Mr. MAUGER'S FRENCH GRAMMAR Enriched with severall choise Dialogues , containing an exact account of the State of France , Ecclesiasticall , Civil , and Military , as it flourisheth at present under King Loüis the fourteenth .

Also a Chapter of Anglicismes ; with Instructions for Travellers into France .

The second Edition , enlarged , and most exactly corrected by the Authour , late Professour at Blois .

LONDON , Printed by R. D. for Iohn Martin , and Iames Allestree , at the Bell in St. Pauls Church-yard , 1656.

THe greatness of your birth and actions hath raysed you to a degree of glory , whither envie it self ( which attends upon Thrones ) can not aspire . I should believe I could not undertake to publish those advantages without darkening their lustre , if I did not know that it is equally impossible to illustrate and obscure their splendour . That knowledge might serve me both for my excuse and my justification , if I had rashnesse enough to speak of them . But that undertaking can produce no other effect , then absolutely to convince mee of weaknesse and presumption . I will leave it to Histories , to relate the noblenesse of your race , and Germany who must confesse that shee owes you for the greatest part of her glory , will not admit me to share in the honour of writing your Elogy : But you need no Panegyrick , the plain recitall of those brave actions you have done , will expresse them with more efficacy then the most skilfull pens of the world : And it were in some sort to profane your heroïque actions , to rank them with those which require or can tolerate commendations . Nor is it Germany alone that can tell those wondrous actions , although that during those years which you spent there , she never saw any thing more illustrious ; yet she never saw the more glorious things which you have done : you fought for their interests , when those of your own Country permitted you to carry your armes into forreigne nations ; but as soon as you was needfull to them , you had no other aime but their advantage , and sought for no other glory , then that which might be acquired in the execution of their enterprizes , and in the advancement of their designes . The services you have rendred them , are of the nature of those whose fame is displayed over the whole Earth : But this is yet too little for the glory of your name , you have carried it to the new World , where you have had the applause of the whole Army : But I see that I begin to stray , and seeking to follow you in the path of glory , I am in danger to loose my self in that of confusion ; 't is this which obliges me wholly to the termes of Admiration and silence , which I will not break but to intreat you to accomplish that vast number of favours with which you have honored me both in France and here , by the protection of this work : it need not fear any thing if you allow it an asylum with you , and the most injurious darts of envie can not hurt it , while you shelter it under the shades of your laurells . That generosity with which you oblige strangers , and the numerous favours , which you have already so freely conferred upon mee , make me hope , you will not deny mee the favour of this liberty to speak my self ,

Non is sum ( erudite Lector ) qui me unum in praemunienda extraneis ad linguam nostram via , & Theseum praedicare , & caeteros in eadem disciplina coecutiisse velim . Certe haec ( quae nonnullorum fuit ) futilis jactantia , etsi à rationibus meis non esset aliena , à modestia tamen mea satis abhorruit . Aucupentur itaque scioli nostrates benevolentiam peregrinorum , & eorum candori suarum buccinatores laudum , fucum faciant ; mihi neque est cordi , animi tui aciem perstringere ( Amice lector ) neque plura , quam reipsa peti possint ex hac lucubr a tiuncula , adjument a polliceri ; tu pro tua aequitate , & sapientia judicabis . Si tamen placet de ratione instituti nostri navataeque in hoc libello operae certior fieri , habe paucis . Cum diuturna nos experientia docuisset , quid tyronibus linguae nostrae plus facesseret negotii , quid deinde in libris passim editis in lucem redundaret , quid obscuritatem & tenebras legentibus afferret , quid curtum & claudicans esset ; haec potissimum , & aliae nos impulere causae , ut quod arduum crat , & longis obsitum difficultatibus iter , peregrinis compendiosum expeditumque concinnaremus , suo quaeque ordine , nec vulg ari methodo digessimus , praecept a nulla non idoncis illustravimus exemplis , quae & singula , quò sensus caeteris innotesent nationibus , Latinitate donavimus . Quae irrepsere mende , & si quae oculorum aciem subterfugerint , tu ipse pro tuo acumine & benignitate corrige .

