,
suffer'd
Pharaoh
and
the
Egyptians
to
be
over-run
by
the
returning
Waves
.
Josephus
lessens
the
Credit
of
this
Miracle
;
thinking
to
gain
Credit
from
the
Heathens
,
by
comparing
it
to
Alexander's
Passage
thro'
the
Bay
of
Pamphylia
:
Whereas
Strabo
tells
us
,
that
when
the
Sea
ebbs
,
this
Bay
is
quite
dry
;
and
even
when
the
highest
Tyde
comes
in
,
't
is
never
so
deep
as
to
be
impassable
.
3.
The
Israelites
spent
a
year
and
a
half
in
the
Desert
,
to
the
end
that
their
Spirits
being
broke
and
debas'd
by
Bondage
,
might
rise
by
degrees
to
the
pursuit
of
Military
and
Civil
Affairs
.
In
this
Interval
of
time
,
their
Moral
,
Judicial
,
and
Ceremonial
Laws
were
enacted
by
God
himself
,
their
Tabernacle
was
erected
,
and
the
Sanhedrim
,
or
a
Court
of
70
Judges
,
was
instituted
.
In
the
5th
Month
of
the
2
Year
,
they
sent
Twelve
Spyes
,
that
is
,
a
Man
for
every
Tribe
,
to
view
the
land
of
Canaan
.
When
they
return'd
,
ten
of
'em
gave
an
ill
Character
of
the
Countrey
,
and
cry'd
up
the
strength
of
the
Towns
and
Inhabitants
so
much
,
that
the
People
were
scar'd
from
pursuing
the
Enterprise
,
and
offer'd
to
return
to
Egypt
,
and
to
stone
Joshuah
and
Caleb
to
Death
,
who
were
the
Two
Spyes
that
differ'd
from
the
other
Ten
.
4.
God
threaten'd
these
Rebels
with
sudden
Destruction
:
and
tho'
by
vertue
of
Moses's
Prayers
he
was
influenc'd
to
delay
it
for
a
time
,
yet
he
sentenc'd
all
above
Twenty
Years
,
bating
Joshuah
and
Caleb
,
to
die
in
the
Wilderness
,
and
the
whole
Body
to
wander
there
40
Years
.
Accordingly
,
the
Ten
Spyes
were
taken
off
by
sudden
Death
,
the
Memory
of
which
Judgment
is
to
this
day
celebrated
by
the
Jews
by
a
Fast
on
the
Seventh
Day
of
the
Sixth
Month
Elul
.
The
surviving
number
,
when
they
were
just
upon
the
Borders
of
Canaan
,
were
order'd
to
return
towards
the
Red
Sea
;
but
marching
up
the
Mountain
contrary
to
God's
Commands
were
routed
by
the
Amalekites
and
Canaanites
,
and
weep'd
in
vain
before
God
.
5.
Upon
the
occasion
of
this
Disaster
,
and
the
continual
and
daily
Death
of
the
Israelites
in
the
Wilderness
,
Moses
compil'd
the
90th
Psalm
,
in
which
he
implies
,
that
the
Life
of
Man
is
confin'd
within
the
Compass
of
70
or
80
Years
.
Which
was
the
third
time
that
Man's
Life
was
shorten'd
by
one
half
;
the
same
having
happen'd
for
the
first
time
immediately
after
the
Deluge
,
and
a
second
time
in
the
Days
of
Phaleg
,
,
when
the
Earth
was
divided
.
6.
Moses
gives
but
a
small
account
of
what
happen'd
in
the
succeeding
38
Years
;
but
in
the
40th
Year
he
tells
us
the
Kings
of
the
Aradites
and
Amorites
were
defeated
.
Pursuant
to
God's
Denunciation
,
all
that
were
fit
for
War
died
in
the
Wilderness
.
Whereupon
Moses
was
order'd
to
number
the
People
a
third
time
,
and
found
there
was
61173
,
aged
twenty
Years
and
upwards
,
besides
23000
Levites
including
all
above
one
Month
old
,
so
that
the
number
of
the
Children
almost
equal'd
that
of
the
Parents
.
7.
At
last
the
Midianites
were
conquer'd
,
and
the
Countries
of
Zihon
King
of
the
Amorites
,
and
Og
King
of
Bashan
,
were
divided
among
the
Children
of
Reuben
and
Gad
,
and
half
the
Tribe
of
Manasseh
.
And
then
Moses
died
,
aged
120
Years
,
five
Months
after
the
Death
of
his
Brother
Aaron
.
He
spent
one
third
of
his
Lifetime
in
the
Administration
of
Affairs
,
since
the
40th
Year
of
his
Age
was
just
expir'd
,
when
he
conducted
the
People
out
of
Egypt
,
A.
M.
2548.
The
Israelites
mourn'd
thirty
Days
for
him
.
His
Death
concludes
the
Pentateuch
,
which
is
follow'd
by
the
Book
of
Joshua
.
8.
After
the
Death
of
Moses
,
Joshua
,
or
Jesus
,
the
Son
of
Nun
,
govern'd
the
People
,
and
conducted
them
into
Canaan
,
on
the
10th
Day
of
the
first
Month
Nisan
.
When
Joshua
pursu'd
his
Enemies
,
the
Sun
and
Moon
stood
still
one
whole
Day
,
to
favour
the
Pursuit
.
No
City
made
Peace
with
the
Israelites
,
excepting
the
Gibeonites
,
who
over-reach'd
them
;
but
they
were
all
destroy'd
,
bateing
a
few
,
whom
God
reserv'd
to
be
imploy'd
in
future
times
,
to
punish
his
Rebellious
People
.
9.
The
Canaanites
being
dispossess'd
of
their
Country
repair
to
the
Sea-side
,
where
they
were
afterwards
Christen'd
Phaenicians
;
they
planted
Colonies
in
several
parts
of
Africa
and
Europe
,
and
particularly
,
in
Fez
and
Morocco
,
where
they
rear'd
up
Pillars
,
with
Inscriptions
in
Phaenician
Letters
,
to
this
purpose
.
We
are
of
that
Nation
,
which
fled
from
before
the
Face
of
Joshua
the
Robber
,
the
Son
of
Nun
.
This
War
with
the
Canaanites
lasted
six
Years
,
and
some
Months
,
as
it
appears
by
the
Age
of
Caleb
in
whose
time
the
Land
was
divided
.
10.
The
Division
of
the
Land
commenc'd
in
the
beginning
of
the
Seventh
Year
from
the
Entry
of
the
Israelites
into
Canaan
,
and
in
the
begining
of
the
2555th
Year
of
the
World
.
It
lasted
a
whole
Year
.
So
that
from
the
Creation
of
the
World
to
the
Finishing
of
this
Division
,
we
reckon
2555
Years
,
and
365
Weeks
,
or
Septenary
Periods
of
Years
,
equalling
the
number
of
natural
Days
in
a
Solar
Year
:
So
that
from
the
begining
of
the
World
,
we
reckon
on
intire
Hebdomas
or
Septenary
Period
of
great
Years
,
each
of
which
contains
as
many
Years
,
as
there
are
Days
in
one
Year
;
viz.
365.
After
the
War
had
lasted
six
Years
,
the
People
rested
in
the
Year
of
the
Division
as
a
Sabbatical
Year
:
So
that
the
commencement
of
the
Sabbatical
and
Jubilee
Years
is
calculated
by
some
from
their
Entry
into
Canaan
,
rather
than
from
the
Division
it self
.
11.
Joshua
being
dead
,
together
with
the
Elders
,
who
being
of
Age
when
they
came
out
of
Egypt
,
had
the
opportunity
of
remarking
the
wonderful
Works
of
God
:
The
Age
that
succeeded
them
forgot
God
,
and
mingled
with
the
Canaanites
by
Intermarriages
,
and
fell
down
before
their
Idols
.
This
incens'd
God
so
much
,
that
he
deliver'd
them
into
the
Hands
of
Tyrants
and
Oppressors
,
who
loaded
them
with
heavy
Afflictions
.
In
the
Interim
he
now
and
then
raised
up
Judges
to
rescue
them
from
the
Calamities
that
had
almost
sink'd
them
;
but
the
People
rejected
their
Counsels
.
12.
Wherefore
the
Lord
decreed
,
that
those
Nations
which
Joshua
spar'd
should
continue
in
the
Country
,
in
order
to
try
his
People
,
and
teach
the
Israelites
the
Art
of
War
.
Accordingly
,
there
were
Five
Lords
of
the
Philistines
left
,
together
with
those
Canaanites
,
Sidonians
and
Hivites
that
inhabited
Mount
Lebanon
from
Mount
Baal-hermon
into
the
entring
in
of
Hamoth
.
The
Israelites
dwelt
among
the
Canaanites
,
Hittites
,
Amorites
,
Perizites
,
Hivites
,
and
Jebusites
;
they
took
their
Daughters
to
be
their
Wives
,
and
gave
their
own
Daughters
to
their
Sons
,
and
serv'd
their
Gods
.
13.
After
the
Land
was
divided
by
Lot
,
God
gave
them
Judges
for
about
450
Years
,
till
the
Days
of
Samuel
the
Prophet
,
according
to
Paul
the
Apostle
.
But
that
Passage
in
the
First
Book
of
the
Kings
,
which
says
,
that
the
Temple
was
founded
by
Solomon
,
only
480
Years
after
their
departure
,
seems
to
go
against
S.
Paul's
Computation
.
For
this
Number
surpasses
the
other
only
by
30
;
whereas
it
should
have
100
more
,
namely
,
the
Six
Years
preceding
the
Division
,
those
of
the
Government
of
Samuel
,
the
Reigns
of
Saul
and
David
,
and
the
Three
Years
of
Solomon's
Reign
preceeding
the
Founding
of
the
Temple
.
Some
endeavour
to
reconcile
these
contradictory
Passages
;
but
others
are
forc'd
to
confess
a
Mistake
in
one
of
the
two
places
.
14.
Some
cry
up
the
untainted
Credit
of
the
Hebrews
,
and
say
it
is
entitled
to
a
Preference
upon
the
score
of
its
Antiquity
.
Others
stand
to
St.
Luke's
Testimony
,
and
alledge
,
That
the
Hebrew
Text
is
more
liable
to
Errors
and
Oversights
.
If
we
reckon
up
the
times
of
the
Judges
,
and
the
Periods
of
their
Persecutions
,
all
apart
,
without
confounding
'em
together
,
then
indeed
this
last
Computation
is
entitled
to
a
Preference
.
But
this
is
the
only
Difficulty
,
the
removal
whereof
would
set
the
whole
Series
of
Years
in
a
clear
Light
,
namely
,
That
by
this
means
the
common
Aera
of
the
World
will
be
enlarg'd
by
the
Accession
of
100
Years
.
15.
The
Scriptures
do
not
expresly
acquaint
us
how
long
Samuel
govern'd
the
Republick
;
but
it
seems
he
govern'd
20
Years
,
that
is
,
from
the
Death
of
Eli
the
Priest
till
the
Election
of
Saul
.
For
when
his
Sons
were
charg'd
with
Bribery
,
and
the
Mal-administration
of
the
Publick
Affairs
;
and
at
the
same
time
the
Philistines
and
Ammonites
made
War
with
the
Israelites
;
they
were
dissatisfy'd
with
their
present
Constitution
,
and
obtain'd
from
God
a
King
,
namely
,
Saul
the
Son
of
Kish
of
the
Tribe
of
Benjamin
.
16.
Saul's
Wickedness
render'd
him
unacceptable
to
God
;
whereupon
David
the
Son
of
Jesse
of
the
Tribe
of
Judah
was
anointed
King
.
Saul
sought
to
kill
him
for
several
years
;
but
at
last
he
and
his
three
Sons
died
in
a
Battel
with
the
Philistines
.
That
Passage
which
says
,
that
God
gave
Saul
to
the
Israelites
for
40
Years
,
must
be
understood
to
include
Samuel's
Government
.
17.
Saul
being
dead
,
David
reign'd
over
the
Tribe
of
Judah
;
and
Seven
years
after
,
the
other
Tribes
came
in
,
Ishbosheth
the
Son
of
Saul
having
perish'd
by
the
Treachery
of
his
own
People
.
He
took
Jerusalem
from
the
Jebusites
,
and
made
it
his
Royal
Seat
.
He
routed
the
Philistines
in
several
Battels
,
and
carried
on
every
thing
prosperously
,
till
God
punish'd
him
for
his
Ingratitude
,
in
his
Adultery
with
Bathsheba
,
and
making
away
Uriah
her
Husband
,
in
order
to
conceal
the
Wickedness
.
At
last
he
took
in
Solomon
his
Son
as
Partner
in
the
Government
,
and
died
Six
Months
after
,
having
reigned
40
years
.
He
was
a
gallant
Warrier
,
an
excellent
Prophet
,
and
a
sweet
Musician
.
His
Death
happen'd
A.
M.
2985.
18.
Solomon
confirm'd
his
Government
,
by
putting
several
Persons
to
Death
.
In
the
fourth
Year
of
his
Reign
,
the
Second
Day
of
the
Second
Month
Ziphi
,
he
laid
the
Foundation
of
the
Temple
of
Jerusalem
,
which
was
built
and
finisht
Seven
Years
after
.
At
the
same
time
he
caus'd
to
be
built
a
Navy
of
Ships
at
Esiongaber
on
the
Red
Sea
,
which
brought
him
every
Year
420
Talents
of
Gold
from
Ophir
.
Besides
the
Temple
,
he
built
likewise
other
Magnificent
Buildings
.
Tho'
God
gratified
his
Wishes
in
giving
him
more
Wisdom
than
to
any
Man
upon
Earth
,
and
loaded
him
with
other
Gifts
beyond
his
Wishes
;
yet
he
arriv'd
at
that
Pitch
of
Ingratitude
,
that
he
first
became
wanton
,
and
then
fell
into
horrible
Idolatry
.
This
provok'd
God
so
,
that
he
denounc'd
the
rending
of
his
Kingdom
.
At
last
Solomon
return'd
to
himself
,
repenting
of
his
Folly
,
as
appears
by
the
Book
of
Ecclesiastes
,
and
died
,
after
he
had
reign'd
40
Years
,
A.
M.
3025.
SECT
III
.
An
account
of
the
Kingdom
of
Judah
from
the
Death
of
Solomon
to
the
fall
of
that
Kingdom
.
1.
SOLOMON
was
follow'd
by
Rehoboam
his
Son
by
Naamah
the
Ammorite
.
The
People
petition'd
him
for
a
Diminution
of
the
heavy
Taxes
laid
on
by
his
Father
,
but
he
following
the
Counsel
of
young
Men
,
by
his
unfavourable
answer
,
provok'd
them
to
revolt
,
and
send
for
Jeroboam
the
Ephrathite
the
Son
of
Nebat
,
out
of
Egypt
,
to
be
their
King
;
under
whose
Reign
,
they
at
once
revolted
both
from
the
House
of
David
and
the
true
Worship
of
God
.
In
memory
of
this
sad
Revolution
an
anniversary
Fast
was
appointed
on
the
23
Day
of
the
Month
Sinan
.
2.
The
Tribes
of
Judah
and
Benjamin
,
and
the
greatest
part
of
the
Levites
,
continu'd
true
to
Rehoboam
.
The
Levites
shifted
their
ancient
Seats
,
for
new
ones
,
in
Judah
and
Jerusalem
;
because
Jeroboam
had
turn'd
them
out
of
the
Priestly
Office
.
To
the
Tribe
of
Judah
that
of
Simeon
is
to
be
added
,
the
Lands
of
the
latter
lying
within
the
Heritage
of
the
former
.
A
part
of
the
Children
of
Dan
were
likewise
planted
within
the
same
boundaries
;
for
the
Tribe
of
Judah
properly
so
call'd
had
a
large
Country
allotted
to
them
,
not
to
be
possess'd
only
by
them
,
but
to
be
under
their
protection
.
3.
However
it
is
said
that
the
Ten
Tfibes
rebell'd
,
because
the
Metropolitan
of
Dan
came
within
Jeroboam's
Dominions
,
or
because
the
Tribe
of
Manasseh
being
scatter'd
into
several
Places
might
be
look'd
upon
as
two
.
The
Kingdom
being
thus
divided
,
the
Northern
Countries
revolted
,
but
those
to
the
Southward
continu'd
in
Subjection
to
Solomon's
posterity
.
Hereafter
the
Successours
of
Solomon
were
stil'd
Kings
of
Judah
,
and
those
of
Jeroboam
Kings
of
Israel
.
But
't
is
to
be
remark'd
that
this
Rule
was
not
observ'd
on
all
occasions
,
for
Jehoshaphat
and
Achaz
are
call'd
Kings
of
Israel
,
notwithstanding
that
it
is
apparent
,
they
only
govern'd
Judah
and
its
confederate
Tribes
.
4.
Rehoboam
design'd
to
make
War
with
the
Rebels
,
but
God
enjoin'd
him
to
desist
.
However
he
and
his
Subjects
Rebell'd
against
the
Lord
,
who
being
incens'd
sent
Shishak
King
of
Aegypt
with
a
mumerous
Army
against
him
.
The
Egyptian
made
himself
Master
of
several
Places
of
Strength
,
penetrating
ev'n
to
Jerusalem
;
where
he
rifl'd
the
Temple
of
God
and
the
Pallace
,
and
took
away
the
Shields
of
Gold
which
Solomon
had
made
;
so
that
Rehoboam
was
oblig'd
to
make
brazen
ones
in
their
stead
.
5.
Next
to
him
was
Abijah
his
Son
,
whose
Mother
in
one
Place
is
said
to
be
Maacah
Absalom's
Daughter
,
and
in
another
Micajah
Daughter
to
Uriel
of
Gibeah
.
Some
think
she
was
Uriel's
Daughter
by
Tamarah
,
and
adopted
by
Absalom
who
seems
to
have
left
no
Issue
behind
him
.
Abijah
following
his
Father's
Footsteps
wag'd
continual
War
with
Jeroboam
,
who
appear'd
in
the
Field
with
800000
,
but
was
so
far
routed
by
the
Army
of
Judah
,
that
was
not
half
his
Number
,
that
he
lost
500000
Men
,
a
larger
number
of
Slain
,
than
any
we
read
of
in
any
other
Battel
.
Abijah
carried
on
his
Interest
vigorously
,
he
married
14
Wives
,
begat
22
Sons
and
15
Daughters
,
but
reign'd
only
3
Years
.
6.
His
Son
Asa
succeeded
him
in
the
later
end
of
the
20th
Year
of
Jeroboam's
Reign
.
He
was
a
good
Man
;
He
repuls'd
100000
of
Ethiopians
that
invaded
his
Kingdom
.
Baasha
the
King
of
Israel
,
incens'd
by
Envy
,
and
provok'd
by
the
perpetual
Revolts
of
his
Subjects
,
built
Ramah
in
the
36th
Year
of
the
Reign
of
Asa
,
in
order
to
prevent
their
going
over
to
Asa
.
King
Asa
by
Gifts
oblig'd
Benhadad
King
of
Syria
to
attack
Basha
,
and
divert
him
from
Ramah
;
which
Asa
quickly
demolish'd
.
But
in
this
Affair
he
trusted
too
much
in
Human
Means
,
and
neglected
God
;
whereupon
he
was
check'd
,
and
continual
War
denounc'd
against
him
.
Being
fretted
by
the
Divine
Message
,
he
was
incens'd
against
the
Prophet
,
and
oppress'd
some
of
his
Subjects
.
In
his
Old
Age
he
was
seiz'd
with
the
Gout
,
of
which
he
died
in
the
41
Year
of
his
Reign
,
having
sought
help
from
the
Physicians
,
and
not
from
God
.
7.
Asa
a
good
Father
was
succeeded
by
Jehoshaphat
a
better
Son
;
who
remov'd
the
High
Places
and
Groves
;
and
in
the
3d
Year
of
his
Reign
sent
his
Princes
,
together
with
the
Levites
,
to
instruct
the
People
in
the
Cities
of
Judah
.
He
was
faulty
in
one
thing
,
namely
,
That
he
enter'd
into
a
League
with
the
Idolatrous
Kings
of
Israel
.
Before
Ramoth
Gilead
he
escap'd
narrowly
with
his
Life
:
and
the
Ships
which
he
had
prepar'd
upon
an
Expedition
to
Ophir
,
to
fetch
Gold
,
were
shatter'd
.
He
reign'd
25
Years
,
or
24
years
and
some
Months
.
8.
Joram
succeeded
to
Jehoshaphat
,
the
wretched
Son
of
an
excellent
Father
.
Being
confirm'd
in
his
Government
,
he
put
to
Death
all
his
Brethren
,
and
some
of
the
Princes
.
The
Children
of
Edom
,
that
from
David's
time
were
subject
to
Judah
,
revolted
in
his
Reign
,
according
to
the
Prediction
of
Isaac
the
Patriach
,
together
with
Libnah
,
a
City
of
Priests
.
God
rais'd
against
him
the
Philistines
and
Arabs
,
who
invaded
his
Country
,
and
carried
off
all
his
Substance
,
together
with
his
Wives
and
Sons
,
bateing
Jehorah
,
the
youngest
.
At
last
he
was
seiz'd
with
an
incureable
Disease
in
his
Entrails
,
which
,
after
two
Years
,
fell
out
.
Thus
,
the
Wretch
was
punish'd
for
his
Idolatry
and
other
hainous
Crimes
,
after
he
had
reign'd
Three
Years
jointly
with
his
Father
,
and
five
Years
by
himself
.
9.
Jehoahaz
(
Alias
Achaziah
and
Azariah
)
succeeded
.
He
follow'd
the
Footsteps
of
Ahab
his
Grandfather
by
the
Mother's
side
,
and
countenanc'd
Idolatry
.
He
went
to
visit
his
Uncle
Jehoram
King
of
Israel
,
and
was
kill'd
along
with
him
by
Jehu
;
when
he
had
scarce
reign'd
one
Year
.
Athaliah
,
Ahab's
Daughter
,
receiving
Advice
of
her
Son's
Fate
,
possess'd
her self
of
the
Government
;
and
in
order
to
establish
it
,
made
away
all
the
Royal
Offspring
,
excepting
Joash
an
Infant
,
her
Grandchild
,
whom
Jehoshabeth
,
Daughter
to
Jehoram
,
and
Wife
to
Jehojada
the
High
Priest
,
had
hid
in
the
House
of
God
.
Six
Years
after
Jehojada
brought
Joash
,
then
Seven
Years
old
,
to
light
,
and
having
kill'd
Athaliah
with
the
Priests
of
Baal
,
anointed
him
as
King
.
10.
While
Jehojada
liv'd
,
Joash
kept
up
to
the
Measures
of
Piety
and
Justice
,
and
repair'd
the
Temple
of
God
,
which
had
then
stood
155
Years
,
having
gather'd
a
Collection
for
that
purpose
.
Jehojada
died
,
aged
130
Years
;
for
the
Jews
observe
,
that
this
Restorer
of
the
Temple
was
born
the
same
Year
,
that
the
Builder
of
the
same
died
.
When
Jehojada
was
dead
,
Joash
fell
in
with
Idolatry
and
Cruelty
;
and
carried
his
Ingratitude
to
that
pitch
,
that
when
Zacharias
the
Son
and
Successour
of
Jehojadah
check'd
him
for
worshipping
Idols
,
he
gave
Orders
to
stone
him
to
death
in
the
Porch
of
the
Temple
.
In
the
end
of
this
Year
he
was
heavily
punish'd
by
an
invasion
of
the
Syrians
,
and
after
their
departure
was
seiz'd
with
grievous
Distempers
,
and
kill'd
by
his
own
Servants
in
revenge
of
the
Blood
of
Zacharias
,
in
the
40th
Year
of
his
Reign
,
A.
M.
3160.
11.
Next
succeeded
Amasiah
his
Son
,
who
seems
to
have
reign'd
jointly
with
his
Father
for
three
Years
,
since
the
Commencement
of
his
Reign
is
dated
in
the
2d
Year
of
Joash
King
of
Israel
.
He
put
to
death
the
Murtherers
of
his
Father
,
but
spar'd
their
Children
,
in
Obedience
to
the
Mosaick
Law
.
At
first
,
things
went
well
with
him
;
but
afterwards
he
fell
in
with
Idolatry
,
slighted
the
Divine
Admonitions
,
and
hurried
himself
headlong
into
Dangers
,
and
at
last
to
Destruction
.
He
disoblig'd
Joash
,
was
taken
Pris'ner
by
him
,
and
largely
fin'd
.
Fifteen
Years
after
a
Conspiracy
broke
out
against
him
;
whereupon
he
fled
to
Lachish
,
but
was
pursued
and
kill'd
,
having
reign'd
29
Years
.
12.
His
Son
and
Successor
Uzziah
,
or
Azariah
;
began
to
reign
in
the
17th
Year
of
Jeroboam
King
of
Israel
:
From
whence
we
gather
,
that
there
was
an
Interegnum
of
twelve
Years
from
the
Death
of
his
Father
,
to
the
time
when
he
,
being
16
Years
of
Age
,
was
elected
King
by
the
People
.
In
his
time
Judah
flourish'd
mightily
.
And
about
the
25
Year
of
his
Reign
,
the
first
Olympiad
was
celebrated
in
the
Morea
,
which
sets
the
series
of
time
in
a
Clearer
light
.
When
he
invaded
the
Priests
Office
,
by
offering
to
sacrifice
,
he
was
smitten
with
a
Leprosy
,
and
thereupon
separated
from
the
Society
of
Mankind
,
Jotham
his
Son
being
intrusted
with
the
Administration
of
Affairs
.
He
reign'd
52
Years
.
13.
Jotham
,
after
his
Father's
Death
,
behav'd
himself
piously
,
and
met
with
all
manner
of
Prosperity
.
When
he
had
reign'd
16
Years
,
Ahaz
his
Son
succeeded
him
,
having
acted
a
part
in
the
Government
7
or
8
Years
before
.
Ahaz
was
mightily
giv'n
to
the
Worship
of
Idols
,
and
committed
many
hainous
Crimes
.
Upon
these
high
provocations
God
stir'd
up
several
Enemies
against
him
,
viz.
Pekah
King
of
Israel
,
Rezin
King
of
Syria
,
the
Edomites
and
Philistines
.
He
sought
help
from
Teglath-Pilezer
,
King
of
Assyria
,
who
made
himself
Master
of
all
Syria
,
took
Rezin
,
and
put
an
end
to
the
Kingdom
of
Damascus
,
which
had
lasted
10
Generations
,
and
expir'd
under
the
same
Royal
Name
,
with
that
which
gave
it
a
Being
.
14.
Tiglathpilezer
,
having
thus
conquer'd
the
Syrians
,
turns
the
dint
of
his
Arms
upon
Pekah
,
and
carries
off
the
Gileadites
and
Nephthalites
into
Assyria
,
as
formerly
he
did
the
People
of
Damascus
.
Ahaz
becoming
a
Slave
to
the
Assyrian
,
found
himself
in
no
better
Condition
:
Being
harden'd
in
Wickedness
,
and
jealous
of
his
Circumstances
,
three
Years
before
his
Death
,
he
made
Hezekiah
his
Son
partner
in
the
Government
;
and
at
last
died
,
having
reign'd
16
Years
.
15.
Hezekiah
open'd
the
Temple
,
restor'd
Religion
,
and
shook
off
the
Yoke
of
Bondage
.
Sennacherib
the
King
of
Assyria
took
this
so
ill
,
that
he
besieg'd
Lachish
,
and
after
he
had
promis'd
to
depart
upon
the
receipt
of
a
Reward
,
broke
his
Promise
,
and
sollicited
the
People
of
Jerusalem
to
revolt
.
Finding
this
Project
successless
,
he
lay
down
before
Libnah
,
a
fortified
City
of
Judah
;
but
upon
advice
that
Shishak
King
of
Ethiopia
was
marching
towards
him
,
he
broke
up
the
Siege
:
But
having
still
an
Eye
upon
the
Riches
of
Judah
,
wrote
a
Letter
to
Hezekiah
,
stuff'd
with
Blasphemies
and
Threats
,
which
did
not
pass
with
Impunity
,
for
in
one
Night
the
Angel
of
the
Lord
cut
off
180000
of
his
Men
;
and
when
he
returned
home
he
was
put
to
death
by
his
own
Children
.
16.
In
those
Days
Hezekiah
was
taken
very
ill
,
and
by
Prayer
obtain'd
the
addition
of
15
Years
to
his
Life
.
Ambassadours
being
then
sent
from
Babylon
to
congratulate
his
Recovery
,
he
shew'd
them
all
his
Treasure
;
and
God
being
offended
by
that
Ostentation
and
Levity
of
Mind
,
denounc'd
,
that
all
should
be
carried
off
to
Babylon
.
He
reign'd
29
Years
,
three
of
which
he
was
join'd
to
his
Father
.
He
abounded
in
Riches
,
was
celebrated
by
Fame
,
and
honoured
with
a
Stately
Funeral
by
the
People
lamenting
their
loss
.
17.
Manasseh
his
Son
and
Successour
,
whom
he
begot
after
the
Recovery
from
his
Illness
,
was
12
Years
of
Age
when
the
Government
came
into
his
Hands
.
For
Idolatry
,
and
all
other
Wickedness
,
he
went
beyond
ev'n
all
the
Kings
of
the
Gentiles
.
But
being
taken
by
the
Babylonians
,
and
bound
in
Chains
,
he
repented
;
and
God
mov'd
by
his
Supplications
,
restor'd
him
to
his
former
Dignity
.
Being
return'd
home
,
he
purg'd
the
Kingdom
from
Idols
,
33
Years
before
his
Death
,
according
to
the
Jews
.
He
reign'd
55
Years
.
18.
Amon
his
Son
succeeded
to
his
Kingdom
and
Idolatry
,
but
not
to
his
Repentance
.
After
two
Years
he
was
kill'd
in
his
own
House
by
a
Domestick
Conspiracy
.
The
People
punish'd
the
Murderers
,
and
set
up
Josiah
his
Son
,
then
8
Years
of
Age
,
to
be
their
King
,
in
the
Fourth
Year
of
the
35th
Olympiad
,
A.
M.
3368.
Josiah
stands
highest
in
the
Roll
of
the
best
Princes
:
he
repair'd
the
Ruines
of
the
Temple
,
and
restor'd
the
ancient
and
pure
Worship
of
God
.
Towards
the
end
of
the
33
Year
of
his
Reign
,
he
unadvisedly
engag'd
in
a
War
with
Neco
,
King
of
Egypt
,
and
wou'd
not
be
diswaded
from
appearing
in
the
Field
in
Person
,
where
he
was
kill'd
,
to
the
infinite
Loss
and
Grief
of
the
People
.
19.
While
Neco
was
diverted
by
other
designs
,
the
People
anointed
Jehoahaz
or
Shallum
his
Son
,
as
King
.
But
he
follow'd
the
Example
of
his
Ancestors
,
in
doing
what
was
evil
in
the
Sight
of
the
Lord
,
and
enjoy'd
his
Kingdom
only
three
Months
.
For
Neco
,
having
compass'd
his
Design
upon
Babylon
,
carried
Jehoahaz
to
Egypt
,
and
set
his
elder
Brother
Eliakim
upon
the
Throne
,
changing
his
Name
to
Jehojakim
,
and
laying
heavy
Taxes
upon
the
Kingdom
.
20.
Neco
was
kill'd
in
the
second
expedition
against
the
King
of
Babylon
:
After
which
Nebuchadnezar
came
to
Jerusalem
,
and
made
Jehojakim
Tributary
to
him
in
the
Fourth
Year
of
his
Reign
.
Four
Yeas
after
Jehojakim
rebell'd
,
and
in
the
Third
Year
of
his
Rebellion
,
being
the
Eleventh
of
his
Reign
,
Nebuchadnezar
return'd
and
took
him
Prisoner
;
but
before
he
could
be
transported
to
Babylon
he
died
,
and
was
buried
with
the
Burial
of
an
Asse
,
according
to
the
Prediction
of
Jeremiah
.
The
Conqueror
put
Jehojachin
in
his
Room
,
who
follow'd
his
Father's
Humour
,
and
was
depos'd
in
the
Second
Year
,
and
the
Government
was
giv'n
to
Mattaniah
,
Son
to
Josiah
,
who
was
Christen'd
Zedekiah
,
because
he
swore
allegiance
to
the
Conquerour
.
21.
Zedekiah
followed
the
Footsteps
of
his
Brother
and
Nephews
,
and
the
People
kept
equal
pace
with
him
in
Wickedness
.
Trusting
to
the
Alliance
of
Pharaoh
,
he
broke
his
promise
of
Allegiance
.
The
King
of
Babylon
,
in
revenge
of
the
Breach
of
promise
,
comes
up
against
him
,
and
took
all
the
Cities
of
Judah
,
excepting
Jerusalem
,
Lachish
,
and
Azekah
,
which
he
likewise
besieg'd
.
The
next
Year
Pharaoh
march'd
out
of
Egypt
in
order
to
relieve
Zedekiah
;
but
upon
advice
that
Nebuchadnezzar
mov'd
towards
him
,
he
retir'd
.
Whereupon
thc
King
of
Babylon
return'd
,
and
renew'd
the
Siege
of
Jerusalem
,
where
the
Famine
prevail'd
so
far
,
that
it
was
taken
the
first
day
of
the
Month
in
the
latter
end
of
the
Eleventh
Year
of
Zedekiah's
Reign
.
22.
Zedekiah
fled
,
together
with
his
Army
;
but
was
taken
in
the
Plains
of
Jericho
,
and
brought
back
to
Riblah
,
where
his
Children
were
put
to
Death
before
his
face
,
his
own
eyes
put
out
,
himself
Bound
in
Chains
and
carried
to
Babylon
,
where
he
ended
his
days
in
Exile
.
The
10th
day
of
the
5th
Month
(
August
27.
)
on
the
very
Sabbath-Day
,
the
Execution
being
perhaps
put
off
till
that
day
,
Nebuzaradan
,
Captain
of
the
Guard
,
burnt
the
Temple
of
God
,
and
the
Palace
,
with
all
the
Houses
of
Jerusalem
.
In
the
same
Month
he
broke
down
the
Walls
of
Jerusalem
,
and
Transported
to
Babylon
all
the
People
that
were
left
in
the
City
,
and
those
who
joyn'd
in
with
the
King
of
Babylon
,
together
with
the
Treasure
of
the
King
and
Princes
,
and
the
Instruments
of
God's
House
.
23.
This
Catastrophe
of
Affairs
,
the
just
consequent
of
Impiety
and
Idolatry
,
happen'd
12
years
after
Jehojakim's
Death
,
390
years
after
the
Death
of
Solomon
,
and
separation
of
the
Tribes
;
(
To
which
Number
if
we
add
two
years
more
,
at
the
end
of
which
the
total
Captivity
was
accomplish'd
,
Gedeliah
being
then
dead
,
we
'll
find
that
it
contains
just
8
Jubilees
:
)
490
years
after
the
beginning
of
Saul's
Reign
:
(
From
whence
't
is
apparent
that
the
Kingdom
of
Judah
lasted
Ten
Jubilees
,
or
Seven
Hebdomades
or
Septenary
Periods
of
years
,
a
Number
equal
to
those
attributed
by
Daniel
to
the
Republick
of
Judah
from
its
Restoration
to
the
coming
of
the
Messias
;
)
and
420
after
the
building
of
the
Temple
,
which
at
that
rate
stood
just
8
Jubilees
with
4
Weeks
,
or
in
all
60
Weeks
of
years
.
24.
Now
if
we
reckon
967
Years
from
their
Entry
into
Canaan
,
by
adding
the
100
Years
mention'd
under
the
Head
of
their
Judges
.
