The second part of a Short demurrer to the Ievves long discontinued remitter into England. Containing a brief chronological collection of the most material records in the reigns of King John, Henry 3. and Edward 1. relating the history, affaires, state, condition, priviledges, obligations, debts, legal proceedings, justices, taxes, misdemeanors, forfeitures, restraints, transactions, of the Jews in, and final banishment out of England, never formerly published in print: with some short usefull observations upon them. Worthy the knowledge of all lawyers, scholars, statists, and of such Jews who desire re-admission into England. / By VVilliam Prynne Esquire, a bencher of Lincolns-Inne. Short demurrer to the Jewes long discontinued remitter into England. Part 2 Prynne, William, 1600-1669. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A91270 of text xxx in the English Short Title Catalog (Thomason E483_2 E872_1). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 531 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 112 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2018 A91270 Wing P4073 Thomason E483_2 Thomason E872_1 ESTC R203286 99863283 99863283 164031 2248549026

This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A91270) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 164031) Images scanned from microfilm: (Thomason Tracts ; 77:E483[2] or 132:E872[1]) The second part of a Short demurrer to the Ievves long discontinued remitter into England. Containing a brief chronological collection of the most material records in the reigns of King John, Henry 3. and Edward 1. relating the history, affaires, state, condition, priviledges, obligations, debts, legal proceedings, justices, taxes, misdemeanors, forfeitures, restraints, transactions, of the Jews in, and final banishment out of England, never formerly published in print: with some short usefull observations upon them. Worthy the knowledge of all lawyers, scholars, statists, and of such Jews who desire re-admission into England. / By VVilliam Prynne Esquire, a bencher of Lincolns-Inne. Short demurrer to the Jewes long discontinued remitter into England. Part 2 Prynne, William, 1600-1669. [4], 13, [1] p., 14-52 leaves, [34], 53-116, [3], 124-144, 141-147, [1] p. Printed, and sold by Edward Thomas in Green Arbor, London : 1656. In part a reply to: Peters, Hugh. Good work for a good magistrate. The three pages following p. 116 are numbered 121, 104, 103. Annotations on Thomason copy E.483[2]: "May the 30 1655"; a "5" has been written after the second "6" in the imprint; on E.872[1]: "march 27". Reproductions of the originals in the British Library. eng Peters, Hugh, 1598-1660. -- Good work for a good magistrate -- Early works to 1800. Jews -- Controversial literature -- Early works to 1800. Jews -- England -- Early works to 1800. eebo The second part of a Short demurrer to the Ievves long discontinued remitter into England.: Containing a brief chronological collection of the most m Prynne, William, 1656 222 84424 412 0 0 0 0 2 119.87 F The rate of 119.87 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the F category of texts with 100 or more defects per 10,000 words. 2007-07 Assigned for keying and markup 2007-07 Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-09 Sampled and proofread 2007-09 Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 Batch review (QC) and XML conversion

The Second Part of a Short DEMVRRER TO THE IEWES Long discontinued REMITTER into ENGLAND . Containing a Brief Chronological Collection of the most material RECORDS in the reigns of King John , Henry 3. and Edward 1. relating the History , Affaires , State , Condition , Priviledges , Obligations , Debts , Legal Proceedings , Justices , Taxes , Misdemeanors , Forfeitures , Restraints , Transactions , of the Jews in , and final Banishment out of England , never formerly published in Print : with some short usefull Observations upon them .

Worthy the knowledge of all Lawyers , Scholars , Statists , and of such Jews who desire Re-admission into England .

By William Prynne Esquire , a Bencher of Lincolns-Inne .

Amos 3. 3. Can two walk together , unless they be agreed ? Gregorius lib. 7. Registri Epist. 226. Surius Tom. 2. Concil. p. 698. Cùm Excellentia vestra ( Reccaredus Rex Gothorum & Suevorum ) Constitutionem quandam contra Judaeorum perfidiam dedisset , hi de quibus prolata fuerat , rectitudinem vestrae mentis inflectere pecuniarum summam offerendo , moliti sunt ; quam Excellentia vestra contempsit , & omnipotentis Dei placere judicio requirens , auro innocentiam praetulit . Si igitur ab armato Rege in Sacrificium Dei versa est aqua contempta , pensemus quale sacrificium omnipotenti Deo Rex obtulit , qui pro amore illius non aquam , SED AURUM ACCIPERE CONTEMPSIT . Itaque fili Excellentissime fidenter dicam , quia libasti AURUM Domino , quod contra eum habere noluisti .

LONDON Printed , and sold by Edward Thomas in Green Arbor , 1656.

To the Ingenuous Reader .

THe Extraordinary Coldness and Shortness of the Time I had , to compile , transcribe , publish my Short Demurrer to the Jews long discontinued Remitter into England , that it might come into the world in due season , before any final Resolves upon the late Whitehall Debates , and Consults concerning it ; necessitated me not only to omit three or four less pertinent Passages in some of our Historians concerning the English Jews , ( with some few others relating to their misdemeanors in foraign parts ) which I have since supplied ; and to be more sparing in refuting reverend Sir Edward Cooks mistakes , touching the time of the making of the Statute de Judaismo , and the Jews voluntary banishing of themselves thereupon , without any particular Act or Edict of the King and Parliament for their universal Exile and Expulsion hence ; ( which I have more fully refuted in the * * Page 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 41. second inlarged Edition thereof , beyond all contradiction ) But likewise to leave out most of the unprinted Records in the reigns of King John , Henry the 3. and Edward the 1. relating to the History , State , Affairs of the Iews in England under them , and to their final Banishment thence ; which Records , because I could not conveniently insert into the Second Impression , for fear of increasing it into an over-large bulke , and of over prejudicing those who had bought the first Edition ; I have therefore digested into a Chronological method , according to their series of time , and published apart by themselves in this Second Part ; that so such who have bought the first Impression , may annex them thereunto ; and those who shall buy the second , may bind them up with it , if they see cause ; into which * * Page 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 41. Impression I have inserted only such new Records , ( not extant in the first ) as were necessary to clear some passages in our Histories , and to refute our learned Sir Edward Cooks mistakes , whose venerable Authority hath misguided many , especially of the long robe , in point of the Jews expulsion , and date of the Statute de Iudaismo .

What new light , information , or satisfaction this Additional Publication may yield to the judicious Readers , consisting of unprinted , and for the most part unknowu Records , never formerly published , I cannot divine : yet the great satisfaction my former Demurrer hath given to , and kind acceptation it hath found with most godly and judicious persons throughout the Nation , give me some good assurance , that this Appendix to back and illustrate it , will not be unwelcom , but delightfull to them , especially to those of my own Profession , for whose information I principally intended it . I hope both of them united , will through Gods blessing prove , a perpetual Barr to the Antichristian Iews re-admission into England , both in this new-fangled age , & all future Generations ; maugre all printed pleas , and Endeavors for their present Introduction , the sole end of their publication by

The unfeigned weak Endeavor to Promote his Saviours Honour , Religions Safety , with his Native Countries weal and Prosperity by this Undertaking , WILLIAM PRYNNE . Lincolnes Inne , Feb. 1. 1655 , 6 ,
The Second Part of a short Demurrer to the Iews long discontinued barred Remitter into ENGLAND .

HAving in my late Short Demurrer to the Jews long discontinued barred Remitter into England , presented the world with an Exact Chronological History of the English Jews and their affairs , from their very first arival in England under King William the Conqueror , till their universal final Banishment and Expulsion thence , in the 18 year of King Edward the first , after about 260 years continuance in our Island , collected out of the best printed Historians , Law-books , and some few Records ; I conceived it not only expedient , but necessary to second , amplifie and illustrate it , with this new Chronological Collection of such unprinted , and generally unknown Records ( remaining in the Tower of London , and Exchequer ) during the respective reigns of King John , King Henry the 3. and Edward the 1. as properly relare to the History , State , affairs , Legai transactions , Proceedings , Contracts , Government of the Iews in England under these three Kings , and to their final Banishment hence , which for want of time and other causes I could not conveniently insert into my first Demurrer .

The Reasons inducing me hereunto are , 1. The Rarity and Novelty of these Records never formerly published in print . I have been informed by persons of Credit , that our great learned late deceased Antiquary Mr. Iohn Selden , many years since made a particular collection of the Records concerning the English Iews , and gave them to Mr. Samuel Purchas to insert into his Pilgrimage , who in his 3. Edit. thereof , Lond. 1617. B. 2. ch. 10. Sect. 17. p. 171. published a Section with this Title to it . Of the Jewes somtimes living in England , collected out of ancient Records , by Mr. JOHN SELDEN of the Inner-Temple : wherin there is such a poor maimed accompt given of them , out of Records or Histories , and so ●ifferent from that delivered him ; that upon the publication thereof Mr. Selden was very much offended with Mr. Purchas for abusing him in such a manner , and his Readers likewise ; there being not above 3 Records , and those maimedly cited in that whole Section ; which defect I thought meet here to supply . 2ly , The rectifying and refuting of some Mistakes in Sir Edward Cook his 2 Institutes , concerning the Statute de Iudaismo , and the Jews Banishment out of England , which I have more fully refelled in my second Edition , and shall here further clear by several Records , . 3ly , The illustration and ratification of some Passages in our Historians , touching the slavish condition and frequent Taxes imposed on the Jews by our Kings . 4ly , The fuller discovery of the manner of their Contracts , Stars , Legal Proceedings , Judicatories , transactions and Government whilst in England , wherein our Histories and Lawbooks are very defective . 5ly , The manifestation of the Machiavillian Policy of King Iohn , and Henry the 3d , to draw the Jews from forraign parts into England , by granting them ample Liberties and Protection , on purpose afterwards to ensnare , oppress , vex , squeeze & prey upon them and their estates , with far greater greedinesse and advantage . 6ly , To publish to the world the zealous , pious care of our Ancestors , even in grossest times of Popery , to prevent all communion of Christians with , and sed●ction by the Jews , to suppress their blasphemy , & convert them , by compelling them to resort to the Friers Sermons for their edification & providing for their converts , by sundry Ordinances not mentioned in any printed English Historians , but only in the Records here published . 7ly , To adde a further Barr to their Re-admission into England ; they having been invited hither ( if Menasseh Ben-Israel may be credited ) by divers EMINENT PERSONS excelling both in Piety and Learning , as well as power : who from the beginning of their Government of this Commonwealth have professed much respect and favor towards them , & made known unto them some years since , that wished for liberty that they now are about to grant them ; as he in his late Humble Addresses , and Declaration to the Commonwealth of England hath published to the world in print ; being now inquiring after a convenient Summer-house , intending to settle himself at least , if not his exiled Nation , here among us : whereas a a Pars 2. Pat. 1. E. 2. n : 10 Walsingh . Hist. Ang. p. 68. to 76. 97. to 108. Ypodigm . Neustriae , p. 100 , 104 , 105. 108. &c. Grafton , Fabian , Speed , Holinshed , Stow , Daniel , Baker , in Ed. 2. Claus . 5. E. 2. m. 15. et Dors. 7. claus. 15. E. 2. m. 24. & 14. Sched . & Dors. 32. Pierce Gaveston , a Forraigner , and the two Spencers , great Potent Englishmen , have heretofore lost their lives and heads for returning into England , without the Parliaments and Nobles license , though by the Kings own invitation , and license , when banished thence by Parliament ; which this Jewish Rabbi , and his banished Countrimen may do well advisely to consider , for fear of afterclaps .

The first Records of our former Kings now extant ( except some few Charters , and Exemplifications of them in Leiger-books , Records , and Histories ) are those of King Iohn preserved in the Tower of London , and Exchequer . Amongst the Charter b b Rot. chart . part . 1. R. Johan . n. 28. Chart. 171. Rolls of this King Iohn , I find a special Charter of his in favour of the Jews , made in the first year of his reign , dated at Rhoan , July 31. ( Anno Dom. 1199. ) whereby he grants to James of London , a Jewish Priest , the Priesthood of all the Jews throughout England , to have and hold it during his life freely , quietly , honorably , and intirely , without molestation , trouble or disturbance by any Jew or Englishman in the exercise thereof , &c. ( Such a Charter as Menasseh Ben-Israel now aspires after for himself , as his Addresses intimate ) which because I find printed by c c In his Pilgrimage , Edit. 3. 1617 , l. 2. c. 10. sect. 7. p. 172. In his Pilgrims , l. 9. c. 5. sect. 1. p. 1441. in the Margin . Mr. Samuel Purchas , and d d 2 Instit. p. 508. Sir Edward Cook , and I have already published it verbatim in my Short Demurrer , Edit. 1. p. 44. and Edit. 2. p. 50. 51. ) I shall here pretermit , with this observation ; that in the close thereof there is mention made of a Charter of King Richard , granted to this Jew , That he should not be impleaded for any thing appertaining to him , but only before the King himself or his chief Justice . This is the very first Charter extant on record conning the English Jews . What is recorded of them in our Histories before this rime , I have e e A short Demurrer , p. 1. to 16. elsewhere published at large .

I find another Charter of Safe-conduct , granted by K. John to this Jewish Priest the self-same day and year as the former , for his safe and free passage , and of all things appertaining to him , in all places , both on this side and beyond the Sea , without any injury , molestation , impediment , or grievance to be done unto him , more then to the King himself : which being never yet printed , I have here transcribed out of the Record it self .

f f Chart. 1 Johannis , pars 1. n. 50 , rot. 28. Johannis Dei gratia , &c. Omnibus fidelibus suis , ad quos Literae praesentes pervenerint , tàm ultrà mare , quàm citra . Mandans vobis & praecipiens , Quatenus per quascunque Villas & loca Jacobus Presbyter Judaeorum , dilectus & familiaris Noster ; transierit , ipsum salvò & liberè cum omnibus ad ipsum pertinentibus transire , & conduci faciatis ; nec ipsi aliquod impedimentum , molestiam aut gravamen fieri sustineatis , plus quam Nobis ipsis . Et si quis ei in aliquo forisfacere praesumpserit , id ei sine dilatione emendadari faciatis . Teste Willielmo Marisco , &c. Dat. per manum Hu. Cantuar. Archiepiscopi , Cancellarii nostri apud Rothomagum , 31. die Julii , Anno Regni nostri primo .

It is observable , that both these Charters were made not in England , but at Rhoan in Normandy , whence King William g g A short Demurrer , p. 2 , 3. the Conqueror first transplanted the Jewes into England : And that both the Charters to this High Priest os the Iews , were granted by the hand of Hubert , Archbishop of Canterbury , then Chancellor , Primate , Metropolitan and High Priest of the English Nation , whose Successors have justified the Divinity and Lawfulness , of their Archiepiscopal Jurisdiction from the Jewish High Priests Office , and Pagan Archflamins . Sic mulus mulum scalpit . Dignum Patello operculum .

King John having granted such Priviledges and Protection to this Jewish High Priest and Bishop in the first year of his reign , proceeded ( by his and their monies most powerfull mediation ) to confirm and grant many ample Priviledges and Immunities to all the English and Norman Jews in his 2 year , by these two ensuing Charters , not formerly printed , which I shall here transcribe verbatim as I finde them on Record . The first runs thus .

h h Cart. 2. Johannis : num. 49. Carta Judaeorum Angliae . Johannes Dei gratia , &c. Sciatis Nos concessisse Omnibus Judaeis Angliae & Normanniae , libere et hono●ifice habere residentiam in terra nostra , & omnia illa de Nobis tenenda quae tenuerunt de Rege Henrico Avo Patris nostri ; et omnia illa quae modo rationabiliter tenent in terris et feodis , & vadiis & akatis suis : & quod habeant omnes libertates & consuetudines suas sicut eas habuerunt tempore praedicti Regis H. Avi patris nostri , melius & quiecius & honorabilius . Et si querela orta fuerit inter Christianum et Judaeum , ille qui alium appellaverit ad querelam suam dirationandam habeat Testes , scilicet legittimum Christianum & Iudaeum . Et si Iudaeus de querela sua Breve habuerit , Breve suum erit ei testis . Et si Christianus habuerit querelam adversus Iudaeum sit judicata per Pares Judaei . Et cum Iudaeus obierit , non detineatur corpus suum super terram , sed habeant homines sui pecuniam suam & debita sua , ita quod mihi non disturbetur , si habuerit haeredem qui pro ipso respondeat & rectum faciat de debitis suis & de forisfacto suo : Et liceat Judaeis omnia quae eis apportata fuerint sine occasione accipere & emere , exceptis illis quae de Ecclesia sunt , & panno sanguine lento . Et si Judaeus ab aliquo appellatus fuerit sine teste , de illo appellatu erit quietus solo Sacramento suo super librum suum , et de appellatu illarum rerum quae ad Coronam nostram pertinent , similiter quietus erit solo Sacramento suo super Rotulum suum . Et si inter Christianum & Iudaeum fuerit dissentio de accommodatione alicujus pecuniae , Judaeus probabit Catallum suum , & Christianus lucrum . Et liceat Judaeo quietè vendere vadium , postquam certum erit , eum illud unum annum & unum diem tenuisse . Et Judaei non intrabunt in placitum , nisi coram Nobis , aut coram illis qui Turres nostras custodierint , in quorum Ballivis Iudaei manserint . Et ubicunque Iudaei fuerint , liceat eis ire ubicunque voluerint , cum omnibus catallis eorum sicut res nostrae propriae , & nulli liceat eos retinere , neque hoc eis prohibere . Et praecipimus quod ipsi quieti sint per totam Angliam & Normanniam de omnibus Consuetudinibus & Theoloniis & modiatione vini sicut nostrum proprium catallum . Et mandamus vobis & praecipimus quod eos custodiatis , & defendatis , & manu-teneatis ; et prohibemus ne quis contra Cartam istam de hiis supradictis eos in placitum ponat super forisfacturam nostram ; Sicut Carta Regis H. patris nostri rationabiliter testatur . T. Humf. filio Petri Com. Essex , Willielmo de Marescal : Com. de Pembr . Henr. de Bohun Com de Hereford , Robert de Turnham , Willielmo Brywer , &c. Dat. per manum S. Well . Archidiac . apud Merleberg , Decimo die Aprilis , Anno regni nostri secundo .

The second Patent runs in these words .

i i Cart. 2. Johannis . n. 53. Confirmatio Judaeorum de Libertatibus suis . Johannes Dei gratia , &c. Sciatis Nos concessisse , & praesenti Carta nostra confirmasse Judaeis nostris in Anglia , ut excessus qui inter eos emerserint , exceptis hiis qui ad Coronam & Justitiam nostram pertinent , & de morte hominis & mahemio , & de assaltu praemeditato , & de fractura domus , et de Raptu , et de Latrocino , & de Combustione , & de Thesauris , inter eos deducantur secundum Legem suam , et emendentur , & Justitiam suam inter se ipsos faciant . Concedimus etiam eis , quod si quis eorum alium appellaverit de querela quae ad eos pertineat , Nos neminem compellemus ad testimonium cuiquam eorum contra alium exhibendum , sed si Appellator rationabilem & idoneum testem habere poterit , eum secum adducat . Siquod verò opus sceleratum & apertum inter eos emerserit quod ad Coronam nostram vel ad Justitiam pertineat , sicut de praedictis Placitis Coronae , licet nullus eorum noster appellator fuerit , Nos ipsam querelam faciemus per Legales Judaeos nostros Angliae inquiri : sicut Carta Regis H. patris nostri rationabiliter testatur . Teste G. filio Petri Com. Essex , Willielmo Mareschallo Com. de Pembr . Hen: de Bohun Com. de Hereford , Petro de Pratell . Roberto de Turnham . Willielmo de Waren , Hugo : de Nevil , Roberto de veteri Ponte . Dat. per manum S. Well . Archidiac . apud Merleberg . X. die Aprilis , Anno Regni nostri secundo .

Both these Charters were dated at the same place , on the self-same day , by the self-same hand , and subscribed by the same Witnesses for the most part . The first of them extends to all the Jews both in England and Normandy , the latter to the Jews in England alone : The persons subscribing them as witnesses , were eminent both for honor and power : and it appears by the recitals in the Charters , that the Liberties granted and confirmed by them to these Jews , were wholly , or for the most part such as King Henry the first , Grandfather , and K. Henry the 2. Father to King John had formerly granted and confirmed to them by their respective Charters , And if you compare that Law inserted by * * Annal pars Post. p. 604. See the first part of A Short Demurrer , p. 3. Hoveden and others amongst the Confessors and Conquerors Laws . De Judaeis in Anglia constitutis . You will find it taken almost verbatim out of these Kings Charters , in whose times Hoveden writ his Annals , and puny to the Confessors and Conquerors Laws , in the true Original copyes whereof it is not to be found .

