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William
Prynne
Lincolnes
Inne
Jeremiah , 22. and 18.
They shall not lament for him saying , Ah my Brother , or Ah hi Glory :
He shall be buried with the burial of an Asse , drawn and cast forth beyond the Gates of Jerusalem .
No man , of his seed shall prosper sitting on the Throne of David , and ruling any more in Judah .
Henry
Broom
Ivie
Lane
.
Here
present
thee
with
of
their
and
otherwise
;
of
all
the
chief
Laws
,
Charters
,
and
other
in
them
;
the
great
fatal
occasioning
them
;
and
the
of
God
upon
under
our
since
the
year
of
Christ
600.
till
the
Coronation
of
King
with
some
of
mine
own
here
and
there
subjoined
,
for
the
Readers
benefit
,
and
instruction
.
A
work
neither
for
,
nor
to
our
present
times
,
worthy
the
serious
perusal
of
all
who
profess
themselvs
of
the
Publique
of
the
or
studious
of
our
old
or
of
our
English
From
which
intelligent
wise
Christian
Readers
,
by
observing
the
Providences
,
Judgements
,
Proceedings
of
God
towards
our
ancestors
,
and
others
,
for
their
in
former
ages
,
may
probably
conjecture
what
our
whole
in
particular
,
have
now
just
cause
to
fear
and
expect
,
for
their
(
equalling
or
exceeding
any
in
those
former
ages
)
unless
their
speedy
,
real
,
sincere
repentance
,
reformation
,
and
Gods
infinite
mercy
,
ward
them
off
.
True
it
is
,
that
the
national
or
personal
Yet
notwithstanding
wise
intelligent
Christians
by
a
serious
trutination
,
and
comparing
of
the
Judgements
of
God
,
expresly
threatned
against
,
and
usually
inflicted
upon
for
such
and
such
transgressions
,
in
precedent
generations
what
severe
exemplary
punishments
our
late
present
transcendent
wickednesses
,
&
outragious
crimes
,
are
like
to
draw
down
upon
our
impenitent
,
secure
perjured
and
the
hairy
scalps
of
all
those
and
execute
justice
on
them
,
answerable
to
their
bloody
crimes
,
and
violences
,
who
is
in
his
due
season
,
as
well
as
on
all
in
former
ages
,
though
never
so
many
,
if
their
repentance
prevent
it
not
.
It
was
profession
to
God
(
though
a
victorious
King
,
General
,
and
Man
of
War
)
O
that
this
were
the
present
temper
of
our
secure
Nation
,
and
all
the
sinners
,
warriours
,
and
Grandees
in
it
,
in
this
fearless
stupid
age
;
wherein
Yea
,
notwithstanding
all
Gods
threats
,
his
late
severe
punishments
of
quite
forgetting
what
follows
thereupon
Let
therefore
the
contemplation
of
the
National
,
Personal
judgements
of
God
upon
our
Ancestors
here
recorded
,
for
those
crimes
of
wch
we
are
now
as
deeply
guilty
as
they
were
then
,
awaken
us
from
our
present
Lethargy
,
lest
and
teach
us
all
this
Gospel
lesson
,
Rom.
third
part
Second
part
,
as
a
branch
thereof
,
above
two
years
since
,
but
that
the
then
kept
it
back
for
fear
it
should
swell
that
overbigg
for
his
present
Sale
;
whereby
the
bulk
of
this
is
now
augmented
beyond
its
first
intended
proportion
;
which
all
Readers
may
do
well
to
binde
up
with
the
two
former
parts
,
to
which
it
hath
special
relation
,
more
particularly
to
the
ten
in
the
to
which
the
Proposition
figures
in
the
margin
refer
.
The
most
of
that
large
tract
(
of
450.
years
space
)
I
have
here
Chronologically
run
through
,
was
spent
either
●n
bloody
intestine
wars
between
our
themselves
,
or
the
warring
upon
and
against
each
other
:
or
else
in
both
by
Land
and
Sea
,
against
the
invading
,
bloody
,
plundering
and
other
During
which
Military
seasons
Religion
,
Devotion
,
Piety
,
Law
,
Iustice
,
Parliamentary
Councills
,
Synods
,
and
just
Government
,
are
usually
cast
aside
,
and
quite
trampled
under
foot
;
yet
it
is
very
observable
▪
(
for
the
perpetual
honour
of
our
Kingdome
and
Kings
)
that
,
as
during
the
reign
of
our
antient
(
before
the
race
here
seated
,
our
Kingdome
of
her
son
,
the
in
the
world
,
who
And
of
later
times
as
our
English
Realm
brought
forth
the
first
his
son
,
the
first
the
first
we
read
of
in
the
world
So
during
the
reigns
of
our
after
they
turned
this
Realm
of
(
according
to
the
piety
of
that
age
,
out
of
date
in
this
)
which
I
doubt
few
of
our
new
Republican
Saints
will
be
:
Yea
the
piety
of
our
Kings
in
that
age
was
generally
●o
surpassing
,
informs
us
▪
Whence
(
a
forein
Chronologer
)
in
his
long
before
him
,
gives
this
memorable
testimony
of
the
Sanctity
,
Martyrdom
,
Justice
and
study
of
the
peoples
publike
weal
before
the
private
,
shining
forth
in
our
Saxon
Kings
,
more
than
in
any
other
kings
throughout
the
world
.
quidam
in
justitia
●t
sanctitate
regnantes
,
prodesse
subditis
quam
praeesse
maluerunt
(
whose
footsteps
I
wish
the
pretending
self-denying
antimonarchical
domine●ring
Saints
over
us
would
now
imitate
)
So
as
the
Prophesies
of
seem
to
be
principally
intended
and
verified
of
our
Kings
&
Isle
above
al●others
in
the
world
.
No
wonder
then
that
these
ages
of
theirs
affordus
(
notwithstanding
all
the
therein
)
sundry
memorable
Presidents
of
great
Parliamentary
Councils
,
Synods
,
Civil
and
Ecclesiastical
excellent
Laws
and
Canons
made
in
,
&
royal
Charters
confirmed
by
them
,
with
divers
memorable
Monuments
both
of
our
Parliamentary
Councils
,
Kings
,
Princes
,
Nobles
,
Peoples
constant
care
,
diligence
,
prudence
,
fortitude
,
in
defending
,
preserving
,
vindicating
,
and
perpetuating
to
posterity
the
good
old
Laws
,
Liberties
,
Franchises
,
Rights
,
Customs
,
Government
,
publike
justice
and
Propriety
of
the
Nation
;
to
suppress
,
abolish
all
ill
Law
,
tyrannical
,
unjust
Proceedings
,
Oppressions
,
Exactions
,
Imposts
,
Grievances
,
Taxes
,
repugnant
thereunto
;
&
to
advance
Religion
,
Piety
,
Learning
,
the
free
course
of
Iustice
,
and
the
peoples
welfare
.
Which
I
have
here
in
a
Chronological
method
(
for
the
most
part
)
faithfully
collected
out
of
our
antientest
best
Historians
and
Antiquaries
of
all
sorts
;
where
they
ly
confused
,
scattered
,
and
many
of
them
being
almost
quite
buried
in
oblivion
,
and
so
far
forgotten
,
that
they
were
never
so
much
as
once
remembred
,
or
infisted
on
,
either
in
our
late
Parliaments
and
Great
Courts
of
Iustice
,
in
any
late
publike
Arguments
or
Debates
,
touching
the
violation
or
preservation
of
the
fundamental
Laws
,
Liberties
,
Properties
,
Rights
,
Franchises
of
the
Nation
,
now
almost
quite
forgotten
,
and
trampled
under
foot
,
after
all
our
late
contests
for
their
defence
.
I
have
throughout
these
strictly
confined
my self
to
the
very
words
and
expressions
of
those
Historians
I
cite
,
coupling
their
relations
together
where
they
accord
in
one
,
citing
them
severally
where
they
vary
,
and
could
not
aptly
be
conjoyned
,
transcribing
their
most
pertinent
passages
in
the
language
they
penned
them
(
omitted
by
our
vulgar
English
Chronologers
)
and
annexing
some
brief
observations
to
them
for
where
ther
is
occasion
The
whole
undertaking
I
here
humbly
submit
to
the
favourable
acceptation
and
censure
of
every
judicious
Reader
;
who
if
upon
his
perusal
thereof
,
shall
esteem
it
worthy
of
such
an
(
a
Monk
of
hath
by
way
of
praefixed
to
his
own
Chronicle
It
will
somewhat
incourage
me
to
proceed
from
these
remote
,
obscure
times
,
to
ages
next
ensuing
,
in
the
like
,
or
some
other
Chronological
method
.
But
if
any
cut
of
disaffection
to
the
work
or
diversity
from
me
in
opinion
,
shall
deem
these
Collections
useless
or
supersluous
,
I
hope
they
will
give
me
leave
to
make
the
selfsame
Apology
for
my self
and
them
,
as
our
most
judidious
Historian
(t)
long
since
made
for
himself
and
his
Historical
collections
.
(
at
least
wise
in
this
kind
)
mihi
debeat
collectionis
gratiam
Thus
craving
the
Benefit
of
thy
Prayers
for
Gods
Blessing
on
these
my
publications
,
for
the
weale
and
I
commend
both
them
and
thee
to
Gods
tuition
and
benediction
.
Comprehending
a
of
all
the
most
observable
under
our
from
the
year
of
our
Lord
600
,
till
the
death
of
King
and
reign
of
with
some
brief
Observations
on
and
from
the
same
.
our
first
English
Saxon
Christian
Kings
limited
Power
and
Prerogative
,
govern
their
Subjects
,
not
arbitrarily
,
but
justly
,
according
to
their
known
Laws
,
and
totally
disabled
,
to
alter
,
repeal
any
old
,
or
enact
any
n●w
Laws
;
to
impose
any
publique
Taxes
,
Tallages
,
Imposts
,
Customs
whatsoever
,
on
their
people
,
upon
any
real
or
pretended
necessity
;
to
make
any
War
,
Peace
;
or
to
alienate
the
Lands
or
ancient
Revenues
of
their
Crowns
,
to
any
pious
,
publique
or
private
uses
whatsoever
,
without
the
common
consent
of
their
Nobles
and
Wisemen
in
general
Parliamentary
Councils
Saxon
King
Pagan
Saxon
Usurpers
lawfull
Kings
Kingdoms
begun
,
erected
by
blood
,
conquest
,
and
meer
power
of
the
Sword
,
standing
not
long
unshaken
by
civil
wars
among
themselves
,
each
King
envying
his
equals
greatness
,
and
seeking
to
inlarge
his
own
Dominions
upon
the
next
.
In
which
Combustions
few
or
none
of
them
came
to
the
Grave
in
due
time
,
but
were
either
slain
in
war
,
or
treacherously
murdered
in
Peace
,
or
expelled
their
Realms
by
,
or
forced
to
resign
their
Crowns
to
others
,
after
all
their
former
prosperous
successes
and
reigns
wholly
spent
in
Wars
,
Troubles
,
Seditions
,
Rebellions
,
Rapines
,
affording
nothing
worthy
memory
for
their
peoples
good
,
the
Kingdoms
settlement
,
or
imitation
of
Posterity
.
Henry
Huntindon
Christian
Saxon
Kings
Saxon
King
Ead
bald
Parliamentary
Council
Thomas
Sprot
give
,
grant
sundry
Lands
,
pretious
Utensils
,
Privileges
and
Immunities
by
his
Charters
,
made
and
ratified
in
this
Council
.
Judicial
Decrees
and
Laws
,
with
the
advice
of
his
Wise
men
,
for
the
benefit
of
his
people
in
his
own
Country
Saxon
Language
,
Section
3.
p.
to
avod
eternal
torments
,
and
to
be
made
a
partaker
of
the
Kongdom
of
Heaven
That
he
was
both
willing
,
and
ought
to
receive
the
faith
which
he
taught
,
but
he
ought
first
to
confer
with
his
Friends
,
Princes
,
and
Counsellors
concerning
it
,
that
so
,
if
they
concurred
in
judgement
with
him
,
they
might
all
be
baptized
together
.
Assembling
therefore
his
and
advising
with
them
What
that
Doctrine
,
which
they
never
heard
of
till
then
,
and
that
new
worship
of
God
which
was
preached
by
seemed
to
them
Do
thou
consider
,
O
King
,
what
that
Religion
is
which
is
now
preached
to
us
;
I
profess
unto
thee
,
that
which
I
have
most
certainly
learned
,
that
the
Religion
we
have
hitherto
imbraced
,
hath
no
virtue
at
all
in
it
;
whereupon
it
remains
,
that
if
those
new
things
which
are
now
preached
unto
us
,
shall
appear
to
thee
upon
examination
,
to
be
better
and
stronger
than
our
Religion
,
let
us
hasten
to
embrace
them
without
any
delay
.
Another
of
the
Kings
Nobles
giving
his
Assent
,
That
if
this
new
Doctrine
brought
any
thing
to
them
more
certain
,
than
that
they
formerly
imbraced
,
it
ought
to
be
deservedly
followed
:
of
the
Elders
and
Kings
Counsellors
like
things
that
he
desired
to
hear
preaching
concerning
God
,
more
diligently
than
before
I
heretofore
understood
,
that
what
we
worshipped
was
nothing
,
because
by
how
much
the
more
diligently
I
sought
the
truth
in
that
worship
,
the
less
I
found
it
.
But
now
I
openly
professe
,
that
in
this
preaching
,
the
truth
shines
forth
,
which
is
able
to
give
unto
us
the
gifts
of
eternal
life
,
salvation
,
and
happiness
;
Whereupon
,
I
advise
thee
,
that
the
Temples
,
and
Altars
we
have
consecrated
without
any
fruit
or
benefit
,
we
should
now
presently
execrate
and
burn
.
the
King
openly
gave
his
assent
to
the
preaching
of
&
renouncing
Idolatry
confessed
that
he
did
imbrace
the
faith
of
Christ
.
who
ought
first
to
prophane
and
destroy
the
Altars
&
Temples
of
the
Idols
,
with
the
rails
&
and
bounds
wherewith
they
were
inclosed
?
I
,
who
have
worshipped
them
through
foolishness
.
Whereupon
the
King
,
with
his
Nobles
,
and
very
many
of
the
people
,
embraced
the
Christian
Religion
,
and
were
baptized
by
William
of
Malmesbury
Praedo
Publicus
Ceadwalla
Britonum
the
Bishops
of
and
Kings
Easwine
)
and
all
the
Nobles
being
present
at
it
.
ten
Canons
Laws
,
which
they
all
subscribed
and
ratified
with
their
hands
That
a
Synod
(
or
Parliamentary
Assembly
)
should
be
assembled
twice
,
or
Placuit
omnibus
in
commune
,
they
all
agreed
in
common
,
that
in
the
Calends
of
August
,
in
a
place
called
Cloveshoon
,
a
Synod
should
be
congregated
,
at
least
once
every
year
.
of
all
his
Nobles
William
of
Malmesbury
That
though
before
his
conversion
unto
Christianity
,
he
addicted
himself
to
wars
,
and
to
plunder
and
spoil
his
neighbouring
Kings
Plundering
,
warring
Saints
in
giving
the
Tenths
of
all
their
spoils
and
plunders
to
God
&
his
Ministers
,
before
he
turned
Christian
,
intending
to
invade
the
Isle
of
Wight
,
and
unite
it
to
his
Kingdom
;
he
vowed
to
give
the
4th
.
part
of
the
Iland
,
and
Prey
,
to
Christ
,
if
he
should
vanquish
it
:
conquering
the
Isle
,
slew
the
Natives
in
it
,
being
Pagans
,
with
a
Tragical
slaughter
;
and
in
performance
of
his
vow
,
gave
to
Bishop
being
the
fourth
part
thereof
conquered
Lands
Christs
Church
and
Ministers
the
Churches
antient
Lands
,
Glebes
,
Tithes
as
he
was
unjustly
banished
from
his
Country
,
through
the
envy
of
others
,
only
for
his
vertues
and
worthiness
,
wherein
he
shed
abundance
of
Christian
blood
:
Crown
,
Kingdom
,
Conquests
wars
,
bloodshed
,
plunders
,
rapines
,
Anno
Dom.
the
pravity
of
his
life
Salvation
of
his
soul
,
and
hope
of
a
future
reward
,
gave
to
Christ-Church
in
and
to
the
family
serving
God
in
that
Church
,
his
Lands
called
with
the
Fields
,
Woods
,
Pastures
,
and
all
things
thereunto
of
right
appertaining
,
free
from
all
secular
services
,
&
Fiscal
tributes
;
except
these
three
;
Expedition
,
Building
of
Castle
and
Bridge
.
where
all
these
Grants
and
Charters
are
recorded
:
published
by
Mr.
since
this
was
penned
Kent
,
Anno
Isle
of
Thannet
from
all
secular
services
,
except
these
three
,
Expedition
,
Building
of
Bridge
and
Castle
:
secular
services
,
but
those
3
forementioned
)
private
Lands
Charters
alone
from
all
secular
services
,
exceptis
Expeditione
,
Pontis
&
Arcis
constructione
,
Catalogue
of
Bisho●…
in
the
〈…〉
by
the
command
of
all
the
Synod
,
he
was
constrained
to
take
upon
him
the
Office
of
a
Bishop
:
advice
of
Archbishop
Theodor
,
Bishop
Trumwin
,
&
totius
Concilii
,
the
whole
Council
Cutbert
and
all
his
successors
,
the
Village
called
and
3
mile
in
circuit
round
about
it
,
together
with
the
City
called
and
15
miles
circuit
round
about
it
,
to
have
to
him
and
his
successors
,
for
the
service
of
God
for
ever
,
as
freely
and
quietly
as
he
himself
enjoyed
them
,
and
to
dispose
thereof
at
his
pleasure
Arch-Bishop
and
Bishops
present
in
the
Conncil
,
confirmed
with
their
Subscriptions
.
Hartford
,
Clovesho
for
the
confirmation
of
the
Christian
faith
,
the
5
first
General
Councils
,
&c.
Gervasius
,
Doroberniensis
,
Matthew
Parker
,
Matthew
Westminster
,
An.
880.
Chronicon
Johannis
Bromton
,
Col.
741
,
756
,
799
,
780.
Radul
.
de
Diceto
Abbreviationes
Chronic.
Col.
441.
Chronica
Wil.
Thorne
,
col.
1770
,
Henry
Huntindon
,
Historiarum
lib.
3.
p.
335
,
Spelmanni
Concilia
,
Fox
Acts
and
Monuments
Canterbury
,
Toby
other
Abbots
,
Abbesses
,
Priests
,
Deacons
,
Dukes
and
Earls
great
Council
consulting
all
together
concerning
the
State
of
the
Churches
of
God
,
within
that
Realm
,
how
they
might
establish
and
perpetuate
to
them
to
the
end
of
the
World
,
those
Lands
and
Revenues
which
their
plous
Kings
and
Ancestors
had
granted
and
appropriated
to
God
and
his
Church
,
as
their
perpetual
inheritance
,
without
substraction
or
diminution
,
enacted
,
decreed
,
and
in
the
name
of
God
Almighty
commanded
,
both
Kings
and
Princes
,
with
allother
Laymen
whatsoever
,
should
not
invade
the
Rights
,
Lands
or
Dominions
of
the
Churches
,
which
they
then
confirmed
;
nor
presume
to
violate
the
Privileges
granted
to
them
,
and
specially
by
which
they
ratified
in
this
Council
with
all
their
subscriptions
exempted
Churches
from
all
secular
services
and
Tributes
,
but
such
as
they
should
voluntarily
and
freely
render
without
compulsion
,
which
should
not
be
drawn
into
custom
to
their
prejudice
Council
of
Berghamsteed
advice
and
common
consent
of
his
Bishops
,
and
other
Ecclesiastical
Orders
,
enacted
sundry
Ecclesiastical
and
civil
Laws
,
to
be
added
to
the
former
Laws
and
customs
of
Kent
:
That
the
Church
shall
be
free
,
and
enjoy
her
Judgements
,
Rents
,
and
Pensions
.
together
with
the
consent
of
his
Nobles
and
Bishops
Churches
of
God
in
that
they
should
be
perpetually
freed
ab
omni
exactione
publica
tributi
,
atque
dispendio
vel
laestone
à
praesenti
aie
&
tempore
,
&c.
From
all
publick
exaction
of
Tribute
,
and
from
all
dammage
and
harm
:
rendring
to
him
&
his
posterity
,
such
honour
and
obedience
as
they
had
yeelded
to
the
Kings
his
antecessors
;
under
whom
Justice
and
Liberty
was
kept
towards
them
.
in
the
lives
of
Archbishop
into
〈…〉
more
Bishopricks
exiled
the
Realm
without
any
just
and
lawfull
cause
again
deprived
of
his
Bishoprick
and
right
by
the
Judgement
and
sentence
of
another
Council
two
successive
appeals
to
Rome
against
their
two
unjust
sentences
,
Pope
Agatho
Council
of
150
Bishops
should
be
restored
to
his
Bishoprick
and
make
such
Bishops
under
him
(
by
advice
of
a
Council
to
be
held●
by
him
)
as
he
should
deem
meet
sealed
with
the
Popes
Seal
that
he
spoiled
of
all
his
Goods
and
possessions
,
and
committed
him
prisoner
to
a
barbarous
and
cruel
Governour
;
who
thrust
him
into
a
dark
dungeon
for
many
days
;
and
after
that
committed
him
to
another
more
cruel
Gaoler
than
he
,
called
Tumber
,
who
endeavoured
to
put
him
into
Fetters
by
the
Kings
command
;
which
he
could
no
ways
fasten
upon
his
Legs
,
but
they
presently
fell
off
again
,
through
a
Miracle
.
he
was
loosed
from
his
Bonds
,
detain●ed
in
free
custody
,
and
afterwards
released
,
but
not
restored
.
appealed
again
to
Pope
John
,
second
Council
re-admit
him
to
his
Archbishoprick
,
unless
he
would
submit
to
the
decrees
of
Archbishop
his
successor
unless
they
were
such
as
were
consonant
to
the
decrees
of
the
holy
Canons
,
which
he
conceived
theirs
not
to
be
,
because
they
would
order
him
to
condemn
himself
without
any
Crime
objected
to
him
.
free
from
all
Crime
,
and
ordered
him
to
return
to
his
A●chbishoprick
;
writing
Letters
to
King
of
King
of
to
restore
him
thereunto
receiving
the
Popes
Letters
by
Messengers
,
altogether
refused
to
obey
the
Popes
commands
in
this
Case
neither
would
he
restore
him
all
his
life
.
he
was
so
inraged
with
him
for
it
,
that
he
presently
commanded
him
to
depart
the
Realm
forthwith
,
unless
he
would
be
sp●led
of
all
his
goods
,
and
cast
out
of
it
with
disgrace
.
by
the
Nobles
,
as
right
heir
thereunto
Richard
Prior
Abbey
of
Evesham
Archbishops
,
Bishops
,
Princes
and
Nobles
of
divers
Provinces
,
Pope
Constantine
Kings
,
Bishops
,
Religious
persons
of
Holy
Orders
,
with
the
Nobles
and
great
men
of
the
Realm
;
who
being
all
assembled
together
in
the
name
of
the
Lord
;
The
should
in
their
presence
,
read
the
Charters
of
these
Kings
and
the
Popes
confirmation
of
them
,
that
they
might
be
confirmed
by
the
favour
and
assent
of
the
Clergy
and
the
people
,
and
consecrated
with
their
Benediction
.
General
Council
Bishops
,
Nobles
two
Kings
all
these
their
Donations
and
Charters
were
confirmed
gave
to
God
,
the
blessed
Virgin
,
Saint
Bartholomew
&
Kenulphus
,
free
from
all
Rent
and
secular
services
Procerumque
Regni
sui
securam
statuit
;
all
his
Bishops
and
Nobles
of
his
Realm
assenting
to
,
and
ratifying
this
Charter
of
his
,
both
with
the
subscriptions
of
their
names
,
and
sign
of
the
Cross
,
as
well
as
the
King
blessed
Crown
of
Britain
all
the
English
that
then
were
,
took
them
wives
of
the
Britons
race
,
all
the
took
them
wives
of
the
illustrious
blood
of
the
Per
commune
Concilium
Et
per
praeceptum
Regis
Inae
;
whereby
they
became
one
Nation
and
People
.
the
Realm
of
England
the
Realm
of
Britain
after
stood
together
,
united
in
one
,
for
common
profit
of
the
Crown
of
the
Realm
,
and
with
●…nimous
consent
most
fiercely
fought
against
the
and
waged
most
cruel
wars
with
them
,
for
the
preservation
of
their
Country
,
Lands
and
Liberties
.
with
many
large
and
great
Privileges
,
exempting
them
from
all
Episcopal
Jurisdiction
,
and
from
all
regal
exactions
and
services
,
which
are
accustomed
to
be
excepted
and
reserved
from
Expedition
and
building
and
repairing
of
Castles
or
Bridges
;
from
which
they
should
inviolably
remain
free
and
exempted
,
and
from
all
the
promulgations
and
perturbations
of
Arch-Bishops
and
Bishops
:
K●…s
,
K●…n
,
●…alla
made
and
ratified
by
the
consent
and
subscription
,
not
only
Baldr●d
Adelard
Queens
Brother
consentientibus
etiam
omnibus
Britanniae
Regibus
.
Archiepiscopis
,
Episcopis
,
Ducibus
,
atque
Abbatibus
,
all
the
Kings
,
Archbishops
,
Bishops
,
Dukes
,
and
Abbots
of
Britain
,
consenting
likewise
thereunto
maintenance
of
the
English
Scholars
there
,
a
penny
out
of
every
house
within
●his
Realm
,
Peter
pence
;
to
be
paid
towards
it
every
year
Things
and
Tax
;
That
they
might
continue
firm
for
perpetuity
,
were
confirmed
by
a
general
decree
of
a
Parliamentary
Council
of
his
Realm
Great
Parliamentary
Council
Canterbury
;
the
rest
of
the
Bishops
sitting
together
with
them
,
diligently
examined
things
necessary
concerning
Religion
,
and
studiously
searched
out
of
the
ancient
Creeds
and
institutions
of
the
holy
Fathers
,
how
things
were
ordered
according
to
the
rule
of
equity
in
the
beginning
of
the
Churches
birth
in
Liberty
and
Privileges
which
King
had
granted
to
the
Churches
in
which
being
read
before
all
,
by
King
command
;
they
were
all
very
well
pleased
therewith
,
That
there
could
not
be
found
any
so
noble
and
so
prudent
a
Decree
as
this
,
formerly
made
,
touching
Ecclesiastical
Discipline
therefore
,
Hoc
ab
omnibus
firmari
sanxerunt
,
decreed
that
it
should
be
confirmed
by
them
all
.
and
stability
of
his
kingdome
,
confirmed
That
the
Liberty
,
Honour
,
Authority
,
and
security
of
Christe
Church
in
all
things
,
should
be
denied
by
no
person
,
but
that
it
should
be
free
from
all
secular
services
,
with
all
the
lands
pertaining
thereunto
,
except
Expedition
and
building
of
Bridge
and
Castle
.
ordained
,
those
privileges
should
be
observed
by
him
and
his
,
they
shall
continue
irrefragably
and
immutably
in
all
things
.
And
if
any
of
our
Successors
,
Kings
,
Bishops
,
or
Princes
shall
attempt
to
infringe
this
wholsom
Decree
,
let
him
render
an
account
to
Almighty
God
in
that
terrible
day
;
But
if
any
Earl
,
Priests
,
Clerk
,
Deacon
Monk
shall
resist
this
Decree
,
let
him
be
deprived
of
his
degree
,
and
sequestred
from
the
participation
of
the
body
&
blood
of
the
Lord
and
alienated
from
the
kingdom
of
God
,
unless
he
shall
amend
with
due
satisfaction
,
what
he
hath
unjustly
done
,
through
the
evil
of
Pride
.
Bishops
,
cum
Principibus
et
Ducibus
,
were
present
were
some
Ecclesiastical
Laws
for
Prayers
to
be
publikely
made
for
Kings
and
Princes
incessantly
;
that
the
People
might
live
a
Godly
and
peaceable
life
under
their
pious
protection
.
former
Grant
of
Privileges
to
the
Churches
,
Marginal
Authors
Synodal
Decrees
should
be
perpetually
observed
with
greatest
solemnity
,
Ethelbald
,
with
his
Nobles
Proposition
5
,
being
there
present
,
and
approving
it
.
Exactions
and
insolencies
insolent
and
proud
by
his
Pr●●ecessors
great
successes
intollerable
to
his
Subjects
every
kind
,
Depraving
or
altering
the
Laws
of
his
Ancestors
,
for
his
own
private
Lucre
,
and
exercising
exactions
and
cruelties
upon
his
Subjects
,
setting
aside
all
Laws
.
to
govern
his
people
more
mildly
and
justly
,
that
so
he
might
become
amiable
to
God
and
men
he
commanded
him
most
wickedly
to
be
slain
,
and
became
more
cruel
and
Tyrannical
to
his
people
than
before
.
their
Laws
and
Liberties
thus
violated
,
Estates
and
Lives
every
day
in
danger
,
being
incensed
into
fury
,
assembling
themselves
together
,
did
all
unamimously
rise
up
in
A●…
against
him
and
upon
mature
prudent
deliberation
,
by
the
unanimous
consent
of
all
,
expelled
him
the
Kingdom
for
his
Tyranny
and
mis-governmenr
.
Florensius
Wigorn●ensis
Nobles
,
for
the
multitude
of
his
unjust
deeds
;
Kenulphus
,
allotted
him
the
County
of
for
his
maintenance
,
until
he
slew
Earl
Ethelwerdus
,
Hist.
l.