That
Number
will
contain
138
Weeks
of
Years
:
And
according
to
this
computation
there
pass'd
1007
Years
from
their
departure
out
of
Egypt
,
in
which
time
Satan
was
bound
,
and
the
People
of
God
at
liberty
:
And
3515
from
the
Creation
of
the
World
,
which
makes
502
Weeks
of
Years
,
or
71
Jubilees
with
5
Weeks
of
Years
.
25.
Gedaliah
was
set
over
the
sorry
Remains
of
the
People
of
Judah
.
He
freely
offer'd
all
his
Substance
to
his
Subjects
:
But
before
he
had
compleated
one
Year
,
was
kill'd
at
a
Feast
,
to
which
he
had
been
invited
by
one
Ishmael
sprung
from
the
Royal
Blood
.
The
Jews
being
thus
destitute
of
a
Governor
,
many
of
'em
remov'd
to
Egypt
,
notwithstanding
the
Remonstrances
of
Jeremiah
the
Prophet
,
whom
they
consulted
upon
the
matter
,
and
oblig'd
to
go
along
with
'em
;
and
whom
,
if
we
credit
the
Ancients
,
they
afterwards
ston'd
to
Death
,
for
upbraiding
them
with
Idolatry
,
and
threatning
certain
destruction
both
to
them
and
the
Egyptians
.
26.
At
last
,
in
the
23d
Year
of
Nebachadnezzar
,
while
the
King
Besieg'd
Tyrus
,
Nebuzaradan
carried
off
the
Remnant
of
the
Israelites
,
and
the
People
of
Judah
,
to
the
Number
of
745
Souls
;
And
this
was
the
last
Transportation
.
The
Prophecies
of
Jeremiah
and
Ezekiel
,
do
sufficiently
acquaint
us
,
That
the
Jews
who
fled
to
Egypt
were
carried
Captive
,
together
with
the
Natives
,
into
Babylon
,
or
else
put
to
Death
:
But
all
the
Affliction
that
their
impiety
had
drawn
upon
their
Nation
,
did
not
influence
them
to
Repentance
.
SECT
4.
From
the
Division
of
the
Tribes
to
their
Captivity
.
1.
THE
Ten
Tribes
that
Revolted
from
Rehoboam
,
elected
Jeroboam
the
Son
of
Nebat
,
an
Ephramite
to
be
their
King
.
He
was
very
industrious
in
managing
Fortifications
,
and
was
preferr'd
by
Solomon
to
be
Ruler
over
all
Joseph's
House
.
God
being
offended
by
Solomon's
Idolatry
,
promis'd
him
the
Government
of
the
Ten
Tribes
;
whereupon
Solomon
sought
to
kill
him
,
but
he
fled
into
Egypt
,
where
he
lurk'd
till
the
Death
of
Solomon
.
After
his
Death
he
was
sent
for
;
and
first
Headed
the
People
as
Speaker
,
and
afterwards
as
their
King
.
2.
Jeroboam
,
in
order
to
prevent
the
Revolt
of
his
new
Subjects
,
diverted
them
from
going
to
Jerusalem
,
by
erecting
Two
Golden
Calves
at
Bethel
and
Dan
,
to
be
worshipp'd
by
the
stupid
people
.
He
persisted
obstinately
in
pursuing
this
invention
,
notwithstanding
the
promises
and
threats
of
God
to
bring
him
from
it
.
He
died
the
22d
Year
of
his
Reign
.
His
Son
and
Successor
Nadab
Besieging
Gibbethon
of
the
Philistines
,
was
kill'd
by
Basha
,
of
the
house
of
Isathar
,
in
the
second
Year
of
his
Reign
:
And
all
Jeroboams
Race
fell
with
him
.
3.
Nadab
is
said
to
begin
his
Reign
in
the
second
Year
of
Asa
;
and
at
the
same
time
the
Date
of
Basha's
Reign
commonly
commences
in
the
Third
Year
of
Asa
.
Now
in
order
to
reconcile
these
two
passages
,
we
must
know
that
Jeroboam
did
not
Reign
full
22
years
,
but
only
a
part
of
the
22d
Year
;
so
that
the
far
greatest
part
of
Nadab's
First
Year
is
parallel
with
the
greater
part
of
the
Second
Year
of
Asa
;
and
that
Nadab
did
not
Reign
full
Two
Years
,
but
only
one
Year
,
with
part
of
another
.
By
this
means
we
see
,
the
First
Year
of
Basha
will
run
parallel
to
the
far
greatest
part
of
the
Third
Year
of
Asa
.
4.
For
,
in
the
History
of
the
Kings
of
Judah
,
and
Israel
,
these
Remarks
are
commonly
to
be
met
with
:
Namely
,
1.
A
Year
begun
is
reckon'd
as
if
't
were
intire
and
compleat
.
2.
The
Fathers
in
their
lifetime
oftentimes
took
their
Sons
in
to
be
partners
with
them
in
the
Government
.
3.
Some
were
twice
install'd
,
as
Jeroboam
and
Hoshea
.
4.
There
were
many
interregnum's
,
especially
in
the
Kingdom
of
Israel
.
5.
Baasha
did
not
Reign
full
24
Years
,
but
only
23
,
and
a
small
part
of
the
24th
.
Elah
being
dead
,
his
Son
succeeded
in
the
26th
Year
of
Asa
;
and
after
he
had
Reign'd
two
Years
,
he
and
his
whole
Family
was
cut
off
by
Zimri's
Treachery
.
Seven
days
after
,
Zimri
was
defeated
by
Omri
,
whom
the
Army
that
then
lay
before
Gibbethon
had
declar'd
King
:
But
a
division
arising
among
the
People
,
part
of
them
set
up
Tibni
Son
to
Ginath
:
And
that
division
lasted
Three
Years
,
that
is
,
till
Tibni
died
.
6.
Omri
began
to
Reign
in
the
31st
year
of
Asa
,
that
is
,
he
began
then
to
Reign
without
a
Rival
;
for
't
was
in
the
latter
end
of
the
27th
or
beginning
of
the
28
year
of
that
Prince
,
that
he
kill'd
Zimri
.
After
he
had
reign'd
six
years
at
Tirzah
,
he
translated
the
Seat
of
his
Empire
from
thence
to
Samaria
,
which
he
built
upon
a
Hill
that
he
bought
of
one
Semerus
.
He
reign'd
12
Years
.
If
we
reckon
these
12
Years
as
commencing
from
the
Death
of
Zimri
,
so
as
to
include
the
whole
duration
of
his
Government
;
then
Ahab
his
Son
and
Successor
Reign'd
along
with
him
only
2
Years
;
the
Eleventh
Year
of
his
Reign
falling
parallel
with
the
38
of
Asa's
.
But
if
they
commence
only
from
the
Death
of
Tibni
,
then
Ahab
must
have
reign'd
five
Years
jointly
with
his
Father
.
7.
Ahab's
impiety
out-strip'd
that
of
any
of
his
Ancestors
.
He
married
Jezabel
Daughter
to
Ethbaal
King
of
the
Sydonians
,
and
worship'd
Baal
his
Idol
.
When
the
Syrians
besieg'd
Samaria
,
he
routed
them
,
and
in
a
second
engagement
took
Benhadad
their
King
;
but
set
him
at
liberty
again
,
after
entring
into
a
League
with
him
:
for
which
the
Lord
denounc'd
Death
to
him
.
Afterwards
false
Witnesses
being
suborn'd
against
Naboth
for
the
sake
of
his
Vineyard
,
he
got
him
ston'd
to
Death
.
Three
Years
after
the
Conclusion
of
the
Treaty
with
Benhadad
,
the
War
broke
out
again
,
and
he
died
of
a
Wound
receiv'd
in
Battel
,
in
the
22
Year
of
his
Reign
.
8.
His
Son
Ahaziah
succeeded
,
having
acted
a
Part
in
the
Government
in
his
Father's
Life
.
The
Commencement
of
his
Reign
is
dated
in
the
17th
Year
of
Jehoshaphat
,
so
that
he
reign'd
one
Year
and
part
of
another
.
In
his
Days
the
Moabites
,
who
from
David's
time
were
Subject
to
Israel
,
revolted
from
it
.
Next
to
him
follow'd
Joram
his
Brother
who
persecuted
the
Moabites
,
and
himself
was
maul'd
by
the
Syrians
.
As
he
wag'd
War
with
Hazael
Benhadad's
Successor
,
he
receiv'd
a
Wound
in
the
Battel
,
and
return'd
to
Jezreel
to
be
cur'd
.
While
he
was
gone
,
one
of
the
Sons
of
the
Prophets
was
sent
by
Elisha
to
anoint
Jehu
as
King
,
who
was
then
General
to
the
Army
.
Jehu
advanc'd
to
Jezreel
,
and
kill'd
Joram
,
after
he
had
reign'd
12
Years
.
9.
Jehu
cut
off
all
the
Race
of
Ahab
;
but
retain'd
the
Worship
of
Idols
.
Tho'
God
gave
him
a
Promise
,
as
a
Reward
for
his
Service
,
in
punishing
the
Family
of
Ahab
,
that
he
and
his
Posterity
should
enjoy
the
Kingdom
to
the
4th
Generation
:
Yet
,
in
his
time
,
the
Kingdom
was
lessen'd
;
for
Hazael
did
not
only
subdue
the
Gileadites
,
but
likewise
all
the
People
beyond
Jordan
,
and
treated
them
all
cruelly
,
according
to
Elisha's
Prediction
.
The
date
of
the
commencement
of
Jehu's
Reign
is
the
same
with
that
of
Athaliah's
usurpation
over
Judah
.
He
reign'd
28
Years
.
10.
Jehoahaz
succeeded
to
Jehu
in
the
23th
Year
of
Joash
.
He
worship'd
Jeroboam's
Golden
Calves
,
and
enlarg'd
his
Idolatry
by
the
accession
of
the
Samaritan
Grove
.
All
his
time
Hazael
the
King
of
Syria
oppress'd
the
Israelites
;
and
tho'
God
sent
them
a
Deliverer
,
yet
neither
the
Prince
,
nor
the
People
,
repented
.
17
Years
after
he
died
;
and
his
Son
Joash
succeeded
,
his
Reign
being
dated
from
the
37th
Year
of
Joash
King
of
Judah
;
so
that
it
seems
he
reign'd
three
Years
along
with
his
Father
.
He
beat
the
Syrians
thrice
,
and
recover'd
the
Towns
which
his
Father
had
lost
.
He
joyn'd
in
with
King
Ahaziah
,
and
took
Jerusalem
;
and
made
a
Breach
400
Cubits
wide
in
the
Wall
,
and
return'd
to
Samaria
with
all
the
Treasure
of
the
Temple
and
Palace
.
This
Idolater
reign'd
16
Years
.
11.
Next
to
him
was
Jeroboam
his
Son
,
by
whom
God
not
only
sav'd
Israel
,
but
rais'd
'em
to
the
highest
pitch
of
Grandure
,
in
recovering
Damascus
and
Hamath
,
which
by
right
belong'd
to
the
Tribe
of
Judah
,
and
repossess'd
the
Coast
of
Israel
from
the
entring
of
Hamath
to
the
Sea
of
the
Plain
,
according
to
the
Prediction
of
Jonah
,
the
Son
of
Amittai
,
who
being
born
in
Gatho-Chepher
,
a
Town
of
the
Tribe
of
Zebulun
,
in
Galilee
of
the
Gentiles
,
was
a
Prophet
rais'd
up
in
Galilee
;
notwithstanding
that
the
learned
Pharisees
,
the
inveterate
Enemies
of
Christ
,
obtruded
the
contrary
upon
Him
.
12.
Tho'
God
loaded
Jeroboam
with
so
great
and
so
many
Favours
,
yet
his
Ingratitude
was
such
,
that
he
still
countenanc'd
that
inveterate
Idolatry
of
the
Calves
,
introduc'd
by
Jeroboam
his
Predecessour
.
For
all
the
Samaritan
Kings
look'd
upon
that
as
a
secret
and
hidden
Mystery
of
their
Government
:
Which
certainly
was
the
highest
degree
of
Folly
,
since
the
divine
Providence
display'd
it self
to
them
in
so
many
certain
Proofs
.
13.
He
reign'd
41
Years
.
After
his
Death
the
Affairs
of
that
Family
,
and
at
length
those
of
the
Kingdom
it self
,
began
to
stagger
.
There
happen'd
at
this
time
an
Interregnum
of
24
Years
,
for
Zacharias
his
Son
did
not
begin
to
govern
till
the
38
Year
of
Uzziah
.
Now
the
last
Year
ef
Jeroboam's
Reign
falls
in
with
the
14th
of
Uzziah
;
and
Uzziah's
Reign
began
in
the
27th
Year
of
Jeroboam
,
who
reign'd
41
Years
.
14.
Zacharias
following
the
Example
of
his
Ancestours
,
continu'd
his
Reign
only
6
Months
,
being
kill'd
by
Shallum
,
who
usurp'd
the
Government
in
the
29th
Year
of
Uzziah
.
Shallum
was
brought
to
condign
Punishment
for
the
Regicide
,
about
two
Months
after
,
by
Menahem
:
Who
likewise
worship'd
Jereboam's
Calves
,
according
to
the
Impious
Custom
of
the
Kings
of
Israel
;
and
by
that
means
provok'd
the
Lord
to
stir
up
Pul
King
of
Assyria
to
invade
the
Kingdom
,
after
he
had
strugl'd
and
grapl'd
with
many
Troubles
for
almost
22
Months
,
to
secure
to
himself
the
Possession
of
the
Kingdom
.
But
Pul
was
brib'd
by
1000
Talents
of
Silver
to
confirm
his
Right
.
So
that
Menahem
reign'd
10
Years
,
and
then
died
.
15.
Pekahiah
his
Son
succeeded
,
in
the
50th
Year
of
Azariah
,
or
Uzziah
.
Whence
we
gather
,
that
after
Menahem's
Death
there
was
an
Iterregnum
of
at
least
One
Year
.
Unless
we
join
with
some
who
think
that
Menahem
did
not
reign
Peaceably
till
about
a
Year
after
Shallum's
Death
.
So
that
,
by
that
Calculation
,
Pekahiah
must
begin
his
Reign
in
the
beginning
of
the
50th
Year
of
Uzziah
;
and
a
few
Months
being
added
to
Menahem's
10
Years
,
there
will
be
no
necessity
of
an
Interregnum
.
However
Pekahiah
was
a
Prince
of
the
same
Kidney
with
his
Ancestours
;
and
having
reign'd
two
Years
,
was
kill'd
by
Pekah
the
Son
of
Remaliah
.
16.
Pekah
join'd
in
with
the
Syrians
in
afflicting
Ahaz
King
of
Judah
.
He
kill'd
120000
of
the
stoutest
Jews
in
one
Day
.
He
kill'd
Masasiah
the
Kings
Son
with
the
other
Princes
;
and
carried
out
of
Judah
and
Jerusalem
200000
Women
,
Girls
,
and
Boys
,
with
a
very
Rich
Spoil
.
But
the
Prophet
Oded
influenc'd
him
to
release
the
Captives
.
17.
Ahaz
fearing
the
Consequences
of
that
Expedition
,
desir'd
help
of
Tiglath
Pilezer
King
of
Assyria
who
had
quite
overthrown
the
Kingdom
of
Damascus
,
and
transported
the
People
of
Gilead
or
Perea
,
namely
,
the
Reubenites
,
Gadites
,
and
half
the
Tribe
of
Manasseh
,
to
Calah
,
Chabor
,
Haran
and
Neharogosan
;
and
then
having
pass'd
Jordan
,
made
himself
Master
of
all
Galilee
and
carried
the
Inhabitants
to
Assyria
,
together
with
the
Nephthalites
that
remained
after
the
stroke
formerly
inflicted
by
Benhadad
.
20
Years
after
Pekah
was
kill'd
by
Hoshea
the
Son
of
Elah
who
invaded
the
Kingdom
.
18.
Hoshea
the
19th
and
last
King
of
Israel
began
to
reign
in
the
12
Year
of
Ahaz
as
Partner
with
his
Father
for
7
or
8
Years
;
for
he
did
not
administer
Affairs
by
himself
till
the
17
Year
of
Pekah
,
so
that
Hoshea's
Reign
is
rightfully
dated
from
the
20
Year
after
the
inauguration
of
Jotham
.
This
is
the
only
account
can
be
given
,
unless
we
can
produce
some
proof
of
an
Interregnum
for
8
or
9
Years
,
in
which
the
disorder
of
Affairs
kept
Hoshea
out
of
a
peaceable
Possession
.
But
according
to
that
Calculation
,
we
must
add
as
many
Years
to
the
duration
of
his
Reign
.
19.
Hoshea
was
as
Idolatrous
,
but
not
so
obstinate
as
his
Ancestours
.
By
the
advice
of
So
King
of
Egypt
,
he
refus'd
to
pay
the
yearly
Tribute
to
Salmanassar
.
The
King
of
Assyria
smell'd
out
the
Conspiracy
;
and
took
Possession
of
the
Land
of
the
Moabites
,
designing
to
make
all
sure
behind
him
;
and
then
he
invaded
the
whole
Countrey
of
the
Israelites
,
and
laid
siege
to
Samaria
,
in
the
4
Year
of
Hezekiah
,
and
the
9
of
Hoshea
.
20.
Towards
the
end
of
the
third
Year
,
he
carried
the
Town
,
and
carried
off
the
Israelites
to
Chalah
,
Chabor
,
Neharogosan
,
and
the
Cities
of
Media
;
because
they
had
rebell'd
against
their
Lord
and
their
God
.
In
the
Countries
formerly
possess'd
by
them
he
planted
new
Inhabitants
,
that
formerly
liv'd
upon
the
River
Chuth
,
and
were
afterwards
call'd
Samaritans
.
This
was
the
fatal
exit
of
the
Kingdom
of
Israel
,
which
happen'd
255
Years
after
the
Division
of
the
Tribes
,
134
Years
before
the
Destruction
of
Jerusalem
and
the
Transportation
of
the
People
of
Judah
,
A.
M.
3280.
CHAP.
IV
.
The
Affairs
of
the
greatest
Antiquity
,
relating
to
the
Kingdom
of
Egypt
,
contemporary
with
the
Babylonian
Empire
.
1.
IN
the
Division
of
the
Earth
,
Egypt
and
all
Africa
were
allotted
to
Cham's
Posterity
;
and
't
is
thought
he
himself
liv'd
in
Egypt
.
Upon
which
account
David
do's
often
call
it
the
Land
of
Cham
;
Plutarch
would
have
it
Chemia
;
and
Stephanus
,
Hermochymia
.
The
Inhabitants
themselves
christen'd
it
Cham
;
and
the
particular
Divisions
were
call'd
Chemmim
,
Psochemmim
,
and
Psittachemmim
.
2.
The
neighbouring
Places
of
Africa
did
likewise
derive
their
Names
from
the
Posterity
of
Cham
:
Upon
the
River
Magra
,
we
find
the
City
of
Ammon
;
in
the
Island
Meroe
,
the
Temple
of
Ammon
;
in
Barcha
,
the
Town
of
Ammon
commonly
call'd
Panaetonium
;
and
in
the
Country
of
Ammon
,
the
famous
Oracle
of
Jupiter
Hammon
or
Ammon
.
Arabia
likewise
the
neighbouring
Country
bears
proof
of
the
same
Posterity
;
for
the
Word
Ammon
(
without
the
Aspiration
usual
elsewhere
)
is
frequently
us'd
among
them
,
as
it
plainly
appears
from
the
River
Ammon
,
the
Promontory
Ammon
,
and
the
People
of
Ammon
.
3.
When
Cham
died
,
the
Government
fell
into
the
Hands
of
his
second
Son
Misraem
,
or
rather
him
whom
Moses
calls
the
Prince
of
the
Inhabitants
of
Misraim
;
for
that
Word
is
in
the
Dual
Number
,
and
therefore
can
scarcely
be
look'd
upon
as
a
Man's
Name
.
This
Country
in
Scripture
is
often
call'd
Masor
which
is
the
singular
Number
of
Misraim
the
contraction
of
Mesoraim
;
and
signifies
a
fortify'd
or
narrow
Place
.
Now
such
is
Egypt
above
all
other
Countries
.
4.
To
this
very
Day
Cairo
the
Metropolitan
is
call'd
by
the
Arabs
Mesre
,
and
in
former
times
the
Egyptians
call'd
the
first
Month
Mesori
.
But
the
Dual
Number
Misraim
seems
to
imply
that
Egypt
was
divided
into
the
upper
and
the
lower
:
The
former
water'd
by
the
River
Nile
,
as
it
runs
in
one
great
Channel
,
and
divided
into
Thebais
and
Heptanomus
;
the
latter
call'd
by
the
Grecians
Delta
,
from
its
Triangular
Figure
,
where
the
River
is
divided
into
many
Channels
.
5.
Misraim
is
thought
to
be
the
same
with
Osiris
,
the
Son
of
Saturn
,
and
of
Jupiter
Hammon
.
For
the
Grecians
call
Osiris
,
Dionysus
;
and
Diodorus
Siculus
says
he
was
so
call'd
from
his
Father
and
his
Country
;
the
former
signifying
Jupiter
,
and
the
latter
Nyse
,
a
Town
of
Arabia
Faelix
,
built
by
Cham
,
where
it
seems
Misraim
was
born
.
From
the
Reign
of
Osiris
to
the
descent
of
Alexander
the
Great
the
Egyptian
Priests
reckon
up
10000
Years
,
and
some
23000.
6.
But
,
since
't
is
agreed
upon
by
all
,
that
the
various
Motion
of
the
Planets
along
the
Zodiack
,
occasion'd
a
great
variety
in
the
Forms
of
the
Years
us'd
in
Ancient
times
,
't
is
therefore
to
be
conjectur'd
,
that
these
were
only
Lunar
Years
,
that
is
,
each
of
'em
consisting
of
one
Month
.
Accordingly
,
James
Capellus
reckons
1889
Years
from
that
Osiris
to
the
descent
of
Alexander
the
Great
,
beginning
the
Computation
from
A.
M.
1778
,
or
132
Years
after
the
Deluge
at
the
same
time
that
Nimrod
his
Nephew
gave
being
to
the
Babylonian
Empire
.
7.
There
are
a
great
many
Stories
told
of
Osiris
,
and
Isis
his
Sister
whom
he
married
;
which
the
Grecians
fabulously
applyed
to
Bacchus
and
Ceres
.
He
built
the
Egyptian
Thebes
,
with
100
Gates
,
which
was
the
chief
Seat
of
the
first
Kings
.
At
length
he
was
kill'd
by
his
impious
Brother
Typhon
,
who
usurp'd
the
Kingdom
,
but
was
quickly
outted
and
put
to
Death
by
Isis
and
Orus
.
Isis
gather'd
the
Members
of
her
Husband
,
which
Typhon
had
tore
asunder
,
and
instituted
Divine
Honors
to
his
Memory
;
enacting
,
that
each
Tribe
of
Priests
should
worship
some
certain
consecrated
Animal
in
his
Room
.
There
were
various
kinds
of
Animals
consecrated
,
according
to
the
diversity
of
Places
;
But
't
is
universally
agreed
on
,
that
the
Cow
Apis
was
most
esteem'd
and
worship'd
,
by
Reason
of
that
Creature's
Usefulness
for
the
Food
of
Man
.
8.
Now
Apis
was
black
all
over
the
Body
,
with
a
square
white
Spot
,
according
to
Herodotus
in
the
Forehead
,
and
according
to
Pliny
in
the
right
Side
;
resembling
the
Horns
of
the
Moon
when
it
begins
to
wax
;
for
Marcellinus
says
,
it
was
dedicated
to
the
Moon
:
It
had
likewise
the
stamp
of
an
Eagle
upon
its
Back
,
upon
its
Tongue
a
Knot
like
a
Beetle
,
and
double
Rolls
of
Hair
upon
its
Tail
.
When
it
died
,
they
were
mightily
afflicted
,
and
were
diligent
in
quest
of
another
:
Neither
did
their
Lamentation
cease
,
till
they
found
a
Cow
distinguish'd
by
such
Marks
,
in
order
to
make
it
an
Apis
.
9.
The
Egyptians
ador'd
Apis
as
the
greatest
God
,
and
,
as
Macrobius
says
,
worship'd
it
with
a
Veneration
full
of
astonishment
and
fear
.
There
was
a
certain
Period
of
years
determin'd
,
beyond
which
it
was
not
to
go
:
When
it
arriv'd
at
the
Critical
year
,
the
Priests
drown'd
it
in
a
Ditch
.
Some
alledged
this
Cow
was
ador'd
,
out
of
Honor
to
Apys
King
of
the
Argivans
who
went
down
to
Egypt
:
For
that
King
was
reckon'd
a
God
,
and
call'd
Serapis
:
But
there
were
several
Kings
of
that
name
in
several
Places
,
and
Authors
commonly
confound
them
.
10.
The
Course
of
time
,
and
the
Tricks
of
the
Priests
,
who
invented
whatever
tended
to
the
Honor
,
and
conceal'd
whatever
redounded
to
the
Dishonor
of
their
Country
;
have
brought
things
to
that
pass
,
that
we
can
scarce
fix
upon
any
thing
as
certain
in
those
Ancient
Times
.
They
talk
of
a
great
many
Reigns
before
Abram's
Days
:
Whose
Birth
calculated
to
the
43d
year
of
Ninus
they
make
contemporary
to
their
Sixteenth
Reign
.
A
great
deal
of
Pains
and
Labor
is
spent
in
reconciling
and
ordering
these
Governments
.
If
we
approve
of
'em
,
we
must
allot
only
200
years
to
the
first
Fifteen
,
the
time
being
so
short
.
11.
Some
fancy
that
these
were
not
Successions
of
Kings
,
but
only
so
many
Series's
of
Viceroy's
of
different
Sizes
and
Ranks
,
who
govern'd
the
Republick
,
when
the
Kings
were
lazy
.
Eusebius
has
turn'd
and
moulded
these
Reigns
so
variously
,
in
order
to
make
'em
Serviceable
in
the
regulating
of
time
;
that
James
Capellus
thought
it
improper
to
insert
the
Catalogue
of
the
Kings
in
his
Chronicle
;
for
Manetho
,
whom
Scaliger
produces
to
correct
all
the
Errors
of
Eusebius
,
is
least
of
all
to
be
credited
.
However
since
young
Students
ought
to
know
something
of
the
uncertain
times
,
I
reckon
't
will
not
be
amiss
briefly
to
run
over
such
of
those
uncertain
occurrences
as
best
Merit
our
Belief
.
12.
After
Typhon's
Death
,
't
is
said
that
Isis
Reign'd
joyntly
with
Orus
,
or
Horus
,
her
Son
,
who
was
reckon'd
the
last
of
their
gods
.
He
instituted
a
Year
consisting
of
Three
Months
,
which
from
him
was
call'd
{αβγδ}
.
Next
to
the
gods
Reign'd
Menas
,
or
Menis
:
Some
will
have
this
word
only
to
signify
some
Dignity
,
and
alledge
his
Name
was
Osiris
,
or
,
according
to
others
Trismegistus
,
or
,
as
some
would
have
it
,
Sesostris
.
Others
again
give
it
in
for
a
Man's
Name
.
't
is
uncertain
who
succeeded
to
him
,
for
the
Priests
forg'd
a
List
of
52
Kings
succeeding
in
order
,
in
the
space
of
1400
years
.
13.
In
this
uncertain
period
of
Time
,
we
must
have
recourse
to
the
order
of
the
Reigns
,
tho'
it
be
a
blind
one
;
and
passing
over
17
,
for
which
400
years
are
allotted
,
the
18th
must
begin
,
according
to
our
computation
,
Nine
years
before
Eusebius's
method
,
that
is
in
the
107th
year
of
the
Patriarch
Jacob
.
Now
the
first
of
this
List
was
Amos
,
or
Amosis
.
14.
Amosis
,
they
say
,
Reign'd
25
years
.
At
this
rate
,
this
must
be
he
who
preferr'd
Joseph
to
the
highest
Dignities
in
Egypt
.
Eusebius
reckons
11
Kings
from
him
to
Cenchres
,
who
treated
the
Israelites
with
all
manner
of
Indignities
,
and
as
he
pursued
them
upon
their
Flight
,
was
drown'd
in
the
Red-Sea
.
The
Egyptians
have
always
own'd
and
boasted
that
the
Jews
went
out
from
them
;
but
to
avoid
the
Dishonour
,
and
conceal
their
own
Disaster
,
have
obtruded
an
Infinity
of
staring
Lyes
upon
the
vulgar
People
,
by
the
Ministry
of
some
foul-mouth'd
Historians
,
particularly
Manetho
,
Chaeremon
,
Lysimachus
,
and
Apion
the
Grammarian
;
whose
fabulous
Advances
are
sufficiently
refuted
by
Josephus
.
15.
A
certain
Learned
Author
prefers
Manetho's
List
to
that
of
Eusebius
,
and
would
have
the
Name
of
Cenchres
to
be
Ramesses
Miamun
,
who
oppress'd
the
Israelites
with
that
severe
Bondage
.
Indeed
the
long
continuance
of
his
Reign
,
viz.
for
Sixty
Years
and
Two
Months
,
seems
to
imply
some
such
thing
;
and
't
is
probable
the
Town
of
Rameses
,
which
the
Israelites
provided
Materials
for
,
was
so
Christen'd
from
his
Name
.
His
Son
and
Successor
Amenophis
was
brought
to
condign
Punishment
for
his
Cruelty
,
being
swallow'd
up
by
the
Waves
19
years
and
6
Months
after
.
Next
to
Amenophis
,
Manetho
places
Sethosis
,
who
made
Armais
his
Brother
Viceroy
,
and
subdued
a
great
part
of
the
World
with
his
Naval
and
Land
Forces
:
But
upon
Advice
that
his
Brother
usurp'd
the
Government
,
return'd
home
,
and
reduc'd
his
Subjects
to
their
wonted
Allegiance
.
16.
Manetho
adds
,
That
this
Sethosis
was
call'd
Aegyptus
,
from
whom
the
Country
deriv'd
its
Name
;
and
Armais
was
Sirnam'd
Danaus
.
If
these
advances
be
allow'd
,
then
Amenophis
who
was
drown'd
in
the
Red-Sea
,
must
be
that
Belus
,
whom
the
Grecians
give
in
for
the
Father
of
Aegyptus
and
Danaus
.
But
that
Belus
must
not
be
confounded
with
the
Father
of
Ninus
,
(
as
the
Mythologists
do
.
)
He
liv'd
according
to
the
above-mention'd
computation
about
322
years
before
the
taking
of
Troy
,
which
agrees
exactly
to
the
time
of
Amenophis
.
Besides
,
the
Name
of
Rameses
Miamun
quadrates
with
Neptune
:
Since
Mia
without
any
stretch
may
be
deriv'd
from
Moy
,
which
,
in
the
Egyptian
Language
,
if
we
may
credit
Josephus
,
signifies
Waters
.
17.
Neptune
,
they
say
,
begot
Busirides
,
who
at
this
time
liv'd
near
the
River
Nile
,
and
treated
the
Inhabitants
very
barbarously
.
Now
that
Fable
seems
to
be
taken
from
Amenophis's
cruelty
to
the
Israelites
.
Besides
,
Gellius
tells
us
,
That
the
Poets
us'd
to
represent
the
Neptunes
as
cruel
and
barbarous
,
as
deriving
their
Original
from
the
frothy
and
troubled
Sea
:
From
whence
we
conclude
,
that
the
word
Neptune
sprung
from
the
occasion
now
mention'd
.
18.
To
compare
this
account
of
Things
,
with
the
other
given
in
by
the
Grecians
:
Neptune
,
say
they
,
married
Libya
the
Daughter
of
Epaphus
,
and
begot
Belus
and
Agenor
.
Agenor
went
off
to
Phoenicia
,
and
died
there
.
Egypt
was
allotted
to
Belus
,
who
begot
Aegyptus
and
Danaus
upon
Anchinoe
,
the
Daughter
of
Nilus
.
Danaus
was
sent
into
Africa
,
or
Libya
so
call'd
from
his
Mother
.
Aegyptus
conquer'd
the
Country
of
the
Melampodes
or
black
Feet
,
and
Christen'd
it
Egypt
after
himself
,
which
formerly
was
call'd
Aeria
,
and
Potamitis
.
However
,
Manetho's
Sesothes
mention'd
by
Josephus
,
seems
to
be
the
same
with
Diodorus's
Sesooses
,
and
Heredotus's
Sesostres
:
Since
the
Circumstances
of
Power
,
Warlike
Preparations
,
Victories
,
Success
,
and
Magnificence
ascrib'd
to
them
,
resemble
those
of
the
other
.
19.
Next
to
Sesostres
,
his
Son
of
the
same
Name
succeeded
.
He
was
follow'd
by
several
others
,
till
the
days
of
Amoses
,
who
by
his
Tyranny
open'd
a
Door
to
the
Ethiopians
;
whose
King
Artisanes
us'd
his
Power
but
moderately
,
in
punishing
the
Criminals
not
with
Death
,
but
with
cutting
off
their
Noses
,
and
banishing
them
to
the
Confines
of
Egypt
and
Syria
,
where
he
built
a
Town
call'd
Rhinocolura
,
from
the
maim'd
condition
of
the
Inhabitants
.
He
pitch'd
upon
such
a
place
as
by
its
barrenness
and
untemperateness
of
Air
oblig'd
them
to
work
hard
for
their
living
,
which
they
got
by
Fishing
in
the
Sea
that
lay
just
by
them
.
20.
The
Egyptians
at
length
recover'd
their
own
Government
,
and
set
up
Mendes
,
one
of
their
own
Nation
,
to
be
their
King
.
He
spent
all
his
time
in
building
a
Tomb
;
which
,
tho'
inimitable
,
serv'd
for
a
Pattern
to
Daedalus
.
A
long
Anarchy
ensued
;
after
which
,
one
Cetes
,
a
very
ordinary
Man
,
was
made
King
.
The
Grecians
call'd
him
Proteus
.
In
the
time
of
the
Trojan
War
he
was
a
noted
Astrologer
,
and
admirably
well
vers'd
in
the
Knowledge
of
the
Winds
.
This
his
distinguishing
Talent
,
together
with
the
Custom
of
the
Egyptian
Kings
in
wearing
the
various
Forms
of
Creatures
,
Trees
,
and
Fire
,
painted
upon
the
Ornaments
of
their
Heads
,
gave
occasion
to
the
Grecian
Fable
,
That
he
was
a
Man
that
could
transform
himself
into
all
Shapes
.
21.
Remphis
his
Son
made
Mony
his
whole
Business
.
The
next
remarkable
Prince
was
Nileus
,
who
took
a
great
deal
of
Pains
to
turn
the
Water
of
the
River
Aegyptus
upon
the
neighbouring
Grounds
,
and
by
so
doing
christen'd
the
River
Nilus
from
his
own
name
.
The
eighth
in
order
from
Nileus
was
Chemmis
,
who
rear'd
up
the
largest
of
the
three
Pyramids
,
which
is
usually
reckon'd
among
the
Seven
Wonders
of
the
World
.
Herodotus
tells
you
that
one
Cheopes
was
the
first
that
gave
his
mind
to
the
building
of
these
Mad
Piles
;
that
he
prostituted
his
own
Daughter
to
fetch
in
Mony
for
carrying
on
the
Work
;
and
that
the
largest
Pyramid
was
not
finish'd
till
after
20
Years
and
that
by
100000
Workmen
,
for
whose
maintainance
1600
Talents
were
laid
out
upon
Parsley
,
Onyons
,
and
Garlick
.
22.
After
a
long
course
of
Years
,
the
Kingdom
came
once
more
into
the
Hands
of
the
Ethiopians
,
whose
King
Sabacus
,
or
Sabacon
,
put
none
to
Death
in
Egypt
,
but
sentenc'd
the
Criminals
,
in
proportion
to
the
Demerit
of
their
Crime
,
to
heap
up
a
determin'd
Measure
of
Bullwarks
within
the
Cities
where
they
dwelt
.
