Panzooryktologia. Sive Panzoologicomineralogia. Or A compleat history of animals and minerals, containing the summe of all authors, both ancient and modern, Galenicall and chymicall, touching animals, viz. beasts, birds, fishes, serpents, insects, and man, as to their place, meat, name, temperature, vertues, use in meat and medicine, description, kinds, generation, sympathie, antipathie, diseases, cures, hurts, and remedies &c. With the anatomy of man, his diseases, with their definitions, causes, signes, cures, remedies: and use of the London dispensatory, with the doses and formes of all kinds of remedies: as also a history of minerals, viz. earths, mettals, semimettals, their naturall and artificiall excrements, salts, sulphurs, and stones, with their place, matter, names, kinds, temperature, vertues, use, choice, dose, danger, and antidotes. Also an [brace] introduction to zoography and mineralogy. Index of Latine names, with their English names. Universall index of the use and vertues. / By Robert Lovell. St. C.C. Oxon. philotheologiatronomos. Lovell, Robert, 1630?-1690. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A88616 of text xxx in the English Short Title Catalog (Thomason E1810_1 E1811_1). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 924 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 185 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2018 A88616 Wing L3245_pt1 Wing L3246 Thomason E1810_1 Thomason E1811_1 ESTC R30507 99872263 99872263 170401 2264184659

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 Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 2, no. A88616) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 170401) Images scanned from microfilm: (Thomason Tracts ; 226:E1810[1] or 226:E1811[1]) Panzooryktologia. Sive Panzoologicomineralogia. Or A compleat history of animals and minerals, containing the summe of all authors, both ancient and modern, Galenicall and chymicall, touching animals, viz. beasts, birds, fishes, serpents, insects, and man, as to their place, meat, name, temperature, vertues, use in meat and medicine, description, kinds, generation, sympathie, antipathie, diseases, cures, hurts, and remedies &c. With the anatomy of man, his diseases, with their definitions, causes, signes, cures, remedies: and use of the London dispensatory, with the doses and formes of all kinds of remedies: as also a history of minerals, viz. earths, mettals, semimettals, their naturall and artificiall excrements, salts, sulphurs, and stones, with their place, matter, names, kinds, temperature, vertues, use, choice, dose, danger, and antidotes. Also an [brace] introduction to zoography and mineralogy. Index of Latine names, with their English names. Universall index of the use and vertues. / By Robert Lovell. St. C.C. Oxon. philotheologiatronomos. Lovell, Robert, 1630?-1690. [96], 519, [1]; [4], 152 p. Printed by Hen: Hall, for Jos: Godwin., Oxford, : 1661. First word of title in Greek characters; the words "Introduction to zoography .. vertues." are bracketed together. "Panoryktologia. Sive Pammineralogicon" (Wing L3245, first word of title in Greek characters) has separate pagination, register, and title page with "printed by W. Hall" in the imprint. Includes indexes. Annotation on Thomason copy: "Feb:". Reproduction of the original in the British Library. eng Mineralogy -- Early works to 1800. Medicine -- Early works to 1800. Animals -- Early works to 1800. eebo Panzooryktologia. Sive Panzoologicomineralogia. Or A compleat history of animals and minerals,: containing the summe of all authors, both ancient and Lovell, Robert, 1630?-1690. 1661 368 160836 1088 0 0 0 0 0 67.65 D The rate of 67.65 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the D category of texts with between 35 and 100 defects per 10,000 words. 2009-11 Assigned for keying and markup 2009-12 Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2010-02 Sampled and proofread 2010-02 Text and markup reviewed and edited 2010-04 Batch review (QC) and XML conversion

ΠΑΝΖΩΟΡΥΚΤΟΛΟΓΙΑ .

SIVE Panzoologicomineralogia .

Or a Compleat HISTORY Of Animals and Minerals , Containing the Summe of all Authors , both Ancient and Modern , GALENICALL and CHYMICALL , touching Animals , viz. Beasts , Birds , Fishes , Serpents , Insects , and Man , as to their Place , Meat , Name , Temperature , Vertues , Use in Meat and Medicine , Description , Kinds , Generation , Sympathie , Antipathie , Diseases , Cures , Hurts , and Remedies &c.

With the Anatomy of MAN , his Diseases , with their Definitions , Causes , Signes , Cures , Remedies : and use of the London Dispensatory , with the Doses and Formes of all kinds of Remedies :

As also a History of MINERALS , viz. Earths , Mettals , Semi-mettals , their Naturall and Artificiall excrements , Salts , Sulphurs , and Stones , with their Place , Matter , Names , Kinds , Temperature , Vertues , Use , Choice , Dose , Danger , and Antidotes .

Also an Introduction to ZOOGRAPHY and MINERALOGY . Index of Latine Names , with their English Names . Universall INDEX of the Use and Vertues .

By ROBERT LOVELL . St. C. C. Oxon , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 .

OXFORD , Printed by HEN: HALL , for JOS: GODWIN . 1660.

Serenissimo & Invictissimo CAROLO II , Magnae Britanniae , Franciae , & Hiberniae Regi , Fidei Defensori : &c. Omnia Secunda .

AD Regem , Serenissime Rex , tardus accedo , sed laetus ; nec laetus , quia tardus ; sed tardus , quia laetus ; quia remis velisque & bonis avibus appulsus ; nec quia appulsus ipse ego , sed REX IPSE : at at , En Vestram ad Majestatem tandèm accedo , nec carmina apporto , sed carnem , haud 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , meo etenim ( vestro potius , ut rectiùs dixerim ) cum grege , cum equo , cum Monocerote , cum Leone , & cum agno , & quotquot sunt ; agnosco etiam , cum vulpe , sed catenata ; & cum lupo , sed quem auribus teneo ; nec sine avibus , cum aquila , cum pelicano , cum luscinia , cum columba cum olivae ramo , nec sine vulture , ( utpotè qui bella sequitur , ) sed de eo concla●atum est : nec taceo pisces , cum delphino , cum purpura , cum gladio , sed non sine siluro , & cum enchrasicolo , sed sine capite : nec sine Serpentibus , Invictissime Rex , cum angue , cum jaculo , cum caecilia , cum amphisbaena , sed sine venenis , cum basalisco , at sibilare non audet , cum vipera , cum haemorrhoo ; sed non sine remediis : nec non cum Insectis , sc. cum ape , cum formica , cum bombyce , nec sine hirudinibus , erucis , cantharidibus , auriculariis , muscis , crabronibus , vespis , sed horum capita filo tam tenui junguntur corpori , ut quoties pungunt , facili negotio devictae sint vires , & ipsa suis ictibus fiant remedia ; accedo etiam cum cochlea , ideóque tardus : denique mecum meum affero servum , ut Vestrae Majestati fidelis si non fuerit oeconomus , omnibus trium regnorum Anatomicis fiat spectaculum . Restat adhuc aliquid terrae , sc. sigillatae , cimoliae & cretae ; nec omnia perdidi metalla , etenim aes superest , sed quod antea damnabatur in bombardarum usum , & globulorum plumbum , ex ferro fiebant enses , & ferro ferrea aetas ; nunc verò volente Deo , populo volente , aurum denuò metallorum Rex est , & argentum quod totum ferè erat vivum ( adeò ut vix quispiam loculis retineret , ) jam fixum esto , & vestrâ insignitum effigie : est etiam nonnihil salis , quod nullus dubito , quin Vestra Majestas , ne insipidum fiat , curabit ; & sulphuris , quod si nulli alii inserviat usui , haereticorum utcunque comburendis inserviat libris : sed adhuc supersunt gemmae , in quarum numero duodecim sunt sacrae , quae nunc restant ad coronam vestrā decorandam ; & quotquot alii plebeii nimis in Lithologia sunt lapides , ad nihil aliud si utiles , ad contegendos inimicorum Regis serventur tumulos : hae sunt ( Serenissime Rex ) quales saeviente Marte ( tanquàm in Arcâ ) servare potui divitiae , quas Sacrae Majestati Vestrae D. D. D.

Augustissimae Majestatis Vestrae Devotissimus Servus Robertus Louellus . Ex Aede Christi , OXON .
ISAGOGE ZOOLOGICOMINERALOGICA . OR An Introduction to the History of Animals and Minerals , or Panzoographie , and Pammineralogie . COVRTEOVS READER ,

THY former acceptance of my Book of Plants , ( Pambotanologie , ) containing the first part of the materia medica , doth now encourage me to present thee with the second , called Panzoologie , and a third , or Pammineralogie : in the first of which , thou hast the nature and use of all sorts of usefull Animals , both dieteticall and medicinall , &c. and that of Minerals in the last .

I. As for Animals , they are animate bodies , and sentient , having locall motion , and are either irrationall or rationall .

I. Irrationall . I. Four-footed beasts , which are . 1. Solidipedes , having whole hoofes ; as the Horse , asse , onager , mule , zebra , elephant , unicorne , and cornute asse . 2. Bisules , having divided hoofes ; and these are either cornigerous ruminants , horned and chewing the cudde ; as the Cow , empalanga , ure-oxe , bison , butrones , bonasus , bugill , strepsiceros , sheep , musmon , goat , rock-goat , ibex , bubalis , pygargus . buck , cagua cuete , cugvacu-apara ; musk-cat , bez●artick-goat , vicuna , taruga , Scythian suhak , Syriack mambrina , oryx , hart , macame , yztac macame , quauhtlamacame , tamamacame , seouasseu , tragelaphus , tarandus , rainger , elke , and rhinoceros : or ruminants without hornes ; as the Camel , dromedary , hugium , becheti , ragvahil , and camelopardale : or not ruminating ; as the Hogge , zainus , and tapierete : or aquatick , as the Sea-horse . 3. Viviperous digitates , having diverse toes , and bringing forth live young ones , and are either wild ; as the Lion , puma , mitzli , quamitztli , macamitzli , cuitlamitzli , tlalmitzll ; Pardal , thcotochtli ; lynx , tigre , tlaeoocelotl ; bear , wolfe , gulion , and sesef : or wildish ; as the Fox , cojotl , cuit-laxcojotl , azcacojotl , oztoa , izquiepotl , conepatl , bachirae , annae , ilpemaxtla , carygueja , tajibi , tamandua-gvacu , tamandua-i , coati ; ape , orang-outang , baris , monkey , guariba , exquima , cagvi , sagovin , macaqvo , cay ; cynocephalus , papio , upalim ; ignauus , priguiza , bay , badger , heyrat , quaupecotli , tzcuintecuani , tlalcoyotl ; beaver , otter , saricouieme , carygveibeju ; ichneumon , weasel , hermellani , visela , girella , rosola , chiurca , vormela , lardiron , hamester , fitch , neerza ; martes , mustela zibellina ; civet cat , hare , citli , cotias , pacas ; coney , pig-coney , pactli , eliztactotli , cuitlatepotli , tocanthoctli , quautochtli , metochtli , cacatochtli , cuitlatepolli , hapaztochli , viscachae ; squirrel , quauhtcchallotl , tliltic , quapachtli , techallotl , thalmototli , quimichpatlan , yztactechalotl ; dormouse , mouse , rat ; aquatick mouse , filberd , shrew , Alpin mouse , & coyopollin ; mole , hedghogg , porcupine , and tatus : or domestick , as the Dogge , melitean , hound , grayhound , bloodhound , beagle , bandogge , mastive , curre , xoloitzeuintli , itzceuinteporzotli , tetichi , and cat . 4. Oviperous digitates , having diverse toes , and bringing forth eggs , and are either covered with skin ; as the Aquatick frog , toad , green frogge , temporary frogge , lizard , lizard green , and chalcidick , Indian senembi , tejugvacu , taraguira , americima , caropopeba , ameiva , taraguycu aycuraba , tejunhana ; salamander , stellion , scinck , cordylus , chamaeleon , and crocodile : or testaceous , having shells ; as the Torteise , jaboti ; lutarie torteise and marine , jurucua , jurura : or Exotick and dubious , as the Tlacaxolotl , cabim , animal maripetum , danta , cappa , ejulator , su , peva , foetid animal , Graffa , and caoch .

II. Birds , which are 1. Terrestiall carnivorous , or living upon the land and eating flesh ; as the Eagle , chrysaëtus , haliete , melanete , pygargus , morphnos , percuopter , ossifrage , anopaea , white eagle , heteropos , avis scythica ; vultur , little , cinereous , boetick , black , leporarie , and golden ; hawk , asteriu , hobbie , sparrowhawk , faulcon gentle , merlin , kastrell , buzzard , ringtaile , colluriones , kite , harpie , cuckow , faulcon , saker , gyrfaulcon , peregrine , mountane , tunetane , gibbous , white , lapidarie , arborarie , red , cyanopus , and promiscuous ; Parret , great cyanocroceus , white cristate , green , poikilorinchus , green melanorinchus , leucocephalus , erythrocyanus , cinereous , erythroleucus , torquatus macrourus , erythrochlorus macrourus , erythrochlorus cristatus ; crow , cray , rook , chough , coracia , pyrrhocorax ; pie , caudate , indian , glandarie , garrulus , marine , persick ampelide , brasilian , rhinoceros , loxia ; owle , scrich-owle , horn-owle , scops , aluco , howlet , caprimulgus ; batt , and ostrich . 2. Phytivorous , or feeding upon plants ; and these are either , granivorous not melodious , or feeding upon graine , and singing not , and are pulveratricious and wild ; as the Peacock , japonian , and turky ; pheasant , bustard , grigallus , heath-cock , hasle-hen , land duck , stella , oedicnemus , partridg , grecian , reddish , cinereous , white , and damascen ; quaile , ortygometra , and cynchramus : and pulveratricious domestick , as the Cock and hen , patavine , Turcick , Perfick , Scottish , Indian , and Ginnie ; and pulveratricious lavant , as the Pigeon , ring-dove , stock-dove , alchata ; turtle , sparrow , white , yellow , spotted , whitish , mountaine , wild , torquate , juglandine , illyrick , brachyurus , porphyromelanus , and embriza : or granivourous and melodious ; as the Goldfinch , sisken , Canarie sparrow , finch , brambling , linnet , larke , cristate , and not cristate , green-finch , citrinella , serinus , and lutea : or baccivorous , or eating berries ; as the Thrush , ixophagus , trichas , black-bird , saxatile , mountain , torquate , double-coloured , roselike , brasilian and indian , stare , and clot-bird 3. Insectivorous , or feeding upon insects , and are . either not melodious ; as the Woodpecker , great , greatest , green , luteous cyanopus , murarie , nutjobber , witwal , hickwall , creeper , wren , cristate , and not cristate , hedg-sparrow , asilus , swallow , wild and riparie ; martinet , houpe , tit mouse , great fennish , sylvatick , black , c●yuleous , caudate , & cristate ; wagtaile , spipola , stoparola , muscicapa ; robbin-red-breast , bunting , redtaile , phoenicurus , anthus , cannevarola , oenanthe , lusciniola : or melodious ; as the Nightingal , titling and colemouse . 4. Aquatick palmipedes , living in the water , having whole feete , which are either , piscivorous , or feeding upon fish , as the Pelecane , bird diomedea , sea gull , white , cinereous , piscatorie , black , sterna , fidiped ; sea-drake , cepphus , barnicle , plungion , sylvatick crow , night-raven , palmipede daw , mergus , rhenane , glacial , longirostrate , rau●edulous , red , white , cirrhate , merganser , gulo , morfex , scheladrachus , colymbus , uria , br●nthus ; Phalaris , avosetta , and trochilus : or herbivorous , eating grasse or plants ; as the Swan goose , tante and wild , barnicle , birgander , capricalca , duck , domestick , indian , lybian , cairine , wild , teale , glaucius , fuscous , muscovie , platyrynchus , fistularie , candacute , black herle , la tardone , puffin , and bird penelope , coot , and rallus . 5. Aquatick fissipedes , abiding in the water and having divided feet ; and are either carnivorous , or feeding upon flesh ; as the Storke , ibis ; phoenicopter heron , blew , dwarfe , garletta , egretta , squaioeta , bittour , falcinel , bird pugnax ; porphyrion , horion , h●lorius , limosa , barge , haematopus , kingfisher , and rousserolle : or insectivorous , or eating insects , as the Arqua-Arquata , crece , totanus , calidris , himantopus , aquatick henn , chloropus , erythropus , rhodopus , erythra , ochra , hypoleucus , serica ; wood-cock , snite , gallinula , chloropodes , trynga , red-sparrow , water-swallow ; lapwing , cercio , plover ; and charadrius : or herbivorous , feeding upon plants , as the Crane , balearick , and japonian . 6. Exoticks , or outlandish , chiefely the American , and they are terrestriall ; or such as live upon the land : as the Manucodiate , rhyntace , bird daie guitguit , maja , xochitenacatl , jajauhquitototl , tuputa , quapachtototl , tentzontototl , tritonus , hoactzin , emeu , xochitototl , aura , garagay , quetzaltototl , tzinitzian , totoquestal , tepetototl , hoitlallotl , dodone , ceoan , cenotzqui , pauxi , picicitli , polyglotta , chicuatli , tominejus , cuntur : of Brasil , Guranhaeengera , tangara , quereiva , tucana , quirapanga , macucagna , and mutu : of Maragnana , ouyra ovassou , moyton , toucan , ouru , jandou , salian : or aquatick , living in the water ; as the Passer stultus , anser magellanicus , jochualcuachili , xochitenacatl , tlauhquechul , acolin , quachiltone , acacalotli , xomotl , acototloquichitl , aca cahoactl , jacacintli , xlepapantototl , hoactli , heatototl , achalalactli , amalozque : of Farra , Lunda , alka , lomwia , ilabrimel , goifugel , hafflert , stormfinck , barnfiard , helfingegans , exandgans , skua , aves lomsbay , vultur aquaticus , flamenco : or Brasilian , as the Nhanduguacu , jacana , curicaca , tiiepiranga jacapu , jambu , gallina africana , quiratangeima , jupujuba , sayacu , ani , guira guainumbi , jaeguacatiguacu , mitu , mituporanga , ibijau guainumbi , jacup ma , jacamacaii , jacurutu , soco , matuitui , jabiru , jabiruguacu , manucodiata or paradisea , gui●apunga , quiraquerea , jacamaciri , cariama , guara , urutaurana , maguari , guarauna , ajaja , picui pinima , pica cureba , tuidara , guaca guacu , tapera , psittaci aiuru , aiurucurau , aiurucuruca , tui tirica , jendaya tui ete , tui para , araracanga , ararauna , anaca , maracana , qui juba tui , paragua , tarabe , ajurucatinga , ajuruapara , ipecu , urubu , tamatia , guirajemoja , gurrarunheengeta , cocoi , guiratinga , jacarini , guiratirica , guiran heemgatu , curucui , caracara , tijeguacu , teitei , guiraguacu beraba , guiracoereba , guiraperea , japacani , cabure , andira aca , macuacagua , urubitinga , mareca , tijeguacu paruara , tangara , anhima , pitangua guacu , attinguacu camacu , guira acangatara , matuitui , aracari , anhinha , ipecati apoa : the aquatick are , Quiratinga , caripira , calcamar , ayaya , caracura , guara , guirateonteon ; the fabulous are , the Gryphin , harpie , stymphalides , sirenes , seleucides , phoenix , cinnamologus , and semenda .

III. Fishes , which are , 1. Marine , and these are either pelagious , living in the main sea , and either scaled ; as the Linge , molva , morchuel , haddock , sea tench , herring , liparis , aper , scolopax , monoceros , glaucus , and hippurus ; or smooth , as the tunie , pompilus , amia , swordfish , suckstone , sea-serpent , conger , orphidion , lamprey , myrus , and taenia ; or cartilagineous , and they are long , as the Dogg-fish , galeus , catulus , eele , mustelus , asterias , maltha , vulpecula marina , centrine , simia marina , zygaena , mola ; or plaine , as the cramp-fish , fork-fish , sea hawk , raie undulate and oculate , oxyrinchus , stellarie oculate and clavate , spinose , rough , fullonick and roughest ; sea frogge , skate , lamia , lump , and gibbous fish : or saxatile , living neer stones , and are squammose ; as the Golden eye , thrush fish , peacock fish , lepras , cook fish , julis , phycis , sea perch , channe , liver-fish , black taile , alphestes , crow-fish , adonis , amber , anthiae , sea gudgins , sphyraena , horne-beak , and faber ; or smooth , as the Larkfish cristate and not cristate , and pholis : or litorall , living neer the shore , and are either squammose not plaine , as the Mullet , swallow fish , cuckcowfish , keeling , harp-fish , pagrus , crythrinus , acarnane , orphus , dentix , synagris , chromis , guilt head , sargus , sparus , mormyrus , cantharus , stock fish , stromatheus , fiatola , scorpion fish , scorpaena , blennus , pecten Rom , graundlin , phalerick , membras , cobites , hephetus , anchovae , atherina , lavaronus , sprat , mana , smaris , and boops ; or squammose plaine , as the Sole , citharus , rhomboides , and plaise ; or smooth , and not scaled , and they are not plaine , as the Sandilz , dragon , dracunculus , star-gazer , roughtaile , mackrel , colia , saurus , corax ; or smooth and plaine , as the Platessa , & sea flounder . 2. Marine and Fluviatile both , and are squammose , or scaled ; as the Salmon , pike , latus , alosa , ziga , mugil , capriscus , sturgeon , galeus rhodius , and cataphractus : or smooth , as the Huso , eperlanus , lamprey , eele , orbes , holosteos , and catan . 3. Fluviatile , or living in rivers , and are squammose , or scaled ; as the Trout , grailing , umber , barbel , capitones , little , rapacious , and reddish ; dace , oxyrinchus Rond , corvus niloticus , nasus , gudgin capitate and not capitate , pisciculus asper ; cobites aculeate , and barbatula , phoxinus , bubulca , and roche ; or smooth , as the Attilus , antacaei , ichthyocolla , glanis , barbota , mustela , fossil fishes , stonebright , and salmerinus ; or living in rivers and other sweet waters , as the Perch , ruffes , scrollus , bley , jack , carp , breame , ballerus , tench , and lota ; or lakish , as the Vmbla , trout , carp , lavaretus , bezola , albula parva , albus , farra , pigus , schilus , & sarachus . 4. Exotick , and they are either squammose ; as the Tajasica , paru , pira acangata , acarauna , guaperua , piranema , acarapucu , pudiano vermelho , pudiano verde , juruucapeba , jaguaraca , carauna , cururuca , guatacuba juba , pira jarumenbeca , tamoata acara , pira pixanga , vubarana , capeuna , acarapitamba , jaguacaguare , curimata , tareira d'Alto , tareira de Rio , piratiapia , ceixupira , piquitinga , camuri , gvara capema , miivipera , guaibi coara , guaperua , piraya , amore guacu , guacari , piraumbu , acaraja , acara , guaru-guaru , cucupu-guacu , maturaque , carapo , piaba , piabucu , nhaquunda , amore pixuma , amore tinga , guara tereba , piracoaba , corocoro , guatucufa , uribaco , guarerva , camaripuguacu , piratia pua , curema , parati , and aramaca : or smooth , & that altogether so , as Guamaiacu ape , petimbuaba , nhambdia , guaperua , curvata pinima , puraque , piscis innominatus , mucu , abacatuaia , acaramucu , punaru , timucu , guebucu ; bagre , ajereba , jabebirete , niqui , and guatacupu ; or not altogether so , as the Guacucuja , guamajacu guara , and guamajacu attinga , narinari , tiburones , and iperuquiba : or monstrous , &c. as the fish Anthropomorphos , remora , piscis goensis , oxototl , pusta , michipillin , ambiza , piscis mularis , piscis tauriformis , and amilotl . 5. Cetaceous , as the Whale , whirle-poole , pustes , orca , dolphin , parpaise , cetaceous scolopender , sea-calfe , and indian manati . 6. Exanguine aquaticks , which are either soft , as the Polypus , cuttle , loligo , and sea hare ; or Crustate , and are either tailed ; as the Lobster , astacus , or crevisse , shrimp , broad , gibbous , and little ; or round , as the Crab , majus , grampel , hippeis , undulate , marmorate , fluviatile , little , and cancellus ; Of Brasil , Guaja apara , guaia miri , carara una , cunuru , ciecie ete , ciri apoa , nca una , guanhumi , aratu pinima , maracoani , potiquiquiya , tamaru guacu , paranacare , guaricuru : or testaceous , and are , turbinate , which are either involute , as the Nautilus , purple , buccinum , murex , marmorecus , triangularie , white , purple orthocentros , coracoides , aporrhais ; and conchylium ; or orbicular , as the Welke , trochi , nerita , cochlea , sea urchin , spatagus , brissus , echinometra : or conchylious and bivalve , as the Chama , oister , pectines , muscles , tellinae , balani , pholades , solen , nakre ; or univalve , as the Lepas , and concha venerea : as for Zoophytes , or plant-animalls , they are , Vrticae marinae , pulmo marinus , holothuria , tethyia , mentula marina , malum granatum , fungus marinus , penna marina , uva marina , cucumer marinus , malum insanum , and manus marina .

IIII. Serpents , which are . 1. The vulgar and lesser , & are either terrestrial , or living upon the land , as the Viper , ammodyte , horned serpent , hemorrhe , sepedon , aspe , dipsas , scytal , double head , slow-worme , myllet , dart , dryine , elaps , and snake ; the exotick , and chiefely the Indian , are Boicininga , ibiboboca , boigvacu , boitiapo , iraraca , caninana , apochycoatl , alatus , bojobi , tetrauchcoatl , tleoa , cumcoatl , trinhutili : or aquatick living in the water , as the Water snake , torquate and rubetarie ; boas , hydrus , sea scolopender , accatl , and boquatrara . 2. Dragons , and are not alate , or not having wings , either without leggs also , as the Basilisk , draco pythius , serpentes bambae and senegae , or not alate with leggs , as the Hydra , & bononian dragon ; or alate , as the winged dragon .

V. Insects , which are . 1. Terrestrial with feet and wings , and are either anelytra , having no wing-coverings , and have four wings , and these membranaceous , as Bees , drones , wasps , hornets , grashoppers , blister-flies , cimices , perlae ; or farinaceous , as Butterflies , phalanae , great , midle , least , great diurne , midle diurne , least diurne , and silken ; or having two wings , as Flies , aquatick , phryganides , macedonick , tigurine , aeschnae , luteous , fuscous , and water-spider ; terrestrial , zoophagae , carnivorous , canine , equisugae , bucularum osores , ovisugae , serpentivorae , merdivorae , bombylivorae , humisugae , herbivorae , strutiopteros , erinopteros , chelidonios , seticaudae , unifeta , bipiles , tripiles , quadripiles ; oxeflie , asylus , dayflie , and gnat : or coleoptera , having wing-cases ; as Locusts , tenamazna . napaloa , gryllus , beetle , cornute platyceros , aigoceros , quici , bovicornis , nasicornis , ariecornis ; not cornute , as the pilularie , melolonthes , purple , atrate , arboreous , fullo ; scarabaeus , proscarabaeus , water-beetle , taurus volans , cantharides , burn-cow , ips , cucujus , glow-worme , blatta , eare-wig , scorpion , pismire , and pediculi alati . 2. Terrestrial with feet , and without wings ; and are such as are paucipedes , or have fewer feet , and these are sepedes , having six feet , as the Pismire , wall-louse , louse , reduvius , flea , nits , forbicine , talpa Ferrantis , sphondyle , staphylinus , and anthrenus ; or octipedes , having eight feet , as the Scorpion , spiders , harmelesse , as the subdiale , & domestick , retiarie , & telarie ; and various , longlegged black , white , red , nhamdui ; or hurtfull , as the phalangia , formicarie , venatorie , rhagia , stellate , ceruleous , sphecia , tetragnathia , cantharidea , ervestria , cranocalaptes , sclerocephala , scolecia , lanuginous , and lentiginous , or tarantulae & tunga ; or having 12 or 14 feet , as Caterpillers , smooth , as the green , ligustrine , sambucine , lactucarie , mespilarie , quercine ; yellow , vinula , fuscous ; various ; or hirsute and rough , with much haire , as the pity ocampes , ambulones , corylarie , polymidae , neustriae , tuberculous , mesoleucae , urticarie , brassicarie , and sepiarie ; or with lesse haire , as the Geranivora , jacobaea , antennula , echinus , rubicola , & cornute ; silk-worme , & myre : or multipedes , having many feet , as the Cheselippe , pollin , coyayhoal , scolopender , and gally worme . 3. Terrestriall without feet , as Wormes , plantarie , as the arborarie , ligniperdes , corticarie , syrones , and fructuarie , nopal ocuillin , axocuilin , cuchipilutl , deces , enxulon , thripes , termites , cossi , teredines ; fruticarie , leguminarie , frumentarie , herbarie ; or breeding in animals , with the litta , tarnia , meldera , cleri , humane , sinones , broad , sharp , ascarides , and monstrous ; earthworme , and snaile . 4. Aquatick , and are either pedate , having feet , and these are paucipedes , having few feet , as the Squilla , locust , scorpion , notonecta , cicada fluv , anthrenus , forficula , neute , corculus , aquatick flie , cantharides , beetle , water spider , attelabus arachnoides , ligniperda aquatica ; or multipedes , having many feet , as the Tinea , sea flea , sea louse , aquatick asilus , sea scolopender and cadices : or apodes , and without feet , as the Leech , stellae , cartilagineous , testaceous , smooth , pectinate , echinate , arborescent , & solar , hippocampus , & uva marina : These are the generall differences of irrationall animals .

There is further considerable . 1. Amongst Quadrupeds , that those that bring forth animals have haires , and the oviperous have shells : horses have most haire upon the mane , lions upon their shoulders , conies upon the corners of the mouth and leggs , and the hare is most villous ; in all , they grow thick in old age , and gray in the horse ; hogs and porcupines have bristles , the sheep is covered with woole , and the goat is bearded . The skinne , in the sea horse is so thick , that speares may be made thereof ; and in the elephant and rhinoceros , it is almost impenitrable . The hornes , in the stagge are ramous , simple in the spitter , palmate in others , ramous and little in roes , not sheeding , turning round in rammes , dangerous in bulls , bending backwards in the rock-goat , adverse in the damae , erect contort and sharp in the strepsiceros , the Phrygian have moveable hornes , the Troglodyte direct to the earth ; also some have robust for butting , others for wounding , some aduncate , others reduucate , others for tossing are supine , converse or connext : and all are mucronate . The eares , are moveable , and all have them , at least all that bring forth animals , and some have great eares , others have little ; they are divided as it were in the hart , and pilous in the rat ; in horses , and labouring beasts they shew their spirits , being emarcid in those that are weary , micant in the fearfull , somewhat erect in the furious , and loosed in the sick . The mouth , is large in the lion , and dog , and as it were rent , in those that live by hunting , and meane in swine . The trunk , is onely in the elephant . The jawes , are long in working cattle , and round in apes . The neck is stiffe in the lion , woolfe and hyena . The duggs are two , in those that have two young ones , and solid hoofes , and those betwixt the thighs , so in bisulcs and those that are cornigerous : cowes have foure teats , and sheep and goates two those that have a numerous breed , & are digitate , have more along the belly , in a double order , as swine ; the best 12 , the vulgar 10 , so bitches : some have 4 in the middle of the belly , as panthers : others two , as lionesses , the elephant hath two under the shoulder : none have them between the thighs , that have toes . The toes , of those that live by prey , are five in the forefeet , and foure in the rest ; but lions , woolfs , dogs , and a few others , have five in the other also , one hanging down neer the joint of the legge ; the rest , which are lesse , have five . The nailes are in all that have toes ; but the ape's are imbricate , those of the rapacious aduncate : in others they are straight ; as in doggs , except that which for the most part depends on the legge . The hooses , are solid in those , that are not cornigerous : and those that are horned , are commonly bisulks , the jllyrick swine in some places have solid , and they are renewed only in the veterine . The taile is in all , except apes , and in those that have eggs according to the body : they are bareish in those that are rough , as boares ; little in the shagged , as beares setose in those that are longish , as horses ; and being cut off , they grow again in lizards , it 's very long in kine , and rough at the bottome , in horses the dock is shorter than in asses , but setose in the veterine ; in the lion it 's like the cowe's at the bottome , &c. but not so in panthers : it 's bushey in foxes and woolfs , as also in sheep . Also in the internall parts , there is a diversity . The teeth , are exerted in the boar , serrate in the dogge and lion ; contiguous in the horse and cow , the foremost acute , and the interiour plaine . The cornigerous have but one row : they are exert in none , in which they are serrate they are not exert or serrate in any that are horned : but concavous in all , & solid in the rest , and in the ape as in man ; in those that are ruminant , the lion and the dog , they are changed in swine they never fall out . The tongue , in crocodiles , doth all adhere : in lions and cats , it 's of an imbricate asperity , and like a file : and broad chiefely in the elephant . The ribbes , are 10 in swine , and 13 in those that are horned . The heart , in all , is in the midle of the breast ; in that of horses , kine , and staggs , there are bones . it 's greatest in proportion , in mice , hares , asses , staggs , hyaena's , and all that are malefick by reason of feare . The lungs , in the tortise are without bloud : and greatest in proportion in the chamaeleon , and nothing else within . The belly , in solipedes is rough and hard : in others that are terrestriall , of a denticulate asperity , and in some mordaceous cancellate . The spleen , is round in bisulks , and those that are cornigerous : prolix in the multifid ; & very long in solipedes . The reines are in all that generate animals ; & only in the tortise amongst the oviperous . The bladder , is in none of the oviparous , except the tortise : and in none that want sanguineous lungs , or feet . The fat , is often in the horned , having teeth in one part , and huckle bones in the feet , these have tallow ; bisulks , or the cloven footed , and without hornes , grow fat , and this when cold is fragile , and ever in the extremity of the flesh ; but the fat between the flesh and the skin , is succulent and liquid : some grow not fat : but all those that are more sterill , are fat . The marrow , is red in the young , and whitish in the old : it 's only in hollow bones , and not the leggs of labouring beasts , and dogs : it 's fat in those that are fat , and sevous in the cornigerous : bares have none , & the lions little in their thigh bones & fore leggs . As for the place , for the most part it 's the land ; but some live in the water , as the crocodile , sea-horse , beaver , and sea tortise ; some in denns , others in trees ; some in a hot climate , others in a cold ; and in Africa , there are no boares , staggs , nor goats . The diet also is not alike , cowes , staggs , horses and swine , feeding upon herbs and fruits ; sheep , low , goats high , upon bowes and sprouts ; woolfs , lions , and dogs upon flesh ; the beaver , and cat , delighting in fishes ; and the chameleon in flies ; some chew the cud , others not , the ape and monkey eate any thing , and the beare is said to lie hid in winter , and to live by sucking the moisture , which is then in their swollen forefeet . The generation is diverse also , but most generate in autumne , summer or spring , and bears and bulls with ferocity , but doggs without it : for the most part , they bring forth live young ones , but the tortise crocodile and lizard have eggs , and cowes have their young only in the right sinus of the womb . The gestation is various also , the woolf goeth a month or forty daies , the bitch nine weeks : the sow 4 months , the goat 5. sheep 6 , cow 10 , and mare 11. The number of their young differeth likewise , the mule is said never to breed , the woolf but once , & the hare is often troubled with superfetation . The bignesse is differing , solipeds and bisulcs usually being greater than the digitate . And the magnitude differs according to the place . torteises being of an hundred pound weight in Taprobana , and lizards 8 cubits long in Aethiopia . The life , in some is short , in others long . hares and cats live seven yeares ; rams and goats seldome above ten ; hogs twenty , and dogs sometimes ; the exe seldome above 16 , horses 35 , mares till 40 or 50 , or as Pliny , till 70 or upwards ; the mule 80 , & stags an 100. The sight is most acute in the lynx and dorcas ; hyaenas and cats see in the night ; moles , very little or not at all . The hearing is most exact in the hare . The smell is best in the dog , and so weak in swine that they are not offended with dung . The taste is exactest in the ape . The inward senses are very dull in the bugill , which having hid his head , thinks the whole body covered : others are more subtil ; apes are full of imitation : the fox tries the thicknesse of the ice he is to passe over , by laying his eare to it : dogs remember the waies best , and are not excelled by any but onely man : staggs hearing the dogs bark , run down the wind , that their sent may not betray them : and most beasts know what remedies are best for their diseases : the panther seeks mans dung , the tortise strengthens himselfe against serpents , by eating the herb called cunila , and the weasel useth rue . The love of apes is such towards their young , that they often kill them by hugging them . The lust of swine is such , that then they will wound such as stand in their way , the bull is most impetuous , but the camel engenders only in the covert . The motion also , is differing ; some being swift , others slow , and the hare swiftest , the elke will goe as farre in one day as the horse in three , but the asse is exceeding slow . The voice in horses is called neighing , lowing in bulls , braying in asses , grunting in swine , roaring in lions , houling in woolfes , barking in dogs , yelping in foxes , and croaking in frogs , &c. The use likewise is various , those that are hairie yeelding milk , others flesh ; some , garments : and that of the dogge , cat , and horse &c. is known , and the use of their severall parts follow .

2. Amongst Birds . The neck and parts towards the earth , are common with those of other animals : and wings , feathers and bill are proper ; but they want lips , teeth , auricles , and nostrils , yet have little holes instead thereof . The eyes , are as those of other creatures , two in number , but without lids ; but they winke , a membrane passing from the angle . The thigh is like the hip , long , reaching to the middle of the belly , fixed to it . The hip is large in those that have crooked clawes , and the breast is stronger than in others . The taile is supplied by a rump , it 's short in those that have long leggs , or whole feet , but long in others . They bend the wings forewards . The leggs are two , as in man , but they bend them backwards as quadrupedes , they are long in those that have claws , and live in the water : yet the manucodiats want them : they all have diverse clawes , and in some measure divided ; those which flie high have all foure toes , three in the forepart , and one backwards , in stead of a heele ; a few have two forewards , and so backwards , and some have spurs , but not the crooked clawed . The comb , is in the cock , yet some have feathers instead thereof . The inward parts are differing also . The tongue is found in all , in some long , in others broad , which may be taught to counterfeit speaking ; in some it is hard and sharpe like horne , and fleshie backwards . The throat stopper is in none , yet they temper the motion so , that nothing may fall into the throat . The bowels are diverse , in some the craw lying before the stomach . The ventricle in very many is carnose and compact , having a very strong skin within . The craw being wanting , the gullet is broad and large where it 's joyned to the ventricle , as in jack-dawes , crowes , and quailes ; and those that want it , have a long one , and their excrements are more liquid , as the porphyrio . The intestine in some is small , and single . The appendices are explicate , but few , and not above , as in fishes , but in the lower part , at the extremities of the intestines . The gall in some is in the belly , in others in the intestines , as in the swallow , and pigeon , &c. The testicles , are joyned to the reines , and in some are little and obscure , and in the time of coiture they are greater . The sperme is white . The bladder is wanting , a great quantity of humidity being required to the nourishment of feathers . The place , is the aire , water , or earth , & some abide not in the some region , the swallow tarrying but halfe a yeare , the thrush and turtle three months , others depart after breeding , as houps , and some live in hidden places . The meat , is flesh , insects , herbs , grains , seeds , fishes and frogs : of these , some drink by sucking , as those that have long necks , with intermission , and resupination of the head and the porphyrio by biting . The generation is by the lying down of the female , as in hens ; or standing , in cranes : in some at any time , as in hens : and they breed at any time , except in the two brum all months of winter ; but for the most part in the beginning of Spring , and Summer , when also they breed , and commonly but once : they all lay Eggs , except the bat , which bringeth forth young ones . Those that have aduncat clawes are infecund , and their prey more fruitfull : of their eggs , some are white , as those of henns and partridges : others , pale , as of the aquatick ; others spotted , as the turkie's ; some red , as the pheasant's ; and within they are all of two colours ; the young when hatched , passe out by the roundest part , the shell being soft , but presently waxing hard : the time of sitting and number hatched is various , sometimes onely the hen sitteth , sometimes only the male : amongst pigeons the cock in the day , and hen in the night : amongst ring-doves , the henne from noone till morning , and the cock the rest ; after coiture they quiver , and stretch , themselves ; amongst these there is sympathie ; and antipathie , as betwixt the swan and eagle , crow and kite , and so as to beasts . The motion , is various , some walking , as crowes , sparrowes and black-birds leaping , partridges and woodcocks running , storks and cranes throwing their legs forewards , kites stretching their wings , and seldome shaking them ; others , oftener , but only their feathers , the crow stretching the whole side , hick-ways for the most part close , linnets moving the wings once or twice , swallowes flying high , low , directly , partridges low , larks high & falling , quailes leaping , ducks upright at first & high ; vultures and those of heavy bodies , flying from some high place , and being ruled by the taile ; some looking about , others bending the neck many making a noise when they fly , others being silent , some flying straightish , others pronely , obliquely , sidewise ; and others resupinate ; those that have long legs fly holding them backwards ; if short , they hold them contracted : those that have crooked clawes usually fly high , except the nocturnall . The voice is most frequent in those that are small , and chiefely when about generation , some make a noise in fighting , as quailes ; others before it , sc. partridges , and cocks , after it ; and amongst some , the cocks have one note and the hen another . some sing all the yeare , others at certain times : the noise in ringdoves is the same in all , the bird taurus imitates the lowing of cattle , and anthus the neighing of horses . The life , is various amongst them , the male sparrow not living much above one yeare , pigeons and turtles eight , & quailes & crowes many . Their disease , is known by their feathers , and they are subject unto many . Their divination is known , cranes foretelling faire weather by their silence , and tempests by their noise ; so herons , crying at break of day , faire weather is expected when the owle hooteth at night , the crow and quaile making a noise in the evening portend foule weather , and swallowes flying up and down about waters . Their use , is for meat , medicine , and sport &c. and their flesh is light , wholesome , and well digested . Their difference , is according to their parts , so some have straight bills , some crooked ; some long legs , others short ; some have toes , others whole feet , others without : some are cristate or horned , others not : some have long necks , as cranes , others short : their wings usually are proportionable , except in the dodo which is covered with doune , and for the most part all have tailes : they are great or little , terrestriall , marine , lakish , fennish , domestick , wild , feelden , or solitarie ; their colours are diverse , so their meat , and frequency of generation . The voice in nightingals is called singing , croking in crowes , calling in partridges , gagleing in geese , groaning in pigeons and turtles , crowing in cocks , chackling and clucking in henns , crunkling in cranes , quacking in ducks , cherping in sparrows , chattering in pies , and hooting in owles , &c.

3. Amongst Fishes , The Cartilagineous , are plaine or long : the lesser of them are above a cubit in length , and their spine is cartilagineous , their gills are detect , their finnes are double , and five on each side , they have egges all like birds ; their place is various . The heart is pentagonous , and gall placed in the liver in the galeus . The womb hath sinus's , and those placed under the septum of the midriffe , as birds . Some have their mouth upwards , or in the extreame , and cannot take the prey , without resupination . They live in the deep sea , and when they bring forth , they goe to the foords & shores . Their meat is fishes . Some of them generate aversly ; the plaine that have tailes , copulate being supine upon the backs of the females , and they have egges in the superiour part : and hate the forkfish . The Raie hath a long and rough taile , the eye is covered with a nebula : the genital is like that of the sea-calse . Their place is in dirty places not farre from the shore . They generate by the conjunction of their supine parts , and beget egges , and bring forth animals . The Psettaceous , or plain and spinose , have a spine that seemeth to be divided in the midd'st . Their finns are foure , two in the prone part , two in the supine , & circumvallate round . Their gills are foure , on each side . The tongue is wanting . The eyes are in the supine part of their heads . Their jawes are rugous and rough , and serve instead of teeth . Their Throat is somewhat like a craw , and contiguous to the ventricle . Their mouth is little in respect of their bodies . The heart is gibbous in one part thereof . The liver is broad , and embraceth the ventricle . The gall is in the extreme part thereof . The spleen is black ; situated under the ventricle , which is broad . Their place is the sea , and muddie rivers . Their meate is of crustats and shell-fishes . They breed once in a year : & they swim transeversly . They take their prey , by hiding themselves in the mudde and putting out their virgulae , and so alluring the small fishes , comming to them as weeds . The Cetaceous , have lungs , arterie and neck , and other members common with the terrene quadrupedes . Their skin is extraordinary thick . Their lungs serve to coole their great heat : therefore they want gills ; but have fistules . Their mouth is downwards , that the fishes might escape , when they are resupinated . The teeth are wanting in some , others are toothed , having them broad forewards , and sharp backwards . The teats in the female yeeld much milk . Their fat increaseth much , they eating fishes , and moving slowly . The internall parts , under the peritonaeum , which are made for nutrition and generation , are more like those of terrestriall quadrupeds , than of fishes : for the epiploon is lesse fat in them , the ventricle is great . The pancreas is joyned to the fundus thereof , and it passeth to the intestines , which have many windings . The mesentery is joyned to the vertebra's , having black glandules , veines and arteries interwoven . The reines are situated betwixt the liver and testicles . The urine is percolated through the ureters into the bladder , which is like that of terrestriall animals , and in the inferiour part of the belly , and it is retained by the sphincter . To the urachus the umbilicall arteries are joyned . The testicles are on each side , longish , having preparant vessels , sc. many ramuli of veines and arteries arising from the great veine , which after many turnings are inserted into the epididymis . The genital is in the urinary passage , consisting of a hollow nerve , the end of which hangeth out , terminating in a slender glans ; and within it's replicate , and hath its veines , nerves and arteries . The thorax consisteth of true and small ribbs , a sternon , vertebra's and muscles . The lungs fill the capacity of the same , and are of a thicker substance than in terrestriall animals , in thicknesse and colour resembling the liver of quadrupedes , and are divided into two parts . The heart is on each side embraced thereby , being included in the pericard , and placed in the middle of the thorax , like that of the hog : also they have the rough arterie , oesophagus , muscles , &c. as in the terrestriall animals , the clavicle excepted . The head is articulated with the vertebrae . The brain is divided forewards and backwards , thence conjugations of nerves arise , the choroid plexus , rete mirabile , and two meninges . The womb in the females hath a neck of one hand in length , and then it 's divided into two rami , as in terrene quadrupedes , their testicles are placed at the hornes of the womb , and the pudend is betwixt the navill , and anus . Their magnitude is various . Their place is the sea onely , yet not in all , and in the deep ; they are seen chiefely about the solstices , and are at other times in the bottome of the water . Their meat is fish , and chiefely herrings , which sometimes they so greedily follow , that they cast themselves upon the shore . They generate within themselues , and bring forth young , which when young follow the damme . Their motion is slow , by reason of their largenesse . Their sight and hearing is dull : some say they use a little fish for their guide , they love the smell of pitch , insomuch that they rub themselves against the sides of ships : & they are driven away by noise . The Mollusca , or soft , having neither a rough or testaceous skinne , nor scales : they have a middle nature betwixt flesh and nerves . Their head is betwixt the feet and belly , in the mouth are two teeth , instead of a tongue they have a certain carnose substance in the mouth , by which they taste . Their eyes are two , and large . Their feet are in the forepart , about the head , bending about the eyes : some have acetabula , and two long trunks , which they use as anchors in stormes . They have a fistule above the head before the alveus which they move about , they have a little finne compassing in their alveus , by which they swimme and direct themselves therein . To the head is joyned a venter of large capacity , the flesh of which is orbicularly fissile . They have capillamenta in the side , serving in stead of gills . The throat is narrow , after which is a receptacle , to which the belly is joyned ; the intestine is slender , which tendeth towards the upper parts . The bladder is wanting . They have a black humour serving in stead of blood . Their place is in salt waters . Their meat is flesh . Their womb is bifid , and they have two testicles neere the genitall . The male hath the prone parts of the body more black than the supine , and all parts more rough than the female , various by intervening lines , and the taile sharper . They copulate long , and the females have egges , at first undivided , afterwards seperated , and then increase , after they have received a vitall strength from the sperme of the male shed thereon , and that after the manner of wormes . The Crustates are in a mean betwixt the testaceous and soft . They want bones . They have a head , capacity , throat , and belly , common with other animals without blood . The belly is little in respect of their bulk , and the intestine single , to the passage of excrements . They have two foreteeth in the mouth , and three in the ventricle , one on each side , and the third below : betwixt those in the mouth , is a carnose part , serving in stead of a tongue . above the mouth are the eyes , which are hard in all , fit to move inwards , outwards , obliquely , and swiftly , therefore they want eyeleds . Their head is little , with hornes and appendices , with which they fight , and feele their way . Their feet are eight , and move obliquely . They have two clawes , which they use instead of hands , of which the right is biggest and strongest usually . Their flesh is reddish like blood , and in the belly is a kind of palish humour . Their place is about the mouthes of rivers , stony and dirty places . Their meat is little stones , reites , mud , and excrements , and flesh also . Their coiture , is as theirs that pisse aversely , in the spring time , and long , being without blood , and cold : the female bringeth forth a reddish egge , compassed in with a very thin membrane , sticking to the belly and sides , which afterwards increaseth : the male is biggest and thickest , and the first foot is single , and taile narrower . Their age is long , yet none of them breath , but they are refrigerated by casting out water with their fistula . Their sight is dull , but smell and taste well , they sleep like other aquatiles , they are without voice , goe obliquely , and swim onely with the taile . they lie hid in the winter , and are fat in spring and autumne . they fight with the hornes , and cast their shels after breeding . The Squillae have a taile , but no forceps . The body is blackish in spring , but whitish after . Their hornes are sharp and in the top of the head . The intestine is terminated in the taile , as in crevisses , by which they evacuate excrements , and bring forth eggs : they live in marine , fennish or stony places : their meat is oisters , & reites . The male is known by two white particles in the flesh of the breast , and the female hath egges annexed to the belly : they copulate like quadrupedes that pisse backwards , in the spring time , neere the earth . They are enemies to the pike , whom they wound by their hornes . The round crustates , sc. the Cancri , have moveable eyes , an indiscrete head , without a brain , yet having a part serving in stead thereof . The taile is turning : they look obliquely , and go so , having ten feet with clawes , the right of which is biggest , and in the foremost , the superiour part is moveable and the inferiour not . they have two teeth inwards , betwixt which , is a caruncle like a tongue : to the mouth , the stomach is joyned which is little . They live in rockey places , open in the winter , and hidden in the summer . Their meat is shell-fishes , they draw the water into the mouth and so passe it out again . They copulate in the forepart , by joyning their opercula , in which also they bring forth eggs : also the female hath the first foot double , and the male single ; these only amongst crustates swimme not , but goe , and that sidewise . They are very crafty , and in danger hide them selves in the mud , or amongst stones : they fight like rams with their hornes : they feed on shelfishes by casting in a stone , when they open themselves ; they lie hid five months , and in the beginning of spring cast their shell , like serpents , under which is a soft shell , so that they can hardly move . The Testaceous are without blood , their shell within is smooth . Their flesh increaseth in the increase of the moon , which is contained by the shell which is terrene , and preserveth their little heat , and they cast it not . They have teeth , and somewhat proportionable to a tongue . Their head is downwards . The stomach is joyned presently to the mouth , and is little ; after which is the belly , in which also there is a papaver , from which passeth a single intestine . They are nourished like plants , by pores , and that by a sweet humour . Their motion is adverse . They differ in the hardnesse of the shels , the holothuria , pulmones , and echini having softer , than the purple and buccina ; some are covered on every side , as oisters , cocks , and tellinae ; others have but one valve , the other side sticking to rocks ; the chamae , and solenes , are uncovered in the extremes , so that they put forth the head , and hinder parts : of those that are covered on every side , some are turbinate , as the purple , and buccinum ; others not , as the conchae ; some have one shell as the lepas ; others two , as mussels ; of the shels , some are smooth , as of the ungues , and mussels , others rough , as of the purple , buccina , and oisters . their place is the sea , and they lie hid in great heate and cold . Their generation is spontaneous , of spumous faeces . Their sense is denied by some , though others grant it , and they have an antipathie against thunder . The Turbinate have a torcular shell , out of the middest whereof commeth the head with two hornes : some of them have small teeth ; some have a proboscis like flies , and it 's hard in the purple and buccina . neere to the mouth is a venter , like the craw of birds , after which is the gula , to which the intestine is joyned , which is single , and reciprocating towards the head , about which the excrement is evacuated in all turbinates terrene or marine . they grow like wormes their motion is as in the former . The turbines , are great , eared , tuberous , angulous , muricate , or pentedactyls , and they are orbicularly turned , &c.

4. Amongst Serpents . The head is light in some , heavy in others , broad , narrow , white , black , yellow , or spotted , and some turn them so quick , that they seem to have two heads . Their cares are not protuberant , but hollow . Their eyes are hardish . Their upper eye-lid moveth not , but they wink with the lower . The neck is wanting . Their slough is in stead of a skin . The taile is various . As for their inward parts , their head is covered with one bone . The teeth are serrate & sharp , and two are long in the upper part , perforate , by which they ejaculate their poyson . The tongue is thin , long , black , bifid in the end , and sharp , under it is a cuticle , which like a vesicle covereth the teeth , in which is poyson , which is shed forth by the holes of the teeth in biting . The heart is little , long , and represents the figure of the reines , and is very hot . The arterie is very long , and seemeth to be under the tongue , and after it 's carried to the lungs , by which they differ from fishes ; their lungs are single , fibrous , divided by pipes , very long and fungous . The epiglottis is wanting , but they contract and dilate the passage at their pleasure . The ventricle is as it were a great intestine , like that of a dogge , sc. angust , and of a long figure . The intestine is small and long , reaching to the vent . The liver is long and single . The spleen is little , and round . The gall in all , except the water-snake , sticketh to the intestines , and is full of a certaine black and liquid exerement . The bladder and reines are wanting : as also the genitall , they not having leggs , and testicles , the body being long ; but they have two meatus , like fishes , arising from the septum , passing on both sides the spine , which in the time of congresse yeeld a white sperme . They want duggs , not having milke . The womb is bifid and long , in which eggs are begotten , and passe thence in a certaine continuous series . Their bones are like those of fishes . Their vertebra's are cartilagineous & flexile , & there are as many ribbs in snakes as daies in a month ; also in respect of the heart , lungs , and rough arterie , serpents are like birds ; and in the liver , intestines , and abdomen , like fishes ; but differ from both , in respect of the gall and disposition of the eggs . Their place is Ophiusa , Melitaea , Thessalia , Apulia . Arabia , Numidia , Aethiopia , Africa , and the Indies . Their meat is earth , and oniscs , and they live long without meate , & when they devoure any great baite , they contract themselves ; when they swallow birds , they vomit up the bones and feathers : they delight in wine , milk , water and yolks of egges , which they get , by twisting themselves about them : as for their temper , some are cold , and others hot . They are generated of the putrifaction of the earth , of the blood of certain birds , and of the marrow of mans back : they generate by conjunction , so , that they seem but one serpent having two heads , they lay eggs and hatch them , hanging together like a bracelet ; but some of them bring forth animals . Their voice is hissing . Their motion is creeping , and their ribs serve them as leggs . Their enmity is against men , eagles , peacocks , storks , hawks , vulture , swallowes , cocks and henns , elephants , leopards , stags , swine , rats , tortise ; ichneumon , chameleon , crabs , & spiders ; the ash , oake , betony , garlick , rue , wormwood , mugwort , southernwood , herb frankincense , nep , elecampane , and fire . They love one an other , eels , foxes , cats , ivy , fennel , and savin . As for their nature and manners , they have their poyson in the taile , which they bring to a little bladder neere the mouth ; which , after the former is evacuated , is againe filled with more , in the space of a naturall day . in the foure coldest moneths they lie hidde , and eate nothing , and their poyson then is so weake , that they may then be handled without danger : at the rising of the dogge starre they are so furious that they cannot rest . in the spring when they come out of their holes , they cast their slough , beginning at the head . they live long , eating but little . they sleep with their eyes open : in danger they chiefely defend their heads ; exposing their bodies to wounds , which are soone healed againe . if they are struck , they strive as much as possible to wound their enemies . their poyson is under their tongue , and there are as many kinds thereof , as species of serpents : of these , the males , old , great , and fasting are most pernicious , and all in summer , more than in winter . As for their differences , the female is lesse than the male , and some grow to be above an hundred foot long . As for their colour , some are spotted , some streaked , some of the colour of brasse , gold , silver , red , and green ; as to their place , some are aquatick , others terrestriall , some live in mountaines , others in plaines , some amongst oakes , others about beeches , and hasels : in respect of smell , some are sweet , like musk . in Hispaniola some are harmlesse , Some have great eyes , some little ; and others , of a bloody colour . some have narrow mouthes , others very large , some have combs , others have hornes , or wings , and are monstrous .

5. Amongst Insects , the hornes are in some , others are without them . The eyes are open in all , and hard , and moveable , The eyelids are wanting , and cheeks also . The tongue in some is soft and weake , but hard and strong in all such as have no sting in the taile . The teeth are wanting in such as use moist meat . The covering is of a middle nature , betwixt skin and crust , and dry , and they seeme to have no nerves , bones , spine , cartilages , fat , or flesh , but have parts of a middle nature betwixt all these . The wings are in some , others are without them . The taile is onely in the scorpion . The case is usually cast by such as have wing cases . The legges are moved obliquely in those that have them : and in some , the foremost longest are bended forewards ; but those that leap , or have the hindmost feete longest , are bended backward , and nature hath given some longest feet forewards , that thereby , wanting good sight , they might remove what might trouble them : also those have most , which by reason of the length of their bodi●s are most cold ; and the wild fewer , in some their want of feet is recompensed by the help of wings . Their generation is partly spontaneous , partly by coiture . ●gnats and little worms doe neither copulate , nor are bred of animals . few of the males in coiture insert into the female ; but the females have a long genital , by which they attract the generative spirit from the male . those that generate without coiture , engender wormes , and those that are spontaneous . the coiture of the rest is long , and they part slowly . whether they emit sperm or not is uncertain , their generation is perfected for the most part in three or foure septenaries , as in oviperous creatures , seven daies after coiture there is a concretion and consummation of the egges , in the other three septenaries they cherish and hatch them , sc. those which procreate with their foetus , as spiders . Their motion , is creeping , walking , & flying , &c. they all move with more kinds of motion than the sanguine animalls . Their breathing is not acknowledged by diverse , who acknowledg only perfrigeration ; but they want lungs , and not refrigeration , they being of a cold temper . the noise that bees and flies make , is occasioned by the agitation of the interiour spirits . those that seem to sing , make a noise by the membrane under the septum transversum , against which the included spirit is moved . Many of them are exanimated under the water , and recovered in ashes , not because they cannot inspire ; but by reason that , that interiour spirit was suffocated by the humour , which being discussed by the heat , it 's againe restored to it selfe . Their smelling is performed by their native spirit . Their sound is by the attrition of the interiour p●llicle , locusts make a noise by rubbing themselves with their gubernacula ; that of the bee is humming , but it 's shrill in the grassehopper . The life is more tenacious in them , than in the sanguineous , chiefely in those that have long bodies and many feet , as in the palmer-worme , by reason of the multiplicating part of their originall , yet they are easily killed by pouring oile on them , its viscosity stopping the narrow passages , and so intercepting the spirits . They differ according to place , the fier-flie living in the fire , rough-wormes in the snow , scolopenders in the sea waters , water-beetles and leeches in sweet waters , wormes in the earth , wood-worms in the roots of trees , the cerastes in the sig-tree , red and hairy wormes in the service-tree , the butyri in vines , and ipes , and the vinefretter in the leaves thereof , maggots in the cypresse , caterpillers on leaves , pras●curid●s in leekes , crambides in cabbages , punies in mallowes , weevills in wheat , the mida in beans , nits and lice in beasts , tikes in sheep , brees in cowes , or horse-flies , the scolichia in the mullet , others in the carp , perch , gudgin , and dace ; the clerus in bee-hives , & moths in garments . The colour in some is the same , in others various . As for quantity and figure ; some are little , others great , round , ovale , angulous , smooth , or rough , &c. some are winged , others not ; others change their forme , as catterpillers , which turne into butter-flies . Some have wing-cases , as beetles , and cantharides &c. others have their wings alwaies open , as flyes , bees , &c. Some have two wings ; others foure , sc. those that have stings in their bellies ; if in their mouthes , two , The wings pulled off , grow again in none of them , and those that have crusts over their wings are without stings . Some have wings not divided , as bees , and wasps , and in butterflies they are mealy : as for the leggs , wormes are without them , others have many , and most have not fewer than six . The tongue in some is soft and weake , in others hard and strong , as oxe-flies , and it is in all that have not a sting in the belly . very many have teeth ; but not those that live on moist things , some have a sting in their mouth , & is instead of a tongue & lips ; others in the belly ; also they are terrestriall or aquatick , with or without feet , &c. Also amongst the aforesaid living creatures , some are Solar , sc. those that are generous , and lively , as the bull , goat , horse , lion , and ramme . Amongst Birds ; the eagle , cock , crow , swan , and vulture . Of Insects ; the pilularie beetle and spanish flies : the contrary , are such as are Lunar , Saturnine , and Martiall , &c. The Lunar , are the Cat , beaver , dog , goat , hart , otter , and menstruall blood . Of Birds ; the Duck , goose , heron , and merguli , &c. Of Fishes ; the carp , crab , gilt-head , frog , cister , pearch , and cockle . Of Insects , Spiders , &c : the contrary are such as are Solar and Martiall . The Saturnine , are the solitary , nocturnall and sad : as the Asse , camel , cat , ape , hare , mule , mouse , mole , bear , toad , and wolfe . Of Birds , the Bat , crow , crane , houpe , ostrich , owle , and peacock , and Serpents . Of Insects , Flies , scorpions , pismires , and wormes : the contrary , are all but the Martial . The Joviall , are the Hart , bull , elephant , lamb , and sheep . Of Birds , the Hen , eagle , partridg , pheasant , pigeon , storke , and swallow : the contrary are the Martiall . The Martiall , are those that are quarrelsome , impetuous , powerfull , bilious , & rapacious ; as the Dog , goat , kid , fox , mule , purdal , & woolfe . Of Birds , the Crow , chough , eagle , hawke , faulcon , kite , owle , and vulture . Of Fishes , the Dogge-fish , jack , pearch , and fork fish : the contrary are all , except the Venereall . The Venereall , are the delitious , lascivious , mild , kinde , pleasant , and tame ; as the Calfe , cony , dog , goat , and scinck . Of Birds , the Crow , cock , eagle , pigeon , peacock , partridg , pye , swallow , swan , turtle , and wagtaile : the contrary are the Saturnine . The Mercuriall , are those that are ingenious , crafty , sagacious , fauning , and loquacious ; as the Dogge , ape , hare , hart , mule , fox , and weasell . Of Birds , the Bat , colemouse , blackbird , gold-finch , larke , parret , pie , nightingale , swallow , and thrush . Of Insects , the Beetle , bee , kind , locust , and pismire : the contrary , are the Martiall and Saturnine . Of the influence of which Plants , See my Isagoge Phytologica , &c.

Thus of the more generall differences of Animals , in respect of parts , quantity , quality , place , meate , generation , motion , voice , life , sense , and actions , &c.

Now follow their differences , as used in Meat , & Medicine , & they are as followeth . 1. Of Quadrupeds , or fourfooted beasts , those most used in diet are the tame , sc. the calfe , oxe , cow , bull , lamb , weather , ram , ewe , kid , goat , pig , sow , boar , and hog : amongst the wild ; the wild boare and sow , red and fallow deere , roebuck and capreol , hare , conie , and squirrels , &c. of which , see more in their proper places . Of these , the Substance of some is thin and light , fit for fine complexions , idle and tender persons , and such as recover out of some great sicknesse , as rabbets , &c. others are more grosse , tough and hard , agreeing chiefely with country persons and such as labour , and secondarily with those that are strong using much exercise , and accustomed to feed thereon , as the bull , and hog , &c. others are of a middle substance , and generally the best , and most proper aliment , ingendering mean blood , agreeing almost with all ages , times , and complexions , neither binding the body or loosening it , neither strengthning nor weakening the stomach , neither procuring nor hindering urin or sweat , causing no alteration in the first qualities , neither over-nourishing or extenuating the body , but preserving it in such state as before , and restoring little more than is daily decayed ; as the heifer , calfe , sheep , lamb , kid , pig , and coney . As for the Temperature , some are hot ; as the lamb , hog , pig , in the first degree ; in the second , the hare , and roe-buck : others are cold as the cow , steere , coney , rabbet , & young hedg-hogs , in the first degree ; some are moist , us the wild boare , &c. in the first degree , in the second , the hedgbuck , &c. in the third , young hogs , and pigs : others are dry ; as the oxe , deere , hare , and coney , in the second degree . In respect of Taste , some are sweet ; which agree well with nature , being of a temperate heate , and so fittest for nourishment , they delight the stomach , and liver , fatten the body , increase naturall heate , fill the veines , digest easily , soften that which is two hard , and thicken what is too liquid ; but if over sweet and gluttish , they soone turne into choller , stop the liver , puffe up the lungs , and spleen , swell the stomach , and often cause sharp feavers : the bitter , if exceeding , doe not much nourish , except first boiled or infused in many waters , they otherwise engendring cholerick humours , and burning bloud , they kill worms , open obstructions , cleanse the body , but nourish little or not at all , and that which is , is derived only to some speciall parts : those made sharp , dry the body exceedingly , hurt the eyes and liver , &c. drawing down humours , sending up vapours , inflaming the blood , fretting the guts , and extinuating the whole body ; therefore they are to be tasted or fed upon , their sharpnesse being allay'd with washing , infusion , oiling , and intermixture of sweet things : those made soure , though they naturally offend sinewey parts weaken concoction , coole naturall heat , make loane , and hasten old age ; yet they are profitable in cutting phlegme , opening obstructions , clensing impurities , bridling choller , resisting putrifaction , extinguishing superfluous heat , staying loathsomenesse of stomach , and procuring appetite ; but if made soure without sharpnesse , they strengthen the stomach , bind and corr●borate the liver , stay fluxes , heale ulcers , and give indifferent nourishment to them that eat them : if made salt , as such , they nourish little or nothing ; but rather accidentally , in procuring appetite , strengthening the stomach , & giving it a touch of much heate ; for if very salt , they engender choller , dry up naturall moisture , inflame blood , stop the veines , gather together viscous and crude humours , harden the stone , cause sharpnesse of urin , and leannesse , sc. the accidentall salt , not the naturall , and inbred : the fat , if excessive , glut the stomach , decay appetite , cause belchings , loathing , vomitings , and scowrings , choake the pores , digest hardly , and nourish little ; so if two dry and leane , on the contrary , it 's worse , and nourisheth lesse , but the mean is best : the insipid , are of weak nourishment , yet extraordinarily they nourish some , nourishment being according to the relish usually , and the unsavoury nourish lesse and not speedily : also what hath here been said of substance , and taste , agreeth also to birds , fishes , and other edibles . As for the age , the flesh of those that are young , especially if newly brought forth , is slimy , soft , moist , and excrementitious , especially when they are most moist by nature ; yet it is sooner concocted , and makes the belly soluble : the flesh of those that are old , is hard , dry , nervous , hard of digestion , and of little and bad nourishment : wainelings , are lesse hard and dry than the one ; and more firme , temperate , and nourishing than the other ; but generally they are best for most complexions , when they are almost come to their full growth , both in height , length , and bignesse , their temper being then best , and so most agreeable to our naturall moisture , being in a mean : the same may be said of birds , as of beasts . In respect of sex , the flesh of the males , is more strong , dry , and heavy of digestion ; the females sweeter , moister , and of more easy concoction ; but the males are to be preferred , being hotter , dryer , more laborious , and lesse excrementitious , when gelt , as appeares , in oxen and weathers : when gelt they are more tender , sweet , and of an easier digestion , as appeares in barrow hoggs ; they then being of a middle nature . As for their feeding , those that feed in moist and moorish places , have moist flesh , and full of superfluities ; but those that feed on dry places and mountaines , are without excrements , more easy of digestion , and fit to nourish : those that feed in good pastures , are sweeter and more nourishing ; so those that feed upon sweet herbs ; also the flesh of wild beasts is lesse excrementitious and dryer , than that of the tame ; so likewise of birds . And as to the preparation , beasts after they have been fatted with goood food , as often as they desire it , in a clean and spatious place , and chased , then killed in their season ; they either keep relinquish or alter their property by preparation ; here therefore it 's to be noted , that flashy meate and naturally moist , should be dressed with a dry heate , ( as in baking , broiling , frying , and rosting , ) and meats naturally exceeding in arynesse and firmnesse should ever be boiled ; and the temperate may be used any way : if crude , it 's eaten only by the barbarians : if rosted , it yeeldeth a dry aliment , and often retaineth the excrements : if adust , it 's worse : if fryed with externall humidity , it 's sweet , by reason of its fat humidity , but by reason it doth not conveniently emit its internall superfluity , but rather imbibeth more of the redundant externall , it 's hardly concocted , nidorulent , and torrifieth the bloud : if seasoned with salt , and spices , it is yet dryer : if boiled it's dryer within , yet by reason of exteriour humidity , it moist●neth and descendeth sooner ; but rosted meat hath more of it 's own proper and naturall moisture , that of the boiled passing into the broth , and therefore it nourisheth lesse except eaten with the broth ; yet boiled flesh is best for such as are yet growing , and so of a hot temper , as also for such as are sick of hot and dry diseases , and that in hot and dry countries , and seasons of the yeare ; but rosted meats are best for those who are of a cold and moist temper , who are loose , and subject to cold and moist diseases : if stewed , being equaly prepared , it generateth good , temperate , and permeable juyce : if seasoned , it 's according to the cookery . Note also that flesh engendreth better , purer , and more perfect bloud , than fish , & for sound men is the best sustenance . As for the Parts of beasts . The musculous flesh is more hot by vivifick heate , than in birds , & therefore they grow larger : the head , is edible , sc. of the cow , calfe , sow , boar , kid , & hare , &c. but of hard concoction , thick and viscous juyce , yet of much nourishment : the tongue is loose , fungous , humid , and glutinous , therefore it yeeldeth not a solid , thick , or lasting aliment ; yet in some it is most sweet , soft , of good juyce , easy concoction , and good aliment ; but the part exerted is harder ; the tongues of calves , kids , lambs , hogs , and sheep , are of easy digestion , and breed laudable juyce , neats tongue is thicker , but more fit for nourishment and not dryed : the eares , are cartilagineous , & nourish little , except eaten with the vieine parts : the eyes , of those that are young , seperated from their skinne , fat , bals , and humours , are of a tender and musculous flesh , which is very easy of digestion , especially the calves : the cheeks , if of young , sat , and carnose beasts , are of good juyce , and those of calves most tender : the brain , is pituitous , of thick juyce , hardly distributed , and concocted , causing nauseousnesse and vomiting , and helps against poyson by its viscidity ; those of calves , lambs , kids , and pigs , are to be eaten at the beginning of meales , the pigs are to be dressed at the fire being the moistest : the pallate , which is commended in the cow , hath a certaine membranous flesh , and is often used in pies : the snowt , in hogs , is worse than the feet , but better than the head . The heart , is hard of concoction , and that of the hog causeth sadnesse , it nourisheth little ; but if well concocted , the nourishment is not weak or bad . The lungs , are of a cold and moist temperament , pituitous juyce , & of easy concoction and distribution , by reason of their rarity and levity , some say they cause inflation of the belly , they are of a froathy substance , & they are good for young men sick of hot agues ; but bad for strong and labouring men , so light a meat not sufficiently nourishing them , but putrifying in the stomach ; those of foxes are not wholsome , but rather medicine for sore lungs ; they are softer than the heart , liver , kidnies , and spleenes ; but not inferiour to the liver , as to nourishment . The liver , of all animals , is of thick juyce , hardly concocted , & slowly penetrating ; that of hogs is preferred , that of lambs and kids doth more easily passe along , and is of lesse thick juyce ; that of goats is said to cause epileptick convulsions , no lesse than the hee goats ; but the hogs with the fat , is commended ; usually they cause obstructions . The spleen , drawing thick lutulent and melancholick blood , yeeldeth also a like nourishment ; those that are reddish , as the hoggs ; being tinged with a lesse evill blood , are not of so bad juyce ; others are hardly concocted and distributed , & of an unpleasant taste . The reines , are of ill juyce , an ungratefull sapour , & hard concoction ; those of kids and calves , being neither hard or virous , are commended ; others are of thick juyce , betwixt flesh and kernels , allwaies having a smack of that which passeth through them , and being two strong for most stomachs , after sucking . The testicles , being virous , especially after coiture , are hard , and not easily concocted , but those of hogs are preferred , and those of lambs are not discommended ; those of boares help decayed bodies , and cause lust , so those of bucks , and staggs . The womb , is of cold and crude juyce , therefore hardly concocted and of little juyce . The ventricle , what nourishment it yeeldeth , may easily be conjectured from its constitution , it is filmy , and therefore cold , hard , dry , and glutinous ; it is of hard digestion , generates phlegme , begets obstructions , and is the cause of many diseases ; soft and sedentary men must abstaine from it , it being fit only for porters , ploughmen , and mariners . The guts , are of the same nature ; but those of lambs , and kids , are of an easier substance and concoction ; the other are farre harder than flesh , hardly concocted , of little nourishment , & unwholsome , causing itches , and leprosies , &c. The mesentery , if of a young calfe and fat , is good with a little vineger . The udders , of milch beasts , as kine , ewes , do●s , and shee-goats , are of laudable taste , and better than tripes , being of a more fleshy nature ; the lean must be sod tender in fat broth , the fat may be sod alone ; but each of them needs first a little corning with salt , being naturally of a phlegmatick and moist substance . The feet , and other extreme parts , of fourefooted beasts , consisting ef membrans , ligaments , nerves , veines , arteries , and gristles , are cold , and dry , clammy , viscous , of little nourishment , and hard digestion , except of young and sucking animals , as of hogs , pigs , lambs , and calves ; also a tender cow heele is counted restorative , and pigs pettitoes boild in barley water for the aguish ; the sodden feet of geese also were counted restorative . The kernels , are sweet , tender , and short , yeelding a thick nourishment ; and if the beast be sound , very good ; and being well concocted in the stomach , they nourish as much as musculous flesh ; not well digested , they breed flegmatick and raw juyce , sc. those of the breast ; of the other , those that are soft generate phlegmatick blood , & the hard , that which is raw ; the sweet breads of beasts , are best first rosted , then boiled , their superfluous moisture being so consumed . The fat , hinders appetite , gluts the stomach , hardly digesteth , turneth wholy to excrements , & decayeth the retentive powers , especially that of greater beasts ; it relaxeth the stomach , causeth nauseousnesse , turnes into choller in hot bodies , and is rather sawce for our meat than nourishment . The marrow , is the sweet of fat , as it were , secretly convey'd , into bones ; sweet , unctuous , and pleasant of taste , nourishing such whose bodies are dry , and stomachs able to digest it : it may be sod usually with capons , cockrels , and henns , in a nourishing white broth ; or pies may be made thereof ; but it soone causeth surfeits : of all ; that of the deere is counted by some to be easiest of digestion , next that of a young mutton , and that of beefe the heauiest , that of a goat is offensive , and that of lambs or calves not good , being crude , bloody , and imperfect for want of age : the chine or pithmarrow , is much harder and dryer , than the brain it selfe , especially towards the further end of the back ; which drynesse makes it lesse loathsome to the stomach , than brains are ; and it strengthneth that body , which is able to concoct it : some make candles therewith and yolks of new laid eggs , to restore nature , and recover the weaknesse of the loines caused by venery . The tripes , are farre harder in substance , than their flesh , long in concocting , nourishing little , and excrementitious , ingendring filthy diseases . The skinne of beasts , even of rosted pigge is so farre from nourishing , that it can hardly be well digested of a strong stomach . This is the Vse of the severall parts of Quadrupedes : there are diverse other things taken and made from them . As milk , which is the abundant part of blood , whited in the breasts of such creatures , as are ordained by nature to give suck ; serving for the young , sick , or old ; which , if crude , it 's to be taken fresh , that it may not provoke flatulency , and it is not good presently after bringing forth , it may be corrected with a little salt or sugar ; if boiled it's lesse flatulent , but thicker , the serum being boyled away , and so is apt to obstruct the veines ; if caseous , it nourisheth much , but is lesse wholsome ; if butyrous , it 's somewhat more viscous , more difficultly distributed , and causeth inflations ; if serous , it nourisheth least , but presently passeth through the belly ; if of lean beasts , it nourisheth little ; if of fat , it causeth danger of a convulsion ; if of black , it 's better than that of white beasts ; if milked after delivery , that which is most liquid and thin , is after more thickned ; the best is that which is tepid , of equall substance , not quickly running off the naile if put thereon , light , not viscous , but sweet , without smell , white , somewhat shining , and taken from a sound beast of good feeding , that hath good dugs . The most usuall are the womans , which is the best ; the cowes is thicker , fatter , more nutritive , obstructive and hardly concocted ; the sheeps , is worse and obstructeth more ; the goats , is a little hotter , than the former , of a thinner substance , more nourishment , and sooner passeth away ; the mares is very thin , hot , and detersive ; the asses , is colder than the rest , thinner ; and more serous , lesse nutritive and obstructing , and cleanseth without acrimony and mord●eity , of all which , see more in their proper places : here note , that the milk of any beast chewing the cud , is bad for rheumes , coughs , feavers , headach , obstructions , inflammations , sore eyes , shaking sinewes , young men , cramps , convulsions , the stone , & teeth , & the camels is the best of those , that chew not the cudde , being sweetest and thinnest ; also all is thinnest in the spring , and thickest in the summer ; and that of horned beasts is not to be eaten uns●dden , it so , not curdling or easily engendring wind ; but that of women , asses , or mares , will never curdle into any hard substance , raw ; the other is to be seasoned with salt , sugar , or hony , abstaining from wine , or foure things after it , eating it upon an empty stomach , and fasting an houre after it , abstaining from exercise , and sleep , after that of beasts chewing the cud , and cleansing the teeth after it it 's best for children , and old men , in the marasinus , atrophie , and phthisick , and the camels for the first , the womans for the second , and asses for the third , being of a middle age , kept cleane , fed with grinded malt and a little fennel seed , then drink the milk morning and evening with sugar of roses , also shee is to be kept in fine leaze , or with good hay in winter , and red cowes milk may be the substitute , so fed : also milk is in active qualities , temperate , inclining to cold , in the passive moist by the fat and watry substance , thickning by the cheesy , abstersive by the serous , and asswaging by the butyrous quality , and the best is soon turned into blood , and fattens the healthfull and clean , but is soon soured in cold stomacks , adust in the chollerick , and swels the stomach and guts . The whey , as to its aqueous substance and phlegmatick , doth refrigerate and moisten ; and cleanseth as to that which is sharp , salt , and bilious . The butter , helpeth the breast and lungs , bringeth forth spittle , helpeth hot and dry coughs ; if taken much , it looseneth the belly , and hath a faculty of digesting , discussing , concocting , and gently evacuating ; but if old , it groweth acrimonious : also butter is hot and moist 1° , and almost of the same nature , as oile of ripe olivers ; but it 's more moist than hot ; the stale is hotter and thinner ; and the new , almost temperate in the active qualities , it nourisheth and fattens ; if too much used , it loosens , hurts retention of the stomach , takes away the appetite , and begets a naufeousnesse , and it 's therefore to be avoided by those who are subject to loosenesse , as also by men of hot complexions , who turn it into choller ; it is to be eaten first , it quickly descending into the belly , and making way for other meats ; but if it be eaten last , it loosens the stomach , and hinders the orifice from embracing the meat , and closing up , hastning meat into the belly before it be concocted , it 's rheumatick , and easily converted into oily fumes , hurtfull to the throat and head , and fluxes of blood , humours , or sperme , and it 's rather to be used as sawce and physick , than as meat to feed upon : it 's best at breakfast , tollerable at the beginning of dinner ; but no way good at supper , it hindring sleep , and sending up unpleasant vapours to annoy the brain ; it is also best for children whilest they are growing , and for old men decaying ; but unwholsome betwixt those two ages , hot stomachs turning it into choller , and the weak not concocting it , it floating in the stomach ; the fattest is made of sheeps milk the strongest of goats milk , and the best and most of cowes milk , of which see more afterwards . The creame , which is either the flower of raw milke taken from it without fire , after it hath stood in a cold place ; or the other , from it , when sod , or clouted creame ; the first of which though pleasant , yet weakeneth concoction , hindereth retention , and is of harder digestion than any milk ; the last , used in tarts , fooles and custards , is lesse offensive , and of better nourishment ; but it 's to be eaten first , it being light and unctuous : some count the former , to be like butter , and to agree with it in vertues and qualitie ; the other is of thick juyce , & helps hot defluxions , and watching . The curds , which are fresh , without salt or runnet , or the other , with the one or both , are both utterly unwholsome when of skimmed milke , clamming the stomach , stopping the veines and passages , speedily breeding the stone , and many mischiefes ; but if they be equally mixed with the butterish part , the cheese made thereof is wholsome ; except age , or ill ordering hath done hurt . The cheese if new , sweet and fresh , nourisheth much ; the middle aged nourisheth strongly ; but the old and dry hurteth dangerously , it stopping siege , obstructing the liver , causing the stone , choller , and melancholy , lying long in the stomach undigested , procuring thirst , making a stinking breath , and a scurvy skin ; so that no more thereof is to be eaten , than to close up the mouth of the stomach after meat , though the fresh may be eaten more liberally of : as to the Differences , the good is neither too soft or hard , close or spongy , clammy or crumbling , salt or unsavory , dry or weeping , pleasantly or strongly smelling , easily melting in the mouth , and never burning when tosted at the fire ; Also that of ewes milke is soonest digested , that of cowes more nourishing , and the goats most , when new and soft ; for it soon becomes dry , earthy , and crumbling the best is counted that of Banbury , & Cheshire , & the Holland cheese with salt . Also the old is hot and acrimonious : when new ; cold , moist , more windie , lesse provoking thirst and binding , making fat , helping the stomach , easily distributed , yet hard of digestion , causing the stone , &c. the stinking is worst ; the sharp and salt is hot and dry , and causeth thirst and evil juyce ; the sower is of evil juyce and cold , the sweet and fat is moderately hot , and more nourishing and of better juyce ; and the lean is farre worse , the laxe is better than the close , and the friable bad . As for medicine , the carnose parts , as also the creatures themselves used alive or divided , and hot , applied to any member , have a fomentative vertue , paregorick , and discutient , and so are of great use in the phrensey , headach , and watching ; and they may be applied to the head , neck , and soles of the feet ; applied to pestilent tumours , and stinging of poysonsome animals , after ventoses , they draw out the poyson , defend gallings by the shooes from inflammation ; and more particularly , every part respects its like ; as the liver , the liver ; and spleen , the spleen &c. The hornes , are cold & dry , discusse , incide for the most part , cause sweat , and are alexpharmick , according to the various nature af animals . The bones , dry , discusse , bind , or stop fluxions , & strengthen the bones and ligaments ; those of the heele burnt , help the collick , &c. The gall , heateth , dryeth , incideth , clenseth , stimulats the expulsive faculty , kills wormes , applied it helps dimnesse and spots of the eyes , and purulent eares , and they differ according to the nature of the aliment and animal : amongst those of quadrupeds , the bulls is the chiefest , that of partridges and hens amongst birds ; and generally those of birds are stronger , than of the terrestrials . The blood , heateth , bindeth , stops fluxes of bloud , more or lesse according to the various nature of animals , and nutriment ; that of birds , being for the most part nitrous , doth incide , cleanse , break the stone , and help suffusions of the eyes , as that of the pigeon , kite , and vulture : also bloud is hard of digestion , moist , and excrementitious ; that of geese , swans , hoggs , and sheepe , is used in sawce and puddings , but it 's a grosse and fulsome nourishment , except meeting with a strong and good stomach . The tallow , is hot and moist moderately , or 1° . mollifyeth , discusseth , and somewhat bindeth . The siege , is according to the nature of the aliment and animal , which by the chylifick vertue is altered ; the excrements of birds , ( being of a most hot nature , ) are altogether nitrous , and therefore have a woonderfull strength , to discusse , incide , attenuate , dissolve , open , and cleanse the spots of the skin ; but diversly , according to the diversity of birds and their aliments : those of labouring beasts , are anodyne , refrigerant , discutient , and are used both inwardly and outwardly . The urin , is the colamen of chyle and blood , consisting of salt and a viscous earth , mixed with phlegmatick humidity ; it heats , dryeth , cleanseth , resisteth putrifaction , and expels urin , &c. The rennet , even all , is of a sharp and digestive faculty , and drying .