We need not much wonder that King Iohn did grant such large Liberties and Charters as these recited to the Jewish High Priests and Jews throughout his Dominions , since some few years after ( as k k Hist. Augliae , Anno 1213. p. 243. Matthew Paris writes ) he sent special Embassadors to Admirallus the Great Mahometan King of Africk , Fesse and Spain , profering to surrender up his Crown and Kingdom to him , and hold them under him as his Vassal ; and likewise To reuounce the Christian Religion , as vain , and faithfully to Adhere to the Mahometan Religion . For which he was much scorned and derided by ihis Mahometan Prince , as the Dregs both of Kings and Men : He will soon turn a compleat Turk , who is become half a Jew .

These Liberties thus ratified by King Iohn , drew many Jews into England out of forraign parts with their wealth and treasure , according to the old Proverb , Fistula dulce canit volucres dum decipit auceps . but when these Decoyes had drawne them and their wealth into the Net , you may read how he plucked off their feathers and tormented their bodies to gain their monies in our Historians , and my * * Page 16. first Demurrer .

Amongst the Records in the Treasury of the Receiver of the Exchequer in the 4th year of King Iohn , I find one Bonefand a Jew indicted at Bedford for gelding and cutting off the yard of one Richard , whereof upon his trial he was acqitted : as the Record it self will more fully manifest in its own dialect .

Placita capta apud Bedeford a die Sacti Michaelis in 〈◊〉 Septim : coram Simon de Pateshall , & Rich de Faukenbrig , & Sociis suis , Anno Regni Regis Johannis 4to . Rot. 5. in dorso .

Hundr . de Clipton .

Robertus de Sutton appellat Bonefand Judaeum de Bedeford , quod ipse in pace Domini Regis , & nequiter fecit ementulare Ricardum nepotem suum , unde ipse obiit : Ita quod ipse fecit portare eum usque in terram suam de Hacton ; quam ipse habet in vadio , & ibi obiit : et hoc offert probare . Et tunc Bonefand venit , et defendit totum , & offert Domino Regi 1 marc . pro habenda Inquisitione , utrum sit inde culpabilis vel non : Et Iuratores inquisiti dicunt , quod non est culpabilis inde : et ideo Bonefand sit quietus , & Robertus in misericordia pro falso appello : And in the Margin of the Roll custodiatur is written . This is the first Indictment I find upon record against a Jew .

Not long after King Iohns Charters confirmed , the Jews fell to their usual trade of clipping and washing the current coyn of the Kingdom , as is evident by this New Ordinance against this abuse , and touching the Assise of moneys , in the 6 year of King Iohn .

l l Pat. 6. Iohan . num 7. dorso . Assisum est de Moneta , quod vetus moneta currat unde quelibet libra sit lacta ii . s. vi . d. ad plus , & libra quae plus lactaverit , & denarii qui plus lactaverint perforentur & reddantur sicut alias provisum fuit . Iudaei vero aurifabri , & mercatores forinici emant moneta ista victum et vestitum suum tantum , sed non debent prestitum vel Merchandizas facere , nisi de grossa et forti moneta quae sit de lege & pondere denariorum sterlingorum . Et ad cognoscendum denar : de praedicto lacco , exeat a monetaria nostra I. Pempeis , & liberetur cui voluerit habere habendum usque ad Pentecosten Anno regni nostri 7. de lacco octavae partis denarii . Item denarius qui de caetero fuerit , scilicet post Natale . Anno Regni nostri 6. inventus intonsus in alicujus manu perstietur , et ille cujus manu captus fuerit , capiatur ut lat: Item prohibitum est , quod nullus vetus denarius reblangietur , et qui eum reblangiaverit , sit in misericordia nostra de toto catallo suo , et amittat quod reblangiavit . Item denarius debet omnis fabricari , ita quod sit de equa lege & pondere , habens circulum exteriorem , et quod nil sit extra illum circulum , & ubi aliter inventus fuerit , fabricator et custos ejus sint in misericordia nostra de toto catallo suo . Item si quis cambiaverit Denar . vel argentum alibi quam ad Cambium nostrum ( salvo Cambio Domini Cantuariensis Archi Episcopi apud Cant. ) tam cambiens quam recipiens , cum eo quod cambiaverint , capiantur . Et assisum est , quod nullus capiat ad Cambium pro libra de fine et argento plus vel minus quam Denar . de lege ; et quod nullus denarius exeat de Cambio nostro , vel Dom Cantuar. nisi sit legalis de Victualorum . Itē inquiratur per liberos et legales homines in Civitatibus , Burgis & Villis , quis Christianus vel Judaeus denarretondit , et qui inventus fuerit retonsor Christianus vel Judaeus , capiantur omnia catalla sua , et corpus suum mittatur in prisonam nostram , et sit in potestate nostra de Justitia facienda . Item si denarii qui non sint rationabiles de lege & pondere inventi fuerint in manu Judaei aurifabri , vel Mercatoris forinseci vel servientium eorum , pro merchandisa , vel prestito faciendo , assisum est , quod illi in quorum manu fuerint inventi , ( nisi tantum ad victum & vestitum suum emendo , ut praedictum est ) capiantur . T. me-ipso apud Winton , 26. die Jan.

The same year King Iohn granted this ensuing safe-conduct to one Hamechun a Jew , to come and reside in England like other Jews .

Rex , Pat. 6 Johan . 〈◊〉 . 7. intus . &c. Iusticiariis , &c. Sciatis quod dedimus Hamichuno Judaeo nostro firmam pacem nostram , ita quod concessit salvò venire et ibi stare , sicut alii Iudai nostri in terram nostram , pro bono servicio suo quod nobis fecit in Castro Audel . cum dilecto & fideli nostro R. Constab . Cestriae . Et ideo vobis mandamus et firmiter praecipimus , quod firmam pacem nostram sicut praedictum est , habeat . Teste me-ipso apud Westm. 2 die Novembr .

The Jews by m m Hoveden , Annal. pars posterior , p. 745. Capitula de Iudaeis , enacted and published by Rich. the 1 recited at large in my former Demurrer , were obliged to register all their Contracts , Morgages , Obligations , Debts , and to put them into a common Chest with 3 Locks and Keyes , kept by certain Christians and Jewes specially designed for that purpose , as you may there read at last . This Chest was called n n Se● Purchas Pilgrimage l. 2. c. 10. sect. 7. Arca Cyrographica , or Cyrographorum Iudaeorum : and the Notaries or Registers of them stiled , Cyrographi Christiani et Iudaei Arcae Cyrographicae London , Oxon , or other such City where such Chests were kept . All their Deeds , Obligations , and Releases were usually called Stars , and Starra , Starrum , Starr : in our Latin Records . from the Hebrew word SHETAR ( contracted by the omission of he ) which signifieth a Deed or Contract . These Stars were written for the most part in Hebrew alone , or else in Hebrew on the one side or top of the parchment , and in Latin on the other side , or bottom of the Deed after the Hebrew . Some of these Stars were sately extant amongst the evidences and writings belonging to the Dean and Chapter of Westminster , writ in very fair Hebrew Characters ; and one of them I have lately seen in the Treasury of the Exchequer , written in Hebrew without pricks , In King Iohns Reign , at the Top ; the substance whereof is thus expressed in Latin just under it , lik an English Condition under a Latin Obligation .

Istud Star fecit Hagius filius Magri de London , Domino Ade de Strattona , de acquietantia de Stanmore de omnibus debitis in quibus Dominus S , de Cheyndut ei tenebatur : Ita quod idem Iudaeus nec haeredes sui , nihil exigere possunt de praedicto Ade , nec de haeredibus suis ratione terrae de Stanmore de praedictis debitis . If any Christian indebted and obliged to any Jew by any Star or writing put up & reserved in this Chest payed not the same at the day appointed , tother with all the interest where any interest was reserved ; then he sued forth Letters by way of Proces against him , both for the Debt and interest under the Notaries or Registers hand , to appear before the Iustices specially appointed for the government and custody of the Jews , to recover the same , paying to the King for a fine for such Letters and Licence to sue , unum basantum , or besantum ( as it is variously written ) for every pound of money he sued for , as appears by sundry instances in the fine Rolls both of King Iohn , Henry the 3. and Edward the 1. of which we have these 3 instances together in the fines of the 6 year of King Iohns reign .

* * Fines ● Ioh. 〈…〉 . Isaac filius Joie habet literas super Martinum Martel de xxv marcis , cum lucro , per Cirografum .

Elias de Burgi Judaeus habet literas super eundem Martinum Martel de xx libris , cum lucro , per Cirografum .

Manasserus Grassus habet literas super eundem Martinum Martell de xxiiii marcis , cum lucro , per Cirografum ; Dominus Rex DEBET HABERE DE QUALIBET LIBRA UNUM BASANTUM .

* * Fines 6. Joh. m. 6. And in the same Roll of this year there is one more such president ,

Mosse Judaeus fil . Leonis habet literas super Walterum fil . Radi de Huncetanosiot de xlviii marc . cum lucro per Cirografum , Capiatur de qualib . libra 1 Besantum ad opus Domini Regis .

In the Treasury of Receipts in the Exchequer in the xth . year of King Iohn , there is this Record touching the manner of proving the validity of the Jews Charters , if denied , or alleaged to be counterfeit , by the testimony of two Christians and two Jews , &c. according to the forementioned Charter of King Iohn .

Inter Placita apud Westm . Anno x Regis Johannis Termino Hilarii in Octabis Sancti Hilarii Rotulo 9 in dorso .

Samuel Mucun & Muriel Judaea petunt versus Herebertum filium Heb. CCCCl . de Catallis de debito Israel , Suthantes ss. per quandam Cartam ; et producunt duos Christianos & duos Judaeos paratos ad hoc probandum prout Curia consideraverit . Herebertus dicit , quod Carta illa falsa est , & ideo falsa , quia Sigillum illud nunquam suum fuit , nec Cartam illam fecit , nec pecuniam illam mutuo recepit : & producit Sigillum suum Eburneum & plurimas Cartas , Sigillo illo Sigillatas , tam de Abaciis , quam de confirmatione terrarum . And hereupon I find no further proceedings in this Record ( printed a little out of its due place , before these ensuing proceeding it in time , could be transcribed . )

It seems every Jew in that age had his proper Seal to Seal Charters , Stars and Obligations therewith , which yet were good in Law if really sealed by him though with any other Seal than his own .

In the 5 year of King Iohn , the Jews of London being assaulted , disturbed and misused by the people against the Kings protection and peace , thereupon the King at their request , sent this sharp Letter to the Mayor and Barons of London , committing the Jews there to their protection and defence . and threatning severely to punish , and require their blood at their hands , if they should suffer any injury through their default .

* * Pat. 5. Joh. Regi . m. 7. n. 18. Rex , &c. Majori & Bar. London , &c. Semper dileximus vos multum , & jura & libertates vestras bene observari fecimus , unde credimus vos nos specialiter diligere , & ea quae ad bonorem nostrum , & pacem & tranquilitatem terrae nostrae eduntur , libenter velle prestare . Verum cum sciatis , quod Judaei in speciali nostra protectione sint ; miramur , quod Iudaeis in civitate London morantibus malum fieri sustinetis ; cum id manifeste sit contra pacem Regni , & terrae nostrae tranquilitatem : Ita quidem magis miramur et movemur , quia alii Iudaei per Angliam ubicunque moram fecerunt , exceptis illis qui sunt in villa vestra , in bona pace consistunt . Nunc id tamen diximus pro Iudaeis nostris , pro pace nostra , quia si ●uidam tantum pacem nostram dedissemus , debetur inviolabiter observari . De caetero autem Iudaeos in civitate London morantes , vestrae committimus custodiae , ut si quis eis malum facere attentaverit , vos manu forti eis subsidium facientes , eos defendatis . Vestris enim manibus eorum sanguinem modo requiremus , si forte per defectum vestri aliquid mali eis acciderit , quod absit . Scimus enim bene quod per fatuos Villae et non per discretos hujusmodi eveniunt , et debent discreti fatuorum Stultitiam compescere . Teste meipso apud Montem fortem 29 die Julii .

This smart Letter demonstrates the Kings cordial affection to the Jews , though more for his own advantage than theirs .

In the Fine Rolls of the 6 of King Iohn I find this Kecord .

* * Fines 6. Jo. Reg. m. 3. Warwic . Galfr. de Salvage dat 10 Mar. ut Willus de Hardreshal acquietet ipsum versus Jacob. Iudaeum Northampton de plegagia debiti , unde pleg . Willi. fuit versus eundem Iudaeum , et unde queritur , quod pro defectu ejus distringitur : Et mandat . est licent . quod si ipse Willus non fuerit , et ipse Galfr. ips . sect. &c.

In the Clause Rolls of the 7 & 9 years of K. Iohn I find these 3 short records manifesting the Kings power both to remit their usury , due upon contracts , and to respite their debts themselves .

* * Claus . 7. Joh. Reg. m. 26. Rex Constabulario Wallingford , &c. Praecipimus tibi quod pacem habere facias Roberto de Maure de usuris debiti Iudaeorum de termino quem monstrare poterit , quod fuerit in servicio nostro cum equis et armis ultra mare per praeceptum nostrum . Teste meipso apud Wodestoke 25 die Maii , per Iusticiarios .

* * Claus , 9. Joh. Reg. m. 5. Rex W. de Warren et sociis suis , &c. Mandamus vobis , quod quietum esse faciatis Abbatem sanct: Radegunde de usuris debitorum Iudaeorum , de duobus annis proxime praeteritis usque ad instans Pasche anno reg. nostri 9. dum fuit in servicio nostro , per praeceptum nostrum . Et Summoneatis Iudaeos quibus ipse debita debet , quod sint coram Iusticiario nostro G. fil . Petri , & eoram nobis a die Pasche in 15 dies , ad recipiendum ab eo finem debitis illis . Et mandetis Vic●quibus necesse fuerit , quod nullam interim districtinem faciant eidem Abbati pro debitis illis reddendis , T. G. fil . Petri apud Suth . 25 die Marcii .

* * Claus . 9. Jo. Reg. m. 6. Rex W. de Warren et sociis suis custodibus Iudaeorum , &c. Mandamus vobis quod quietum esse faciatis Rogerum Wesperill de usuris debitorum quae debet Simoni Iudeo Oxon. ab hoc inst. Pasce anno Reg. nostri 9. usque ad Pasche prox . sequent . et interim ei respectum habere faciatis de praedict. debitis . T. Aaron . Norwic. apud Clarenden 21 die Marcii , per eundem .

By these 3 Presidents it is apparent , that the Jews Usury was condemned , and no ways favoured by King Iohn and his Justices in that age , long before either the Statute of Merton 20 H. 3. c. 5. or De Iudaismo 3 E. 1. c. 1. were enacted , and that the King would by no means permit it to run against any whilst actually imployed in his service , nor others whom he favoured , to whom he released the Usury at his pleasure , and his Judges likewise by his command .

In the Roll of Fines of the 9 year of King Iohn I find these two cases concerning extents of Lands for the debts of Jews in that age .

* * Fines 6 Joh. Reg. in 2 Dors. Margareta de Lucy dat quinque marcas pro habenda haereditate de Kerchel , et de Hammes quam Robertus de Lucy quondam vir ejus invadiavit Iudaeis in vita sua ; & quod Iudaei capiant se a debito , quod idem Robertus eis debuit super praedictum vadium , ad haeredem ips●us Roberti , qui haereditatem suam tenet . Et mandatum est Vicecomiti , quod accepta ab ea securitate de praedictis 5 marcis , faciat ei habere plenariam seisinam de praedicta haereditate sua , quae capta fuit in manum Domini Regis occasione praedicta . Et mandatum est Iusticiariis Iudaeorum , quod de praedicto debito capiant se ad haereditatem praedicti Roberti , quam haeres ejus tenet .

The husband morgaged his wives inheritance to a Jew for a debt , and dies , for which the wives lands being taken by way of extent into the Kings hands , upon the Wives suit and fine of 5 marks , her land is discharged , & the husbands land descended to his heir charged with , and extended for it ; all the lands of the Jews Debtors on that age ( before the Statutes of Acton Burnel , or de Mercatoribus 13 E. 1. ) being liable to extents for their debts , as this Record of the same year resolves , especially if assigned , forfeited to , or seised by the King .

* * Fines 9 Joh. Reg. m. 5 Mandatum est Baronibus de Scaccario , quod omnes terras quas Jollarius de Anumdevil habuit tempore quo ipse mutuo accepit debita de Aaron Judaeo , capiantur in manum Dom. Regis quicunque illas teneat , pro 200 & 72 libris , quas ipse Domino Regi debuit de debito Aaron ; & fimiliter districtionem faciatis de omnibus aliis quae Dom. Regi tenentur de debito Aaron de 26 lib. 8 sol . & 9 d.

By this Record it appears , that debts to Jews in that age were in the nature of Judgements and Statute , binding all the debtors lands he had at the time of the money borrowed , into whose hands soever they came afterwards .

The King at this time claimed such an absolute jurisdiction over the Jews debts , that he used to discharge or release them absolutely , or for life , and to respite them as he pleased , as this and other presidents manifest .

* * Patents 10. Job . R. m. 5. Rex omnibus , &c. Sciatis quod quietavimus Roberto silio Rogori tota vita sua , de omnibus debitis Judaeoorum , Willi de Chesney patris Margaretae uxoris ejusdem Roberti ; & praecipimus quod inde sit quietus , tota vita sua : & in hujus rei testimonium , has literas nostras Patentes ei fieri fecimus . Teste meipso apud Wimo , 19 die Augusti .

In the 13 year of King John ( of which there are no Rolls or Records in the Tower ) I meet with this notable Record in the Treasury of the Exchequer , touching the Jews assignment of their debts to Christians and exrents upon them by Judgement of the Justices assigned for the custody of the Jews , whom the assignee thereupon vouched to warranty in this case .

Placita a die Sancti Michaelis in 15 dies Anno Regni Linc. ss. Regis Johannis 12. capta apud Westmonasterium , inter alia sic continetur , & sequitur , Rotulo secundo

Assisa venit recogn . si Rob●rtus de Kanvill injuste & sine Judicio disseseivit Willielmum Couse & Beatricem uxorem ejus in Lincoln infra Assisas , & Robertus venit & dicit , quod Assisa non debet procedere , quia ipse babet seisinam inde per preceptum Domini Regis , ut ille qui fecit finem cum Judaeis quibus idem Willielmus debuit debitum super tenementum illud : unde ipse profert Cartas Judaeorum , quas ipsis acquietavit per finem illum : & vocat Justiciarios Judaeorum ad Wa●rantum , quod habuit inde seisinam per eos ut de vadio suo : Quia nihil Juris clamat in tenemento illo , nisi ut de vadio , & Justiciarii Judaeorum sic warrantizant : ideo consideratum est , quod Willielmus in misericordia & Robertus teneat in vadium suum .

By the Clause Roll of the 15 of King Iohn it appears , that the King then seised , granted , and sold the houses of the Jews at his pleasure ( as a Lord his Villains ) without any other Title but his absolute Soveraignty over them , witnesse these Writs of his compared together .

* * Claus . 15. Jo. Reg. m. 3. Rex Majori & Vicecom. London , &c. Sciatis quod dedimus dilecto & fideli nostro Com. de Ferrariis domum Isaac Judaei de Norw . &c. in London in parochia Sanctae Margaretae , cum redditibus & omnibus pertinentiis suis , & Cartam nostram eo modo fieri fecimus . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod secundum tenorem ejusdem Cartae nostrae ei sine dilatione plenam seisinam habere faciatis . T. meipso apud Craneborn 8 die Julii .

* * Claus. 15 Jo. Reg. m. 2. Rex Vicecom. & Praeposit . Oxon. salutem . Sciatis quod ad petitionem venerabilis patris nostri N. Tuscul : Episcopi Apostol. sedis . Legati , concessimus Albrico fil . Isaac Judaeo domos suas , et domos quae fuerunt Isaac patris sui in Oxon. , quae non valent per annum nisi viginti sol . ut dicitur . Unde vobis mandamus , quod plenam seisinam domorum illarum ejdem Albrieo fine dilatione habere faciatis , nisi valeant per annum plus quam 20 s. T. W. Brewer apud Freemer 11 die Novemb.