By
which
means
the
Cities
were
made
more
Stately
.
The
first
digging
up
of
Earth
for
this
use
was
perform'd
by
those
who
had
digg'd
for
the
Channels
of
Rivers
under
Sesostres
.
Sabacus
is
thought
to
be
the
same
with
So
the
Egyptian
,
that
joyn'd
in
the
Conspiracy
,
with
Hoshea
King
of
Israel
,
against
Salmanasar
.
23.
Sathon
the
Priest
of
Vulcan
follow'd
him
.
't
is
said
,
he
put
no
Confidence
in
his
Army
,
but
obtain'd
help
from
God
against
the
Assyrians
.
But
the
Holy
Scriptures
do
plainly
give
us
to
know
,
that
the
Assyrians
invaded
Egypt
,
and
carried
off
in
Captivity
a
large
number
of
the
Inhabitants
.
Some
say
this
Prince
was
follow'd
immediately
by
Tirac
,
or
Tirhak
,
who
oblig'd
Sennacherib
to
retire
,
invaded
Europe
,
and
reach'd
as
far
as
the
Straits
of
Gibraltar
.
24.
After
him
a
two
Years
Anarchy
ensued
,
and
after
that
the
Government
was
adminstred
by
12
Men
;
but
at
last
one
of
them
,
namely
Psammeticus
,
converted
it
into
a
Monarchy
.
This
Prince
lay
29
Years
before
Azot
,
or
Ashdod
,
in
Syria
;
and
't
is
said
,
he
was
the
first
Egyptian
King
,
that
entertain'd
any
correspondence
with
the
Grecians
.
Herodotus
says
,
that
all
the
occurrences
posterior
to
his
Government
are
certain
and
free
of
all
Ambiguity
.
His
Son
and
Successor
was
Necus
,
call'd
in
Scripture
Pharaoh-Neco
,
who
first
attempted
to
run
the
Canal
along
to
the
Red
Sea
,
capable
to
receive
two
Gallies
a
Breast
,
and
four
Days
sailing
long
.
25.
In
digging
this
Ditch
under
Neco
12000
Egyptians
perish'd
;
and
the
King
desisted
from
the
interprise
,
being
discourag'd
by
an
Oracle
acquainting
him
that
the
Work
he
was
upon
would
fall
into
the
Hands
of
a
Barbarian
.
Now
the
Egyptians
,
as
well
as
the
Greeks
,
look'd
upon
all
Nations
as
Barbarous
,
that
did
not
speak
their
Language
.
Neco
giving
over
the
Thoughts
of
perfecting
the
Ditch
,
bended
his
Mind
upon
his
Army
,
and
march'd
against
the
King
of
Assyria
,
upon
which
occasion
Josiah
King
of
Judah
,
appearing
in
the
Field
against
him
,
receiv'd
a
mortal
Wound
.
Neco
plac'd
Jehojakim
his
Son
upon
the
Throne
,
whom
Nebuchadnezar
afterwards
sollicited
to
break
his
Promise
to
Neco
;
whereupon
he
march'd
towards
the
Euphrates
,
and
was
there
kill'd
.
26.
Herodotus
tells
you
that
Neco
engag'd
with
the
Syrians
and
carried
the
Victory
,
and
made
himself
Master
of
Cadytum
a
great
Town
in
Syria
,
the
same
with
Kadesh
mention'd
by
Moses
.
After
his
Death
Psammis
,
or
Psammitichus
his
Son
succeeded
,
and
then
Apries
his
Grandchild
,
who
was
so
lifted
up
with
a
long
course
of
Prosperity
,
that
he
aspir'd
beyond
the
Bounds
of
Human
Nature
.
As
he
besieg'd
Cyrene
,
he
met
with
a
Defeat
,
which
his
Souldiers
charg'd
him
with
,
and
revolted
.
27.
Upon
Advice
of
their
Mutiny
,
he
sent
Amasis
to
pacify
them
;
but
he
was
presently
declared
King
by
the
Army
.
Soon
after
Apries
having
no
Body
to
back
him
,
but
mercenary
Troops
,
was
taken
Prisoner
by
his
Enemies
and
strangled
:
He
thought
before
,
that
he
had
so
establish'd
his
Kingdom
,
that
neither
Gods
nor
Men
could
wrest
it
out
of
his
Hands
.
28.
This
was
the
Exit
of
Apries
,
if
ye
'll
Credit
the
Egyptians
,
who
have
been
very
careful
to
conceal
whatever
tends
to
the
Discredit
of
their
Country
.
But
Josephus's
Account
is
more
agreeable
to
the
Holy
Scriptures
,
scil
.
that
Nebuchadnezar
in
the
23
Year
of
his
Reign
,
and
the
5th
Year
after
the
Destruction
of
Jerusalem
,
subdued
Egypt
,
put
their
King
to
Death
,
and
plac'd
another
on
his
Throne
.
Some
think
Amasis
was
instrumental
in
bringing
this
about
,
and
that
he
was
made
Viceroy
:
Others
alledge
that
the
Assyrian
Viceroy
that
ministred
to
the
Bondage
of
Egypt
,
was
afterwards
kill'd
by
Amasis
,
and
the
others
return'd
from
their
Banishment
.
29.
Amasis
,
a
Man
of
a
mean
Birth
,
was
at
first
but
little
respected
,
tho'
afterwards
he
procur'd
a
great
deal
of
Esteem
;
for
the
Egyptians
Glory
,
that
in
his
time
the
Land
was
most
happy
,
both
in
the
advantage
that
accrued
from
the
River
to
the
Country
,
and
the
Profit
that
the
Inhabitants
made
of
their
Grounds
;
and
that
the
Cities
then
inhabited
were
in
number
1020.
Amasis
enacted
a
Law
,
appointing
every
Man
to
give
an
account
of
himself
to
the
Governor
,
how
he
liv'd
,
and
upon
what
;
annexing
the
Penalty
of
Death
upon
all
that
either
did
not
or
could
not
give
a
good
Account
of
their
way
of
living
.
Solon
the
Athenian
took
this
Law
from
the
Egyptians
,
and
publish'd
it
among
the
Athenians
which
they
always
observ'd
.
30.
't
is
very
probable
that
Amasis
was
Tributary
to
the
King
of
Assyria
,
and
rebell'd
or
else
expell'd
the
Viceroy
;
and
this
was
the
reason
(
whatever
the
Priests
may
have
forg'd
)
that
Cambyses
the
Persian
invaded
Egypt
,
and
made
it
a
Province
of
the
Persian
Empire
.
Indeed
that
was
not
accomplish'd
in
the
Days
of
Amasis
,
for
he
died
in
the
very
beginning
of
Hostilities
.
But
't
was
Psammenitus
his
Son
that
was
conquer'd
,
and
at
once
lost
both
his
Life
and
his
Kingdom
.
31.
As
for
Antiquity
,
the
Kingdom
of
Egypt
was
inferior
to
none
:
tho'
at
the
same
time
the
Priests
have
carried
it
prodigiously
wide
of
the
true
Epocha
.
In
Abrahams
Days
,
before
the
People
of
Israel
had
a
being
,
't
was
a
very
flourishing
Kingdom
.
The
Ethiopians
indeed
boasted
in
a
Preference
upon
the
score
of
Antiquity
,
going
upon
a
Fable
that
Egypt
was
the
Gift
of
the
Nile
:
Whereas
any
who
traces
their
Original
thro'
some
thousands
of
Years
will
find
that
the
slime
cast
up
by
the
River
Nile
did
not
amount
to
any
such
considerable
accession
,
but
that
Towns
are
still
found
in
Egypt
equally
distant
from
the
Nile
.
32.
The
Antiquity
,
which
the
Grecians
claim
a
Right
to
,
is
ridiculous
and
contemptible
upon
the
comparison
with
that
of
the
Egyptians
.
The
Splendour
of
the
Greek
Republicks
is
but
of
Yesterday
;
their
Laws
,
Politicks
,
Religion
,
and
Rights
,
are
late
things
;
and
,
if
we
believe
the
Egyptians
,
are
borrow'd
from
them
.
Indeed
,
it
is
apparent
,
that
the
knowledge
of
Letters
,
Civil
Government
,
and
the
Invention
of
a
great
many
things
,
arriv'd
to
a
considerable
Maturity
among
the
Egyptians
,
before
they
were
ever
heard
of
in
Greece
,
Italy
,
and
the
Western
Parts
of
the
World
.
But
the
Egyptians
are
Proud
of
boasting
,
that
Greece
borrow'd
these
things
from
them
.
33.
Especially
,
they
alledge
;
that
the
whole
Religious
Worship
with
the
Names
of
the
Gods
,
bating
a
few
minute
things
,
foisted
in
to
disguise
the
Truth
,
are
owing
to
them
.
Osiris
,
say
they
,
was
the
true
Bacchus
,
and
the
fable
of
Semele
was
invented
by
Orpheus
.
Isis
was
the
true
Ceres
,
and
the
Egyptian
Hercules
was
not
born
in
the
Age
preceding
the
Trojan
War
,
but
in
the
first
beginning
of
the
World
,
with
which
the
Club
of
Hercules
and
the
Hides
of
Lyons
were
more
suitable
,
as
well
as
the
slaughter
of
Monsters
and
Wild
Beasts
,
with
which
the
Earth
,
in
that
its
impolish'd
Condition
,
did
then
abound
:
Apollo
,
continue
they
,
was
only
Orus
,
who
taught
the
Art
of
Prophesying
,
and
curing
Diseases
by
his
Mother
Isis
.
34.
Here
a
young
Historian
may
take
occasion
to
observe
the
uncertainty
and
inconstancy
of
the
Heathen
Vanities
.
The
same
Person
is
by
one
taken
for
Isis
,
by
another
for
Ceres
,
a
third
Thesmophoris
,
and
a
fourth
Juno
:
and
some
fancy
that
all
these
different
Names
do
properly
relate
to
one
and
the
same
Person
.
Some
take
Osiris
for
Serapis
,
some
for
Dionysius
,
some
for
Pluto
,
some
for
Ammon
and
Jupiter
,
and
some
again
for
Pan
,
as
Diodorus
Siculus
himself
observes
.
35.
Tho'
it
is
not
altogether
true
that
the
World
owes
the
use
of
Letters
to
them
;
yet
it
is
certain
that
the
more
liberal
Sciences
began
to
be
propagated
among
them
in
the
earliest
times
of
Antiquity
.
Besides
the
common
way
of
writing
,
they
likewise
made
use
of
Hieoroglyphicks
,
in
which
a
Letter
signifies
a
Word
,
and
a
Word
expresses
a
whole
Sentence
.
Tho
the
Babylonians
vie
with
them
for
the
Knowledge
of
Astronomy
,
yet
the
evenness
of
their
Ground
and
the
clearness
of
their
Air
,
might
contribute
much
to
promote
their
Knowledge
of
the
Stars
.
36.
It
seldom
rains
in
Egypt
,
the
defect
of
that
Moisture
being
supply'd
by
the
yearly
Inundations
of
the
Nile
.
If
the
World
owes
them
any
thing
upon
the
score
of
Geometry
,
they
were
beholden
for
that
to
their
beneficial
River
,
the
inundations
whereof
defac'd
the
divisions
and
boundaries
of
their
Lands
,
and
so
drove
the
Inhabitants
upon
a
necessity
of
finding
out
a
way
to
Measure
their
Grounds
.
But
in
order
to
prove
that
the
most
ingenious
Arts
and
the
best
Laws
were
translated
from
thence
to
Greece
,
they
give
the
following
account
.
37.
The
Priests
boasted
that
they
met
with
a
List
in
the
Sacred
Archives
,
and
several
other
Evidences
,
importing
that
Orpheus
translated
the
Misteries
of
Ceres
,
and
the
Fable
of
the
infernal
World
,
from
Egypt
;
and
that
the
Acherusian
Lake
,
over
which
they
carried
their
dead
in
a
Boat
to
be
interr'd
,
gave
occasion
to
the
forging
all
the
different
apartments
below
,
and
putting
up
Charon
as
Ferry-man
.
Museus
,
continue
they
,
Melampus
,
Daedalus
and
Homer
travel'd
into
Egypt
for
the
improvement
of
their
Minds
,
as
also
the
Legislators
,
Lycurgus
the
Spartan
,
Solon
the
Athenian
,
and
Plato
;
the
Philosophers
Pithagoras
of
Samos
,
Democritus
of
Abdera
,
Oenopius
of
Chios
,
and
Eudoxus
the
Mathematican
;
who
,
all
of
'em
,
water'd
barren
and
impolish'd
Greece
with
the
Wisdom
they
had
suck'd
in
Egypt
.
38.
The
Invention
of
Philosophy
and
Laws
,
together
with
the
whole
Egyptian
Wisdom
,
are
by
some
attributed
to
Hermes
or
Mercurius
Trismegistus
:
But
we
know
nothing
certain
of
that
Man
,
who
he
was
,
or
when
he
liv'd
.
Cotta
reckons
up
five
Mercuries
:
The
first
sprung
from
Caelus
for
his
Father
and
Dies
for
his
Mother
;
The
second
the
Son
of
Valens
and
Phonoris
,
who
was
call'd
Triphonius
,
and
reckon'd
to
reside
under
the
Earth
;
The
third
the
Son
of
Jupiter
the
third
and
Maja
;
the
fourth
the
Son
of
Nilus
,
whom
the
Egyptians
thought
it
a
Crime
to
mention
;
the
fifth
was
worship'd
by
the
People
of
Pheneum
,
and
,
they
say
,
kill'd
Argus
,
upon
which
account
he
was
set
over
Egypt
,
and
taught
the
Egyptians
Laws
and
Letters
.
39.
He
was
call'd
by
the
Egyptians
Theut
.
But
others
do
justly
attribute
the
Invention
of
Letters
to
the
first
Mercurius
,
who
was
the
true
Theut
,
Thoyoth
,
Thot
,
or
Tautus
;
for
there
can
be
nothing
more
absurd
than
to
say
,
that
Letters
were
first
carried
out
of
Greece
into
Egypt
.
Some
alledge
there
were
two
Egyptian
Mercuries
,
the
former
being
the
Nephew
of
the
latter
;
others
think
Joseph
was
the
only
Mercurius
;
others
again
think
there
was
no
other
besides
Moses
.
Whoever
he
was
,
it
is
apparent
from
his
Books
,
some
of
which
are
lost
and
some
still
extant
,
that
he
was
not
ignorant
of
the
true
Divinity
,
and
merited
to
be
enroll'd
among
the
Sybille
or
Heathen
Prophets
.
40.
The
Egyptians
arrogate
to
themselves
the
Glory
of
planting
many
Colonies
abroad
.
Belus
the
Son
of
Libya
and
Neptune
planted
the
first
in
the
Country
of
Babylon
;
Danaus
planted
a
second
in
Greece
,
fixing
his
Seat
at
Argos
,
which
was
almost
the
Ancientest
City
in
Greece
.
They
plead
the
Circumcision
,
as
an
argument
that
the
Jews
and
Colchi
came
from
them
.
They
alledge
that
Cadmus
and
Phaenices
inhabited
the
Egyptian
Thebes
,
and
carried
the
name
of
the
City
into
Greece
.
Cecrops
,
they
say
,
did
lead
the
first
Athenians
out
from
Sai
the
mouth
of
the
River
Nile
.
Peleus
the
Father
of
Menestheus
,
and
Erechtheus
came
likewise
from
Egypt
;
and
it
was
Erechtheus
his
carrying
a
large
quantity
of
Corn
to
Athens
,
that
gave
rise
to
that
Fable
,
that
Ceres
at
that
time
came
into
Greece
.
41.
The
Government
of
Egypt
in
the
first
times
was
Monarchical
;
and
indeed
in
those
days
it
was
such
every
where
else
.
But
the
Princes
suffer'd
themselves
to
be
confin'd
by
such
Laudable
Statutes
,
that
it
was
not
in
their
Power
to
transgress
the
bounds
of
Equity
and
Justice
,
but
they
were
ty'd
up
to
such
an
administration
as
purchas'd
them
Happiness
at
Home
and
Glory
abroad
.
Sesoosis
or
Sesostris
,
divided
the
Country
into
36
Divisions
,
each
of
which
included
a
certain
number
of
Cities
with
Villages
and
Lands
.
Ten
of
these
belong'd
to
Thebais
,
ten
to
Delta
,
and
the
rest
to
the
interjacent
Countries
.
Each
of
'em
had
its
own
Governour
who
collected
the
Kings
Taxes
and
govern'd
them
.
The
Hereditary
Right
to
the
Lands
was
divided
among
the
Priests
,
King
and
Soldiers
:
The
People
was
divided
into
Shepherds
,
Husbandmen
,
and
Tradesmen
.
42.
The
Court
of
Justice
was
managed
by
30
Judges
,
noted
for
their
Probity
and
Knowledge
in
the
Law
;
ten
whereof
were
elected
out
of
the
Province
of
Heliopolis
,
ten
out
of
Memphis
,
and
as
many
out
of
Thebais
.
If
the
President
was
chosen
out
of
their
Number
,
another
of
the
same
Province
was
put
into
his
place
.
There
were
no
Barristers
employ'd
among
them
,
for
fear
of
disguising
and
sinking
the
Truth
in
deceitful
Words
.
They
had
many
Laudable
Laws
;
none
of
which
was
more
famous
than
that
of
Amasis
,
by
which
they
were
all
oblig'd
,
upon
the
pain
of
Death
,
to
give
an
account
how
they
liv'd
.
43.
They
had
a
very
peculiar
and
remarkable
Statute
,
requiring
all
that
gave
themselves
to
Theft
,
to
enter
their
Names
with
the
Captain
of
the
Thieves
,
and
give
in
to
him
what
they
got
according
to
their
agreement
.
At
the
same
time
whoever
lost
any
thing
were
oblig'd
to
write
down
a
particular
account
of
what
they
lost
,
together
with
the
place
,
day
,
and
hour
in
which
the
loss
happen'd
.
By
this
means
every
thing
was
easily
found
again
,
and
when
the
Goods
were
apprais'd
,
the
true
owner
redeem'd
them
for
a
quarter
of
their
value
.
Thus
,
since
it
was
not
possible
to
keep
all
the
People
from
Theft
,
the
Law-giver
found
a
way
of
recovering
what
was
lost
for
a
small
matter
.
44.
The
first
Egyptian
Law-giver
was
Mnevis
,
who
said
he
had
the
Laws
from
Mercury
;
the
second
Sasyches
;
the
third
Sesostris
that
great
Warriour
;
the
fourth
Bocchoris
,
whose
Aphorisms
were
long
preserv'd
after
him
;
the
fifth
Amasis
,
who
by
his
extraordinary
Wisdom
did
much
promote
the
interest
of
Egypt
:
The
last
was
Darius
the
Son
of
Hystaspes
King
of
Persia
.
45.
As
for
their
Customs
,
all
the
Egyptians
,
bateing
the
Priests
,
were
allow'd
to
Marry
as
many
Wives
as
they
wou'd
.
Their
Children
by
their
Servant
Maids
were
upon
the
same
foot
with
those
by
their
Wives
.
They
were
educated
very
sparingly
,
at
the
rate
of
Twenty
Drachms
of
Silver
for
their
Board
.
Every
Man
bred
up
his
Sons
to
succeed
to
his
Trade
as
well
as
to
his
Estate
.
And
all
of
'em
were
taught
some
Science
or
other
.
They
slighted
Musick
,
as
being
an
Instrument
of
softness
.
They
Purg'd
their
Bodies
once
a
Month
;
but
had
no
Physicians
that
pretended
to
the
Universal
Cure
of
all
Diseases
.
They
that
were
,
were
maintain'd
upon
the
Publick
,
and
ty'd
up
to
certain
Forms
and
Rules
,
which
if
they
transgressed
,
and
if
their
Patients
died
,
they
were
punish'd
for
their
temerity
with
the
loss
of
their
Lives
.
46.
This
was
the
Acient
State
of
the
Affairs
of
Egypt
;
according
to
the
Account
given
by
the
Egyptians
themselves
.
But
some
are
of
opinion
that
this
Form
of
Government
cou'd
not
be
settled
and
lasting
among
them
,
since
it
was
so
insuitable
to
the
Humours
of
the
Kings
who
erected
Pyramids
.
Above
all
this
is
to
be
remark'd
,
that
if
things
were
in
that
posture
;
the
Regulation
of
Joseph
was
quite
abolish'd
,
which
declar'd
the
King
to
be
the
only
Lord
of
the
Land
.
47.
The
People
were
possess'd
with
a
blind
and
furious
superstition
towards
Cows
,
Sheep
,
Dogs
,
Cats
,
Storks
,
Rats
,
Haulks
,
Eagles
,
Goats
,
Wolves
,
Crocodiles
,
Garden
Herbs
,
with
such
kind
of
things
:
Which
at
first
view
,
has
such
a
horrible
Aspect
,
that
it
seems
inconsistent
with
Prudence
,
if
not
with
common
Reason
;
for
let
their
pretences
be
what
they
will
,
there
is
not
the
least
Colour
of
Reason
to
be
alledg'd
for
such
a
Custom
;
which
any
Man
indow'd
with
the
common
Light
of
Nature
would
readily
pronounce
to
be
the
effect
of
Madness
.
CHAP.
V.
The
Ancientest
State
of
Greece
,
contemporary
with
the
Babylonian
Empire
;
together
with
a
particular
Description
of
its
Kingdoms
and
Republicks
.
SECT
.
I.
The
State
of
Greece
in
General
.
1.
WHen
the
Inhabitants
of
this
Country
came
under
one
common
Denomination
,
they
were
first
call'd
Grecians
,
and
afterwards
Hellenes
,
both
Names
being
borrow'd
from
the
People
of
Thessaly
.
For
the
Thessalians
,
formerly
call'd
Graeci
or
Vetusti
,
were
Sirnam'd
Hellenes
,
from
Hellen
the
Son
of
Deucalion
that
govern'd
them
.
The
Sirname
was
so
agreeable
to
all
the
People
,
that
they
neglected
the
other
Name
,
tho'
it
was
chiefly
known
among
all
the
neighbouring
Nations
;
and
Callimachus
,
Sophocles
and
other
Poets
did
not
Scruple
to
make
use
of
it
.
2.
The
first
Grecians
follow'd
a
wand'ring
unsetl'd
way
of
living
,
preying
upon
one
another
in
Mutual
Robberies
.
They
did
no
memorable
Action
before
the
Trojan
War
.
A
little
before
that
time
Minos
clear'd
the
Seas
from
Pirates
,
whereupon
they
began
to
Build
Cities
both
in
the
Isles
and
the
continent
,
and
Greece
began
to
rise
.
But
their
circumstances
were
,
as
yet
,
so
narrow
,
that
when
they
went
to
Troy
they
were
oblig'd
to
maintain
themselves
by
Agriculture
and
plunder
;
because
they
wanted
the
necessary
provisions
in
order
to
attack
the
Town
.
3.
Their
absence
was
so
long
that
it
occasion'd
several
great
Commotions
.
After
the
disorderly
State
of
their
Affairs
was
redress'd
,
they
fitted
out
Colonies
.
The
Athenians
planted
Colonies
in
Jonia
and
the
Islands
of
the
Grecian
Sea
,
and
the
Peloponnesus
and
other
Countries
in
Italy
and
Sicily
;
and
Tyrannical
Governments
were
establish'd
every
where
.
The
Corinthians
were
first
famous
for
naval
Force
,
after
them
the
Ionians
,
Polycrates
Tyrant
of
Samos
,
and
others
.
They
engag'd
in
no
memorable
Land
Battel
,
till
they
embark'd
in
the
difference
between
the
People
of
Chalcis
and
those
of
Eretria
.
In
this
whole
circle
of
Time
they
scarce
had
any
Laws
;
Witness
Homer
who
never
so
much
as
mentions
the
Word
.
This
was
the
State
of
the
common
and
general
Affairs
of
Greece
.
SECT
.
II
.
The
Kingdom
of
the
Sicyonians
.
1.
AEGialeus
did
first
begin
to
Reign
,
near
to
the
bay
of
Corinth
,
upon
the
confines
of
Achaia
,
A.
M.
1915
,
270
Years
after
the
deluge
,
859
Years
after
the
Birth
of
Noah
,
232
Years
before
Inachus
,
1313
Years
before
the
Restoration
of
the
Olympiads
by
Iphitus
,
in
the
Reign
of
Ninus
King
of
Assyria
.
2.
The
Town
was
first
call'd
Aegialea
from
Aegialeus
,
as
also
a
part
of
the
Peninsule
,
which
was
afterwards
christen'd
Peloponnesus
from
Pelope
.
52
Years
after
,
his
Son
Europs
succeeded
him
;
next
to
him
was
Telchines
,
then
Apis
from
whom
the
Peninsule
was
call'd
Apios
,
then
Thelxion
,
in
whose
Reign
the
People
were
so
happy
and
flourishing
,
that
when
he
died
they
worship'd
him
for
a
God
,
by
offering
Sacrifices
and
celebrating
Games
,
which
were
first
instituted
upon
his
Account
.
3.
There
were
8
others
who
interven'd
between
him
and
Corax
,
who
died
without
Children
:
Upon
which
occasion
Epopeus
King
of
Thessaly
possess'd
himself
of
the
Kingdom
.
This
Prince
ravish'd
Antiope
,
Daughter
to
Nycteus
King
of
the
Thebans
;
whereupon
a
War
ensu'd
,
in
which
both
the
Kings
were
mortally
wounded
.
Then
the
Kingdom
came
into
the
hands
of
Lamedon
,
Brother
to
Corax
,
who
deliver'd
Antiope
to
the
Thebans
.
Antiope
,
upon
her
Journey
,
brought
forth
Twins
;
namely
,
Amphion
and
Zethus
,
who
were
found
by
a
Shepherd
and
brought
up
.
Amphion
,
a
famous
Musician
,
and
Zethus
who
was
bred
a
Shepherd
,
did
afterwards
resent
the
Affront
done
to
their
Mother
.
4.
Lamedon
being
engag'd
in
a
War
,
sent
for
Sicyon
the
Son
of
Metion
,
and
Grandchild
to
Erechtheus
by
his
Daughter
Attica
,
whom
he
made
his
Son-in-law
and
Successor
.
From
him
the
City
was
called
Sicyon
,
and
the
Country
Sicyonia
.
He
was
follow'd
in
order
by
8
Kings
;
and
then
,
the
Kingdom
having
stood
962
years
,
the
Priests
of
Apollo
Carnius
,
as
some
will
have
it
,
became
Masters
of
the
Government
.
But
Pausanias
writes
,
that
,
in
the
Reign
of
Lacestades
Son
to
Hippolytus
at
Sicyon
,
Temenus
the
Son
of
Phalx
,
who
had
been
King
of
the
Argives
,
surpriz'd
the
Town
with
the
Dorians
in
the
night-time
.
But
by
reason
that
they
were
both
descended
of
the
Heraclidae
,
made
him
joint
Partner
in
the
Government
.
By
this
means
the
Sicyonians
became
Dorians
,
and
were
reckon'd
as
part
of
the
Argives
,
in
the
871st
Year
before
the
Destruction
of
Troy
,
the
120th
before
the
first
Olympiad
,
A.
M.
2908.
SECT
.
III
.
The
Kingdom
of
the
Argives
.
1.
THis
Kingdom
had
always
the
second
,
if
not
the
first
Rank
in
Antiquity
.
Perhaps
the
Sicyonian
was
ancienter
:
But
if
we
consider
Power
,
Riches
,
and
the
Glory
of
great
Atchievements
,
the
other
does
far
outstrip
it
.
The
Argolick
Bay
lies
near
the
Scyllean
Promontory
and
Myrtoan
Sea
;
near
to
that
was
the
Country
Argos
and
Mycene
built
long
after
,
the
Rivers
Inachus
and
Erasinus
,
and
part
of
Laconia
.
2.
Inachus
was
the
first
who
began
to
Reign
here
,
about
244
years
after
the
Date
of
the
Sicyoman
Kingdom
,
142
Years
after
Abraham
,
676
Years
before
the
Destruction
of
Troy
,
1082
before
the
first
Olympiad
,
A.
M.
2149.
His
Antiquity
gave
Rise
to
the
Proverb
Inacho
antiquior
,
upon
which
Erasmus
may
be
consulted
.
Melissa
his
Sister
and
Wife
bore
to
him
Phoroneus
and
a
Daughter
Io
,
which
is
not
to
be
confounded
with
Io
the
Daughter
of
Jasus
,
as
the
Mythologists
do
.
After
50
Years
Inachus
died
,
and
Phoroneus
succeeded
him
.
3.
Some
took
Phoroneus
for
the
first
of
Mankind
,
the
Son
of
the
River
Inachus
,
and
the
common
Father
of
the
Human
Race
;
and
the
Town
into
which
he
gather'd
the
dispers'd
People
was
call'd
Phoronicum
from
him
.
He
Made
himself
Master
of
the
whole
Peninsula
,
and
by
the
Nymph
Laodice
begat
a
Son
call'd
Apis
,
and
Niobe
his
Daughter
,
who
is
said
to
be
the
first
Woman
that
Jupiter
lov'd
,
with
whom
he
begat
Argus
.
Phoronaeus
reign'd
60
Years
and
then
died
.
4.
Apis
his
Son
and
Successor
had
a
mind
to
Christen
the
Peninsule
by
his
own
Name
.
He
reign'd
34
Years
,
and
then
being
betray'd
by
Thelxion
and
Telchines
,
dy'd
without
Issue
.
Apollodorus
says
,
he
was
kill'd
for
his
Tyranny
.
Others
say
he
went
into
Egypt
,
and
was
worship'd
there
as
a
God
under
the
Name
of
Serapis
:
But
there
were
several
Kings
of
that
Name
,
whom
the
Mythologists
confound
.
Argus
the
Son
of
Niobe
by
Jupiter
succeeded
.
At
that
time
Jupiter
reign'd
in
Crete
.
But
since
many
Kings
were
call'd
by
that
Name
,
and
by
that
means
it
became
liable
to
Ambiguity
;
I
shall
therefore
oblige
the
Young
Historian
with
a
short
Account
of
the
matter
.
5.
Ham
the
Son
of
Noah
was
the
first
who
was
so
call'd
after
his
Death
,
being
worship'd
as
God
under
the
Title
of
Jupiter
Hammon
.
His
Grandchild
Nimrod
,
the
first
King
of
Babylon
and
Assyria
,
was
called
Belus
,
and
Jupiter
Belus
.
In
ancient
Times
there
reign'd
a
King
in
Crete
,
who
was
brought
up
by
the
Curetes
,
or
Idaei
Dactyli
;
and
about
150
Years
after
another
of
the
same
Name
reign'd
in
the
same
Island
,
who
was
the
first
Jupiter
that
was
given
to
Amours
,
whence
Niobe
was
said
to
be
the
first
Woman
that
Jupiter
lov'd
.
6.
Aeolus
the
Son
of
Deucalion
was
so
noted
by
his
Posterity
,
that
he
was
call'd
Jupiter
and
Neptune
.
Picus
King
of
the
Aborigines
was
by
some
call'd
Jupiter
,
and
by
the
Romans
Aeneas
is
call'd
Jupiter
Indiges
.
In
former
Times
every
Nation
had
a
Jupiter
of
their
own
,
whom
they
own'd
for
a
Common
Father
.
The
Ancients
had
likewise
a
Custom
of
calling
the
ancientest
of
their
Kings
Saturn
,
his
Eldest
Son
Jupiter
,
and
the
strongest
of
his
Grandchildren
Hercules
.
It
is
also
to
be
observ'd
,
that
the
Illegal
Issue
of
any
Noble
Woman
was
commonly
laid
to
Jupiter
,
and
sometimes
to
Mars
and
Apollo
.
7.
The
Town
Argos
was
so
call'd
from
Argus
,
as
the
Inhabitants
were
Christen'd
Argi
and
Argivi
,
and
the
Peninsule
Argos
.
In
his
Reign
Greece
began
to
have
Corn
of
its
own
,
by
virtue
of
their
own
Agriculture
,
the
Seed
being
imported
from
abroad
.
Upon
which
Account
Argus
,
after
his
Death
,
was
accounted
a
God
,
and
honour'd
with
a
Temple
and
Sacrifices
.
During
his
Reign
,
and
in
the
times
preceding
that
,
that
Honour
was
engross'd
by
a
private
Man
call'd
Homogyrus
,
as
being
,
the
first
who
yok'd
Oxen
to
the
Plough
.
Argus
had
a
Brother
call'd
Pelasgus
(
the
Father
of
Lycaon
)
from
whom
sprung
the
Pelasgi
,
who
first
inhabited
Arcadia
,
from
them
call'd
Pelasgia
,
and
afterwards
planted
Colonies
in
several
other
Countries
.
8.
Argus
had
four
Sons
by
Evadne
the
Daughter
of
Strymon
,
namely
,
Jasus
,
Peiranthus
,
Epidaurus
,
and
Criasus
;
to
which
number
Pausanias
adds
Phorbas
.
Peiranthus
(
or
Pirasus
)
was
the
first
who
consecrated
a
Temple
to
Juno
,
and
appointed
his
own
Daughter
Callithya
,
or
Callirrhoe
,
or
Io
,
to
be
Priestess
;
and
the
Women
of
that
Order
became
so
famous
,
that
the
Grecians
measur'd
their
Publick
Account
of
Times
by
the
Years
of
their
Priesthood
.
Pausanias
is
the
only
Man
that
says
Pirasus
came
to
the
Crown
;
but
others
say
Criasus
succeeded
to
Argus
,
then
Phorbas
,
and
after
him
Triopas
.
9.
Pausanias
writes
,
that
Triopas
had
two
Sons
,
Jasus
and
Agenor
;
and
that
Jasus
was
King
of
the
Argivans
;
tho'
Eusebius
leaves
him
out
in
the
List
of
their
Kings
.
The
Daughter
of
this
Prince
was
the
famous
Io
,
who
is
said
to
be
ravish'd
by
Jupiter
,
and
thereupon
to
be
transform'd
thro'
Juno's
Envy
;
and
in
passing
the
Thracian
Streight
Christen'd
it
Bosphorus
.
Afterwards
she
went
into
Egypt
,
recover'd
her
Human
Shape
,
bore
Epaphus
the
Builder
of
Memphis
,
and
was
worship'd
as
a
Goddess
under
the
Name
of
Isis
.
Herodotus
writes
,
that
this
Woman
was
ravish'd
by
Phaenician
Merchants
,
and
that
that
was
the
occasion
of
the
Feud
between
the
People
of
Greece
and
those
of
Asia
;
but
at
the
same
time
he
confounds
her
with
the
Daughter
of
Inachus
.
10.
The
Town
was
call'd
Jasos
,
and
the
Citizens
Jasii
,
from
Jasus
.
To
him
succeeded
Crotopus
,
his
Brother
Agenor's
Son
;
whom
others
wou'd
have
to
succeed
to
Triopas
his
Grandfather
.
His
Daughter
Psamathe
being
got
with
Child
by
Apollo
,
laid
out
the
Infant
Linus
.
Upon
the
Discovery
of
this
matter
,
her
Father
put
her
to
Death
:
Which
Apollo
resented
so
much
that
he
punish'd
the
Argivans
with
a
Plague
;
and
they
,
to
pacifie
him
,
appointed
an
anniversary
Mourning
for
the
Child
.
This
Child
is
not
the
same
,
as
some
have
imagin'd
,
with
the
famous
Poet
Linus
.
After
21
Years
Crotopus
was
succeeded
by
Sthenelas
,
and
after
11
Years
he
was
follow'd
by
Gelanor
,
his
Son
.
11.