2. Of Birds , those most familiar unto us , are the tame , as the cock , hen , capon , chicken , turkey , peacock , goose , guiny-hens , duck , and pigeous : Amongst the wild ; feeding chiefely upon the land , are , the bistard , crane , heronshaws , bittors , stork , pheasant , heath-cock , partridg , plover , lapwing , cuckoe , pye , crow , woodcock , railes , redshanks , gluts , woodsnites , godwits , smiring , turtles , stock-doves , rock-doves , ring-doves , jays , wood peckers , stone-chatters , thrushes , mavis , feldefares , black-birds , stares , quailes , and all sorts of little birds , as sparrows , reed-sparrows , larks , bulfinches , goldfinches , thistle-finches , citron-finches , bramblings , linnets , nightingals , buntings , waggetailes , robin-redbreasts , wrens , witwalls , siskens , ox-eyes , creepers , titmise , titlings , swallows , and martlets : Others in or upon the waters , as the swan , bergander , barnicle , wild-geese , wild-duck , teale , widgin , fly-duck , shovelars , cormorant , curlnes , gulls , black-gulls , sea-mews , coots , water railes , sea-pies , pufins , plovers , sheldrakes , moor-cocks and moore-hens , dobchicks , water-crows , kingfishers , and water-snites , &c. of which see more afterwards . Amongst these , some are of a thin and light Substance , as chickens , young pheasants , partridg , heath poulse , godwitts , all small birds when young , wings and livers of hens chickens and partridges , and their warme egges ; others are more grosse , and strong , as geese and swans ; others are of a midle substance , as hens , capons , turkeyes , and house-doves . The Temperature , of some is hot , as of the gosling , partridg , quaile , thrush , in the first degree ; in the second , the turkie , peacock , pigeon , duck , & turtle ; others are colder than the former ; some are moist in the second degree , as the turkie , young pigeon , ducks , & young quailes ; others dry , as the peacock , and heath-cock in the first degree ; in the second , the partridg , turtle , thrush , and blackbirds , &c. others are temperate , as a young pullet , crowing cockrel , grown capon , hens egges poched , and all small birds when young . As to the taste , they are diverse . The preparation after feeding with good meat as often as they desire it , in a spacious place , and rightly killed , garbelled , and pulled , must be by boyling , rosting , or baking , &c. according to the aforesaid rules , about beasts . In respect of age , the young are most moist tender and excrementitious , and the old more tough heavy lean and dry , and the full grown best . As to the sexe , the males are more strong , dry , and heavy of digestion , and the females are sweeter moister and more easily concocted ; but the kerned are of a better nature . According to their feeding , those that feed themselves abroad fat with wholsome meat , are of better nourishment , than such as are cram'd in a coop : and those that live in moist and moorish places , have a more moist and excrementitious flesh , and harder of digestion ; those that feed upon mountaines , have dryer flesh , more easily concocted , and void of excrements ; the flesh of the tame nourisheth more than that of the wild , and rosted or fryed they are dryer than boyled : Also the purer their meat is , the better they are themselves ; and those that feed upon flesh and garbage , are not so wholsome as those that feed upon corne , bents , and seeds , those that feed upon wormes and fishes at the sides of the water are worse ; and such as eate serpents , and spiders , &c. the worst , yet , may be more medicinable , and those taken by flight are preferred ; and those that have the whitest flesh are of easiest digestion , the red fleshed are of strongest nourishment ; and that which is of black flesh , is hardly digested , and of slow nourishment , and so much the worse , by how much the flesh and skin is blacker . As for the Parts of birds . The combs of cocks , some reckon amongst meats , and they are counted aphrodisiastick . The wings are of good juyce and easy concoction , their crude superfluous humidity being consumed by exercise ; the Pinions are of like disposition with the feet of beasts ; yet those of geese , hens , capons , and chickens are of good nourishment . The rump which is most fleshy and fat in those that have short leggs , doth often cause nauseousnes , they are correspondent to the rumps of beasts , having kernels , and cloying the stomach . The brain is more dry and hard , than that of quadrupeds , and that of mountain birds better than the other of such as live about fens and fields ; that of cocks , partridges , and phesants is most sweet , and that of sparrows and pigeons is venerious ; but none are absolutely commendable , except of such foul as are temperate , as cocks , chickens , capons , pullets , partridges , and pheasants ; also those of rosted wood-cocks , snites , black birds , and all small birds , are counted wholsome ; but those of great birds , water-foule , pigeons , and all sorts of wild doves are counted bad ; yet those of quailes help the epilepsy , and the cranes the hemorrhoids . The neck is hurtful to the eyes by reason of blood coagulated there , yet some say , ala mala , coxa noxa , crura dura , cropium dubium , collum bonum . The tongue , the more musculous it is , the better , and that of geese causeth luste ; but those of birds , are generally very dry , hard , and gristly , except those of parrets . The heart is of a fibrous and hard substance , hardly concocted and distributed , and often eaten , it causeth melancholick blood , & it nourisheth little , except overcome . The lungs are easily concocted by reason of their rarity , and nourish little . The ventricle , which for the most part is carnose and callous , is most sweet in geese , that of hens is more fleshy than callous . The intestine , of some is used , as the larks , wood-cocks , and suites , when fresh . The liver is hot and moist , sutable to our heat , that of geese is very nourishing ; those of tame foule , as hens , capons , chickens , ducklings , and geese , fatted with wholesome meat , please the taste , clear the eye-sight , agree with the stomach , and increase blood ; those of cranes sod in the broth of cicers , asswage the pain of the back and kidnies , but they are of small and bad nourishment ; those of larks & suites are very sweet & restorative , as also of the wood-kock , which hath the greatest in proportion of all other birds . The testicles , which are best in cocks fed with a serose meat , steeped in milk , are desired by the delicate , as promoters of lust , and some say , that being kept from the hens , they will every day adde so much flesh to the body , as the stones themselves are in weight ; some attribute the same to those of sparrows , pheasants and partridges . The feet , having but little flesh , nourish but little ; and having nerves and tendons concoct difficultly , those of geese are counted restorative . The skin of those that are fat , is sweet , but of little nutriment , and hard concoction , but that of the loines of cocks is most sweet ; that of the neck , if rugous and fat , is better boiled than rosted ; yet the skin of no bird turneth to nourishment , but rather to ill humours , or filthy excrements , and some birds are sodden or rosted without them , being black or bitter , as rookes , daws , coots , and moore hens . The marrow of the back , is of the same vertue , as the brain , but somewhat harder ; that of the bones is more pleasant and fat , but being leberally eaten , it causeth nauseousnesse . The fat , moderately taken with salt , nourisheth a little but not well , yet pleasantly ; it destroyes appetite , wine being drunk after it , the ventricle being made smooth , and the wrinkles taken away ; but that of little birds and small chickens , is not amisse , being soone overcome , but of such the lean is best . The kernels are counted restorative . The egges consist of a yolk and white , that is easily inflamed and turned into fumes ; but this is cold , glutinous , begetteth ill blood , and is hardly concocted , but together they generally agree with all stomacks : the best are those of hens , partridges , and pheasants , being of the young and fat trodden by the cock , new , white and long , such nourishing quickly , plentifully , clearing the voice and breast , & strengthing the stomach , helping consumptions , and increasing nature ; & are best in the winter , & morning eaten alone , they otherwise corrupting ; and hurt children and old men , but are good for temperate young persons , in fluxes , sharp humours , and weaknesse ; others are of a bad relish , and strong savour , and worse , as of ducks , geese and peacocks , and of all water-foul , and the paler , being more aqueous ; the trembling are of much nourishment , good juyce , easy concoction and distribution , and generate good blood ; the sorbile nourish lesse , and help asperity ; the boiled are hardly concocted , passe slowly , and yeeld thick aliment ; the rosted are grosser , and worse if covered with ashes , but better on the coles , and sod in water ; if tryed , they become nidorous , corrupt other meat , and cause thick juyce ; and the poch't are best for hot cōplexions . As for their use in medicine , see the proper places .

3. Of Fishes those we feed on in England , are either scaled , as sturgian , salmon , grailing , shuins , carps , breams , the barbel , mullet , pike , luce , perch , ruffs , herrings , sprats , pilchers , roche , shads , dorry , gudgin , and umbers ; or shelled , as scallops , oisters , muscles , cockles , and periwinkles ; or crusted over as crabs , lobsters , crevisses , and shrimps ; Or neither scall'd shell'd , nor crusted , as tuny , ling , hake , haberdine , haddock , seale , conger , lampreys , lamprons , eeles , plaise , turbut , flounder , skate , thornback , maides , sole , curs , gildpoles , smelts , cuttles , sleeves , pouts , dogfish , poulps , yards , mackrils , trouts , tenches , cooks , whitings , gurnards , and rochets : to which may be added minoes , spirlings , and anchovaes : of which see more in their proper places . And as for their Substance , that of some , is thin and light , as of all little fishes of the river ; others are more grosse tough and hard , and bad if clammy , as salt-fish , ling , and tunies ; and others in a mean , and the best are friable , fat , new , and adult . Their Temperature , is cold and moist usually , of some it's hot , as of sturgian , mullet , oisters , cockles , in the first degree ; in the second , pickled oisters , and anchovaes ; others are cold , as eeles , lumps , old-wives , fresh tunny , fresh sprats , and fresh herrings , in the first degree ; in the second , tench , pike , shrimps , crabs , and crevises : some are moist , as lamprey , barbel , crab , shrimps , and crevise , in the first degree ; in the second , fresh sturgian , lumps , olaffs , tunny , tench , eele , and fresh oisters ; others dry , as the dorry , and all fresh fish lightly powdered ; in the second , mullets , crabs , perwinkles , and cockles ; in the third , fish long salted , and stockfish : and some are temperate , as soles , and perches . The taste , is diverse . Their Preparation also , altereth them much ; the flaggy , slimy and moist , are best broil'd , rosted or bak't ; and the firme and dry , sodden . And as for their Age , the little , if of more hard flesh , are bad , and the softer that are mucous ; the old , loose much of their flesh , by age ; those of a midle age , being neither mucous , nor of evil juyce , are good . In respect of Sexe , the males are more strong , dry , and heavy of digestion ; and the females are sweeter , moister , and easier to be concocted , and the barren fish are counted of a midle nature , and grow most fat . According to their feeding , those that eat flesh , are of a harder and dryer flesh ; those that live upon a mucous matter , are of a glutinous substance : and those that eate roots and herbs are of a friable and soft flesh : those that feed upon salt , and saltish mud , are very salt , and unwholsome for most stomacks : those that devoure bitter weeds and roots , in some places , are bitter : those that feed upon garbage , carrion , or cittie filth , and the like ; are not so sweet , wholsome and pleasant , as they which feed themselves in seas , and rivers , they injoying the benefit of fresh aire , agreable water , and meat correspondent to their own nature . In respect of place , those that live in fennes , being more muddy and lesse exercised , are full of excrements , most slimy , unsavory , last digested , and soonest corrupted : those of great lakes are better ; the pond-fish are soone fatted , having much meat and little exercise , but they are not so sweet as river fish , except they have been kept in rivers to scoure themselves , especially if kept in standing ponds , not fed with continual springs , nor refreshed with fresh waters : those of rivers , if troubled and defiled with the filth of great citties , are bad for the stomach , of grosse substance , and of difficult excretion ; but those of clear waters , are better than the lakish , and they are best and most wholsome and light , when they live in rocky , sandy , or gravelled rivers , running northward or eastward , and are best when swimming up highest ; but those that live in slow , short , and muddy rivers , are excrementitious , of corrupt juyce , and of a bad smell and evil taste : the marine , living in seas agitated with the wind , and boreal , have very good flesh by reason of their exercise , and purity of the wind : and sea fish is not only the sweetest of all other , but the least hurtful , and though their substance be thicker and more fleshy , yet it 's most light and easy of concoction , and wholsome , the salt water washing away the inward filth ; it 's lesse moist and clammy , easier of concoction , sooner turned into blood , and every way fitter for mans body , when the next continent is clean , gravely , sandy , or rockey , and northeast ; and not calme or muddy : the pelagious , living in the bottom of the sea , are of a hard flesh , hardly concocted ; but of much nourishment : the littoral , by exercise dissipating the excrements of their feeding , are better than the former : the saxatil are easily concocted , of good juyce , abstersive , light , and of little nourishment , sc. those that keep their place and feeding ; the wanderers , by reason of their constant motion and beating of the waves , have harder flesh : the fossile have a hard and unpleasant flesh , and sometimes have been so bad , that all have dyed , that have eate thereof : the Amphibii , living partly on the land , partly in the water , by reason of the variety of their meat and motion , are hardly approved of : also fishes of the same kind and species differ in their goodnesse according to the healthfulnesse of the place , in which they live , and some are better in the ocean than in the mediterranean , and the contrary . Note , that be a fish well grown , it sheweth it's heal thy ; if fat , it 's young ; and new , it 's sweet ; and keepeth but till the next day , if fed in a muddy or filthy water , it soon corrupting ; also sodden fish or broiled , is presently , to be eaten hot , for kept cold , in one day , if without pickle or vineger it will corrupt , and hurt the eater ; and if taken out of a pan , it 's not to be covered with a platter , least the congealed vapour drop thence , and so cause vomiting , scouring , or corruption in the veines ; also before the eating of a fish dinner , the body is not to be heated with exercise , least the juyce too soone drawn by the liver , corrupt the whole masse of blood ; neither is it to be sodden or eaten without salt , pepper , wine , onions , or hot spices ; all fish compared with flesh being cold and moist , of little nourishment , engendring watrish and thin blood ; & though crabs , skate , cockles , and oisters , procure lust , yet it 's not by great nourishment , but by wind , making sharp nature and tickling , and such sperme is unfruitful ; furthermore those fish which are scaly , and have a substance that crumbles easily , are more wholsome , than those that are without them , being of a dryer substance ; but the other are more slimy , moist , and glutinous . As for the Parts of fishes . The head , in some is edible , as that of the mullet , salmon , umber , and carp . The tongue , is tender and fat in the dolphin , sweet in the carp , and causeth venery . ●he eyes , in the salmon are tender and fat . The barbs are counted delicate . The neck and throat , salted , are pleasant , and hardly vitiated . The livers of the aselli , are counted better than those of other fishes ; and that of the sheath-fish , is so sweet , that it causeth nauseousnesse ; that of the pike rosted and seasoned with the juyce of an orange , is not inferiour to that of geese . The sides of sturgians and lampreys are commended . The bowells are commended in the scarus , and are pleasant in the dolphin , by their taste and smell . The belly of the huso tasteth like hoggs flesh , that of tunies is to be seasoned with salt vineger and fennel . The lactes , are commended in the huso and lamprey . The abdomen in the tuny is fat and savorie . The intestines are commended in the pike , salmon , asellus , & conger . The ilia of the flounder are commended also . The Ioines are counted good in the sphyraena . The taile , in the pike and tunie is desireable . The skin of the tench , is by some women preferred before the flesh . The egges or spawn , of perches broil'd , of carps sod and fried , of the pike , salmon , and huso seasoned , are desireable ; but those of barbels , cause pain in the belly . As for medicine , the crustaceous , or testaceous , are all of a saline and tartareous nature , and yeeld excellent remedies to resolve the stone or tartar , to help the strangury , dysury , ischury , and difficulties and suppression of urin , the collick passion , and tartareous diseases of the lungs ; &c. And outwardly they are used in dentifrices , especially if burnt , also they consolidate and dry chaps in the skin : And all kinds of stones found in the heads of fishes , powdred and drunk in wine , help the collick , and stone in the reines .

4. Of Serpents , there are few that are eaten , or that eate them . And as for medicine , the body having the head and taile cut off and intrals cast away , being flead , well washed , boiled with wine , with aromatized broth , is commended against the leprosy . The fume provoketh the menses . Boiled in oile with the flowers of cowslips , it helps the gout . The ashes helpe fistula's . And as for the parts : The eye applied is said to help epiphora's . The heart bitten or applied helps the toothach . The liver eaten is said to be prophylactick . The gall , helps bitings of mad dogs , tasted caseth delivery , and applied helps the hemorrhoids . The blood makes red the lips , applied cleanseth the skin , and helps stinking of the gumms . The fat with other things helps the french disease , the palsey and gout boiled with may butter and strained , and with bulls gall in pessaries it helps sterility . The flesh cleanseth the skin , and a dramme of the powder taken with syrup of honey helps the leprosy , also it helps wounds and cut sinews . The cast skin , helps falling off of the haire , and cleareth the eyes rubbed therewith , boiled in vineger it helps the toothach , and bringeth out the same , and boiled in vineger or oile it helps pains of the eares . And the fume with apopanax , myrrh , galbanum , castoreum and pigeons ar hawks dung , bringeth forth the foetus alive or dead . The Particular Serpents , See after .

5. Of Infects , few are used as meat , except snailes , which some count most dainty sweet and nourishing meat , and are best towards winter having scoured themselves , and those are to be preferred that are of a midle size , feeding in the summer time in hilly places upon wholsome herbs , and are to be eaten after september : also they are bad for those that are of cold and moist complexions , being cold 1° . and moist 2° . but help those that are hot , cholerick , thirsty , inflamed , watchful , and those that have ulcers of the lungs being parboil'd in warme water , and so broil'd upon the coles , and eaten . As touching the use of insects in medicine , there is little to be said in general ; but of them , as also of the rest of the irrational animals , see more after , more particularly , in Alphabetical order .

Having thus spoken of Animals , as to their general differences , in respect of parts , magnitude , place , qualities , meat , generation , motion , voice , life , and actions , &c. together with their use as Meats , with their differences , as considered in kind , substance , temperature , taste , preparation , age , sexe , feeding , and place ; and of their several parts , both natural and excrementitious , in general ; as also of their use in Medicine : it may not be amisse to adde something concerning Sawces , &c. Which serve to help the want of appetite and digestion , and fit each meat to the several stomacks , by which it is to be received .

As for Sawces therefore , they are either hot , serving , if the stomach want appetite , by reason of cold and raw humours furring it , and dulling the sense of feeling in its orrifice ; & are made of dill , fennel , mints , organy , parsly , dried gilli-flowers , galingal , mustard seed , garlick , onions , leekes , juniper-berries , sage , time , vervain , betony , salt , cinamon , ginger , mace , cloves , nutmegs , pepper , pills of citrons , limons , and orenges , grains , cubebs , &c. mixe 1. 2. or 3. of them , as need requireth , with wine or vineger , made strong of rosemary or gillyflowers : or cold , helping the stomach and appetite , hurt by much choller , or adust and putrifyed phlegme ; as those made of sorrel , lettuce , spinache , purselane , or saunders ; mixt with vineger , verjuyce , cider , alegar , or water ; or the pulp of prunes , apples , and currens , &c. some help also for slow digestion , which is caused by coldnesse of the stomach or hardnesse of the meat , and helped by hot things ; mustard therefore is to be used with beefe , and all kinds of salted flesh and fish ; and onion sauce with duck , widgin , teal , and all water foule ; salt and pepper with venison , and galingal sawce with the flesh of cygnets ; garlick or onions boiled in milk , with a stuble goose ; and sugar and mustard with red deere , crane , shovelar , and bustard : and others are for temperate meats , and speedy of digestion ; as pork , mutton , lamb , veale , kid , hen , capon , pullet , chicken , rabbet , partridg , and pheasant , &c. these therefore must have temperate sawces ; as mustard and green-sauce for pork , verjuice and salt for mutton ; juyce of orenges or limmons with wine , salt and sugar for capons , pheasants , and partridges ; water and pepper for wood-cocks ; vineger and butter , or the gravet of rosted meat with rabbets , pigeons , or chickens ; for such meats , their sawces being too cold or too hot , would quickly corrupt in the stomach , being else most nourishing of their own nature ; but others are to be corrected by artificial preparation , and appropriated sawce , which nature hath made queazy or heavy to indifferent stomacks . These are the chief meats , sawces , or matter of Aliment ; yet many times they are joyned with other Vegetables &c. they serving likewise for meat & nourishment ; of which the Substance of some is grosse , as of cucumbers , turneps , beans , hard pease , & brown and rye bread , &c. that of others , is mean , and of good juyce , as sodden lettuce , skirrets , almonds , raisins , and bread made of the purest wheat , new , well baked , and leavened ; the hard are not easily concocted , but quickly corrupted ; the soft are soon corrupted ; the viscid are hardly distributed ; others are of firme or infirme aliment , and of easy or difficult concoction or corruption . In respect of Quality , they are either hot , attenuating thick humours , inciding the viscid , discussing flatulency , and increasing choller in the temperate ; and some are hot in the first degree ; as new hasle-nuts , new almonds , asparagus , borrage , bur-roots , skirret-roots , white thistle roots , hop-buds , parsneps , wheat , rice , figs , sugar , raisins , sweet apples , and ripe pomegranates ; others 2° . as ripe mulberries , new walnuts , pickled olives , preserved capers , phisticks , dates , chestnuts , artichokes , carrots , potatoes , parsly , raddish roots , eryngo roots , nutmegs , and saffron ; 3° . mints , tarragon , onions , leekes , alisanders , old wallnuts , cinamon , ginger , cloves and pepper ; and 4° . skallions , garlick , and ramsies ; but such as are hot beyond the second degree , are rather medicine than meat : others are cold , tempering the heat of the stomach and blood , but cause flatulency ; and are so 1° . as pompions , melons , cherries , straw-berries , peaches , some apples , peares , quinces , medlars , services , spinache , succory , sorrel , goose-berries , cabbage , coleworts , pease and beans ; 2° . prunes , damsins , apricocks , most sorts of plumms , lettuce , endive , citrons , orenges , limmons , gourds , and cucumbers : some are moist , helping the drynesse of the parts , and loosening the belly ; and are so 1° . as pine-apple kernels , new filbeards , sweet almonds , dates , sperage , spinache , borrage , hop buds , carrots , turneps , and French pease : others are dry , which are hardly concocted , and nourish strongly , but cause a melancholick juyce , and help those that are overmoistened ; and are so 1° . as straw-berries , soure fruit , medlars , fennel , artichokes , coleworts , and reddish saffron ; 2° . cinnamon , nutmegs , ginger , galanga , pears , quinces , soure pomegranats , pickled olives , phisticks , chestnuts , succory , sorrel , parsly , onions , leekes , limons , citrons , beans , and rice ; 3° . poudred capers , services , mints , garlick , ramsies , scallions , water-cresses , cloves , and the best cinnamon ; 4° . pepper , and all things over seasoned therewith . And the rest are temperate not exceeding the first degree , as fine wheat , &c. and are the best , being easily concocted , nourishing much , yeelding good aliment , not easily corrupted , or gaining an evill quality , and such as leave little excrement . As for the Taste , some are bitter , as sperage , hop sprouts , broom-buds , and wormwood , &c. others sharp , as onions , skallions , leeks , garlick , radish , mustard seed , cresses , and hot spices ; others soure , as sorrel , limons , orenges , citrons , soure fruit , and things strong of vinegar and verjuyce ; some are austere and acerb , binding if taken first , but loosening if used last , as rosted quinces , wardens , services , medlars , &c. & others insipid , as melons , pompions , pears , apples , berries , & plums of noe rellish , &c. others are sweet , &c. but amongst all other things that arise from plants , the chiefe is wheat , serving to make the best bread of , which agreeth to all stomachs , without which if meat be eaten , it soon corrupteth and passeth out of the body ; and it 's to be made of the purest wheat , well cleansed , washed , kept , and ground , with clean water lukewarme , a little salt , mean leaven , well moulded , and slit , made into mean loaves , well baked , and full of eyes ; and it 's then to be eaten , being 24. houres old , the crumbs to nourish and the crust to dry , and the leavened for weak stomachs , in such quantity as may make a convenient mixture of meat and drink , and the more when the meats are liquid to retain them , avoiding fulnesse thereof , it being most dangerous , by reason of its clamminesse . If new and hot , it 's thirsty , and windy ; if two dayes old , dry & hardly concocted ; if old & musty it 's melancholick , and binding ; if heavy it 's flatulent , and troublesome ; and the bisket is dry ; if branny , it nourisheth best , but passeth soonest through the belly , but the finer is more nourishing ; the domestick is good , the unleavened is heavy , and the unsalted obstructive : also Drink is no lesse necessary , serving to mix the meat and bread , and help their distribution , restore the humid substance of the body , and quench thirst , help to concoction , and fusion , and to hinder inflammation of the nutritive fat ; and the most simple is Water , the purest of which is cold and moist , and the best is clear , limpid , without muddinesse or contents , taste or smell , thin and smooth , which runs presently through the hypochondria , and is soon distributed through the body , soone hot or cold , and lightest : Therefore Fountain water is to be preferred , having these qualities , eastern and running through sand or gravel , the southern and northern are worse , raw , heavy , and of slow passage ; it 's bad if running through pipes : Rain water is next best , being brought in earthen pipes into a cistern , or through gravel , in spring , and with gentle showres , and kept clean in a cistern ; it 's worse , if falling in stormes ; if with thunder it 's most light and thin , but soone corrupting ; that of snow and ice , is thick , hurts the ventricle , and causeth griefs of the joynts and bowels ; that taken in cisterns is bad if falling from houses , by reason of the lime , &c. Well waters are thick and heavy , obstructing , yet are better having good fountains neere them , drawn out of deep wells , if the sun come at them , often drawn , cleansed , remote from dung hills , and the water is sweet in clay , colder in tophous earth , thin in sand , and best amongst red stones , of good taste in gravel , cold at the bottom of mountains , and best amongst stones and flints : River-water is sometimes preferred before well water , being sweet , and clear , and taken from swift streams , flowing in good ground , and a temperate region : That of standing pooles , and lakes , is the worst , thick , raw , and sometimes malignant , hurting the stomach , corrupting the humours , stopping the bowels , and causing putrid feavers : but water may be corrected by boyling it . An other sort of drink is Beere , which is made of wheat , oats , or rye , but chiefely of barly , which by reason of hopps is hot and diuretical ; and if new , it 's unwholsome , obstructive , and begets the stone ; the defecated is more wholsome ; and ale is said to make fat : As for Metheglin , it 's hot , and soon turned into choller : And Wine generally is hot and dry , cherishing the heart , increasing the spirits , refreshing the strength , purging choller by urin , and provoking the expulsion of excrements ; and the Muscadine is of good juyce ; Malago heats the stomach , and helps the collick . The Rhenish is thin , strengthning the heart , and restorative . The Thin soon penetrats , quickly restoreth , openeth , provokes sweat and urin , and is of lesse aliment , such is the aquose , deep yellow , and yellow ; the Thick is more nutritive , heating , drying , sticking , and sometimes obstructing , as the black , red , sweet , and austere ; the White is colder than the yellow or deep yellow , if thin also ; the deep Yellow is next it , and good if thin ; the Red doth moderately heat , begets good blood , & troubles not the head , if thick also , but obstructeth the spleen & liver ; Claret is almost of the same vertue ; the Black is of a thicker substance , for the most part sweet , very nourishing , and begets thick blood , but causeth obstructions and filleth the head ; the Sweet nourisheth well , and is pleasant to the pallat , bowels , lungs , and mouth , and troubleth not the head , but obstructeth and turneth into choller ; the Austere is lesse hot , resteth longer in the belly , penetrats to the passages of urin , and helps fluxes , but because it restraineth spittle , it 's not to be used in the deseases of the breast ; and the Mean is best ; the Fragrant by it's smell restoreth strength ; increaseth the spirits , and strengthneth the faculties , and is good for old men , but that it fills the head , and troubleth the nerves ; that without smell is not so desired or nourishing ; and that affected with an other smell is noxious ; Muste causeth the collick and hindreth urin ; the New is excrementitious , of difficult distribution , and causeth fluctuation ; the Old troubleth the nerves and head ; but the Mean is better for use : Thus meat in general is a more grosse and corporeal substance , taken either from living creatures living upon the earth , or living ever or sometimes in the water ; or vegetables in the earth , whereby the grosser part of our body is preserved ; and liquours are thin and liquid nourishment , serving as a sted to convey meat to every member , and are converted most easily into humours in the body .

This is the chief matter of meat and drink , by which the body of man is preserved , augmented , and strengthned , there is further to be observed , that what is according to nature is to be preserved , a mean is alwayes to be followed , suddain mutations are to be avoided , things accustomed are not presently to be left off , bodies in exact health are to be cherished with their likes ; those that recede from it , are by little and little , and moderately , to be reduced to the contrary ; occult qualities are so to be preserved that the temper of the body be not hurt ; the innate heat of all the parts is to be preserved by moderate heaters and binders . The Aire most wholsome , must be temperate , pure , clean , thin , open , free , without any ill vapours , moistnesse or corruption , but moved with gentle winds , and serene , and seasonable , sc. hot and moist in spring , hot and dry in summer , cold and dry in autumne , cold and moist in winter , so for the months according to the quadrature of the moon , and for the dayes , in respect of morning noon evening and night , the effects of which are according to the qualities , and winds , yet all winds in their proper nature , moisten and cool , but alter according to the site and condition of places through which they blow , the septentrional being most vehement , the oriental moderately hot and dry , and moist from the sea ; the occidental moderately cold and moist , and the meridional watrish showry and sickly ; it 's altered also by the starrs , meteors , as fiery aereal aqueous or impure , zones ; cardinal regions , the oriental being moderately temperate , and healthy ; the occidental sickly , the meridional making moist , and the septentrional dry ; by the parts of the world , kingdoms , and provinces , cities and edifices , & particular constitution of places ; being pure in high , moist in low , mean in plain , thin in the stony , open in mountains , cloudy in woods , moist neere rivers , sickly in fennes , wholsome in marine places , & various neere baths : that is to be shunned that is stinking , and suddain mutations therein are not to be made , the cold is to be altered with fire , hangings , or stoves ; the hot by cold water , roses strewed , water-lillies , nettles , willows , and leaves of trees ; the moist by fire , and aromatick fumes ; the dry by irrigation of waters , and moistning herbs ; the pestilent with the fume of aromatick wood , and frankincense , those that are idle are to walk in the open aire and fields , in the morning about mountains , and fountaines and rivers in the evening .

Then as for Meat , it is to be temperate , and familiar , acceptable and usuall , sc. the flesh of animals , and fishes , with bread well baked ; also simple , or various , yet not of a diverse substance or qualities at the same time , that it may be concocted at the same time , with the same heat , and not being taken in too great a quantity , and it 's convenient ; firm flesh , thin blood , sweet phlegme , bitter gall , and sourish melancholy being to be preserved ; but they must be well prepared , orderly taken , and no errour committed in quantity , time , order and manner of eating ; it 's necessary in sicknesse also if compound , of which more particularly after . And as for the Quantity of meat , it is either full , increasing flesh , spirits and humours ; and is fit for those that are young , growing , strong , lusty , and able to endure much exercise : or moderate , repairing flesh , spirits , and humours lost ; and is fittest for persons of a midle health , of an estate of body neither perfectly strong , nor very weak : or else thin , lessening flesh spirits and humours for a time to preserve life , and the strictest especially is to be used , only where there are violent diseases , caused by fulnesse or corruption , where the sicknesse is abated by the substraction of sufficient food . Also a man in health , must never eat to satisfy , but rise with a quick appetite . If drowsy , weary and heavy after eating , being before nimble & cheereful , it 's a signe that accustomed measure is exceeded ; and that the quantity must be diminished , till such inconveniences cease . If after meals , there be unfitnesse for the actions of the mind , as study , contemplation , and other functions of the mind and body , then the due proportion is exceeded . If there be too much repletion , there must be evacuation ; and that is known , by pain and heavinesse of the head , long and troubled sleeps , troublesome dreams , sleep in the day-time after meals , lazinesse , wearinesse , pain in the whole body , or any part thereof , want of appetite , crudities in the stomach , sower belching , binding of the belly , frequent distillations , stopping of the nose after supper , with little excrement evacuated , and much in the morning , much spitting , unusual abundance of wind , and loosenesse . If a change be to be made , it must be by degrees , till come to a proportion not offending the functions of the body or mind ; and several sorts of meat are to be shunned , at the same time , some being concocted sooner , others more slowly , and so there is an evil concoction . The Quality of meats also is to be regarded , there being like food like flesh , like meat like nourishment . And the temperate are best for all sorts of persons , especially for those well tempered , as flesh and bread of good juyce . The quality is to be heeded ; it altering the constitution of the body . That is to be used which is most agreeable to every ones particular nature , age , temperature , distemperature , and complexion . Young , hot , strong , and labouring men may eat hard & grosse meats , as beife , bacon , poudered flesh and fish , hard cheese , hard eggs , and rye-bread , &c. which may be concocted by degrees , and nourish slowly ; the lighter meats , as veal , lamb , capons , chickens , partridges , pheasants , or plovers , &c. in them , being too soon digested , and turned into choller ; and milk is best for children , tender flesh for such as grow , and liquid meats for such as are sick of sharp diseases . If the body be bound , the diet must be moist , and of boiled meats ; but dry , if moist . Sweet meats are bad for young children , and men , and for hot stomachs ; but help those that are old and cold . The bitter engender choller , burn blood , and give no general nourishment to the whole . Sharp spices hurt tender bodies , but the strong may eat them with grosse meats Soure meats with sharp , as citrons , limons , oranges , and vineger , hurt cold stomachs , and sinewy parts ; but if cold and astringent , as sorrel , quinces , services , and medlars , they help the stomach eaten last , except subject to fluxes . Those over-salted help those only that toile and labour , causing inflammations and obstructions , &c. the Fatty are good only for cold and dry stomachs . All meats are to be given very hot to cold & raw stomacks . They are to be contrary to the disease when sick , that which is naturally or accidentaly loathed , is not to be eaten greedily when hungry , being turned into wind , belchings , vimitings , and gripings . A strong and good stomach may taste of all things , but not feed on them as nourishments . The Time of eating , depends upon custome , but that houre may be omitted if the appetite be not quick , yet it 's most convenient to eat twice in the day . The supper , in some that are healthy and in the flower of youth , ought to be equal or larger than the dinner ; but in others more sparing ; and the most seasonable hour of dining , is about 2. or 3. houres before noon , and it 's most wholsome : as for break fasts , in close places , and times of sicknesse , they are very necessary ; otherwise it 's best to fast till dinner , where the air is clear , and wholsome , except growing or chollerick , the meals are to be often for children and much , little and often for old men , labourers very often , sc. 4. or 5. times in a day , if working hard ; and the time , quantity , and frequency may be altered by custom , sicknesse and appetite . &c. The Order of aliments is this , that thin meats , liquid , easy of concoction , loosening and easily descending , are to be first taken , and the contrary last . At the beginning of the meal , some broth , flesh , or some what else actually hot , is to be taken , not drinking first ; but drink with meat is necessary , without fluctuation , the most nourishing meat is to be eaten first , and the cold last , if the stomach be hot ; the breakfast may be of liquid meats , the dinner of moist and boiled , and the supper chiefely of rosted meats . As for the Manner of eating , it is to be with fine chewing , leisurely , sitting upright for an houres time or lesse ; except longer time be confirmed by custom , or alleviated by pastime or discourse ; but the time of sitting is not to be very long or short , that the meat may descend , and not too hastily settle . Here also the Custome and delight in the use of meats is to be observed , the usuall being more profitable though not so good , and that not only in the substance , but quality , quantity , and time of eating also ; and if it be changed , it must be by degrees , and the most pleasing is to be used . In respect of Age , the meat and diet of children should be cold and moist , given in a great quantity : it 's to be midling in quantity and quality for youths and young men , and cold and moist : and it must be lesse for old men . According to the Season of the year , in Winter it must be copious , hot and dry , and drink more sparing , and wine pure : in the Spring it must be moderate in quantity and quality , more hot and copious than in summer , but lesse than in winter : in Summer it must be cold and moist , small in quantity , but with more drink : in Autumne , it must be fuller , hotter , and dryer than in summer , and lesse at the beginning than at the latter end . And this is to be observed , the Spring being temperate , in a mean between the first qualities , or moderately hot and moist ; the Summer is hot and dry ; Autumne is cold and dry ; & Winter cold & moist , & they produce diseases accordingly ; a hot air , attenuating , dissolving and weakening ; the cold thickning binding and helping concoction ; the moist softning , increasing excrements , and making dull ; the dry diminishing excrements , making agile , and quickning ; and the cloudy filling with ill humours and spirits .

Also that the aforesaid meat or diet may be the more profitable to the body , & health preserved : Motion & rest are to be considered , exercise exciting natural heat , and increasing the spirits , and making the body more strong , perfecting concoction , and causing transpiration ; and it may be by walking , running , leaping , riding , gestation , and other wayes ; but the chief is moderate Walking through green and pleasant places , under a serene skie , before meat , & chiefely before dinner , and that till the body swell , appears fresh , begin to be weary , and a hot vapour breaks forth ; also that is the best exercise , which exerciseth all parts equally ; if excessive , it exhausteth , refrigerats , weakens , & hurts the eyes ; if Swift , it attenuats , and thickens the body ; if Slow , it refrigerats and causeth flesh ; if Vehement , it makes lively , but lean ; if continued and equal , it more wearieth ; and lesse if unequal ; if Interrupted & ordinate , it wearieth lesse ; if in Places hot , it burneth , and humecteth if moist ; if by Leaping , and continual , it hurts the head and breast ; if upwards , it helps the hips ; if downwards , it cleanseth the head , and strengthens the leggs ; if with capering , it helps matter from the head ; if by Running , and vehement , it helps moist bodies , but hurts the head ; if moderate , it heats , causeth appetite , and stops fluxions ; if long and forewards , it diffuseth the flesh , and makes thicker if by degrees ; if backwards , and placid , it helps the head eyes , stomach and loins ; if circular , it hurts the head ; if up hill , it hurts the breast and leggs ; and the bowels , if downwards ; in plain places , it 's good ; if the body be covered , it moistens and makes pale , if bare it causeth evaporation . If by Quoits , it helps the limbs , but hurts bad reines , & breast ; if by Shooting , it causeth a good habit . Moderate Walking helps defluxions and retentions ; if swift , it extenuats ; if slow , it helps old men ; if too much , it discusseth and hurts the head ; if much it helps the pined lower parts , and head affected by the breast ; if little , it helps the heavy body ; if long and straight it helps the head , and dryeth ; if long and swift it helps hickets ; if short and turning it hurts the head ; if upon the heels it helps a moist breast ; and the belly bound , if on the toes ; if up hil , it wearieth , and causeth sweat , but hurts weak knees ; if down hil , it draws from the head , but hurts weak thighs ; if through unequal places , it 's good for such as are soon wearied ; if through rough , it fills the head ; if on sand it strengtheneth ; in a close place it 's bad ; if by the sea it dryeth and attenuats ; by rivers , it moistens ; it 's bad in the dew ; and in winds , it 's according as it 's said of them before , as they alter the aire ; if in the sun , it hurts the head ; but it 's good under mirtles , bay-trees , amongst sweet herbs , & in fair weather ; if in the morning , it loosens , quickens , and helps appetite , and moist bodies ; in the evening it prepares for sleep , helps inflations , but hurts the head ; a little after meat , is good , to help descent . Standing , if upright , hurts weak backs , & inflamed or ulcerated reines ; if before meat , it draws down excrements , strengthens the leggs , but hurts the vertiginous ; if after meat , & moderate , it helps descent ; if long , it sends up vapours , draws down humours , & hurts the breast & bladder ; in the shade & sun , it 's as in walking . Riding , if slow , makes weary ; if swift & seldom , it causeth lust & hurts the breast ; if trotting , it hurts the back parts , but helps the reines ; if rūning , it too much heats , dulls the senses , & offendes the eyes . Gestation , increaseth heat , discusseth , draws down excrements , & causeth sleep ; if in a coach , if gētly , it helps diseases of the head & fluxes , & the sight if looking back ; if fast , it makes lean ; in a horslitter , it 's good after meals and for the sick ; as for the nature of Rest , it may hēce appear . And as for Sleeping & watching , they are no lesse to be regarded ; moderate sleepe , helping concoction , restoring lost strength , moistening the body , & helping old men ; but if immoderate , it loosens the members , causeth ill colour & habit , makes the head heavy , fills it full of vapours & humours , dulls natural heat , & makes unfit for exercise : now the time that is most convenient for it , is the night , 1 or 2 houres after supper , after a gentle walk , to help descent of meat . And it 's hurtful at noon , except great labour did precede , or sicknesse or weaknesse , or wearinesse & watchfulnesse , or to recal the heat to the internal parts in a hot day , if usual , & then it must be very long , or short ; the body being upright , and that , after dinner , a gentle walk being used , & it must be the longer , the weaker the digestion is & slow ; & it must be first on the right side , then on the left , the head being highest , & the limbs gathered up : also lying on the belly helps concoction , but hurts the sight ; but if on the back , it hinders the evacuation of excrements , and hurts those that are subject to the stōe . Watching , if moderate , doth excite the spirits & senses , & helps to distributiō , & the evacuatiō of excrements ; but if immoderate , it dissipats the spirits , dryeth the body , chiefely the brain , increaseth choller , inflames , & the heat being dissipated , causeth cold diseases . Excretiōs & retētions likewise must be regarded , the excrements being too long retained , begetting several diseases , sc. apepsie , nauseousnesse , putrid vapours , the collick , giddiness & head ach ; but if naturally evacuated , they are soft , of a midle substance , brown colour , not of very offensive smell , and corresponding with the quantity of things received . And if they are often evacuated , they ease the body , and preserve health ; if frequently and long , it weakens the body , and corrodes the intestines . Vrin natural is of a moderate substance , brown colour , with or without sediment , white , smooth , & corresponding to the quantity of liquour taken ; & if it be too long retained , it distends the urinary passages , & if the serous humidity be not attracted by the reines , it causeth the cachexie , and dropsy . Insensible transpiration , if prohibited , causeth great diseases , as pleurefies , peripneumonies , and putrid feavers , &c. but if according to nature , it preserveth health . The sperme unduely retained , causeth a heavinesse of the whole body , and dangerous accidents if corrupted ; if too much evacuated , it dissipats natural heat , debilitats the whole body , accumulats crudities , hurts the nerves , and causeth the palsey , and debility of mind ; the flux of the flowers should be moderate , according to the temper and custom of the woman , with certain intervals and periods : as for Venery it hurteth men more than women , if immoderate ; and it 's to be used chiefly in youth and at the middle age ; But it hurts old men , and those of a dry and weak constitution ; when used , the interval must be such , that the body may be lighter after than before ; also it 's worst after hard drinking , strong exercises , in time of famin , or after long evacuations . The Passions of the mind are no lesse to be regarded ; they if moderate , preserving health ; and decaying it , if immoderate , and therefore they are to be bridled ; and as for the effects . Immoderate love doth accend , and often causeth palpitation , madnesse , or fainting . Joy , if moderate , it recreats the heart and vital spirits ; if suddain and excessive it so dissipats the spirits , that often it causeth death . Sadnesse doth by degrees dissolve the spirits , cool and dry the body , hurt concoction , and cause watching , and melancholick diseases , palenesse , and smallenesse of pulse . Fear cals the heat inwards , makes cold , pale , weak , causeth loosenesse , resolution of the muscles , and sometimes death with a small pulse . Anger moves the spirits outwards , agitats the same , and humours , beats , causeth feavers , trembling , abortion , and death . Externals , also may be profitable , as Baths , which alter much ; but often do not a little hurt those that seldom use them , or that are cocochymick , plethorick , rheumatick and inclined to inflammations , and the erysipelas . That of the vapour of sweet water , heateth , at first relaxeth and moisteneth , after it melteth , causeth sweat ; and if used long , it dryeth . Water hot , moisteneth , but first heateth ; & the hot vapours being gone , it cooleth , attenuats , and dryeth if tepid , cooleth the hot and heateth the cold , relaxeth , and impinguats moderately used , and concocts ; used long , it dissolves , and discusseth ; therefore it 's moderately to be used , by those that are hot and slender , it helping them , as also the kectical , melancholick dry feavers , thirsty , weary , painful , and cutaneous affections : if cold , it refrigerats , binds , thickens , strengthens , calls in heat , helps concoction , prevents external injuryes ; but is bad for such as use not a good diet or exercise , or are bound , or full of crudities , and sharp vapours . The artificial vary , according to the ingredients ; and the medicate according to their minerals ; the sulphureous heating , drying and resolving ; and the nitrous , dry and cleanse . Inunctions may be used before or after bathing . Friction , if hard , hardens and thickens ; and the contrary , if soft ; the mean is indifferent ; if much , it dssolves and extenuats ; if mean , it increases flesh ; in the morning after evacuation of excrements , it helps the dry and weary ; so in the evening , and helps the atrophie . As for Garments , they all heat ; if of silk they heat more , and mollifie if fine , and heate more if villous ; cloth heateth , and dryeth ; that of skins if full of hair is warmest . Scarlet is hot , and draws forth the spirits ; that which is aromatized is naught for a hot brain , and causeth head-ach ; if linnen and flaxen , made white with lime , it biteth and causeth scabbinesse ; and that of hemp , is dryer . This may suffice to be said in general of Animals , as used in diet , together with the quantity , quality , time , order , manner of eating them , custom , & season of the year ; with other things necessary , as motion and rest , sleeping and watching , excretions and retentions , passions of the mind and externals , &c. Now more particularly , as for the diet of those that are great and of infants , &c. see the regimen after . And those betwixt 21. & 50. should use a quātity that may not load ; less if hard , the stomach cold , & appetite wanting , idle , & in sūmer time ; if too much , it 's to be corrected by fasting , sleep , abstinence , rest , & vomiting ; using flesh chiefely , with suitable sawces to the temper , yet sparingly , or little & often , according to age , temperament , life , & custom , twice in a day ; or oftner , if labouring , chollerick , lean , and when appetite , with some variation , & according to custom , & least at night if health decays , the liquid first & laxāts last to loosen , & the corruptible apart , drinking without fluctuation , betwixt eating , & after concoction , the stomach not being empty ; also the affections must be moderate ; & motion , little , if lean , hungry , or meat crude , moderate before & after it , avoiding study , & long exercise , sleeping 6 or 9 houres , on the right side first , the members being contracted , & head elevated upon a soft bed ; avoiding often & long bathing before concoction , not eating soon after , voiding excrements by lenients , & exercise dayly . That of old men , must be hot & moist , so the aire , of good juyce and easy concoction . With a little honey , & thrice in a day in exact quantity , with some change , thin wine midle aged , mulse , or beer , shunning passions , using gentle exercise , frictions , long sleep and lenients , as honey , raisins , &c. That of the Intemperate must be altered by degrees to the cōtrary , til tēperate : if declining , fasting , bleding , purging : if recovering , by purging , moist , easy fit & good meat .

This may suffice concerning Animals , their differerences , use as meat and medicine , sauces , & things to be joyned therewith in diet , sc. bread , drink , water , wine , beere , & fit aire ; the quantity of meats , quality , time , order , & manner of eating , custom , & season of the year ; with motion & rest , sleeping & watching , excretions and retentions , passions of the mind , externals , & particular dietetick rules , serving for the preservation of health , by the use of Irrational Animals : Now follow the Rational , for whose use they are .

II. Rational , viz. Man , who is an animal , besides sense and motion , having reason also : in whom may be considered . 1. His Use in medicine . 2. His Anatomy , & general external division of the whole body , into venters & limbs ; as also the bones , cartilages & ligaments , muscles , veines , arteries , nerves , lower belly , midle venter , & upper venter . 3. Also his Diseases , which are . 1. Internal , & these are . 1. Universal , sc. feavers ; & 2. Particular , with their symptomes , sc. 1. The diseases of the upper venter or head ; & it's symptomes , of the eyes , eares , nostrils , tōgue , lips , face , teeth , gumms , jawes , mouth , uvula , & tonsils . 2. Of the midle venter , & it's symptomes , sc of the gullet , throat , rough artery , lūgs , breast , symptomes thereof , & of the heart . 3. Of the lower venter and it's symptomes , sc. of the oesophagus , ventricle , symptomes thereof , of the intestines , symptomes thereof , of the anus , mesentery , spleen , liver , symptoms thereof , of the reins , symptomes thereof , of the bladder , symptomes thereof , of the genitals in mē , symptomes thereof , of the navil , of the abdomen , of the pudend in women & neck of the womb , of the womb it selfe , of the symptomes therein , & about the menses & other fluxes thereof , with those of virgins & women after twelve yeares of age from the same , those about conception , preternatural affections of those that are great & their regimen , symptomes about parturition , affections after child-birth & the regimen of breeding women , as also their diseases of the duggs , & symptomes thereof . 4. The diseases & symptomes of infants . Also the arthritis , occult diseases from internal humours , water , & aire , french disease , diseases from witchcraft & inchauntment , & poysons inward or outward , from animals minerals & vegetables . 2. Externals , sc . tumours , ulcers , wounds , fractures , luxations , & paines . Of all which particularly , in the same order , more shall be said in their proper places , together with their definitions including the signes , causes , particular method of curation , brief Theory , Remedies internal & external , general & particular . The inward , are medicines cooling & attenuating choller , cooling & thickning it , altering flegme & melancholy , & black choller , aperients , cholagogons , phlegmagogons , melanogogons , hydragogons , vomitories , sudorificks , diureticks , errhines , sternutatories , masticatories , cephalicks , ophthalmicks , pectorals , cardiacals , hepaticals , stomachicals , spleneticks , nephriticks , hystericals , arthriticks , increasers and diminishers of milk , increasers and diminishers of sperm , discutients of wind , astringents , killers of worms , and vulneraries ; the outward , are medicines refrigerating and repelling , emplasticks , anodines , narcoticks , emollients , resolvers , epispasticks , suppurants , detergents , sarcoticks , cicatrizers , stoppers of blood , glutinants , vesicants , cathereticks , and causticks ; and use of the London Dispensatory for the same purpose , Doses of remedies , and Way of prescribing making and using of them , according to the best rules of Art . &c.

Thus of Animals irrational and rational , &c. now follow Minerals .

II. As for Minerals , they are bodies perfectly mixt ; inanimate , not having sense or motion ; and they Differ according to colour , chalk , alum , the amianth and arabick stone being white for the most part ; and marble , chrystal , silver , and quick-silver : but pnigites , sory , and others , black ; earth of eretria , and Melos is of an Ash colour ; the sapphir and cyaneous , of a Skie colour ; the emerald and chrysocolla , Green , and vitriol ; oker is Muddy ; gold Yellow ; the sarda and carbuncle is Reddish ; and these differ in intension , the emerald being very green , the chrysocolla meanly ; some have a proper colour , as black lead , and copper ; others imitate those of others , as auripigment , & ammochrysos of gold , aspilates of silver ; chalcite of brasse , &c. some are of two colours , others of 3. 4. or more . Some have pellucidity , yet not earths , mettals , or great stones , and those so properly called , except the specular , phengites , plaster ; among juyces , nitre , alum , vitriol , amber and most jewels ; and of these many vary by inclination , as the eristalis from white to reddish ; others are lesse lucid thereby , as the emerald , charchedonius , & the globous , &c. nitour , is in all kinds of fossils , as in the argentary chalk amongst earths ; in all translucid juyces , stones , and gemms , and pure mettals ; some have only little Sparks , as misy : also amongst those things that shine , some represent the Species , as the emerald , carbuncle , cepites , cepionides , hephaestites and all hard stones , polished ; and the obsidianus , a Shaddow . The sapour is differing , some being Sweet , as the melitites , and galactites ; others Fat , as the terra samia , and marla ; some Bitter , as nitre ; partly Salt , as fossil salt ; partly Sharp , as lapis asius , and Spodes ; some Bind , as rubrick ; others are Acid ; some have a Mixt taste ; as vitriol , &c. some yeeld a Juyce , when rubbed on a whetstone , as the haematites and schistos , but jewels and stones not and the sapour of earths and mettals may be Found by steeping them in water . As for the smell , that of sory is nauseons , it 's drawn out of some by striking with a stone or iron , out of others by stamping as sandaracha ; or burning , as myrrh , gagates , bitumen , camphire , and mettals by melting . As for other Qualities , some of them are hot , others cold , some moist , others dry . Some are Fat , as marle , sulphur , gagates ; others Lean , as oker , salt , sand stone , and almost all stones ; some are Hollow , as some chalk , & pumice stone ; some are Hard , as stones & mettals ; and others Soft , as spodos , and most earths ; some are Rough , as smiris , earth of Melos and tripela ; some are Smooth , as many gemms and pure mettals ; some are Heavy , and others light , as the pumice stone , gagates , and tophi ; some of them may be Liquefied by liquour , as earths , salt , nitre , alum , copperas , &c. some by fire , as metallick fluores , translucid gemms , flints , & mettals ; some are soon Mollified , as soft and lean earths ; the contrary slower , as also mettals & stones ; & those that are mollified by liquours , are not by the fier , & the contrary ; some are mollified by humidity as earths , & some by fier as sulphur ; also some are Humected as earths , and others which are mollified by the aspersion of water ; some of them are clammy and glutinous , as bitumen and fat earth mollified ; some are Flexible , as the amianth , and mettals ; for the most part they are Friable , and very few Fragil , as the loadstone ; some receive Impressions , as fat earths , soft , and moistned , bitumen , and mettals ; others that yeeld to iron may be Ingraven , & some turned ; some break when pierced , as flints ; others hardly admit it , as the basaltes , and the adamant not at all ; some may not be Filed , as the sapphire and carbuncle , but the tapaz may ; and all may have Sculpture by the powder of smiris , except the adamant , which must have it done by it's own fragments . Some may be compressed , as spodos ; others not , as stones and mettals ; some may be Densated , as earths fat and soft ; some may be Extended , as the same ; but the hard , lean and dry , not . Some may be Drawn out , as gold , silver , and brasse , and stones not ; some are Fissil , as the spectacle stone ; others not , as mettals ; some Burne , as brimstone , bitumen , gagates ; and stones , earths , and mettals not ; some totally , as bitumen , & brimstone ; & others partly , as the spinus , and they all yeeld smoak ; some may be Burned as all mettals except gold , and others are powdered thereby as earths ; some yeeld Fier , as the fierstone , flint , milstone , and chrystal ; others , not ; some Move in vineger , as the astroites and trochites ; some Bubble in water , as certain earths ; some Swim , and being broken sink , as the pumice stone , & thyreus . Some rubbed on a whetstone yeeld a juyce , as the galactites , schistos , & haematite . Some colour mettals , as cadmia ; some impart their colour to other things , as chalk , black earth , silver , and earth of eretria , &c. some sharpen iron as the whetstone , & sandstone ; the loadstone Attracts it ; the the amedes Repels it , and amber attracts straws . As for figure , some are Round , as the thyites ; Semi-spherical , as callai , astroitae ; Cylindric , as the beril , and syenites ; Triangular , as some gemms ; Quadrate , as the and rodamas ; of Five angles , as the basaltes ; Sexangular , as chrystal ; of More angles , as the pangonus ; & some partly plain , as the specular , and loadstone , partly Convex , as the aetites within , partly Concavous , as some emeralds ; some are like warts , as the myrmecias ; like the curvat moon , the tephrites ; the amiauth like haires ; stelechites like the trunk of a tree ; belemnites , like arrows ; chalazias like hail ; the lapis judaicus , like an acorn , &c. some Represent the effigies of things , as the enorchis , entrochos , enosteos , leucophthalmos , aegophthalmos , lycophthalmos , astroites , and the achates of woods and rivers . They differ also in quantity , some being great , as marble , and gemms small , &c. And some cure the pestilence , as the emerald , sealed earth , & armenian . The sapphir drunk helps stingings of scorpions , and sulphur applied , nitre drunk helps toadstools eaten , and vitriol ; salt applied helps against many sorts of stinging , and opium drunk ; some Stop bleeding , as the hematite and hieracites ; some help the stomach , as the jasper applied , the aetites worn preserves the foetus ; some move vomiting , as chrysocolla , armenium , and sutorie atrament . All fossils dry ; but some Heat also , as alum , sutorie atrament , chalcite , misy , sory , melanteria ; others Cool , as earth of eretria , plumbarie stone , and stibium ; some Soften , as gagates ; others Harden , as plumbarie stone and stibi ; some Open , as nitre , it 's spume , aphronitre ; some Shut , as samius after , and all glutinous earth ; some Discusse , as the pyrites , molaris , & bitumen ; some Cicatrize , as chalcite , misy , & fissil alum ; others Diminish proud flesh , as rust of brasse , and chalcite if the body be soft , and misy ; some Putrify , as sandaracha , auripigmentum , and chrysocolla ; some are of Different vertues ; others of the Same , as chrysocol , and armenium ; auripigment and sandaracha ; the haematite and schistos ; and sutorie atrament , chalcite , misy , sory , and melanteria , and the first are strongest . Some also are Deadly , some by erosion , as spodos , cadmia , chrysocolla ; & others by stopping , as gypsum , & the specular stone . Thus of the colour , Pellucidity , Fulgor , Nitor , sapour , odour , heat , cold , moisture , drinesse , fatnesse , leannesse , thicknesse , rarity , hardnesse , softnesse , asperity , smoothnesse , heavinesse , lightnesse , liquidity , mollification , humectation , clamminesse , glewishnes , flexibility , friability , sculpture , turning , filing , compression , densation , traction , ductility , fissure , burning , inflaming , motion in vineger , swimming , juycinesse , tincture , communication of colour , sharpning of iron , attraction and repulsion of the same , figure , quantity , helps , and hurts of Fossils , by which they differ in general . Now more particularly .

1. Earths , which are fossil bodies , which irrigated by humidity , are first softened into a lutum , & with more moisture become liquid ; and the matter of the fossil is a terrene exhalation , concrete with an adjunct aqueous vapour ; and they Differ by the variety of exhalations , heat , place , & mixture & are generated betwixt stones , caves , veines , fibres , fountaines , channels , ditches , and plaines , &c. they differ in simplicity and composition , and it's Light if aereal , Binding if aqueous , Sharp if igneous , and complex if more compound : the simple vary by fatnesse , leannesse , rarity , thicknesse , or meannesse , softnesse , hardnesse , as in a mean ; and as smooth , rough or mean : and they are Fat , when being moist they are concocted by temperate heat ; Clammy , when with much humidity , heat hath concocted them to a fat spissitude ; Thick when the humour is mixt , & a dry heat hath condensed it by concoction , or cold hath condensed it ; 't is Light from air , Rough from an inequability of the matter ; Liquability is from humidity first concocted , and after constringed by cold ; & they burn , if having a fat humour ; also the fat and glutinous being airy , make a noise in water , and the contrary . As for colour , they are white , black , luteous , red , purple , green , ceruleous , ash coloured , or fuscous : the compound earth is metallik , when a metallik juyce spread on the earth doth combine by cold , and the earth is not changed , and it is like gold , silver , brasse , lead , or iron ; it 's Lapidose , when a clammie and brittle earth are mixed , and heat hath concocted them , and it 's saxeous , marmoreous , lapideous , glareous , sabulous , sandy , calculous , or gemmose ; it 's succous , to which concreat juyces are adjunct , & they differ as salt , & sulphureous , &c. & the more cōpound are made of more . As for their taste , it 's astringent , if cold constringeth it moistned in water , before much heat hath well concocted it , or an astringent humour being imbibed ; but being relax't with heat , it becoms sweet if humid ; with more heat it 's made salt ; and bitter if more extenuated and elaborated by a dry heat ; and it 's acid , acerb , or austere , by such juyce imbibed . The odour , if stinking , shews a metallick mixture , and the Fragrant are rare : if Fat it 's good for plaisterers , & husbandmen if solute ; for potters if fat and thick ; for fullers if fat & sharp ; for Physitians if astringent , & then it 's cold , it 's hot if sharp , and emplastick if purely fat ; for painters if Lean or in a mean , and for carpenters ; and for barbers if abstersive . And in generall , all earth cooleth , stoppeth , and shutteth ; but in particular as to medicine , some resist poyson , as the Armenian , and that of Lemnos ; others Bind , as oker , smopick and fabrile rubrick , also earth of eretria , samos , chios , selenusia , and even all earths : some Discuss , as the ampelite , fullers , and testae fornaciae ; others Clense , as that of Melos , &c.

2. Mettalls , which are fossil bodies , hard , that may be melted by the fire , consistent in their own nature , and malleable ; their remote matter is vapour , and the proximate , sulphur and quick-silver ; their common affections are , congelability , solidity in all , but quick-silver having an aqueous humidity , liquability , ductibility , having an aqueous vapour , well mixed , therefore gold is most ductile , ponderosity , being compact , but gold most ; their tast is acute , being sulphureous ; and they are all foetid in smel , but gold least , and all but it , are combustible , and they are 6 in number . Of these with their excrements , as to medicine , some alter the body as conservant , by a manifest quality , and are either Temperate as gold ; or intemperate , and are either Hot and Dry 2° . as iron , and crocus martis ; 3° . as the flower of brasse , burnt brasse , the squams thereof , it 's rust , diphryges , and chalcite ; 4° . as misy , sory , chrysocolla and melanteria ; or Cold 2° . as the filings of silver , its spume , lead , burnt lead , washed lead , the dust of lead , cerusse , and plumbage : also some are A●tringent , as cadmia , tutty , pompholyx , spodium , antispodium , and verdigrease ; others Glutinate and cicatrize , as washed lead , and burnt brasse ; others Corrupt , as the spume of silver , and cerusse .

3. Semi-mettals , &c. which are mineral bodies , neere in nature unto mettals . Of them , some are Hot and Dry 2° . as sinople ; others are Cold , 1° . as stibium , and 2° . as quicksilver ; some Bind , as sinople ; others Glew and cicatrize , as stibium , and others Corrupt the body , as quicksilver , &c.

4. Salts , which are concrete juyces , and of all the chiefe , begotten of what is humid , with a terrestrial exhalation , adust by heat , but not decoct ; and it 's either natural or factitious , and both caused by the concoction of humors or exsiccation thereof , & it 's marine , stagnatick fluvial , pureal , fontane , arenary , ammoniack , bituminous , montane , lignary or carbonary , or terrene ; and according to qualities , red , white , rufous , purple , shining , croceous , translucid , odorate , sharp , dry , pure , adulterate , hard , soft , fossil , sweet , bitter , or florid , the Sarmatick which is pellucid is white ; and the fossil black ; that is Black that is made of wood , the spanish fossil is pellucid ; the dryer , the salter it is ; the ammoniack is unpleasāt ; the sodomine is Bitter , the Arabian is Odorate ; the fossil is more Thick ; the marine and lakish , lesse , and those are of thin parts that are made of salt water ; the Sarmatick and gemm salt is Quadrangular , and the white indian is Piramidal . The tarentine was most used in physick , and the Humid for meat , but the Dry preserveth it longest . The Fossil is strongest , which is white , pellucid , thick and equal ; and of the marine , the thick , white and equal . Of salts , as to medicine , some are Hot 1° . as flos salis ; others 3° . as alum , salt , nitre ; and some 4° . as vitriol ; some Bind , as vitriol , and alum ; others Glutinate and cicatrize , as alum , which worketh also by an Occult quality .

5. Sulphurs , which are the fat of the earth , which is concocted by moderate heat , and joyned together , having in it aire and fire ; therefore they are easily inflamed , especially Naphth , being more fiery and the flower of bitumen , as the luteous sulphur is of the rest ; but Auripigment and Sandaracha arise of a fat and sulphureous juyce mixed with a sharp earth , and when burnt yeeld a certain sulphureous fatnesse , and seem sharp to the taste . It 's begotten , where mettal is , it being the Father thereof ; it 's quick , & native , or factitious boiled out of water , or with squamms of iron till thick , which makes the caballine , and it 's of a hot and dry nature , citrine or white colour usually , dry , of a fattish unpleasant taste , and smell , of a different fatnesse , rarity , and levity , and the Fossil is usually dugg up in knobs ; and of Sulphurs , as to medicine , some are Hot as brimstone , parmacity , and sweet amber ; some Bind , as amber citrine ; and others Mollify , as asphalt , bitumen , naphth , and pissasphalt , &c. and some worke by an occult quality , as bitumen , &c.

6. Stones , which are dry fossil bodies and hard , which are not mollified by water in a long time , but may be burned by the fire , and may so be powdered ; and the matter of those that are not perspicuous , is earth , having a mixture of what is humid , unctuous , & viscid ; but of the perspicuous , that which is aqueous & humid with a mixture of a most subtile terrene exhalation , which is very dry , & caused by a mineral vertue , by heat persistent in a terrene matter and tenacious humour , and cold consistent in an aqueous substance , and terrene having it's superfluous humidity pressed out , and that in divers places : and the colours , of the perspicuous , arise from much matter of water and air , which apprehended by the terrene is congregated and congealed , as in the christall , berill , and diamond ; of the Black , frō burnt earth ; the Red is when an incended thin fume is spread upon a perspicuous luminare ; the Yellow from a perspicuous substance , with which is mixed a subtile terrene combust exhalation ; the Sparkling and Ceruleous is caused by a lucid perspicuum , with a superinduced thin , and a mean aqueous incended vapour , as in the topaz , chrysoprase , & chrysolite ; and the Green , as the emerald and chrysolite , though of a diverse viridity , yet it 's caused by an aqueous perspicuum with a terrestriall much adust . As for the hardnesse of stones , it ariseth from siccity , caused by heat evaporating the humidity , and a most cold siccity vehemently apprehending the humid perspicuum , and pressing out the moisture thereof , and so hardening , as in perspicuous stones . The porosity ariseth from the evill mixture of the humid part with the terrene . As for Gemms , they are pretious stones , and as to their colour , some are Green , as the emerald , chalcosmaragdus , prasius , berill , chrysoberil , chrysoprase , jasper , topaz , callaica , molochites , beliotropius , sagda , myrrhites , melichlores ; others Red , as the coral , onyx , sardonyx , hematite , amber , and lyncurius ; some Purple , as the amethist , sapphire , jacinth , hyacinthizon , amethistizon , chelidonia , cyamea , and roditis ; others White , as perls , paederus , asterites , galactites , galaxia , solis gemma , selenites , cynoedia , belioculus , epimelas , and exebenus ; the Black are achates , absyctus , egyptilla , medea , veientana , baroptis , mesomelas , dionysia , piritis ; others Chrystalline , the chrystall , diamond , galatias , ceraunius , iris , astrion , alectoria , enhydros , carbuncle , antracites , sandactrus , lychnites , carchedonius , alabandina , draconites , chrisoprase , phlegontis , syrtites , ermiscion ; the Golden , are the chrysophis , chrysolite , chrysalectrus , chrysolampis , ammochrysus , leucochrysos , melichrysos , chrysocolla , argirites , androdamas , chalcites , chalcophonos , balanites , sideritis , ideus dactylus , aethiopicus , zmilacis , haephaestitis , ostracites , and glossopetra ; the Various are , panchus , olea , mitrax , droselitus , opalus , pontica , hexecontalithos , and murrhina . As for medicine , amongst stones some are pretious , and alter by a manifest first quality ; and so some are Cold 1° . as jacynth , sapphire , and the emerald ; 2° . the rubie , carbuncle , granate , and sardonius , &c. and 4° . the diamond ; others alter by a manifest second quality , as the bezoar stone , jacynth , sapphire , emerald , carbuncle , granate , sardonius , and amethyst , in amulets , &c. and some Occultly , as the bezoar stone , topaz , snake stone , toad stone , emerald , alectorius , chalcedonius , amethyst , sapphir , jasper , nephritick stone , and lapis tiburonum , &c. others are lesse pretious , and alter by a manifest first quality , and so are Hot , as the hematite , fier stone , asian stone , thyites , smyris , and cleaving stone , &c. or Cold , as chrystal , phrygian stone , and samian , &c. or Dry as sand , &c. others by a second quality ; so some Bind , as the asian stone , naxeus , geodes , and pumice stone , &c. others Mollify , as the alabastrites , gagates , and thracian stone , &c. Some Stupify , as the memphites , jasper , and ophites ; others are Abstersive , as the arabian stone , &c. some Glutinate , as the galactites , and melites ; others Cicatrize , as the morochtus , &c. some Break the stone , as the lynx stone , jews stone , and spunge stone ; others Retain the foetus , as the eagle stone , and jasper ; some Provoke the menses , as the ostracites ; and others serve as Amulets , as the selenites , amianth , and myexis ; and some act Occultly , as the spongites , chelidonius , load stone , fishes stone , snaile stone , vulture stone , merlucius , lyncurius , coral , gagates , eagle stone , crabs stone , amber , and chrystall , &c. others Purge thick humours , as the load stone , or melancholick , as the armenian stone , and cyaneus , or lapis Lazuli , &c. here Note that waters flowing by any of these minerals retain their nature , as the salt , nitrous , aluminous , sulphureous , bituminous , ferreous , aureous , cupreous , and gypseous , &c. Of the aforesaid Minerals , some are Solar , as solar sealed earth , gold , solar antimony , amber , eagle-stone , carbuncle , chrysolite , jacynth , and ruby . The Lunar , are white sealed earth , all that are white and green , marcasite , alum , white coral , christal , pearle , mother of pearl , amber , camphire , and parmacity . The Saturnine , are lead , antimonie , marcasite , alum , auripigment , loadstone , and all terrene things fuscous and ponderous . The Jovial , are silver , tinn , tutty , alum , coral , jacynth , emerald , green jasper , and the sapphir . The Martial , are ostiocolla , salt armoniack , all things red fiery and sulphureous , the amethist , diamond , and loadstone . The Venereal , are copper , silver , tutty , amber , beril , chrysolite , coral , corneol , calaminare , eagle-stone , emerald , lapis lazuli , and sapphir . The Mercurial , are quicksilver , silver , tinn , marcasite and the emerald ; and as for their contraries , See the contrary Planets aforesaid , concerning Animals .

Thus Reader , having performed what is promised in the Title , desiring thy health , I rest , Thine .

R. L.
Faults escaped in some few sheets .

IN the book p. 1. l. 7. r. Cluna . p. 3. l. 21. r. cold . p. 6. l. 18. therefore , d. p. 7. l. 31 Faxus r. Tassus . p. 16. l. 33. r. help . p. 42. l. 37 : magicians . p. 43. l. 5. helps scaldings . p. 81. l. 35. are hot . p. 105. l. 32. eyes . p. 110. l. 12. d. it . p. 118. l. 6. r. ribs . l. 24. d. spread upon bread with lime . p. 229. l. 22. hemlock p. 23. ● . l . 14. pani . p. 258. l. ult. in August . p. 281. l. 4. into . l. 7. weare . p. 297. l. 16. membrane . p. 301. l. ult. malleus . p. 309. l. 29. outward . p. 312. l. 22. rise . p 342. l. 26. d. it s . p 354. l. 4. syrup . p. 364. l. 13. aloeticks . p. 405. l. 25. be . p 433. l. 28. crisis or lysis . p. 459. l. 35. losse . p 466. l. 14. farfara . p 479. l 10. equina . p. 290. l. 39. magistralis . p. 512. l. 14. odorata . 513. l. ult. longè . In the second part p. 38. l. 18. balsame . p. 40. l. 8. rupeum . p. 54. l. 37. fume . p. 62. ult. new . p. 63. l. 8. Sardachates . p. 70. l. 33. lessen . l 40. if laid . p. 79. l. 2. it s own . p. 84. l. ult. from . The rest the Reader may be pleased to mend with his pen. A Direction for such Abbreviations as are used . P. place . M. meat . p. second , matter . N. name . T. temperature . V. vertues . H. hurts . C. choice . Ib. a pound , unc . an ounce , drach. a dram , scrup. a scruple , gr. a grain , ob . obolus . an . p. aeq . a like . sem. halfe . 1° . 2° . 3° . 4° . in the 1. 2. 3. or 4th degree . q. s . a sufficient quantity .

A CATALOGVE Of Authors , as they are cited in the Panzoologie , with the explication thereof . A. ABsyrt . Absyrtus . Actuar . Actnarius . Aeg. Aeginaeta . Aelian . Aelianus . Aesculap . Aesculapius . Aet . Aetius . Afric . Africanus . Aggreg . Aggregator . Agric. Agricola . Albert. Albertus . Albuc . Albucasis . Alex. Ben. Alexander Benedictus . Alex. Julius Alexandrinus . Aldrov . Aldrovandus . Alpin . Prosper Alpinus . Amat . Amarus Lusitanus . Ambros . Ambrosinus . Anatol. Anatolius . Andern . Andernacus . Anon. Anonymus . Ant. Mus. Antonius Musa . Apic. Apicius . Apollon Apollonius . Apon . Petrus Aponensis . Arab. Arabum . Archest . Archestratus . Archig . Archigenes . Archip. Archippus . Ardoyn . Ardoynus . Aret. Aretaeus . Arnold . Arnoldus . Asclep . Asclepias . Athen. Athenaeus . Aver . Averroes . Augustin . D. Augustinus . Avic . Avicenna . Auson . Ausonius . B. BAc . Baccius . Bapt. Fier . Baptista Fiera . Bapt. Port. Baptista Porta . Barth . Ang. Bartholomaeus Anglus . Banh . Banhinus . Begu . Beguinus . Bellon . Bellonius . Bell. Bellunensis . Bertrut . Bertrutius . Blond . Blondus . Bont . Bontius . Boter . Boterius . Bras . Brasavolus . Brendel . Brendelius . Brunsfels . Brunsfelsius . Bruyer . Bruyerinus . C. Cael. Aurel. Caelius Aurelianus . Cael. Rhod. Caelius Rhodiginus . Calep. Calepinus . Camerar . Camerarius . Card. Cardanus . Car. Bovill . Carolus Bovillus . Cato . M. Cato . Cay . Dr. Cay . Cels . Celsus . Chain . Chainus . Chald. Chaldaeorum . Cog. M. Cogan . Columb . Columbus . Columel . Columella . Column . Columura . Constant . Constantinus . Cord. Cordus . Crat. Crato . Cresc . Crescentius . Croll . Crollius . D. DAmoc . Damocrates . Demet. Constantinop . Demetrius Constantinopolitanus . Diocl. Diocles. Diod. Diodorus . Dionys. Miles . Dionysius Milesius . Diosc . Dioscorides . Diph. Diphilus . Donat. ab Alto mar . Donatus ab Alto mari . Dor. Dorion . Dubrav . Dubravius . Dur. Durandus . Durant . Durantes . E. ELluchas . Elluchases . Empir . Empiricus . Encel. Encelius . Epaenet . Epaenetus . Epicharm . Epicharmus . Eumel . Eumelus . Evon . Evonymus . F. FAb . Faber . Fav . Faventinus . Fernel . Fernelius . Fest. Festus . Ficin. Ficinus . Florent . Florentinus . Forest . Forestus . Fracast . Fracastorius . Freitag . Freitagius . Fumanel . Fumanellus Furner . Furnerus . G. GAdald . Gadaldinus . Gall. Gallorum . Gal. Galenus . Garc. Garcias . Gariopont . Gariopontus . Gassend . Gassendus . Gattinar . Gattinaria . Gaz. Gazius . Geopon . Geoponicus . Gesn . Gesnerus . Gilbert . Gilbertus . Gil. Gillius . Gluckr . Gluckradr . Gord. Gordonius . Grapald . Grapaldus . Griuner . Griunerus . Guain . Guainerius . Gyrald . Gyraldus . H. HAl . Haly. Hartm . Hartmannus . Heb. Hebraeorum . Hemelberg . Hemelbergius . Helmont . Helmontius . Heraclid . Heraclides . Hermol . Hermolaus . Herod . Herodotus . Her . Herus . Hess . Hessus . Hesych . Hesychius . Hices . Hicesius . Hieroc . Hierocles . Hieron . D. Hieronymus . Hippiat . Hippiatri . Hipp. Hippocrates . Hisp . Hispanorum . Holler . Hollerius . I. JAc. Olivar . Jacobus Olivarius . Joh. de Vigo . Johannes de Vigo . Jonst . Jonstonus . Jos. Michaël . Josephus Michaelis . Joub . Joubertus . Jov. Jovius . Is . Isaac . Isid. Isidorus . Ital. Italorum . Jun. Junius . K. KEntman . Kentmannus . Kief . Kiefer . Kiran. Kiranides . Kircher . Kircherus . Kusn . Kusnerus . L. LAnfrank . Laurenb . Laurenbergius . Laur. Val. Laurentius Valla. Lemn . Lemnius . Leonel . Leonellus . Libav . Libavius . Lib. Germ. Liber Germanicus . Linschot . Linschotten . Lonic . Lonicerus . Lul . Lullius . Lum . Ma. Luminare Majus . M. MAc . Macasius . Manard . Manardus . Marcel . Marcellus . Marian. Marianus . Marcgrav . Marcgravius . Mart. Martialis . Mas. Massarius . Matth. Matthiolus . Med. destil . Medulla destillatoria . Mercurial . Mercurialis . Merul. Gaudentius Merula . Mesarug . Mesarugie . Mes. Mesue . Minsh . Minsheu . Mizald. Mizaldus . Mon. in Mes. Monachi in Mesuem . Montag . Montagnana . Montu . Montuus : Mnesith . Mnesitheus . M. SS. Liber Manuscriptus . Muff. Muffet . Mundell . Mundellus . Munst . Munsterus . Mus. Musa . Myreps . Myrepsus . N. NEmes . Nemesianus . Nicand . Nicander . Nic. Mass . Nicolaus Massa . Non. Nonnus . O. OBscur . Obscurus . Ol. Mag. Olaus Magnus . Olivar . Olivarius . Olymp. Olympias . Oppian . Oppianus . Oribas . Oribasius . Ornithol . Ornithologus : Orph. Orpheus . Osthan . Osthanes . Oswald . Oswaldus . Ovid. Ovidius . P. PAllad. Palladius . Pandect , Pandectarius . Par. Paraeus . Paul . Paulus . Paul . Ven. Paulus Venetus . Peiresc . Peirescius . Pelag. Pelagonius . Petr. Petraeus . Pet. Apon . Petrus Aponensis . Philag . Philagrius . Phil. Phile. Philost . Philostratus . Philot. Philotimus . Physiol . Physiologus . Pictor . Geo. Pictorius . Pithag . Pithagoras . Platear . Platearius . Platin. Platina . Plin. Plinius . Pol. Pollux . Polyd. Polydorus Virgilius . Pon. Pona . Ponzet . Ponzettus . Porphyr . Porphyrius . Poter . Poterius . Propert. Propertius . Prosp. Alp. Prosper Alpinus . Psel . Psellius . Q. Querc . Quercetanus . R. RAb . Moys . Rabby Moyses . Ranz . Ranzovius . Reisch . Reischius . Renod. Renodaeus . Rhas . Rhases . Rod. à Cast. Rodericus à Castro . Rondel . Rondeletius . Ros. Anglic. Rosa Anglica . Ruel . Ruellius . Ruff. Ruffus . Rus . Rusius . Ryff . Ryffius . S. SAlern . Salernitani . Salv. Salvianus . Savon . Savonarola . S. Barolitan . Sanctus Barolitanus . Scalig. Scaliger . Scap. Scappius . Schrod . Schroderus . Schwenckf . Schwenckfeld . S. Closs . S. Clossaeus . Scrib. Larg . Scribonius Largus . Script . de nat. rer. Scriptor de naturâ rerum . Sen. Sennertus . Serap . Serapio . Seren. Q. Serenus Samonicus . Sest. Sestius . Sever. Severus . Sext. Sextus . Simoc. Simocratus . Sipont . Sipontinus . Solin . Solinus . Soran. Soranus . Strab. Strabo . Stumpf. Stumpfius . Sylvat . Sylvaticus . Sylv. Sylvius . Sym. Seth. Symeon Sethi . Syr. Syrorum . T. TAgault . Tagaultius . Tarentin . Tarentinus . Tentzel . Tentzelius . Theomn . Theomnestus . Theoph. Theophrastus . Timoth. Timotheus . Tops . Topsel . Trag. Tragus . Tral . Trallianus . Trot. Trotula . Turneb . Turnebus . Tzetz . Tzetzes . V. VAleriol . Valeriola . Varig . Varignana . Var. Varro . Vartoman . Vartomannus . Veget. Vegetius . Villan . Villanovanus . Vincent . Vincentius Bell●●censis . Vital . de Furn. Vitalis de Furno . Volateran . Volateranus . Voss . Vossius . Ursin . Ursinus . W. WEck . Weckerus . Weikard . Weikardus . Wier . Wierus . Wotton . Wottonus . X. XEnoc . Xenocrates . Xen. Xenophon . Z. Zacut. Zacutus Lusitanus :
Authors cited in the Pammineralogie . A. ABraham . med. Lus . Abrahamus medicus Lufitanus . Abulens . Abulensis . Acost . Acosta . Aet . Aetius . Agric. Agricola . Albert. Mag. Albertus Magnus . Alcas . Alcasar . Aldrovand . Aldrovandus . Alex. Ped. Alexius Pedemontanus . Alvar. Torr. Alvarus Torres . Amat . Amatus . Ambros . Ambrosius . Andern . Andernacus . Anon. Anonymus . Anselm . Anselmus . Anton. Antonius Londinensis . Ardoyn . Ardoynus . Aret. Aretas . Aristot . Aristoteles . Arnold . Arnoldus . Avenz . Avenzoér . Aver . Averroës . Augen . Augenius . August . Augustinus . Avic . Avicenna . B. BAcc . Baccius . Baco . Rogerius Baco . Barb. Barbari . Barth . Ang. Bartholomaeus Anglus . Basil . Basilius . Bauh . Bauhinus . Bayer . Bayerus . Begu . Beguinus . Berchor . Berchorius . Bicker . Bickerus . Boër . Boëtius . Bov. Bovius . Bras . Brasavolus . Brud . Brudus Lusitanus . C. CCaesalp . Caesalpinus . Caes . Caesius . Calep. Calepinus . Callist. Callistratus . Campeg . Campegius . Cardan . Cardanus . Cato . M. Cato . Caus . Causinus . Chain . Chainus . S. Closs . S. Clossaeus . Conciliat . Conciliator . Constant . Constantinus . Corn. à Lap. Cornelius à Lapide . Crat. Crato . Croll . Crollius . D. DIomed . Diomedes . Diosc . Dioscorides . D. Lond. Dispensatorium Londinense . E. ENcel . Encelius . Epiphan. S. Epiphanius . Erast . Erastus . Eustach . Eustachius . F. FAb . Faber . Fabric . Fabricius . Fallop . Fallopius . Fernel . Fernelius . Ficin. Ficinus . Fink . Finkius . Fierov . Fierovant . Florent . Florentinus . Forest . Forestus . Fornes . Fornesius . Fragos . Fragosus . Fren. French . Fuch . Fuchsius . G. GAl. Galenus . Garz. Garzias . Gebelch . Gebelchoverus . Gesn . Gesnerus . Glauber . Glauberus . Gluckr . Gluckradt . Greg. Nyff. Gregorius Nyssenus . Guain . Guainerius . H. HArtm . Hartmannus . Helv. Helvicus Dictericus . Heurn . Heurnius . Hieron . S. Hieronymus . Hippoc. Hippocrates . Holler . Hollerius . Horning . Horningius . Horst . Horstius . I. IOdoc . Jodocius . Jordan . Jordanus . Isid. Isidorus . Jun. Junius . K. KEll . Kellerus . Kesl . Keslerus . Kirch . Kircherus . L. LAcun . Lacuna . Langel . Langelot . Lapidar . Lapidarius . Lemn . Lemnius . Linscot . Linscottus . Lonic . Lonicerus . M. MAiol . Maiolus . Manl. Manlius . Marbod . Marbod●●u● Mauritan . Mauritanus . Matth. Matthiolus . Mercat . Mercatus . Mercur. Mercurialia . Merul. Merula . Minsh . Minsheu . Mizald. Mizaldus . Monard . Monard●● . Montan. Montanus . Montu . Montuus . Muff. Muffetus . Mull. Mullerus . Myl. Mylius . Mynsicht . Mynsichtus . O. OFfic . Officinarum . Oribas . Oribasius . Orthol . Orthelius . P. PAncirol . Pancirollus . Paracels . Paracelsus . Par. Paraeus . Patrit . Patritius . Penot . Penotus . Perer. Pererius . Pet. de Osma . Petrus de Osma . Pet. de Spin. Petrus de Spina . Phaedr . Phaedro . Pier. Pierius . Plin. Plinius . Popp. Poppius . Port. Portus . Poter . Poterius . Q. Quere . Querceranus . R. RAb . Moys . Rabbi Moyses . Rauwolf . Rauwolfius . Renod. Renodaeus . Rhas . Rhases . Rhenan . Rhenanus . Rib. Ribera . Rich. Richardus . River . Riverius . Rod. à Cast. Rodericus à Castro . Ru. Rueus . Ruland . Rulandus . Ryff . Ryffius . S. SAl . Angelus Sala . Salmoth . Salmuthus . Sar. Saracenus . Saxon. Saxonia . Scal. Scaliger . Scheun . Scheunmannus . Schrod . Schroderus . S. Closs . S. Clossaeus . Schol. Salem . Schola Salernitana . Senn. Sennertus . Serap . Serapio . Solinand . Solinander . Solin . Solinus . Strab. Strabo . Sylvat . Sylvaticus . T. TEntzel . Tentzelius . Theoph. Theophrastus . Thevet . Thevetus . Thold . Tholdius . Tileman . Tilemannus . V. VVales . Valesius . Vieg . Viegas . Villanov . Villanovanus . Vincent . Vincentius . Vitruv. Vitruvius . Untz. Untzerus . W. WEck . Weckerus . Wirtz . Wirtzius . Wittich . Wittichius . Z. Zanard . Zanardus .
TETRAPODOLOGIA . Of fourfooted Beasts .
A.
Ape . Simia . Place . In Libya , Mauritania , and the Indies : in Caves . Meat . Apples and Nuts . Jonst . Herbs and Wheat . Name . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Koph . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Jonst . Clunas .

APe . Rhas . T. The flesh is cold and austere , also it generareth bad humours . V. Gesn . being baked and drunk , sc. the heart thereof in the q. of drach. 1. with Melicrat strengthneth the heart , and increaseth its acrimony and audacity . It helps pusillanimity and the beating of the heart : it whetteth the understanding , and helps the falling sicknesse . Seren. The biting thereof is helped by betony drunk in pure Wine , or the rind of a Radish being applied . Sext. So the gall of a Bull : Avic . as also those things that draw out poyson , sc. a cataplasme with ashes , Vineger , Honey and an Onion ; and the root of Fennell ; or with bitter Almonds , and unripe Figgs , or litharge with salt . The Apostume thence is cured by litharge and Water : and may be opened with Nigella , and Honey , the same also may be drunk , as also leeks . Ponzet . Beans chewed help the same , and Goats dung , fod in Vineger and applied , betony and plantain being drunk in old Wine . Tops . An Ape eaten by the Lyon cureth his diseases . They are taken with heavy shooes , having gins in them ; by breeches , or Lime water , imitating those that use them . Jonst . Also they are made drunk by Wine . As for the description it is needlesse . They generate about the vernall Equinoctiall , and summer solstice , and bring forth two young ones , of which they love onely one : They are friends to the Crow , & Conies : to the Cock , Tortise , Torpedo , and Snailes they are enemies , and troublesome to the Lyons . They long remember injuries : they are very peart in the new of the Moon , and sad in the conjunction .

Asse . Asinus . P. In Italy , France , Germany , Greece , and England , &c. M. Any food , so Tzetzes . Columel . Aldrov . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Chamor . Ason . The wild , Onager .