This year the King laid an heavy Tax upon the Jews , at Bristol , which some Jews in Southampton refusing and delaying to pay , the King thereupon issued this Writ to the Sheriff of Southampton to apprehend and send them prisoners to Bristol , unlesse they presently paid it .

* * Claus . 15. Jo. Reg. m. 3. Rex Vic. Suthampton , &c. precipimus tibi quatenus omnes Judaeos de Balliva tua qui nondum peracquietaverunt se de Tallagio apud Bristol super eos posito , vel qui statim se nunc acquietare noluerint ad Castrum de Bristol per literas tuas sine dilatione remittas , et eis ibidem Constabulario nostro liberari facias . Significavimus autem illi quod eos recipiat cum illuc venerint , et omnes denarios quos de illis recipisti vel recepturus es , sicut reipsum diligis , habeas in Scaccario nostro apud Westm. in crastino assumptionis beatae Mariae . T. meipso apud Beneden 26 die Iulii .

* * See my First Demurrer p. 1 These Jews no doubt were ordered thus to be sent to Bristol Castle , to meet with such a Toothdrawer as one of them there found some years before .

This year King Iohn sent these Letters to his Governers and Officers in Rochel , Oleron and Zaunt , to cause the Jews to surcease their exaction of usury there , which you formerly heard he discharged here at home .

* * Pat. 15. Jo. Reg. pars 1. m. 20. Rex Majoribus et praepositis Rupellae , de Aloron , et de Zante , salutem . Mandamus vobis , et singulis vestrum , quod Iudaeos Balliva vestra cessare faciatis ab exactione usurarum quam faciunt . Therefore their usury was suppressed , condemned long before the Statute de Iuddismo in 3. E. 1. This Precept of the Kings I find thu seconded by a Decree of the Popes Legat in those parts , made in the Council of Burdeaux against the Jewish Usury , and rancked in the Van of all the other Decrees there enacted .

* * Pat. 16 Joh. Reg. Dors. 15. Haec sunt Statuta quae venerabilis Pater Robert : de Tur. sarrosanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Leg. sancti Stephani in monte Coelio Presbyter Cardinalis statuit authoritate Legationis suae , in Concilio celebrato apud Burdegal , cum aliis quae in Francia statuit . Sicut praecepit Dominus per pro. in locis suis de Judaeis , ita fiat , ut scilicet Barones omnes quae tenent Judaeos compellant ipsos remittere usuras cruce signatis : Et si hoc efficere contemnunt , compellantur omnes mercatores per censuram ecclesiasticam , ne aliquam communionem cum eis , aut in contractibus , aut in mercimoniis impendant , aut in quibuslibet ; Si autem super hoc Barones incorrigibiles inveniantur censura simili percellentur .

In the Fine Rolls of the 17 of King Iohn pars 1 there is this pardon of a Jews debt , which this King seised to his own use .

An. Dom. 1215. * Dominus Rex pardonavit Nicholao de Wancy 10 lib. quas ei debuit de debitis Iudaeorum ; & mandatum est Baronibus de Scaccario , quod ipsum Nich. de praedict. 10 libr. quietum esse faciant ; T. apud Windsore 16 Julii .

In the 18 and last year of King Iohn , I find his Writ to the Barons of the Exchequer to allow upon the account of Hubert de Burgo , * Claus . 18. Jo. Reg. m. 24. amongst other things , Carnarium Judaeorum & Iudaearum in castro de Lossins . It seems some Jews of both Sexes were then strictly imprisoned , either for their Taxes , or some misdemeanors not mentioned in the Record .

These are the most material Records I have found in my search relating to the Jews affairs , during the not long , but unfortunate troublesome reign of King Iohn : I proceed to those of Henry the 3 his Son and Successor , which are more copious , various and delightfull both for matter and rarity .

In the very first year of King Henry the 3. being ( then an Infant under the wardship of the Earl Marshal his Protect , ) some Iews being formerly arested & imprison'd , there issued forth these Writs and Mandates for their release , the cause of their imprisonment not appearing .

* * Pat. 1. H. 3. m. 8. D● Judaea deliberanda . Mandatum est W. Marescai juniori , quod sine dilatione deliberari faciat Cheram Iudaeam de Winton , quam Galfred de Laurton , et Frnnket servientes sui ceperunt , et captam detinent , et ut permittant ipsam Cheram sine impedimento venire usque Winton , quia Dominus Rex plenam pacem suam ei concessit . T. Com. ( to wit W. Earl Marshal then Protector ) apud Winton 22 die Aprilis , Anno reg. Dom. Regis primo .

Et mandatum est praedictis G. et Franket , quod ipsam Cheram sine dilatione deliberent , et sine impedimento permittant venire ad Winton . T. eodem .

* * Ibidem . Rex Iosceo de Plugenap , salutem . Mandamus vobis firmiter precipientes , quod sine dilatione et occasione aliqua deliberetis , et quietum abire permittatis Ioppe fil . Iocei de Wilton Iudaeum quem cepistis et captum tenetis . Et in hujus rei testimonium , &c. T. Comite apud Winton 21 die Aprilis An. reg. nostri primo .

Rex Rico fil . Rog. salutem . * Ibidem Mandamus vobis sicut alias mandavimus firmiter praecipientes , quod sine dilatione et occasione aliqua deliberetis Isaac fil . Solomonis Iudaeum quem cepistis apud Winton , ipsumque mittatis quietum ad Comitem W. Marescallum Rectorem nostrum et regni nostri apud Winton . In cujus rei testimonium , &c. Teste Com. apud Winton 21 die April . an . reg. nostr. primo .

King Henry in the second year of his raign , being informed by his Counsel what great advantage he might make by the Jews upon all occasions , by the advice of his Counsel sent forth thse special Writs and Le●ters Parents to 24 Burgesses in each Town where the Jews resided , to protect them and theirs from injury ; appointed special Justices for their custody and affaires , and likewise confirmed all their former Liberries for protection of their persons and Estates from violence , and exempting them from the Bishops Jurisdiction , and all other Courts and Judicatures whatsoever , but those Justices he specially appointed for their custody . And likewise commanding all the Jews to wear two white Tables in their breasts ▪ that thereby they might be manifestly distinguished from Christians , and the better known and secured from injury and violence by those their new Protectors .

* * Claus . 2. H. 3. pars 2. m. 10. De Custodia Judaeorum Gloc. Rex Constabulario et Praepositis Gloucest . salutem . Mandamus vobis , quod sine dilatione liberetis Jud●●os nostros Gloucest . 24. Burgensibus Gloucestriae custodiendos ; Nec permitta●is quod ipsi Iudaei ab aliquibus vexentur , & maxime de Cruce signatis vel aliis . Nomina autem Burgensium quibus illos commiteritis custodiendos imbreviari faciatis . Et ipsi &c. T. Com. apud Glouc. x die Martii . Anno reg: nostri secundo .

* * Claus. 2 H. 3. pars . 2. m. 9. Pro Judaeis Linc. Rex . Vic . Lincoln salutem . Praecipimus tibi quod eligas 24. de meloribus et discretionibus Civibus Lincoln , qui custodiant Iudaeos nostros Lincoln , et qui non permittant , quod aliquis eis malum vel injuriam faciat ▪ de Cruce signatis vel aliis : & qui , &c. T. Com. apud Oxon , 30 die Marcii .

* * Pat. 2. H. 3. m. 3. De Justic . Iudaeorum . Rex omnibus Ballivis , et fidelibus suis , salutem , Sciatis , Nos de communi Consilio ●ostro , attornasse dilectos et fideles nostros Ric: de Doli , Magist . Alex. de Dorset , & Elyam de Suvinges ad Scaccarium Iudaeorum custodiend : et ad omnia negocia nostra quae pertinent ad officium illud rectand : per totam Angliam . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod praedicto Ric: Alex. et Elye ●itis intendentes , & in omnibus quae spectant ad officium illud , sicut fieri solebat tempore

* Whom they suceeded . Will : de Wartun , Thom. de Nevil , & Galfr. de Norwic. T. Com. apud West : 8 ▪ die Maii.

Not long after , the same year , there were several writs sent to the Sheriff of Hereford and others , to protect the Jews persons and estates from violence , which the people were prone to offer to them , and to preserve them from all suits and arrests against them for contracts or other things both in the Bishops Ecclesiastical Court , and before the Sheriffs , or Kings ordinary Justices and Judges ; but only before the Justices specially designed for their custody , as in the time of King Iohn , which writs were all sent them in this form .

* * Pat. 2. H 3. pars 1. m. 3. Rex Vicecomiti Hereford salutem : Scias , quod de communi Concilio nos●ro concessimus Judaeis nostris , ut ipsi maneant in Hereford , sicut solebant tempore Domini Johannis Regis Patris nostri , & quod talem habeant communionem qualem habere consueverant inter Christianos . Et ideo tibi praecipimus , quod eos custodias , manuteneas , protegas , non eis in●etens vel inferri permittens , aliquod gravamen vel molestiam , & si aliquis eis in aliquo forisfecerit , id eis sine dilatione facias emendari . Et clamari facias pertotam Ballivam tuam , quod eis sirmam pacem nostram dedimus , non obstante 〈◊〉 pro●i●itione inde facta , ab Episcopo Hereford , 〈◊〉 nihil ad ipsum pertinet de Judaeis nostris . Et prohibemus tibi ne manus mittas in eos , aut in Catalla eorum , nec eos capias aut imprisones , nec in Placitum trahas , aut a Justiciariis nostris ab aliquo trahi permittas ; Set si aliquid fecerint quare poni debeant per vadium & plegios , tunc illos & eorum excessus attachies , quod sint coram Justiciariis nostris ad Custodiam Judaeorum attornatis , inde responsuri , & hoc facias per visum legalium Christianorum & Judaeorum ; Et non permittas quod placitentur in curia Christianitatis occasione alicujus debiti . Et haec omnia fieri facias , sicut fieri solebant tempore Johann . Regis patris nostris Teste Com. apud Turrem London 19 die Junii , Anno &c. secundo .

Eodem modo scribitur Vicecomiti Wigorn. Vicecom. & Civibus Eborum . Vicecomiti & Constabulario Lincoln , & de Stanford , & Constabulario Bristol . pro Judaeis de Bristol , & Vicecom. & Constabul . Gloucest . pro Judaeis Gloucestriae , & Vicecom. & Constab . Northamton : & Vicecom. Suthampton , & civibus Winton pro Judaeis : There being Jews then residing in all these places .

In the 2 year of King Henry the 3. I find this Kings Writ to several Sheriffs where the Jews resided , to proclaim , that all the Jews where ever they did walk or ride , should on their upper Garments wear 2 white Tables on their breasts , made of Linnen Cloath or parchment , as well within the Town as without , that so they might be known from Christians .

Rex Vicecomiti Wigorniae salutem : 2 Claus. 2 H. 3 ▪ in . 10. Dors. Praecipimus tibi , quod clamari & observari facias per totam Ballivam tuam ; quod omnes Judaei deferunt in superiori indumento suo , ubicunque ambulaverint aut equitaverint infra villam vel extra , quasi duas Tabulas albas in Pectore , factas de lineo panno , vel de parcameno : Ita quod per hujusmodi signum manifestè possint Iudaei à Christianis discerni . Teste Comite ( to wit , William Marshal Earl of Glocester the Kings Guardian and Protector ) apud Oxon. 30. die Martiii .

Item mandatum est Vicecomit . Glocest . Warwick , Lincoln , Oxon , Northampt. Majori & Vicecomitibus London .

* * Fine 2 H. 3. m. 7. In the Fine Roll of 2 H. 3. there is a writ directed to the Barons of the Exchequer by the King ; reciting , Constat Nobis per inspectionem rotulorum Iusticiariorum de Iudaismo , &c. that King Iohn his Father released Mirabilia the wife of Ely a Jew , of all Debts due to him by her Husband : Ita quod omnes Chartae quae fuerunt ipsius Eliae , & debita in eis contenta ipsi patri nostro remaneant : that King Iohn upon Elye his death , seized and granted all his houses , except two , which Mirabilia by agreement was to have , paying a fine of 15 marks to his Father , which was not yet paid ; which agreement he confirmed , and thereupon orders the Sheriff to levy the said Fine and Debts . T. Com: apud Gloc. 3. die Ian.

It appears by many Rolls of 2. ( and also of 3 , 4 & 5. ) H. 3. that King Iohn seized and ga●e away to other● the Houses of divers Jews , both in Glocester , Oxon , Northampton , and that King Henry likewise disposed of them ; as escheated to him , either by the Jews deaths , or for some other causes : Take these two presidents for all the rest .

* Claus. 2 H. 3. part 2. m. 2. Claus . 3. H. 3. pars 1. m. 12. Claus . 4. H. 3. m. 13. * Rex Ful● : de Breant , salutem ; Mandamus vobis quod sine dilatione habere fac . Pho : Marc. domum quae fuit Isaac Iudaei de Eboraco in Northampton , et domum quae fuit Isaac Judaei Oxon in Oxon , quas Dom. Jo. pr. noster dedit Galf. Luterel , cujus terrae et haeredis custodiam concessimus eidem Pho. T. Com. apud West . 17 die Jan. per ipsum Com. coram Dom. Winton .

Eodem modo scribitur Vic. Oxon. pro eodem , et Ballivis Iudaeorum Oxon. pro eodem .

Rex Vic. Glouc. salutem ; * Claus . 3. H. 3. pars 2. m. 2. De domibus Judaeorum Glouc. Constat nobis per inspectionem Rotulorum nostrorum , quod Dom. J. Rex , pater noster , dedit Guiberto de Rue Domum quae fuit Elye Iudaei Gloc. &c. cum quadam placita quae fuit Mossei Judaei cum pert . suis : Et ideo tibi praecipimus quod eidem Guiberto de praedict. domo & placia plenariam seisinam sine dilatione habere fac . T. Dom: Pet. Winton apud Novum Templum London , 23. die Sept. per eundem .

In the 3d. year of King Henry the 3. some Jews coming into England from foreign parts with their goods to reside there , the Wardens of the Ports of England seised upon the persons and estates of these unwelcom Guests ; which occasioned these new Writs to be sent unto them , for their free admission into England without impediment or seizure , upon such security and terms as are expressed in the Writs , and prohibiting the transportation of any Jews or their Chattels out of this Land into foreign parts , without the Kings special Letters and License being once within his power .

o o Pat. 3. H. 3. pars 2. m. 6. ● . ● . Rex Custodibus Portuum Angliae . Praecipimus vobis quod Judaeos qui venturi sunt in terram nostram Angliae de transmarinis partibus ad morandum in terra nostra Angliae , cum catallis suis , liberè , et sine impedimento in portu nostro ●●cedere permittatis , accepta ab eis sufficienti securitate , secundum Legem Judaeorum per fidem eorundem , quod quam citius poterint , veniant ad Iusticiarios nostros ad custodiam Judaeorum assignatos ad inrotuland : nomina eorum in rotulis nostris . Et si aliquem Judaeum qui de partibus transmarinis venerit , sicut praedictum est , retinueritis , ipsum et catalla sua sine dilatione deliberari faciatis . Si quos autem inveneritis Iudaeos de terra nostra qui ad vos venerint ad transfretandum usque ad partes transmarinas sine literis nostris de licentia transfretandi , ipsos cum catallis suis arrestari faciatis , donec a Nobis , vel a Iusticiariis nostris ad custodiam Indaeorum assignatis inde aliud mandatum habueritis . T. Petro Winton Episcopo apud Westm. 13 die Novemb. Anno Regni nostri tertio .

Divers Debtors of the Jews made a fine with king Iohn in the 10th . year of his reign to be paid at certain terms , of which payments they failing , the Jews thereupon paying the fine had these debts assigned them by king Henry the 3. and a precept to extend all the lands they had in 10 of king Iohn , prohibiting the taking of any use from them before the kings assignment , but allowing use afterwards , as this Record demonstrates .

* * Pat. 3. H. 3. m. 6. de Debitis Judaeorum . Rex Vic. Lincoln et Eborum salutem . Quia Gilb. de Bercumworth , Norm : de Arecy ( and 5 more there named ) non servaverunt terminos suos de fine quem fecerunt cum Dom. Rege patre nostro de debitis Iudaeorum : Nos de consilio nostro die Sancti . Martini , An. reg. nost. 3. Liberavimus Helie de Linc. Iudaeo , debita eorundem de quibus finem fecerunt , per finem quem idem Helie nobis fecit . Ita quod de eisdem debitis , exigere possit totum catallum suum sine lucre quod sibi de cetero proveniet . Et ideo praecipimus G. de Bercumworth quod sine dilatione reddat eidem Helie 316 l. 10 s. ( cum lucro quod sibi excreverit a praedicto die sancti Martini ) Item praecipimus Norm . de Arecy quod sine dilatione reddat eidem Helie 23 l. 17 s. &c. ( reciting the other 5 debts at large ) cum lucris quae de praedictis debitis excreverit a praedicto termino . Et nisi fecerint , tunc sine dilatione seisiatis ipsum H. ( and the rest ) de omnibus terris et redditibus quae fuerunt praedict. debitorum in Balliva vestra , An. regni Dom. I. regis patris nostri decimo , quae scil. terrae et redditns sunt vadia nostra pro praedict. debitis , sicut contineretur in rotulis nostris in quibus Cartae & Ciro●grapha omnium praedictorum irrotulentur , et ipsum in 〈◊〉 illa custodiatis , et manuteneatis ; non ei inferentes aut inferri permittentes in seisina illa aliquod gravamen vel molestiam . Istud autem mandatum nostrum ita diligenter ex●quamini , ne pro defectu vestri debita nostra ad terminos eidem Helie Statutos remaneant insoluta , &c. T P. Winton Epo ▪ apud Winton . 13 die Nov. An. reg. n. tertio .

After which follows this Patent reciting that Isaac of Norwich a Jew made a fine of 10000 marks to King Iohn ( a vast summe in that age ) to be paid by a mark every day till it was satisfied .

* * Pat. 3. H. 3. 〈◊〉 . 6. Rex Baronibus de Scac. salutem . Sciaris quod recepimus per manum Vener . Patris nostri P. Wynton , Epis. in 15 dies post Nativ . Sancti . Iohis . Baptistae , an . &c. 2. Usque ad festum St. Martini An. &c. tertio . Utraque die computata , quolibet die 1 marc . de fine quem Isaac de Norw . fecit nobiscum pro 1 marc . nobis singulis diebus reddend ▪ pro fine 10 mil. marcarum quem fecit cum Dom. Ioh. Rege patre nostro , Et rei hujus , &c. per ipsum Com. et ipsum Wynton . Epis. An. &c. 3.

The Jews in that age and before , used to assign over Debts to the King , to satisfie their Taxes , and other duties : whereupon the King gave them a discharge from being sued for these debts but only before himself , his Chief Justice , or the Justices assigned to them ; witness this Prohibition .

Rex omnibus Ballivis , * Pat. pars 2. an . 3. H. 3. m. 1. &c. Prohibemus quod non permittatis quod aliquis Judaeus vel Judaea , in Balliva vestra trahat in Placitum Mossaeum fil . Isaac de Colecester Judaeum , de debito W. Hastings , quod ei liberavimus per finem quem modo nobiscum fecit ; quod quidem debitum idem Mosseus et fratres sui , haeredes praedicti Isaac , liberaverunt quietum in Thesaurarium nostrum in salvatione debiti quod dictus Isaac debuit Domino Johanni Regi patri nostro , nisi coram Nobis , vel Capitali Justiciario nostro , vel Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam Judaeorum assignatis : sine ●o quod inde speciale mandatum nostrum habuerint . T. H. de Burgo , &c.

In the 5 year of Henry the 3. The King granaed the Custody of a Jews house in Melchstreet escheated to him till his full age by this writ .