THree years since , I presented you a Grammar entituled ( the true Advancement ) which hath been very well received , & according to the custome , I added some Dialogues I made in French , which would have more enriched it , if the English had been answerable to my French ; but I could not then do it , and the Corrector of the Presse undertook it : Besides that , a sickness hindered me from correcting it my self , and obliged me to put my interests into the hands of a Friend , who betrayed my expectation , and corrected it not exactly , although my copy was perfect : This which I now present you is exactly corrected , I have not borrowed the hand of another , but I my self have attended three times a day at the presse , ( although against my particular interests , chusing rather to embrace those of this noble Nation , which hath done me such unexpressible courtesies ) that I might correct it according to the expectation of those , who will honour it with their reading . I present you the Dialogues all new , and the English Phrase Verbatim , to make known the meaning of every word , with a fine discourse upon the State of France , as it is now governed ; I have added the Latine , for to render it generally usefull to strangers , who come to see Troynovant , which is this day accounted one of the most glorious Cities of the World .

I had thought for your greater advantage , to have fitted the writing to the Pronunciation , but having found that I could not do so , without an absolute totall subverting of the foundations of the Language , I had rather teach you to read and speak together , then to shew you how to speak , without being able to read , or to read without knowing how to speak . They might say neverthelesse that it would prevent many difficultyes , if we did write as we speak .

If we should write the French as you write the English , to make you pronounce ( nous ) it ought to be written ( noos ) which is wholly repugnant to the French tongue , and cannot be done without involving you into a World of difficultyes , as ( Ran ) for ( Rends ) may as well signify ( Rang ) order , as ( Rends ) a Reddo , ( Grace ) for ( Gras ) or ( Graces . ) Grace in the singular number , signifies ( Favour ) or Pardon , & ( Gras ) signifies ( fat ; ) & thousands of other equivocall words which would so become ridiculous . And which is more , take away but one letter the accent is lost : 'T is true , we may sometimes take away the (s) onely to facilitate our Language to strangers , but it is upon condition that we put an accent in its place , which implyes its necessity .

Having therefore maturely considered , that I was more obliged to make you follow the rules of the French Academy , and of the most learned pens of France , then my own Caprichio's and those fancies which I should innovate my self , teaching you to speak French without being able to read any other book then that I should present you with : but our Language , which is so highly esteemed of all strangers , for its noble Etymologies of Greek and Latine will not suffer it self to be so dismembred by the ignorance of those which professe it , not having one letter which doth not distinguish one word from another , the singular number from the plurall , the Masculine Gender from the foeminine , or which makes not a syllable long or short , as when you , your selves say bread ( panis ) & bred ( educatus , ) you pronounce not the ( A ; ) yet it is necessary for the distinction , you pronounce ( not , nat ) and people ( peeple ) and a thousand other words . I conclude then that it is not by an ill grounded reverence which we bear to Antiquity that we pare not the skin of our Language ; but we are obliged to it by an absolute necessity : And seeing till now no man hath dared to give it the last stroke , I would not be so impertinent as to give Laws where I ought to receive them . I have therefore conformed my self to the most skilfull writers , and will give you nothing but what they all approve , and the other Masters of the Languages ; amongst the which I reckon Master Penson , & Master Festeau , who are good Masters and many others ,

A : b : c : d : e : f : g : h : i : l : m : n : o : p : q : r : s : t : u : x : y : z : pronounce these letters as the first Syllable of these words followings .

A a , las , Be b , side si c , der de d , liver a e , , as you pronounce it in English

eff f , . J g , ' ay ash h , e ( e i , ) as you pronounce it in English l , eal ,

am m , an n , owe o , do not pronounce it as ( oo ) or ȣ̂ φ in Greek .

peptition , Cuew q , . earr r , , eass ˢ tea ᵗ , ewe ᵘ eex ˣ eeygreake , zead z. .