2.
c.
Polychronicon
,
l.
5.
c.
usurped
the
Crown
by
meer
force
of
Arms
,
first
drawing
the
Nobles
and
People
to
rise
up
against
,
and
expell
for
his
exorbitant
actions
,
and
the
multitude
of
his
unjust
deeds
,
and
then
usurping
the
Throne
,
being
not
of
the
blood
Royal
though
of
a
Noble
family
that
he
came
to
a
miserable
end
upon
this
occasion
.
being
puffed
up
therewith
,
and
fearing
lest
should
revenge
his
Brothers
death
upon
him
,
and
dispossess
him
or
his
posterity
of
the
Crown
,
he
banished
and
compelled
him
to
depart
his
Kingdom
.
went
with
a
few
followers
to
visit
his
Paramore
at
where
he
besetting
the
House
round
,
slew
the
King
,
with
all
his
followers
.
not
to
let
pass
the
death
of
their
Lord
unrevenged
,
to
their
notorious
and
perpetual
infamy
,
and
notwithstanding
all
their
fair
promises
of
Mony
,
&
preferments
to
them
,
and
all
intreaties
,
after
a
sharp
bloody
incounter
,
put
them
all
to
the
sword
,
with
the
loss
of
some
of
their
own
lives
.
Henry
Huntindon
,
Roger
Hoveden
,
John
Bromton
,
Malmesbury
,
Bernred
because
he
governed
them
not
by
just
Laws
,
but
by
Tyranny
as
well
Noble
as
Ignoble
they
expelled
him
out
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
then
,
by
the
unanimous
consent
of
all
,
as
well
Clergy
as
people
,
they
crowned
Malmesbury
,
Speed
Simeon
Dunelmensis
treacherously
murthered
King
his
Soveraign
and
thereupon
usurping
his
Throne
,
and
turning
a
Tyrant
,
was
in
the
very
first
year
of
his
usurped
reign
,
expelled
the
Realm
,
and
soon
after
slain
by
dignum
finem
insidiarum
tulit
Author
necis
Ethelbald
,
asuis
tutoribus
fraudulentèr
interfectus
,
great
exactions
so
as
their
trading
and
merchandize
was
every
where
prohibited
in
both
their
Realms
,
That
all
Pilgrims
passing
through
his
Dominions
to
Rome
for
piety
and
devotion
sake
alone
,
should
have
free
and
peaceable
passage
without
any
molestation
or
Tribute
.
That
all
Merchants
and
others
in
the
company
of
Pilgrims
passing
only
for
gain
,
not
devotion
,
should
pay
only
a
certain
established
Tribute
in
fitting
places
.
That
all
English
Merchants
and
Traders
should
have
lawfull
protection
,
by
his
command
,
within
his
Realm
,
and
if
in
any
place
they
were
vexed
with
unjust
oppression
,
that
upon
complaint
to
him
or
his
Judges
,
they
should
have
full
justice
done
unto
them
.
assaulted
and
burnt
a
certain
their
justice
in
his
own
house
,
plus
aequo
saevientem
,
for
tyrannizing
beyond
the
Bounds
of
Law
and
Right
.
Maslmesbury
,
Huntindon
,
Hoveden
,
Aethelwendus
,
Matthew
Westminste●
,
Bromton
,
Florentius
Wagorniensis
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Radulphus
de
Diceto
,
Polychronicon
,
Holinshed
,
Speed
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
and
extirpated
by
Famine
,
Sword
,
and
Pestilence
the
whole
reduced
into
a
desolate
Wilderness
,
without
an
inhabitant
,
and
lay
untilled
for
nine
years
space
;
bestiarum
tantum
&
latronum
latibula
Simeon
Dunelmensis
Hagustald
,
col.
264.
in
Historia
Ricardi
Prioris
Hagustaldensis
de
Gestis
Regis
Stephani
&
bello
Standardi
,
col
.
Parliamentary
Council
Cal●hu●
,
Chalchuthe
Henry
Huntindon
Ecclesiastical
and
secular
Princes
,
Nobles
,
Elders
,
Bishops
,
Abbots
,
were
present
;
who
all
subscribed
and
consented
to
the
Ecclesiaestical
and
Temporal
Laws
and
Canons
therein
made
and
published
,
being
20
in
Number
to
be
solemnly
crowned
King
,
who
from
thenceforth
reigned
with
him
,
Jurisdiction
within
his
Realm
of
a
great
Council
Henry
Spelman
Councils
were
principally
summoned
to
prevent
the
incursions
of
the
many
thousand
thousands
of
the
English
at
sundry
times
.
Aclith
,
wicked
Treason
slain
himself
condigu
punishment
for
their
treasons
chased
out
of
his
Kingdom
by
his
rebellious
subjects
,
when
he
had
reigned
but
one
year
,
King
in
his
place
his
Realm
taken
prisoner
and
slain
by
this
Usurper
even
by
those
seditious
Subjects
King
Offa
all
the
Primates
and
Nobles
were
present
●ndowing
it
with
lands
and
Privileges
.
Placuit
omnibus
Regis
propositum
.
the
King
should
go
to
Rome
in
person
,
and
procure
from
the
the
Canonization
of
and
a
Confirmation
of
Privileges
to
the
Abbey
he
intended
to
build
.
he
should
confer
to
the
Monastery
of
St.
what
Possessions
or
Privileges
he
would
grant
or
confirm
to
it
by
his
special
Charter
first
,
and
afterwards
he
would
confirm
his
original
with
his
Privilege
and
Bull.
two
great
Councils
for
the
setliug
of
the
Lands
,
Privileges
and
Liberties
of
St.
Kings
,
15
Bishops
,
and
20
Dukes
John
Stow
all
subscribed
and
ratified
his
Privileges
granted
to
St.
Matthew
Westminster
(
z
out
of
all
those
Counties
to
the
English
School
at
Rome
,
Peter-Pence
Romescot
.
Yet
this
Church
alone
should
be
quit
of
the
Apostolical
Custom
and
Tribute
called
when
as
neither
the
King
nor
Archbishop
,
nor
any
Bishop
,
Abbot
,
or
Prior
,
or
any
other
in
the
Realm
was
exempted
Proposit.
1.
6.
frow
this
payment
.
should
exercise
Episcopal
Authority
over
all
the
Priests
&
Laymen
within
the
possessions
belonging
to
the
Abbey
,
and
that
he
should
make
subjection
to
no
Archbishop
,
Bishop
,
or
Legate
,
but
only
to
the
Pope
himself
.
So
as
that
Church
hath
and
the
Abbot
thereof
for
the
time
being
,
Archbishops
there
William
Thorne
with
all
those
other
Lands
,
Privileges
and
Royal
Liberties
which
his
Father
had
conferred
on
the
said
Church
,
to
enjoy
them
in
the
freest
manner
.
Et
ejus
Donatio
,
ut
perpetuae
firmitatis
Robur
obtineret
,
&
signum
crucis
apposuit
,
Causing
all
his
Bishops
,
Ear●s
,
and
Barons
of
his
whole
Realm
to
subscribe
and
ratifie
his
Charter
and
Donation
with
the
sign
of
the
Cross
,
after
the
manner
of
the
Roman
Church
,
That
it
might
be
of
perpetual
force
and
validity
.
for
the
exaltation
of
his
Kingdom
,
had
diminished
out
of
the
possessions
of
divers
Monasteries
,
he
,
out
of
a
pious
devotion
,
restored
and
confirmed
with
his
Privilege
to
all
who
desired
it
(
was
taken
away
by
sudden
death
on
the
141
day
after
his
Fathers
decease
not
for
his
own
sins
,
which
is
not
to
be
supposed
;
but
because
his
Father
for
the
confirmation
of
his
Kingdom
shed
much
blood
.
usurpation
,
Tyranny
,
and
Mis-government
,
after
ten
years
prosperous
wars
to
conquer
others
,
returned
victoriously
into
his
own
territories
.
to
compleat
his
bloody
Tragedies
,
Ethelber●
to
marry
his
Daughter
treacherously
murdered
by
his
Wife
solicitation
and
practice
,
with
his
privity
and
consent
,
deep
pit
to
be
digged
in
his
Bed
chamber
,
under
his
Chair
of
State
,
or
Bed
,
he
falling
was
there
treacherously
murdered
,
and
his
head
cut
off
by
who
presented
it
seeming
to
be
sorrowfull
for
this
murder
,
shut
himself
up
in
his
Chamber
,
and
there
fasted
8
days
space
,
sending
a
great
Army
into
the
Kingdom
of
this
murthered
Prince
,
seised
on
&
united
it
to
his
own
Empire
.
one
year
after
this
bloody
fact
committed
,
Queendreda
,
Offa
all
died
,
and
his
very
kingdom
it self
was
translated
from
the
to
the
whom
he
●…quered
and
oppressed
Walter
Raughly
History
of
the
World
.
Bishops
,
una
cum
caterva
Satraparum
,
Mentz
▪
Parliamentary
Synod
Yorksate
President
,
with
very
many
wise
and
great
Men
;
by
whose
Wisdom
and
Justice
the
Kingdom
of
was
then
much
advanced
and
renowned
:
debated
many
things
concerning
the
benefit
of
holy
Church
,
and
profit
of
all
the
Provinces
of
the
People
of
the
observation
of
Easter
,
and
of
Divine
and
secular
Laws
,
the
increase
of
Gode
service
,
and
the
honours
and
necessities
of
the
servants
of
God
,
rehearsed
and
ratified
the
faith
of
the
5
first
General
Councils
,
concerning
the
Trinity
,
Great
Council
Canterbury
,
17
other
Bishops
,
sundry
Abbots
,
Arch-deacons
,
and
other
fit
persons
being
there
likewise
present
Pope
Leo
That
from
thenceforth
no
Laymen
should
exercise
Dominion
over
the
Lords
Inheritance
and
Churches
;
but
that
they
should
be
governed
by
Holy
Canons
,
and
the
Rules
of
their
first
founders
and
possessors
,
under
pain
of
Excommunication
:
and
that
should
be
restored
to
its
antient
Metropolitan
Jurisdiction
Bishops
,
and
10
Dukes
had
taken
prisoner
in
Battel
he
vanquished
and
utterly
routed
,
after
a
long
and
bloody
battle
at
where
many
were
slain
on
both
sides
Matthew
Westminster
By
the
consent
of
his
Bishops
and
Priuces
gave
to
his
Servants
free
from
all
secular
service
and
Regal
Tribute
:
ratifying
this
restitution
by
his
Charter
,
signed
with
the
Cross
,
might
remain
inviolable
Provincial
Council
Mercians
,
Athelwerdus
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
,
Dukes
,
Abbots
and
men
of
all
sorts
of
dignity
Catholique
Faith
was
kept
,
and
Christian
Religion
practiced
amongst
them
?
Hides
of
Land
Synodali
Judicio
Judgement
of
the
Council
,
restored
to
Christ-Church
.
Et
omnium
voce
Decretum
est
,
It
was
decreed
by
the
voice
of
all
the
Council
,
upon
sight
of
the
Books
and
Deeds
there
produced
before
them
by
the
that
it
was
just
should
be
restored
to
of
which
it
had
,
for
a
long
time
unjustly
been
spoiled
,
notwithstanding
the
frequent
complaints
made
by
Archbishop
in
every
of
their
Synods
.
In
hoc
Concilio
annuente
ipso
Rege
,
Fleot
,
Tenaham
which
exchange
was
made
before
,
confirmed
and
attested
by
this
Noble
Synod
;
that
so
no
Controversie
might
arise
between
them
,
their
Heirs
and
Successors
,
or
King
s
,
in
future
times
concerning
the
same
,
but
that
they
might
peaceably
injoy
them
without
interruption
,
for
ever
.
G●eat
Councils
Kenulph
,
with
his
Bishops
,
Dukes
,
et
omni
sub
nostra
Ditione
Dignatis
gradu
,
obedience
to
his
commands
;
requesting
,
that
the
ancient
Canons
might
be
observed
,
and
the
Jurisdiction
and
Power
of
the
See
of
(
which
King
had
diminished
and
divided
into
two
Provinces
or
Archbishopricks
)
might
be
restored
and
united
again
thereto
,
to
avoid
Scisms
:
and
craving
the
answer
to
these
their
requests
restoring
to
and
his
successors
the
Bishopricks
substracted
from
his
Province
,
the
Metropolitan
Jurisdiction
over
them
,
as
amply
as
before
.
Litchfield
was
dissolved
,
the
See
of
restored
to
its
former
plenary
Metropolitical
Jurisdiction
Pope
Leo
By
the
advice
and
Decree
of
the
whole
Council
:
commanded
in
the
name
of
God
;
That
no
Kings
,
nor
Bishops
,
nor
Princes
,
should
diminish
the
honour
of
the
Metropolitical
See
,
or
presume
to
divide
it
in
any
particle
whatsoever
,
under
pain
of
an
Anathema
Maranatha
other
Bishops
Council
of
Bechanceld
Council
divers
controversies
concerning
the
Lands
,
Limits
and
Jurisdictions
of
other
Bishops
&
Bishopricks
were
likewise
decided
and
setled
so
ambitions
,
●…solent
,
and
Tyrannical
that
she
became
od●ous
,
not
only
to
all
the
Prelates
,
Nobles
,
and
Courtiers
,
but
to
the
people
l●kewise
.
incited
with
malice
and
tyranny
,
she
usually
accused
and
execrated
to
the
King
all
the
Nobles
of
the
Realm
,
Ordinaries
,
Bishops
,
and
Religious
persons
,
and
so
overcame
him
by
her
flatteries
,
that
those
whom
she
began
to
accuse
,
she
would
either
deprive
of
Life
,
or
banish
them
the
Realm
;
and
if
she
could
not
obtain
this
from
the
King
against
them
,
she
accustomed
to
destroy
them
privily
with
poison
.
they
were
both
therewith
suddenly
poisoned
and
destroyed
.
invaluable
Treasures
beyond
the
Seas
in
making
choice
of
his
Son
for
her
Husband
before
himself
,
she
abusing
her
body
by
uncleaness
a
lewd
man
,
was
expelled
thence
,
forced
to
beg
her
bread
,
and
ended
her
days
in
extreme
misery
.
Tyrannical
Queen
unrighteous
King
succeeding
Queens
:
That
none
of
them
should
have
either
Title
,
Majesty
,
or
place
of
Royalty
or
Queen
:
William
of
Malmesbury
,
Asserius
Menevensis
,
Matthew
Westminster
,
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Parliamentary
Synod
Suffragan
Bishops
Princes
,
Dukes
,
and
Nobles
,
and
sundry
Abbots
,
Priests
,
Deacons
,
and
other
sacred
Orders
were
present
,
That
the
Judgements
and
Decrees
of
Bishops
made
in
Synods
should
not
be
infringed
,
but
remain
firm
and
irrefragable
,
with
the
sign
of
the
holy
Cross
(
by
the
Kings
and
Nobles
Subscriptions
)
unless
perchance
the
King
or
Princes
deemed
the
subscriptions
of
their
Antecessors
of
no
force
,
and
feared
not
to
reform
,
or
cease
from
this
error
,
which
shall
rest
and
bring
a
Curse
on
them
and
their
heirs
.
That
no
Bishops
,
Abbots
or
Abbesses
shall
alienate
or
part
with
the
Lands
,
writings
and
evidences
of
their
Churches
and
Monasteries
,
which
they
are
intrusted
to
keep
,
both
concerning
the
benefit
and
regulation
of
the
Church
,
and
defence
and
safety
of
the
Realm
Council
,
the
Proceedings
in
3
precedent
Councils
,
touching
the
Complaints
of
the
of
the
Injuries
done
unto
them
,
in
taking
away
the
Lands
of
the
Church
by
their
Kings
and
Officers
,
with
the
proceedings
thereupon
and
was
most
unjustly
deprived
of
his
just
dominations
,
as
well
by
those
things
which
were
done
unto
him
amongst
us
here
in
by
those
things
which
were
brought
against
him
to
the
See
by
the
procurement
of
the
foresaid
King
by
which
accusations
and
discords
,
not
only
the
fore-named
Archbishop
,
but
also
the
whole
English
Nation
,
for
almost
six
years
space
,
was
deprived
of
its
primordial
authority
,
and
of
the
Ministry
of
sacred
Baptism
.
the
King
commanded
,
that
relinquishing
all
his
goods
,
he
should
speedily
depart
out
of
without
hopes
of
returning
any
more
,
by
the
command
of
our
Lord
the
neither
by
the
intreaties
of
the
nor
of
any
other
person
,
unless
he
would
consent
to
his
will
,
in
demising
to
him
a
farm
of
300
Hides
of
Land
,
called
and
moreover
would
give
to
the
said
King
one
hundred
and
twenty
pounds
in
money
rapacity
and
violence
of
the
King
,
that
he
would
consent
to
the
Kings
will
,
upon
this
condition
;
that
the
King
should
relinquish
the
difference
which
he
had
raised
between
the
by
his
Messengers
,
and
should
restore
to
the
said
Father
all
the
power
and
dignity
which
belonged
to
the
said
Primates
See
,
which
his
Predecessors
most
amply
enjoyed
in
former
time
.
But
if
the
King
could
not
do
this
,
that
he
should
then
restore
the
mony
and
Land
,
which
he
exacted
of
the
Arohbishop
to
him
again
.
Abbess
Kenedrytha
Archbishop
complained
in
the
audience
of
all
the
Council
,
of
the
injuries
and
troubles
offered
and
done
to
him
,
and
to
Christs
Church
,
by
her
Father
;
and
required
reparation
from
her
,
if
it
were
Just
:
Then
all
the
Council
found
it
to
be
Justice
,
and
Decreed
it
by
a
unanimous
consent
,
That
all
those
things
which
her
Father
had
taken
away
from
the
Archbishop
,
she
ought
justly
to
restore
unto
him
,
and
to
give
him
so
much
again
for
reparation
.
moreover
should
restore
all
the
use
the
foresaid
Father
had
lost
in
so
long
a
space
:
Beornulf
,
with
his
Wisemen
most
diligently
to
make
a
reconciliation
and
amends
for
the
said
Lands
,
between
the
heirs
of
King
and
the
Herfording
Land
,
Wamdel●a
the
foresaid
should
deliver
to
the
said
the
foresaid
Lands
of
one
hundred
Hides
,
with
the
Books
which
the
and
with
the
same
liberty
which
he
had
before
,
for
a
perpetual
inher●nace
:
Beornulf
,
with
the
testimony
of
the
whole
Council
,
proclaimed
it
to
be
altogether
free
.
she
confessed
her
folly
in
delaying
her
former
agreement
:
that
he
was
altogether
free
from
the
foresaid
agreement
,
and
that
of
her
part
there
were
many
things
wanting
which
she
ought
to
have
restored
humbly
promised
,
that
she
would
restore
all
those
things
that
were
wanting
,
and
with
a
willing
mind
restored
to
the
before
she
had
not
promised
,
with
the
Lands
(
adjudged
to
him
,
Henry
Spelmans
in
the
same
Council
that
a
firm
and
stable
friendship
of
King
and
the
Archbishop
Arch-bishop
gave
his
consent
,
upon
this
Condition
,
that
the
names
of
the
afore
said
Lands
should
be
rased
quite
out
of
the
Ancient
Privileges
which
belong
to
lest
in
after
times
some
controversie
should
be
raised
,
De
hoc
quod
Synodali
authoritate
decretum
est
,
et
signo
crucis
firmatum
:
and
before
the
whole
Council
their
heirs
Tort
Feasor
Theodor
,
That
the
Bishops
once
a
year
should
assemble
together
in
a
Council
at
Gervasius
Doroberniensis
(
m
which
all
his
Bishops
and
Abbots
,
and
all
the
Princes
,
Nobles
,
and
many
most
wise
men
were
assembled
together
that
this
Lana
and
Monastery
were
impropriated
to
his
possession
and
Church
It
was
ordained
and
decreed
by
the
Archbishop
,
&
all
the
Council
consenting
with
him
;
that
the
Bishop
should
enjoy
the
Monastery
,
Lands
,
and
Books
to
him
and
his
Church
subscriptions
of
sundry
Bishops
,
Abbots
,
Dakes
and
Nobles
,
all
ratifying
this
Decree
West-Saxons
,
Athelwulfe
Mercians
,
both
the
Arcbbishops
,
Abbots
,
cum
Proceribus
majoribus
totius
Angliae
,
with
the
greatest
Nobles
of
all
England
,
pro
consilio
capiendo
contra
Danicos
Piratas
Littora
Angliae
assidne
infestantes
:
to
take
Counsel
what
to
do
against
the
Danish
Pirates
,
dayly
infesting
the
Sea-Coasts
of
was
made
and
ratified
granted
them
many
rich
gifts
of
Plate
,
Gold
,
Silver
,
Land
,
and
the
Privilege
of
a
Sanctuary
,
for
all
offenders
flying
to
it
for
shelter
elected
King
,
omnium
consensu
invading
Tyrants
cut
off
in
a
short
time
his
Charter
to
this
Abbey
for
ever
,
to
be
held
of
him
,
his
heirs
and
Successors
,
Kings
of
in
perpetual
and
pure
Frankalmoigne
in
this
Parliamentary
Council
,
by
the
consent
of
King
and
his
Son
,
and
of
all
the
Bishops
,
Abbots
et
Proceribus
Majoribus
Angliae
,
and
the
greater
Nobles
of
England
there
present
subscribing
and
ratifying
this
Charter
with
the
sign
of
the
Cross
,
and
their
names
.
Aethelwulfe
,
Ceol●eth
with
the
rest
of
the
Bishops
and
Nobles
of
England
were
present
.
Amongst
many
things
there
acted
and
spoken
,
Archbishop
shewed
before
the
whole
Council
,
That
the
foresaid
Kings
had
given
to
Christchurch
the
Mannor
called
free
from
all
secular
service
and
Regal
Tributes
,
excepting
only
these
three
,
Expedition
,
building
of
Bridge
and
Castle
:
which
foresaid
Mannor
and
Lands
King
gave
to
Christchurch
But
because
this
King
pleased
not
all
his
Nobles
,
they
would
not
that
this
his
gift
should
continue
firm
:
Henry
Spelman
at
the
request
of
the
said
Archbishop
,
regranted
and
confirmed
it
to
Christchurch
If
any
shall
presume
to
violate
it
,
on
the
behalf
of
God
,
and
of
us
Kings
,
Bishops
,
Abbots
,
and
all
Christians
,
let
him
be
separated
from
God
,
and
bet
his
portion
be
with
the
Devil
and
his
Angols
.
Polydor
Virgil
Rome
,
repaired
the
English
School
and
in
imitation
of
King
made
that
part
of
his
Kingdom
which
his
Father
had
added
,
Tributary
towards
it
Legeque
sancivit
,
and
enacted
by
a
Law
that
those
who
received
30
pence
rent
every
year
out
of
their
possessions
,
or
had
more
houses
,
should
pay
for
those
houses
they
inhabited
,
every
of
them
a
penny
a
peece
to
the
Pope
at
the
Feast
of
or
at
least
of
St.
bonds
;
which
Law
some
though
falsely
,
ascribr
to
his
Son
Hist.
of
the
Abby
of
Croyland
,
●royland
,
most
wickedly
and
violently
took
away
all
the
Jewels
,
P●ate
and
ornaments
of
the
Church
,
which
his
Brother
and
other
Kings
had
given
to
it
;
together
with
all
the
mony
he
could
find
in
the
Monastery
;
and
hiring
Souldiers
therewith
against
the
then
wasting
the
Country
about
he
was
vanquished
and
put
to
slight
by
the
Pa●ans
holding
a
great
Council
at
with
the
Prelates
and
Nobles
of
his
whole
Realm
of
there
assembled
Historians
.
)
Abbot
Siward
Croy
land
complained
before
them
all
of
certain
injuries
malitiously
do●e
unto
them
by
their
Adversaries
,
who
lying
in
wat
in
the
uttermost
banks
of
their
Rivers
,
did
seise
upon
their
servants
(
being
such
as
fled
thither
for
Sanctuary
)
in
case
at
any
time
they
went
out
of
their
precincts
never
so
little
way
(
either
to
fish
,
or
bring
back
their
stragling
Sheep
,
Oxen
,
or
other
Cattle
)
as
infringers
of
their
Sanctuary
,
and
subjected
them
to
the
publick
Laws
,
to
their
condemnation
and
destruction
;
to
the
great
dammage
of
the
Abbey
,
by
the
loss
of
their
service
complaint
,
the
King
and
all
the
Council
being
very
sensible
,
and
desirous
to
provide
for
the
peace
and
quiet
of
the
Abbey
,
and
enlarge
their
Privileges
Officers
in
go
round
about
,
describe
and
set
forth
the
bounds
of
their
Isle
of
and
of
the
Marishes
thereunto
belonging
,
and
faithfully
and
clearly
to
demonstrate
them
to
him
and
his
Council
,
wherever
they
should
be
,
the
last
day
of
next
ensuing
openly
presented
an
exact
description
of
their
Boundaries
to
the
King
and
his
Council
,
Ingulphus
,
)
keeping
their
Regni
negotiis
congregati
;
In
Recompensationem
tamen
aliquam
pecuniae
direptae
;
to
make
some
kind
of
Recompence
of
the
Mony
he
had
formerly
taken
from
the
Abbey
,
by
the
Common
Council
of
his
whole
Realm
,
he
took
it
away
by
for●…
:
That
the
bounds
of
their
Sanctuary
and
liberties
should
extend
20
foot
in
breadth
beyond
the
farthest
banks
of
their
grounds
compassing
their
Iland
;
And
20
foot
from
the
water
it self
;
where
ever
their
fugitive
servants
should
ascend
,
to
draw
their
nets
,
or
do
their
other
necessary
businesses
;
and
that
this
Sanctuary
for
fugitives
should
extend
to
all
the
Marishes
where
they
had
Common
for
their
Cattle
;
and
that
if
their
Cattel
through
tempest
,
theft
,
or
other
misfortune
,
strayed
beyond
these
limits
into
the
fields
adjoyning
,
their
fugitive
servants
might
pursue
and
fetch
them
back
thence
,
without
any
seisure
or
danger
After
which
,
he
confirmed
all
the
Lands
and
privileges
formerly
granted
to
this
Abbey
,
by
Kings
,
Earls
,
or
other
persons
,
which
was
made
&
granted
by
the
common
consent
,
sent
and
advice
of
this
whole
Parl.
Council
,
&
of
the
Bishops
and
Nobles
of
the
Realm
,
Bishops
,
3
Abbots
,
2
Dukes
,
3
Earls
,
West-Saxons
,
subscribed
and
ratified
this
Charter
,
affixing
the
sign
of
the
Cross
,
and
their
names
thereto
,
Parliamentary
Council
Monkish
miracle
order
of
the
proceedings
in
this
Council
,
in
this
Council
&
cum
regni
negotia
proponerentur
Canterbury
,
who
was
vexed
with
this
disease
,
That
Divine
businesses
ought
first
of
all
to
be
proposed
,
and
so
humane
business
,
through
the
suffrage
of
Christs
grace
,
might
obtain
a
prosperous
end
.
All
assenting
thereunto
,
when
Lord
then
Abbot
of
was
inquired
for
;
because
in
Councils
and
Synods
for
his
great
eloquence
and
holy
Religion
,
he
had
been
,
as
it
were
,
a
divine
interpreter
for
many
years
,
and
the
most
gratious
Expositor
and
Promotor
of
innumerable
businesses
of
the
whole
Clergy
;
who
by
reason
of
his
great
old
age
,
was
not
present
;
but
by
Frier
his
fellow
Monk
,
he
excused
his
absence
with
a
most
humble
Letter
,
by
the
burden
of
his
long
old
age
;
King
himself
remembring
the
former
complaint
of
the
Church
of
When
as
therefore
this
business
was
in
agitation
amongst
them
,
and
the
Petition
of
the
Lord
Abb●t
Siward
concerning
the
same
,
delivered
by
the
foresaid
Frier
that
he
was
healed
of
his
disease
,
and
perfectly
recovered
by
the
merits
of
the
most
holy
Confessor
of
Christ
,
most
blessed
likewise
many
other
most
potent
men
in
the
said
Council
cryed
out
,
that
they
had
been
sick
of
that
disease
,
but
now
by
Gods
Grace
,
and
the
merits
of
most
holy
they
felt
no
pain
in
any
of
their
Members
,
through
the
said
malady
:
And
all
of
them
presently
bound
their
Consciences
with
a
most
strict
vow
,
to
visit
the
most
sacred
Tomb
of
most
holy
with
devout
pilgrimage
,
so
soon
as
they
could
.
that
he
was
healed
)
to
take
the
Privileges
of
into
his
hands
,
and
that
he
should
insist
to
honour
his
Physicitian
S.
with
his
hand
writing
as
the
Council
should
ordain
;
which
also
was
done
Kings
Charter
Canterbury
,
Coolnoth
whole
and
sound
the
Lords
Miracles
.
Alstan
the
successes
of
the
Church
a
Servant
to
St.
so
long
as
he
lived
And
all
the
Nobles
of
the
Council
,
with
a
most
ardent
affection
,
yeelded
obedience
to
the
Kings
benevolent
affection
towards
St.