* * Claus . 5. H. 3. m. 17. De Dom. Judaeorum . Rex Rico de Dol. et Magist . Alex. de Dorset , et sociis suis ad custod . Judaeorum assignatis , salutem . Sciatis nos concessisse dilecto nostro Luce Capellano , H. de Burgo Justiciarii nostri , custod . domus et terrae cum pertinentiis quae fuerunt Solomonis de Melchstreet Judaei , quae sunt in manu nostra sicut escaeta nostra occasione Judaeorum , usque ad aetatem nostram . Et ideo vobis praecipimus quod eidem Luce plenam seisinam sine dilatione habere faciatis . T. H. apud Turr. London 7 die Ian. an . reg. n. 5. per eundem

In the 7 year of this King the Archbishop of Canterbury , and Bishop of Lincoln had issued forth Precepts , That none should buy any thing of , nor sell any victuals or necessaries to the Jews , nor have any communnion with thum ( being excommunicated persons for their infidelity and usury by the Laws of the Church : ) whereupon the King issued forth this ensuing Writ to the Sheriffs and Maior of Canterbury and Lincoln , and the like Writs to others upon the Jews complaint , commanding all to sell them victuals and other necessaries , and apprehend and imprison those that refused , notwithstanding the Bishops inhibition .

* * 7. H. 3. part 2. m. 29. dors. Rex Vicecomiti Lincoln , & Majori Cantuariae , salutem . Osten●●●nt nobis Judaei nostri Lincolniae , quod ratione praecepti Venerab . patr. S.S. Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi , et Episcopi Lincoln . facti de Judaeis , ne quis eis victualia vendant , nec communionem habeant cum eis , nec inveniant aliquem qui eis aliquid vendant : Ideo vobis praecipimus quod visis Literis istis , praecipi et clamari faciatis ex parte nostra in Balliva vestra , quod vendantur eis victualia , et alia necessaria in Civitate Cantuariae et alibi illum capiatis , et corpus ejus salvo custodiatis , donec aliud mandatum praeciperimus . Teste H. &c. apud Westmon . 10 die Novemb●is .

Eodem modo ●cribitur Majori & Praeposito Oxon. de Iudaeis Oxon. et . Ballivis de Norwic. de Iudaeis Norwic .

In the Fine Rolls of 7 H. 3. I find several respites of Debts demanded from the Jews by the Kings Officers by processe out of the Kings Exchequer for the Jews , till the next account upon several grounds , take these two instances for all the rest of that nature in this Roll , which I shall omit .

* * Fines 7 H. 3. m. 2. pars 1. Ebor . Mandatum est Vicecomiti Eborum , quod Demandam quam facit Eustachiae de Courtenay de debitis Judaeorum per summonitionem Scaccarii , in respectu ponat usque super proximum Compotum suum ad festum Sancti Michaelis anno , &c. 7. ut tunc coram S. Justiciar . ad custodiam Judaeorum assignat . discuriatur , utrum ipsa de debitis illis respondere debeat , cum ipsa nihil teneat de tertis quae fuerunt Willielmi filii Anceturi quondam viri sui , qui debita illa bebuit , nisi nomine dotis . Test , H. &c. apud Westm. 7 die Sept.

* * Ibid. Kanc. Mandatum est Vicecomiti Kanciae , quod demanda 46 solidorum et 8 denariorum quam facit Willielmo Cissori nostro de debitis Judaeorum , per summonirionem Scaccarii nostri , in respectu ponat usque super prox . Compotum suum ad festum Sancti Michaelis , Anno reg. nostri septimo . T. ut supra per eundem .

Four Jews committed for killing an English man , were bai●ed and delivered to 9 other Jew●●heir bail , by this Writ in 9 H. 3. and their goods , writings , Letters rents seised in the interim .

* * Claus . 9. H. 3. pars 3. m. 7. Rex vic. Suthamt . salutem . Praecipimus tibi quod Abrahamum de Cant. Samaris fil Lumbard , Eliam fil . Chierie & Abrah. sil . Aiare Iudaeos , captos & detentos in prisone nostra per praeceptum nostrum , pro morte Willi. fil . Rici , fil . Gervas●i , unde idem Ricus eos appellat , tradas in Ball. Lumbardo Duleberigint , ( and 5 others there named ) Judaeis nostris Wint. cum omnibus catallis quae sunt Judaeorum de morte praedict ▪ appellatorum , quas ipsi habeant in terris , redditibus , Cirographis , Talliis et rebus al●is in manum nostram capiatis , Et per visum hominum Legalium imbrev●atis , usque ad prox . adventum nostrum apud Winton . & praedictos Lumbard . &c. qui praedictos Judaeos de praedicta morte appellatos in ball . ceperunt , et corpora dictor . Judaeorum appellatorum ad veritatem inde plenius attingend . et dic praedicto Rico. quod tunc sit coram vobis appellum suum versus eos inde prosecuturus . Et habeas ibi hoc breve . T. R. apud Winton 12 die Julii , An. 9. coram Justic .

In the 10 of H. 3. I find this Record conteini●g an agreement with some Jews concerning a Debt which the King commands to be observed , because inrolled .

* * Claus . 10. H. 3. m. 3. De qu●dam fine in Judaismo tenendo Mandat . est Iustic , ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis quod finem quem Willus de Lancaster fecit coram eis pro Rogero de Leiburn cum Bonefaunt de Glou. Mirabile mater ejus Iudaei , ( and 6 more Jews there named ) de debito quod ipse Roger eis debuit , qui quidem finis irrotulatus est in Rotulo Scac. Iudaeorum ▪ ut dicitur , sicut recordatus fuit coram ipsis Iusticiariis , et irrotulatus , teneri faciant . T. R. apud Gaytington 17 die Julii Anno R. n. 10.

Fines 10. H. 3. m. 9. Respite is given Benedicto Crespen , & aliis Iudaeis , to pay a great debt annually to the King at certain terms by set sums , and the Justices for the Jews to allow it . And Ibid. Dors. 4. Memorandum quod Dom. Rex pardonavit Roberto de Wolfraton 9 marc . quas debet Leoni Iudaeo Linc. unde loquendum est ei cum eodem Iudaeo ad Scac. Dom. Reg. coram Iustic . ad custod . Iudaeorum assignatis , et quod charta sine dilatione ei reddatur , that so he might not sue him on it afterwards .

In the 11 of H. 3. one Augustine a Iew turning a Christian Convert at Canterbury , the King commanded the Sheriff to restore him his house , ( which was forfeited upon his conversion ) by this Precept .

Mandatum est Vic. Kant . quod habere faciat Augustino converso quandam domum in Iudaismo in Cant. quae sua fuit antequam ad fidem converteretur , non obstante eo quod conversus est . T. Rege apud Red. 17. die Jan. * Claus. 11 H. 3. m. 21.

Anno 14. H. 3. some Iews were sent up Prisoners to the Tower and ordered to be speedily tried for stealing of cloth and clipping of money , as this Warrant manifests .

* * Claus . 14. H. 3. m. 14. ●e Judaeis ●ustodiend . in turre London . Mandatum est Constab . Turris London , quod Iudaeos subscriptos quos Rex ad eum mittit , per Adam Custard , & Richard de Donne , Servientes Vic. Salop : Viuianum : & Bell : uxor : ejus , Isaac & Ann. uxor ▪ ejus , et Aguinam Judaeam , et Aaron , rectatos de latrocinio panni et Tonsura Denariorum , recipiat , et ipsos in Turre London salvo custodiat , quousque Stephanus de Sedgrave venerit London ; cui Rex mandavit , quod in primo adventu suo usque London , ipsos Judaeos coram se venire faciat : et si ipsos inde culpabiles invenerit , de ipsis fieri faciat quod secundum consuetudinem Angliae fuerit faciendum . T. Rege apud Reading 3. die Martii .

Et mandatum est ipsi Stephano quod in primo adventu suo London loquelam illam audiat , et de illis quos inde culpabiles invenerit fac . judicium fieri secundum Legem et consuetudinem Regni , non expectata super hoc praesentia Regis , et de aliis qui non sunt culpabiles , faciat quod viderit faciendum , &c. T. ut supra .

In the 15 of H. 3. the King sent this Writ to the Sheriff of Kent commanding him to summon 6. of the richest and potentest Jews of Canterbury , and so many more of Rochester , to appear before him at Westminster to hear his command , and to bring up with them all their own and the other Jews arrerages of Canterbury and Rochester , of the 8000 marks , and likwise of the 6000 marks , ( not long before imposed on them ) with the arrears of the 1000. marks promised to him by the Jews of England to respite their debts , witness the Record it self .

Mandatum est Vicecom ▪ Kanc. quod sicut seipsum et * Claus. 15 H. 3. m. 16. dors. omnia sua diligit , venire faciat coram Rege apud Westm. à die Pasche in 15 dies , Sex : de ditioribus et potentioribus Iudaeis villae Cantuariae , et totidem de villa Roff. ad audiendum ibidem praeceptum Regis . Ita quod ad eundem terminum habeant ibidem omnia arreragia sua propria sine omni dilatione , similiter et arreragia omnium Iudaeorum praedictarum villarū , quae Dom. Regi debent , tam de Tallagio 8. millia marcarum , quam de Tallagio 6 millia marcarum , e● preterea id quod ad Iudaeos praedictarū villarum adhuc pertinet Regi reddendum de mille marcis quae Regi promissae fuerunt nomine omnium Iudaeorum Angliae pro respectu habendo debitis quae ab eis exigebantur : Ea diligentia hoc praeceptum Regis executur : ne pro defectu suo ad eum Rex se graviter capere debeat . Et habeat ibi nomina illorum sex Iudaeorum , et hoc breve . T. Rege apud Clarendon , 26 die Marcii .

Anno 16 H. 3. I find this Grant of a Jews house by the King .

* * Claus . 16. H. 3. m. 7. De domo cujusdam Judaei in London dato Rico. Capellae . Rex concessit Richo . de Sancto Johanne Capell : domum illam cum pertinentiis in vico de Pater noster Church London , quae fuit Rici le Ailer , et modo est in manu Jacobi Iudaei London , et Floriae uxoris ejus : habendum de dom. Rege sibi et haeredibus suis , vel ●ni●unque ea dare , vendere , vel aliter assignare voluerit . Et mandatum est Justic . ad custod : Iudaeorum assignatis , quod eidem Rico : de domo praedicto cum pertinentiis , plenam seisinam habere faciant , sicut praedict. est . Teste Rege apud Westmonast . xviii . die Iulii .

† † Fines 16 H. 3. pars 1. m. 7. Ibid. m. 7. Pro quibusdam Iudaeis to pay their fines and debts by certain portions at some terms .

In the 17 year of H. 3. the King imposed a Tax upon the Jews of 10000 marks ; which they being unable to pay presently , had certain dayes assigned to pay it in , by several sums mentioned in this record , some special Jews excepted .

* Pat. 17. H. 3. m. 6. pro Judaeis Angliae . Rex concessit Judaeis Angliae ( exceptis Isaac de Norwic . et Ursell , et fratris sui haeredibus Ham. de Hereford ) quod de 10 mille marcis , quas Regi debent de ultimo Tallagio , solvant ad Scacc. Regis ad festum Sancti Michaelis , An: 17. 500 l. et ad Pasche prox : sequent : 500 l. & si bene respondeant Regi de dictis mille libris ad praedict. terminos , et de aliis arreragiis quae Regi debent ; tunc solvant similiter de eisdem 10000 marcis , anno proximo sequent : 1000 l. ad eosdem terminos scil: ad festum Sancti Michaelis Ann. 18. 500 l. et ad Pasch. prox . seqaen : 500 l. et postea per annum 2000 marc . ad eosdem terminos , donec dictae 10000 marc . sic Regi plene solvantur . Concessit etiam Rex eisdem Judaeis , ( praeter dictis Isaac , et fratribus ejus ) quod interim quieti sint de Tallagio scil: quousque dictae 10000 marc . persolutae fuerint , sicut praedict. est . Ita tamen quod illi Judaei qui manuceperunt pro omnibus Iudaeis Angliae Tallagium 8000 marc . Regi plene respondeant de arreragiis ejusdem Tallagii , & quilibet Judaeus respondeat pro se de arreragiis Tallagii 6000 marc . quia tunc Talliati fuerunt per capita , & de aliis debitis et finibus quae Regi debent , non obstante hoc fine interim Regi respondeant . In cujus &c. T. Pet. Winton Episc. apud Westm. 2 die . Martii . Per eundem & Justic .

It is evident by this record , That there were 3 several Taxes lately imposed , one by the Pol●on every particular Jew , who was obliged to pay his proportion : the other of 8000 marks , imposed on all the Jews generally throughout England , which some of them were engaged to see paid to the King , the other of 10000 marks to be paid at certain dayes , by parcels as aforesaid . The Arrears of all which , besides other Debts and Fines to the King lay charged all on them at once .

In the pleas of the 18 year of King Henry the 3. I find many things touching the Jews and their affairs . As namely , that memorable Plea , concerning the Iews circumcising a child at Norwich ; in the Placita 18 H. 3. rot. 21. kept in the Treasury of the Exchequer ; which because I have printed at large in the 2 Edition of my former Short Demurrer , &c. p. 19 , 20 , 21. and for that it is briefly touched in Mr. Samuel Purchas his Pilgrimage . Edit. 3. lib. 2. c. 10. sect. 7. with this observation on it , out of Celsus , l. 7. c. 25. That by Chirurgery the skin of a circumcised child may be drawn forth again to an uncircumcision : I shall here pretermit , to avoid repetition and prolixity .

The Jews were such unwelcom Guests to all Towns and places in England where they resided , that King Henry granted this ( as a special Priviledg ) by his Charter to the Town of New-castle , and their heirs , that no Iew from thenceforth should remain or reside in their Town , during the reign of him and his heirs , as is evident by this record in the Tower .

t t Claus . 18. H. 3. m. 16. See Cartae & 18 H. 3. Rex Vice●●mi●i Northumberland : salutem : Sciatis , quod concessimus & Carta nostra confirmavimus probis hominibus nostris de Villa Novi Castri super Tynam & haeredibus eorum , Quod habeant hanc Libertatem , quod nullus Iudaeus de caetero Tempore nostro , vel haeredum nostrorum maneat , vel residentiam aliquam faciat in eadem Villa , sicut plenius continecur in Carta regis quam eis modo fieri fecimus : & mandatum est eidem Vicecomiti , quod dictam cartam in pleno●comitatu suo legi et clama●i faciat , et Praedictam Libertatem eis habere permittat , sicut praedictum est . Teste Rege apud Kenit . Quarto die Iulii , per Godfrid : de Crancumb .

If then it were a great Priviledge , Liberty , Benefit , happiness to the Town on New-castle and their heirs , to be thus perpetually exempted from the residence and cohabitation of any Jews amongst them under this King , his heirs and Successors , certainly by the self-same reason it must be so likewise to all other Cities , Towns , and the whole realm of England ; and a great violation of their Liberties , and impeachment of their prosperity now again to introduce these blasphemous old banished Jews amongst the English , against their wills and consents .

In the Plea-rolls of Anno 18 H. 3. 〈…〉 apud Wallingford in Octabis Sant● Trinitatis , Ro● . 1. Dors. & rot. 10. 11. There are many things concerning the Jws affaires , sundry complaints and Inquisitions concerning the oppressions and exactions of Peter de Rivallis , Stephen de Segrave , and Robert de Passelew Justices of the Iews , & for their Bribes received from the Iews , against whom Simon Cirographarius Iudaeorum petit Literas ; And in rot. 17. & 20 , dorso . Peter de Rivallis being then under a cloud , amongst other things proffered to surrender up to the King , totam Forestarium Angliae et Iudaismum , which the King had granted him .

In the 19 H. 3. the King sent this writ to prohibite all Jews hereafter to be obedient to Robert de Passelew , as their Iustice , being discharged of his office for his bribes and misdemeanors .

† † Claus . 19. H. 3. pars 1. m. 21. de Judaeis . Mandatum est Constabulario Turr : London , quod scire faciat Iudeis London , et aliis Iudeis qui apud London venient , quod de catero in nullo sint intendentes vel respondentes Roberto Passelewe de ●iis quae ad custodiam Iud●orum pertinent , donec Dominus Rex aliud inde praeceperit . T. R. apud Gloc. 30 die Maii.

This year also the Jews accused and imprisoned at Norwich for circumcising a child at Norwich the year before , were commannded to be removed thence to the Tower of London , as this record assures us .

* * Claus. 19 H. 3. pars 2. m. 23. De Judaeis mittendis usque London . Mandatum est Vic. Norf. quod Iudaeos de Norwic. captos et detentos in prisona Regis pro transgressione quam fecerunt de quodam parvo Christiano circumcidendo , ut dicitur , suis literis mitti faciat ad custos eorum , usque London ; liberandos ibidem Constabulario Turris London , cui Rex praecepit per literas suas quas eidem Vic. mittit ei mittendas , quod eos recipiat , † † First Demurrer , Edit. 2. p. 19. 20. 21. et eos salvo custodiat . T. R. apud West . 21 die Novemb. The Indictment and whole Proceedings against them I have * * Fines 19. H. 3. m. 15. Norw . de Respectu Judaeis Iudaeorum Norwic . elsewhere at large rela●ed .

●●●nd this respit of their trial for which they paid a fine . De Respectu . Rex Iustic . suis itinerant . in Com. Suff. salutem . Mandamus vobis quod Iudicium quod faciendum est de quibusdam Iudaeis de Norwic. qui capti sunt et detenti in prisona nostra pro transgressione quam fecerunt de quodam puero Christiano circumcidendo ponatis in respectum coram n4obis apud London usque in 15 dies a die Saencti Hil. An. r. n. 19. accepta prius securitate de praedictis Iudaeis de centum marcis ad opus uostrum reddendis , pro hoc respectu habendo , Et habeatis tunc coram nobis recordum illius loquelae . Mandamus enim Vic. Norf. quod cum festinatione praedictos Iudaeos mitti faciat usque Lond. liberandos ibidem Constabulario Turris nostrae London . T. R. apud Westm. 21 die Novemb.

The same year the King sent this writ to the Sheriff of Northfolk and Suffolk to proclaim , That no Iew should lend any money from thenceforth to any Christian that held any Demeasne Lands of the King , in Socage or Villenage upon the lands themselves , but only upon their chattels and moveables , under pain of lofing the money lent , or falling under the Kings amer●ment .

* * Clau● . 19. E , 3. pars 1. m 9 , Dors. De Judaeis . Rex Vicecom. Norf. & Suff. salutem . Praecipimus tibi quod clamari facias per totos Comitatus tuos , Quod nullus Iudaeus de caetero aliquam pecuniam credat alicui Christiano , qui teneat de nobis in Dominicis et Maneriis nostris , per servicium Scocagii uel Villenagii , super terram vel tenementum aliquod quod sit de Dominico nostro , set si ipsi Christiani mutuam videlicet a Iudaeis pecuniam recipere vellint , illam recipiant super vadium catallorum , et rerum mobilium : Et si aliquis contra hoc praeceptum nostrum in posterum venire presumpserit , Iudaeus pecuniam sic creditam amittat , et in misericordiam nostram incidat , et Christianus similiter tenementum suum in perpetuum , videlicet illud quod tam temere contra praeceptum nostrum obligaverit . amittat . Teste Rege apud Certes 1 die Sept. The same year

* * Claus . 19. H. 3. pars 1. m. 23. De Jud●eis avendis de Wicham . Mandatum est Vic. Buck. quod non permittat quod aliquis Judaeus de caetero maneat in villa de Weycumbe sed Iudaeos qui ibidem sunt manentes sine dilatione amoveri fac . et maneant in aliis villis in quibus prius manere consueverant . T. R. apud Herwic , 28 die Novemb.

This year I find this notable proclamation .

Claus 29. H. 3. m. 24. Mandatum est Vicecomiti Norf. et Suff. quod in Civitate de Norwic. et singulis bonis villis Com. suorum , clamari faciat , quod nulla faemina Christiana de caetero serviat Iudaeis ad alendos puerulos suos , vel in aliquo alio officio . Teste R. apud Westm. 20 die Ian. per ipsum regem .

Fines 19. H. 3. m. 3. Vrsilla filia Hamonis de Hereford Judaei , pays a fine of 5000 marks , pro habendis terris , domibus , et omnibus debitis et ca●allis quae fuerunt praedict. Hamonis to be paid at certain days .

Such Fines of Iews to enjoy their fathers houses and chattels , are frequent in the Fine Rolls .

* * Ibid. m. 12. Isaac a Jew was this year fined 100l . de pluribus transgressionibus de quibus convictus fuit coram Justic . Dom. Reg. ad custod . Iudaeorum assignatis .

In this year also the King discharged Aaron a Jew of York from all Tallages whatsoever during his life , paying annually into his Exchequer one hundred marks yearly at two terms for his exemption .