Asse . Gesn . T. the flesh is of very bad juice , hardly concocted , hurtfull to the stomach , and unpleasant to the eater ; as also those of Horses and Camels . V. The Milk is most temperate , next to that of Women and of Goats , next to it is that of sheep and cowes . Archig . Philag . All Milk is bad for the stone , except that of Asses , which is of a most thinne substance , and dissolving faculty . Therefore it wonderfully helpeth the swellings and nodes of the joynts , which are in Children caused by use of corrupted Milk , making them plain and smooth . So a Hemina thereof being drunk in the morning after walking by those that have the stone helpeth them being constantly used , and is excellent to preserve from the same . So Aet . Milk with Honey helps suppurated reines , especially that of the Asse , or Mare : cleansing ulcers , after which the acrimonie being removed , to cause nutrition that of the Cow is to be taken in a double q. Milk from the Cow , Asse and Mare are most agreeable to the belly , but trouble it , so Diosc . It 's most purged by the Mares , then the Asses , lastly the Cowes and Goats , so Var. The young Asse groweth best when bred by Mares Milk . Plin. The sweetest Milk is that of the Camel , and the Asses the most wholsome , or effectuall . The Milk of the Cow is the fattest , that of Sheep and Goats lesse fat , and the Asses least , and is therefore very seldome coagulated in the body , being taken fresh and hot , neither can it if Salt and Honey bee added thereto ; for the same cause it looseneth the belly more , having more serum and lesse of the caseous , or cheesy matter , so Gal. therefore it as also Mares Milk descendeth sooner , being the thinnest of Milks ; yet Pliny affirmes the same of that of Camels and Mares . Marc. Plin. A little of the water being drunke , of which the Cow or Asse hath drunke , doth effectually help the headach . Plin. Vnc. Sem. of the dryed brain of an Asse being drunk daily in water and Honey helps the Epilepsie in 30. daies . Plin. The Ephemera feaver is cured by 3 drops taken from an Asses eare , being caused to bleed , in two hemina's of water ; also the lungs burnt drive away venomous creatures . Haly , being powdered and drunk it helpeth the cough , and shortnesse of breath . Plin. the heart of a black male Asse , being eaten with bread , helpeth the falling sicknesse ; so the liver being taken fasting ; so Diosc . Plin. so mixed with a little alheale , and dropped into the mouth , for 40. daies together . Marcel . Plin. Being dry , powdered with stone parsley , two parts , and 3. of walnuts , and taken with hony , fasting , it helps the hepatick . Avic . The powder thereof with oile , helps botches , and chops caused by could , with that of the flesh , which Rhas . and Diosc . attribute to the powder of the hoofe . Plin. The old spleen of an Asse helps the vices of the spleen , most effectually in 3. daies ; so Marcel . Sext. The spleen powdered and applied with Water , causeth Milk in the breasts , Plin. and burnt helps the womb . Rhas . The alcohol of an Asses spleen , with Bears grease and oile , mixed to the consistence of honey , and applied , causeth haire on the eye-browes . Their old reines powdered and given in wine , help the bladder , and restraine the flux of urine ; so Plin. Marcel . and the strangury . Plin. The Ashes of the genital thicken the haire , and help hoarines , applied after shaving , with lead and oile . Osthan . The right stone of an Asse causeth venery , being drunk in wine or worne : so the foame taken in a red cloth , or inclosed with silver ; so the ashes of the genitall . Plin. The stones being kept with salt , powdered , and put upon drink , Asses milk , or water help the falling sicknesse . The gall , as also that of the Bull used in water helps spots in the face , the sunne and winds being shunned after the coming off of the skinne . The bloud helps the flux of bloud from the tunicle of the braine , which Diosc . attributes to that of cocks . 3. or 4. drops of the same drunk in wine help quotidian agues , Plin. and the epilepsie if of a young Asse . Diosc . The fat maketh cicatrices of the colour of the body ; so Plin. or removeth them . Also if old it helps exulcerations of the matrix , and in a pessary mollifieth its hardnesse , and with water is a psilothron , Rhas . anointed in a warme place it helpeth the falling sicknesse , so the marrow . Plin. And helps the Scab . The fat helps S. Anthonies fire : the leprosy and adustion by the sun ; applied with goose grease , it causeth venery . Sext. It helps the fundament . Plin. The skin used prevents the fear of infants . The bones decocted help against the poyson of the Sea hare , the ashes of the hoofe being drunk for a month in the q. of two spoonfuls helpe the epilepsy . With oile they helpe botches , and the dry powder helps kibes , as also creeping ulcers . The suffumigation thereof hastens the birth , though abortive , and killeth if living . The ashes thereof with the milk , applied helpe cicatrices of the eies , and white spots , or with womens milk . The white ring thereof prevents the epilepsie , as that of the Elke . The lichens applied with oile cause haire in a bald place ; applied with vineger it helps the lethargy . It helps the heavinesse of the head , arising from any cause , the powder being used with vinegar . So Marcel . The flesh taken with broth helps the phthisick , and in Achaia many use it for the same purpose , so Plin. Marcel . The milk of Asses being drunk with hony doth easily and without hurt loosen the belly . Diosc . Asses milk doth fasten the teeth , and gums being washed therewith , or the powder of the teeth : For it is not only harmelesse to the teeth , but helpful by the tenuity and abstersion . Plin. The old stones of a Ram being powdered and drunk in water , in the q. of an halfe penny , or 3. quarters of a pint of Asses milk helpe the falling sicknesse , abstaining from the drinking of wine three daies before and after , so Plin. So also the curd of a Sea calf , with Mares or Asses milk , or the juyce of a pome granat , mulled vinegar , of taken in pills . Gal. The milk , given after a bath helps the tabes . Plin. It helps the phthisick , being drunk warme with hony and water ; also being drunk it helps the paine of the duggs , and with hony helps the purgation of women . It helps the exulceration of the stomach , so that of the cow : or three oboli of birthwort or agarick , drunk in hot water , or Asses milk : with as much aniseed as can be taken up with three fingers , and as much henbane , it helpeth the orthopnoea . It is also commended against the cough , extenuation , spitting of bloud , dropsy , and hardnesse of the spleene . H. Yet it hurts a weak head ; and such as are troubled with the vertigo , or ringing of the eares : also it helps against gypsum , cerusse and sulphur , quicksilver , and costivenesse in feavers . Being gargled it helps the exulceration of the jawes , and drunk helps the atrophy , and feaver that is without the headach . Being given to children before meat , it hindreth corrosion . It helpeth the coeliack , and the dysentery with hony . Being drunk it helps the tenesmus , so that of the cow . It helpeth the gout in the hands or feet , so the Serum . Honyed water therewith helpeth against henbane . It resisteth poyson , especially that of henbane , misseltoe , chameleon , hemlock , sea hare , juyce of carpathum , dorychnium , or pharicum , or curdling , being used fresh . Crabfishes being poudered and drunk in water , or the ashes help against all poyson , especially against the wounds of Scorpions being taken in Asses milk , Goats , or any other , with wine . As also ruptures and convulsions . It whiteneth the skin in women , ( therefore it was used by Poppea , the wife of Domitius Nero for that purpose , who kept many Asses for that use , ) it extending the skinn , making it tender and removing wrinkles . The urine of an Asse helps gallings by the shooe , the itch , and scabbed nailes . As also the leprosie and scales , or scurse , about the rising of the Dog starre ; so Plin. Diosc . Being drunk it helps those that are nephritick . Plin. The same with S. Katharines flower helpeth all violences and suppurations ; as also swellings and impostumes . It helpeth earing and moist ulcers . The urine of a young Asse applied with spicknard , helpeth blasting . The same thickneth the haire . Marcel . It helpeth cornes , and brawny flesh . Plin. The fresh dung of an Asse being dropped into the ears with the oile of roses luke warme , helpeth the dulnesse of hearing . Marcel . The juyce thereof , with squills pounded , and as much cows fat , being applied as a cerot , helps ulcers of the head , that quickly do arise . Diosc . Both the dung of Asses and Horses , whether crude or burned , with vineger helpeth eruptions of bloud . Plin. So if applied dry to the nostrils , or any other part , if fresh . Rhas . So the juyce with wine applied with cotton . A plaister thereof applyed to the forehead helpeth fluxions . Diosc . Their dry dung when at grasse , dissolved in wine and drunk , helpeth against the bitings of the Scorpion . Plin. The ashes of the dung drunk in wine helpe the coeliack , and those troubled with the dysentery . And if of one newly brought forth , being given with mulled vineger , it helps the vices of the spleen also . The decoction mightily helpeth the colon . The quantity of a bean being taken in wine helpeth the jaundise in three daies ; so also that of a young colt . The ashes of an Asses dung applied with butter helpeth the eruptions of phlegme . The membrane of the yong , especially if a male , being smelled to helpeth the falling sicknesse . Plin. The wild Asse T. is of worse nourishment than the common . Gal. The flesh is like that of the hart , bull , or sheep , causing an evil juyce , and being hardly concocted . Plin. V. The milk and bones , are more effectual against poysons . The stone which ariseth out of the urine when killed helpeth impostumes : The same being worne by women helps suppurations . The gall doth asswage the signes of abscesses , being applied : Also it is mixed with plaisters against S. Anthonies fire , which it is affirmed to cure , especially it cureth the elephantiasis , and varices : The fat with oile of costus , helpeth the paine of the reines and back , which are caused by thick humours : And the spots of the skinne . so Avic . The flesh helpeth against the paine of the back bone , and hipps , so Rhas . Avic . The flesh applied with oile , sc. that of the back , helpeth aking parts ; so Avic . Gal. Avic . The urine breaketh the stone in the bladder . Vincent . Bell. The ashes of the hoofes burned help the falling sicknes , therefore mixed with oile it dissolveth botches , and the alopecia in cataplasmes . Rhas . The marrow annointed cureth the gout , and easeth the paine . The dung mixed with the yolk of an egge , and applied to the forehead , stoppeth the fluxe of bloud , and with a Bulls gall curleth the hair . Being drunk when dry with wine it is very effectual against the hurt of Scorpions . Gal. Aldrovand . The flesh of Asses being eaten , doth infatuate , making the eater like , both in body and minde , all meats altering the temperature , and nature , and the manners naturally following the temperature of the body . As for medicine , there is scarce any other creature yeeldeth more remedies . The milk sucked out of the teats helps the tabes . Aelian . The flesh helpeth the tabes . Marcel . The hoofes serve to catch fish with . Apollon. The urine of an Asse helpeth the luxation of the uvula , and the quinsey , being given very hot . Tarentin . The dung of an Asse with the juyce of Coriander , and fine flower made into a past , is very good to catch Ruffes and Perches with . Aldrovand . Aelian . The flesh of the wild Asse is bitter . Scalig. The flesh when boiled continueth long hot , and stinketh , and being cold neither stinketh , or tasteth well . Pol. They are taken by hunting on horseback , till tired . Jonst . Hart. in Prax. The bloud used behind the ears is very good against the mania ; a clean linnen cloath being dipped into the same , and dried is used , a part thereof being steeped in spring water : The same Aelian . affirmeth of the flesh . The lichen burned , powdered and applied with old oile , is so strong in the producing of haire , that it will cause it even on the chinns of women . Savon . The urine helpeth the stench of the nostrils . The Asse also is used to carry burdens , to plow , &c. The shanks serve to make pipes of . And the chalked skinne for a palimpsestus , serving in stead of a table book : of the haire , the Arabians make a certain cloth . As for their differences and kinds , some are great , some little , some swift , and some slow &c. They are all libidinous , and bear hatred to the bird called aegithus , usually pecking the gald places of their backs , as also to the si●ken , and to hemlock amongst plants . They have a sympathy with the Scorpion and vine , and live usually 30. years . Their noise is unpleasant called braying . Their diseases are catarrhes , and the boulimie , they fear the water , yet are very thirsty . Their generation is like that of the horse . There are diverse other things concerning their moral & divine use , &c. which may be seen in Gesner . and Aldrovandus &c. But neither concerning meat or medicine , they are here omitted , and left to the further search of those that love frivolous and impertinent curiosities . Schrod . The Asse is a melancholick beast , and bringeth forth the young in twelve moneths . The hoof is used in stead of that of the elk , and is given for a moneth together , in the quantity of drach . sem . Outwardly it helps kibes , with oile ; it consolidats clefts , discusseth apostumes , and helps wefts of the eyes with womens milk , the epilepsy also , and hysterick passion is helped by the savour thereof when burned . The bloud causeth sweat , helpeth the unrulinesse of melancholy , and diseases from inchauntments , &c. As for the description it is needlesse , the beast being well knowne .

Badger . Taxus . P. In the Mountaines of Italy , Helvetia , and England . M. Of hornets , wormes , apples , grapes , conies and birds . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Tesson . Faxus . Daxus . Melo .

Badger . Platin. T. in Italy and Germany they are used in meat , and are by some much commended , some boile them with peares : they as also dormise , are not in quality much unlike the porcupine . Savon . Assimulateth them to the wild Hog . Gesn . V. Seren. The ashes thereof , as also of eggs , or Snailes , helpe the spitting of bloud from the breast . Plin. The decoction , as also of the Cuckow & Swallows , drunk helps the bitings of a mad dog . The bloud with salt being dropped into the hornes of cattel keepeth them from the plague and mortality , so Brunsfels . The liquor distilled from the bloud helpeth against the plague . MS. The fresh bloud mixed with Armenian earth , saffron , and tormentil , being powdered and kept , and taken in the quantity of a bean , with the fourth part of a golden denarius filed , preserveth from the plague : also crowfoot or spearewort may be applied under the botch . Car. Bovill . The dry bloud being powdered doth wonderfully help the leprosy . Bras . The fat doth mightily mollify . Silv. It is betwixt that of a Bull or Hogge , so that of a Dogge or Catt being more thick than that of a Hogge , and thinner than that of Bulls : and some think them more heating and digesting than the other two . Seren. It helpeth against feavers , and too much heat of the body . Aesculap . Being applied it helps those that are feaverish . Albert. It helpeth the paine of the reines . Some also use it against the Nephritick paine , stone , and other aking parts . Agric. Applied or used in a clyster it helpeth the paine of the reines . Leonel . The fat , as also that of the Fox , and wild Cat , is used by some , in arthritick remedies . Farriers use it with Dogs grease to mollify contracted sinewes . Aesculap . The braine boiled with oile cureth all griefes . Plin. The liver with water , helpeth the stinking of the mouth . Aesculap . The testicles boiled with hony cause lust . Albert. The biting is sometimes venomous , feeding upon venomous creatures , though Arnold . thinks that the hurt is more by the biting than by the poyson , as also of the Lynx , and Cat , &c. Jonst . The fat helpeth the rifts of the dugs . Weck . The oile helpeth contracted parts . Car. Bovill . The dry bloud helpeth the leprosy . The same distilled with salt , and the hornes of living creatures , is used in the plague . Lonicer distils it only in the dog dayes , the D. is drach . 2. Albert. The braine , testicles , tooth , or left foot , tyed to the arme helpes the memory ; which is frivolous . The skinnes serve to make garments , and dogs collers of . As for its Description it may be omitted , the beast being common . The generation is like that of a Fox , to which he is an enemy hee turning him out of doores , by defiling his habitation . He hath a thick skin , tender nose , and one foot shorter than the other . They are either tame or wild ; doggish , or porcine , so Schrod .

Bear . Vrsus . P. In Germany , Lithuania , Polonia and Norway , &c. M. Of any thing , also woodsorrel , and wake robin . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Dob . Arab. Dubbe . Chald. Duba .

Bear . Albert. T. is very cold , moist and pituitous . Rhas . The flesh is mucous , hard of concoction , and not praise worthy : Isaac . Also very viscous , and of very bad nutriment , rather fit for Physick , than food . H. It hurteth the liver and spleen , engendreth many excrements , and causeth nauseousnesse ; so Platin. The flesh boiled when they lye hid , and kept increaseth ; so Theoph. The fore-feet are very sweet and pleasant being in motion , and are a dish for the Gentry , so Her. in Germany . Also the fore feet being salted and hung in the chimney and eaten , are very pleasant . V. Plin. Bears bloud discusseth apostumes in any part of the body , Gal. and concocteth abscesses , as also that of Goats . The bloud helpeth hairs that grow in the eyes . The fat is used in stead of the foxes . Sylv. Of fats the Lyons is the hottest and dryest , next , that of the Pardal , then the Bears , and after the Bulls . The later Physitians mixe Bears fat in Medicines that help convulsions and resolutions , and acopons . Marcel . It taketh away spots and blewnesse . Plin. With Lilly roots it helps burning , so also used with Wax . It mollifieth and suppurateth hard tumours . Plin. It helpeth the pain of the loines , and whatsoever hath need of emollition . It helpeth the erysipelas , especially that of the reins : this as also that of the Foxe , or Bull with vine Ashes , and boiled with lie , doth attennuate all high tumours : a sope also is thus made , serving for the same purpose . With red lead it cureth ulcers in the leggs . Marcel . So with Alumme : Plin. Also kibes , and clefts in the feet . Diosc . It helps Chilblaines . Rhas . The fine powder of the spleen of an asse , with Bears grease and Oile , mixed to the thicknes of Honey causeth hair to grow on the eye browes . Diosc . Avic . Bears grease helps the alopecia ; so with the burned head of an hare and vineger . Gal. Also with the ashes of a mouse , or used after rubbing with figge leaves , or with the ashes of an hedghog . Rhas . So with the gall and a little pepper . Plin. Marcel . Seren. Also with oake balls . Plin. Or wild roses . Gal. Or ashes of the root of a reed . Marcel . or with ashes of barley , the part being first rubbed with a sharp Onion . Sext. With ladanum and old wine it helpeth the falling off of the hair , and maketh it more thick . So Marcel . Plin. So with Maidenhair , or the sout of Lamps , with wine it helpeth scurfe ; and with the ashes of a Lizard it helps the alopecia , and with the oile of Myrtle . Plin. So with salt and a stamped Onion , also it is used in diverse other prescripts , used by Galen , in his composition of remidies , Sec. Loc. Marcel . The grease with that of a Bull and wax an . Is very good against swellings behind the eares , Plin. Also some adde hypocystis . Se●en . also it helpeth the pain of the jawes : Plin. and neck as also flatulencies caused by crude phlegme , and the pain of the back ; and loines : Marcel . so with the stamped root of gladiol , and live brimstone . Plin. applied with nettle seed , and old oile it helpes diseases of the joynts ; and gout : Marcel . So with that of a Bull and Wax , an . Plin. to which some adde hypocistis , and galls . Heraclid . The ashes of the haires of the Beare mixed with their grease helpe the alopecia . Soran. with the leaves and roots of reeds burned , the burned haires of the Asse , Maidenhair , tarre , the hair of Goats burned , the rosin of Cedar , and Bears grease , an . mixed and applied , may the alopecia be cured . Aet . The skinne is useful to those that are bitten by a mad Dogg , or that of a Sea Calfe . Plin. The brain is poysonsome ; so that of a Cat. Rhas . The left eye of a Bear dryed , and hanged about the necks of Children , preventeth the fears in their sleepe . Aesculap . The eye bound to the left arme of a Man helpeth the quartan ague . Diosc . The Lungs of a Hogg , lamb , or Bear applied , defend gallings by the shoos , from inflammation : which Gal. affirmeth of the two former . Physiol . the gall of a Bear seperated from the liver , and dryed may be kept two years : Diosc . it 's lesse effectuall ( though , serving for the same purposes ) than the Bulls ; or Goats , so Gal. Seren. Bears gall drunk in warm water helpeth the body though almost frozen . Damoc. drunk 3 dayes fasting it helpeth those that are bitten by a mad Dogg . Plin. this as also that of a Boar helpeth apostumes in any parts and spots in the face . Marcel . it cureth cankers , that are about ulcers : which Plin. affirmeth of the curd of an hare being applied , & gangreens . Marcel . it helpeth the leprosy being applied every day , Rhas . being annointed with the fat , & being applied with a little pepper it helpeth the alopecia . Marcel . the gall is good against the pains of the joynts , Diosc . in a lohoch it helpeth the epilepsie . Sext. so taken in warm water : it is also commended by Arnoldus . Physiol . it is hot and dry , & helpeth the palsey . Plin. applied it helpeth suffusions of the eyes . Marcel . with that of a hyena and Hony mixed , it helpeth the dimnesse of the sight , being constantly used . Gal. It helpeth rotten teeth & the toothach being applied . Sext. being drunk in hot water , it helpeth shortnesse of breath , in a few dayes , so Marcel . Plin. drunk in water it openeth the parts for respiration . Rhas . gr. 6. being drunk with Honey and hot water help the Asthma . Plin. with Honey it helpeth the cough . Gal. Sec. Loc. there is an antidote made thereof against the hardnesse of the Liver . The q. of a Greek bean helpeth the jaundise , drinking water after it . So Gal. Eupor . Aet. a pessary thereof , as also of that of a Lyon , or Hyena , or Bull sc. of the vesicle filled with the narde ointment , Flowerdeluce , Rosate , and Honey an . melted together on coals helpeth the conception , being used after the purgation of the menses , before copulation . Rhas . the Gall being bound upon the left thigh , causeth strength in venery without damage . Plin. with fat it helpeth the vices of the fundament ; some adde the spume of silver , and frankincense . Rhas . gr. 6. drunk with Honey and hot water help the Hemorrhoids . Plin. the testicles help the falling sicknesse . Myrepsus , maketh a suffumigation thereof with other things against the Epilepsie . Marcel . the Milk as also that of a bitch when fresh dropped into the eares , helpeth the pain thereof : as for the remedies against the bitings of a Bear , as also of Lyons and Panthers , see in that of Lyons . As for the description , it may be omitted the beast being common . They are very venerious , and copulate in February , or beginning of Winter , after the manner of rationalls , they goe 30. dayes , and bring forth 5. young sometimes , they are enemies to the Sea Calfe , Horse , Boar , and the dead , their noise is terrible . Having eaten the apples of Mandrakes , they eat pismires . When wounded , they feed on dry herbs . As for the differences , they are great , or little , black , or white . Jonst . Bears blould killeth fleas . Their fat is used in the weapon salve , some use the skin for garments and coverings , as also to seem terrible in warre Pallad. The grease preserveth iron tools in Winter : Mizald. and vines . Schrod . the fat doth heat , resolve , mollifie , and discusse . Being anointed on the os sacrum it helpeth the Enterocele , and falling down of the womb . Also it maketh hair white . In Finlandia the Rusticks use the dryed Gall , in stead of a Panacea .

Beaver . Castor . P. It 's an amphibion : in Helvetia , Russia , and Prussia , &c. M. Fish , fruits , and barkes of Trees . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Fiber . Arab. Albednester . Canis Ponticus .

Beaver . Gesn . T. the flesh is bitter . Albert and all abominated , except the tail . Some boil it first , and then rost it , or fry it , in open vessells , that the stinking smell thereof may evaporat . The tail and hinder leggs are sweet , tender and fat , like the tuny , having a solid and certain tenaceous fatness : in taste almost like the Eele . Gluttons desire much the membrans that are betwixt the toes , being betwixt fish and flesh , and they are therefore used in the time of fasting . Some rost the tail and casting a little Ginger thereon , serve it to the table , others boil it and season it with some thick broth . Schrod . V. The fat is peculiar to the nervous parts and womb ; also it helpeth the falling sicknesse , convulsions and resolutions of the parts , and the apoplexie , &c. The Castor , or testicles , being taken out and well cleansed , are dryed and so kept , hung up in some shadowy place , and last 7. years . It is adulterated sometimes with gumme ammoniack , kneaded with Castor , and the Castors bloud , and so put into little bladders and dryed . As also by the reins thus used : yet it may be thus discovered ; the light testicles arising both from one beginning : also the adulterine are greater , and the genuine are of a strong and unpleasant smell , and of a strong , sharp , biting , and bitter taste , and of a brittle substance ; besides , that is bad also , which is black and mouldy . As for the vertues of Castor , T. it is hot 3° . & dry 2° . it attenuats , opens , and discusseth flatulency . V. It strengthneth the nervous parts , and head . It awakeneth the dull animal spirits , resisteth poyson , provoketh sneezing , is anodyne , & provoketh the termes : therefore it is good in the lethargy , apoplexy , epilepsy , palsey , vertigo , trembling of the joynts , defluxions to the same , strangulation of the womb , and collick being used both inwardly and outwardly : also it helpeth the ringing of the ears , difficulty of hearing , and pain of the teeth being dropped into the same . In the suffocation of the womb , it may be used to the nostrills , bound to the armepits , or put into the Navill : also it correcteth the virulency of opium . The skinne being dressed and worn helpeth the gout and palsey . The D. of the extract is from gr. 5. to 12. Gesn . Plin. The skinne of a beaver being burned with tarre to ashes , and mixed with the juyce of a leek stoppeth bleeding at the Nose . Plin. The urine resisteth poyson , and is put into antidotes . Gesn . The Gall is very usefull : and the curd helpeth the falling sicknesse ; so that of the Sea Calfe . Castorium drunk in mulled water q. drach. 2. looseneth the belly : it is of very thin parts , and best for cold and moist bodies . The suffumigation helpeth the affections of the Lungs , and head , if without a Feaver . It helpeth scirrhous dispositions . It helpeth against poyson , as of the Chameleon drunk in vineger , &c. And of the Scorpion in Wine , and the common and field Spider in mulse , causing them to be evacuated by vomiting , also against Lizards , and the cerastes and prester with panax , or rue and wine , and other Serpents in wine , and against misselto , drach. 2. being given in vineger , also against aconite in Milk and Water , as also against white Hellebore in mulled water with nitre , so Plin. Avic . It helpeth also against the biting of small venemous creatures . Plin. scr. 1. sem. taken in unc. 6. of wine helpeth those that are infrigidated . Applied diverse dayes with Honey it is a psilothron , the hairs being first pulled away . Plin. With ladanum it helpeth fistula's . Avic . It helpeth cold abscesses and malignant ulcers . Plin. It causeth sleep with oile of roses and sowsennell , the head being anointed therewith , and it drunk in Water , therefore it helpeth the phrensy , and pains of the head . Avic . Applied plaisterwise it helps the cold and flatulency of the head . Gal. So the fume taken . Hippoc. It helps the headach caused by the womb . Being given in unc. 4. sem. of mulled vineger fasting it helpeth the falling sickness , which if often troubling , it way be used in a clyster , sc. drach. 2. being added to a sextary of Honey , Oyl , and Water ; but those that are presently affected , it helpeth with vineger : applied it helps diverse affections of the nerues , and other vices : or pounded to the thicknesse of Honey with the seed of vitex in vineger , or rose Oyl , as also against the falling sicknesse : so Plin. Also it helpeth the epilepsy , and other cold affections of the head , Scrup. 1. 2. or 3. being taken with the juyce of rue , or Wine in which it hath been decocted , so Platear . Also applied it helpeth the vertigo , so reduced to the thicknesse of Honey , with the seed of vitex in vineger , or oyl of Roses : the same helpeth against the palsy , ( and other cold affections of the head ) Opisthotonos , trembling , spasme , vices of the nerves , sciatica , and stomach griefs . Diosc . Plin. Avic . Being injected it helpeth the Lethargy , and sleepy evill . So with vineger and oyl of Roses , or smelled to . Platear . As a sternuratory it helpeth the Lethargy , it moving and strengthning the brain : or boiled with rues juyce , mint , and a little vineger , and so applied as a cataplasme , the head being shaved : the powder also may be taken by the nostrills with the juyce of rue , or the fume . Those that are troubled with oblivion , after sicknesses , as the Lethargy , or plague are best helped by hiera Ruffi , and Castor applied with oyl to the hinder part of the head ; as also drach. 1. thereof being drunk with melicrate after purging . So Aet . Platear . the wine in which it hath been decocted with rue and sage , helpeth the palsey of the whole body . The powder held under the tongue till it be dissolved helpeth the palsey of the same . The wine in which it hath been decocted being often used to the genitall , effectually , with a cataplasme of the same helpeth the palsey . Plin. being drunk and applied it helpeth tremblings , convulsions , spasmes , and vices of the nerves . With oyl it helps the trembling , of the members . Gal. Yet it is to be used and applied where there is a convulsion , or trembling by plenitude , and not when drynesse , or emptinesse . Plin. The stiffenesse of the neck is mollified by Castor drunk with pepper in mulse mixed therewith , and Frogs boiled with oyl and salt , that the juyce may be drunk , so also it helps the opisthotonos , tetanos , and spasme with pepper , so Plin. also with Honey it cleareth the eyes . With the juyce of poppy it helpeth the eares : and stamped with oyl , or meconium it easeth the pain thereof . Avic . It helpeth the difficulty of hearing from a could cause , or spirits contained therein , the q. of a lintel being dissolved in nard-oyl , and put in . Plin. it helpeth the toothach , being put into the eare of the same side , Hipp. so held in the mouth with pepper . Plin. being taken with a little ammoniacum in mulled vineger fasting it helpeth the shortnesse of breath . Avic . It causeth thirst . Plin. Diosc . Avic . In vineger it stoppeth the hicket . Plin. with a little ammoniacum and mulled vineger drunk hot , it helps the spasmes of the stomack , Gal. so if by plenitude . Plin. Diosc . it helpeth against inflations , and pains . Avic . drunk with vineger it helpeth the pricking pain of the belly , and dissolveth flatulencies , so for the latter with the seed of wild Carrot , and stone parsley , as much as may be taken up with 3 fingers in unc. 6. of hot mulse , for the other , with vineger and wine . Gal. with oxycrat it helpeth flatulency , pain , and hickets , caused by cold and thick humours , or grosse and flatulent spirits . Archig . it helps the collick Aet. 2. spoonfulls given in mulled water , and that of Aniseeds is also used , and is most effectuall . Veget. farriers use the fume for the difficulty of urine in Horses . Platear . Decocted in the juyce of vitex and a little vineger , and applied to the pecten and genitalls in a plaister it helpeth the Gonorrhea . Plin. being smelled to with vineger and pitch it helpeth against the womb . drach. 3. being drunk with water and penny royall expell the menses , and secundine : Diosc . And the birth . the same drunk by men heateth the genitalls , so Albert. against the secundine it is used with panax , or alheal : Gal. so with melicrat . Plin. beaver-stone being walked over by a woman , causeth abortion . The Diacastorium of Myrepsus helpeth those that are vertiginous , epileptick , apoplectick , paraplectick and resolutions . There is a plaister also thereof for the same . It is also put into oyls and errhines . H. Matth. Pet. Apon . corrupted Castor causeth madnesse and rage , a putting forth of the tongue , and Feaver : the cure is by butter , and muld water to cause vomiting sufficiently , sc. till the scent be gone , and then use Diamoron , the rob of limons , or syrup thereof or juyce of Citrons , else Coriander seed , Avic . vineger and Asses milk , or Philo his antidote . Jonst . the fore parts of the Beaver are hot , the hinder are very cold . Rondel . the suffumigation helps conception . The Gall causeth venery . The tail helps the wounds of the intrails . The teeth hanged about the neck are an amulet against falls . The fat taketh fishes . The skins are used by some to make garments of . As for the differences some are black , reddish , or mixed , those are counted Masters , these servants . They generate in the beginning of summer , and bring forth in the end of autumne , if they bite , they leave not till the crackling of the bones . They are cleanly in their houses , love their young , use their fore feet like hands , when bound in their body they put their hinder parts into the water . They gnaw down trees to build with , and draw them on the bellies of their antients . Their cry . is like that of an infant . As for their description , they are of an ash colour , blackish on the back , sharp toothed , forefooted like a Dogg , and like a goose behind , and tailed like a fish with skales thereon .

Boar. Aper . P. In Egypt , Macedonia , and England . &c. M. Acorns , chesnuts , fearn , roots , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Chasir . Arab. Kaniser .

Boare . Cels . T. the braun is of light concoction , and the Domestick is the best . Also it is very strong and of much nutriment . Avic . Hoggs flesh either Domestick , or wild is of easie concoction , quickly decending , polytrophick , and of a thick and viscous juyce : Others say it is cold and viscous . Hippoc. The wild dryeth and strengthneth . Schrod . V. The wild Boare is of the nature of the Domestick , but stronger in faculty . The fat thereof is used in the weapon salve , and to help the pain of the sides , mollifie matter , and help the excreation of bloud drunk in Wine or Vineger , in which also it helpeth ruptures and convulsions , and luxations with rose vineger , so Diosc . The tooth is specificall in the plurify ; given with line seed Oile , or applied it helpeth the quinsey : the D. is drach . 1. The genitalls and testicles help against the impotency of Venus . The gall discusseth botches . The dry dung drunk stoopeth the evacuation of bloud , so applied . The Vrine doth specifically break the stone of the bladder , and expell the same . The tooth is mucilaginous , and therefore doth sometimes congeale . Hartm . in pract. Some commend the water distilled out of the bloud , with refrigerating and moistening plants against the atrophie . Gesn . the parts of wild beasts are more hot and dry than the tame . Plin. the brain of a Bore is good against Serpents with the bloud , so against the botches of the privities . The lard boiled and applied doth presently consolidate what is broken ; with Honey and Rosin it helpeth against Serpents : applied with the Lungs , it helpeth the galling and contusion of the feet . With Oile of Roses it helpeth night wheales . Sext. the brain boiled and drunk with Wine helpeth all griefes . See the Sow . Plin. The ashes of the jawes of a Boare help phagedens the same helpe fractures . Vrsin . The tooth helpeth the cough . Diosc . The curd of a kid , lamb , bore , or stagge &c. Are of like effect , and drunk against aconite in Wine , and coagulated Milk in Vineger . Sext. the Lunges mixed with Honey help the ulcers and gallings of the feet . Diosc . the Lungs , as also that of the Sow , Lamb , and Beare help inflammations by such gallings . The fat helpeth drunkenness . Diosc . The Liver , fresh , dryed and powdered and drunk in Wine helpeth against the biting of Serpents and Doggs : Plin. if old , drunk with rue in Wine it helpeth against Serpents . Nicand . So the fillet of the Liver next the Gall , drunk in Vineger , or Wine . Plin. the Liver helpeth the lethargy and drousinesse . Sext. it helpeth purulent cares being dropped in . Plin. it bindeth the belly being drunk in wine without salt , when fresh . Sext. and helpeth the flux . Plin. The stone therein , drunk in wine helpeth the stone . See Sow . Plin. The gall as also that of a Bull , applied warme discusseth botches , or wens : which Marcellus affirmeth of that of the Goat , Plin. with Rosin and Ceruse it helps creeping ulcers . Marcel . being dropped into the grieved eare with a like q. of the Oile of Almonds , it helpeth it ; also drunk it helpeth the spleen . Marcel . applied with fat it helpeth the Gout . See Sow . Plin. The testicles drunk in Mares milk , or water , as also those of a Beare help the falling sicknesse : Sext. So with wine . Remedies from the huckle bone see in Sow . Marcel . the Ashes sprinkled upon Beere help the difficulty of Urin , sc. of the Claws . Gal. Also it helpeth pissing of the bed . The dry dung of the wild , drunk in water or wine helpeth the rejections of blood , & the old paines of the side , and ruptures and convulsions drunk in vineger . Diosc . with the rosate cerot it helpeth luxations . Boars dung applied and drunk helps spasmes , bruises , and wounds . When fresh & hot it is very good against the flux of bloud out of the nostrills . Marcel . being applied with wine like a plaister it draweth forth any thing sticking in the body , and quickly healeth it . Boyled with course Hony it helpeth the joynts . Plin. It filleth and cleanseth all ulcers except in the leggs . The powder drunk helpeth the spleen and pain of the reines . The Ashes help the pain of the loines , and serve where there is need of emollition . Sext. that of the wild Boare and Sulphur being drunk in wine helpeth the hipps . Marcel . so strained into Wine , and drunk , it cures the sciatica . Boiled with vineger , kneaded with Honey & applied to the soles of the feet , or ankles , it helpeth the paines thereof . Plin. The urine drunk with oxymel helpeth the epilepsy , or in mulled vineger . It helpeth the pain of the eares , and deafenesse . Marcel . It helps purulency being dropped in warm . It 's to be kept in the bladder , or glazed vessels . Dryed in the smoake , melted with Honey and dropped into the eare , it helpeth its pain and deafenesse . It may be mixed with the juyce of Leekes , cyprine Oile and so dropped into the eares warm . Diosc . drunk it helpeth the stone . Plin. Sext. the bladder being taken helpeth the stoppage of urine . Gal. and helpeth the pissing of bed , being used 3. dayes together . Marcel . It helpeth the pain of the bladder , in man ; and that of the Sow in women . Some say the urin , or bladder taken in beer helpeth the Dropsy . Sext. the foame of a Boar , with the fat being taken in about 3. pints after a 3d. part hath been boiled away , helpeth vometing , and sleep . Aet . their wound is not to be cured by conglutinating but suppuratory remedies . Jonst . the Gall causeth venery . In the time of generation they set up their brissels , and some gnasshing their teeth . They copulate in the beginning of Winter , and bring forth in spring . They are destroyed by aconite . They cure them selves with juy : and are taken by Musick . They whet their teeth before fighting , and love to releeve their crying confederats .

Buck. Dama . P. Almost every where , in Parkes and Forrests . M. Of Grasse , Hay , and Leaves of Trees . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Platyceros . Platogna , Cervus Palmatus .

Buck. Platin. Aldrov . T. doth almost agree with the Capreol in qualities , and is of good nutriment , yet inclining to Melancholy . Albert. The flesh is cold and dry , and causeth the hemorrhoids , except used with pepper , Cinnamon and Mustard . Rhas . Or with Honey , and galingal . V. Diosc . the curd hath the same vertue with that of the Hare . The dung increaseth the haires , with oile of myrtles . The fume of the tongue dry causeth Horsleeches to fall off . Rhas . Albert. the dust , or ashes of the huckle bone helpeth the Fistula . So Topsel , also some of the late Writers prescribe the fat of a Moul , Deer , and Bear mingled together , to help the memory , being rubbed on the head . Muff. the flesh when young is restorative , that of a gelded Dear is temperate , without excremmentitious humours , therefore their hornes grow not after . When young and in season they are a wholesome Meat , Having no bad juyce of themselves ; when old its dry , too cold and full of grosse humours ; But it may be corrected by Butter , Pepper and Salt .

Bugil . Bubalus . P. In hot Countries . Italy and Europe and other parts . M. They feed as Oxen. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Jachmur . Buffalus .

Bugil . Cresc . T. is of a Melancholick juyce , and unpleasant taste , therefore it is not much commended . Albert. Cheese made of the Milk , is sollid and terrene . V. Rings made of the Hornes , or Hoofes of them , worne upon the fingers , or toes , are very much commended by some against the spasme : Some also fabulously report that the same break in the time of copulation . Schrod . the extract of the Liver , is like that of the Bulls Spleen ; but more effectuall , the D. is the same ; so Hartm . in Croll . Gluckr in Begu . Tops . Some Husbandmen burn the hornes , or dung of their bugills , on the windy side of their Corne , or Plants , to keep them from Cankers and Blasting : their Hornes serve to make bowes of . As for the description they are of the kind of wild Oxen , but greater , and taller , thicker and stronger , than the ordinary . They fight with the feet like the Horse , and when angry run into the water . Lonic . Aldrov . the Vrin with Myrrh and Oile , helpeth the eares the dung helpeth tumours .

Bull. Taurus . P. Almost every where , in all Countries . M. They feed on Grasse , Hay , Leaves , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Tor. and Taur . Arab.

Bull. T. Gal. The flesh of Goats is the worst , both for juyce , and to be concocted , then that of Rams , and lastly the Bulls flesh : of all which the gelded are best , and the oldest the worst , both for concoction juyce and nutriment . Plin. V. The slough of Serpents with a Bulls skin helpeth the Convulsion . Gal. Rhas . the filings of the Horne drunk with water stop the flux of bloud : Gal. and the flux of the belly . Sext. Aesculap . the Horn burned where Serpents are , driveth them away . Diosc . The bloud discusseth and mollifieth hard tumours with Barley flower . Plin. being powdered and applied it helpeth impostumes , as also that of Bugils . Gal. it helpeth abscesses , as also that of Bores , and Goats . Aesculap . it killeth Serpents . Sext. Aesculap . Applied it helpeth all spots of the face . Applied hot it helpeth broken bones ; so Gesn . Plin. being powdered it helpeth swellings behind the eares . Some commend it against the gout . Used dry with penny wort it helpeth phagedens & fistula's . Gesn . the fat is in a mediocrity . It helpeth spots in the face , as also the Gall of a Calf , with the herb Cunila , sc. the seed thereof , & the powder of Harts-horne burned in the beginning of the Dogg-dayes . Sext. Applied with Rosin and Fullers earth , it discusseth all hardnesses : Aesculapius appointeth Wax for the same purpose . Plin. With that of Bares and Wax it helpeth the swellings behind the eares . With rue it helpeth the Morphew , Warts , Wens , and the Like , with that of a Hogge and night shade . It helpeth the botches of Women with the ashes of Aspes . With that of the Beare and Wax an . With Hypocistis and Galls it helpeth the Gout : some use it for the same purpose with that of geese and oesypus . Diosc . The Marrow is next to that of the Hart and Calf , next to which is that of the Goat and Sheep . It is dryer and hotter than the two first ; or sharper . Sext. Drunk in Wine it helpeth the tormina : Aesculap , or rather tremblings . Rhas . So being mixed with a fourth part of red rue , and Oile of bayes ; the hands and feet being anointed therewith morning and evening . Marcel . with that of a Dormouse and Henne melted , and put hot into the eares , it 's very good for the same . Diosc . The Gall is better than that of the Sheep , Sow , Goat , or Bare ; being of the same nature , but lesse effectual . It is dryer than that of the Oxe , and hotter . Mixed with Honey it is used in plaisters , and Theriack remedies ourwardly , that are vulnerary : Rhas . As also in Malignant ulcers : Plin. Also other ulcers with Oile of Cypresse . Diosc . And Phagedens . Plin. It helpeth Fistula's with the juyce of leekes , or Womens Milk ; as also Phagedens . It cureth burnings . Sext. It cureth the biting of the Ape . Marcel . It helpeth ulcers in the head applied with warme Vineger , and hot Scabs with Nitre Wine and Oile : Plin. As also the Alopecia with Aegyptian Alum . Diosc . With Nitre and Fullers earth , it helps the Leprosy and scurse . Plin. In water it helpeth the spots in the face , the skinne being taken off , and Sun and Wind avoided : also it taketh away Freckles . Decocted with the fat of Goats an . and drunk in water it helpeth the falling sickness . Rhas . The stone in the Gall doth the same , sharpneth the sight , and preventeth humours flowing thether . Plin. the Gall with the white of an Egge , serveth for collyries being used 4. dayes together in Water . Aesculap . With Honey and Balsame it helps the vices of the eyes : and the dimnesse and weft with mulse : Sext. And pain of the eares : Plin. As also with the juyce of Leeks warme , or Honey if there be a suppuration , and stench being heated in the rind of a pome-granat : Diosc . Also dropped in with Goats , or Womans Milk ; as also ruptures : Marcel . So with Laserwort and Oile of Cedar . Avic . It helpeth the ulcers of the eare . Rhas . 2. or 3. drops help the ringing of the same . So Diosc . With the juyce of Leeks . Plin. It helpeth the teeth , as also the Milk of Goats . Diosc . applied with Honey it helpeth the quinsey , so Marcel . also salt vineger and old oile may be added . Cows milk boiled and drunk helps the dysentery , with Honey , and the ashes of the horne if there be pain ; or else the Gall mixed with Cummin seed , Gourds being applied to the Navil . Marcel . Applied with a cloath to the Navil it killeth Wormes . Diosc . It cicatrizeth the vices of the fundament , so Plin. and Avic . some use it to open the Hemorrhoids . Gal. Put into the fundament in a cloth it looseth the belly : so applied to the Navil of Children . Plin. So with wormwood : or lupines pounded . Applied from the Navil downwards with Honey it helpeth the pains of the scrotum , and genitalls . Plin. It helpeth the pterygia dissolved in hot water , some adde Sulphur an . and Alum . Marcel . With butter , the marrow of a Hart , and Oile of Cypresse and bayes it helpeth bruised knees . Avic . It helpeth the pain of the womb . Applied with new shorn wool it helpeth the purgations of Women . Some adde Hysop and Nitre . Plin. So the powder of Harts-horne applied , and Bulls Gall with opium . Hippoc. Being drunk with Wine in the morning fasting , and pills made thereof used , it provokes the termes . Rhas . Given in water of coloquintida , it presently expels the birth . With Serpents grease , rust of brasse and Honey applied it helpeth sterility caused by Child birth . Sext. The genital of a Bull soaked in vineger , and applied , causeth the face to shine so the glue thereof . Rhas . That of a red Bull drunk by Women causeth a lothing of venery ; yet the later authors affirme the contrary . Gal. The Horne burned stoppeth bloud . Aesculap . The dung discusseth tumours , & hard swellings . Sext. Drunk with hot water it cureth all griefs Applied hot it helpeth the Alopecia . Burned and cast upon Wine , or hot water it helpeth burnings . Plin. Applied it maketh the Cheeks reddish being fomented with cold water both before & after . Diosc . The fume helpeth the falling down of the Womb. Plin. Marcel . The urin helpeth the Leprosy and Scurf . Marcel . And if old also the head , being washed therewith . Plin. With Goats Gall it prevents what troubles Cattle . It helpeth running ulcers of the head , and Scurfe with Brimstone . Diosc . Dropped into the eares with Myrrhe , it helpeth the paines thereof . The fume as also of that of Man , helpeth deafenesse : with a third part of vineger , and a little stale of a young Calfe , it causeth venery being drunk and the dung applied to the genitals . Hippoc. maketh a purgatorie remedie thereof , for Woman that cannot conceive . Plin. The glue is made of the eares and genitals and is most excellent against burnings . Avic . Useth it with vineger and Honey Plin. With Lime it helpeth the itch : And ringworme , with vineger . Marcel . So boiled with vineger , and live brimstone , boiled to the thicknesse of Honey with stirring applied twice in a day . Plin. being dissolved it helps fresh wounds made by Iron . Avic . With Honey & vineger it killeth Nits . Plin. The fabrile glue decoct in Water and applied , helpeth the teeth , being presently washed with Wine in which the barks of a sweet pomegranat are . Plin. 3. Oboli being drunk with hot Water help the spitting of bloud . Marcel . It helps the collick . Being injected with hot Water it helpeth the dysentery and the dung of a Calf decocted in Wine helpeth inflations . Gesn . H. the bloud is counted poysonsome . Gal. The antidote is vineger , with vomiting . Such things also as hinder coagulation and are laxative , fat , and slippery . As also Cabbage seed , Calamint , Nitre , Pepper and Tyme , &c. Jonst . As also flower gentle , wild figgetree . Laserwort , Oile of Peeter , Sowthistle , Bramble bush . Diosc . Yet the bloud applied with Barley meale mollifieth hardnesses in the body : dry it discusseth impostumes in any part , and killeth Wormes , and being applied it taketh all spots out of the face , notwithstanding it is dangerous to be taken , it presently coagulating and growing hard . If drunk the Symptomes are difficulty of breathing , strangling , stopping of the jawes , and tonsils . Rednesse of the tongue , and infection of the teeth , &c. Hereto may be referred the Bison : and Vre-oxe , whose parts though not experimented , are thought to be more effectual in physick , as also the bulls of Florida , called Butrones , the skin of which the Barbareans use against the cold of winter , and the hornes against poyson . Muff. Bulls beef except very young , is utterly unwholsome , and of hard digestion , the bloud is extream hard and binding as appeareth in the ground where they are killed , it glasing , it making it of a stony hardnesse , therefore they weere wount to be baited before the slaughter , that violent heat and motion might attenuate their bloud and soften the flesh ; yet it 's then fit only for strong stomacks , and hurts others .

Calfe . Vitulus . P. Almost every where , in any country . M. They are fedd with milk . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Vaccae proles . Heb. Egel .

Calfe . Gesn T. In all kinds of living creatures , the flesh of the aged is hard , dry , and hardly concocted : Those of the younger are tender and moist , and therefore more easily concocted , except such as are eaten , as soon as brought forth ; for all such are mucous , especially those which are moist in their own nature , as Lambs , and Sows Pigs ; but Kids and Calves , being of a dryer nature , are better concocted and nourish ; so Gal. They are to be killed 15 days after calved , and their flesh then is temperate and of easy concoction , also wholesome for those that lead an idle life , so Crescent . Therefore it is often used by the gentry ; so Platin. It may be boiled as that of other beasts , and eaten with butter and vineger ; so the plux . The head is eaten with the braines and sage , at the first course , and is much better than that of the Shepe . The feet are eaten with vinegar and pepper : there are also diverse other things taken notice of by Platina , Apicius , and others , which belonging to cookery , are here omitted , as belonging to the dypnosophistick art . V. Plin. The flesh of a Calf keepeth green wounds from swelling . Marcel . New boiled and applied with vineger to the armpits , it helpeth the stinking of the same . Plin. Applied it helpeth the bitings of Men , being so used for five dayes together : Cels . As also of a mad Dog ; and Serpents , the broth being drunk , as also that of a Goose or sheep . Plin. The same helpeth the disentery and coeliack passion . The flesh eaten with birth-wort rosted , by women about the time of conception , causeth males . The Ashes with Womens milk helpe filthy ulcers . The marrows of living creatures , mollify what is hard or scirrhous , either muscles , tendons , ligaments , or bowels ; but the best is that of the Hart , then that of a Heiser or Calf : And that of Goats and Bulls is more sharp , and drying , and therefore are not used for this purpose . Also of the marrow of the hart or Calfe may pessaries be made , to mollify divers evils of the matrix , and remedies to be applied outwardly : Also the marrow of the back may be used , which is more dry and squalid . Plin. All marrow , mollifieth , filleth , dryeth , and heateth . Plin. It helpeth the dysentery with other things , and exulcerated wombs . Gal. They doe loosen and discuss . As for the way of preparing and keeping them , see in my Isagoge phytologica , &c. Plin. The marrow of a Calfe with a like weight of wax and oile , or oile of roses with an egge helpeth , the hardnesse of the cheekes : Which Marcellus affirmes of the eyebrows . With comin seed instilled it helpeth the paine of the eares , and deafeness . It helpeth the ulcers and clefts of the mouth , so that of the heifer . Boiled with a little meal , wax and oile , it helpeth the coeliack , and dysentery , being drunk . Marcel . So that of a heifer with meal and cheese . With suet it helpeth the running ulcers of the privities . Plin. The same in wine decoct , with water helpeth the exulcerations of the womb applied . Gal. Diverse remedies are made thereof to mollify the womb being used inwardly or outwardly . Diosc . The fat is something astringent . Marcel . With salt it helpeth the lousy evil . Plin. And evils of the head . Marcel . Applied it extenuateth the eyebrows : Plin. So with Goose grease and the juyce of basil , as also paines of the eares and deafenesse , so with the marrow of a Hart , and leaves of white thorne ; with wild cumin and honey , it helps the sound and ringing thereof . Marcel . Drunk in water it helps the coeliack . so Plin. And the dysentery . With rue it helps inflations in the fundament . With niter it helps the swellings of the testicles , so Marcel . Plin. It helpeth rough nailes , and warts with salt : and the gout , as some affirme . Diosc . The curd hath the same vertue as that of a Hare , Kid , or Lamb. Plin. A little thereof drunk in wine helpeth the lethargy , which some affirme of the Sea Calfe . The destilled water of the race with p. aq . Of sage and bawme , helpeth cold parts , resolved or pined , being applied daily morning and evening with hot cloths , wrapped about them . The water distilled out of the liver of a hee Calf , with as much sage drunk by men or women , that have a hard swelling overthwart the bottome of the belly , above the privities , helpeth the same . Plin. The gall helpeth the leprosy and scurfe , with the seed of cunila , and powder or ashes of harts horne . Marcel . Applied it killeth nits . The stale urine of man helpeth the alopecia , with sowbread and brimstone , but this is more effectual . Being warmed it extennars cicatrices , with myrrhe , honey , and saffron , to which some add the flowers of brasse , which Marcellus the Empirick appropriateth to the eyes . being boiled with vineger , with a like quantity of the slough of a Serpent , and put into the eare with a cloath dipped therein , being first fomented with hot water by a sponge , it giveth great ease . It loosneth the belly , used as that of the Bull , and helpeth the womb , to which some adde oile of almonds . Plin. The spleen boiled in wine , pounded and applied helpeth the small ulcers of the mouth . Marcel . The glue dissolved in vinegar with a little unslacked lime , to the thicknesse of honey , applied helpeth the leprosy , being left to dry thereon : Plin. So boiled with vineger and honey . That made of the genitals , dissolved in vineger with live brimstone , helpeth the tetters of the mouth , used twice in a day . Plin. It helpeth broken eares dissolved in water . Plin. The fume of the dung helpeth those that are hurt by the Scorpion . The ashes with vineger stop bloud . Marcel . With Womens milk it helpeth sordid ulcers . Plin. Applied fresh it helps S. Anthonies fire . The ashes , with the boyled bulbs of lillies , and a little honey , helpe the paines of swelled vaines , and all inflammations and suppurations . The ashes with vineger help warts . The dung kneaded with oile and gum , helpeth the skin discoloured in the summer time . Marcel . With new oesipus , honey , butter , and a dogs gall mixed , it taketh all spots out of the face . Plin , Boiled in wine it helpeth melancholy . Marcel . And when fresh helps those that are collerick . Plin. That of the male applied helpeth the dropsy . Boiled in wine it helpeth the inflation of the intestines . It helpeth late luxations , so that of a Boar or Sow . Marcel . And the joynts : with the dregs of vineger it helps the gout . With vineger it helpeth the swelling of the testicles . The ashes with the decocte● bulbs of lillies , and a little honey helpe the gout , and articular diseases . The urine when first calved , with that of a Goat , or Bull , and a third part of vineger made to fume , helpeth the paine of the ears , and deafenesse . Jonst . The bloud of a Calfe , with meat cut small , being set in a pot for 10. days is a very good baite for fish .

Camel . Camelus . P. In Africa , and Asia . India , and Arabia . M. Of rushes , barley , grasse and thistles . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Gamal . Arab. Gemal .

Camel . Gal. T. Aristot . Plin. Both their milk and flesh are of all the sweetest . Their milk is drunk with twice or thrice so much of water ; yet some commend the milk only as sweet . When nere the time of bringing forth there milk is more thinne . All milk doth obstruct , especially the liver , except that of Camels when great , and the Asses and Mares , so Avic . Also it is something salt . Being used it causeth freckles , or the morphew , sc. All but this . It looseneth the belly as the other two . It is the thinnest of all , and of a better and more thinner juyce . It extenuats thick excrementitious humour , and frees from obstructions , by reason of its vehement heat , so Rhas . Also the flesh is hot and dry . V. Gesn . One that is poysoned being put into the belly of a Camel or Mule new killed , is helped thereby , the heat thereof resolving the poyson , and strengthning the spirits , and all parts of the body ; so Ponzet . Avic . The flesh provoketh urine , yet some affirme it of that of the hart . The fat in the bunch burned helps the hemorrhoids by its fume . Hal. The bloud dried helpeth the disentery , and long flux of the belly . Avic . It stoppeth fluxions : drunk after the purging of the termes it causeth conception , so Gesn . Though he doubts of the same . It helpeth the epilepsie : Plin. So the braine dried , drunk in vineger , so Gal. de Ther. The teeth help the excoriations of the intestines , and hemeroides applied . The froth drunk maketh demoniack . Rhas . The powder of the lungs drunk causeth blindness : Plin. The Gall drunk with hony helpeth the falling sickness , and quinsy . Marcel . Applied to the forehead it helps dimness of the eyes , some adde hony and saffron thereto , and then it cureth excrescencies , and cicatrices there . Plin. The taile dried looseneth the belly . The haires thereof twisted together and bound about the arme help quartan agues . Avic . The milk when they are newly impregnated helpeth the asthma , and shortness of breath . It helpeth against the dropsy and hardness of the spleen , as also that of the Goat and Asse . Rhas . It strengthens the liver , openeth obstructions , leasoneth the hard spleen , and helpeth the dropsy being drunk hot , especially sugar being mixed therewith . Avic . The milk when first great , with oile of mock-privet helpeth the inward parts . Except the same , all milk is unwholsome for those that are splenetick , and hepatick , and those that want an attenuating diet : For this agreeth with most distempers of the spleen , and liver , and increaseth the same : Also it is very good in the dropsy , especially drunk with their urine . Avic . It causeth a good stomach and thirst , also it provoketh the termes , and helpeth the vices of the hemorrhoids . Haly , the milk of a Camel is a good antidote against poyson . And it helpeth the decayed temper of the body , mollifying the belly . Some say the ashes of the dung , with oile curle the haire : And applied help the dysentery : And the epilepsy so much as may be taken with three fingers being drunk . Avic . The dung hindreth the marks of the small pocks , and taketh away warts ; also it stoppeth the flux of bloud out of the nostrils . The white dung powdered and applied with hony represseth tumours , and purgeth dry wounds , also it resolveth ulcers and schrophula's . The urine helps running ulcers . Plin. Being drunk it moveth the belly . Applied it helpeth dandriff . Avic . It helps the losse of smelling , also it helps the dropsy , as also that of a man . Matt. Some say that sal ammoniack is made of the urine thereof . Jonst . As for the description , the foot is divided , back knobbed , taile like the Asses , they are teated like a Cow , the genital is back wards , the buttocks narrow , and gall venous . They can abstaine from drink 15 dayes . They engender backwards a whole day together , and goe twelve months . They are enemies to the Horse , Lion , and Oxe-fly . Their deseases are the gout and baldness . They live a hundred yeares . They are revengeful , docible , love musick , are bashful , and compassionate . They knele down when loaded , and carry about 600 weight . The Dromedarie will run 100 miles in a day . Some are brown , some white as to their differences .

Capricerve . Capricerva . P. In the Indies , Persia , & Peru and like places . M. Of a herb like Saffron , and Hermodactils . N. Capra Indica . Montana , Sylvistris , Pazon Pers.

Capricerve . Jonst . T. The flesh of the last is not very pleasant , yet eaten by the Indians . V. A piece thereof applied , presently helpeth the pain of the eyes , being applied fresh . Their stone called bezoar , Garc. applied to any bare part of the body , it preventeth the hurt by poyson . The powder cast upon the bitings of venemous beasts cureth the same , and benummeth the beasts being cast thereon ; also it helpeth all poyson and malignant feavers . It helpeth melancholy , quartan agues , the syncope , epilepsy , vertigo , stone , and killeth wormes . And is more effectual for women than for men . The. D. is gr. 12. Of which see more in my Pammineralogie . The beast is about the bignesse and likeness of a Stagg . Their hair is very fine , like silk : it helpeth when hot , and prevents the inflammation of the reines , therefore they fill beds therewith : It is said also to help the gout : sc. Of that called Vicunas , which may be here reduced .

Cat. Catus . P. Almost every where , In all Countries . M. Of flesh , fish , mice , birds , lizards , rabbits . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Catul. and Schanar . Feles .

Cat. Anon. T. The flesh of Conies is like that of the Cat , both being sweet . It was used formerly in banquets , and is still used in other Countries , after they are hung out in the aire , that they may be more tender , and sweeter . V. Some count the Cat an uncleane , and poysonsome beast . Plin. The ashes drive away Mice . Ponzet . H. The braine of a Cat causeth madnesse , being very dry , in respect of mans . And it so obstructeth the passages thereof , that the animal spirits cannot passe to the ventricles of the hinder part , so that memory being hindered , those that are so affected seeme distracted . The cure is by drinking twice a moneth drach. 1. of the earth of Lemnos with the water of sweet Marjoram : Also spices are to be mixed with the meats , to recreate the spirits : Wine also is good and sometimes drach . sem . of Diamoschu dulce there with ; yet a good order of diet may be sufficient . Matth. The braine causeth the vertigo , and stupidity , which is cured with much difficulty : It is to be cured by vomiting , and the aforesaid remedies , or drach . sem . of musk powdered & drunk in wine . Aet . The biting of a Cat is cured by those against that of a mad dog ; But properly , honey , turpentine , and oile of roses mixed and applied : Or centaury applied with hony , also the dung of a Cock applied with the fatt of the same . Some use mans urine with Goats milk and origanum . Matth. The Haires are poysonsome . The breath also is offensive : In so much that some affirme that diverse having kept them in their beds , have got an hectick feaver or marasmus thereby : And doe therefore often carry the plague about in pestilential times , and offend many merely by their sight , whom Matthiolus supposeth may be cured by such remedies , as serve against the braine thereof . Gal. The flesh of Cats salted and bruised draweth out things fixed in the flesh . Their flesh is hot and dry , helpeth the paine of the hemorrhoids , heateth the reines , and helpeth the paine of the back : Which Iac. Olivar . Affirmes . Vrsin . The loines helpe the like parts : So Gesn . Although , the truth hereof may be questioned . Rhas . Albert. The flesh of the wild Cat applied helpeth the gout . Anon. The bloud of a Cat applied helpeth the soares of the nailes , and killeth the wormes thereof . Rhas . The fat of a wild Cat , is of like nature with the flesh . Sylv. The fat is betwixt that of a Bull and Sow . Ms. The ashes of the head of a black Cat burned in a glazed vessel , and put into the eye with a quil , thrice in a day , helpe the haw , weft , and web in the eye . And if there be heat in the night , two or three oake leaves applied wet in water , help the same . Gal. The liver burned and drunk helpeth the stone . Plin. The same taken in the decrease of the moon , and drunk in wine after long salting , helpeth the fits of quartans : Which Sextus attributeth to the dung , hanged about the neck with an Owls claw . The gall of a wild Cat is very good against the wry mouth : The fume extracts the dead birth : So applied with coloquintida water , by a sponge , or put in as a pessary ; so Rhas . and Albert. Sext. Aesculap . The dry dung applied with an equal q. of mustard seed and vineger helpeth the alopecia . Plin. Some say that rubbed outwardly , it causeth bones sticking in the throat , to avoid , upwards or downwards : So Sext Plin. Also it helpeth the exulcerations of the womb : Which is affirmed also of the fat of the Fox and marrow of a Calf in wine , decoct in water with sewet . Jonst . The dung with rosin and oile of roses applied stoppeth womens flux . A fat Goose being stuffed with the flesh thereof and salt , so gently rosted , yeeldeth a liquour good against the gout , or joynt aches . They usually generate in Jannuary and February , making a noise , by reason of the heat of the sperme , & scratching of their nailes . They goe 56 days , and usually bring forth 5 or 6 young ones . They are enemies to Mice , Toads , Serpents , the Vulpanser , Eagle , rue , to their own gall , sweet smells , and moisture , therefore some use rue to affright them from Pigeon-houses . They love valerian & catmint . Their eys increase & decrease according to the moon & shine in the night . Also they hide their excrements , and love their old habitations , which they will find out though carried away blindfolded . Schrod . The fat of a gelded Cat , heateth , mollifieth , discusseth , and mightily helpeth the diseases of the joynts . Schwenckf . Three drops of the bloud , out of the caudale veine of a boor Cat drunk help the falling sicknesse . The bloud of the eare helpeth the shingles . The skin is woorn to warm the stomach , and help contractions of the joynts . Some use the secundine about the neck , to prevent the distempers of the eyes . Obscur . The fume of the dung , it being applied also , expels the dead birth . Aldrov . The flesh draweth things out of the body , and helpeth the hemorrhoids and paines of the back . Querc . The distilled water of the urine helpeth deafnes .

Chameleon . Chamaeleon . P. In Asia , Africa , and India , or the Indies . M. Flies , locusts , beetles , the Antients said of the air . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Murilacertus .

Chameleon . T. Jonst . They are used for meat , being cast into the fire , and broiled . The skin being taken off , the flesh is very white , which being boiled in a liquour like our butter , is after eaten . V. Trall . It is also used in Physick , sc. against the epilepsy being boiled in a new earthen pot , with oile : He also maketh an unguent thereof against the gout . Arnold . Aldrov . The tongue applied on his that is forgetful helpeth the memory . Some apply it to avoid the danger of child-birth . Marcel . The gall helpeth suffusions of the eyes . Plin. The heart in new sheered black wool helps the quartan ague . With the root of the herb of the same name , and hounds-tongue , it causeth silence . The liver dissolveth love : And the intestines and excrements , mixed with the urine of Apes , cause hatred . There are also diverse other things affirmed thereof which deserve not writing . Gassend . The teeth are in good order , the intestine crooked , the excrement liquid . The liver slit , the lungs puffed up , without an inner rim in the lower belly , spleen , bladder , or reines : and tongue of a foot long . Peiresc . Kept some thereof to see their formation and eruption in which he observed a great number of eggs . They are enemies to the Hawk , Crow , Elephant , and Vipers . Celsus Saith that their mouth is always open . In the winter they lye hid like the Lizard . They are of the colour of what is next , except red and white ; yet Gassendus affirmeth it not of those of Peirescius . Some thereof are pale , some black , and of other colours , as to their differences .

Cony . Cuniculus . P. In Germany , France , Italy , and England , &c. M. Grass , trefoile , lettuce , sowthistle , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Schaphan . The young Laurix .

Cony . T. Anon. Some count the flesh sweet and like that of a Cat. Platin. It nourisheth better and more easily ; than that of the Hare . The brain as also that of the hare is commended against poysons . V. Gesn . Marcel . The powder of a Cony burned alive in a pot , with the like quantity of costus , being drunk in wine , sc. one sponeful , and the jawes rubbed with the same , helpeth the quinsey . Sylv. The fat is betwixt that of the Bull and Sow ; as also that of the Fox , Badger , and Cat , &c. It serveth to asswage the nerves , which is affirmed by Vrsin . Schrod . And helpeth the hardnesse thereof , and of the joints . It is a very fearful and prolifick creature . Jonst . The fat in some helpeth the difficulty of urine . The description is not necessary , by reason of the commonnesse thereof . They generate in halfe a yeares time , or in a year , then every moneth , in hot countries . If one departeth from a place the rest follow . They chew the cud , are emulous , and easily tamed ; they stop their nest with sand , that they may not be discovered , and goe to them only in the morning and evening . Their difference is from their colour , magnitude , intralls , and place . Aldrov . Dur. Their flesh is cold initio primi , & dry 20. The fat helps vices of the urine , Wecker maketh an ointment thereof for the same purpose : the skin helps against cold .

Cow . &c. Bos. P. In England , Scotland , Ireland , and almost all Countries . M. Of grasse , shrubs , and leaves of trees . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Heb. Bakar , Vacca . Junix , the Heifer .

Cow . Gesn . T. The flesh nourisheth much , and the bloud generated thereof is more grosse ; therefore it causeth diverse melancholick diseases , in those that are of that temper , it is difficultly concocted , but then it mightily nourisheth : and compared with sheepes flesh it is cold , and causeth melancholy bloud , but it may be taken with vineger , garlick and rue : it is fit only for hot and strong stomacks , and those that labour ; so Sym. Seth. Gal. The flesh is not moist , pituitous or tender ; but hurteth much by reason of its hardnesse , and difficulty in alteration : Also it yeeldeth not a mean aliment , or that may be easily dissipated , but causeth too grosse bloud , and so hurteth those of the same temper , feeding too largely thereon : Causing cancers , the leprosy , scab , quartane ague , and melancholy , also swelling of the spleen , after which in some followeth a cachexy or a dropsy . The same flesh is so much thicker in substance than the Hogs , as that is more clammy than it . The young is best for young people , and therefore the swines flesh being more moist than beefe . Also beasts are fattest , and fittest for mans body when they goe to grasse , and after , are more leane and of worse juyce : So those that feed on shrubs and branches of trees . The flesh of Hares causeth grosse bloud ; but is of better juyce , than that of Cowes , and Sheep . Beife is of little and slow nourishment , being cold & dry , so generateth an impure and melancholick juyce , and causeth diseases thereof arising . Isaac . Platin. It stayeth long in the stomach , and stoppeth the belly : Especially the old , the young is temperate of good nourishment & strengthning , so Cresc . Plat. Beife ought to be boiled . Celsus counteth it of the most nutriment , & fittest for the stomach amongst domestick creatures , and is not so subject to corruption . The Cows milk is the fattest , the Sheeps & Goats lesse fat , so Gal. The milk of a Cow , Asse & Mare , doe more loosen the belly , than the Sheeps ; which is sweet , thick , and fatt . The three former are most fit for the belly ; but trouble the same , so Diosc . Crescent . The milk and cheese of Heifers , is not so fit nutriment for man , as that of Sheep . Var. The milk that is most purging is first the Mares , secondly the Asses , thirdly the Sheeps , fourthly the Goats . Bapt. Fier . The best is the Goats , next the Sheeps , and then the Cows . Aeg. The most temperate is the Womans , then the Goats , Asses , Sheeps , and lastly the Cowe's . The Goats is temperate in substance , lesse purging than the Cows , which is the fattest and thickest , fit to nourish , and penetrates moderately . The cheese is styptick , to which that of mares is like , and of much nourishment . V. Plin. The ashes of the tip of a Cowes horne , helpeth the cough . Two spoonfuls thereof made into pils with honey , helpe the phthisick . Rhas . If of a heifer , applied with vineger it helpeth the morphew , and stoppeth the bleeding at the nostrils . Marcel . Two spoonefuls of that part next the head , with water warmed , and a little vineger drunk three dayes together help the spleen , taken fasting . Plin. The ashes of the hoof applied with water discusse hard swellings in the body . Rhas . That of a heifer , causeth milk in Women and strengthneth them : That of the huckle bone of a Cow drunk stops bloud and the menses . Gal. So the ashes of a Bulls thigh . Avic . That of a heifer bindeth the belly : which Galen affirmeth of the filings of a Bulls horne . That of the ankle applied in wine , fastens the teeth ; Plin. Rhas . Hal. affirme it of the ashes , and that it fastneth the gums . Plin. And with myrrhe is a dentifrice . Gal. The same powder drunk with honey , killeth wormes : Rhas . And with wine those like gourd seeds . Gal. Rhas . Hal. The same with mulled vineger looseneth the spleen . Gal. It also helpeth white spots , Hal. and the leprosy . Gal. Hal. It gently causeth venery . Plin. The liquour helpeth wrinkles . The flesh applied for five dayes when boiled helpeth the bitings of men ; but veal is more effectual : The same applied helpeth tumours , when hot it helpeth impostumes ; so the gall , and bloud . Marcel . Plin. Applied fresh to the privities , it helpeth the ulcers thereof , and epiphora's : The same boiled in water and vineger an . and eaten , tempereth the stinking savour , and corrosions of the stomack . S. Seth. The broth helpeth the flux of the belly , caused by yellow choller : Plin. if of a heifer , as also the marrow . It helps the ulcers and clefts of the mouth . Plin. The ashes of a Cowes hide with honey helpe phagedens : that of an old shooe soale , helps gallings by the shooe ; Diosc . as also burnings , and other gallings ; so Hermol . with lineseed oile . Plin. Also kibes . As for the glew , see Bull. Rhas . The marrow and fatt serveth against the commotion of the nerves , and mollifieth the same . Plin. The marrow of the right fore legge with sour , helps the haires , diseases of the eye-browes , & corners thereof , and serveth for a calliblephary . Marcel . The marrow put into the eares helpeth them . Plin. The marrow of a hart or heifer with rolin helpeth the ulcers of the mouth . The marrow of a heifer with fine meale , baked , helpeth the dysentery , Marcel . especially the milk of Cowes being eaten . The marrow boiled with meale and wax , and a little oile , that it may be drunk , helpeth the coeliack and dysentery : See the fatt of Calves . Plin. The tallow , as also that of Calves , helpeth poysons , which hurt by exulceration . With the flower of frankincense it helpeth cornes , as also the leprosy , fellon , wild fire and scurvinesse , sc. with salt & raisins , organy , and leaven : So also the fatt of Goats , and helpeth adustions with oile of roses . Rhas . The marrow : and bloud concocteth abscesses with the fatt made into a plaister , and mollifieth hard tumours . Marcel . applied in a cerot with the juyce of an Asses dung , & scillae or squills , q. s . it helpeth the ulcers of the head . Plin. Boiled with oile it helpeth epiphora's . The fatt warmed with Goose grease , helpeth the hearing : Marcel . and the clefts of the mouth . Plin. So with the juyce of basil . Plin. Marc. It helpeth the stiffenesse of the neck , and botches with oile , mollifying the same . Plin. The fatt helpeth the diseases of the fundament . Diosc . The fatt of a Cow , Calfe or Bull is something astringent . Gesn . The bloud taken with vineger stoppeth the spittings of bloud . Hal. So that of a Goat being dropped into a wound . Rhas . It concocteth abscesses , used with the tallow , and mollifieth hard swellings . In Arcadia the milk of cows is used by those that are phthisical , and cachecktick : That of the Goat is fit for the stomach , the Cows is more physical and most looseneth the belly . Plin. The same helpeth those that have drunk meadow saffron , hemlock , venimous trefoile , or of the Sea Hare : The Grecians say that it vanquisheth all poysons , especially such as burne and corrode , & helps against the ephemeron , or cantharides , causing the evomition of the same ; so Plin. and Diosc . The barke of an oake boiled in Heifers milk , helpeth the stinging of Serpents . Plin. Nitre with the same and honey helpeth exulcerations in the face . The milk helpeth fresh ulcers of the mouth . Plin. Exulcerated tonsils washed with Cows or Goats milk are helped by the same , used as a gargarisme as soone as strained ; but that of Goats is best boiled with mallows and a little salt . Marcel . The milk of Goats Cows or Sheep new milked being used as a gargarisme helpeth the paines of the tonsils , and aswageth the swellings of the same . Marcel . Cows milk newly milked , heated , and used as a gargarisme , helps the throat straightned by catarrhes , and the exasperated jawes : the same with tarre , pissasphalt , with Harrs sewer , or with Sheeps milk an drunk or eaten effectually helpeth the phthisick . The milk taken boiled helpeth the exulcerated stomach : Plin. So that of an Asse . Diosc . It helps the exulcerating flux and tenesmus , red-fire stones being quenched therein , so that of Sheep or Goats : The same helpeth bilious fluxes , boiled to a third part , having flints and gadds of steele quenched therein ; Aet . It hurteth those that are feaverish , turning into acrimony . Plin. With the ashes of Harts horne or Bulls gall mixed with cumin seed , and applied with a gourd to the navil it helps the paine of the belly : Being injected it helpeth the corrosions of the bowels by strong remedies , and if there be a hot dysentery , boiled with the stones of the Sea , or prisan ; so the same having steele often quenched therein and so drunk warme , some use flints . Aetius prescribes Asses and Mares milk in the suppuration of the reines to cleanse them , and Cows milk after for nutriment . Plin. Some say the drinking of Heifers milk helpeth conception . Hippoc. Milk and wine drunk help the wounds of the intestines , with an equal part of water ; so also in the fracture of the scull . The liquour drawn thence and wine in B. M drunk certaine dayes , helps quartain agues . Some Women drink it after their purgation . The whey with honey and salt q. s . drunk moveth the belly , so Marcel . Plin. with cresses it helpeth the orthopnoea . Marcel . The marrow of an Heifer mixed with fine dough , baked and eaten , helpeth the dysentery , especially with the cheese of Cowes milk , fresh : So fresh cheese applied , drinking potions in which steele hath been quenched . So the butter with turpentine or boiled with mallows , or oile of roses : Some attribute the same effects to Mares milk . Plin. Some affirme that there is a stone in the head , which being worne helpeth the breeding of teeth , or the braine applied . Plin. The tophus found in the second venter of a Heiser , is counted good against the difficulty of birth : Which some affirme of that of Staggs . The broth of the tripes gargled helpeth the exulceration of the tongue and arteries . Plin. The liver of a Heifer helpeth the coeliack and dysentery . Hal. burned and drunk it helps the flux of the belly and bloud . Plin. Some adulterate the Indian Lycium with the gall hereof . The gall of an heifer is stronger than that of other foure-footed beasts . Avic . It is mixed with plaisters against ulcers , joyned with the crysipelas , and great paine . Gal. The gall of a bull is hotter and more drying , than that of Oxen. The gall mixed with honey , draweth forth iron or splinters sticking in the flesh . Rhas . With bdellium dissolved therein and vineger it helpeth fistula's . With alum and mirrhe mixed to the thicknesse of honey , applied , it presently helpeth the ulcers of the yard : Also beete boiled in wine may be applied , as also beefe applied . Plin. The gall applied , as also that of a Boare discusseth botches , and impostumes : So the bloud , and flesh . Plin. The seed of rocket therewith whiteneth black cicatrices . Avic . With nitre and fullers earth it helpeth scurf , the head being anointed with the same : It is also used in collyries against the haw of the eye . Rhasis affirmeth that taken by the nostrils it helps the falling sicknesse . Applied with cotton it helps the ringings of the ears , and with oile helpeth the paine thereof , if caused by cold . So Hal. Marcel . The gall of a Cow with the stale of a Goat helpeth the losse of hearing being dropped into the same ; Plin. so also if there be a purulency in the same : The gall of the Tortise with the cast slough of snakes mixed with vineger , may be added thereto . The skinne of Serpents burned and dropped into the eares with oile of roses is good against all griefes ; but chiefely the stinck of the same , with vineger , or better with the gall of the Goat : Also the gall of the Boare , Sow or Cow helpeth the paine of the eares with oile of Palma Christi , and roses an . especially that of the Bull , with the juyce of leekes , or with honey if there be suppuration . It helps the paine and vices of the eares , and stench thereof being warmed in the pill or rind of a pomegranate , so Plin. Avic . The gall anointed on the pallate serveth as an apophlegmatisme , drawing flegme from the head . Some use a linnen girdle about their midles , dipped into the gall using it three dayes , against the jaundise , renewing it every day . Hipp. in lib. de nat. Mul. Maketh a remedy thereof to cause conception in women . Plin. Mixed with oile of roses , and turpentine , and so applied with wool , it openeth the hardened womb . Rhas . Mixed with wine , the flesh of a Gourd , and honey , and so anointed on the fundament , it looseneth the belly . Avic . It openeth the hemorrhoids : Gal. Especially that of the Bull. Applied it helpeth the piles . Gal. It helps malignant and eating ulcers especially in the leggs , called lupus , being applied as a cataplasme with the juyce of carline thistle , and the greater celandine , an . Plin. The Spleen eaten with honey , and applied helpeth the paine of the spleen , and running ulcers with honey . It may also be drunk in wine against the spleen . The cleaning applied helps ulcers in the face . Plin. Twenty heads of garlick being bruised with vineger , and put into the bladder of a Cow , and applied help the paine of the spleen . Marcellus addeth verdigrease , and mustard seed . To help the collick apply a hot brick to the feet , wrapped in a cloth , the patient being in bed : then put some Goats milk into a Cows bladder , & apply it very hot to the navil , to cause sweat : and that the belly may not be stopped ; give the patient a little oile to drink warme . Afric . The foame applied keepeth flies from them . The urine of an Oxe with the ashes of the tamariske tree drunk or taken with meat , resisteth venery , Used as a bath it helps the coldnesse of the stomach , and hemorrhoids , so Hal. That of Heifers used as a gargarisme helpeth ulcers in the mouth , among souldiers , that are infectious , called die brune . That of a Cow is good against wounds made by fire . Their suppurations are better cured by Surgery , than Medicine : also their urine is good for the cavity used hot : So Columella . Plin. It helps bees fluxes , caused by tasting of the flowers of the cornel tree : so that of man . Gal. The dung of living creatures is very digestive , but that of man by reason of its extraordinary stinck is not much used ; that of the Cow , Goat , and certaine other creatures being without much smell , is much used . That of the Cow is of a drying faculty , and drawing , as appeareth when it is applied to the stingings of Bees , or wasps , notwithstanding it may help also by the property of its substance . Some have cured the dropsy therewith , plaistering the patient therewith , and setting him to dry in the sunne . That when they goe to grasse when moist , helps phlegmons in rustick bodies , being applied . That when they feed on chaffe is in a mediocrity as to the other : and they are fittest for the most rustick bodies , sc. against the kings evil , and all scirrhous tumours , applied with vineger , as a cataplasme , so Gal. Plin. Being heated it may be applied , where there is need of breaking , or that of Goats being boiled in vineger or wine . Avic . Gal. Applied with vineger it helps all tumours , & hot abscesses . Plin. Applied it helpeth S. Anthonies fire ; so that of a Calfe also . Applied fresh it helpeth the inflammation in wounds . Diosc . Applied with vineger it helps hardnesses , and botches . Plin. With honey it prevents swellings in greē wounds . Some say that it will asswage any swelling with barley meale ; so that of Goats . The same in May , being dry with egge shells , and the soles of old shoos , powdered , and cast on the wound or ulcers , helps those in the leggs , that are old ; also Cats tailes may be added for exiccation . Rhas . The dung blown up into the nostrils Stoppeth their bleeding , some adde vineger for the same purpose . Haly commends the ashes thereof . Rhas . Being wrapped up in a leafe and heated in the ashes it helps the swellings of the veines : Avic . Also it helps swellings behind the eares . Plin. Being boiled warme with vineger it discusseth botches , or wens . Marcel . The ashes mixed with bete help the scurfe of the head . Plin. The fume taken helps the phthisick . Avic . It is used also in diseases of the lungs , and its tabes , &c. Rhas . Drunk or used in a clyster it helps the flux caused by the ulcers of the intestines . The distilled water thereof drunk helps the yellow jaundise . Marcel . The liquor thereof strained when fresh being drunk helpeth the collick : Some adde ginger , cloves , mace and cinamon . Gal. Three spoonfuls of the dry dung , burned and drunk help the dropsy ; so Rhas . Some also observe the sex : The dry , with vineger and water mixed and applied as a cataplasme to the belly helps the dropsy , so Rhas . So that of a Calfe . Diosc . The fomentation therewith helps the sciatica , so Plin. Marcel . and Avic . it being applied ; And the gout when fresh and hot . Plin. Diosc . The fume of that of a Bull helps the falling of the matrix . Hippocrates addeth other things thereto . Plin. The water of which they have drunk helpeth the paines of the head . Hartm . in Chymiat . The extract of the spleen helps the suppression of the menses . Prosp. Alp. In Egypt some women , take the gall nine dayes in baths , to cause them to be fat . Jonst . Vital . de furn . The butter T. Is naturally hot and moist , with the prevalency of heat , viscous and unctuous . V. The same eaten often moisteneth the stomack , looseneth the belly , lenifieth the brest , and helpeth it , as also ulcers thereof , and of the intestines , especially , when fresh it is good also to lenify the lungs , and cure its impostumes , it having a property to maturate , dissipate and cleanse all humours and superfluities of the brest ; especially eaten with honey and sugar . It resisteth poyson , moisteneth the body , mollifieth and helpeth the roughnesse of the eyes , dissolveth and ripeneth impostumes , mitigateth the wounds of the brest , lungs , and gripings of the intestines : And mollifieth and looseneth contracted nerves . It is very good against inward poysons being drunk with warme milk , in a great quantity : it obstructing the passages by its fatnesse , that the poyson cannot get to the heart . The best is the freshest . Cheese helps the dysentery , Hipp. and 3d species of the tabes . Donat. ab Alto mar . A suppository thereof anointed with honey helps the ascarides in children . The whey doth extenuate thick humours , cleanse and loosen the belly : Therefore the antients did often use it for the same purpose , especially in those which they would purge without acrimony , sc. The melancholick , epileptick , leprous , and against the elephantiasis , and breeking out of pushes in the body . The urine of an Oxe having amber quenched therein , helpeth impotency . The fume of the bloud with S. Katharines flower , helpeth the hemicrania . Their hornes serve to make lanthorns of . Their nerves to make whips of . The powder of their bones helps the catarrhe and gout . The Chinois use the dung to feed fishes with . The hoofes drive away little beasts from vines . Schrod . The horne filed helps the epilepsy . The fume helps the contagion of the aire . The bloud helps the dysentery , it discusseth and mollifieth . The marrow helps trembling members . The oile of the hoofs mollifieth tumours , and easeth paine and luxations . The fume of the hoof driveth away mice . The dung cooleth , dryeth moderately , discusseth , and mightily easeth paine . The juyce is used by some against burning feavers and the collick . Querc . The stone in the ventricle helps the jaundise . The powder of that of the gall is a good errhine . The milk is windy , helps the rains and diarrhoea . H. And hurts the splenetick , hepatick , epileptick , vertiginous , feaverish , & headach . Coagulated it helps the scurvy . Fresh-cheese helpeth the gout and heat , the tincture of the gall is a cosmetick . The extract opens the spleen , the D. is scrup. 1. the bones strenghten .

Crocodile . Crocodilus . P. In Asia , Africa , and America , especially Nilus . M. Of Fishes , and mans flesh , and other Creatures . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 : Lacertus Palladii . Heb. Koah .

Crocodile . Jonst . Some eate them as also their Eggs. V. Their Decoction helps those that are bitten by Spiders . Kiran. Their canine teeth filled with frankincense help the Types of Feavers : and if taken from them alive , applied to the right part of a man , and left of a Woman cause venery . The bloud cleareth the eyes , and helps the bitings of Serpents . The fat applied helps the shiverings of agues , as also old ulcers and the Canker . The Ashes of the skinne mixed with the mother , or lees of oile , make any part so stupid , that it cannot be felt when dismembred . Some say that being anointed with their fat , a man may safely swim amongst them . Some in the Indies nourish them for punishment , casting the prisoner bound , unto them . Their skin is impenitrable , except under the belly : their length 20 cubits , the head broad , the nose like the Sows , the teeth close set , the upper jaw moveable : they generate by resupination , bring forth 60 eggs , and young in 60. dayes . They are enemies to the Ichneumon , Bugil , Tiger , Hawk , Hogfish , Dolphin , Scorpion and Man ; But love the Wren . Aldrovand . The excrements help freckles .

D.
Dogge . Canis . P. Almost in all Countries in the whole World . M. Of any thing , chiefely flesh . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Keleb . Arab. Kelbe .

DOg. Gal. T. he thinketh the flesh to be something like that of the Hare , being dry , as the Foxe also . They are eaten by some : the Indians eate the Milke . V. Gesn . A young Puppy applied to the bowels helps the pains thereof , attracting the disease . The Melitean applied helps the pain of the stomach , so Plin. and Seren. as also Marcel . And often dyeth of the same . Sext. Dissected and applied they help the pain of the spleen , and all pain , a blinde whelp being eaten . The Liver thereof helpeth madnesse . The ointment , or fat helpeth the palsey . Sext. The worme under the tongue of a mad Dogge worne about the neck , helps the bitings of a mad Dog : So Plin. The bloud of a tick taken from a Dogge is a Psilothron ; which some attribute to that of a Dog . The ashes of a Dogge applied with Oile , colour the eyebrows black . The skinne of a Dogge worne on the hands prevents destillations : put thrice about the neck it helpeth the quinsey , so Marcel . Worne about the midle it helpeth the pain of the belly . Bloud . The nervous flesh of a Dog drunk , helpeth the biting of a Dogge , so the flesh hereof salted : Diosc . So the bloud drunk , and helps against poyson , so Plin. Sext. Drunk it helpeth the tormina , and some say trembling also . Plin. It cureth the itch . Sext. The grease with old oile and juyce of wormewood gently put into the eare helpeth deafenesse from any cause , so Marcel . and Plin. Aesculap . Dogs grease helps the Gout also . Plin. And Nits . With Alum the q. of a bean it helps the incontinency of urine , so the Milk of Bitches . Marcel . The Marrow of a Dogge kneaded with old Wine , and applied , will help the swelling of the fundament . Plin. The haire applied with a cloth helps the headach . The ashes thereof applied help against their biting : Blond . And stop the bloud . Plin. The brain of a Dog , applied with a linnen cloth , and wool thereon , will in 14. dayes consolidate broken bones . Some say the braine of a whelp will cure the glaucoma in 7. dayes . Plin. The ashes of a Doggs head will take away all excrescencies ; erode and cure them , serving in stead of spodium . Marcel . And is better in ulcers of the genitals . Plin. It helpeth Cancrous wounds . Rhas . The ashes of the upper part of a Dogs head , being made into a plaister with Oile of Roses , applied help and dry ulcers of the head . Plin. It helpeth burnings : The same helps the wounds of Dogs , or fine salt torrified with tarre . Sext. It helps those that are bitten by a mad Dog . Plin. The powder of the same without the flesh helpeth the testicles , also tabid and humid ulcers sprinkled on , or applied with vineger , and is useful as spodium , so Marcel . Plin. It helps the vices of the fundament . Sext. It helps the piles , chaps in the fundament , and all uncleanlinesse . Pelag. It helpeth the falling off of the hairs on Horse tails , being first anointed with butter . Plin. It helps whitlows , and the Pterygia : Sheeps butter being applied with Honey . Sext. It taketh away cicatrices . Absyrt . The sume of a Dogs head helps the plague of cattle . Plin. With mulse it helps the jaundise . Sext. So that of a mad Dog drunk , also pains of the teeth , and the ashes with Cypresse Oile dropped into the aking eare help the same , so Plin. Albert. Their eare Wax mixed with Wine doth inebriat . The greatest left Canine tooth helpeth the tooth-ach after scarification . Plin. So the decoction in Wine . The ashes help Children not easily breeding teeth with Honey , there may also be made a dentifrice thereof . Sext. The ashes with Honey represse the Gummes , that the teeth may grow without paine : Aesculap . The tooth touched with the same doth presently come forth ; the powder helps the tooth-ach and gums . Sextus useth it in a gargarisme with Wine . Aesculap . The powder helps the cicatrices of the eyes . Serap . Sylvat . The grinders bound to the arme in the skin help the bitings of a mad Dog . Pliny useth the longest tooth of a black Dog against quartans . Rhas . The long teeth also help the jaundise . Blond . By licking they cure both their own and others wounds and ulcers . Plin. The froth , or slime under a mad Dogs tongue , being drunk , hindereth the hydrophobie , or fear of water . Sext. The same drunk with Wine helpeth the Dropsy , though it 's rather affirmed of the former . Rhas . The curd of a little whelp , mixed with Wine presently helpeth the Collick . Plin. The vomit of a Dog applied to the belly , presently draweth the water thereof : Sext. And so cureth the Dropsy . The Liver of a mad Dog eaten , helps the biting of the same . With oesypus & Honey the Gall helps spots in the face : and roughnesse of the skin , with Oile of Roses , and the Morphew . Aesculap . The Gall of a Dog with Honey helpeth the eyes : Plin. And white spots therein . Marcel . Drach. 2. thereof or of the Milk , and as much Honey , heated and dropped into the eare , and stopped in with wool : are excellent , even though there be a Cancer therein . Plin. The Gall used with a Feather helpeth the Gout . A little q. of that of a mad Dog , quickly killeth , so Bertrut . That of a black Dog , is used by Magitians as an amulet . Sext. The spleen drunk in Wine helpeth the spleen : so applied , Plin. Some use very young whelps , with vineger of squills , or the spleen of an hedg-hog . The genital of a Dog also is used by Magitans as an amulet . Plin. The womb of a Bitch boiled in Oile , being spread over with Sheeps butter and Honey helps the white-flow : The secundine draweth forth the birth . Diosc . The first Milk of a Bitch helps against poyson . Plin. The ashes there with hinder the growth of hair . Marcel . So it helpeth haires troubling the eyes : Some adde ivie gum , and the Milk of spurg with wine , after evulsion , so Sext. Diosc . Aesculap . &c. The Milk dropped into the eyes , helps the spots thereof Plin. and pains , of the eares : Marcel . So that of Beares . Sext. The Milk applied facilitats dentition in Children . Plin. And scaldings of the mouth . Diosc . It expelleth the dead conception , some adde Honey and Wine , so Sext. Aesculap . Rhas . Sext. The urine is a psilothron : with wool it helps Cornes and Warts . Diosc . With Nitre it helps the Leprosy and Itch : as also the Jaundise . Pliny affirms that he that mixeth his urine with that of a Dog , shall feel a numnesse of the loines , and be hindred from venery : as also that the Herbe neer which it is evacuated , helps Luxations . Gal. The white dung , called Album graecum helps the quinsey , dysentery , and old ulcers , and malignant . Rhas . Pounded with the juyce of Coriander , it helps red abscesses . Blond . The hair of a Dog , stoppeth the bloud . Plin. The ashes of the dung help all sorts of Warts , with Wax , or Oile of Roses . The bones out of them applied help the siriasis , or inflammation in the heads of Children . The white dung drunk with the lye of the ashes , helpeth the epilepsy . With salt , rue , sout , & sugar mixed & applied it helps the Rannula of the tongue , being a broad black ulcer of the same , killing in 9. dayes ; and it 's known by the falling out of the spitle . Diosc . It , as also mans applied help the quinsey , so Gal. and Rhas . it is an excellent remedy . Some use it with the ashes of Swallows . Blond . With Honey it helps the inflammation of the tonsils also . Some use it against the falling of the uvula , with long Pepper , the yellow roots of mountain lilly , and nightshade . Diosc . Drunk with water it stops the belly : So taken with the decoction of galls , or water of pome granats : so with Milk in which steel hath been quenched . Sext. The ashes applied with Honey help the Tinea of infants : sc. applied to the Navil , so Gesn . With Lilly water it helps the pain of the womb . The powder with red Wax , and a little Oile helpeth the sciatica , coloquintida and centaury being used before it , so Marcel . Plin. with Oile of Roses it helps the Rhagades , so Sext. Marcelius addeth beets . The same helps the piles being first anointed with grease , and having the ashes of Garlick , sprinkled thereon : or both applied with Oile . The biting of Dogges is helped by washing with the urine thereof , as also Walnuts with Onians , salt , and Honey , some adde organy : Others use Nitre and Vineger , and fill the wounds with dry burned Anet . See more in Aet . & Aeg. And outwardly ; Vineger , Garlick , beete , dogs urin , Dane wort , Figtree leaves , Garum , Tornsole , Flower deluce , Hore hound , Nitre , Bramble leaves , Mans hair , with vineger . Inwardly , Garlick , Calamint , Bawm . If of a mad Dog , outwardly , the compounded remedies of Gal. and Aet . And treacle . The simples are Vineger , Betony , Lime pounded with grease , bitter vetch with Wine , crude beans eaten . Cockes dung with vineger . A Goats liver . Hore hound leaves . Walnuts . Dungs of Cattel . Rue . Sealed Earth , and Vervin , &c. Inwardly the Antidote of Esdra . Mithridate , that of Walnuts , and the triacles . Simples , Garlick , Wormwood , Madwort . Pimpernel . Onions , Leekes , Dogs rose . Dry pitch of India . Hellebore , Honey , Plantain , sealed earth , the root of the white Vine : After cauteries , &c. Schrod . Dogs grease taken inwardly is hotter than the rest , & helpeth wounds & ulcers , cleanseth and consilidats , and therefore helps the phthisick , and bruises . Album graecum dryeth , cleanseth , discusseth , openeth , breaks impostumes , and cleanseth exulcerations . It helpeth the collick , &c. outwardly , it mollifieth hard tumours : applied to the belly it attracteth Hydropick water ; with Oile of Roses it cureth Warts . The balsome of Whelps , made thereof suffocated in white Wine , and boiled with Arthritick herbs , Oiles , and Rosins , helpeth contracted parts , the Sciatica , and Arthritick pains . Wecker maketh an ointment of the Whelps , which serveth against wounds made by warlike engins : and Furnerus distilleth a Water , serving to hinder the grouth of hair , thence , Jonst . They grow mad by eating corrupted meat , and full of wormes , especially in the Dog-dayes : Then they have no appetite to meat , and feare the water , they wander about , barke hoarsely , foame at the mouth , look angrily , and hang down the tail . They are cured by bloud letting in the legges : annoniting with the poplar ointment , and use of some colagogick remedy , and bath of the decoction of fumitory , sharp pointed docks , and the root of Elicampane : Pliny preserveth them by giving them Womans milk . They are enemies to the Hiena , Crocodile , and Woolfe chiefly . Aldrov . Album graecum drunk in Wine helps the Epilepsy . With red Wax and Oile , it helps the Sciatica , and so hee agreeth with Gesner , &c.