In
all
things
the
tenth
part
of
his
Realm
to
God
and
his
Saints
,
free
from
all
secular
services
,
exactions
and
Tributes
,
by
this
Charter
,
made
and
confirmed
,
by
the
advice
and
free
assent
of
all
the
Bishops
and
Nobles
throughout
the
Realm
then
assembled
in
a
Great
Council
,
expeditione
,
et
pontis
constructione
,
arcis
munitione
,
Merciae
,
&
after
sent
it
into
all
their
Diocesses
to
be
published
:
That
on
every
in
every
Church
,
all
the
Friers
and
Nuns
should
sing
50
Psalms
,
and
every
Priest
2
Masses
;
one
for
the
King
,
and
an
other
for
his
Captains
.
the
invading
plundering
Danes
Abbington
Abbey
with
their
signs
of
the
Cross
,
he
caused
him
to
be
crowned
King
by
the
Pope
,
Sherburne
,
Eandulfe
Somerset
,
and
certain
other
Nobles
making
a
Conspiracie
concluded
,
he
should
never
be
received
into
the
Kingdom
,
upon
his
return
from
for
two
Causes
:
One
,
for
that
he
had
caused
his
youngest
son
to
be
crowned
King
as
excluding
thereby
,
as
it
were
,
his
eldest
Son
,
and
others
from
the
Right
of
the
Kingdom
.
for
that
contemning
all
the
women
of
had
married
th●
Daughter
of
the
King
of
an
alien
et
contra
morem
et
Statuta
Regum
West-Saxonum
,
●nd
against
the
use
and
Statutes
of
the
Kings
of
the
West-Saxons
,
called
(
the
King
of
his
Daughter
,
whom
he
lately
●spoused
)
and
caused
her
to
sit
by
his
side
at
the
Table
,
as
he
easted
;
For
the
permitted
not
the
Kings
Wife
to
sit
by
the
King
at
the
Table
,
Kings
Wife
Offa
,
Queen
of
the
same
Nat●on
,
was
wont
to
accuse
all
the
Nobles
of
the
Realm
to
him
,
who
thereupon
deprived
them
of
life
or
banished
them
the
Realm
,
&
whom
she
c●uld
not
accuse
,
she
used
to
kill
w●th
poison
:
for
this
mis-doing
of
the
Queen
they
all
conjured
and
swore
,
that
they
would
never
permit
a
King
to
reign
over
them
who
should
be
guilty
in
the
premises
:
attempted
to
bring
their
conceived
wickedness
to
effect
,
in
excluding
him
from
his
own
Realm
and
Crown
.
for
lest
peradventure
a
more
than
civil
war
should
arise
between
the
Father
and
the
Son
,
the
Conspiracie
of
all
the
Bishops
and
Nobles
ceased
,
Clemency
,
who
divided
the
Kingdom
of
the
(
formerly
undivided
East
pa●t
of
the
Realm
should
go
to
his
Son
and
the
West-part
remain
to
the
Father
.
tota
Regni
Nobiliras
,
all
the
Nobility
of
the
Realm
,
and
the
whole
Nation
of
the
would
have
fought
for
the
King
,
thrust
his
Son
from
the
right
of
the
Kingdom
,
〈…〉
him
and
●is
Complices
out
of
the
Realm
,
Facinus
,
et
inauditum
omnibus
saeculis
ante
infortunium
)
if
the
Father
would
have
permitted
them
to
do
satisfied
his
Sons
desire
;
so
that
where
the
Father
ought
to
have
reigned
by
the
just
judgement
of
God
,
there
the
obstinate
and
wicked
Son
reigned
.
he
was
made
King
by
the
Prelates
.
Nobles
,
cum
non
esset
alius
de
Regio
genere
qui
regnare
debuisset
;
because
there
was
none
other
of
the
Royal
Race
who
ought
to
reign
:
by
his
will
give
the
kingdom
of
Sussex
and
Essex
Money
to
his
Daughter
,
Kindred
,
Nobles
,
and
a
constant
annuity
for
ever
,
for
meat
,
drink
,
and
cloths
to
one
poor
man
or
pilgrim
out
of
every
10
Hides
of
his
Land
,
&
300
marks
of
mony
to
be
sent
yearly
to
to
be
spent
there
in
Oyl
for
Lamps
,
&
Almes
:
do
penance
in
Bonds
Bruern
Bocard
Sea-coasts
,
to
defend
it
&
the
Ports
against
Theeves
and
Pirates
,
as
he
was
accustomed
he
would
speak
with
her
in
private
that
he
would
not
love
her
the
lesse
for
it
,
since
her
weakness
was
unable
to
resist
the
Kings
power
speedily
to
avenge
himself
&
her
of
the
King
,
for
this
indignity
.
he
would
by
all
means
be
avenged
thereof
defying
the
King
,
resigned
up
to
him
his
Homage
,
Fealty
,
Lands
,
and
what
ever
he
held
of
him
,
that
he
would
never
hold
any
thing
of
him
hereafter
as
of
his
Lord
:
of
the
Indignity
done
by
King
to
him
and
his
Lady
speedily
to
revenge
it
,
he
being
extracted
out
of
his
Royal
blood
.
to
revenge
this
Injury
done
to
Bruern
,
their
Generals
Nothern
parts
refusing
to
hold
their
Lands
of
,
or
to
obey
him
any
longer
as
their
Soveraign
,
though
none
of
the
Royal
bloud
.
York
,
wasting
all
the
Country
before
them
with
fire
and
Sword
unto
that
time
by
the
Devilsinstinct
,
there
was
a
very
great
discord
raised
between
the
Northumberlanders
,
expelled
their
lawfull
King
out
of
the
Realm
,
and
advanced
one
a
Tyrant
,
not
of
the
Royal
bloud
,
to
the
Regal
Soveraignty
of
the
Kingdom
:
By
reason
of
which
division
,
the
ran
up
and
down
the
Country
filling
all
places
with
bloud
and
Grief
,
wasting
and
burning
all
the
Churches
and
Monasteries
far
and
near
,
leaving
nothing
standing
but
the
Walls
and
ruines
of
them
;
pillaging
,
depopulating
,
and
laying
waste
the
whole
Country
.
reconciling
their
two
Kings
one
to
another
,
gathered
a
great
Army
together
against
the
which
their
two
Kings
and
eight
Earls
marched
with
to
both
the
said
Kings
with
most
of
the
were
all
stain
The
City
of
consumea
with
fire
,
and
the
whole
Kingdom
made
tributarie
to
the
Simeon
Dunelmensis
violently
&
sacrilegiously
taken
away
certain
Lands
from
S.
Church
in
had
by
a
sacrilegious
attempt
Northumberland
,
as
a
Tributary
and
Viceroy
under
them
:
Sic
Northumbria
bellieo
jure
obtenta
barbaro
rum
dominium
multo
post
tempore
pro
conscientiâ
libertatis
Ingemuit
,
writes
l.
2.
c.
3.
p.
the
Realm
by
unanimous
consent
,
together
with
making
one
King
in
his
Place
more
than
any
other
parts
of
the
Iland
,
by
a
just
divine
punishment
for
their
manifold
Mercians
,
omnesque
esusdem
gentis
Optimates
,
and
all
the
Nobles
of
that
Nation
assembled
together
,
held
a
Council
with
his
Earls
and
fellow
Souldiers
,
and
all
the
people
subject
to
him
,
how
he
might
vanquish
these
Enemies
with
military
power
,
or
drive
them
out
of
the
Realm
:
that
they
would
assist
and
joyn
with
him
against
the
Army
;
which
they
easily
condescening
to
,
they
concluded
a
Peace
at
last
with
the
upon
condition
,
that
they
should
relinquish
the
Town
,
and
march
back
again
into
causâ
suae
nobilis
militiae
Lands
,
Advowsons
,
Possessions
Abby
of
Croyland
Ilands
,
Marishes
,
Churohes
,
Chapels
,
Mannors
,
Mansions
,
Cottages
,
Woods
,
Lands
,
Meadows
,
to
God
and
Saint
for
ever
Theodoro
Abbati
Croyland
subscriptions
and
confirmations
Canterbury
,
5
Bishops
,
3
Abbots
,
Ethelred
East-Angle
,
2
Dukes
Beorred
renders
special
thanks
to
all
his
Army
,
Danes
,
especially
to
the
Bishops
,
Abbots
,
and
other
inferior
Ecclesiastical
Persons
,
for
their
voluntary
assistance
of
him
in
those
wars
against
these
Enemies
,
exemption
of
them
by
his
Charter
from
all
military
expeditions
and
secular
services
:
military
expeditions
,
Contributions
Mat.
West
saevitiam
exacuit
;
Ipse
ex
out
of
the
Kings
Exchequer
very
Armie
Earl
Algarus
,
Osgot
Lincoln
,
and
all
the
Gentry
and
People
Abby
of
Croyland
stout
men
through
fear
being
most
ready
to
die
for
the
defence
of
the
faith
of
Christ
and
of
their
Country
:
Abby
of
Croyland
after
they
had
extremely
tortured
them
to
discover
where
their
Treasures
were
Bradney
,
Peterborough
,
Huntingdon
,
Ely
,
cut
off
their
upper
Lips
,
and
Noses
,
to
deform
themselves
to
their
lascivious
eyes
Cruelty
,
they
burning
them
and
their
Nunnery
to
Ashes
.
chosen
King
of
the
East-Saxons
by
all
the
Nobles
and
People
of
that
Realm
judgement
of
the
Knights
and
Lawyers
banished
the
Realm
,
and
put
alone
into
Boat
,
without
Oare
or
Sails
for
murthering
him
,
and
so
sent
to
Sea
;
being
driven
in
it
into
to
excuse
himself
,
he
maliciouslie
accused
the
King
of
this
Murther
,
to
these
his
Sons
;
Who
thereupon
invaded
with
an
Army
to
revenge
their
Fathers
death
.
the
Civil
Discords
,
Wars
,
and
Emulations
amongst
the
Northanimbri
jamdudum
adventante
hoste
correxerunt
discordiam
.
Itaque
the
half
of
his
Treasure
and
Wealth
,
and
that
he
should
hold
his
Realm
under
him
;
threatning
otherwise
to
waste
his
Kingdom
and
extirpate
him
and
his
People
.
caput
potius
quam
pecunias
sitiebat
Matthew
Westminster
to
fly
from
the
to
save
his
life
Would
to
God
that
I
might
preserve
the
lives
of
my
Subjects
,
for
whom
I
desire
to
lay
down
my
life
;
for
this
is
my
chiefest
wish
,
that
I
may
not
survive
my
faithfull
Subjects
,
and
most
dear
friends
,
which
this
Cruel
Pirate
hath
the
evishly
slain
;
neither
will
I
stain
my
glory
by
fl●ght
,
who
never
yet
sustained
the
reproaches
of
Wa●re
.
The
Heavenly
King
also
is
my
Witness
,
that
no
fear
of
the
Barbarians
shall
separate
me
from
the
Love
of
Christ
,
whether
living
or
dead
.
Thou
art
worthy
to
suffer
the
punishment
of
death
,
being
wet
with
the
blood
of
my
people
;
But
imitating
the
example
of
my
Christ
,
If
it
should
so
happen
,
I
am
not
afraid
willingly
to
die
for
them
Although
thou
takest
away
my
Treasures
and
riches
which
the
Divine
Clemency
hath
given
me
,
by
thy
power
;
yet
thou
shalt
never
subject
me
to
thy
infidelity
:
for
it
is
an
honest
thing
to
defend
perpetual
liberty
,
for
w●…
also
,
if
there
be
need
,
we
think
it
not
unprofitable
to
die
:
Therfore
,
as
thy
proud
cruelty
hath
begun
,
after
the
servants
slaughter
cut
thou
the
Kings
throat
;
because
the
King
of
Kings
seeing
these
things
,
will
translate
me
into
Heaven
,
there
to
reign
eternally
.
it
was
a
worrhy
thing
to
fight
both
for
their
Faith
and
Country
And
being
incouraged
the
place
being
all
dyed
red
with
the
blood
of
the
slain
.
the
great
slaughter
of
his
own
Souldiers
fighting
for
their
Country
&
native
liberty
,
&
the
faith
of
Jesus
Christ
,
&
so
already
Crouned
with
Martyrdome
:
never
to
sight
battel
w●th
the
Enemies
more
it
was
necessary
that
he
alone
should
die
for
the
People
,
and
not
the
whole
Nation
perish
.
humbly
prayed
the
Father
,
Son
,
and
Holy
Ghost
to
give
him
constancy
in
his
passion
:
and
so
he
died
a
most
glorious
Martyr
for
his
Kingdom
,
Country
,
Subjects
,
and
Religion
:
William
of
Malmesbury
de
Gestis
Regum
,
l.
2.
c.
13.
p.
King
Edmund
he
applyed
the
whole
Isle
of
Ely
to
his
Exchequor
,
taking
into
his
hands
all
the
lands
formerly
belonging
to
the
Monastery
of
lying
between
assigning
the
Lands
more
remote
,
lying
scattered
through
the
Country
,
to
his
Souldiers
.
The
like
he
did
with
the
Lands
of
the
Monastery
of
St.
retaining
certain
of
them
to
himself
,
and
giving
some
of
them
to
his
Souldiers
.
And
the
like
did
he
with
the
Lands
of
all
other
Monasteries
,
destroyed
totally
by
the
necatis
,
perditis
,
seu
penitus
fugatis
,
enjoyed
the
sight
of
the
whole
Abby
,
and
the
Isle
of
with
the
self
same
Liberties
and
Privileges
they
had
from
the
beginning
,
aischardged
from
all
secular
services
,
during
all
the
time
of
this
their
desolation
,
&
the
wars
,
till
the
time
of
its
restoration
Notwithstanding
,
because
many
of
the
Monks
were
slain
,
and
the
Abby
burnt
down
&
demolished
by
the
King
Reorred
thereupon
seised
some
of
their
lands
into
his
own
hands
,
&
gave
other
of
their
Lands
more
remote
from
the
Abby
to
his
stipendiary
Soldiers
.
And
although
venerable
Abbot
took
very
much
paines
,
frequently
demanding
restitution
of
them
both
from
King
&
his
Souldiers
,
and
very
often
shewed
the
Charters
of
the
Donors
,
&
the
confirmations
of
former
Kings
,
together
with
,
his
own
proper
Charter
,
to
this
Kings
,
yet
he
received
always
nothing
but
empty
words
,
from
&
him
them
:
whereupon
he
at
last
utterly
despaired
of
their
restitution
.
Perceiving
therefore
the
overmuch
malice
of
the
times
,
and
the
Kings
Militia
,
and
Soldiers
most
covetous
of
Lands
,
he
resolved
with
himself
in
conclusion
to
passe
by
these
Royal
Donations
in
a
deaf
time
;
being
over-glad
&
rejoycing
,
that
the
Kings
grace
had
granted
the
whole
Island
lying
round
about
the
Monastery
unto
it
,
free
and
discharged
from
all
Regal
exactions
,
much
more
specially
to
him
then
at
that
time
,
which
had
not
happened
to
many
othe●
Monasteries
.
There
departed
therefore
at
that
time
from
the
Monastery
of
these
possessions
which
never
returned
to
this
present
day
:
The
Mannor
of
given
to
Earl
with
all
its
appurtinances
:
The
Mannor
of
given
to
a
Knight
,
(
or
Souldier
)
and
the
Kings
Baker
,
with
all
its
appurtenances
;
The
Mannor
of
given
to
a
Knight
(
or
Souldier
)
the
Kings
Ensign-bearer
,
with
all
its
appurtenances
;
The
Mannors
of
with
all
their
appurtenances
,
given
to
Earl
then
appropriated
to
the
Exchequer
,
were
afterwards
restored
to
the
said
Monastory
by
the
Industry
of
Abbot
of
and
the
gift
of
most
pious
King
the
Restorer
of
them
with
12
other
Mannors
Ingulf
.
)
belonging
to
Which
King
had
then
assumed
in
his
Exehequor
.
Lindesey
,
Latissimas
Terras
Monisterio
(
totally
ruined
by
the
wasting
and
spoiling
all
the
Country
with
fire
and
sword
,
and
destroying
all
Churches
and
Monasteries
,
when
he
beheld
all
the
Land
in
every
corner
thereof
,
wasted
with
the
slaughters
and
rapines
of
these
Barbarians
,
either
despairing
of
victory
,
or
loathing
the
labyrinth
of
so
many
troubles
,
left
the
Kingdom
,
and
went
to
where
he
died
few
days
after
,
and
was
there
buried
in
the
School
,
and
his
Wife
following
after
him
,
died
in
her
way
to
he
was
driven
out
of
his
kingdom
by
the
For
he
swore
fealty
,
and
gave
pledges
to
the
that
he
would
faithfully
pay
unto
them
the
Tributes
they
imposed
,
and
that
whensoever
they
would
redemand
the
Kingdom
committed
to
him
,
He
would
resign
it
without
any
Resistance
,
under
pain
of
losing
his
Head
.
going
round
about
the
Land
plucked
off
the
Skins
of
the
few
Countrymen
that
were
left
;
swallowed
up
the
Merchants
,
oppressed
the
Widows
and
Orphans
,
and
afflicted
all
Religious
Persons
,
as
conscious
of
hidden
Treasures
,
with
innumerable
torments
:
whence
amongst
very
many
evils
he
did
,
almost
undid
the
Monastery
of
Abbot
Godric
(
after
all
his
Rapines
and
Oppressions
of
the
People
by
unjust
Taxes
and
imposts
)
William
of
Malmesbury
miserably
wasted
and
destroyed
the
Churches
of
God
in
those
parts
,
for
which
the
wrath
of
God
suddenly
f●●ll
upon
who
was
not
only
struck
with
madnesse
of
mind
,
but
with
such
a
most
loathsome
disease
in
his
body
,
which
much
tormented
him
,
that
the
intollerable
stink
thereof
made
him
so
odious
&
loathsome
to
his
whole
Army
,
that
being
contemned
and
cast
out
by
them
all
,
he
fled
away
from
only
with
three
Ships
,
and
soon
after
perished
with
all
his
Plundering
,
Sacrilegious
Followers
first
anointed
king
common
consent
of
his
Wise
men
,
commanded
long
Ships
and
Gallies
to
be
built
,
throughout
the
Realm
,
and
furnished
with
Mariners
,
to
guard
the
Se
as
and
encounter
the
Ships
and
Pirates
,
which
then
infested
and
wasted
the
Realm
,
from
time
to
time
:
received
their
Homages
and
Oaths
of
Fealty
to
him
,
special
Guardians
to
guard
the
Seas
and
Sea-costs
in
all
places
;
Whereby
he
very
much
freed
the
Land
from
the
(
even
in
the
midst
of
his
wars
,
when
Laws
use
to
be
silent
)
he
compiled
a
body
of
Ecclesiastical
and
Canon
Laws
out
of
the
sacred
Scriptures
,
and
the
Laws
which
his
pious
predecessors
,
had
religiously
made
and
observed
;
antiquating
some
of
them
,
retaining
,
reforming
others
of
them
,
and
adding
some
new
Laws
of
his
own
,
by
the
the
observation
of
which
Laws
was
enjoyned
Wherein
certain
fines
and
penalties
were
prescribed
for
most
particular
offences
,
which
might
not
be
altered
or
exceeded
:
other
Laws
Andrew
Horn
That
a
Parliament
twice
every
year
,
and
oftner
in
time
of
Peace
,
should
be
called
together
at
that
therein
they
might
make
Laws
and
Ordinances
to
keep
the
People
of
God
from
sin
,
that
they
might
live
in
peace
,
and
receive
right
and
Justice
by
certain
customs
and
Holy
Judgements
And
it
was
then
agreed
,
that
the
King
should
have
the
Soveraignty
of
all
the
Land
Matthew
Westminster
That
he
spent
a
great
part
of
his
time
as
he
frequently
examined
the
Judgements
and
Proceedings
of
his
Judges
and
Justices
,
severely
checking
them
when
they
gave
any
illegal
Judgement
against
Law
and
Right
,
meerly
out
of
Ignorance
,
of
which
they
were
to
purge
themselves
by
Oath
,
that
they
could
judge
no
better
:
so
he
severely
punished
them
when
they
thus
offended
out
of
Corruption
,
Partiality
and
Malice
.
Andrew
Horn
Mirrour
of
Justices
That
he
hanged
up
no
less
than
44
of
his
Judges
and
Justices
in
one
year
,
Murtherers
and
Capital
Offenders
,
princicipally
,
for
their
false
Judgements
,
in
condemning
and
executing
sundry
of
his
people
against
Law
,
without
any
lawfull
tryal
by
their
Peeres
,
or
Verdict
and
Iudgement
by
a
sworn
Iury
;
or
upon
in
sufficient
evidence
,
or
for
Crimes
not
Capital
by
the
Laws
.
several
offerces
Courts
of
high
Iustice
Just
Kings
reign
Murtherers
and
Capital
Malefactors
Great
Charters
King
Henry
the
hundreds
of
subsequent
Statutes
Petition
of
Right
That
the
Apostles
&
elders
assembled
in
a
Synod
at
in
their
Epistle
to
the
Churches
of
the
Gentiles
,
to
abstain
from
things
offered
unto
Idols
;
added
this
Summary
of
all
Laws
:
from
which
one
precept
it
sufficiently
appeareth
,
that
right
or
Law
is
of
Justice
to
be
rendred
to
every
one
;
neither
will
there
be
need
of
any
other
Law
or
Law-book
whatsoever
,
if
he
who
sits
Judge
upon
others
,
shall
only
remember
this
,
But
when
the
Gospel
was
propagated
,
many
Nations
,
and
amongst
them
the
embraced
the
faith
of
Gods
word
,
there
were
then
held
Eugland
:
and
these
being
throughly
instructed
by
Gods
mercy
,
did
now
first
of
all
,
and
without
any
Divine
Offence
,
delegated
the
Office
of
exacting
it
to
leave
being
first
granted
because
they
thought
just
,
that
such
a
man
was
not
at
all
to
be
spared
;
both
because
God
would
have
Contemners
of
him
unworthy
of
all
mercy
,
and
likewise
because
Christ
did
not
at
all
compassionate
them
who
put
him
to
death
,
but
appointed
the
King
to
be
honoured
above
all
others
:
These
therefore
in
many
Councils
▪
singu●…m
scelerum
paenas
constituerum
,
ordained
the
punishments
of
every
kind
of
offences
,
and
comm●t●ed
them
to
writing
.
Beda
,
Malmesbury
,
Huntindon
De
morte
Regis
tractet
▪
vitae
suae
reus
fit
,
et
omnium
quae
habebit
;
and
if
any
fought
or
drew
any
weapon
in
the
Kings
house
,
and
was
apprehended
,
armed
violence
and
disturbances
by
fighting
,
ad
Witam
W●●ae
,
id
est
foris
factu●ae
.
Alfred
,
Gythro
Alfred
(
being
so
distressed
that
he
knew
not
what
to
do
,
nor
whither
to
turn
himself
)
to
make
peace
with
him
upon
this
Condition
;
ut
Regni
et
Regis
infestationem
perpetuo
abjurarent
;
That
they
should
perpetually
abjure
the
infesting
of
the
King
and
Realm
,
and
that
they
should
turn
Christians
:
choicest
men
Githro
Eastengland
to
be
held
of
and
under
him
:
Danes
An.
Common
consent
of
their
Great
Councils
and
wise
men
,
and
enacted
certain
civil
and
Ecclesiastical
Laws
,
for
the
government
of
their
People
and
Realms
,
Bromton
,
Lambert
first
Laws
secundum
quod
factum
sit
Nobilitas innata tibi , probitatis Honorem Armipotens Alurede dedit , Probitasque laborem ; Perpetuumque Labor nomen ; cui mixta dolori Gandia semper erant , spes semper mixta timori ; Si modò victus erat , ad crastina bella parabat : Si modò victor , erat , ad crastina bella pavebat , Cui vestes s●dore jugi , cui sica cruore Tincta jugi , quantum sit onus regnare probarunt ▪ Non fuit immensi quisquam per climata mundi Cui tot in adversis vel respirare liceret . Nec tamen aut ferro contritus ponere Ferrum Aut Gladio potuit vitae fiuisse Labores . Iam post transactos Regni vitaeque Labores Christus ei fit vera quies sceptrumque perenne .
these
things
are
remarkable
in
him
.
1.
That
he
most
exactly
and
justly
governed
his
people
by
and
according
to
his
and
his
Predecessors
known
Laws
,
in
the
midst
of
all
his
Wars
Schools
of
Learning
,
and
the
famous
University
of
founded
,
or
at
least
refounded
when
decayed
,
Monasteries
of
his
own
with
ample
riches
and
possessions
Durham
,
Worcester
Churchels
to
their
Priests
and
Ministers
,
with
all
other
Duites
and
Oblations
belongiug
to
the
Church
for
the
maintenance
of
the
Ministers
and
Gods
worship
:
maintenance
of
the
School
at
prohibiting
all
men
to
invade
the
Churches
Rights
and
Possessions
under
severe
penal●ies
.
The
first
The
second
The
third
The
other
(
as
his
Life-guard
unjust
●xactions
or
Contributions
fréed
from
all
Taxes
and
Tributes
publick
Tax
pell
the
Enemies
,
whereby
the
Common
people
were
so
incouraged
,
and
became
such
good
Souldiers
,
that
if
they
heard
of
the
Enemies
approach
,
they
would
fight
and
rout
them
,
Mat
,
Westm
assigned
wages
submitted
themselves
unto
him
,
elected
him
for
their
King
and
Patron
,
and
swore
homage
and
fealty
to
him
Scotland
,
Northumberland
Senators
of
the
English
Nation
a
great
Council
of
Bishops
,
Abbots
,
and
faithfull
people
Matthew
Westminster
in
the
Province
of
the
which
by
reason
of
the
Enemies
incursions
had
been
destitute
of
a
Bishop
for
7
years
space
.
Whereupon
the
King
and
Bishops
in
this
Council
,
taking
good
advice
,
made
this
a
holsom
constitution
;
That
instead
of
2
Bishops
,
whereof
one
had
his
Sea
at
the
other
at
Bishops
should
be
created
Whereupon
they
in
this
Council
elected
5
Bishops
;
to
wit
assigning
them
their
several
Sees
and
Diocess
two
other
Bishops
for
all
consecrated
by
in
one
day
.
Wil.
of
Malmesb.
that
this
Council
was
summoned
upon
the
Letter
of
who
excommunicated
with
all
his
Subjects
,
for
suffering
the
Bishopricks
of
to
be
void
for
7
years
space
together
:
Pope
●ormosus
Henry
Spelman
Northumberland
▪
the
Civil
and
Ecclesiastical
Laws
formerly
made
and
ratified
by
his
Father
King
Northumberland
,
against
the
perfidious
and
rebellious
slain
and
taken
many
of
them
Prisoners
,
and
miserably
wasted
their
Country
for
4
days
space
,
for
breaking
their
former
Agreement
with
him
:
after
his
Sister
and
swear
,
that
they
would
submit
to
her
and
her
Brothers
pleasure
in
all
things
Danes
,
Scotch
his
Nation
,
Stredded
his
people
Reginald
King
of
the
with
all
the
comming
to
King
submitted
themselves
unto
him
,
elected
him
for
their
Father
and
Lord
,
and
made
a
firm
Covenant
with
him
,
Reginaldus
▪
Abbot
Ethelred
Dominion
of
all
who
held
that
Kingdom
after
her
Mother
,
Henry
Huntingdon
mandat
et
praecipit
omnibus
Praefectis
Et
in
judicia●t
Libro
stant
Wtse
men
assembled
in
a
Parliamentary
Council
at
Exeter
prima
vice
Saxon
Coppy
Volo
ut
omnis
Praepositus
habeat
(
designed
by
his
Fathers
Will
to
succeed
was
illegitimate
and
born
of
a
Concubine
,
whom
the
Generality
of
the
Nobles
rejected
,
for
this
barbarous
bloudy
fact
he
did
seven
years
voluntary
penance
for
this
his
fratricide
,
his
Cup-bearer
to
a
cruel
death
,
who
gave
him
this
ill
advice
Wales
,
Constantine
Scots
,
Anlafe
That
it
was
more
honour
to
make
a
King
,
than
to
be
a
King
:
that
it
was
truly
reported
of
him
amongst
the
English
,
That
no
king
governed
the
Commonweal●h
more
legally
or
learnedly
than
he
,
a
man
of
great
integrity
,
honesty
and
piety
,
of
pro●●und
judgement
whose
decrees
upon
debate
were
irrefrag●ble
.
Bromt.
Lamb.
Council
of
Grately
Cante
b●ry
Bishops
,
and
all
the
Nobles
and
Wisemen
which
King
could
assemble
who
all
ordained
and
confirmed
these
Laws
in
this
great
Coun●il
,
evoca●●
frequentissimi
Archbishops
,
Bishops
,
and
other
Clergy
men
were
the
chief
advisers
of
the
Ecclesiastical
L●ws
,
made
in
this
Council
,
all
enacted
and
confirmed
by
all
the
Nobles
and
Wisemen
in
the
Council
,
by
his
Laws
,
all
his
Officers
,
that
they
should
demand
and
exact
from
his
Subjects
such
things
and
duties
only
as
they
might
justly
and
lawfully
receive
,
ascertains
all
sines
,
amerciaments
,
imprisonments
,
and
corporal
punishments
for
criminal
o●fences
,
from
which
the
Judges
might
not
vary
.
what
Armes
every
man
should
find
in
those
times
of
war
,
against
the
Danes
and
other
Enemies
Council
at
Grately
Exeter
,
Fevresham
his
Wisemen
,
by
common
consent
,
confirmed
the
Laws
made
at
altering
some
of
them
in
certain
particulars
,
and
adding
some
new
Laws
unto
them
,
Fevresham
▪
a
Complaint
●o
the
King
in
the
Council
at
that
the
Peace
and
Laws
made
at
were
not
so
well
kept
as
they
should
be
;
and
that
The●ves
and
Malefactors
abounded
Council
of
Fevresham
propounded
some
things
for
the
weal
and
peace
of
the
Country
,
together
with
his
pardon
for
fore-past
offences
;
which
they
upon
debate
assenting
to
,
and
drawing
up
into
sundry
heads
,
returned
to
the
King
for
his
Royal
assent
,
Gratulatory
Prologue
great
Councils
Kent
,
&
omnis
Kentescire
,
Thayni
,
Comites
,
&
Villani
,
Parliamentary
Council
suppression
&
punishment
of
Theeves
and
keeping
of
the
peace
,
the
Justices
,
Commissioners
,
and
others
appointed
to
keep
the
peace
,
and
to
take
sureties
of
all
men
to
the
keeping
thereof
,
Kings
Council
,
to
enlarge
or
alter
,
as
he
should
see
cause
over-severe
,
in
putting
to
dea
h
above
12
years
of
Age
,
for
12d
.
value
,
(
h
et
quartâ
vice
apud
Item
quod
dixit
nunc
iterum
apud
but
by
the
Kings
Royal
Assent
thereto
,
Henry
de
Knyghton
,
de
Eventibus
Angliae
Denmark
,
Golanus
Winchester
,
to
advice
with
them
,
how
they
might
resist
the
Enemies
and
fight
with
them
in
Battel
Realm
of
should
be
held
of
the
King
of
under
a
Tribute
forfeit
and
disclaim
the
Realm
of
for
him
and
his
Heirs
for
ever
,
and
no
King
of
should
afterwards
lay
claim
to
the
Realm
of
nor
yet
molest
it
and
his
Nobles
were
very
much
troubled
.