* * Pat. 19. H. 3. m. 14. Pro Aaron J●daeo Ebor . de quietant Tallagii Rex omnibus ad quos presentes litterae perveniunt , salutem . Sciatis quod concessimus Aaron de Ebor. Judaeo , quod ipse toto tempore vitae suae quietus sit de Ta●lagio ; reddendo per annum ad Scac ▪ nostrum Cent. marc . ad duos terminos , scil. 50 mar . ad fest , Pasch. et 50 marc . ad festum Sancti Michis . Ita quod de debitis quae nobis debuit de quibus finem fecit nobiscum , reddend : per annum ad Scac. nostrum cent . solidos quietus erit per praedict. 100 mar . an . In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Suthan 13 die Feb. Et mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custodiam Iudeorum per literas clausas , quod ita fieri et irrotulari faciant . Which exemption is frequently mentioned and ratified afterwards , and yet availed him very little , as I have First Demurrer p. 25. Edit. 2. elsewhere manifested out of Mat. Paris .

* * Fines 20 H. 3. m. 13. Aaron de York to pay 100 marks per an . to the Kings Exchequer to be free from taxes during all his life .

In 20 H. 3. I find this pardon of Usury due to a Jew by the King .

Rex pardonavit Roberto de Pe●tiling totam usuram debitorum quibus tenetur Isaac Judaeo Nottingh . et Benedicto Judaeo Warwic . salva praedictis Judaeis ●orte predict . debitorum . * * Claus . 20. H. 3. m. 10. de pardonatione Usurae . Et mandatum est Justiciariis ad custod . Judaeorum assignatis , quod de usura praedicta ipsum Robertum quietum esse , et ad sortem eorundem debitorum praedict. Judaeis redendam eidem Roberto rationabiles terminos habere faciant . T. Rege apud Winton 10 die Iunii .

This year the Inhabitants of Suthampton being weary of the Jews company , who intruded themselves into the Town , procured this grant from the King to be quit of them ( unlesse by special command ) for the future .

Ibid. m. 10. De Junaeis non remanend . in Suthampt. sine speciali praecepto Regis . Rex concessit Burgensibus suis Suthampton , quod nullus Iudaeus de caetero maneat apud Suthampton sine speciali praecepto Regis : Et mandat . est . Iusticiariis ad custod . Iudaeorum assignatis , quod illinc nullum Iudaeum mittant ad manendum ibi , nec aliquem ibi remanere permittant sine speciali praecepto Regis . T. Rege apud Winton 21 die Iunii .

I conceive all corporations in England will be as unwilling to entertain any Iews now to dwell amongst them , as the Inhabitants of Suthampton ( and those of Newcastle , and Wickham forementioned ) were to receive them in that age .

In this year I find one Iew extending the lands of another Iew for a debt , by this Writ to their Iustices for that end .

Claus. 20 H. 3. m. 10 De extinctu sacienda . Mandatum est Iustic . ad custod . Iudaeorum assignatis . quod per Sacramentnm proborum et legalium hominum extendi faciant Domos et terras Aaronis Benedicti Suthampton in Suthampt. et in la Hull , videlicet quantum valeant per annum in dominicis , redditib●s , serviciis . villenag . et omnibus aliis exitibus : et fac . extendi praedict eidem Aaroni rationabilem finem , et rationabiles terminos habere fac . ad debita in quibus tenetur David Iudaeo Oxon. et Deuleben fil . Ursel . Iudaeo Winton , secundum valorem praedictar . domorum et terrarum e● quantitatem praedictorum debitor●● 〈◊〉 quod i●t●rim cessent usurae ( which here one Jew took of another ) T. R. apud Winton 11 die Jun.

Hen. the 3 in the 21 year of his reign granted the Presbytery of all the Jews of England ( which I conceive to be rather the Custos Rotulorum , or Controlers place in the Kings Exchequer of the Jews , than the Priestly function ) as this Record attests .

† † Claus . 21. H. 3. m. 18. Pro Aaron Judaeo Ebor. Mandatum ●st Iusticia● iis ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis . Quod Rex concessit Aaron Iudaeo Ebor. Presbyteratum omnium Iudaeorum Angliae , cum omnibus pertinentiis suis tenendum tota vita sua : Et quotiens Aaron intendere non possit ad sedend . ad Scaccarium Regis ad officium illud ( therefore certainly it was a temporal office in the Kings Exchequer , not an Ecclesiastical Priesthood in the Jewish Synagogues ) Ioceu fil . Copin loco suo recipiat , ad ea facienda ad Scaccarium regis quae ad officium illud pertinent ( therefore a temporal office only to be executed in the Exchequer , and that by Deputy as well as in proper person , which the Jewish High Priesthood could not be ) Rotulos etiam qui fuerunt Joc●i Presbyteri praedecessoris sui ( ●his Office therefore was to keep the Rolls , as Comptroler ) eidem Aaron , vel praedicto attornato suo habere faciant . T. Rege apud Clarendon 29 die September .

Which record , together with that of Claus. 27 H. 3. ●ars 2. m. 3. hereafter cited , doth most fully convince me upon second thoughts , that the Presbyteratus omnium Iud●orum totius Angliae granted by King Iohn's Charter forementioned , in the 1 year of his reign to Iacob the London Jew , was not an ecclesiastical high Priesthood Epis●opacy , or Priestly Aaronical Function , but exercised over all the English Jews in their Synagogues , as Sir 2 Institutes p. 507 , 508 Edward Coook , M● . Selden , Mr. Pur●has , * * Purchas Pilgrimage Edit. 3. l. 2. c. 10. sect. 7. & Pilgrims l. 9. r. 5. sect. 1. p. 1441. Dr. Fuller , and others generally assert , as a thing beyond disspute , whose venerable Authorities at first induced me to that opinion , but a meer secular Office in the Kings Exchequer of the Jews to keep the Rolls of Comptroll , which this Aaron had now granted to him in the self-same words , † † Church Hist. ● l. 3. p. 84. 85. as are used in King Iohns Charter , and his Predecestors before , and successors after him enjoyned by like Charters from the K. A thing now clear to me upon consideration , that the Jewish Priesthood in the old and new Testam . Latin Authors , and Records , is never stiled Presbyteratus , but * * See Pat. 41. H. 3. m. 4. Sacerdotium , nor their Priest not High Priest ; Presbyter omnium Iudeorum ; but Sacerdos , Pontifex , max. summus Sacerdos , &c. and upon my comparing of several records together since the 3 , 4 , and 5. pages of this second Demurrer printed ( which I could not transcribe , nor compare together till afterwards ) that it is past all dispute .

This year the King imposed a Tax of ten-thousand marks upon the Jews , from the immediate payment whereof no Iew was to be excused or respited , but by the Kings special Writ , as these two Records informe us in this very year .

* * Claus. 21 H. 3. pars 1. m. 19. Mandat●m est Iusticiariis ad custod . Iudaeorum assignatis , quod de arreragiis Tallagii Iudaeorum , de 10 mille marc . quae colligi pre●ipit rex , nullos Iudaeos quietos . esse permittant , nisi Tallagium illud ad Scac. regis pacaverint , vel literas regis de quietancia inde habuerint , vel aliud rationabile Warrantum producant , quod eis de jure sufficere debeat . Teste Rege apud Marleburge 13 die December .

* * Pat. 21. H. 3. m. 6. Pro Aaron Judaeo . Rex quietum clamavit Aaron Iudaeum Ebor. de plegiag . 10 mil. marc . de Tallagio posito super Iudeos . unde idem Aaron fuit unus de 10 plegiis . In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Westm. 18 die Iunii : per Archiepisc . Ebor.

It seems 40 rich Iews were pledges to the King for the due payment of this 10 thousand marks Tallage , whereof Aaron being one , was now discharged by this ●oyal instrument .

Some Iews in Oxford were this year imprisoned for forcibly taking away a Iewish child , converted and baptized ; who being afterwards found , they were released by this writ .

* * Claus. 21 H. 3. pars 1. m. 22. Pro Judaeis Oxon deliberandis . Mandatum est Constab . Oxon : quod omnes Iudaeos quos cepit et captos tenet in Castro Oxon : occasione cujusdam parvi conversi et baptizati , qui dicebatur per ipsos Iudaeos raptus esse , et qui jam inventus est apud Oxon , sine dilatione deliberet . Teste Rege apud Westm. 4 ▪ die Novem.

In 22 H. 3. there was a new heavy Tax imposed on the Jews , which some Jews in Bristol to avoid , thought to flie the Land , whereupon they were there imprisoned ; and at last released , upon giving security not to depart the Realm and to pay the Tax ; as this record attests .

† † Claus . 22. H. 3. m. 18. De Judaeis deliberandis . Mandatum est Constabul . Bristol , quod si Lumbard et Isaac Iudaei Bristol capti et in prisona Bristol detenti , eo quod fugere volebant è terra Regis , fecerint eum securum , quod moram facient in terra Regis , et quod reddent in medio quadragesimae Ann. &c. 22. id quod ad eos pertinet de Tallagio Regis , tunc eos ita deliberet è prisona . T. R. apud Westm. 5 die Martii .

There are several records this year for extending lands for the Debts of Jews , take one for a president of the rest .

† † Claus . 22. H. 3. pars 1. m. 17. De terra extendenda , & Claus. 22 H. 3. pars 2. m. 9. Fines 23. H. 3. m. 3. Mandatum est Jus●ieiariis ad custod . Judaeorum assignatis quod extendi faciant terram Roberti de Ardern , quae est vadium Crispini , & aliorum Judeorum , et secundum valorem et quantitatem debiti , rationabiles terras eos habere faciant , T.R. apud Merleburge 25 die Martii . The like extent ( mutatis mutandis ) is granted this year against the lands of William Marschal .

Claus. 22 H. 3. m● 10. Dorso . In the Clause rolls of 22 H. 3. & in the Dorse of the Fine roll of 23. I find this notable case in Law , reciting and expounding the Statute of Merton 20 H. 3. c. 5. concerning Usurie , made but two years before it .

Fines 23 H. 3 pars 1. m. 20. dors. Rex Vic. Ebor. salutem . Ostendit Regi Ric: de Watervill , quod cum in Curia Regis coram Justiciariis suis apud Westm. per considerationem ejusdem Curiae recuperasset versus Rogerum de Colevill , custodiam terrae quae fuit Odmelli de Albano in Dalton usque aetatem haeredis ejusdem Odmelli ; Aaron de Ebor. Judaeus cujus vadium dicta terra dicitur esse , postea per Breve Regis recuperavit seisinam ejusdem terrae , tanquam vadium suum . Quia vero Rex generaliter concessit in regno suo , * * 2 H. 3. c. 5. quod haeredibus infra aetatem existentibus non currant usurae super terras suas quae vadia sint Judaeorum , nec hujusmodi invadationes aufer●e debent Dominis feodorum custodiam t●rrarum quae de eis tenentur per servicium militare . Mandatum est Vic. Ebor. quod praedict. Nicho. de praedicta terra nomine custod : talem seis●am faciat qualem inde habuit antequam praedicto Judeo per praeceptum Regis seis●am inde habere fecit . T. R. apud Windsore 17 die Junii .

If Sir Edw: Cook had been so well seen in records as most deem him , he would certainly have remembred this in his Commentary on the Statute of Merton , cap. 5.

I meet with these four records in 23 H. demonstrating what fines Releifs the Jews heirs paid to the King to enjoy their Estates after their decease , &c.

† † Fines 23 H. 3. pars 2. m. 11. Aaron Judeus Ebor. & Benedictus fil . Jossei haeredes Samuelis fil . Joscei Judei , finem fecerunt cum Rege pro habendis terris et catallis quae fuerunt praedicti Samuelis pro centum libris , de quibus reddit xx l. per annum : scil. x l. ad Pasch. An. 23. & ad festum Sancti Michaelis Anno eodem x l. et sic de anno in annum , et de termino in terminum , donec praedict. 100 lib. plene fuerint solutae . Et mandatum est Justic . ad custod : Judaeorum assignatis , quod ita irrotulari , & omnes terras et catalla praedicta eisdem Aaron et Benedicto deliberari faciant ; salvo uxori ejusdem Samuelis rationabili dote sua , secundum Legem et consuetudinem Judeorum , quam quidem do●em idem Justiciar . ei sine dilatione facient assignari . T. R. apud Woodstock , 18 die Novembris .

† † Ibid. m. 9. Pro quibusdam Iudaeis . Rex Baronibus suis de Scac. salutem . Sciatis , quod concessimus Ursello fil . Hamond de Hereford , et fratribus suis , quod de fine quem fecerunt nobiscum pro habendis terris 〈◊〉 catallis praedicti Hamonis patris sui , habeant eosdem terminos quos eis prius concessimus , et tantundem Nobis reddent per annum quantum reddere dēbent per praefatam concessionem nostram eis prius factam , ita quod primus terminus eorum incipiet ad Pasch. an . r. n. 23. & sic deinceps reddant nobis de termino in terminum tantum denar . per ann. quant : reddere debuerunt per praedict. concessionem , donec totus finis nobis persolvatur , non obstante eo quod praedicti Ursell : et fratres sui terminos suos quos eis concessimus non observarunt , T. R. apud Westm. 18 die Ian.

By these two Presidents ( and many others in the Fine Rols of this Kings reign , which I pretermit ) is is apparent , 1. That all the Jews goods , chattels , houses , lands , upon their decease remained in the Kings hands , neither could their children enjoy them till they had made a special Fine with the Kings Iustices for them , and thereupon had a special Writ of restitution awarded to give them actuall possession of them . 2ly . That those Fines were usually ordered to be paid by certain portions half yearly , till satisfied by their heirs . 3ly , That all the Jews sons were equally heirs to their Fathers lands , houses , Chattels . 4ly . That their wives were endowed of their lands and houses , and that by special assignment of the Iustices assigned for the custody of the Iews . 5ly . That if they failed of paying their Fines according to their first composition , they must purchase a New order for confirmation thereof , else all was null .

In the Clause roll of 24 H. 3. pars 1. m. 9. scedula . there is a writ to the Sheriff of Glocester to receive the debts and goods of one Vinion a Iew of Glocester , in sundry Abbots , his wives and others hands , to the Kings use , and deliver them to the Clerk of the wardrobe .

It seems this year the Sheriff of Glocester had arrested all the Iews of Glocester upon some occasion , whereupon this writ to restore them issued .

Claus. 24 H. 3. pars 1. m. 10. Mandatum est Vic. Glouc. quod Iudeis Glouc. liberam administrationem de cattallis suis mobilibus & immobilibus quae arestatae fuerunt , habere faciat sicut habere debent secundum assisam regni nostri et solent , ita quod occasione nullius mandati prius habiti non impediantur . T. &c.

I find this Writ the same year for extending lands for a Iews debt by the Kings Almoner .

* * Claus . 24. H. 3. pars 1. m. 17. Rex Vic. Kant . salutem . Sciatis quod Elias le Eveske Iudaeus London concessit Fratri G. Elemosin . nostro . et custodi Hospitalis nostri de Offspringe , pro fine quem idem frater G. fecit cum eo totum debitum quem Andr : Kinkerel et Rob. de Syrycon debuerunt praedict. Iudaeo . Et ideo tibi precipimus quod eidem fratri G. plenam seisinam habere fac . de Manerio de magna Delte cum pertinentiis , quod est vadium ipsius Iudaei pro dicto debito , et eundem fratrem G. in seisina praedict. Manerii manutene●tis , donec a nobis aliud recipies praeceptum . T. R. apud Westm. 24 die Ian.

In the 25 year of Henry the 3. I find this Writ to several Sheriffs , to summon 6 of the richest Iews out of all Counties and Towns wherein the Iews resided to come to treat with the King at Worcester , as well concerning his as their benefit , and to seise as well their bodies as chattels , if they made default herein .

* * Claus. 27 H. 3. dors. 19. Rex Vic. Northampt. salutem . Praecipimus tibi , quod sicut teipsum et omnia tua diligis , et sicut vis quod ac te gravissime non capiamus , venire facias coram nobis apud Wigorn die dominica prima ante Cineres , sex de ditioribus et potentioribus Judae●is nostris Northampt. et de singulis villis comitatus tui , in quibus Judaei maneant , vel duos Judaeos , secundum numerum eorum : ad tractandum nobiscum , tam de nostra quam sua utilitate . Sciturus quod nisi illuc ad terminum praefatum vene●erint , Ita manum nostram tam erga corpus quam catalla tua aggravabimus , quod tuo perpetuo te sentires non mediocriter praegravari . T. R. apud Merleberg . 24 die Jan.

Eodem modo scribitur Vic. Salop , Kauc . Lege , Ebor. Suthampt. Worcest. Linc. Essex , Canteb . Bedford . Herf . Warwic . Gloucest . Buck. Huntindon . Heref. Oxon. et Vicecom. London . quod praedictis die et loco venire faciant sex de di ioribus , et potentioribus Judaeis London ad tractandum , &c. T. ut supra .

Here we have a Record of a Parliament of Jews summoned out of every County and Town where they inhabited , to treat with the King about that which concerned both his and their profit , but the issue proved far otherwise to them , for they were there constrained to submit unto a Tax of 20 thousand marks imposed on them by the King , to be paid that year , whereof these Jews themselves were made both the Assessors and Collectors , and to levy it by most rigorous distresses from their fellow Jews together with the Sheriffs by the terms prescribed , under pain of forfeiti●g their goods and estates , and the greatest penalties , to the terror of all others , as appears by these memorable Records concerning it , wherein most of the principal Jews then in all places of England are recorded by name ( being as I conceive those summoned by the former Writ to appear before the King at Worcester . )

Rex Ursello fil . Ham. Leoni fil , Ham. Mosse sil . Ham. Jacobo fil . Ia●obi , * * Claus . 25. H. ● . Dors. 20. D● Tallagio Iudetum colligendo . Mauasser Leveske , Iacobo de Moster Judeis Hereford , salutem . Sciatis quod constituimus vos Ballivos nostros una cum Vic. nostro Hereford cui idem mandavimus , ad disttingend . omnes Judaeos de Balliva vestra ad solvend . nobis Tallagium nostrum de parte quae vos et illos contingit de hoc ulrimo Tallagio nostro , viginti millium marcarum . Et ideo vobis firmiter precipimus , quod sicut corpora vestra , uxorum et puerorum vestrorum , et omnia catalla sua diligitis talem districtionem faciatis ad praedict. Tallagium nostrum terminos Statutis tam a vobis quam ab aliis de balliva vestra , per manum ejusdem Vic. nostri nobis ad Sca● . nostrum ▪ plenius solvatur secundum extractam quam eidem Vic. nostro vobis mittimus ostende●dam . Scituri quod a vobis requiremus , si quid de praedicto Tallagio nostro in terminis nostris deficerit , et tam graviter contra vos manum nostram aggravabimus , quod poena vestra erit omnibus ad terrorem . T. R. apud Westm. 19 die Maii.

Rex Vic. Hereford salutem . Sciatis quod potestatem dedimus praedictis Judaeis ad distingend , omnes Judaeos Hereford ad solvendum nobis Tallagium nostrum de parte quae universis contingit de hoc ultimo Tallagio nostro viginti mill . marc . Et ideo tibi praecipimus , quod sicut te et omnia catalla tua diligis , talem districtionem facias , una cum praedictis Judaeis ad hoc deputatis , quod pra●dict . Tallagium nostrum terminis statutis , tam ab ipsis Judaeis praedict. quam ab aliis de eadem villa per manum tuam nobis ad Scac. nostrum plene solvetur secundum extractam quam tibi mittimus praedictis Vrsello et sociis suis ostendendam ; sciturus , quod si contigerit quod de praedicto Tallagio aliquid in terminis praedict. defuerit , tam ad corpus tuum quam ad catalla tua nos graviter capiemus . T. R. apud Westm. 13 die Maii.

Eodem modo scribitur omnibus subscriptis Vicecomitibus ; et Judeis de Tallagio regis colligendo .