In
the
Reign
of
Gelanor
,
Danus
the
Brother
of
Aegyptus
came
to
Argos
,
to
make
good
his
claim
to
the
Kingdom
,
as
descending
from
Epaphus
;
and
the
People
sided
with
him
.
Danaus
had
50
Daughters
,
and
his
Brother
had
as
many
Sons
;
but
the
former
was
afraid
to
give
his
Daughters
to
them
in
Marriage
,
being
forewarn'd
by
the
Oracle
to
beware
of
his
Son-in-Law
;
and
thereupon
absented
from
his
own
Country
.
But
Aegyptus
,
fearing
that
his
Brother
might
make
too
great
Alliances
by
the
Marriages
of
his
Daughters
,
dispatch'd
his
Sons
with
an
Army
to
Argos
,
with
orders
either
to
Marry
the
Girles
,
or
kill
their
Father
.
12.
Danaus
seem'd
to
comply
with
his
Brothers
demands
;
but
underhand
provided
a
Dagger
for
each
of
his
Daughters
,
and
order'd
'em
to
murder
their
respective
Husbands
the
first
Night
:
which
accordingly
they
all
did
,
excepting
Hypermnestra
,
and
as
some
say
Bebryce
.
Hypermnestra
was
charg'd
by
her
Father
with
the
neglect
of
her
Duty
,
and
brought
to
a
Tryal
;
but
the
Argives
clear'd
her
.
The
rest
by
so
black
a
Crime
as
parricide
drew
upon
themselves
eternal
Disgrace
,
and
,
as
the
Story
goes
,
were
Condemn'd
in
Hell
to
fill
a
leaky
Vessel
with
Water
,
which
let
out
as
it
receiv
▪
d
.
13.
From
Danaus
the
Citizens
were
call'd
Danai
,
instead
of
Pelasgians
.
't
is
thought
he
built
the
Castle
.
Having
reign'd
50
Years
he
was
follow'd
by
Lynceus
his
Nephew
and
Son
in
Law
,
Husband
to
Hypermnestra
.
Lynceus's
Successor
was
Abas
,
to
whom
Ocalea
bore
Twins
,
namely
Acrisius
and
Proetus
.
The
Story
has
it
,
that
these
two
struggled
for
Preference
in
the
Womb
.
However
,
they
Disputed
the
Kingdom
with
one
another
.
Oftentimes
they
attack'd
one
another
by
open
force
,
and
,
't
is
said
,
they
were
the
first
that
Fought
with
Shields
.
At
last
they
came
to
a
Composition
,
and
the
Patrimony
was
equally
divided
.
Arisius
got
Argos
;
and
Proetus
got
Hiraeum
,
Meda
,
Tiryns
and
the
Seacoasts
.
And
thus
was
the
Kingdom
of
the
Argives
split
into
two
parts
.
14.
Acrisius
Marry'd
Eurydice
,
and
by
her
had
Danae
,
whom
he
shut
up
in
a
Tower
together
with
her
Nurse
,
because
the
Oracle
foretold
him
that
his
Grandchild
would
certainly
be
the
Author
of
his
Ruine
.
But
Jupiter
,
transform'd
into
a
Golden
Shower
,
got
in
to
her
and
begat
Perseus
.
When
she
was
deliver'd
of
the
Child
,
she
and
the
Infant
were
put
into
a
Chest
and
committed
to
the
Sea
;
but
they
were
drove
upon
the
Island
Seryphus
,
where
Dictys
sav'd
and
brought
up
Perseus
.
Perseus
was
the
first
Grecian
Wrestler
,
and
did
many
noble
Exploits
,
He
defeated
and
kill'd
Medusa
Gorgon
the
Daughter
of
Orcus
,
who
liv'd
upon
the
Lake
Triton
.
Now
History
mentions
three
Gorgons
,
namely
,
Medusa
,
Steno
,
and
Euryale
,
the
Daughters
of
Orcus
and
a
Sea-monster
.
15.
Perseus
Married
Andromeda
the
Daughter
of
Cepheus
by
Cassiopeia
,
after
he
had
snatched
her
out
of
the
Jaws
of
a
Whale
.
At
length
when
he
was
in
Pelasgia
,
or
Thessaly
so
call'd
by
the
Pelasgians
a
Wandring
and
Vagabond
People
,
he
invented
the
Game
of
the
Quoit
;
and
while
Teutamias
King
of
the
Larisseans
was
Celebrating
Games
to
the
Honour
of
his
deceas'd
Father
,
he
unfortunately
threw
a
Quoit
that
kill'd
his
Grandfather
Acrisius
.
Some
think
that
the
Council
of
the
Amphictyones
,
which
commonly
met
at
Delphi
,
was
rather
ordain'd
by
Acrisius
,
than
by
Amphictyon
the
Son
of
Deucalion
,
who
Reign'd
in
Athens
100
Years
before
.
16.
But
't
is
not
improbable
that
Amphictyon
first
ordain'd
that
Council
to
meet
at
the
Thermopylae
,
and
that
Acrisius
Translated
it
from
thence
to
Delphi
.
This
place
was
reckon'd
the
Center
of
Greece
,
and
of
Europe
.
It
was
the
Seat
of
that
famous
Oracle
of
Apollo
Pythius
;
and
of
the
Publick
and
Universal
Council
of
Greece
which
met
twice
a
Year
,
to
adjust
differences
between
the
Cities
of
Greece
;
and
which
consisted
of
certain
Commissioners
,
called
Pylagorae
,
delegated
by
each
City
.
This
Council
continued
long
in
its
primitive
constitution
,
till
Philip
King
of
Macedonia
,
cut
off
the
Phocians
from
Voting
,
and
join'd
them
to
his
own
Kingdom
.
A
long
time
after
that
Augustus
Caesar
made
some
Alterations
in
it
;
and
in
the
Reign
of
Antoninus
Pius
it
still
had
a
being
and
consisted
then
of
30
Members
.
17.
Perseus
return'd
to
Argos
,
to
avoid
the
discreditable
Imputation
of
Parricide
:
and
perswaded
Megapenthes
the
Son
of
Praetus
to
exchange
Kingdoms
with
him
.
After
that
he
built
Mycenae
,
so
call'd
,
because
in
that
Place
the
Head
of
the
Handle
of
his
Sword
fell
off
.
Perseus
had
5
Sons
by
Andromeda
,
namely
,
Perses
,
Alcaeus
,
Sthenelus
,
Electryon
and
Mestor
.
The
credulous
Grecians
perswaded
themselves
,
that
Perses
gave
Being
to
the
Persians
.
Alcaeus
begot
Amphitryon
.
Sthenelus
succeeded
his
Father
Perseus
in
the
Kingdom
of
Mycenae
,
after
he
had
reign'd
58
Years
.
Electryon
begat
Alcmena
,
wife
to
Amphitryon
.
18.
About
this
time
the
Kingdom
of
the
Argives
,
having
stood
534
Years
,
was
divided
into
3
or
4
Parts
.
For
Anaxagoras
the
Son
of
Megapenthes
,
contenting
himself
with
a
third
Part
of
his
own
Kingdom
,
gave
the
other
two
to
Melampus
and
Bias
,
the
Sons
of
Amythaon
,
because
Melampus
the
first
Inventor
of
Artificial
Purgation
,
cur'd
the
Daughters
of
Proetus
(
who
were
Anaxagoras's
Aunts
)
of
Madness
;
or
else
,
because
he
found
out
a
Remedy
for
checking
an
Epidemical
Madness
that
reign'd
among
the
Women
of
that
Country
.
19.
Bias
was
follow'd
by
5
Successors
in
a
direct
Line
,
till
the
Days
of
Cyanippus
,
Son
to
Aegialeus
,
who
descended
,
all
of
'em
,
from
Nileus
by
the
Mother's
side
.
Melampus
had
six
direct
Successors
for
as
many
Ages
,
till
the
Reign
of
Amphilochus
Son
to
Amphiaraus
.
But
the
native
Line
,
the
race
of
Anaxagoras
,
continued
to
Reign
much
longer
.
20.
For
Iphis
the
Son
of
Alector
,
and
Grandchild
to
Anaxagoras
,
left
the
Kingdom
to
Sthenelus
the
Son
of
Capaneus
his
Brother
.
After
the
destruction
of
Troy
Amphilochus
went
into
that
Country
,
and
the
People
were
christen'd
Amphilochi
after
him
,
and
about
the
same
time
Cyanippus
dy'd
without
Children
:
So
that
Cylarabes
the
Son
of
Sthenelus
got
the
Kingdom
to
himself
.
Cylarabes
likewise
dy'd
without
issue
:
Whereupon
Orestes
the
Son
of
Agamemnon
,
being
outted
of
his
Fathers
Kingdom
,
possess'd
himself
of
the
Kingdom
of
the
Argives
and
then
of
that
of
Sparta
:
of
which
more
annon
.
21.
Sthenelus
the
Son
and
Successor
of
Perseus
,
begot
Eurystheus
Heir
of
the
Kingdom
;
and
about
7
Months
after
his
Birth
Alcaeus
Hercules
the
Son
of
Amphitryon
and
Alcmena
was
brought
forth
.
And
for
as
much
as
Iphicles
one
of
the
Twins
was
brought
forth
after
Hercules
,
Amphitryon
was
esteem'd
the
Father
of
the
one
,
and
Jupiter
of
the
other
.
22.
From
hence
,
they
took
occasion
to
say
that
Juno
pursu'd
him
with
a
mortal
hatred
,
and
by
the
help
of
Ilythia
,
alias
Lucina
or
Luna
retarded
the
Birth
for
7
Days
.
The
Child
was
call'd
Alcaeus
from
his
Grandfather
and
afterwards
by
reason
of
his
mighty
Achievements
was
Sirnamed
Hercules
.
There
being
several
Persons
of
this
Name
,
which
signifies
Fame
diffus'd
thro'
the
Air
;
and
since
the
Grecians
seem'd
to
attribute
the
exploits
of
several
Persons
to
their
Hercules
,
it
will
not
be
improper
to
insist
a
little
upon
that
Subject
.
23.
Cicero
says
there
were
6
of
that
Name
:
The
first
and
ancientest
begot
of
the
first
Jupiter
and
Lepitus
,
who
,
they
say
,
disputed
with
Apollo
for
the
Tripos
:
The
second
begot
of
Nilus
in
Egypt
,
who
,
they
say
,
contemn'd
the
Phrygian
Letters
:
The
third
Indigetes
sprung
from
the
Ideans
,
to
whom
they
offer'd
Sacrifices
for
the
Dead
.
The
fourth
Son
to
Asteria
Sister
to
Latona
,
whom
the
Tyrians
worship'd
very
religiously
,
taking
Carthago
to
be
his
Daughter
:
The
fifth
call'd
Belus
in
India
:
And
the
last
the
Son
of
Alcmena
.
24.
Diodorus
Siculus
says
there
were
3
Hercules's
,
Servius
mentions
4
,
and
Varro
recounts
44.
Tacitus
writes
that
the
Lybians
said
the
Ancientest
Hercules
was
born
in
their
Country
,
and
those
who
equall'd
him
in
great
exploits
were
honour'd
with
his
Sirname
.
It
is
likewise
to
be
remember'd
,
what
the
Author
of
the
Aequivoca
commonly
ascrib'd
to
Xenophon
observes
;
viz.
That
the
Ancientst
Kings
of
noble
Families
were
wont
to
be
call'd
Saturns
,
their
eldest
Sons
Jupiters
,
and
the
bravest
of
their
Grandchildren
Hercules's
.
25.
Among
all
these
,
he
who
carry'd
the
Club
and
the
Hides
of
Lyons
,
who
kill'd
Monsters
,
and
,
as
the
Story
has
it
,
assisted
the
Gods
against
the
Giants
;
is
rather
to
be
reckon'd
an
Egyptian
,
than
to
be
that
Grecian
who
preceded
the
Trojan
War
by
one
Generation
.
But
he
who
erected
the
Pillars
upon
the
outermost
Boundaries
of
the
World
,
was
certainly
a
Tyrian
,
the
leader
of
those
Phenicians
who
made
an
irruption
into
Spain
as
far
as
Gades
.
And
the
Ambitious
Plea
of
the
Grecians
is
sufficiently
baffl'd
by
this
one
remark
,
that
in
that
Island
of
Gades
there
stood
a
most
Ancient
Temple
,
in
which
Hercules
was
worship'd
in
the
Tyrian
,
and
not
in
the
Grecian
way
.
26.
Sanchoniathon
the
Ancientest
Writer
of
the
Phenician
Annals
,
writes
that
this
Hercules
was
the
Son
of
Demacoon
,
and
that
his
proper
Name
was
Melcarthus
,
which
signifies
King
of
the
City
,
the
Grecians
calling
him
Melicertes
and
Palaemon
.
In
his
own
Country
he
was
likewise
call'd
Diodas
as
being
invok'd
by
Lovers
.
Some
will
have
him
to
be
the
same
with
that
Lybian
or
Egyptian
Person
,
whom
Pausanias
calls
Maceris
,
who
went
to
Delphi
,
and
whose
Son
Sardus
carried
a
Colony
to
Ichnusa
,
and
christen'd
the
Island
Sardinia
.
27.
However
Amphitryon
the
Father
of
Alcaeus
or
Hercules
,
seems
to
have
been
Governor
of
Tiryns
.
Having
kill'd
Electryon
his
Uncle
and
Father-in-Law
,
he
was
was
oblig'd
to
flee
to
Thebes
.
Hercules
being
educated
at
Thebes
,
gave
many
wonderful
Specimens
of
his
Valour
,
and
when
he
was
20
Years
of
Age
,
sail'd
to
Colchis
in
company
of
the
Argonautae
so
call'd
from
the
Ship
Argos
,
in
order
to
get
the
Golden
Fleece
.
28.
The
Projector
and
Head
of
this
adventure
was
Jason
the
Son
of
Aeson
,
of
the
race
of
Aeolus
,
whom
53
noble
Grecians
of
the
first
rate
accompany'd
.
After
4
Months
they
return'd
home
.
Medea
the
Daughter
of
Aeetas
,
having
fallen
in
Love
with
Jason
,
betray'd
the
Golden
Fleece
into
his
Hands
,
and
came
with
him
to
Corinth
.
Upon
their
Voyage
to
Colchis
they
met
with
a
storm
off
of
Sigaeum
a
promontory
of
Troas
,
where
Hercules
kill'd
a
Whale
,
and
rescu'd
Hesione
the
Daughter
of
Laomedon
from
its
Monstrous
Jaws
.
Afterwards
Laomedon
refus'd
to
give
Hercules
the
reward
he
had
stipulated
;
whereupon
Hercules
took
Troy
,
slew
the
King
,
and
set
his
Son
Priamus
upon
his
Throne
.
29.
Hercules
,
upon
his
return
to
Greece
,
instituted
Games
to
the
Honour
of
Jupiter
Olympius
.
Afterwards
Eurystheus
being
Jealous
of
his
greatness
,
and
plotting
his
ruine
,
press'd
him
to
undertake
the
12
famous
exploits
.
1.
He
kill'd
the
Lyon
of
Nemea
.
2.
The
Serpent
at
Lerna
,
with
a
hundred
Necks
and
as
many
Serpents
Heads
growing
out
of
one
Body
;
of
which
when
one
was
cut
off
two
started
up
in
the
Room
on
't
.
3.
He
brought
off
the
Wild
Boar
of
Erymanthus
alive
,
and
in
the
same
expedition
defeated
the
Centaurs
.
4.
He
catch'd
a
Hind
with
Golden
Horns
,
notwithstanding
it
's
extreme
swiftness
,
and
brought
it
to
the
King
.
30.
In
the
5th
place
he
unkennel'd
the
Birds
of
the
Lake
Stymphalis
.
6.
He
clean'd
Augea's
Stable
without
any
assistance
,
by
bringing
up
the
River
Peneus
to
it
.
7
He
brought
the
Bull
out
of
Creet
,
which
Pasiphae
is
said
to
have
been
in
love
with
;
and
at
the
same
time
assisted
the
Gods
against
the
Giants
,
and
releas'd
Prometheus
.
8
He
brought
Diomedes's
unruly
Horses
out
of
Thracia
.
9.
He
made
War
with
the
Amazons
and
carry'd
the
Girdle
of
Hipolyta
.
31.
The
10.
labour
injoin'd
him
by
Eurystheus
,
is
said
to
be
this
,
to
drive
away
Geryon's
Oxen
which
fed
in
the
maritim
Places
of
Spain
:
Whereas
Geryon
did
not
Reign
in
Spain
,
but
in
Epirus
,
near
to
Ambracia
and
Amphilochus
.
So
that
this
expedition
into
Spain
is
rather
to
be
attributed
to
Hercules
the
Tyrian
,
who
at
the
same
time
is
said
to
have
kill'd
Antaeus
and
Busiris
,
and
to
have
erected
Pillars
upon
the
Boundaries
of
the
World
.
11.
He
brought
Cerberus
out
of
Hell
.
12.
At
last
he
cross'd
over
to
Africa
and
brought
off
the
Aples
belonging
to
the
Hesperides
.
32.
At
last
,
after
many
noble
Atchievements
,
his
Wife
Deianira
being
possess'd
with
a
furious
Jealousy
put
upon
him
a
Garment
tainted
with
Poison
,
which
Nessus
the
Centaur
at
his
Death
(
enjoyn'd
by
Hercules
for
offering
to
ravish
his
Wife
)
recommended
as
an
excellent
thing
for
creating
Love
.
The
Story
is
,
that
the
Poyson
soak'd
thro'
to
his
Shirt
,
and
ate
away
the
Flesh
all
over
his
Body
;
whereupon
in
the
extremity
of
his
Torment
he
threw
himself
into
a
Fire
upon
the
Mountain
Oeta
,
and
was
burn'd
to
death
.
Some
are
of
the
Opinion
,
that
he
was
mad
when
he
threw
himself
into
the
Fire
.
He
dy'd
when
he
was
52
Years
old
,
A.
M.
1776.
33.
Eurystheus
being
apprehensive
of
the
danger
he
was
in
,
made
War
with
the
Heraclidae
;
but
had
the
misfortune
to
be
worsted
and
slain
together
with
all
his
Children
.
The
Heraclidae
endeavour'd
a
Restoration
,
but
were
disappointed
:
So
that
Atreus
the
Son
of
Pelops
,
who
at
this
time
govern'd
Argi
,
got
the
Kingdom
of
the
Mycenae
.
This
Pelops
was
the
Son
of
Tantalus
the
Phrygian
,
who
about
an
hundred
Years
before
being
beaten
by
Ilus
King
of
Troy
,
fled
to
Greece
,
and
marry'd
Hippodamia
the
Daughter
of
Oenomaus
King
of
Elis
.
Having
got
Pisa
with
her
as
a
Dowry
,
he
afterwads
master'd
almost
the
whole
Peninsule
,
which
deriv'd
from
him
the
Name
of
Pelopponnesus
.
34.
He
had
several
Children
by
Hippodamia
;
by
the
marrying
of
whom
,
or
rather
by
the
vast
Summs
of
Money
which
he
brought
into
Greece
,
he
insinuated
himself
into
several
Cities
.
The
most
noted
of
his
Sons
were
Atreus
,
Thyestes
and
Plisthenes
.
The
first
two
succeeded
their
Father
,
after
he
had
reign'd
54
Years
.
Plisthenes
dy'd
while
he
was
yet
young
,
and
left
his
two
Children
Agamemnon
and
Menelaus
to
the
charge
of
Atreus
.
Atreus
marry'd
Aerope
the
Mother
of
these
Children
,
and
the
Daughter
of
Minos
.
Thyestes
being
found
guilty
of
adultery
with
her
was
first
banish'd
;
but
afterwards
was
recall'd
and
entertain'd
with
the
flesh
of
his
own
Children
at
Table
.
35.
After
the
Death
of
Eurystheus
,
Atreus
having
master'd
all
the
Peloponnesus
,
put
the
Heraclidae
to
flight
.
He
was
reckon'd
a
famous
Astrologer
.
He
adopted
his
two
Nephews
Agamemnon
and
Menelaus
,
who
succeeded
him
18
Years
before
the
Trojan
War
.
Agamemnon
being
a
Man
equally
noted
for
his
Valour
and
Prudence
,
master'd
not
only
Mycenae
and
Argi
,
but
the
whole
Country
as
far
as
Sicyon
and
Corinth
,
and
that
part
of
the
Country
which
was
then
call'd
Jonia
,
Aegialea
and
afterwards
Achaia
.
Menelaus
reign'd
in
Lacedemon
,
having
marry'd
Helena
the
Daughter
of
Tyndareus
the
Lacedemonian
King
.
Paris
the
Son
of
Priamus
stole
away
his
Wife
,
which
was
the
cause
of
the
Trojan
War
.
In
order
to
present
you
with
a
brief
account
of
this
War
,
it
will
be
necessary
to
premise
a
succinct
Scheme
of
the
Kingdom
of
the
Trojans
.
36.
Dardanus
the
Son
of
Jupiter
and
Electra
the
Daughter
of
Atlas
,
having
left
Arcadia
,
planted
a
Colony
in
Phrygia
;
and
having
marry'd
Batea
the
Daughter
of
Teucer
and
the
Grandchild
of
Scamander
,
setl'd
in
that
Country
which
was
afterwards
call'd
Troas
;
and
there
built
the
City
Dardanum
,
about
the
2530
Year
of
the
World
,
in
the
reign
of
Sthenelus
at
Argi
.
Erichthonius
his
Son
and
successor
was
prodigiously
Rich
,
and
marry'd
Calirrhoe
the
Daughter
of
Scamander
,
by
whom
he
had
a
Son
call'd
Tros
,
from
whose
name
the
Country
was
call'd
Troas
.
37.
Tros
had
3
Sons
,
namely
,
Ilus
,
Assaracus
,
and
Ganymedes
.
Ilus
succeeded
his
Father
Assaracus
and
begot
Capys
the
Father
of
Anchises
and
Grandfather
of
Aeneas
.
Ganymedes
,
being
a
beautiful
boy
,
was
ravish'd
by
Tantalus
,
whereupon
a
War
broke
out
,
in
which
Tantalus
was
outted
of
Paphlagonia
.
King
Ilus
built
a
City
upon
plain
Ground
,
which
being
the
Metropolitan
,
was
call'd
by
the
Grecians
Ilium
,
and
by
the
Latins
Troja
,
which
name
more
properly
belongs
to
the
Country
.
Pelops
the
Son
of
Tantalus
was
worsted
in
the
War
which
he
wag'd
with
Ilus
.
Laomedon
the
Son
of
Ilus
was
at
once
strip'd
of
his
Kingdom
and
Life
,
for
offering
to
cheat
Hercules
of
the
reward
he
had
stipulated
for
saving
his
Daughter
.
38.
Podarces
the
Son
of
Laomedon
was
Sirnam'd
Priamus
;
and
was
very
famous
for
his
Riches
and
the
largeness
of
his
Kingdom
.
He
begat
50
Sons
,
17
of
which
were
by
Lawful
Marriage
.
One
of
whom
,
call'd
Paris
Alexander
,
came
to
Lacedemon
and
ravish'd
Helena
:
Upon
notice
whereof
the
Princes
of
Greece
joined
together
,
and
resenting
the
affront
as
if
it
had
been
given
to
themselves
,
chose
Agamemnon
to
be
their
head
,
and
declar'd
War
against
Priamus
,
and
oblig'd
themselves
by
an
Oath
never
to
return
till
they
had
taken
Troy
.
39.
The
heads
of
this
Expedition
,
were
Nestor
,
the
2
Ajax's
,
Achilles
,
Ulysses
,
Thoas
,
Podalirius
,
Machaon
,
and
Tlepolemus
.
It
's
said
,
120000
Men
were
Transported
in
a
Fleet
of
1000
Ships
.
As
soon
as
they
arriv'd
in
Troas
,
they
had
a
slight
Skirmish
,
and
then
sent
Ambassadors
to
demand
Helena
.
But
Priamus
was
so
far
influenc'd
by
the
Counsel
of
Young
Men
,
and
so
indulgent
to
Paris
,
that
he
rejected
their
demands
.
Then
the
War
broke
out
on
both
sides
,
and
lasted
for
10
Years
.
40.
Upon
the
Grecian
side
Protesilaus
,
Patroclus
,
Euphorbus
and
Achilles
were
slain
.
In
the
Trojan
Army
,
Hector
,
Troilus
and
Paris
,
Sons
to
Priamus
,
Mnemon
Son
to
Tithon
the
King's
Brother
,
and
Penthesilea
the
Amazon
,
underwent
the
same
Fate
.
At
last
the
Town
was
taken
by
a
Stratagem
,
and
Menelaus
recover'd
his
Wife
Helena
,
and
slew
Deiphobus
who
Married
her
after
the
Death
of
Paris
.
Priamus
was
kill'd
by
Pyrrhus
,
or
Neoptolemus
the
Son
of
Achilles
.
But
Antenor
and
Aeneas
with
some
others
escap'd
out
of
the
Grecian
hands
.
This
famous
Destruction
of
Troy
happen'd
in
the
10
Year
of
the
Seige
,
408
Years
before
the
first
Olympiad
,
1182
before
Christ
,
A.
M.
2821.
41.
Among
the
Grecians
who
surviv'd
the
War
,
the
two
Ajax's
dy'd
before
their
return
;
one
of
'em
,
viz.
The
Son
of
Telamon
laid
violent
hands
on
himself
,
after
he
lost
Achilles's
Armour
by
the
decision
of
the
Army
,
or
by
Ulysses
cunning
;
the
other
,
the
Son
of
Oileus
was
lost
at
Sea
:
Ulysses
is
said
to
have
been
toss'd
to
and
again
several
Years
:
Menelaus
was
8
Years
absent
from
Home
:
Agamemnon
indeed
return'd
Home
;
but
was
presently
Murder'd
by
Aegisthus
the
Son
of
Thyestes
,
with
whom
Clytemnestra
his
Wife
(
the
Daughter
of
Tyndareus
)
not
only
committed
Adultery
,
but
Conspir'd
to
bring
about
that
detestable
Parricide
.
42.
Agamemnon
had
by
Clytemnestra
one
Son
,
namely
Orestes
,
and
3
Daughters
.
Orestes
was
with
some
difficulty
sent
out
of
the
way
by
Electra
his
Sister
,
for
fear
of
Aegisthus
,
before
his
Father's
return
.
About
8
Years
after
his
Fathers
Death
,
he
recover'd
his
Kingdom
,
and
put
Aegisthus
and
his
Mother
to
Death
.
Being
seiz'd
with
a
furious
Remorse
for
killing
his
Mother
,
he
submitted
his
Case
to
the
Areopagites
,
whose
decision
clear'd
him
,
there
being
just
as
many
Voices
for
him
as
against
him
.
Cylarabes
the
Son
of
Sthenelus
being
dead
without
Issue
,
he
obtain'd
the
Kingdom
of
the
Argives
;
and
afterwards
upon
the
death
of
Menelaus
came
to
that
of
Lacedemon
.
43.
By
this
means
the
Kingdom
of
the
Argives
was
once
more
united
,
about
140
Years
after
its
Division
into
4
Parts
.
Orestes
Transported
a
Colony
of
Eolians
into
Asia
,
about
4
Ages
before
the
Ionians
went
thither
,
and
at
last
dy'd
in
Arcadia
,
after
he
had
reign'd
70
Years
.
He
left
two
Sons
,
one
Tisamenus
by
Hermione
the
Daughter
of
Menelaus
,
the
other
a
bastard
by
the
Daughter
of
Aegisthus
.
Tisamenus
succeeded
his
Father
,
but
was
soon
after
expell'd
his
Kingdom
by
the
Heraclidae
.
Paterculus
writes
that
both
the
Sons
reign'd
after
the
Death
of
Orestes
.
44.
The
Heraclidae
made
many
successless
attempts
to
return
into
the
Peloponnesus
.
Hyllus
the
Son
of
Hercules
attempted
it
twice
,
and
Clodeus
and
Aristomachus
once
,
but
both
were
equally
unfortunate
.
Aristomachus
left
3
Sons
,
Temenus
,
Cresphontes
,
and
Aristodemus
.
They
chiefly
laid
claim
to
3
Parts
of
the
Peloponnesus
,
namely
,
1.
Argi
,
as
being
the
posterity
of
Perseus
▪
whereas
Tisamenus
the
present
Possessor
descended
of
Pelops
,
who
had
no
Title
to
that
Country
.
2.
Lacedemon
,
because
Hercules
restor'd
Tyndareus
when
he
was
outted
by
Hypocoon
,
upon
this
Condition
,
that
he
shou'd
hold
the
Kingdom
only
as
a
Depositum
.
3.
Messenia
,
grounding
their
Title
upon
this
Plea
,
that
when
Hercules
destroy'd
Pylus
,
he
likewise
deposited
this
Country
in
the
Hands
of
Nestor
.
45.
Having
built
a
Fleet
upon
the
Coast
of
Aetolia
,
from
whence
the
Place
was
call'd
Naupactus
,
they
pretended
to
go
by
the
Isthmus
,
but
in
effect
were
bound
for
Molycrium
.
Upon
their
arrival
in
the
Peloponnesus
they
gain'd
that
Country
without
great
difficulty
.
Temenus
got
Argi
,
Cresphontes
cunningly
hook'd
in
Mesenia
to
himself
;
but
Lacedemon
fell
to
Proclis
and
Eurysthenes
Sons
to
Aristodemus
,
who
had
been
slain
by
the
Sons
of
Pyladas
and
Electra
,
and
Tisamenus's
Cousins
.
46.
Tisamenus
and
the
Achaians
,
being
thus
outted
of
Argolis
and
Lacedemon
by
the
Heraclidae
and
Dorians
,
were
upon
certain
Terms
entertain'd
by
the
Jonians
then
inhabiting
the
Peloponnesus
.
But
afterwards
the
Jonians
grew
Jealous
,
that
the
Valour
and
Quality
of
Tisamenus
,
might
induce
both
People
to
choose
him
King
,
whereupon
a
War
broke
out
and
Tisamenus
was
kill'd
in
Battel
.
However
the
Achaians
drove
the
Jonians
to
Attica
,
where
the
Athenians
by
advice
from
their
King
Melanthus
,
receiv'd
them
into
their
City
,
not
so
much
out
of
deference
to
their
former
friendship
,
as
out
of
fear
of
the
Dorians
.
47.
Temenus
being
possess'd
of
Argi
,
his
Sons
out
of
envy
to
Deiphontes
his
Son-in-Law
,
whom
he
too
much
respected
,
made
away
with
him
.
Cisus
the
eldest
succeeded
his
Father
.
But
the
People
was
so
much
at
Deiphontes's
beck
,
and
so
fond
of
their
Liberty
,
that
the
regal
Power
was
confin'd
to
a
very
narrow
compass
,
and
the
posterity
of
Cisus
had
little
else
but
the
name
of
a
King
.
So
that
this
Kingdom
was
converted
into
a
Democracy
,
about
40
Years
after
the
Restoration
of
the
Heraclidae
690
after
the
Reign
of
Inachus
,
A.
M.
2940.
48.
A
certain
learned
Author
endeavours
to
prove
from
Aeschylus
the
Tragedian
,
that
this
Government
of
the
Inachidae
was
highly
Monarchical
.
Another
gathers
from
Pausanias
that
it
was
very
moderate
and
limitted
by
some
Authority
in
the
People
,
and
that
,
because
the
Argives
at
first
are
said
to
be
very
careful
of
their
Liberty
,
and
to
have
dethron'd
Meltas
,
the
Son
of
Lacidaus
and
Grandchild
to
Medon
:
For
tho'
Herodotus
mentions
a
King
of
the
Argives
,
yet
there
the
Word
King
signifies
only
a
magistrate
accountable
to
the
People
,
as
in
several
other
Places
.
49.
However
the
People
having
the
Supreme
Authority
in
their
Hands
,
were
divided
into
3
Tribes
.
Under
them
was
a
Senate
,
to
be
elected
every
year
,
for
preparing
Affairs
to
be
laid
before
the
Convention
,
for
executing
the
Laws
,
and
some
other
Ministerial
Services
.
There
was
likewise
another
Society
of
80
Men
,
that
took
Care
of
part
of
the
Republick
;
besides
the
{αβγδ}
,
whom
we
take
to
be
City
Magistrates
and
Judges
of
Courts
.
All
these
Courts
and
Offices
are
expresly
mention'd
in
a
formal
Treaty
between
the
Athenians
,
Argivans
,
Mantineans
and
Eleans
;
which
is
extant
in
Thucydides
.
5.
All
the
ancient
Records
that
we
are
Masters
of
,
do
not
furnish
us
with
any
further
Account
of
the
Republick
of
the
Argives
.
That
City
wag'd
frequent
Wars
with
the
Lacedemonians
their
Kinsmen
and
Neighbours
,
which
was
chiefly
occasion'd
by
reciprocal
Pretensions
to
some
Lands
in
the
Neighbourhood
,
adjacent
to
Thyre
.
Not
to
speak
of
their
mutual
Emulation
,
and
vying
with
one
another
for
the
Preference
.
To
which
you
may
add
this
Consideration
,
That
the
Lacedemonians
hated
that
Popular
Government
which
the
Argives
were
fond
of
;
and
on
the
other
hand
,
the
Argives
hated
the
Lacedemonian
Aristocracy
.
But
we
shall
have
occasion
to
continue
our
Account
of
the
Argives
elsewhere
.
SECT
.
IV
.
The
ancient
State
of
the
Kingdom
and
Republick
of
Athens
.
1.
THE
Kingdom
of
the
Athenians
was
founded
by
Cecrops
,
who
began
first
to
reign
in
Attica
(
then
Acte
)
in
the
Reign
of
Triopas
the
Argivan
,
374
Years
before
the
destruction
of
Troy
,
780
Years
before
the
first
Olympiad
,
A.
M.
2449.
2.
Neptune
and
Minerva
are
said
to
have
quarrel'd
about
christening
the
new
City
.
The
debate
was
remitted
to
a
general
assembly
of
the
People
,
in
which
the
Men
voted
for
the
former
and
the
Women
for
the
latter
,
but
the
number
of
the
Women
carry'd
it
for
Minerva
;
which
Neptune
took
so
ill
,
that
he
punish'd
the
new
Citizens
by
an
inundation
of
their
Lands
.
The
Athenians
,
in
order
to
attone
for
the
Crime
,
doom'd
the
Women
to
a
threefold
punishment
,
1.
That
they
shou'd
never
be
admitted
to
vote
in
their
Conventions
.
2.
That
none
of
the
Children
should
be
call'd
by
their
Mother's
Names
.
3.
That
they
shou'd
not
be
allow'd
the
Title
of
{αβγδ}
;
whereupon
they
were
call'd
{αβγδ}
.
3.
But
now
that
we
are
speaking
of
Minerva
,
it
is
proper
to
observe
that
several
Women
have
been
dignified
with
that
name
.
Cicero
in
his
3
Book
de
natura
deorum
reckons
up
5
;
the
1st
the
Mother
of
Apollo
by
Vulcan
;
the
2d
the
Daughter
of
Nilus
,
worship'd
by
the
Aegyptians
of
Sais
;
the
3d
the
Daughter
of
Jupiter
Caetius
;
the
4th
the
Daughter
of
Jupiter
and
Coryphe
Daughter
of
Oceanus
,
whom
the
Arcadians
call
Coria
,
and
give
out
for
the
inventor
of
Coaches
.
4.
The
5
the
Daughter
of
Pallas
,
who
is
said
to
have
kill'd
her
Father
for
offering
to
deflour
her
.
The
2d
of
these
was
reckon'd
a
Goddess
at
Athens
;
she
built
the
City
of
Sais
,
and
was
call'd
by
the
Egyptians
Neuth
.