Guy
of
Warwick
cut
off
one
of
his
hands
,
and
after
that
his
head
.
Edmund
Ironside
William
of
Malmesbury
intended
to
have
seized
on
him
at
and
put
out
his
eyes
Pope
Iohn
the
10th
fell
suddainly
down
dead
to
the
Earth
,
advise
what
he
should
do
with
him
,
and
whether
he
should
allow
him
burial
with
other
Christian
Corps
?
the
Nobles
adjudged
all
his
Lands
and
Possessions
great
and
small
,
to
the
King
their
consent
,
granted
and
confirmed
them
all
to
the
Abby
Treachery
,
perjury
and
death
of
with
his
Condescention
to
his
Nobles
and
friends
request
aforesaid
,
his
Peers
in
a
Parliamentary
Council
,
Monasteries
he
built
and
repaired
throughout
the
Realm
he
restored
to
St.
Assent
of
his
Bishops
and
Nobles
)
Nunnery
there
Marginal
Authors
that
this
King
consulted
with
an
assembly
of
his
Nobles
about
his
Sisters
Marriage
to
the
King
of
being
Content
only
with
his
own
Lands
and
Wages
:
That
all
his
Decrees
were
so
just
and
legal
,
that
they
remained
irrevocable
,
when
once
made
:
That
he
was
a
great
Souldier
,
and
fought
most
valiantly
against
the
and
often
gloried
and
said
He
esteeming
the
slaughter
of
such
●agan
Enemies
in
defence
ef
his
Country
,
lawfull
,
and
no
murther
nor
maim
.
false
suggestions
of
some
of
his
Souldiers
and
Courtiers
,
Chancellour
,
and
one
of
his
privy
Con●cil
,
yea
ranked
amongst
the
Royal
Pala●ines
and
Princes
of
his
Realm
)
of
all
his
dignities
and
Offices
.
the
perfidious
and
rebellious
Northumberlanders
and
elected
him
for
their
King
.
purposing
to
subjugate
the
Realm
of
to
himself
the
danger
on
both
parts
,
and
the
Destruction
of
the
Realm
,
made
this
Agreement
between
them
;
that
should
quietly
enjoy
the
whole
Northeast
part
of
lying
North
of
all
the
Southern
part
thereof
,
during
their
joynt
Lives
,
and
the
Survivor
of
them
enjoy
the
whole
Realm
after
the
others
decease
:
was
presently
seised
on
by
Gods
avenging
Judgement
,
and
miserably
ended
his
life
.
Hoel
Dha
Wales
,
sent
for
six
Laymen
,
eminent
for
authority
and
knowledge
,
out
of
every
or
hundred
of
his
Realm
,
and
all
the
Archbishops
,
Bishops
,
Abbots
,
&
Priors
of
his
Realm
,
dignified
with
a
Pastoral
staff
;
who
continuing
all
together
,
in
prayer
,
fasting
and
consultation
all
the
Lent
,
did
in
this
make
and
enact
many
Civil
and
Ecclesiastical
Laws
,
which
they
divided
into
3
parts
and
books
,
the
better
Government
of
the
Realm
and
Church
Kings
of
England
petty
Kings
of
were
by
their
very
Natural
and
Royal
Dignities
,
exempted
from
all
personall
Tryals
and
Judgements
against
them
in
any
Courts
of
Justice
,
seeing
they
had
no
Peers
to
be
tryed
by
.
best
Inhabitants
of
that
Realm
,
or
drove
them
out
of
it
.
He
likewise
seized
upon
all
the
Lands
of
St.
and
gave
his
Lands
to
two
of
his
Souldiers
;
one
of
them
called
who
afflicted
the
miserable
Inhabitants
with
Grievous
and
intollerable
Tributes
;
whence
even
unto
this
day
,
the
as
often
at
they
are
compelled
to
pay
A
Royal
Tribute
,
endeavour
to
impose
a
pecuniary
Mulct
on
the
Land
which
this
possessed
,
for
the
easing
of
themselves
.
Simeon
Dunelmensis
the
Bishop
oft
endeavouring
by
perswasion
to
draw
him
to
God
,
and
entreating
him
o
Northumberlanders
Reginald
▪
Lincoln
,
Nottingham
,
Dorby
,
Leicester
,
Pagan
Danes
Cumberland
,
and
pillaged
the
people
of
all
their
goods
:
And
because
the
people
of
that
Country
were
perfidious
and
unaccustomed
to
Laws
,
so
that
he
could
not
totally
subdue
and
civilize
them
,
having
harrowed
it
with
his
Army
,
and
put
out
the
eyes
of
the
two
sons
of
he
gave
the
Country
to
King
of
to
be
held
of
himself
,
upon
this
Condition
,
that
he
should
assist
him
,
and
defend
the
Northern
parts
of
by
Land
and
Sea
from
the
Incursions
of
invading
Enemies
.
Lawes
,
and
ordinances
,
Ecclesiastical
and
Civil
,
for
the
Government
of
his
Realm
Parliamentary
Council
of
the
Clergy
&
Laity
at
London
,
to
consult
and
advise
with
them
in
the
making
of
his
Lawes
.
In
this
Council
there
were
three
parcels
of
Laws
made
;
the
one
,
meerly
Ecclesiastical
;
the
other
,
meerly
Civil
;
the
third
,
mixt
of
bo●h
.
Constitutions
of
Archbishop
were
read
and
ratified
were
against
Murder
,
bloodshed
,
fighting
,
breach
of
Peace
,
Thef●
and
Perjury
:
The
King
gives
God
and
them
thanks
,
for
assisting
him
in
making
these
Laws
,
in
these
words
Parliamentary
Council
of
his
Bishops
and
Wisemen
at
where
they
enacted
7
other
Laws
,
Principally
Oath
of
Allegiance
de
pace
&
Juramento
faciendo
Cap.
1.
Imprimis
Oaths
of
Allegance
Theeves
and
other
Malefactors
the
manner
of
contracting
Marriage
was
then
prescribed
and
setled
by
a
Parliamentary
Council
.
Christ-Church
and
St.
Augustines
in
by
his
Predecessors
,
free
from
all
secular
services
,
except
expedition
and
building
of
Bridge
and
Castle
Laws
and
Privileges
of
St.
consent
of
his
Bishops
and
Nobles
;
So
he
gra●ted
by
his
Charter
large
Liberties
London
)
ratifying
the
Privileges
grant●d
to
the
Monastery
by
King
his
Father
Lands
and
Privileges
tothe
Monastery
of
by
his
Charters
;
quam
King
Edmund
Matthew
Westminster
banished
for
his
theft
thrust
that
Thief
presently
out
of
the
Palace
:
presently
drew
out
his
Knife
;
which
he
carried
secretly
about
him
,
ript
up
the
Kings
bowels
and
slew
him
with
it
rushed
all
upon
the
Thief
,
and
with
their
Swords
and
Knives
chopped
all
his
flesh
and
bones
into
small
pieces
.
Common
Council
Glastonbury
Abby
Canterbury
;
Edwin
being
put
by
,
because
of
their
Infancy
Matthew
Westminster
he
subdued
the
rebellious
who
refused
to
bear
the
yoak
of
his
government
,
reducing
them
all
under
his
obedience
.
York
,
and
all
the
Nobles
of
the
swore
fealty
to
King
which
they
did
not
long
observe
.
swore
homage
and
fealty
to
him
as
to
their
true
Lord
,
which
Oath
they
soon
violated
joyfully
received
by
the
and
restored
by
them
to
the
Throne
of
the
Kingdom
,
which
he
kept
by
force
near
four
years
.
Northumberlanders
using
their
accustomed
treachery
and
disloyalty
,
ch●sed
away
their
King
and
received
E●icus
▪
Humindon
records
and
,
others
relate
et
penè
ex
hominibus
delevit
that
he
resolved
presently
to
return
,
ututterly
to
destroy
all
that
Country
.
they
rejected
their
new
King
and
received
for
their
Soveraign
with
Gifts
,
and
no
small
Sums
of
Mony
.
no
particular
King
at
all
to
rule
over
them
,
but
only
Dukes
,
(
with
their
Treachery
towards
and
Rebellions
against
them
)
Roger
Hoveden
but
especially
for
Edred
,
that
he
made
his
Palace
altogether
a
School
of
Virtues
,
obeying
Counsels
in
all
things
and
governed
his
Subjects
by
most
just
Laws
.
Great
Parliamentary
Council
in
the
Feast
of
the
Virgin
Maries
Nativity
Parliamentary
Council
Rebellious
,
Treacherous
Northumberlanders
the
presence
,
and
by
the
consent
of
them
all
,
restored
,
granted
and
re-confirmed
by
his
Charter
all
the
Lands
and
Liberties
formerly
granted
by
Kings
and
others
to
the
Abbey
of
with
sundry
Mannors
then
given
to
it
by
himself
:
wherein
by
all
the
Archbishops
,
Bishops
,
Abbots
a●d
Nobles
,
who
gave
both
their
Counsels
and
Assents
thereto
,
that
he
held
his
Crown
only
from
and
under
God
,
Welsh
King
Clerks
of
his
Diocess
in
a
Synod
,
to
punish
this
Sacrilege
and
breach
of
Sanctuary
:
desired
pardon
of
the
Bishop
and
whole
Synod
,
for
these
offences
in
the
Church
of
restoring
all
the
things
of
the
Church
he
had
taken
away
,
with
satisfaction
,
and
effusion
of
Tears
.
God
,
and
the
Bishops
of
for
ever
sprinkling
his
blood
both
upon
the
Altar
and
Walls
of
the
Church
a
Synod
of
all
the
Priests
,
Deacons
,
and
Ecclesiastical
persons
within
his
Diocess
,
to
excommunicate
the
Delinquents
his
Nobles
hearing
of
,
fearing
the
Malediction
of
the
Church
,
the
weight
whereof
they
durst
not
undergoe
,
sent
for
the
by
advice
of
the
Doctors
of
both
sides
,
delivered
up
the
Murderers
into
the
Bishops
hands
,
who
sent
them
to
the
Monastery
of
St.
where
they
were
kept
6
Moneths
in
Iron
Chains
.
After
which
they
were
excommunicated
.
Nogui
,
lay
thy
hand
upon
this
Gospel
:
Censures
and
excommunications
of
their
Synods
,
for
their
Sacrilege
,
and
other
unrighteous
Actions
infringing
the
Churches
Liberties
.
their
Synods
had
a
Judiciary
Power
,
the
Consent
and
Judgement
of
their
Synods
,
Welsh
Synod
Fratricide
excommunicated
by
submitting
to
the
penance
therein
enjoyned
him
,
gave
certain
Lands
for
ever
in
Frankalmoighne
to
God
and
all
the
Bishops
of
to
purchase
his
absolution
cast
off
their
obedience
to
him
,
and
conspiring
alltogether
by
unanimous
consent
,
rejecting
him
from
being
their
King
,
elected
his
Brother
for
their
Sovereign
Lord
the
kingdom
was
divided
between
them
by
the
bounds
of
the
River
of
Malmesbury
,
Hovedeu
,
Matthew
Westminster
,
Dunelmensis
,
Bromton
,
Henry
de
Knighton
,
Abbot
Ethelred
,
Hygden
,
Florence
His
Indiscret
Gvernment
contrary
to
his
Laws
but
only
in
as
the
Chronicles
of
and
others
record
:
)
then
Lands
and
Monasteries
on
secular
and
maried
Priests
,
and
afflicting
non
illaudabiliter
Regni
infulam
tenuit
Regni
sui
Quiuto
,
cum
rejected
him
set
up
his
Brother
Edwins
▪
the
Malice
of
Edmund
,
Edward
,
Athelstan
They
adde
hereunto
,
that
King
(
as
our
Monkish
Writers
fable
)
Alfgina
,
which
some
Monks
and
these
Historians
report
,
to
be
his
lawfull
wife
not
his
Concubine
,
and
not
coment
therewith
,
he
excited
Archbishop
of
for
consanguinity
only
After
which
she
returning
into
apprehended
her
the
second
time
,
and
cut
off
her
Sinews
at
the
Hock-bone
.
stirred
up
the
to
reject
him
,
and
that
in
a
tumultuous
manner
,
by
force
of
Arme
,
in
which
Uproar
gained
possession
of
half
his
Kingdom
.
Matthew
Parker
Henry
Spelman
the
forces
of
the
Realm
in
many
set
Battels
fought
between
them
;
till
at
last
getting
the
better
;
Convocato
rescendit
.
Assemblong
a
he
repealed
all
the
Acts
and
Decrees
of
his
Brother
King
restored
to
the
Churches
and
Monasteries
the
Treasures
he
had
taken
from
them
,
recalled
from
his
former
banishment
,
and
made
him
first
then
of
and
last
of
all
of
Henry
de
Knyghton
History
of
Leicester
Abbey
who
rejoyced
with
this
Divine
Oracle
,
spcedily
advanced
to
be
King
,
being
but
16
years
old
;
and
so
he
was
elected
and
crowned
King
by
a
divine
Oracle
,
which
never
hapned
to
any
King
of
in
former
times
K.
Edwin
that
he
was
deprived
both
of
his
Life
and
Kingdom
,
by
the
Rebellion
of
his
Subjects
:
an
untimely
Death
by
Gods
Just
Judgement
,
Edgar
,
ab
omni
populo
electus
,
Cumberland
,
Scotland
and
doing
homage
to
him
,
without
any
effusion
of
blood
,
or
war
.
statim
post
octo
dies
melius
posset
That
Matters
of
defence
against
Common
Enemies
,
and
Guardians
of
the
Sea-coasts
against
the
Invasions
,
were
then
debated
and
setled
by
the
King
and
his
Nobles
in
then
usually
summoned
by
our
Kings
for
that
end
.
how
such
a
hunting
pleased
him
?
very
well
my
Lord
and
King
;
for
that
which
pleaseth
you
ought
not
to
displease
me
:
what
Woman
he
had
lying
in
bed
with
him
?
that
it
was
his
Queen
;
Dunstan
King
Edgar
he
shoulo
enact
just
Laws
,
&
such
as
were
acceptable
to
God
:
King
Edgar
several
Laws
and
Canons
for
the
Monks
thereof
to
observe
,
made
by
advice
and
consent
of
his
Bishops
and
Nobles
,
Royal
Charter
Queen
,
Grandmother
King
Edgar
Abbot
Ingulphus
Abby
of
Croyland
Nobles
assembled
in
a
Council
at
London
:
Pauls
Church
London
the
presence
of
King
Edgar
Prelates
and
Nobles
King
Edgar
Great
Senate
Laws
and
Canons
hoc
est
Institutum
quod
a
general
Council
Laicos
cum
aequitatis
fure
tractare
Dunstan
,
Aethelwald
General
Council
,
That
all
Canons
,
Priests
,
Deacons
,
and
Sub-Deacons
should
live
chastly
or
relinquish
the
Churches
they
then
held
:
Worcester
,
Winchester
John
Bromton
Edgar
de
Concilio
beati
Bishop
Oswald
Henry
Spelman
●●ocure
King
Edgar
by
the
Counsel
and
assent
of
his
Princes
,
Nobles
and
Bishops
General
Council
their
ejection
,
and
confirm
the
Church
of
with
all
the
lands
,
goods
,
ecclesiastical
&
secular
things
thereto
belonging
to
the
Monks
of
that
Church
for
ever
,
free
from
all
secular
services
and
exactions
,
hard
or
easie
,
and
from
all
fiscal
duties
great
and
small
,
known
or
unknown
,
as
well
of
the
King
or
Prince
,
as
of
their
Officers
,
by
the
King
,
Queen
,
both
the
Archbishops
,
and
3
Dukes
.
King
Edgar
Parliamentary
Council
Alfgina
,
Prince
Edward
Scots
,
Mascusius
both
the
Ahchbishops
,
with
the
rest
of
the
Bishops
,
and
all
the
Nobles
and
great
men
of
the
Realm
were
present
,
Monastery
of
Glastonbury
communi
Episcoporum
,
Abbatum
,
Principu●●que
concilio
.
et
generali
assensu
,
Pontificum
,
Abbatum
,
Optimatumque
suorum
,
exempting
the
Monastery
and
Monks
thereof
,
not
only
from
all
Episcopal
Jurisdiction
,
but
likewise
all
their
Lands
from
all
Tributes
and
Exchequer
businesses
for
ever
,
Oswaldo
Eboracensi
Communi
Concilio
omnium
Primatum
meorum
Egar
,
Alfgina
Edward
,
Kinred
Scots
,
Mascusius
Archbishops
,
6
Bishops
,
8
Abbots
,
3
Dukes
,
Pope
John
special
Bull
King
Edgar
Bishops
of
England
,
ac
Magnatibus
universis
,
Scots
,
Malcome
Cumberland
,
Marcus
Wales
,
Dufnall
,
Siferth
,
Howel
,
Iames
,
and
Iuchill
)
That
they
would
be
faithfull
and
assisting
to
him
both
by
Land
and
Sea
.
John
Bapist
That
any
of
his
Successors
might
then
say
he
was
King
of
when
with
so
many
Kings
following
and
subject
to
him
,
he
should
enjoy
the
Prerogative
of
the
like
pompe
and
power
.
In
my
mind
this
king
had
said
much
better
:
God
forbid
that
I
should
glory
in
any
thing
but
in
the
Cross
of
our
Lord
Jesus
Christ
.
regal
Charter
Wise-men
,
Bishops
&
others
in
his
presence
,
Malmesbury
,
Fox
,
Speed
So
excellent
was
he
in
Justice
,
So
sharp
was
he
in
correction
of
Vices
as
well
in
his
Magistrates
,
Officers
,
and
other
Subjects
;
that
never
before
his
days
was
less
felony
by
Robbers
,
nor
less
extortion
or
Bribery
by
false
Officers
:
such
as
were
wicked
he
kept
under
,
them
that
were
Rebels
he
repulsed
,
the
godly
he
maintained
,
and
the
just
and
modest
he
loved
;
the
learned
and
virtuous
he
encouraged
:
He
would
suffer
no
man
of
what
degree
or
quality
soever
he
were
to
elude
or
violate
his
Laws
without
condigne
punishment
.
In
his
time
there
was
neither
any
private
Pilferer
,
nor
publike
Theef
,
but
▪
he
that
in
stealing
other
mens
Goods
,
would
venture
and
suffer
(
as
he
was
sure
)
the
loss
of
his
own
Goods
,
and
Life
.
He
was
no
respecter
of
persons
in
judgement
;
but
judged
every
man
according
to
the
quantity
of
his
Offence
,
and
quality
of
his
person
.
He
united
all
the
Nations
under
him
which
were
divers
,
by
the
Covenan
and
Ob●…
of
one
Law
.
Governing
them
all
with
such
Justice
,
Equity
,
Integrity
and
Peace
,
that
he
was
s●i●e●
Rex
,
〈◊〉
Edgarus
Pacificus
,
the
peaceable
King
Edgar
.
In
his
days
,
not
Torments
,
not
Gibbe●s
,
not
Exile
,
not
banishment
were
so
much
feared
,
as
the
offending
of
so
good
and
gracious
a
King
.
He
built
and
endowed
no
lesse
than
48
Monasteries
,
and
restored
many
more
,
endowing
them
with
large
possessions
,
privileges
,
&
was
a
great
honourer
,
lover
,
promoter
of
the
vertuous
and
learned
Clergy
,
and
suppressor
of
the
vicious
and
scandalous
.
There
was
scarce
one
year
throughout
all
his
reign
wherein
he
did
not
some
great
and
memorable
necessary
thing
for
the
good
of
his
Country
and
people
,
the
honour
of
God
,
and
advancement
of
Religion
.
All
which
made
him
so
honoured
and
beloved
by
his
Subjects
at
home
,
so
far
dreaded
by
his
Enemies
abroad
Nullas
Domesticorum
insidias
,
nullum
exterminium
alienorum
sensit
:
He
never
felt
any
homebred
treachery
,
or
forein
invasion
,
but
reigned
peaceably
all
his
days
.
without
war
or
bloodshed
,
which
none
of
his
Predecessors
ever
did
.
He
was
so
far
from
tollerating
any
violence
or
rapine
in
men
towards
each
other
,
that
he
commanded
all
the
Wolves
and
ravenous
Beasts
,
greedy
of
blood
,
to
be
destroyed
throughout
his
Dominions
:
And
such
an
Enemy
was
he
to
Drunkenness
(
the
Mother
of
Vices
,
Murders
Quarrels
,
Thefts
,
)
wherewith
the
had
much
infected
the
that
to
prevent
and
redress
it
,
he
caused
Pins
to
be
set
in
every
Cup
,
prohibiting
by
severe
Laws
and
Penalties
,
Among
other
his
Politick
deeds
,
for
the
peace
and
safeguard
of
his
Realm
against
pillaging
Pirates
,
and
Forein
Invaders
,
he
had
always
in
readiness
strong
ships
of
War
to
secure
the
Seas
in
the
Summer
season
,
which
he
divided
into
three
Squadrons
or
Fleets
:
whereof
he
placed
1200
in
the
East
Seas
to
guard
them
;
1200
in
the
South
Seas
;
1200
in
the
West
Seas
,
(
and
1200
in
the
North
Seas
,
to
prevent
Piracies
,
and
repulse
the
invasion
of
Forein
Enemies
.
These
Ships
immediatly
after
Easter
met
together
every
year
at
their
several
places
of
wherewith
the
King
sailed
round
about
the
Island
and
Sea-coasts
,
with
a
great
force
,
to
the
terror
of
Foremers
,
and
exercising
of
his
own
subjects
,
sayling
with
the
Eastern
Navy
to
the
Western
parts
of
the
Iland
,
and
then
sending
them
back
with
the
Western
Fleet
to
the
Northern
Coasts
,
and
then
sayling
with
the
Northern
Fleet
to
the
South
After
his
return
from
the
Sea
,
in
the
Winter
and
Spring
,
he
used
to
ride
in
Progress
through
all
the
Counties
of
the
Realm
,
diligently
to
search
and
inquire
how
his
Laws
,
Statutes
,
Ordinances
were
kept
and
observed
by
his
Princes
,
Great
Men
,
and
Of
ficers
,
lest
the
Poorer
sort
of
people
should
suffer
prejudice
,
or
be
oppressed
by
the
Greater
&
Richer
:
And
whether
his
Judges
or
Justices
judged
uprightly
,
according
to
the
Laws
,
or
injured
any
through
Bribery
Malice
,
or
Partiality
,
Violati
Juris
severus
Ultor
,
being
a
severe
Revenger
of
his
violated
Laws
,
sparing
neither
Rich
nor
Poor
,
but
judging
him
justly
according
to
the
quality
of
his
transgression
.
Reipublicae
&
Regni
utilitatibus
consulens
of
him
Romulus
Romanis
,
Cyrus
Persis
,
Alex.
Macedoniis
Arsaces
Parthis
,
Carolus
Magnus
Francis
,
Malmesbury
,
Abbot
Ethelred
,
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Simcon
Dunelmensis
,
Henry
Huntindon
,
Matthew
Westminster
,
But
his
Souldiers
doing
great
harm
in
plundering
the
Country
,
lading
themselves
with
spoyls
;
the
King
out
of
his
bounty
,
commanded
them
to
restore
to
the
People
all
the
spoyls
they
had
gotten
;
and
more
especially
St.
Bell
,
that
was
hanged
about
an
Horses
neck
;
whereby
he
purchased
singular
love
and
honor
from
the
Inhabitants
.
Henry
Arch-Deacon
of
Huntingdon
Auctor opum , vindex scelerum , largitor honorum ▪ Sceptifer Edgarus Regna superna petit . Hic alter Solomon , legum Pater Orbita Pacis ; Quod caruit bellis , claruit inde magis . Tem●●● 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dedit agros ; Nequitiae lapsum , justiciaeque locum . Nov●● enim Regno verum per qu●rere falso , Immensum modico , perpetuumque brevi .
Malmesbury
,
Wigorniensis
,
Hoveden
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
King
Edgar
two
Sons
amongst
the
Nobles
of
the
Realm
about
choosing
of
a
new
King
.
Ethelred
,
electing
him
unanimously
for
their
King
,
illegitimate
,
and
begotten
of
an
harlot
before
mariage
Dunstan
,
Nicholas
Trivet
,
Johannis
Parisi●nsis
,
Vincentius
,
Antoninus
,
Matthew
Parker
Mr.
Fox
Ingulphus
,
Huntindon
,
Hoveden
,
Mat:
Westminster
,
Florentius
Wigornensis
,
Bromton
,
Abbot
Ethelred
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Radulphus
Cistrensis
,
Edgars
lawfull
Son
,
and
right
heir
to
the
Crown
:
prudently
assemb●…
all
the
Bishops
,
Abbots
,
and
Nobles
together
in
a
Great
Council
,
to
debate
their
rights
and
settle
the
title
de
Jure
de
Facto
Lawfull
King
Major
part
of
the
Council
elected
,
anointed
and
consecrated
for
their
King
Quibusdam
Optimatum
murmurantibus
,
arose
great
controversies
,
tumults
and
civil
Warrs
between
the
Monkish
Clergy
,
and
maried
Secular
Priests
,
and
the
Nobles
siding
with
both
parties
.
Elfrida
;
Elfere
,
and
the
Nobles
,
That
they
were
unjustly
expelled
out
of
their
Churches
by
the
Monks
and
their
prevailing
party
that
it
would
be
a
very
great
and
miserable
dishonour
to
the
Nation
,
and
shame
to
them
Dunstan
;
Praecipue
Proceribus
▪
ut
Laicorum
est
,
succlamantibus
praejudicium
,
&c.
but
especially
to
the
Nobles
,
as
the
manner
of
Laymen
is
,
crying
out
unto
them
;
that
the
Secular
Clergy
were
prejudged
,
and
suffered
unjustly
,
being
expelled
their
〈◊〉
posessions
without
cause
:
that
they
ought
to
be
more
mild●y
dealt
with
,
and
restored
to
their
Rights
.
Dunstan
many
of
the
Princes
and
Nobles
expulsed
the
Abbots
and
Monks
out
of
the
Monasteries
wherein
King
had
placed
them
,
and
brought
in
the
maried
Clerks
with
their
wives
in
their
places
,
as
at
first
.
Alfere
Earl
of
Mercia
King
Edgar
Bishop
Ethelwold
Mercia
;
quorundam
Potentum
assensu
●t
factione
,
Hoveden
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Abbot
Ingulphus
That
they
would
never
indure
the
Monks
should
be
cast
out
of
the
Realm
,
who
held
up
all
Religion
in
the
Kingdom
.
they
raised
a
mighty
Army
cause
was
referred
to
be
heard
and
decided
between
them
in
a
Great
Council
of
the
whole
Kingdom
.
Archbishop
Dunstan
Winchester
Abby
Duces
cum
torius
Regni
Magnatibus
;
the
Dukes
with
all
the
Nobles
of
the
Realm
,
that
they
might
be
restored
York
,
Athelwold
Manuscript
Chronicle
Winchester
Abby
the
Nobles
of
the
Realm
fearing
they
should
be
overcome
by
dispute
promising
reformation
of
life
on
the
Clergies
behalf
,
most
humbly
intreated
the
King
and
Arch-bishop
▪
That
they
might
be
readmitted
into
Monasteries
,
out
of
which
they
had
been
ejected
.
When
he
was
ready
to
pronounce
this
his
definitive
Sentence
Mathew
Parker
God
forbid
that
this
should
be
done
;
God
forbid
it
should
be
done
;
You
have
judged
well
once
,
you
would
change
again
not
well
.
it
was
Arise
,
be
not
afraid
,
because
this
day
Righteousnesse
and
Peace
have
kissed
each
other
in
the
Monks
.
Huntindon
,
Hoveden
,
Wigorniensis
,
Ranul●us
Cistrensis
,
Fabian
,
An
hear-say
way
was
true
Sed
adhuc
non
sedatis
animis
great
Councils
Kerling
,
Kerding
Henry
Spelman
Saxon
Note
A
great
Council
That
every
man
should
goe
in
pilgrimage
to
the
Church
of
out
of
Devotion
Matthew
Parker
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
All
the
Senators
and
Nobles
of
England
sitting
together
at
this
Council
Mat.