The names of the Iews appointed to levy it in all places are thus subscribed under these Writs ,

Benedictus Crespin , Jacobus Crespin , Aaron fil . Abraham , Aaron Blund , Elias le Eveske . Leo Blund . Aaron fil . Jocei , Leo le Eveske , Joseus Nepos Aaron , Joseus de Kent . Ursel fil . Sampson , Benedictus nepos Aaron . Leo fil . Solomon , Abraham fil . Solomon , Judas de Franceys , Joceus de Burge , Abraham de Solitoster , Duelcusce fil . Elie. Salom. fil . Joce , Magist . Aaron Benomy Cop●ius , fil . Mulkane , Messe fil . Sampson , Abraham fil . Leonis . Elias fil . Chere , Deidegrand Lumbard senex , Manasser fil . Ursell , Ayaye de Wallingford , Kendone fil . Ursell . Jacob gener . Eman : Jacob fil . Elye , Meyer fil . David , Samuel fil . Cok. Dusefaut fil . Cok. Aaron gener Pictaum . Elias de Pontefracto , Isaac Pickether , Sampson fil . Deulesara , Samps . fil . Samps . Deud . fil . Vines , Pech fil . Sam de Ivelcester . Manser fil . Benedicti , Abraham fil . Benedicti , Ursel fil . Isaac Bovenfunt . Isaac fil . Samuel , Jacob fil . Deusestra , Aaron fil Isaac Blund , Josce de Wilton , Dyaye fil . Magistri Levi fil . Solomon . Samuel fil . Isaac , Isaac de Warewic . Aaron Henne Jurninus fil . Jacobi , Deulecrese fil . Dyaya de Manecroft , Dure de Resing . Benedictus de Kanc. Elias fil . Abrah. Benedictus de Evesham , Lion fil . Duele Beuere , Dungeun de Warwick , Pettemo fil . Mossi . Hake Isaac senior , Hake Mosse fil . Deulo Heneye , Abrah. fil . Abraham , Isaac gener . Samu : Abraham fil . Jude . Lumbard Bonesi de Bristol , Salom de Ivelcester , Isaac fil . Jacob , Mile le Eveske , Isaac de Bath . Aaron de Colecester , Arcel de Colecester , Isaac fil . Benedicti Jacob fil . Vinis . David Lumbard , Dendone fil . Deule Cresse Sampson Leve , Benedictus Pinkennye . Jacob de Exon , Benefand fil . Jude , Joce fil . Abraham Doule , Cresse le Eveske . Solomon de Dorcester , Benedictus fil . Vinam . Solomon fil . Iosse , Isaac de Herleb . Salom de Merleberg , Abraham Battecoke , Isaac fil . Iesse . David de Linc. Bonami fil . Copin , Copin fil . Bonefei , Mosse fil . Dyaye , Vinis fil . Copin , Samuel fil . le Franceys . Bonefaund fil . Elye . Garsie gener . Belie , Isaac fil . Mosse de Paris , Elias fil . Bonefant . Vines fil . Bonenf●nd , Elias fil : Isaac .

One of the Jews here nominated for London , excusing himself , thereupon others were substituted in his place by these writs .

† † Claus . 15. H. 3. dors. 9. Rex Elie Blunde Judeo London salutem . Scias , quod l●co Benedicti Crespyni assignavimus te una cum Vicecom. London , et Jacobo Crespin , Aaron fil . Abraham , Aaron Blunde , Elia de Eveske , et Leone Blunde Judeis London ad districtionem faciendam circa tallagium nostrum terminis statutis nobis plenarie reddendum . Et ideo tibi praecipimus , quod sicut teipsum et catalla tua diligis una cum ipsis viriliter te intromittas ad hoc quo praedict. Tallagium terminis Statutis nobis plene reddatur , sicut ipsis vic. & aliis Iudeis sociis tuis dedi●us in mandatis . Ne pro defectu tui paena omnibus tremenda tibi infligatur , T. &c.

Et dirigunter Literae patentes praedictis 4 Judeis sub hac forma .

Rex Constabulario Turris London , Crespin , &c. salutem . Sciatis quod loco Benedicti Crespini , quem prius assignavimus vobiscum ad districtionem faciendam circa Tallagium Judeorum London , terminis Statutis nobis reddend : assignavimus vobis Eliam Blundum Iudaeum London . Et ideo vobis mandamus ▪ quod amoto praedict. B. loco ipsius ipsum E. B. admittatis .

This insupportable great Tax being not levyed by the time prefixed , thereupon the King issued these rigid Writs , to apprehend all the●e Jewish Collectors , Distrainers persons , together with all their Wives , Infants , and bring them prisoners before the King , and to seize all their goods and chattels into the Kings hands , and keep them safe in their hands , as these two records demonstrate .

Claus. 25 H. 3. m. 9. De Judesi . Mandatum est W. de Havershall , quod scire faciat omnibus Vic . qui Iudeos habent in Balliva sua , quod omnes Iudeos de balliva sua qui manuc●perunt solvere nobis Tallagium suum , una cum uxoribus et infantibus suis , habeant Londini à die Sancti Mic. ad unum mensem : ad respondendum nobis de arreragiis Tallagii sui , et quare Tallagium illud non solverunt termines statutis sicut manuceperunt : Et omnia catalla ipsorum capiant in manum Regis , et salvo custodiant donec Rex inde preceperit . T. R. apud Westm. 26 die Sept.

Another writ issued to imprison them and all those Iews who had not paid the Tax in the Tower of London .

Mandatum est W. de Havershal Thes. Regis , * * Ibidem m. 5. De Judeis . quod omnes illos Iudeos , qui denarios Regi debent de Tallagio Iudaeorum de hoc termino Sancti Johannis Baptist . prox : praeterito , et etiam illos qui deberent distrinxisse ipsos Iudeos ad terminum praedict. observand . venire faciat usque Turrim London , et ibidem in prisona salvo custodiri , donec Rex aliud inde praeciperet . Teste Rege apud Theokesbury 1. die August .

Hereupon some Jewes assigned over Debts to the King in satisfaction of their Tallages ; whereupon the King pardoned and released so much as their Debts amounted to , as appears by 3 pardons to 3 Jews in one Schedule , claus. 25 H. 3. m. 17. and purchased special Licenses to be exempted from these severe proceedings and distresses upon promise to pay their Taxes at the terms appointed , upon which their arrears were released , as this Roll informs us , Dors. 9. de respectu Iudaeorum , &c.

* * Ibid. m. 6 , Rex Baron : de Scacc. salutem . Mandamus vobis , quod si Isaac fil . Elye terminos suos observaverit de debito in quo nobis tenetur ad Scaccarium nostrum , et quamdin dictos terminos observabit , tunc omnia bona et catalla sua ei in pace demittatis , nullam inde facientes districtionem . Ita quod secundum quantitatem et valorem Catallorum suorum quae irrotulata sunt in rotulo quae Jere. de Caxton & W. Hardell de Tallagio Iudaeorum Linc. Vobis liberaverunt , Tallagium super ipsum assedi faciatis . T. R. apud Theokesbury , 8. die Aug.

The Jews of London advancing part of this great Tax by assignment of Debts to the Kings Exchequer , had this Writ to the Barons to allow it in their first payments .

* * Claus. 25 H. 3. Roll m. 8. Pro Judaeis . . Rex Baron . suis de Scac. salutem . Monstraverunt nobis Judaei nostri London , quod quendam finem fecerunt nobis cum aliis Judaeis pro 20 millia marcas pro Tallagio nostro , unde debent solvere 10 millia marcarum ad quindenam Nativ . Sancti Iohis Baptist . An. r. n. 25. et 10 millia marcarum ad sancti Michis Anno eodem , concessimus eis quod id quod receptum est ad Scac. vel in traba per manus suas , vel per manus Ch●istianorum , pro tertia parte catalloram suorum eis facietis allocari in primo termino 10 mill . marcarum . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod si praedicti Judaei London plene nobis persolverint quod ad eos pertinet de primo termino praedictar . 10 millia marc . usque ad summam quam per manus suas , vel Christianorum ad Scac. vel in Garderoba praedicta tertia parte nobis reddiderunt , pro residuo illins termini non distringatis , donec aliud a nobis habueritis mandatum . T. R.

The same year the King issued this writ to the Mayor and Sheriffs of London , to prevent the Jews and other Goldsmiths exchange and abasing of silver , contrary to the assize of the Exchange , and seise those ▪ who were guilty of it , and their silver .

Claus. 25 H. 3. m. 6. Rex Majori & Vic. London , salutem . Praecipimus vobis quod in praesentia Thes. nostri , et custodis Cambii nostri , venire faciatis coram vobis Adam de Shoredich , Thomam de Stanes ( and four more named ) Aurifabros London , et ab iis Sacramentum capiatis , quod nec per se , nec per aliquem alium Christianum vel Judeum , cambient vel ement , vel vendent argentum aliquod vel in plata , vel in mina , vel in aliquo alio argento , contra assisam et constitutionem Cambii nostri ; nec cambiri ; nec etiam procurabunt , nec permittent , nec per se , nec per alium ; et quod diligenter inquirant & inquiri faciant , si qui aurifabri Christiani vel Judei talia temptaverint , et ●ex quo aliquem cambientem , ementem vel vendentem invenerint contra assisam praedicti Cambij , corpus ipsius , cum argento et catallis suis attachiari faciant , donec aliud inde praeceptum . T. ut supra .

This year I find a Writ to the Justices of the Jews to free one from paying Usury to a Jew upon the ground expressed in the record , relating the Jews unconscionable dealing , usual in such cases .

Rex Justiciar . * * Claus . 25. H. 3. m. 13. Dorf . ad custod . Judaeorum assignat . salutem . Monstravit nobis Magister Laur. Travers , quod cum die Pentec . An. r. n. 24 quandam summam pecuniae mutuo recipisset a Benedicto Judaeo Oxon. quam infra mensem a quo pecuniam illam mutuo recepit per manum ipsius Magistri ad Judeum solvend . transmisit ; dictus Judeus eo quod tempore illo pignora ipsius Magistri quae signata erant in Cista Judeorum signo nostro restituere non valebat , pecuniam illam non admisit , et de pecunia illa de toto tempore ejusdem non soluta , usuras exigit a predicto Magistro , ac si per incuriam ipsius et defectum remaneret per tantum tempus solvend . Quia vero eidem Magistro non est imputandum , quod pecuniam illam tempore debito non solvit , et iniquum videtur quod inde usuras solvere debet . Vobis mandamus , quod si idem Magister monstr . poterit per se . vel per attornatum suum quod res ita se habeat , tunc ipsum ab usurarum prestat●one quietum esse faciatis a tempore quo dictam pecuniam paratus fuit eidem Judeo solvere . T. R. apud Windl . 18 die Octob.

The same year I find this Writ to the Constable of the Tower to send some Jews of Bristol imprisoned in the Tower for a murder , to Bristol Castle , to be there tried for it before the Justices Itinerant .

* * Claus . 25. H. 3 m. 9. dorso . Rex Constabular . Turr. London , salutem . Precipimus tibi quod Puentam uxorem Iacobi de Custantes , Iacobum fil . Iacobi , et Bestotam uxorem ejus Iudeos Bristol captos et detentos in prisona nostra predict . Turris , pro mo●●e Alic fil . Eve , cariari fac . usque Bristol : ad custus Burgensium nostrorum Bristol : Ita quod 〈◊〉 ibi a die Sancti Ioh. Bapt. in 15 dies , ad standum inde recto coram Iustic . nostr. ibid. in prox . Itineraturis eosdemque Iudeos liberari fac . Constabulario castri nostri Bristol cui praecipimus quod eos cum ibidem venerint recipiat . T. &c. Et mandatum est Constab . Bristol quod eos recipiat .

In the 26 year of H. 3. these Records concerning the Iews are yet extant , the first shewing they were enforced to give their wives and children for hostages .

Claus . 26. H. 3. pars 2. m. 9. Pro Samaritano Judeo . Mandatum est Iustic . ad custod , Iudaeorum assignatis , quod si Samaritanus Iudeus Winton invenerit eis omnem eam securitatem , quae coram W. Ebor. Arch de consilio Regis . Provisa fuit et ordinata pro qua securitate merdien . dedit uxorem suam et filios suos obsides , qui tenentur in Turr. Regis London , tunc praedicto Saaritano praedictos uxorem et filios deliberari fac , per eundem Ar●a Wimmodham 25 die Iun.

The King this year appointed a new Keeper of the Iews chest at Winchester , not being well kept by the former , by this Writ .

* * Ibid. m. 7. Quia Rex audivit quod Archa regis Iudeorum Winton , mi●●s bene custodiatur tam ad opus Regis quam Christianorum & Judeorum , Mandatum est Vic . Suthampt. quod per consilium Roberti Passelewe quem Rex illuc mittit , alium cust . ad hoc apponi fac . T. &c. The tax not being paid the King at the times appointed , this year he commanding the Iews Chests to be locked up , so that their creditors could not pay their debts to them , nor they their debts to the King ; whereupon he granted his Writ to * * Claus . 26. H. 3. pars 2. m. 7. Samuel fil . Isaac a Iew , upon his complaint , that they should pay their debts to the King at the terms formerly appointed , at the rates there expressed at large .

* * Claus . 26. H. 3. pars 2. dors. 8. Rex Iust. suis ad custod . Iudeorum assignatis , salutem . Monstravit nobis Oliva quae fuit uxor Rob. de Fraym●to , quod cum ipsa , cum nuper essemus apud Colecester probasset coram venerabil . in Christo patre W. Ebor Arch. et aliis de consilio nostro , tam per Christianos quam per Judaeos , praefatum virum suum reddidisse Aaron et Ursello Judaeis Colecestr . totum debitum quod eis debuit ante inceptionem itin . sui in terram sanct. et injunctum esset eisdem Judaeis quod reddent prefato , Ol. Cartas confect . de debito memorato , licet eidem Judei quasdam Cartas mem. restituerunt , adhuc tamen unam ei detinent maliriose , praetendentes Cartam esse Londini in depos . ut sic fraud . machinentur et laboribus frangent dictam mulierem . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedictos Judeos per terras et catalla distringatis , ad restituendam prefatae mulieri sine dilatione cartam praedictam , Et vos eidem pedem illius Cartaerestituatis . Ita vos in hac parte gerentes , quod de cetero nullam inde audiamus querelam . T. W. Ebor. Arch. apud Moreclac 29 die Iulii .

This Record manifests , 1 The manner of the Jewes proving their debts both by Jewes and Christians . 2 Their Jewish dealing one with another , in detaining goods after debts satisfied . 3. The usual way of recovering such Bonds from them when the debts were paid . This year the King removed the Jews and their chests from one place to another at his pleasure , as this Record besides others informs us .

* * Claus. 26 H. 3. pars 1. m. 19. De Judeis removend . ab uno loco ad alium . Rex concessit Com. Pict . & Cornub. quod Judei regis qui manent in Berchamested , transferant se usque Wallingford , et ibi remaneant , secundum easdem consuetudines Judeorum secundum quas apud Berkhamested habere consueverunt , Archamque quam fuit apud Berkhamsted similiter habeant apud Wallingford , et eodem modo quo ipsam habuerunt apud Berkhamsted . Et mandatum est Justic . ad custod . Jud. assignatis , quod sic fieri permittant . T.R.

How the Jews heirs after their decease made fines to the King for their real and personal estates , and how their wives were indowed , this Record will manifest , of the same year with the former .

* * Claus . 26. H. 3. pars 1. m. 3. Rex Baron . suis de Scac. salutem . Mandamus vobis quod distringatis Mayden , quae fuit uxor Jacob. Crespin , ad reddend . Moss . fil . praedict. Iacob . et Isaac fratri suo terras , domos , redditus , catalla , et omnia debita quae fuerunt praedicti Jacob. patris sui , pro quibus ipse Moss . et Isaac . finem ●ecerunt nobiscum , sicut per alias litetas nostras vobis significavimus . Et cum praedicti Moss . & Isaac seisinam habuerint de praedict. terris , domibus , redditibus , catal . et debitis , tunc eidem Mayden rationabilem dotem suam a praedict. Moss . et Isaac faciatis assignari . T. R. apud Merewel . 2 die Maii.

In the 27 year of King Henry , the King issued this precept to have a Convert Iew instructed in the Christian Faith and learning in any place where he might .

* * Claus . 27. H 3. pars 2. m. 2. Pro Martin● converso . Mandatum est Ebor. Archiepiscopo et W. de Cantelup . ( then Commissioners or Justices for the Jews affairs ) Quod Martino converso faciant administrari in aliqua villa ubi possit , tam de fide Catholica , quam literarum scientia feliciter erudiri . T. R. apud Burdegal 3 die Febr.

The same year the King commanded the Executors of the Bishop of Winchester by his Writ , * * Claus . 27. 〈◊〉 2. pars 2. m. 9. to pay to W. de Haevenshel and Edward son of Odo 100l . ad terras emendas ad opus Conversorum London ad sustentationem eorundem , T. R. apud Burd . 12 die Aprilis . Et mandatum est praedictis Willo . et Edwardo quod denarios illos ab illis recipiant , etterras ad opus praedictor . conversorum emant , Ita quod terrae praedict. emptae fuerint citra festum Nativ . sancti Iohis . Baptistae . Such was the care and charity of those times for the converts support .

This year * * Claus. 27 H. 3. m. 10. 9. 5. Schedula p. 1. the King pardoned several debts of particular Englishmen owing to particular Jews , respited the payment of other Debts for a time to others by several writs to the Iustices assigned for the Iews : And * * Claus. 27 H. 3. pars 2. m. 3. likewise assigned and granted the Office of Aarons Presbyteratus Judeorum Angliae in the Exchequer ( * * Claus. 21 H. 3. pars 1. m. 18. Here p. 25. forementioned ) to Elie le Eveske a Jew of London , or his Attorney , with all the Rolls of the Exchequer belonging to Aaron , in as ample manner as Aaron formerly had them : commanding the Justices assigned for the Jews custody to invest him in this office of Aaron : Et nullam decetero summonitionem facere de aliquo debito de quo debetur responderi coram eis , nisi per visum et testimonium predicti Elye , vel illius quem ad hoc loco suo attornaverit ( which clearly proves , that the Presbyteratus omnium Iudaeorum totius Angliae , granted to Aaron , and now transferred to Elye , was nothing else but the Custos Rotulorum , or Controllership of the Exchequer ) Et mandatum est eisdem , quod quotiens idem Elyas intendere non possit ad sedendum ad Scac. Joceum fil : Copini loco suo recipiant ad ea facienda , ad idem Scac. quae ad Presbyteratum Iudaeorum pertinent . Rotulos etiam qui fuerant Jocei , predecessoris sui eidem Elye , vel attornato suo habere faciatis , T. apud Westm. 21 die Octob : per Will . de Cantil . & Edward fil . Odonis .

Quia Abraham Iudeus Berkhamsted clamat partem in debito quod continetur in cartae Johannis de Brabini confect . * * Claus. 27 H. 3. pars 1 , m. 6. Pro Abrah. Judaeo Berkhamsted . inter ipsum Johannem et praedict. Abraham , et Mosseum Iudeum Hereford : Mandatum est Cirographariis & custodibus Archae Judaeorum Hereford , quod praefata Carta per praefat. Mosseum , vel per alium nemini liberetur donec Rex aliud inde praeciperit . Which shewes that one Jew could not discharge the debt due joyntly to him and another Jew , but by the others consent .

In the 28 of H. 3. two Jews being wrongfully arrested for a Debt due by another , the King sent this writ to discharge them , and imprison the Jewess that owed it .

Claus . 28. H. 3. m. 6. Pr● Judeis . Rex Justic . ad cust . Iud. assignatis , salutem . Sciatis , quod probatum fuit coram nobis apud Stanford , quod Gentilla vidua Iudea de Stanford , debet R. Com. Cornub. fratri nostro illas 13 lib: pro quibus Coc. & Samuelem Judeos de Stanford arrestari fecistis in villa praedict: ita quod eam cap. et in prisona detineri praecipimus , donec solverit pecuniam praedict. Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod praedict. Coc. & Samuel . ceterosque omnes Iudeos de Stanford , de praedict: 13 lib. quietos esse faciatis . T. Rege apud Not. 10 die July .

This year Aaron a Jew of York assigned a Debt of 500 l to the King , Claus . 28. H. 3. m. 17. in part of a debt which he owed the King , which the King commanded Hugh Bygod , who owed it in right of his wife , to pay into the Exchequer . And likewise commanded all the Jews to be removed out of Nuberry and Spenbamland by this writ .

Claus. 2● . H. 3. m. 17. Mandatum est Vic. Berks , Quod Judeos qui manent in Villa de Nubury , et in villa de Spenhamland , remittat sine dilatione usque Winton , et ibi maneant sicut prius solent , nec de caetero maneant in Villis prae dictis . T. R. apud Readings , 27 die Decemb.