A. Pronunciationis regulae . A. The rules of pronounciation . A Pronunciatur aperto ore , & aliquando breviùs , aut longiùs tamen sonat : nimirùm ante g E X G. âge longius , quando solum est littera & non Syllaba , longius ut ( aa , ) sed in Syllaba , brevius ut ba , nè dicas ( baa . ) ante p. brevius căpable , ante b longius pāble ; comparāble , ante t , breve băttu : ( am ) ( an ) ( em ) ( en ) am , an sonant em en , em , en , ut , am , an , apud Aulicos , ame sonat âme . a ante ( ou ) perdit sonum , ( o ) eliditur ut paon , dic pan , ( ai ) ante duplex ll retinet suum sonum ut ( paille ) ai ante alias consonantes ut é ut pallais pallés . a ante l , est longius Cāles , ante duo , ss , brevius .

A Is pronounced with an open mouth ; notwithstanding some time it is longer some time shorter .

For example , before g as two aa , âge say aage .

When a is but a letter all alone , it is pronounced longer then when it is joyned to an other vowell ; for being alone as ( aa ) , before p it is shorter , as capable , before b longer as pāble . before t. it is short ( saoul , ) dic sous , ante on retinet as bättu ; am , an , change their sound with em en , so em en , with them . patiēmment , patiammant , enlever , anlever , embellir ambellir , but if i be before , it keepeth its old sound as parisien , do not say parisian a before ou in the same syllable is lost , saoul say sous . a , before on is pronounced and the o is lost paon , pan .

Ai , as é , ai before two ll , keepeth its old sound bailler , a before l , is longer Gales .