Westminster
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
John
Bromton
Henry
Huntindon
Henry
Spelman
dethrone
this
Man
of
God
King
Edward
,
and
advance
her
own
Son
to
the
Throne
Corph-Castle
,
Matthew
Westminster
That
no
Man
should
lament
or
speak
of
his
death
,
thinking
thereby
utterly
to
●elete
his
memory
.
Henry
Huntindon
in
regno
terreno
filius
ejus
presence
of
the
Nobles
Because
thou
hast
aspired
to
the
Kingdom
by
the
death
of
thy
Brother
,
whom
thy
Mother
murdered
;
therefore
hear
the
word
of
the
Lord
;
Thus
saith
the
Lord
.
The
Sword
and
Bloud
shall
not
depart
from
thy
House
,
nor
from
the
Nation
,
but
shall
rage
against
thee
all
the
days
of
thy
Life
,
slaying
thy
séed
,
uutil
thy
Kingdom
shall
be
translated
to
another
Realm
and
Nation
,
whose
Customs
and
Language
that
Nation
over
which
thou
reignest
knoweth
not
;
qu
eo●
in
ultim●m
red●gat
serv●tutem
▪
them
into
the
extremest
Bondage
,
for
conspiring
with
thy
ignominious
Mother
against
the
Bloud
of
thy
Brother
.
thy
fin
,
nor
the
sin
of
thy
Mother
,
sin
of
those
who
were
privy
to
her
wicked
Counsell
,
that
they
might
stretch
●ut
an
hand
against
the
Lords
anointed
to
slay
him
,
be
expiated
,
but
by
a
long
Revenge
,
and
much
effusion
of
bloud
King
Edgar
whom
he
bequeathed
the
Crown
at
his
death
,
Worel
Forest
about
a
year
after
his
whole
body
was
eaten
up
of
Lice
and
Worms
,
so
that
he
died
most
miserably
.
Edmund
Ironside
Henry
de
Knyghton
post
occisionem
fratris
sui
recognoverunt
Regem
suum
fore
the
murder
of
their
lawfull
Soveraign
.
Southampton
,
Chester
Isle
of
Teneth
,
Cornwall
,
Devonshire
,
their
Treason
and
Treachery
against
their
innocent
murdered
Soveraign
)
regis
ipsis
hostibus
traditio
Matthew
Parker
Mr.
Fox
that
the
perceiving
the
discords
that
were
then
in
the
Realm
,
and
the
hearts
of
the
Subject
to
be
withdrawn
from
,
and
set
against
their
Soveraign
,
they
thought
it
a
sufficient
occasion
and
advantage
to
forward
their
intendments
,
and
omitting
no
time
,
arived
on
the
Coasts
of
and
spoiled
the
Country
as
aforesaid
.
Burch
,
Undeles
Book
of
Ely
Mr.
Selden
Because
thou
hast
preferred
silver
before
God
,
Mony
before
an
Apostle
,
covetousness
before
me
,
the
evils
which
the
Lord
hath
denounced
shall
violently
come
upon
thee
.
Matthew
Westminster
England
crudeliter
Devonshire
,
Strenwild
East
English
Aethelward
,
Alfric
other
Nobles
si
quando
in
Concilium
venissent
,
pars
hic
,
〈◊〉
illud
el●…
&c.
〈◊〉
Henry
de
Knyghton
pacemque
firmam
cum
iis
tenerent
Infaustum
Concilium
,
an
unlucky
Council
.
Eadmerus
Henry
Huntindon
Chronicle
of
Bromton
Concilio
infausto
Siricii
quod
ipsi
censum
Dacis
persolverent
Henry
de
Knyghton
Mat.
Parker
John
Fox
That
King
being
gl●d
to
grant
the
great
sums
of
money
for
peace
,
gave
himself
to
polling
of
his
Subjects
,
and
disinheriting
them
of
their
possessions
;
and
caused
them
to
redeem
the
same
again
with
great
sums
of
money
;
For
that
he
paid
great
Tributes
to
the
Danes
yearly
,
which
●as
called
Danegelt
.
Which
Tribute
so
increased
,
that
from
the
first
Tribute
of
10000
l.
it
was
brought
at
last
in
processe
of
5.
or
6.
years
,
to
40000
l.
The
which
yearly
Tribute
(
until
the
coming
of
St.
and
after
)
was
levied
of
the
people
of
the
Land
:
Moreover
,
for
lack
of
Justice
,
many
Theeves
,
Rioters
,
and
Bribers
,
were
in
the
land
,
with
much
misery
and
mischief
.
To
which
sorrow
moreover
was
joy●ed
hunger
and
penury
(
besides
a
bloudy
flux
,
feavers
,
mortality
,
murrain
amongst
cattel
,
&c.
)
amongst
the
Commons
,
insomuch
that
every
one
of
them
was
constrained
to
pick
and
steal
from
others
.
So
that
what
for
the
pillage
of
the
and
what
by
inward
Theeves
and
Bribers
,
this
Land
was
brought
into
great
affliction
:
Albeit
the
greatest
cause
of
this
affliction
(
as
it
seemeth
to
me
)
is
not
so
much
to
be
imputed
to
the
King
as
to
the
dissention
among
the
Lords
themselves
,
who
d●
not
agrée
one
with
another
;
but
when
they
assembled
in
Consultation
together
,
either
they
did
draw
divers
wayes
,
or
if
any
thing
were
agreed
upon
any
matter
of
peace
between
the
parties
,
soon
it
was
broken
again
;
or
else
if
any
good
thing
were
devised
for
the
prejudice
of
the
Enemy
,
even
the
were
warned
thereof
by
some
of
the
same
Council
.
John
Speed
Hist:
of
Great
Britain
That
King
could
not
redress
the
evils
occasioned
by
the
prosperous
successes
,
who
lay
in
the
land
like
unto
Grashoppers
,
his
strengths
being
small
,
and
his
Subjects
affections
l●ss
.
The●efor●
calling
to
counsell
the
Statesmen
and
Peers
,
demanded
their
Advics
,
what
was
best
to
be
done
?
Some
few
of
these
profe●ed
the
King
their
assistance
,
but
more
of
them
perswaded
to
a
composition
,
whereof
Archbishop
of
was
chief
;
and
in
fine
,
ten
thousand
pounds
paid
to
the
for
their
departure
.
This
golden
mine
once
entred
,
was
more
eagerly
digged
into
by
those
still
thirsting
who
finding
the
branch
so
beneficial
at
first
,
hoped
the
vein
in
following
would
prove
farr
more
beneficial
;
and
therefore
,
regardless
of
promise
,
the
next
year
prepared
themselves
again
for
and
with
a
great
Fleet
d●sp●●ched
to
Sea
.
The
News
whereof
struck
such
terror
into
the
English
hearts
,
that
despairing
of
hope
they
accounted
themselves
the
Bondslaves
of
Misery
,
and
were
enforced
to
compound
a
peace
with
them
,
with
the
payment
of
16000
pounds
,
which
they
at
last
mounted
to
40000
(
or
48000
)
pounds
till
it
emptied
the
Land
of
all
her
coin
,
the
Kingdom
of
her
Glory
,
the
Nobi●ity
of
their
Courage
,
the
Commons
of
their
Content
,
and
the
Soveraign
of
his
wonted
Respect
and
Observation
.
Samuel
D●mel
in
the
end
was
fain
,
seeing
he
could
not
prevail
with
the
sword
,
to
assail
them
with
money
,
and
bought
a
peace
for
10000
pounds
,
which
God
wot
,
proved
after
a
very
dear
penny-worth
to
the
Commonwealth
:
Shewing
the
seller
thereof
,
how
much
was
in
his
power
,
and
the
buyer
,
at
how
bad
a
rate
,
his
necessity
was
to
be
served
,
and
yet
not
sure
of
his
bargain
,
longer
than
the
Contractor
would
.
Who
having
found
the
benefit
of
this
market
,
raised
the
price
therof
almost
every
year
.
And
yet
had
not
what
he
paid
for
,
the
land
in
one
part
or
other
being
never
free
from
spoil
and
invasion
,
but
rather
,
were
more
oppressed
both
by
the
by
this
Taxation
,
which
was
the
first
we
find
in
our
Annals
laid
upon
the
Kingdom
,
and
with
heavy
grievance
raised
in
a
poor
distressed
State
,
continuing
many
Ages
after
the
occasion
was
extinct
;
And
in
the
end
(
though
in
ano●her
〈◊〉
)
became
the
usual
Supplement
in
the
Dangers
of
the
Kingdom
,
and
the
Occasions
of
Princes
.
And
hereby
enlarged
the
means
and
desires
of
the
Enemy
,
so
that
at
length
came
King
of
King
of
in
person
,
as
if
likewise
to
receive
him
for
committing
outrage
,
and
were
both
returned
with
great
summs
.
And
many
years
it
was
not
ere
returned
again
to
raise
new
summs
by
new
afflictions
,
and
tormenting
here
this
poor
turmoiled
people
more
than
ever
,
receives
a
fee
for
bloudshed
,
to
the
summ
of
l.
Granted
in
the
General
Assembly
of
the
States
at
London
;
and
a
Peace
,
or
rather
paction
of
servitude
concluded
.
Monethly
Contributio●s
King
Ethelred
Christmass
day
Regni
fidelibus
,
utriusque
ordinis
Sapientioribus
,
Assembling
all
the
Wisest
men
of
his
Realm
of
both
Orders
,
granted
and
estabished
a
most
firm
peace
with
all
his
Sons
and
Daughters
,
present
,
confirwed
the
said
Peace
That
if
any
os
them
,
or
they
themselves
should
perpetrate
any
unjust
thing
against
the
other
,
it
should
be
expiated
with
eondign
reparation
.
assembled
a
Council
of
his
Nobles
to
consult
how
to
resist
them
.
Consilio
jussuque
Regis
Anglorum
Thorold
;
Alstan
commanding
them
,
if
by
any
means
they
could
,
to
take
the
Danish
Army
and
Fleet
by
invironing
them
in
some
part
.
Danish
Fleet
Danish
Pirates
Matthew
Westminster
Huntind
.
&
Bromton
Danish
Fleet
Frena
,
Frithgist
Malmesbury
,
Speed
Denmark
▪
Essex
,
Kent
,
Sussex
King
Ethelred
,
Con●llio
Procerum
suorum
,
Wigorniensis
Matthew
Westminster
,
Hoveden
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
Tribute
and
Wages
,
and
Money
,
that
they
should
desist
from
their
cruelty
.
a
Tribute
of
fixteen
thousand
pounds
,
was
given
and
paid
out
of
all
England
,
that
they
should
cease
from
their
rapines
and
slaughters
of
innocent
persons
.
to
return
into
his
own
Countrey
,
and
never
after
to
return
into
with
an
Army
Isle
of
Wight
Ethelred
,
quia
fratrem
suum
dolosè
extinxerat
Grievously
vexed
the
People
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Roger
Hoveden
mittuntur
in
Huntindon
,
Radulphus
Cistrensis
,
Bromton
,
[
g
Devon
,
Somerset
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Radulphus
de
Dicet●
,
Roger
Hoveden
,
Mat.
Westminster
his
people
to
make
an
Agreement
with
the
and
to
give
them
a
Stipend
,
and
Pacifying
Tribute
,
that
so
they
might
cease
from
their
mischiefs
.
that
they
would
accept
of
a
Stipend
and
Tribute
.
gladly
embracing
his
Embassy
,
condescended
to
his
request
,
and
determined
how
much
Tribute
should
be
paid
them
for
to
keep
the
peace
.
A
Tribute
pounds
was
paid
them
,
pro
bono
Pacis
,
King
,
Archbishop
,
Bishops
,
Abbots
,
Aeldermen
,
Nobles
because
they
endeavoured
to
deprive
him
and
his
Nobles
both
of
their
Lives
and
the
Realm
,
and
to
subject
all
England
to
their
own
Dominion
:
Mat.
Westminster
be
freed
from
the
Danish
Oppression
.
Henry
Huntindon
Vocatisque
cunctis
Regni
Principibus
calling
all
the
Princes
of
his
Realm
together
,
and
relating
the
whole
series
of
what
was
acted
to
them
;
he
diligently
enquired
of
them
,
what
they
would
advise
him
to
do
?
Who
all
crying
out
together
,
as
with
one
mouth
,
That
the
bloud
of
their
Neighbours
and
Friends
was
to
be
revenged
.
Edric
Strcona
Godwin
Porthound
Isle
of
Wight
Reading
,
Wallingford
,
Colesey
,
Essington
,
Huntindon
,
Bromton
Danes
,
Anno
cum
Consilio
Primatum
suorum
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Polychronicon
,
Danes
▪
et
Tributum
illis
dare
vellent
That
they
should
desist
from
rapines
,
and
hold
a
firm
peace
with
them
a
Tribute
paid
them
of
thirty
six
thousand
pounds
Henry
Huntindon
Matthew
Westminster
.
Rex
Anglorum
he
summoned
and
held
a
Great
Parliamentary
Council
at
Aenham
,
all
the
Nobles
of
England
Edicto
concrepante
acciti
sunt
convenire
Henry
Spelman
Cap.
23.
De
Navali
Expeditione
sub
Paschate
.
Navalis
expeditio
Annuo
sit
parata
Cap.
24.
De
Militiam
detractante
.
Military
affairs
General
Councils
quod
populo
habeat
utilissimum
injustumque
quodlibet
funditus
extirpetur
tuncti
tunc
temporis
Optimates
his
Wise-men
Bromton
,
Lambard
diebus
,
die
Dominica
,
die
Martis
,
&
die
Jovis
.
Qui
ad
Pontem
ventat
cum
Bato
ubi
piscis
inest
,
unus
ob
:
dabatur
in
Theloueum
,
&
de
majori
Nave
monstrabant
res
suas
,
&
extolneabant
.
&
de
uno
Dosseto
cum
Ovis
,
5
Ova
Theolon
.
Si
veniat
ad
Mercatum
,
mongestre
,
Sinere
qui
mangonant
in
Caseo
&
Butiro
14
diebus
ante
Natale
Domine
,
1.
d.
&
7
diebus
post
Natale
Domini
,
Unam
alium
denarium
ad
Theloneum
.
Toll
,
Tribute
,
or
Custom
,
commanded
one
ship
to
be
built
,
and
furnished
out
of
every
310
Hides
,
or
Ploughlands
,
and
a
Buckler
&
Helmet
out
of
every
9
Ploughlands
,
throughout
his
Realm
,
The
ships
being
accordingly
provided
,
the
King
victualled
and
placed
chosen
Souldiers
in
them
,
and
assembled
them
all
together
to
the
port
of
that
they
might
defend
the
Coasts
of
the
kingdom
from
the
irruptions
of
Foreiners
.
An.
1009.
Puppes
praedictae
congregatae
sunt
apud
Henry
Huntindon
banished
him
.
Wulnoth
Hemmingus
,
Erglafe
Essex
,
Kent
Cambridge
,
Thetford
Buckingham
,
Hertford
East-England
,
Essex
,
Middlesex
,
Hertford
,
Buckhingham
,
Oxford
,
Cambridge
Northamptonshire
,
Kent
,
Surrey
,
Sussex
,
Southampton
,
Wiltshire
,
Ethelred
,
et
Regni
sui
Magnates
,
Danes
,
desiring
peace
from
them
,
and
promising
them
Wages
and
Tribute
,
so
as
they
would
desist
from
depopulating
the
Realm
.
consented
to
,
yet
not
without
fraud
and
dissimulation
,
that
if
he
would
enjoy
his
life
and
liberty
,
he
should
pay
them
3000
pounds
for
his
ransom
:
which
he
refusing
to
do
Week
after
Week
;
prohibiting
any
others
to
give
them
any
thing
for
his
ransom
,
Kent
.
Anno
1012.
perfidious
Duke
Danes
a
Tibute
of
forty
forty
eight
thousand
pounds
That
all
the
within
the
Realm
should
have
every
where
a
peaceable
habitation
with
the
English
,
and
that
there
should
be
,
as
it
were
,
one
Heart
,
and
one
Soul
of
both
people
Matthew
Westminster
,
Daniel
being
ratified
on
both
sides
with
Pledges
and
Oaths
Matthew
Westminster
Danish
persecution
That
they
would
defend
against
strangers
and
forein
invasions
,
upon
this
condition
,
that
the
English
should
find
them
victuals
and
cloaths
.
Henry
Huntindon
Abbot
Ingulphus
Godricus
solvit
primo
Anno
Regi
Draiton
,
Kotenham
Slinton
,
Northumburtham
,
Makesey
,
Etton
,
Badington
,
Ege
,
Thorp
,
Walton
,
Witherington
,
Paston
,
Dodifthorp
,
John
Speed
That
the
Clergy
as
backward
as
any
,
denied
to
King
their
assistance
,
pleading
their
exemptions
from
warr
,
and
privileges
of
the
Church
,
when
the
land
lay
bleeding
and
deploring
for
help
,
and
scandalized
all
his
other
proceedings
for
demanding
their
aydes
.
That
King
had
such
a
condition
,
that
he
would
lightly
dis-inherit
Englishmen
of
their
lands
and
possessions
,
and
caused
them
to
redeem
the
same
with
great
sums
of
money
,
and
that
he
gave
himself
to
polling
of
his
Subjects
,
and
framed
Trespasses
for
to
gain
their
money
and
goods
,
for
that
he
paid
great
Tribute
to
the
Danes
yearly
.
Whereby
he
lost
the
affections
of
the
people
,
who
at
last
deserted
him
,
and
submitted
themselves
to
the
Invaders
,
who
usurped
the
Soveraign
power
,
and
forced
him
out
of
with
his
Queen
and
Children
Councils
of
Aenham
Watling
street
swore
Fealty
to
him
as
their
Soveraign
.
William
Malmesbury
primus
exemplum
defectionis
dederit
inhabitant
vectigal
et
obsides
dederunt
Watling
street
to
wast
the
Fields
,
burn
the
Villages
,
cut
down
the
Woods
and
Orchards
,
spoil
the
Churches
,
kill
all
the
Males
that
should
come
into
their
hands
,
Old
and
Young
,
without
shewing
them
any
mercy
,
reserving
only
the
Females
to
satisfie
their
lusts
,
and
to
do
all
the
mischiefs
that
possibly
they
could
act
.
Winchester
Swain
King
by
all
the
People
of
England
(
Lord●n
Worceste●
▪
Simeon
Dunelmensis
praesentia
eos
dest●ueret
sua
by
reason
of
the
tragical
death
of
his
Brother
Edwaod
,
John
Speed
If
there
wanted
in
me
a
fatherly
care
,
either
for
the
or
in
you
then
truly
silent
would
I
be
for
ever
,
and
bear
those
calamities
with
a
more
dejected
mind
:
but
as
the
case
stands
(
be
it
as
it
is
)
I
for
my
part
am
resolved
,
to
rush
into
the
midst
of
the
Enemy
,
And
you
(
I
am
sure
)
therein
I
pray
you
for
I
see
both
God
and
destiny
against
us
,
and
the
name
of
the
brought
almost
to
the
last
period
:
for
we
are
overcome
,
not
by
weapons
and
hostile
warr
,
but
I
my self
disesteemed
,
and
in
scorn
termed
,
Your
valour
and
loyalty
all
our
poverty
yearly
augmented
by
the
payment
of
their
Danegelt
;
which
how
to
redress
God
only
knoweth
,
and
we
are
to
seek
,
For
if
we
pay
money
for
peace
,
and
that
confirmed
by
Oath
,
these
Enemies
soon
break
it
,
as
a
people
that
neither
regard
God
nor
man
,
contrary
to
equity
and
the
Laws
of
War
,
and
of
Nations
;
and
so
f●r
off
is
all
hope
of
better
success
,
as
we
have
cause
to
fear
the
losse
of
our
kingdom
,
&
you
the
extinction
of
the
English
Nations
revenue
.
Therefore
seeing
our
enemies
are
at
hand
,
and
their
hands
at
our
throats
,
let
us
by
fore-sight
and
counsel
save
our
own
lives
,
or
else
by
courage
sheath
our
swords
in
their
bowels
,
either
of
which
I
am
willing
to
enter
into
,
Matt.
Westminster
suorum
se
perfidia
Ducum
Bishop
of
Durham
prius
abreptae
,
mox
proscriptiones
factae
.
Malmesbury
,
Matthew
Westminster
Exacted
a
great
St.
Edmondsbury
all
the
lands
thereof
being
exempted
from
Tributes
.
the
Tribute
he
exacted
for
not
paying
the
Tribute
demanded
,
Help
O
fellow
Souldiers
,
help
,
behold
comes
to
slay
me
Danes
,
Elected
and
made
●…te
their
King
and
Lord
Majores
Natu
totius
Angliae
Nobles
and
Senators
of
all
England
their
new
yoak
Natural
Lord
with
unanimous
consent
That
he
would
for
time
to
come
be
their
mild
and
devout
Lord
,
consent
to
their
wills
in
all
things
,
acquiesce
in
their
Counsels
,
and
if
he
had
offended
in
any
kinde
,
he
would
reform
it
according
as
they
should
think
fit
,
and
with
a
ready
mind
pardon
whatsoever
had
been
contemptuously
or
disgracefully
spoken
or
acted
by
them
,
against
him
or
his
,
if
they
would
all
unanimously
receive
him
again
as
their
King
into
the
Kingdom
.
The
Nobles
unanimously
and
fréely
agreed
and
voted
,
That
they
would
never
more
admit
a
Danish
King
into
England
to
reign
over
them
.
men
and
horses
from
them
to
punish
all
such
as
revolted
from
him
.
(
Ethelred
was
but
21
thousand
pounds
English
.
Malmsbury
MAGNUM
CONCILIUM
;
Wigorniensis
,
Hoveden
,
Sim.
Dunelmensis
,
MAGNUM
PLACITUM
:
Matthew
Westminster
Great
Council
and
Parliament
digniores
et
potentiores
ex
Seovengensibus
(d)
Cnute
either
to
win
it
,
or
to
lose
his
life
in
the
attempt
.
Dorsetshire
,
Somersetshire
Edmond
Ironside
Huntindon
,
Wigorniensis
Edmund
Ironside
Ed.
Ironside
Stafford
,
Shrewsbury
Leicester
,
because
they
would
not
go
forth
to
fight
against
the
Danes
Army
,
in
defence
of
their
Country
and
King
.
Cnute
Buckingham
,
Bedford
,
Huntindon
,
Northampton
,
Lincoln
,
Nottingham
,
being
compelled
by
necessity
whose
Ghost
did
perpetually
vex
and
haunt
him
all
his
reign
,
Wigornien●…s
,
Hoveden
,
●…n
Dune●…s
,
R●…us
de
Dice●o
▪
Bromton
Matthew
Westminster
▪
Proceres
Regni
cum
Clero
never
to
suffer
a
Danish
King
to
reign
over
them
)
Wigor●i●●
sis
,
Huntindon
,
Knyghton
,
as
to
their
only
King
and
Soveraign
,
That
he
would
be
a
faithfull
Lord
unto
them
both
in
things
appertaining
to
God
and
the
World
,
part
of
the
Nobles
Ed.
●ronside
Matthew
Westminster
by
all
the
People
That
they
now
fought
for
their
Country
,
for
their
Children
,
for
their
Wives
,
for
their
Houses
and
Liberties
,
Edric
,
Almar
Southampton
,
Wiltshire
O
ye
and
other
English
,
flee
and
get
away
,
for
your
head
is
lost
;
behold
here
is
the
head
of
your
King
which
I
hold
in
my
hand
,
therefore
hasten
hence
with
all
speed
,
and
save
your
lives
.
fraudently
swore
that
he
would
continue
faithfull
to
him
,
only
that
he
might
betray
him
.
Edmond
,
Shepy
.
Edmond
Matthew
Westminster
Henry
Huntindon
Fly
O
Englishmen
,
fly
Englishmen
,
for
is
dead
that
being
mindfull
of
their
pristine
valour
and
victory
,
they
should
defend
themselves
and
the
Realm
from
the
avarice
of
the
being
now
to
fight
with
those
they
had
formerly
conquered
.
King
Edmond
he
here
gave
the
greatest
wound
to
the
English
Nobility
and
Nation
that
ever
they
received
in
any
former
battle
,
Duke
son
of
Duke
and
all
the
flower
of
the
English
Nobility
,
together
with
Bishop
of
and
Abbot
Malmesbury
,
Cnute
Matthew
Westminster
Abbot
Ethelred
AUT
PUGNENT
IPSI
AUT
COMPONENT
Bromton
,
Hen:
de
Knyghton
,
Speed
(i)
Matthew
Westmininster
Edmond
.
Hitherto
I
have
been
covetous
of
thy
Realm
,
now
most
valiant
of
men
,
I
am
verily
more
desirous
of
thy self
,
whom
I
see
,
art
to
be
preferred
,
I
say
,
not
before
the
Realm
of
but
the
whole
world
it self
hath
yielded
to
me
hath
subjected
it self
to
me
,
the
King
of
hath
given
me
his
hand
,
and
thy
admirable
Valour
hath
more
than
once
fructrated
the
force
of
my
assaults
,
which
I
believed
no
mortal
man
could
have
been
able
to
sustain
.
Wherefore
although
fortune
hath
promised
that
I
should
be
every
where
a
Conquerer
,
yet
thy
admirable
valour
hath
so
allured
me
to
favour
,
that
I
above
measure
desire
thee
both
for
a
friend
and
consort
of
my
kingdome
:
would
to
God
that
thou
also
maist
be
as
desirous
of
me
,
that
I
may
reign
with
thee
in
and
thou
maist
reign
with
me
in
Truly
,
if
thy
valour
shall
be
united
to
my
fortune
,
will
fear
,
and
will
quake
it self
;
accustomed
to
warrs
,
will
tremble
.
In
brief
,
both
consent
to
divide
the
Kingdom
:
yielding
to
words
,
who
had
not
yielded
to
swords
,
being
overcome
with
this
Oration
,
who
could
not
be
overcome
with
arms
;
whereupon
,
laying
aside
their
arms
,
they
run
and
mutually
imbrace
and
kiss
each
other
,
both
Armies
rejoycing
and
the
Clergy
singing
with
a
lowd
voice
Wigorniensis
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
Roger
Hoveden
appointed
a
Tribute
which
should
be
paid
to
the
Sea
forces
,
and
then
departed
from
each
other
DATO
PRECIO
pr●ce
for
,
they
permitted
them
there
to
winter
.
London
,
Essex
,
East-England
(
l
placed
an
Image
in
his
Chamber
with
a
bow
and
arrow
ready
bent
;
which
admiring
at
,
touching
the
spring
which
held
the
bow
thus
bent
,
the
arrow
thereupon
pierced
&
slew
him
in
the
place
.
England
.
Speed
That
he
cut
off
his
Soveraigns
head
,
All
hail
thou
sole
Monarch
of
England
,
for
here
behold
the
head
of
thy
Copartner
,
which
for
thy
sake
I
have
adventured
to
cut
off
:
I
for
reward
of
so
great
and
meritorious
a
service
done
for
me
,
will
●this
day
advance
thee
above
all
the
Nobles
of
the
Realm
Most
dear
King
,
you
ought
not
to
speak
harshly
to
me
,
nor
suffer
any
evil
to
be
done
unto
me
;
for
you
had
never
enjoyed
the
Realm
of
but
by
my
means
.
For
out
of
love
to
thee
,
I
have
first
betrayed
King
after
that
I
deserted
my
proper
and
natural
Lord
;
and
afterwards
I
foreplotted
his
death
,
and
murdered
my
just
and
true
liege
Lord
,
out
of
my
fidelity
towards
thee
,
to
bring
the
whole
kingdom
unto
thee
:
and
dost
thou
so
lightly
vilify
so
great
love
conferred
on
thee
,
for
which
I
never
received
any
benefit
or
profit
from
thee
?
And
thou
shalt
deservedly
die
,
thou
most
perfidious
Traitor
,
seeing
by
thy
own
confession
thou
art
guilty
of
Treason
both
against
God
and
me
,
who
hast
slain
thine
own
Soveraign
and
natural
King
,
and
my
dear
confederate
Brother
.
His
bloud
be
upon
thy
head
,
because
thou
hast
stretched
out
thy
hand
against
the
Lords
anointed
.
(p)
Matthew
Westminster
Marianus
Scotus
,
Wigorniensis
,
Roger
Hoveden
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
murdered
at
Oxford
,
ambiguum
quo
casu
extinctus
,
That
God
,
&c.
minding
his
own
doctrine
,
and
pitying
the
English
the
Kings
had
continued
long
together
,
they
should
have
both
lived
in
danger
,
and
the
Realm
in
continual
trouble
.
Saxon
Monarchy
Henry
Huntindon
Mr.
Fox
The
Sinnes
of
the
grown
now
to
the
full
and
their
dreggs
as
it
were
sunk
to
the
bottom
,
they
were
emptied
by
the
from
their
own
vessels
,
and
their
bottles
broken
,
that
had
vented
their
red
and
bloudy
wines
gave
them
the
cup
of
wrath
,
whose
dreggs
he
had
formerly
(
by
their
own
hands
)
wrung
out
upon
other
Nations
.
For
the
that
had
enlarged
their
Kingdomes
by
the
bloud
of
the
and
built
their
nests
high
upon
the
Cedars
of
others
,
committed
an
evil
covetousness
to
their
own
habitations
,
and
were
stricken
by
the
same
measure
that
they
had
measured
to
others
,
when
as
the
Danes
often
attempting
the
Lands
invasion
,
and
the
subversion
of
the
English
Estate
,
made
way
with
their
Swords
through
all
the
Provinces
of
the
Realm
,
and
lastly
,
advanced
the
Crown
upon
their
own
helmets
,
Comprising
a
of
all
the
relating
to
the
and
other
remarkables
,
under
our
from
the
year
of
our
Lord
1017.
till
the
first
year
of
King
Anno
1042.