Dormouse . Glis . P. In woods , and about old houses . In England , &c. M. Of beech nuts , &c. And Apples . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Akbar . Arab. Pir. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 .

Dormouse Platin. T. in qualities it is not much unlike the Porcupine , or Badger , and the flesh is eaten by some . V. Plin. The ashes with Oile help burnings ; Sext. A Dormouse applied taketh away warts . Their ashes , as also of the Rat , mixed with Honey , and eaten every morning cleanse the eyes . Marcel . Rosted with Oile and Salt , and eaten by those that have the peripneumony , or are empyematous ; it woonderfully helpeth them , and those that spit forth empyematous matter . Their ashes , as also of Rats and Earth-worms applied with Oile help kibes . Their fat with that of a Hen , and Cows marrow melted , and dropped warm into the eares is very good also . Plin. It helpeth the palsey , so Sext. Plin. The dormouse boiled with Spikenard , ad tertias , & dropped warme into the eares helpeth the old griefes thereof : so Aldrov . Marcel . Or with Honey ; which some affirm of woodlice . Jonst . They were dainties amongst the Romans . Their flesh eaten , helps the Doglike appetite . The fat applied to the soles of the feet causeth sleep . Their dung drunk helps the stone . With vineger and Rosemary it helps the Alopecia . They are like ; but lesse than Squirrels . They sleep in hollow trees in the Winter , and can hardly be revived .

E.
Elephant . Elephantus . P. In Africa . Asia . Libia , and Getulia , &c. M. Of fennish Herbs , Leaves of Trees , and Fruits , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Behemah . Arab. Behiz .

ELephant . Aelian . T. only the trunk , lips , and marrow of their hornes are edible . Gil. Yet the Aethiopians eare their hinder-parts . Vartoman . Also in some Countries they eate their reines . V. Marcel . Vergil . The ashes of a Weasel , mixed with the bloud of an Elephant help the Elephantiasis . Plin. Isid . The bloud especially of the Male helps all fluxions , or rheumatismes . Plin. It helpeth the sciatica . Albert T. the flesh is cold and dry , and very unpleasant . Rhas . Also heavy and fat . V. the decoction made thereof with vineger , and fennel-gyant , being taken by a Woman with Child , causeth abortion : Rhas . The same helpeth the old cough . The fat helps against poyson some things , being anointed therewith , and a suffumigation made , so Aelian . and Avic . so Diosc . With that of a Hart. Albert. Rhas . Applied it helpeth the head-ach . Isid. The fume made of the hoofe and haires driveth away all venimous beasts also . Schrod . The Ivory T. is cold and dry ( Sylv. 1 ° . ) moderatly , it bindeth , incideth , and strengthneth the bowels . V. it stoppeth the whites in Women , helpeth the jaundise , killeth wormes , helpeth old obstructions , and easeth the pain and weakenesse of the stomach . It helpeth the epilepsy , driveth away melancholy , and resisteth putrefaction and poyson . The filings thereof are used in infusions , and the powder is given in substance : the D. is drach . sem . When burned it is called the Spodium of Ivory , to difference it from the mineral , hereof are made troches , often used . Sylv. Ivory doth strengthen the heart by its whole substance , and helpeth conception , but heed must be taken , that it be not adulterated by the bones of fishes , and other Creatures . Spodium is cold 3° . dry 2 ° . which some deny . It is sometimes adulterated by Dogs bones burned , and Marble , the best is the whitest and very light , so Platear . This Spodium is used in cooling Syrups , and against poyson , as also Harts horne : Both of thē also are good against the Elephantiasis . Nemes . Ivory & Gastoreum in milk , given to a mad Horse , help him thereof . drach. 1. given in mulse , helps the Lethargy , or plague after the taking of Hiera Ruffi , and the hinder part of the head hath been anointed with Oile and Castor : taking after drach. 1. of Castor with Melicrat , so Aet . Diosc . Serap . Plin. The powder applied helpeth the paronychia . Plin. With Hony , it cleanseth the face ; so Sext. Rhas . drach. 1. thereof with 10. of the Water of Mountain Horsmint , helps the Leprosy . Gesn . mixed with Harts horne it helps against Wormes . Agric. Drunk fasting Macerated in Wine , or some opening Water it helpeth the Jaundise , long obstructions , and paines of the stomach . With mulse it helps the epilepsy . Some say that the fine powder of burned Ivory drunk with the bloud of a Goat , doth break the stone in the reines , or bladder . Combs made hereof are thought to hee best for the head , which some say , is because they have small scent . The touch of the trunk helps the headach . Plin. The lest part thereof with the rubrick of lemnos , abateth venery . The Liver helpeth the falling sicknesse . The tip thereof eaten with Water and Leaves of sumach helps the paine of the Liver , so Rhas . and Albert. Diosc . The gall is commended by some against the bitings of Serpents . Albert. taken into the nostrils it helps the falling sicknesse : Rhasis addeth an equal part of Musk . Rhas . Albert. The dung applied killeth Lice : the fume of the same driveth away Gnats . Hal. The suffumigation helps the belly of those that are Feaverish : used with wool it hinders conception . Jonst . The Nitre of Ivory is made dul , by Womens courses . Aldrovandus also confirmeth what was affirmed by Gesner . As for their skinne , it is wrinkled and scabbed . The head deformed , eares little , & eyes by way of comparison , so the tongue , with 4. teeth within for to eate with , and a trunk serving in stead of a hand . They have short joynts , two tears under their shoulders , a genital like a Horse , but little , testicles inward about the reines , 4. venters , a liver fourtimes as bigge as an Oxes , so the lungs . They generate when 5. years old , in the water , and some goe 3. yeares , or more as is affirmed . They are enemies to the Rhinoceros , Lion , Tigre , Ram , Hog , Serpents , and Dragons , as also to the fire . As for their age some say they live an hundred , or two hundred yeares . Their diseases are inflations and fluxes , also Leprosies . They often fight furiously , revenge injuries , love their keepers , naturally fear men , and are very teacheable . Their differences are according to place ; so some live in fenny places , some on mountaines , some in fields , others in woods , &c.

Elk. Alce . P. In Rusia , Prussia , Hungary , and Illyria . M. They feed upon grasse . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Magna bestia Caes . Equicervus , Albert. M.

Elk. Jonst . T. is of a thick and melancholick juyce ; yet it 's eaten by the inhabitants of their Countrey , both fresh , and powdered . The Horn's are astringent and antepileptick . V. The nerues are used against the spasme , being worne like a girdle about the grieved part . The hoof helps the Epilepsy and hysterick passion , the first it doth being worne as a ring : and the last , the scrapings thereof being given with a like part of zedoary : more antepileptick formes may be seen in Authours . Schrod . The shavings may be drunk against the falling sicknesse , outwardly a piece of the hoof may be set in a ring , to be worn on the finger next the least , else in the care , applied to the pulse , or hung about the neck ; so that it may touch the skin . The D. is Scrup. sem. drach. 1. or more : it may be known by the smell , which is sweet when burned : and some say it must be taken from the male , when adult , and venerious , betwixt the feast of the assumption of Mary , and her nativity ; from the right hinder foot , when alive . As for the description , he is almost of the making of a Hart ; but bigger , feareful , and subject to the Epilepsy ; yet some distil an epileptick arcanum out of the brain thereof . Jonst . Also the fore parts are lower than the hinder parts , they hanging down the head : the hair is long , of a whitish ash colour , the head is long & lean , the lips are prominent & thick , especially the uppermost : The mouth long , the teeth indifferent , the eares long and broad , the skin thick and solid , the Horns about lib. 12. not ramous as the stagges . When hunted he flies to the Water , and sucking it up casts it on the Dogs . In the Snow they tread in one an others foot steps . Tops . They graze backwards , the upper lip otherwise dubling over their mouthes .

F.
Ferret . Viverra . P. In England , France , Italy , and Germany , &c. M. Of Conyes , Pigeons , and Fishes , Tops . or milk . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Furo , Furus , Furunculus & furectus .

FErret . Tops . T. the flesh and teeth are counted poysons ; V. the Gall helpeth the poyson of Aspes : the same is commended against the falling sicknesse : Marcellus , so the whole Body , if it be tosted , dressed , and eaten fasting like a young Pig . Plin. The Body mixed with a Goats gall , helpeth against the long flye called a Frier , flying into the flame of Candles burning in the night , which is counted poyson some . They are of a very hot temperature , and therefore quickly digest their meat : and being wild by reason of their feare , they rather seek their meat in the night than in the day . Rhas . Albert. They are kept out of dove-coats by hanging the head of a Woolf there , so Cats , &c.

Fitch . Putorius . P. Almost every where in England about houses . M. Of Hens , Birds , Mice , Rabbets , and Fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Catus , fuina Scaligeri .

Fitch . T. V. The part of use taken from them is the skinne , which is used in garments ; it 's of a rank smell , so that it offendeth the head , and causeth pain therein : therefore it 's sold cheaper than the Foxes ; the fattest is the worst , and they are best in Winter , their flesh and lust being then lower , and so hurt lesse by their smell . They live in tops of houses and secret corners , woods , by the Sea sides , and caves of hollow trees ; especially in the stalls of cattel , hay houses , and where they meet with Eggs. When taking the prey , they feed first on the head .

Foxe . Vulpes . P. In Russia , the Alpes , and England , &c. M. Of Hens , Geese , Conies , Hares , Mice , and Grapes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Schual . Arab. Thaleb . Volpes .

Foxe . Gal. T. the flesh is dry , somewhat like that of the Hare . Rhas . It is hot , viscous , hard of concoction , and of bad juyce , and is best in autumne . Aet . It is of exceeding bad aliment , being unlike mans nature , and stinking . V. Gesn . Plin. Marcel . The decoction of the flesh helpeth the Gout . Sext. So the Oile : Gal. And that of a Hyena , abiding some time therein after evacuation , or purgation , that it may not attract the humours to the joynts , so Aet . Hal. The Oile of a Fox decocted helps nodes : and the joynts hurt by moisture , so Rhas . So decocted skin and all till boiled to pieces . Mesue prescribeth it with Sea water , &c. With anet and time : so also the decoction of a Hare , or hedg-hog , L. Favent . The decoction of a Fox excoriated , and unbowelled having his bones broken , used as an embrocation to the nucha and paralytick part , helpeth the same . Myrepsus also maketh an excellent ointment thereof , against the incontinencie of the nerves , gout , joynt ache , and all affections and drynesse of the nerves . Avic . The skinne , is hotter than the rest , useful for parts too much moistned by humours , or fluxions , having a resolving and discussing faculty . Sext. Shoos lined therewith ease the podagrick , sc. by cold ; so with that of the Sea Calfe , Lion , or Woolf. Albert. The ashes of the flesh of a Foxe drunk with Wine help the asthma . Sylv. Their bloud drunk fresh breaketh the stone . Myrepsus makes a nephritick antidote thereof : Some drink the dry bloud in Wine for the same purpose with sugar . Absyrt . Being used as an errhine with gentle oxicrate it helps the Lethargy in Horses . Sylv. The fat of a Fox is betwixt that of the Bull and Sow : Avic . Sometimes it atrracteth more than it resolveth . That of the Beare may be its substitute , mixed with that of a Woolf , it helps the spasme : Her . Also the pains of the nerves , and tremblings . Aet . It helps high tumours , being mixed with the ashes of vine branches , and boiled with lye . Sylv. Her . It helps the alopecia : Plin. Also ulcers of the head , especially the gall and dung applied with a like q. of Mustardseed . It helpeth the ulcers of the Womb. Diosc . And the pains of the eares , being first melted at the fire , and dropped in warme : so Sext. Avic . Albert. and Rhas . Gal. With a like q. of lard it helps the diseases of the nerves ; And eares troubled with water , so that of Geese , or Hens , as also sounding of the eares and sharp paines . Hal. With the Oile , of Oily pulse , it helps the teeth also , and other vices of the eares , except fractures , which may be helped by Calves glue , relented in water . Plin. It helps the diseases of Cows . Absyrt . Theomn . And falling off of haire from an Horses taile . Aeg. The ashes of the head with the some of the Sea , and leaves of black Alkanet , breed hair in the alopecia when brought to the cicatrice . Sext. The brain often given to Children preventeth the falling sicknesse . Plin. Some say that the tongue preventeth blearednesse of the eyes . Marcel . And worn about the neck in scarlet , it helps white spots in the eyes . Applied after soaking in Wine it draweth out darts . Diosc . Gal. The powder of the Lungs drunk helpeth shortnesse of breath : Plin. So the Liver drunk in red Wine : and Marcel . in old Wine : so Paul . and Avic . drach. 1. being drunk : after purgation give the ashes . Rhasis useth the powder with cold water , or that of raisins . Sylv. It is to be washed from the bloud , dryed in an Oven , and so to be kept , and to be powdered when to be used : Some wash it in Wine , then dry it , and preserve it with sugar : Others take away , the rough arteries also , and wrap it in wormwood that it may not putrifie , so Cord. hereof is made a Lohoch used in the shops . Rhas . Albert. Some use the lungs of a Woolf , in Milk with Pepper , for the same purpose . Sylv. It helps the phthisical , by the property of it's whole substance . Plin. Sext. The ashes drunk in water help the spleen . Archig . The liver of a Fox drunk in Oxycrate helps the spleen , Marcel . and Sextus also commend it . Plin. Drunk with black Wine it openeth the respiratorie passages ; as also the lungs , Plin. The fat helps ulcers of the head ; but especially the gall , and dung with a like q. of Mustard seed . Sext. Dropped into the eares with Oile it helps the paines thereof ; and mixed with Honey , so applied to the eyes , it wonderfully helps the dimnesse thereof . Rhas . drach . 1. Being used in the matrice for 3. dayes , causeth conception of a male , being used as a pessary . Plin. The reines applied with Honey help the tonsils ; so Sext. Plin. Sext. The genital bound about the head , helps the paines thereof . Plin. It , as also that of Woolfes , Weasels and Ferrets , is bony , and therefore good against the stone . Sext. Being boiled in old Oile , with bitumen , and applied as a pessary , it helps the suffocation in Women , anointed on the head it helpeth the alopecia , and dropped in helps the paines of the eares . Plin The testicles help the swellings behind the eares , and discusse wens . Sext. They help the groin often rubbed therewith . Gal. A spoonfull of the powder drunk , helpeth the erection of the genital . Montagnana mixeth them with a remedy to cause venery in men , and conception in Women ; but this may rather be attributed to the Satyrion called Foxstones , which serve also against the tetanos . Rhas . Two of them taken by a Woman cause conception . Sext. The taile woorn on the arme causeth venery . Marcel . The dung stamped with vineger and applied , helpeth the Leprosy . Rhas . With Oile of Roses applied on the genital , it increaseth the strength of salacity : so used in a pessary by Women , so Gal. Or applied to the privities of either , with Cows tallow . Schrod . The Lungs consolidate and cleanse . The liver helpeth the Hepatick . The bloud applied to the abdomen , groin , and reins , helpeth the stone . The ashes of the flesh help the vices of the brest : Jonston mentioneth not any thing but what hath been already related . As for the description it is needlesse . They generate lying on the ground , & copulate sometimes with Dogs , & bring forth 4. or 5. young ones , blind , which they then lick . They are frends to the Serpent , and enemies , to wild Rue , the Kite , Vultur , & Eagle , as also to the Crow , & Badgers , which they drive out of their hoales , by defiling them with their excremēts . They imitate the Dog by houling & barking . They are very subtile , and keep diverse hoals open . When troubled with fleas they gently sink down in the water , having a little Hay , or some other thing on their backs for them to crepe to . They kill urchins by injecting their urine into their mouthes . They seem to play with the hares , and so suddainly catch them , when hungry they tumble themselves in red earth , and so lie as if dead with their tongues out , and when the birds of prey come to feed on them , they suddainly take them . Being taken by the foot they will bite it off to escape ; and if they cannot , they will seem dead . Comming into a Henroost , they will shake their tails , to affright them , and when off their pertches they each them . When hunted they will run up into a Tree , where often they show much sport , and when constrained to leap down , they fall on the best Dogs , to wound them or be killed by them . Their differences are according to magnitude , and colour , being either back white , or crossed ; hither may the Indian Foxes also be reduced , of which , &c. See the Appendix of unusuall exoticks .

Frog . Ranunculus vir . P. Almost every where , in woods , and among reeds . M. Of the Leaves of Trees , bushes . and reeds . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Calamites . Agredula Isid .

Frog of the Land . Jonst . T. the green Frog is sometimes eaten . V. It helpeth many diseases . Pliny saith , that it helps the cough , the mouth being spitten in . Sylv. Held in the hand , it taketh away the heat of feavers . Guainerius feedeth Hens with their flesh boiled , made into a pap with Barly meale , which then serve for those that are hectick . Timotheus applied them dissected to the reins of those that are Hydropick , to bring forth the water . Plin. The Liver tied in the skin of a Crane causeth venery . The fat applied to an aking tooth breaketh it : The bloud hinders the grouth of hair after evulsion . It is of the same vertue as the water Frog . The bloud is a Philtron . Weikard : the ashes stop bleeding in wounds .

G.
Goat . Capra . P. In Wales , Africa , Sardinia , Spain , &c. M. Of the Arbute-tree , Evergreen privet , Oake , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Ez. Arab. Dakh .

GOat . Gal. T. the flesh is lesse dry than beef ; yet much exceedeth mans temper . The Kids is of easier digestion . The Goats is sharp and of ill juyce , but is best in spring and sommer , feeding then on shrubs . The older they are the worse : it is of much nourishment , strong juyce , clammy , and so lasteth long ; but of hard concoction , and generateth melancholick diseases ; it hath all the evil proporties of beef , and is more flatulent , causing belchings and choller . H. it is bad for Women that have ulcers in the Womb , so that of Hogs and beef , so Hipp. Rhasis connteth it more cooling than Motton , and of little nourishment . The milk doth but little trouble the belly , feeding on astringent food , so its good for the stomach , so Diosc . The most nourishing is Womans milk , then Goats , hence happily arose the fable of Jupiters being nourished thereby . Gal. It is nothing neer so fat as Cows milk . If the Goat feed on scammonie , or spurge , the milk will loosen the belly . It is moderate in respect of other milks , being not very fat or thick , so in a mean . It is not good to be taken without Honey , it usually curdling otherwise , and causeth griefes : some also adde water , or salt , so Gal. The milk of Women is most , temperate , then the Goats , Asses , Sheeps , and lastly the Cows , so Aeg. the Goats is temperate in substance , lesse purging than the Cows , otherwise good enough , and not a little nutritive , next is the Sheeps , and lastly the Cows . So Bapt. Fier . Mant. Var. Of all liquid things that man useth Milk is the most nourishing , and so , first the Sheeps , then the Goats : the most purging is , the Mares . 2. The Asses . 3. The Cows , and lastly the Goats . Cheeses most nourishing are the Cowes , and of difficult descent , next the Sheeps , and the Goats , of least ; yet easily descend . V. Gesn . The Goat yeeldeth a multitude of remedies , which is to be wondered at , some affirming that they are feverish . Plin. The decoction thereof with the skinne , and the Frog called rubeta helps the diseases of all fourefooted Beasts : Magicians use the right eye taken from a living greene lizard with the head cut off afterwards , which applied in the skinne of a Goat , helpeth against quartains . Marcel . The ashes of a Goats skinne applied with Oile helpe kibes : Plin. The same help gallings by shooes . Marcel . The scrapings of the skinne , pounded with Pumice stone , and mixed with vineger , help pushes : Also a thong of the skinne tied about the Dugges of a Woman , helps the bleeding of a Womans nostrills . Plin. The decoction thereof , boiled with the haire stoppeth the belly . Aesculap . The ashes of the haires stop all fluxes . Sext. mixed with vineger they stop bleeding at the nostrills : Marcel . So with pitch and vineger . Sext. and the Lethargy , being put into the nostrils . Plin. The dung in mulse expelleth the stone , so the ashes of the haires : The stinck of the Hornes , or haires helpeth the Lethargy . Marcel . The ashes drunk help the strangury . Plin. The haires , or horne burned drive away Serpents , and help their wounds being drunk , or applied . Plin. Magicians use the flesh rosted at the fire wherein a mans body is burned , against the falling sicknesse : so Sext. Plin. The Sanies , or matter of a Goats liver rosted , helps the dimnesse of sight , or the gall thereof , the flesh being eaten , and the eyes held over the steme whilest boiled . Plin. The Grecians used the broth against cantharides . As for the bloud see that of Bulls . Marcel . Applied it taketh away spots . Diosc . Drunk it helpeth against Toxicum , being drunk with Wine . Aesculap . Drunk it resisteth poyson . Plin. So decoct with marrow : Some mixe it with earth of Lemnos . Diosc . commendeth that of kids also used in antidotes , Sext. Drunk it helpeth humours , or fluxes of the belly , as some say : though Pliny affirmeth it looseneth the belly , as also the marrow , and Liver : which is denyed by Diosc . and Gal. Who affirme it helpeth the paines of the belly also . Some give it with Hony against the Dropsy : it being of thick terrene essence and dry with heat . Plin. Boiled with the marrow it helpeth the dysentery . With Barly meale and Rosin , spread upon the belly it helpeth the paines thereof . Marcel . With the branne of meale it stoppeth the dysentery . Marcel . It breaketh the stone ; with Barly meale it helpeth all vices of the fundament . Dios . The fat is astringent , and therefore helpeth the dysentery , and mordacity in the strait gut , and Colon , being of a thick substance . Gal. That of Kids is lesse hot and dry : and that of shee Goats , than of the Masculine , or male Goat . Rhas . It is more astringent than that of Cows . Diosc . It helpeth those that have drunk Cantharides . Plin. Applied with Wax it helpeth the wounds of Serpents . Aesculap . It helps all bitings and hurts . Columel . For the most part , griefs of the Body if without wounds are helped by fomentations , the old by cauteries , butter , or Goats fat being dropped in , sc. in Cattel , Plin. It helpeth Kibes : with Lime it discusseth Wens , so Marcel . Plin. With Sandaracha it helps rough nailes , so Sext. Plin. Applied to Ringwormes with Cantharides and the juyce of the grapes of the wild vine it helpeth them : with Wax it helpeth creeping ulcers , so with pitch and brimstone : with Honey and the juyce of the bramble it helpeth running ulcers of the privities . Applied with salt it helpeth whitelows , or fellons ; and if there be paine , with Oile : so that of a Cow . Aesculap . With Roses it helpeth night wheales . The same dropped into the eares helps deafenesse . Plin. The meale of spelt , in red Wine helpeth the stingings of Scorpions , applied warme : and the cough with Goats fat , or butter . Diosc . The broth of the fat decoct helpeth the phthisick , being drunk ; So with the pulp of Alica , and the cough , or with new mulse . Marcel . Decoct with Ptisan . it helpeth the tormina in the declination . Diosc . With Barly meale , rhöe , & cheese , it is given against the dysentery , & may be injected with the juyce of Ptisan . Plin. Drunk with any liquour it mightily helpeth the intestines , or being drunk in cold Water . Sextus commends the same against the Dropsy , which is not probable . Marcel . The fat of the reines , mixed with Barley bran ; Cumin , Anet , and Vineger an . and so decoct in water strained and drunk doth speedily help the dysentery . Plin. Applied with pellitory and Cyprus Wax it helpeth the Gout : So with the dung and a little Saffron , boiled . Diosc . As for the Marrow . It hath the 4th . place amongst Marrows sc. after the Harts , Calves , and Bulls , the last is the sheeps . See that of Calfe . Plin. The bloud of a Goat boiled with the Marrow helpeth against poysons , that doe intoxicate : the same helpeth the Dysentery and Dropsy . The bloud , Marrow or Liver looseneth the belly ; but others rather affirme the contrary , all marrows having a gentle drying and emplastick faculty , for the most part : therefore that of the Goat may be used against the Dysentery . The right Horne of a Goat is used in Mesue his Athanasia magna , and antidotes of Serapio , Haly , and Avicen . The fume thereof , as also of the haire driveth away Serpents , and the ashes drunk or applied help the wounds , so Plin. Sextus so the powder and milk with organy and Wine . Plin. The ashes anointed with Oile of Myrtles hinder sweating . With Vineger they stop bleeding , so that of the dung . Sext. The crusts thereof made by burning it in the flame stamped with vineger of squills mightily help St. Anthonies fire . The Horne laid under the head of a sick party , causeth sleep . Mixed with branne and Oile of Myrtles , it helpeth the falling off of the haire , and causeth it to grow . Plin. So the ashes with nitre , the seed of tamarisk , butter and Oile , the head being shaved first : the smell thereof when burned discovereth the falling sicknesse , so Sext. Plin. The same awaketh those that have the Lethargy , so that of the haires . Gal. The ashes whiten the teeth , and fasten the gummes , so those of the Harts , so Rhas . Albert and Avic . Sext. The shavings mixed with Honey stop the flux of the belly . Plin. The fume helpeth the Womb : to which some adde Galls , Lard , and Rosin of Cedar . Pallad. The hoofes burned drive away Serpents . Diosc . Rhas . The ashes thereof with vineger help the alopecia , so Gal. Aesculapius useth them with tarre . Plin. The juyce of the head boiled with the haire helpeth the rupture of the intestines . The ashes of the huckle bones , serve as a dentifrice , as also , those of almost all hairy creatures . Plin. Magicians use the braine , drawn through a gold ring , giving it to children before they suck , against the falling sicknesse , and other diseases . Aesculap . with honey it helpeth carbuncles in the belly . Sext. The water comming from the pallat mixed with honey and salt , rubbed on the head , &c. killeth lice , helpeth the paine of the belly , and looseneth the same . Plin The broth of the paunch gargled helpeth the exulceration of the tongue and arteries , which some understand of that of the Cow . Gal. The liver rosted helpeth the nyctalops , and discovereth the falling sicknesse , causing a convulsion ; so that of a hee Goat . Diosc . Being eaten it helpeth the former evils , so also the vapour thereof : Rhas . some boile it with water and salt . Plin. When rosted it helpeth the coeliack , especially that of the hee Goat , boiled with Austere wine and drunk or applied with oile of myrtles to the navil , some adde rue to the same : Marcel . Some boile it with old wine . Hippoc. Being rosted in ashes and eaten , for foure dayes , drinking old wine it helpeth the inflation of women delivered . Plin. The gall used three dayes , the haire being pulled up is a psilothron . Marcel . It helpeth botches . With the ashes of alum it cureth the scab . Applied it helps the elephantiasis . With fullers earth and vineger it helpeth scurfe . Seren with honey it helps the dimnesse of the eyes , so Sext Diosc . that of a wild Goat , with a third part of white hellebore helps the glaucoma , and cicatrices , white spots in the eyes , dimnesse of sight , the weft , & argema . With Womens milk it helpeth broken tunicles . Applied to the eye brows it taketh away haire , so Albert. Marcel . With honey an . scrup. 1 put into the eare & stopping it after with wool , it helpeth the eares , though cancerd . Plin. With the ashes of a Serpents skinn it helpeth purulent eares . With the leaves of leekes , or a like quantity of wine it helpeth the vices of the eares : Some adde the oile of roses , or Womans milke . Anon. With Ants eggs honey and celandine , put into the eares , it helpeth deafenesse . With honey it helpeth the quinsey , so Marcel . It helpeth the swellings of the neck with the yolks of eggs boiled and Goose grease , an . With the juyce of sow-bread and a little alum , to which some adde nitre and water , it looseth the belly . Marcel . Applied to the navil with wool it expelleth worms . It helps the vices of the fundament , and inflammation of the same . With honey it helps the paines and ulcers of the yard . It mollifieth the callus of the womb . Plin. The spleen rosted helpeth the coeliack . Sext. Being drunk it helpeth the tormina . Sext. The dung with a Mans own applied , helpeth the griefe of the thighs . Marcel . The ashes with water and wine , sc. of the bladder helpe the sheeding of urine . Sext. The secundine drunk in wine , expelleth that of a Woman . Plin. The milk with the ashes of crevises , with water or wine , helps against all poyson , especially the wounds of Scorpions . Plin. Sext. It helpeth against cantharides . Plin. And the quick fading flower , drunk with the grapes of wild vine . Sext. Drunk it helpeth quartan agues . Plin. Some magicians use drach. 1. of Swallows dung therewith , against the fitts of a quartan ague . Columel . It helps the feaver in lambs . Plin. With the gall of an hedghog , and braine of a Bat , it is a psilothron . Drunk with the powder of betony it stoppeth bloud flowing out of the duggs . Columel . It easeth the erysipelas in Sheep . Boiled with the root of the greater fearne it helps gangreens : Or with the meale of wheat , and camomil flowers . Aesculap . Drunk it helpeth the itch and bitings . Anon. Boiled with lineseed it helpeth the paine of the joynts . Plin. It killeth nits . Marcel . If boiled it helpeth the alopecia . Absyrt . With crevises and oile it helps the headach in horses , being drunk . Plin. Being drunk with the juyce of cabbage , salt and honey , it helpeth the opisthoronos : With the right eye of a Chameleon , taken out alive it helpeth the white spots in the eyes . Diosc . Dropped into purulent eares , and apostumated , it helpeth the same , with Bulls gall . Marcel . It helpeth the same , as also their paine , and hearing , being washed therewith and laser , dropping in after , warme Bulls gall , with an equal quantity of oile of cedar . Plin. It facilitats dentition , the gums being washed therewith . Sext. It fasteneth the teeth . Marcel . When fresh it helps the stroaks of the same . It helpeth the tonsils and exulcerated arteries , washed therewith ; so the Cows also . A little salt also , and the decoction of mallows may be added . Being gargled when warme it helpeth the tumours and swellings of the tonsils , so the Sheeps . Plin. Boiled with the seed of cresses it helps the griefes of the breast : Var. The most purging milk is the Mares , then the Asses , Cows , and lastly the Goats . Plin. With hony and salt it looseth the belly . Marcel . Some adde salt amoniack and drink it fasting ; walking after it . Hipp. Boiled with honey and given with some phlegmagogon , it helps phlegmatike women , when great , and troubled with the headach . The schiston helps the epilepsy , melancholy , palsey , leprosy , elephantiasis , and diseases of the joynts . Plin. The milk boiled with mallows , and a little salt , adding some curd doth mightily help the vices of the intestines . Marcel . Being tempered with the curd and drunk warme it helpeth the dysentery , being used for three dayes : so with barly meale . Plin. Being taken after half hath been boiled away it helps the collick also . Marcel . Being boiled with butter , it helps the tormina and coeliack , so the fatt broth of a Hen boiled therewith . The injection thereof with amylū , helps the dysentery . Diosc . Having hot pebles often quenched therein , it helps exulcerating fluxes , and the tenesmus , so that of a Sheep or Cow . Plin. Boiled with panick , and taken twice in a day , it helps the tormina . Marcel . Boiled with stale bread , it helps the flux , taken twice in a day . Plin. Drunk with the juyce of skirrets it stoppeth the belly . It helpeth the spleen , taken from a Goat that hath eaten ivy , drunk for three dayes , after two dayes fasting : so the whey thereof . The milk also half boiled helpeth children . Sext. With the curd it helpeth the dropsy . Applied to the belly in a Cows bladder hot it helpeth the collick : Some apply it with a sponge , and a wooden vessel applied thereon . Aesculap . Drunk it killeth wormes . With Creet wine , and the seeds of cucumber well poudered , it helpeth the paine of the reines . Anatol. with amylum , eggs and oile , it is given to horses that pisse bloud : Pelagonius addeth the juyce of pellitory of the wall . Plin. With the softer root of dog stones , it provoketh venery : with the harder it preventeth it . Sext. Drunk with honey it helpeth women to conceive ; as also the flux , aqueousnesse of the seed , and impotency . Anon. Applied it helpeth the prominency of the muscle of the fundament , & clefts thereof . Plin. The cheese taken fresh helpeth those that have drunk misselto : & helpeth against bitings , except those of a mad dog , being applied dry with origanum , & drunk . applied dry with vineger & honey , it purgeth ulcers . When fresh with honey it helpeth quartans . Aesculap . applied it helpeth all punctures & paines . Marcel . Applied with honey and covered with cloth it presently clenseth bruises , & blacknesse of the skinne , Plin. When dry applyed with leekes it helpeth S. Anthonies fire : With honey & vineger it helpeth black pimples or wheales . Marcel . Applied to the eyes when fresh , it presently easeth griefes : Also it helpeth the paine of the head or feet , so Sext. Marcel . Being applied after boiling with honey it helpeth the paine of the yard , being used twice in a day , the place being first washed with old wine . Plin. Stamped & applied it helpeth the carbuncles of the genitals . Hippocrates , maketh many remedies hereof for the use of womē : in the book thereof . Gesn . Of all dungs the Goats is most used , being of a digesting & sharp faculty : so that it helpeth scirrhous tumours , of the spleen , and other parts . When burned it is of a thinner essence , and not manifestly sharper : Therefore it helps the alopecia , and other maladies that require extergent remedies , as the leprosy , scurvy , and ring-wormes , &c. It is also mixed with digesting cataplasmes , which are applied to swellings behind the eares , and long continuing buboes : for it hath an abstersive and digestive faculty , both burned , and not burned , but varieth according to the feeding . Some use it with vineger against the bitings of vipers , and that of other beasts . Some use it against the yellow ●aundise drunk in wine ; and the flux of women with frankincense . Plin. Worne in a cloth it helps unquiet infants , especially girles . Diosc . Boiled in vineger and applied it helps the bitings of Serpents : so the bitings of mad dogs , with honey . Diosc . With vineger it stops the violence of the bloud . Sext. Applied it preventeth tumours . Anon. Boiled with barley meale it helps all tumours . Mixed with honey it helps luxations , and discusseth tumours . Plin. Boiled in vineger it discusseth wens . Gal. It helps old buboes . Plin. Boiled in wine or vineger it ripeneth what is to be broken . Diosc . Boiled in vineger and applied it helps creeping ulcers , S. Anthonies fire , and swellings behind the eares . Sext. Mixed with honey and applied it helps cancers : as also carbuncles which arise in the belly . Marcel . Warmed in vineger and applied it helps all ulcers of the leggs : the butter of Cows being after added with oile of cypresse or bayes . Plin. Applied with wine it draws out thorns , &c. out of the body . With the rose cerot , it being burnt bringeth the burnings of ulcers to a cicatrice . Plin. With honey it helps luxations : With old wine it helps broken ribs , and after apertion and extraction cureth the same : Boiled with vineger and honey it helps the paine of the nerves , or putrefaction of the same . Sext. With vineger it helps the diseases of the joynts , so with Barley meale and Vineger in rustick Bodies . With Honey it helps swellings behind the eares , so Sext. and with Vineger it helps the contractions of the nerves , so Marcel . and tremblings . Diosc . Burned and applied with vineger , or Oxymel , it helps the alopecia , so Rhas . and Gal. Paul . Plin. So with Honey . Marcel . 7. pills thereof with vineger applied to the fore head , help the headach . Plin. Marcel . Applied to the neck with bulbs it helps the opisthotonos . Marcel . Sprinkled with strong Wine , stamped , applied and bound to the eyes it helps all paines and swellings thereof . Plin. Applied with Honey it helps the warring of the eyes . Diosc . Applied with vineger it helps swellings behind the eares , and applied with axungia : also drunk in Wine it helps the jaundise . Plin. Boiled with Honey and used to the belly it helps the coeliack , Sext. and the collick . Marcel . And strained in water with mulse and pepper , taken for 3. dayes . Gal. Many use it against hard tumours of the Spleen , and Dropsy . Marcel . Being powdered and drunk with Honey , and drunk in hot water it killeth Worms . Plin. In mulse it helpeth the stone . Anon. The dry balls powdered and drunk in sack , evacuate phlegme and help the cough . With barly meale and vineger it helps the sciatica in rustick bodies , so with axungia . Some adde saffron , mustard seed , stalks of ivy , flowers of the wild cucumber , and pellitory of the wall . Drunk with spikenard it provoks the menses , and bringeth forth the birth : powdered & applied in wool with frankincense , it stops the flux of women , and other fluxes of bloud , with vineger , so Diosc . With the haires of a Hare and fat of a Sea Calf , to which some adde the scrapings of cedar , used as a fume it bringeth forth the menses and secundine . Plin. The urine of a Goat drunk , helps the great flux of women , the dung being applied . Drunk with the vineger of squils it helps the stingings of Serpents . Applied with wool it discusseth apostumes . Marcel . Put into the eares it helps the opisthotonos : so Dios . It helps the paines thereof . Sext. So with mulse . Plin. With Cows gall it helps the difficulty of hearing . With the fume it helps swellings behind the eares . Diosc . With spicknard it helps the dropsy . That of the mountain Goat helps the difficulty of urine and the stone , taken warm with wine and water . Sext. It provoketh the termes in women . The description may be omitted , they being common . Jonst . They are very venereous , and generate when seven months old . They goe five months , and usually bring forth one young one . They are frends to the Sheep , Tiger , Penny royal , and Sea holly : and enemies to the Woolf , Pardal , Elephant , Schrich owle , mans spittle , honey , spindletree , the vine and fleabane . Their noise is like that of the Sheep : they feed in rough places . They so hang on rocks that they seeme to stick to the same , sc. the Rock Goat .

Gulion . Gulo . P. In Lithuania , Muscovia and the North parts . M. Of any dead carkases . N. Vultur quadrupes Scalig. Boophagos Crol .

Gulion . Tops . T.V. Their skinnes only are in use , being white , spotted , & changeably interlined like diverse flowers ; therefore the greatest Princes and richest Nobles use them in garments in the winter time , sc. the Kings of Polonia , Sweeveland , Goatland , and the Princes of Germany ; also it soonest taketh a colour of all skinnes , and retaineth it longest . The outward appearance of the saide skinne is like a damaske garment . Some think he is generated of a Woolf and a dogge : he eats all the prey before he departs , and emptieth the belly betwixt two trees , till he hath done .

H.
Hare . Lepus . P. In England , Lybia , and other places . M. Of grasse , corne , and the like . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Arnebet . Arab. Ernab .

HAre . Gal. T. The flesh begetteth thick bloud , but it 's of better juyce than beef or mutton . It 's good to be used in a drying diet . Celf. It 's of a mean and good juyce ; it bindeth the belly and provoketh urine . Isaac : Though grosse and dry , yet it 's better than that of Goats . Anon. It 's hot and dry , and rosted helps the ulcers of the intestines . It is good for old men , and those of a cold temper . Hal. It 's hot and dry 2° . it 's best when taken by hunting , in the winter , and in cold countries . It is good for those that are too corpulent , and causeth watching . It ought to be dressed with attenuating spices . Some also count it cold and dry , the former of which is conjectured from their timidity . The way of dressing them may be seen in Platina and Apicius . Gesn . Plin. V. The ashes of a Hare with oile of myrtles helpe the paine of the head : Pounded with honey it helps the enterocele . Rhas . Albert. The ashes help the stone . The ashes of the bloud and skinne , burnt in a pot , and a spooneful thereof drunk fasting in warme water , doe presently help the same . So Sext. Those of the Hare helpe pissing of bloud also . Hereof Nic. Alexandrinus maketh an antidote for the same purpose , and Montagnana an electuary . R. Mos . A Coat of the skinne , strengthens the body of young and old men . The skinne wrapped about a horse foot , that hath a tread , helpeth the same , being let bloud in the pasterne . Marcel . The bloud of a Hare applied warme helpeth spots in the face caused by the sun , it being after a little while , washed off , using oile after it , so Cels . Vrsin . It produceth haire , beautifieth the skinne , and easeth the gout . Some use the ashes of the head , or belly burned with the intestines , against the falling off of the haire : Some use the bloud against their growth , the haires being first eradicated . Diosc . It helps the dysentery , and fluxes , being fried and eaten ; drunk in wine it helps against poyson . Avic . Fried it helps the Apostumes of the intestines . Marcel . When fresh boiled with barley meale and taken it helps the dysentery and flux of the belly : so the curd . Avic . The flesh rosted helps the ulcers of the intestines . Rhas . Albert. It dryeth , and therefore helps the paines of the intestines , stoppeth the belly , and helpeth the ulcers of the intestines . R. Mos . It breaketh the stone . Albert. Fried with oile and used in a clyster it helpeth the flux of the belly , and ulcers of the intestines : Rhas . Albert. So baked in an oven , or fried . Avic . The broth or decoction thereof helps the gout and joynt ach , as that of a Fox . Gesn . The fat is used to draw out things fixed in the body : Some adde the flower of beanes , and crabs for the feet . Plin. The ashes of their haires stop bleeding . Marcel . So the white haires of their bellies , being rolled together , and put into the nostrils . The ashes with oile of myrtles , Bulls gall , and alum , applied warm help the falling of the haire . Plin. Boiled with honey they help the vices of the intestines . Marcel . The haires made into pills with honey , being often swallowed down single , conjoyne the ruptures of the intestines : Some adde the dung . Plin. The fume of the haires bring out difficult excreations out of the lungs . Hippocrates useth them against the exulceration of the womb . And Aetius to cause conception , the fume being used . Plin. The ashes help the coldnesse of the feet . Diosc . The ashes of the head , applied with Bears grease or vineger help the alopecia , so Avic . Rhas . and Albert. Gal. The ashes prevent the aking of the teeth : The same whiten the teeth with fennel , and the powder of the boanes of a cutle-fish . With spikenard they help the stinck of the mouth . Platin. The braine of a hare , as also that of a Coney , is very good against poysons . Diosc . It helpeth tremblings , some adde castoreum . R. Mos . As also against numnesse and the palsey . Sext. Rubbed on the gums of children it helpeth to facilitate the breeding of teeth : some adde Goats milk also . Marcel . Drunk in wine , and the testicles rosted , help the vices of the bladder : Plin : As also the incontinency of urine , so Marcel . Seren. and Gal. Rhas . Albert. The tooth applied helpeth the toothach . Sext. The ventricle boiled and applied with oile and myrtles , hindereth the falling of the haire , and causeth it to grow . Marcel . The pills of the dung drunk with old wine help the dysentery . Nicand . The curd helps against poysons : It is the chief of all , and dissolveth bloud curdled in the body , which is the property of all other curds also . Avicen also preferreth this , Arist. And it 's best when stalest . In vineger it helps against Serpents , and the Scorpion , and shrew mouse , &c. Sext. And it resisteth poysons : Some use it with wine . Plin. And drach. 1. drunk helps against the bitings or wounds of all marine creatures , and aconite , misselto , and chameleon : with vineger it dissolveth milk in womens breasts . Plin. With Snailes stamped , it draweth out darts , and the like that stick in the flesh : Some also adde oile , frankincense , birdlime , and bee glew , or mallows . With vineger it stoppeth bleeding ; so that of a Hart. Seren. Applied with wine it healeth old ulcers : Plin. and exulcerated botches : and cancers with a like quantity of capers . Plin. Magicians used it against quartans , with other things : so Seren Diosc . It helpeth the epilepsy , so Plin. and Gal. and Avic . drunk with vineger . Plin. With a halfe quantity of sagapenum , & wine , it helpeth the want of hearing . Sext. Put into the eare it helps the paine thereof , which some affirme of the teeth . It dissolveth coagulated bloud in the lungs . With terra samia and myrtle wine it helps spitting of bloud ; so Plin. Diosc It helps the coeliack , dysentery and flux of women . Avic . this ( as also all other curds , ) dissolveth thick humours , & coagulats the liquid : some add galls to stop , with wine , or warme water if there be a feaver . Aver . Applied to the bellies of infants it doth the like . Aristot . It hath a certaine fiery faculty , disjoying things that are heterogenious : It doth the same in cheese , as leaven in meale , a little thereof communicating its tast and quality to a great quantity thereof : old cheese also hath such a kind of faculty , and therefore serveth for the same purpose , to stop and dissolve . Plin. It is given in the coeliack with bread , and with barley flower if there be an evacuation of bloud . Marcel . It may be drunk in wine , or taken in soft eggs against the dysentery . It helps the tormina . Plin. With Goose grease and barley flower it stops the flux of urine . Gal. All curds hinder all fluxes of bloud also . Plin. Applied with faffron , and the juyce of leeks with wool it bringeth forth the dead birth . Simoc. used in a pessary it causeth secundity in women : Sextus applieth the same against the falling sicknesse , some use it with frankincense and white wine . Plin. The lungs so , help the same : and paines of the eyes , so Sext. and Albert. Plin. Drunk when dry it helps the womb . Sext. Albert. Being powdered and applied it helps kibes , and the feet hurt by the shooes . Plin. The heart of a Hare bound to the hands , and the dung of a Cow with the urine of a boy applyed to the feet helpeth the quartane ague . The heart dryed , powdered and drunk with a third part of the manna of frankincense drunk in white wine for seven dayes helpeth the epilepsy , by those that fall oftener it may be used thirty dayes together . Gal. It helpeth the paine of the womb . Plin. That or the liver being given with hot water to women fasting , with the earth of Samos , helpeth womens fluxes . Sext. It also helpeth those that spit bloud . Plin. The liver boiled and eaten helps the coeliack : so in austere wine . Rhas . drach. 1. taken helpeth the hepatick . Albert. And unc. 1. helps the epilepsy . Sext. The gall , with the liver of a weezel mixed sc. an . drach. 3 , of castoreum drach. 1. of myrrhe drach. 4. with drach. 1. of vineger and with honey , or bastard wine drunk helpeth those that are vertiginous . Sext. Applied with honey it clarifieth the eyes , so Plin. and Hemelberg . Gal. With an equal quantity of honey , warmed in the pill of an onion , and put into the eare , it helps the losse of hearing . The spleen eaten helpeth the spleen . Avic . The belly with the intestines powdered , mixed with the oile of roses and applied , repaireth the haire . Plin. The reines drunk in wine expel the stone . Marcel . As also the paine of the reines . Montag . The testicles and womb help to coiture in men , and conception in women , with other remedies : Plin. some think , that they cause conception of males . Marcel . They help the paines of the bladder . The powder of the testicles taken by a woman in wine , after her purgation , causeth the conception of a male , so Sext. Plin. The testicles rosted help the incontinency of urine . Marcel . So the cerebellum drunk in wine . Marcel . The testicle boiled and eaten fasting , presently helpeth the paine of the hipps . Gal. The powder of the matrice drunk by a woman purged of her flowers causeth conception . some use the womb in meats for the conception of males . Sext. The bloud issuing from the womb of a Hare , with the curd , being applied , causeth the conception of a femal : and the first being drunk by both causeth a male , and an hermophrodite if by the woman only . Plin. The huckle-bone used , prevents the paine of the belly : so Sext. and Marcel . Some use it against the stone . Trag. Being drunk out of the water of pennyroyal , it is an ocytocion . Anon. With misseltoe , coral , pearls , the seeds of peony , and the stones of Crabs . an . it helps the falling sicknesse . Plin. The feet applied to the vices of the joynts , help the same . Plin. The dung helps burnings : the magicians drink or prescribe 9. gr. of the dung to cause a constant stretching of the dugs . Rhas . Dissolved with vineger and applied it cureth the ring-worme . Plin. The ashes drunk in wine in the evening help the cough in the night . Gal. Stamped and taken in hot wine it helpeth the vices of the columella , and difficulty of breathing . Plin. The ashes strewed on warme wine help the coeliack and dysentery : So the pills thereof made with wine . Plin. Boiled with honey and taken daily in the quantity of a beane it helps the rupture of the intestines . Aetius maketh a pessary thereof to cause conception . Rhas . Worne by a women it hindereth conception : Albert. And a little thereof applied to the womb dryeth up the menstruous bloud , and mightily desiccats the matrix . Schrod . The D. of the powder of a Hare is from scrup. 1. to drach. 1. their eyes when taken in March , drive forth the birth and secundine , being dryed with pepper , and the apple being applied to the crown of the head . The gall is an ophthalmick and oralgick . Jonst . The gall with sugar helps the wefts of the eyes . Their description is needlesse . They generate aversly , at any time of the yeare , and bring forth in copises , two or more at a time . They are enemies to the Eagle , Crow , Weasel , Foxe , and Doggs . They live six or seven years ; Their noise is shrill . They sleep with their eyes open , and heare well ; they disturb their course , and leap about before their sitting . They use certaine places ; they are seldome fat when wild , by reason of their feare . In the winter they lie in sunny places , and towards the north wind in summer . They use to avoid bushes that their furre may not stick thereon , & squat on plowed lands when hunted , being of the same colour ; and make rings to avoide the sagacity of the hunter . They are presently made tame , and suddainly returne when loose to their former wildnesse . The female hath a longer head and eares , as also a fatter body than the male . They differ in colour , fatnesse , magnitude , smell and place . Tops . When they are awake they shut their eyes . They seldome looke forewards going by jumps . They rest in the day time , and feed in the night . When they are hot they feed upon hares lettuce . They never drink ; but content themselves with the dew , and so often become rotten . They copulate backwards , and often though great . They bring forth their young blind , like other cloven footed Beasts . They keep them not all together , that some may be preserved . When hunted they are to be kept from the upper ground , they running faster up the hill than downwards .

Hart. Cervus . P. In Africa , Apulia , Batavia , and Brittain . M. Of grasse , &c. and hay . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Aial .

Hart. Platin. T. The flesh is almost like beefe , for it is slowly concocted , nourisheth little , and increaseth melancholy ; it is most pleasant to eat , in the summer , especially in August ; being then fattest . Cels . Being concocted it nourisheth much . The best are the Faunes , and are best when gelded , being lesse hot and dry . H. Sym. Seth. Being much eaten it causeth a shaking in the body . Avic . And quartan agues . Rhas . It is hot , Avic . it provoketh urine . Vicent . Bel. The liver is very bad , and ill tempered . The young horns help against aconite . The way of dressing it may be seen in Apicius and Platina . Plin. The bloud stoppeth the belly , Diosc . and helpeth the dysentery and coeliack , as also that of a Goat , or Hare . Albert. Rhas . Being injected with oile , it helps the ulcers of the intestines , and old fluxes . Gesn . Applied it stops fluxions . Gal. Applied with vineger it is a psilothron . Rhas . Drunk in wine it helpeth against venomed arrows . The flesh in rutting time stinketh , like that of a hee Goat , and is then vitiated . Sym. Seth. The powder of the bloud drunk helps the bitings of venimous beasts . Plin. Solin . The flesh eaten preventeth feavers . As for the marrow . See that of the Calfe , and Bull. Solin . Ointments made thereof help the burnings of those that languish . Gal. It is a paregoricotaton . Aesculap . It easeth paine . Used as an ointment it driveth away Serpents . Sym. Seth. It mollifieth hard cankers . Gyrald . It discusseth . Plin. It filleth and purgeth other ulcers , as well as in the legs ; so the ashes of the horne . It helpeth fistula's with Venus navil-wort . The same helpeth purulent eares . With rosin , lime , Goose grease , and the fat of an hee Goat it helpeth the chaps in the lips : some add onions . With that of a Calfe , and the leaves of a white thorne stamped , it helps the ulcers and clefts of the mouth . Sext. Drunk in hot water , it helpeth the paine of the intestines , though there are tormina . Cels . Used downwards in an old dysentery , it helpeth it , taketh away the paine , and helpeth the ulcers . Marcel . With butter , Bulls gall , and the oile of cypresse , or bayes , it helpeth bruised knees . Hipp. Melted with fat , and applied with wool it mollifieth the womb : he maketh also a purgatory remedy of the same . A pessary of the same , with that of a Calf mollifieth the womb also : so applied outwardly . Rhas . It helps the paine of the hipps and sides , and fractures also . Agric. Used in a pessary it draweth forth the menses . Albert. It helpeth the beating of the heart , though some deny it . Gal. The fat is inferiour to noe mollifying remedy . Rhas . It heateth and mollifieth or lenifies . It softeneth hard cankers , so Sym. Seth. Absyrt . given to a Horse with wax , it helps their cough of a cold cause , used with wine after purgation and suffumigation . Marcel . With tarre , pissasphalt , and the milk of a Cow or Sheep , used every day it mightily helpeth the phthisick . Anatol. With a little wine and beane meale , given three dayes to a Horse it helpeth their pissing of bloud . The tallow burned with oister shells mightily helpeth kibes being applied , Sext. Hipp. when fresh the fat helps exulcerated wombs ; he useth it also to purge the womb with other things . Plin. The fume of the haire helps the womb also . Sext. It helps against abortion . Plin. The shavings of the skinne , done by a punice stone , and stamped in vineger help S. Anthonies fire . Magicians bind many amulets in the skinne . Gal. Applied to the right thigh with the juyce or seed of henbane steeped in Asses milk it helpeth pissing in bed . Aetius useth the bones of the leggs in the antidote of Philagrius against the gout : And in that of Julian being burned against the stone and epilepsy . Gal. The bones stamped and applied to the belly help the flux thereof . Solin . Plin. Of the hornes the right is the best ; yet Aristotle preferreth the left : the tops also are most effectual ; as being more solid . They are used crude or when burned . Being calcined , and washed as cadmia , it helps the ulcers and defluxions of the eyes , so Diosc . Sym. Seth. It is cold and dry ; yet it helpeth obstructions of the spleen ; and the jaundise , arising commonly from the obstruction of the liver , by reason that it , ( as also all things burned , except washed ) retaineth a certain Empyreuma , and hot thin parts by reason of the fire ; but when washed it only dryeth and is emplastick . Sylv. Being burned and washed , it whiteneth the teeth , helps moist gumms , the dysentery , and fluxes to the eyes , clensing without corrosion ; yet it doth not mitigate paine , or concoct , being cold and dry . Brasav . Being calcined and washed , many sell it for spodium . Being burned it driveth away Serpents : applied with vineger it helps the bitings of the same : also some add the roots of reeds , ciches , and cypresse berries burned together , and then they are to be drunk with vineger and the juyce of leekes , so Gal. Plin. The Hart burieth the right horne in the ground , serving against the poyson of Toads . Gal. Burned with the heart and skinne , and applied with oile it helps wounds . Sext. The horne drieth up all humours , and therefore it is used in ophthalmick collyries . The decoction thereof hindereth the grouth of the haire , yet Orpheus saith that being applied with oile it causeth haire even on bald heads . Marcel . Some add the seeds of black myrtle , with butter and oile , after shaving . Plin. The ashes with wine help scurfe , and lousinesse in beasts . Gal. The filings boiled with vineger to a third part , help ringworms , Sext. so burned . It helpeth the elephantiasis , see Elephant . The ashes fill and purge all ulcers , except in the leggs , so Plin. And applied with water , they help wheales . The fine powder thereof with a like quantity of the fatt , and a greater of lentills , being stamped , boiled , and applied to the face before , or in the bath often , helpeth specks in the same , so Mercel . Sext. so the ashes : the same with those of a sheeps jaw and wax softened with oile of roses , help the fractures of the joynts , so Plin. Sext. drach. 3. with drach. 2. of litharge mightily help paineful gallings . Marcel . The filings drunk in wine prevent nits and lice in the head : so applied , and scurfe . Plin. Marcel . Gal. The ashes applied to the forehead with vineger , oile of roses , or wine help the paine of the head : Sext. So drach. 1. drunk with wine and two parts of water . Plin. It discovereth the falling sicknesse , so the stink thereof , so Solin . as also bitumen , the agath stone , the Goats horne and liver . Blond . The largest hornes are excellent against the epilepsy : some use drach. 2. of the tipps , with unc. 1. of misseltoe of the oake , and drach. 1. of the heart of a Woolf , with some powder of the hinder part of a mans skull . Aet . It helpeth forgetfulnesse , after purgation with the hiera Ruffi , and drach. 1. of ivory drunk in mulse . The powder with an equal q. of sponges , that have stones in them , drunk daily in wine or water fasting , helpeth the kings evil or swellings in the throat . Plin. The ashes help the roughnesse of the eyes , especially those of the Tips . Gal. Burned and blown up into the nostrils with sandaracha it helpeth the polypus . Burned & washed it cleanseth the teeth . Diosc . Warmed in vineger when crude , and used to the gums it helps the paines of the jaws , caused by the breeding of teeth , or it fasteneth the teeth , & bindeth the gums , so Gesn . Some use the powder of the crude horne ; so that of a Goat : & the ashes with wine . Rhas . Alb. or boiled with vineger , so Marcel . sc. drach. 2. thereof being used with unc. 3. of vineger : some adde salt armoniack , pepper , and flower deluces with mastick . The ashes drunk , help the empycma , and haemoptysis . Sym. Seth. being much used it hurteth the lungs : for the former purpose some adde gum dragant . Being burnt and washed , it helps the dysentery also , the coeliack and yellow jaundise , two spoonfuls being used , so Gal. Marcel : the filings , with a little live brimstone , taken in a reere egge , stop excessive vomiting : Plin. It helps the rheumatisme of the stomach . Plin. The ashes in vineger help the spleen . It hath the same vertue as a Cows ankle . Rhas . Albert. The ashes drunk help the flux of bloud , and ulcers of the intestines . Gal. unc. 2. of the powder , burned , with unc. 1. of burnt Snailes , & plantaine water help the dysentery , the quantity of a beane being taken with wine by those that are not feaverish , or else with water : or so taken with an equal quantity of oile , Marcel . or with austere wine : He commends the powder of the young hornes calcined , with gr. 9. of white pepper , to three spoonefuls thereof , and a little myrrhe &c. against the collick , so Aet . Gal. The filings drunk in old wine kill wormes . Some use it with Ivory : so the powder when burned , being drunk in wine or water . Albert. Rhas . or taken with honey : Some adde chalk , worme seed , and the yolk of an egge rosted hard . Sym. Seth. It helpeth the strangury . Gal. The powder of it when burned , applied as a cataplasme , helps aqueouse ruptures , drinking vineger : Some mixe it with remedies against pissing of bloud . Rhas . Albert. It helps the paine of the bladder ; and restraineth the moisture of the womb ; yet it provoketh the termes . Drunk three dayes in wine it helpeth the hysterical passion , or drunk in hot water if there be a feaver , so Sext. Gyrald . Worne by a woman , it facilitats the birth . The bezar stone , or lachryma Cervi Agric. resisteth poyson : They are produced by standing in the water up to the neck , after their devouring of Serpents , which they doe to coole themselves , not daring to drink ; these teares falling into the water , congeale , and are thence taken by those , that doe observe them ; the quantity is as that of a walnut : the D. is gr. 12. Physiol . it helpeth the panting of the heart . Plin. The lungs help cornes , clefts and callosity , being applied three dayes ; so the dung also : it helps gallings by the shooes : Marcel . yet that of a hare is more effectuall . The powder with that of the gullet dryed in smoake , and made into a Iohoch with honey , helpeth the cough : and the phthisick the powder being taken in wine : Marcel . so the former also . Marcel . The ashes thereof burned in an earthen pot help the dyspnoea or difficulty of breathing . Plin. The stone found in the womb when great , preserveth the foetus in women : so the bones , and those in the heart . Sext. The same bones tied to the arme hinder conception . Actuar . Arab. The bone of the heart , comforteth mans heart , by the similitude of its whole substance : some sell that of a Cows tongue , in steed thereof : it is generated of the bloud in the heart , it 's of a reddish colour , and serveth to expell melancholick fumes , and helps the cardiack passion , syncope , and hemorrhoids , so Platear . Gal. the powder taken helps sterility in women . Gal. The ashes of the heart , with that of the skinne and horne applied with oyl help wounds . The curd of a Hinde hath the same vertues , as that of the Hare ; so that of the hee Goat , Lamb , Hart , Buck , and Ibex , Plin. The curd of a hinde slain in the womb , is very good against the bitings of Serpents , so Solin . so drunk in vineger , Damoc. It 's good against the bitings of madd doggs . Hal. So against hemlock and Toad stooles . Marcel . It helpeth the empyema , and spitting of bloud . Plin. Drunk in vineger it stoppeth bloud , so helpeth inward bleeding . Gal. Drunk in wine or taken with the cremor of rice it helps the coeliack , and dysentery . Plin. The curd of a Hart mightily helpeth the vices of the intestines , being decocted with lentils , and beet , and so taken in wine . Diosc . The curd of a Hinde taken three dayes after purgation helpeth against conception . Plin. The genital is given in wine , as also the belly , against the bitings of Serpents . Diosc . It helps against the bitings of Vipers . Sym. Seth. So dryed , filed , and drunk with wine ; Sext. or so , taken with an egge . Sext. The same causeth venery being drunk . Xen. The ashes with wine applied to the genital of an admissary animal make it more strong for copulation . Rhas . Albert. The powder drunk helps the dysury and collick . Aristot . The ashes of the dung being drunk in the quantity of three spoonefulls in mulse help the dropsy . Hal. The urine helps the spleens paine , inflation of the stomach and intestines ; and dropped into the eares it helpeth the paines thereof . Aristot . The cleaning is eaten by them presently after bringing forth , and therefore it is counted medicinal , Bertruc . The extreme part of the taile is venimous , and being drunk causeth a contraction in the stomach , and intestines ; also a fainting and death . It is cured by vomiting with butter , the oile of the oily pulse and anet ; and afterwards with walnuts , and fisticknuts with lycium , so Avic . Ponzet . This is caused by an adust humour carried thither , that the rest of the body may not be infected . It also causeth sadnesse : and the eye is an antidote . Pet. Apon . As also triacle , and the powder of the Emerald . Schrod . The horn crude helpeth putrefaction , corrects malignity , provoketh sweat , and strengthens the natural balsam : therefore it is useful in the small pocks and measells , putrid and malignant feavers , and other diseases requiring sweating , sc. being decocted or infused . Being prepared S. A. by its drying faculty , it resisteth putrefaction , stoppeth fluxes of the womb , killeth worms , provoketh sweat , and is convenient for Children , the D. is Scrup. 1. to Drach. 1. or more . Being Philosophically calcined , it provoketh sweat , and helpeth malignant diseases : the D. is to Drach . sem . the D. of the volatile salt is from gr. 5 , to scrup . sem . The water distilled out of the young Horns , helpeth burning malignant feavers : the D. is cochl . sem. a girdle of the skinne serveth women to tie about their midles against hysterick passions . The genital is diuretick , aphrodisiastick , and helpeth the dysentery , and paine of the colon , being decoct or boiled in water . Schwenchfeld . The dry testicles drunk in wine help to venery . Gluckr . in Begu . The antipodagrick balsam of the bloud applied helpeth contractures also from any cause , having a very great resolving faculty , by reason of its salt . The teares found dry in the corners of the eyes ; dry , bind , strengthen , and cause sweating ; therefore are good against poyson , and contagious diseases , being counted of equall vertue with bezoar stone : they also provoke the birth . The D. is gr. 3. or 4. The marrow helpeth malignant ulcers : as in the legges . The fat mollifieth tumours , bindeth wounds , helpeth kibes , and easeth paines : the destilled oile thereof mollifieth , lenifieth , and mightily easeth the gout used once or twice in a day . The ankle bone helps the dysentery . The stone found in the hearts ventricle , or intestines is counted equall to the bezoar in vertues . Jonst . ( The description being omitted as needlesse ) They are libidinous a whole day together , chiefely in August , and September , they goe about 8. months , and bring forth one young one for the most part . Some say they live 3600. yeares . Their noise is unpleasant . They have friendship with the heath-cock ; but enmity to the Eagle , Vulture , Serpent , Dogges , Tiger , Ram , and noise of Foxes : to the Artichock , Rosewood and red Feathers . They delight in woods , and places of their first education : they follow their leader . They are fearful even to a proverb . They rest themselves in their persuit , and run into the footsteps of the rest . They use dittany against their wounds : they are fat in the summer & hide themselves when sheeding their Hornes , they love their young and Musick .

Hedghog . Erinaceus . P. Almost every where , except Creet , so Plin. M. Of Apples and Grapes , which it carrieth on the pricks . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Kipod . Acanthio ter . Gal.

Hedghog . Gesn . T. The skinn being pulled off , the flesh larded , & stuck with cloves , may be rosted , and so , some commend it as a pleasant meate . V. the ashes of the Body burnt , are extersive and digesting , as also of a drawing nature : Gal. Therefore some use them against excrescencies , and to cleanse foule ulcers ; but Dioscorides attributeth it to the Sea Urchin ; Avic . Yet the Ashes of both doe cleanse , resolve and dry . Gal. The powder of the skin and head with Honey helpeth the Alopecia . Albert. The ashes of the whole mixed with pitch cause haire in cicatrices : so with Tarre , or Honey and Vineger : especially with Tarre , so Diosc . Aelian . Avic . Rhas . and Albert. Marcel . So with Beares , and it 's own grease ; so also the fresh dung with Sandaracha , Vineger and Tarre : Albert. Some adde Galls , bitter Almonds , and Mouse dung . Soran. The powder of the shells of Sea Vrchins , with Honey and Vineger helpeth gallings . Rhas . Albert. The powder of an Hedg-hog applied helpeth the Fistula . Plin. The ashes applied with Oile help Ringworms in the face ; the face being first washed with Nitre and Vineger . Aelian . The ashes of a Land Vrchin , drunk in Wine help the paines of the Reines , and Dropsy . Diosc . The salted flesh drunk with mulled Vineger , helps the convulsion , Elephantiasis , cachexy , and fluxions of the bowels ; so Gal. Rhas . Albert. But that of the Mountain is more effectual , better to help the stomach , mollify the belly , and provoke urine , so Rhas . and Albert. Avic . Rhas . Some use the flesh salted , with Oxymel , against the Dropsy : Albert , even of all sorts , sc. the carnose , tumid , and citrine . Philes saith the ashes drunk with white Wine , help the paines of the Reines . Rhas . The flesh botled helpeth the phthisick : a plaister thereof helpeth the contraction of the nerves and pain of the belly , caused by grosse flatulencies ; and the difficulty of digestion . Plin. The ashes applied with Oile prevent abortion . The flesh eaten hindereth the strangury , and preventeth the pissing of bed in Children , so Rhas . Avic . In so much that being eaten often it causeth a dysury , though some say it cureth the same . Plin. That of the Sea , drunk with the prickles , expelleth the stone . Avic . Scrap . The flesh of that of the Land helpeth long feavers , and venimous bitings of Serpents . Avic . The fat ( Diosc . or rather the flesh dryed ) helpeth the fluxes of the bowells . Aetius maketh a remedy thereof against haires pricking the eyebrows , sc. of the bloud : Archigenes addeth the Gall of the same , and castor . Rhas . Albert. The bloud with Honey and hot water , used as a gargarisme helps hoarsenesse . The liquour of the left eye fryed in Oile , put into the eare causeth sleep , so Albert. Rhas . Albert. Diosc . The Liver dryed in the Sunne serveth as the flesh dryed : Avic . or against fluxions of the bowells . Aelian . It so , helpeth the Elephantiasis . Plin. The Gall is a Psilothron , so also mixed with the brain of a bat and Goats milk ; or other milks . Rhas . The collyrie thereof helps the eyes . Plin. With water it helps white spots in the eyes : and Warts . The Spleen used for two dayes with Vineger of squills , helpeth the paine of the Spleen : Marcel . so being rosted and eaten . The Reines dryed help the Leprosy , phthisick , dysentery and cough . Marcel . the fresh dung , and Sandaracha , with Vineger , and Tarre being applied , stoppeth the falling off of the haire . Marcel . the prickles of a Hedghog , sticking in any part of the Body , or feet , are removed , the feet , &c. being held in mans urine warme . Schrod . Hartm . The grease helpeth the hernia ; the inward skinne of the ventricle helpeth the collick . Jonst . The flesh dryed helpeth the like : The fat helpeth the stone . The bloud helps the heat of urine . As for the description it is needlesse , being known to all people . It is an enemy to the Bear , Woolf , Foxe , Viper , and Pondweed . When assaulted it contracteth the Body : it changeth the place of abode , according to the change of the winde . They generate after the way of rationals : they are either Sow-like , or Canine , as to their differences .

Hee-goat . Hircus . P. In most Countries , of the World inhabited . M. Of Herbs , Trees , and Shrubbes , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Atud . Arab. Teus & Maez .

Hee-goat . Aegin . Gal. T. the flesh is of bad juyce and hard to be digested ; the next is that of Rams , and that of Bulls worse : amongst all which the flesh of the gelded is better , and that of the oldest the worst . The flesh is very hurtfull by reason of its hardnesse , and difficulty in alteration . Isaac , the flesh is of worse juyce than that of Goats . Aristot . Bapt. Fier . it is vitiated and stinketh in the time of lust . Albert. by castration , it becommeth more cold and moist . Aegin . The testicles resist concoction , and cause vitious humours . H. Platin. the liver , as also of the Goat causeth the Epilepsy . V. Sext. The fume of the haires helpeth the pain in the groin . Plin. The powder of the horne , with nitte and the seed of tamarisk with butter and oile , helpeth the falling off of the haire , the head being first shaved . Sext. The ashes applied with meale , help the scurfe and itch of the head . Marcel . Mixed with the gall and an equall weight of myrrhe , they help the stinck of the arme holes , being applied after the removall of the haire . Matth. Some sell the bloud of a Hee-goat , with dry services , &c. made up , in stead of Sanguis draconis , with rosin . Diosc . Avic . The bloud dryed and drunk in wine , helpeth against poyson . Avic . It presently ripens hot abscesses : See that of the Bull. Aetius mixeth it with remedies against the Gout . Marcel . Applied it helpeth the Leprosy . Applied fresh it helpeth against haires that trouble the eyes , after evulsion . Plin. It helps dimnesse of the eyes . Sext. It stoppeth bleeding . Plin. Eaten it helpeth the pain of the liver . Dios . When well dryed it helps the dysentery , and flux of those that are coeliack . See that of Goats . Marcel . So rosted an the coales . Sext. mixed with rofin and fine wheat flower , and so applied to the belly , it helpeth the tormina . Plin. With marrow it helpeth the Dropsy . Avic . Drunk , it breaketh the stone : Albert. So with stone parsley and wine ; some adde the powder of an hedg sparrow . Some call it Manus dei : so Aetius , Alexander , and Avicen . Trallianus useth it outwardly also : and it helps the dysury . Marcellus addeth time also pennyroyal , the ashes of a polypus , white pepper , parsley , and the seed of Alexander . Marcel . It dissolveth the Diamond . some use it with vineger or curd that it may not coagulate . Plin. The flesh boiled in water helps impostumes in any part : As for the marrow see that of the calfe : but that of the harts is the best , then the Calfes , Hee-goats , and Shee-goats . Gal. The fat of kids is lesse hot and dry , than that of Goats ; that of Goats , than of the hee-goat ; and the hee-goats , than the Lions . Diosc . It is very discutient : Avic . It resolveth more , than the rest . Plin. With St. Katharines flower , brimstone and flower-deluce , it helpeth freckles and spots ; and chaps of the lips , with goose grease , harts marrow , rosin and lime . Columel . melted with old oile , tarre , and Cows marrow , an . it helpeth swellings in the necks of cattel : Plin. stamped with the feet of locusts it helps the Leprosy . Applied with locusts it helps scabbed nailes . Marcel . Injected with green oile it helpeth the dysentery . Dios . Rhas . Applied with the dung of a Goat , and saffron it easeth the gout : some adde pepper , the stalks of ivy , pellitory of the wall , or the flowers of wild cucumbers : as also the stalks of elder , and the juyce of torne sole . Gal. The liver is of the same effect as the Goats . Plin. It helpeth against the biting of a mad Dogge , so Ponz . this , as the ashes of the horn or dung drunk in vineger stops bleeding : or applied to the nostrils . Plin. Applied hot it helpeth the Leprosy . Boiled and drunk in austere wine , it helpeth the coeliack , or applied with myrtle oile to the navil : some adde rue thereunto : Marcel . The same helpeth the dysentery . Diosc . Being eaten it helps the Epilepsy . The gall is more weake , than that of the Bull. It helpeth thyme warts ; and extuberancies in those that are Elephantick . Plin. With Bulls urine it helpeth scurfe ; so with brimstone : as also freckles , with cheese , crude brimstone , and ashes of a sponge , mixed to the thicknesse of Honey . Diosc . It helpeth the dimnesse of sight : Gal. As also ulcers of the eyes , and white spots therein : and hindereth the grouth of haires that trouble the eyes , they being first eradicated . See that of the Sow , or Hogge . Plin. The spleen rosted helpeth the coeliack : Marcel . And applyed warme easeth paine . Albert. The testicles rosted and eaten cause the generation of males . Plin. The dung boiled with Honey helpeth apostumes : Anon. mixed with vineger , it helpeth black pushes . Sext. Applied with wine , it draweth out what is fixed in the flesh . Plin. It helpeth ulcers , except those in the legges . Gal. 15 globuli thereof drunk help the falling sicknesse . Applied with mouse dung , and Honey , it helpeth bare eyebrows , that want hair : the same helpeth the morphew . Marcel . Applied to the forehead and temples with vineger of squills it helpeth the paine of the hemicrania . The urine with the gall of an Oxe , helpeth the difficulty of hearing , being dropped into the eares . Gal. Drunk with Hyssop it provoketh urin . Sext. Drunk with spikenard and dry danewort , it helpeth the Dropsy . Anon. Drunk with the ashes of Ivory , it breaketh the stone in the reines and bladder . Schrod . The bloud is alexipharmick & binding ; so helpeth the dysentery , dissolveth congealed bloud , & helps the stone : Used outwardly it ripeneth . The oile thereof is good against the stone ; so the tincture , and against coagulated bloud . The fat helps the gout , strangury , and paine of the hemorrhoids . The powder of the bladder helps the incontinency of urine ; drach. 1. being given . The kell applied warm helpeth the ebullition of the spirits ; so helps the collick , and madnesse , and expels urine . The decoction of the skin stoppeth the hemorrage , and diarrhoea . Jonst . The bloud with the juyce of groundsel , mollifieth glasse , steeped therein . Mixed with vineger it helpeth the vomiting and spitting of bloud . The Description is uselesse , the beast being well known .

Hornd-snout . Rhinoceros . P. In the deserts of Africa , and in many places of Asia . M. Of Herbs , and prickly shrubs , &c , N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Reem & Karas .

Hornd-snout . Schrod . T. V. the horn is good against poysons , contagions , and other affections , that have need of evacuation by sweat ; and therefore it may be used in stead of Unicorns horne , when that is wanting : the D. of the powder is Scrup. sem to Scrup. 1. Jonst . Some eate the flesh , which is very nervouse . Zacut. The skinne steeped in wine , is drunk in malignant diseases . As for the description , they are almost of the forme of a Boare . They have one horne on their nose . They are as long as an Elephant , yet they have shorter feet , and a Boxe-like colour : they are enemies to the Elephant , and are not firce against man except provoked . before they fight they rub their horne against stones ; and strike at the belly , it being the softest part . Bont . When provoked by men , they will throw them down : when on horse back , as if they were but fleas : the flesh of which they then like off , by reason of the roughnesse of their tongue . When wounded in the woods , they cast down whatsoever is in their way , even ordinary trees . Their noise is like that of the Hogges .

Horse . Equus . P. In England , France Spaine , and almost every where . M. Of grasse , hay , and oats . &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Sus. Arab. Bagel . Pers. Asbaca .

Horse . Gal. T. Some eate the flesh thereof , even when old ; but it is of very bad juyce , of hard concoction , unpleasant to eat , and hurtful to the stomack ; so that of Asses and Camels . The milk is drunk by the Tartars . It , as also the Asses , and Cows is more fit for the belly , than the sheeps which is more thick ; but they trouble the same , so Diosc . Var. Mares milk is most purging ; then the Asses , Cows , and lastly the Goats . Plin. Being drunk it looseneth the belly . The Camels is most thinne , to which this is next , the Asses is most thick , so that some use it in steed of curd , so Plin. Yet it as also the Mares presently descends . Marcel . The whey of Mares milk , doth easily and gently purge the belly . The cheese nourisheth much , and answereth in proportion to the Cows , so Sestius . V. Plin. The bloud of a Horse corrodeth the flesh by a septick strength : that of a colt drunk in wine helps the jaundise . being let bloud in the mouth and swallowing it , it cureth their worms . Anon. The bloud out of the spurre veine , being taken by them with salt , helpeth their plague . Veget. Applied it helps their weake parts . Theomnest . And fractures and luxations . Anon. Applied it helpeth their cold , and convulsive nerves , being used warme . Plin. The flesh and dung when going to grasse , helpeth the bitings of Serpents . Sext. The fume of the fatt , expels the dead birth and secundine : some use it in remedies against the spasme . The ashes of the bones with verdigrease , and the seed of henbane , sprinkled on their abscesses after opening with a cautery help the same . Albert. The teeth of a stoned Horse , laid under the head hinder snorting in the sleep : Plin. The powder thereof helpeth kibes , and clefts or chaps in the feet , so Marcel . Plin. The same helpeth the vices of the privities , and warts ; as also the coeliack and dysentery . The first teeth applied help the tooth-ach , and facilitate the breeding thereof being applied , so Rhas . and Albert. a Horse haire tyed about warts killeth them , causing a priuation of aliment . The ashes of a Horse head stop bleeding . Avic . The ashes of the Hide applied help pustules , by refrigeration . Plin. The old tongue of an Horse drunk in wine , easeth the spleen , so Marcel . Matth : The curd drunk in wine , helpeth the bitings of Serpents . Aesculap . The same drunk helpeth all paines : Dios . it helps the coeliack and dysentery , so Gall. Avic . and Haly. Plin. It looseneth the belly ; as also the bloud , marrow and liver : Gesn . but they all rather bind . Plin. The teeth help the toothach . Gal. The liver kept in a Cedar box , and given with wine of Chia and Water , helpeth the ulcers of the liver . Plin. The spleen drunk in sweet water bringeth forth the dead birth . The powder of the testicles causeth venery . The ashes of the hoof , applied with oile and water discusse impostumes in any part of the body ; and wens with warme urine , so Marcel . Plin. Applied they help rednesse with the itch . Hipp. The filings of the foremost hoofes given with water help the frettings in Horses : Hieroc . Veget. the same being injected into the nostrils , provoke urine , Plin. The ashes drunk in wine or water help against the stone , so Marcel . Plin. The fume of the hoof bringeth out the dead birth . The gall is counted poysonsome . The milk of a Mare , helps against the poyson of a Sea Hare , and Toxicum . Diosc . Avic . Being drunk it looseneth the belly : Plin. And helps also the falling sicknesse , so with Boares testicles . Aet . It purgeth ulcers . Plin. The bath thereof helpeth the womb . Rhas . Albert. It causeth conception being drunk . Marcel . The whey thereof gently purgeth the body . Aesculap . The cheese of Mares milk stoppeth the belly , and helpeth tertians . Plin. The foame of an Horse used 40. dayes , before the grouth of haire , restraineth the grouth of the same ; the same helps the paine of the eares , and deafenesse thereof , or the ashes of the fresh dung , with oile of roses : Marcel . The same helpeth gallings . Plin. The foame helps rednesse with itching ; as also the disease in the tongue and jawes called die brüne : sc . that of a Horse eating oats or Barley , using the liquour pressed out of Crabfishes after it , or the powder thereof applied : the same helpeth the cough being drunk 3. dayes , Marcel . and the phthisick . Rhas . Albert. The sweat of an Horse mixed with wine causeth abortion , being drunk by a Woman that is great . Anon. Drunk with the urine in a bath it driveth away worms and Serpents : sc. out of the belly . Avic . The dung is of the same effect as the asses . Diosc . That of a Horse feeding on grasse being dryed , steeped in wine and drunk , helpeth against the wounds of Scorpions : Plin. So the flesh ; and curd of a Hare with vineger ; and against the shrew mouse . The dung applied with vineger , and a Figge , helps against the poyson of a mad Dogge . The digestion thereof , with vineger , made in Horse dung , helps the eruptions of bloud : So if crude , according to Diosc . Rhas . and Albert. Aesculp . So the powder applied . Ruf. so applied warme ; to which some adde chalk and sharp vineger . Pelagon . That of the same Horse hindreth too much bleeding , after phlebotomie , being applied : Albert. Rhas . So smelled to . Plin. And the bleeding of wounds , the ashes being applied with egge shells . The juyce taken by the nostrils helps bleeding thereat . Aesculap . Dropped into the eares it helps the pains thereof : Plin. So the ashes of that which is fresh , with oile of roses ; as also the want of hearing . Plin. That of a Foale , used within 3. dayes after , in wine helpeth the jaundise , so that of an asses colt . It helpeth the collick . sc. that from oats or Barley , a handful thereof being boiled in unc. 17. of wine , to the consumption of an half , and drunk by degrees , so Empir . Anon. Plin. The ashes of the dung drunk in wine stop the belly : Sext. So the juyce drunk : Marcel . The ashes help the dysentery taken in wine , or in water if there be a Feaver : Plin. As also the coeliack . Hal. The fume bringeth out the secundine and dead birth . Plin. Some use the urine of an Horse , with steeled water against the epilepsy and to help the lymphatick . Empir . With wheate meale an egge and butter it helps the bleeding of cattel , by the fundament , womb , or nostrils . Diosc . Gal. The lichens in the legges of Horses , powdered and drunk in vineger help the epilepsy : some use the same against the biting of any beast . Plin. Put into the eares with oile they fasten the teeth . Drunk in wine or mulse 40. dayes , they help the Soda , and falling sicknesse . Schrod . The bloud , especially of a breeding Mare is mixed with septick and caustick remedies . The milk of a Mare helpeth the epilepsy , phthisis , cough , and asthma's . The curd helps the coeliack and dysentery ; the dung outwardly restraineth the eruptions of bloud , inwardly it helps the collick , strangulation of the womb , & expelleth the dead birth and secundine . The fume of the lichens , helps the suffocations of the womb , and falling sicknesse ; the powder helps the stone . The D. of the extract of the lichens is from gr. 5. to Scrup. sem . the powder of the testicles presently helps the collick and expels the secundine . The fat helps the luxation of the joynts . The fume of the hoofe driveth away lice . The haires stop the flux of bloud . The foame of the mouth , helps the heat of the jaws . Hartm . in pract . The water coming out of the mouth of a stoned Horse , preventeth sterility . The powder of the teeth is a dentifrice . The stone found in the stomack , called hippolithus , is of the vertues of the occidental bezoar . Jonst . Paul . Venet. The bloud helpeth hunger and thirst . Theophrast . The cheese with liquorice , will preserve life , an eleven or twelve dayes . Aet . The whey of the milk purgeth the ulcers of the reines . Some say that the breath preserveth from the plague . As for the description it 's needlesse , they live sometimes to 20. yeares of age and are the most salacious of all animalls , after two yeares of age : It is known by often pissing , and moving of the taile . They are 12. months in breeding , and are provoked to venery , a nettle being put into the mouth , or rubbed on the matrix . Their conception may be known , by the cessation of the menses , and refusall of the Horse : It 's thought they will bring forth a male if Horsed the 3d. day before the full of the Moon , and a female if 3. dayes after : Their noise is called neighing , they beat the ground in their going , they thrust their noses deepe into the Water when they drink , and they are easily flattered ; they observe their enemies , are very docible , of good memory ; love their keepers , and are magnanimous : they love Hens , and bustards ; but hate the Camel , Elephant , Woolf , Beare , Lyon , Sow , Sheep , Asse , Serpent , Sea Calf , Apples , Figges , Gentian , black colours , and dead bodies . Their difference is according to places , parts , and accidents . Adrov . They or hot .

Hyena . Hyaena . P. In Africa , Arabia , Caesaria , and Aethiopia . M. Of the flesh of other Beasts . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Glanos , Belbus , Arab. Akabo .