Au sonat o , autant otant an t e , m , brevius ( Camu ) excipe âme . ante os 1 cbaos a , o , simul audiuntur . ante d , brevius , malăde , salăde . a ante ff brevius , ăffaire . ante pp brevius , apporter . ai ante g a sonat solito more & i dat liquefactionem syllabae gaigner nunc gagner gaillard , ay ut é parleray parleré . Au as ( o ) when it is the part of a syllable ; as do ( dau ) otherwise o is owe — if it be well pronounced . an before (m) ( n ) shorter Camu , ante os it keepeth its old sound , chaos . both a and o pronounced . before b is short ; mălăde salade ; before two pp , short apporter . ai before ( g ) is pronounced as it was before , gaigner gagner gaillard : ay as é parleray parleré . Ante , r brevius . arriver , a in quibusdam verbis sonat ut e , nempe in Charete , guitarre : sed nunc scribuntur Cherete , guiterre . A before rr , shorter arriver , in some words its sounds like e , as Charete , guitarre , but now these words are written as they are pronounced . E. E. Galli habent tria genera ( e ) unum masculinum , aliud foemininum , tertium verò apertum . The French have three sorts of ( e ) one masculine , the other foeminine and the third open . ( E ) Masculinum sonat distinctè , & vocatur masculinum , ob sonum masculinum dignoscitur & notatur accentu , ut beauté , dic beautay , E Masculine soundeth distinctly and clearely ; and is called Mascul : for its masculine sound it is known and mark't with an accent , as beauté beautay . Secundum foemininum , & secum suam etymologiam fert , ob sonum admodum debilem ; vix enim auditur ; & si inveniatur in ultima syllaba non ferè pronunciatur ; ut pere sonat per. non tamen ut Latini pronunciant per praep: sed paululùm longius . Ut pēr . ut Angli pron : come com & non pron : ultimam fere litteram sic etiam Galli . The second is called foem . and bringeth with it its Etimology , because it is pronounced with a weak sound , specially if it be found in the latter end of a word ; as pere say per , not as the word pair pronounce it as in come you do not pronounce the ( e ) but you say com . Tertium est apertum & ut paucis absolvam pronunciatur ut ( e ) in ( domine . ) The third is called an opem e ; this is pronounced between the masculine and foeminine , and is pronounced as the Latinn ( c ) in Domine . Em ut jam dictum est sonat am. patiemment patiammant . Em as wee have said already . like am , as in the word patiemment patiamment . En sonat an , additur etiam ( e ) in quibusdam verbis ut meliùs : fi verba desinant in ger in infinitivo , ut je mangeay , je gageay nous gageons nous mengeons fit authoritate gallica . En sound as an , wee adde e in some verbes for to render the pronounciation the sueeter as mengeons and not mangons , and that by the French authority . Reperitur e apertum ante has literas p l , n , s , t , r f c g h ; deputer denier , derober , &c. E open is found , before these letters p , l , n , s , t , v , f , c , g , h ; députer , dénier . In tertia persona verborum pluralis numeri si ( e ) praecedat ( nt ) non audiuntur , v: g : Ils parlent , loquuntur . dic ils parle . Observe that in the third person plurale of verbs , if e be put before nt , nt are not pronounced as ils parlerent say ils parlere . Ei , ut é , peine péne . E in fine dictionis si praecedat i sonat ut aliud i , ravie , dic ravii . Ei as é , peine péne , e in the later end of a word if i be before it , is sounded like an other i ravie ravy . I. I. Pronunciatur ut apud Latinos , Germanos , Italos , Batavos : sed apud Anglos sonat ut nostrum ( e ) sed debent illud pron : ut ( ee ) vel ut pronunciant nunc in celeberrimis suis universitatibus , ( tibi ) ( mihi . ) Is sound as do's the Latins Germans , Italiens , Hollanders : but the English pronounce it as our ( e ) but it must be pronounced as they do in their most famous universities . tibi , mihi . Observa 2. i ante duplex ll in quibusdam substantivis pronunciari cum liquefactione , ponendo linguam sub palato , fille ferè ut Itali pronunciant gli figle ( figliololo ) gentille , excipe omnia nomina composita ex voce ville , quemadmodum infinitum eorum numerum in Gallia habemus . Quae hanc normam spernunt . Ut Barneville , longueville contranuille . Observe 2. that i being sound before a double ll. is sound with a kind of liquefaction putting the tongue under the palat as the word fille , gentille . But you shall except all these words that are