With
some
brief
Observations
on
the
same
.
Edmond
Ironside
crowned
King
William
Thorne
Military
Title
publick
Election
Nobles
and
Nation
all
the
Bishops
,
Dukes
,
Princes
and
Nobles
of
the
English
Nation
to
be
assembled
together
at
London
in
a
Parliamentary
Council
:
Who
were
the
Witnesses
between
him
and
when
they
made
their
agreement●…
and
division
of
the
Kingdom
between
them
?
What
manner
of
conference
there
then
was
between
him
and
concerning
his
Brethren
and
Sons
?
Whether
it
was
agreed
,
that
it
should
be
lawfull
for
Brethren
or
Children
to
reign
in
the
kingdom
of
the
after
his
death
,
by
any
special
reservation
or
agreement
between
them
,
in
case
should
die
in
his
life-time
?
Whom
he
had
designed
to
be
his
Heir
?
Whom
he
had
appointed
to
be
guardians
to
his
Sons
during
their
infancy
?
And
what
he
had
commanded
concerning
his
Brothers
That
they
did
most
certainly
know
,
King
neither
living
nor
dying
had
commended
or
given
no
part
of
his
kingdom
to
his
Brethren
;
and
they
did
likewise
know
,
that
it
was
King
will
,
that
should
be
the
Gardian
and
Protector
of
his
Sons
and
of
the
Realm
,
untill
they
were
of
age
to
reign
,
calling
God
himself
to
witnesse
the
truth
hereof
.
But
though
they
thus
called
God
to
witness
,
yet
they
gave
a
false
testimony
,
and
fraudulently
lyed
,
preferring
a
lye
before
the
truth
,
being
forgetfull
of
justice
,
unmindfull
of
nature
,
unjust
witnesses
,
rising
up
against
Innocency
,
and
betrayers
of
their
own
bloud
and
Country
:
when
as
they
all
well
knew
,
that
had
designed
his
Brethren
to
be
his
heirs
,
and
appointed
them
to
be
Guardians
of
his
children
;
thinking
by
this
their
false
testimony
to
please
King
to
make
him
more
mild
and
gracious
to
them
,
and
that
they
should
receive
great
rewards
from
him
for
the
same
.
they
were
sworn
before
to
Edmond
and
his
Heirs
,
and
were
Native
Englishmen
,
yet
they
there
all
took
a
solemn
Oath
of
Allegiance
to
That
they
would
and
did
chuse
him
for
their
King
,
&
humbly
obey
him
,
et
Exercitui
Vectigalia
dare
;
and
would
give
Tributes
to
his
Army
.
Oathes
from
the
Princes
and
Nobles
of
the
reciprocal
Oaths
from
them
and
all
the
people
,
they
ratified
a
mutual
Covenant
and
League
of
Peace
with
reciprocal
Oaths
between
both
Nations
,
reconciling
and
abandoning
all
publick
enmities
between
them
.
that
they
would
cast
off
,
banish
,
and
wholly
reject
King
Brothers
,
Sons
,
and
Family
.
Roger
de
Hoveden
Ethelred
,
Wigorniensis
English
royal
line
Abbot
Ailred
Plena
erat
proditoribus
Insula
palpable
flattery
how
he
might
deceive
Prince
so
as
to
have
him
murthered
?
Matthew
Westminster
to
murder
these
infant
Princes
in
England
,
through
the
flattery
,
perjury
and
treachery
of
the
English
Prelates
and
Nobles
gained
the
intire
Monarchy
of
England
.
slew
or
banished
all
those
perfidious
English
Sycophants
,
temporizers
who
had
the
chiefest
hand
in
this
false
testimony
,
abjuration
&
treacherous
bloudy
advice
,
against
the
Saxon
Royal
Family
:
●…hose
Counsel
he
slew
or
banishea
all
the
blood-royal
of
the
Realm
of
England
,
that
so
he
might
Iure
Haereditario
,
reserve
and
perpetuate
the
kingdom
to
his
own
Posterity
by
an
hereditary
right
.
Dukedom
of
Mercia
Ingulphus
.
Turkell
a
heavy
Tax
of
82
Thousand
pounds
(
besides
10000
pounds
imposed
on
London
alone
)
imposed
and
levied
on
the
whole
Nation
.
vel
regno
repulit
,
vel
occidit
,
Henry
Huntindon
Henry
de
Knyghton
Florentius
Wigornionsis
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Roger
de
Hoveden
,
Trevisa
,
)
Fabian
that
they
would
in
all
wise
put
off
Edmonds
kinn
.
They
trowed
thereby
to
be
great
with
the
King
afterward
,
but
it
fared
farr
otherwise
.
For
many
or
the
more
part
of
them
,
specially
such
as
perceived
were
sworn
before
to
and
his
heirs
,
he
mistrusted
and
disdained
ever
after
.
Therefore
some
of
them
were
slain
by
Gods
rightfull
dome
,
and
some
banished
,
and
exiled
and
put
out
of
the
Land
,
and
some
by
Gods
punishment
died
suddenly
,
and
came
to
a
miserable
end
Edward
,
Edmonds
omnia
pro
voto
cessissent
defuncti
Regis
relictam
duxit
uxorem
De
illorum
England
(
it
being
agreed
between
them
on
the
marriage
,
that
the
issue
of
begotten
on
her
should
inherit
the
Crown
;
)
Danish
Forces
,
and
constant
heavy
Taxes
for
their
maintenance
:
Emma
,
he
sent
back
all
his
Danish
stipendiary
Souldiers
to
their
Native
Country
,
and
all
his
Ships
but
40
,
which
he
retained
to
transport
him
into
Denmarke
the
next
year
.
To
return
,
pay
off
,
and
disband
which
forein
Forces
,
the
English
paid
him
a
Tribute
of
82.
as
some
,
or
72
thousand
pounds
as
other
Historians
record
,
collected
out
of
all
and
the
thousand
or
10500
marks
more
Suo
exercitui
vectigal
dare
Nobles
and
Army
ordained
,
that
a
Tribute
should
be
paid
to
the
Danish
Fleet
,
TRIBUTO
QUOD
CLASSICAE
MANUI
PENDERETUR
STATUTO
.
King
Cnute
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Sim.
Dunelmensis
Regis
observandis
concordes
facti
sunt
Fabian
,
Grafton
,
Speed
He
called
where
among
other
things
it
was
enacted
,
That
should
hold
and
firmly
keep
the
Laws
of
late
King
Easter
.
Apud
CONCILIO
CONGREGATO
Matthew
Westminster
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Hoveden
Simeon
Dunelmensis
especially
of
his
Queen
he
placed
Monks
in
the
Monastery
of
Matthew
Westminster
Edward
Cook
King
Cnute
decretum
fuit
,
Quod
Monaste
Matthew
Westminster
,
Wigorniensis
,
Hoveden
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
CONCILIUM
,
ET
MAGNUM
CONCILIUM
of
his
Bishops
and
Barons
(
c
Henry
Spelman
Edward
Cook
Henry
Spelman
Wigorniensis
,
Matthew
Westminster
,
Hoveden
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
Matt.
Westminster
Matthew
Parker
aliis
Episcopis
ipsorum
Suffraganeis
Edward
Cooke
and
Nobles
Edward
Cooke
St.
Edmond
Lords
House
Spurious
Antiquity
Edward
Cooke
banished
Duke
Turkell
England
.
Turkell
Oxoniam
celebrato
,
de
Legibus
Regi
lingua
in
quàm
in
à
Rege
praefato
observari
jubentur
Mat.
Westminster
Queen
Emma
to
reconcile
all
the
English
to
himself
he
bestowed
many
Gifts
upon
them
,
bonas
Leges
omnibus
et
placentes
promisit
:
and
moreover
promised
good
and
pleasing
Lawes
to
all
.
Comitatum
Duci
,
sibi
laudem
paraverunt
,
Malmsbury
;
Cnute
et
superstitiosas
idem
sanctus
Rex
praedicando
,
docendo
,
evangelizando
,
statuendo
evacuaret
.
Edmond
Ironsides
Mat.
Westminster
Cnute
,
Anno
John
,
That
the
English
School
should
be
frée
from
Tribute
.
many
nnjust
Tolls
and
Taxes
Peter
,
a
reformation
both
of
his
life
and
manners
.
Archbishops
of
Canterbury
Yorke
,
all
the
Bishops
,
Nobles
,
and
Rulers
,
and
to
the
whole
English
Nation
,
Emp.
of
Germany
a
release
of
all
unjust
Tolls
and
Taxes
exacted
of
his
people
as
they
travelled
out
of
devotion
towards
and
of
the
vast
sums
of
money
which
the
Archbishops
paid
to
the
Pope
for
their
Palls
.
That
he
had
vowed
to
justify
his
life
to
God
himself
in
all
things
;
To
govern
the
Kingdoms
and
Nations
under
his
subjection
justly
and
piously
;
To
observe
just
judgement
in
all
things
;
and
if
through
the
Intemperance
or
negligence
of
his
youth
he
had
hitherto
done
any
things
besides
that
which
was
JUST
,
that
he
promised
by
Gods
assistance
to
reform
it
all
.
Therefore
I
obtest
and
command
all
my
Counsellors
,
to
whom
I
have
committed
the
Counsels
and
Justice
of
my
Realm
,
that
by
no
means
,
either
for
fear
of
me
,
or
through
favour
to
any
potent
person
,
they
should
from
henceforth
doe
any
Injustice
,
or
cause
it
to
sprout
up
in
all
my
kingdom
.
Likewise
I
command
all
the
Sheriffs
and
Officers
throughout
my
Realm
,
as
they
desire
to
enjoy
my
favour
or
their
own
safety
,
No
unjust
violence
to
any
Man
,
neither
to
rich
nor
poor
;
but
it
shall
be
lawfull
for
all
,
as
well
Noble
as
Ignoble
to
enjoy
justice
and
right
:
from
which
they
might
not
deviate
in
any
manner
,
neither
for
Regal
favour
,
nor
for
the
person
of
any
potent
man
,
nec
propter
mihi
congerendam
pecuniam
,
quia
nulla
mihi
necessitas
est
,
ut
iniqua
exactione
pecunia
mihi
congeratur
;
nor
yet
for
raising
o●●e●ping
up
money
to
me
:
Because
there
is
no
necessity
for
me
that
money
should
be
raised
and
collected
for
my
use
by
an
injust
exaction
.
To
pay
all
Debts
and
Duties
due
by
the
antient
Law
;
as
Tithes
of
their
corn
and
cattel
,
Peter
pence
,
and
First
fruits
at
the
Feasts
appointed
,
under
pain
of
the
penalties
inflicted
by
the
Laws
,
which
he
would
strictly
exact
without
pardon
:
Malmsbury
)
for
he
commanded
all
the
Laws
made
by
antient
Kings
,
and
especially
by
his
predecessor
King
to
be
for
ever
observed
,
under
pain
of
a
regal
mulct
.
To
the
custody
of
all
which
ancient
Laws
,
Even
now
our
Kings
are
sworn
,
under
the
name
of
King
Edwards
Lawes
,
non
quod
illa
statuerit
,
sed
observaverit
.
Matthew
Westminster
William
Thorne
Croyland
.
Cum
King
Cnute
William
Thorn
Venerando
Sapientum
ejus
Eonsilio
to
the
praise
of
God
,
the
honour
of
his
Regality
,
and
common
good
of
the
People
,
in
exilio
Omnis
Injustitia
deinceps
opprimatur
Non
est
in
aliquo
tempore
concessa
Si
quis
laga
;
in
suae
reus
sit
erga
Rogem
Military
Laws
Civil
&
Ecclesiastical
Great
Councils
Chronicle
of
Bromton
Regni
sui
Magnatibus
confirmavit
Hornyng
,
Ludham
Durham
,
Christs-Church
(
t
England
,
Scotland
,
Norwey
the
flattery
of
his
followers
a
King
of
all
Kings
,
most
mighty
Soveraign
,
and
the
like
,
who
had
under
his
subjection
&
Dominion
not
only
the
People
and
Land
but
the
Sea
likewise
Tu
meae
ditionis
es
,
&c.
Thou
art
under
my
Dominion
and
part
of
my
Empire
,
and
the
land
on
which
I
fit
is
mine
,
neither
is
there
any
one
in
it
who
dares
resist
my
command
,
without
punishment
.
Therefore
I
now
command
thee
,
that
thou
ascend
and
come
not
up
upon
my
land
,
nor
yet
presume
to
wet
my
royal
robes
,
nor
the
feet
or
Members
of
thy
Soveraign
.
But
the
Sea
,
notwithstanding
this
Inhibition
,
ascending
after
its
accustomed
manner
and
nature
,
and
no
wayes
obeying
his
commands
,
wet
both
his
feet
,
legs
and
royal
Robes
,
without
any
revernce
.
L●t
all
the
Inhabitants
of
the
world
know
,
that
the
power
of
Kings
is
but.
vain
and
frivolous
,
and
that
no
man
is
worthy
the
name
of
a
King
,
but
he
alone
,
to
whose
beck
both
Heaven
,
Earth
and
the
Sea
obey
by
everlasting
Laws
.
Henry
de
Knyghton
I
am
a
Wretch
and
a
Captive
able
to
do
nothing
,
possessing
nothing
without
his
gift
;
I
commend
;
I
recommend
my self
to
him
,
and
let
him
be
the
Gardian
of
debility
,
Amen
.
to
the
praise
of
the
great
King
,
Henry
de
Knyghton
Wigorniensis
,
Hoveden
Shaftesbury
,
November
Convenerunt
apud
Oxoniam
ad
Colloquium
Mat.
Westm.
All
the
Nobles
of
the
Realm
assembled
in
a
great
Parliamentary
Council
or
Court
at
that
they
might
consult
about
the
electiction
of
a
New
King
Godwin
Earl
of
Kent
Queen
Emma
Normandy
.
After
great
strife
and
debate
between
the
Nobles
about
the
Election
,
Normandy
,
Harolds
Canterbury
,
though
at
first
he
was
very
unwilling
to
perform
that
service
.
that
he
having
the
regal
Scepter
and
Crown
in
his
custody
,
refused
with
an
Oath
to
consecrate
any
other
for
King
,
so
long
as
Queen
her
children
were
living
;
for
committed
them
to
my
trust
and
assurance
,
and
to
them
will
I
give
my
faith
and
allegiance
.
This
Scepter
and
Crown
therefore
I
here
lay
down
upon
the
Altar
,
neither
do
I
deny
nor
deliver
them
to
you
;
but
I
require
by
the
Apostolick
Authority
,
all
Bishops
,
that
none
of
them
presume
to
take
the
same
away
,
neither
that
they
consecrate
him
King
therewith
;
as
for
your self
,
if
you
dare
,
you
may
usurp
that
which
I
have
committed
to
God
on
this
Table
.
Notwithstanding
this
great
thunderclap
being
allayed
with
the
showers
of
Golden
promises
of
his
just
,
good
,
and
religious
government
intended
he
was
crowned
by
him
Henry
Huntindon
That
they
elected
him
King
,
only
to
keep
the
kingdom
for
his
Brother
then
in
Qneen
Emma
Harde
Cnute
Roger
Hoveden
being
elected
King
by
the
consent
of
the
major
part
of
the
Nobles
of
England
,
obtained
the
royal
dignity
,
and
began
to
reign
,
quia
justus
haeres
,
because
he
was
a
lawfull
heir
Cnute
,
quia
justior
haeres
expectabatur
Harde
Cnutus
,
Harde
Cnute
Matthew
Westminster
,
Ranulphus
Cistrensis
nine
of
them
were
always
beheaded
,
but
the
tenth
dismissed
,
and
his
life
reserved
for
a
time
:
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Roger
de
Hoveden
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Radulphus
de
Diceto
,
Encomium
Emmae
occasions
of
danger
against
him
,
might
at
once
for
all
be
cut
off
.
Henry
Huntindon
Chronicle
of
Bromton
,
William
Caxton
Earls
and
Barons
England
;
and
to
this
the
Earls
and
Barons
made
their
Oath
.
Edward
the
Outlaw
,
Ironsides
England
,
That
had
brought
over
too
great
a
company
of
Normans
with
him
,
and
had
likewise
promised
the
lands
of
the
Englishmen
to
them
,
and
therefore
it
would
not
be
safe
to
instirpate
such
a
valiant
and
crafty
Nation
amongst
them
.
That
these
ought
to
undergoe
exemplary
punishment
,
lest
others
by
reason
of
their
alliance
to
the
King
,
should
presume
to
intrude
themselves
amongst
the
English
.
Guild-down
,
Godwin
Alfred
,
Look
round
about
thee
on
thy
right
hand
and
left
,
and
behold
what
a
kingdom
shall
be
subjugated
to
thy
Dominion
.
He
would
constitute
such
Laws
as
should
be
pleasing
and
acceptable
both
to
God
and
Man
.
through
the
false
Treason
of
Godwin
,
against
their
wills
,
t●…ey
were
wonderfull
●orrow
●ll
and
wroth
,
and
swore
before
God
and
Man
,
that
he
should
die
a
worser
Death
than
did
Edric
,
which
destroyed
his
Lord
Edmond
Ironside
:
and
would
immediately
have
put
him
to
death
,
but
that
the
Traytor
fled
,
and
escaped
and
there
continued
4.
yeares
and
more
,
and
lost
all
his
Lands
,
Rents
,
Goods
and
Chattels
in
confiscated
in
the
mean
time
for
this
his
Treason
.
John
Fox
to
be
the
cause
why
the
justice
of
God
did
shortly
after
avenge
the
quarrel
of
these
Normans
For
so
just
and
right
it
was
,
that
as
the
Normans
coming
with
a
natural
English
Prince
,
were
murdered
of
English
men
;
so
afterwards
the
Englishmen
should
be
slain
and
conquered
by
the
Normans
,
coming
with
a
forein
King
,
being
none
of
their
natural
Country
.
Northumbrians
,
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Hoveden
,
Bromton
,
Radulphus
de
Diceto
,
In
his
dayes
there
were
rendred
and
paid
to
16
Ships
from
every
Port
marks
of
Silver
,
as
in
the
time
of
his
Father
Henry
Huntindon
John
Speed
seeing
his
hazards
prevented
,
sought
to
secure
himself
,
and
with
16
Ships
of
the
Fleet
kept
the
Seas
,
which
continued
ever
in
a
readiness
and
wafted
from
port
to
port
:
to
the
maintenance
whereof
,
he
charged
the
English
with
great
payments
,
to
their
no
little
grudge
and
reviling
;
whereby
he
lost
the
love
of
his
Subjects
before
it
had
taken
root
in
their
hearts
.
Neither
held
he
long
those
disloyal
courses
,
for
that
his
speedy
death
did
cut
off
the
infamy
of
a
longer
life
,
he
dying
at
where
he
was
elected
King
,
without
wife
or
children
to
survive
his
person
,
or
revive
his
name
,
when
he
had
reigned
only
4.
years
,
and
as
many
moneths
,
England
,
and
to
take
possession
of
the
Crown
thereof
.
England
with
furnished
with
Danish
Souldiers
and
Mariners
elected
King
both
by
the
English
and
Danes
,
his
head
to
be
cut
off
by
the
hangman
,
an
Oath
of
Purgation
That
Prince
eyes
were
not
put
out
,
nor
he
murdered
(
as
aforesaid
)
by
his
Counsel
or
consent
,
but
what
was
done
therein
,
was
only
by
the
command
of
King
which
he
durst
not
resist
Clements
Danes
Containing
a
of
all
the
that
concern
the
of
the
under
the
reign
of
from
the
year
of
our
Lord
1042.
to
1066.
wherein
he
died
.
June
Anno
Earls
and
Barons
Great
Council
Acts
and
Monum
.
vol.
1.
p.
Hist.
p.
saepi●…
acceperunt
&
that
especially
for
the
contempts
which
the
English
had
very
often
received
from
the
Danes
.
For
if
a
Dane
had
met
an
Englishmen
upon
any
bridge
,
the
Englishman
must
not
be
so
hardy
to
move
a
foot
,
but
stand
st●ll
till
the
Dane
was
passed
quite
over
it
.
And
moreover
,
if
the
Englishmen
had
not
b●wed
down
their
heads
to
doe
reverence
to
the
Danes
,
they
should
presently
have
undergone
great
punishments
and
stripes
.
Whereupon
being
dead
,
the
rising
up
against
them
,
drove
all
the
Danes
,
being
then
without
a
King
and
Captaine
,
out
of
the
Realm
of
who
speedily
qu●tting
the
land
,
never
returned
into
it
afterwards
.
Ethelred
,
Edmund
Ironside
renounce
,
cast
off
,
and
abjure
their
regall
Posterity
,
incapable
of
the
Crowne
of
England
,
and
settle
the
inheritance
▪
of
it
upon
him
and
his
Danish
blood
.
one
day
or
year
may
bring
forth
.
all
the
Danes
in
execution
Fox
,
Speed
,
Caxtons
turned
the
m●●t
of
all
the
Castles
,
Forts
,
Garrisons
,
Cities
,
Villages
throughout
Noble
blood
Hist.
l.
6.
p.
vol.
1.
p.
p.
410.
Propos.
Danish
Kings
Harde
Cnute
Ethelred
)
for
their
King
Mat.
Westminster
to
come
over
and
take
peaceable
possession
of
the
Kingdome
of
England
,
they
having
chosen
him
for
their
King
,
advising
him
to
bring
with
him
as
few
Normans
as
he
could
,
and
they
would
most
faithfully
establish
him
in
the
throne
.
Edward
,
l.
2.
c.
oath
given
Londoniam
▪
the
unanimous
consent
of
the
Archbishops
,
Bishops
,
Nobles
,
Clergie
and
people
of
England
,
great
joy
and
content
Hen.
Huntind
Joh.
Bromton
H.
de
Knyghton
in
the
life
of
king
The
Realm
of
England
is
Gods
Kingdome
,
and
he
himself
shall
provide
Kings
,
or
a
King
for
himself
,
according
to
his
good
pleasure
.
King
Edwards
Abbot
Ailreds
Cum
igitur
gloriosus
Rex
ex
filia
praeclarissimi
comitis
materna
conclusus
utrique
praefertur
agente
magnus
plebis
vulgique
concursus
&
inusitato
miracul●
Inter
preces
tandem
&
lachrim
as
fatigatum
Prince
Edward
Aurelius
Ambrosius
Chronecle
of
Brompton
William
Caxton
part.
2.
●h.
6.
sect.
My
Lord
and
King
,
,
saving
your
Revereno●
,
and
Grace
,
Peace
,
&
Lordship
,
I
never
betrayed
,
nor
yet
slew
your
Brother
:
whence
I
put
my self
upon
the
consideration
and
judgement
of
your
Court
concerning
this
matter
.
Most
dear
Lords
,
Earls
and
Barons
of
the
land
,
who
are
my
Liege
men
now
here
assembled
,
you
have
heard
both
my
appeale
and
I
will
between
us
in
this
appeale
you
award
right
Judgement
and
do
due
Justice
.
Hereupon
the
Earls
and
Barons
debating
upon
this
businesse
among
themselves
,
some
among
them
were
different
in
their
opinions
from
others
in
doing
just
judgement
herein
.
For
some
said
,
that
was
never
obliged
to
the
King
,
Caxton
)
by
homage
,
service
,
or
fealty
;
and
therefore
and
that
he
had
not
slain
with
his
own
hands
.
But
others
said
,
That
neither
the
Earl
nor
any
Baron
,
nor
any
Subject
to
the
King
,
could
by
the
Law
wage
Battel
against
the
King
in
his
Appeal
,
but
ought
wholy
to
but
himself
in
his
mercy
,
and
to
offer
him
competent
amends
.
Then
Earl
of
Caxton
)
a
good
man
towards
God
and
the
world
,
spake
and
said
:
The
Earl
after
the
King
,
is
a
man
of
the
best
parentage
of
all
England
;
and
he
cannot
deny
but
that
the
Kings
Brother
was
slain
;
wherefore
I
award
as
touching
my
part
,
that
himself
and
his
son
,
and
every
of
us
,
the
twelve
Earls
who
are
his
friends
and
kinsmen
should
go
humbly
before
the
King
laden
with
as
much
gold
and
silver
as
every
of
us
can
carry
between
his
arms
,
offering
that
to
him
for
his
trespasse
,
and
submissively
deprecating
,
that
he
would
pardon
all
his
rancour
and
ill-will
to
the
Earle
,
and
receiving
his
homage
and
feal●y
,
he
would
restore
and
redeliver
his
lands
intirely
to
him
;
Vnto
which
award
they
all
laded
themselves
with
treasure
in
the
manner
aforesaid
,
and
going
to
the
King
,
declared
unto
him
the
order
and
manner
of
their
The
King
not
willing
to
contradict
them
in
any
thing
they
had
judged
,
ratified
the
same
in
all
things
.
An
agreement
therefore
being
made
between
them
in
this
manner
,
the
Earl
presently
regained
all
his
lands
.
that
he
never
consented
to
his
death
elected
King
,
principally
by
the
help
and
counsel
of
Earle
perswaded
him
to
accept
the
Crown
,
precontracted
with
him
before
he
came
into
King
Edward
the
third
In
his
Epistles
to
Edward
,
Anno
Godwin
,
Siward
King
Edward
Osgodus
Clapa
&
others
.
Propos.
Denmark
Anno
Navy
to
him
against
Magnus
to
send
him
at
least
fifty
ships
furnished
with
souldiers
:
Sed
quia
id
non
videbatur
consilium
,
&
nullum
ei
mittere
voluit
Leofric
and
all
the
people
Harold
Harvager
Norwey
,
Anno
Kings
Court
That
seeing
Abbot
and
his
Monks
did
not
serve
God
and
S.
from
that
time
forwards
in
that
place
(
where
the
old
Monastery
stood
)
that
they
ought
not
from
henceforth
to
enjoy
the
said
Manour
.
Acceptatum
est
hoc
A
multis
itaque
annis
retroactis
(
a
non
ejus
scientia
,
sed
per
Walter
Mapaeus
He
caused
a
young
Nephew
of
his
feigning
himself
sick
,
to
lie
so
long
in
the
Nunnery
till
he
left
the
Abbesse
and
all
her
Nunnes
great
with
child
:
and
then
complaining
of
,
&
proving
this
their
incontinency
before
the
King
,
ejected
the
Abbesse
and
Nunnes
,
and
gained
the
Nunnery
and
Manour
of
to
himself
,
worth
Edward
,
Anno
(
c
Danish
Intruders
he
vowed
a
solemn
pilgrimage
to
Rome
,
there
to
render
humble
thanks
and
gifts
to
God
for
this
signall
mercy
.
he
assembled
all
the
Nobles
and
Prelates
of
the
Realm
in
a
Parliamentary
Council
,
acquainting
them
with
this
his
vow
and
intended
pilgrimage
,
and
craving
their
advice
,
how
the
Realme
might
be
justly
governed
,
preserved
in
peace
,
and
defended
in
his
absence
,
till
his
returne
from
Rome
.
would
by
no
meanes
permit
him
to
undertake
this
pilgrimage
,
but
disswaded
him
from
it
;
and
by
common
consent
at
last
agreed
to
send
solemn
Ambassadours
from
the
King
and
them
to
the
Pope
,
to
represent
the
incenveniences
and
perils
that
might
befall
the
Realm
by
his
absence
from
it
,
and
thereupon
to
procure
a
dispensation
from
this
his
vow
and
pilgrimage
.
that
the
King
should
distribute
to
the
poore
all
the
expences
he
had
provided
for
his
journey
,
and
should
either
build
a
new
,
or
repaire
an
old
Monastery
,
in
honour
of
the
Prince
of
the
Apostles
,
and
endow
it
with
sufficient
revenues
to
maintain
the
Monks
;
confirming
by
his
Apostolicall
Authority
all
the
lands
or
revenues
which
the
King
or
any
other
should
conferre
upon
that
Monastery
,
and
whatever
priviledges
he
would
think
fit
to
grant
thereunto
,
pertaining
to
the
honour
of
God
and
denouncing
an
eternall
malediction
against
the
infringers
of
them
.
that
the
place
called
should
be
restored
The
King
by
the
advice
of
the
whole
Realme
rebuilt
the
foresaid
place
,
and
endowed
and
enlarged
it
with
very
ample
possessions
,
rents
and
liberties
.
Wintoniensis
Hermannus
to
repaire
and
endow
the
Abbey
of
Westminster
,
Ea
igitur
die
,
loco
●odē
,
York
,
Guiso
Absolving
and
exempting
the
Abby
from
all
episcopal
service
,
exaction
,
Dominion
&
Jurisdictior
,
ratifying
all
their
lands
and
liberties
,
d●nouncing
a
perpetuall
Anathema
against
the
invaders
,
diminishers
,
dispersers
,
or
sellers
of
them
,
with
the
Traytor
From
the
heavy
tribute
or
Danegeld
,
Florentius
Wigorniensis
Simeon
Dunelmensis
Danicos
solidarios
solvi
mandavit
Roger
de
Hunedon
Ailredus
Abbas
Rievallis
Matthew
Westminster
This
King
discharged
English
men
of
the
great
and
most
heavy
Tribute
called
Danegeld
,
which
his
Father
had
made
them
pay
to
the
Souldiers
of
Denmark
,
and
had
then
dured
40.
years
,
So
that
after
that
day
it
was
no
more
gathered
.
Abbot
Iuguphus
.
Devils
dancing
upon
this
Mony
Roger
de
Honeden
Capgrave
,
Surius
,
Ribadeniera
King
Edward
the
Confessor
any
early
Tribute
to
pay
his
Army
.