Cecrops
is
said
to
have
erected
a
Statue
to
her
Honour
in
Egypt
,
and
to
have
invented
the
name
of
Jupiter
.
The
Athenians
had
a
particular
Month
,
commencing
from
the
new
Moon
of
December
,
which
they
call'd
{αβγδ}
,
in
remembrance
of
that
famous
debate
between
Neptune
and
Pallas
.
5.
In
the
mean
time
it
is
to
be
remember'd
that
there
were
3
Towns
of
Athens
as
Varro
testifies
in
his
Books
De
analogia
.
There
was
the
Athenae
Atticae
,
where
the
People
were
call'd
Athenienses
;
and
Athenae
Euboicae
in
the
Island
Euboea
,
built
by
Cecrops
the
Son
of
Erechtheus
,
the
inhabitants
whereof
,
it
seems
,
were
call'd
Athenaei
by
the
Latins
;
tho'
the
Grecians
gave
the
Title
of
{αβγδ}
to
the
Citizens
of
Attick
Athens
.
Besides
these
two
Cities
,
there
was
likewise
Atheneopolis
in
Gallia
Narbonensis
near
Marseilles
,
the
inhabitants
whereof
were
call'd
Atheneopolitae
.
Moreover
there
was
yet
a
4th
Athenae
in
the
Lacedemonian
Ground
.
6.
While
Cecrops
reign'd
at
Athens
,
Deucalion
the
Son
of
Prometheus
sway'd
the
Scepter
in
Thessaly
;
the
History
of
whom
must
briefly
be
hinted
at
;
since
his
Posterity
gave
names
to
the
Grecians
.
Japhet
had
three
Sons
,
Atlas
,
Prometheus
and
Epimetheus
.
There
were
three
Atlas's
.
One
a
Moor
who
was
the
greatest
of
'em
all
;
another
an
Italian
the
Father
of
Electra
;
and
a
third
an
Arcadian
the
Father
of
Maja
the
Mother
of
Mercurius
.
Authors
are
commonly
liable
to
mistakes
in
confounding
these
three
.
7.
The
first
of
the
three
is
said
to
have
liv'd
near
the
Mountain
Atlas
,
and
,
by
reason
of
his
uncommon
skill
in
Astronomy
,
to
have
supported
the
Heavens
.
This
was
the
Father
of
Electra
.
Prometheus
is
said
to
have
form'd
Men
out
of
Clay
,
because
he
was
an
excellent
teacher
of
Wisdom
.
Epimetheus
begot
Pyrrha
.
8.
Deucalion
the
Son
of
Prometheus
married
Pyrrha
the
Daughter
of
Epimetheus
.
In
his
Reign
there
happen'd
a
Deluge
,
which
chiefly
over-run
his
Seat
,
the
Proper
Name
whereof
was
Hellas
.
But
it
did
not
reach
Egypt
,
or
its
neighbouring
Countries
.
We
read
of
three
Deluges
in
in
Greece
.
One
in
the
Reign
of
Ogyges
,
which
will
come
in
under
the
History
of
Thebes
.
The
Second
was
this
of
Deucalion
,
which
happen'd
about
248
years
after
the
first
,
and
737
before
the
first
Olympiad
.
The
Third
came
to
pass
in
the
Reign
of
Dardanus
and
Cadmus
,
86
Years
after
the
second
.
9.
Deucalion
had
by
Pyrrha
two
Sons
,
namely
Hellen
and
Amphictyon
.
From
the
former
his
Subjects
who
before
went
by
the
name
of
Grecians
,
were
call'd
Hellenes
,
and
the
Country
itself
Hellas
,
which
formerly
had
been
call'd
Pelasgia
from
the
Pelasgi
,
and
Haemonia
,
from
Haemone
the
Daughter
of
Pelasgus
,
and
Pyrrhaea
from
Pyrrha
.
Hellen
had
three
Sons
,
Xuthus
,
Aeolus
and
Dorus
.
He
left
his
Kingdom
to
Aeolus
,
and
sent
the
rest
abroad
to
shift
for
themselves
.
Aeolus
was
so
much
respected
by
his
Subjects
,
that
he
was
Sirnam'd
Jupiter
and
Neptune
.
Dorus
settled
in
the
Country
that
lyes
about
the
Mountains
,
Ossa
and
Olympus
.
Xuthus
was
outted
of
his
Kingdom
by
his
own
Brothers
for
pretending
to
engross
all
his
Fathers
Money
.
Whereupon
he
fled
to
Athens
,
and
Erechtheus
thought
him
worthy
of
his
Daughter
,
by
whom
he
had
Achaeus
and
Ion
.
10.
But
Xuthus
was
afterwards
expell'd
Athens
,
because
being
chosen
arbiter
by
Erechtheus's
Sons
,
he
adjudged
the
Kingdom
to
Cecrops
the
eldest
,
whereupon
he
remov'd
to
Aegialia
a
Country
lying
,
upon
the
Sea-side
Eastward
,
between
the
Eleans
and
Sicyonians
.
Achaeus
one
of
his
Sons
,
came
with
Auxiliary
Troops
from
Aegialia
and
Athens
,
to
Thessaly
;
and
recover'd
his
Father's
Kingdom
;
but
afterwards
upon
the
casual
killing
of
a
Man
,
was
oblig'd
to
flee
to
Lacedemon
,
where
his
Posterity
remain'd
till
they
were
turn'd
out
by
the
Dorians
and
Heraclidae
.
11.
Archander
and
Architeles
the
Sons
of
Achaeus
remov'd
from
Pthiotis
to
Argi
,
where
the
former
married
Scaea
,
and
the
latter
Autòmate
Danaus's
Daughter
.
And
the
Sons
of
Achaeus
became
so
powerful
in
Argi
as
well
as
Lacedemon
,
that
the
inhabitants
of
both
Places
were
call'd
,
under
one
general
Name
,
Achaei
;
tho'
the
peculiar
Title
of
the
Argives
was
Danai
.
12.
Ion
the
other
of
Xuthus's
Sons
was
about
to
make
War
with
the
People
of
Aegialia
;
when
Selinus
their
King
pacified
him
by
giving
him
Helice
his
Daughter
in
Marriage
.
He
succeeded
Selinoon
in
the
Government
,
and
built
a
Town
which
he
christen'd
Helice
after
his
Wife
,
which
was
afterwards
swallow'd
up
by
the
Sea
together
with
Bura
.
He
likewise
christen'd
the
People
Iones
,
tho'
that
was
not
so
much
a
Change
of
,
as
an
addition
to
,
their
Name
.
For
they
were
call'd
Aegialenses
Iones
:
And
after
all
,
the
Primitive
name
stuck
best
to
them
,
for
Homer
makes
use
of
it
in
the
List
of
Agamemnon's
Forces
.
13.
Ion
,
being
afterwads
chosen
General
to
the
Athenians
in
the
War
against
the
Eleusians
,
died
in
Attica
.
But
his
Posterity
continued
in
Possession
of
the
Kingdom
of
Aegialia
,
till
the
Acheans
being
expell'd
Lacedemon
and
Argi
by
the
Heraclidae
and
Dorians
,
turn'd
'em
out
of
their
Kingdom
,
and
oblig'd
them
and
the
whole
People
to
flee
to
Athens
;
but
they
did
not
stay
long
there
,
for
soon
after
the
Sons
of
Codrus
carried
'em
away
to
Asia
.
These
things
I
thought
it
more
proper
to
wind
up
together
,
for
easing
of
the
Students
Memory
.
14.
To
return
.
Eusebius
reckons
that
the
Council
of
the
Areopagites
commenc'd
in
the
Reign
of
Cecrops
.
Some
date
its
being
from
the
time
of
Solon
;
others
think
it
was
Ancienter
.
Neither
are
Authors
better
agreed
upon
the
Original
of
the
Name
,
tho'
they
all
own
that
Areopagus
has
an
Allusion
to
Mars
,
which
in
Greek
is
call'd
Ares
.
However
Cecrops
dying
about
50
Years
after
,
Cranaus
the
richest
of
all
the
Citizens
succeeded
him
,
who
continued
only
7
Years
in
the
Empire
,
at
which
Period
Amphyction
the
Son
of
Deucalion
turn'd
him
out
of
his
Kingdom
.
And
Ten
Years
after
that
Amphyction
himself
was
serv'd
at
the
same
rate
by
Erichthonius
.
15.
Erichthonius
was
reckon'd
the
Son
of
Vulcan
and
the
Earth
.
He
instituted
Games
to
the
Honour
of
Apollo
and
Minerva
,
and
after
50
Years
left
the
Kingdom
to
his
Son
Pandion
,
who
reign'd
40
Years
,
and
then
was
follow'd
by
his
Son
Erechtheus
.
This
was
a
famous
Prince
.
He
made
War
with
the
Eleusians
,
and
made
Ion
his
Daughter's
Son
his
General
.
The
King
of
his
Enemies
being
kil'd
in
the
Field
,
he
himself
likewise
fell
,
in
the
50
Year
of
his
Reign
.
't
was
under
his
Reign
that
the
Citizens
who
formerly
were
call'd
Cecropidae
,
got
the
Name
of
Athenians
from
the
Town
it self
.
He
left
three
Sons
,
Cecrops
,
Metion
,
and
Pandorus
.
16.
Xuthus
adjudg'd
the
Kingdom
to
Cecrops
,
and
is
said
to
have
gather'd
the
People
into
12
Towns
,
by
reason
that
lying
at
a
distance
from
one
another
they
were
expos'd
to
the
Robberies
of
the
Carians
and
Beotians
.
After
40
Years
Pandion
succeeded
his
Father
Cecrops
,
and
being
outted
of
his
Kingdom
by
the
Sons
of
Metion
,
fled
to
Megara
,
where
he
obtain'd
the
Principality
of
Pylas
his
Father
in-Law
.
During
his
Exile
he
begat
four
Sons
,
namely
,
Aegeus
,
Lycus
,
Pallas
,
and
Nisus
;
who
after
the
Death
of
their
Father
,
turn'd
the
Posterity
of
Metion
out
of
Athens
,
and
divided
the
Kingdom
into
4
Parts
,
pursuant
to
their
Father's
Orders
to
that
effect
.
Megara
was
alloted
to
Nisus
,
who
reign'd
there
a
long
time
.
17.
Notwithstanding
the
abovemention'd
division
,
Aegeus
was
the
Head
that
govern'd
all
.
Pallas's
50
Sons
laid
wait
for
Aegeus
,
as
contemning
him
for
want
of
Children
.
At
last
Pittheus
the
Son
of
Pelops
,
who
reign'd
at
Traecene
,
oblig'd
him
to
embrace
his
Daughter
Aethra
,
by
whom
Theseus
was
born
.
Theseus
coming
to
Athens
and
being
own'd
by
his
Father
crush'd
the
Family
of
Pallas
;
and
to
ingratiate
himself
with
the
People
,
tam'd
the
Bull
of
Marathon
,
that
was
very
troublesome
to
the
Inhabitants
of
Tetrapolis
;
and
shew'd
him
alive
up
and
down
the
Town
,
and
then
Sacrific'd
him
to
Apollo
Delphinius
.
Afterwards
he
sail'd
to
Greece
,
and
by
the
help
of
Ariadne
the
Daughter
of
Minos
,
is
said
to
have
kill'd
the
Monster
Minotaurus
,
that
devour'd
the
Athenian
Youths
.
Of
which
more
in
our
large
History
.
18.
Aegeus
had
given
these
Orders
to
the
Captain
of
the
Ship
when
he
put
out
,
that
,
if
Theseus
return'd
alive
,
he
shou'd
hoise
up
a
white
Sail
,
but
,
if
any
unlucky
accident
happen'd
to
him
,
he
shou'd
signifie
so
much
by
a
black
Sail
.
But
both
the
Captain
and
Theseus
were
so
overjoy'd
upon
their
approach
to
Attica
,
that
they
never
thought
of
their
orders
:
Upon
which
omission
Aegeus
concluding
that
things
went
cross
,
threw
himself
headlong
over
a
Rock
.
It
was
from
this
Aegeus
,
as
some
say
,
that
the
Aegean
Sea
was
so
call'd
:
Others
derive
its
name
from
Aegae
an
Island
near
Euboea
consecrated
to
Neptune
:
Others
from
Aege
a
Town
of
Euboea
.
Others
from
Aega
a
promontory
in
Aeolia
,
and
others
again
from
Aegis
a
Rock
lying
beween
Tenedos
and
Chios
.
19.
Some
allege
the
Aegean
Sea
was
so
call'd
from
the
many
little
Islands
,
that
afar
off
look
like
Goats
,
or
{αβγδ}
.
Others
from
Aegea
Queen
of
the
Amazons
who
was
drown'd
there
;
others
from
Aegeus
a
Name
giv'n
to
Neptune
as
Pherecydes
testifies
:
Others
from
Aegeon
who
is
the
same
with
Briareus
:
Others
from
the
Constellation
Capra
:
And
others
again
from
a
Goat
,
because
that
Sea
is
toss'd
like
a
Goat
.
The
famous
Samuel
Bochart
derives
it
from
Az
a
Hebrew
Word
,
which
signifies
Hard
and
Rough
,
and
is
sometimes
us'd
as
an
Epithet
to
the
Sea
by
sacred
Writers
.
20.
Theseus
gather'd
all
the
Athenians
who
were
dispers'd
in
12
Towns
,
into
one
City
;
and
by
clipping
the
regal
Power
cut
the
Sinews
of
Monarchy
.
He
rank'd
the
People
in
3
States
viz.
the
Noblemen
,
Husbandmen
,
and
Artificers
;
and
accomplish'd
many
Glorious
Exploits
.
He
instituted
the
Isthmian
Games
to
the
Honour
of
Neptune
.
He
sail'd
to
the
Euxine
Sea
against
the
Amazons
,
and
brought
his
Wife
Antiope
from
thence
.
With
the
help
of
Pirithous
the
Son
of
Ixion
he
ravish'd
Helena
the
Daughter
of
Tyndareus
:
But
when
he
on
his
Part
assisted
Pirithous
in
ravishing
the
Daughter
of
Aidoneus
King
of
the
Molossi
,
he
had
the
misfortune
to
be
taken
and
put
into
Prison
.
His
Associat
was
put
to
Death
;
but
he
was
at
last
set
at
Liberty
thro'
the
intercession
of
Hercules
.
That
King
is
call'd
Pluto
,
his
Daughter
Proserpina
,
and
the
Dog
by
which
Pirithous
was
devour'd
was
call'd
Cerberus
.
21.
At
a
time
when
Theseus
was
gone
abroad
,
Castor
and
Pollux
took
the
opportunity
to
rescue
their
Sister
Helena
.
Menestheus
the
Son
of
Peleus
and
Grandson
to
Erechtheus
,
endeavor'd
to
lessen
his
Credit
among
the
People
,
and
brought
his
design
to
bear
so
far
,
that
when
Theseus
return'd
,
he
was
oblig'd
to
retire
to
the
Island
Scyres
where
Lycomedes
the
King
,
being
Jealous
of
his
Glory
,
put
him
to
Death
.
Menestheus
having
possess'd
himself
of
the
Kingdom
by
his
cunning
,
set
out
with
50
Ships
upon
an
expedition
against
Troy
,
Atreus
being
then
King
of
the
Argives
and
Mycene
.
He
took
the
Town
,
and
pronounc'd
a
funeral
Harangue
to
the
praise
of
Ajax
the
Son
of
Telamon
.
For
it
was
a
custom
among
the
Athenians
to
pay
that
complement
to
those
who
dy'd
in
War
.
Soon
after
he
himself
became
a
proper
object
of
the
like
Complement
in
the
Island
Melos
upon
his
return
from
Troy
.
22.
After
the
Death
of
Menestheus
,
Demophoon
the
Son
of
Theseus
by
Phedra
recover'd
the
Kingdom
of
his
Ancestors
.
He
was
educated
by
Elpenor
the
Son
of
Chalcedon
,
together
with
his
Brother
Achames
.
Demophon
snatch'd
the
image
of
Pallas
from
the
Argives
,
who
upon
their
return
from
Troy
were
forc'd
in
by
a
Storm
upon
the
Coast
of
Attica
.
After
34
Years
he
left
the
Kingdom
to
his
Son
Oxyntas
,
who
after
22
Successions
was
follow'd
by
Aphidas
.
He
having
reign'd
one
Year
was
follow'd
by
Thymoetes
the
15th
King
,
who
,
being
a
bastard
,
is
said
to
have
kill'd
his
Brother
Aphidas
.
After
8
Years
this
Prince
lost
his
Kingdom
,
and
concludes
the
List
of
the
Kings
of
Erechtheus's
Posterity
.
23.
There
arose
a
difference
between
the
Athenians
and
Baeotians
about
Caelenae
which
lay
in
their
neighborhood
.
And
't
was
mutually
agreed
upon
that
the
two
Kings
should
decide
the
matter
in
a
Duel
.
But
Thymoetes
refusing
to
fight
was
thereupon
outted
of
his
Kingdom
.
Melanthius
Messenius
,
whom
he
Heraclidoe
had
expell'd
his
own
Country
,
takes
up
the
Quarrel
;
and
by
a
Stratagem
defeats
Xanthus
the
King
of
the
Baeotians
.
By
which
means
he
obtain'd
the
Government
of
Athens
,
by
way
of
reward
.
After
Melanthius
his
Son
Codrus
succeeded
,
who
was
the
last
King
of
Athens
.
24.
The
Heraclidae
being
engag'd
in
a
War
with
the
Athenians
,
were
advis'd
by
the
Oracle
,
that
the
only
way
to
obtain
a
Conquest
was
to
avoid
hurting
the
King
of
their
Enemies
.
Codrus
knowing
this
,
put
on
the
Habit
of
a
common
Soldier
,
and
expos'd
himself
where
the
Action
was
hottest
,
and
was
kill'd
.
Upon
the
news
of
his
Death
the
Heraclidae
broke
up
the
Siege
and
march'd
off
,
tho'
some
of
their
Army
had
already
enter'd
the
Town
,
whom
the
Athenians
sent
safe
home
.
The
Death
of
Codrus
happen'd
486
Years
after
Cecrops
,
114
Years
after
the
destruction
of
Troy
,
35
Years
after
the
return
of
the
Heraclidae
,
293
Years
before
the
first
Olympiad
,
A.
M.
2935.
25.
After
Codrus
there
was
no
King
at
Athens
.
The
adminstration
was
then
put
into
the
Hands
of
the
Archontes
,
who
possess'd
the
Government
for
Life
,
their
Power
being
lessen'd
and
Subject
to
the
People
.
Medon
the
Son
of
Codrus
was
the
first
Archon
;
tho'
he
was
bred
up
in
hopes
of
being
King
.
Nileus
his
Brother
was
very
troublesome
to
him
.
He
refus'd
to
obey
Medon
whose
Government
was
lame
and
maim'd
.
But
at
last
the
Affair
was
remitted
to
the
Delphick
Oracle
,
which
made
answer
,
that
the
Government
of
the
Athenians
belong'd
to
Medon
.
26.
After
that
Nileus
and
the
other
Sons
of
Codrus
were
sent
into
a
Colony
,
and
carried
with
them
both
a
great
number
of
Athenians
that
listed
themselves
under
their
conduct
,
and
a
considerable
Body
of
Jonians
.
This
Colony
was
likewise
enlarged
by
the
Thebans
,
the
Minyae
from
among
the
Orchomenians
,
the
Phocians
bating
those
of
Delphi
,
and
some
Aebantes
out
of
Eubaea
.
This
Colony
built
the
twelve
Jonian
Cities
in
Asia
,
namely
,
Miletus
,
Ephesus
,
Priene
,
Colophon
,
Myus
,
Teos
,
Lebedos
,
Clazomenae
,
Erythrae
,
Phocaea
,
Chius
,
and
Samus
;
the
Original
of
which
Cities
is
accounted
for
at
large
by
Pausanias
.
27.
Medon
was
follow'd
by
twelve
successive
Princes
in
the
space
of
15
Years
,
who
were
call'd
Medontidae
from
him
.
The
last
of
these
was
Alcmaeon
the
Son
of
Aeschilus
,
who
died
before
the
end
of
the
Second
Year
of
his
Reign
.
Then
the
People
being
uneasy
under
the
perpetual
Power
of
the
Archontes
,
confin'd
it
to
the
compass
of
ten
Years
.
This
change
was
decree'd
about
the
beginning
of
the
Olympiads
.
And
Charops
was
the
first
who
was
invested
with
this
ten
Years
Government
.
That
form
of
Government
lasted
70
Years
.
The
last
of
that
sort
of
Archontes
was
Erixias
,
who
,
after
a
six
Years
Reign
,
either
died
or
was
degraded
;
and
then
the
Republick
put
on
a
new
Face
.
28.
For
the
People
being
proud
of
their
Power
,
and
possess'd
with
an
insatiable
itch
for
Liberty
,
did
quite
abrogate
the
Monarchical
Constitution
,
and
put
the
administration
of
Affairs
into
the
Hands
of
9
Archontes
,
to
be
elected
yearly
.
The
first
of
these
was
President
and
call'd
Eponymus
.
The
second
was
call'd
King
;
being
Judge
of
all
Civil
and
Criminal
Causes
.
The
third
was
Polemarchus
,
the
Supream
Judge
of
Military
Affairs
.
The
other
six
were
call'd
Thesmothetae
,
or
Defenders
of
their
Laws
and
Customs
.
The
whole
Body
of
the
Nine
,
joyn'd
together
,
had
Power
to
call
a
Meeting
of
the
People
,
and
propose
their
Opinion
in
matters
of
importance
,
as
the
Kings
and
Archontes
did
before
.
29.
So
great
was
that
superstructure
of
Liberty
,
that
they
rear'd
up
upon
the
Foundation
that
Theseus
laid
.
But
the
People
having
once
the
Reins
in
their
own
Hands
,
did
not
know
where
to
stop
or
fix
.
The
Harangues
of
popular
Orators
turn'd
and
toss'd
'em
to
and
again
,
as
the
Winds
do
the
Sea
.
The
Power
of
the
Nobility
was
mightily
wrong'd
,
especially
by
this
,
that
the
Sentences
of
the
Judges
were
look'd
upon
as
Laws
,
there
being
no
certain
Statutes
,
as
yet
,
to
walk
by
.
About
50
Years
after
,
a
complaint
was
given
in
upon
this
Head
,
which
seem'd
to
carry
justice
along
with
it
:
Whereupon
they
employ'd
one
Draco
a
prudent
and
good
,
but
very
Stanch
,
Man
,
to
make
Laws
for
'
em
.
30.
He
abrogated
many
Laws
,
and
reform'd
the
Court
of
the
Ephetae
,
which
was
order'd
to
consist
of
51
Members
,
each
of
'em
50
Years
Old
and
upwards
.
But
the
Laws
were
so
bloody
,
as
entailing
Death
to
every
slight
Crime
,
that
the
Common
People
who
were
drown'd
in
debt
became
turbulent
and
daring
,
and
their
divisions
and
Animosities
rose
to
a
dismal
Degree
.
At
last
all
their
hopes
were
pointed
upon
Solon
a
Man
of
Prudence
and
known
Integrity
.
They
intreated
him
to
act
the
Part
of
a
Physician
to
the
Republick
.
And
in
order
to
furnish
him
with
suitable
Power
for
that
end
,
of
their
own
accord
offer'd
him
a
tyrannical
Government
.
31.
Tho
Solon
was
sensible
that
he
had
ingratiated
himself
with
the
People
,
by
the
Fame
of
his
Wisdom
,
and
the
Stratagems
with
which
he
recover'd
the
Island
Salamina
;
yet
he
had
no
mind
to
meddle
with
the
Government
.
He
dreaded
the
Avarice
of
the
Poor
,
and
the
Pride
of
the
Rich
.
He
down-right
refus'd
to
be
Tyrant
.
But
his
Friends
chid
him
mightily
for
so
doing
,
charging
him
with
the
Folly
of
standing
out
meerly
for
the
Name's
sake
,
since
his
Vertue
could
easily
convert
a
Tyranny
to
a
moderate
Government
,
as
Tynnonidas
had
lately
done
in
Euboea
,
and
Pittacus
in
Mytilene
.
32.
But
no
such
Offer
could
prevail
with
Solon
to
depart
from
his
concerted
Measures
.
't
is
said
,
he
answer'd
his
Friends
,
That
Tyranny
was
a
tempting
thing
,
but
there
was
no
end
on
't
.
At
last
he
took
upon
him
the
offer'd
charge
of
setting
the
Government
to
rights
;
but
before
he
set
about
it
,
he
enacted
a
general
Remission
of
Debts
,
call'd
Sisachthea
,
by
which
means
he
ingratiated
himself
into
the
Affection
of
all
Parties
.
He
was
elected
Prince
and
Archon
,
immediately
after
Philombrotus
;
and
his
first
business
was
to
abrogat
all
the
Laws
of
Draco
,
together
with
those
of
Murder
,
which
provided
severe
and
disproportion'd
Penalties
.
33.
Then
he
review'd
the
People
,
and
drew
them
up
in
4
Tribes
;
allotting
Offices
to
every
one
suitable
to
their
Station
.
The
poorer
sort
being
excluded
from
the
Magistracy
;
and
allow'd
only
to
have
a
Place
in
the
Meetings
.
And
in
order
to
curb
the
growing
Power
of
the
Plebs
,
he
instituted
a
Senat
,
besides
that
of
the
Areopagites
,
consisting
of
400
Members
,
(
that
is
,
100
out
of
each
Tribe
)
which
was
to
form
and
moderat
the
general
Conventions
,
and
to
examin
and
judge
of
all
things
belonging
to
the
People
.
Their
Decrees
were
to
be
look'd
upon
as
definitive
,
if
the
matter
was
only
of
small
Consequence
;
but
if
it
was
a
business
of
great
Moment
,
they
were
to
be
remitted
to
the
Censure
of
the
People
.
34.
Tho'
the
Power
of
the
Society
of
the
9
Archontes
was
much
empair'd
,
yet
he
allotted
them
the
same
Offices
as
they
had
perform'd
before
,
with
the
addition
of
a
more
solemn
Institution
,
and
a
Reward
for
their
good
Services
,
after
a
severe
Tryal
before
the
Areopagites
.
For
he
suppos'd
the
Senat
of
the
Areopagites
to
be
venerable
and
of
untainted
integrity
;
and
invested
them
with
the
Supream
Authority
in
the
City
;
and
with
a
right
to
inspect
and
censure
the
Lives
and
Conversations
of
the
Citizens
,
especially
those
of
the
Younger
Form
.
35.
He
gave
the
general
Conventions
of
the
People
,
Power
to
make
Peace
and
War
,
to
send
out
Ambassadors
,
and
to
naturalife
Forreigners
.
The
Place
of
their
Meeting
was
either
the
Forum
,
or
a
Place
of
Judicature
just
by
,
call'd
Pnyx
;
and
sometimes
the
Theater
of
Bacchus
.
The
set
time
of
sitting
;
was
three
Days
,
to
be
renew'd
after
every
35
Days
.
The
extraordinary
times
were
determin'd
,
by
occasional
Occurrences
.
The
ordinary
Convocations
were
call'd
{αβγδ}
,
the
extraordinary
were
call'd
{αβγδ}
,
or
{αβγδ}
.
36.
There
were
several
Courts
for
Law-suits
,
besides
that
of
the
Areopagi
.
The
most
remarkable
was
that
of
the
Ephetae
instituted
by
Demophoon
the
Son
of
Theseus
:
The
next
was
that
of
the
Heliastae
,
so
call'd
from
sitting
in
an
open
place
,
which
consisted
of
500
or
1000
and
sometimes
1500
Members
,
chosen
by
Lot
,
all
of
'em
being
above
30
Years
Old.
There
was
likewise
a
Court
of
Arbiters
,
to
whom
220
Men
chosen
equally
out
of
the
Tribes
were
join'd
;
and
they
took
Cognisance
of
Affairs
belonging
to
the
Tribes
.
Besides
a
Court
of
30
,
and
afterwards
40
Members
,
which
went
round
the
Tribes
,
and
determined
their
differences
about
small
Summs
of
Mony
and
triffling
concerns
.
37.
After
Solon
had
made
an
end
of
his
task
,
he
obtain'd
leave
of
the
Athenians
to
Travel
for
10
Years
,
in
order
to
avoid
the
calumnies
and
reproaches
of
the
Citizens
:
Thinking
that
in
10
Years
time
they
would
be
tam'd
and
inur'd
to
the
Laws
.
But
upon
his
departure
,
the
Commonalty
split
into
divers
Factions
;
as
they
generally
do
when
over
grown
in
Power
.
Lycurgus
Headed
the
Pediaei
,
Magacles
,
the
Son
of
Alcmaeon
,
the
Paralii
,
and
Pisistratus
the
Diacrii
,
who
were
joyn'd
by
a
body
of
Hirelins
that
hated
the
Richer
sort
.
Tho'
the
Laws
continu'd
still
in
Force
,
yet
the
People
were
all
in
a
Ferment
,
and
eager
for
changing
the
Form
of
the
Republick
;
for
every
Party
made
account
,
that
by
a
Revolution
they
would
advance
themselves
.
38.
When
Affairs
were
at
this
Pass
,
Solon
return'd
,
and
endeavour'd
to
bring
the
Factions
to
an
Accommodation
by
separate
Interviews
with
their
respective
Heads
.
Pisistratus
seem'd
to
listen
to
his
Proposals
.
He
was
a
fair
spoken
Man
,
Proud
of
assisting
the
Poor
,
moderate
in
Revenge
,
and
one
that
glory'd
in
having
such
qualities
as
Nature
had
denied
him
.
Solon
saw
thro'
the
Humour
and
deceit
of
the
Man
,
and
endeavour'd
to
reclaim
him
.
39.
But
Pisistratus
had
insinuated
himself
so
much
into
the
Affections
of
the
People
,
that
he
expected
to
be
made
King
,
and
contemn'd
all
the
Remonstrances
that
were
offer'd
to
him
.
At
last
he
wounded
himself
in
two
places
,
and
expos'd
himself
thus
wounded
in
a
Chariot
riding
along
the
Streets
,
as
if
his
Enemies
had
laid
wait
for
him
and
treated
him
in
that
fashion
.
By
this
Stratagem
,
notwithstanding
all
Solon's
Remonstrances
to
the
contrary
,
he
got
the
People
to
make
a
Law
empowering
him
to
hire
and
maintain
50
Men
to
Guard
his
Person
.
By
the
means
of
these
his
Guards
he
possess'd
himself
of
the
Castle
,
and
usurp'd
the
Government
.
40.
He
sat
at
the
Helm
of
Affairs
three
Years
:
At
the
end
of
which
Megacles
and
Lycurgus
conspir'd
against
him
,
and
expell'd
him
.
But
afterwards
the
Conspirators
disagreed
among
themselves
;
whereupon
Megacles
brought
him
back
upon
the
Condition
that
he
should
Marry
his
Daughter
.
The
Stratagem
by
which
he
was
restor'd
was
truely
Comical
.
There
was
a
strapping
Handsome
Woman
,
in
the
Tribe
called
Paeaniaea
,
whose
name
was
Phya
:
She
was
fout
Cubits
high
.
41.
This
Woman
was
set
out
with
all
sorts
of
Armour
,
and
plac'd
in
a
Coach
,
in
a
very
becoming
Habit
.
In
this
fashion
she
rode
thro'
the
City
,
with
some
Athenians
going
before
her
,
and
calling
upon
the
People
to
give
a
welcome
Reception
to
Pisistratus
,
whom
Minerva
her self
honour'd
above
all
Men
,
and
was
then
Conducting
to
her
own
Palace
.
By
this
means
the
Report
was
spread
among
the
Tribes
that
Pisistratus
was
brought
back
by
Minerva
:
And
those
who
were
in
the
Town
,
being
perswaded
that
't
was
the
Goddess
her self
;
fell
down
before
the
Woman
and
receiv'd
Pisistratus
.
42.
Pisistratus
being
thus
restor'd
,
married
the
Daughter
of
Megacles
pursuant
to
his
Promise
.
His
Wife
after
some
time
complain'd
that
her
Husband
us'd
her
unkindly
:
Wherupon
Megacles
her
Father
was
again
incens'd
against
him
:
And
in
short
,
things
were
brought
to
that
pass
,
that
he
was
oblig'd
to
retire
to
Eretia
,
in
the
Tenth
Year
after
his
Restoration
to
the
Government
of
Athens
.
He
continued
in
Exile
other
Ten
Years
without
attempting
any
thing
.
But
at
the
end
of
them
,
his
Son
Hippias
push'd
him
on
to
Enterprise
something
.
Accordingly
he
Hires
some
Theban
and
Argivan
Troops
,
masters
Marathon
,
routs
the
Athenians
,
and
Possesses
himself
of
Athens
without
much
opposition
.
Being
thus
a
second
time
restor'd
to
his
Government
,
he
Fortifi'd
himself
in
it
,
only
by
making
Friends
and
Alliances
,
making
it
his
Business
to
gather
up
Summs
of
Money
,
and
by
taking
up
his
Enemies
Sons
as
Hostages
.
43.
For
the
Athenians
could
charge
Pisistratus
with
nothing
else
but
the
Usurpation
of
the
Government
.
They
felt
no
other
Yoak
,
but
that
of
thwarting
their
Humour
which
could
not
brook
a
Monarchical
Government
.
He
exacted
no
Tribute
,
but
the
Tythes
that
the
Kings
us'd
always
to
have
.
He
put
none
to
Death
;
he
Banish't
none
;
he
turn'd
no
Man
out
of
his
Estate
;
and
gave
Affronts
to
no
Person
.
He
left
the
Laws
of
Solon
,
and
the
order
of
the
Magistracy
unviolated
;
and
tho'
Solon
was
his
Enemy
,
yet
he
Honour'd
and
Respected
him
in
a
distinguishing
manner
.
44.
He
was
both
Learn'd
,
and
did
considerable
Service
to
the
World
of
Learning
.
He
was
the
first
Institutor
of
the
Grecian
Library
,
and
drew
up
the
scatter'd
Poems
of
Homer
,
in
the
order
they
now
appear
in
.
He
left
the
Government
to
his
Sons
Hippias
and
Hipparchus
,
who
us'd
their
Power
with
a
great
deal
of
Moderation
,
and
manag'd
the
Administration
of
Affairs
incomparably
well
,
till
Hippias
being
fretted
by
the
Death
of
Hipparchus
,
lost
his
Government
.
This
happen'd
in
the
Reign
of
Darius
Son
to
Hystaspes
,
and
therefore
will
come
in
more
properly
elsewhere
.
Pisistratus
died
at
the
same
time
that
Craesus
King
of
Lydia
was
Conquer'd
by
Cyrus
in
the
20
Year
of
the
57
Olympiad
,
A.
M.
3460.
SECT
.
V.
The
Ancient
State
of
the
Kingdom
and
Republick
of
the
Lacedemonians
.
1.
THis
Country
was
first
call'd
Lelegis
and
Lelegia
from
Leleges
,
who
was
Born
there
.
Afterwards
't
was
christen'd
Lacedaemon
from
Lacedaemon
the
Son
of
Jupiter
and
Taygeta
.
Lacedaemon
married
Sparta
the
Daughter
of
Eurota
,
and
Grandson
to
Myles
,
and
great
Grandson
to
Leleges
,
whence
the
City
was
called
Sparta
.
And
that
is
the
proper
name
of
the
City
,
as
distinct
from
the
Country
,
tho'
some
call
it
Lacedoemon
:
And
the
Citizens
are
properly
call'd
Spartiatae
,
as
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Country
go
by
the
name
of
Lacedaemonii
.
This
City
was
built
while
Crotopus
reign'd
at
Argi
,
and
Amphytrion
at
Athens
,
304
Years
before
the
Destruction
of
Troy
,
712
Years
before
the
first
Olympiad
,
A.