Hyena . Gesn . T. the flesh is hot and moist : Gal. V. The oile thereof , discusseth like that of the Fox , so Aet . Gesn . the flesh boiled with oile , helps the gout , and pains of the joynts caused by cold : being of a thinne substance and diaphoretick : Rhas . Albert. So decoct in water . Plin. Magitians , used the skinne under those that were bitten by a mad Dog . Marcel . Shooes made thereof help against the gout : that of the head helpeth the head-ach , so Plin. Rhas . Albert : the bloud with Barly meal helpeth the tormina : being taken , and applied hot it helps the Leprosy . The flesh and liver eaten , help against the bitings of a mad Dog . The nerves drunk with Wine and frankincense cause fecundity in those that have been disabled by witchcraft : and the fume thereof helps the paine of the nerves ; so the marrow , and lassitude of the reines , Democ. Marcel . Plin The marrow of the back , mixed with its gall , and old oile boiled to the temper and thicknesse of an Acopon , helpeth all vices of the nerves , and paines . Applied it helps against vaine species . The fume thereof driveth away Serpents ; and it helps the bitings of Dogs being applied . The left part of the brain being used to the nostrils , helpeth dangerous diseases , of man or beasts . The eye taken with licorice and aniseeds , helpeth sterility in women . The teeth applied help the paine thereof . The left applied with sheepes skinne help the paines of the stomach : the greater being worne help against feares in the night : the fume helpeth those that are mad , the breast being anointed with the fat of the reines or liver . Rhas . Albert. Used to the right arme , it resisteth forgetfulnesse . The jaw taken with aniseed ; helpeth horrors : the fume of the same draweth out the termes of Women . The dryed Pallat used with Alum helpeth the stink and ulcers of the mouth . The flesh of the neck being drunk when dryed , or eaten helps the paines of the loines . The shoulders applied , help the paines thereof . The lungs taken in meate help the coeliack . The heart eaten helpeth all paines of the Body ; as also tremblings , spasmes , and the palpitation of the heart , the ashes of the same being applied with the brain : it taketh away haire also , so the gall , they being first pulled up . The fume of the flesh or bones of a man found in the stomach thereof helpeth the gout . The kell with oile helpeth inflammations in ulcers . The ashes of the back bone , with the tongue , and right foot of a Sea Calfe , and Bulls gall , being boiled and applied with the skinne of an hyena help the gout . The bones of the back help those that bring forth . The fume of the first and eigth ribb helpeth ruptures . The flesh and liver eaten , cure the bitings of a mad Dog . The liver eaten before the accessions , helpeth quartans . The sanies of it rosted , with despumated Honey helps the glaucoma . Diosc . The gall is very effectual . Gal. It 's used in ocular remedies , as also that of a Cock , Partridg and certaine other creatures ; it is also stronger , than that of a Bull which exceeds , the Hogs , Sheeps , Goats , and Bugils ; yet it 's inferiour to that of the fish called Callionymus , Sea Scorpion , or Tortise . The gall applied after evulsion hindereth the grouth of haire , so Marcel . and Gal. Also it sharpeneth rhe sight , and discusseth the beginnings of suffusions , with Honey : Plin. And white spots in the eyes : Marcel . Some adde that of Bears to it . Applied to the forehead it helps bleare eyes with Honey , and saffron : Also it helps the argema , roughnesse , excrescencies , and cicatrices therein . Marcel . Used to the forehead it helps all paines of the eyes . Rhas . Albert. That of the male bound to the left thigh of any one causeth coiture : drach. 1. thereof drunk with the decoction of spikenard helpeth the tympany : the membrane thereof , drunk in Wine by those that are cardiack , helps the same . With the Asian stone it helps the gout . The spleen helpeth the spleen . The flesh with oile , sc. that of the loines , helpeth the loines . The fume of the fat , hastens delivery . The bladder drunk in Wine , stops the urine . The womb with the bark of the sweet Pomegranate , helpeth the womb . The fume of the genitall helps the spasme . The substance taken with Honey causeth venery . The feet applied , help the bleared eyes , ruptures , and inflations . The dryed dung drunk , helpeth the dysentery : and applied with Goose grease helpeth the whole Body , hurt by evil remedies . This as also that of an Hog may be put into plaisters against the bitings of a Crocodile , Hieron . Vincent . Bel. It cureth putrid wounds . Tops . as for the description , they are about the bignesse of a Woolfe ; but rougher haired , having bristles along the back like a Horses mane ; the midle of the back is dented : the colour yellowish ; but speckled on both sides with blew spots , which cause him to looke terribly . Their eyes change their colour at the pleasure of the beast . They see best in the night . The neck cannot bend except the whole Body be turned about . Their heart is great , and the genital like a Dogg's . They procreate with Dogges , Lyons , Tigers , and Woolves . Their teeth are like Sawes . The female is most subtile : she counterfeits mans voice , &c. in the night , and so gets a prey . They are enimies to the Pardal .

I.
Ibex . Ibex . P. They are bred in the Alpes , in Clifts . M. Of Herbs as other Beasts . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Ako . Arab. Ohal . Aegoceros .

IBex . T. the flesh is not mentioned as to use . Gesn . V. the bloud helpeth the stone in apiate Wine , taken thrice in a day . Marcel . The dung with Pepper , Honey , and old Wine , helps the sciatica , and joynt aches . The curd is like that of the Hare . So Serapio . and Jonston , &c. Tops . Against the stone , one part of the bloud is used with 6. parts of the aforesaid Wine , and Honey , and so made luke warme , using a bath at noon and in the evening after it , for three dayes together . As for their description , the neck and haire is like a bucks , with a beard under the chin ; the Hornes are 16. palms long bending backwards : in other parts the Body resembleth the harts . They are very swift , and of incredible agility in leaping : if they fall they couch their Bodies , betwixt their hornes . They love cold , and otherwise would be blinde . Their colour is yellowish , and the hoof cloven like a Goats . Hunters drive them to the smooth rocks . They copulate by standing on their hinder legges , and leap on the hunters : their hornes serve for bowes .

Ichneumon . Ichneumon . P. In Aegypt , neere Nilus , and other places . M. Of Mice , Serpents , Snailes , Lizards , and Birds , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Mus Pharaonis , Indicus , Lutra Aeg.

Ichneumon . T. the flesh is not used . Aegin . Avic . V. the fume of the haires , helps against wormes . Gal. The dung may be used in steed of the Cats . Marcel . The urine with the milk of a black heifer , presently helps the collick . Jonst . The ashes of the skinne steeped in vineger , help against the bitings of Serpents , men being anointed there with . As for the description , hee is of the bignesse of a Cat , but longer , haired like a Woolf , and nosed like a Hog , with short round ears , and black legs , with 5. toes in the hinder . He is long tailed , with testicles , tongue and teeth like a Cat. He is an enemy to the Crocodile , breaking the egges when finding them : It hates the Asp , and all kinds of Serpents , and the wind . He bends together like the urtchin , to defend from cold : he sets up the haire , when seing any creature , and sets upon all , with the rest : and the Asp when dirty .

K.
Kid. Hoedus . P. Almost every where , in England , &c. M. Of milke , after of shrubbs , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Gedi . & Arab.

KId. Gal. T. it's next to Hogges flesh in goodnesse , Avic . it 's lesse excrementitious than that of Rams . It is temperate , easily concocted , meanly nourisheth and begets thinne and moist bloud ; it helpeth those that are of a hot and dry temperament . Plin. The lungs prevent drunkennesse . The flesh is best in the Summer . As for the dressing thereof : it may be seene in Apicius and Platina . V. Gesn . The flesh applied warme helpeth the bitings of Serpents . The fume of the haire driveth away Serpents . Plin. The fresh skinne helps stripes . The fume of the haires helps the womb . Gal. The broth made of the flesh , helpeth the quinsey , and inflammation of the tonsills . Diosc . The dry bloud is very profitable in antidotes : Plin. It helps against poyson . Drunk warme with vineger it helpeth the spiting of bloud . It is used against the coeliack and dysentery . Gal. The fat is lesse hot and dry , than that of Goats . The French make a pomatum thereof with camfire and rose water against chaps of the lips , and to defend Womens faces from the Sun . Some adde musk , gum dragant , ceruse , and Goats milk , with cloves : And it 's then of the nature of the unguentum album camphoratum . Some adde washed lime , Goose grease , harts marrow , onions , and rosin for the same purpose . Plin. The ashes of the thighs , help the ruptures of the intestines , stop bloud , and cure biles with Womens milk . Marcel . The curd is next to that of the hinde , or hare . Diosc . It 's equal to that of the Hare , being drunk , in wine against aconite ; and coagulated milk in vineger . See Hare . Hal. drunk it helps against toadstooles : Plin. And misseltoe , white Chameleon , and Bulls bloud : and all bitings or wounds of all Sea creatures drach. 1. being drunk in Wine . It helps the spitting of bloud , so with vineger . Marcel . The q. of a beane taken in myrtle wine fasting , helpeth the coeliack , Plin. And the dysentery . Gal. With vineger it helps the fluxes of Women . Sym. Seth. The lungs preserve from drunkennesse . Marcel . The ashes thereof help itchings of the eyes , and rough eyebrows , being applied as stibium . Plin The ashes of the bladder help the incontinency of urine . The spleen applied helpeth the pain thereof , Marcel . And swellings in Children . Some adulterate euphorbium with the milk of a Kid ; but it may be known , by its ill savour when burned . Tops . If they keep together they show a storm at hand , else faire weather , and when they leap and jump . If geese swallow their haires they dye thereof . They are not to be seperated from their dams till 3. months old , they are then to be fed with milk , three leaved grasse , ivy , and the tops of lentils , tender leaves , or small twigges of trees . The hide serveth to make glew of : and the hair to stuffe beds withall . The red or sandy coloured are the best ; but their flesh is hurtfull to the collick , else they are wholesome fod , rosted , or baked .

L.
Lamb. Agnus . P. Almost every where , in England , and other places . M. Of milk first , then on grasse , as the sheep . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Kebes . Adasia . Bidens .

LAmb. Crescent . T. the flesh , is good , when taken from the dam. Platin. It is more humid , than hot ; but that of a weather is temperate . Gal. Amongst land fourefooted Beasts , the flesh of Hogges is best , then the Kids , and lastly the Lambs ; which is moist and mucous , causing flegme ; but the sheepes , is more excrementitious , and of worse juyce . Here Note that the flesh of all of them when newly brought forth , is mucous ; but especially the Lamb and Pigges . See Ram , and Sheep . Their flesh is moderately hot , and superfluously moist , and therefore hurteth those who are of a moist temper ; but helps those that are more dry : Also the younger it is the moister it is also , and more hardly concocted ; so in other creatures , so Sym. Seth. and by its lubricity it quickly passeth out of the stomach . See weather . It is good meate for those that are strong and in health ; but for those that are sick it is bad , for though it quickly passeth out of the stomach ; yet by reason of its viscous humour , it sticketh too tenaciously in the parts . Athen. It is soon corrupted , by reason of its fatnesse ; so Swines flesh . V. Aet . The flesh of a Lamb applied warme , after cupping glasses , helpeth venimous bitings , so that of other small and young creatures ; as that of Hens , Kids , and Pigges . Marcel . The decoction of one that hath a white head applied , helps baldnesse . Avic . unc. 1. of the bloud mixed with vineger , and drunk 3. dayes helpeth the vomiting of bloud , so that of a Kid. It helpeth the Epilepsy with Wine , so Avic . Yet Gesner denyeth it ; antepilepticks , having a●tmetick , or inciding faculty . Aet . With fat , the curd of a Goat , Kid , Hare , and the gall , together with Harts marrow , and oile of roses and spike , being used to the matrix after purgation , it causeth conception . Plin. The grease applied with the slough of a Serpent water and bitumen , helpeth St. Anthonies fire ; yet some affirme it of the Beares fat . Rhas . The marrow melted at the fire , with oile of nuts , and white sugar , being drunk , dissolveth the stone of the bladder , and helpeth pissing of bloud , Albert. As also paines of the genital , bladder and reines . Aet . The skinne spread with pitch , and applied to the belly helpeth the dysentery with coldnesse . R. Mos . A garment made of the skinnes , strengthneth the Body of young men . They heate more than those of Goats , and are better for the back and reines . Marcel . The ashes of the Bones cure ulcers , that will not easily be cicatrized . Gal. Plin. The lungs help gallings by the shooe : Diosc . And keep them from in flammation . Marcel . The ashes of the same with oile help the ulcers of Kibes . Plin. The curd of a Lamb resisteth all evil medicaments , and poyson . Drunk in Wine it helps against aconite , and curdled milk with vineger , so Diosc . Avic : it helpeth all venimous bitings , and those of all marine creatures drach. 1. being drunk in Wine , so that of an Hare or Kid. Plin. Drunk in Wine it helpeth the bitings of the shrew . Drunk in water it helps the curdling of the milk in the stomachs of infants : Plin. And the vices thereof , with vineger . Injected into the nostrils with water , it stops its bleedings . See Kidde . Plin. Samon . the gall with hony helps the Epilepsy . Albert. Applied it helps Cancers . Plin. The bloud that issueth out after gelding , applied hindereth the grouth of haire , after evulsion thereof : The decoction of the feet , helpeth the paines of the bladder . The dung before they eate grasse , being dryed and applied plaister wise , helpeth the pain of the uvula and jawes , so Marcel . Schrod . the wool with the skinne helpeth the quinsey , and other swellings in the neck , being applied . Tops . They know the voice of their dammes though amongst a 1000 Sheep , and the Sheep them by smelling on their back parts . They wagge the taile whilest sucking . If they suck not their mothers their lips are to be anointed with butter or Hogs grease and milk . Salt is to be given to them after eaning ; but the first are not to be nourished . The best are bred in the spring : and ivy preserves them .

Linx . Lynx . P. In Europe , America , Lithuania , and Polonia , &c. M. Of the flesh of beasts , Cats , and chiefly the brains . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Lupus Cervarius . Oxyderches .

Linx . T. The flesh is not yet used . V. Schrod . The fat helpeth the resolution of the sinews , convulsions , and luxations . The claw is usually put into silver or gold , against the falling sicknesse or spasme . Gesn . The ashes of the claws with that of the skinne , being applied helpe luxury in man or woman . The urine helpeth the losse of the same in man : Plin. As also the paine in the throat . Their claws are thought to help the spasme by signature . Plin. He hideth the urine , being medicinal , which after turneth into a stone , called lyncurius , ( see my Pammineralogie ) which being drunk is said to expel the stone , and to help the jaundise . Solin . It helpeth the paines of the reines . Jonst . Weck . The ointment of the fatt , expelleth the stone . Crollius maketh a salt of the stone & crabs eyes . Euonimus mixes lithontriptick herbs with the bloud thereof to wast the stone . As for the description , their head is little , eyes shining , and countenance couragious . They have teats in their breasts , and spots on their skinne which is about three foot long , the haire is soft with a kinde of a down ; the ends of the hair on the back are whitish , to the midst of the belly : the eares are little and squarish , the beard is of white haires , like a cats ; the feet are shagged , with five toes before , and foure behind . The crunium hath three futures , the teeth are twenty . They generate like dogs , and bring forth two or three . Their sight exceeds that of all other animals ; therefore they are said to see through solid bodies . They are very swift , and forget their prey if they looke back ; and are rough in the winter .

Lion . Leo. P. In Mauritania , Parthia , Getulia , and Syria , &c. M. Of the flesh of men , beasts , or birds . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Ari. Arab. Asad . Pers. Gehad .

Lion . Albert. Isaac . T. The flesh is hotter than that of other creatures , grosse , and slowly digested ; causing paine , torsion , and inflation . Plin. Solin . The Agriophagi in Aegypt eate the flesh , as also that of Panthers . Rhas . Note , the flesh of all rapacious creatures inclineth to drynesse , and easily generates melancholick bloud in the body ; but of all the rest that of Woolfes & Dogs is most condemned , causing corrupt humours . V. Rhas . Albert. The bloud of a Lion rubbed on a cancer , cureth the same . Sext. The bloud rubbed on the body defendeth it from all beasts ; but Pliny attributeth the same to the fatt . Sext. The flesh eaten defendeth from fancies . Aesculap . it helps all paines , Albert. and the palsey . Gal. Shooes made of the skinne helpe the paine of the feet . Aesculap . Being sate upon it helpeth the hemorrhoids . Diosc . The fatt is to be prepared as that of Bulls , and is the hortest of all , and groweth more hot by keeping , and digesteth more than that of other foure-footed beasts ; being more hot and of thinner parts ; therefore it hurteth ulcers & phlegmons ; but helpeth old tumours , scirrhus's and spasmes . That of the Bull is so much lesse hot , than the Lions , as it is more hott than the Swines ; so also in drynesse , so Gal. the fatt resisteth poyson ; used with wine it expelleth evil beasts , and the smell driveth away Serpents . Aesculap . The fatt of the reines used to the body driveth away Woolfs , Rhas . and flies . Plin. With oile of roses , it preserveth the skinne of the face , causeth whitenesse , and helpeth snow burnings , & paines of the joynts . Albert. mixed with unguents it remooveth spots of the face , which others affirme of the dung . Sext. The fatt easeth all paines , as also that of the nerves and knees , being mixed with Harts marrow and lettuce . Plin. With oile of roses it helps quotidian feavers . Sext. Being dropped into the eares it helps the paines thereof : Marcel . and the tonsils being anointed therewith . Being injected into the body in a clyster , it helpeth the dysentery . With the gall it helps the epilepsy . The braine eaten causeth madnesse ; and dropped into the eare with oile it helps deafenesse . Rhas . The dogge tooth of a Lion hung about the neck of a child , preventeth the toothach . Plin. The heart eaten helpeth quartans . Albert. The liver drunk in wine , helpeth the paine of the liver . Bertrut . The gall drunk causeth present death ; though some attribute it to that of the Leopard . With water it cleareth the eyes ; and with the fatt it helps the epilepsy , being tasted . Albert. A little drunk , cureth the jaundise . Gal. With honey it helps the ulcers and white spots in the eyes . Used in a pessary it causeth conception . Albert. The testicle taken with roses causeth sterility . Aristot. Their bitings and wounds are cured , as those of dogs , that are mad , and Woolfs . sc. By scarification , washing with vineger , taking out the splinters ; & applying plaisters , to suppurate , purge , and cicatrize , as Aetius informeth . Jonst . The powder of the heart helps the epilepsy . The fatt helps kibes . The powder of the bones drunk with agrimony water cureth simple feavers . As for the description he hath a mean head , square forehead , high eyebrowes , eyes not very voluble or prominent , nose thick , jaws equal , wide mouth , neck large and thick , brest strong , metaphren broad , and the middle of the belly narrow , legs strong and nervous , haire yellow and crisped , with five toes in the foremost feet , and foure in the hinder . The Lionesse is smooth & teated , the bowels are like the Dogs , the spleen black , the marrow in the bones is little . Their temper is most hot and dry , by reason of the heat of the heart . They drink little . They generate with the Panther , Leopard and Hyena , sc. the Lionesse ; and with the Dog . They bring forth after six months , and six young ones at once . They love the Dolphin ; and hate the privities of a Woman , bristles of Hoggs , wild Asse , Bull , and Ape . They looke on the earth that they may not fear the hunter . They sleepe with the eyes open , wagging the taile . Their noise is hideous . They will oppose a multitude of opposites : and run only when not seen , drawing in their nailes . They are taken in pits .

M.
Mole . Talpa . P. Almost every where in pastures , and other places . M. Of Worms , earth , and roots of herbs , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Arab. Pelagoz . Mus terrenus .

MOle . T. The flesh is not used in meat . Plin. V. They help the bitings of the shrew ; so applied , so Plin. Valer. Hal. They help the wounds of Scorpions . Sext. Applied they help glanduls . Arnold . Olivar . Their excrements with honey help the kings evil . Furner . The water in which they have been soaked till the haires come off , used twice or thrice , taketh away haire . Ruf. The oile in which they have been boiled , till dissolved , causeth grouth of the same in horses . The lye in which they have been often boiled used warm , causeth white haires in horses . Anon. So the fatt after long boiling . The ashes applied with the white of an egge to leprouse parts , help the same , so Albert. Olivar . So with oile or honey . Plin. Marcel . The ashes with honey help the Kings evil : Vincent . And the fistula : Sext. Also it fastens the teeth . The bloud causeth hair on a bald head , so Albert. Anon. applied with paper it helps the paronychia . Plin. Applied it helps the lymphatick . The earth he casts up with the head helps wens and impostumes , so the liver . The tooth helps the teeth . Schrod . The ashes of a mole or want taken inwardly with beer or wine helpe the running gout . The D. is scrup . sem . daily . The heart helps the rupture , one being taken at a time for three or foure dayes . Jonst . The ashes help fistula's : They have little sight , but excellent hearing . Their description is needlesse . Tops . Usually they have a black dusky colour : when they digg after wormes they creep out of the earth to avoide them . In July they run upon the earth to seek food , worms then being scant . Their enemies are Weafels , & Wild Catts . They may be taken by fastning pikes over the places where they work , with a bridge . They are killed by putting white hellebore and hemlock into the holes : also burne sulphur to drive them away .

Mouse . Mus. P. Almost every where , in houses and barnes , &c. M. Of bread , cheese , corne , and tallow , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Achar . Arab. Phir . Chald. Acbe .

Mouse . Arnold . T. The flesh eaten causeth oblivion , and corrupteth the meat ; yet those of Calechut eate them ; it is hot , soft and fattish , and expelleth melancholy , so Rhas . and Albert. yet Gesner doubteth therein . V. Plin. A Mouse dissected and applied , draweth out reeds , darts , and other things that stick in the flesh . So Marcel . After being flead : and helps the wounds of Serpents . Diosc . Gal. Avic . Rhas . Albert. The same helpeth the wounds of Scorpions . Plin. Applied fresh it helps the bitings of the shrew ; as also it selfe applied . It killeth warts , so Rhas . and Albert. Some use the fatt thereof rosted in a Goose against the scirrhus . Young Mice bruised , and reduced to the consistence of an acopon with old wine , cause haire on the eyebrows . Diosc . Rhas . Avic . Albert. being eaten by children when rosted , they dry up their spittle . Plin. The Magicians eat them twice in a month against the paines of the teeth . Marcel . The water in which they have been boiled helps against the quinsey . Plin. So boiled with vervain . Boiled with oile and salt , they help the vices of the lungs , and spitting of bloud . Being boiled and eaten , they help childrens pissing in bed : Seren. So the ashes with wine or Goats milk . Being dissected and applied they help the gout . Plin. The ashes help burnings , Marcel . and the falling off of the haire , with that of cypresse balls , the hoose of a Mule , myrtle oile , that of a hedg-hog , sandaracha , vineger , and tarre : the same with oile help the tetter . Archig . Applied daily plaister-wise with axunge , it helpeth the alopecia , being first rubbed with garlick , Rhasis and Albertus adde oile of bayes . Galen useth them with honey and Beares grease . And Heraclides , with those of haire cloath , and of Horse teeth , with harts marrow , reeds powdered , and honey . Plin. tho ashes dropped into the ears , with honey or oile of roses help the paines of the eares . Marcel . Plin. With honey rubbed on the teeth , they sweeten the breath ; but some adde the roots of fennel Gal. The flesh stamped with the yolk of an egge , to the consistence of a ceror , and applied with a linnen cloth , helps the carnose inflammation of the cornea . Plin. Marcel . Gal. Avic . The fresh bloud killeth warts . Gal. With the gall of a Cock , and Womens milk an . it mightily helpeth suffusions . Plin. The ashes of the skinne , applied with vineger help the paines of the head . Rhas : Albert. The head worne in a cloth , helps the headach and epilepsy . Gal. The ashes of the head with honey helpe the alopecia . Some use them with hellebore and pepper after cantharides , tarre , and nitre ; as also flies torrified . Sext. The ashes with honey used ten dayes , cleare the eyes . With that of a hare , and spikenard , they sweeten the breath . Marcel . The braine being steeped in wine , and applied to the forehead helpeth the headach . Used with water it cureth the phrensey . Sext. The heart taken out of a Mouse when alive , worne about the arme of a Woman , causeth no conception . Seren. The fillet of the liver drunk with austere wine helpeth quartans . Gal. The liver rosted in the new of the moon trieth the epilepsy . Plin. Marcel . Seren. The gall with vineger dropped into the eare , bringeth out living creatures in the eare . Plin. The dung is corrosive . Aet . It is mixed with remedies against ringworms . Plin. With vineger it helps lichens in the face , being first fomented with nitre and vineger . Marcel . So it helps tettars . Myreps . With earth-worms , white pepper ; & myrrhe an . unc . sem . mixed with vineger , and applied it helpeth the hemicrania . Plin. With frankincense and sandaracha it discusseth the pani . Marcel . Seven of the pills applied to the forehead or temples , with vineger , helpe the paine thereof : Marcel . Stamped with the herb strumus , and applied to the forehead with vineger , it presently helpeth the paine of the hemicrania . With vineger it helps scurfe . Plin. Var It helps the alopecia . Diosc . So with vineger , so Asclep . and Gal. some add tarre also . Rhas . Albert. Some adde the juyce of rocket , cresses , onions or garlick . Avic . And honey , Gal. and frankincense , white hellebore , and pepper , with tosted barley . Applied with that of a Goat and honey they help bald eyebrows . Plin. Seren. With raine water it helps the swellings of Womens teats , after child birth . Marcel . Given in any liquour it helpeth the collick . Vincent . Bel. It looseneth the body : Therefore some nurses use it for children , in suppositories , so Diosc . to which some adde salt , oile , or honey . Marcel . Drunk with wine it helpeth the hip-gout . Diosc . With frankincense , and mulse it expelleth the stone . Avic . So with the water of honey . Plin. So applied . Avic . The fume of the decoction helps the difficulty of urine . Plin. Applied it hindereth venery in men . Hippocrates maketh a pessary thereof to bring out the foetus dead or putrified in the womb . Avic . The ashes with honey help the alopecia . Gal. It helps the morphew . Plin. With that of flies , an . with stibium and oesipus , they cause haire on the eye-brows . Plin. Seren. It helpeth hollow teeth being put therein . Plin. And the diseases of the fundament . Arnold . The urine corrodeth even to the bones , so Albert. Yet some attribute it to that of the Ratt . Diosc . The bitings of Mice are helped , by green figgs , and garlick , so Plin. Arnold . they hurt rather by their biting ; than by their poyson . Schrod . The fatt helpes the nerves , contractions , and cold . Jonst . They are often generated out of the filth in houses . They are enemies to elaterium , squils , coloquintida , Weasels , Hawkes , and Catts , &c. And freinds to marjerom , the roots of which they eat when sick . They heare quickly , and hate light in the night , if in the water they hang by one an others tailes that they may be drawn out . Their difference is according to magnitude , colour , haire , smell and place . Gesn . The ventricle of the Alpin mouse helps the collick being applied : some use that fatt in septicks , and ointments against the malignant ulcers in Horses , and wormes , with things that dry . Matth. The same mollifieth the nerves , and helpeth contractions . The flesh helps the womb ; yet it s hot and hardly digested .

Mule . Mulus . P. In Capadocia , Persia , and Babilon , &c. M. Of herbs and fruits , as also graine . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Pered . Arab. Beal .

Mule . Aldrov . Plin. T. V. Some affirme that the dust in which a mule hath tumbled , helpeth the desire of love , being sprinkled on the body . Ponzet . The infection by poyson may be helped by putting the patient into the belly of a Mule or Camel newly killed , the heat thereof resolving the poyson , and strenghtening the spirits and all the parts . The ashes of the skinne and the like , applied help parts burned by fire , they heat ulcers without impostumes , and help the gallings of the feet , and hips , as also fistula's . Rhas . Albert. The marrow maketh stupid . Aldrovand . The parts cause sterility . The dry heart sprinkled with wine and drunk , after purgation , hindereth conception : Albert , so the testicles worne in the skinne of the same . Diosc . The ashes cause sterility in virgins . So the reines drunk with the bark of white poplar , as also the matrix boiled with flesh and eaten ; and the excrements of the eares , taken alone or with castoreum : or the urine drunk with assa foetida , and the sweat used with wool in a pessary , as also the skinne and eares , are all atocia together with the herb called hemionos . Plin. The haires of the taile cause conception . The ashes of the skinne help adustions , and heat ulcers , without impostumes : also they help gallings of the feet , hips , and fistula's . Plin. The ashes of the hoofes with myrtle oile help the alopecia ; Marcellus addeth vineger and tarre , Sewtus useth the liver in steed thereof , with the aforesaid oile , & the ashes of the cones of cypress ; so Matth. Marcel . the ashes of the hoof helpe the vices of the privities . Marcel . The dung drunk with oxymel helpeth the spleen , and easeth the paine . Hippoc. The ashes of the same drunk with wine help fluxes of the womb . Aegineta maketh a remedy of the urine against the gout . Plin. Applied with the dung it helps cornes . The lichens drunk in oxymel help the epilepsy . Marcel . The foame of the mouth drunk in warme water helpeth shortnesse of breath . So Aldrov . Gesn . Their bitings , are cured as those of the Cat , & to be fomented with the decoction of nep . Schrod . The fume of the hoof stops the menses .

Musk-catt . Moschius . P. In China , Africa , Aegypt , Cathai , and Pegu. M. Of sweet things , as spicknard , &c. N. Moschi Capreolus . Dorcas Moschi . Gazella Ind.

Musk-catt . Schrod . T. Musk is hot 2° . dry 3° . it doth attenuate , discusse , and is cordial , alexipharmick and cephalick . V. It 's used chiefely in all affections of the heart , as the palpitation thereof , drunk or applied , it cherishing the vital spirits , exalting and recreating the same : therefore it is good in diseases of the head and nerves , caused by cold , and thick humours , it is also very good in the collick , &c. Outwardly it extenuats thin wefts in the eyes , and dryeth up humid defluxions . It provoketh to venery , and helpeth hearing , being put into the cares with cotton . The D. is gr. 4. or 5. H. By reason of its sweetnesse it attracteth the womb , and therefore it 's not to be given to Women : sc. those that are troubled with the rising of the mother ; but it may then be applied to the privities , with good successe . Hereof is made the species diamoschu dulce & amarum in the London Dispensatory , and musked oile : Gesn . Sym. Seth. Constantin . Musk is hot and dry 3° , and of thinne parts . It heateth also , applied outwardly . So Brasav . It s drynesse appeareth by its excesse in odour , this having its foundation in siccity ; yet it hath many humid parts , with a thick moisture , so Aristot . Constant. it is agreeable to old men in the winter . Platear . It dissolveth and consumeth . Mon. in Mes. a small quantity thereof is of great efficacy , and therefore it 's put sparingly into medicines , and then not stamped , but being first dissolved in rosewater , &c. Avic . It is a theriaca against poysons , especially napellus . Sym. Seth. &c. It strengthneth weak parts . Sylv. Aet . It 's used therefore in analeprick remedies . Sym. It helps against lipothymie , and weakenesse . It strengthneth the liver , and helpeth the paine of the stomach caused by cold , being given with wine , or diamargariton , or pleres archonticon , in the aforesaid dose , so Platear and Isid. It strengthneth the heart and all the bowels applied as a cataplasme ; it strengthneth all the members , yea even the very bones , as some affirme : applied it helps the heavinesse of the head , and vertigo caused by the abundance of humours , and causeth sleep , Avic . Aver . It strengtheneth the heart , and exhilerateth . Sym. It helps those that are cardiack . Avic . It helps the trembling of the heart , and the temperate brain . Sym. It helpeth the head when cold , but hurteth it when hot , Rhas . causing the head-ach , Sylv. and epilepsy , Brasav . and suffocation of the womb : Also it causeth heavinesse and repletion , and head-ach . It heateth and dryeth the brain ; but strengthneth it with sternutatories . Constantin . Used in ptarmicks it helpeth the palsey . Mesarug . It helpeth the soda ( that is an old head ach , ) followed by great humidity . With saffron and a little camphire it helps the cold soda : As also musk used alone by reason of its resolving and confirming faculty , so Avic . it helps stupefaction in the body , and deasenesse . Avic . Aver . It helps the careful melancholy . Constant , It expels melancholick feare , and maketh couragious . It 's used in collyries and dry ocular remedies , cleansing white spots , drying up noxious humours , and strengthning the eyes , so Avic . Rhas . it helps nauseousnesse and the appetite . Aver . It dissolveth thick flatulencies in the intestines : and helps the suffocation of the womb . ( sc. being applied downwards . ) So Platear . sc . the fume : applied to the nostrils it helps the precipitation thereof . To bring forth the menses , and cause conception hindered by a cold cause , it may be used downwards with triphera magna , as also a pessary made of styrax calamita , amber and this ; so cotton , with moscheline oile and musk . Also it hath a certaine humidity , causing coiture , especially applied to the yard , with the oile of Palma Christi : Brasav . or in Women anointed on the colon . therefore , ( it being aphrodisiastick ) some use it in diasatyrion . Platear . Being eaten it palliats the stink of the mouth , so moschardins : and the smell of the armeholes , they being rubbed therewith . Jonst . Mercurial . Applied to the nostrils it draweth forth bloud , it opening the nostrils ; but it 's much used in analepticks , tremblings , sweet balls , flatulencies , the syncope , fumes , smegma's , trageas , and ointments . Schrod . As for the description they are not much unlike Goats . As for the musk it is an excrement contained in an impostume , about the navil , produced in the time of venery , which by reason of the paine , they rub against stones or roots of trees , and so breake it that the sanies may run forth , which then sticketh to the same , and by reason of a further elaboration by the Sun , it becoms most sweet musk . Some also cut off the vomice and hang it in the Sunne ; but this is more immature , and worse . C. Platear . The best is of a spikenard colour . Brasav . The sweetest is the blackish . Jonst . It may be adulterated many wayes , especially the black and reddish , sc. with foure parts of Goats bloud , to one thereof , Alex. Benedict . Or with a Kids liver , Gesn . or the root of angelica . Some faine a vessicle & so fill it , seasoning it with musk , but this is twice so heavy as the true , & is sooner softened in water . Some adulterate it with nutmegs , cinamon , cloves , and spikenard an With musked rose-water , or benjamin , storax and Ladanum . It s scent is recovered by hanging it in a jakes , and is kept in glasses .

O.
Oryx . Oryx . P. In Lybia and in Aegypt , also in other places . M. As of the wild Goats . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Orynx . Orix . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Oxyceros .

ORyx . Jonst . T. V. The water in which their hornes have been infused certaine dayes being drunk , helpeth those that have been bitten by a venimous fish , or beast . Tops . As for the description it differeth little from that of wild Goats , but only that the haire groweth averse . In quantity it is like the Roe . The hornes are upright , black , and so sharp that they pierce brasse or iron , Herrod . Pol. Laur. Val. and serve to make musical instruments of . They are accounted enemies to the rising of the Sunne or Moone ; and love the little dog Starre , cold and raine then passing away . When they see a Boare , Bear , or Lion , they bend their hornes to the earth , till the assault be made , and so goare the beasts , so that they forget the combat licking up their own bloud . They fight till victors or overcome , they fight with all beasts , and kill one an other . It 's said to be alwayes thirsty , yet having a bladder in it that quencheth thirst in others . They are taken by snares .

Otter . Lutra . P. Often in Europe , as in England by rivers . M. Of fishes , tops of plants , fruits , and barks . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Canis fluviatilis . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 .

Otter . Gesn . Albert. T. The flesh is cold and foetid ; Hier. Trag. yet some eat them in Germany . V. Aelian . The bloud mixed with vineger and water , helpeth swellings of the nerves . Shooes made of the skinne , are very good for the sinews : Aet . And mightily help paines thereof , and of the feet : Pliny attributes the same to that of the Beaver . Albert. The skinne helps against the palsey . Her . So caps made thereof ; as also the vertigo , and paine of the head . Gesn . The liver baked helps the dysentery . Hermol . The testicles help the epilepsy , and have the vertue of Castoreum , so Aet . But are lesse effectual , so Brasav . Herodot . They are useful in remedies for the womb , or to help the matrix . Jonst . The flesh is grosse and pituitous . Holler . The fat , the body being stuffed , with digestive remedies , and rosted , helpeth the paine of the nerves . Stooles covered with the skinne help the hemorrhoids : they breath often after diving , and smell fish far , & fish-pools . As for the description he is more long and slender than the Beaver , headed like a Dogge , toothed like a hound , and eared like the Beaver , with a long taile ; legged like a Foxe , short haired , and of a chestnut colour .

Ounce . Vncia . P. They are bred in Lybia , and other places . M. It liveth upon flesh . N. Vnzia . Vnctia , Lozanum Tops .

Ounce . Tops . T. V. the gall is deadly poyson ; it hateth all creatures and destroyeth them , especially men : and loveth none but it 's owne kinde . Dr. Cay , as for the description , it 's most cruel , and of the bignesse of a mastiue Dogge : with a face and eares like a Lion ; Body , taile , feet , and nailes like a Cat ; a terrible aspect , teeth so sharp that they can cut wood , and strong nailes for defence , and betwixt an oak and ash colour with black spots . They fight at the head .

Panther . Panthera . P. In Africa , Asia , Pamphylia . and Bengala , &c. M. Of Flesh , especially of Dogges , Apes , and Lambs . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Leopardus . Pardus . Pardalis .

Panther . Rhas . Albert. T. the flesh is hot and dry : Solin Yet the Agriophagi of Aegypt eate them . Gal. and others . V. Gesn . Some say that the skinne of a Leopard being laine on , driveth away Serpents . Sylv. The fat of a Pardall is hot , and dry , next to that of Lion , and the Beares next to this . Rhas . The sat of a Leopard is grosse and sharp , it 's subtiltie appeares in those that have a pulse in their temples , and the vertigo , the smell thereof being taken whilest it is rosting : Albert. Also it helps against the palsey , and palpitation of the heart . Albert. With oile of bayes , it helps the Scab and Ringwormes . The bloud helps the swellings of the veines or varices , being used warme . The flesh is hot and dry . The brain with the juyce of rocket applied to the genital of a man , causeth lust , but the marrow drunk helps the paines of the womb . Bertrat . The gall of a Leopard drunk doth presently kill . Matth. It presently causeth a vomiting of green and pale choller ; as also the smell and taste of aloes in the nostrils and mouth , and the jaundise . The antidote after vomiting , is of the earth of Lemnos , and bay berries , an . p. 1. of the curd of a Capreol . p. 3. of the seed of rue , and Myrrhe an . p. sem . made up with honey , the D. is the q. of a Nut with vomiting , and a sweet bath : It causeth all the Symptomes that Napellus , and the bitings of vipers doe , and is so cured . Gesn . The Leopard is a most hot creature , as may be conjectured from his black spots , and swift motion : therefore the gall burneth the humours by its heat , and killeth within 6. hours . Sticking to the muscles of the ventricle it causeth spasmes . The Scythians poyson their arrows therewith that they may kill the sooner , so Ponzet . Matth. the stone called lingua Serpentis by its sweat sheweth the gall of a Leopard , Viper or napellus . So Math. and Apon . Albert. The sixt part of drach. 1. taken with water , hindereth generation and causeth sterility . Rhas . Albert. The right testicle of a Leopard , being drunk by a Woman , though ancient , causeth the menses , and the more , being often used ; the same may be stopped by the fresh seed of fleawort . The remedies against Panthers and Beares , see in Lion , Avic . They are cured by attraction , and then as other wounds . Jonst . The fat is cosmetick . As for the description they have a little face , great mouth , little shining wandering eyes , long forehead , round eares , long and thinne neck , breast with small ribbs , long back , fleshy buttocks and thighs , various colour , and an asymmetrous body . They accompanie with the Lion , Dogg , or Woolf , and bring forth many . They hate Men , Serpents & garlick , & the Hyena .

Porcupine . Hystrix . P. In all Africa and India , also in Italy and France . M. Of apples , rapes , pares , parsnips , and bread . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Arab. Adaldal . Acanthocoiros .

Porcupine . Gesn . T. The flesh , as that of an hedg-hogg , though it be not much eaten ; yet it helps the stomach , looseneth the belly , and helpeth the leprosy , and scab ; being salted it cureth the dropsy , and preventeth pissing in bed , so Platin. and Plin. also the ashes drunk preserve the birth , and prevent abortion , so that of an hedg-hogg applied with oile . Jonst . Agric. They have mouthes like the Hare , foure long teeth , fore feet like the Baddger , and hinder like the Beare ; on the back and sides diverse coloured prickles , partly black partly white , of two or three hands length , which they erect as the Peacock doth the taile , and ejaculate , when entring into their harbour : And they seeke their prey in the night chiefely . Women use their quils to part their haire , Pliny useth them to pick the teeth withall , they strengthning the same . They are terrene or marine as to their differences .

R.
Rainger . Rangifer . P. In Iapponia , Swecia , Norwegia , and other places . M. Of mountain mosse , leaves , and herbs . N. Reingus . Franc. Raingier . Germ. Rein.

RAinger . Jonst . T. The milk is a domestick nutriment , and the whey serveth as drink . V. the skinne serveth as a covering for the body and beds , as also to make bellows of , being tough ; the nerves serve in steed of flax to sow withall : the bones and hornes to make bows of . The flesh dried in the smoake lasteth many yeares . The hoofes help the spasme . The haire serveth to stuffe cushions withall . As for the description , their head is like a Calfs , the mane like a Horses , the hornes ramous , smooth , slender , longish , and stretched backwards ; in other things considering the proportion , they are like the common Harts . Tops . They change their colour according to the time of the year , and quality of the place in which they feede . Their hoofe is moveable , which they spread in the snow and so avid their enemies . They are used to draw when tamed ; they goe in heards , and live hardly . The females are without hornes , and yeeld milk .

Ram. Aries . P. Almost every where , in all countries . M. Of herbs , leaves , hay , and graines . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Ail . Arab. Kabsa . Pers. Nerameish .

Ram. Gesn . T. The flesh in respect of concoction and juyce is the worst , next that of Goats ; and the Bulls the worst of all : amongst all which the gelded is best , and the oldest the worst , so Gal. Avic . that of Goats is lesse excrementitious , this is stronger and lesse excrementitious , this is lesse moist than the flesh of Sheepe , and harder of concoction . The young are lesse humid and viscous , and so better , than that of Lambs or Sheep ; for being well concocted , they generate much and good bloud , especially the castrate , being temperately hot and moist , and therefore of good taste ; but it is worst when old , being then most cold . This is best when of a yeare old , sc. for young people , of a hot and dry temperament , and those that live in such countryes , so Isaac . Aet . the lungs powdered are very hardly digested . Arnold . The marrow is thought to be venimous , and so contrary to mans nature ; so that it will destroy the memory ; the antidote is the flesh of a Pheasant . V. Gesn . The skinne of a Ramme hot , helps wounds by stroakes , and bruises . Arnold . The plaister made thereof helpeth ruptures . Plin. The testicles of a cocke anointed with Goose grease , applied therewith hinder venery . The wooll washed in cold water and sprinkled with oile , helps the evil inflammation of the womb , and the fume helpeth the falling down of the same , so Sextus . Myreps . the fume of the wooll , that groweth betwixt the hornes helpeth the hemicrania . Some use the ashes thereof with vineger . Marcel . So against the headach : also the ashes of the wool mixed with water and applied help the vices of the privities , so Plin. being new shorne and applied to the hands and feet , it stoppeth bleeding . The flesh with the broth of coleworts , helpeth against cantharides : The ashes thereof help the morphew and ringworms , as also the bitings of Serpents and Scorpions , and those of a mad Dogg with wine . Avic . The same help white spots in the eyes . Sext. The fatt with sandaracha , helpeth kibes , mixed with alum ; and the scab without it . Plin. With the ashes of a pumice stone , and a like quantity of salt , it helps fellons . The lungs helpe the colour of cicatrices , and the fatt with nitre . Plin. Marcel . The gall with the fatt helps the gout . Marcel . The ashes of the hornes , mixed with oile and applied , after shaving , curle the haire . Some use the head with aromaticks against folly arising from the distemper of the braine . Plin. The lungs consume excrescencies in ulcers : Marcel . So applied warm . Plin. They help the discolouring of cicatrices , so Sext. And helpe gallings , Marcel . As also kibes and ruptures of the feet . Sext. The liquour thereof , applied helps clavicles in the hands or privities . Plin. The sanies helps ringworms also Aesculap . the liquour of it boiled helps tertians , and the diseases of the reins . Marcel . It helpeth kibes applied crude . Albert. The belly boiled with Wine , and mixed with water , and given to drink to Sheep , helpeth the pestilence of the same . Hal. The gall helps the pain of the eares , caused by cold . Plin. Marcel . With the fat it helps the gout . Plin. The old testicles , the q. of a penny weight being taken in water or Asses milk , help the Epilepsy , abstaining from Wine 5. dayes before and after . Plin. The ashes of the thighs applied with Womens milk with clean cloaths help biles . The ashes of the claw with hony cure the bitings of a Shrew . Sext. The Sordes which the Ram hath betwixt the thighs , with equal parts of myrrhe and birthwort , drunk help the jaundise , Pliny affirmeth the same of that of the eares also . Jonst . the lungs rosted prevent ebriety . Hippoc. the liver helps , wefts , or bloud shotten eyes , blowed in . Tops . The best for breed are the one coloured , tall , straight , large bellied , full of wool , long and rough tailed , with a broad forehead , large testicles , & broad shoulders and buttocks . They should bee 2. years old before they copulate , and kept apart before the time of conjunction , being fed with Barly , Onions , Solomons seal , Satyrion , and salt water : the fittest time for admission is in October , the cold of the Winter being then over before the time of ening : they may be kept 8. years for that purpose ; but then they seeke the eldest yewes chiefely .

Rat. Sorex . P. In England , and Spain , and other places . M. Of Bread , Corn , Pulse , Flesh , Cheese , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Rattus . Ital. Rato .

Rat. Plin. T. V. the Body being eaten by those that are great , causeth black eyes ; so Seren. Plin. The fat helpeth the palsey , so that of the dormouse . The ashes with the fat and honey , help the watrings of the eyes . Sext. And being taken every day cleare the eye sight . Marcel . Applied with oile they help kibes . Tops . Their flesh is farre more hot and sharp , than the flesh of the vulgar Mouse ; so it 's more likely to expell and dry more . Their excrements also are of the same vertue . The dung helps the falling off of the hair . They are most venimous in the time of lust and copulation , the very urine falling uppon a bare place causing a rotting of the flesh ; even to the bones : neither will it suffer any scarre to be made upon the ulcers . They are killed by the same poysons and meats , that the common mice are killed by , except Woolfs bane which they vomit up .

Rock-goat . Rupicapra . P. In Persia , and the East-Indies , &c. M. Of Alpish herbs , and the black root of doronicum . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Capra Alpina , Montana , & Sylv.

Rock-goat . Jonst . T. the flesh is dry , and of melancholick juyce . V. The warme bloud helpeth the vertigo , so Schrod . the fat taken with milk helps the phthisick and exulceration of the lungs . The powder of the liver helpeth the flux of the belly . The gall cureth the weft in the eye , and nyctalops . The dung wasteth and expels the stone . The stone found about the stomack , like that of Bezoar , of a black colour , sweet smell , and of the bignesse of a Wallnut : helpeth malignant feavers , poysons , and the plague , &c. in somuch , that some call it the German Bezoar . The D. is gr. 15. to 20. and as a prophylactick 4. or 5. So Casp . Bauh . de lap . Bez. Tops . They are in bignesse like the common Goat , but higher , their colour is between brown and red , they are of the first colour in Winter and the last in Summer . Their hornes crook backwards to their shoulders ; they leape farre , and love their young exceedingly .

Roe-buck . Capreolus . P. In Africa . Egypt , Germany , Arabia , and Lycia . M. Of fresh pastures , rushes and bulrushes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Zebi . Capreus . Arab. Gazel .

Roe-buck . Gesn . T. the flesh is better than that of other wild creatures , being familiar to mans Body , and is fit for humid Bodies , and those that have many superfluities , as also for the collick , and Epilepsy ; but it stoppeth the belly , and helps the worms by its siccity , so Sym. Seth. Rhas . The flesh engendreth little excrement , being dry , Arab. The nutriment thereof is cold and dry : as for the cookery thereof , See Platina and Apicius . V. Plin. They are of the vertues of the tame Goats ; but more strong , as also ( for the most part ) other wild creatures are , in respect of the domestick . Marcel . The Caprea used in meat helps the tormina , and dysentery , by drying . Diosc . the curd of the Dorke , is of the same vertue as that of a Hare . Gal. Drunk with Wine , and injected with the cremor of rice it helps the coeliack and dysentery . Sext. The powder of the liver drunk with Wine , and hot water , helps the pains of the eyes , as also the nyctalops ; the ashes applied stop bleeding . Drach. 1. of the gall mixed with drach. 4. of the meale of Lupines and Honey , applied , cleareth the face , though burnt by the Sunne , as also freckles : so with Honey , nitre , the ashes of a sponge , and quick brimstone , reduced unto the consistence of honey , and applied . Drach . 1. With a little Wine and Honey , helps the dimnesse of the eyes , cicatrices , white spots , the Nephelion , Glaucoma , and Pterygion , as also the ruptures of the tunicles , with Womans milk : and the older it is , the better , so Sext. with oile of roses or the juyce of leekes , dropped warme into the eares , it helps the ringings and sound thereof . With oile of roses it helps the toothach , & that of the jawes with honey ; and all vices thereof , with Myrrhe , Saffron , and Pepper p. aeq . being boiled in Wine till thick . It looseneth the belly used as a suppository , with the juyce of Sowbread , Anet and a little Alum , if there be no trouble by the hemorrhoids . With honey or the juyce of brambles , applied , it helps the exulceration of the privities . The spleen drunk cureth the tormina , Plin. and coeliack . Gal. The dung dryed and sifted , taken in the q. of a spoonful in sweet or odoriferous wine fasting , helps the jaundise , and feavers drunk in water . Schrod . In other parts it agreeth with the Goat ; but is more strong , and effectuall . Jonst . The bloud with the Sea palm taketh away hair , Marcel . and ripeneth abscesses . The gall is like a treacle against venemous bitings , also it smootheth the cheeks . Tops . They are somewhat like other bucks , and very swift , their belly hath black stroakes , their Body is of a yellowish colour , their feet are long ; but eares longer , their eyes are black and hornes comely . They swim as with oares , therefore love Rivers . The horns are only on the Males , and have 6. or 7. branches : the Femals have none . They live chiefely among the Rocks . They agree with Hares and Swine ; but feare woolfs . They are taken with nets .

S.
Scinck . Scincus . P. In Arabia , and about Nilus . M. Of Odoriferous flowers . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Crocodilus ter. Diosc . minor . Bel.

SCinck . Jonst . T. V. the flesh is used in great antidots against poyson , as the Diascincon . Rhas . The creature being worn by little Children , preventeth the feare in dreames . Drach. 1. drunk causeth venery . The flesh is used in India against the Elephantiasis , and maketh fat . Some use the heart with black wool against quartans . The gall with honey helps suffusions . The reines increase sperme . The bloud applied with borax helps the spots in the face . The fat helps the pain of the reines . The ashes of the skinne are cast upon parts to be cut , to hinder the sense of pain . Aegineta useth the taile in the ointment called entaticon . The fume of the intestines , helps those that are hysterical . Serapio maketh an antepileptick remedie of the dung . Plin. The same cleanseth spots in the eyes : C. The best is white . They lay egges , which breed . They may be seen at the apothecaties shops .

Sea-horse . Hippopotamos . P. In Egypt , and Gofala : in the Sea , and on Land . M. Of Corne , and Grasse . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Equus Niloticus , Bos , Porcus , Elephas mar .

Sea-horse . Jonst . T. they are eaten by the Aethiopians . V. Colemn . The tooth worne , or a ring thereof , helpeth the hemmorrhoids . Plin. And easeth the toothach . The fat helps against the rigor in agnes . The ashes of the skinne applied with water , dissolve spots . The skinne of the forehead applied to the groin hindereth venery . Diosc . The testicles dryed help against the bitings of Serpents . Their fat used defendeth from Crocodiles . The skinne defendeth from lightning . Plin. The skinne is so thick , that speares may be made thereof . As for their description their belly is plain , the legges 3. foot long , or more , and of the same compasse , the foot is a foot broad , the head 2. foot and a half broad , 3. foot long and 7. foot about , the widenesse of the mouth 1. foot , with little eyes , one inch broad , and 2. long , the eares 3. inches , the body fat , with claws like a Cow ; but quadrifide , taile like a Beare , and nose like a Lion .

Sheep . Ovis . P. Almost every where , in all Countries . M. Of Grasse , Hay , Leaves , and Grain . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Zon. Pecus .

Sheep . Gal. T. the flesh is of worse juyce than that of the Hare , or Lamb , and more excrementitious ; it is best in spring . Sym. Seth. Beefe compared therewith , is cold , and of melancholick juyce , it is best of a yeare old , afterwards it 's hardly concocted , and hurteth those that have a moist and pituitous stomach . It 's good for Women , that have ulcerated wombs , so Hippoc. Crescent . It 's too moist . Muff. The best mutton exceedeth not above 3. or 4. yeares in age , and that is taken from a short and dry feeding , and then may be sodden with buglosse , borrage and parsely roots . It is worse than the flesh of weathers , being too excrementitious , and soone corrupted , so that of Rams , being too hot and dry . Crescent . The milk yeelds wholesome nourishment , and is so much the better when newer , and more nourishing when thick ; also it 's better than the milk of Cows , so the cheese . The milk is thick , sweet and very fat ; yet not so fit for the stomack as the Goats : Diosc . Also the milk of an Asse , Cow , or Mare , doth more loosen the belly , than the Sheeps , this being more thick . Gal. The fattest milk is that of the Cow , the Sheeps and Goats is lesse fat . It is thicker than the Goats ; but the frequent use of it causeth the morphew . Of milks the Womans is most temperate ; then the Goats , Asses , Sheeps , and lastly the Cows , so Aeg. Var. Milk is the most nourishing of any food we use , that is liquid , especially the Sheeps , then the Goats . Plin. The Goats is most fit for the stomack , feeding more on Leaves than Herbs ; the Cows is more medicinal , the Sheeps sweeter and more nourishing , and lesse fit for the stomack , being fatter , and yeelding the fattest butter . Var. The Cheese is next to that of the Cow : Crescent . And is best when new , and better , than that of the Cow . V. Plin. The warme skins , help the wounds of stroaks , and such as are beaten , Gal. in a day and a nights space , it concocting and digesting the bloud under the skinne , so Rhas . and Albert. See Ram. Sylv. The skinne of the feet , and snowt of an Oxe or Sheep , being boiled by a gentle fire , till like curd , and dryed in the aire helpeth ruptures . Plin. The bloud drunk helps the falling sicknesse . The flesh burnt , with water helps the vices of the privities , so Plin. Cels . The broth with vomiting ; as also that of a Goose or Calf , helps venimous bitings . Anon. A cloath dipped in the tallow and applied , helps burnings . Plin. with nitre it helps the colours of cicatrices . Marcel . With salt it openeth panicles . Plin. When old , with the ashes of Womens haires it helps fellons . With cantharides , and the juyce of the berries of wild vine it helpeth ringworms or tetters . The fat cureth the roughnesse of the nailes . Marcel . Applied as a cerot with alum , it helps adustion by cold , and kibes , Gal. Applied with hot water it helps diverse vices of the eyes . Plin. With the ashes of a Womans haire it cureth luxate joynts . Marcel . Being boiled and drunk with austere Wine it helps the cough . Absyrtus used it for Horses also . Plin. It helps the dysentery and iliak passion , Marcel . or coeliack . Diosc . The fat helps the gout , so that of a Goat discussing much , applied with the dung and saffron . Marcel . The fat of the reines with the ashes of a pumice stone and salt , helps the paine and swellings of the privities , Plin. And other vices thereof . Plin. Marcel . That of the kell applied stoppeth bleedings at the nostrils . Diosc . The marrow is praised in the 5th . place , after the Harts , Calfes , Bulls , and Goats . The liver cureth the nyctalopie , the eyes being washed with the decoction , and the marrow being applied to the paines and tumours . Hippoc. The powder of the borne of a Sheep or Goat , being suffumigated , with tosted and shaled Barly with oile , bringeth forth the secundine and menses , Rhas . Albert. The brain applied , helps the watering of the eyes . Plin. It facilitats the breeding of the teeth ; but Galen addeth honey thereto , to make it more strong and effectual . The lungs help black and blew spots , so Marcel . being applied warme , and discusse the same . Plin. Being rosted and taken they prevent drunkennesse , and used hot to the head they cure the phrensy , and lethargy . Marcel . They help the dysentery , boiled with line-seed , the flesh being eaten , and the water drunk : and applied hot they cure the gout , or ease the same . Plin. The liver helps the nyctalops , and the decoction used : Marcel . So that of a white sheep boiled , bruised , and applied with water . Hippoc. Being rosted in warm ashes , and eaten 4. dayes , drinking old wine it helps the inflation of Women that are great , so that of a Goat . Diosc . The gall is not so good as that of a Bull. Gal. It is a little sharper than that of a Hogge , and helps old and purulent ulcers of the eares . Plin. With honey it purgeth the eares . Marcel . Being mixed to the consistence of a clyster with mulse , and injected into the eares , the ulcers being purged , it most certainly healeth the same ; and being dropped into the eares with Womans milk , it helps ruptures therein , Plin. And convulsions . Rhas . Albert. applied it cureth a canker or corrosion of the flesh . Being applied to the head with fullers earth till it be dry it helps scurfe , Marcel . or the itch . Plin. With honey it cureth the Epilepsie , especially that of the Lamb. Plin. The Magicians used the spleen against the pain of the spleen , so Plin. being tosted and stamped in Wine , and drunk it helps the iliack passion , as also the wringings of the guts . Plin. Marcel . The ashes of the thighs with wax help the breakings of the joynts . Plin. So of the jaws burnt , Harts-horne , and waxe , mollified with oile of roses . The decoction of the thighs drunk , with linesced , helps the dysentery . Gal. The ashes or dust of the huckle bone whiten the teeth , and help other vices of the same ; those of the bladder , or of that of a Goat drunk with oxycrate , by those that pisse in their sleep help the same . The secundine helps many evils in Women , See Goat . Plin. The milk of Sheep helps against all poyson , except that of aconite , and flie called wagge legge . With oatmeale , water , and honey , it helps long diseases and wastings . Drach. 1. of swallows dung being taken in 3. cupsful thereof , or of that of the goat before the fit , helps quartains . A gargarisme thereof helps the tonsils and jaws , Marcel . So that of a Goat or Cow when warme , and helps the paine and swellings . It is used against the phthisick : being boiled and drunk with bastard saffron , it looseneth the belly . With wake robin it cureth the exulceration of the intestines . Diosc . Being boiled , and having pebles quenched therein , it stops exulcerating fluxes of the belly , and the tenesmus , so Marcel . and boiled , taken alone , or with butter it helps the tormina and coeliack passion . It is in●…ed also against corrosions caused by medicines , so that of the Co●● , so Plin. Crescent . the whay thereof moveth the belly , and purgeth forth choller . Plin. The butter thereof with honey , with the ashes of a Dogges head , or Womb decocted in oile , helps the cl●fts of the skinne about the nailes , Marcel . So with elicampane ; and hard swellings also . Plin. With honey , and an owle boiled in oile , it cures ulcers . The old cheese thereof helps the dysentery : Marcel . And drunk in Wine it cures the coeliack . Med. Mys . The dung with vineger helps warts , fellons , and the Thymi : And burnings in ulcers with the rose-cerot , Diosc . and cornes , so Rhas . fere , and Albert Marcel . and Plin. as also all sorts of warts , and carbuncles newly arising . Gal. Applied with oile as a cataplasme it cures green wounds made by a sword , or wood . Plin. Applied with vineger it helps the bitings of the field Spider , and of Serpents boiled in Wine . Veget. With vineger it cures the falling off of a Horses hoof . The ashes thereof with Nitre , or those of the bones of Lambs thighs , help cankers , especially in those ulcers that will not be cicatrized . Plin. The dung being heated and moulded together helps tumours in wounds , cleanseth fistula's , and cureth night wheales . The ashes with Cyprus oile and Honey help the Alopecia , Rhas . Albert. A plaister thereof with Goose , or Hens grease helps abscesses about the roots of the eares . Anon. Applied warme it cureth the swelling of the dugges in Women . Drach. 1. drunk with the decoction of woodbind , or with oxymel cureth the jaundise . Marcel . With Wine or Water it helps the paine of the Colon. Rhas . The ashes applied help the increasing of the spleen . Marcel . Lib. 1. of marsh mallows with p. 2. hereof , and as much axunge , stamped , and applied to the reines with new shorn wool plaister wise , helps the stone . Plin. The soft dung easeth the gout . The dung also helps the diseases of Women . Albert. The urine of a red or black Sheep with honey helps the Dropsy : Rhas . So being drunk also . Plin. The q. of a penny weight of the sordes of the eares or duggs , with a little Myrrhe and 2. cupsfull of Wine helpeth the jaundise ; as also fellons . Sylvat . Serap . The sweat with vineger cureth the Epilepsy : New shorn wool especially that of the neck of a black Sheep , is good against wounds in the beginning , stroaks , desquammations , bruises , and broaken bones , being soaked in vineger , oile or wine , and is used in embrocations , and by reason of grease and excrements therein called Oesypus , it softeneth , and is v●●y effectuall with vineger and oile of roses against paines ; of ●e head , stomack , and other parts , so Diosc . Plin. and inflations of the stomack ; also it defendeth from cold , and is used with oile , wine or vineger , according to the intention , either , to asswage , bite , or bind ; or to help the paines of the nerves or luxations , for which purpose some adde salt , or rue and fat , so Plin. as also for contusions and swellings . With cold water it helps the pilling of the skin about the nails . Marcel . With hot oile it helpeth humid parts , and old ulcers with honey ; and wounds with wine , vineger , cold water or oile : Plin. The fume thereof helps the phrenetick . Applied it helps bloudshotten eyes , the blood of a Pigeon being first put therein . With the white of an egge and the powder of frankincense it helps epiphora's . Gal. Being wanned in vineger , the moisture crushed out and put into the eare after it , it helps the paines thereof Marcel . Being put into the nostrils with oile of roses and the eare stopped there with , it stops bleedings . Plin. Being rubbed on the teeth with honey it sweetneth the breath , Marcel . And maketh them white . Gal. Being torrified in a linnen cloth , and mixed with a third part of salt it preserveth from the toothach being used as a dentifrice . Plin. Being dipped into Tarre , Nitre , Sulphur , Oile and Vineger , and applied twice a day very hot it helps the pains of the Ioines . That of a black Sheep applied to the testicles helps the swelling thereof . Plin. Applied with Bulls gall it causeth purgation in Women : some adde Hyssopp and Nitre . Applied it bringeth forth the dead birth and stops the courses in Women . Also it helps the Hemorrhoids . Seren. The same with live brimstone helps the yellows . Plin. With the root of marsh mallows , it helps the Kings evil and suppurations . That dyed of the purple colour put into the eares , helpeth the same ; some adde Nitre and Vineger . The ashes cause crusts , remove excrescencies of the flesh , and cicatrize ulcers Diosc . It 's to be washed for the eyes , until it bindeth the tongue and biteth not . The ashes are hot and sharp , with tenuity of parts , therefore they presently eliquate the soft and moist flesh of ulcers , and are put into drying medicines : It is used in gallings , wounds , burnings , fistula's , and suppurations of the eares , and to cleanse the face . Marcel . And with vineger to help the paines of the head . Gal. Those of the hinder part of the wool drunk in Wine help the difficulty of breathing . Plin. They cure the vices of the privities , and the passions of Sheep , so Aggreg . The aesypus , quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or sordes and filth sticking in the wool , arising from sweat ( and therefore the wool is called succida , quasi sudoris sordibus , & succo imbuta , ) is of a concocting faculty , like butter , and a little digesting , so Gal. Marcel . It helpeth bare eyebrows . Note it is drawn out of the wool by hot water , and so taken off the top , and clarified . Aet . It hath a little acrimonie , and mollifieth , and is of the smell of wool , and like ceruse when rubbed , so Diosc . It 's used against inflammations , and callus of the cheeks , and inflammation of the Hypochondria : It heateth , and filleth ulcers : With the ashes of Barley , and verdegrease p. aeq . it helps wounds ; also it helps cankers , and creeping ulcers , and wasts the brimmes , and equalizeth the excrescencies , filleth , and cicatrizeth the same . Plin. With tuttie and oile of roses it helps the holy fire : And with a little Myrrhe mixed in two cupsful of Wine , or with Goose grease and myrtle Wine it provoketh sleep . With Corsick honey it extenuats spots in the face , and helps the roughnesse of the skinne with oile of roses . Some adde butter also , and the gall of a Dogge . Marcel . Applied to the head it cureth the Phthiriasis , or lowsy evil . With Wine and a little Myrrhe it helps the Epilepsie . It helps the corrosions of the corners of the eyes , scabbed cheeks , and fallings off of the haire of the eye liddes : so the sout thereof , so Aet . Marcel . With Myrrhe it causeth haire to grow upon the eye-brows . Plin. With honey it helpeth contusions of the eyes , being first anointed with the fat of a Goose , and bloud of a Duck. With Goose grease it helpeth the ulcers of the eyes , mouth , and genitals . Aetius mixeth it with the cerot against the phthisick and against the pleuresie in epithems . Diosc . It bringeth forth the menses and birth . Plin. With melilot and butter it cureth the inflammations of the womb , and swellings and clefts of the fundament ; some adde tuttie and oile of roses also . With honey and the squams of lead it helps carbuncles in the privities and other wounds therein . With ceruse and Womans milk it easeth the gout , Marcel . So with Wax ; some adde axunge , Goose grease , and bulls tallow . Plin. The filth of the taile , that is hardened into pills , being powdered and applied , helps the teeth , fastens them , and helps cankers of the gums , aesypus drunk with Wine and a little myrrhe , helpeth , the Dropsy , some adde Goose grease , and the oile of myrtles ; so the sordes of the Dugges . Myrepsus maketh a cerot thereof against the gout , phlegmons , and hardnesse . Aetius , Aegineta , and Dioscorides , shew the way of the preparation thereof . Schrod . The gall applied with wool to the navil looseneth Childrens Bodies , and dropped into the eare with Womans milk , it helps the purulencie thereof . Vnc. 5. of the urine cure the Dropsy . N ° . 9. of their lice taken help the running paines of the joynts . As for the former its affirmed by Jonston and Aldrovandus , &c. As for the description it 's needlesse , they love the Goat , and hate the Woolf , Beare ; Tiger , Elephant , Crow , Eagle , Serpents , Bees : and Rocket . They are hurt by aconite , hereon , prick-wood , savin , knotgrasse , money-wort , sheere-grasse , pimpernel , bitter vetch , acorns , and scortching fennel . They will live about 10. yeares , their noise is called bleating , they are very simple even to a proverb , yet the Rams are very fierce ; but they may be made to leave off their butting , by hanging a board with little pricks in it , over their fore heads . They love cold springs , and bite up the very roots of the grasse : they have milk half a year . They know their Lambs by smelling on their hinder parts .

Shrew . Mus Araneus . P. In England , Italy , Germany , and other places . M. Of the roots of herbs , thistles , and flesh . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Hanaka . Hisp . Musganho .

Shrew . Gesn . T. they are venimous , insomuch that Cats will not eate them . V. Marcel . The ashes with Goose grease cure the swellings of the fundament , some use them against fellons , and swellings behinde the eares . Plin. The ashes of the taile help those that are bitten by a mad Dog . Applied it cureth its own bitings . The signe of their bitings are inflammation , pricking paine , rednesse , a black pustule , and livid colour of the next parts ; and after it turneth to an eating ulcer : It is cured by oxycrat , cupping glasses , and scarification ; if not ulcerated , use mallows , mustard , and pellitory ; else use the decoction of the bark of a sweet pomegranat , and apply the same . Also use worm-wood , vineger , garlick , hot water , colewort , album graecum , cuminseed , barley meale , leeks , and vervain drinking the decoction of southern wood , also lambs curd , myrrhe and storax .

Sivet Cat. Catus zibethi . P. In Africa , Aethiopia and India . M. Of Sugar and other things . N. Zibethi feles . Catus Zibethicus . Civetta .

Sivet , or Civet Cat. Jonst . T. V. gr. 1. Applied to the navill helps the collick ; applying hot bread threon . It 's commended by Crollius in an ointment against the vertigo and apoplexie , being used to the extremities of the nostrils , temples , and crown of the head . In the suffocation of the womb it 's used downwards . It may be adulterated with the gall of a Bull , liquid storax , and honey . It s used also in powders , sopes , waters , oiles , essences , and suffumigations , as may be seen in Ambrosinus . Schrod . Civet is hot moist and anodyne . It 's applied to the navils of Children , in the paine of the belly . Jonst . Cardanus Counts it dry , Renod. and Amat . Lus . It 's neere to Musk , sc. hot and dry 20. and helps the phlegmons of the Dugges , Buboes , and hard impostumes . Applied to the glans it causeth great delectation in Women . And it prevents sterility , so the fume . Put into the eare it cures the pain . The smel cures the epilepsy , & cold soda ; it inebriats in wine , helps the heart , warms the matrice , and causeth the courses . They yeeld it as the Musk Cat.

Sow . Sus. P. Almost every where ; but hated in Scotland . M. Of Grasse , Fruits , Roots , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Ital. Porco . Scrofa .

Sow , or Hogge . Gesn . T. the flesh is the best of all fleshes , and is best when not too fat ; Pork is worse , but the other is of easie concoction , and generats good bloud . sc. that of a midle age ; but the old and young is very bad , it being the moistest flesh , and phlegmatick : the other yeeldeth great nourishment , and neere to the temper of man , and is better than that of Goats or Calves ; yet it 's glutinous and causeth obstructions . When young it 's mucous and too humid ; yet the parts of motion are best : The rest is soon putrified , especially in stomacks filled with bad humours , causing viscous phlegme , and thence the Gout , Iliack passion , stone of the reines and palsey , &c. the old is cold and hard , causing melancholy and long feavers . Muff. The flesh of a sucking Pigge , is moist 3° . and causeth crudities , agues , apoplexies , weakenesse of memory , and corrupt humours , and is hardly digested by weake stomaks , not the coat by the strong ; it is best dressed being stuffed with salt and sage . Pork however prepared is thought by some to have quid flatuosum , cacochymicum & febrile ; when powdered it's best to be eaten with green sauce , to coole the salt , and qualifie the malignity of the flesh . The bacon is of harder digestion , therefore both , as also brawn , are not to be eaten without wine or strong bear spiced with ginger , and exercise after them . The har●net is stopping and of bad nourishment ; yet the liver of Pigges is counted nourishing , but their Lungs are very phlegmatick and waterish . V. Aet . Young Pigges applied warme help venimous bitings , drawing forth the poyson and easing the paine . Pelagon . The bloud given warme helpeth pneumonick Horses , see Boare . Aet . The decocted old salt flesh stamped with old sharp cheese helpeth the hardnesse of the joynts . Scrab . The wounds of Elephants are helped by butter , drawing out Iron ; fomenting the ulcers with Swines flesh . The ashes of the salted flesh is drying . The bloud of Swine is moist , and lesse hot very like to mans temper . Eumel . The bloud being given hot to Horses with wine helps the coolenesse thereof . Some use the distilled liquour thereof with juniper berries , agrimony , rue , phu , scabious , fluellin , burnet , succory , pennyroyal , and treacle , against the plague , apostumes of the sides or ribes , diseases of the liver or spleen , inflation of the spleen , corruption of the bloud , feaver , swellings , trembling of the heart , dropsy , heat besides nature , ill humours , and chiefely poysons and pestilent feavers , drinking 4. or 5. drops thereof . The warm bloud kills warts . Plin. With the braine it helps the carbuncles of the privities . That of a Sow applied to the teats helpeth the growing of the same , Gal. or that of a Hogge . The fat is lesse hot than that of the Goat , and lesse moist , as also than that of other beasts , being lesse hot and dry , and nere to the nature of man : that of Bulls is much more hot and dry . Plin. Axunge is used to mollifie , heat , discusse , and purge ; and is more strong when salted , Diosc . And helpeth the pleuresie being washed in Wine : With ashes or lime it cureth inflammations , fistula's and tumours . Aeg. It 's of the nature of that of Foxes ; yet that is more hot and lesse moist . Plin. With the ashes of Vines it helps against tumours , the bites of Scorpions , and Dogs with oile ; or with castoreum and hore-hound . Diosc . So with the froth of Nitre . With quicksilver it helpeth the french pocks . Seren. It helps the stiffenesse of the neck , the hammes being anointed therewith . Myreps . With quicksilver it cureth the scab and itch . With quicksilver oile of bayes and the juyce of fumitory used to the palmes of the hands and soles of the feet thrice in a day it expels the matter of the french disease by the urine . Marcel . Applied it expelleth things that stick in the Body . Gal. With the roots of buglosse stamped it 's used in wounds . Seren. With Earthwormes and Frogges it helps the wounds of the nerves . Plin. The lard joyneth together broken bones . Spread upon bread with lime ; it helps fellons , hardnesse of the Dugges , ruptures , convulsions , spasmes , and luxations : also cornes , clefts , and the vices of callus with white hellebore : also it helpeth the inflammations of ulcers , and creeping thereof with rosin . With ceruse , or the spume of silver it helps the colours of cicatrices : and with brimstone , the roughnesse of the nailes . When salted , with accorns it helpes hardnesses , that are called cocoëth . With the milk of figge leaves it cureth warts . With that of a Bull , rue , and nightshade , it helps the Morphew , and Kings evil ; so with feather fewe or wild burre or dock . Diosc . It helpeth burnings . Avic . And abscesses . Plin. And kibes with barley ashes and galls . With tosted barley and the white of an egge it cureth ulcers caused by burnings . It helpeth gallings , lassitude or wearinesse . With the ashes of Womens haires it cureth St. Anthonie his fire , stoppeth bleeding , and helpeth ringworms . The gall helpeth kibes , so the Boares the lungs being applied with the fat . Columel . With salt , vineger and oile , tarre and the bark of the pine tree , it helpeth the broaken hornes of cattle : Also it helps the hoofe or pastern with pitch , Sulphur and new shorne woole being burned in , when wounded with Iron . With Tarre it defendeth the eares of Doggs from flies , and tikes . Being warmed with verdigrease it helps the scabs in Goats or Sheep . With brimstone powdered it helps the scabbe in Horses legges in the Winter ; Also it cureth bruises , and suppurations . Plin. With the ashes of beane coddes it helpeth the paine of the hippes and old griefes of the nerves : Also some use it with Goose grease and Bulls tallow with oesipus against the Gout ; and if the griefe remaineth , with Wax , myrtles rosin and pitch : Others use it with old oile , together with the stone called Sarcophagus , and cinquefoile bruised with Wine or with chalk and ashes . Some use it with Litharge , others with Water and cumin-seed , so Sym. Seth. Plin. It helps the falling off of the haire , and ulcers in the heads of Women , with a third part of galls , so Aeg. Plin. And with the roses of the bramble bush . With the ashes of Adders tongue , it worketh the same effect . so with those of the Sea Horse being mixed with Nitre , or else with Vineger . Marcel . Applied to the corners of the eyes , it killeth Wormes therein . Being put into purulent eares with a fine cloath , sometimes fomenting the same with warme water , it quickly healeth the same : So with oile , and helpeth the paines of the nerves . The same cureth swellings behinde the eares . Plin. Some use it with Iron wort . Anon. Being used warme with Wine in a gargarisme it helps swellings in the neck . Diosc . Washed with wine it helpeth the pleurisie . Plin. With wild rue it helps ruptures : that which is taken off axletrees helpeth the vices of the fundament . With broome stamped it cureth the paine of the knees . Diosc . It cureth the vices of the womb , and applied strengthneth the birth . Applied with vervin it helps the suffocation of the womb , and retention of the termes . Hippoc. It cureth the paine and ulcers of the matrice , with rosin , being applied with a sponge or soft cloath ; also honey may be added if there be exulceration . Diosc . Drunk with salt Wine it helpeth against henbane , Plin. And the wagge-legge , as also against quicksilver . Plin. The lard helpeth phthisicks , Marcel . So with wine ; some adde a little honey , taking after some tarre in an egge . Plin. With the yolks of egges , honey and wine it helps the coeliack : Hipp. with butter and honey it helps the cough in Horses . Columel . mixed with Hyssop and given to calves it helpeth their Wormes . The skinne of lard rubbed on the tongue helps the disease called die brüne , qualifying the heate , so Anon. Plin. the marrow applied helpeth bleare eyes , and causeth venery . The ashes of the bristles with the fat help burnings : Seren. The same stop bleeding in wounds ; Aet . And applied help the falling downe of the fundament . Plin. The ashes of the jaws help broaken bones : Marcel . And troublesome ulcers of the legges : So of a Boar. Plin. The braine drunk in wine is commended against Serpents , and carbuncles applied after rosting , so those of the privities , as also the bloud . Gal. The perforated bone of the care woorn about the neck preventeth the cough . Plin. The lungs rosted and taken fasting hinder ebriety . Diosc . Applied it helps gallings by the shooe , and prevents inflammation , so Gal. Sym. Seth. and Hal. Plin. It helps cornes , chaps and the vices of callus , and kibes with the fat ; so the gall . Sym. Seth. The liver taken with wine , helpeth the bitings of venimous Beasts . Plin. And against Serpents , being drunk with rue in wine . The ashes cure creeping ulcers of the privities . Being eaten it stops the belly ( See Boare : ) Marcel . So the ashes taken in wine . Diosc . The gall is lesse strong than the Bulls gall , Gal. And is the moistest of all . Aeg. It 's substitute is that of the Partridg . Hal. It helps poysonsome bitings , and looseneth evil humours . Plin. Applied with a linnen cloath it helps the gallings of the joynts . Marcel . With the juyce of Sowbread and a little brimstone , it helps dandraffe : Aetius maketh a Pfilothron thereof with other things . Plin. It discusseth apostumes in any part . Gal. Applied dry it helpeth the aegilops . Diosc . It 's very good against the ulcers of the eares , and others ; that of a Sheep is sharper , and that of a Goat more sharp , to which that of the Beare and Cow is almost like , so Gal. Plin. some adde the oile of Palma Christi and roses an . Marcel . As also honey , & vineger , & nitre , being boiled : or warme it in the rind of a pome granat : Gal. Or melt it with a like quantity of honey , so Alex. Ben. Plin. being drunk it easeth the spleen . Sym. Seth. When dry it helps the piles . Applied with yolks of eggs it helps fissores in the feet of Horses . Plin. Applied it cureth kibes . Plin. The bladder applied to that part , provoketh urine , Marcel . And being eaten or drunk it causeth a retention of the same . See Boar. Lib. Germ. The same with the urine and fatt , helps running ulcers of the head . Plin. The milke with the testicles of a Boar , drunk helpeth the falling sicknesse . Montag . The same mixed with honey causeth coiture in men , and conception in Women . Plin. The loines bruised and applied help the dry lippitude . Gal. The powder of the legg helps the cough , and spitting of bloud . Aet . The broth thereof helpeth the gout . Aegineta maketh a plaister there of called diapternes against hard swellings . Plin. The buckle bones are used in dentifrices ; the ashes are given to kill wormes in cattle , & strengthen the teeth , being dry , binding , and defending from humours and swellings ; the decoction is used to provoke urine : Diosc . The powder of the huckle bone , being drunk helpeth the inflations of the Colon , and old wringings of the bowels , so Gal. and Aet . Sym. Seth and helps the headach . Plin. The same helps cornes , clefts , and the vices of callus . Plin. The ashes of the bones in the claws are used in dentifrices , Marcel . Avic . And fasten the same , some adde spicknard thereto . Plin. Being drunk it helpeth the incontinency of urine , Marcel . And the dysentery drunk in wine . Plin. The milk of a Sow drunk with mulse causeth birth in Women , and drunk alone it filleth their breasts with milk . Plin. It 's good against the tenesmus , dysentery and phthisick . The magicians used it with the ashes of the foot of a Chameleon against the gout being applied . Aet . The dung of a Sow boiled in vineger helps poysonsome bitings , it may be used in steed of that of a Hyena . Anatol. It helps the stingings of Scorpions or other reptiles . Veget. Some adde honey & wine , and give it to cattle against venimous bitings . Marcel . The powder applied mith honey helps blew marks . Plin. When fresh it helps luxations , Diosc . so with the rose cerot . Plin. It helps wounds by iron . When old it helps burnings . It cureth the itch , wheales and scabs . Being stamped with oile it helpeth all hardnesses of the body . Marcel . With wine and the juyce of roses it killeth nits and Lice . Plin. Given in wine it stops bleeding in cattle . Applied warme with a toad stoole it helps the bleeding of wounds . So Rus . Hippiat . Hier. With honey it helps the quinsey in horses . Marcel . Being worne about the neck in a scarlet cloth it helps the cough . Nic. Myreps . Stamped with water and applied , it helps the breasts of Women , that are inflated after child birth . Plin. The ashes help creeping ulcers of the privities . Applied with oile it helps the inflation of the womb . When dry it cureth ulcers in the leggs . The powder of Swines dung drunk in vineger is good against ruptures , and wounds . Plin. With cumin seed boiled in the water of rue it helps the colon : and the dysentery and coeliack passion with wine . Plin. The urine applied with wool helps any impostumes . Hal. It helps the whitenesse of the eyes and breaketh the stone , so Avic . Marcel . applied with new shorne wool it helps the paine of the groine . As for the description it is needlesse . Tops . Their choice is by their face , race , and region , they are to be thick , round and well sett , their buttocks fleshy , belly large , snout short and turning upwa●ds ; but the large fided sow is best : in cold countries , the haire should be rough and thick ; they are hot and fatt so loose not their haire in winter . They delight in woods where there are fruitful trees , they feed best after fasting , then having variety in a dark flye . A Boar will serve three years , and a Sow seven .

Sciurus . Sqirrell . P. Almost every where , in England , &c. M. Of apples , chesnuts , and walnuts , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Nitela . Pirolus .

Squirrel . Albert. T. The flesh is sweet and good . Stumpf. The black is the best . It may be compared to the flesh of Goats , or Coneyes , being tender and sweet . V. Jonst . Some counted them dainties . The fatt mollifieth , and is much commended by Galen against the paine of the eares . Prestigiators use the teeth in the prediction of things to follow . As for their description , They are a kind of Mice , and their lower teeth are long . They generate in the spring , and have their nests in trees . They bring forth three or foure young ones , which wander abroad after three or foure dayes . They use their fore-feet like hands , when they goe they draw their taile after them , and cast it over their backs when sitting , the same serveth them as a wing in leaping . They obscure themselves with it in trees , and use it as a saile in the water , swimming upon a bark . They differ by colour and place .

T.
Tiger . Tigris . P. In the East Indies , Java , and Bengala . M. Of all kinds of animals , chiefely Goats . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Ital. Tigre & Tigra . Gall. une Tigre .

TIger . Philost . T. The buttocks were used in meat by the Indians , as also those of the Lion and the Boare : some say also that the flesh is as sweet as beife ; so Gesner . and Jonston . As for the description they are greater than a gray hound , their eyes are shining , nailes crooked , teeth sharp , feet multifide or with many toes , & they generate aversly . Linschot . They spare faire men , & hate Elephants , & the sound of drums . They are extraordinary swift , when they have lost their young , they follow the swiftest Horse , and therefore hunters cast down one of the young ; which the femal carrieth first back to the denne and so returneth , even to the shore as is affirmed by the Antients , they so loving their off-spring . They may be tamed by the juyce of mandrake or opium . They differ according to quantity , fiercenesse and species .

Toad . Bufo . P. It 's an amphibion , chiefely in dark places . M. Of earthly moisture , herbs , worms , and bees , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Tsabh . Rana ter. venenata .

Toad . Schrod . T. V. The powder used inwardly draweth out hydropick water by urine , Petr. in Nosol . and Wier . The D. is drach. 1. it 's used outwardly also against carbuncles , being a little steeped in vineger , to draw out poyson , and it swelleth after it ; It 's used also in amulets against contagious aire , & to stop the hemorrhage of the nostrils , being applied behind the eares , or held in the hand till hot , put under the arme pits , or hung about the neck ; so being cast upon the place affected . Being applied to the reines it bringeth out hydropick water by the urine : if for the womb , it is to be applied to the navil , and so hindereth hysterick fluxes , and reduceth the same . Being applied to the soles of the feet it helps the diseases of the head , and heart , phrensy and feavers . As for the stone see my Pammineralogie , amongst stones . The salt of Toads is of the nature of the powder , the D. is gr. 3. &c. The oile is much commended against spots in the face , the morphew , and other affections , and to cleanse old ulcers ( as some say by signature ) being applied once in a day , so Hartm . in Pract. Kief . The compounded oile is very good to digest tumours , and help the dropsy . Marcel . Toads boiled with Beares grease help the gout , and kings evil . Jonst . Being boiled and applied plaister-wise they help the quinsey ; their fatt being rosted , stuffed with laurel , Hens dung , salt , and the ointment of marsh-mallows , helps fistula's : The powder also being applied . The ashes help the flux of the hemorrhoids ; it 's woorn dry about the neck as an amulet . Crollius useth the powder against all venimous bitings . The ashes given to Falcons keepe their feathers from worms . The bone of the left side is used by some to provoke venery . As for their description it 's needlesse . They are engendred of eggs , and a putrid matter , mans flesh , and menstruous bloud , &c. They hate salt , and stinks , the Cat , Mole , and Spider . They walk in the night . The antidote is mithridate , and triacle , &c.

Tortise . Testudo . P. In the deserts of Africa . Lybia , and Mauritania . M. Of a roscid liquour , herbs , worms , snailes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Homet . Chersina .

Tortise . T. Jonst . Scapp . Ambrosin . The flesh is often eaten in the Indies , with saffron , & aromatick powders . V. Plin. The flesh is used in suffumigations in physick , and against poyson . In Africa , the head and feet being cut off , they are used as an antidote , and being boiled and eaten discusse botches and help the spleen and epilepsy . The bloud cleareth the eyes , and helps against the poyson of Spiders and Froggs , &c. the pills thereof being taken in wine . The gall with attick honey helps the glaucoma , and wounds of Scorpions . The ashes of the shell with wine and oile help the clefts of the feet and ulcers . The scales drunk restraine lust . The urine helps the bitings of Asps . The eggs help botches and ulcers , and the paine of the stomach being drunk . Gal. The liver is used in a pessary against the strangling of the womb .

V.
Unicorne . Vnicornu . P. In the East Indies , and West Indies , and other places . M. Their meat is not observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Reem . Arab. Alchercheden .

UNicorne . Gesn . T. The flesh is bitter and unfit to be eaten , like that of the Indian Asse . V. The horne being powdered and drunk in water expelleth poyson , with amber , ivory , leafe gold and coral , &c. It 's much commended against pestilent feavers , Mundel . and the bitings of mad Doggs , and other poysonsome beasts , as also against wormes , and many great sicknesses , and the epilepsy . Schrod . The horne is sudorifick , alexipharmick and cardiack , and is therefore good against contagious diseases , &c. the D. is from gr. 4. to scrup . sem . and more . Bac. It 's woorne also as an amulet . As for their description , in body , they are not much unlike a horse ; but cloven hoofed , and have a long horne in their foreheads . Tops . They are of a dusty colour , with a maned neck , hairy forehead , and a white and smooth horne , serving to expel and dissolve all poyson , if put into the water after the drinking of any poysonsome beast . It sweateth if venim be nigh . It weigheth thirteen pound . They fight with their mouth and feet . They hate the female , except at the time of lust ; but love stranger beasts , and maids , and are taken by them dressed with sweet herbs .

W.
Weasel . Mustela . P. Almost every where , In England and other places . M. Of Mice , Moles , Serpents , Hares , eggs . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Choled . Chald. Chulda . Arab. Caldah .