Edward
the
Confessor
:
the
black
Book
of
the
Exchequor
Henry
Spelman
Title
Danegold
Edward
the
Confessor
l.
2.
p.
13.
p.
William
of
Malmsburies
That
King
with
the
touch
of
his
hand
,
did
miraculously
cure
sundry
persons
of
the
luxuriant
humours
and
swellings
about
the
neck
,
(
commonly
called
the
Kings
Evill
)
which
cure
in
after
ages
some
falsly
ascribed
,
non
ex
sanctitate
,
sed
ex
regalis
prosapiae
haereditate
●●uxisse
,
not
to
have
issued
from
his
sanct●tie
,
but
from
his
hereditary
royall
bloud
.
Robert
Gemeticensis
Malmsbury
,
Roger
de
Hoveden
,
Matthew
Westminster
,
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Bromton
,
Hygden
,
Henry
de
Knighton
,
Fabram
,
Graston
,
Holmshed
,
Speed
,
General
Stream
of
the
Townsmen
slew
divers
men
and
women
of
the
Town
,
and
trode
their
children
under
their
own
,
&
horses
feet
.
Earle
Godwin
that
sentence
ought
not
to
be
pronounced
upon
the
hearing
of
the
allegations
of
one
part
only
without
hearing
the
other
,
that
all
Aliens
should
find
such
extraordinary
favour
with
the
King
,
he
would
shew
friendship
to
his
own
Countreymen
.
It
were
reasonable
and
just
,
that
before
any
execution
done
,
the
the
Wardeins
of
Dover
Castle
,
should
be
summoned
into
that
Kings
Court
,
in
a
fair
manner
,
to
answer
this
tumult
;
and
if
they
could
excuse
themselves
,
that
then
they
should
be
dismissed
without
harms
;
or
if
not
,
that
then
they
should
satisfy
the
King
,
whose
peace
they
had
broken
,
and
the
Earl
whom
they
had
offended
,
with
money
,
or
the
forfeiture
of
their
bodies
and
goods
.
Iniquum
videri
,
ut
quos
tutari
debeas
,
eos
ipse
potissimum
inauditos
adjudices
.
Parliamentary
assembly
Earle
Syward
Mercia
,
Omnibus
Anglorum
Nobiles
,
and
all
the
English
Nobility
at
that
time
thought
it
not
safe
for
them
to
come
thither
without
an
armed
Guard
:
that
they
had
therefore
gathered
an
Army
together
out
of
Kent
,
Surry
,
Yorkshire
,
Oxfordshire
,
Glocestershire
,
Somersetshire
,
Herfordshire
,
Essex
,
Notinghamshire
and
other
parts
,
that
they
might
curbe
the
Welshmen
,
who
meditating
Tyranny
,
and
Rebellion
against
the
King
,
had
fortified
a
Town
in
Herefordshire
,
where
one
of
the
Earl
Sonnes
then
pretended
to
keep
watch
and
ward
against
them
.
the
forces
they
could
raise
Matthew
Westminster
That
he
would
not
deliver
up
to
him
;
commanding
moreover
;
Vt
qui
A
CONSPIRACY
Earl
Leofric
wage
war
with
their
own
Countrymen
:
That
hostages
being
given
on
both
sides
,
the
King
and
should
meet
at
on
a
certain
day
,
to
plead
together
A
COVNCEL
Trevisa
,
Speed
should
be
assembled
at
London
.
Swane
wage
war
against
the
King
:
so
,
ad
Curiam
ejus
venire
Juri
parituri
negabant
,
That
they
would
not
goe
to
a
Conventicle
offactious
persons
,
without
pledges
and
host
ages
;
that
they
would
obey
their
Lord
in
the
surrender
of
all
their
Knights
services
,
and
in
all
things
else
,
without
the
perill
of
their
honour
and
safety
.
That
if
they
came
thither
unarmed
,
they
might
fear
the
losse
of
life
;
if
with
a
few
followers
,
it
would
be
a
reproach
to
their
honour
.
come
unto
his
Court
to
justify
themselves
,
Rex
in
suo
Concilio
communi
Curiae
suae
judicio
;
by
the
common
judgement
of
his
Court
,
Et
omnis
exercitus
unanimi
consensu
banished
Godwin
himself
and
his
five
Sons
out
of
Decree
&
Proclamation
that
within
five
dayes
they
should
depart
England
,
Godwin
Swane
,
Gurth
William
Duke
of
Normandy
King
Edward
(
In
Parliamento
Pleno
,
King
Edward
Kent
,
Essex
,
Sussex
To
live
and
dye
with
Godwin
:
to
come
with
all
speed
to
his
assistance
endeavored
to
make
a
firme
peace
and
reconciliation
between
the
King
and
Godwin
,
and
commanded
the
Armies
and
Navies
to
forbear
fighting
.
Godwin
for
his
keeping
of
the
peace
and
future
loyaltie
to
him
King
and
Nobles
omni
populo
bonas
Leges
&
rectam
justitiam
promiserunt
,
promised
good
Laws
,
and
right
Justiceto
all
the
people
Canterbury
,
William
London
,
Vlfe
Dorchester
,
and
all
the
other
Normans
,
had
invented
unjust
laws
,
and
pronounced
unjust
judgements
against
them
,
out
of
all
the
former
British
and
Saxon
Laws
,
by
Order
of
his
Wisemen
,
compiled
an
universal
common
Law
,
for
all
the
people
throughout
the
whole
Realm
,
which
were
called
King
Laws
,
being
so
just
and
equal
,
and
so
securing
the
profit
and
wealth
of
all
estates
,
that
the
people
long
after
,
did
rebel
against
their
Lords
and
Rulers
,
to
have
the
same
Laws
again
,
when
suspended
,
or
taken
from
them
,
or
dis-used
:
and
prescribed
this
Oath
to
the
Conquerour
himself
,
and
every
of
our
Kings
since
,
SIR
,
will
you
grant
and
keep
,
and
by
your
Dath
confirm
to
the
people
of
England
,
the
Laws
and
Customs
granted
to
them
by
antient
Kings
of
rightfull
men
,
and
devout
towards
God
,
&
namely
the
Laws
and
Customs
,
and
Franchises
granted
to
the
Clergy
,
and
to
the
Peopie
by
the
glorious
King
Edward
;
to
your
power
?
I
will
doe
it
his
Wisemens
Edward
Cooke
Spurious
Antiquity
Levellers
levelled
Titles
of
honour
Bastard
Treatise
Antient
Record
Edward
Cooke
Henry
de
Knyghton
Coronation
,
Consilto
Baronum
,
et
caeterorum
Regni
,
received
,
established
,
and
confirmed
Proposit
,
5
,
6.
the
good
Laws
,
which
for
68
years
lay
as
it
were
asleep
,
among
the
sleepers
,
and
buried
in
Oblivion
These
Laws
are
called
,
the
Laws
of
St.
not
because
he
had
first
invented
them
,
but
because
they
being
as
it
were
put
under
a
Bushel
,
and
laid
in
oblivion
from
the
time
of
his
Grandfather
King
he
put
to
his
hand
,
first
to
find
them
out
,
and
then
to
establish
them
.
Roger
Hoveden
Lex
sancti
Regis
Edwardi
This
holy
King
Leges
communes
Anglorem
genti
tempore
suo
ordinavit
,
ordained
common
Laws
in
his
time
for
the
English
Nation
,
because
the
Laws
promulged
in
former
times
were
over-partial
:
For
first
of
all
set
forth
Laws
in
whose
Laws
were
called
sufficiently
famous
,
until
the
times
of
King
amongst
which
he
ordained
After
which
Queen
of
the
Wife
of
(
from
whom
the
Provinces
of
the
is
thought
to
be
denonated
)
publish
da
Law
full
of
discretion
and
justice
,
which
is
called
Law
:
These
two
Laws
the
Historian
translated
out
of
the
into
the
tongue
;
and
so
it
was
afterwards
commonly
called
Merchenelaga
,
that
is
,
by
which
Law
8
Counties
were
formerly
judged
,
namely
After
these
there
was
superadded
a
Law
,
written
in
the
tongue
,
by
King
of
to
which
King
of
the
afterwards
superadded
the
Law
,
which
was
stiled
West-Saxenelega
,
that
is
,
By
which
Law
in
antient
times
,
the
9
Southern
Counties
,
divided
by
the
River
of
from
the
rest
of
were
judged
;
namely
At
length
the
dominering
in
the
Land
,
a
third
Law
sprang
up
,
which
was
called
Danelega
,
that
is
,
by
which
Law
heretofore
the
15
Eastern
and
Northern
Counties
were
judged
,
to
wit
,
which
County
of
heretofore
contained
all
from
the
water
of
to
the
River
of
which
is
the
beginning
of
and
is
now
divided
into
six
Shires
.
Now
out
of
the
foresaid
three
Laws
,
this
King
set
forth
one
common
Law
,
which
even
to
this
day
is
called
the
Law
of
Edward
.
John
Fox
Acts
and
Monuments
,
vol.
1.
p.
213
,
214.
Samuel
Daniel
England
,
p.
22.
John
Speed
Britain
,
p.
410.
Fabian
,
Holinshed
,
Caxton
,
Grafton
,
annexed
in
some
Manuscripts
Leges
aequissimi
Regis
Edwardi
Roger
de
Hoveden
Annalium
pars
posterior
,
p.
Archaion
,
Henry
de
Knyghton
de
Eventibus
Angliae
,
l.
2.
c.
4.
Spelmanni
Concili
.
p.
Iohn
Selden
,
ad
Eadmerum
&
Notae
,
&
Spicelegium
,
p.
Iohn
Fox
Acts
and
Monuments
,
vol.
1.
p.
That
not
only
all
Clerks
and
Clergy
men
,
but
all
other
persons
shall
enjoy
the
peace
of
God
and
the
Church
,
free
from
all
assaults
,
arrests
,
and
other
disturbances
whatsoever
,
both
on
Lords-days
,
Solemn
Festivals
,
and
other
times
of
publike
Church
meetings
,
both
in
going
to
,
continuing
at
,
and
returning
from
the
Church
,
and
publike
duties
of
Gods
worship
;
or
to
Synods
,
and
Chapters
,
to
which
they
are
either
summoned
,
or
where
they
have
any
business
requiring
their
personal
presence
Quakers
,
Anabaptists
Breakers
of
the
Peace
Coronation
Oaths
To
keep
to
God
and
holy
Church
,
to
the
Clergy
,
and
to
the
People
Peace
and
Concord
entirely
,
according
to
their
power
,
And
to
grant
,
keep
,
and
confirm
the
Laws
,
Customs
,
and
Franchises
granted
by
the
glorious
King
Tithes
to
God
and
his
Ministers
,
Iustitia
enim
est
,
ut
Deus
Hoveden
,
Knyghton
,
Lambard
William
Rufus
The
King
,
because
he
is
the
Vicar
of
the
highest
King
,
is
constituted
for
this
end
,
that
he
may
rule
the
earthly
kingdom
and
the
Lords
people
,
and
above
all
things
,
that
he
may
reverence
his
holy
Church
,
and
defend
it
from
injuries
,
pluck
away
evildoers
from
it
,
and
utterly
to
destroy
and
disperse
them
;
Which
unless
he
shall
doe
,
the
name
of
a
King
agreeth
not
unto
him
,
the
Prophet
he
loseth
the
name
of
a
King
,
who
dischargeth
not
the
duty
of
a
King
.
his
Son
,
being
not
yet
Kings
,
but
Princes
under
the
French
King
,
hearing
this
definitive
Sentence
,
as
well
truly
as
prudently
pronounced
concerning
the
name
of
a
King
,
by
the
bastard
King
of
foolishly
writ
to
demanding
this
question
of
him
That
it
is
convenient
to
call
them
Kings
,
who
do
watch
over
,
defend
,
and
govern
the
Church
of
God
and
his
people
,
David
the
Psalmograph
saying
Mr.
Fox
Knyghton
,
)
Moreover
,
the
King
by
his
right
and
by
his
Office
,
ought
to
defend
and
conserve
fully
and
wholly
in
all
ampleness
,
without
diminution
,
all
the
Lands
,
Honours
,
Dignities
,
Rights
and
Liberties
of
the
Crown
of
his
Kingdom
.
And
further
,
to
reduce
into
their
pristine
state
,
all
such
things
as
have
been
dispersed
,
wasted
and
lost
,
which
appertain
to
his
kingdom
.
Also
the
whole
and
universal
Land
,
with
all
Ilands
about
the
same
in
be
appertaining
to
the
Crown
of
his
kingdom
,
and
be
of
the
appurtenances
and
dignity
of
the
King
,
making
one
Monarchy
,
and
one
Kingdom
;
which
sometimes
was
called
the
Kingdom
of
and
now
the
Kingdom
of
such
bounds
and
limits
as
is
abovesaid
,
be
appointed
and
limited
to
the
name
of
this
kingdom
,
A
King
,
above
all
things
,
ought
to
fear
God
,
to
love
and
observe
his
commandements
,
and
cause
them
to
be
observed
through
his
whole
kingdom
.
He
ought
also
to
keep
,
cherish
,
maintain
and
govern
the
holy
Church
within
his
kingdom
with
all
integrity
and
Liberty
,
according
to
the
constitution
of
his
ancestors
and
predecessors
,
and
to
defend
the
same
against
all
Enemies
,
so
that
God
above
all
things
be
honoured
,
and
ever
before
▪
his
eyes
.
He
ought
also
to
set
up
Good
Laws
and
Customs
,
such
as
be
wholesom
and
approved
:
Such
as
be
otherwise
,
to
repeal
them
,
and
thrust
them
out
of
his
kingdom
.
Item
,
he
ought
to
doe
Iudgement
and
Iustice
in
his
kingdom
,
by
the
counsel
of
his
Realm
.
All
these
things
ought
a
King
in
his
own
person
to
do
,
taking
his
Oath
upon
the
Evangelist
,
swearing
in
the
presence
of
the
whole
State
of
the
Realm
(
as
well
of
the
Temporalty
as
of
the
Spiritualty
)
before
he
be
crowned
of
the
Archbishops
and
Bishops
.
Three
Servants
the
King
ought
to
have
under
his
feet
as
Vassals
,
Fleshly
Lust
,
Avarice
,
and
Greedy
desire
;
whom
if
he
keep
under
as
his
Seruants
and
Slaves
,
he
shall
reign
well
and
honourably
in
his
Kingdom
.
All
things
are
to
be
done
with
good
advisement
and
premeditation
:
and
that
properly
belongeth
to
a
King
.
For
hasty
rashness
bringeth
all
things
to
ruine
,
according
to
the
saying
of
the
Gospel
:
Matthew
Parker
Earl
Godwin
marginal
Historians
Abbot
Ailred
he
banished
out
of
the
land
almost
all
the
Kings
kinred
and
friends
,
whom
he
had
either
brought
with
him
,
or
called
out
of
as
well
Bishops
as
Clerks
,
and
Laymen
of
other
dignities
:
believing
that
all
things
would
succeed
according
to
his
desires
,
if
the
King
deprived
of
all
his
friends
,
should
make
use
only
of
his
Counsels
.
That
divine
Justice
would
at
some
time
or
other
revenge
so
great
malice
of
the
Earl
,
(
Harold
,
Godwins
that
one
foot
helped
the
other
,
Here
a
brother
helped
a
brother
,
So
is
a
Brother
helping
to
a
Brother
,
and
one
assisting
another
in
necessity
,
Thus
my
Brother
might
have
assisted
me
,
had
it
not
been
for
Treachery
,
who
would
not
permit
him
.
I
know
O
King
,
I
know
,
it
hath
been
often
reported
to
thee
,
that
I
have
sought
▪
to
betray
thee
;
and
that
thou
O
King
dost
as
yet
accuse
and
suspect
me
concerning
the
death
of
thy
Brother
neither
yet
doest
thou
think
that
those
are
to
be
discredited
,
who
call
me
either
his
or
thy
Traytor
,
or
betrayer
.
But
let
thy
God
who
is
true
and
just
,
and
knoweth
all
secrets
,
judge
between
us
;
and
let
him
never
suffer
this
piece
of
bread
I
now
hold
in
my
hand
,
to
pass
down
my
throat
without
choaking
me
,
if
I
be
guilty
of
any
Treason
at
all
against
thee
,
or
had
ever
so
much
as
a
thought
to
betray
thee
;
Or
,
if
I
be
guilty
of
thy
Brothers
death
;
or
if
ever
thy
brother
by
me
,
or
my
counsel
,
was
nearer
to
death
,
or
remoter
from
life
.
And
so
may
I
safely
swallow
down
this
morsel
of
bread
in
my
hand
,
as
I
am
guiltlesse
of
these
facts
.
Dragg
out
of
this
dog
,
this
Traytor
,
and
bury
him
in
the
high
way
,
for
he
is
unworthy
of
Christian
burial
.
Will
.
Malmsb.
Godwin
Harold
,
Swane
,
Wulnoth
,
Tosti
,
Girth
,
Leofwin
.
Harold
treacherous
against
his
King
Saracens
.
Tosti
Queen
Egitha
Edward
,
Godwin
,
because
he
would
not
ingender
heirs
to
succeed
him
in
the
royal
Throne
,
out
of
the
Race
and
séed
of
such
a
Traytor
,
What
a
shame
is
it
,
that
I
who
could
not
die
in
so
many
battels
and
warrs
,
should
be
reserved
to
die
with
disgrace
,
like
a
Cow
?
Wherefore
put
upon
me
my
impenetrable
coat
of
male
,
gird
me
with
my
sword
,
set
my
helmet
upon
my
head
,
put
my
buckler
in
my
left
hand
,
and
my
gilt
battel-ax
in
my
right
hand
,
that
being
the
strongest
of
all
Souldiers
,
I
may
die
like
a
Souldier
.
Thus
it
becomes
a
Souldier
to
die
,
and
not
lying
down
in
his
bed
like
an
Ox
Edward
,
Habito
Londoniae
Leofric
,
quia
de
Proditione
Regis
in
Concilio
convictus
fuerat
,
he
had
been
convicted
in
the
Council
of
Treason
against
the
King
,
Henry
Huntindon
,
Bromtons
Chronicle
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Hoveden
,
Henry
de
Knyghton
,
sine
culpa
,
without
any
crime
.
Earl
Ralph
out
of
all
England
Earl
Harold
Prince
Edward
Edmond
Ironside
Edgar
Athelin
Earl
Leofric
Godina
,
freed
the
City
of
Coventry
from
a
most
grievous
dishonest
servitude
,
and
heavy
Tribute
,
wherewith
he
had
formerly
oppressed
the
Citizens
,
That
his
Lady
should
ride
naked
through
the
street
of
the
City
from
the
one
end
of
the
market
to
the
other
,
when
the
people
were
there
assembled
exempted
the
Citizens
of
for
ever
from
many
payments
,
which
he
formerly
imposed
and
exacted
from
them
(t)
Algarus
was
banished
the
second
time
by
Kiag
That
they
would
thenceforth
pay
aTribute
to
K.
as
their
Soveraign
,
and
banish
their
King
out
off
their
King
pensa
obedienter
se
pensuros
responderunt
Wigorniensis
,
Hoveden
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
that
the
destruction
of
these
two
Brothers
was
now
near
at
hand
,
their
deadly
f●ud
was
not
long
to
be
deferred
.
that
if
they
had
seen
any
fair
Mannor
or
Mansion
place
,
they
would
procure
the
owner
thereof
to
be
slain
in
the
night
,
withall
his
posterity
and
kinred
,
that
so
they
might
get
possession
thereof
for
themselves
.
that
when
he
came
to
his
Farm
at
he
should
find
his
flesh
well
powdered
,
and
that
he
would
provide
him
sweetmeats
.
commanded
that
he
should
be
banished
for
this
detestable
wickedness
,
which
he
abhorred
.
injuste
acceperat
Lincolnshire
,
Nottinghamshire
Se
homines
liberè
natos
,
liberè
educatos
,
nullius
Ducis
ferociam
pati
posse
:
A
majoribus
didicisse
;
aut
Libertatem
,
aut
Mortem
,
&c.
That
they
being
men
freely
born
,
freely
educated
,
could
not
suffer
the
cruelty
of
any
Duke
.
That
they
had
learned
of
their
ancestors
,
either
to
enjoy
Liberty
,
or
death
.
Therefore
if
the
King
would
have
them
his
Subjects
,
he
must
set
another
Earl
over
them
;
even
who
had
had
experience
how
sweetly
they
knew
to
obey
,
if
they
were
sweetly
handled
.
Outlawed
,
together
with
all
those
who
had
incited
him
to
make
an
unjust
Law
,
and
impose
an
illegal
Tribute
upon
them
.
Harold
King
Edward
Edgar
Atheling
to
be
u●fit
for
the
royal
throne
,
tam
corde
,
quam
corpore
,
Duke
William
invincible
in
the
exercise
of
Arms
,
Iudex
justissiu●us
in
causarum
judicio
,
a
most
just
Judge
in
the
judging
of
causes
,
and
most
religious
and
most
devout
in
the
service
of
God
.
Robert
Archbishop
of
Canterbury
a
Latere
swore
,
that
he
would
conserve
the
Kingdom
of
for
Duke
after
the
Kings
death
that
he
would
take
the
daughter
of
for
his
wife
fundat
conscientiam
suam
regnum
William
of
Malmsbury
seoundi
,
quem
fratrem
fuisse
a
Rege
in
hoc
he
was
sent
by
the
King
into
that
what
lesser
Messengers
had
but
muttered
(
touching
his
Succession
to
the
Crown
of
he
might
perform
by
his
presence
there
voluntarily
of
his
own
accord
,
confirmed
to
him
the
Castle
of
which
belonged
to
him
of
right
,
and
the
Kingdom
of
after
King
(
Adeliza
Matthew
Westminster
a
Rege
conduceret
,
qnem
idem
Rex
Haeredem
sibi
constituere
cogitavit
Roger
de
Hoved.
Radulph
.
de
Diceto
Sim.
Dunel
Jo.
Bromton
do
what
he
pleased
of
himself
therein
:
That
he
should
swear
upon
them
,
that
he
would
actually
perform
all
things
which
they
had
agreed
between
them
.
Did
I
not
tell
thee
I
knew
and
that
many
mischiefs
might
happen
to
this
kingdom
in
thy
journey
;
I
foresee
in
this
thy
deed
,
that
great
calamities
will
come
upon
our
Nation
,
which
I
beseech
God
of
his
infinite
mercy
to
grant
,
that
they
may
not
happen
in
my
dayes
.
Whereby
it
may
be
athered
That
King
was
right
willing
that
Duke
should
reign
after
him
;
and
also
it
seemeth
not
unlike
,
but
that
he
had
given
him
his
promise
thereunto
before
.
Estigurt
,
Lefwin
Duke
of
to
succeed
him
in
the
Realm
a
valiant
,
warlike
,
and
stout
man
:
Who
afterwards
by
Gods
assistance
,
by
vanquishing
the
foresaid
son
of
victoriously
obtained
the
Realm
of
Normandy
,
&
de
Regno
eum
constituit
Haeredem
Thomas
of
Walsingham
statuens
illum
haeredem
Regni
Chronicon
Johannis
Bromton
Some
say
that
King
before
his
death
had
appointed
to
succeed
him
,
according
to
the
promise
which
the
said
King
had
made
him
when
he
was
a
young
man
living
in
that
he
should
succeed
him
in
the
Kingdom
;
concerning
which
,
as
some
write
,
be
had
sent
solemn
Messengers
to
him
into
Henry
de
Knyghton
Fabian
,
Caxton
,
Cambden
,
Holinshed
,
Grafton
,
Speed
,
Daniel
,
Stow
,
Vestegan
,
Matthew
Paris
Duke
of
Normandy
est
de
jure
Richard
Verstegan
Restitution
of
decayed
Antiquities
.
Matthew
Parker
,
Mr.
Seldens
Review
of
his
History
of
Tithes
Edgar
Atheling
advice
and
assent
of
all
his
Bishops
and
Nobles
Matthew
Westminster
quibus
nec
Deus
timori
est
should
be
an
habitation
of
strangers
,
and
a
Domination
of
Foreiners
,
because
a
little
space
after
,
scarce
any
Englishman
was
either
a
King
,
a
Duke
,
Bishop
,
or
Abbot
,
neither
was
there
any
hope
also
of
the
end
of
this
misety
.
Westminster
Abbey
royal
line
of
the
Saxon
Kings
ending
in
him
,
which
had
continued
from
the
first
King
of
the
West-Saxons
for
571.
years
,
without
interruption
,
except
by
some
Usurpers
,
who
for
the
Sins
of
the
English
reigned
for
some
years
over
them
,
with
rigour
,
The
Conquerour
claiming
the
Crown
by
Conquest
,
but
Title
.
a
vowed
virginity
Godwins
Trayterous
Matthew
Westminster
English
Nobility
Edgar
Atheling
Cui
de
Iure
debebatur
King
Edward
of
himself
and
his
kinred
and
friends
,
invaded
and
seized
upon
the
royal
Crown
,
and
then
presently
set
it
upon
his
own
head
,
crowning
himself
King
without
any
Title
,
Right
,
or
due
Election
by
the
Nobles
,
or
Coronation
by
the
Bishops
,
(
whereby
he
incurred
the
hatred
both
of
the
Prelates
and
Pope
;
)
and
then
extorted
allegeance
from
the
Nobles
Malmsbury
,
Matthew
Paris
,
Ingulphus
,
Henry
Huntindon
,
Matthew
Westminster
,
Bromton
,
Knyghton
,
Caxton
,
Mr.
Fox
,
Speed
,
Marianus
Scotus
,
Florent
.
Wigorniensis
,
Roger
de
Hoveden
,
Sim.
Dunelm
.
Radulfus
de
Diceto
,
Eadmerus
,
Hygden
,
Fabian
,
Grafton
,
before
his
death
,
made
him
not
only
his
General
,
but
Vice-roy
;
and
ordained
,
that
he
should
be
King
after
him
.
A
totius
Angliae
Primatibus
ad
regale
culmen
electus
,
he
was
elected
to
be
●ing
by
all
the
Nobles
of
and
solemnly
consecrated
and
crowned
King
by
Archbishop
of
Juxta
quod
ante
mortem
[l]
Eadmerus
William
of
Malmsbury
Rec●n●i
adhu●
regalis
funeris
luctu
Henry
Huntindon
successit
:
juxta
quod
idem
praemit●…ur
,
destinaverat
,
non
obstante
.
Abbot
Ailred
(p)
Tho.
Walsingham
John
Fox
John
Hayward
Richard
Baker
Iohn
Speed
.
Edgar
Athelings
Duke
William
French
King
or
order
from
the
States
,
to
set
the
Crown
on
his
own
head
,
Marianus
Scotus
,
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Huntindon
,
Hoveden
,
Sim.
Dunelmensis
,
Radulphus
de
Diceto
,
Hygden
,
Fabian
,
Grafton
,
Holinshed
,
Cambden
,
to
destroy
evil
Laws
and
Customs
before
used
:
and
stablished
just
and
good
Laws
John
Speed
He
remitted
or
diminished
the
grievous
customs
and
Tribute
which
his
Predecessors
had
raised
;
a
course
ever
powerfull
to
win
the
hearts
of
the
Commons
:
Earl
of
Oxford
reform
ill
Laws
and
Customs
,
and
enact
good
Laws
,
Henry
de
Knyghton
ut
in
Matthew
Westminster
acceptabatur
.
Recipientes
eum
benevole
dicebant
Harold
King
of
sends
you
this
answer
,
That
true
it
is
,
when
he
espoused
your
daughter
in
being
compelled
by
necessity
But
against
this
he
asserts
,
That
a
forced
Oath
is
not
to
be
kept
:
For
if
a
vow
or
oath
which
a
Virgin
had
knowingly
made
concerning
her
body
,
in
the
house
of
her
Father
,
without
her
parents
consent
,
was
revocable
and
void
:
much
more
the
Oath
which
he
,
being
under
the
Scepter
of
the
King
,
had
made
without
his
knowledge
,
by
compulsion
,
ought
to
be
nnlled
and
made
voyd
,
as
he
asserted
.
Moreover
he
affirmed
,
Nimis
praesumptuosum
Injustum
esse
pe●ere
,
ut
e
regno
discedat
,
quod
tanto
Principum
favore
,
susceperat
gubernandum
.
That
it
was
overmuch
presumption
in
him
,
that
without
the
general
consent
of
the
Realm
,
he
had
sworn
the
inheritance
thereof
should
be
alienated
to
him
:
That
King
being
then
living
,
he
could
neither
give
away
the
Kingdoms
succession
to
him
,
nor
grant
it
to
any
other
without
his
consent
;
et
sine
popull
consensu
,
Senatus
Decreto
,
et
nesciente
omni
Anglia
,
de
toto
Regno
,
necessitate
temporis
coactus
impegerit
:
Adding
moreover
,
that
it
was
unjust
to
demand
,
that
he
should
depart
from
that
kingdom
,
which
he
had
undertaken
to
govern
with
so
great
favour
of
the
Nobles
without
consent
of
the
State
by
election
,
and
not
by
any
Title
of
Inheritance
,
was
of
no
validity
That
the
Messengers
upon
their
second
Embassy
,
admonishing
him
how
religiously
he
had
bound
himself
by
Oath
,
and
that
perjured
persons
should
be
sure
to
find
perdition
from
Gods
hands
,
and
reproachfull
shame
with
men
,
should
marry
his
Daughter
,
which
he
had
espoused
,
according
to
his
promise
,
else
he
should
certainly
know
he
would
by
force
of
Armes
challenge
the
succession
of
the
Kingdom
promised
to
him
.
that
his
espoused
Daughter
was
deadbefore
this
Embassie
Abbot
Ingulphus
cast
about
how
to
recover
that
by
right
of
armes
which
he
could
not
gain
by
Treaty
;
providing
Ships
,
Souldiers
,
Mariners
,
and
all
things
necessary
for
an
invasive
war
,
making
choice
of
the
tallest
,
skilfullest
and
goodliest
Souldiers
he
could
select
,
and
of
such
Captains
and
Commanders
,
as
both
in
the
Army
and
elsewhere
,
seemed
all
of
them
to
be
rather
Kings
than
Nobles
.