M.
2518.
2.
Lacedaemon
was
follow'd
by
Amyclas
,
and
he
by
Argalus
,
who
left
the
Kingdom
to
Cynortas
his
Brother
.
Next
to
Cynortas
was
Oebalus
,
from
whom
the
Country
was
call'd
Oebalia
,
whence
Statius
uses
Oebalidae-fratres
for
Castor
and
Pollux
.
Oebalus
by
his
first
Wife
had
Hypocoon
,
and
Icarius
;
by
his
second
,
namely
,
Gorgophone
the
Daughter
of
Perseus
,
he
had
Tyndareus
who
disputed
with
his
Elder
Brother
for
the
Kingdom
.
Hercules
assisted
Tyndareus
and
kill'd
Hypocoon
with
his
ten
Children
;
and
gave
Tyndareus
the
Kingdom
by
way
of
ufufruct
,
securing
the
Reversion
to
his
own
Children
.
3.
Tyndareus
,
by
Laeda
the
Daughter
of
Thestius
King
of
Aetolia
,
had
Castor
and
Pollux
,
who
were
call'd
Dioscuri
,
or
Jupiter's
Sons
,
and
either
by
her
or
some
body
else
,
a
Daughter
call'd
Helena
.
Menelaus
married
Helena
,
who
was
ravish'd
by
Theseus
,
and
afterwards
by
Paris
.
Helena
bore
to
Menelaus
Hermione
,
whom
he
first
married
to
Orestes
the
Son
of
Agamemnon
,
and
afterwards
took
her
away
from
him
and
gave
her
to
Pyrrhus
the
Son
of
Achilles
.
But
Orestes
slew
his
Rival
,
and
so
recover'd
his
Wife
.
Menelaus
had
two
Sons
by
a
Servant
Maid
,
namely
,
Nicostratus
and
Megapenthes
;
but
by
reason
of
their
spurious
Birth
,
the
Lacedemonians
gave
the
Kingdom
to
Orestes
.
4.
Tisamenus
the
Son
of
Orestes
Succeeded
him
;
but
was
outted
of
his
Kingdom
by
the
Heraclidae
,
as
I
intimated
above
.
Lacedaemon
fell
by
Lot
to
Procles
and
Euristhenes
the
Sons
of
Aristodemus
.
After
this
time
the
Lacedaemonians
were
reckon'd
Dorians
,
by
reason
of
the
Dorians
that
came
along
with
the
Heraclidae
.
But
these
Dorians
were
not
so
call'd
from
Dorus
the
Son
of
Hellen
;
for
they
are
said
to
come
of
the
Achaians
,
who
upon
their
return
from
Troy
were
repulsed
and
oblig'd
to
put
off
in
quest
of
a
new
Country
,
and
were
call'd
Dores
from
their
Leader
.
However
,
if
they
truely
descended
of
the
Achaians
,
they
had
as
much
,
if
not
more
,
right
to
this
Country
,
than
the
Heraclidae
.
This
change
of
Affairs
happen'd
,
about
8
Years
after
the
taking
of
Troy
,
according
to
Thucydides's
Computation
,
327
Years
before
the
first
Olympiad
,
in
the
Reign
of
Melanthus
at
Athens
,
A.
M.
2901.
5.
Euristhenes
and
Procles
being
Twins
,
and
it
being
doubtful
which
of
'em
came
first
into
the
World
;
they
Reign'd
jointly
.
They
differed
hugely
one
with
another
,
and
the
Emulation
and
Discord
was
transmitted
to
their
Posterity
,
who
were
call'd
Euristhenidae
and
Proclidae
.
Agis
the
Son
of
Euristhenes
succeeded
him
,
from
whom
his
Posterity
were
call'd
Agidae
.
And
Sous
succeeded
Procles
.
Agis
turn'd
the
Helotae
first
out
of
the
City
they
Inhabited
,
which
was
built
by
Helius
the
youngest
Son
of
Perseus
;
and
afterwards
of
their
Liberties
,
because
they
refus'd
to
pay
the
Tribute
he
required
.
This
famous
Exploit
,
of
reducing
the
Helotae
to
Bondage
gave
occasion
to
the
ordinary
way
of
calling
the
Lacedemonian
Slaves
,
Helotae
.
6.
Echestratus
the
Son
of
Agis
succeeded
him
,
and
Eurypon
(
alias
Eurytion
)
Succeeded
Sous
,
and
his
Posterity
after
him
were
call'd
Eurytionidae
;
for
,
by
quitting
part
of
the
Regal
Prerogatives
,
he
was
the
first
that
ingratiated
himself
into
the
Affections
of
the
People
.
Echestratus
was
follow'd
by
Labotas
,
and
Eurytion
by
Prytanis
,
in
whose
Reign
the
discord
between
the
Lacedemonians
and
Argives
had
its
rise
.
Labotas
was
follow'd
by
Doryssus
,
and
he
by
Agesilaus
.
Prytanis
left
the
Kingdom
to
his
Son
Eunomus
.
7.
Eunomus
of
the
Race
of
the
Proclidae
,
got
by
his
first
Wife
Polydectes
;
and
by
his
last
Wife
Lycurgus
,
250
Years
before
the
first
Olympiad
.
From
the
time
that
Eurytion
cramp'd
the
regal
Power
,
the
People
grew
unruly
,
and
great
commotions
ensu'd
thereupon
.
During
that
confusion
,
Eunomus
,
offering
to
adjust
some
difference
,
was
run
thro'
with
a
Butcher's
Knife
,
and
dy'd
,
leaving
the
Kingdom
to
his
eldest
Son
Polydectes
.
Not
long
after
that
Polydectes
dyed
without
Issue
,
and
Lycurgus
his
Brother
succeeded
him
.
8.
But
so
soon
as
it
was
known
that
the
Widdow
of
Polydectes
was
with
Child
,
he
professed
,
that
,
in
Case
it
prov'd
a
Boy
,
he
would
only
Govern
the
Kingdom
by
way
of
Guardianship
.
Tho'
the
Widdow
gave
him
to
know
that
she
wou'd
make
away
with
the
Child
,
in
Case
he
kept
the
Kingdom
and
Married
her
;
yet
he
only
counterfeited
an
approbation
of
her
Proposal
,
and
at
the
bottom
detested
her
Principles
.
For
as
soon
as
the
Child
came
into
the
World
,
he
resign'd
the
Government
of
his
own
accord
,
and
plac'd
it
upon
the
Throne
.
9.
The
Royal
Child
was
call'd
Charilaus
,
alluding
to
the
Joy
that
accrew'd
to
the
People
,
in
admiring
the
Magnanimity
and
Justice
of
Lycurgus
.
But
the
Vertue
which
merited
Love
and
Praise
,
met
with
Hatred
and
Invective
.
For
the
Child's
Mother
,
thinking
her self
affronted
,
together
with
her
Relations
,
bespatter'd
him
with
Calamnious
Imputations
,
as
if
he
had
a
design
upon
the
Child
.
This
he
took
very
ill
;
and
fearing
the
uncertainty
of
Events
,
resolved
to
Travel
till
his
Nephew
came
of
Age
▪
and
begot
an
Heir
to
the
Crown
.
He
visited
many
Places
and
Countries
;
and
is
said
to
have
collected
and
methodiz'd
Homer's
Verses
,
and
to
be
the
first
that
brought
'em
to
Greece
.
10.
But
the
Lacedemonians
did
often
miss
and
call
upon
Lycurgus
in
his
absence
,
for
all
things
ran
into
Confusion
.
For
the
People
not
only
refus'd
all
allegiance
to
their
Kings
,
but
wanted
further
to
feed
an
insatiable
appetite
for
Liberty
.
Lycurgus
being
well
acquainted
with
the
nature
of
their
Distemper
,
resolv
d
first
to
evacuate
and
purge
the
Body
,
as
being
foul
and
stuff'd
with
all
manner
of
Distempers
,
and
then
to
enjoyn
a
new
Diet
.
However
being
sensible
what
influence
Religion
has
over
Mens
Minds
,
he
went
to
Delphi
;
and
it
is
giv'n
out
that
he
fetch'd
from
thence
the
Rhetra
,
as
a
Model
for
the
Republick
.
11.
He
propos'd
that
the
Republick
shou'd
be
govern'd
by
2
Kings
,
that
is
two
nominal
Kings
,
divested
of
all
Majestick
Power
,
uncapable
of
doing
any
thing
of
Moment
at
home
,
by
reason
of
their
Subjection
to
the
Senate
.
Abroad
indeed
he
was
allow'd
the
command
of
the
Army
.
The
Senate
consisted
of
Elders
,
60
Years
old
and
upwards
,
besides
the
Kings
.
This
Senate
he
set
in
opposition
to
the
Kings
,
as
being
a
Medium
between
them
and
the
People
,
in
Order
to
confine
both
within
the
Limits
of
their
Duty
.
Lycurgus
did
not
Trouble
himself
with
backing
his
Laws
with
Argument
;
which
Method
Aristotle
finds
fault
with
,
as
being
unsuitable
to
the
Measures
of
a
free
Republick
,
and
an
inlet
to
unjust
Demands
;
such
as
are
many
other
things
in
Lycurgus's
Laws
.
12.
Whatever
the
Kings
lost
,
the
People
got
but
little
for
shifting
two
Masters
for
30.
For
there
was
no
appeal
allow'd
from
the
Convention
of
the
Senate
and
Kings
.
All
the
privilege
they
had
was
to
enact
such
things
as
the
Kings
and
Elders
propos'd
.
However
,
in
order
to
make
this
form
of
Government
lasting
,
there
was
a
necessity
of
sinking
the
Occasions
of
Sedition
.
Now
to
compass
that
,
it
was
proper
to
reduce
their
Estates
to
an
equal
Standard
.
With
which
view
Lycurgus
took
all
their
Gold
and
Silver
from
'em
,
and
coin'd
Iron
Money
for
'
em
.
13.
He
order'd
the
Citizens
to
feast
together
at
their
Publick
Meetings
,
call'd
Andria
,
Phyditia
,
and
Scyssitia
.
He
order'd
the
Boys
to
be
educated
and
instructed
upon
the
publick
Charge
,
under
the
Hands
of
the
Paedonomi
and
Irenes
.
And
as
they
were
to
be
exercis'd
in
harsh
and
dangerous
Adventures
;
so
he
order'd
the
Girles
to
be
exercis'd
in
running
,
wrestling
,
throwing
of
Coits
and
Darts
;
and
in
effect
remov'd
all
the
wonted
Tenderness
and
softness
that
us'd
to
attend
the
Education
of
Women
.
14.
In
order
to
put
a
stop
to
Luxury
and
the
Inundations
of
Vice
,
he
prohibited
any
Man
to
Travel
;
and
all
those
who
repair'd
to
Lacedemon
without
some
good
and
useful
Errand
,
were
expell'd
the
City
.
He
would
not
have
the
Town
to
be
surrounded
by
Walls
,
as
taking
the
Valor
and
Watchfulness
of
the
Citizens
,
who
minded
nothing
but
the
good
of
their
Country
,
to
be
the
Walls
and
Security
of
the
City
.
For
he
would
not
allow
any
of
'em
to
meddle
with
illiberal
Arts.
The
Helotae
manur'd
the
Grounds
and
pay'd
the
Landlords
the
stinted
Rents
.
And
that
they
might
not
grow
too
powerful
,
were
sometimes
barbarously
murder'd
by
Young
Men
hid
in
the
Fields
;
from
whence
their
mutual
Engagements
were
call'd
Cryptia
.
15.
But
all
the
thanks
Lycurgus
got
,
was
,
to
have
Stones
thrown
at
him
,
and
to
have
his
Eye
knock'd
out
with
the
Blow
of
a
Stick
.
Valerius
Maximus
writes
,
that
he
was
once
expell'd
by
the
fury
of
the
Mob
,
and
at
last
banish'd
his
Country
.
Plutarch
says
,
he
oblig'd
the
Kings
,
Senat
and
People
by
Oath
,
to
keep
up
the
same
Form
of
Government
till
he
return'd
.
For
he
was
then
upon
a
Journey
to
the
Oracle
,
to
consult
it
with
reference
to
one
of
the
greatest
Points
he
had
yet
to
manage
.
16.
The
Oracle
made
answer
,
that
his
Laws
were
well
concerted
,
and
that
the
City
would
continue
its
Glory
,
providing
it
follow'd
Lycurgus's
Model
:
Whereupon
,
according
to
Plutarch
,
he
resolv'd
never
to
free
the
Citizens
from
the
Obligation
of
their
Oath
,
and
to
that
end
starv'd
himself
to
Death
.
Some
say
,
he
died
in
Crete
,
and
order'd
his
Body
to
be
burnt
and
the
Ashes
to
be
thrown
in
the
Sea
,
to
the
end
that
the
Spartans
should
not
gather
'em
together
,
and
pretend
to
free
themselves
of
their
Oath
by
carrying
'em
back
to
Lacedemon
.
But
Tertullian
says
he
starv'd
himself
to
death
,
because
the
Lacedemonians
offer'd
to
introduce
new
Laws
.
17.
The
Republick
was
then
in
Peace
.
But
after
Lycurgus's
Death
,
it
renew'd
the
War
with
the
Argives
,
and
took
up
Arms
against
the
Tegeatae
a
People
of
Arcadia
,
and
the
Achaians
.
The
Tegeatae
took
Charilaus
their
King
,
but
quickly
dismiss'd
him
.
That
King
was
follow'd
by
his
Son
Nicander
;
and
Teleclus
his
Collegue
,
by
Alcamenes
.
In
the
34th
Year
of
Nicander
,
Iphitus
restor'd
the
Olympick
Games
,
which
were
formerly
celebrated
by
Hercules
,
Pelops
,
Endymion
,
Neleus
,
Peliades
,
Lycurgus
,
and
several
others
.
18.
After
the
return
of
the
Heraclidae
,
Oxylas
had
restor'd
'em
,
and
got
Elis
by
his
dexterity
at
'
em
.
But
afterwards
they
were
forgot
for
303
Years
,
till
Iphitus
in
the
time
of
the
Divisions
of
Greece
,
being
of
Oxylas's
Posterity
,
restor'd
'em
,
upon
Advice
from
the
divine
Oracle
.
They
were
call'd
Olympick
from
the
City
Olympia
,
and
were
celebrated
in
the
beginning
of
every
fifth
Year
,
at
full
Moon
,
in
the
Month
Hecatombaeon
,
a
little
before
the
Summer
Solstice
.
19.
The
Grecian
Games
,
consisted
of
wrestling
,
running
,
leaping
,
throwing
of
Quoits
,
and
fencing
with
Sticks
,
that
they
call'd
Cestus
,
or
{αβγδ}
.
From
these
5
exercises
they
were
call'd
{αβγδ}
and
Quinquertiones
.
However
't
is
to
be
remark'd
that
Varro's
second
interval
of
time
ends
in
this
Restoration
of
the
Olympick
Games
.
For
he
makes
three
differences
of
times
.
20.
The
first
reaches
from
the
Creation
of
Man
to
the
first
Deluge
,
which
he
out
of
ignorance
styles
{αβγδ}
,
or
Obscure
.
The
second
goes
from
the
first
Deluge
to
the
first
Olympiad
,
and
by
reason
of
the
fabulous
Stories
with
which
't
is
stuff'd
,
is
call'd
{αβγδ}
,
or
Fabulous
.
The
third
runs
between
the
first
Olympiad
and
his
own
time
,
and
is
call'd
Historical
,
because
the
Transactions
refer'd
to
it
are
related
in
true
Histories
.
Now
this
Restoration
of
the
Olympiads
happen'd
408
Years
after
the
taking
of
Troy
,
714
before
the
Christian
Aera
,
A.
M.
3229.
21.
In
the
end
of
the
7th
Olympiad
,
there
happen'd
a
great
Alteration
of
Affairs
in
Lacedemon
,
upon
the
Institution
of
the
Ephori
,
about
130
Years
after
the
commencing
of
Lycurgus's
Laws
.
The
number
of
the
Ephori
,
was
5
,
to
be
chosen
every
Year
out
of
the
Commons
.
Elatus
was
the
first
that
got
that
Office
.
Most
writers
say
these
Officers
were
first
created
in
the
Reign
of
Theopompus
Son
to
Nicander
and
Grandson
to
Charilaus
.
But
we
are
at
a
loss
to
know
what
was
the
end
of
their
Institution
.
22.
Many
alledge
they
were
appointed
for
a
Ballance
to
the
regal
Power
.
But
others
say
they
were
created
by
the
K
.
s
themselves
,
when
engag'd
in
an
expedition
against
the
Messenians
;
which
oblig'd
'em
to
nominate
some
of
their
Friends
to
manage
Affairs
in
their
absence
,
and
these
were
call'd
Ephori
from
inspecting
the
Publick
Affairs
.
So
that
at
first
they
were
only
the
King's
Ministers
,
but
afterwards
gradually
arrogated
to
themselves
a
magistratical
Power
,
when
no
Body
was
aware
of
it
.
But
whatever
was
the
end
of
their
Institution
,
't
is
certain
their
Power
in
a
short
time
became
Tyrannical
,
and
put
their
Kings
in
danger
of
their
Lives
.
The
President
of
the
Court
,
who
was
call'd
Eponymus
,
inspected
the
publick
Accounts
every
Year
.
23.
In
the
2d
Year
of
the
9th
Olympiad
,
the
Lacedemonians
embarqued
in
an
open
War
with
the
Messenians
;
tho'
before
the
Institution
of
the
Ephori
they
had
jealousies
of
one
another
.
For
the
Lacedemonians
took
it
very
ill
,
that
Cresphontes
over-reach'd
his
Grandsons
,
and
possess'd
himself
of
the
Messenian
Ground
.
And
their
Anger
was
inflam'd
by
the
Battel
fought
at
Diana's
Temple
in
the
confines
of
Messene
,
in
which
Teleclus
Father
to
Alcmenes
then
King
,
was
,
kill'd
.
However
both
sides
cry'd
out
that
they
were
wrong'd
.
24.
At
last
their
mutual
hatred
broke
out
into
a
War
,
by
means
of
a
horrid
Piece
of
Wickedness
committed
by
one
Evaephnus
a
Lacedemonian
.
This
fellow
endeavor'd
to
cheat
Polychares
the
Messenian
,
of
some
Oxen
that
were
put
out
to
him
;
and
when
he
found
the
design
was
discover'd
,
desir'd
his
Son
should
be
sent
to
receive
their
Price
,
and
when
he
came
kill'd
him
.
Polychares
was
justly
incens'd
at
the
hainousness
of
the
Action
,
and
demanded
that
the
Criminal
should
be
deliver'd
up
in
order
to
be
punish'd
.
But
finding
his
Solicitations
were
not
regarded
,
he
slew
every
Lacedemonian
he
met
with
.
25.
Whereupon
the
Lacedemonians
were
exasperated
,
and
demanded
that
Polychares
should
be
brought
to
condign
Punishment
.
The
Messenians
were
divided
among
themselves
;
but
the
Majority
carried
,
that
he
should
be
defended
by
force
of
Arms
,
if
there
was
occasion
.
When
the
Lacedemonians
heard
this
,
they
refus'd
to
remit
the
Case
to
the
Judgment
of
the
Amphyctyones
or
Areopagites
,
and
prepar'd
for
an
Eepedition
,
engaging
in
a
mutual
Oarh
never
to
return
till
Messene
was
taken
.
26.
The
War
was
carried
on
for
several
Years
,
with
various
Success
.
At
last
,
the
Messenians
,
whose
Country
was
the
Seat
of
the
War
,
were
mightily
put
to
it
,
and
in
fine
resolv'd
to
abandon
all
the
Towns
that
lay
remote
from
the
Sea
,
and
to
remove
to
the
Mountain
Ithomes
.
Upon
this
removal
,
there
follow'd
a
cessation
of
Arms
on
both
sides
for
some
Years
.
And
in
the
Interval
,
the
Lacedemonians
wag'd
War
with
the
Argives
,
which
had
been
occasion'd
by
a
dispute
concerning
Thyrea
which
lay
in
the
confines
.
Both
Parties
agreed
to
leave
the
matter
to
the
Amphictyones
,
and
their
sentence
was
,
that
the
Controversy
should
be
decided
by
30
Men
on
each
side
,
adjudging
the
rightful
Title
to
the
Victors
.
And
indeed
the
Senate
adjudg'd
the
Victory
to
the
Lacedemonians
;
but
the
Argives
pretended
they
were
Victors
,
and
thereupon
renew'd
the
War
,
but
with
small
Success
.
27.
About
8
Years
after
the
removing
to
Ithomes
,
the
Messenians
and
Lacedemonians
return'd
to
their
former
War
,
and
had
several
engagements
with
various
Success
.
In
the
first
engagement
the
Messenians
lost
their
King
Euphaes
,
and
chose
Aristodemus
for
his
Successor
:
In
the
second
engagement
,
being
fortified
by
the
Auxiliary
Troops
from
the
Arcadians
,
Argives
and
Sicyonians
,
they
had
better
success
;
whereupon
the
Lacedemonians
seem'd
to
be
doubtful
of
the
event
;
and
both
the
one
and
the
other
sent
to
Delphi
,
to
enquire
into
the
event
of
the
War
.
28.
The
Lacedemonians
observ'd
the
Orders
of
the
Oracle
in
doing
what
it
gave
for
an
Omen
of
the
Victory
;
and
at
last
besieg'd
the
frighted
Messenians
,
and
took
the
Mountain
Ithomes
,
in
the
end
of
the
28
Year
of
the
War
,
in
the
first
Year
of
the
14th
Olympiad
,
while
the
Medontidae
continued
in
the
Decennial
Government
of
Athens
,
in
the
Reign
of
Hezekiah
over
the
Jews
,
about
the
same
time
that
the
10
Tribes
were
carried
off
in
Captivity
by
the
King
of
Assyria
.
29.
The
Conquerors
destroy'd
Ithomes
,
and
master'd
all
the
other
Places
of
Messenia
,
and
oblig'd
the
Messenians
to
manure
the
Ground
,
and
bring
one
half
of
the
Fruits
every
Year
to
Lacedemon
.
They
bound
them
by
an
Oath
to
remain
ever
true
to
them
,
and
to
appear
in
Mourning
,
both
Men
and
Women
,
at
the
Funerals
of
the
Lacedemonian
Kings
.
30.
The
Lacedemonians
being
yet
absent
from
home
,
call'd
to
Mind
the
Obligation
of
their
Oath
,
and
were
much
affraid
of
their
future
offspring
,
lest
the
People
should
revolt
,
during
the
absence
of
the
Husbands
from
their
Wives
.
Whereupon
they
sent
home
50
of
their
stoutest
young
Men
,
who
were
so
young
at
the
first
setting
out
that
they
were
not
engag'd
in
the
Oath
,
and
order'd
'em
to
lye
promiscuously
with
the
Women
.
31.
There
Sprung
from
them
an
Offspring
call'd
Parthenii
;
who
,
when
they
grew
up
,
were
own'd
by
none
,
and
had
no
Heritage
allotted
them
;
whereupon
they
enter'd
into
a
Conspiracy
together
with
the
Slaves
or
Helotae
.
But
,
the
Conspiracy
being
discover'd
,
they
were
expell'd
,
and
as
they
wander'd
in
quest
of
a
new
Seat
happen'd
to
fix
in
Italy
,
where
they
expell'd
the
Barbarians
and
Cretians
that
liv'd
near
Tarentum
.
32.
The
Messenians
were
impatient
of
bondage
and
having
no
hopes
that
the
Lacedemonian
Yoak
would
become
easier
,
thought
it
better
for
them
to
dye
in
Battel
,
than
to
depart
the
Peloponnesus
;
whereupon
they
enter'd
into
a
Conspiracy
under
the
Conduct
of
Aristomenes
a
Youth
of
noble
Birth
.
Accordingly
,
when
all
things
were
got
in
readiness
for
War
,
they
revolted
in
the
39
Year
after
the
overthrow
of
Ithomes
,
the
4th
of
the
23
Olympiad
in
which
Icarus
was
Victor
,
while
the
yearly
Magistrates
govern'd
in
Athens
,
and
Tlesias
was
Praetor
or
chief
Archon
.
A.
M.
3320.
33.
Aristomenes
being
a
Man
equally
admir'd
for
the
accomplishments
of
his
Body
and
endowments
of
his
Mind
,
govern'd
the
Messenians
very
happily
,
and
routed
the
Lacedemonians
oftner
than
once
;
so
that
they
began
to
entertain
some
Thoughts
of
Peace
;
but
Tyrtaeus
the
Poet
unhing'd
their
Resolutions
by
teaching
'em
to
make
up
the
loss
of
their
Men
by
recruits
of
the
Helotae
.
For
about
a
Year
or
two
before
they
had
sent
to
consult
the
Delphick
Oracle
about
the
event
of
the
War
;
and
the
Goddess
made
answer
,
that
a
Counsellor
must
be
sent
for
from
Athens
.
The
Athenians
being
desir'd
to
give
'em
a
Counsellor
,
were
indeed
unwilling
to
assist
them
,
but
dreaded
to
disobey
the
Oracle
;
wherefore
they
sent
'em
this
Tyrtaeus
,
a
Schoolmaster
,
lame
in
his
Feet
,
and
not
over-sound
in
his
intellectuals
.
34.
In
the
third
Year
of
the
War
,
the
Messenians
being
deserted
by
the
Auxiliary
Troops
of
Arcadia
,
were
almost
totally
cut
off
at
Fossa-magna
.
Whereupon
,
by
Aristomenes's
advice
,
they
abandon'd
all
their
Towns
;
excepting
Pylus
and
Methene
;
and
retir'd
to
the
Mountain
Ira
,
where
they
were
soon
after
block'd
up
.
The
Siege
lasted
10
Years
,
till
at
length
Aristomenes
,
who
had
frequently
gall'd
the
Lacedemonians
in
sallying
out
,
was
wounded
;
whereupon
the
Guards
were
but
carelessly
kept
,
and
the
Enemy
got
access
into
Ira
;
but
with
a
very
hot
engagement
,
which
gave
Aristomenes
the
opportunity
of
getting
off
.
Thus
the
War
ended
,
and
the
slavery
of
Messenians
was
compleated
in
the
16th
Year
of
the
War
,
the
first
Year
of
the
28th
Olympiad
,
in
the
Archonship
of
Autosthenes
,
A.
M.
3337.
35.
While
the
Lacedemonians
were
pulling
Messenia
to
pieces
,
Aristomenes
resolv'd
to
attack
Sparta
:
But
unfortunatly
discover'd
the
design
to
the
Arcadians
,
and
their
King
,
Aristocrates
,
who
formerly
had
betray'd
them
at
Fossa-magna
,
reveal'd
it
to
the
Lacedemonians
.
By
which
means
Aristomenes
was
indeed
baulk'd
;
but
Aristocrates
was
brought
to
condign
punishment
for
his
perfidy
,
being
ston'd
to
Death
by
his
own
Subjects
.
Next
Spring
several
Messenians
sail'd
to
Italy
,
being
invited
thither
by
Anaxilaus
Tyrant
of
Rhegium
,
who
was
a
Messenian
by
Birth
.
36.
By
advice
from
Anaxilaus
,
they
besige'd
Zancle
a
City
in
Sicily
;
and
being
at
last
receiv'd
into
the
City
christen'd
it
Messene
.
Aristomenes
gave
his
Daughter
to
the
Men
of
the
biggest
Character
;
and
soon
after
went
to
Rhodes
,
to
his
Son-in-Law
Demagetus
,
where
he
died
.
He
was
a
very
famous
Man
,
and
deserves
to
be
rank'd
among
those
few
who
liv'd
and
died
in
a
flourishing
and
glorious
state
.
37.
Such
of
the
Messenians
as
would
not
leave
their
Country
,
were
added
to
the
number
of
the
Helotae
,
and
oppress'd
with
the
highest
degree
of
Slavery
;
because
they
were
not
so
much
Enemies
as
Rivals
;
and
the
War
they
had
wag'd
was
not
carried
on
out
of
any
design
to
affect
the
Government
,
but
to
shew
themselves
a
gallant
People
.
The
Lacedemonian
interest
was
considerably
strengthen'd
by
the
addition
of
Messenia
to
their
Dominions
.
It
continued
200
Years
in
their
Hands
,
till
at
length
the
old
Inhabitants
return'd
.
But
the
return
of
the
Messenians
and
the
affairs
of
the
Lacedemonians
contemporary
to
it
,
must
be
cast
into
another
Place
.
SECT
.
VI
.
The
most
Ancient
State
of
the
Kingdom
of
Corinth
.
1.
COrinth
,
a
City
in
the
Isthmus
of
Peloponnesus
,
was
built
by
Sisyphus
,
under
the
Reign
of
Cecrops
King
of
Athens
,
a
little
before
Deucalion's
Deluge
,
A.
M.
2486.
2.
Sisyphus
was
a
wise
Man
.
He
marry'd
Merope
the
Daughter
of
Atlas
;
and
begot
Glaucus
,
Ornytion
,
Thersander
,
and
Olmus
;
and
was
the
first
that
celebrated
Games
in
the
Isthmus
.
Glaucus
begat
Bellerophontes
.
Bellerophontes
being
guilty
of
Murder
,
fled
to
Argi
,
where
he
was
entertain'd
by
the
King
Praetus
;
but
having
deny'd
to
satisfie
the
Queen
,
who
courted
his
Embraces
,
was
charg'd
by
her
with
the
offering
Violence
to
her
;
and
the
King
sent
him
away
to
Lycia
to
Iolus
the
Queen's
Father
,
with
private
Orders
to
the
King
to
make
away
with
his
Guest
.
3.
Accordingly
Iolas
engag'd
him
with
the
Monster
Chimaera
,
which
he
defeated
and
kill'd
,
being
mounted
on
Pegasus
.
Then
he
sent
him
against
the
Solymi
and
Amazons
,
whom
he
likewise
conquer'd
.
At
last
several
stout
young
Fellows
laid
wait
for
him
,
whom
he
likewise
kill'd
.
Whereupon
Iolus
admir'd
his
Valour
,
and
marry'd
his
Daughter
Philonoe
to
him
;
and
,
when
he
died
,
made
him
his
Heir
.
When
Bellerophontes
fled
from
Corinth
,
Thoas
the
Son
of
Ornytion
got
the
Kingdom
.
Demophoon
succeeded
him
,
and
after
him
Propodas
;
whose
two
Sons
Doridas
and
Hyanthidas
reign'd
jointly
,
when
Aletes
the
Son
of
Hippotas
,
Grandson
to
Antiochus
,
and
Great
Grandson
to
Hercules
,
conquer'd
Corinth
.
4.
It
is
not
certain
from
whence
the
City
was
call'd
Corinth
;
but
thus
much
we
know
,
that
Aletes
christen'd
it
Corinthus
Jovis
in
Honour
of
Jupiter
Dodonaeus
,
whose
Oracle
foretold
his
Accession
to
the
Crown
.
Hence
the
vulgar
People
took
occasion
to
boast
,
that
one
Corinthus
the
Builder
of
their
City
was
descended
of
Jupiter
;
and
were
so
proud
of
the
Fancy
,
that
all
Greece
ridicul'd
them
for
it
.
5.
After
Aletes
,
the
Eldest
Sons
of
the
Heraclidae
reign'd
for
several
Ages
.
The
first
was
Ixion
,
the
second
Agelaus
,
the
third
Prumnis
,
the
fourth
Bacchis
,
whose
Posterity
were
called
Bacchiadae
.
He
was
follow'd
by
8
Successors
in
order
,
the
last
of
whom
,
Automenes
,
had
reign'd
just
one
Year
,
when
above
200
Bacchiadae
possess'd
themselves
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
continu'd
an
Aristocratical
Government
for
90
Years
,
chusing
every
Year
a
Prytanis
as
Superintendant
over
the
rest
.
6.
While
the
Bacchiadae
were
thus
possess'd
of
the
Government
,
the
Corinthians
were
Lords
of
the
Sea
,
and
carry'd
a
Colony
to
Sicily
,
under
the
Conduct
of
Archias
,
which
built
the
City
Syracusae
.
About
the
same
time
they
sent
another
Colony
to
the
Island
Phaeacus
,
which
built
the
City
of
Corcyra
,
from
whence
the
Island
deriv'd
its
Name
.
7.
The
Bacchiadae
admitted
no
body
else
to
share
with
them
in
the
Government
,
or
to
join
with
them
in
Marriage
.
But
one
Labda
,
slighted
by
her
own
Family
because
she
was
lame
,
married
Eetion
Son
to
Echecrates
,
who
consulted
the
Delphick
Oracle
concerning
his
Issue
,
and
receiv'd
this
Response
,
That
he
should
have
a
Son
,
who
would
fall
like
a
Stone
upon
the
Oligarchy
,
and
crush
it
to
pieces
.
The
Bacchiadae
being
aware
of
the
Prophecy
,
resolv'd
to
make
away
with
the
Infant
as
soon
as
it
was
born
;
and
accordingly
sent
10
of
their
Family
to
put
the
Design
in
Execution
,
under
the
pretence
of
congratulating
Eetion
.
8.
But
when
they
took
the
Child
in
their
Arms
,
it
smil'd
so
prettily
upon
them
all
,
that
they
were
mov'd
with
Compassion
,
and
went
away
without
hurting
it
:
But
being
gone
,
they
chid
one
another
,
and
return'd
to
put
the
Murder
in
execution
.
But
the
Mother
over-hearing
their
Conference
,
hid
the
Child
under
a
Bushel
,
which
in
Creek
is
call'd
{αβγδ}
,
whence
the
Child
was
nam'd
Cypselus
.
9.
When
Cypselus
came
of
Age
,
he
blinded
the
People
with
his
Bounty
,
and
invaded
the
Government
in
the
2d
Year
of
the
31st
Olympiad
,
in
the
Reign
of
Phraortes
in
Media
,
and
Ardyes
the
Grandson
of
Croesus
in
Lydia
,
20
Years
after
the
Messenian
War
,
and
30
Years
after
the
Institution
of
the
Archontes
at
Athens
,
A.
M.
3350.
At
first
he
establish'd
himself
in
the
Government
with
the
Slaughter
of
a
great
many
,
but
afterwards
behav'd
himself
so
civilly
and
bountifully
,
that
he
made
use
of
no
Guards
.
His
Example
upon
this
score
is
truly
wonderful
;
and
Gelon
,
Tyrant
of
Syracuse
,
was
the
only
King
that
propos'd
it
as
a
Pattern
.
10.
After
30
Years
Cypselus
died
,
and
his
Son
Periander
succeeded
,
who
was
so
timorous
,
that
he
kept
a
Guard
of
300
Men
,
and
chose
rather
to
be
fear'd
than
belov'd
.
Authors
tell
us
,
that
at
first
he
demean'd
himself
pretty
moderately
,
and
gradually
degenerated
into
a
cruel
and
barbarous
Temper
.
He
marry'd
Melissa
the
Daughter
of
Pr●●les
or
Patrocles
King
of
Epidaurus
,
by
whom
he
had
2
Sons
,
Cypselus
and
Lycophron
;
but
upon
the
Sollicitation
of
his
Whores
,
kick'd
her
to
Death
when
she
was
with
Child
.
11.
Lycophron
was
mightily
troubled
at
his
Mother's
Death
,
and
prov'd
so
disobedient
to
his
Father
,
that
he
banish'd
him
to
Corcyra
.
But
after
some
Years
,
Periander
being
worn
out
with
Age
,
and
Cypselus
being
naturally
unfit
for
Business
,
he
call'd
him
home
again
,
and
purchas'd
his
Return
at
no
less
rate
,
than
that
of
devesting
himself
of
the
Power
,
and
shifting
Places
of
Residence
with
him
.