derived from this voice ville , having almost all the names of our French Villages ended in ville , as longueville , Barneville . these words do not follow that rule . Observa 3. i nunquam recte poni , inter duas vocales sed (y) ut ayant non ajant , nisi sit consonans . Observe thirdly that i a vowell is never put between to vowels but in stead of it ( y ) as ayant , not ajant . O. O. Multa de häc litterâ dicenda mihi videntur , cum magnum sit discrimen inter Gallos ipsos propter reformatam à Cardinale Riccoloco pronunciationem & fusius dicerem , nisi longior in tradendis regulis viderer paucis absolvam . I have many things to say concerning that letter O , because there is so great a contest among the French men themselves : some part of the pronounciation having been reformed by Cardinall Richelieu ; and least I should be to tedious unto you , I will explain it in few words . Ois nunc pron : in quibusdam locis és , sed non in omnibus : attente audiant Tyrones linguae Gallicae . Ois in some substantives is pronounced és , but in all words , let the beginner of the French tongue hear . Primo ois , sonat és : in omnibus imperfectis sive indicativi sive optativi verborum . Ie parlois , Ie parlés I'aïmerois , I'aimerés . 1. Ois sound as és in all imperfects tenses of verbs , both of the indicative and optative . For example , Ie parlois I did speak say Ie paarlés . Ie parlerois I should speak Ie parlerés . Secundò in aliquibus substantivis in fine dictionis . ut François Françés , Hollandois , Hollandés . Excipe Artois non Artés . 2. In some substantives words of many syllables , as François say Francés . Hollandois , Holland . Except ( Artois ) do not say Artés . Danois Suedois melius sonant quam Danés Suedés . Tertiò oi retinet suum sonum , in omnibus monosyllabis , ut ( fois , ) bois . 3. Oi is pronounced as it was formerly in all the words of one syllable as fois , bois , Blois . Quartò ois in omnibus infinitivis verborum tertiae conjug : ut avoir , pouvoir , nè dicas pouver , avér . 4. Oi in all the infinitive moods of the verbs of the third conjugation as pouvoir avoir , do not say pouver . Quintò in omnibus substantivis desinentibus in , (r) espoir , pouvoir potestas , & no espér , pouver . 5. In all substantives ending in oir , as espoir , do not say espair . Sexto Oy abhorret , ab illa regula foy , loy , moy , toy , ne dicas fé , lé , mé , té , 6. Before ( y ) oy is alwayes pronounced as formerly , as moy , toy , soy , loy , &c. do not say mé tay , &c. Septimò ante x non observat regulam , loix , ne dicas lés . 7. Before x also loix , not lês . Octavò , ante n Coin . 8. Before n coin . Nono , in prima syllaba vix vel nunquam pron : és poisson , poison , foison , boison , moisson , &c. Excipe , soible , dic féble , Blois ne dicas Bles. 9. In the first syllable of words it keepeth its old sound , as poisson , except , foible say feble . Decimò , si quae nomina desinant in quois , sequuntur , veterem pron : Objicietur in veteribus authoribus scribi Ie parloy ; non ita nunc , Ie parlois . Excipe tamen Ie croy , dic Ie crois je crés . 10. If some word end in quois , it is pronounced as formerly , it is written in old books , Ie parloy but now Ie parlois . Si inveniatur oe , o perdit sonum , ut soeur , dic seur , boeurre , dic beurre . If you find oe , the o looseth its sound , therefore say seur , boevre , bourre . Si a praecedat non auditur ut paon , dic pan . O quidam Galli volueruut poetam imitantes pronunciare ut ȣ̂ apud Graecos : sed caeteri ab illa abhorrent pronunciatione . If a be put in the same word before o , the o looseth its sound , as paon , pan , &c. Some Frenchmen imitating some poetes have pronounced o , as the Greek ( ȣ̂ ) but now it is out of use . U aliquando est consonans ; aliquandò vocalis ; si consonans , hoc charactere pingitur ( v : ) si vocalis u : sed cum plures Galli illud pingant ( u ) pro consonante & vocali indifferenter notarunt u vocalem duobus punctis ( ū ) tunc est vocalis ut avoüer : u primum , consonans , secundum vocalis , a voüer fateri . U sometime is a consonant , and sometime a vowell , if it be a consonant it is written thus ( v ) if it be a vowell it is written ü , but because some French men never regard it they mark ü vowell with two points ü , advoüer , the first u is a consonant , the second a vowell , advoüer . V , u , eodem modo pronunciantur , ponendo lingnam sub palato sine auxilio