WEasel . T. V. Vrsin . The flesh cureth feavers . Aetius maketh an acopon thereof against the gout and paine of the joynts ; so the ashes , and with wine help the epilepsy and headach . Albert. It 's good against the stingings of Scorpions . Marcel . The bloud helps exulcerated botches . Gal. It 's of the nature of the Hedghog . Avic . And drunk in wine helps against poysons , drach. 2. being taken in wine , so Diosc . And Gal. Albert. Some adde rue also . Gal. It helps the epilepsy . Plin. Sext. Aesculap . The bloud and ashes help the elephantiasis , Marcel . some adde the bloud of an Elephant . Plin. The ashes helpe botches with those of swallowes . Plin. They help suffusions in the eyes , and catarrhes with honey , so Marcel . Plin. Marcel . with wax it helps the paines of the shoulders . Diosc . The ashes with vineger help the gout . Plin. Marcel . So with the oile of roses , amylum or gum dragant . Plin. The old brain drunk helps the epilepsy . Rhas . So with vineger . Rhas . The bloud applied helps impostumes behind the eares , so Archig . Sext. And evils of the throat , so Isid. It mollifieth contracted nerves , and helps the paine of the joynts . Gal. The liver helps the epilepsy drunk in water . Sext. With the gall of a Hare , castorcum , myrrhe , vineger and honey it helps the vertigo . The gall is good against aspes . Rhas . Taken inwardly it kills . Plin. The testicles and womb help against the epilepsy , and the lethargy smelled to . The ashes of the dung may be used in stead of spodium . Stumpf. Their biting is venimous , but it may be cured by onions and garlick , being applied and eaten : Figs also are good with the meale of bitter vetches , and triacle applied ; also figg leaves . Camerar . Their bitings in cattle may be cured by oile in which it hath been steeped , giving treacle inwardly . Jonst . The decoction sprinkled on seed corne , keepeth Mice from it . The lungs help diseases of the lungs . Matth. The gall with the juyce of sennel , cleareth the eyes and skinn . The genital helps the strangury . As for the description it 's needlesse . They hate the Crow , Hen , and Cat. When they fight with Serpents they use rue .

Weather . Vervex . P. Almost every where , in England , and other countries . M. Of grasse , hay , and shrubs , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Aries castratus . Sectarius .

Weather . Avic . T. Of mutton , that of the weather is the best , especially when about a yeare old . Cresc . And is worse after . See Ram. Platin. It is better than Lamb , being hot and moist , and tending to temperatenesse . See Sheep . V. Leonel . Fav . A bath made of the head with the feet , intestines and barly boiled in water , helpeth spasmes ; all fatt and moistning things being good for the same purpose . Tops . They are loved by the Lambs ; and being unapt to generation , therefore they keepe company with them ; but the Ewes forsake them for that reason , and the Rams cannot endure them . The time for castration is in the wane or decrease of the Moon , at five months old , so that they may not be troubled with heat or cold : they may be libbed also at two or three yeares of age , and then their hornes grow not ; but their flesh , and lard or sewet , is more acceptable than of any other Sheep , except very old , being neither so moist as Lambs , nor so rank as a Rams or Ewes : And is hot and moist .

Woolfe . Lupus . P. In the north countries , Scotland and Muscovia . M. Of flesh , chiefely mutton , and mans flesh . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Zeeb . Arab. Dib . Chald. Deeba .

Woolfe . Gesn . T. The flesh as also that of all wild beasts , that feed on flesh , and are rapacious , is nor used in meat , except by Pagans : It is cold , foetid , dry , and grosse . So Rhas . and Albert. Colder than that of a Dog . Avic . Bell. Some commend the flesh , as good for a cold , moist , and weake stomach , and the hemorrhoids . The flesh of all rapacious creatures causeth black choller : the worst is that of Woolfes and Doggs , corrupting both the humours and mind ; so Rhas . Albert. Rhas . With a little pepper and despumated honey it helps the collick . V. Plin. The decoction helps the gout . Hal. The skinne worne by him that is bitten by a mad Dog , prevents hydrophoby . Rhas . Albert. The skinne worne about the belly of one troubled with the collick , helpeth it . Gal. Shooes made of it help the paine of the feet . Albert. The bloud with oile helps deasenesse . Anon. It helps the collick , so the dung . Sext. Being powdered and eaten it prevents phantasmes , so Aesculap . the flesh eaten provoketh the birth . Sext. Aesculap . The fatt of a Woolfe is as strong as that of a Dog . Some use it in ointments with other articular remedies . Plin. Applied it mollifieth the womb , and helpeth bleare eyes . The ashes of the head fasten the teeth . Magicians use the right eye salted against intermitting feavers , so Sext. also the eye applied extenuats the glaucoma and stigma's . Pithag . The dogge - teeth of a Woolfe help the Lunatick . Blond . The tooth extenuats the gums of children , and so facilitats the breeding of the teeth . Agric. Drink taken through the rough artery of a Woolfe helps the quinsey . Rhas . Albert. The lungs of a Woolfe dryed and powdered with pepper , drunk in Cows milk help shortnesse of breath . Albert. The heart dryed is said to become very sweet in smell , and helps the epilepsy ; so Script . de Nat. Rer. the liver helps those that are hepatick . It 's used in the hepatick antidote therefore , by Nich. Myrepsus . Avicen Useth it in medicines against the hardnesse of the liver . Plin. Taken in warme wine it helps the cough , Marcellus addeth honey and warme water . Plin. In wine it helps the phthisick . Marcel . Being boiled in water , dryed and powdered it helps the paine and inflation of the stomach . Platin. It helps the dropsy , Sylv. so being drunk in white wine . Plin. Drunk or eaten it helps the paine of the womb . Sext. Aesculap . The gall hath the same operations , as that of a dogg . Albert. Being used in the nose with musk it helps the epilepsy . Plin. Being tied to the navil with elaterium it looseneth the belly . With wine it helps the swellings in the fundament . Rhas . Albert. The genital dryed causeth the desire of venery . Rhas . Albert. The right testicle with oile , applied to the womb with wool , prevents it , though in Bauds . Solin . The excrements help the suffusions of the eyes ; so with attick honey , being burned . Marcel . or with common honey : the ashes of the head fasten loose teeth Gal. The dung drunk helps the collick ; sc. the white drunk in white wine , so Aet . and Avic . Albert. Rhas . Marcel . Plin. and Haly. Blond . So the great intestine . Albert. Bertrut . The biting is like that of a Dogg , and so cured . Schrod . The heart helps the epilepsy : the liver helps those that are leane . The fatt is hot , digesting , antiarthritick , and ophthalmick . The bones help stripes and punctures . The intestines and dung help the collick , drach. 1. being taken , or applied ; so the skinne , used . The oile helps the gout . Hartm . in Pract. The essence of the bloud dissolveth coagulated bloud . As for the description , they are bold , rapacious , voracious , & not much unlike a Dogg . Their eyes are shining , teeth sharp & unequal , the neck is short , the braine increaseth and decreaseth with the Moon , the liver is like a Horses hoofe , the genital is bony , the fore feet have five toes , the hinder foure , & the reines are like those of other creatures . They generate like doggs for twelve dayes , they goe two months , & then bring forth a blind off-spring like bitches , n° . eight or nine . They have an antiphathy to Man ; Their diseases are madnesse , the gout , and quinsey . They feed on herbs , having weake bowels , they observe their enemies , and love their young . Comming into a sheepfold they kill all before they eat any .

Beasts lesse used in meat or medicine .

Carygneja . Jonst . T. V. The taile is used in physick . drach. 1. being drunk several times in water , fasting , cleanseth the ureters , expelleth the stone , causeth venery , engendreth milk , helps the collick , easeth breeding Women , and expels the faetus , and being chewed and applied , it draweth out thornes in the flesh .

Tajibi . Jonst . T. The flesh smelleth very strong , yet by some it 's eaten ; so Marcgrav . Hist. Brasil .

Tamandua . 1. Maregrav . T. The flesh smelleth like that of the Fox , but is not eaten .

Upalim . Ambrosin . T. The flesh is eaten by some after it hath been well beaten , to make it tender .

Tlacaxolotl . Jonst . T. The flesh is edible .

Cabim . Jonst . T. V. It yeelds a little bone which stops bleeding .

Danta . Jonst . T. The flesh especially of the feet , being well concocted , is very sweet to the taster , and yeelds good aliment .

Cajotl . Jonst . Or Indian Fox , so called . T. V. Some say that the genital helps the toothach , the teeth being cleansed with the same .

Izquiepoel , or an other kind thereof . T. V. Yeeldeth a dung and flesh , good for those that have the Hispanick disease .

Tatus . Jonst . T. The flesh is very fatt , sweet , and of a piruitous aliment , and abounding with excrements . V. drach . 1. Of the shell taken inwardly provoketh sweat , and mightily helpeth the Morbus Gallicus ; yet some of them are noxious and poysonsome , in so much , that causing vomiting and flatulency in the belly , they cause a syncope , and at last death . The antidote is oile olive in the beginning . They are distinguished by lamina's , the harmelesse shells having eight and the hurtful but seven .

Igvana . Jonst . T. The flesh is of good taste , being boiled , and long fryed with butter , and tasteth as well as that of Chickens or Rabbets .

ORNITHOLOGIA . Of Birds .
B.
Barnicle . Branta . P. In Scotland , Wales , Ireland , and other places . M. Of corne , and in fennes . N. Bernicla . Chenerotes . Bernichia .

BArnicles . Muff. T. V. They breed unnaturaly by corruption , & the taste is very unsavory ; yet they are eaten by poore men , hated by rich men , and rejected by those that are wise , when they have other meat to feed upon . Jonst. As for the description , it is lesse than the wild Goose , and of an ash colour , Aldrov . it flyeth like the wild Goose , making a noise in the flying . And some affirme it 's bred of the apples of a certaine tree . Gesn . They are somewhat lesse than common Geese , and so he agreeth with others .

Bat. Vespertilio . P. Almost in all dark places , and they fly abroad in the evening . M. Of gnats , flies , flesh , candles , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Ataleph . Arab. Baphas .

Bat. Strab. T. The flesh though abominable , yet is eaten by some people ; so Scaliger . V. Avic . Aldiov . The flesh helps the scirrhus . Galen used it against the gout , also it is a psilothron with bitumen . Avicen makes an oile thereof against the gout . Plin. The bloud is a psilothron . Archig . Ant. Mus. Seren. With other things , it helps the trichiasis , so Marcel . and Kiran. Gal. The braine with Womans milk doth the like ; so with vitriol , or the seed of hemlock , Which serveth also to hinder the growth of the duggs , and breasts . Plin. Magicians used the bloud against the paines of the belly . Avic . The braine , Kiran. or bloud applied with the juyce of black thorne and honey , helps the suffusions of the eyes , in the beginning . Plin. The gall with vineger applied , helps the bitings of the shrew mouse , in beasts . Belluens . The milk or urine is abstersive , very hot , and helps spots in the eyes , and wefts . Some say the dung causeth blindnesse : also the heart and tongue sometimes cause hydrophoby . The urine is counted commonly , to be of a venimous and septick faculty . Some say that the heart preventeth sleep , so the head , and hindereth waking if applied when a sleep . H. Their bitings are reported by some to be venimous ; yet are cured by Sea or warme water , or hot ashes applied . Their are diverse other faculties hereof , recited by the Ancients ; but superstitious and frivolous . So Jonst. As for the description it 's needlesse , the creature being very common . They flie abroad chiefely in the morning and evening . They see best in the night , Their visory spirit being most thinne , and lucid ; but it 's more thick in the evening . Their voice is very loud and shril . They are great friends to the Pigeon , and enemies to the Stork , plaine-tree , juy , and ants . Aldrov . They are zootokons , only , amongst all flying creatures , and bring forth in holes , two young ones at a time , having two teats ; yet some say that they are generated out of some putrid matter . Gesn . Some say the urine is venimous ; yet some have used it without danger .

Birgander . Vulpanser . P. About lakes and rivers , and such like places . M. Of things to be found in the rivers . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Chichelinches .

Birgander . Plin. T. The flesh was formerly in account . Their eggs are worse than those of Peacocks , but better than Henns eggs , so Epaenet . Heracl . Athaen . V. Ares . the fait with vine ashes , helps the elephantiasis , and swellings of the face . So Gesn . Jonst . As for the description , it is red breasted , and liveth in the water . Aldrov . It hath the forme of a Goose & craft of a Foxe ; they defend themselves against the injuries of the Eagle , Cat , and other enemies : they love their young , & defend them as the Partridg , seeming to be young ones , and so leading the fowler from the young ones , they escape .

Bistard . Vrogallus . P. In high hils and woods , in Germany and the North. M. Of leaves , of trees , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Dukiphat . Tetra● .

Bistard . Aldrov . K. As the greater and lesser . T. Some affirme that the flesh is as sweet , and pleasant as that of Pheasants , in so much that it 's counted fit only for the table of the Gentry : Therefore Caligula would have it sacrificed in his Temple , as Suetonius relates , sc. the greater Bistard ; Jonst . Some confound it with Otis and the Ortygometra . As for the description , the 〈◊〉 is about nine inches long , the head is black , & bill short , gibbous and broad . The eye lidd's are red , the breast and belly black , the feathers of the wings blackish & five hands in length , with white feathers on the thighs , & sufcous on the leggs , & they have white spots on the taile ; there are some of them weigh twenty Italick pounds . Encel. Some report that they generate by the mouth , by eructation of sperme .

Bittor . Asteria . P. About the banks of lakes and fenns , and other places . M. Of fishes , frogs , and worms , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Botauros . Bos palustris , & aquaticus .

Bittor . Muff. T. The flesh , as also of Storks and Herons , breeds no good nourishment ; They feeding upon Froggs and Worms . Jonst . As for the description it 's needlesse . They build their nests with reeds , they fly not quickly from the fowler ; but dive in the water ; or hide themselves amongst the reeds ; they fly not before they leape . Where there is a scull of fish they stand as still as if they were dead , gently bending their necks , by incurvation : when taken , they stand unmoveable , and on a suddaine wound the carelesse fowler . So Aldrovandus .

Black-bird . Merula . P. In thick woody places , and angles , or corners . M. Of the same meat as the Thrush : as hawes , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Nigretta .

Black-bird . Elluchas . T. Some dislike the flesh , they feeding upon Worms and locusts ; therefore there is a certain acrimony therein , and unpleasant smell . Platin. It is slowly concocted , nourisheth little , and causeth melancholy ; yet the Salernitan Physicians reckon it amongst the laudable birds ; & although Galen saith that it is harder , than that of the Partridg , Pigeon , or Henne , yet where he speakes of meats of good and bad juyce , he affirmeth the former , as also that it 's neither thin nor grosse , and Savonarola preferreth it before the Bustard or Thrush , so Bapt Fier . Yet the Ornithologer and Volateranus deny it . The flesh of both are said to be hot , and dry initio 2di . The best are the fattest . As for their cookery , see Apicius . V. Cels . Aldrov . The flesh helps the loosenesse of the belly , Plin. and the dysentery , being rosted with myrtle berries . Alex. Ben. The flesh is good to be eaten in the time of the plague . Marcel . It cureth the tormina , Rhas . and melancholly , by signature . Hal. The dung with vineger helps lentils , the bird being fed with rice . Kiran. The old oile in which the flesh hath been boiled , helpeth the opisthotonos and sciatica . Some use the head with the feet of a Hare as an amulet , and to make men audacious , bold and active . As for the description it 's here needlesse . They make their nests of a longish hemispherical figure , of little twigs , and then lute them , with some soft matter in the bottom ; they hatch foure or five young ones at a time . Their note is known . They are frends to the Robbin red-breast , which followeth her , and roosts by her at night , or in the next tree . They hate the Owle , and follow her when making a noise . Gesner Agreeth with Aldrovand in what hath been above related ; as in the rest , being followed by him .

Buzzard . Buteo . P. Almost every where , in England , and other places . M. Of herbs , as Clary , and woodbind ; and of Animals . N. Triorchis . Millo Marcelli .

Buzzard . Aldrov . T. The flesh is good and tender , especially in winter ; the flesh is usually very fat and is therefore used both rosted and boiled . Albert. It 's very sweet and of good taste , so Gesn . Therefore they are sold when dressed , in the markets , in diverse places in Italy . V. Bapt Port. The testicles boiled fresh with honey helpe those that are infirme in procreation , very sodainly ; so also all plants , having the same signature . As for the description , it may be omitted : They fly slowly , and are easily taken , so Jonst . Aldrov . They are taken by tying a Mouse in the field with lime twiggs about it .

C.
Cock , &c. Gallus , &c. P. Almost every where , in England and other places . M. Of corne , flies , snailes , and seeds &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Avis Cohortalis , & Lucis . The Hen , Gallina .

COck , &c. Aldrov . T. The flesh when young , is in a meane , betwixt that which doth attenuate and make thick ; for it is easily concocted , begets laudable bloud , causeth a stomach , and is agreeable to all stomachs , especially if fat , and before coiture ; they then growing more dry , and saltish ; therefore they are to be gelded sooner , they being then more cold , and of easier descent ; yet not of much nourishment , or such as will last long , consisting then of a thinne and fluxile bloud : therefore they are naught for such as are troubled with the gout , being attracted and received by the weaker parts . The braine is to be eaten with salt . The liver is moistish . The testicles are easily concocted . The eggs of Hens are best when fresh , and may be known by plenitude ; they are best boiled , and when softish . Gal. They then being light of digestion , of good juyce , not heating , but strengthning , and clearing the throat : When hard , they are more grosse , viscous and styptick . Muff. Young Cockrels , are the best of the chickens , which leave no excrements in the body ; and therefore are used in burning feavers ; it is of all flesh the most commendable , nourishing much , causing sperme and lust . They are best rosted , being a moist meat ; & with sorrel and sugar , or with white wine vineger : They are a most temperate meat , for weake stomacks . The hardest of digestion are the white , so Gilbert , Griuener . Yet they are best for hectick persons , being most cold and moist . They are best in summer , and Pullets and Hens in winter , the Cock-chickens are best before they crow lowd , & the female before trodden : Cocks flesh is best when young : it helps consumptions and hectick feavers . Their testicles , livers , and loines , are of very good nourishment ; if sodden it 's not good ; the broth looseneth , and the flesh bindeth ; which is contrary in that of a Hen , so Gal. C. those are the best that are of the game under 2. yeares of age . As for Hens they are best before they have laid , and when full of egges ; as also in January , and cold months , sleep and rest making them then fattest . When young the flesh is very temperate , of good juyce , much nourishment , strengthning naturall heate , engendring good bloud , sharpning the appetite , quickning the eye sight , nourishing the braine and sperme , & agreeing with all ages and complexions , turning wholly , for the most part , into bloud , making a lively colour , and quickning all the senses . Avic . The flesh of Pullets helpeth the wit , cleareth the voice , and increaseth the sperme , so is of much nourishment . They are best when meanely fat , and fed with corne cast into chaffe , that by exercise they may consume their superfluous moisture . The flesh of Capons of 7. or 8. months old , is preferred before all meats , by most Physicians . It helps the appetite , openeth the breast , cleareth the voice , fatteneth leane men , nourisheth all men , restoreth sicknesses , hurteth none ; but the idle , tasteth pleasantly , and digesteth easily ; also it 's more solid than that of pullets , more tender than that of Cocks , more agreeable than Pheasants , or Partridges , not so dry as a Cock to be slowly digested , not so moist as a Chicken to be soone corrupted ; but temperate , causing much in offensive bloud , and much sperme , without unnatural sharpnesse or heate : therefore Faventinus made it the basis in his Analeptick Electuary , and Alois . Mundella thinks that consumption desperate , which Capons gellies , and cullises cannot recover . They are best rosted for moist stomacks ; if boiled in white broth , they are of speedier ; but not stronger nourishment . The Italians make Hen-copenets , by sering them in the loines . Note , Freitag . As for the name , it 's called Capon , and Capo , quasi caput omnium ; or the chiefe of all other meats . As for egges , the best are the Hens , the shell of which is like the earth , cold and dry ; the white like water , cold , and moist ; the froth therein like aire , hot and moist ; the yolk like fire , hot and dry . Yet all together is temperate . The best are those of Pullets engendred by the Cock new , white and long , such nourishing much , clearing the voice and brest , strengthning the stomach , curing consumptions , & causing lust by nutrition . They nourish quickly being liquid flesh , and much , by a proportionable heat and moisture , they are best in the morning being newest , and in the Winter Hens being then fattest , and worst in Summer by reason of ill feeding : it is best to eate them alone , they otherwise corrupting , and filling the face with pimples and freckles . H. they are naught for Children , their hot bodies turning them into over hot nourishment , whence the itch , scabs , inflammations , and corruptions doe arise : also for old men , being hardly digested in a cold stomach ; they are best for temperate young people , not feaverish . Egges serve also in fluxes , bridle sharp and griping humours , restore spirits in the weakenesse of the heart , and speedily passe from a cleane stomack . Note the longest are usually Cock egges , so of best nourishment , also those that have greatest yolks nourish most ; but the other are fittest for hot stomacks . Furthermore rere egges are of lightest digestion , The hard of slowest , and the softish of strongest nourishment . The fried are hot and maligne in quality : the potcht are best for hot complexions , or those that are aguish . Sodden reere in the shell they are soonest converted into bloud , and if rosted reere in the embers they make thickest and strongest bloud , and are fittest for cold weake and waterish stomacks . Ficinus calleth them the quintessence of flesh . Finally , of all creatures , those egges are most wholesome that are most temperate , they being like their venters . They chiefely in use , are those of Hens , Turkies , Peacocks , Pheasants , Partridges , Berganders , Ostriches , Ducks , Geese , Pigeons , and Sparrows . As for the way of dressing them , it may be seene in Apicius , Platina and Aldrovandus . V. Hipp. The white of 3. egges being taken in water , helps the heate of feavers . Gal. The yolks help the syncopal feaver before the fourth day , using the flesh after , chiefely that of a Capon , being more friable , and tender . So the cullise of the same . Tral . The testicles help the hectick feaver . The broth with other things helps the feaver called Epiala , so with the fat of a Duck : if of an old Cock it is laxative , cleansing , and opening . It dissipats flatulencies , and purgeth melancholly , so Serap . Bras . It bringeth out those things that are in the stomack and intestines . With sene it purgeth melancholy , phlegme with turbith , and choller with citrine myrobalans : Mesue addeth bastard saffron also to purge phlegme , in the gout , and against melancholy , dodder of time , and polypody , with time , Hyssop , Anet , and sal gemme for the same purpose . Plin. It helps long feavers , stupidity , tremblings , diseases of the joynts , diseases and paines of the head , Epiphora's , inflations , nauseousnesse , the tenesmus , liver , reines , bladder , against crudities , and shortwindednesse being boiled with Capers , Parsely , Mercury , Polipody , or dill , &c. The best is the old red Cock , and sattish . Rhas . the braine of a Hen , helps the trembling of the braine , wit and memory . The young Chicken dissected and applied to venimous bitings , draweth out the venome , and helps the Epilepsy caused thereby . Plin. The testicles with water and milk , help the falling sicknesse abstaining from wine , Ornithol . so the gall . Amat . Lus . Ornithol . Being dissected and applied to the head of a Woman they help melancholy and folly . The white of an egge helps paines , so Avic . sticking to the parts by its gluten . Applied to the forehead with a linnen cloath it causeth sleep : So the feet eaten . Diosc . The white taken warm helps destillations & rheumes . The same applied to the forehead , hindereth defluxions thence , it having an excellent astringent faculty , in so much that Pliny saith , that being mixt with live lime it will soder glasses , Hermol , and that being put upon a stick or garment it will not burne . Therefore Galen , Avicen and Serapio mixed it with things that hindered the flux of bloud from the braine : and it helps the pissing of bloud being taken crude , Plin. And spitting of bloud ; so the braine and bloud . Gal. Eupor . So the shell with other astringent remedies . Plin. The powder thereof drunk in wine helps eruptions of bloud , so Kiran. And bleeding at the nose , with frankincense and the white of an egge . Ornithol . So with sour or horse dung . The dung which is white expelleth coagulated bloud . Avic . a reere egge helps hoarsenesse of a hot cause . Diosc . And roughnesse of the throat , so Gal. as also the inflammation of the trachea . It 's mixed with things that incide humours contained in the breast or lungs . It also cureth all asperity of the stomack , belly , intestines and bladder . Elluch . Marcel . a forbile egge clarifieth the voice ; so when newly layed . Hipp. The flesh of a rosted Hen is good against exulcerated arteries . Avic . And cleareth the voice . Myreps . The white dung taken with water or melicrate , helpeth occult quinseyes , or used with honey inwardly . Plin. The yolk of an egge applied , helps the destillations of the breast . Avic . A reere egge helps the dyspnoea . Arnold . The pulp of the flesh with ptysan , helps the Asthma , and other affections of the breast , so with Rose water , Almond milk , Amylum and Rice flower . Avic . A new reere egge , helps the pleurisy ; so Joub . Diosc . and spitting of bloud , Plin. Especially with Amylum . Avic . Sorbile egges help the cough , pleurisy , phthifick , hoarsnesse of heate , shortnesse of breath , and spitting of bloud , especially the yolk being taken warme , so Marcel . with old wine . Marcel . a crude egge drunk with the juce of cut leeks and honey helpeth the spitting of matter . Hipp. The flesh of a Cock helpeth the breast . Plin. Seren. Marcel . An egge with the juyce of hore-hound and honey breaketh vomica's , purgeth and cureth them . Marcel . The fat taken inwardly helpeth those that are empyick . Some adde the powder of dill . Avic . Sorbile egges help the phthisick , Marcel . Some adde oile , and bastard wine . Marsil . The white Chickens are best for those that are hectick : being colder . An egge with honey helps the cough , so Plin. and Seren. So with brimstone . Marcel . The powder of the inward skinne of the ventricle drunk with wine helps the humid cough . Gal. The yolks of egges help the syncope , they causing soddain and much nutriment : so the feather put into the nose with vineger . Diosc . The inward tunicle of the stomach strengthneth the stomack ; so Guainer . Leonel . Sylv. being washed in wine , dryed and powdered . So egges being halfe boiled . Marcel . And with oile the yolks quench thirst . Being taken with live brimstone and the shavings of Harts horne it stops vomiting , so with a wall louse ; but the dung causeth vomiting , therefore it 's drunk against poyson , being mixed with line seed , or that of netles decoct in water , or with water and butter , so Guainer , and Villan . Archig . the powder of the yolk of an egge taken with barly meale easeth the pain of the stomack . Rondel . The ashes of the intestines of a Hen , help the paine and moisture of the stomack . Tral . The broth of an old Cock purgeth the hollow part of the liver . The oile of egges helps the paine of the liver caused by flatulencies . An egge taken with brimstone helps the jaundise , Ornithol . So the tunicle of the stomack . Hipp. Cocks flesh rosted helps the dropsy . Marcel . The yolks of egges boiled hard in vineger , and taken with pepper help those that are coeliack : so Seren. with meale ; or the membrane of the ventricle taken in austere wine . Egges boiled in vineger stop fluxes of the belly . So Gal. and Sym. Seth. Constant . so applied with vineger : Seren or the shell drunk in wine . Hipp. And the flesh eaten . Avic . It is boiled sometimes with astringent remedies against the dysentery , and with milk against ulcers of the bladder . Crude egges with oile of roses help the dysentery , with heate . Plin. The yolks of 5. egges taken raw , with the shells , juyce of poppies and wine , help the same . Calf . Egges rosted hard stop the belly . So Gal. especially with ●…mach , galls , powder of snailes , the fruite of myrtles , medlars , balaustins , and Hyppocystis . Marcel . The powder of the skinne in an egge shell drunk in wine helps the dysentery also , and the broth of a young Cockrell , so the white of an egge used in a clyster with melilore , preventing ulcers and putrefaction . Seren. the ashes of an egge she ll help the paine of the belly . The rosted liver of a Cock with the membrane of the ventricle and juyce of poppies helps the iliack passion . Egges boiled in vineger help ulcers of the reines and bladder . Alex. Tral . Raw egges help the inflammation of the reines , Plin. And the yolk helps the erosions thereof . Aet . The white dung drunk helps the collick . Ornithol . So the decoction with carminatives , used in clysters Avic . or the broth with polypodie and dill . Diosc . So the dung with vineger , so Gal. Andernacus maketh a potion of the decoction of an old Cock , for the same purpose : with things against winde . Kiran. Egges boiled in the urine of an Asse help nephritick pains ; so the inward membrane of the ventricle drunk with wine & salt . Avic . The powder of egge shells drunk breaketh the stone , sc. of those that have contained Chickens Plin. The white of an egg expelleth the same . Diosc . A warme egge taken helps corrosions of the bladder , & exulcerations of the reines . Some affirme that the ashes of the throat taken in warm water , help the incontinencie of urine , and Galen useth this to stop the same , sc. the membrane of the stomack , with frankincense , accorns , balanstins , galls , with honey of roses , and cold water . Rhas . The dry comb of a Hen stoppeth the pissing of bed ; Gal. So the testicle Egges boiled in vineger , help the heat of urine . The shell provoketh urine , so Gatiner . Leonel . so with saxifrage water : mixed with wine it helpeth burstings . Marcel . The yolk of an egge helps the exiture of the fundament . Plin. Egges boiled hard in vineger and taken with peppper stop the belly . Rhas . They cause venery , so the testicles . Gal. Egge shells boiled with cuminseed help the paine and inflammation of the genitalls . Some commend the powder thereof against the Gonorrhoed Egges steeped in vineger stop the termes being taken with meale and water . Kiran. So if taken raw . The ashes of the shells , with that of Harts horne , powder of Amber , and aneifeed , an . Drach. 1. taken in water help the whites . Being applied with myrrhe they stop the courses . So Plin. the yolks boiled and drunk in wine doe the same . Ornithol . The fume of egges made by a fire hot brick causeth the menses ; but the contrary is more probable . Plin. The yolks of raw egges applied with oile and wine help inflations of the womb . Hipp. The fat of a Cock anointed an a suppository , of nitre and rosin , bringeth forth the dead Child ; Kiran. So the heart of a Hen , applied to the hip . Plin. or egges drunk in wine with Anet , Rue , and Cuminseed . Myrepf . A crude egge drunk with warme water expelleth the secundine . The powder of egge shells applied helps the falling down of the matrix . As for the externall use . Plin. The white of an egge with Amylum helps St. Anthonies fire , so with oile applying beete leaves , so Seren. Gal. A raw egge applied presently helpeth burnings : it moderately cooling and drying without biting : some adde barley meale and a little salt . Ornithol . So the yolk with oile of roses . Arnold . The oile of egges helps the paine thereof . The fame helps the itch , or the destilled water thereof . Galen for the same purpose mixeth egges with other things . Sext. The red dung of a Cock breaketh fellons and easeth the paine . So Plin. With vineger . The white of egges with white frankincense applied , helps broken bones . Myrepsus useth egges in his Medicine against eminencies . Plin. Mixed with Sow-bread they help moist ulcers in the head . Ornithol . the powder of egge shells and of the soles of old shooes , with Cows dung stamped , dryeth up old ulcers in the legges . Arnold , The oile of egges help fistula's , and melancholick ulcers . Avic egges with oile of roses help impostumes of the fundament , they are used in plaisters also , and in clysters against ulcers , apostumes , and the crysipelas with oile . Pet. Apon . Egges help the increasing of tumours . Rhas . The greene dung of a Cock applied plaister-wise with the yolk of an egge and a little saffron , openeth any porulent abscesse . Ornithol . The skinne of the ventricle of a Capon powdered , is good in mortified fistula's . The whites of egges purge wounds , and constringe what is laxe . Plin. The powder of the shells helps all eruptions of bloud . The liquour of the whites distilled helps cicatrices and other spots , being often used , so the oile of egges . The egge used to the head , and afterwards using water , or the juyce of Sowbread , killeth nits . Plin. The fresh dung helps the alopecia . Kiranides and Rhases use it with vineger , after rubbing with an onion . Oile of egges causeth the haires to grow . The gall of a Cock helps the weakenesse of the eyes , sharpning the sight , and helping the spots thereof ; especially with the juyce of celondine and honey . Gal. An egge steeped in vineger , dissected and applied to the eyes , causeth sleeping . Constant . The white injected into the eyes , helpeth the prickings thereof , as also all their heat and itchings . Diosc . The white of an egge applied to the forehead with frankincense stops and diverts defluxions . Plin. So with womans milk and wool . It helps the Epiphora , also some use it with saffron , or with snailes . Diosc . The white injected into the eyes helps the inflammations thereof . Gal. So those of the eyebrows , eares , Dugges , and nervous parts , the whole being used . With milk and oile of roses it helps phlegmons of the eyes . The chymicall liquour of the whites cooleth the eyes , strengthens them , and is usefull in ocular remedies . Gal. Plin. The white helps lippitude . The gall helps suffusions , especially with honey , and the juyce of fennel , rue , eye bright , swallow-wort or vervaine . Some say the dung of a white Cock with hony and vineger injected into the eyes stops the weeping thereof . Archig . Gal. The white helps bloudy and bruised eyes , so the yolk , some adde honey ; so used with Wine . Marcel . The gall with honey helps darknesse . Constant . The bloud of a Cock also helps the eyes . The fat injected helps the vices of the eares , if stopped by water , or are purulent , as also if of difficult hearing . Kiran With spikenard , it helps the paines of the eares , and passions of the nerves , being hotter and dryer than that of Swine . Avic . The yolk of an egge helps hot impostums in the eare , and the oile helps the paine thereof , and openeth the same ; though Galen saith the white easeth paine : To which if there be inflammation , he addeth opium and Womans milk ; so the pellicle of the ventricle with wine , and opium . The fat of a Hen helps the asperity of the tongue . The oile of egges with Goose grease helps the toothach . Plin. The powder of egge shells serveth as a dentifrice . Aeg. Hens fat mollifieth the gums and facilitats the breeding of teeth in Children . Kiran. So the braine . Marcel . Plin. The fat helps the chaps of the lips . Ornithol . An egge applied with a linnen cloath and wine helps tumours of the Duggs . Gal. The broth of a Hen or Kid , helps the inflammations of the tonsills , and quinsies , so with other things , in Eupor . Kiran. A crude egge helps the ruptures and inflammations of the fundament . Diosc . Plin. So the yolk . Diosc . The fat helps the paine of the matrix , and impostume of the same . Avic . A pessary made of the white with the oile of Alcanna helps ulcers of the womb . The bath and fume from a Hen stuffed with wormewood helps the gout : Marcel . Plin. So the dung applied fresh : Aetius used egges also in his podagrick cerot . Kiran. The liver of a Hen applied with barley meale doth the same . Marcel . The ashes of the dung applied with oile help ulcers of the feet : with oile and Nitre it helpeth cornes . Thus of the outward and inward remedies hereof . Furthermore , Aet . The broth of a young Cockrell after vomiting , helps against poyson , and that the white & yolk will shew in the urine . Diosc . Eggs drunk with oile help against aconite . Nicand . The broth of a fat Hen helps against dorycnium . The dung helps against Frogstooles with wine and vineger , or oxymel . So Aet . Plin. and Rond . The D. is Drach. 1. or 2. The same helps against the bitings of a mad Dog . Aet . or of a Cat. The Body dissected helps the bitings of Serpents , or of other venemous beasts , so Gal. So the braine drunk with a little pepper . Kiran. The bloud of a Cock helps those that have drunk the Sea Hare . Plin. Egges applied with cresses help the wounds of Serpents . The braine drunk with Pepper helps the bitings of the Phalangia , so Rhas . The gall also helps against venimous bitings and wounds , as of the Scorpion , the fish called Callionimus , Sea Tortise , and Hyena . The rumps of live Cocks being successively applied help Buboes , in the plague . Hens fed with vipers help the Elephantiasis . The dung helps plague botches . A Cock dissected & applied helps the Phrensie . Some cast the dung into the nostrills of Horses against their phlegme . Having egges given to them steeped in vineger they recover from their cough , after using Fenigreek , Prisan cremor and Honey . Absyrt . Hier. The dung used in a clyster with Wine and Nitre helps their Iliack passion and inflation of the belly , using Cows dung by the mouth . Anatol. The dung used to the privities of a Mare with Turpentine causeth her to goe to Horse . Egges given raw to kine cause appetite , putting Garlick into their nostrils . The powder of the dung helps their ulcers , with the juyce of elder , after washing with the decoction thereof with wine and salt . The broth of a Cap●n is good in weakenesses , feavers and the Pestilence with appropriate herbs , so the distilled water . The grease helps the collick . Aldrov . Jonst . The powder of the pellicle of the stomach helps fistula's : the bones of the legges are used against the whites in Women . Schrod . The gelly is nutritive , the fat is betwixt that of Geese and Swine . The white of an egge is cold , binding , and glewing : the yolk is anodyne , degestive , loosening and maturative . It is used in Clysters with salt .

Colemouse . Ficedula . P. Almost every where , in all Countries . M. Of Figges . and Corne , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Melancoryphus . Carbonarius parus .

Colemouse . Schrod . T. The flesh eaten sharpneth the eye sight . As for the description , it is needlesse , the bird being common , nor the note , it being often heard ; as for the rest , see Titmouse . Aldrov . They are best in the autumne , being then fattest . Aristot . They build in hollow trees . They bring forth many young , and usually an odde number : They feed their young very fat : they are taken by nets , and birdlime .

Coot . Fulica . P. In Fennish and watery places , and reedy pooles , &c. M. Of Herbs and Seedes , and the like . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Phalaris . Mergus niger . Pullus aquaticus .

Coot . Aldrov . T. They have a ranck and moorish smell , therefore they are used to be boild in an open pot , and rosted afterwards ; so they are more pleasant , tenderer and of easier concoction : they are best in autumne ; but never good for temperate Bodies . V. some use the heart against the Epilepsy . The flesh is used also against bitings by Spiders . The description is needlesse . They build their nests on the ground , laye egges of the bignesse of those of Hens , in the summer time . They foretell storms by their noise , and winds by their diving , and clapping of their wings ; so Jonston .

Cormorant . Mergus . P. 〈◊〉 the Sea , Rivers , and Fennes , and such like places . M. Of Eeles , and Congers , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Dypres . Poynges . Bunges .

Cormorant . Aldrov . T. the flesh is black and hard of digestion . V. Kiran. The flesh rosted and eaten helps the Elephantiasis and spleen . The bloud is alexipharmick and resisteth venimous beasts : the powder of the ventricle helps concoction , sc. of that called Aethyia . Seren. So of that called Mergus ; though Galen and Wotton deny it . Plin. Magicians use the heart against quartans . Diosc . The old liver drunk with hydromel , bringeth out the secundine . Aet . Being rosted , with oile and a little salt it helps those that are bitten by a mad Dog . Kiran. The gall with rosin of Cedar hindereth the growing of hairs on the eye-liddes , after evulsion : the egges help the dysentery , reines , and stomack . Jonst . Their young presently get their living . The old are often fished with , having a string tyed about their necks , to hinder them from swallowing . Their noise about the banks predicts tempests . The Water Crow may be reduced hither , the skinne of which is used to be worne upon the stomack , causing concoction , their ventricle presently concocting all meat .

Crane . Grus . P. In Lybia , Egypt , and Aethiopia . M. Of Fruits . and Herbes , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Avis Palamedis . Heb. Sas.

Crane . Gal. T. The flesh is fibrous and hard . Aeg. The lesser are more moist , easierly concocted , of stronger meat , and sooner passe through the Body . Rhas . The flesh causeth melancholy . Sym. Seth. It 's hot and dry , therefore they are to be eaten 2 dayes after killed ; but it seemeth rather to be cold , and dry , of a grosse substance , and hard of concoction . They are best after they have hanged in their feathers , and are after used with Aromatick sauces , drinking sack after it . Ornithol . The flesh is moister , than that of the Stork . The egges are eaten by the Indians . Barth . Ang. But they are insiped , of a strong smell , ungrateful taste , and of hard digestion . V. Avic . Port. They defend from venemous creatures . Villanov . They help against cankers , the palsey , and ulcers . Marcel . Used in meate they help against the tormina . The broth clarifieth the voice , and increaseth the sperme , so Sym. Seth. Arnold . The powder of the head , eyes , and belly helps fistula's , cankers , and all ulcers . The braine is used against vices of the fundament . Rhas . The liver helps paines of the reines , drach. 1. being drunk with the water of ciches : also the testicles with sal gemme , spume of the Sea , dung of a Lizard and Sugar , help white spots in the eyes , and bruites . The gall helps spasmes . Hal. Being cast into the nostrils with the water of sweet marierom , it helps the palsey . Constant . The fat helps all hardnesses . Sym. Seth. That arising from boiling helps deafenesse , and the hardnesse of the spleene with vineger of squills , taken in a bath . Applied it helps swellings . The dung is of the nature of that of the Pigeon . Some say that the feathers stupifie Serpents . Schrod . The flesh is good for the nerves and membranes , as also against the collick . The fat helps the stiffnesse of the neck , and is of the nature of the Goose grease . The marrow of the shanks is used in ophthalmick unguents . As for the description , the neck is 18. inches long , the sides are black , the neathermost parts white , the Crown black with a red spot , the rest ash coloured , except the greater feathers of the wings , and are crisped towards the taile . The rough arterie is inserted in the flesh to the bone sternon , therefore they are heard so farre . They generate as Sparrows . They lay 2. egges , their noise is great and loud , they live 40. yeares , run fast , usually fly with the wind , in a triangular forme , and vary according to the wind . They follow the most robust and ancient leader , and when weary , substitute the next , the hindmost alwayes make a noise for the rest : they watch in the night with a stone in their feet . The rest put the head under the wing : also they hate Eagles .

Craye . Cornix . P. About Cities , Houses , and Rivers , &c. M. Of Fruits , Nuts , Worms , fishes , and flesh , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Gaudes . Kokis . Berositis . Rooke .

Craye . Aldrov . T. the flesh is of ill , stinking , and bilious juyce ; yet it 's eaten by the poor people in Italy . Demet. Constantinop . The flesh hurts Hawkes also . V. Plin. Marcel . The braine boiled , and eaten , helps great and old paines of the head , Plin. And causeth haires in the eye lids . Kiran. The dung helps the dysentery . The bellies laid 3. dayes in fresh dung , and left after to ebulliate in oile till resolved , cause the haires to be white . Ornithol . The putrid flesh draweth shrew mice unto it , which then may be killed . Jonst . The flesh is thought useful in Chronical diseases . As for the description , it 's about the bignesse of a Jay , with black feathers , bill , and legges , & whitish about the neck , with haires about the eye lids . They breed in the tops of trees , and sometimes joyne with Crows . They lay 2. egges , they love their young , they are scabbed in the summer solstice , they fly swiftly , and they love the Stork and Crane , but hate Owles .

Crow . Corvus . P. Desolate , humid , and high places that are tilled . M. Of Corne , Apples , Cherries , and Worms , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Satyra avis . Heb. Oreb . Arab. Gerabib .

Crow . Aldrov . T. the flesh is counted unwholsome , they feeding upon dead bodies . So for Hawks also . V. Drach . 1. Of the ashes drunk thrice in a day , with the water of Castoreum helps the Epilepsy . Philes , the egges with myrtles make the haire black ; so the bloud and braine with black wine , Rhas . So the fat with rue and oile . Ornithol The braine with vervaine water helps the Epilepsy . Rhas . The gall prevents venery , with the oile sesamine . Rhas . The fume of the same makes the haire white . The hearte is said to cause watchfulnesse . Plin. Marcel . Sext. The dung with wool helps the toothach , Plin. And the cough in Children : the fume helps the white scald also . Kiran. The egges cause abortion . Arnold . The egges help the spleen , with those of a Pigeon applied to the spleen . Schrod . The ashes of Crows help the gout . The description is needlesse . Jonst . They lay 4. or 5. Egges , sit 20. dayes , live 40. years , and hate Kites .

Cuckoe . Cuculus . P. Almost every where , in England , Holland , &c. M. Of Flies , Birds , Flesh , Egges , and Fruits . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Kaath . Gugulus Albert.

Cuckoe . Aristot . T. The young are fat , and of good taste ; the flesh is used by the Italians . V. Plin. Being applied in a Hares skinne it causeth sleep . Some use the dung decoct , and drunk , against the biting of a mad Dog . Rondel . The ashes help the paine and moisture of the stomack . Schrod . And the stone ; it also helpeth the epileptick , and those that have agues , being given in the fit : the description is uselesse . Jonst . usually they lay but one egge , chiefly in the nest of the Hedg-sparrow , which bred , some say , after , doth devour the damme , their flights are short , interrupted and low . Their voice is known . They are enemies to birds , & friends to the Kite . Their feathers come off in Winter , and they are scabed .

D.
Duck. Anas . P. In watery , and Fenny places , and the like . M. Of the roots and seeds af aquatick plants . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Pappos . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Hisp . Anáde .

DUck . Aldrov . T. The flesh is hot , moist , grosse , hard , not easily concocted , and excrementitious . Gal. It 's harder than that of the Hen or Pigeon ; yet Archigenes commends it for those that are stomachick . Avic . It sometimes causeth feavers , and descendeth slowly out of the stomack , loading the same : but if it be concocted , it yeeldeth much nourishment , & nourisheth more than that of other foule , making far ; yet it 's not of so good juyce . The best part in them is the wing : the liver is good , sweet , & of good juyce , but this rather agreeth to Geese . It s in moisture like Mutton , & hotter than that of other domestick soules . Mes. It 's very moist , clarifieth the colour & voice , helps flatulencies , & strengthens the body : Elluch . It 's good for those that are hot & young , & chiefely in the winter . It 's hot and moist 2° . it 's best rosted , with spices . Plat. It's hotter than the Goose . Jul. Alex. The liver helps fluxes caused by the vice of the liver . Alex. Ben. H. the flesh is naught in times of the plague . Fracast . And for the french pocks . Savon . Also it causeth nauseousnesse . Bruyer . Those are worst that are bred in Cities . Villanov . They are best in autumne , but never good for temperate bodies . The wild are better than the tame and the young , than the old , a dayes after killed . They are bad for those that are melancholick , but good in cold seasons and for those that labour : As for the cookery thereof it may be seen in Platina and Apicius . Muff. Young Ducks fed with grinded malt are of good nourishment , clear the colour , help hoarsenesse , increase sperme , and expel wind . V. Marcel . The flesh eaten helps the termina , so applied alive to Cows , Horses , or Men. Avic . It causeth coiture . Gal. The bloud drunk with oile helps against poyson some potions , & bitings of vipers , so Kiran. and Myreps . Diosc . Therefore it s used in many antidotes , as the Diahaematon , &c. it helps the bleeding of the nostrils , and confusions of the eyes , being after anointed with Oesypus and honey . It stoppeth the belly . Serap . The fat , is hot subtile , and better than the rest ; but this rather agreeth to Goose grease . Myreps . It 's used in plaisters against the pleuresy . With oile of roses it stoppeth bleeding . Villanov . The dung applied helps venimous bitings . The womb is used in the Antidotus Ecloge of Myrepsus , against the coeliack passion and spitting of bloud . Schrod . Applied alive they help the collick . The fat heateth , moistens , softens , digesteth and resolveth , therefore it 's used in inward and outward griefs , sc. of the sides , joynts , and cold distempers of the nerves , &c. As for the description it may be omitted . Jonst . They generate in March and are very salacious . They sit neere waters . They goe showly , by reason of the shortnesse of their feet , and they are almost of the nature of Geese . They shun the Eagle by diving . They foretel wind thereby : and raine , by their noise .

E.
Eagle . Aquila . P. In Peru. Germany . and Polonia . and other places . M. Of the flesh of Pigeons , Geese , and Swans , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Nescher . Chald. Nisra . Arab. Alneser .

EAgle . Aldrov . T. The flesh is hard , fibrous , and excrementitous , begetting a black juyce , therefore it 's fitter for Medicine , than meat ; so D. Hieron . V. The skinne dressed like that of a Swan helps the collick and vices of the stomack . The nerves help paines of the nerves and gout . The bones help the Hemicrania . Those of the scull ease the headach . The wings put under the feet accelerate delivery . The feet help the pain of the loines . The braine drunk in wine helps the jaundise . With oile and a little Rosin of Cedar it helps the Scotoma , and all affections of the head . The tongue helps the incontinencie of urine . Being hung about the neck in a linnen cloath it helps the rough arterie , vices of the Columella , difficulty of breathing and the cough , so Gal. the heart is said to drive away wild beasts . The powder of the ventricle helps digestion ; but it emaciats . The powder of the liver drunk with the bloud , and oxymel 10. dayes , helps the Epilepsy . Diosc . The gall is the strongest of all . Gal. It 's used against swellings and suffusions in the eyes . An errhine may be made thereof for Children , against flatulencies in the head . With water it clenseth white spots in the eyes . Applied it helps the bitings of the viper , and venim of Scorpions . The powder of the testicles causeth venery . The quills kill warts . Serap . The fume of the dung bringeth forth the Foetus . Port. It driveth away Serpents . Jonst . The braine is so hot , that the powder thereof taken , causeth madnesse . As for the descripton , the body is thick , and upright ; the bones have little marrow , the bill is crooked , eyes little , quills hard , claws aduncate , gall eruginous , bloud thick and fibrous , & dung very sharp . They copulate often , they can fly from morning to night very high , they see well , they hate the Swan , Crane , Stork , Vulture , Dragon and Serpents : they live long , but when old , dye by reason of their crooked bills .

G.
Goose . Anser . P. Almost every where , in England , and other places . M. Of Graine , Grasse , and the like . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Ganza . Hisp . Ansaron .

GOose . Muff. T. Galen commendeth only the giblets , stomack , & liver of a Goose soddē in broth . The flesh of Goselings well fed is nourishing and pleasant ; but the best is the stuble Goose , being of a middle constitution . If it be above 4. moneths old it cannot be well digested without Garlick sauce , exercise , and strong drink . Their moisture is corrected by stuffing them with spices and hot herbs , Savonarola counteth the flesh hot , Albertus , cold , and Galen , more moist than of any water foule ; but their feeding sheweth them to be hot and dry , they drinking often , delighting to be in the coldest water , and eating lettuce , endive , purcelane , trefoile , ducks meat , and sowthistle . Aldrov . The Jews delight in the flesh thereof . The flesh is hard , musculous , and not easily concocted , also they cause little laudable juyce . Therefore they are not often to be eaten , by those that love their health , being excrementitious also , and more grosse , hot , and moist than any domestick foule , being of the nature of the Ostrich ; so Elluch . Rhas . Avic . Savon : it causeth feavers . Jul. Alex. It causeth obstructions ; but if well digested , it 's of much and strong nourishment . Alex. Ben. H. they are naught in the time of Pestilence , Villanov . And for those that are troubled with the hemorrhoids , Fracast . or with the french pocks as also those that have the gout , & in all diseases . They are best in the Winter , as also all other hot & strong flesh . The egges are worse than those of Hens , Sim. Seth. Grosse , and hardly concocted . V. Bapt. Port. The flesh eaten causeth length of life . Fi●in . So the fat . Port. It maketh loquacious , and to tell what is done , in dreames . It cureth Hydrophobie , and causeth venery Gal. The fat is more fit for use , than that of Cocks , but more digesting , being of a thinner substance , it 's the most emollient of all wild foul's , more loosening than lard , drying , and easing paine and lassitude ; yet that of Hens or Hogs may be its substitute . Aet . It s hotter and dryer , than lard , Aeg. or Goats fat , and of thinner parts . Goose grease if not salted , helpeth the paine of the matrix , and is mixed with plaisters for the eyes , and chaps of the lipps , paines of the eares , roughnesse of the face , and colour . It easeth paine , helps biting humours , all tumours , inflammations with paine , and phegmons with oile of roses . Aesculap . Constant . Also against all hardnesses , scirhus's , S. Anthony his fire , & bruises with mustard-seed , honey and wax ; in wounds : to stop bleeding with butter , and to help gallings with the braine , alum and oesipus . Hippocrates useth it against cicatrices . With honey it helps the biting of a mad Dog . With hot water and butter it helps against poyson . Avic . It helps the alopecia ; so Marcel . and Gal. With the seed of cresses it helps scurse , Plin. Sext. and ulcers of the head . Apollon. It helps the paine of the head and temples . Plin. Injected into the nose with oile of roses it stops bleeding . With oesipus and myrtle wine it causeth sleepe , and it preserveth the skinne of the face ; so Diosc . that it be not hurt by the sunne or weather , so Ruel . and Marcel . Virg. It helps the vices of the eares . Pliny and Marcellus adde earth worms . Pliny useth it with the juyce of Basil . With womans milk it helps contused and fractured eares , so with myrrhe , butter or rosin : with the former it helps their inflammations , tumours and rednesse . Marcel . With earth worms decoct it helps purulent eares . Bapt. Fort. It helps deafenesse , some adde the juyce of onions also , or of garlick ; the same helps the sounding of the eares , so with honey . Sext. Also with Bulls gall . Apollon. And the paine thereof with the fatt : and it helps deafenesse with saffron : with nitre , rosin , and oile it helps the inflations of the eares . It helps when any thing is fallen into the eare , and brings out any humidity with saffron . With butter it helps diverse affections of the nostrils . It helps the ozaena , and chaps of the lips , so Diosc . Sym. Seth , Plin. and Marcel . Avic . So those of the face , and ulcers of the mouth . It helps rigors of the neck , and tumours thereof with the yolks of eggs . With that of Mice it helps crump-backs . Plin. With oile of roses it preserveth the duggs after child-birth , with milk it restraineth them . With tarre and the powder of anet it helps the empyema . With Sea crabs it helps the phthisick . Plin. With oesipus , urine , myrrhe , and oile of myrtles it helps the dropsy . Marcel . With the braine , butter , alum , and oesipus , it helps the reines . In clysters it helps the collick . The former composition helps all vices of the fundament . Marcel . With agrimony it helps the condylomata . With warme water , the tosted spume of silver , galls , white wine , & oile , it helps the hemorrhoids in Women : and paine of the fundament with oesipus , as also the ulcers of the genitals , so Diosc . with the curd of a Hare and barley meale it helps the incontinency of urine . Avic . It cureth the vices of the womb , sc. without salt , and fresh . with Womans milk and oesipus it helps the paines thereof . Hippocrates mixeth it with other things . Plin. Hip. It helps its swellings and hardnesse ; he mixeth it with other things to purge the womb , To draw out the difficult birth , and the dead infant , to expel the secundine , stop reds , help the dropsy of the womb , inflammation , suffocation , pustules , inflamed ulcers , to cause conception , and to hinder abortion , as also to help the falling down of the womb . Plin. Applied it helps the paine of the duggs , breaketh the mola , and easeth the scab or itch , with wall lice . Furner . Used fresh with ligature , it helps the wrinkles in the bellies of Women . Kiran. It 's also used in pessaries . The liquour is used with other things , against the palsey , and gout , Extenuaton of the joynts , and spasmes . The broth helps against poysons , as the cantharides , toxicum , coriander , aconite , and dorychnium . Diosc . The bloud is used in antidotes . Myreps . It resisteth poysons with vineger . Diosc . It helps the poyson of the Sea-Hare , Plin. So with oile , and all evil medicaments , with the earth of lemnos , and the juyce of the white thorne , with water . When dry it 's used against long agues . Plin. The gall helps contused eyes , using oesypus and honey after it . Kiran. With that of a Bull , & the juyce of Daphne , it helps deafenesse . With elaterium and honey it helps the quinsey . that of the wild Goose with the juyce of knot grasse , helps towards conception and venery . The marrow is more liquid , than that of fourfooted beasts . Hipp. It helps diseases of the womb , as the hardnesse thereof , with the rose ointment ; so with Womans milk . their eggs are grosse , not easily concocted , and of bad juyce . Sym. Seth. Yet they help the witt of those that use them constantly with honey and butter . Gal. drach . sem . Of the shell taken in wine helps the dysentery . Fernel . The dung is of the same nature as that of Pigeons ; but stronger , for it attracteth , heateth , & is rubifacient with barly meale , and discutient with vineger . Being dryed and stamped with the seed of cresses , it helps old paines of the hipps , sides , neck and loines ; it helps the gout and arthritick paines . Mizald. It helps impostumes . Ornithol . Newly taken it helps inflammations called griggelen by the Helvetians . Rusius useth it against the morphew and ring-worms in Horses . Kiran. Drunk it helps the cough . Hipp. With the rose ointment it causeth conception : it helps the scurvy with rheinish wine , Bulls dung , nutmegs , and cloves . Some use it fresh against the jaundise . The powder of the feathers of the belly stops bleeding . The feathers indented , put into the nostrils cause the nose to bleed . Weck . a sacculus of the feathers helps the crudities of the stomack . Alex. Ben. The powder helps the stone . The braine helps gallings , the reines , rhagades , and hemorrhoids , with the fatt and honey . With the fatt , oile of roses , and the shells , it helps tumours of the matrix : with Harts marrow it helps chaps of the lips . It cures the aphthae . With spikenard it helps the rheume of the eares : And carbuncles with cleansed raisins . Injected with oile of lillies it bringeth forth the dead child , so Kiranides . The tongue is counted good for the bladder , Gal. one being eaten every day , stops the flux of urine . So Plin. and Marcel . Being rosted , the same helpeth the hydrocele . Sym. Seth. It helps the strangury being eaten , and it causeth lust in Women . The ventricle helps those that are stomachick . The intestines help the coeliack . The heart and lungs cure the phthisick , and the liver helps the hepatick . Sym. Seth. The testicles help to generation , so Gaudentius Merula . Schrod . The fatt applied , looseneth the belly of children . The D. of the bloud is drach. 1. or 2. The dung incideth , and openeth ; it bringeth forth the menses , secundine , and urine : it 's much used against the yellow jaundise , scurvy and dropsy . The D. is drach . sem . to drach. 1. and if fresh drach. 2. in some convenient liquour . The powder of the cuticle of the feet is astringent , therefore it 's counted good in the flux of the menses . The D. is drach . sem . it 's used outwardly to kibes . And some mixe it with antiicterick remedies .

H.
Hawke . Accipiter . P. In England , Prussia , Livonia , and Russia , &c. M. Of birds , and foule : the worst on frogs , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Netz . Arab. Basi . Pers. Bas.

HAwke . Aristot . T. The flesh of the young ones , is fatt and sweet , especially of Buzzards ; therefore it may be used as diet . V. Kiran. Being rosted and eaten , the flesh helps the epilepsy . Plin. Being boiled in oile of roses , it helps all vices of the eyes . Rab. Moys . The flesh of the young Ones , strengthens the mind , and resists melancholy , and the perturbations of the mind . Aesculap . The fat with oile , helps the dimnesse of the eyes . Vrfin . And the junctures . Kiran. Some wear the eyes about the neck against tertian agues . Anon. The powder of the ventricle steeped 3. dayes and nights in wine not allayed , with 3. spoonfuls of the juyce of Fennel and Honey , drunk before bed time , helps any evil affections of the body . Gal. The gall is very sharp and eroding , so that some say by it's cleansing quality it helps the eyes . Plin. So the dung , or ashes thereof with atrick honey : with wine it 's taken as an antidote against the hiring of the Stellion . Hipp. Being drunk fasting in wine , it helps towards conception . Villanov . With the slough of a Serpent , Opopanax , myrrhe , Galbanum , castoreum , citrine sulphur , and madder , it causeth delivery , sc. the fume thereof being taken , with the gall of a heifer . Wecker in his Syntaxis , prescribes it with Cinnamon , Cassia , Saffron , and a little white wine . Schrod . The oile helps all vices of the skinne . As for the description it is needlesse . Jonst . They are falacious , they lay 4 or 5 egges , and sit thereon for twenty dayes . They live long and have many diseases , sc . difficulty of breathing , then they gape and vomit : worms , then the feathers fall off the breast : choller , then the vomit is greene : the feaver , then there are wheales in the mouth : as also with stypticity , trembling , &c. They see sharply , fly swiftly , and live solitarily .

Heath-cock . Attagen . P. In Creete , Cyprus . Spain , and England , in diverse places . M. Of Corne and-Fruits , and the like . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Perdix Asclepica .

Heath-cock . Aldrov . T. the flesh is easily concocted , and causeth good juyce . Jul. Alex. It hath the deserts of all commendations therein , it causing clear and strong spirits , both in respect of the quantity , and facility of concoction : Gal. The nutriment thereof is neither thin nor grosse . Muff. When young it is little inferiour to that of a Pheasant , and well relishing ; but when old , the flesh is black , except that next the breast bone , which is white , tender , firme , and wholesome . V. Gal. The flesh helps those that are stomachick , or nephritick , so Alex. Ben. Avic . it encreaseth the braine , intellect , and sperme . Jonst . The flesh is without fibers . Tral . It helps those that are purulent : The description is needlesse . They love Harts , and hate Cocks .

Heron. Ardea . P. In France , and England , and other Countries . M. Of Fishes , and Oisters , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Scholach . Arab. Babgack .

Heron. Bellon . T. The flesh is better , than that of the Crane , being more sapid and tender : though some , count it foerid and not very healthful . It 's best when young , it smelling rankely when old , Alex Also being fibrous and hard . Bruyerin ; yet it s eaten by the nobility in France . V. Plin. Some think the bill causeth sleep . Ornithol . The fat cleareth the eyes . Villanov . H. the flesh is not good for those that have the Hemorrhoids . Schrod . The fat helps the paine of the gout , and deafenesse , the same serveth to catch fish withall . The description is needlesse . Jonst . They generate moving their wings , & breed in woods and fenny places . They fly holding their legges backwards and their necks contracted , and that very high . They hate the Lark , and kill the Hawk with their bils .

Houpe . Vpupa . P. In Mountaines and Woods , on the Earth . M. Of Worms , Beetles , and Flies , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Phylincopteros . Heb. Anapha .

Houpe . Rhas . T. The flesh is austere . V. Marcel . The ashes drunk in wine , help the colon . Rhas . Applied as a cataplasme it helps the bitings of a Crab. Plin. The heart helps the paine of the sides . The bloud used to the temples causeth sleep . The fume of the feathers expelleth worms . The tongue helps oblivion . The skinne helps the paine of the head . Rhas . The eye as an amulet cureth the leprosy . Schrod . The feathers help the paine of the head . Jonst . As for their description , they are a little bigger than a Quaile , and of a duskish colour , which they change in the autumne . They have a tuft on their heads . They make their nests in foggs . They lay three eggs , like , but lesse than those of Partridges , and of a stronger smell . They fly gently . Their noise shews raine .

K.
Kingfisher . Alcedo . P. Almost every where by rivers , and ditches . M. Of fishes , by diving under the water . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Halcyon . Avis Possideonis .

KIngfisher . Kiran. T. V. Some affirme that being rosted and eaten , the flesh helps those that are demoniack , which seemeth to be fabulous : As also that the eyes , applied in a linnen cloth , to the head of those that sleepe too much , cause waking . Bapt. Port. So the flesh eaten , the bird being wakeful . Schrod . Some say , that the heart dryed and hung about the necks of infants , helpeth the falling sicknesse . As for the description , it may be omitted , as uselesse . Jonst . They lay five eggs , and build on the shore . They love the Males and keep company with them all the yeare . Some say that their breast alwayes turneth to the wind , being hung up by the bill with a thred , in the house .

Kite . Milvus . P. Almost every where , in England and other places . M. Of birds , and carrion , and the like . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Daah . Arab. Cheda .

Kite . Avic . T. The flesh is grosse . Aldrov . Yet it 's eaten by poore people in Germany . V. Some say that a twig of the nest , laid under the head , easeth the paine thereof , and the opisthotonos . The powder of the flesh helps the gout , Gal. and the epilepsy , Plin. so the liver eaten , as also the opisthoronos drunk ; applied it helps the vices of the eyes , so Bapt. Port. Marcel . the testicles drunk fasting with spring water and honey , help towards fecundity or venery . Plin. The dung helps the paines of the joynts : Florent . The fume of the same with storax driveth away creeping things , Port. and Serpents . The worms of the flesh help the gout . The gall takes away the spots of the eyes . Schrod . The D. of the powder is scrup . sem . or scrup . 1. The bloud applied with nettles helps the gout , so the fatt . Jonst . They love the Cuckow .

L.
Lark . Alauda . P. In England , France , and Italy , and other places . M. Of Corne and wormes , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cassita . Galerita .

LArk . Durant . T. The flesh is hot and moist without excesse , and is fittest to be eaten , when fattest , sc. in autumne and winter : And is of good nourishment . When rosted they help the appetite , and are easily concocted , especially with sage , if not too stale . Cardan . It 's hot and dry . Savon . 2° . sc. The Cristed . Elluch . That without the Criste is the best , V. Aldrov . The Cristed larke helps the collick , being eaten rosted or boiled , so Gal. and Diosc . Marcel . Virg. Seren. and Plin. So the powder , so Alex. Tral . and Port. They discussing their flatulency by garrulity . Note , They are fattest in the winter , having ratified bodies , and the winter hindering perspiration . Schrod . The heart applied to the thigh helps the collick . The fresh bloud drunk in vineger helps the stone . As for the description it is uselesse . Jonst . They build with dry herbs on the ground , and breed thrice in a year . Their disease , is the epilepsy .

M.
Moorehen . Gallina corylorum . P About rivers , pooles , and marishes . M. Of graine , but their diet is not much observed . N. Gallina vitium . Bonasa . Orix .

MOorehen . Ornithol . T. Some count it a noble meat , and the best of all wild foule , and say there are three colours in the flesh . Albert. It 's black without ; but white within ; tender , and of a very pleasant taste . Auth. de nat. rer. Mundel . In the goodnesse of the juyce it may be compared to the Partridg . V. Stumpf. The flesh is good against the epilepsy . The ventricle helps the asthma in horses . So Jonston .

N.
Nightingal . Luscinia . P. In woods , almost every where , in England , &c. M. Of worms , ants , eggs and bread . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Acredula . Ales Daulia .

NIghtingal . Aldrov . T. The flesh is sweet and wholsome . V. It causeth watchfulnesse . Kiran. The gall with honey cleareth the eyes . Alex. Ben. The flesh eaten helps the cachexy . The description is needlesse . Jonst . They breede in May. Their voice is known . They hate the Viper and Hauke , and are docible .

O.
Ostrich . Struthiocamelus . P. In Africa , Lybia , Aethiopia , and Arabia , &c. M. Almost of any thing . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Avis Lybica .

OStrich . Gal. T. V. The ventricle taken in the quantity of two spoone fulls with wine , helps the flux , if there be no feaver ; but else with water . Kiran. The stone taken out thereof , and hanged about the neck helps concoction . R. Mos . the inward tunicle helps the stone . Avic . The flesh is hot and fatt , causeth appetite , strengthens the body , and causeth coiture ; for it is of very hard concoction , much superfluity , grosler and harder , than any flesh . The fatt is more efficacious than that of the Goose . With the diacinnabar plaister it helps hard swellings : And is used against arthritick pain . Hermol . The urine takes out the spots of ink . Kiran. The eggs help the gout . Schrod . The fatt helps the nervous parts , and softens the spleen . Jonst . They generate as the Camel .

Owle . Noctua . P. In England , France , Germany , and other places . M. Of wasps , bees , lizards , and mice . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Kos . Nyctimene .

Owle . Aldrov . T. The flesh is little used in meat , and if so , by the poorer sort of people , wanting better victuals . R. Mos . Yet if young it 's of good savour ; But Rhasis saith it's cold , dry and grosse . V. Some commend the bloud against the orthopnoea . Aet . It 's a psilothron after evulsion . The flesh helps those that are paralytick . R. Mos . As also those that are melancholick , and troubled in mind . The braine eaten helps the headach : The same as also the liver infused in oile , and put into the eare , helps its impostumes . Rhas . That of the male helps the nyctilops . Plin. It helps the quinsey . Schrod . The gall helps the spots of the eyes , and the fatt quickens them .

P.
Partridg . Perdix . P. Almost every where , in England , and other places . M. Of snailes , chickweed , corn , and ants . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Kore .

PArtridg . Muff. T. The flesh is temperately hot ; but inclineth to drynesse , 20. The old , are as bad as old beefe . When young and tender they agree well with cold , weake , watrish and pale bodies , drying up a moist stomach , strengthning the retentive power , easily turning into pure bloud , fatning the body , and increasing lust . Gal. They must not be eaten when newly killed , but hang a while in the cold aire . Their wings & breasts are best , as also of all birds that trust to flight , except the Woodcock . The best are the young , and fatt , killed by the Hawk after a long flight . Their broth is good for a weak stomach , for the jaundies , and a tainted liver . The panado thereof with Capon broth , marrow , eggs and bread , is very nourishing eaten first in the morning , or with chines of mutton . They stop fluxes rosted , and are best at the end of harvest , before they have trod or laied . Gal. The flesh is of a middle nature , neither too thick nor too grosse . The old are cold , dry , binding , and resist putrefaction . Avic . The eggs strengthen the heart , are temperate , quickly turned into bloud , leave little excrement , and generate clear and thinne bloud ; but Elluchases counteth them more subtil and of lesse nourishment than those of Hens . They are better boiled , than fried . V. Aret. The flesh helps those that are elephantiack . Cardan . Rosted it helps the french pocks . Being boiled with quinces , eaten , and the broth drunk with styptick wine , it helps the coeliack and stomachick persons . Taken alone it bindeth the body , dryeth up the humidity of the stomach , and resisteth putrefaction . Some use the pulp to restore the decay of strength in sick persons , though it 's not now much used . Plin. The broth helps the stomack , Seren. also the paine of the liver , Plin. and the iliack passion and jaundies . Sym. Seth. So the marrow , with wine , so Sext. and Constant . Plin. The powder of the ventricle drunk in black wine helps the iliack passion . Sym. Seth. Hal. The liver dryed and drunk helps the epilepsy . Plin. The bloud helps suffusions of the eyes . Diosc . The gall is one of the chiefest , Gal. and helps the dimnesse of the sight , and suffusions , so Aet . Donat. ab Altomar . So with honey and the juyce of fennel . Or with opobalsamum . Kiran. The gall used to the temples once in a month strengthens the memory . Myreps . It being dropped in warm , helps the want of hearing : The fume of the feathers smelled to , helps the strangling of the womb : Orinthol lib. Germ. And the apoplexy with wild cumin , and white frankincense . Plin. The eggs make fruitful , cause milk , and help the eyes . Schrod . Crat. The liver is an antidote against feavers , being taken often in yarrow water . The fume of the feathers helps the collick and other paines . Applied with mints and southernwood in a sacculus it helps the paines of the belly . As for the description it 's needlesse . Jonst . They are very libidinous : in so much that the males , ejaculat sperme , only hearing the noise of the female , and seem to copulate with their own image in a looking glasse , therefore they use to breake the eggs of their mates . The females also are no lesse salacious . They fight often , and make their nests in bushes . They lay 10 or 15 eggs , and sit twice in a yeare ; the young , runne abroad drawing their shells after them , and seeke their meat . They live 15 or 16 yeares . Thy fly low , and not farre . Their call is known . When the fowler commeth neere , they runne like young ones , and leade them from their nests , and teach the young to squat , when , they heare their note .

Peacock . Pavo . P. In Asia , Suecia , England , and other countries . M. Of corne : chiefely barly , herbs , and serpents . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Pavus . Avis Medica , & Junonis .

Peacock . Marcel . Ficin. T. The flesh is in a middle nature , betwixt that which is moist and dry . Gal. It 's of most hard concoction . Some count it hot and moist . Aldrov . Cardan . But it 's rather cold and dry : for that which is hot and moist , presently putrifieth ; but this lasteth long so D. Augustin . It being melancholick , grosse and fatt : therefore it yeeldeth strong aliment , and is hardly concocted . H. It is naught for those that are hepatick , splenetick , or troubled with the hemorrhoids . The eggs are much of the temper of the flesh , which is nidorulent , hard , fibrous , and so , bad ; yet not of an unpleasant taste . Muff. The young are very good meat , of a pleasant and strange taste , and good nourishment ; Aldrov . V. The broth if fatt , is commended against the pleuresy : And the tongue against the epilepsy . Sym. Seth. The fatt with the juyce of rue and honey helps the collick of cold humours : Also the powder of the bones applied with vineger helps the leprosy and morphew . Gesn . The fume of the feathers helps bleare and red eyes . The dung helps the eyes , and heat of the gout . Sext. Kiran. Drunk , it helps the epilepsy . Schrod . Querc . Pharm . Rest . The fume of the feathers helps the rising of the womb . The eggs help the running gout . The D. of the dung is drach 1. The description is needlesse . Jonst . The males are salacious , requiring five hens , &c. or else breake the eggs . They copulate from February to March . They live twenty or thirty yeares , and they fly little . Their voice is known . They carry their tailes out of the dirt , and spread them chiefly against the sunne . Their diseases are the toothach , and falling off of the feathers , at which time they hide themselves . When they cry much in the night , they foretell raine .

Pheasant . Phasianus . P. In Media , England , France , and other places . M. Of Corne , seeds and berries , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Piseon , Munster .

Pheasant . Gal. T. The juyce of the flesh is neither thin nor grosse : as for nutriment and concoction , it 's like that of a Henne . Sym. Seth. It 's of good juyce , and engendreth good and laudable bloud . Some preferre it before the Partridg , others count it in the midst betwixt that and the Capon ; but Averroes prefers it before that of any foule ; yet Isaac , maketh them inferiour to the Partridg , also Elluchases counteth them lesse subtile and temperate : some say it nourisheth more ; but is lesse strengthning and restorative : And Aldrovand prefers it before the forementioned fleshes , it being of a good taste , and so more greedily received by the stomach , also it is quickly concocted , and yeelds little excrement . The eggs are next to those of Henns . Muff. They are best in winter , and when young , & they are fittest for weake stomacks . The flesh is good after recovery in hectick feavers . V. Alex. Tral . The decoction helps those that are purulent , being cleansing and loosening . Leonel . Fav . The flesh is used in remedies against the Phthisis . Villan . It 's an antidote against the virulency of the marrow of a Ram. Kiran. The bloud resists all poyson . Aeg. The fatt is used in the plaister diapyranu , the same helps the tetanos , and passion of the matrix . The gall sharpens the sight . The dung drunk , causeth erection . Gal. The fatt helps the affections of the reines . As for the description , it may be omitted . Jonst . They copulate in March and April . One Cock serveth two Henns . They lay twenty eggs . They sit once in a yeare , and hatch in thirty dayes . They rolle themselves in the dust , that they may kill their lice : And they love their owne images .

Pigeon . Columba . P. Almost every where , in England , and other places . M. Of corne , cumin , and other seeds . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Jonah . Arab. Chamamah .

Pigeon . Aldrovand . T. The old are of hard aliment , and not to be used , because of their excessive heat and drynesse . Gal. They are of a middle juyce , and the young , of a subtile chyme . Ruffus placeth them in the second order of laudable birds . Sym. Seth. They are excrementitious . Gal. the flesh is good for languishing persons . Aver . The young are hot and moist , and of grosse juyce , as may be conceived from their gravity in motion , and celerity of concoction . Aet . The flesh is used in the cold , and phlegmatick collick : Aret. And the cephalaea . Hipp. It helps the hepatick griefe . Florent . The young are good after diseases . H. they cause inflammations and feavers : Sym. Seth. They hurt the head and eyes , and cause the leprosy , if too much used ; Rhaf. and the quinsey , therefore Avicen and Rhasis grant the flesh to the cold and moist , &c. the young , are more temperate . The tame are best boiled , but the wild when rosted . Avic . The eggs are very hot , and of a badd taste . Muff. Pigeons are very hot and dry when old ; but hot and moist when young , and the wilder sort is most wholesome after flight , their foggy moisture being lessened by exercise , and are best when bleeding to death under the wing , the same rosted cause great store of bloud , increase heat in weak persons , cleanse the kidnies , and quickly restore decayed spirits , especially in phlegmatick and old persons , for whom they are most proper ; yet some use them in agues , so killed . V. Aristot . the flesh is most hot . Aldrovand . It is of harder concoction , than chickens , and generateth melancholick juyce , and is excrementitious also . Being often eaten it preventeth the plague . It helpeth the epilepsy and palsey , relaxation of the leggs , trembling , and want of sense . Cardan . The broth helps those that are cold . Amat . Lus . The parts after dissection applied presently , to the head , help those that are melancholick or foolish . Sex . Empyr . Villanov . and help all venimous wounds ; so chickens : The same help the paine of the reines , and corrupted bloud . Some commend Wild Pigeons against the gout . The flesh helps the tenesmus . The braine causeth venery : so the testicles . The bloud stoppeth bleeding at the nostrils , Gal. and helps stripes of the eyes , so the diasmyrnon of Democrates . Avic . The bloud helps the gout . Alex. Ben. The fatt helps the dysury : So the ashes of the feathers with netles . The eggs help the rhagades , and hemorrhoids . Diosc . The same help against Ceruse , being given with frankincense and the decoction of barly . Plin. The yolks cause venery . The dung is most hot ; Therefore Galen used it in phoenigms , against inveterate cold diseases . Fernel . It 's very hot , attracting rubifacient with barly meale , and discutient with vineger . Being stamped with the seed of cresses it helps old paines of the hipps , neck , loines , gout , and joynt aches . Aesculap . It easeth all griefs , and dryeth up humours . Gal. It helps old paines of the head , as the hemicrania , and cephalaea , also it 's used in paines of the eares . Marcel . Stamped with barly meale , lard , the white of an egge , and boiled , it helps the paines of the reines . With barly meale and vineger it helps all tumours . Diosc . Plin. &c. It helps carbuncles , some adde honey and oile , Marcel . and swellings behind the eares . The same openeth botches . Oribas . It whiteneth cicatrices , being mixed with frankincense , sope , fullers earth , or vineger . Plin. So with honey , and the morphew . Marcel . And all cicatrices with vineger . Plin. The same helps cornes . Furner . The distilled liquour thereof with other things , is cosmetick . Aesculap . It helps ringworms . Hipp. It helps the baldnesse of Women . Marcel . It helps the alopecia , Myrepsus also useth the same . Plin. The ashes with oile help burnings , and discusse hard swellings with barly , and dry up humours : with vineger it helps fistula's of the eyes and white spots , Galen addeth frankincense unto it : And useth it with salt and oile to discusse defluxions of the knees . Villanov . Applied it helps venimous bitings , Tarentin . and the wounds of the Forke-fish . The parts dissected and applied to the fore part of the head , help the apoplexy . The dung with Crows eggs helps the epilepsy from black choller , applied to the spleen ; using leeches before it : it attracting the matter from the head to the spleen , and so causing an ague , especially in Autumne . Myreps . Applied it helps the inflammations of the tonsils : Plin. So with dry figgs and nitre . Aret. The fine powder causeth suppuration in the quinsey : Gal. So with honey : Plin. Also with wine and oile it helps the same . Gal. Applied it helps the coeliack passion : Plin. So drunk , which some affirme concerning the collick . Avic . So used in clysters . Plin. Applied with honey it helps the iliaca passio . Gal. It helps old paines of the loines , and those of the joynts . Galen useth it with other things against the dropsy . And Myrepsus in plaisters , as also against the spleen and cachexy . Marian. Sanct. Barolitan . The powder helps the stone : So made into an Electuary with that of Mice , and hony &c. So the water . Gesn . or vineger in which it hath been infused . The fume with castor , myrrh and opopanax , brings out the dead birth . It helps the hemorrhoids . The dung of Hens is counted by some much lesse effectual ; but of the same nature , so Diosc . the ashes with honey and arsnick consume dead flesh , and help all ulcers of the feet . With vineger it helps the hemorrhoids . Schrod . The body dissected and applied , mitigateth the fiercenesse of humours , and discusseth melancholick sadnesse , used to the head ; it 's good therefore in the phrensy , cephalalgy , and gout . The warm bloud helps paines of the eyes , suffusions , and the gout . The powder of the tunicle of the stomach helps the dysentery . The dung burneth and discusseth , therefore it 's used in vesicatories , and rubifacient remedies against the gout , hemicrania , cephalaea , vertigo , and old paines in the sides , shoulders , neck , and loines ; as also in the collick , apoplexy , and lethargy &c. It 's given against the stone , from scrup. 1 to 2. Jonst . That of those that live on Mountaines is strongest . Their description is needlesse . They kisse before generation . They hatch two young-ones , and sitt both . They drink like beasts , and are troubled with fleas .

Pye . Pica . P. Almost every where , in England , and Holland , &c. M. They are amongst the Pamphaga . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Raham .

Pye . Rhas . T. the flesh is too hot , and abominable ; yet the young Ones are eaten by poor people . Demet. Constantinop . But it 's good for Hawkes . V. Aldrov . They are of a very hot temper , as may appeare by their salacity : later writers commend them being boiled and eaten , as helping the visory spirits , and the asperity , obscurity , rednesse , and pain of the eyes : Gordon . So the powder , or any way used . Ryff . So the liquour used with a linnen cloath , & the holy fire . The powder of the egges helps white spots in the eyes . Some use the parts dissected to weake joynts , others against the nyctilops , cardiack passion , melancholy of a cold cause , and canker in the yard . Kiran. The heart with ivy helps the dysury . Schrod . The powder helps the Epilepsy , so the water .

Q.
Quaile . Coturnix . P. Almost every where , in England , and Holand , &c. M. Of Millet , Wheat , and other Fruits . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Schelau . Arab. Salui . Currelius .

QUaile . Aldrov . T. the flesh being eaten often and largly of , they generate , grosse , pituitous and viscid humours , fit for the generating of Epilepsies , & spasmes , &c. But if eaten moderately , it begets good bloud ; but such as is apt to putrify , if very fat . They are most wholesome and best tasted when rosted . Manard . Muff. In the spring and summer they cause melancholy , in Autumne and winter they are too moist : they are of small nourishment , causing loathing of meat , and corruption thereof : Muff. Yet when young they are counted a good and dainty diet . V. The brain with the myrtle ointment used to the face helps the Epilepsy . Kiran. The egges drunk cause lust . Kuefn . So the fat with hellebore . Aetius useth it in pessaries to cause conception . Gesn . With myrrhe , white vitriol , and honey , it helps the eyes . Schrod . The dung helps the Epilepsy or falling sicknesse . The description is needlesse . Jonst . They are salacious like the Partridg , and breed 4 times in a yeare . They fly but little ; but runne fast , their voice is known . They love not the Pelican . Their chiefe disease , is the Epilepsy .

R.
Ring-dove . Palumbus . P. Almost every where , in England , &c. M. Of Beanes , and Acornes , and the like . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Arab. Guarascen .

RIng-dove . Muff. T. the flesh is good when young , of very good taste and nourishment . Aldrov . Yet some count it excrementitious . V. Hipp. The flesh is good for Women that have pituitous menses , it drying and binding the belly : Gal. It 's harder then that of Pigeons . Note here , the flesh of Birds is lesse nutrient , than that of beasts ; but more easily concocted , especially that of the Partridg , Heathcock , Pigeon , Hen and Cock ; but that of the Turtle , Ring-dove , and Duck , is harder , Paul . C. The first place amongst Birds is due to the young Pigeon , Heathcock , Hen , and Pheasant : the second to Thrushes , Blackbirds and Sparrows : the third to Ring-doves and the Duck : the fourth to the Peacock , and the last to the Goose and Ostrich . Mart. The flesh eaten hindereth venery . Archig . It helps those that are stomachick , Tral . Also the tympanie , Aret. And Elephantiasis , and cold and phlegmatick collick . Alex. Ben. It 's good in the time of pestilence . Hipp. It helps those that have lately conceived , and the laxity of the womb , as also the lientery . Bapt. Port. The eyes help cicatrices and ulcers of the eyes . Plin. The flesh boiled with vineger helps the dysentery and coeliack , Tormina , and contractions of the nerves . The bloud is like that of Pigeons , and helps the gout . The dung operats as that of Pigeons , and provokes urine . Schrod . So the ashes of the feathers , and help the jaundies . As for their description , they are sufficiently known . Jonst . They generate after 3. months old , after the manner of Pigeons . They build in trees , and lay twice in a yeare , 3 egges at a time . They live 30 years . Their noise is like groaning . They are simple and hate adultry .

S.
Sparrow . Passer . P. Almost every where , in England , and other places . M. Of Corne , Seeds , and Flies , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Passerculus , the Hedg-sparrow , Troglodites .

SParrow . Plat. T. the flesh is to be condemned in meat , not nourishing well , by reason of its too much heate , difficulty of concoction , and salacity : some count it hot and dry 3° . Gal. It 's harder than that of Partridges . Elluch . It bindeth , especially if leane ; but the broth looseneth the belly , it 's not good for temperate Bodies . Muff. It engendreth hot and aguish bloud . The best are the youngest , fattest , and wildest . The Red , and Hedg-Sparrows are unwholesome . V. Aldrov . H. they are naught in feavers ; yet they may be used in quartans of natural melancholy : being eaten when fat , they make salacious . So Plin. and Marcel . Especially the egges and braines , so R. Mos. Bapt. Port. Avic . Hal. &c. Some therefore preserve them with honey . The flesh is good against the Epilepsy , consuming humours by it's siccity and heate . Trall . It helps the tympany : Gal. As also the stone in the reines , and vices of the joynts . Myrepsus useth the fat in his plaister against hard swellings . Rhas . The gall applied causeth venery . Plin. The dung put into the next eare with warm oile , helps the toothach . Archig . The powder thereof drunk helps the laxation and nausiousnesse of the stomach . Kiran. And causeth falacity drunk with wine ; and applied with lard it helps the Alopecia , and breaketh carbuncles . Some use the dung in remedies against the worms , in Hawkes . That of the Hedg sparrow cleanseth the face , and extirpats varices , applied with mans spitle . Plin. The ashes of the flesh drunk with mulse water , help the jaundise , two spoonfuls being taken ; those of the young Ones with vineger help the toothach , Schrod . The Hedg sparrow breaketh and expelleth the stone . A few graines of the dung of the other loosen the belly in Children . As for the description , it 's uselesse . Jonst . As for their generation , they are most salacious , copulating 20 times in an houre . They build under the tiles of houses , or in holes in the wall , they live 3 or 4 years . They are very fearfull . They hate the Vultur and Weasel , &c.

Stare . Sturnus . P. Almost every where , in all Countries . M. Of Berries , Grapes , and almost any thing . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Sarsir . Arab. Alzarazir .

State . Aldrov . T. Some count the flesh hard , not yeelding to the stomack , with a kind of a virouse odour , especially in the time of hemlock : Platina refuseth the use of it ; yet Galen , reckons it amongst meats of good juyce , when young and feeding on Mountaines . They are best in Autumne ; so Jul. Alex. Cardan . They are to be dressed without their heads . Aver . They are hot and dry , Muff. Yet savory , and good against all poyson , so Kiran. V. Aldrovand . The dung is cosmetick : Aeg. It helps the Morphew : also it helps Ringworms ; so Gal. Diosc . Serap . Porta , as appears by its spots . It is abstersive and drying : So that of the Crocodile ; but it 's more effectual . Kiran. The flesh helps those that have drunk poyson ; Arnold . But hurts the Hemorrhoids . Jonst . They build almost like Sparrows , fly together in a round circle , and chiefely in the evening . They fear Hawks .

Storke . Ciconia . P. In Egypt and Aethiopia , and other places . M. Of Frogges , Snakes , and Fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Chasidu . Arab. Zakid .

Storke . Aldrov . T. the flesh is almost like that of the Crane , their flesh is fibrous , hard , and of bad aliment , especially the old , without spices . &c. Muff. The flesh is rather to be used as physick , than food , by reason of their evil feeding . V. Kiran. The flesh is counted good for the nerves and joynts , helping all the passions thereof , either rosted or boiled . Plin. Marcel . Also it prevents lippitude . Kiran. The ashes of the young Ones help the spots , Epiphora , and roughnesse of the eyes . Leonel . Fav . The oile helps the palsey , like that of vipers ; so the distilled liquour , after the use of the decoction of Crabs , it extending the nerves . Furnerus useth it with Camphire and the best Amber , to beautify the face . Trall . The nerves with those of the wild Asse and Bore , help the fistula's of the feet , and paines thereof . Plin. The ventricle helps against all poysons ; so the brain , with wine and spikenard . Blond . The powder of the ventricle with water , helps the pestilence of Dogges . Plin. Boiled in wine it helps fellons . Kiran. The intestines taken in meate help the collick and nephritick possion : the gall helps the sight . Diosc . The dung drunk in water helps the falling sicknesse . Aeg. And the Orthopnoea . Aetius useth it in plaisters against the gout , with axunge , so Myrepsus , & Marcellus , Kiranides addeth the leaves of henbane , and wild lettuce : also the egges with wine , blacke the haire , the forehead and eyes being covered with meale , applying oile omphacine with Boares grease after it . Aet . Apollon . The feathers cause sneezing . Schrod . The flesh is alexipharmick , and yeelds an antepileptick water . Jonst . They build in the tops of trees . They fly not when the south wind bloweth , they sleep standing upon one foot , laying the head upon the other shoulder . They are Enemies to the Quaile , Eagle , Diver , and Bats .