But
after
all
,
when
every
thing
was
agreed
upon
,
the
Corcyreans
being
resolv'd
to
undergo
any
Difficulties
,
rather
than
admit
Periander
,
made
away
with
the
young
Prince
.
12.
Periander
took
the
Murder
of
his
Son
so
much
to
heart
;
and
withal
,
his
not
being
able
to
revenge
it
upon
the
Corcyreans
;
that
he
sunk
under
it
in
the
80th
Year
of
his
Age
,
and
the
40th
of
his
Reign
.
He
was
reckon'd
by
some
one
of
the
Seven
Wise
Men
.
He
was
a
most
cruel
Tyrant
,
famous
for
his
Knowledge
of
Military
Affairs
,
as
having
pass'd
all
his
Days
in
Arms
,
and
redoubted
for
his
Power
at
Sea
,
being
furnish'd
with
the
most
commodious
Harbours
both
in
the
Ionian
and
Egean
Sea
.
He
died
in
the
4th
Year
of
the
48th
Olympiad
,
7
Years
after
Solon's
Laws
were
receiv'd
in
Athens
,
A.
M.
3420.
13.
The
Tyranny
did
not
last
much
longer
than
Periander
:
for
Psammeticus
,
Son
to
Gordias
his
Brother
,
or
else
to
Periander
his
Kinsman
,
possess'd
it
only
for
3
Years
and
6
Months
:
After
which
time
the
Monarchy
was
abrogated
,
and
a
Popular
Government
erected
,
which
continu'd
as
long
as
the
Liberty
of
Greece
it self
.
We
are
at
a
loss
to
tell
what
was
the
particular
Form
of
this
Republick
;
but
't
is
plain
from
Plutarch
,
that
the
Power
of
the
Commons
was
not
so
extensive
as
in
that
of
Syracuse
.
14.
However
the
Government
was
all
over
popular
;
for
nothing
of
any
Importance
was
determin'd
without
the
Consent
of
the
People
.
The
Corinthians
were
mortal
Enemies
to
Monarchy
,
and
cou'd
least
brook
it
;
upon
which
account
they
frequently
Embarqu'd
in
heavy
Wars
,
and
a
Corinthian
General
was
always
look'd
upon
as
a
most
fit
Person
for
extirpating
Tyranny
.
SECT
.
VII
.
The
most
Ancient
State
of
the
Kingdom
of
Thebes
.
1.
Boeotia
was
bounded
by
Phocis
on
the
West
;
the
Eubean
Sea
to
the
East
,
the
East
Locrians
to
the
North
,
and
Attica
and
Megaris
on
the
South
.
Its
Metropolitan
was
Thebes
;
but
it
is
uncertain
who
Built
it
.
Calydnus
is
said
to
have
Reign'd
there
first
,
and
next
to
him
Ogyges
,
in
whose
Reign
the
ancientest
Deluge
happen'd
in
Greece
,
and
from
him
was
called
Ogygium
,
1020
Years
before
the
first
Olympiad
,
in
the
Reign
of
Phoroneus
at
Argi
.
At
length
Cadmus
came
to
the
Government
,
while
Corax
Reign'd
at
Sicyon
,
and
Danaus
at
Argi
,
about
347
Years
after
the
beginning
of
Ogyges's
Reign
.
2.
According
to
the
Grecians
,
Cadmus
was
the
Son
of
Agenor
,
Brother
to
Belus
,
and
Cousin
German
to
Danaus
and
Aegyptus
,
who
went
from
Egypt
into
Phoenicia
;
and
besides
Cadmus
,
begat
upon
Telphussa
,
Phoenices
and
Cilices
his
two
Sons
,
and
Europa
whom
Jupiter
ravish'd
.
The
three
Brethren
were
sent
to
see
for
their
Sister
,
and
prohibited
to
return
without
they
brought
her
back
.
Cadmus
wander'd
up
and
down
a
long
while
,
and
when
he
despair'd
of
finding
his
Sister
came
at
last
to
Boeotia
,
where
,
by
the
Advice
of
the
Oracle
,
he
either
built
or
restor'd
Thebes
,
and
added
a
Castle
to
it
,
which
from
him
was
call'd
Cadmaea
.
He
Marry'd
Harmonia
the
Daughter
of
Mars
and
Venus
.
He
was
the
first
that
introduc'd
Letters
from
Phoenicia
to
Greece
,
which
were
thence
call'd
Phoenician
,
and
afterwards
Pelasgian
,
because
the
Pelasgi
were
first
acquainted
with
them
.
3.
By
Harmonia
Cadmus
had
one
Son
,
namely
,
Polydorus
,
and
four
Daughters
,
namely
,
Semele
,
Ino
,
Autonoe
,
and
Agaue
.
Semele
bore
to
Jupiter
,
Dionysus
or
Bacchus
the
Inventer
of
Wine
;
Ino
bore
to
Achamas
the
Son
of
Aeolus
,
and
Grandchild
to
Hellen
,
Actaeon
whom
his
own
Dogs
pull'd
in
pieces
;
and
Agaue
bore
Pentheus
to
Eetion
.
Cadmus
being
invited
to
Head
the
Enchiloi
against
the
Illyrions
,
left
Thebes
to
Polydorus
,
and
Conquer'd
the
Illyrians
and
Reign'd
over
them
.
Having
establish'd
himself
in
the
Government
he
begat
his
Son
Illyrius
,
who
either
gave
the
name
to
the
People
,
or
else
deriv'd
it
from
them
.
The
Poets
fabulously
represent
Cadmus
and
Harmonia
,
as
being
at
that
time
converted
into
Snakes
,
because
they
laid
aside
their
former
Goodness
,
and
took
up
a
Barbarous
Temper
.
4.
This
is
the
Grecian
account
of
Cadmus-Tho
'
they
Honor'd
him
with
the
Title
of
a
King's
Son
,
yet
the
Sidonans
his
Countrymen
deny
that
he
had
any
such
Title
,
and
say
he
was
only
the
King's
Cook
,
who
run
away
with
one
Harmonia
a
Musician
.
His
Arrival
in
Greece
,
happen'd
about
the
time
of
Joshua
;
so
that
we
may
lawfully
inferr
that
the
Colony
of
the
Canaanites
,
when
outted
of
their
own
Country
by
Joshua
,
was
Conducted
by
him
to
Greece
;
and
that
he
deriv'd
his
Name
from
Cadmonim
or
the
Hivites
,
who
were
so
call'd
because
they
Inhabited
Mount
Hermon
in
the
East
of
Canaan
.
5.
To
which
we
may
add
,
that
his
Wife
might
be
call'd
Harmonia
from
Mount
Hermon
;
and
the
Fable
of
their
being
turn'd
into
Snakes
might
take
its
rise
from
Hevaeus
,
which
in
Syriack
signifies
a
Snake
.
There
are
many
Proofs
that
he
introduc'd
Letters
into
Greece
.
It
is
probable
he
likewise
first
Instituted
the
Rites
of
Bacchus
,
and
upon
that
account
is
represented
as
his
Grandfather
,
whereas
Nimrod
was
the
true
Bacchus
.
He
call'd
the
City
Thebes
,
there
being
another
City
in
Canaan
of
the
same
name
mention'd
in
the
Book
of
Judges
,
which
Josephus
calls
Thebae
in
the
Plural
Number
.
Now
the
word
Thebae
signifies
Mudd
or
Slime
.
6.
Polydorus
Succeeded
his
Father
Cadmus
,
and
begat
Labdacus
,
by
Nycteis
the
Daughter
of
Nycteus
,
and
at
his
Death
,
recommended
his
Son
to
the
Care
of
his
Father-in-law
.
Epopeus
King
of
Sicyonia
ravish'd
Antiope
,
Nycteus's
other
Daughter
,
whereupon
a
War
broke
out
,
and
both
the
Kings
died
of
their
Wounds
.
So
that
Lycus
the
Brother
of
Nycteus
became
Guardian
to
Labdacus
,
who
manag'd
every
thing
so
faithfully
,
that
when
Labdacus
died
he
committed
the
Education
of
his
Son
Laius
to
his
Care
.
But
Lycus
having
punish'd
Antiope
in
pursuance
of
the
Orders
left
by
Nycteus
,
was
kill'd
in
an
Engagement
with
Amphion
and
Zethus
her
Sons
,
so
that
Thebes
was
taken
,
and
the
Infant
Laius
escap'd
very
narrowly
.
7.
By
this
means
Amphion
and
Zethus
the
Sons
of
Antiope
Possess'd
themselves
of
the
Kingdom
of
Thebes
▪
Amphion
was
so
noted
a
Musician
,
that
he
is
said
to
be
able
by
his
Art
to
draw
up
Stones
for
the
building
of
Towers
.
He
Marry'd
Niobe
the
Daughter
of
Tantalus
and
Sister
to
Pelops
;
who
being
the
Mother
of
a
numerous
Issue
,
ruin'd
her self
by
boasting
that
she
was
more
fruitful
than
Latona
her self
.
For
Apollo
was
order'd
to
put
to
Death
all
the
Males
,
and
Diana
was
enjoin'd
to
do
the
same
to
the
other
Sex
;
whereupon
Niobe
was
so
stupify'd
with
sorrow
,
that
she
was
fabulously
represented
,
as
being
turn'd
into
a
Stone
.
Afterwards
Amphion
and
all
his
Family
died
of
the
Plague
.
Zethus
was
so
griev'd
for
his
Sons
being
casually
kill'd
by
his
own
Wife
,
that
he
died
of
a
Consumption
.
The
two
Brethren
being
thus
cut
off
,
the
Thebans
restor'd
the
Kingdom
to
Laius
the
Son
of
Labdacus
.
8.
Laius
marry'd
Jocasta
the
Daughter
of
Menoeceus
by
whom
he
had
a
Son
,
whom
he
bound
in
Fetters
and
laid
out
,
because
the
Oracle
had
advertis'd
him
to
beware
of
him
.
The
Infant
,
whose
Feet
were
mightily
swell'd
,
from
whence
he
was
call'd
Oepidus
,
was
carried
to
Polybus
King
of
Corinth
,
who
cur'd
him
and
brought
him
up
.
Long
after
that
,
both
having
heard
some
uncertain
Rumours
,
the
one
of
his
Father
and
the
other
of
his
Son
,
they
went
both
to
Consult
the
Oracle
;
and
meeting
accidentally
in
Phocis
,
Laius
Imperiously
Commanded
the
other
to
get
out
of
his
way
,
whereupon
the
Son
thinking
nothing
of
his
Father
kill'd
him
.
9.
After
the
Death
of
Laius
,
Crion
the
Brother
of
Jocasta
,
possess'd
himself
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
continu'd
Possessor
till
Oedipus
unfolded
the
Riddle
of
Sphinx
.
The
Story
is
,
That
this
Monster
had
a
Woman's
Head
and
Face
,
with
lower
Parts
resembling
those
of
a
Lion
,
and
Wings
besides
:
It
us'd
to
sit
on
Mount
Phiceon
,
and
propose
Riddles
to
Strangers
,
which
whoever
could
not
unfold
was
slain
,
and
whoever
could
do
it
was
to
have
Jocasta
and
her
Kingdom
for
a
reward
.
10.
The
Riddle
propos'd
to
Oedipus
was
this
:
What
is
it
that
walks
upon
two
,
three
and
four
Feet
?
Oedipus
apply'd
it
to
a
Man
,
who
in
his
Infancy
creeps
upon
the
Ground
upon
his
Hands
and
Feet
,
and
when
he
comes
to
be
of
Age
walks
upright
upon
his
Legs
,
but
when
Age
has
worn
him
out
,
he
stoops
and
leans
upon
a
Stick
.
Some
say
this
Monster
was
a
cruel
and
ugly
Woman
,
that
liv'd
upon
Plunder
and
laid
wait
for
Strangers
.
11.
But
Pausanias
says
,
she
was
a
Bastard
Daughter
of
Laius
,
and
upon
that
account
some
think
,
that
,
by
reason
of
her
extraordinary
Wisdom
,
she
was
empower'd
to
determine
the
Debates
of
those
who
were
Rivals
for
the
Kingdom
,
and
punish
those
with
Death
whom
she
Convicted
of
falsities
.
From
whence
the
Poets
took
occasion
to
invent
the
Fable
.
The
Egyptians
had
such
an
Opinion
of
this
Woman's
Wisdom
,
that
they
made
use
of
the
Monster
,
as
a
Hierolgyphick
for
Wisdom
and
Fortitude
.
12.
't
is
reported
that
Oedipus
married
his
Mother
,
and
obtain'd
the
Kingdom
of
Thebes
.
But
afterwards
both
his
parricide
and
incest
were
brought
to
light
.
Whereupon
Jocasta
hang'd
herself
,
and
Oedipus
was
put
in
Prison
by
his
Sons
,
and
banish'd
to
Athens
to
the
Court
of
Theseus
then
King
,
where
he
died
.
He
had
2
Sons
,
either
by
his
Mother
or
by
Euryganea
,
namely
,
Eteocles
and
Polynices
,
the
eldest
of
whom
promis'd
to
share
the
Government
with
his
Brother
,
but
was
not
so
good
as
his
Word
.
Adrostus
King
of
Argos
,
and
Father-in-Law
to
Polynices
,
resolv'd
to
resent
the
injury
he
did
to
his
Brother
,
and
accordingly
drew
together
a
company
of
the
most
War-like
Youths
,
in
order
to
attack
Thebes
.
13.
Seven
great
Captains
engag'd
'
emselves
in
this
War
with
the
Obligation
of
an
Oath
,
among
whom
was
Amphiaraus
,
who
marry'd
Eriphile
the
Sister
of
Adrastus
.
After
several
doubtful
Skirmishes
it
was
agreed
upon
that
the
two
Brethren
should
decide
the
Quarrel
in
a
Duel
,
but
to
no
purpose
,
for
they
kill'd
one
another
,
and
a
Bloody
engagement
ensu'd
,
and
all
Adrastus's
companions
were
cut
off
,
and
himself
escap'd
very
narowly
by
the
advantage
of
a
swift
Horse
.
But
the
Thebans
lost
so
many
Men
and
purchas'd
this
Victory
so
dear
,
that
Victoria
Cadmaea
became
a
Proverb
among
them
.
This
Theban
War
happen'd
28
Years
before
the
Destruction
of
Troy
.
14.
Eteocles
left
a
Young
Son
,
nam'd
Latodamus
,
and
Creon
,
Jocasta's
Brother
,
undertook
his
Guardianship
.
Creon
prohibited
the
Burial
of
the
Argives
,
till
Theseus
obtain'd
it
by
his
intreaty
.
About
10
Years
after
the
War
,
Laodamus
came
of
Age
;
at
which
time
the
Offspring
of
those
who
were
kill'd
(
who
were
call'd
Epigoni
)
resolving
to
be
reveng'd
upon
the
Thebans
,
engag'd
in
another
War
,
in
which
Laodamus
and
the
City
were
taken
.
Notwithstanding
that
Pausanias
writes
,
that
Latodamus
escap'd
and
fled
to
the
Illyrians
.
15.
The
Epigoni
being
Masters
of
the
Town
,
set
Thersander
the
Son
of
Polynices
upon
the
Throne
,
who
afterwards
headed
the
Beotians
in
their
expedition
against
Troy
,
and
was
kill'd
by
Telephus
in
Mysia
.
Tisamenus
his
Son
being
then
a
Child
,
the
Beotians
chose
Peneleus
to
be
their
Head
,
who
died
in
an
engagement
with
Euryphilus
the
Son
of
Telephus
.
16.
After
the
Death
of
Peneleus
,
Tisamenus
the
Son
of
Thersander
reign
d
in
Thebes
.
Autesion
his
Son
went
over
to
the
Dorians
,
and
his
Place
was
fill'd
by
Damasichthon
the
Son
of
Opheltas
,
and
Grandson
to
Peneleus
;
and
he
again
was
follow'd
by
Ptolomy
.
The
last
in
the
Roll
was
Xanthus
,
whom
Melanthus
the
Messenian
kill'd
in
a
Duel
;
at
which
time
the
War
broke
out
between
the
Thebans
and
Athenians
,
upon
the
account
of
Celaenae
which
lay
in
their
Confines
;
of
which
elsewhere
.
This
War
happen'd
56
Years
after
the
Destruction
of
Troy
,
24
Years
before
the
return
of
the
Heraclidae
,
57
Years
before
the
Death
of
Codrus
,
252
Years
before
the
Restoration
of
the
Olympiads
by
Iphitus
,
A.
M.
2877.
17.
After
the
Death
of
Xanthus
,
the
Thebans
together
with
the
Celenians
renounc'd
Monarchy
,
preferring
the
Government
of
many
to
that
of
one
;
witness
Pausanias
;
tho'
at
the
same
time
that
Author
gives
us
no
distinct
account
of
the
Form
of
the
Republick
,
whether
it
was
an
Oligarchy
or
a
Democracy
that
prevail'd
,
when
the
Persian
Monarchy
flourish'd
,
and
Greece
was
in
its
best
Condition
;
upon
which
Period
of
time
we
shall
have
occasion
to
continue
the
account
of
the
Thebans
.
CHAP.
VI
.
The
Original
of
Rome
,
and
its
affairs
contemporary
with
the
Babylonian
Empire
.
SECT
.
I.
The
Original
of
the
City
of
Rome
.
1.
THE
City
of
Rome
is
situated
in
Latium
in
the
West
of
Italy
,
upon
the
River
Tiberis
.
The
Sicilians
are
said
to
have
inhabited
that
Place
first
,
and
were
expell'd
by
the
Aborigines
,
the
Offspring
of
the
Oenotrii
,
so
call'd
because
they
came
from
Lycaonia
(
afterwards
Arcadia
)
under
the
Conduct
of
Oenotrus
Son
to
Lycaon
.
2.
The
Aborigines
were
joyn'd
by
some
Pelasgians
who
fled
from
Haemonia
,
afterwards
Thessaly
;
and
the
Arcadians
who
came
from
Palantium
under
the
conduct
of
Evander
the
Son
of
Mercurius
and
the
Nymph
Themis
,
and
christen'd
the
Hill
where
they
planted
themselves
by
the
name
of
Palantium
.
Not
long
after
that
happen'd
,
Hercules
upon
his
return
from
Spain
left
some
Peloponnesians
upon
the
Hill
Saturnius
or
Capitolinus
;
in
the
reign
of
Faunus
King
of
the
Aborigines
.
3.
The
Father
of
Faunus
was
Picus
the
Son
of
Saturn
,
who
fled
from
Creet
to
Italy
for
fear
of
his
Son
Jupiter
,
and
christen'd
the
Country
Latium
,
(
a
latendo
)
from
his
living
Incognito
.
Some
allege
this
Man's
name
was
Sterces
,
and
Picus
was
his
Sirname
;
and
that
he
gave
being
to
the
Laurentian
Kingdom
so
call'd
from
Laurentum
a
City
that
deriv'd
its
name
from
the
Laurel-tree
.
4.
This
Faunus
or
Fatuus
is
said
to
have
married
his
Sister
Fauna
or
Fatua
,
who
us'd
to
Prophesie
things
to
come
in
a
Fit
of
Madness
or
Fury
;
from
whence
the
Word
Fatuari
was
applied
to
that
sort
of
People
.
But
since
he
is
reckon'd
the
Sons
of
Mars
,
and
is
said
to
have
serv'd
under
Bacchus
in
India
;
since
he
goes
likewise
by
the
name
of
Sylvanus
,
Invius
and
Pan
;
he
must
be
the
same
Pan
Arcas
,
whose
Worship
was
introduc'd
into
Italy
by
Evander
.
So
far
was
he
from
reigning
in
Latium
.
5.
The
Next
King
to
Faunus
was
Latinus
,
whom
some
give
in
for
his
Son
,
and
others
for
the
Son
of
Hercules
.
In
the
35th
Year
of
the
Reign
of
Latinus
,
and
55
Years
after
Hercules's
departure
,
Aeneas
with
his
Trojan
retinue
landed
at
Laurentum
near
the
Mouth
of
the
Tiberis
,
after
he
had
wander'd
a
long
time
.
This
Aeneas
was
the
Son
of
Anchises
,
the
Grandson
of
Capys
,
and
Great
Grandson
to
Assaracus
,
Brother
to
Ilus
,
and
Son
to
Tros
the
King
.
When
he
perceiv'd
that
Troy
was
reduc'd
to
the
last
extremity
,
he
had
retir'd
to
the
Castle
;
and
while
the
Grecians
were
busi'd
about
the
Town
,
escap'd
from
thence
to
Mount
Ida
with
a
Company
of
Men
.
6.
From
thence
he
put
out
to
Sea
,
and
was
toss'd
up
and
down
by
the
Sea
and
Winds
for
a
long
time
,
till
at
last
in
the
2d
Year
he
arriv'd
in
Italy
accompany'd
by
600
Men
.
't
is
true
,
Virgil
,
the
Poet
,
makes
as
if
he
came
not
to
Italy
till
the
10th
Year
,
and
stuffs
the
accounts
of
his
Voyage
with
a
long
Story
of
Dido
,
who
built
Carthage
310
Years
after
the
taking
of
Troy
;
but
these
are
only
Poetical
Fictions
,
and
groundless
advances
.
7.
Aeneas
having
a
piece
of
Ground
allotted
him
,
assisted
Latinus
against
the
Rutili
;
and
when
they
were
conquer'd
married
his
Daughter
Lavinia
,
from
whom
the
Town
he
afterwards
built
was
call'd
Lavinium
.
Next
Year
the
Rutili
rebell'd
,
and
kill'd
his
Father-in-Law
in
Battel
,
so
that
he
got
the
Crown
,
and
gave
all
his
Subjects
the
Name
of
Latini
,
partly
for
the
Honour
of
his
Father's
Name
,
and
partly
in
order
to
unite
the
Minds
of
his
People
.
In
the
7th
Year
after
the
destruction
of
Troy
,
and
the
4th
after
the
Death
of
Latinus
,
Mezentius
King
of
the
Etrurians
,
being
apprehensive
of
his
greatness
,
declar'd
War
against
him
;
and
came
to
a
battel
,
which
only
Night
decided
,
in
which
Aeneas
disappear'd
;
that
is
,
was
either
kill'd
or
drown'd
in
the
River
Numicus
.
However
his
Subjects
believ'd
he
was
taken
up
to
Heaven
,
and
honour'd
him
with
a
Niche
,
under
the
Title
of
Jupiter
Indigetes
.
8.
Aeneas
was
follow'd
by
his
Son
Ascanius
,
whose
name
was
Euryleon
before
it
was
chang'd
upon
the
Flight
.
't
is
not
certain
whether
he
was
born
of
Creusa
or
Lavinia
.
About
30
Years
after
the
building
of
Lavinium
he
left
that
City
to
his
Stepmother
,
and
march'd
off
with
a
Colony
and
built
Alba
Longa
.
After
28
Years
Sylvius
the
Brother
of
Ascanius
succeeded
him
.
He
was
the
Son
of
Lavinia
who
for
fear
of
Ascanius
retir'd
to
the
Woods
,
and
there
brought
forth
this
her
posthumous
Child
.
9.
Iulus
the
Son
of
Ascanius
disputed
with
him
for
the
Kingdom
;
but
the
People
thought
fit
to
give
the
Priesthood
to
him
and
his
Posterity
.
After
Sylvius
all
his
Successors
were
Sirnam'd
Sylvius's
;
and
they
follow'd
in
this
order
;
viz.
Aeneas
Sylvius
,
Latinus
,
Alba
,
Capetus
,
Capys
,
Calpetus
or
Carpentus
,
Tiberinus
(
who
was
drown'd
in
the
Albula
and
gave
it
the
name
of
Tiberis
)
Agrippa
,
Alladius
(
or
Aremulus
and
Romulus
)
Aventinas
,
Procas
and
Sylvius
.
10.
Procas
was
the
13th
King
of
Alba
.
He
left
two
Sons
,
namely
,
Numitor
and
Amulius
,
the
latter
of
whom
dethron'd
his
Elder
Brother
and
usurp'd
the
Government
.
He
kill'd
his
Son
,
and
for
fear
his
Daughter
Sylvia
or
Ilia
should
have
Issue
,
Consecrated
her
for
a
Priestess
to
Vesta
.
But
in
the
4th
Year
of
her
Priesthood
,
some
body
got
her
with
Child
,
and
she
brought
forth
Twins
,
namely
,
Romulus
and
Remus
;
who
were
thrown
into
the
River
by
the
King's
Orders
,
their
Mother
being
either
Murder'd
or
Condemn'd
to
perpetual
Emprisonment
.
11.
But
it
happen'd
that
the
Water
Ebb'd
and
left
them
on
the
dry
Ground
,
whereupon
a
Wolf
came
and
Suckled
them
,
and
afterwards
Faustulus
the
King's
Shepherd
found
them
,
and
brought
them
up
among
the
Royal
Shepherds
.
Some
think
that
Acca
Laurentia
who
Nurs'd
them
by
the
orders
of
Faustulus
,
was
not
his
Wife
,
but
his
Whore
,
which
gave
occasion
to
the
fabulous
Story
of
their
being
suckled
by
a
Wolf
or
Lupa
;
that
being
the
Name
for
a
Whore
,
as
Lupanaria
was
for
a
Bawdy-house
.
12.
When
the
Children
came
of
Age
,
and
were
acquainted
with
their
Original
,
they
slew
Amulius
,
and
restor'd
their
Grandfather
Numitor
to
his
Kingdom
.
Having
set
the
Affairs
of
Alba
in
a
peaceable
State
,
they
had
a
mind
to
March
out
with
a
Colony
.
Numitor
encourag'd
their
Design
,
and
to
that
end
allotted
'em
the
Grounds
upon
which
they
were
brought
up
,
together
with
such
Citizens
as
he
knew
to
be
most
devoted
to
his
Brother
,
and
such
as
preferr'd
a
strange
Habitation
to
their
own
Country
.
Most
of
the
Trojans
Listed
themselves
in
the
Colony
,
and
we
're
inform'd
that
50
Trojan
Families
continued
till
the
time
of
Dionysius
Halicarnasseus
.
The
Inhabitants
of
Palantium
and
Saturnia
,
happening
to
live
upon
the
Place
,
join'd
in
with
them
.
13.
When
the
Brethren
set
about
their
new
Project
,
they
differ'd
upon
the
place
where
the
City
should
be
Built
.
Romulus
was
for
the
Mons
Palatinus
,
upon
which
they
were
brought
up
.
At
last
the
Affair
was
left
to
the
determination
of
their
Grandfather
;
who
advis'd
them
to
remit
it
to
the
augury
of
Birds
.
Accordingly
it
was
done
.
And
Remus
had
first
six
Vultures
upon
the
Mons
Aventinus
;
but
afterwards
twelve
came
to
Romulus
upon
the
Palatinus
.
Whereupon
the
Discord
was
still
inflam'd
,
while
the
one
pleaded
the
Priority
of
Time
,
and
the
other
the
advantage
of
Number
,
and
both
were
declar'd
Kings
by
their
followers
.
At
last
they
came
to
an
Engagement
,
in
which
Rèmus
lost
at
once
both
his
Life
and
Kingdom
.
Then
Romulus
having
an
uncontroll'd
Liberty
to
do
what
he
pleas'd
,
surrounded
the
Aventian
Hill
with
a
Wall
.
14.
This
is
the
most
Probable
and
approv'd
Account
of
the
Original
of
Rome
.
The
Grecians
attribute
the
building
of
it
,
some
to
Romus
the
Son
of
Aeneas
,
some
to
Aeneas
himself
,
others
to
the
Sons
of
Latinus
and
one
Roma
,
and
others
again
to
Remus
the
Son
of
Circe
and
Ulysses
.
Neither
are
the
Roman
Writers
agreed
upon
the
matter
;
for
some
give
in
the
Sons
of
Aeneas
,
and
others
his
Daughter's
Sons
,
for
the
Builders
.
Besides
Antiochus
the
Syracusan
makes
mention
of
a
City
of
Rome
built
before
the
Trojan
War
;
so
that
some
think
it
was
built
oftner
than
once
,
or
else
that
some
time
after
its
building
it
was
repair'd
by
others
.
15.
But
to
wave
the
Debate
,
whether
this
was
a
new
Albanian
Colony
,
or
an
Old
City
rebuilt
;
Authors
are
very
much
divided
upon
the
time
of
the
rebuilding
.
Timaeus
Siculus
makes
the
Date
of
Rome
equal
to
that
of
Carthage
,
and
says
it
was
built
38
Years
before
the
first
Olympiad
.
And
among
those
who
are
look'd
upon
as
most
Authentick
,
some
say
it
was
built
in
the
6
Olympiad
,
viz.
The
first
Year
of
it
,
according
to
Velleius
Paterculus
,
or
the
third
according
to
others
,
or
the
fourth
according
to
Varro
the
most
Learn'd
of
all
the
Grecians
and
Romans
,
who
in
that
point
follow'd
Tarrutius
the
famous
Mathematician
.
16.
M.
Porcius
Cato
Dates
the
Aera
of
the
City
in
the
1
Year
of
the
7th
Olympiad
:
But
Fabius
Pictor
casts
it
into
the
8th
,
and
L.
Cyncius
into
the
12th
.
Among
all
these
jarring
Opinions
,
Varro's
seems
to
be
best
Entitl'd
to
a
preference
;
which
is
,
that
Rome
was
built
in
the
4th
Year
of
the
6th
Olympiad
,
the
6th
of
Jotham
King
of
Judah
,
the
7th
of
Pekah
King
of
Israel
,
at
the
time
of
the
Institution
of
the
Ephori
in
Sparta
,
in
the
Archonship
of
Charops
the
1
of
the
Decennial
Archons
,
A.
M.
3252.
SECT
.
II
.
From
the
Building
of
the
City
,
to
the
overthrow
of
the
Monarchy
.
The
space
of
245
Years
.
1.
ROmulus
being
28
Years
of
Age
,
laid
the
Foundation
of
the
City
,
on
the
20th
day
of
April
(
according
to
the
Julian
Year
,
the
4th
of
October
)
between
Eleven
and
Twelve
a
Clock
,
when
the
Sun
was
in
Libra
,
the
Moon
in
Jugum
,
Jupiter
in
Piscis
;
Saturn
,
Venus
,
Mars
,
and
Mercury
,
in
Scorpio
,
according
to
the
Computation
of
Tarrutius
,
who
is
certainly
the
most
topping
Man
among
all
the
Mathematicians
.
Varro
,
Ovid
,
and
others
wou'd
have
Rome
to
be
Founded
with
the
Parilia
or
Palilia
.
The
Parilia
were
so
call'd
a
Pariendo
,
and
therefore
the
Hyades
,
under
which
the
Town
was
Built
,
go
by
the
Name
of
Parilitium
,
or
Palilitium
Sydus
.
Now
Pales
among
the
Romans
was
the
Goddess
of
Pasture
,
and
the
Feasts
Celebrated
to
her
Honour
on
the
1
Day
of
May
were
call'd
Palilia
.
Capellus
,
pursuant
to
Tarrutius's
Opinion
,
dates
the
1
Year
of
the
City
from
the
first
New
Moon
of
January
and
Capricorn
,
3
Months
after
its
Foundation
was
laid
.
2.
The
Colony
consisted
only
of
300
Horse
and
3000
Foot
,
and
in
order
to
enlarge
their
Number
,
a
Sanctuary
was
open'd
to
all
Refugees
.
The
People
were
divided
according
to
their
Number
into
three
Tribes
,
and
every
Tribe
into
ten
Wards
,
or
Curiae
,
and
every
Ward
into
ten
lesser
Wards
or
Decuriae
.
But
with
reference
to
their
Dignities
,
they
were
distinguish'd
into
Patricii
and
Plebeii
,
who
were
mutually
engag'd
to
one
another
by
the
rights
of
Patronage
and
Vassalage
.
Their
Senate
,
was
elected
by
the
People
and
consisted
of
100
Patricii
.
It
got
its
Name
from
Senium
,
or
,
if
we
Credit
Festus
,
a
Sinendo
.
The
People
did
likewise
chuse
300
Young
Men
for
a
Guard
to
their
King
,
who
were
call'd
Celeres
,
either
from
their
Celerity
and
Expedition
in
executing
their
Orders
,
or
,
according
to
Valerius
Antias
,
from
Celer
their
Captain
.
3.
The
Politick
Constitution
of
the
Kingdom
of
Rome
was
this
.
The
Kings
had
Power
to
determine
all
forms
of
Worship
or
Superstition
;
and
to
oversee
all
Laws
and
Customs
,
whether
Natural
,
or
Enacted
by
Statute
;
and
to
give
Judgment
in
matters
of
greater
Importance
,
those
of
lesser
Moment
being
left
to
the
determination
of
the
Senate
.
Moreover
,
the
King
had
Power
to
call
the
Senate
,
to
call
together
the
People
,
to
give
his
Opinion
first
,
and
to
ratifie
what
the
Majority
carry'd
.
Thus
we
see
the
limits
of
the
King's
power
were
too
confin'd
at
Home
;
but
his
Power
in
Military
Affairs
was
not
at
all
bounded
.
4.
The
Senat's
Priviledge
was
to
take
into
Consideration
his
Majesties
Proposals
,
and
Enact
what
they
thought
fit
.
The
People
assembled
was
to
create
Magistrates
,
make
Laws
,
receive
his
Majesties
Proposals
of
Military
Affairs
,
but
not
without
the
intervention
of
the
Senate's
Authority
.
For
when
the
Wards
Voted
any
thing
,
their
Decree
or
Plebiscitum
was
remitted
to
the
Senate
.
Tho'
this
Custom
seems
to
be
afterwards
chang'd
,
when
the
People
confirm'd
the
Acts
of
the
Senate
call'd
Senatus
Consulta
,
and
not
the
Senate
those
of
the
Wards
.
5.
Romulus
made
many
Laws
and
those
very
good
ones
,
most
of
which
were
written
.
He
enacted
,
that
if
they
took
any
Land
from
their
Enemy
,
a
Colony
should
be
carried
thither
,
and
the
Inhabitants
of
the
Place
should
be
translated
to
Rome
,
and
allow'd
the
Freedom
of
the
City
.
His
Laws
of
Matrimony
were
so
admirably
well
contriv'd
,
that
for
520
Years
no
Divorce
was
heard
of
,
till
the
137
Olympiad
,
in
which
Sp.
Carvilius
divorc'd
his
Wife
,
in
the
Consulship
of
M.
Pomponius
and
C.
Papyrius
.
For
tho'
he
did
it
for
the
sake
of
Children
,
according
to
his
Oath
before
the
Censors
,
yet
the
People
always
hated
him
for
it
.
6.
Indeed
he
gave
Parents
too
much
Power
over
their
Children
.
He
prohibited
sordid
Trades
and
such
as
promoted
Luxury
.
He
only
desir'd
to
advance
the
Arts
of
War
and
Husbandry
,
and
allow'd
Mercats
only
once
in
9
Days
.
He
us'd
to
come
in
Person
to
the
Mercat
Place
,
and
pronounce
the
Laws
from
a
Tribunal
,
attended
by
the
300
Celeres
,
together
with
Sergeants
before
him
carrying
the
Axes
and
Rods
,
and
other
Badges
of
Majesty
.
7.
Romulus
taking
into
consideration
how
much
he
was
hated
by
the
neighbouring
Nations
,
courted
Alliances
with
them
.
It
is
uncertain
whether
it
was
the
Scarcity
of
Women
,
or
the
design
of
an
opportunity
of
War
,
that
mov'd
him
to
institute
solemn
Games
,
and
when
great
numbers
of
People
crouded
to
see
them
from
all
corners
,
to
give
the
Signal
to
his
own
Men
to
ravish
their
Virgins
.
However
683
were
ravish'd
by
that
Stratagem
,
which
gave
rise
to
a
heavy
War
,
especially
with
the
Sabini
,
who
became
Masters
of
the
Capitol
by
Treachery
,
and
gall'd
the
Romans
mightily
.