labiorum . V , u , are pronounced in the same way putting the tongue under the palate without any help of the lips . Sed quando jungimus illud vocali , tunc syllabam pronunciamus cum ope labiorum , tenendo semper linguam sub palato , ut ( vo . ) But when we join it to an other vowell , we pronounce the syllable with the help of the lips , holding our tongue still under the palate , as ( vo . ) Si quaedam nomina desinant in üe ( e ) pron : ut aliud u , ut sonsüe , dic sansuu . If you find some words end in üe ( e , ) is pronounced like an other u as moulüe moulûu . Y pronunciatur ut i & vulgo in monosyllabis reperitur , in loco i , ut fy fy , in verbis saepe secundae conjugationis in participiis , praeteriti ut finy finitus . In presenti ut Ie finy . In imperativo ut finy , ravy , &c. ponitur semper inter duas vocales ayant & non ajant . Y is pronounced as our i and commonly in the words of one syllables as fy it is put specially in the participles of the verbes of the second as ravy . In the indicative as je ravy ; in the imperative as beuy , and commonly between two vowels as ayant and not ajant . Observatio secunda . The third Observatioo . Consonans ante consonantem non auditur , sed dat vim suam syllabae praecedenti : ut parler François , dic parlé François . A consonant before an other consonant is not pronounced , but notwithstanding giveth its strenght to the letter which is before as in parler François . you say parlé François , because the e is not pronounced after the old way the e is made open . R. R. Observa primo , r in fine semper pronunciari , licet sequatur consonans . Cum sit liquida sed solùm non pronunciari in verbis primae conjugationis & secundae , & quando e praecedit , ut conseiller dic conseillé , sed in omnibus aliis audiri , ut pouvoir , avoir , ardeur dur fort mentenr , excipe Monsieur dic Monsieu . Observe that r , in the later end of a word to be pronounced , except in the verbs of the first or second conjugation , when an other consonant is following and in all the other nouns ending in es , except they be of one syllable as conseiller , say conseille : but in the words of one syllable r is alwayes pronounced as mer fer , and in all other nouns , as pouvoir , ardeur , in the infinitive of verbs of the 3 , as avoir but say Monsieu , not Monsieur . L , m , n , hanc normam etiam spernunt , semper pronunciantur , ut sel , renom , non . L , m , n , are pronounced in the latter end of nouns , as sel , renom , garçon . B , obmutescit in fine dictionis , ut plomb , dic plom , non auditur etiam in debvoir , dic dévoir , & observa semper suppressâ literâ praecedentem literam notandam esse accentu , ut dévoir , in loco dcbuoir . The French do not pronounce b in the later end of a word , as plomb , say plom , it is not also pronounced in débuoir , but say dévoir and mark the e with an accent , as è. C. C. Cha sonat apud Anglos sha , in omnibus vocibus derivatis à Graecis . Sonat ut apud Latinos Charitas apud Anglos , ka , ut Chaos Archange . Cha is pronounced as the English pronounce sha , when it is found coming from a Greek word , it sounds ka ; as Archange 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chaos . ç caudatum sonat ut ss , ut maçon , masson , leçon , lesson , in fine monosyllaborum pronunciatur , invitâ consonante ut sec , excipe blanc franc . In vocibus duarum syllabarum meliùs pronunciatur ; ut avec moy : quasi dicas , avé moy sub intelligi potest à verbo I'ay . C. with a little tale under , is pronounced like ss leçon , lesson . C in the words of one syllable is pronounced , as sec , drie . In this word avec is better to be pronounced them other way . D in fine dictionis sequente vocali sonat ut t , quand irés vous ? dic quant irés vous . D sounds like t , in the latter end of a word before a vowell , as quaud irés vous , say quant irez vous ? Observatio . Observation . Si verbum desinit in e vel a ante il , elle , on , vitandae asperitatis causa addimus - t - ut viendra-t il ? &c. Is a verbe doth end in e , or a , before il , elle , on , the French to void harshnesse of sound put t between them . In fine dictionis nullâ sequente vocali non pronunciatur , ut grand dic gran. D in the end of a word when no vowell followeth , is not pronounced , as quand say quán . Si reperiatur in prima syllaba in vocibus derivatis a Latinis , auditur , ut admirer , mirari , admirable . D in the first syllable sometime