Swallow . Hirundo . P. Almost every where , in all Countries . M. Of most kinds of insects . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Agur. Arab. Chatas .

Swallow . Aldrov . T. The flesh is eaten by some poor people : their aliment is hot and hurtful , therefore they are to bee used physically . V. Plin. The Wild are better than the Tame . Magicians used them against quartan agues , so the heart or dung drunk in Sheepes milk . Marcel . So the stones found in their ventricles . Plin. Some weare the head in a linnen cloath against paines of the head , Marcel . So the fore mentioned stones . Gal. or the dung applied to the forehead with vineger . Jac. Olivar . Hieron . Montu . The heart helps the memory , taken with Cinamon , amomum , and aloephangin pills : Vrfin : and whet the wit . Sext. Kiran. The flesh often eaten helps the Epilepsy : Plin. Sext. So the bloud with frankincense : Myrepsus useth the fume thereof , so the ashes with those of a Weasel , so Seren. and Plin. Gesn . So with Castoreum and strong vineger : or the destilled water . Sext. Diosc . or the stone worne about the arm , so Plin. and Tral . Plin. Seren. or that found in their nests . Plin. The ashes of the young Ones , with the milk of spurge and froth of snailes , prevent haires in the eye-brows ; after evulsion . The bloud is a Psilothron . Gal. The dung with Bulls gall maketh the haires white . Oribas . The same with water helps black cicatrices ; but makes them black with Bulls gall . Marcel . So digested with vineger , anointing the face with Harts suet , and having oile in the mouth . Kiran. So the egges . Marcel . The flesh of the young ones eaten often , rosted , or boiled , helps dimme eyes . Plin. So the ashes applied with cretick honey . Sext. The same helps their paines , and lippitude , so Diosc . Sext. or the gall and bloud , Marcel . It helps the stripes and suffusions of the same , so Cels . The stones in their ventricles expel things fallen into the eyes . The brain with honey helps suffusions . Kiran. The eyes of a Swallow used to the forehead help the Ophthalmia , and all rigors of feavers . Albert. The dung helps white spots in the eyes , but it 's sharp , digesting , and burning . Gal. the ashes of the flesh with honey help the putrifaction and crusts of the bones . Aesculap . The heart helps diseases of the jaws . Myreps . The nest helps inflammations of the tonsils . So Gal. With vineger ; for that of the wild is discutient . The ashes of Swallows with honey , help all affections about the jaws , and swellings of the uvula or tonsils , so Marcel . Diosc . and Pliny . Kiran. The same helps ulcers in the throat and tongue , as also all that spread , and gangreens . Archig . The young ones rosted and eaten , prevent suffocation , and inflammations of the tonsils . Diosc . Drach . 1. Of the powder drunk in water , helps the quinsey , so Avic . and Cels . Marcel . So the broth thereof . Kiran. Or the earth of the nest applied with water ; so the plaister thereof , so Amat . Lus . Aet . The nest with honey helps the Erysipelas of the face . Some use the powder against the quinsey , either drunk or taken by a reed . Avic . The ashes used to the pallat help the quinsey . The dung is discutient : some use the ashes of the flesh , with Saffron , Indiannarde , and honey : others with myrrhe and the juyce of myrtles . Leonel . Faventinus useth it with Album graecum , and others apply it with the nest . Plin. The ashes help the eyes . Kiran. With melicrate it helps hoarsenesse also . The stones of the ventricle worne , help those that are hepatick : Gal. Those of the nests help the cough . Marcel . The dung taken helps the collick : Myresp . As also the difficulty of urine with other remedies , and the stone . Kiran. The flesh eaten facilitats the birth . The dung drunk helps white flows . Sext. Constant . The ashes with honey or mulse help ulcers of the tongue and lips , the same help old ulcers . Trall . The bloud helps the gout . The decoction helps the biting of a mad Dog . So the nest , and that of vipers . The flesh helps drunkennesse . Schrod . The dung looseneth . As for the description , it 's needlesse . They generate not like other birds , & twice in a year , laying 5 egges at a time , with duskish specks , and the young are blind , at the first . Their noise is known , they sing early in the morning , flying abroad ; but seldome goe , by reason of the weakenesse and shortnesse of their legges . They foretel raine , when they fly about lakes and water , or neer the ground . They have scarce friends or enemies , unto them .

Swan . Cygnus . P. Almost every where , and is an amphibion . M. Of Grasse , Graine , and Fish spawne , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Olor . Heb. Racham . Arab. Rakam .

Swan . Albert. T. The flesh is black and hard , as also that of all aquatick foule that have great Bodies : Aldrov . But they are counted unfit for the table upon a twofold account , sc. because they live in the water , so the flesh is excrementitious ; as also being greater than Ducks or Geese , & so are of more hard concoction ; yet the young are sometimes used in banquets : Muff. But naturally they are unwholesome . Note , all flesh the blacker it is , the heavier it is , and the whiter the lighter ; the more red , the more inclining to heavinesse ; the lesse red , the more light and easie of digestion . The flesh of the wild also , is black , melancholick , and hard of digestion , though not so hard as the tame , by reason of his much flying . V. Aet . The tender young boiled in oile are a very good remedy for the nerves ; but the fat is oftener used , Plin. It purgeth and erugates the face , Seren. And helps the Morphew : the same helps the vices of the fundament , mollifieth the hardnesse of the womb and helps the Hemorrhoids , it 's of the same nature as that of Geese . Seren. The egges help the holy fire . The skinne dressed with the downe helps concoction , used to the breast . Schrod . And helps the collick . The fat mollifieth and attenuats . The description may be omitted , Jonst . Before the time of pleasure , they bend their necks together , and after they often cleanse themselves in the water . They bring forth in the spring . They swim slowly by reason of the weight of their bodies . Their voice is known , they fly in a cuneons figure . Some affirme they live 200 years . They sometimes so fight , that they kill one an other , and spoile their egges . They are enemies to Serpents . They foretell faire weather , when they thrust their necks deep into the water .

T.
Thrush . Turdus . P. Almost every where , in England , and other places . M. Of Hawes , Sloes , Misleberries , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cichla . Alchamari Sylvat .

THrush . Gal. T. The flesh is of of laudible nourishment , of neither thick or thin juyce . Bapt. Fier . It 's hotter than that of the Black-bird , and preferd by many . Muff. When young they are wholesome . Aldrov . The flesh rosted with myrtle Berries , helps the fluxe of the belly , Plin. And the dysentery , and urine . Alex. Ben. Steeped in vinger they help the plague . Their description is needlesse . Jonst . They build in the tops of bushes : Their voice is sufficiently known .

Turkie . Meleagris . P. In Boeotia . Arabia . England , and other places . M. Of Graine , and other things . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Gallina Africana , & Numidica .

Turkie . Aldrov . T. The flesh is very pleasant and dainty , yeelding much and lasting aliment , if well concocted . Muff. They are best after hung up 24. houres in their feathers , and when young , the flesh recovereth strength , nourisheth plentifully , kindleth lust , & agreeth with every temper & complexion , except too hot , or troubled with rheumes and gouts . It becommeth of more speedy digestion , If stuck with cloves , and well rosted .

Turtle-dove . Turtur . P. In Aethiopia , Peru , and other places . M. Of Fruits , Olives , Milium , and Accorns . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Tor. Arab. Saphnina .

Turtle . Aldrov . T. The flesh is very acceptable . They are more hot and dry than Quailes ; But not of grosse or thinne juyce , especially when young , and are called wise mens meat . Muff. Avic . The flesh is of good nourishment , easily digested , quickning the wit and memory , increasing sperme , and strengthning both the stomach , and intestines ; but Isaac understandeth this of the young ones . V. Aldrov . Some commend the flesh in the time of pestilence : Archig . It helps the stomach . Tral . As also the collick , tympany , and nephritick passion . It helps the dysentery , especially the bloud . Avic . Used warme it helps the paines of the eares . Plin. The dung extenuats white spots in the eyes , Kiranides useth it with honey , so Marcel . Boiled in mulse , and applied as a cerot , it helps the belly and reines . Myreps . Drach . 1. Thereof drunk with honey helps those that cannot make water . Gal. And the stone with mulse . Plin. So the broth . Durantes useth it to facilitate the birth . Georg. Pictor . The flesh rosted helps the flux of the belly . Mizaldus useth the heart against venery . Schrod . The Turtle agreeth with the Pigeon . It helps the flux of the menses , the ashes or extract being used . Forrest . The fat is used to the belly , reines , groine , and breast , &c. Some count them good against the Gout . They are like Pigeons ; but lesser . Jonst . They generate like the Ring-doves , and bring forth twice in a year , after a quarter of a year old : they both sit on the egges , & they build in trees . They live 8 years , make a groaning noise , fly & run swiftly , & love the Parret , Black-bird & Peacock , but not the Crow . They love not second Wedlocks .

V.
Vulture . Vultur . P. In Creete , Arabia , and other places . M. Of dead Bodies , and Birds . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Ajah . Arab. Rachame .

VUlture . Aet . T. V. the flesh is used with other things , against the Elephantiasis , abscesses , botches , swellings of the Body , steatoms , the fellon , bronchocele , and all malignant risings in any part of the Body , as also the gout and convulsion . Gal. The braine used to the head and temples helps the headach . Aret. Being eaten it helps the Epilepsy . Kiran. Used to the belly it causeth sterility . Albert. The stone Quandros is found therin , the vertues of which , see in my Pammineralogie . Pliny useth the lungs to cause venery , and stop bleeding with other things . Anon. It , as also the heart helps the Epilepsy . Plin. So the liver drunk with the bloud , Sext. Aesculap . Being used seven dayes . Seren. It helps the paine of the liver : and is a prophy lactik against the bitings of Serpents . Plin. The ventricle helps the nerves . Seren. The gall helps the eyes and cleanseth the same , as also the falling sicknesse . Marcellus and Pliny , adde honey : And Gallen addeth the juyce of hore-hound . Marcel . The reines stamped with honey and applied , help the tonsils . Diosc . The fume of the dung bringeth forth the Foetus . Sext. So the feathers , Plin. And drive away Serpents . Kiran. The same helps the Lethargy , suffocation of the womb , and phrensey . Rhas . The fat hath a dissolving faculty . Plin. With the belly dryed , and lard , it helps the pains of the nerves and nodes : Marcel . As also the gout with the gall and honey . The ashes of the bones help all ulcers , Kiran. And paines with wine : some use those of the head against the headach and dimnesse of sight . Rhas . The legge helps excoriations of the leggs . Alex. Ben. The skinne helps concoction . Levin . Levin . The same helps nauseousness , stops fluxes , & helps levity of the intestines , strengthening the natural faculties . Tral . The nerves help the gout . Plin. The bloud helps the Leprosy . Schrod . The flesh helps the head . Jonst . They are like Eagles . Their bills are crooked , the neck without feathers , the throat large . The legges feathered , and the claws crooked . When they want meate for their young Ones , they wound themselves , that they may drink their bloud . They live an 100 years . They looke towards the Sun setting in the morning , & towards the rising at night . They will smell dead carcases many miles . They fly slowly , by reason of the greatnesse of their Bodies , and together . They shunne cold , follow armies , and hate sweet things . Their diseases are obstructions of the liver , and lice .

W.
Wood-cock . Gallinago . P. Almost every where in Hedges , and Bushes , in the winter . M. Of Wormes , and the Like food . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Perdix rustica . Gallinella .

WOod-cock . Anton. Gaz. Pat. T. They are of the nature and temperament of Partridges ; so Savon . They are better also in the Winter , than in the Summer , they being then fattest . So Villanov . Gesn . V. The ashes of the flesh , being burned in an earthen pot , help the stone . They are taken by nets , in Cock shoots .

Brids lesse used in meat or Medicine .

CAstrel . Tinnunculus . Aldrov . T. V. Plin. The dung helps white spots in the eyes .

Clotbird . Coccothraustes . Aldrov . T. The flesh is used in meate , it 's sweet , grateful , and not disaproved of . They feed upon Olives and Berries ; but chiefely on Cherries and their Kernels :

Curines . Arquatae Ornithol . ( i. e. ) Gesn . They are preferd before Hens : the flesh is solid , dry , and almost like that of hares . Bell. It 's like that of Deere ; but it 's a dainty in France . Bell. They live on Worms .

Feldefare . Turdus exoticus . T. V. Muff. They feed like Thrushes , and give ( almost ) as good nourishment . Yea better , when juniper Berries are ripe , all their flesh being then perfumed therewith .

Goldfinch . Carduelis . T. V. Platin. The flesh if fat , and before breeding is of good aliment ; but Wecker disaproveth of it ; yet Kiranides useth it rosted , against the Iliack and collick passion .

Godwit . Fedoa . Muff. T. When fat it 's a light and fine meat , they are a fenny fowl , and live of Worms , about River banks : they are plentiful in Lincolneshire .

Gluts . Muff. Glottides . T. V. They are of no bad taste or evill nourishment . They feed in the fennes upon red feedes , bents and wormes .

Howlet . Vlula . Aldrov . T. V. the flesh being boiled in oile , with Sheeps butter and honey , helpeth ulcers . The gall helps white spots in the eyes , suffusions , and the dimnesse of fight ; Plin. So the fat .

Hickwal , Jynx . Hieron . Trag. T. The flesh is eaten , and of no unplesant taste .

Jay . Gracculus . Albert. T. the flesh is eaten after excoriation : They are eaten by the rusticks , in France , yet Aldrovand , saith little of the taste of the flesh . Muff. It 's of bad nourishment , causing the Epilepsy : they feed upon mast , and wormes , &c.

Jack Daw. Monedula , Muff. T. The nourishment is as bad as their conditions , their feeding is sufficiently known .

Ibis . Albert. T. The flesh and egges are venimous : Kiran. But they rather drive away Serpents . Plin. The ashes of the flesh drunk , help the tormina . The feathers resist Serpents . The dung is a substitute for the leaves of the wild Fig-tree .

Lapwing . Vannellus . Aldrov . T. V. Some , buy , eate , and commend the flesh ; yet Rhasis counts the same anstere . V. Marcel . The ashes drunk with wine help the Colon : a calaplasme thereof helps the bitings of mad Dogs . Plin. The heart helps paines of the sides . The bloud applied to the temples causeth in sleep to see wonderfull things . The fume of the feathers expels worms . The tongue helps oblivion . The skinne helps the head-ach . Rhas . The eye helps the Leprosy .

Martinet . Apos . Aldrov . T. They are not unpleasant when fat : the young ones are dear at Bononia . Plin. In wine they help the tormina .

Mavisse . Turdela Anglicana . Muff. T. When young fat and in season , they are wholesome meate . They feed upon hawes , sloes , misle and privet Berries .

Osprey . Haliaetus . Aldrov . T. The flesh is not in much use . V. Plin. The gall with attick honey , helps wefts , dimnesse and suffusions of the eyes ; yet some attribute this to that of the common Eagle .

Ox-eye . Parus Major . Muff. T. Their flesh is unwholesome , they feed as ordinary Titmise doe , upon caterpillers , blossoms of trees , bark-worms , and flies .

Phenicopter . Phoenicopteros . Aldrov . T. The tongue , and brain , were chiefely used in meat . The cookery may be seen in Apicius .

Percnopter . Percnopteros . Avic . The gall with oile of violets helps the paine of the head . As an errhine , it helps flatulency in Children . The alcohol with cold water helps white spots in the eyes . The gall used outwardly helps the bitings of the Scorpion and Viper . Diosc . Serap . The fuffumigation of the dung expels the Foetus .

Pelecan . Pelecanus . Aldrov . T. The flesh is hard , excrementitious , and of a strong nature . V. Kiran. The gall mixed with nitre whiteneth black cicatrices , taking away and cleansing all the blacknesse : the same gall whiteneth rusty silver .

Plover . Pluvialis . Gesn . T. The flesh is very pleasant , and better than the green Lapwing . Bellon . And much eaten in France . Muff. It 's best when fat , in the winter-time .

Parret . Psittacus . Christ . Columb . T. The inhabitants of Grachane , count the flesh when fatted , very acceptable .

Poole-suite . Totanus . Muff. T. They have a strong and unpleasant rellish , and live wholly upon fish .

Puffins . Pufina Brit. Muff. T. They are of ill taste , and worse digestion ; how dainty soever they seem to strainge appetites , and are permitted by Popes to be eaten in Lent .

Railes . Rallae . Muff. T. Those of the Land may be placed next the Partridge , for their flesh is as sweet , as their feeding good , and are therefore preferred to noble mens tables . The water Railes are preferred in Italy before Thrushes , or Quailes . They feed upon water-snailes and water-flies , and the worms breeding in the roots of reeds : they are very sweet and pleasant of taste , yeelding a fine and wholesome nourishment .

Redshanks . Erythropodes . Muff. These , as also Gluts , feed in the fennes upon red seeds , bents , and worms , and are of no bad taste , or evil nourishment . Redlings or water red-shanks , feed as water Railes , and are of the like nourishment .

Robin-red brest : Rubecula . Muff. T. Is esteemed a light and good meat : they feed upon Bees , Flies , Gnats , Wallnuts , Nuts , and crummes of bread .

Rooks. Corvi leguminales . Muff T. They cannot bee ill meat , when they are young ; feeding chiefely upon Corne ; but their skinne is tough , black , and bitter .

Sea Pye . Picus marinus . D. Cai. T. The flesh is of a bad taste , they feed upon Spawn , Frogs , and Frie of Fish .

Sea-mew . Larus . Aldrov . T. The flesh is leane , black , of a stinking smell , and almost abominable . V. Cael. Aurel. The dry braine smelled to by infants helps the Epilepsy , so taken with mulse and vineger by the adult . Kiran. It 's of the nature of the King-fisher , and the heart facilitats Child birth . The venter dry , causeth concoction , being tasted of .

Shovelar . Platea . Muff. T. They are not inferiour to fatted Gulls , being dieted with good meat . They feed upon Shell-fish .

Smirings . Ochropodes . Muff. They are a fine and delicate meat , they live in waterish copses with worms .

Snite . Sneppa . Albert. T. The flesh is sweet . Gesn . yet not so good as Partridge . Muff. They are of so light digestion and good in temperature , that they agree with most mens stomacks , especially a month after their first comming ; they are dryer and worse at their departure , they require not so strong a stomach as the Woodcock . They live upon worms , which they get out of their holes by blowing into them .

Stone Chatters . Arquatulae ter . Muff. T. They are of a very good taste and juyce . They feed as Witwals .

Teales and Widgins . Querquedulae . Muff. T. Commonly they are very fat and sweet of taste , much better than wild Ducks or Geese ; yet suspected of ill juyce by many . They feed upon worms , herbs , roots , and seeds .

Titmouse . Parus . Aldrov . Gesn . T. They are eaten , though not very pleasant . Some say it hath the vertues of Galgulus . Schrod . The flesh helps the stone and collick .

Wagge-taile . Motacilla . Leonel . Fav . The ashes bring forth the stone . Drach . 1. Being taken in white wine or saxifrage water . So Nic. Mas. Gesn . Villan . Auth. Lum . Ma. Alex. Ben. and Schroder .

Witwall . Oriolus , Muff. T. The flesh is of excellent good nourishment , feeding upon all manner of good fruit .

Wood-pecker . Merops . Aldrov . T. It 's not good as meate , Rhas . Gesn . The flesh is austere and hard of concoction . V. it helps inflammations . The gall with galls and oile omphacine , blacks the haire . Kiran. The heart causeth love . Being eaten it helps the cardiack , icterick and stomachick . The gall with honey and the juyce of rue , helps suffusions of the eyes .

Wren . Regulus . Muff. T. They yeeld no good nourishment . V. Their flesh salted cureth strangulions , and the stone . They feed upon flies .

Yellow-hammer . Galgulus . Muff. T. In the winter time being fat , they are counted , wholesome , at other times they are leane and bitter . They feed upon seeds and graine .

Ossifrage . Gesn . Ossifragus . T. V. the belly dryed and drunk helps concoction . The intestine applied , helps the collick . Tral . The ashes help the Epilepsy , and stone , and provoke urine with wine . The gall helps the Leprosy . The dung dry , and drunk , helps concoction , as also the stone and dysury ; so the Harpe .

Avis Daje . T. V. the egges rosted or boiled are of fat aliment ; if fried , bad , and hardly concocted .

Mayae . Jonst . T. V. Are of pleasant and much nourishment .

Hoactzin . T V. The bones help paines of the body . The ashes of the feathers , help the french pocks , taken .

Aura . Jonst . T. The flesh eaten helps the french disease ; the ashes of the feathers hinder haire . The dung helps melancholy , and the flesh is sweet .

Cozquauktli . T.V. The flesh is not much used , the feathers help ulcers , and the flesh the french pocks .

Quetzaltototl . V. The feathers are very dear .

Picicitli . T. V. Is acceptable to the stomach , so Chicuatli .

Tomejus . T. V. The powder taken helps the Epilepsy .

Acacalotl . T. V. Yeelds good nourishment , but thick .

Jacacintli . T. V. Is edible ; but not good , so Achalalactli . and Amalozque .

Flamenco De Laet. T. Is of good nourishment .

Curicaca . T. The flesh is good fried with butter , so Jaribuguacu . Cariama is good : and Maguari , edible ; so Guarauna & Aiaia , Cocoi and Mareca : the rest are of little use , or fabulous .

ICHTHYOLOGIA , Of Fishes .
A.
Anchovae . Encrasicholus . P. In Provence , Sardinia , and other places . M. They feed about reedy banks . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Felliceps . Lycostomus .

ANchovaes . Aldrov . T. They are of a very pleasant taste , help decayed appetites , attenuate thick phlegme , loosen the belly , and help phlegmatick agues . Muff. They are fittest for stomachs oppressed with flegme , they cutting , ripening and digesting it , and warming the stomach exceeding well . They are of little nourishment ; but very light if not over salted . They are best , dressed with oile , vineger pepper , and dryed organy , having the outward skin and ridgbone taken away , so washed in wine and laid in the dish . They are to be powdered with salt , wine-vineger and origanum , and so barreled up . Their description is needlesse . Jonst . Their name , they have from the bitternesse of their heads , as is plaine . Bell. Therefore it 's to be pulled off with the gall . They are taken in the night , by the light of the ships .

B.
Barbel . Barbo . P. In rivers , as nere Oxford , and other places . M. Of reits , snailes , fishes and dead bodies . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Barbus fluv . Mystus . Mustacatus .

BArbel . Card. T. Is very base ; being good neither cold or hot , boiled or rosted ; so Plat. Aldrov . Yet being taken in a gravelly river , and cleane , they taste well , are render , easy of concoction , and of good juyce , then the flesh being white and tender , yet full of bones . Salv. They taste best in spring , Auson . and are best when biggest . Rondel . They are best boiled with their scales on . If rosted they are often to be irrorated with sharp vineger , and oile , with a sprig of sage . If fried they are to be sprinkled with the juyce of an orange Plat. H. Their eggs or spawn are poysonsome , troubling the belly & subverting the stomach , especially in May. Causing inflations , swounings , and unequal temper of body , with the cholerick passion . Muff. The fish is cold , moist , hurtful to the sinews , and quencheth lust . It may be sod with vineger , time , and savory . Jonst. They live under high banks : and love the Scate .

Bleye . Alburnus . P. In most large rivers , In England and other countries . M. Of wormes , and flies , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Scaverdinus . Arborinus .

Bley , or Bleak . Muff. T. They are soft fish , but never fatt , fitter to nourish pikes than men : in the summer time they being troubled with a worme in their stomachs , like that growing in Oxes skinns , fall mad and frantick : Therefore they are counted tender , but never wholesome . Sea Bleakes are called Variatae also , changing with every light and object , like changeable silk , Muff. T. They are as sound , firme and wholesome as any Carp , therefore they are best sodden . They are called Sea Chameleons also , and are plentiful about the Southern Seas , betwixt Rye and Exceter .

Bream . Abramis . P. In clayey rivers , and pooles : in England , and other places . M. Of mud and herbs . N. Scardula . Cyprinus latus . Rond .

Bream . Plat. T. Being boiled any way , they are insipid , and troublesome to eat , by reason of their bones . Gesn . Yet they are esteemed of by some . They may be broiled on a gridiron , or baked with spices , so Aldrov . Muff. Breames seem no other than flatt Carps , yet they are whiter , and of finer nourishment . The Cud-breame , called Scarus ruminans , seeming to chew the cud , T. this of all other is the lightest , sweetest , and best fish of the river , fitter for weak and sick persons , than such as are in health , being so fine . They are best boiled alive , with a nutmeg in their throat , in white strong vineger and stale ale , with salt , mints , organy , parsly , and rosemary . Breams of the Sea . Muff. T. Are of a white and solid substance , good juyce , easy digestion and good nourishment .

C.
Carpe . Cyprinus . P. In rivers , ponds , and lakes in the deep . M. Of mudd , fishes , and excrements . M. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Lepidotus . Bulbulus . Carpa .

CArpe . Aldrov . T. They have a soft , moist , glutinouse , and in sipid flesh . Yet differing according to their places . Those that are in rivers nere towns , are of bad juyce : Yet some like them because they are fatt and large ; but those are better that live in swift running streams , those that live in standing waters are more muddy . Albert. It 's a fatt , sweet , and soft fish ; but not wholesome . Jov. They have a humid substance , yet harmelesse , abounding with an aqueous humidity , so they are neither the best or worst fishes . They are best in March , and the male is better than the female , and the white than the yellow . The spawn serveth to make red Caviare of . Muff. The middle sized is ever best , agreeing with all times , ages , and complexions . The tongue is most nourishing , the spawn heavy and unwholesome , the fish sweet , and nourishing ; and is best when boiled ; yet some bake them with spice , fruit , and butter , the head of which is most esteemed ; as the taile of a Pike , and the belly of a Bream , for their tendernesse , shortness and well relishing . Gesn . The fatt helps paines in hot griefes . Kiran. The same causeth venery , and conception , being applied : The gall helps dimnesse of the eyes . Jov. The tongue increaseth venery . Rondel . The stone in the head helps the heate of feavers , quenching thirst , and cooling : some Affirme that being held in the mouth it stops bleeding at the nose . Schrod . It helps the collick , stone , and falling sicknesse ; so the two stones above the eyes . Jonst . They are best when fresh , and somewhat like a Salmon or Trout .

Cooke-fish . Merula . P. Amongst rocks , and in holes . M. Of the same , as the Thrush-fish . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Merulus , Tinca marina . Aspratilis piscis .

Cooke-fish . Plin. T. It 's mentioned amongst laudable fishes , being tender , soft , and of easy concoction : it nourishes little , and begetteth good juyce . V. Being sod they help such as have feavers . Tral . It 's good for such as have the epilepsy , and the hepatick dysentery , of a cold cause , as also the Thrush-fish & Mullet . Plin. They help the heat of the liver . Gal. They are not only easily concocted ; but very wholesome , and cause bloud of a midle consistence . Salv. In white broth they help those that are sick . By those that are well they may be eaten fried with oile . Muff. They have their name , seeming to season themselves with salt and spices when sod . And their Latin name , because alwayes alone . Jonst . They are like Tenches . They are taken by angling with Shrimps , which they hate .

Cocks , &c. Pectines . P. In Normanie , in sandy places . M. Of little Cuttles , and other smal fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Novacula , Plin. Pavo Gesn .

Cocks , and Cokles . Scrib. Larg . T. Strengthen the stomach . Plin. They increase flesh , Muff. and lust . Being of so hot a nature , that they fly above the water like an arrow , in the summer nights . Alex. Ben. Some by too much eating of them have become fooles . Their broth looseneth the body ; but their substance stayeth it . Gal. They are very good meat , but bad for such as are troubled with the stone or epilepsy . They are best in May , being then fullest , lustiest , and cleanest of gravel , which they may be made to cast out by keeping them a day in brine , renewing the same . The greatest and whitest are the best , and best fried ; but good also , sod in water with salt , pepper , parsly , dried mints and cinnamon , after the French fashion . The Cockles are called Pectunculi . Jonst. V. They are easier of concoction than Oisters , and provoke urin . They nourish best , rosted in their shels , and helpe the collick . Muff. Scalopes , Pectines veneris , are of the same nature .

Crab. Cancer . P. In soft and stony places , in England and other places . M. Of shelfishes and the polypus . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 .

Crab. Jonst . T. Their substance is hard , therefore they are hardly concocted ; but of firme aliment ; so Gal. Athen. &c. V. Plin. They help the bitings of Serpents , they help carbuncles in the privities of Women , with salt . Their juice boiled in vineger helps the strangury . Their juyce with the distilled water of the flowers of blewbottles , facilitates the breeding of teeth in young children . The powder of Ranzovius helps dissections of the nerves . Schrod . Crabs refrigerate , moisten , ease paine , & fixe troubled spirits : therefore they are of very good use in heat , and paine of the head and reines applied as a cataplasme . The juyce helps the quinsey . Taken with the water of celondine it helps the atrophy . Applyed they draw out arrows and splinters . They help S. Anthonies fire and burnings . The eyes or stones , coole , dry , cleanse , discusse , breake the stone , and resolve tartar and coagulated bloud : therefore they are of great use in pleuresies , asthma's , and the collick , &c. the powder thereof being taken crude , or burnt and prepared : the same cleanseth the teeth . The shell is of the same vertue ; and also helps the itch in children ; caused by salt humours , being applied with oile of roses : it driveth away the paroxismes of intermitting feavers . They are best when new . The ashes of Crabs is drying ; it helps against the biting of mad Doggs , Being taken with the root of gentian . With honey it helps the clefts of the feet and fundament , and warts thereof . The same helps the dysentery . The D. is a little sponeful for some considerable time . The water of Crabs is diuretick , lithontriptick , and dipsosbestick . That of Querc . Pharm . Rest . Helpeth inflammations , burnings , and cancers ; especially if impregnated with the fatt . Hart. in pract . The D. of the oile of the eyes is g. foure to six . Of the claws hereof , &c. is made the Gascoigns powder . Pharm . L. Crabs of the Sea . Muff. The great ones are called Paguri , and the best sort thereof Hippeis . The little sort , are called Pinnotheres , defending themselves by Oisters . These of all , are the lightest and wholesomest , next to them are the ordinary Crabs , but of harder digestion : both nourish much , and help consumptions of the lungs and spitting of bloud , so Diosc . Plin. Avic . &c. Especially Asses milk being drunk with them . They are to be sodden in water ( having their vents stopped , ) for such as are costive , and in wine if loose : the femal having spawn are best . The greater Sea Crabs , either smooth or rough , are strong and lushish , of hard digestion , overheating and inflaming the body ; but the lesser coole and moisten : the brooth of all of them consumes the stone , and helps quartans drunk every morning fasting . They are best in season at the spring and fall , as also at the full of the moon . Jonst . drach 2. of Sea Crabs drunk in nurses milk help the strangury in children : Avic . As also quartans , the itch , weeping of the eyes , Plin. and cankers . The River Crabs , are edible at any time , but are best in summer . Avic . Being eaten with barley water they help those that are hectick . V. They have the same vertues as the rest , for the most part . Their ashes help against all poysons , especially of the Scorpion , with milk , so Plin. and Diosc . Aeg. And of vipers in wine . The same helps the bitings of a mad Dog . Galen useth them with asarum to draw out water , and Hippocrates for the womb . That called Majas is dressed as the former . Their description is needlesse , being a round , large shell-fish . They copulate by the sore part , they goe thwartwise , they fight like Rams , and feed on Oisters &c. by casting in a stone when they open themselves . They lie hid when they cast their shells .

Cramp-fish . Torpedo . P. In Nilus , and muddy places of the Sea . M. They feed on fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Stupefactor . Stupescor .

Cramp-fish . Gal. T. This as also the Forkfish , amongst those that are Cartilagineous , have soft and pleasant flesh , and meanly passing through the belly , and easily concocted : also they nourish meanly , as also all others that have soft flesh . They are used sometimes in steed of the saxatile fishes , and to help the epilepsy . Plat. Athen. The first is a very acceptable fish . Epicharm . The least are best . Hices . Their cartilage is very acceptable to the stomach , the rest yeeldeth but little juyce . Diph. It is of hard concoction , except those parts that are about the head , which are render , acceptable to the stomach , and easily concocted . Yet Rondelerius disliketh the use thereof , it being of ill juyce , unpleasant , moist , soft , and fungous , though some eate the hinder parts thereof with garlick and onions , amongst poore people . Diphilus commends them boiled , and Archestratus boileth them in oile and wine with sweet smelling herbs , and a little cheese . Gal. But if they are used as attenuating diet , they are to be taken with beets stamped , or white broth , with a leeke and a little pepper , otherwise they are commonly fried , and eaten being sprinkled with the juyce of an orange . V. Plin. Being eaten they loosen the belly , Hipp. and help the hepatick disease being boiled , as also the Forkfish , and small Raies . The same helps the third kind of tabes , so the Skate . Being rosted they help the dropsy . Diosc . Applied to the head , they help old paines thereof , and restraine the falling out of the fundament ; so Gal. Aeg. Avic . and Kiran. Marcel . Empyr . sc. the Black applied alive , till the part be torpid . The same helps the gout being trod on till the stupidity reacheth the knee . Aet . They help inflammations and paines , Being boiled in oile ; and used with a little wax and oile it helps the gout . Aegineta maketh his diaturpane hereof ; and Myrepsus plaisters for the same purpose , some also use it with daffodils . Aldrov . Some substitute the Tench unto it . Hol. The gout also may be cured by putting the part into snow water , after anointing it with petroleum . Aelian . Being putrified in vineger it is a psilothron , Plin. so the braine with alum . Aet . The skinne applied helps the falling out of the matrix . Plin. The gall used to the geniral hindereth venery , when newly taken . Jonst . As for their description , they are black or reddish , with or without spots , their body is all orbicular , except the taile , they weigh about 6. pounds , their skin is slippery , black and yellowish , their mouth is upwards and little , so their eyes . They have no tongue , but gills in the midst of their bodies . They have two fins nere the taile , and a cartilage within . They bring forth eighty young , and hide themselves in the mud to stupify fishes , &c. which they doe at a distance .

Crevisse . Astacus . P. In brooks , lakes , and rivers , in England , &c. M. Of fish , waterherbs , clay , and flesh . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Caranides . Locustella .

Crevisse . Muff T. These as also Shrimps , are used for queasy stomachs . They are a fine temperate and nourishing meat , they are best from the spring until autumne , and at the full of the Moone , also the females are better than the males ; for consumptive persons , they are first to be washed in barly water , and then to be sodden in milk till they be tender , being first discaled , and the long gut pulled out by the midle finne in the taile . They are to be sod in water with salt , being first dieted with crummes of white bread in a cistern , for three or foure dayes . Jonst . They are hardly concocted , and send cold and moist vapours to the head . V. They are used against the bitings of mad doggs , the phthisick , hectick feaver , retention of urin , the stone , inflammation of the tongue and throat , as also the cancer in the duggs . The distilled liquour thereof , with that of endive , roses , and erratick poppies , helps the quinsey ; the tongue being washed therewith , and a draught drunk : also the tongue being anointed with lard , and the juyce thereof being still used . Hartman prepareth them against the cancer of the duggs . Their stones are diuretical , expel agues , and are vulnerary , so Helmont . They are used also against the stone , with the stones of peaches and medlars : And against clotted bloud , with the coles of the Line tree quenched in vineger , &c. Their description is needlesse . They generate by ascension , and bring forth spawn by the fundament , which sticks to the taile , often till animated . They lye hid in the winter , and they have antipathy to Hogs .

Crowfish . Coracinus . P. In the Sea and Rivers , chiefely in Nilus . M. Their meat is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Corvulus . Gracculus .

Crowfish . Aldrov . T. That of Nilus is reckoned amongst the better sort of fishes , but the Marine is lesse acceptable . The black also is better than the white , and the boiled than the rosted , agreeing better with the stomach and belly . So Diph. Aristot . And they are both best , when they are great with spawn . They are to be boiled in white wine , water and vineger ; and to be eaten with the juyce of sorrel or vineger . They may be kept longer with vineger , and a little pepper , with the leaves of bayes , myrtles or walnuts . Salv. Or they may be put into hot oile , and being seasoned with salt and vineger may be put into barrels , having myrtle leaves stratified . V. Rond . The stones in the head help the nephritick pain or collick , and the jaundise . They help the stone of the reines , by drying up the phlegme , or dryving it out by its weight , like the Jews or Lynces Stone . Jonst . Hices . they nourish little , are easily evacuated , and of indifferent good juyce . As for the description , it 's about a foot long and black . They are great in autumne , and are best in a squalid yeare . Coel. Rhod. And help against the pismires of trees .

Curre . Cuculus . P. They are to be had , betwixt Brasil and Portugal . M. Their meat is not observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Coccygium : their noise , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 .

Curre . Aldrov . T. It is a sweet fish , but not the best , it hath much flesh , white , hard , and dry , so Philot. Diph. yet it 's preferred before the Sea Kite , as lesse hard , and being friable . Hipp. They are good in pituitous and grosse diseases , as also the Scorpion , Dragon , Callionimus and Gudgion . Epicharm . Dor. They are to be broiled , after dissection , and seasoned with parsly , cheese , silphium , salt , and oile , and sprinkled with vineger . Rond . The greater may be fried , those of Montpelier boile them in water & wine , and eate them with vineger or the juyce of sorrel , or with oile omphacine , saffron , pepper , and the leaves of parsly , sc. being seasoned therewith . Jonst . As for the description . The whole fish is round , carnose , and not above three pounds weight . The back is bald , the head great , bonie , angulous , and prickly . The nose hath two long eminencies , the jaws serve as teeth , the belly is plain , the head , back , sides , and finns are red , The ventricle is carnose , the intestines broad , and fatt , the liver whitish without a gall : And the spleen is red and little . When taken they make a noise like Cuckowes .

Cuttle . Sepia . P. Their abiding is in the septentrional Ocean . M. Of little fishes , and the Mullet . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Theb. Opistholia . Arab. Sarathan .

Cuttle . Jonst . T. They ware and are still used as meat , they are best when great , chiefely in January , February , and March . For the most part they are boiled , and are better than the rosted , in Illyria the greater are salted , and are thence carried to Venice . Some use them with nuts to cause venery , the spawn may be fried . Sym. Seth. They are hardly concocted , and have little juyce . V. Gal. With the shells of eggs and oile they help the tooth-ach . Hipp. They are often used in Womens diseases . Cels . Diosc . Their ink mollifieth the belly . Plin. The spawn provoketh urin . Marcel . And takes away tinctures and spots in the skinn . The bones are used in dentifrices : Gesn . and drunk in water help the vices of the breast . Schrod . The bone dryeth and cleanseth , sc. the powder , it helps spotts , moist itch , and the eyes applied with honey . It helps swollen gumms in dentifrices ; it helps the asthma : taken , it stops the gonorrhoea , it expels the stone , and provoketh urin : the D. is scrup . 1. The spawn cleanseth the reines and ureters , and provokes the termes . Jonst. As for the description , they agree very much with the Poulp and Calamire . They generate by embraces , in the spring , and goe fifteen dayes , their eggs are first white , till they put forth their black liquour thereon , and the male ejaculats his sperm . The young are excluded as birds . The males are known as being rougher . The male helps the females : and being in dainger , they cast forth their atrament . They catch fishes , after the manner of angling , by letting down a line , as it were , from the neck , with a crooke at the end of it .

D.
Dace . Leuciscus . P. In most rivers , in great streames . M. Of red worms , Cod-worms , maggets , and young wasps , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Leucorinus . Albicella . Vindosa .

DAce . Muff. T. Is of a sweet taste , a soft flesh , and good nourishment , either sod , or broiled ; or pickled like Anchovaes after the Italian manner , Aldrov . Gal. So they loose what is mucous and virulent . Some catch them and use them like Herrings . Bell. Gesn . They are best in April and May , as also in February . In Italy they take them chiefely in the winter . Grapald . They are good rosted , and seasoned with salt , vineger , oile olive , pepper and cinnamon . V. Rondel . The fatt helps paines of the eares , and mixed with the gall cleanseth the dimnesse of the eyes . As for the description it 's needlesse . Jonst . In the summer they have worms in them , and are unwholsome . They spawn in June , and copulate with the Carp . Muff. Those of the Sea called Javelings are of the same nature .

Dog-fish . Canis cetaceus . P. In the deep Sea , and neere the shore . M. Of flesh and fishes , which they catch by craft . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Canis Carcharias , & branchiatus .

Dog-fish . Rond . T. The flesh is white , and not of a ferine taste . Mnesith . It 's of easie concoction . Gal. It 's hard and excrementitious , yet eaten by the Country folks , being salted ; but it's mucons and of an unpleasant taste , therefore they are eaten with mustard , or some sharp sauce . Also when salted it engendreth melancholy bloud . Alex. Ben. It , as also the condemned meats , sc. the Hoggs , Cows , Asses , Doggs , Dog-fishes , and all cetaries salted , have made many Idiots . V. Their teeth are set in silver , to cause dentition , as many think . Rond . the same are used as dentifrices ; by their asperity to whiten the teeth , and by their drynesse to preserve and strengthen the same . The fatt may be used in steed of that of the Crocodile : and used in a gargarism with water and vineger it helps the tooth ach . Some weigh foure thousand pound : as for the description , their skin is rough , their mouth supine , head great , teeth triangular , eyes great and round , and the optick nerves hard , and the taile of a cubit long , so Jonst .

Dolphin . Delphinus . P. They are to be found , in most places of the Sea . M. They live of fishes , for the most part . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Porcus Marinus . Delphis . Berellus .

Dolphin . Albert. T. They are not eaten by the Italians ; but by the Germans , Rondel . And are of great account amongst the French . Therefore they are sent to Lyons , having a hard flesh , & such as will not soon putrify . The most useful parts are the liver and tongue . The liver is of a tender substance ; but of evil juyce ; the tongue is more tender and fatt , and to be prefered before the liver . Card. The bowels are like violets , both in taste and smell . V. Plin. The ashes of the fish applied with water help the leprosy and ringworms , cicatrizing the same . Kiran. The liver rosted and eaten helps tertians and quartans : Plin. so taken before the fit ; or the fatt anointed : The same drunk with wine helps the dropsy . The fume helps the strangulation of the womb . The ashes of the teeth with honey , cause dentition , and helpe feares . Kiran. The powder of the belly helps the spleen . As for the description , they have a flat nose ; a moveable , short , broad , and carnose tongue ; sharp and little teeth : great eyes . A spout betwixt the eyes . Two strong finnes . The privity like that in beasts , so the womb , the genital as in foure footed beasts , and they are without a gall . They live 300. years : generate like rationals , and have a groaning voice : a sharp sight , and love musick and men ; but hate the Whale , &c.

Dragon . Draco . P. They live in the Sea , amongst the sand and rocks . M. Of the smaller kind of fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Maris Vastator .

Dragon . Gal. T. The flesh is hard and dry ; but if prepared , It 's pleasant , nourishing much , and begetteth good juyce . Rond . V. The ashes of the fresh head thereof help against all poyson . Plin. The tooth-ach may be cured by scarification , with their bones . H. Their wound , causeth feavers and inflammations : Plin. The remedy is a Mullet eaten or applied . Diosc . Gal. Or the fish applied , Aeg. or sulphur with vineger . Aet . or lead .

E.
Eele . Anguilla . P. Almost every where , in England , and other places . M. Of froggs , worms , fishes , roots , herbs , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Plota . Enchelys .

EEle . Muff. T. Their flesh is sweet ; but unwholsome . So hurts diverse , yeelding much nourishment ; but very corruptible . H. They loosen the belly ; but cause fluxes . They open the windpipes , but stop the liver . They clear the voice , but infect the lungs . They increase sperme , but not good ; lastly , they cause agues , hurt the stomach and kidnies , engender gravel , cause the strangury , sharpen the gout , and fill the body with many deseases . They are worst in summer ; but never wholesome , the elder are better , and the silver bellied and sandy , worst . Villanov . They have all a venimous malignity , and gluish suffocating juyce ; yet those of Jovius by Cremona are counted good . Note , Their sinking to the bottom when dead , sheweth them to be of a muddy nature , and wanting that aerial substance that lightneth other fishes , as also that they are melancholy , feeding in the night . Great Eeles are best rosted and broild , their malignant humour being next the skinne , and so evaporated by the fire : the next best , are those that are powdered , and sowced , and baked with butter , salt , and pepper ; but worst sodden , in water , ale , and yest , as commonly : the last hurting the stomach , liver , and bloud . Aldrov . They are of a slimy and pituitous juyce . H. Hipp. They hurt the third kind of tabes , and disease of the spleen , and cause inflammations in the lungs . sc. The Feculent . When used , the black vein is to be taken from the back . The Ancients did eate them with beets , for abstersion , so salted . Salern . They are to be dressed with spices , also with wine in the winter ; and vineger in the summer . They are good rosted with bay leaves , having crummes of bread , salt and spices sprinkled thereon . If boiled , it 's to be done , with stone parsly , sage , bay-leaves , and pepper . Other wayes of dressing them may be seen in Apicius and Platina . V. Gal. The fatt is good against stripes . Salv. That when rosted dropped into the eares helps their old paines , Rond . and those of the nerves . Gesn . Anointed it helps bald heads . Ms. Germ. With that of a Goose , the juyce of roe , wormwood , ground ivy , and hounds-tongue made into an unguent , it helps wounds : the same with the juyce of house-leek , dropped into the eare , stopping it with a warm linnen cloth , and applying bread warm , helpeth deafenesse . Rond . The gall helps suffusions of the eyes . With oile of roses it hindereth the grouth of haire after evulsion . Salv. The fume of those that are salted , their skinns being burnt and taken by the fundamer , helps gripings caused by the dysentery . Kiran. The liver drunk causeth a loathing of wine . Marcel . The bloud taken with a double quantity of red wine , and warm water fasting , helpeth and preventeth the collick ; their fat and liquour applied help the hemorrhoids . Hippiat . A live Eele given to horses , helps their asthma . Schrod . The head helps warts . Some say that the wine drunk , in which they have been killed , causeth abstinency . Jonst. Horse coursers give the young-ones to Horses , to make them more lively . As for their description it is needlesse . They are generated of slime & putrefaction . they feed in the night , and lye in the mud in the day time . They live seven or eight yeares , feare thunder , and are taken best when there are flouds . Muff. T. The Conger , or Sea Eele , Conger . hath a white , fatt and sweet flesh . The little are taken betwixt Glocester , and Tewkesbury ; but the great-ones only in the salt Seas . They feed as Eeles do , upon fat waters , at the mouths of rivers . They are hard of digestion for most stomachs , causing collicks if eaten cold , and leprosies if eaten hot , after seething . It is not amisse first to boile it tender in water with salt , time , parsly , baies , and hot herbs , then to lay it covered in vineger , and after to broile it , it then yeelding good nourishment in summer for hot stomachs . Eele-powte . Mustela . Muff. T. Is best in April , May , and September , their spawn is very hurtfull ; but the flesh white , sweet , firme , and of good nourishment , and their livers most sweet and delicate . They may be sod as a Dorry , and broiled a little , that they may be of easier digestion , or they may be boild as Storgian and eaten cold . Aldrov . Encel. The ventricle drunk expels the secundine , and helps all vices of the matrix , and collick . The oile of the liver helps suffusions and spots .

F.
Flounder . Rhombus . P. About fatt earth , and shores , in England and other places . M. Of fishes and Crabs . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Turbotus Arnold . Villanov .

FLounder . Aldrov . T. By the Ancients they were used in luxury ; whence arised the proverb ; nihil ad Rhombum . Gal. They have a soft flesh , therefore they are to be rosted . Rond . Yet the Aculeate are hard , especially if larger , for the smaller are more moist and soft . Xenoc. They are hardly concocted ; but nourish much ; yet Villanovanus counts them inferiour to good fishes ; also grosse and viscid , hardly concocted , excrementitious , but agreeing to strong young men with Sauces to correct their viseous and cold nature . Gal. Boiled in broth with a little Salt , Leekes , and Anet , they help those that recover from sicknesse and are good for the sound broiled , and with vineger or fried with wine : now it 's boiled and eaten with the juyce of an Orang . Plin. Applied it helps the spleen . Jonst . As for their description , they have a quadrate forme , and oblique angles .

Fork-fish . Pastinaca . P. In muddy and dirty places of the Sea . M. Their meat is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Glorinus . Opisthokentros .

Fork-fish . Aldrov . Their Radius only is poysonsome , which being cut off , the rosted may be eaten . Gal. The flesh is soft and pleasant , and may be substituted in the steed of other saxatile fishes ; So the Cramp-fish ; yet others count it soft , unsweet , ferine , and of evil juyce ; therefore it 's eaten onely by poor people . It may be eaten with vineger , boiled ; and sprinkled with Meale , if fryed . Note , the head and taile are to be cut off . V. Hipp. Those that have the third kind of tabes may eate them in the 4th . month ; and in the hepatick grief , like the pleurisy . Their liver sod in oile helps the leprosy and ringworms , Plin. And the itch . Diosc . Aeg. Plin. Cels . The weapon helps the toothach . Aet . With henbane it helps the falling out of the matrice . Plin. And facilitats delivery . Rond . Their wounds may be helped by applying the liver , and the ashes of the Radius used with vineger . Diosc . The signes of their wounds are great paine , convulsions , lassitude , and imbecility , dumbnesse , dimnesse of the eyes , blacknesse , and stupidity of the part . Diosc . yet the Fish applied being dissected is good . Tarent . So Pigeons dung , the seed of Lettuce , Butter , and Similage . Aet . Also vineger , and live brimstone moistened with old urine , hore-hound , leaves of Laurell , Vipers buglosse , the root of clowns alheall and sage , or acid leaven with tarre : the compounds are the emplastrum piscatoris . Aet . Gal. and Isis . Diosc . Also what helps against Vipers : and scordium drunk , and Mithridate , &c. Vid. Aet . Aeg. &c. Aldrov . They are taken by the hooke , and nets .

Frog . Rana marina , &c. P. In herbose places and the shore , &c. M. Of flesh , even that of man . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Diabolus marinus .

Frog . Card. T. That of the Sea is not edible . Rond . Salv. But the flesh is soft , unsweet , serine , mucous , excrementitious , virulent , and of evil juyce , and therefore scarce eaten by the lowest sort of people : yet Archestratus commendeth the liver . V. Marcel . Their gall eradicats hair after evulsion . Rond . it helps suffusions ; Plin. Their juyce boiled in wine and vineger is good , drunk against poyson , but Gesner thinks it belongs to the fluviatile . Schrod . Those belonging to rivers , are an antidote against all poysons of Serpents , being eaten with salt , oile and butter ; and their broth drunk . They help against old rigors of the tendons . The wine in which the green are killed , helps to the loathing of wine . Applied alive they help pestilent biles , the heate of causons , and mitigate the pains of the joynts , and quench St. Anthonies fire . Their Gargarisme helps the toothach : applied to a torminated belly they ease it . The heart applied to the back bone helps algid agues : and some apply it against the heart , to help causons , and heate . Crat. The liver powdered , is good used in quartans . The livers of the green , help Epilepsies . The gall helps the eyes , and drach . sem . of the powder taken helps quartans . The fat dropped into the eares helps the pain thereof . The sperm , called sperniola , doth coole , constipate , thicken , ease pain , help the itch of the hands in March , kills creeping ulcers , & helps the Paronychia , it helps the erysipelas , burnings , and other inflammations . It helps the rednesse of the face , flux of the menses , and hemorrhoids , put into the womb or fundament . The ashes of Frogges , stop bleeding in wounds , or the nostrils : the fume helps hemorrhages of the nostrils : it helps the alopecia with tarre . Drach. 1. taken helps the gonerrhoea . The water of the sperm , helps the bladder exulcerated by the acrimony of humours : also it repelleth and stoppeth bloud , helps rednesse of the face , and cureth ringworms , the erysipelas , and gangreens . French , the compound helps all paines , and hot and cold swellings . The powder of the sperm helps malignant ulcers , and all inflammations . Jonst . They of the Sea , as to their description , are all head and taile , their mouth is great , teeth many and sharp , jaws semicircular , the tongue longer than the upper jaw , and eyes large in the top of the head , Kircher , Art. Magnet . They have a kind of finne in the midst of their nose . They live alone and amongst stones , where they lie with open mouth , seeming to have a worm therein , which the Fish seeing , are taken by them . So they are call'd , Piscatrices .

G.
Grailing . Thymallus . P. In cold , frigid and gravelly waters . M. They live upon aquatile insects . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Aschiar . Thymus piscis . Temarus .

GRailing . Gesn . T. They are to be preferred before Trouts , Salv. They are tender and sapid , and therefore dearer than other Fishes , especially in May. They are also very wholesome , and therefore prescribed by Physitians to their patients , in steed of saxatile Fishes . Plat. They are good fried , Gesn . But the fatter are better tasted when rosted , Salv. And the greater are best boiled , and eaten with butter . V. Gesn . Ms. Germ. The gall is used in diseases of the eares , as that of the Eele , and Tench ; for being dropped in , it breaks the pellicles , cureth fluxions , and killeth worms . Salv. The fat dropped in helps deafenesse , and wounds . Gesn . It helps the eyes , lippitude , rednesse , heate and wefts , a drop being dropped in dayly . The fat helps spots in the eyes and adustions and marks of the pocks , so Schrod . It 's a kind of Troute .

Groundlin . Aphya . P. About Rocks in many places in the Sea . M. They live by licking one an other . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Apua . Hepsetus . Liparis . Genitura .

Groundlin . Rond . T. They yeeld a moist aliment . Athen. And are flatulent , being of unequal concoction . Mnesith . They loosen the belly , and are to be eaten sodden . The Phalerick is very fat , which serves for lamps . Jonst . They are generated of putrified mud and showers . They swim together in great sholes , that make the water white . They are taken with fine nets .

Gudgin . Gobius . P. Almost every where , in England , &c. M. Of Worms , Cad-worms , and Grubbes , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cobio . Gobio . Cothus .

Gudgin . Muff. T. They are either white and little , or else bigger and blacker , yet both are as a Perch ; but the yellowish are dry , leane , & unseasonable . Gal. They are much to be commended , being short , pleasant in taste , fat , friable , soon concocted , nourishing much , and increasing good bloud , and of a mean juyce , and softer than Mullets . The best live about Rocks , but those that live in fennes and lakes are not wholesome . Hices . They generate much , but not good juyce , they are easily evacuated , and nourish not much . The white are better , than the black , the yellow are of a more hollow substance , lesse corruptible : of thinner juyce and not so copious ; and by reason of their largenesse , are more nourishing . Aet . They are good in the collick from cold and pituitous humours , yeelding much aliment and strength to the body . V. Aeg. The Marine being sodde loosen the belly . Kiran. So the fluviatile with salt , or milk . Sym. Seth. If rosted and without salt , they help dysenteries , lienteries , and painful egestions . Diosc . Applied they help the bitings of mad Dogs , and Serpents . Schrod . Nicand . Being eaten they help against dorycnium . Diocl. Saxatil fishes yeeld a dry aliment , but solid and corpulent . Muff. Sea Gudgions , called Paganelli , and by some Sea-cobs , are a most sound , light , wholesome , and nourishing meat . They are brought to Exceter . Groundlings called Funduli , are of the same nature .

Guilt-head . Aurata . P. About Berenice , and the Seas . M. Of Flesh , and Shell-fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Orata . Chrysos . Joniscus .

Guilt-head . Hices . Athen. T. They are the sweetest of all Fishes , and most acceptable to the Pallat. Mnesith . They are hardly concocted ; but if so , they yeeld much aliment . Rondel . They are of a midle flesh , good juyce , and a little harder , than Saxatile fishes ; the best are the Marine : in France they boile them in water and wine or vineger , some adde oile , Saffron , Pepper , and Raisins : or they may be rosted , with oile and vineger , often sprinkled thereon . See Plat. and Apic. Muff. Those call'd Lucernae , or Golden-Poles , are almost like the Gurnard . Gal. But of harder digestion . Jonst . As for their description , they seldome exceed 10 l. their back is of a ceruleous blackish colour , the sides silver coloured , the belly milkie , the upper part of the eyes golden . The fore teeth are long . They breed in the summer neere the mouths of Rivers . And they are taken by bows placed , on the Sand.

H.
Herring . Halec . P. In the Baltick Ocean , and Germany . M. Some say they live only on the water . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Halecus . Harengus .

HErring . Aldrov . T. They have a fat and soft flesh . Being fried fresh in butter , they are very delicate , and much desired by the Hollanders , some use them the back bone being taken out , with Onions , Apples , Vineger and Oile : they are eaten also rosted , or broiled after watering , being salted , Schrod . V. their animae taken , provoke urine . The salted , applied whole to the soles of the feet , draw humours from the head , & ease feaverish heate ; and the ashes break the stone . The pickle is used in clysters , in paines of the hips and dropsy , it cleanseth foetid ulcers , and helps gangreens , quinsies , and botches .

Horn-beake . Acus . P. They live in the salt waters . M. Their meate is not observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Ablennes . Acicula .

Horn-beake . Diph. T. That of Aristotle is of hard concoction , moist , and of good juyce , though Hicesius saith they are juycelesse . Alex. Ben. They are good in the time of pestilence . Rond . The vulgar hath a dry and hard flesh . V. Gal. The ashes of the Marine drunk , help the flux of urine . Kiran. Whole , with the Irine unguent it inspissats ; and the ashes help diseases by the whale , or wounds . That of Oppian is soft or moist : being fried and irrorated with the juyce of an Orange it is gratefull to the pallat . Jonst . As for the description , the first is long , sc . of one cubit , a finger thick , and of a yellow colour , with a little head , long nose , eyes little , gills on each side , and ventricle in the midle , also they bring forth egges .

K.
Keeling . Milvus . P. They live in the Seas , onely . M. Of flesh , though without teeth . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Milvago . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Landola .

KEeling . Muff. T. They differ in nothing but in name , from Cod. Aldrov . The flesh is unpleasant : Athen. Harder than the Gurnard ; but if any will eate them , they are better boiled than rosted . V. Rond . The gall helps suffusions in the eyes . Jonst . They are like Kites as to their description .

L.
Lamprey . Lampetra . P. They live in the Sea and Rivers . M. Of water and mosse , and the like . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Alabeta . Galexia . Lumbricus marinus .

LAmpreys and Lamprons . Muff. T. Differ in bignesse only , and in goodnesse : both are a sweet and nourishing meat , increasing lust through much nourishment ; but they are evil , even for strong stomachs , and quickly cause furfeits , Vid. Polyd. Virg. L. 11. H. they are best in March and April , being then sattest ; in the summer they are harder and leaner . They are to be well sod or baked , else they are of hard and very dangerous digestion . H. they are hurtfull for those that are old , gouty , aguish , and troubled in their sinewey parts . The Italians beate them on the taile till almost dead , then gagge their mouth with a whole Nutmeg , and stop every oilet hole with a clove , and then cast them into oile and Malmsey , with crummes of bread , a few Almonds blancht and minced , to correct and better their flesh . These are best baked , and the Lamprons broiled . The best are those in Severns , being whiter , purer , sweeter , fatter and of lesse malignity . Alex. B. it 's of good juyce and to be preferd before all Fish ; Albert. But it 's rather unwholesome , and to be seasoned with spices . Aldrov . The flesh of that called Muraena is in a Mediocrity . Aet . They are difficultly concocted , and cause inflations and bad humours . Their dressing may be seene in Apicius . V. Kiran. eaten with broth they help the Nephritick , Leprosy , and Scabs with Pepper . Plin. The teeth worn help breeding of the teeth : also their ashes with honey help lichens and the Leprosy . Marcel . The ashes of their skinnes , applied to the forehead with vineger help paines of the head . Jonst . As for their description , they are about 2. cubits long . Salv. They are about 12. pounds weight . They live in the Sea about petrose places , and the mouths of Rivers . They live with flesh . When taken they are said to fly at the fishers . They hate the Locust , Polypus , and Conger , &c.

Lobster . Locusta marina . P. In the Sea , and in most places . M. Of little Fishes , and Congers , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Gammarus .

Lobster . Muff. T. They are of a strong and hard flesh , and hard of concoction . The belly , claws , and upper parts are most tender , and the taile parts tough . When they are seething , their mouth and lower vent should be stopped with towe , that they may be more pleasant in taste . They are for strong stomachs . The least are tenderest , and the middle sized best flesht : the greater are old and tough and hardly concocted . They come in season with the Buck , and goe out , with the Does comming in . Also they are best in the full of the Moon . Clove and gilly-floure vinger is their best sauce ; also buttered with vineger and Pepper , they give a strong nourishment to an indifferent stomach . They are best when their spawn lieth greatest in their head . Hipp. They purge childing Women . Sim. Seth. The ashes of the shells drunk with pure Wine , purge the reines from the stone . So Jonst .

Lumps . Orbes . P. In the septentrional Ocean . M. Their meat is not observed . N. Orchis . Lumpus Angl. Aldrov . Batus rotundus .

Lumps . Muff. T. They are crude , raw , and phlegmatick meat , like a Thorne-back half sodden . They are best being boiled and pickled like a Sturgian , and so eaten cold , Jonst . They are round , as to their description , and without scales .

M.
Mackrel . Scombrus . P. They live in the Ocean and Mediterranian Sea . M. They feed neere sandy shores . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Piscis Iberus . Macarellus .

MAckrel . Diph. T. It 's a light Fish , and quickly descendeth from the stomach . Hices . It nourisheth much , and is of better juyce than the Colias ; but lesse easily evacuated . Arnold . But they are rather no wholesome fish , being grosse , viscous , hardly concocted , & excrementitious , and are not therefore to be used ; except by young strong men , and with sauces that may correct their viscous and thick juyce . Tral . H. they are naught for those that are troubled with the Epilepsy . Athen. They are fat ; but load the stomach , and are best broiled . Muff. They have a suffocating substance , and are offensive to the brain , head , and breast , though pleasant to the taste , and acceptable to the stomach ; yet they cause drousinesse , in the best stomachs , and apoplexies , palsies , lethargies , or dulnesse of sense and sinewes in them that are weake . Tral . They hurt those that are phlegmatick or obstructed . They are best sod in wine vineger with mints , parsly , rosemary and time ; and if after they be kept in pickle , made of Rhenish wine , ginger , pepper and dill , they are dainty and wholesome ; but worst buttered . The French lay them upon southernwood and broil them , basting them with wine and butter , and so serve them in with vineger , pepper and butter , as hot as may be , which lessens their malignity , and increaseath their goodnesse . V. Aelian . Being eaten they help those that are troubled with the liver and jaundise . The pickle dropped in warm , helps all diseases of the eares . Being putrified in vineger , they help the suffocation of the womb . As for their description it is needlesse , they being common .

Maides . Raiolae . P. The place of their living and abode is in the Sea . M. Of Flesh , Livers and Spawns of Fish . N. Their names are not much observed .

Maides . Muff. T. Are as little and tender Skates . They are very nourishing and of good juyce , fit for weak stomachs , and those that have through wantonnesse , spoiled themselves . They are to be boiled in wine water and salt with a sprig of rosemary , and then to be eaten with vineger , pepper and sweet butter . Note , these , as also the Skate , & Thornback amongst Fishes , bring forth their young ones without egges , after the kind of propagation of beasts .

Mullet . Mullus . P. Their abode is in the septentrional Ocean . M. Of the Sea Hare or any thing . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Triglis . Mulio . Barbus marinus .

Mullet . Gal. T. In the goodnesse of their juyce , or pleasantnesse of their taste , they cannot be compared with the Jack , Umber , or Sturgian , &c. Yet others commend them as fit for the stomach , of good juyce , pleasant taste , fleshy , hardly corrupted , and mean as to excretion . Cels . These , as also Pikes have a midle flesh ; but most other approved Authors count them hard . Psel . They are hardly concocted ; but nourish much . Gal. The flesh is the hardest of almost all other Fishes , and friable : it nourisheth well , when concocted ; so other hard meats , and those of thick parts ; but those that are fat , fill presently , and destroy the appetite , as also the viscous . Aet . They are good in the collick from cold and pituitous humours , as also the Scorpions and Sparrows . Diph. The flesh is acceptable to the stomach , a little astringent , hard , styptick if rosted , and heavy fried , and hardly concocted . Muff. The Sea Mullets , mugiles mar . differ little in Shape from Barbels . They are of a light and aerial substance . They hinder venery , sperm , courage , and conception ; but their flesh is wholesome , white , sweet and tender . They are much nourishing being first sodden in wine , salt , and water , and then sowced like a Gurnard , or kept in a gelly like a Tench , or eaten hot with vineger and pepper . Of their egges and bloud with salt is made the Italians Botargo , Aldrov . Which recovers the appetite , causeth thirst , and helps the taste of wine . V. The ashes of the head with honey help gallings of the fundament : that of the ventricle strengthens the stomach , and consumes its humidity , so dryed in an Oven and washed in white wine , and the water of Mints and Wormwood . being boiled in wine , and taken in vineger , it stoppeth vomiting ; so the intestines , the fat being taken off ; for all fat things laxate the stomach . Rond . The stones found in their heads help against the Nephritick passion . Aet . The Mulli are not to be used in the collick from cold and pituitons humours , as also in the hemorrhage and hemorrhoids : Diph. For they attenuate the bloud ; yet are astringent if rosted . Plin. Diosc . H. eaten often they dull the eye-sight . They hinder venery , and the love of wine . Rosted , they help the tormina . So Marcel . and Tral . Alex. Ben. They are good in the time of the plague . Gariopont . They help the Dropsy . Marcel . The flesh of their heads with honey helps vices of the fundament ; and the head discusseth carbuncles . Diosc . Applied fresh they help the bitings of the Sea Dragons , Scorpion and Spider , as also of the Fork-fish with Laser . Jonst . They breed thrice in a yeare . They hate the Sea Hare .

Mussels . Mytili . P. They live in sandy places , in England , &c. M. Their meate is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Chamae . Arab. Amarchas .

Mussels . Wott . T. The least are whitest , softest , and soonest digested ; but the greater are of stronger and larger nourishment : the red ones are very daingerous , & the yellow ones are suspected ; but the white are wholesome and much commended , except unto hot and destempered stomachs : They are best sodden in the water out of which they were taken , else in water and salt and a little strong ale and vineger . Boiled Mussels encrease heat and drouth : if fryed they easily corrupt in the body , and turne to a bad juyce . If they are kept in Srt. Goodrons pickle for Oisters , ( made of Sea water , Wine , Vineger , Bayleaves , Mints , Pepper , Ginger and Cinamon , ) they are as wholesome , and more pleasant than Oisters Horse mussels , are not a wholesome meat , Plin. Tasting brackish and strong , and having a hidden poyson in their flesh . Jonst . They loose their virulency , being boiled , with mustard and cresses . The worst are in sandy places . Plin. their broth increaseth the body . The greater are hard , and therefore hardly concocted . They beget thick bloud and no good juyce ; but they nourish much , and moove the belly and urine . V. In physick they have the same use as the Musculi . Diosc . Applied they help the bitings of a mad Dog . The broth openeth , purgeth the reines , and lesseneth the bloud and fat : therefore they are very good for such as have the dropsy , jaundise , joynt ach , inflations , &c. And to purge Women . The shell is used to take up oile with all , like a spoon .

O.
Oister . Ostrea . P. In the Sea and Rivers , about Rocks , &c. M. Of Sea water , Mud , and Dew . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Ostreum Minsh . Gal Huistre .

OIster . Muff. T. They are a common and wholesome meat . They differ in colour substance and bignesse ; but the best are thick , little and round shelld , not flaggy through abundance of gellied humours ; but short , firme and thick of flesh , rising up round like a Womans breast , being in a manner all belly , and short find , of a green colour , and listed about as with a purple haire , and may therefore be called Calliblephara : such are our Walfleet and Colchester Oisters , which in good relish , substance and wholesomnesse , farre exceede those of Vsk , Pool , Southampton , Whitestable , and Rye , &c. Gal. They are somewhat heavy of digestion and engender phlegme ; but he knew not the goodnesse of our English Oisters , which are the second best in the World : every man loving them , and they offending no indifferent stomach , though eaten raw , but rather setling a bad appetite , confirming a weak stomach , and giving good nourishment to decayed members , through their own goodnesse , or being much desired : they were also alwayes counted of light digestion , being to be eaten first . The fattest are taken in salt waters at the mouths of Rivers ; but the wholesomest and lightest are the marine upon Shelfs and Rocks ; which also procure urine and stoole , and help the collick and dropsy eaten raw ; but if sod they bind the belly , stop urine , and increase the collick . They are to be eaten drinking wine , or strong and hot beere after them , else they concoct hardly . Little Oisters are best raw ; and the great stewed with wine , onions , pepper , and butter ; or baked with onions , pepper and butter , or else pickled with white wine vineger , their own water , bayes , Mints , and hot spices ; but they are worst sod except in Sea-water . All Oisters are worst when full of milk , which is commonly betwixt May and August : raw Oisters are best in Winter and cold weather , when the stomach is hottest , sc. from September to April : yet the Italians never eate them raw ; but broile them in their shell with their water , the juyce of an Orange ; Pepper and Oile , and so they eate daintily . Pickled Oisters may be eaten at all times , and to the taste and judgment of some , they are more commendable ; chiefely to cold , weake , windy , and queasy stomachs , than any way else prepared . Some affirme Oisters may be kept all the yeare in Snow , and so be eaten cold in the Summer , so Pliny . Bell. Jonst . They are the best of all Shell-fishes . Gal. Their flesh is moist and tenacious , of thick juyce , and engendring a thick cold and crude humour ; being raw , they have a salt humour which mooveth the belly and causeth Satyrisme : Being boiled and loosing their moisture they cause murmuring ; so Jov. Jul. Alex. by reason of their great softnesse of flesh they are easily concocted , and rather beget flegme , than crude humours . Being broiled on a gridiron with spice and salt , they are not hurtful . Plin. Being crude they recreate the stomach and help loathing of Meate . They are best at the decrease of the Moon . V. Being boiled with mulse and Pepper they help the tenesmus . Myreps . The ashes of their shells help ulcers of the lippes , &c. And whiten the teeth . Plin. With old urine , They help eruptions and running ulcers . Rond . A lixive made therewith helps oedematous tumours of the feet and knees ; for it dryeth , digesteth much , and heateth if not washed . Schrod . They attract the poyson of pestilent buboes to them , used to the arms or thighs , so Holl.

P.
Perch . Perca . P. They live in the Thames , and Avon , &c. M. Of Fishes , even of their own kinde . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Persicinus . Hisp . &c. Percá .

PErch . Muff. T. They are a most firme , tender , white and nourishing Fish , Ausonius preferreth them before Pikes , Roches , Mullets and all other Fish : they are commended also by Hessus , Diocles , Hippocrates and Galen . They are ever in season , except in March and April , when they Spawn . As the oldest and greatest Eele is best , so the middle sized Pike and Perch are alwayes most wholesome . They may be sod in wine vineger , water and salt , and then eaten hot , or covered with wine vineger and eaten cold : they so , both cooling a distempered feaverish stomach , and giving much nourishment to a weake body . Aldrov . The stones in their braines help the stone in the reines , and other pungent griefes in the sides . Aldrov . The Sea-perch is as the former . The broth loosens the belly . The head with honey helps pustules , &c.

Perwinckles . Cochleae marinae . P. Their abiding place is about the Sea-shore . M. Of the finest mud and best weeds . N. Their names are not much observed .

Perwinckles or Whelks . Muff. T. Are very nourishing and restorative , being sod in their own Sea water . The whitest flesht are ever best and tenderest , and those that are taken in clean creeks eat pleasantly ; but those of muddy shores strangly , and offend the eye-sight . They are best in Winter and the spring , for a resolved stomach and liver . Apicius would have the covering of their holes taken away after boiling , being unwholesome . For sound persons they may be sod with water , salt and vineger also : for the sick they may be seethed , and steeped in new milk , or fried in a Pan with butter and salt .

Pike . Lucius . P. In Rivers and Pooles , almost every where . M. They feed upon Fishes and Frogges , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Oxyrynchus Strab. Esox , Plin.

Pike . Lon. T. They are so wholesome that they may be given to sick Women . Arnold . These as also the Perch , are best when of a meane size , and in the first degree of goodnesse . The flesh is more white , friable , and subtile than that of the Carp . Note , Physicians choose the lesser Fishes and those of a midle age . They are best in July and October . The hinder part is best . Plat. The greater are best boiled , they may also be fried or broild , so Gesn . Their spawn is as bad as that of the Barbel , causing the cholerick passion . The powder purgeth the belly . Drach. 1. of the ashes of the jaws helps the stone : it dryeth up ulcers of the privities . Alex. Ben. Drunk in wine it's diuretick ; applied it cures the piles . The powder of the teeth helps the whites , so the jaws , also the pleuresy , and secundine . Muff. The great are hard and tough : the little , moist . Schrod . The gall taken cureth the ague , outwardly it helps spots , and dimnesse of the eyes , &c. The heart helps the paroxismes in feavers . Their mandibles , dry and cleanse , and help difficulty in Child-birth . The powder used outwardly helps the Synovia , and mundifieth old ulcers . The cruciforme bone of the head taken , helps the Epilesy , some use it as a periapt against enchauntments . The fat is used to the soles of the feet and breasts of infants to revelle catarrhes , and ease the cough . the destilled water of the gall helps the eyes . Jonst . The ashes of their bones if salted , serve in steed of spodium . They live 200. yeares . Dubrav . They beare antipathy to the Frog . Pikes of the Sea ; Lucii Muff. Are a most dainty Fish , and more sweet , tender and crisper than River Pikes , and may be eaten by aguish persons , weake stomachs , and Women in Child-bed . They feed upon young fry and spawns of Fish . And by continual swimming against the surges , they become tenderer than fresh water Pikes , though not so fat . Gal. Those in the pure Sea are sweet , in taste and smell , and laste longe . Hices . They are of good juyce , but not of much nourishment . They are best , in Winter . Xenoc. Those of a meane bignesse are best , being tender , of good juyce , sweet , acceptable to the stomach , nourishing much , being of easy distribution , and quickly carried through the Body . Diocles preferreth the broiled , and Platina saith they have a superfluous moisture . The diverse way of dressing may be seene in Apicius . The venter helps digestion , the Fish , botches : the stone , headaches , and the nephritik : the gall helps the eyes ; and the egges , the stomach .

Pilchers . Alausae minores . P. Their abiding is in the Sea , and neere the shore . M. Of the excrements of the Sea , and love beets . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Sarda , Minsh . Gall. Sardine .

Pilchers . Muff. T. Are firmer and fuller than Herrings , and their bodies rounder : neither are they of so aguish an operation ; they are best broiled , having lien a day in salt , and eaten with butter , salt , and pepper .

Plaise . Passeres . P. In the Sea , Lakes , and Rivers , in England and other places . M. Their meate is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Platessa Ausonii . Platusa Minsh .

Plaise . Muff. T. They are of good , wholesome and fine nourishment ; Arnold . Vill. They as also Soles , are to be numbred next to Rochets and Gurnards , being eaten in time , else they are carrion-like and troublesome to the belly of man . The best Plaise have blackest spots , as the best Flounders reddest , and the thicker is most commended , and such as are taken upon the Eastern coast , as Rye , Sandwich , and Dover , Philot. They are a soft fish ; but Diocles counteth them more dry . Xenoc. They have a hard flesh , not subject to corruption , engendring a good juyce , and meanely mooving the belly . Gal. They are betwixt hard and soft . Aet . They are to be shunned in the collick from cold and pituitous humours . The Marine are the best being more firme , dry and delicate , then those of Pooles , and lastly those of Rivers . Plat. They are to be boiled with stone parsely : and if broiled , to be used with the juyce of Oranges .

Porpaise . Phocaena . P. Their abiding , is in all Seas , chiefly neere Creete . M. Their meate is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Tursio . Piscis ater . Porcus marinus .

Porpaise . Aldrov . Tursions , or Sea-hoggs are fatter than Dolphins , of wose flesh , and of hard concoction . Muff. They are of the nature of Swine , never good till they are fatt , contrary to Tunies , which are best leanest . It is an unsavory meat , engendring many superfluous humours , augmenting flegme , and troubling an indifferent stomach ; yet many of the Gentry love it exceedingly baked like Venison .

Poulp . Polypus . P. Their abiding place is in the Adriatick Seas . M. They live upon the flesh of shelfishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Anosteos . Onos . Multipes .

Poulps . Muff. T. Are of hard digestion , and naught howsoever drest . Hippocrates commendeth them to Women in child-bed , and Diphilus , Aegineta and Aetius , saying that they nourish much , and excessively provoke lust . Being well sodden in salt water and wine , with sweet herbs , it is dainty , and more wholesome than a Mackrel . Jonst . The head is very sweet , & the flesh is of a crude juyce . They are better boiled than broild . V. Applied they stop bleeding . Myreps . The ashes with that of an olive , and an half of vitriol , help the polypus . They are given to cause conception . In white wine they move the menses . They mollify the womb , and help its dislocation : They are somewhat like the Cuttle . The males have longest heads . They spawn , swim obliquely , and change their colour .

Purple . Purpura . P. They live in the Sea , and neere unto the shores . M. They feed upon little fishes , weeds and mosse . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Roncera . Vngella .

Purple . Jonst . T. They are of the nature of Shel-fishes , containing a salt juyce , & loosening the belly ; but they are of a hard juyce . Their necks are hardly concocted , their extreame parts are acceptable to the stomach . If boiled they make thick broth . V. Plin. They help against poyson . Nic. As doricnium : the slime gleweth fresh wounds . The ashes of the shells with honey helpe pustules of the privities : With roses and cloves they are used in dentifrices . with the juyce of licorice , seed of poppies , cremor of barley and white wine , they help the lungs , and stop fluxions . The powder helps maligne ulcers . With honey it attenuats the haire . Aetius useth them to cause conception . They are about the quantity of an egge .

R.
Roche . Rutilus . P. Allmost in all Rivers : and in the streame . M. Of Redworms , Cod-wormes , Maggots , Sheeps bloud , &c. N. Lentiscus fluviatilis . Gall. Rochette , Minsh .

ROche . Muff. T. Their flesh is thought to be light , sound , and wholesome , if sodden like a breame : They are full of bones which maketh them lesse regarded . They are a very healthfull fish , and thought uncapable of any disease , whence arised The old proverb , as sound as a Roche . Jonst . They are naught in May , they may be dressed as the Carp . So Gesn . Rochet . Rubellio . Muff. Is redder and lesser than Gurnards and Currs , and of the like flesh and goodnesse ; yet better fried with onions , butter , and vineger , than sodden ; seething soaking out their best nourishing substance . Aldrov . They are sweet , good , of much aliment , and midle substance , easily concocted , and not moving the belly ; but cause venery , and help feavers .

Ruffs . Cernuae . P. They live in the Avon , &c. and Charwel . M. Their meat is wormes , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Acerina . Plin. Porcellus . Porculus , Minsh .

Ruffs . Aldrov . T. They are sweeter and more wholesome than the greater Perches , they may be boiled or fried . Gesn . The stones in their heads help the stone of the reines , and pricking paines of the sides . Muff. They are not much unlike to Perches ; but lesser : the best live in sandy places , where they grow exceeding fatt and sweet ; they may be dressed as Perches .

S.
Salmon . Salmo . P. At Glocester , and Worcester , and other places . M. They feed upon , little fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Gall. Saulmón , Minsh . Hisp . Salmón .

SAlmon . Aldrov . T. Both in taste and tendernesse , they are inferiour to no fish , either marine , flaviatile or lakish . Massarius preferreth them before all fishes ; but they are to be eaten moderately , otherwise by reason of their excessive fatnesse , they cause surfeits : they are best in April and May , and when little , and those taken in Rivers . They are worse at the time of spawning . H. They are naught for those that are sick , and have weak stomachs ; for they are viscous , hard of concoction , as are for the most part , all other fishes that leave the Seas to goe into the rivers , so Mnesith . Plat. They taste well boiled . The sides may be pickled , and the chine broiled or fried . Some reech them . Muff. They are of a fatty , tender , short and sweet flesh , quickly filling the stomach , and soone glutting . If they goe too high into the rivers , they wax lean . They come in season , and goe out with the Buck ; for towards winter they wax kipper , full of kernels , under their throat , and loose both their rednesse and taste . They are best sod in wine vineger and salt , or else parboild being cut into pieces , stuck full of cloves , broild upon a gridiron , basted with butter , and served in with sauce made of vineger , cinamon and sugar . If pickled it's like Sturgian . When hot it 's counted a leprous meat . The Salmon peales or Sea Trouts , are a more light , wholesome , and well tasted meat . So the Shuins or Salmunculi . Which are to be boiled in wine vineger with salt , and sweet herbs . They are taken at leapes .

Scorpion-fish . Scorpio . P. They wander abroad , in the depth of the Sea , &c. M. They live upon weeds , crabs , and flesh . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Spinula . Rascassa .

Scorpion-fish . Aldrov . T. They are not the worst of fishes , especially if taken in the winter , in stony places , & the pure Sea . Philot. They are of hard flesh . Gal. They may be substituted to saxatile fishes ; but yeeld a dry nourishment , and that copious , solid , of easy concoction , and abound not with excrements , or cause flatulency , if duly ordered . Hices . It 's better than the Scorpaena , being abstersive , esily evacuated , and of much juyce . They are tenderest kept a while , and boiled in water , with oile and sweet herbs , if great ; else rosted . Cato , V. The broth looseneth the belly , with oile , salt , and aniseeds . Hipp. They help grosse and pituitous diseases , as also the Dragon , Curre and Gudgin . The gall brings forth the menses and secundine , Marcel . and helps the eyes , and the alopecia . The stone helps the stone , So their ashes . Their biting is helped by wormwood , sulphur , and themselves applied &c.

Sea-Calfe . Phoca . P. They live , both in the Sea , and upon the Land . M. Their feeding is upon fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Vitulus & bos marinus . Bocas .

Sea-Calfe . Aldrov . T. The flesh is soft , spongious , and very fatt ; therefore it quickly satiats , and causeth nauseousnesse ; it 's of an ill juyce , & ferine taste , or smell , therefore they are not much eaten by those that live neere the Sea . V. Plin. the right finns laied under the head , cause sleepe . Shoos made of the skin help the gout , so of that of the Lion , Woolf , Foxe , or Hyena . Avic . The flesh helps the epilepsy and suffocation of the matrix . Hipp. The fatt helps womens diseases , used inwardly or outwardly , with bitumen , barly chaffe , Goats dung , and Hares furre burnt , &c. Plin. The same helps the leprosy and mentagra . Plin. The curd with penax helps the epilepsy , in wine it helps the lethargy , and the quinsy with peucedanum . They differ in shape from all other fishes .

Sheath-fish . Silurus . P. They live and abide in muddy waters . M. They live upon flesh and small fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Glanus . Solaris piscis .

Sheath-fish . Salv. T. They have a hard flesh , and not very sweet : The greater are hardly concocted . Kentm . They are of good taste , and usefull in meate , both fresh and salted . The lesser may be boiled : And the greater used as the Sturgian . Note , the veine in the back is to be taken out , and then they are to be prepared as the Eele . Jonst . As for the description . Their body is of a dimme colour , the mouth blunt , and the jaws rough : they grow to the weight of 200. pound . They generate like Froggs , and the males looke to the spawn 40. or 50. dayes , till they are of the bignesse of a pease .

Shrimp . Squilla . P. They live , and remaine in muddy places . M. They live upon oisters and reets . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Scyllà . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Gibba .

Shrimp . Muff. T. The healthfull , recover sick and consumed persons , and are of the best juyce . For healthfull persons , they may be boiled in salt water with a little vineger ; but for the sick , first wash them in barly water , then scale them alive , and seeth them in chickens broth ; so they are as restorative as the best Crabs or Crevises . If sodden with their scales they cause venery . The great Shrimps also are good for the purpose aforesaid ; but the cruckt backt are sweetest and most temperate . Jonst . They are hardly concocted , and hurt the stomach . V. applied they draw out things fixed in the flesh . They serve to catch Mullets and Pikes withall .

Skate . Squatina . P. They live , in dirty and deep places . M. They live upon flesh and fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Squatus . Lima Vallae . Celtes .

Skate . Aldrovand . T. They are friable ; but not of sweet smell , yet yeelding moist aliment . Gal. They are hard , difficultly concocted , and nourish much . Diph. They are cartilaginous , and all cartilaginious things engender flatulency , are carnose , hardly concocted , and if much used dull the eye sight : in so much that Rusticks meddle not with them , for their ferine smell , hardnesse , and want of sweetnesse . V. Hipp. Boiled they help grosse disseases from phlegme , as also the third kind of tabes . Rond . The oile of the liver helps the hardnesse of the liver , with celtick spike , storax and wormwood . The dryed eggs stop all fluxes of the belly , the skin helps scabs , the ashes help running ulcers of the head , and the alopecia . Plin. Applied they hinder the dugg's growing . Muff. They are venerious , and like the Thornback in forme , and quality , but better , and skind file-like . Jonst . As for their description . They sometimes grow to 160. pound , they are of an ash colour , their skin is used as a file to polish ivory and wood with . They bring forth twice a yeare seven or eight young ones at a time , they catch-fish , by hiding themselves in the sand , and mooving their Rades , like worms , which the fish take , and so are taken . They often copulate with the Thornback .

Smelts . Violaceae . P. They live about Kew , Brainford , and Westchester , &c. M. Of gnats , nitts , and lice , &c. N. Eperlanus Rond . Epelanus . Viola . Perlanus Minsh . Gal. Eperlón .

Smelts . Muff. T. They are of finest , lightest , softest , and best juyce of all other fish . They are best in winter and when full of spawn . The western are the greatest and best . Their gall is to be taken away , and then their livers , gutts , bellies , and fatt are great restoratives . They are to be sod in hot boiling water and salt : Their sauce is butter and verjuice with a little grosse pepper ; but civil oranges , if fried . They smell like violets . Aldrov . And are about half a foot long .

Sole . Solea . P. Their abiding , is in most Seas , about England , &c. M. Their meate is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Lingulaca . Saraulis . Sandalium .

Sole . Aldrov . T. They are of a most sweet taste , and therefore compared to the Partridg . And are of a mean juyce , Gal. and therefore are substituted to saxatile fishes : in sweetnesse and the quantity of aliment , and goodnesse of juice , they are better than the Plaise , but of more hard and solid flesh ; they are easily concocted , and not excrementitious ; but they are a little glutinous and of hard flesh , not being easily corrupted , and being long preserved : whereas all flesh first groweth tender , at length putrifieth by external heat ; so insipid tastes , are first gentle and pleasant , and after troublesome by acrimony : So Xenocrates . they are best in the winter , and fried and eaten with the juyce of oranges and pepper . Muff. They are good for sick people , and of few excrements . They are to be fried with parsly , butter , and verjuyce , and sauced with oranges .

Sprats . Chalcides . P. They are neere the shores of England , and other places . M. Of the excrements of the Sea . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Sardina . Sardella .

Sprats . Aldrov . Hices . Athen. T. They are squalid , leane , and not of copious aliment . V. They help against the biting of the prester . Marcel . The powder of their heads helps against botches , and paines of the throat , as also against the swelling , stench and Canker of the gummes . Bras . Taken before meate they loosen the belly as also other salt Fishes . So the head used as a suppository . Muff. They smell well when new and fresh ; being like the River Smelt ; but their flesh is queasy , corruptible , and aguish , especially in a weake stomach . They are worst being smoaked or fried , indifferent sodden , and best broiled . Spurlings , Chalcides Majores , pickled like Anchovaes , exceed them ; after Turners way . The red cause appetite and help it : Apuae infumatae .

Starre-gazer . Vranoscopus . P. Their abiding place is in the Seas . M. Of Flesh and unpleasant water . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Pulcher. Tapecon .