8.
While
both
Parties
were
sollicitous
concerning
the
event
,
the
Women
upon
whose
account
the
War
broke
out
,
went
upon
an
embassy
,
and
reconcil'd
their
Parents
and
Husbands
upon
these
Terms
.
1.
That
Tatius
the
King
of
the
Sabines
should
reign
along
with
Romulus
at
Rome
,
with
equal
Power
.
2.
That
the
City
it self
should
be
call'd
Rome
from
Romulus
;
but
the
Citizens
should
go
by
the
name
of
Quirites
from
Cures
which
was
Tatius's
Country
.
3.
Any
of
the
Sabines
that
pleas'd
were
to
have
the
Freedom
of
the
City
.
9.
By
this
means
Tatius
bacame
Sharer
in
the
Government
of
the
Kingdom
of
Rome
,
but
was
kill'd
by
the
Lavinians
about
5
Years
after
,
because
he
refus'd
to
deliver
up
some
Robbers
.
Romulus
did
not
much
resent
the
murder
of
his
Colleague
,
but
gave
Satisfaction
to
the
plaintiffs
.
Then
he
conquer
d
the
Fidenates
and
Crustumeni
,
and
at
last
the
Veientes
;
by
which
conquests
,
together
with
his
other
enterprises
which
were
always
successful
,
he
became
a
Tyrant
,
and
then
the
Senate
was
never
call'd
but
to
confirm
his
Placita
.
By
which
means
he
render'd
himself
so
odious
to
the
Senate
,
that
they
pull'd
him
in
Pieces
at
the
Lake
of
Capria
while
he
harangu'd
to
the
People
;
and
for
so
much
as
he
disappear'd
all
of
a
sudden
,
it
was
giv'n
out
that
he
was
taken
up
to
Heaven
.
10.
He
liv'd
55
Years
,
and
reign'd
27
,
and
enlarg'd
the
number
of
the
Citizens
to
the
rate
of
46000
foot
and
1000
Horse
.
He
had
succeeded
to
his
Grandfather
in
the
Kingdom
of
Albany
which
he
govern'd
by
Deputies
.
He
died
on
the
5th
Day
July
(
acccording
to
the
Julian
Year
,
on
the
26th
of
May
)
which
day
was
call'd
Nonae
Caprotinae
,
alluding
to
the
Place
where
the
Murder
was
committed
,
and
the
flight
of
the
People
,
for
the
Plebs
was
in
so
great
a
Consternation
that
they
run
all
away
.
11.
The
Senate
govern'd
the
Republick
one
Year
,
after
which
Numa
Pompilius
a
Sabine
was
chosen
King
.
This
Prince
added
the
Ornament
of
Laws
to
the
City
that
ow'd
its
rise
to
Arms
alone
.
He
built
a
Temple
to
Janus
,
which
was
always
to
stand
open
in
War
,
and
shut
in
time
of
Peace
.
He
discarded
Romulus's
Guards
;
and
to
the
2
Flamines
,
viz.
one
for
Jupiter
and
another
for
Mars
,
he
added
a
3d
for
Romulus
.
He
instituted
the
order
of
Priests
,
and
vestal
Virgins
;
and
reform'd
the
Model
of
the
Year
,
by
adding
or
at
least
prefixing
January
and
February
to
the
other
10
Months
.
12.
His
Religion
came
nearest
to
the
Pythagorean
Worship
,
as
in
many
other
things
so
especially
in
this
that
he
allow'd
no
image
of
God
;
for
an
immortal
and
invisible
Majesty
is
only
to
be
view'd
by
the
Soul
,
and
indeed
the
Romans
us'd
no
image
of
him
for
170
Years
.
Whereas
some
have
alledg'd
that
Numa
convers'd
with
Pythagoras
;
that
Plea
is
plainly
naught
,
since
that
Philospher
was
not
born
till
100
Years
after
his
Death
.
Indeed
't
is
true
he
kept
company
with
one
Pythagoras
a
Lacedemonian
,
who
assisted
him
in
the
administration
of
the
Government
,
and
who
went
into
Italy
in
the
16th
Olympiad
,
from
the
3d
Year
of
which
Plutarch
dates
the
beginnig
of
Numa's
Reign
.
13.
After
Numa
had
reign'd
43
Years
,
and
liv'd
80
,
Tullius
Hostilius
succeeded
him
,
in
the
2d
Year
of
the
27th
Olympiad
,
in
which
Eurybates
won
the
Race
,
in
the
Archonship
of
Leostratus
,
the
31
of
the
Reign
of
Manasseh
King
of
Judah
,
and
the
83
from
the
building
of
the
City
,
A.
M.
3333.
He
was
the
Son
of
that
Hostilius
who
behav'd
himself
so
bravely
against
the
Sabines
,
and
married
Hersilia
out
of
the
same
Family
.
He
ingratiated
himself
with
the
People
by
the
division
of
Lands
,
and
added
the
Hill
Coelius
to
the
precincts
of
the
City
.
He
was
a
Warlike
Prince
and
hugg'd
all
Opportunities
of
War
.
14.
Hostilius
took
occasion
to
declare
War
,
upon
the
Alban's
plundering
the
Roman
Grounds
.
And
indeed
C.
Cluilius
their
Dictator
was
not
inclin'd
to
Peace
.
But
as
soon
as
Cluilius
dy'd
,
the
Albans
were
much
dishearten'd
notwithstanding
the
Pains
that
Metius
Suffetius
his
Successor
took
to
inflame
the
Quarrel
.
Besides
,
the
Fidenates
waited
greedily
to
see
the
Event
of
the
War
,
as
having
an
equal
design
against
both
Parties
.
Whereupon
't
was
mov'd
and
agreed
to
,
that
the
matter
should
be
decided
by
the
Engagement
of
Three
Brethren
on
each
side
,
viz.
The
Horatii
and
Curiatii
.
In
the
beginning
of
the
Engagement
two
of
the
Horatii
were
kill'd
,
and
the
third
was
oblig'd
to
engage
the
other
three
;
but
acted
his
part
so
,
that
he
engag'd
'em
all
singly
and
successively
,
by
which
means
he
got
the
Victory
,
and
Rome
triumph'd
upon
it
.
15.
Hostilius
was
very
civil
to
the
Albans
.
But
sentenc'd
Suffetius
to
be
beheaded
,
for
being
concern'd
with
the
Fidenates
and
Veientes
in
a
perfidious
Conspiracy
.
He
likewise
levell'd
Alba
with
the
Ground
,
which
was
then
the
Metropolitan
of
Rome
,
and
about
30
other
Towns
,
after
it
had
stood
about
487
Years
.
16.
Hostilius
first
conquer'd
the
Fidenatians
,
and
afterwards
the
Sabines
:
And
then
declar'd
War
against
the
Latines
,
for
refusing
to
pay
Homage
to
the
Romans
when
they
conquer'd
the
Metropolitan
.
The
War
went
on
pretty
easily
for
5
Years
,
and
then
they
were
beginning
to
entertain
some
Thoughts
of
Peace
,
when
all
of
a
sudden
Tullus
and
all
his
Family
were
cut
off
either
by
a
Thunderbolt
,
or
,
as
most
Men
believ'd
,
by
the
intrigues
of
his
Successor
,
after
he
had
reign'd
32
Years
.
17.
After
the
Death
of
Tullus
the
Regent
put
up
an
election
;
and
Ancus
Martius
,
Numa's
Grandson
,
was
pitch'd
upon
to
be
King
in
the
2d
Year
of
the
35th
Olympiad
,
in
which
Phaedrus
the
Lacedemonian
won
the
Race
,
in
the
Archonship
of
Damasias
,
and
the
115
Year
from
the
building
of
Rome
.
Ancus
devoted
himself
entirely
to
Peace
and
Religion
;
and
was
thereupon
accounted
Lazy
and
Timorous
.
But
the
Latines
quickly
rous'd
him
up
,
by
plundering
the
Country
,
and
reviving
the
War
.
18.
But
Ancus
quickly
reduc'd
them
,
as
well
as
the
Fidenates
,
Volsci
,
Vejentes
,
and
Sabines
.
He
joyn'd
Rome
to
Janiculum
by
a
Bridge
.
And
in
the
middle
of
the
City
built
a
Prison
for
Criminals
.
He
enlarg'd
the
precincts
of
the
City
,
and
extended
the
Dominions
of
Rome
to
the
Sea
,
and
for
the
encouragement
of
Trade
built
Ostia
in
the
Mouth
of
the
Tiberis
.
He
reign'd
24
Years
,
and
was
short
of
none
of
his
Predecessors
.
19.
His
Succcessor
was
Lucius
Tarquinius
,
Originally
a
Grecian
,
being
the
Son
of
Demaratus
of
Corinth
,
who
descended
of
the
Bacchiadae
,
and
in
the
time
of
Cypselus's
Tyranny
came
to
Hetruria
,
and
begot
two
Sons
,
namely
Aruns
and
Lucumo
,
upon
an
Etrurian
Matron
.
Aruns
died
without
any
living
issue
;
but
after
his
Death
a
Posthumous
Child
was
brought
forth
,
which
from
its
Poverty
was
christen'd
Egerius
.
20.
For
Demaratus
took
his
Son's
Death
so
much
to
Heart
,
that
he
died
for
Grief
:
So
that
Lucumo
possess'd
himself
of
the
whole
Heritage
and
became
very
rich
;
but
not
meeting
with
suitable
preferment
in
Tuscany
came
to
Rome
;
where
Ancus
gave
him
a
very
civil
reception
,
and
he
chang'd
his
name
from
Lucumo
to
Lucius
,
together
with
a
Sirname
taken
from
his
Country
Tarquinia
.
His
Wife's
name
was
Tanaquil
Gaja
Caecilia
.
21.
Ancus
made
Tarquinius
a
Senator
;
so
that
Tarquinius
won
a
considerable
share
of
the
Affections
of
the
People
.
He
was
noted
both
for
his
peaceful
and
military
Vertues
;
and
the
King
depended
so
much
upon
his
Integrity
,
that
he
left
him
Guardian
to
his
Sons
.
But
Tarquinius
insulted
over
their
Childhood
,
and
harangued
the
People
,
in
order
to
hook
in
the
Kingdom
to
himself
.
He
produc'd
the
Example
of
Tatius
and
Numa
to
vouch
for
a
Foreigners
Title
to
that
Dignity
;
but
above
all
,
cry'd
up
his
own
Liberality
.
By
which
means
he
compass'd
his
end
,
in
the
2d
Year
of
the
41st
Olympiad
,
in
which
Cleonidas
the
Theban
won
the
Race
,
139
Years
after
the
building
of
Rome
,
and
the
30th
Year
of
Josiah
King
of
Judah
,
A.
M.
3390.
22.
Tarquinius
oblig'd
the
Latines
to
beg
for
Peace
.
He
subdued
the
Sabines
twice
,
and
after
a
War
of
Nine
Years
standing
,
master'd
the
Etrurians
,
who
in
testimony
of
their
Homage
sent
him
of
their
own
accord
the
Badges
of
Majesty
,
viz.
A
Crown
of
Gold
,
a
Throne
of
Ivory
,
a
Scepter
with
an
Eagle
on
the
top
of
it
,
a
Purple
Coat
barr'd
with
Gold
,
and
a
Purple
lac'd
Gown
that
differ'd
from
those
which
the
Lydian
and
Persian
Kings
wore
,
by
its
semicircular
Figure
.
Some
say
they
likewise
sent
12
Axes
for
so
many
Towns
:
For
the
Custom
was
,
That
the
Magistrate
of
every
Town
should
have
one
,
and
the
General
of
the
Army
twelve
,
carried
before
him
.
23.
I
intimated
above
,
that
Romulus
instituted
a
Senat
of
100
Men
;
which
number
was
now
enlarg'd
by
the
Addition
of
an
equal
number
of
Sabines
,
who
were
made
free
of
the
City
,
and
thereupon
call'd
Patres
Conscripti
.
Tarquinius
added
,
to
these
200
,
yet
another
hundred
,
who
were
styl'd
Patres
Minorum
Gentium
.
He
enlarg'd
the
number
of
the
Vestal
Virgins
from
4
to
7.
He
beautified
the
Forum
,
and
repair'd
the
Walls
(
which
had
been
built
in
a
hurry
)
with
Stones
,
every
one
of
which
was
a
full
Cart-load
by
itself
.
He
likewise
caus'd
Sinks
and
Common-Shoars
to
be
made
for
conveying
the
filth
of
the
Tiberis
;
which
was
so
magnificent
an
undertaking
that
the
Censors
laid
out
2000
Talents
in
cleaning
'
em
.
24.
He
design'd
to
add
three
Centuries
of
Hors-men
to
the
like
number
instituted
by
Romulus
:
But
being
premonish'd
by
Actius
Naevius
,
a
noted
Augur
,
to
avoid
the
Alterations
of
Romulus's
Model
,
he
doubled
the
Number
of
the
additional
Centuries
,
and
left
the
other
three
as
they
were
.
At
length
about
the
38
Year
of
his
Reign
,
and
the
80
of
his
Age
,
he
was
kill'd
by
a
Conspiracy
of
Ancus
Martius
his
Sons
.
He
was
Sirnam'd
Priscus
,
from
the
time
that
his
Grandson
was
christen'd
Superbus
from
the
Corruption
of
his
manners
.
25.
Tarquinius
Priscus
was
follow'd
by
Servius
Tullius
in
the
4th
Year
of
the
50
Olympiad
,
in
the
Archonship
of
Archestratides
,
the
176
Year
after
the
building
of
the
City
,
A.M.
3427.
He
was
call'd
Servius
,
as
being
the
Son
of
one
Ocrisia
Serva
,
who
was
left
with
Child
when
her
Husband
was
kill'd
before
Corniculum
a
City
belonging
to
the
Latines
,
and
was
gifted
by
Tarquinius
to
the
Queen
.
He
was
born
and
brought
up
in
Tarquinius's
House
,
and
gave
great
Proof
of
an
excellent
Genius
:
Whereupon
he
was
prefer'd
to
the
highest
Posts
both
in
the
Army
and
at
home
;
he
was
equally
lov'd
by
the
People
for
his
integrity
and
prudence
;
and
at
last
came
to
be
Son-in-Law
to
Tarquinius
.
26.
Tarquinius
left
no
Sons
alive
,
only
two
Grandchildren
very
Young
.
The
Queen
wheedled
the
People
so
that
she
got
the
Guardianship
of
these
two
Children
to
him
.
He
being
Regent
did
so
Humor
the
Plebs
,
that
in
spite
of
the
Senat
and
the
Patres
Conscripti
,
the
Common
Council
or
Comìtia
Curiata
elected
him
King
.
Having
confirm'd
himself
in
the
Government
,
he
distributed
Publick
Lands
to
the
Poor
;
he
made
50
Laws
in
the
Common
Council
concerning
Contracts
and
Injuries
;
he
added
the
Viminalis
and
Esquilinus
Hills
to
the
other
5
,
and
surrounded
'em
all
with
a
Wall
;
he
divided
the
City
into
4
Parts
,
and
added
a
4th
Tribe
.
27.
Whereas
Romulus
divided
the
People
into
the
Tribes
and
Wards
,
according
to
their
Seats
and
way
of
Communion
in
their
Sacrifices
;
Servius
drew
them
up
in
6
Ranks
according
to
their
Substance
.
The
first
rank
was
alloted
to
those
who
were
worth
110000
Asses
;
the
next
four
comprehended
those
whose
Substance
was
gradually
less
by
a
fourth
Part
;
and
the
last
included
those
who
had
little
or
nothing
.
28.
However
these
6
Classes
were
divided
into
188
Centuries
;
the
first
contain'd
80
of
Footmen
and
18
of
Horsemen
;
in
all
98
:
the
second
22
,
including
the
Tradesmen
;
the
third
20
;
the
fourth
22
;
the
5th
30
;
and
the
6th
only
one
Century
.
Both
the
Men
and
their
Estates
were
to
be
tax'd
according
to
their
Centuries
.
So
that
tho'
the
Richer
sort
were
the
fewer
in
number
,
yet
being
divided
into
several
Centuries
they
contributed
more
Money
and
Men
towards
a
War
.
29.
But
after
all
,
the
Poor
had
nothing
to
boast
of
,
for
the
same
Law
strip'd
'em
of
all
Power
.
For
,
whereas
formerly
their
number
gave
'em
an
ascendant
in
the
common
Council
;
Servius
order'd
that
matters
of
great
importance
should
be
handled
by
a
convention
of
the
Centuries
.
The
first
that
voted
,
was
the
first
Class
consisting
of
98
Centuries
of
the
richest
Citizens
;
and
if
these
98
agreed
upon
one
Vote
,
they
were
sure
to
carry
it
,
as
being
more
numerous
than
the
rest
.
But
if
their
Votes
jarr'd
,
other
Classes
were
call'd
in
till
the
98
came
to
agree
.
30.
And
if
after
all
they
did
not
agree
,
then
at
last
the
6th
Class
,
containing
only
one
Century
of
the
Poorest
sort
of
People
,
was
call'd
to
vote
,
but
withal
very
seldom
.
In
the
mean
time
,
let
the
young
Historian
remark
,
that
the
Word
Centuria
do's
not
imply
just
a
hundred
Men
,
but
a
certain
division
of
Men
;
and
that
in
those
Conventions
of
the
Centuries
,
't
was
not
every
single
Man
,
but
every
Century
,
let
its
number
be
what
it
would
,
that
gave
in
one
Vote
.
31.
When
Tullius
had
gone
through
with
the
Census
,
by
which
he
came
to
know
both
the
Number
and
the
Estates
of
the
People
;
he
appointed
a
Lustrum
so
call'd
a
luendo
,
as
Flustrum
is
a
fluendo
,
according
to
Varro
.
So
thar
after
the
rating
was
over
,
the
Citizens
appear'd
in
Arms
in
the
Campus
Martius
and
made
a
Procession
,
and
the
Sacrifice
of
Suovetaurilia
,
or
a
Hog
,
a
Sheep
,
and
an
Ox
,
were
offer'd
up
.
32.
Then
the
Procession
or
Lustrum
was
appointed
to
be
every
5th
Year
,
for
the
Money
was
paid
every
5th
Year
,
and
Lustrum
seems
to
derive
its
name
from
paying
or
a
luendo
or
Solvendo
.
After
the
Kings
were
expell'd
,
the
Consuls
and
Censors
manag'd
the
Ceremony
.
But
in
the
mean
time
't
is
proper
to
distinguish
between
the
Ancient
Roman
Lustrum
,
and
the
new
Julian
one
,
which
consists
of
4
Julian
Years
,
the
last
of
which
has
366
Days
without
any
additional
Hours
.
For
't
is
apparent
that
the
Ancient
Lustrum
,
properly
so
call'd
,
included
full
5
Years
,
and
could
by
no
means
quadrate
with
the
Olympiads
.
33.
In
this
first
review
,
84700
Roman
Citizens
were
rated
;
and
in
order
to
increase
their
number
he
introduc'd
the
Manumission
of
the
Elders
and
divided
'em
thus
set
free
into
4
Tribes
.
At
first
indeed
they
were
not
made
free
,
but
upon
very
good
grounds
;
but
afterwards
any
Misdemeanor
in
an
ill
Master
was
accounted
sufficient
;
so
that
Dionysus
had
reason
to
blame
the
City
that
govern'd
the
World
,
for
suffering
their
Censors
to
degrade
the
Senators
and
Equites
,
and
to
have
no
regard
to
the
Merit
of
those
whom
they
made
free
of
their
City
.
34.
Tullius
did
not
only
abridge
the
Authority
of
the
Noblemen
and
the
Senat
,
but
likewise
lower'd
the
Regal
Power
,
in
order
to
advance
the
Power
of
the
People
.
The
Latines
,
by
his
Advice
,
built
a
Temple
to
Diana
at
Rome
,
where
they
met
every
Year
upon
a
a
Festival
,
and
remitted
their
mutual
Debates
to
the
Publick
Judgment
;
which
was
the
same
Project
that
the
Amphyctiones
pursu'd
in
Greece
,
as
well
as
in
the
Ionian
Council
in
Ephesus
,
and
the
Convention
of
the
Dorians
at
Epitropium
.
He
was
the
first
that
stamp'd
the
Effigies
of
Cattel
upon
Mony
;
from
whence
't
was
call'd
Pecunia
;
for
before
that
time
,
the
Romans
only
us'd
the
unpolish'd
Mettal
.
35.
This
was
Servius's
business
at
home
.
Abroad
,
he
wag'd
War
with
the
Etrurians
,
and
,
after
three
Triumphs
,
at
last
subdu'd
'
em
.
But
tho'
he
surmounted
all
Publick
Jealousies
and
Oppositions
,
yet
the
Domestick
Feuds
,
was
too
hard
for
him
.
For
he
married
his
two
Daughters
to
Tarquinius's
two
Grandsons
,
viz.
One
Daughter
of
corrupt
Manners
to
the
best
of
the
Princes
,
and
another
of
extraordinary
good
Qualities
to
a
Profligate
Prince
.
Whereupon
the
two
corrupt
Parties
,
one
of
either
Sex
,
combin'd
together
to
kill
,
the
one
her
Husband
,
the
other
his
Wife
,
and
then
to
marry
together
.
After
that
,
their
business
was
to
remove
Servius
out
of
the
way
,
who
had
possess'd
himself
of
the
Kingdom
by
trick
,
and
without
the
Consent
of
the
Patres
:
But
in
order
to
compass
that
end
,
there
was
a
necessity
of
winning
the
Favour
of
the
People
.
36.
At
last
when
Servius's
Glory
defeated
all
their
attempts
;
Tarquinius
,
upon
his
Wife's
Sollicitation
,
resolves
to
make
away
with
his
Father-in-Law
.
Accorddingly
,
he
came
to
the
Council-House
,
and
pull'd
the
old
Gentleman
from
off
his
Throne
,
and
dragg'd
him
to
the
Door
,
and
when
he
offer'd
to
return
home
set
Men
upon
him
to
kill
him
.
And
the
barbarous
Daughter
would
needs
have
her
Coach
drove
over
her
Father's
Corps
as
they
lay
in
the
way
;
from
whence
the
Street
chang'd
its
name
from
Vicus
Cyprius
to
Vicus
Sceleratus
.
This
was
Servius's
Exit
after
he
had
reign'd
44
Years
.
He
was
a
Man
of
great
Moderation
,
and
by
his
modest
Behaviour
wip'd
off
the
Imputations
he
was
charg'd
with
for
invading
the
Government
.
The
Patricii
saw
that
he
design'd
to
put
the
Power
into
the
Hands
of
the
People
,
and
therefore
joyn'd
in
with
Tarquinius
,
in
order
to
keep
up
the
Authority
of
the
Senat
.
37.
Lucius
Tarquinius
possess'd
himself
of
the
Kingdom
of
Rome
,
in
the
4
Year
of
the
61st
Olympiad
,
in
which
Agatharchus
won
the
Race
,
in
the
Archonship
of
Heraclius
or
Heraclides
,
the
26
Year
of
Cyrus
,
220
Years
after
the
building
of
the
City
,
A.
M.
3471.
The
violence
of
his
Temper
procur'd
him
the
Sirname
of
Superbus
;
for
,
't
is
said
,
he
dispos'd
of
every
thing
at
discretion
;
he
sunk
the
Authority
of
the
Senate
and
Conventions
,
and
fill'd
the
City
with
Blood
and
Rapes
.
He
ingag'd
in
a
War
with
the
Volsci
,
which
continued
20
Years
;
and
defeated
the
Sabines
.
He
enter'd
into
a
confederacy
with
the
Aequi
and
Hetrusci
.
He
took
from
the
Volsci
,
the
City
of
Gabii
together
with
Suessa
Pometia
,
and
pretended
to
build
the
Capitol
upon
its
Spoil
,
out
of
regard
to
his
Grandfather
Tarquinius's
Vow
,
who
,
in
the
last
War
against
the
Sabines
,
had
vow'd
a
Temple
to
Jupiter
,
Juno
and
Minerva
;
and
had
been
at
a
great
deal
of
Charges
,
in
smoothing
the
Rock
.
38.
It
is
said
that
a
certain
old
Woman
came
to
Tarquinius
,
and
offer'd
him
9
Books
which
he
refus'd
to
purchase
as
being
overrated
:
Whereupon
she
went
off
,
and
burnt
3
of
'em
,
and
return'd
with
the
other
6
,
demanding
the
same
price
for
them
:
the
King
put
her
off
for
a
Mad
Woman
;
but
she
made
away
with
3
more
,
and
offer'd
the
remaining
3
at
the
same
rate
.
Then
the
matter
was
look'd
upon
as
a
Prodigy
and
referr'd
to
the
Augurs
,
who
advis'd
the
King
to
buy
those
Sibylline
Books
(
for
so
they
were
call'd
)
at
any
rate
.
Accordingly
't
was
done
,
and
the
Woman
immediately
disappear'd
.
39.
Tarquinius
having
purchas'd
the
Sibylline
Books
,
imploy'd
two
Men
to
take
care
of
'em
,
and
allow'd
only
them
to
consult
them
when
there
was
occasion
,
whence
they
were
call'd
Duumviri
Sacrorum
.
Afterwards
the
number
was
enlarg'd
so
that
they
became
Decemviri
Sacrorum
,
upon
the
reception
of
the
Law
call'd
Septia
Licinia
,
when
the
States
were
at
variance
,
about
2
Years
before
the
Commoners
were
allow'd
to
share
in
the
Consulship
.
A
long
while
after
that
5
more
were
added
,
and
then
the
number
was
at
a
stand
.
By
an
Act
of
the
Senate
these
Books
were
to
be
consulted
,
when
Sedition
prevail'd
in
the
Republick
,
when
they
were
routed
in
War
,
or
when
prodigies
appear'd
.
They
were
kept
in
a
Stone
Chest
under
the
Capitol
,
till
both
they
and
the
Place
fell
a
Sacrifice
to
the
Flames
.
Then
they
were
sought
for
in
other
Towns
and
private
Houses
,
and
some
were
made
use
of
that
were
spurious
;
but
the
Genuin
sort
were
distinguish'd
by
Acrostick
lines
.
40.
This
Old
Woman
which
brought
the
Books
to
Tarquinius
,
was
call'd
Sibylla
.
Now
that
Word
signifies
a
Woman
privy
to
Jupiters's
Counsels
;
and
it
will
not
be
improper
to
give
a
short
account
of
the
Family
of
the
Sibylls
.
The
first
Sibylla
,
according
to
Varro
,
was
either
a
Persian
,
Chaldean
,
or
Hebrean
;
born
at
Noe
near
the
Red-Sea
,
her
Father's
name
being
Barossus
,
her
Mother's
Erymantha
,
and
her
own
Sambetha
.
The
second
was
a
Lybian
.
The
third
,
the
Delphick
Themis
.
The
fourth
a
Cumean
from
Cimerium
a
Town
in
Campania
near
to
Cumae
in
Italy
.
The
6th
was
a
Samian
;
her
name
was
Phyto
.
The
seventh
was
of
Cuma
;
her
name
was
Amalthaea
,
and
according
to
others
Hierophile
or
Demophile
.
41.
Suidas
calls
her
Hierophile
,
and
says
that
she
carried
those
9
Books
to
Tarquinius
,
and
demanded
300
Philippus's
for
'
em
.
Plinius
mentions
only
3
Books
,
and
says
that
one
of
'em
was
sav'd
when
the
other
2
were
burnt
.
The
8th
Sibylla
was
of
Hellespont
.
She
was
born
in
the
Trojan
Territories
,
in
a
Village
call'd
Marmissum
near
the
Town
Gergetium
.
Heraclides
Ponticus
writes
that
she
liv'd
in
the
time
of
Solon
and
Cyrus
.
The
9th
was
a
Phrygian
,
and
prophecy'd
in
Ancyra
.
The
10th
a
Tiburtine
;
her
name
was
Albunea
,
and
she
was
worship'd
for
a
Goddess
at
Tibur
near
the
Banks
of
Anio
;
it
being
said
that
the
image
of
her
holding
a
Book
in
her
Hand
was
found
in
that
River
.
42.
This
is
Varro's
account
of
the
Sybills
.
But
there
are
yet
others
made
mention
of
;
namely
Colophonia
Elissa
,
Cassandra
the
Daughter
of
Priamus
,
Sybilla
Epirotica
,
the
Thessalian
Manto
,
the
Daughter
of
Tiresias
the
Theban
;
to
whom
we
might
add
Carmentis
the
Arcadian
,
Mother
to
Evander
,
and
Fauna
or
Fatua
Sister
and
Wife
to
King
Faunus
.
Strabo
mentions
2
Sibylls
that
liv'd
in
Erythra
,
one
of
whom
flourish'd
in
the
Reign
of
Alexander
the
Great
.
43.
To
return
.
Tarquinius
finding
that
the
People
were
out
of
Humour
for
being
oblig'd
to
Work
at
the
building
of
the
Capitol
and
such
mean
sort
of
Work
,
had
a
mind
to
break
the
resenting
Spirit
with
a
design
to
gratify
his
own
Avarice
,
and
march'd
them
out
against
Ardea
a
Rutilan
City
richly
stor'd
with
plenty
of
all
things
.
While
he
lay
before
this
Town
,
Sextus
his
eldest
Son
ravish'd
Lucretia
Wife
to
Tarquinius
Collatinus
,
the
resentment
of
which
Piece
of
wickedness
went
so
high
that
the
King
and
his
whole
Family
were
expell'd
the
Kingdom
.
This
Tarquinius
Collatinus
was
the
Son
of
that
Collatia
,
whom
Tarquinius
Priscus
took
from
the
Latins
and
gave
to
Egerius
his
Posthumous
Grandson
,
the
Father
of
this
Man
.
44.
The
chief
Authors
of
the
King's
Exile
,
were
Lucretius
the
Father
of
Lucretia
,
Publius
Valerius
,
and
L.
Junius
Brutus
the
Son
of
Marcus
Junius
who
descended
of
one
of
Aeneas's
retinue
.
This
Marcus
Junius
married
Tarquinia
the
Daughter
of
Tarquinius
Priscus
,
by
whom
he
had
this
Lucius
;
and
afterwards
Tarquinius
Superbus
put
him
and
his
eldest
Son
to
Death
,
in
order
to
possess
himself
of
his
Estate
.
Lucius
,
upon
the
Death
of
his
Father
and
the
loss
of
his
patrimony
,
was
constrain'd
to
act
the
Part
of
a
Fool
,
and
was
thereupon
Sirnam'd
Brutus
:
but
being
a
Man
of
a
shrewd
Genius
,
he
diligently
watch'd
the
opportunity
of
taking
off
the
Tyrant
.
Accordingly
when
Lucretia
laid
violent
Hands
on
herself
,
and
Collatinus
discover'd
the
Plot
to
him
,
he
took
the
bloody
Knife
in
his
Hand
,
and
perswaded
all
the
company
to
swear
by
Mars
and
the
other
Gods
,
to
expell
Tarquinius
and
his
Offspring
,
and
never
to
suffer
another
King
in
Rome
.
45.
After
Brutus
had
laid
open
the
Method
for
executing
the
design
,
the
Conspirators
enter'd
into
a
debate
upon
the
future
form
of
Government
At
length
they
agreed
to
the
opinion
of
one
,
who
acknowledg'd
that
they
could
not
fall
upon
a
better
form
and
Method
,
than
that
chalk'd
out
by
Romulus
,
Pompilius
,
and
the
other
Kings
;
under
which
the
Government
was
happily
adminstred
,
till
Tarquinius
departed
from
their
example
.
Besides
,
he
thought
that
there
were
some
things
that
occasion'd
the
degeneracy
of
the
Kingdom
into
a
Tyranny
,
and
mov'd
that
these
should
be
quite
abolish'd
;
that
the
name
of
Kingdom
should
be
shifted
for
that
of
a
Republick
;
and
that
Modester
Words
should
be
us'd
for
King
and
Monarchy
.
46.
His
Model
was
,
that
not
one
but
two
should
sit
at
the
Helm
of
Affairs
,
and
that
the
more
Splendid
Badges
of
Majesty
,
which
inflam'd
the
People's
Jealousy
,
should
be
quite
laid
aside
,
excepting
on
triumphal
and
festival
Days
.
Such
Badges
were
the
Scepters
,
the
Crowns
of
Gold
,
and
purple
Garments
.
He
allow'd
the
use
of
the
Ivory
Chair
of
State
,
the
Praetexta
or
white
Garment
border'd
with
Purple
,
and
Serjeants
carrying
the
Rods
of
State
and
Axes
.
Moreover
,
the
Opinion
was
that
the
perpetual
Power
was
by
no
means
to
be
indur'd
;
but
,
that
a
Yearly
Power
was
infinitly
more
suitable
both
to
Modesty
and
Liberty
.
But
at
the
same
time
,
in
order
to
keep
up
the
name
of
a
King
,
he
propos'd
that
the
Title
of
Rex
Sacrorum
should
be
conferr'd
upon
some
Noblemen
,
who
should
have
the
Charge
of
Religious
Worship
.
47.
Brutus
having
obtain'd
an
act
of
the
Senate
for
his
purpose
,
calls
together
the
People
,
and
exposes
to
to
their
view
the
Corps
of
Lucretia
stain'd
with
Blood
and
Gore
.
Then
he
took
occasion
to
exaggerate
the
Charge
against
the
Tarquinij
,
and
made
it
out
at
large
,
that
both
the
People
and
Senate
were
monstrously
injur'd
.
He
told
'em
,
that
neither
the
Temper
of
his
Sons
,
nor
the
Humour
of
Tarquinius
would
permit
them
to
hope
for
amendment
;
and
that
the
business
they
were
about
might
easily
be
put
in
Execution
.
By
which
means
he
obtain'd
a
Plebiscitum
for
expelling
Tarquinius
and
all
his
Offspring
,
and
prohibiting
any
Man
,
under
the
Pain
of
Death
,
to
countenance
their
Restoration
either
by
Words
or
Actions
.
48.
This
was
concluded
upon
in
the
Convention
of
the
Wards
or
Comitia
Curiata
;
and
besides
it
was
agreed
upon
that
2
Men
chosen
by
the
Convention
of
the
Centuries
or
Comitia
Centuriata
should
govern
the
Republick
.
Brutus
nominated
one
Sp.
Lucretius
as
Regent
and
President
to
the
Meeting
,
who
remov'd
the
Convention
to
the
Campus
Martius
,
and
put
up
Brutus
and
Collatinus
as
Candidats
for
the
Office
of
yearly
Kings
.
The
Centuries
back'd
the
Proposal
nemine
contradicente
.
Then
a
Messenger
was
dispatch'd
to
the
Camp
to
sollicit
the
Soldiers
to
revolt
.
49.
The
King
came
post
to
Rome
,
but
finding
the
Gates
shut
upon
him
return'd
to
the
Fields
,
where
his
Soldiers
likewise
refus'd
him
admittance
;
so
that
in
his
Old
Age
,
his
Hairs
being
already
gray
,
he
was
forc'd
to
submit
to
banishment
,
in
the
244th
Year
after
the
building
of
the
City
according
to
Cato
,
but
according
to
Terentius
Varro
the
245th
;
in
the
end
of
the
67th
or
beginning
of
the
68th
Olympiad
,
A.M.
3496.
Plinius
says
,
Tarquinius
was
expell'd
in
the
same
Year
that
the
Pisistratidae
were
outted
of
Athens
,
and
Clemens
casts
it
into
the
same
time
that
Darius
the
Son
of
Hystaspes
took
Babylon
.
These
things
happen'd
about
20
Years
after
Cyrus
put
an
end
to
the
Babylonian
,
and
begun
the
Persian
,
Monarchy
.