William
Fitz-Osbert
they
would
all
consent
to
what
he
should
say
:
That
he
and
all
his
men
were
ready
and
devoted
to
assist
him
in
that
enterprise
,
and
so
were
all
the
other
Lords
.
a
subsidy
being
propounded
,
as
the
sinews
to
carry
on
this
great
undertaking
:
That
a
former
war
with
the
had
impoverished
much
of
their
wealth
;
That
if
new
wars
were
now
raised
,
and
therein
their
substance
spent
to
gain
other
parts
,
it
would
be
there
so
missed
,
as
it
would
hardly
be
sufficient
to
defend
their
own
;
That
they
thought
it
more
safe
for
him
to
hold
what
he
had
,
than
with
hazard
of
their
own
to
invade
the
territories
of
others
:
That
though
the
war
intended
were
just
,
yet
it
was
not
necessary
,
but
exceeding
dangerous
.
Besides
,
by
their
allegiance
they
were
not
bound
to
military
services
in
forein
parts
,
and
therefore
no
payments
could
be
assessed
upon
them
.
shewing
them
his
right
and
hopes
of
where
preferments
lay
even
for
the
meanest
of
them
:
only
money
was
the
want
,
which
they
might
spare
,
neither
should
that
be
given
,
but
lent
upon
a
plentifull
increase
.
Fitz
Osburne
Harold
Harfager
Danes
,
Norwegeans
Olaus
Harfagers
never
from
thenceforth
to
attempt
any
hostility
or
invasion
against
the
Abbot
Ailred
to
be
the
Captain
and
Protector
of
the
English
Nation
,
against
those
Enemies
who
invaded
the
Realm
contrary
to
right
and
Law
,
and
promised
them
the
victory
over
them
:
converted
all
the
spoils
and
booty
to
his
own
private
use
,
giving
no
part
of
them
to
any
other
:
Wherewith
many
of
the
Nobles
and
common
Souldiers
were
so
incensed
,
that
detesting
the
covetousness
of
their
Prince
,
Harold
,
that
he
thought
himself
secure
in
the
Throne
,
beyond
the
fear
or
reach
of
any
adversity
,
and
instead
of
a
King
became
a
TYRANT
.
And
to
satissie
his
Souldiers
,
and
all
others
of
the
justice
of
his
undertaking
,
he
alleged
these
three
causes
thereof
,
Henry
de
Knyghton
Duke
William
many
of
the
common
souldiers
there
lying
in
Tents
,
thus
muttered
one
to
another
:
That
the
man
was
mad
who
would
by
force
invade
and
make
another
mans
Country
and
Realm
his
own
;
That
God
did
fight
against
them
in
withdrawing
the
winds
:
That
his
Father
attempted
the
same
thing
in
the
same
manner
,
and
was
hindered
and
inhibited
therein
.
That
it
was
fatal
to
his
family
,
that
aspiring
to
things
above
their
power
,
they
should
find
God
opposite
to
them
.
These
speeches
bruted
abroad
,
which
might
enfeeble
the
strength
,
and
abate
the
courage
even
of
valiant
men
ill
omen
sinister
event
Most
happy
Duke
,
thou
already
possessest
and
plowest
it
up
;
Behold
the
land
is
in
thy
hand
,
Lift
up
thy self
with
good
hope
,
thou
sha't
be
King
of
ere
long
(m)
but
the
King
strictly
charged
them
to
forbear
plundering
,
and
take
no
booties
,
seeing
they
ought
to
spare
the
things
that
should
be
his
own
,
nor
to
wrong
any
of
their
persons
,
who
should
ere
long
become
his
Subjects
.
Richard
Vestegan
Valerie
,
That
should
never
withstand
him
,
but
submit
himself
unto
him
,
and
yeeld
him
faith
and
homage
That
man
was
not
wise
,
who
had
more
regard
to
the
good
or
●ll
fortune
of
another
,
than
unto
his
own
.
I
am
now
,
thanks
be
to
God
,
come
over
,
I
know
not
how
the
rest
will
succeed
.
Henry
de
Knyghton
William
,
William
,
●be
thou
a
good
man
,
because
thou
shalt
obtain
the
Crown
of
the
Realm
,
and
shalt
be
King
of
England
;
and
when
thou
shalt
vanquish
the
enemy
,
cause
a
Church
to
be
built
in
the
same
place
in
my
name
,
so
many
hundred
foot
in
length
,
as
in
number
of
years
the
seed
of
thy
bloud
shall
possess
the
Government
of
the
Realm
of
England
,
and
reign
in
England
,
(q)
Matthew
Westminster
London
,
that
most
of
the
valiant
men
in
all
were
slain
in
the
two
late
Battels
against
and
the
that
many
of
the
Nobility
and
Common
Souldiers
had
quite
deserted
him
,
refusing
to
march
with
him
,
in
that
necssity
,
because
he
permitted
them
not
to
share
with
him
in
the
great
booties
they
had
won
with
their
bloud
;
and
that
half
his
▪
Army
were
not
come
together
;
yet
he
resolved
forthwith
to
march
into
against
the
Enemy
and
fight
them
,
with
those
small
forces
tired
he
then
had
,
being
most
of
them
Mercenaries
and
Stipendiaries
,
except
those
English
Noblemen
,
Gentlemen
and
Freemen
,
who
enflamed
with
the
love
and
liberty
of
their
Native
Country
,
voluntarily
engaged
themselves
with
him
in
the
defence
thereof
,
against
the
common
,
dangerous
,
invading
Enemy
,
rather
than
to
support
his
usurped
Diadem
Thomas
of
Walsingham
Harold
had
gathered
together
an
innumerable
company
of
Englishmen
against
and
the
multitudes
his
Army
not
to
be
so
small
,
only
to
augment
the
Englishmens
valour
,
and
ecclipse
the
Normans
,
Sussex
,
he
sent
out
Scouts
before
him
,
to
discover
the
forces
and
numbers
of
the
Enemy
,
They
were
not
effeminate
Priests
,
but
Souldiers
of
great
and
valourous
minds
,
invincible
in
arms
.
Girth
,
Harolds
Seeing
you
commend
the
valour
of
the
to
be
so
great
,
I
hold
it
unadvised
rashnesse
for
you
to
fight
with
them
,
to
whom
you
may
be
reputed
inferiour
,
both
in
merit
and
valour
.
Neither
are
you
able
to
gainsay
,
but
that
you
took
an
Oath
to
(
to
reserve
the
Crown
to
his
use
)
voluntarily
or
unvoluntarily
.
Wherefore
you
shall
doe
more
advisedly
to
withdraw
your self
out
of
the
field
in
this
instant
necessity
,
lest
fighting
perjured
,
you
incurre
either
flight
or
death
,
and
the
whole
Army
perish
for
your
sin
of
Perjury
,
seeing
there
is
no
fighting
against
God
.
Therefore
expect
the
issue
of
the
battel
without
danger
:
For
we
are
altogether
free
from
any
Oath
,
justum
suscipimus
bellum
pro
Patria
pugnaturi
,
and
have
undertaken
a
just
warr
,
to
fight
for
our
Country
.
If
we
fight
alone
without
thee
,
thy
cause
shall
prosper
better
,
and
thou
shalt
be
more
safe
,
whatever
befalls
us
;
For
if
we
fly
,
thou
maist
be
able
to
succour
and
restore
us
;
and
if
we
be
slain
,
thou
maist
revenge
us
.
William
,
claiming
the
kingdom
as
his
,
Because
King
Edward
had
granted
it
to
him
by
advice
of
Archbishop
Godwin
hostages
thereof
into
Normandy
Either
to
depart
with
the
Realm
to
according
to
his
Oath
and
agreement
.
Or
,
to
hold
the
Kingdom
from
,
and
reign
under
him
.
Or
finally
to
determine
the
controversie
between
them
two
by
a
single
Duel
,
in
the
view
of
both
their
Armies
.
That
God
would
judge
between
him
and
his
Master
that
if
he
would
deny
the
right
of
he
should
either
referr
it
to
the
Judgement
of
the
See
Apostolick
,
or
else
to
battel
,
if
he
had
rather
;
by
which
he
asserted
,
that
was
ready
to
trie
his
Title
.
Duke
William
the
extraordinary
valour
,
the
manifold
victories
and
conquests
of
their
ancestors
and
themselves
,
which
he
exhorted
them
now
to
second
,
To
avenge
the
●injury
of
and
the
treachery
of
him
and
the
English
in
murdering
and
the
Noble
who
accompanyed
him
Wigorniensis
,
Sim.
Dunelmensis
,
Radulphus
de
Diceto
,
Hoveden
,
Bromton
,
and
very
few
continued
with
him
with
a
constant
heart
.
but
to
maintain
their
honour
in
arms
,
chusing
rather
manfully
to
dye
fighting
in
the
cause
and
defence
of
their
Country
,
than
to
forsake
their
Kings
Standard
.
that
there
were
slain
of
the
in
this
battel
no
lesse
than
sixty
thousand
nine
hundred
twenty
four
men
Eadmerus
,
Roger
de
Hoveden
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Radulphus
de
Diceto
,
Bromton
,
Abbot
Ailred
Regno
sim●l
et
vita
privavit
Thomas
of
Walsingham
John
Fox
Abbot
Ingulphus
,
Mat.
Westminster
,
Matthew
Paris
,
Huntindon
,
Hoveden
,
Wigorniensis
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Hygden
,
Knyghton
protect
him
,
than
mans
,
seeing
his
Enemy
,
amidst
so
many
showers
of
darts
and
arrows
which
they
shot
against
him
,
could
not
draw
so
much
as
one
drop
of
his
bloud
,
though
they
frequently
hit
him
with
them
.
Yorkeshire
and
Cheshire
,
Harolds
London
,
they
all
resolved
to
crown
and
●et
up
Edgar
Atheling
the
true
heir
,
for
their
King
:
promising
,
to
march
under
him
with
all
their
forces
against
Duke
and
to
try
another
field
;
for
which
end
they
posted
abroad
Messengers
to
levy
new
forces
,
and
raise
up
the
hearts
of
the
dejected
English
from
a
despairing
fear
.
Agatha
,
(
Harolds
the
Bishops
would
have
assented
thereunto
would
no
wayes
concurr
with
the
Nobles
,
Londoners
,
Sea-Captains
and
others
,
to
crown
but
resolved
to
go
forth
and
submit
themselves
to
the
victorious
Duke
,
and
elect
and
crown
him
for
their
Soveraign
.
Oxfordshire
,
Buckinghamshire
Country
,
burning
the
Villages
,
and
slaying
the
people
Hoveden
,
Cambden
notwithstanding
his
former
inhibition
of
plunder
,
to
force
them
more
readily
to
submit
unto
him
.
York
,
Wulstane
Worcester
,
Walter
they
resigned
themselves
up
unto
him
as
his
subjects
,
and
swore
allegiance
to
him
:
Why
his
woods
were
thus
felled
,
and
the
wayes
blocked
up
?
I
have
done
both
the
duty
of
my
birth
and
profession
;
and
if
others
of
my
rank
had
performed
the
like
,
(
as
they
well
might
and
ought
to
doe
)
it
had
not
been
in
thy
power
to
have
pierced
the
land
thus
farr
.
by
the
Prelates
,
Nobles
,
and
Generality
of
the
People
,
Thomas
of
Walsingham
found
many
Rebels
against
him
in
the
streets
of
the
City
,
with
whom
they
encountring
forthwith
,
brought
no
small
grief
and
lamentation
to
the
City
,
by
reason
of
the
many
funerals
of
the
Citizens
and
their
Sons
whom
they
slew
.
At
last
,
the
Citizens
perceiving
they
could
no
longer
resist
them
,
put
in
hostages
,
subjecting
themselves
with
all
theirs
to
their
Conqueror
and
Hereditary
Lord
.
Duke
on
Christmass
day
was
elected
King
by
all
the
Nobles
,
as
well
of
the
Normans
as
English
,
and
anoynted
with
sacred
oyl
,
and
crowned
with
the
royal
Crown
by
the
Bishops
of
the
Realm
at
many
evils
and
horrible
crimes
reported
of
him
,
and
because
he
had
unlawfully
invaded
that
See
,
during
the
life
of
for
which
he
was
suspended
by
the
Pope
:
Mat.
Parker
Thomas
Sprot
,
William
Thorne
Matthew
Parker
Godwin
,
Stow
Dover
Castle
St.
Augustinet
William
,
none
of
the
English
was
a
Servant
,
that
now
all
indifferently
,
as
well
Noble
as
Ignoble
,
were
subjected
to
the
perpetual
Servitude
of
the
Normans
.
the
imminent
dangers
of
the
Country
,
the
misery
of
their
neighbours
,
the
insolency
of
the
Normans
,
and
the
calamity
of
a
servile
condition
;
all
which
now
were
too
apparently
seen
.
English
till
then
were
frée-born
,
and
the
name
of
bondage
never
heard
among
them
,
and
they
amongst
the
rest
;
but
now
nothing
but
servitude
attended
them
,
in
case
they
unworthily
yielded
(
as
others
had
done
)
to
the
insolency
of
this
griping
Enemy
.
common
advice
with
him
for
the
Lawes
of
their
Country
;
chusing
rather
to
end
an
unhappy
life
by
fighting
for
them
in
the
field
,
than
to
undergoe
the
unaccustomed
yoak
of
bondage
,
or
to
be
reduced
from
their
accustomed
liberty
to
an
unknown
and
unsure
Slavery
.
resolving
to
die
in
defence
of
their
Country
and
Laws
,
Most
Noble
Duke
,
behold
the
people
of
are
come
forth
to
meet
thee
as
thy
friends
,
and
are
ready
to
receive
and
obey
thee
as
their
L●ege
Lord
,
if
thou
shalt
grant
their
most
just
requests
,
demanding
only
such
things
as
make
for
peace
,
and
such
as
only
tend
to
retain
the
Liberty
received
from
their
Ancestors
,
and
preserve
the
Laws
and
Customs
of
their
Country
.
Neither
will
they
be
reduced
under
Bondage
never
yet
felt
by
them
,
nor
tolerate
any
new
Lawes
;
For
they
can
bear
Royal
Authority
,
but
not
Lordly
Tyranny
.
Wherefore
receive
the
not
as
thy
Servants
,
but
as
thy
loyal
,
loving
and
affectionate
Subjects
.
Yet
upon
this
condition
,
That
all
the
People
of
Kent
may
for
ever
enjoy
their
antient
Liberty
,
without
diminution
,
and
use
the
Laws
and
Liberties
of
their
Country
.
But
if
thou
endeavourest
to
take
away
their
Liberty
,
and
the
Immunity
of
their
Laws
,
thou
shalt
likewise
take
away
their
Lives
together
with
them
:
they
being
all
ready
at
present
to
give
thee
and
thine
battel
,
and
to
try
the
uncertain
chance
of
Warr
;
Being
fully
resolved
rather
to
die
in
the
field
,
than
in
any
sort
to
depart
with
their
Countries
Laws
and
Customs
,
or
to
live
under
strange
Laws
or
servile
Bondage
;
the
name
and
nature
whereof
is
and
ever
shall
be
strange
unto
us
.
For
although
the
rest
of
the
English
can
submit
themselves
to
Slavery
,
yet
Liberty
is
the
proper
badge
of
Kentish
men
.
that
they
should
live
freely
according
to
their
antient
Laws
and
Customes
.
Duke
William
Duke
William
Duke
William
first
obtained
,
and
for
many
years
after
claimed
,
enjoyed
this
special
priviledge
,
That
in
all
Armies
and
Battaliaes
of
the
they
had
the
honour
of
the
Van
,
and
foreward
,
and
were
worthily
placed
in
the
front
,
in
all
conflicts
with
the
Enemy
;
they
above
all
other
Englishmen
,
retaining
still
the
badges
of
their
antieut
worthinesse
and
Liberty
.
Duke
William
Matthew
Parker
,
Godwin
Archbishop
Stigand
first
by
carrying
him
over
with
him
into
Normandy
soon
after
in
the
nature
of
a
prisoner
at
large
,
under
a
pretext
of
honour
:
Next
,
by
depriving
him
of
his
Archbishoprick
,
upon
his
return
from
thence
;
And
finally
,
by
shutting
him
up
presently
after
a
Prisoner
in
Castle
,
where
he
had
scarce
enough
allowed
him
to
keep
life
and
soul
together
,
and
soon
after
there
died
of
grief
or
famine
.
Florentius
Wigorniensis
,
Simeon
Dunelmensis
,
Roger
de
Hoveden
,
John
Speed
At
his
Coronation
he
took
a
corporal
Oath
,
before
the
High
Altar
,
according
to
the
accustomed
form
.
To
defend
the
holy
Church
of
God
and
the
Rectors
of
the
same
.
To
govern
the
universal
people
subject
to
him
justly
;
to
establish
equal
Laws
,
and
to
sée
them
duly
executed
as
became
a
good
King
.
Bishops
and
Barons
of
the
Realm
there
publikely
made
him
homage
,
and
took
an
Oath
to
him
,
to
be
his
trueand
loyal
Subjects
.
Thus
Matthew
Westminster
,
)
the
Kingdom
of
the
English
was
translated
to
the
Dominion
of
the
Normans
by
the
most
orderly
disposition
of
God
,
who
disposeth
and
dissipateth
Kingdoms
,
and
disappointing
the
Councils
of
Princes
,
gives
them
to
whom
he
will
,
and
so
long
as
he
pleaseth
,
neither
is
there
any
that
can
say
,
why
d●st
thou
thus
?
William
of
Malmsbury
Pamphlets
,
Speeches
,
Charges
Duke
William
obtained
the
Crown
of
England
only
as
a
Conqueror
;
and
thereupon
altered
the
antient
Laws
,
Customs
of
the
Realm
,
and
gave
New
Laws
unto
it
by
his
own
absolute
power
,
as
a
Conqueror
thereof
.
same
Title
of
Conquest
,
may
lawfully
give
new
Laws
to
,
&
impose
what
Taxes
,
Government
they
please
upon
the
English
Irish
)
as
a
meer
conquered
Nation
,
by
their
own
inherent
authority
by
the
Laws
of
Warr
,
regularly
all
Rights
and
Laws
of
the
place
and
Nation
conquered
be
wholly
subject
to
the
Conquerors
will
.
English
Parliaments
of
right
belonging
to
him
Edward
the
Confessor
Godwin
,
Syward
declared
his
Title
Lawfull
prohibited
his
Souldiers
to
plunder
the
Country
or
hurt
any
of
the
Inhabitants
,
as
being
his
by
right
.
Abbot
Frederick
King
,
in
a
due
and
accustomed
absolute
Conqueror
Aurelius
Ambrosius
a
King
by
conquest
only
That
the
kingdom
was
by
Gods
providence
appointed
,
and
by
vertue
of
a
gift
from
his
Lord
and
Cosen
King
the
glorious
,
granted
unto
him
;
and
that
this
most
bounteous
King
had
by
adoption
ordained
him
his
heir
in
the
kingdom
of
that
he
both
by
Oath
and
Act
of
Parliament
,
ratified
,
confirmed
all
the
Laws
and
Customs
of
the
Realm
used
in
the
Confessors
time
and
before
,
presented
by
a
Grand
Enquest
unto
him
out
of
every
County
of
upon
Oath
,
without
any
alteration
,
praevarication
,
or
diminution
)
Henry
Spelman
King
Henry
Heir
to
King
by
Hereditary
right
Conquerour
of
England
History
of
St.
Stephens
Regal
Diaden●
which
none
of
my
Predecessers
ever
wore
,
I
got
and
gained
by
the
Grace
of
God
only
.
I
ordain
no
man
heir
of
the
Kingdom
of
William
Rufus
but
I
commend
the
same
to
the
eternal
Creator
,
whose
I
am
,
in
whose
hands
are
all
things
.
For
I
became
not
possessor
of
so
great
honour
by
any
hereditary
right
,
but
by
an
humble
conflict
,
and
with
much
effusion
of
blood
I
took
it
from
the
perjured
King
and
after
I
had
either
slain
or
put
to
flight
his
favourits
and
Servants
,
I
subdued
the
kingdom
to
my self
,
Mathew
Paris
Henry
de
Knyghton
Richard
Vestegan
Restitutions
of
decayed
Antiquities
John
Selden
Review
of
the
Hist.
of
Tithes
John
Hayward
Nathaniel
Bacon
,
in
his
first
part
of
his
Historical
Discourse
,
of
the
uniformity
of
the
Government
of
England
,
That
the
entry
of
the
first
into
the
royal
Government
of
neither
was
nor
properly
could
be
by
Conquest
,
but
by
Title
,
and
by
That
although
the
several
Titles
he
Pretended
were
perhaps
,
if
curiously
examined
,
not
sufficient
to
give
him
a
true
,
legal
Title
and
Right
to
the
Crown
of
because
not
agreed
unto
and
confirmed
by
the
general
consent
of
the
Nobles
,
Kingdom
,
and
Nation
in
a
Parliamentary
Great
Council
;
but
only
by
the
King
,
and
some
particular
Prelates
and
Nobles
out
of
Parliament
yet
being
ratified
both
by
the
subsequent
consent
,
agreement
,
submission
,
election
,
Oath
,
homage
,
and
fealty
of
all
the
people
,
Nobles
,
Clergy
,
by
their
legal
free
crowning
of
him
at
first
,
by
his
own
submission
sealty
and
resignation
of
his
royal
right
and
Title
thereby
unto
him
,
and
ratified
by
succeeding
Parliamentary
Councils
,
it
became
an
indubitable
Right
and
Title
,
both
in
Law
and
Justice
,
to
him
and
his
Posterity
,
against
all
others
,
who
could
lay
no
legaller
Title
thereunto
:
he
continuing
,
confirming
all
the
antient
fundamental
Laws
,
Liberties
,
Customs
,
and
Government
of
the
English
Nation
,
without
any
alteration
,
both
by
Oaths
and
Edicts
.
because
they
alleged
,
all
Franchises
were
devolved
to
the
Crown
by
the
Conquest
The
Conquerour
came
not
at
all
to
put
any
who
had
lawfull
possession
out
of
their
rights
;
but
to
dispossess
those
who
by
their
wrong
had
seised
upon
any
land
in
dis-inherison
of
the
King
and
his
Crown
,
Sa.
Daniel
William
.
Neither
did
he
ever
claim
any
power
by
conquest
,
but
as
a
regular
Prince
submitted
himself
to
the
orders
of
the
Kingdom
:
desiring
to
have
his
Testamentary
Title
,
(
howsoever
weak
)
to
make
good
his
succession
rather
than
his
sword
.
And
though
the
stile
of
Conqueror
,
by
the
slattery
of
the
time
was
after
given
him
,
he
shewed
by
all
the
course
of
his
Government
he
assumed
it
not
:
introducing
none
of
those
Al●erations
(
which
followed
by
violence
,
but
by
a
mild
gathering
upon
the
disposition
of
the
State
,
and
the
occasions
offered
;
and
that
by
way
of
reformation
.
Hen.
Wotton
We
do
commonly
and
justly
stile
him
the
Conquerour
:
For
he
made
a
general
conquest
of
〈…〉
Kingdom
and
People
,
either
by
Composition
or
Armes
,
&c.
He
was
Crowned
on
at
which
time
he
would
fain
have
compounded
I
know
not
what
or
rather
As
if
hereditarie
kingdoms
did
pass
like
Newyears
gifts
.
Yet
from
these
pretences
howsoever
,
there
sprang
this
good
,
That
he
was
thereby
in
a
sorting
aged
to
cast
his
Government
into
a
middle
or
mixed
nature
,
as
it
were
,
though
generally
(
as
all
new
Empires
do
savour
much
of
their
beginning
)
it
had
more
of
the
than
of
the
Legal
Duke
Williams
England
by
meer
conquest
Norman
Duke
British
,
Saxon
,
Danish
,
Norman
Harold
,
Tosti
Matthew
Paris
Samuel
Daniel
,
p.
34.
So
much
was
done
either
by
King
(
though
neither
act
,
if
any
such
were
,
was
of
power
to
prejudice
the
State
,
or
alter
the
course
of
right
succession
)
as
gave
the
Duke
a
colour
to
claim
the
Crown
by
a
donation
made
by
Testament
:
which
being
against
the
Law
and
Custom
of
the
Kingdom
,
could
be
of
no
validity
at
all
.
For
the
Crown
of
England
,
being
held
,
not
as
but
in
(
which
is
a
succeeding
to
anothers
place
)
it
was
not
in
the
power
of
King
to
collate
the
same
by
any
dispositive
and
Testamentary
Will
,
the
right
descending
to
the
next
of
blood
only
,
by
the
Laws
and
Custom
of
the
Kingdom
.
For
the
successor
is
not
said
to
be
the
Heir
of
the
King
,
but
of
the
Kingdom
which
makes
him
so
,
and
cannot
be
put
from
it
by
any
Act
of
his
Predecessors
.
Edward
,
Harold
Edgar
Atheling
Earl
of
and
held
him
in
special
favour
.
2ly
.
That
King
the
first
,
(
to
whom
he
submitted
himself
,
and
did
homage
and
fealty
)
used
him
very
honourably
and
entertained
him
in
his
Court
,
not
only
at
first
,
bu●
even
after
he
had
twice
taken
up
armes
against
him
joyning
first
with
the
Nobilitie
,
then
with
the
against
his
interest
Holy
wars
with
200
Souldiers
,
and
many
Ships
;
whence
returning
after
the
death
of
son
of
and
the
loss
of
his
best
Souldiers
,
he
received
many
benefits
from
the
Emperours
both
of
who
endeavoured
to
retain
him
in
their
Courts
for
the
greatness
of
his
birth
:
but
he
contemning
all
their
proffers
,
out
of
a
desire
to
enjoy
his
Native
Country
,
returned
into
and
there
lived
all
Kings
Wil.
Rufus
which
his
Brother
had
conferred
upon
him
,
and
banished
him
out
of
William
Rufus
He
sent
him
into
Scotland
High
Treason
But
I
say
unto
you
love
your
Enemies
,
do
good
to
those
that
hate
you
,
&c.
Wherefore
if
thine
enemy
hunger
give
him
meat
,
if
he
thirst
,
give
him
drink
,
&c.
Be
not
overcome
of
evil
,
but
overcome
evil
with
goodness
.
Harold
,
William
Mercinary
forces
Frederick
,
Stigand
,
Egelsine
Kentish
men
Conquest
a
just
,
safe
Chronicle
of
Bromton
English
-
Saxons
English
Nation
at
that
kingdom
which
cannot
be
shaken
,
and
that
Crown
of
glory
which
fadeth
not
away
:
that
they
intended
some
time
or
other
to
take
away
his
kingdom
from
him
either
to
banish
them
both
into
some
farr
Country
,
or
to
deliver
them
unto
him
to
destroy
and
murder
,
ignominiously
to
murder
them
Cain
;
Am
I
thy
Kinsmens
keeper
?
Thou
hast
always
sinisterly
accused
them
unto
me
,
and
therefore
,
most
wicked
wretch
,
thou
oughtest
to
shew
me
where
they
are
:
Adeo-datus
,
et
Magnates
quos
habere
potuit
convocar●
praecepit
,
and
causing
the
Nobles
to
be
called
together
,
Christs
Church
Augustines
Church
High
Altar
West
Saxons
and
Nobles
of
every
degrée
of
Honor
(
qui
verbum
Dei
imperante
beato
Mathew
Parker
If
thy
foot
or
hand
shall
offend
,
cut
it
off
and
cast
it
from
thee
,
&c.
foot
:
Matthew
Westminster
Romish
Legend
PAge
35.
line
37.
r.
p.
37.
l.
16.
r.
p.
41.
l.
p.
46.
l.
31.
dele
p.
64.
l.
26.
r.
p.
69.
l.
p.
80.
l.
10.
largest
,
r.
p.
83.
l.
p.
91.
l.
p.
206.
l.
9.
at
p.
107.
l.
p.
113.
l.
p.
120.
l.
30.
hoc
p.
126.
l.
p.
135.
l
p.
144.
l.
5.
r.
p.
146.
l.
p.
147.
l.
p.
148.
l.
p.
197.
l.
8.
cariage
,
r.
p.
235.
l.
p.
241.
l.
4.
r.
1032.
p.
246.
l.
26.
dele
p.
250.
l.
Harold
.
p.
267.
l.
6.
of
,
p.
271.
l.
12.
fact
us
,
p.
279.
l.
p.
286.
l.
p.
288.
l.
p.
297.
l.
p.
298.
l.
p.
300.
l.
p.
301.
l.
p.
302.
l.
p.
303.
l.
p.
304.
l.
p.
305.
l.
p.
307.
l.
30.
dele
p.
3●0
.
l.
p.
316.
l.
p.
328.
l.
p.
331.
l.
8.
which
p.
341.
l.
p.
355.
l.
31.
King
,
p.
357.
l.
30.
may
p.
361.
l.
p.
365.
l.
p.
368.
l.
22.
their
Margin
.
p.
p.
65.
l.
9.
&
p.
115.
r.
p.
8.
l.
p.
104.
l.
l.
9.
7
,
r.
8.
p.
275.
l.
p.
276
l.
p.
282.
l.
p.
314.
l.
12.
&