is pronounced , and sometine not , in these words that are derived from the Latines , it is heard as admirable , admirabilis . In vocibus vero pure Gallicis obmutescit advancer dic avancer . In other words it is not pronounced , I mean when they be pure French words as advancer , properare avancer . F. F. In fine dictionis monosyllabicae pronunciatur , sequente adjectivo f non auditur , ut oeuf , oeuf frais dic oeu frais . F being the last letter of monosyllabes is pronounced , oeuf boeuf , but if it is joyned with an adjective then f , is not heard , as beuf frais , say boeu frais . Si reperiatur duplex , prima syllaba producitur , ut deffendre défendre . If it be found double its maketh the syllable longer as , deffendre , say défendre . G. G. G in fine monosyllaborum sequente vocali sonat c ut sang , dic sanc , sanguis . In the end of monosyllables it is pronounced as c , as sang say sanc sanguis . Angli pronunciant gloire , d'loire : sed ita pronunciare conentur gueloire . The English do pronounce gloire , d'loire , but it must be pronounced thus , gueloire . Gui sonat ut gift , gea ja . Gui , as gift , if you take away , ft , gi . H. H. Aliquando est litera , aliquando est muta littera , si sit litera reperitur in vocibus propriè Gallicis ; si muta reperitur in illis nominibus derivatis à Latinis ut homme , homo . Inter consonantem & vocalem non sonat , nec prodest , ut apud Anglos : Angli enim dicunt the , Galli te , Mathieu Galli dicunt Matieu , Angli Mazieu . Sometime is a letter sometime it is not pronounced , if it beginneth a word coming from the Latines , then it is not a letter . As for example homo ( homme : ) but if it beginneth a word purely French , then it is pronounced as honte , hache , shame , in the middle of a syllable it is not pronounced as the English do , E : G : Thomas , s the English say Zomas , but the French Tomas . In fine dictionis nullo modo pronunciatur Estomach , dic estomac , luth , lut . In the later end of a word it is not pronounced Estomach , estomac . Hae sunt voces Gallicae , honte , honteuse , harpe , harnois , haster , hache , hardy , haut , haure , in illis h pronunciatur . These words are pure French honteux , haster , haut , haure . Excipe à regula generali Hollande & Hongrie in quibus h Pronunciatur . Except Hollande and Hongrie , the h is pronounced although these words come from the Latines . L. L. Pronunciatur in fine ut sel , universel . Is pronounced in the end sel salt universel . Observabit extraneus , Gallos nunquam ponere duo ll in fine dictionis sine vocali , ut Angli shall , &c. It is to be observed that the French do not put a double ll at the end of a word without a vowell as the English do . M. M. In fine dictionis sonat ut (n) v : g : renom . dic renon , nom , nomen non , Is pronounced in the later end of a word being a liquide , and is pronounced as n , as garçon boy nom non . In medio vero dictionis sequenti , n , sonat n , ut condamner dic condanner condemnare . In the middle of a word it is pronounced as ( n ) also condamner say condanner . N. N. An sonat en , pronunciatur in fine ; non tamen duriter ut Angli , ut bon Angli bonne . In tertiâ personâ verborum ante t si e praecedat non sonat , ut parlent parle . Sounds an ; and is pronounced neverthelesse ; not so hard as the English men pronounce it ; for they pronounce bon , bonne , the French bon. In the third person of verbs if e be before n , it is not pronounced . as parlent say parle . P. P. Sonat ( pea ) & non pronunciatur in fine horum nominum , nempe , temps , champs , sed dic tans , chans : sed tamen scribitur ut linguae Gallicae Tyro : & in lingua Latina versatus videat talem vocem descendere à Latinis . Sounds pea ; it is not pronounced in the end of those words Champ , temps : therefore say tans chans : but neverthelesse it is written to show ; it cometh from the Latines . In fine monosyllaborum auditur , trop , nimis phe sonat fe ut trophée ; Orpheus Orphée , dic Orfée . In the end of monosyllables is heard trop . Q. Q. Utimur Q. quando Latini utuntur in suis Latinis vocibus ut Quadragezima le quaresme in in tali occursu sonat karesme aut ut c caresme . Is pronounced as the word keme , qua as ka : qui , as the Italian chi. R. R. Ut apud Anglos si sit absque vocali ; sed si e praecedat , tunc non duriter profertur , ut aimer to love , Angli pronunciarent aimerre , Just as with the English if it be without