A Jew accused for clipping and falsifying monies fled for refuge to the King , who thus remanded him .

* * Claus . 28. H. 3. m. 1. dors. Rex W. de Ebor : prepos . Beverley , & Hen: de Bath salutem . Quia intelleximus quod vos mandaveritis Vic. nostro Hereford , ad capiend . Cok : Judeum Hereford , tanquam falsarium et retuntorem Denar . et idem Judeus venit ad Curiam nostram apud Reading , quaerens subterfugium captionis suae . Nos ipsum Judaeum fecimus arrestari , ad vos mittentes eundem ; ut vos super eo quod ei imponitur secundum quod videritis expedire faciatis T. R. apud Reading , 12 die May.

After which follows this record .

Claus . 28. H. 3. m. 4. dors● . Rex W. de Havershull Thesaur . suo , et Constab : suo London salutem , Mandamus vobis quod Judeos assignatos ad custodiam catallorum & debitorum quae fuerunt David Judei Oxon distringatis : ita quod illi Judei qui manuceperunt finem 5000 marc . quem Licoric quae fuit uxor praedict. David fecit nobiscum pro habendis catallis et debitis ipsius David ut eum habeamus terminis assignatis de Tallagio Iudeorum nobis solvend . et ipsam Licoric . a prisona deliberari faciatis : Ita tamen quod nullam habeat administrationem de catallis & debitis praedictis ante instans festum Nativitatis beat . Mariae , donec post eundem festum vobis inde mandaverimus . Et Sciatis quod remissimus Aaron Judeo Ebor. custodiam praedict. catallorum , et debitorum pro fine quem propter fecit nobis , et quae solvit in Garderoba nostra , et loco ejus subrogavimus Bondum Judeum Cant.

By which Record it is apparent , That no Jews wife or other Jew could administer or meddle with her Husbands or Parents chattels or debts without paying a vast fine for them ( as here 500 marks ) and that at such time as the King assigned , that the custody of their Goods and debts were in the mean time committed to other Iews to be responsible for them ; and that their persons were imprisoned , and their administrations suspended , if they failed in paying the fine at the termes appointed .

In the 29 of Hen. 3. * * Claus. 29 H. 3 m. 2. the King sends writs to his Iustices for the custody of the Iews , and to Sheriffs to levy the Debts due to him from the heirs of Hamond the Iew of Hereford , and that Crespin a Iew should pay him 28 marks , to be laid out in silk and cloth of gold for Westminster Church as his Alms.

Mandatum est Baron . Ibid. de Scacc. et Iusticiariis ad custod . Iudeorum assignatis , quantum poterint apponant ut 4000 marc . quae Regi debent Iudei ad hoc festum sancti Michaelis tunc omnibus modis solvantur , Thesaur . & Camerar . ad faciend. inde quod Rex injunxerit : et si forte in solutione earund 4000 marc . defecerint ad terminum praedict. tunc capiant aliquos de ditioribus Iudeis , ut corpora eorum mittant ad R. usque Gannock non omittando illud pro aliquo custo , et Rex illos faciet deliberari Iustic . Hyberniae , ducendos in Hyberniam , et ibidem in prisona detinendos . T. Rege apud Gannock in castris , x. die Septem.

By which record it seems the Iews were taxed to pay 4000 marks at Michaelmas to the King ; and if they failed , then some of the richest of them were to be seised on , and sent prisoners to the King into his camp , and from thence into Ireland , and there imprisoned til it was all paid : Such was the rigor then used in levying their heavy Taxes : Another 4000 marks was then likewise to be paid by them at Christs Nativity the same year , and commanded by this writ to be effectually levied by the Justices of the Jews .

* * Claus. 29 H. 3. m. 18. Mandatum est Justic. ad custod Judaeorum assign : quod sicut corpora et catalla sua diligunt , et ab indempnitate et periculo maximo volunt conservari , provideant quod 4000 marc . quae Regi debentur de Judaismo reddendas citra festum Nativitatis Dom: citra festum illud reddantur , quia si in eorum solutione aliquis inveniatur defectus id solummodo negligentiae suae imputaretur . T. Rege apud Woodstoke 4. die Dec.

Mandatum est Thesaur . et Camerar . quod de illis 4000 m. deliberent Magistro Militis Templi in Anglia , 2000 marc . deponend . in domo sua ad opus Comitissae Provinciae sicut alias eis mandat . est , & de resid . mille marc : quantum se extendunt satisfaciant mercatoribus Vinorum et aliis de debitis in quibus Rex eis tenetur . T. ut supra .

Ibidem . Dorso 2. There is a command to the Justices of the Jews to respit a suit there pending against one Mansel by two Jews , for 40 l. and an horse .

In this 29 year of Henry the 3. this writ was issued to the Justices of the Iews to proclaim in all Counties , that no Iewes wife or childe should fly from , nor obscure himself in the places he or they resided , for one year then next ensuing , and that they should be there readily found by the Kings Officers , under pain that their husbands , as also their wives and children should be outlawed , banished , and all their lands , rents , and chattels , forthwith forfeited to the King , and presently sold to his use , and they banished never to return again into England without his special license .

* * Claus . 29. H. 3. m. 17. De Judaismo . Mandatum est Justiciariis ad custodiam Judaeorum assignatis , quod statim visis Literis , clamari faciant per omnes Comitatus Angliae ubi Judaei Regis sunt , quod si aliqua Iudaea uxor alicujus Iudaei , vel pueri sui diffugiant , vel fugam capiant , vel aliquo modo lateant a Villa ubi fuerint manentes ad festum Sancti Andreae Anno regni Regis 29 , u●que in unum annum proximo sequentem , Ita quod ad Summonitionem Regis vel Ballivorum suorum in quorum Ballivis ipsi fuerunt manentes prompti inveniri non possint ; quod vir ipsius Iudeae , et etiam ipsa Iudaea , et omnes pueri sui statim utlagentur , et omnes terrae , redditus , et omnia catalla sua in manum Regis capiantur , et incontinenti vendantur ad opus Regis : Et quod de caetero non redeant in regnum Angliae , sine speciali licentia Regis .

The King had then a design to tax all the Iewes wives and children by the poll , which occasioned this strict proclamation , that they might be alwayes ready to be polled and fleeced at his pleasure , there being an heavy Tax then imposed on them .

In the same year and Roll this Precept was directed to Aaron the Iew of Yorke , then taxed ( as it seems ) at one hundred pounds .

Claus . 29. H. 3. m. 19. Mandatum est Aaroni Iudaeo de Ebor. quod sicut diligit corpus suum , statim visis literis , tradat latori illarum viginti marcas Regi deferendas , de arreragiis centum librarum quas Regi solvisse debuit in festo Nativitatis Sanctae Mariae , proximo praeterito . Ita quod hoc quemlibet lateat praeter ipsum Aaronem et latorem supradictum . Teste Rege apud Woodstock , quinto die Decembris .

In the 30 of H. 3. I find these Records concerning the Jews .

Pat. 30. H. 3. m. 1. pro Judaeo Rex concessiit Iacobo fratri Elie le Eveske Judeo London pro laudabili servicio suo quod Regi et Reginae impendit sedendo a Scac. Judeorum , domos quae fuerunt Iocei de Colecester Iudei Linc. in Oxon. quae devenerunt in manum Regis tanquam escaeta Regis ; tenendum tota vita ipsius Jacobi . Reddendo inde singulis annis Conversis Lond. 10s . viz. 5s . ad fest. St Mich. et 5s . ad Pasch. In cujus &c. T. R. apud Wodestoke 10 die Sept. Et mandat , est . Vic. Oxon. quod de praedict. domibus cum pertidentiis , ei plenam seisinam habere faciat . T. ut supra .

Pat. 30. H. 3. m. 7. The King agreed to receive a fine of 3000 l. of Masse son of Hamond a Jew of Hereford Pro habenbis catallis et bonis , of his deceased Father , to be paid at certain times , part whereof is there assigned .

This year many Jews Men and women were accused and ordered to be tried for clipping of money , as appears by Claus , 30 H. 3. pars 1 , m. 9. Mandat est Justiciariis ad custodiam Iudeorum assign . quod Iudeos , et Iudeas rectatos de retonsura denariorum , venire faciant coram Justic . de Banco . Ita quod sint ibi in octabis S. Johis . Baptistae ad Iusticiam de ipsis faciendam : Quia mandat . est Iustic . illis quod una cum t is ad hoc intendant .

Also * * Claus. 30 H. 3. pars 1 m. 9. Rex pardonavit Tho. de Pulton 8 lib. quas idem T. debet Mosseo Crespin Iudeo , una cum omnibus usuris quae inde proveniant , postquam eas ab eodem Iudaeo mutuaverat . Et mandat . est Baron . de Scac. quod ipsum inde quietum esse , et cartam suam pro praedicto debito impignoratam eidem Iudeo deliberari fac . Et mandatum est Edwardo fil . Odonis quod totam pecuniam suam quam rex eidem Tho. donat pro domibus suis occasione praedict. debiti arrestatam , ei deliberantur .

The King this year imposed a Tax of sixty thousand marks upon the Jews , as appears by these seisures of their debts towards the payment thereof .

* * Claus . 30. H. 3. pars 1. m. 10. Pr● Iudeo . Mandat , est Ed. fil . Odonis &c. quod solvat ad Scac. Regis 23 l. 5 s. 8 d. quas Tho. de Pulton debet Moss●o Crespin Iudeo ; in parte solutionis debitorum quae idem Iudeus reddere tenebatnr ad Pasche proximo preterit : de portione tallag . 60 mil. marc . eundem Jud. contingent . T. R. apud Wind. 4 die Iunii . It seems part of this Tax or another was payable the next year , by this Mandate .

Claus . 30. H. 3. pars 2. m. 4. Mandatum est Iusticiar . ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod non distringant , aut distringi permittant Aaron fil Abraham de tallagio 10 millium marc . de termino sancti Michis . An. r. n. 31 nisi pro 53 marc . et dimid. ipsi inde de eodem termino contingent . T. R. apud Winds . 23. die Augusti .

These tallages were usually imposed on the Jews in their absence , being not privy thereto , unlesse specially admitted , as appears by this Record concerning the Iews of Canterbury , who gave the King half a mark of gold that one of them might be present at the imposing of the next tax .

Claus . 30. H. 3. pars . 1. m. 10. Pro Judeis . Quia Iudei Cantuarii dederunt dimid. marc . auri quam Regi prae manibus reddiderunt , pro eo quod concederet eis , quod unus Iudeus ejusdem villae Cantuar. intersit tallagio assidendo quod assideri debet apud Northamp . Mandatum est Iusticiaris ad custod . Iudeorum assignatis , quod unam ex ipsis ad hoc eligi , et dicto tallagio assidendo interesse faciant . T. R. apud Feversham 20 die April .

Amongst the records in the Treasury of Receipts in the Exchequer , I find this , Inter Placita et Assis : capt. apud Northampton . in crast . Nativ . Sancti Iohan. Baptistae , Anno Regis Henrici &c. 23. coram Rogero de Th●rkelby , et sociis suis rot . 38.

Ivo fil . Abraham de Stanford Iudeu : rectatus de retonsura denariorum venit , et dat Domino Regi 20s . quod possit esse sub placito respondend . ad preceptum Dom. Regis Pl●gii sui Solomon fil . Sancho fil . Isaac , & Benioy . fil . Aaron de Stanford . Whether he were condemned or acquitted for this his clipping of money for which he was then bailed I find not on Record .

In the 32 year of Henry the 3. I meet with these Records concerning the Jews . * * Claus. 32 H. 3. pars 1. m. 9. Pro quodam Judeo .

Rex mandavit Justic . ad custodiam Judaeorum assign quod non distringant , vel distringi permittant Aaron fil Abrahami de Tallagio 60 millium marc . pro duobus milibus marc . de termino sancti Michis anno 32. nisi pro quinquaginta et tribus marcis et dimid. ipsum inde de eodem termino contingentibus , sicut ipse talliatus fuit ad pasch. proximo preteritum . Et si sorte ipsum ad plus talliaverint , illud relaxari , et super communitatem Judeorum assidi . faciant . Teste Rege apud Farendon 29 die Augugusti .

By which it appears the Jews were taxed at sixty thousand marks in this one year . A vast sum in those dayes .

The same year the King grants respestum de quibuslibet veteribus debitis Iudei , * * Ibid. m. 9. &c. Particularly .

* * Ibidem m. 9. Pro Aaron Judeo Ebor. Rex dedit respectum Aaron Judeo . Ebor. de centum libris quas Regi solvisse debuit . ad scac . Pasch. anno regni Regis 32. usque ad quindenam paschae sancti Iohannis Baptistae anno eodem , et mandatum est Baronibus de Scaccario , quod respectum illum ei habere faciant . T. R. apud Rading 17 die Maii.

There is this record this year concerning the Jews of Canterbury .

Iudei Cantebr . * * Ibid. m. 10. Pro Judeis Cantebr . liberaverunt in Garderoba regis apud sanctum Edmundum die Lunae prox . post cineres quinque Marc. de quibus praedicti Judei promiserunt regi respiciendas in adventu regis apud Cantebr . Et mandat . est Justic . ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis , quod pro predictis quinque marc . ipsos Judeos non distringant . Teste Rege apud Windesor . primo die Maii.

* * Ibid. m. 11. Mandar est , &c. quod distringi faciant terras quae fuerunt Mathei Peverel , &c. for a debt due to a Jew ; and to others to answer a debt to Aaron the Jew

In the 33 of H. 3. I find these records concerning the Jews .

* * Claus. 33 H. 3. pars 1. m. 1. pro Roberto de Munteny . An Extent of Robert de Muntenay in Littlebar of a Jews land , per Sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum extendi fac. &c.

The King himself in that age appointed the Jews Bayliffs in the Eschequer , as is evident by this record .

† † Claus. 33 H. 3 pars 1. m. 7. pro Judeis . Mandatum est Justic . ad custodiam Judeorum assign . quod non permittant quod aliquis Judeus habeat aliquam Ballivam ad Scacc. Judeorum , praeter Jacobum Episcopum , Abrah . fil . Vines , et Jacob fil . Flurye : et si Elyas Episcopus , qui prius fuit ad dictum Scac. resideat ad idem Scac. per preceptum Regis , tunc Rex vult , quod recipiant Aaron fil . Abraham , tanquam socium suum . T. R. apud Westm. xi . die Julii , anno &c.

The King then likewise appointed the Clerks of the Jews Exchequer , and the Cirographers of their publick Chests , as this record doth manifest .

* * Ibidem m. 7. pro quodam Judeo . Rex vult , quod Abraham fil . Vines sit clericus Regis in Scac. suo Iudeorum , et quod sit Cyrograph . Archae Regis Cyrograforum Iudaeorum apud London , loco Abrahamae fil . Muriell . Et ideo mandatum est Justic. ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis , quod acceptis ab eodem Abrahamo fil . Vines sufficientibus plegiis de fidelitate , ipsum ad praemissa Officia admittant , et clavem Archae Cirographorum quam Abraham fil . Muriel habet , eidem liberari faciant . T. R. apud Westm: xxix . die Junii .

† † Ibidem m. 8. Rex vult , quod Aaron fil : Abraham Iudeus London resideat ad Scaccarium Regis Iudeorum tanquam Vines , &c. ut supra . T. R. apud Winton , 26 die Maii.

The same year I find an Extent of John of Coniz of Brewineston his Land for a Debt to a Jew , per , sacram , proborum et legalium hominum extendi fac. &c. T. R. apud Westm. 9 die Maii.

* * Ibidem m. 10. The same year Aaron of Yorke agreed again with the King to pay a certain Tax to him yearly , expressed in this Patent .

* * Patent 33. H. 3 m. 3. Pro Aar . fil . Abr. Judaeo . Rex omnibus &c. salutem . Sciatis quod concessimus Aaroni filio Abrahami Iudeo quod sicut talliatus fuit ad decem & octo libras coram Nobis ad terminum Sancti Michaelis , Anno &c. 33. sic tallietur ad quatuor Annos sequentes ad triginta et sex libras singulis annis praedictorum quatuor annorum ; videlicet , ad festum Paschae , Anno &c. 34 to . ad 18 libras , et ad festum Sancti Michaelis proximo sequens , ad 18 libras , et sic DE ANNO IN ANNUM , ad eosdem terminos ad 36 libras . Ita quod post praefatum terminum praedictorum quatuor annorum ad majorem pecuniae summam modo talliatur . In cujus &c. Teste Rege apud Windsore , 21 die Sept.

In the Fine Rolls of this year I find these Passages relating to the Jews , who all joyntly and severally made great fines to the King this year , particularized in the Fine rolls , what sum every Jew ( whose name is there entred at large ) was to pay to the King : whereof take this brief account of some few , as a pattern of all the rest .

* * Fines 33. H. 3. m. 7. Mandatum est Vic. Kanc. quod si Judei Cantuar. invenerint securitatem sufficientem de 7 l. 8 s. 8 d. de novo Tallagio super eos assesso , & de 11 l. 17 s. 5 d. de veteri Tallagio super eos assesso , ad aurum Regi inde emendum , unde alias recepit mandatum Regis , ita quod pecuniam illam habeat in manu sua quod inde Regi respondere possit ad Scacc. Regis in Crastino Sancti Michaelis , tunc praefatos Judeos permittat in pace ita quod eos non distringat pro aliquo alio Tallagio donec aliud a Rege acceperit in mandatis . T. R. apud Merton 12 d●e Sept.

* * Fines 33. H. 3 m. 3. De Ta●lag●● super Judeos Ebor. Mandat est Vic. Ebor. quod sicut seipsum diligit , habeat ad Scac : Regis in Octabis Sancti Michaelis de Aaron de Ebor. Judeo , de novo Tallagio super eum assesso 16 l. 11 s. Et de eodem de veteri Tallagio super eum assesso unde Vic. alias recepit mandatum Regis , 26 l. 7 s. et de caeteris Judeis Civitatis Ebor. de no●o Tallagio 14 l. 11 s. et de eisdem de veteri Tallagio , unde Vic. alias recepit mandat . Regis 23 l. 7 s. ad aurum Reg. inde emendum . T. ut supra .

Eodem modo scribitur de Iudaeis Exon de Tallag : Vic. Devon , De Iudeis Bedford , Merlebr . Bristoll , Warw. Glocest . Cantebr . London , Norwic. Colecester , Winton , Wigorn , Hereford , Oxon , Nottingh . Northampton , Lincoln , and other Towns ; and to their respective Sheriffs , to levy the particular sums both of the New and Old Tallage forementioned , there specified , in like manner as to the Sheriff of Yorke , which particulars fill up an whole roll well nigh .

In the same Roll the King respites Jacobus Le Eveske a Jew , Ibidem pro Judaeis . and Flora his daughter , a fine of 45 l. 6 s. 8 d. pro Relevio , et aliis finibus : and sundry other Jews there named paid the like Fines pro Relevio upon their Parents deaths to injoy their estates ; to be paid at certain times there limited into the Exchequer : Et mandatum est Baron . de Scac. et Justic . ad custod . Judeorum assignatis , quod sic fieri et irrotulari faciant . T. R. apud Guldeford , 13 die Sept. The like Fines for relief , pro terris & catallis Patris eorum ratione relevii Regi contingentibus ; paid by sundry Iews , I meet with in * * Fines 34 H. 3. m. 2. Pro Judaeis . 34 H. 3. and many Fine Rolls else throughout his reign , and in Edward the 1. which I pretermit : it being entred of some . Dederunt Regi 20 s. auri ( or some other sum of gold ) prae manibus .

In 34 H. 3. There was a tax of ten thousand marks imposed on the Jews , and this composition made between the King and Salmon Bishop , a Jew concerning it , & future Taxes , thus entred in the Fine roll of that year .