Starre-gazer . T. Aelian . Some commend the Fish as edible : others deny it . Diph. They have an unpleasant smell and taste , or rankish . V. Hippocrates useth them against white flegme , diseases from obstruction , and the dropsy , as also the Dragon , Scorpion , and Curre , being most dry : Diosc . Therefore their galls are very usefull in Physick , above the other , and help suffusions of the eyes , therefore some say it helped the eyes of Tobias . Plin. It helps cicatrices and consumeth supervacaneous flesh . With oile of roses it helps the eares , and Apollonius useth it with the slough of a Snake , and Bulls or Goats gall . Jonst . They seldome exceed a foot in length , and look upwards , having a great head like Bulheads .

Sturgian . Sturio . P. They live in the Sea and mouths of Rivers . M. They feed upon mudde and excrements . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Aquipenser . Stora .

Sturgian . Plin. T. It was counted the most noble of all Fishes . The female are best when full of spawn , and in fresh waters . They are of hard flesh , being fat and glutinous ; so are hardly concocted , and engender thick juyce , therefore they are not good for those that are sick or sickly . Albert. The liver is so sweet that without the gall it causeth nauseousnesse . Some also salt them . They are to be sod in water , white wine and vineger , with a little salt . Their spawn with salt makes Caviare . Muff. The Fish is thought by Mr. Cogan to be of hard substance , not much better than Bacon or Brawn ; sc. the old ; but the young is preferred before other Fish , therefore Severus had it served up gilded , and attended with minstrels , and carolling . Galen affirmes it to be of sweet , delicate and good nourishment . Cardanus Compareth it with Veale ; but it is farr better . Some commend the greater as the best , and the males living at the mouths of Rivers . H. they , especially the forepart , hurt those that are aguish , being fat , oily and soon converted into choller . They may be rosted if stuck with cloves , and eaten with Venison sauce , or they may be broiled and basted with oile and vineger after salt ; but it 's best pickled being eaten with vineger and sweet fennel . When cold being boiled as aforesaid , they are to be cut into Jouls & rands and so Barrelled up with Rhenish wine , wine vineger , and Sea water for halfe a yeare : And then they are a light , toothsome , and good meate , for temperate stomachs , It 's best for hot stomachs , young men , and in the summer time , then helping thirst , appetite , and heate , and yeelding temperate and good nourishment . V. Plin. The flesh cleareth the voice . Diosc . And applied salt it draweth out things fastened in the flesh . If stamped with Sandaracha it helps phagedens . The fomentation with the pickle helps dysenteries , drawing fluxions to the outward parts . Used in clysters it helps the Sciatica . It may be used in putrid ulcers of the mouth . Their fat helps kibes . Schrod . The bones are given in the running gout ; so For. and discusse colick griefes . The rest Pliny affirmeth of the Silurus . Jonst . As to the description , Their body is betwixt round and broad , the head pyramidical , the mouth without teeth , eyes little , the belly is smooth and silver coloured , tongue thick and hard , throat rough , two finns before & backwards . And the taile divided , with scales towards the head ; yet they swimme fastest against the streame . Usually they are of a 100. pound weight , & are most strong in the water , breaking great stakes , &c.

T.
Tench . Tinca . P. They live in standing waters amongst reeds . M. They feed on the putrefaction of mudd . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Tencha . Merula lacustris .

TEnch . Aldrov . T. Their flesh is not unsweet ; but it yeeldeth impure and illaudable aliment , and often hurtful ; also Physitians count it feaverish , feeding on , and living in dirty places : and they are hardly concocted and of bad juyce . Muff. They are a muddy and slimy fish , as appeareth by the touch ; therefore they are stopping , viscous , and very unwholsome . Gazius counteth a fried tench , a secret poyson . Therefore Dr. Caius , called them good plaisters ; but bad nourishment . V. For being laied to the soles of the feet , they often draw away the ague , but taken inwardly H. they cause palsies , stop the lungs , putrify in the stomach , & cause many diseases , being of hard digestion , heavy to the stomach , and causing apoplexies , Yet hot and labouring men may eate them . They are best in jelly of strong wine and spices . Gesn . Ancient Physicians used them to ease the paines of the head and limbs . They help the jaundise , applied alive to the liver or navil . The gall is used with remedies against the paine of the eares , helping fluxions and killing wormes . Schrod . The fish dissected and applied to the pulses and feet , cooleth burning feavers , and serves to divert pestilent poysons , so also in the paines of the head or joynts . The ashes help the whites . The stone found in the head operats as that of the Carpe . Aldrov . That of the Sea , Tinca marina , is not a sweet fish , it is soft enough ; but not friable , easily concocted , but excrementitious : being fried or broiled , they are lesse ungrateful to the pallat , than when boiled .

Thornback . Raia . P. They live and abide in dirty places of the Sea . M. They live upon fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Thalis . Rubus piscis . Rex . Papilio .

Thornback . Muff. T. It 's of a pleasant taste ; but of a stronger smell than Skate , and over moist to nourish much ; yet encreasing lust . Hipp. It helps long consumptions . The liver is very sweet and of great nourishment , as appeares by its taste and consistence . The liver is good sodden ; but the flesh is best broiled after seething to consume the watrishnesse . Gal. They are harder , more hard of concoction and more nourishment , than the Crampfish or Fork-fish . If boiled they loosen the belly ; Yet the Hollanders eate them so with butter , vineger , and mustard . They are best in winter . V. Plin. The gall with wine helps the eares , also the itch . The Stellate Raie is lesse hard , and of lesse ill juyce , than the Smooth .

Trout . Trutta . P. They live , not only in the Sea but Rivers . M. Of the excrements of the water , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Aurata . Variolus .

Trout . Aldrov . T. Is equal to any fish , that liveth in fresh waters . Those of lakes are more fatt than the fluviatile , some commend them chiefely in April and May , and they are worse in October , breeding then . They are to be eaten fresh , soone putrifying . Gesn . Their fatt applied with a sponge helps the piles , &c. Muff. Both the Salmon and gray trouts are very pleasant , and good for sound persons , but in agues they are not comparable to the Perch , they are best if sodden like a Breame and eaten hot , for if cold they loose much of their grace , and more of their goodnesse .

Tunie . Thunnus . P. Their living is in the Mediterranean Sea . M. Of Weeds , Acorns , and Fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cordyla . Auxus . Pelamides . Orcynus .

Tunie . Muff. T. They are best when leanest , sc. At the fall and dead of Winter . When at the best , they are unsavory , cloying an indifferent stomach , and engendring most grosse and superfluous moistures . As Porpesses must be baked when new , so Tunie is never good till powdered with Salt , Vineger , Coriander , and hot spices . They live not above 2. yeares , waxing so fat , that their bellies breake , and of the fat then is made Traine-oile for Clothiers . Aldrov . They are sweet and hard of concoction . Diph. They nourish much . Xenoc. Oribas . They are unfit for the stomach , of evil juyce , flatulent , hardly evacuated , and generate crude humours . Myreps . They hurt those that have the gout . Tral . And the Epileptick : Gal. Having a thick and tenacious juyce . The lesser are more tender . Mnesith . They are best rosted their fat being so drawne away . Platina seasoneth them with Pepper , Cinnamon , and Coriander stamped , boiled Onions , honey and oile . Some comend the belly , throat , head , and taile as the best . V. Plin. The bloud , gall , and liver are Psilothrons . Gal. Some use the bloud with the juyce of henbane . Card. It being cold and grosse . The fat helps ulcers . The ashes of the head , help pustuls of the privities . Diosc . The old flesh helps the bitings , of the Prester ; drinking much of it , and drinking much wine after it . Applied it helps the bitings of Dogs . Plin. The Cybium stamped helps the toothach ; purgeth the belly , bringeth forth flegme and choller , and helps eating and putrifying ulcers . Jonst . Plin. As for the description they are a slipery Fish , having great scales so joyned , that they seeme to be without them . They live 2. yeares . They copulate in February . They are swift , and sleep in the deep . They see best with the right eye .

V.
Umber . Vmbra . P. They live , in sandy places , in the salt and fresh water . M. They are carnivorous . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Vmbrina . Ovis Marina . Sciadeus .

UMber . Aldrov . T. At Rome it 's counted a well tasted & noble fish : And is best and fattest in the dog-dayes , & then the head is the best . Salv. Being any way seasoned they are sweet ; if stuck with cloves and rosted , being often sprinkled with oile , they are more sweet and pleasant . Jovius counteth them of the nature of Sturgians . They are not so soft as saxatile fishes ; yet Xenocrates , saith they are of good juice , easy digestion , pleasant taste , and not of much nutriment , Salv. yet not excrementitious . V. Plin. The intestines and scales burnt discusse the panni . The stones in the head help the collick . Muff. They have a dry and whitish flesh , like that of Gray Trouts , being of the like substance , quality , and goodnesse , and needing no other preparation . The belly is preferred , it 's soon concocted , spermatogenetick , and helps young hot stomachs , they weigh 60. pound , and swim like a shadow .

Urchin . Echinus . P. Their abiding and living is in the Seas . M. Their meat is not observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Carduus marinus . Piscis spinosus .

Urchin . Jonst . T. The ashes of the shells help sordid ulcers ; if stamped and applied they compresse luxuriant flesh , Rond . they help running ulcers of the head . Aet . And abortion . Paul . Jov. They help the dropping of urine . Hipp. Their stones expel the secundine , being drunk in sweet wine . The ashes with Hoggs fatt or that of Bares , helps the alopecia . They are so full of prickles , that they cannot be held , therefore some call them the Sea Thistles . Aristotle saith , that being cut asunder their parts will joyn againe . In tempests they poise themselves with sand .

W.
Whale . Cetus . P. They live in the large Seas , about Greenland , &c. M. They live upon fishes , especially Herrings . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cete . Pistrix . Bellua marina .

WHale . Aldrov . T. Their flesh is the hardest of all fishes , difficultly concocted , excrementitious , of evil juyce , as also all other cetacious creatures , as Dolphins , Sea Calves , and great Tunies , &c. Therefore they are to be eaten salted : For being crude they engender abundance of raw humours . They are fatt also , relaxe the ventricle , and cause nausiousnesse . The Ichthyophagi made bread of their flesh , and houses , &c. of their bones . The flesh is better boild then rosted , especially , with wine , vineger , parsly , hyssop , and organy , or onions , leeks , and anet . Muff. The livers of the Balaenae as also of Sturgians and Dolphins , smell like violets , taste pleasantly salted , and competently nourish ; so Card. yet Galen saith they have an ungratefull and mucous taste , and melancholy ; but the greater are not edible . Schrod . The stone Manat helps the stone and collick , the D. in drach . 1. Jonst . They generate like quadrupeds , and see and heare slowly .

Whiting . Oniscus . P. They live , in the deepest places of the Sea . M. Of fishes , which they take by craft . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Albula , Mollicula . Bacchus .

Whiting . Muff. T. All physitians allow them for a light , wholesome , and good meat , not denying them to sick persons , and much commending them to such as are in health : they are good sodden with salt and time , and their livers are very restorative , more than of other fishes : They are good also broiled and dried like Stock-fish ; but are then better to dry up rheume , than to nourish .

Y.
Yards . Colybdaenae . P. They live in the Seas , and salt waters . M. Their nutriment is shell-fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Mentula marina . Cauda marina .

YArds . Gal. T. Are as agreeable to weake stomacks as Crabs , Shrimps , and Crevises : the flesh nourisheth much , is light of concoction , and increaseth nature .

Fishes lesse used in Meat , or Medicine .

ALderling . Apium . Muff. T. The flesh being well sod smelleth like wild parsley , and is of indifferent good nourishment , and provoketh urine : they are betwixt a Trout and a Grayling , and lie ever in deep water under some old and great Alder.

Black-taile . Melanurus . Athen. T. Was counted a poore fish ; Hipp. And is bad for the 3d. kind of tabes . Yet Xenocrates saith it's good for the stomach , of good juyce , easily digested , nourishing much , and not difficultly evacuated . Diphilus makes them equal to the Guilt-head , if living in petrose places . They may be broiled or fried . Kiran. If broiled they sharpen the sight , the broth helps the collick .

Cod-fish . Piscis Capellanus . Asellus medius . Muff. T. Is of a tender flesh ; but not so dry and firme as the whiting , and is a great Sea whiting , called also a Keeling or Melwel . They have a bladder in them full of spawn , which the northern people call the Kelk , and count dainty . They have also a glewish substance at the end of their stomach called a sowne , more pleasant than good , the toughest Fish-glew being made thereof . When fresh the head lips and pallat are best , being light though slimy .

Haberdine . Muff. Asellus Islandicus . T. Is an Island Cod , bigger somewhat than ours , and firmer .

Haddocks . Aselluli . Muff. T. Are little Cods , of light substance , crumbling flesh and good nourishment , in the summer time , especially when Venison is in season .

Hakes , Aselluli longi . Muff. T. are of the same nature , resembling a Cod in taste ; but a Ling in likenesse .

Harp-fish . Lyra. Rond . T. Hath a hard and dry flesh ; yet sweet enough ; if eaten boiled with vineger . Salv. They may be fried and eaten with the juyce of an Orang , but they are better boiled .

Ling. Asellus . Muff. T. is counted the beefe of the Sea , and nothing else but a long Cod : wherefore the greater are called Organe Ling , and the other Cod Ling ; whilest new it 's called Green-fish , and Ling when salted , called so by lying , being the better if in pease-straw . They are taken in the farre Northern Seas ; but Cod Ling neere Bedwell in Northumberland shire .

Liver-fish . Hepatus . Gal. T. is of a mean flesh . They may be fried , or boiled . If boiled in white broth they are easily concocted . V. Kiran. The liver stamped and applied helps all tumours and the gout . The ashes of the head help old and eating ulcers . The gall drunk with Melicrate helps those that are hepatick ; yet Athenaeus denyeth they have any .

Loche . Locha . Muff. T. They are very light and of excellent nourishment ; they have a flesh like liver and a red spleen , which are delicate in taste , and as wholesome in operation . They are good for Childbearing Women .

Mother of Perle . Mater perlarum . Schrod . Besides the vertues of shel-fish , they have a cordial vertue , some use thē as an antefebrile .

Mole . Mola . Aldrov . T. The whole Fish is of a ferine savour , and very unpleasant , the flesh is like that of a Centrine , the hardest of all fishes , and of evil juyce ; but the liver is tender and not insipid if fried , and sprinkled with the juyce of Oranges and Pepper they are desired by many , so Salv. The fat is used in lights ; but smelleth ill , so Rond . The same fat helps the paines of the joynts and contraction , or rigour of the nerves . Applied with meale it helps suppuration . It helps hard swellings of the liver or other parts , with storax . The teeth burnt may be used in steed of spodium .

Millers thombs Capitones . Muff. T. Are very sweet , tender : and wholsome , especially when with spawn ; their egges being many , and fat , and yeelding good nourishment : and though Albertus counteth their flesh hard , yet it never putrifieth , and is well digested ; they are a kind of jolt-headed gudgins .

Minoes , Apuae cobitae Gesn . Aliniatae Caii . Phoxini Bell. T. Are a most delicate and light meat either fryed or sodden , their gall being well taken out . They are lesse than Loches and feed by licking one an other , Gesner thinks they are engendred of the waste sperme of Gudgins ; and others , out of an unknown matter . They have their name from minium , their finnes being red .

Nun-fishes . Monachae . Muff. T. Are a wholesome and delicate meate , as any Periwinckle . They feed upon sweet mud sticking to ship-sides . They creep out of their shell like a Sea Snaile , but straightly . Their face is white , their head covered with a black vaile like the Nuns of Saint Bridgets Order , so had the name .

Old-wives . Vetulae . Muff. T. are dainty and wholesome of substance , and large in body . They may be boiled with salt , wine , and vineger , and a little time ; and so are white , firme , dainty , and wholesome .

Peacock-fish . Pavo . Aldrov . T. Is an insipid and ignoble fish . The flesh is fat and gentle . Being broiled they are lesse unpleasant , if eaten with vinger , or juyce of Oranges .

Puffins . Anates marini . Muff. They are called Feathered fishes , and may be as well called flesh as fish .

Quawiners . Aranei marini . Muff. T. Are unwholesome for indifferent stomachs ; though the poor Orcadians eate them for hunger ; yet they are crafty fishes .

Rough-taile . Trachurus . Diocl. T. is a dry fish , Gal. And engendreth thick juyce ; but if broiled or rosted and put into vineger they are more pleasant .

Swallow-fish . Hirundo . Salv. T. Hath hard flesh , and therefore hardly concocted ; yet nourishing much when concocted . They are better boiled than broiled ; and Rondeletius saith they are like the Mullet , in flesh and juyce .

Stock-fish . Asellus aridus . Muff. T. The Stilliard merchants lay it 24. houres in strong lye , and then as long againe in warme waters , after , they boile it in abundance of butter , and so serve it in with Pepper and salt , which way it is most nourishing , being made tender , moist , and warm . Whilest unbeaten it's called Buckhorn , and Stock-fish after .

Sword-fish . Gladius . Aldrov . T. Is a very fat fish , in the back like a Hogge . The flesh is dry , hardly concocted ; but nourisheth much if well concocted , as also all other great Fishes . Sym. Seth. They are of bad juyce , hardly concocted and naufeous ; but if eaten , they are to be corrected with sharp sauces , drinking old and thin wine afterwards ; but if young they are better , and Jovius compareth them with Sturgian . Muff. They are much whiter and pleasanter in taste than Tuny .

Suckstone . Remora . Aldrov . T.V. They hinder venery and abortion . They are said also by their magnetick vertue to stop ships .

Sea Serpent . Serpens marinus . Bell. T. Is edible . V. Plin. With Lillie roots they help the incontinency of urine .

Sea Hauke . Aquila marina . Aldrov . T. Hath a very moist and soft flesh , but Philotimus saith it's hard . Bell. And rank , therefore it 's to be eaten with alliate sauce . Salv. It 's an unpleasant Fish , and not sweet , and therefore eaten only by poor people .

Shads . Triches . Clupeae . Muff. T. Have a tender and pleasant flesh ; but in some moneths they are full of bones , and so , daingerous to be eaten . They nourish much , especially those of the Severn , being lesse viscous , and not so hypnotick . They are best in May , Iune , and July , being then fullest of flesh , and freest from bones .

Stickle-backs , Hackles : or Harry bannings , Pungitii , Spinachiae . Muff. T. Are naught and unwholesome , yet they serve better to quench hunger , than to nourish . Some think they are engendred of the miscarrying sperm of other fishes , and others of mud or raine putrified .

Thrush-fish . Turdus . Athen. T. They are very difficultly concocted ; yet Pliny counteth them good . Gal. They are soft , tender , friable , of good juyce , easily concocted , and fit for those that are either well or sick . Tral . Or the pleuritick , and epileptick , being without excrement . Gariopont . or hidropick . Aet . or troubled with the collick from pituitous and cold humours . Salvian Used them for the sick , boiled in water , or white broth . And fryed them for such as were well . Platina broild them , and eate them with mustard .

Alphestes . Rond . T. Is of the same flesh and substance as other saxatile fishes . sc. tender , soft , friable and not glutinous . Their broth looseneth the belly . They are good fryed : or they may be prepared with salt , meale , and boiled in oile . When cold they may be eaten with the juyce of Oranges . They are a good food for the sick , being easily concocted , and engendring temperate bloud . Their gemmes , by their colour presage the tranquility of the Sea , &c. Kiran. And are used in Philtra's they are called Opisiani and draconisii .

Anthias . Aldrov . T. is sweet , a little astringent , of much nourishment , hardly evacuated , and the more carnose , terrestriall , and lesse fat are most nourishing : Kiran. The gall , applied with honey helps pushes and makes a florid countenance ; but the fat helps carbuncles , swellings , schrophula's , do●hiens and the steatomata . Their stones worne help all passions of the head and neck .

Atherina . Rond . T. Is dry enough , and of pleasant taste . Kiran. Their broth looseneth the belly , and helpeth the reines .

Amia . Archip. T. Is sweet and delicate . Archest . They are best in Autumne . Hices . They are of good juyce , tender , of mean excretion , nourishing little . Archest . They may be rosted under embers in Figge leaves , with Organie .

Albus . Aldrov . T. Hath hard flesh , and is therefore hardly concocted , it is so insipid that it 's counted the worst of Fishes , neither can it be made well tasted , by any cookery ; yet torrefied it's more pleasant ; but it 's used when there are no other Fishes , so Salv.

Blatta Bizantina . Vnguis odoratus . Schrod . T. The shell smelleth like castoreum . V. Used inwardly , it looseneth the belly , softeneth the spleen , and discusseth vitious humours : outwardly suffumigated it helps the strangulation of the womb , and Epilepsy , and worketh the same effects , as others shells .

Concha . Jonst . T. The flesh is often eaten crude or broiled by the Indians , the shells serve for many purposes . Schrod . They dry , provoke sweat , and cleanse , &c. Therefore they are used inwardly in feavers outwardly they are used in dentifrices abstersorie , and the piles : hereof is made Crollius his antefebrile , which provoketh sweat abundantly , given before the fit , especially against tertians , if iterated , the D. is Scrup. 1. sem. to drach . 1. It may be givē in a warm draught of beere with a little butter . The flesh helps quartans .

Cannes . Bell. T. Hath a tender flesh ; but harder than the Perch , so Diph. Therefore it 's of good juyce , and not uneasily concocted ; it 's insipid , Salv. And therefore slighted . It may be dressed as the Perch and other Saxatile fishes . Xenoc. When fryed they are pleasant ; but hurtful to the stomach .

Chromis . Rond . T. It 's a pitiful Fish ; yet that of Bellonius is good . And Hicesius reckoneth them so .

Cantharus . Xenoc. T. Is pleasant , of good juyce , nourishing much , and being easily digested loosening the belly , but this rather agreeth to the Fish Citharus : Rond . This being too soft , moist and bad . If boiled it looseneth the belly . If fryed , or sod with Saffron , Cinnamon , Pepper , Ginger , Onions and Oile , or dryed it's better .

Citharus . Gal. T. Is of a meane flesh , Xenoc. ungrateful to the stomach , engendring bad juyce , and not easily corrupted . It 's good broiled .

Corax . Athen. T. Hath a hard flesh ; but not contemptible .

Catulus . Aldrov . T. The flesh is hard , viscid , and virulent : the greatest are best .

Centrina . Aldrov . T. Hath a nervous flesh , viscous and glutinous , unsweet , and rank . So it 's hardly concocted , and of bad juyce , the liver is tender but unpleasant , yeelding an oile when fryed . V. This mollifieth the liver , Rond . And strengthneth it , especially with astringents . And helps arthritick paine . Applied with honey it helps suffusions . The skinne serves to polish withall . The ashes cleanse and dry running ulcers of the head and provoke urine .

Caper . Salv. T. Hath a hard and unpleasant flesh , and is more hardly concocted than the Citharus .

Conchylium . Jonst . T. V. All the parts are used in Medicine . Burnt ; it 's of the same effect as the Purple and Buccinum . Gal. The flesh with other things helps the eares .

Chama . Jonst . T. The flesh is hard , Diph. But it causeth copious and good juyce .

Dentalium and Entalium . Schrod . T. V. Both are as yet but little used , and not but in the Citrine ointment ; but it 's probable they may be used in the like cases , as other shell-fishes .

Faber . Rond . T. Hath a lesse hard flesh , than the Turbot . Salvian counteth it tender enough and friable , easily concocted , and of good juyce enough , therefore they are reckoned amongst wholesome Fishes , also sweet , and noble Fish . Salv. They are to be fryed and irrorated with the juyce of Oranges , or boiled in water , and a like quantity of wine with oile , salt , sweet herbs , and spices .

Farra . Aldrov . T. Hath a white and sweet flesh , not inferiour to that of Trouts .

Gobergus . Aldrov . T. Hath a harder flesh , than the Fish Afinus , and lesse glutinous than molva : if steeped in water , or beaten , they are eaten by poor rusticks .

Glaucus . T. Arist. they are always a like good . The head is the best . Mnesith . They are hardly concocted , and after yeeld much aliment . Trall . They help the collick , Gal. And those that are stomachick . V. Plin. Taken in broth they cause milk , and the liver helps warts .

Huso , Ichthiocolla . Schrod . T. The glue dryeth , filleth and a little softeneth . It 's used in gellies : boiled with white Sugar it becommeth white , and is called mouth glew . It 's made by boiling the dissected parts in warm water , to the consistence of a poultise . Albert . The flesh of Huso in the back , tasts like Veale , the belly like Porck , and when fresh , is very sweet . The egges serve to make Caviare of .

Ichthiocolla . Rond . T. Is sweet and glutinous . Plin. It helpeth night Wheales , and smootheth the skinne Drunk , it helps the Lethargy . It serves to glew instruments withall .

Hippurus . Aldrov . T. Hath a sweet , fat , and hard flesh .

Julis . Gal. T. Is a saxatile Fish , having a tender and friable flesh , as the rest , and fit for sick persons . They may be fryed , or sod in white broth . V. Diosc . The broth looseneth the belly , Plin. And provoketh urine ; so that of all Fishes .

Lupus . Aldrov . T. The Ancients placed them next the Sturgian . Rond . The liver broiled and seasoned with the juyce of Oranges is most delicate , the best are taken in the Sea . Xenoc. The best is the middle sized , being tender , of good juyce , sweet , pleasant to the stomach , nourishing much , of easy distribution , and soone evacuated . They are good boiled any may , or in white broth . with spices they cause venery . V. Marcel . Applied they help hard swellings . The stones in their heads help the hemicrania , and nephritis . The gall applied with honey sharpens the sight , and helps their spots . The spawn helps the stomach .

Lavaretus . Aldrov . T. The flesh is white , soft , sweet , not glutinous , of good juyce , and of mean nourishment .

Loligo . Jonst . T. is edible , both broiled and rosted . V. Gal. They help those that are stomachick . Marcel . Broiled they help the tormina .

Lepus marinus , or Sea Hare . Jonst . T. V. They are reckoned amongst the Psilothrons . Archig . The bloud applied with wool helps the Aegylops . Plin. The bloud used warm and fresh helps the gout . The antidote is black Hellebore , Asses milk , and the decoction of mallows .

Mormyrus . Athen. T. nourisheth much ; yet Salvian , and Rondeletius deny it , having a soft flesh , very moist , lutulent , and insipid , they are good with vineger and oile , being broiled .

Membras . Aldrov . T. yeelds a moist and flatulent aliment .

Molva . Rond . T. They are better when fresh , than when salted or dryed . Their flesh being then glutinous , the thin humour being then evacuated . Some make the Fish glew of the intestines hereof .

Murex . Xenoc. T. If salted they are virouse , trouble the belly , provoke urine , are unpleasant , hardly concocted , and cause phlegme . Yet Celsus and Scribonius Largus count them acceptable to the stomach . V. The flesh applied helps haires on the Dugs . the ashes of the shells with oile help tumours . With honey they help ulcers of the head , cleanse spots in the face , help swellings behind the eares , and are used in dentifrices . Marcel . They help carbuncles in the privities .

Musculus . Jonst . T. The marine yeeld good nourishment , those in sweet water have hard flesh , and are hardly concocted , and of bad juyce . V. They provoke urine . The marine with oile help tumours and paines of the ankles . Gesn . The aquatile help wests in the eyes of cattle . sc. The ashes with ginger and vitriol .

Nasus . Aldrov . T. The flesh is white and loose , and full of little bones . They are best in the spring ; & broiled , rather than boiled .

Orphus . Athen. T. They are of good and much juyce , glutinous , hardly corrupted , nourishing much , and provoking urine . The parts about the head are glutinous , and easily concocted ; but the carnose are hardly concocted , and more heavy ; yet the taile is more tender . Trál . They help bilious paines of the eyes : also the collick and diabates .

Orphidion . Rond . T. The flesh is white and hard , like that of the Dragon , and with rue helps the incontinency of urine .

Pagrus . Sym. Seth. T. Is hardly concocted , and causeth phlegme Hicef . They are sweet , astringent , sufficiently nutritive and hardly evacuated ; but the carnose , more terrene , and lesse fat , are more nutritive .

Pigus . Aldrov . T. In taste and juyce , they are like the Carp , Rond . But somewhat better . Salv. The flesh is tender , and sapid , it 's best in the beginning of summer .

Pinna . Nakre . Jonst . T. V. They provoke urine , and are difficultly concocted and distributed . Wott . They are best when tender , full , and carnose , young , and in the summer . The Mean have a soft , white , and sweet flesh , in wine they are flatulent .

Pompilus . Aldrov . T. Is thought to have the same use in meat , as the Tunie .

Scarus . Aldrov . T. Is of a soft and friable flesh ; yet Celsus counteth it hard . Trallianus commendeth it in the Epilepsy , and Aetius in the collick . Gal. V. The gall helps suffusions of the eyes , so the liver eaten , and the Parotides .

Sphyraena . Rond . T. Is white , sweet , hard and dry ; yet some what friable , and like the flesh of Asellus .

Sargus . Epicharm . T. They are sapid , and pleasant , of good juyce , easily digested , & nourishing much . They are good broiled , with cheese and vineger . Gariopont . They help the Dropsy . The teeth help the toothach .

Sparus . Diph. T. Is sharp , of tender flesh , acceptable to the stomach , diuretick , and not hardly concocted , except fryed . Salv. It 's of a midle flesh .

Scorpaena . Aldrov . T. That living in pure water is not unpleasant , they may be eaten fryed .

Smaris . Hesyc . They are very good Fishes ; Aeg. V. The head helps the Alopecia . Diosc . The ashes help ulcers of the mouth , and corns : the flesh helps bitings of Scorpions , and Dogges . With Ptisan they cause milk in nurses . Applied they help warts , and pustuls of the privities .

Saurus . Philot. T. Hath soft flesh . Gal. or mean and sweet . It may be eaten broiled or boiled .

Scolopax . Aldrov . T. Is of good juyce , and easy concoction , like the Fish Pagrus .

Salmerinus . Aldrov . T. Is tender , fat , quickly putrifying , not viscid , but friable , and of good juyce , easily concocted .

Sarachus . Salv. T. Is a good Fish , not easily concocted , of thickish juyce , and meanly nutritive . Their oile serves , for Lamps .

Solen . Jonst . T. The flesh is sweet ; they may be eaten fryed or boiled .

Trochi . Jonst . T. eaten crude with onions , they cause appetite .

Umbla . Aldrov . T. Is sweet , dry , and hard when old . They are best about November and December their egges being then good and solid .

Zygaena . Aldrov . T. Hath a hard and unpleasant flesh . Aeg. Mucous , excrementitious and of ill juyce .

Pholas . Jonst . T. V. Athen. They are pleasant to the pallate ; but of evil juyce , and virouse . They live in hollow places , and so amongst stones , that they can hardly be perceived , and are then nourished by the water through a narrough passage . As for their description , they consist of two shells , which are long , and roundish . Their flesh within is almost like that of Mussels . They are generated by the appulse of the Sea water , in the hollownesse of stones , and are so turned into shel-fishes , and retaine the figure of their cabbins .

Lepas seu Patella . Jonst . T. V. They are eaten raw by fisher men : if boiled , they are more easily concocted , especially if not boiled too much . The broth looseneth the belly . They are used also to catch Fish withall ; a superstitious example whereof may be seene in the fore mentioned authour . As for their description , they stick unto stones , their mouth is towards the earth , and the passage for evacuation of their excrements is upwards . Their shells are of an ash colour , they have hornes like a Snaile , as also a head and mouth like thereunto . They are great or little , as to their differences .

Tajasica . Marcg . T. V. Being boiled and rosted , it tasteth well , and is of a very white and friable flesh .

Paru . T. V. Jonst . Is edible , so Pira Acangata , Acarauna , Pranema , Acarapucu , Pudiano vermetho , Pudiano verde , Juruucupeba , Jaguaruca , Carauna , Cururuca , Guatacuba Juba , Pira Jurumenbeca , Tamoata , Acara Pinima , Uubarana , Capeuna , Acarapitamba , Jaguacaguare , Tareira d'Alto , Tareira de Rio , Piratiapia , Ceixupira , Piquitinga , Guaracapema , Miivipera , Guaibi Coara , Guaperua , Piraqu , Pirhanha , Amore Guacu , Guacari , Pirambu , Acaraia , Acara , Guaru-Guaru , Cucupu-Guacu , Maturaque , Carapo , Piaba , Piabucu , Nhaquunda , Amore Pixuma , Amore Tinga , Guara Tereba , Piacoaba , Corocoro , Guatucusa , Uribaco , Camaripuguacu , Piratia Pua , Curema , Aramaca , which are scaled , and edible : The smooth are , Petimbuaba , Nhambdia , Curuata Pinima , Mucu , Abacatuaia , Timucu , Guebucu , Bagre , Jabebirete , Niqui . Those that are not altogether smooth and edible are , Guamaiacu Attinga , Narinari , Tiburonis : as also Pisces Anthropomorphos , Axototl ; Michipillin , Amilotl . These are the useful , more strange , exotick Fishes ; used in meat : but as to Medicine , very little or nothing is mentioned , as to their use .

Zoophyts or Plantanimals .

JOnst . They are called Vrticae , T. Which are edible ; yet were formerly forbid by Pythagoras to his Schollers , they provoking venery : Aristotle , commends them much after the Hiemall Equinoctiall : now , they are usually put upon a spit , and so rosted , being made warme in water & salt ; then they sprinkle them with meal , and fry them with butter and oile : according to Xenocrates , they are pleasant to the mouth , but ungrateful to the stomach ; but Diphilus saith they are eustomachick , but preferreth the rosted before those that are boiled . They loosen the belly , and provoke urine more . With mulse wine , they are easily concocted and evacuated . V. As for Medicine , some say , that being drunk in wine , they help those that are troubled with the stone : Gal. Jonst . With vineger of squils they are a Psilothron . As for their general description , they have a mouth in the midst of them , which is more visible in those that are greater ; so Aristot. They have no excrements in them , and herein they are like roots . They live , and are generated in diverse places . Some of them alwayes stick unto stones : others that are more perfect and loose , delight in the shores and plaine places . They live upon fishes and flesh , which they often take . They are generated as shellfishes . They catch fishes by contracting themselves , and when before them extending themselves , and so holding them as in reeds . In the night they seek shel-fishes . When they are touched they contract themselves , and send forth a greate heate .

Pulmo marinus . T. Is of the like nature , &c. The decoction of which is commended by Physitians . V. They serve as a Psilothron , the pouder applied mightily purgeth fluxes . Boiled in water it helps the stone . A stick rubbed therewith will seeme to burne . In the Sea they are full of water , and out of it are empty . They remaine amongst stones and reeds .

Tethyia . T. If red is edible , the pale and subluteous are bitterish . Xenoc. They yeeld much nourishment . V. They help the tormina and inflations , tenesmus and vices of the reines , eaten they ease the paines of the sides . They help the sciatica , and superior venter with rue , and the cachexie with rue and honey . They are in the Ocean neere France amongst the Sea Mosse , and Sea Herbs : their covering is betwixt a crust and a skinne , they stick unto stones and are without excrements . There are others mentioned by Jonston , as the malum granatum , fungus marinus , pyrum , penna marina . cucumer marinus , malum insanum , manus marina , & uva marina , which are of little or no use .

OPHIOLOGIA , Of Serpents .
A.
Adder . Coluber . P. In Hedges , Brakes , and Ditches , and other places . M. They live upon Mice , and Frogges , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Colubra . Gall. Colenure . Ital. Scorsoni , Hisp. Culebra .

ADder . Tops . T. They are hotter that Snakes , and therefore live more in the shadowes . V. Plin. The water wherein they have been preserved alive , helps against the poyson of a Toad : Also they , or Vipers being put into a pot , with the Scrapings of vines and so burnt to ashes , help Wens or the Kings evil . Pliny affirmeth also that the fat or gall preserveth from the Crocodile . H. As for their biting , it is very daingerous , presently causing swounings , tumours , and mutation of colour : these are the signes . R. But the remedie is white wine , aqua vitae , Triacle and Mithridate , with scarrification . Their description is needlesse they being well known . They lie round , and cast their skinne by sliding through a narrow passage , after fasting . They lay down their poyson when drinking .

Ammodyte . Ammodytes . P. In Lybia , Italy , and Illyria , in the Sand. M. Their meate is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , Ammodyta . Centrites . Centria . Monoceros .

Ammodyte . Matth. T. They are very venimous : and their harmes not inferiour to the stinging and poyson of Aspes ; some dying thereof within three houres after the wound received , else quickly after the bloud issueth forth abundantly , and the wound swelleth , afterwards all is turned into matter , and then followeth dulnesse in the head , and distraction in the mind : they never live above 7. dayes , so Jonst. and those dye first that are hurt by the female , they by their biting infusing a vehement paine , which causeth swelling , and therfore to runne : thus for the signes : Aet . The remedy is Triacle drunk and applied , and attractive plaisters , with scarrification , binding the upper parts hard , and launcing the sore , drinking water with rungwort , gourds , castorium and cassia . Avic . Also Cinamon , the root of Centory , hartwort , and the ●uyce of the root of gentian ; also a plaister of hony sod and dryed , to pounded , with the roots of Pomegranats , Centory , the seed of Flax and Lettuce , and wild Rue . As for the description , they have a hard wart like a borne upon the upper chap , the head is longer and greater than the Vipers , and the chaps wider ; yet they may be termed a kind of Vipers . They are very fierce , of a cubits length , with diverse black spots on the skinne , and small lines on the back .

Aspe . Aspis . P. In Afrike and Spaine in dry places . M. Their meate is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Sacer Coluber Propert. Hypnalis .

Aspe . Mercur. T. V. They are not used in Medicine ; By reason of their poyson . The Femals bite with 4. teeth , and the Males with two , infusing their poyson . The Ptyas kills by spitting , smell or touch , the wound is hardly discovered , the poyson piercing inwardly and the pricks , not being much greater than the prickings of a needle , without all swelling , and a very little bloud issueth forth , and that black , afterwards the eyes grow dark and heavy , with paine all over the body , yet with some sence of pleasure ; the colour groweth green , & the fore head wrinkled , with stupidity , gaping , and the convulsion . Those that are hurt by the Ptyas , have blindnesse , paine in the heart , deafenesse and swelling of the face . The hurt of the Chalidonian Aspe is known by the often beating of the pulse , frigidity , paine in the stomach , deep sleep and vomiting . These are the signes : so theirs is the worst of all poysons , death presently following . The cure is by incision , cauteries , cupping glasses , and cocks rumps applied , also by dilatation , scarrification Mercur : and rue , &c. and against the congelation , Mithridate , Triacle , and Aqua vitae , with fomentation , friction , and exercise ; but when the wound groweth purple , green , or black , shewing extinction , and suffocation , the part is to be cut off , after cupping glasses and scarrification , applying centorie , myrrhe , and opium , or sorrel plaisterwise , with motion , and fomentation with Sea-water , or yew leaves with butter , and a plaister of branne . Vomiting also is good , drinking juyce of yew with Triacle , or Wine , Garlick , Opopanax , Organic , bearded Thapsia , Gilliflowers , red Violets , and avens boiled in Wine vineger . Using unc. 3. at a time . So Par. Aet . Also a good draught of the sharpest vineger . Some use Garlick and stale Ale , or Aniseeds . Some use Hartwort , Parsly-seed , and Wine : or Aron drunk with Oile of Bayes in black Wine ; the stomach may be helped by the fruit of Balsam , the powder of Gentian , or juyce of Mints , so Castorium , with Lignum cassiae , and the skinne of a Storks maw , or cimices : also Citrons , Egyptian Periwinkle drunk in Vineger , red Corall in wine , henbane , bitter hoppes , and the urine of a man or Tortise . Matth. Diosc . So the quintessence of Aqua vitae . As for the description , they are like Land Snakes , but broder in the back . Their eyes are in their temples . Their teeth are long , & full of holes , which are covered with a skinne , that slideth up when they bite , and letteth out the poyson . Their skales are hard dry and red . The Ptyas is about 2. cubits long , the Chersen of the earth five . The Chelidonian one , and the shortest killeth soonest . The last resembleth the Swallow , and liveth in the water . The Ptyas is of an ash colour , flaming like gold and greenish . The Chersen is green . Their voice is hissing like all other Serpents . They live as it were in marriage , revenge injuries , and are enemies to the Ichneumon .

B.
Boas . Boa . P. They have been taken , in Senega , and Italy . M. They live upon Cows milk and Cattle . N. Bova . Anguis Caprimulgus . Ital. Serpeda de aqua .

BOas . Fest. T. V. The poyson causeth tumours and swellings in the body . As for the description ; they goe upon their belly , and grow to be above an 100. foot long : and kill not cattle till they are dry , and then they eate them , destroying whole heards .

C.
Cockatrice . Regulus . P. In Affrick , as also in other places . M. Of Frogges , Serpents , and other creatures . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Pethen . Ch. Armene . Sibulus .

COckatrice . Tops . T. Their poyson is hot , venimous , and infecteth the aire round about ; so that no other creature can live by him ; he killing by his hissing , sight , and touch , both mediately and immediately , having an universal poyson , yeelding a burning fume , and therefore , they burne up the grasse where they goe ( which sheweth their dennes ) . Their sight killeth men , the beams thereof corrupting the visible spirit . Their biting turneth the bloud into choller , causeth yellownesse , and after the flesh falleth off . V. The powder of the flesh is said to give silver the tincture of gold . As for the description . They goe half upright , and have a comb like a Cock : they are feared by all other Serpents , when seen or heard . Some say they are bred of the egge of Ibis the bird , others of that of a Cock , arising from the concretion of sperm and putrifying heat . They hate Weasels and Cocks .

D.
Dart. Sagitta . P. In Lybia , Rhodes , Lemnus , Italy , and Sicilia . M. Their meate is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Jacularis . Jaculus . Serpens volans .

DArt . Matth. T. Their poyson causeth present death . Aet . Avic . The cure of their bitings , if there be any at all is the same which cureth that of the Viper . V. The gall hereof , which lyeth betwixt the back and the liver , mixed with the Scythian stone ; yeeldeth a very good eye salve . As for the description . They are about 3. or 4. foot long ; and gaine their prey , by leaping in spires on passengers , though 20. cubits distant .

Dipsas . Dipsas . P. Neere Waters , and salt Marishes , in Africa and Arabia . M. Their meate is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Causon . Situla . Melanurus . Ammoatis .

Dipsas . Gal. T. Their poyson is very fiery : in so much that those that are bitten by them are intollerably thirsty , and drink till the belly breaketh , other Symptomes are like those of the bitings of the Viper : also the patient cannot make water ; vomit , or sweate . The signes of death following are , great thirst , and inflammation of the body , so that the parts outwardly are dry as parchment . The remedy is scarrification , cauteries , and section . If in the extremity , apply Triacle , Tarre with Oile , Hens dissected , the leaves of purslain beaten in vineger , barley meale , bramble leaves pounded with honey ; also plantain , hysop , white garlick , leeks , rue , and netles : abstaining from sharp and salt meates , and drinking oile to cause vomit , and making clysters of the same ; some use the leaves , and barke of laurell . As for the description , they are lesse than Vipers ; but kill sooner . They are about a cubit long , the fore part is thick , the head small , and they are smaller backwards , and the taile very little , and black , and the other whitish , with black and yellow spots .

Double-head . Amphisbaena . P. They are in the Isle Lemnos , often in Lybia . M. Their meate is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Amphicaephalos . Amphisilene .

Double-head . Tops . T. They are very venimous , their wounds are very small and scarsly discernable ; but the accidents are inflammation and a lingring death , &c. Like to those of the bitings of Vipers ; so the cure . Plin. And Coriander drunk and applied . Grevin . H. The dead Body passed over by childing Women , causeth abortion . V. An olive branch wrapped in the skinne helps numbnesse . As for the description , their Body is of equal magnitude . Their eyes are usually shut , the colour earthy : And the skinne rough , hard , and spotted . They are hot , lay egges , and carefully looke to the same . They are soonest destroyed by vine branches : and have an antipathy against humain nature . Hereunto is the Scytal , Scytale , like , in poyson , cure , and body , and going ; but that it goeth one way onely .

Dragon . Draco . P. In India , Africa , Ethiopia , and Hesperia . M. Of Fruits , Herbs , and venimous creatures . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Thanin . Chald. Darkon .

Dragon . T. Some say that they hurt more by their biting & striking with their tails , than by their poyson . The males bite deepest , yet no great paine followeth upon the wound . The cure is like that of the bitings of other beasts , that are not venimous . Hay-dust is good , also the Barble , or head of a Dog with Euphorbium . V. The fat of a Dragon dryed in the Sun helps creeping ulcers , and dim eyes with honey and oile . The eyes with honey made into an ointment , are thought to prevent night visions . Magicians used them to cause victory . The fatt driveth away venimous beasts , some say that the Sanguis Draconis , is made of the bloud hereof . The tongue of the Sea Dragon is said to cause safety , and the fatt with the herb-dragon helps the headach , scab , and leprosy .

Dryine . Chelydrus . P. They live and abide in the bottomes of Oakes . M. They live upon Froggs and the like . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Druinae . Querculus . Ilicinus . Cherisidal .

Dryine . Tops . T. Are very venimous and hot , therefore they are placed among the first rank of Serpents : The smell thereof so stopifying a man , that it almost strangleth him , nature refusing to breath , rather than to draw in such a filthy aire . When they hurt they cause the skinn to be loose , stinking and rotten ; and the eyes to be blind and painful : It restraineth the urine , causeth neezing , and maketh to vomit bloudy matter . Being troad upon the foot looseth its skinn , and the smell causeth all things to smell of the same ; so they kill both by touching and smelling . When it hath wounded or bitten , there is a black or red swelling about the sore , and vehement paine over the whole body , with pustuls , madnesse , drinesse , thirst , trembling , and mortification , thus for the signes . The cure is like that of Vipers : Also hartwort drunk in wine , trefoile , or the roots of daffodils , and a cornes powdered and drunk . As for the description , they are about two cubits long , full of skales , under which breed yellow flies , which destroy the same . Their smell is like that of a wett Horse hide : Their back is blackish , the head broad and flat , and their Captaine hath a white comb on the head . They goe directly on the earth , to avoid noise and smell .

H.
Haemorrhe . Haemorrhous . P. They live in Aegypt , and the Indies , neere rocks . M. Their meat is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Affodius . Sabrine . Halsordius .

HAemorrhe . Tops . T. Their bitings cause a continual bleeding sweat , with extream paine till death , and bloudy excrements . The place bitten is black , from which floweth first a watery humour , then paine in the stomach and difficulty of breathing : Lastly there is a dissolution of the powers of the body , with a cramp , after which followeth death , thus of the signes . The cure is by scarrification , ustion , & sharp meats , &c. as in that of the Dipsas : Also vine leaves bruised and sod with honey , the powder of the head drunk , garlick with the oile of flower-deluce , and raisins of the sunne , with plaisters used to the place , made of vine-leaves and honey ; or the leaves of purslain and barley meale , eating much garlick with oile to cause vomiting , and drinking wine alayed with water : Then let the wound be washed with cold water , and the bladder be fomented with hot spunges . Some cure it as that of the Viper , also by the eating of hard eggs with salt fish , as also the seed of radishes , juyce of poppy , lilly roots , daffodil , rue , trefoile , Cassia , opopanax , and cinamon drunk . As for the description , they are of a sandy colour , a foot long , having a small taile , flaming eyes , and small head , with the appearance of horns . They goe straight , slowly , and halting : Their skales are rough and sharp , therefore they make a noise when they goe . Their bodies are spotted with black all over .

Horned Serpent . Cerastes . P. They live , in the Lybian sandy Seas . M. They live upon birds , which they catch by craft . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Arab. Cerust . Heb. Schephiphon .

Horned Serpents . Tops . T. They are immoderately dry , and therefore their poyson is most pernicious ; causing death , if it be not holpen within nine dayes : And at first about the wound there groweth hardnesse , and then pustules , lastly black , earthy and pale matter . The genital standeth out straight , the patient falleth mad , his eyes grow dimme , and nerves immanuable , on the head of the wound groweth a scab , and there is continual pricking , as with needles : thus of the signes , and symptomes . The cure is by cutting the flesh unto the bone , or dismembring : Applying Goats dung fod with vineger or garlick , and vineger and barly meale , or the juyce of cedar , rue , or nep , with salt and honey , or pitch and barly meale , &c. And inwardly , with daffodil and rue drunk , radish seed , Indian cummin , with wine , castoreum , & calamint , with emeticks . As for the description , they are two cubits long , of a sandy colour , with two hornes , teeth like a Viper , & a gristle for a back-bone .

L.
Lizard . Lacerta . P. They live almost every where in the fields . M. Of grashoppers , snailes , and bees , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Letaah . Ch. Haltetha . Arab. A●aia .

LIzard . Tops . T. Their flesh eaten causeth inflammation and apostemation , head-ach and blindness , ( sc. of those in Italy ) . The eggs kill speedily , except helped by Falcons dung and wine . When they bite , they leave their teeth in the place , which continually aketh , until taken out : The cure is by sucking the place , then putting in cold water , and afterwards making a plaister of oile and ashes . V. The medicines of the flesh , are the same as of the Crocodile , and the flesh very hot ; therefore it maketh fatt : The Henns being eaten , that are fed with their fatt mixed with wheate meale , halinitre , and cumin . Card. The same given to Hawkes causeth them to change their feathers . Being dissected , or the head beaten with salt draweth out nailes or splents . With oile it causeth haire to grow upon the head : Dissected and applied hot they cure the stingings of Scorpions and Wenns . Formerly they used dry Lizards bruised to draw out teeth without paine . And sod and stamped with meale or frankincense , they , applied them to the forehead , to cure watering eyes . The same burned to powder and mixed with cretick honey to an ointment , cureth blindnesse . Their oile put into the care helpeth deafenesse , and driveth out worms . The bloud anointed fasting keepeth children from swelling in the belly and leggs . Also the liver and bloud wrapped up in wool draw nailes and thornes out of the flesh , and cure freckles . The urine ( if there be any ) helpeth the rupture in infants . The bones taken out of the Lizards head scarify the teeth , and the braine helps suffusions . The liver laied to the gumbs , or hollow teeth helps their paine . The dung purgeth wounds , and taketh away the whitenesse and itching of the eyes , and sharpeneth the sight , the same with water is used for a salve . Arnold . The dung with meale , the black being cast away , so dryed in a furnace , and softned with the water of nitre and froth of the Sea , afterwards applied to the eyes in a cloth , helps the former evils . The green Lizards , living in meadows and green fields in Italy , loving to Men , and enemies to Serpents . T. V. Are very useful , the skin hanged upon trees , and the gall used to the apples , keepe them from rotting , and drive away catterpillers . The flesh eaten helps those that have the sciatica . They are given to Hawkes without their touching them : a hath thereof causeth a Hawke to cast her old feathers . Eaten with sauces they help the falling evil . If sod with wine to a third part , and a spoonful taken every day they help diseases in the lungs . It also helpeth the loines , and may be prepared for the eyes . Brasavolus his oile hereof helpeth the face , and broken pasterns of a Horse , with a little vineger . The ashes reduce skars in the body , to their own colour . The bones cleansed , by inclosing them in a vessel of salt help the falling evil . The bloud applied in flocks of wool cures the beatings , bruizings , and thick skins in the feet of Men and Beasts . The eye is superstitiously used against quartans , and paine in the eyes ; so the bloud of the eyes taken in purple wool . The heart helps exulcerations of the kings evil . The gall takes away the haire of the eye lids . They need not be described , being known .

M.
Myllet . Cenchru . P. They live in Lemnus , and Samothracia , &c. M. Their meat is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cenchrines . Milliaris . Famusus .

MYllet , or Cenchrine . Tops . T. They are very hot , and therefore venimous in the second degree . Therefore putrifaction and rottennesse follow their biting , as also more deadly & unresistable evils , as drousinesse , sleepinesse , the lethargy , paine in the belly , especially the collick , paine in the liver and stomach , killing in two dayes , if it be not remedied . The cure is like that of the Vipers biting ; or take the seed of lettuce , flax-seed , savory stamped , wild rue , wild bettony , and daffodil drach. 2. in three cups of wine : drinking also after it , drach. 2. of the root of centaury or hartwort , nosewort , gentian , or sesamine . As for their description , they are spotted like millet seed , about two cubits in length , attenuated towards the taile , the colour is darke like the Millet , and is then most ireful when this herb is highest . They goe straight , therefore are avoided by winding too and fro . They are very daingerous and strong , and beate the Body with the taile , whilest they suck the bloud .

N.
Neute . Lacerta . P. They live in ditches , and hedges , and the like places . M. Their meat is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Lacerta aquatica .

NEute or water-lizard . Tops . T. Some apothecaries use them in steed of Scinks or Crocodiles of the earth ; but they are deceived , & deceive others in their vertues & operation , not having wholesome properties . They need no description , being well known . If taken they shut the mouth , they are bred in fatt waters and soiles . Their eggs are about the bignesse of a pease , they are soonest killed by salt ; for by strokes they will hardly dye . When angry they stand upon their hinder leggs , till the body be all white , by which their venimous nature is observed to be like the Salamander , though the water maketh their poyson the more weake .

P.
Pelias . Pelias . P. Their place is not much observed by writers . M. Neither their meat also . N. Or variety of names and Epithites .

PElias . Aet . T. Their bitings cause putrefaction about the wound ; yet not very daingerous , and it causeth dimnesse of the eyes , having an universal distribution . It 's cured by a ptisan with oile in drink , and a decoction of ditch docks , &c. used against the yellow jaundise . The head and eyes may be washed with the urin of a child or boy : After the body hath been purged , anoint it with balsame and honey , and use an ophthalmick salve : weeping also is good , evacuating the venime .

Prester . Piaster . P. Jun. and Tremell . Think them the fiery Serpents of the Israelites . M. Their meat is not much observed : N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Saraph , Calep.

Prester . Tops . T. Their venim is very hot and fiery : Therefore after it , the swelling is great , with distraction , conversion of the bloud to matter , and corrupt inflammation , hindering the respiration , also dimnesse of the fight , falling off of the haire , and at last suffocation , as it were by fire , thus of symptomes . The cure is by wild purslain , and castoreum drunk with opopanax and rue in wine , the diet being of Sprats . As for their description , They goe about panting with open mouth , by reason of their excessive heate .

S.
Salamander . Salamandra . P. In Trent , the Alps and Germany , in cold moist places . M. They live upon milk , and honey , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Arab. Saambros . Gall. Salamandre .

SAlamander . T. Is very cold , & their biting is deadly , Arnold . Having as many venims as colours . If they bite once they never let goe ; and if pulled away , they leave the teeth behind them , then there can never be any remedy , therefore they must be suffered to hang on , till they are wearied , and be put off by medicines : After it , followeth a great paine , and scabb upon the place . The cure is by the decoction of Froggs drunk , and the flesh applied . Their poyson is not inferiour to that of any other Serpent , poysoning fruit , and the spittle causing the haire to fall off , the poyson it selfe is hot , like that of the cantharides , and so cured : sc . by vomits , and clisters , &c. Yet they hurt not swine , they are most poysonsome when dead , by putrefaction . If taken inwardly , the tongue will be inflamed , the body tormented by cold , corruption and putrifaction , paines in the fundament and stomach , dropsies , cramps and the ischury . The cure is by calamint , cypress , galbanum , ammoniacum , and styrax , Cow-milk , scammony , and bacon . The powder helps cornes and is septick . Avic . As for their description , they are like the vulgar Lizard , but greater , their leggs are taller , and taile longer , they are also thicker and fuller , having a pale white belly , and one part of their skinne very black , the other like verdegrease , but both glistering , with a black line along the back , having many spotts like eyes , with baldnesse , out of which issueth a humour , that quencheth the heate of fire . They have foure feet ; and black and yellow spotts , with a great head , they breed like the Viper , and are bold , and very stout .

Seps . Sepedon . P. They live in rocks and hollow places . In Syria , &c. M. Their meat is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Putria . Selsir , Avic .

Seps . Tops . T. They are very venimous , causing the body to rot , which they bite with their hollow under teeth , which yeeld poyson , The skinn being pressed up . The signes of it are bleeding , tumours , matter smelling strong , languishing paine , whitenesie of the body , and falling off of the haire , after which the patient liveth not above three dayes . The cure is like that of the bitings of the Viper , Ammodyte , and Horned Serpent : Aet . Also a spunge wett in warme vineger , ashes of chaffe , butter and honey , or millet and honey , also bay leaves , oxymel , and parslain , eating salt fish . As for the description , they are about two cubits long , slender towards the taile , the head broad , and of many colours .

Serpent . Serpens . P. They live in dennes ; and hollow places , &c. M. Of dust , and living creatures . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Nachash . Ch. Cheveia . Arab. Haie .

Serpent . Tops . T. They are counted cold , therefore lie hid in the winter . V. Their intestines applied help their wounds . Avic . drach 1. of the powder of a black Serpent after long baring , taken in the surupe of honey for three dayes together helps the leprosy . Plin. Cels . The middle part eaten cureth the Kings evil . Tagault . The flesh eaten helps the elephantiasis , Pliny useth the right eye against rheume of the eyes , and the heart against the toothach . Paul . Venet. The gall of that of Caraiam taken in a small quantity helps bitings of a mad dog , causeth delivery , and applied helps the piles . Hipp. The sperm helps the suffocation of the belly . Myrepsus useth them against straines and hardnesse . Plin. The ashes applied with oile or wax help strumes , so drunk . The ashes thereof burnt with salt , and put with the oile of roses into the contrary eare help the toothach . Olaus Magnus maketh an unguent thereof against the morphew . The powder helps fistula's . Plin. The fatt mixed with oile helps strumes . Olymp. The fatt with Bulls gall , verdegrease , and honey anointed , helps barrennesse , Hipp. so used in a pessary . Mixed with the plaister of Jo. De Vigo , it helps all hardnesse , nodes , and other torments of the spanish pocks , also leprous swellings , pimples , and smootheth the skinn . Plin. With other things it causeth the haire to grow . The fume of an old Serpent helpeth the monthly course . Alois . The oile with the flowers of cowslips helps the gout . The powder of it after rosting , preserves from the leprosy , keepeth youth , causeth a good colour , cleareth the eyes , and preventeth gray haires , and the falling evil . It purgeth the head , and expelleth scabbinesse , &c. sc . that of the black Serpent . Chickens eaten that are fed with their heads and tailes minced , mingled with crumms of bread , or oates , help the leprosy . The dried skinne used to the tooth , helps the paine of a hot cause ; and any impostume or noli me tangere . If washed with spittle , and tied to the belly it facilitats delivery , if eaten it operates as Serpents . Their bloud is more pretious than balsam , used to the lips it makes them red , so the face , and prevents spots . It helps all scabs , and stench of the teeth . The fatt helps all rednesse , and spots , &c. in the eyes , and cleareth the eyes anointed on the lids . An ointment made of them with May butter helps the gout . They kill wormes in Harts . Rus . The decoction helps striking Horses : the fatt helps swellings on their backs : That which drops from them when rosting helps fistula's in their hoofes . Albert. The flesh of the speckled Serpent , makes Hawkes cast their feathers . Gal. The cast skinne of Serpents with Sea water helps bloud shotten eyes . The ashes thereof with oile of roses dropt into the eares , help all soares thereof , or stench , adding vineger if they are mattery : Some adde Bulls gall , and the flesh of Tortises boiled , Marcel . or the gall of a Calf . Diosc . Gal. If boiled in wine it cureth the tooth-ach , fomented , or the ashes put in with oile . Archig . The skin applied not burnt will make the teeth fall out . It cureth the phthiriasis , Gal. and the collick , sc. the ashes applied with oile . With the oile of roses it helps the bloudy flux , and tenesmus . Arnoldus useth the fume thereof with opopanax , myrrhe , galbanum , castoreum , sulphur , Madder , Pidgeons , or Hawkes dung , and Cows gall to bring forth the birth . Cardan useth it , to cause elequence , &c. Serpents may be driven away by the fume of hornes & hoofes , bay-leaves , bitumen , castoreum , galbanum , propolis , opopanax , sagapenum , panax , fleabane , melanthium , & all stinking things , as feathers , and haire , &c. also wormwood , and the water wherein sal ammoniacum hath been dissolved , sprinkled about ; or lime , and garlick . The cure of the poyson is by attractives , scarrification , cupping glasses , ligature , vomits , triacle , mugwort , & balme . Also Pidgions dissected and applied , and young things , sc. their fundament : Cauteries , Goats milk drunk & fomented ; new Hoggs dung , nitre , mustard-seed . Epigonus his plaister . Fumanel's oile . Oile of Scorpions , quicklime with honey and oile , black hellebore , garlick , sowthernwood , coleworts , onions , figgs , barley meale , birthwort , rocket , horehound , organy , basil , leekes , rue , & scabious . Inwardly mithridate , triacle , Galens zopyria . Mathiolus , his Q. bettony , rhubarb , agarick , and garlick , if within . They are generated of earth and water , and are full of enmity .

Slow-worme . Caecilia . P. They live in Greece , and England , in fields . M. Their meat is not much observed . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cophia . Cerula . Caecula . Surdaster .

Slow-wormes . Tops . T. Their poyson is very strong . If their wound swelleth it may be pricked with a brazen bodkin , and then apply fullers earth and vineger for cure . Oswald Some make a triacle of this Serpent , which smelleth like aqua vitae , which some use against the plague . Their description is needlesse , they breed young ones in their bowels . They come out of the earth in July , and goe in in . August . They are called blind worms also , and hurt not , if not provoked .

Snake . Anguis . P. In Naples , England , and all over the fenns . M. of froggs , leeches , newts , and fishes . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Chersydrus . That of the water , Enhydris .

Snake . Toppss . T. That of the water hath a fiery poyson , which presently is dispersed over the whole body , and when it cometh to the heart , the man presently falleth down dead . Therefore it is best if the foot be bitten to hang a man up by the heeles , or presently to cut off the part : The same may be said of the land Snake . Their venome is not inferiour to that of other Serpents : When they bite , there followeth great paine , inflammation , greennesse or blacknesse of the wound , dizzinesse in the head , and death within three dayes . The cure is by organy , stamped and applied with lye and oile ; or ashes of the root of an Oake , with pitch , or barley meale , mixed with honey and water , and sod at the fire . And in drink use wild nosewort , daffodil flowers , and fennel seed in wine , V. The liver of a snake is said to breake the stone in the bladder . The flesh applied helps the wound . Their old skinne as also of the Adder , rubbed on the eyes , helps the sight ; if boiled in wine when old , it helps the paine of the eares , so with tops of poppies dropped in . As for their stone called Serpentinus , see my Pammineralogy . They lay eggs about the bignesse of a bulleis .

V.
Viper . Vipera . P. They live in Arabia , Africa , Europe , and Asia . M. Of herbs , horse-flies , cantharides , and pithiocamps . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Aphgnath . Arab. Thiron . 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 .

VIper . T. Their flesh is hot & dry , & purgeth the whole body by sweat , also being eaten or drunk it helps the leprosy , so that of Tyrus , their heads & tailes being cut off : so their wine and broth , eating halfe a Viper at once , and fasting six houres after , Mus. if eaten they cure ulcers . Porphyr . It cleareth the eyes , helps the sinews , and represseth swellings . The ashes of their heads beaten together with the grossest decoction of bitter lupines used to the temples as an ointment stop rheums of the eyes , the same alone help dim eyes . The head burned & dipped in vineger helpeth wild-fire . The gall cleanseth the eye ; so the fatt with rosin , attick honey , and old oile . The slough helps the ringworm ; the powder thereof causeth the haire to grow . The powder of the whole drunk helps the gout , & swelling in the neck ; the oile wherein they are sodden helps joynt-aches , their liquour helps the palsey . The male maketh but two holes when he biteth , but the female maketh four , & these more deadly . There poyson killeth within three dayes , at the furthest . The signs and effects of their bitings are first rotten matter , bloudy or fatt , swelling of the flesh round about , blisters on the flesh , as if it were scorched , after which followeth putrifaction and death . The paine is universal as if the body were set on fire , with turning of the neck , twinkling of the eyes , darknesse , heavinesse of the head , weakenesse of the loines , thirst , frezing at the fingers ends , cold sweat , vomiting , colour changeable , bloudy gumms , inflammation of the liver , sleepiness , trembling , dysury , feavers , neezing , and the asthma , so Aet . Aeg. and Grevin . The cure is as in the bitings of other Serpents . Preventing spreading , by extraction , ligature , or section . Else the poyson may be sucked out , applying Hens cut a sunder , with scarrification , bathing with Sea water , or milk , and eating old butter , using cuppinglasses ; and a plaister of garlick , sharp onions , and triacle , drinking triacle wine , and garlick broth ; and the juyce of yew leaves . The matter is drawn out by Goats dung , powder of laurel , and euphorbium in wine , and after with unc. 2. of long birth-worth , unc. 1. of daffodil and briony , of galbanum and myrrh an . unc 1. with a sufficient quantity of oile of bayes and wax , used twice a day . Pareus used triacle with aqua-vitae and mithridate , and also ligature .

ENTOMOLOGIA . Of Insects .
B.
Bee . Apis. P. Almost every where , in England , and other places . M. Of honey , flowers , trees , and sweet herbs . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Mellis mater , Varr. Solisequa .

BEes . Aldrov . T. V. Those of Cumane feed hereon . Their ashes with Rats dung and oile of roses cause the haire to grow speedily , so also the ashes of walnut barke , chestnuts , beanes , and of the fruit of the date tree : Honey . T. is hot and dry , 2° . of thin parts , cleansing with a little acrimony , therefore it mooveth the belly , and provoketh urine : Therefore in hot bodies it 's soon turned into choller , and becometh bitter if boiled by the fire : So it ( as all hot things penetrate sooner , than the cold , ) doth quickly insinuate it self into the pores , and pleaseth the pallate thereby . The Ancients used it for the same purpose , in steed of sugar which wee now use . The smell thereof is strengthning , it nourisheth much , and preventeth putrefaction ; but it 's to be used moderately , and then it causeth a good colour , the sweetnesse thereof pleasing the parts , which then attract , retaine , and assimilate it , then the innate heate is increased , and after the colour flourisheth , the natural aliment being augmented . Valleriol . It 's good for old men , to prolong their age , so Galen , &c. and the use of mulse also : Which if drunk warm it helpeth the voice , if cold it exasperats it : Ruel . If made of old Austere wine and good honey , it is lesse flatulent , and may be quickly used : If old it nourisheth the body , the middle aged helps the belly , expels urin and filleth drunk first , and recals appetite . That made of Austere wine doth not so fill the stomach . The proportion of honey is one part , to six of Muste . The Melitite wine is used in long feavers , that have weakened the stomach , for it gently mollifieth the belly , provoketh urin , and purgeth the stomach : It helps the joynt griefe , vices of the reines , weake heads , & weake Women , it being of a good smell , and nourishing the body : It differeth from mulse , being made of old austere wine , and a little honey . But this , of one part of honey , with five of Austere muste , and one of salt . Hydromel serveth to quench the thirst . V. Plin. honey preventeth putrefaction ; having a pleasant taste , and not rough , it 's most profitable for the jaws , tonsils , quinsey , mouth , and drinesse of the tongue in feavers : If boiled it helps the peripneumonia and pleuresy and wounds by Serpents ; also against the poyson of toadstooles , and the palsy in mulse ; it 's dropped into the eares with oile of roses , it killeth nits and lice : When despumated it 's ever better ; but it causeth inflation of the stomach , increaseth choller , causeth nauseousnesse , and is hurtful to the eyes , yet applied it helps their exulcerated angles . Diosc . It is abstersive , opens the mouths of the veines , and evacuats humours , therefore it 's used in sordid and hollow ulcers . Being boiled and applied it glutinats flesh , with alume it helps ringworms . Dropped in warme with fossile salt , it helps the sounding of the eares , and paine thereof ; applied it killeth nits and lice . It covereth the glans . It discusseth the dimnesse of the eyes . And used in gargarismes it helps the jaws , tonsils , and quinsey ; it provoketh urine , helps the cough , bitings of Serpents , and against meconium , taken warme with oile of roses : Against the poyson of toads-stooles , and the bitings of a mad Dog , drunk . If eaten crude it causeth inflation in the belly , and provokes the cough , therefore the despumate is then best . Hipp. The comb macerated in water helps the second species of the pluresy . If taken it helps the tormina . The cremor of the combs boiled in water , or vineger , helps those that have fallen : The same infused in cold water helps the repletion of the lungs . It helps the falling out of the fundament . It 's good in cold disseases ; but hurtful in the hot , it being then turned into choller , and not nourishing . It 's unwholsome for those that are young and bilions , and all hot diseases . When depurated it 's good for a cold stomach ; it helps breeding of the teeth . Confections thereof cause spitting , and remoove filth of the skin and wounds . They cause medicines to passe quickely through the body , provoke urine , and cleanse the eares ; it 's to be mixed with remedies for ulcers , of the breast , lungs , and all antidotes . Applied it eateth up the filth of ulcers . It opens the jaws , by drawing humours . Prunes infused in the water thereof mollify the belly ; it cleares the eyes and face ; but the Attick is best to cleanse the face and eyes , to rub the rough tongue , provoke urine in old men , glutinate hollow ulcers , attenuate thick spittle , and to cause excreation : It helps the eating herpes , and acidity in the stomach . If it be taken without the mixture of water , it nourisheth more weakely , but looseneth the belly . Taken more copiously alone it purgeth the belly , so it 's to be abstained from in tertian feavers , but may be used in pituitous diseases . It helps the little ulcers in the mouth of children . Some say that eaten after wine , it hindereth it from flying to the head , and helps the appetite decayed by a pituitous cause . Celsus enumerats boiled honey among such things , that stop the belly , it then loosing it's acrimony . Nicand . It helps against opium , Martial , and the cough : Ovid. But causeth venery . Honied water causeth the beard to grow , helps the cough , and if heated it provokes vomit . It helps the poyson of cerusse , and henbane with milk . It 's used against the fistula's of the genitals . It 's used to the womb with soft bread , suddain tumours , luxations , and to lenify . Diosc . Melicrate hath the same nature as mulse , it 's used crude to loosen , cause vomiting , and against poyson with oile : When boiled it 's given to those that are weake , that have a feeble pulse , against coughs , peripneumonies , and those that sweat immoderately . It 's made of two parts of raine water and one of honey . If Austere it's used to quench thirst : So that of the Arabians , as also in cold diseases , especially of the brain , nerves , and joynts . Drunk in steed of wine it helps spitting , and evacuats matter , and thick phlegme out of the breast . It purgeth , cleanseth , and washeth the intestines , bowels , and urinary passages , therefore it helps the paines of the colon , loosens the belly , and prevents the stone : The proportion is one pound of honey to eight of water , gently to be boiled , despumated and percolated ; and if but little boiled , it causeth flatulency in the stomach , moveth the belly more , and nourisheth lesse ; but the contrary if more boiled : Some adde spices also to mulse , sc. ginger , saffron , cinnamon , mace , wood of aloes , gallia muscata and leven . That made of snow-water called chionomeli , is used , in hot feavers . Apomeli made of one part of honey , with foure of water , cleanseth , digesteth , purgeth choller , and provoketh urine ; but it 's bad for hot and dry constitutions , hot diseases , and heat of the midriffe , but it neither provoketh or quencheth thirst . Oxymel helps against Serpents , called Seps , against meconium , misseltoe , and quinsies , being gargled hot , it helps the eares and mouth , Diosc . taken it draweth out thick humours , helps the sciatica , epilepsy , and gout , it inciding and concocting . It 's made of one part of vineger , two of honey , and foure of water . The D. is unc. 1. to unc . 3. The destilled water helps the falling off of the haire , swollen and bleared eyes , and discusseth their aqueous films and darknesse , helping the ulcers of the corners : It helpeth burnings , especially in soft and tender places . The second reddish water purgeth out matter and filth out of putrid ulcers , applied with cloaths . The red helps deepe , creeping , and sordid ulcers mixed with unguents , and coloureth the haire : the white and yellow help suffusions and white spots in the eyes , especially with eye-bright , celandine , rue , the tops and seed of fennel , sagapenum , white sugar , ammoniacum , galbanum , and ocular herbs . The same hinder the falling off of the haire , make it red , and to grow . The golden coloured being six or seven times distilled , defendeth helth , preserveth life , helps catarrhs , coughs , and the splene , it strengthens nature , opens abstructions , prevents putrefaction , resists poyson , and stops urine . Andern . The oile of honey distilled helps podagrick paines & cureth wounds . H. Gal. Honey is biting to the eyes and eares , it pricketh the stomach , causeth incision , and if not concocted it causeth flatulency in the stomach and intestines . Hipp. If boiled it's troublesome , if used it causeth acid belchings , and bilious fluxes upwards and downwards , also tormina , flatulency , and repletion . It maketh the liver and spleen to swell . If taken fasting it presently satiats , it by reason of its sweetnesse and clamminesse so joyning to the stomach and liver , that they will not admit other meats , nor suffer it selfe easily to be distributed : Some say also , that if eaten often it will cause the scab . It preserveth dead bodies , antidotes , Card. and young trees : Being moist , thinne , sweet , temperate , and not subject to putrefaction . It also preserveth flesh and fruits . As for wax , it s begotten of the lachrymose and gummose parts of plants . The best is yellowish , sattish , pure , and sweet . It was used in writing , sealing , painting , ornaments , images , statues , candles , also to preserve dead bodies , and to fasten things together , with colophony , rosin , mastick , frankincense , sulphur , pitch , cerusse , turpentine , and Iacca . Gal. Wax T. is almost in a meane betwixt things hot , cold , moist and dry ; but it hath somewhat thick parts , and emplastick : Therefore it doth not only dry , but moisten by accident , sc. by hindring perspiration : Therefore it 's the matter both for hot and cooling remedies ; but in its own nature it weakely concocteth , having a little of the digesting and hot nature of honey . Aeg. It 's a little abstersive . V. Diosc . Being taken in broth it helps ulcers of the intestines , some use it in pills : And all wax , doth mollify , heate , and moderately filleth up bodies . It 's to be drunk against the dysentery , and tenne graines drunk hinder the curdling of milk in nourses . Plin. The white helps swellings in the groin . The fresh serveth to dilate , mollify , and ease paine : the white , to coole , dry , repel , harden , and bind . Rond . The white and artificial is used in masticatories , the yellow in suffumigations . The softer is used in cerots , unguents and plaisters . The yellow by reason of the aerial nature of the honey doth more mollify , relaxe , and ease paine , therefore it 's used to heate abscesses , mollify , concoct , and ripen them : The white as cooling , is more useful in inflammations of the reines , where the matter is to be repelled . Wax used alone helps the paronychia . Arist. The hornes of young cattle warmed therein , may be easily bowed . The oile thereof softens ; being very penetrating , softning , discussing , and it helpeth cicatrices . It helpeth the gout , wounds and ulcers , chaps of the lips , rifts and corrosions of the nipples . Some use it against paines of the stomach , and midriffe , against the cough , thick humours in the breast , bleeding wounds , and for the nervous parts . That distilled with plumous alum , helps the pleuresy , collick , tumours , spasme , & quickly cureth wounds . Schrod . Bees dryed & stamped cause haire to grow and help the alopecia . Their honey nourisheth , cleanseth , openeth , helps the cough , and lungs , provokes urin , and resisteth putrefaction : Outwardly it helps dim eyes , and other affections thereof : Gal. It 's the juyce of the celestial dew , and the best is yellow , pellucid , of pleasant smell & taste , neither thick or too thin , but well united , yellow , and made by young bees . The yellow and white water of honey helps suffusions of the eyes , and lengthens the haire , it serveth to extract the tincture of coral ; used inwardly it opens obstructions , expels urine , and breakes the stone . The oile helps phagedens , and discusseth spots of the face , with the oile of camphire . The compounded oile easeth the gout . Hart. in Croll . Senn. Just. The vineger of honey , dissolveth flints , and other stones , without any precedent calcination . Begu . The tincture helps the phthisick . Med. destil . The D. of the Q. E. is gr. 3. to 5. and is like a panacaea . The elixyr is of the same vertue . The oile of wax is diuretical , the D. is 3. drops to 5. the Magistery thereof helps the dysentery , drach. 1. being drunk . The propolis , or virgin wax is hot 2° . it gently cleanseth , attracteth , and draws out things fixed in the body ; it concocteth hardnesses , easeth paines , cicatrizeth desperate ulcers , and if used as a suffumigation it helps the old cough . Jonst . Bees stamped and drunk with diuretick wine help the dropsy , and expel the stone . Those that die in the honey help vomicas , they mollify ulcers of the lipps and help the dysentery . Applied with butter they help breeding of teeth . With wild poppy they helpe paines of the jaws , and the spleen used with their honey , also the coeliack , and cold testicles with rosin . With nitre and Cows milk it helps ulcers of the face , and phagedens with the ashes of their leather . The froth with the oile of walnuts helps adustion of the skinn . Holler counts it diaphoretick . Boiled with lentiles , green myrtle leaves or galls it helps the whitlow . Nicander used it against opium . The wax helps bare nerves and tendons ; a linnen cloth dipped therein and applied very hot , helps paines of the junctures caused by cold . Pills thereof with the hard yolk of an egg , a few graines of saffron , and syrrupe of wormwood help the jaundise . As for the description , it 's needlesse , they will arise out of the putrefaction of a Calf , &c. or honey Voss . de Idol . But some say they are begotten by the King , which ejaculats sperm in the cups , which then the Bees cheresh . They will live 10. yeares , fly thwartwise , smell well , and remember : they hate Stinks , Sheep , Spiders , Owls , and Lizards , &c. Their diseases are repletion , inanition , drinesse , moisture , cold and heat . They live orderly , & work in bean time . Their King is ruddish , of good forme , and as bigg againe as the rest : The theeves are blak and have great bellies .

Beetle . Scarabeus . P. They live almost every where . M. Of wood , corn , and excrements . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Gall. Escarbot . Ital. Scarafagio .

Beetle . Aldrov . T. V. Some use their hornes as amulets , and to help contractions of the nerves , ease paines , and help quartans . sc. of those called Tauri . Some use the earth they cast out against botches , and gouts , &c. as the Grylli . Boiled in oile and dropped in they help the eares paines . The black beetle dried helps the stone . The horned boiled in oile and used to the pulse cause feavers . Their hurts are helped by mans spittle . Schrod . The pilulary betle helps the falling down of the eyes and fundament ; the powder being used they help the pain of the hemorrhoids boiled in oile . The unctuous betle is like the Cantharides , provokes urin , helps bitings of mad Doggs , and gouts , sc. the powder taken . Their liquour used outwardly helps wounds , and is used in plaisters against buboes , and pestilential carbuncles ; the oile of their infusion may be used in stead of that of Scorpions . Jonst . boiled with the oile of roses & earth worms , they help the paines of the eares . Lanfrank made a powder thereof against the paine of the stone . Their description is needlesse . They are generated of the corruption of cattle or dung . They make a noise when they fly , and stop when touched .

Burn-cow . Buprestis . P. They live in Italy , and other places , &c. M. Of flies , lizards , worms , and insects . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Boubrostis . Bulpestris .

Burn-cow . Diosc . T. They are of the nature of cantharides , causing erosion , exulceration , and heate . V. Ruel . Drunk they cause venery ; yet they are used in remedies that help the leprosy , ringworm , and canker . Plin. Applied with Goats tallow they help ringworms in the face ; and by their septick force used in a pessary , they provoke the courses . Therefore Hippocrates used them against many diseases in Women , as to provoke the menses , their heads , wings and leggs being taken away , with the inner parts of figgs ; so with myrrhe , frankincense , honey , oile of roses , wine and aniseeds : He useth them also with the same , against the strangulation of the womb , he useth them likewise against the hardnesse of the womb , & to expel the mola . H. Diosc . If drunk they cause great paine in the stomach and belly , as the flatulency , & suppression of urine . The remedies are as those against the Cantharides , as muste , sapes , oile , milk , lard , broth that is fatt , nitre with water , oile of bayes & oxymel : With vomiting , the decoction of figgs in wine , also pares , myrtles , and womans milk , the poyson being hot . Cattle are to be let bloud that eate them . Jonst . Some poure oile in their nostrils . They are a kind of Cantharides . As for the description , their outward wings are like gold , the head little , mouth broad , eyes round , and belly long . Bell. They are bigger than Cantharides .

Butter-fly . Papilio . P. They live in pleasant , open , and warme places . M. Of mallow flowers , and trunks of trees . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Campilo . Avicula Isid .

Butter-fly . T. V. Jonst . They are thought to provoke urin , they are meat for little birds , and serve as baites for fishes . Their description is uselesse . They generate in May , June , and July , backwards , and lay eggs , in the rinds of trees or leaves , and after live till winter . Their multitude often presages the plague . Muff. Tarentin . Geopon . Recip . unc . 1. of the venimous dung of butterflies , annisseed , Goats milk cheese , Hogs bloud , galbanum , an . unc . sem. opopanax , drach . 2. beate them diligently , poure on good sharp wine , and make troches thereof for fishes . They preserve castrels from consumptions . They may be driven away , sc . those that fly in the night , from Bee hives ; by placeing a candle neere them , as also by the smoake of gith and hemlock .

C.
Caterpiller . Eruca . P. They live almost every where , in England and other places . M. Of trees and herbs , and fruits . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Bruchus . Tinea agrestis .

CAterpiller . Aeg. T. V. Those of herbs applied with oile , are said to prevent from the biting of virulent living creatures : Diosc . And drive away Serpents , Grev. and that by an occult quality . They may be killed by shaking them off . Aldrov . Or by fine ashes and dung : Also by the fume of Bats dung , or of bitumen or brimstone , galbanum , Goats claws , or Harts horne , or Cows stale and the lees of oile used , garlick burnt , ciches sown and the juyce of wormwood , and mints . Jonst . Their webb drunk stops the flux of Womens courses . They serve to angle with , they help the epilepsy , so Muff. burnt and put into the nostrils they stop bleeding : All cause vesicles and make the skin bare . If they are eaten by a Horse . Swellings arise , the skin is hardned , and eyes grow hollow . Plin. They are begotten of dew thickned on leaves by the heate of the Sun , so Arnold . in a moist time : And some of Butter-flies . Muff. Those of Cabbages applied cause teeth to fall out . Hipp. The ordinary drunk , help the quinsey .

Cheselippe . Asellus . P. They live in moist places , under stones and timber . M. They live upon warme moisture . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Oniscus . Tilus . Multipedes . Hoglice .

Cheselippe . Diosc . T. V. Being drunk in wine they help difficulty of urine , and the jaundise . Applied with honey they help the quinsey . Stamped , heated , in the bark of a pomgranate , and dropped into the eares with oile of roses they help paines in the eares . Gal. They help the headach , and paines that are old , therein . Sever , used in unguents they help ulcerated eares . They help inflammations of the throat , & they help the dyspnoea , having an attenuating quality . Schrod . T. They are of thin parts , attenuate , cleanse and open , therefore they are very good to resolve a tartareous mucilage , and dissolve the stone : they open obstructions of the bowels , therefore help the jaundise , nephritick paines , the difficulty of urine , collick , the appetite hurt by the mucilage of the stomach , and the asthma , &c. The powder outwardly helps diseases of the eyes , and paines of the eares . Applied alive they help phagedens . The D. is scrup. 1. to drach. 1. in nephritick water , with spirit of vitriol . Jonst . They discusse ; two of thē drunk in wine with drach . sem . of Mice , and Pigeons dung drive out the stone : for the jaundise they are to be drunk in mulse , and to be taken with honey in the asthma , so Hol. and Agric. They help most diseases of eyes outward or inward , except the cataract , drunk fresh , or applied . With a third part of turpentine they help the pani . unc. 1. of the ointment of poplar , with oile of roses , in which they are boiled unc. 1. sem. and four grains of saffron , helps the hemorrhoids : Others boile them with fatt and butter , and adde the yolk of an egge , unc. 3. of the oile of violets in which 4. of them have been boiled to the consumption of a third part , to represse the salt humour applied outwardly . Lauremberg , and Hartman , confirme what is said of them against the stone . Hereto belong Pollin , and Coyayahoal , serving to draw out darts . The last of which serve also to draw out teeth . Muff. Drunk in wine they help the kings evil : 3. with gr. 4. of elaterium help shortwindednesse . Plin. Drunk they help consumptions . Marcel . and the cramp . Applied alive they help any swelling , with turpentine . The description is needlesse .

E.
Eare-wigg . Auricularia . P. In cabbages , ferulaceous trees , and elmes . M. Of herbs , and flowers , as carnations , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Forficula . Mordella . Vellicula . Fullo .

EAre-wigg . Muff. Arnold . T. V. Being boiled in common oile , or oile of Hartsease , and then used , to the arteries , in the temples and wrists , they cause a feaver , and so cure convulsions . Joseph . Michael . Being finely powdered in Balneo , in a glasse very close stopt , mixt with Hares pisse , and so put in morning and evening , it 's excellent against deafenesse : Others use it with oile of cloves . They are eaten by Henns and Snites . They are got out of the eares by applying a rotten apple , and oile injected with aloes .

F.
Flea . Pulex . P. They are almost every where , in the spring time . M. They live upon the bloud of living creatures . N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Gall. Pulce , & Ital. Hisp . Pulga , Jun.

FLea . Muff. T. V. They are generated of dust , and in Doggs haire from a fatt humour putrified , and sweat . The remedies against them are elder leaves , fern-root , flowers of penny-royal , rue , brambles , oleander , mints , hopps , rape-seed , cumin-seed , staves-acre , fleabane , saffron , coriander , celondine , arsmart , mustard , lupines , hellebore , bays , walnut-tree , with their oiles and decoctions . Seawater , Harts horne burnt , sublimat and lime . If in the eare ; use oile and turpentine .

Flie. Musca . P. They live in moist , and warm places . M. Of milk , dead bodies , and honey , &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Heb. Zebub . Gall. Monsche . It. & H. Mosca , Jun.

Flie. T. V. Aldrov . They helpe against napellus , the biting of the Taranta , and epidemical diseases , with round birth-wort , mithridate , and sealed earth , the which is also good against all other bitings . Some use them with dock roots against white spotts in the eyes , and others to cure fellons . Their heads help the alopecia , others use them with the ashes of paper or nuts , & some with Womans milke & honey . Soranus used them with Alcyonium , live brimstone , Hogs gall , vineger , and the axunge of cart wheeles , after shaving and rubification : Others use them with the roots of reeds , ferne , the rough bark of walnuts , new wool , ladanū , myrrhe , old oile , and of cedar , & Indian lease , after rubbing with onions or squills . Pliny useth the red ones against the epilepsy . Stamped with the yolk of an egg they help the chymosis , so their heads with wax . Dionys. Miles . The ashes of Dogg-flies with those of the Sea Hare , help the pricking haires of the eyebrows . With Ants eggs they black the haire : If put into the passages alive they make Horses stale . Schrod . Their distilled water helps the eyes . Jonst . Two drops help deafenesse . Gesn . Three or foure flies taken inwardly loosen the belly . Muff. Reduced into an ointment in Horse dung with butter , in one yeare , they help all paines . Also they serve for meate to Swallows , spiders , chameleons , water wagg-tailes , Muscovie Ducks , and fishes , as Trouts &c. Their description is needlesse . They generate by coiture , and putrefaction in dunge , &c. They hate spiders , love rhododaphne , and live not long They are soon kild by oile , and when weake recover in the Sunn , or warme ashes . They have a flexile flight , they are audacious and indocible ; they may be driven away by onions , the fume of loose strife ; with the decoction of the lower elder , gourds , or white hellebore stamped in milk : Or the juyce of origanum , milk , Hoggs gall , &c. sprinkled on the ground : cattle may be preserved from them by black hellebore , and the ointment of bay-berries with oile .

G.
Gally-worm . Julus . P. They live amongst mosse on trees , and under loggs . M. Of the trunks of trees . &c. N. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Hisp . Centopeas . Ital. Cento gambi .

GAlly-worm . Muff. T. V. Those sound in cellers burned to powder mightily provoke urine . Their bloud with the moisture of Hog-lice helps white spots in the eyes . As for their description , they are short scolopenders , in the number of feet exceeding all insects : Of them some are smooth , others hairy , and their colours are diverse as to their differences .