a vowell . But if the vowell e is before , then r is not pronounced so hard as parlér say parlea . In fine verborum primae conjugationis nisi sequatur vocalis aut reperiatur in fine membri aut incisi aut sententiae non auditur , sed vim suam dat praecedenti e as parler dic parlé , non tamen tam aperte quàm é masculinum : sed inter m : & F : ut Angli parlea . In omnibus substantivis & verbis tertii ordinis auditur , ut pouvoir , voir . In the end of verbs of the first conjugation if a vowell do not follow , or is found in the end of a member period or sentence r is not pronounced , but giveth its strength to the e as parler say parlea which e is between the e masculine and foeminine ; if not altogether masculine , but open and it is pronounced as the Latine e in Domine , r is pronounced in all the words of the third conjugations , as pouvoir . In omnibus vocibus finitis in eur , sonat , ut menteur . In all words ending in eur , it is pronounced , as menteur . In aliis substantivis pronunciatur leviter , ut leger . In all other substantives it is pronounced more softely . In monosyllabis r sonat durius mare ferrum mer fer , ut Latini fer . In the words of one syllable r is pronounced as the English mer , as father , more openly . Verùm si invenias rt in fine nominis , pronuncia solum r , ut mort mortuus mor , fort , for . Observe again , if you find rt in the end of a word pronounce onely r , as mort , mor , fort , for . Ob miseram o , sonat apertè , ut Angli ow , & nunquam ut 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , nisi sequatur u ou . On sonat ut oun apud Anglos , & ut apud Graecos 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bon Angli dicunt boun . I had forgotten to speak of o , it is pronounced as ow and is never pronounced as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with the Greeks , on as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , bon boun . S. S. In prima syllaba si e praecedat non auditur : ut eslever , escrire , tollere , scribere . In the first syllable it e be before , it is not pronounced as escrire , to write eslever to rise , &c. Exceptio . Exception . festin epulae a feast esperer sperare to hope escrimer reste to finth estimer rester to stime Geste restituer Gest presque Gestus almost prescrire praescribere to command esprit ingenium wit esperance spes . hope prescription prescription respirer to breath testifier . to testifie Si praecedant , i , a , u , s , auditur , disputer , aspirer u , us ambuscade . Now if a , i , u , are before s it is pronounced , as disputer ambuscade . In medio dictionis trium aut quatuor syllabarum , auditur s. s. as Monastere . Excipe honneste , honestus . In the middle of a word of three or four syllables , is pron : as Monastere , except honneste , Si invenias o ante s in eadem syllaba auditur ; ut poste . When o is in the same syllabe with s , then s is pronounced as pocte . Excipe oster tollere , hoste , hostellcrie , hospes hospitium , vel diversorium . Except , oster , to take away , and hoste say oter and hote . Paucis absolvi quid spectat difficultatem hujus litterae ; & nihil fere dicendum super est , difficultatem enim enucleavi . & in omnibus vocibus in quibus non pronunciatur obmittitur & e fit masculinum , ut eslever dic élever . Sed quia multi veteres pervolvunt authores regulam adhibui . I have said enough conecrning that great difficulty in a few words , and I think it all that can be said . I have set the rule onely for those that love to look upon old authours where eslever is written for in the news s is surpressed as élever . S inter duas vocales sonat z ; ut , desirer , dezirer . S between two syllables is pron : as z. T. T. Ut apud Anglos , si invenias ü in compositione Gallica notatum duobus punctis est vocalis , sine punctis est consonans , ut voüer . As with the English , if you find ü in the French composition with two little accents over it : it u a vowell as ü voüer . X. X. In fine ante vocalem sonat s , ut paix , pais in verbo soixante ut duplex s. soissante . In the end before a vowell is pronounced s paix pais , in that word soixante as soissante . Y. Y. Sonat ut i , & semper ponitua inter duas vocales , ut ayés , & in imperativis secundi ordinis ut basty . Is alwayes pronounced as i & is put between two vowels , as ayant , and in the imperative moods of the verbs of the second order . Z. Ut apud Latinos , &c. semper e.