Fines 34 H. 3. m. 2. Pro Salmone Episcopo Judeo London . Rex concessit Salmoni Episcopo Judeo London , quod de Tallagio 10 mil. marc . per annum sit ad 20 l. dum Tallagium Judeorum sit in tali statu ; et si crescat Tallagium Judeorum crescat ejus portio quae ipsum continget de Tallagio praedicto , et si decrescatur simili modo . Ita tamen , quod si tota Communitas Judeorum Regi gravetur de Tallagio praedicto , aut summa X. millium marc . debeat decrescere , eo quod idem Salmon est ad talem summam , respondeat at idem Iudeus ad liberatum librae suae de praedict. 20 l. sicut alii Judei faciunt in tallagio suo . Et reddat Regi praedict. 20 lib. annuatim ad duos terminos , viz. 10 l. ad Scac. S. Michaelis , & 10 l. ad Scac. Paschae . Et mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custod . Iud: assignatis , quod sic fieri et irrotulari faciant , et pro licentia concessionis dedit Regi unam marcam auri , T. R. apud Wyndes , 1. die Octob. et habet inde Literas Patentes per eadem verba . The like compositions were made with the King by Aaron of York , and many other Jews in this and other years .

In the 34 year of King H. 3. I find this recital in a writ , That the King by the long received custome of the Realm ought to succeed the Iews themselves in all houses and other Lands which they should purchase within the realme , ( upon their deaths , outlary , or departure hence , ) and that he might grant them to whom he pleased , ( as well as tax them , and seise their goods at his pleasure . )

† † Claus . 34. H. 3. m. 19. dorso Rex Vicecomiti Norff. salutem . Licet de consuetudine longeva dicatur obtentum in regno nostro , quod Nos in Domibus et aliis quas acquisiverint Iudaei in regno nostro succedere debeamus ipsis Iudaeis ; aures tamen nostras precibus Edmundi Kake de Norwic. Capellani misericorditer inclinantes , concessimus eidem Edmundo , de gratia nostra , quod non obstante consuetudine praedicta , habeat Messuagium illud in Norwic : de quo nuper seisinam fieri fecimus Magistro Benedicto , et quod Seigumet Iudaeus utlagatus tenuit de praedicto Edmundo in eadem villa de Norwic. Et ideo tibi praecipimus , quod eidem Edmundo de praedicto messuagio , sine dilatione plenam seisinam habere facias . T. R. apud Clarendon 13 die Decembris .

In the same roll I find a writ to attach both the body and goods of a Jew , and to bring them both before the Justices assigned for the Iews .

† † Claus . 34. H. 3 m. 11. dorso . Mandatum est Vicecomiti Dorset , quod habeat coram Iusticiariis regis ad Custodiam Iudeorum assignatis apud Westm. in Crastino Sanctae Mariae Magdalenae corpus Solomonis Iudei de Dorcestria , cum omnibus catallis ipsius Iudaei sub sigillo suo . T. R. apud Merleberge 21 die Junii .

In the Patent roll , of this year , the King granted this License to the Masters of the Law of the Commonalty of the Jews in London to excommunicate such Jews as refused to contribute that subsidy they had promised towards the sustaining of their common Churchyard in London , whom they could not excommunicate without his leave .

* * Pat. 34 H. 3. m. 3. Rex Iusticiariis suis ad Custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis , salutem . Sciatis , quod concessimus Iudaeis nostris London quod Magistri legis eorundem Iudaeorum in Ciuitate London promulgare possint summam Excommunicationem in omnes illos Iudaeos , qui subsidium aliquod promiserunt ad Cimiterium London sustinendum , et illud non solverint ; Ita quod Nos & non alii de Judaeis excommunicatis sufficientes emendas recipiamus , T. R. 28 Die Julii .

In the 35 of Henry 3. there are these records touching the Jews .

* * Claus . 35. H. 3. m. 7. Pro Reginaldo de Salinis Valetto Regis . Mandatum est Philippo Luvel , et Sociis suis Justiciariis Judaeorum sicut alias , Quod de Tallagio X. milium Marcarum assesso super Communitatem Iudaeorum Angliae , faciant habere Reginaldo de Salinis 40 libras ad terras inde emendas ad opus suum , vel ad commodum suum alio modo faciendum prout sibi viderit expediri , etillas in eodem Tallagio faciendo allocari Communitati praedictae . Et Rex bene vult quod eadem 40 l. Ricardo de Salinis allocantur in debitis quod debet in Judaismo pro eodem Reginaldo , dum tamen idem Reginaldus securus sit de protione sua . T. R. apud Wherewell , 25 die Maii. Per ipsum Regem .

The wives and children of the Jews oft times used to be distrained and imprisoned for their Debts , as appears by this record to respite such proceedings against them for a time Anno 35. H. 3.

* * Claus. 25 H. 3. m. 5. Pro quaedam Judea & pueris suis . Mandatum est Vic. Devon . quod non distringat , nec distringi permittat uxorem Boneufaunt , Judei Exon. vel pueros suos per corpora sua , ipsos imprisonando occasione alicujus debiti seu demandae tangentis ipsum Boneufaunt de fine 100 marc . auri , quia Rex vult ipsam Iudeam cum predictis pueris suis esse in pace usque ad octabis Sti. Mich. prox . futuri . Et si ipsos imprisonavit , eos interim deliberari faciat . T. R. apud Windsore 2 die Septemb. per ipsum regem .

This year there was a tax of 10000 marks imposed on the Iews , as is evident by Pat 35. H. 3. pars 2. m. 4. De tallagio Iudeorum assidendo , for assessing it , and this Precept concerning it .

* * Claus . 35. H. 3. m. 7. De Tallagio Judeorum Regi reddendo . Mandatum est Baron . de Scac. ad custodiam Iudeorum assignatis , quod provideant et●ordment inter se qualiter illa 10 millia marc . quae regi debentur de Tallagio Iudeorum regi persolvi possint .

And in the same membrana there is this command to buy gold with the Jews money for the Kings use .

* * De auro emendo ad opus Regis de denariis Judaismi Mandat W. de Hoverhull Thes. reg. Edward de Westm. et Phil. Luvell quod de omnibus denariis de Judaismo provenientibus aurum ad opus regis emi faciant , sicut rex eidem Philippo dudum injunxit , et sicut T. Espernon eis exponet ex parte regis T. R.

What great sums of gold the King received of some Iews this year to be exempted from taxes , paying set rates for 4 years space , will appear by this record .

* * Claus. 35 H. 3. m. 11. Pro Judaeis . Mandatum est Justiciariis ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis quod illas 10 mil. marcas auri , quas Elias Judeus London regi dedit pro sic , quod a festo St. Mich. An. 34. usque in quatuor annos prox . sequentes completos , non talliaretur nisi ad centum libr. per annum , dum Tallagium regis duraret eidem inde , proximis terminis suis Tallagii sui fac . allocari . Ita quod de cetero respondeat in tallagio suo Judeorum secundum facultates suas sicut rex alias eis mandavit ) non obstanre gratia regis quam ei concesserit pro donatione predicti auri . T. R. apud Clarendon 10 die Iuuii .

Consimiles literas habet Aaron fil . Abrah. Judeus London de 25 marc . auri allocari , ut supra continetur eisdem Justic . directas . T. ut supra , per ipsum regem .

Et quia Aaron de Ebor. affirmavit coram rege quod predict . aurum prefatis Aaron et Eliae alia vice , per mandatum Regis de quo Rex non recolit , fuit allocatum ; Mandat . est prefatis Justic . quod super hoc regem fine dilatione certificent . Scituri quod dictus Aaron Regi promisit 200 marc . argenti , nisi predicta summa auri praedictis Iudeis per regem fuit allocata in Tallagio suo , T. R. &c. per ipsum regem .

The King this year allows a Jew to sue for the remainder of a debt which the King had pardoned , and the Bond to be taken out of the Chest by this Writ .

* * Claus. 35 H. 3. m. 5. dorso . Rex Justic . ad custod . Iudeorum assign . Cum nullus Iudeus debeat plac . de Cirograf . in Archa Iudeorum inventa et catal . Abr. de Berchanster quae capta fuerunt in manum nostram ex toto credebamus ad opus nostrum retinere , quorum residuū ad petitionem R. Com. Cornub. eidem remissimus , licet alias dederimus vobis in mandatis , quod in quiraretis per sacr. legal hominum , qualem summam pecuniae Galfr. Mansell de dicto Abr. recepit et dict. G. de usuris forte solum quietum remaneret : Volumus tamen cum dictus Iudeus residuum catallorum suorum recuperaverit quod dict. G. distringi faciatis ad plenam solutionem totius residui dicto Iudeo faciend. secundum formam Cyrogr. sui . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod sic fieri et irro ulari fac . Ita quod dictus Iudeus totam summam in parte sua Cyrogr. contentam cum debito integre possit recuperare . Et licet Cyrogr. alias per preceptu● nostrum ab Archa sit extract . hoc facere non omittatis . T. apud Harding 25. die August .

The Jews in that age could not ( without the Kings special license ) remove themselves or goods from one City to another , and acquainting the Justices assigned for the Jews of his royal pleasure therein , and were enforced to give security for one another to pay their Taxes to the King , as this record of 36 H. 3. will evidence .

* * Claus . 36. H. 3. m. 6. Rex concessit Iacobo filio Boneufaunt Judeo , quod libere recedat a Villa Gloucestriae , et moram facere in civitate London ; Et quia idem Judeus fecit regi securitatem per Iacobum le Eveske Iudeorum de tallagio suo ad quod tallietur , ad festum sancti Martini regi reddendo . Mandatum est Vicecom. Glouc. quod ad ipsum , aut ad familiam suam , aut catalla sua manum non apponat , sed ipsum cum omnibus praedictis a Villa Gloucestriae libere recedere permittat . Teste Rege apud Woodstoke 19 die Augusti per ipsum regem .

Et mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis , quod ipsum inter Iudeos regis in civitate praedicta manere permittant , Teste ut supra .

* * Ibid. Mandatum est eisdem , quod faciant habere Iacobo le Eveske Iudeo residentiam in Scaccario Judeorum in servicio regis , et quod ad ipsum pertinet , secundum legem Scaccarii regis , sicut et predecessores sui clerici regis ibidem habere consueverunt . Teste , ut supra per R. Waker .

The Iews could not then reside nor enjoy any office in the Iews Exchequer without the Kings special grant and license , Neither could they sue for any debt ( especially upon an Obligation out of their common Chest ) without the Kings expresse license and grant . Witnesse the president in the self same Roll , and others forecited .

King Henry in the 36 of his reign granted by * * Pat. 36. H. 3. m. 11. Patent to Aaron of York , Elye le Eveske de London , and Solomon le Eveske , that for 4 years next ensuing they should not be taxed above set summes a year there mentioned , to be paid half yearly by them into the Exchequer , and that their set sums should be allowed in the original taxes assessed upon the commonalty of the Jews , and be abated proportionably as their tax was abated ; Yea he granted this exemption to Aaron , his Wife & children , not to be distrained and imprisoned for their debts or taxes , so long as he had goods to satisfie them , and to sue for goods and debts , though out of the chest .

* * Pat. 36. H. 3. m. 10. Pro Aaron de Ebor. m 1. 1 Rex omnibus salutem . Sciatis quod concessimus Aaron de Ebor. Iudeo nostro , quod nec ipse , nec uxor ejus , nec eorum pueri distingantur per corpora sua nec imprisonentur , quamdiu catalia sua sufficiant ad districtionem faciend. pro debitis nostris . In cujus &c. duratur : per biennium . T. R. apud Westm. 15 die Marcii : Et mandat . est Iustic . ad custodiam Iudaeorum assign . quod sic fieri et irrotulari faciant . T. ut supra per Regem .

Rex omnibus , &c. Sciatis quod concessimus Aaron de Ebor. Iudeo nostro , quod possit placitare coram Iustic . nostris ad cust . Iud. assign : pro catallis et debitis suis recuperandis , et ea petere sine occasione , usque ad summam 400 lib. sine receptione Usurae , licet catalla illa , et debita fuerunt extra Archam Cyrogr. In cujus , &c. T. ut supra .

* * Claus . 36. H. ● m. 7 , 8. claus. 37 H. 3. m. 20. The like License to sue for Debts and Chattels out of the Chest to such a summe sine receptione Usurae , I finde granted this year to Copin a London Jew , & to other Jews the same year ; with a writ to deliver a Jew out of prison committed upon a false complaint : and this pardon of two Jews wives for flying to avoid imprisonment for their husbands taxes .

† † Claus . 36. H. 3. m. 24. Pro Judeis . Rex pardonavit Floriae uxori Elye Blundi , et Pigonae uxori Aaron Blundi , Wayneriam quam meis Justiciariis promulgarunt pro fuga quam fecerunt pro Tallio super praedict. Elye et Aaron assesso : et mandat . est praedict. Justic . quod praedict. Floria et Pygona propter hoc non occasionentur . T. R. apud Windsore 12 die Feb. Per ipsum Regem .

There was likewise this year a precept to the Iustices to give a Jews wife her full and reasonable dower of her husbands chattels .

* * Claus . 36. H. 3. m. 26. Pro quadam Judea . Mandatum est Iusticiariis ad custod : &c. quod si Rosa quae fuit uxor Leonis Epi : Iudei Ebor. nondum plenè habuit Dotem suam de catallis quae fuerunt ejusdem Leonis , tunc eidem Iudeae plenam et rationabilem dotem suam habere faciant , secundum legem et consuetudinem Judaismi Regis . T. R. Per ipsum Regem .

This year the King assigned certain Jews of London to tax the rest of the Jews upon a common tax then imposed on them ; in this manner .

† † Claus . 36. H. 3. m. 7. De quib sdam Judeisu uassignatis ad a ssidend . Tallagium super Communitate Judeorum . Rex assignavit Eliam Epis : et Aaron fil . Abrah. Iudeos London , ad assidend . Tallagium super Communitate Iudeorum nostrorum London ; it a videlicet quod communitas illa eligat ipsis tercium idoneum ad Tallagium illud una cum dictis Eli & Aaron assidend . Et mandat . est Constabul : Turris London ; quod ipsum tercium sic electum eis faciat associari ; firmiter injungendo eis quod taliter ipsi provideant de Tallagio illo assidendo , quod Rex illud terminis Statutis habeat , et quod pro defectu eorum non oporteat regi graviter se capere ad Talliatores praedictos . Teste per Philip Luvel .

It seems this tax then assessed amounted to 3500 marks by this ensuing record that year .

* * Claus . 36. H. m. 32. dors. Rex Iustic . ad custod . Jud: &c. Sciatis , quod Manuel Blund Judeus obtulit nobis dimid. marc . auri ut de Tallagio 3 mill . marc . et 500 marc . talliaretur secundum catalla sua , sicut ceteri Iudei de Communitate London talliantur . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod si judicetis hoc esse ad commodum nostrum sic fieri faciatis . T. R.

How strictly this tax was levied , appears by this writ to destrain the Lands , Revenues , wives , children and chattels of all the Jews in York , and for the arrears of Aaron too , notwithstanding his former exemption .

† † Claus . 36. H. 3. m. 26. dorso . Mandat . est Vic. Ebor : quod distringat Aaron de Ebor : Iudeum , et omnes alios Judeos Ebor. per terras , et tenementa , catalla , uxores et filios , et omnibus aliis modis quibus melius poterit , ad reddend . Regi Tallagium suum de terminis Sancti Martini et St. Hillarii , prox . preteritis , et id sicut seipsum diligit non omittat . T. R. apud Notingh . 14 die Ian.

I find a Precept of the King this year to detein a convert Jew in prison , accused of a Rape and other Trespasses , such Converts were they then .

* * Claus. 36 H. 3. dorso 22. Mandatum est Vic. Linc. quod M. conversum commorantem apud Tornie capiat , et in prisona Regis salvo custodiat , donec &c. per Orfanna de Geterleg . apellat : de raptu , et pace Regis fracta . T. R.

And this year * * Ibid. dors. 14. Edw. de Westm. Will . de Bretun , & Tho: Espernun , assignati sunt ad Inquisuionem fac . de concelamentis Iudaismi , tam in London , quam alibi .

Anno 37 H. 3. The Jews advancing 5000 marks to the King beforehand for his passage into Gascoigne , he thereupon made this Grant to them , to be exempted from taxes till Easter , and granted them writs in form of appeal , if over-taxed ; witness this record .

Rex concessit omnibus Iudeis Angliae , * * Claus . 37. H. 3 m. 6. Pro Judeis Angliae . quod pro 4000 marc . quas regi praemanibus ad passagium suum in Vascon : pacaverint , et pro 1000 marc . quas Regi Ric. Com. Cornub. ad dictum passagium pro eis solvit , quod sint quieti de Tallagio facto ad passagium regis in Vascon : pro pred . 5000 marc . et quod non tallientur citra Pasche , et omnes Iudei qui utlagati sunt pro dicto Tall. si placare voluerint quod debeant de dicto Tall. Rex concedit eis quod ad pacem Regis veniant . Rex tamen vult quod nullum Breve allocationis valeat alicui Iudeo in isto Tallagio , quia R. Com. Cornubiae 1000 marc . de dicto Tallagio habere debet . Rex etiam vult , quod si aliquis Iudeus aggravetur de dicto Tallagio , quod gravamen suum alteri imponatur qui melius ferre possit . Et super hoc scribitur Thes. et Baron . de Scac : et Iustic : ad custod . Iud: assign : T. R. apud Portsm . 7. die July , per Hen. de Wengham .

Hereupon some Iews complaining they were over-taxed in their tallages procured this writ for their ease herein .

* * Ibid. m. 7. Monstravit Regi Manuel Blundus Judeus London , quod ipse superoneratus est in uItimo Tallvgio suo , et solvit plus ad demidium , quam solvisse debuit , et quam alii solverint , secundum facultates suas . Et mandatum est , Philippo Luvel , et Justiciariis ad custod . Jud. assign . quod si ita est , tunc super onerationem illam in praesentia ipsius Judei assidi faciant , super alleviatos Judeos regni nostri in Tallagio predicto , et pro eadem superoneratione reddenda districtonem fieri , et praedict. Man : returnari fac . sine dilatione . Ita quod inde querelam rex non audiat pro defectu Justiciae . Consimiles Literae habet Solomon Epis. Judeus London .

The same year , * * Claus . 37. H. 3. m. 7. Rex concessit Hake , fil . Ioscey Iudeo , quod habeat pacem regis , et salvum ire & redire , licet se substraxerit pro quibusdam plateis argenteis ei impignoratis , ut dicitur . Ita quod plegios regi inveniat quod stabit recto secundum legem Judaismi . Et super hoc scribitur Iustic . ad custod . Jud. assignatis . T. R. apud Harwic . 2 die Iuly .

Also . * * Claus . 37. H. 3. m. 13. Pro Judeo . Rex per finem quem Mossi de Hereford Judaeus fecit cum rege , pardonavit ei transgressionem quam fecit , pro eo quod illicentiatus a rege recessit in fine Scac. regis Sanct. Hillarii , pro qua transgressione ipsum capi jusserint Justic . ad custod . Judeorum assignati . Et mandatum est eisdem Iustic . quod ipsum propter hoc non occasionari nec capi faciant . T. R. apud Harling , 7 die April .

Febr. 15. The * * Ib. m. 17. 19. King writes to the Iustices of the Iews to allow a Debt to two several Christians and Iews , ( which he had pardoned the Debtors to these Iews ) in their Taxes they were to pay .

This year a Iews wife proving a convert Christian , her husband was attached for her goods , by the King , as belonging to him upon her conversion ; who thereupon paid a fine to have this New case judicially determined in the Jews Eschequer , as this record attests .

* * Claus. 37 H. 3. m. 18. Pro Judeo . Cum Abraham Batekot Iudeus attachiatus esset ad respondend . regi de catallis Amiciae Judeae , quae fuit uxor sua , quae quidem catalla post conversionem suam ad regem pertinebant , ut dicitur . Idem Iudeus finem fecit cum rege pro dimid. marc . auri quam regi solvit , ut secundum legem et consuetudinem Iudaismi ad Scaccarium Iudaeorum super hoc deducatur . Et mandatum est Iustic . ad custod . Iud. assignatis , quod citra festum S. And : ad Scaccarium Iudeorum , quod justum fuerit ●e catallis praedictis fieri ●aciant , sicut praedict. est T. per R. de Essington .

King Henry in this 37 year of his reign provided and ordained these memorable Laws and ordinances for the better regulation of the Jews in England , restraining their Jewish rites , erection of new Synagogues , or Schools , defection from , or disputing against the Christian faith , entertaining any Christians as Nurses , servants , and communion with Christians , to prevent their leavening of Christians with their Iudaisme , distinguishing them from them by wearing a white Table on their breasts , in joyning paying of tithes to the Christian Minister where they lived , &c.

* * Claus . 37. H. 3. m. 18. De Provisione facta per Regem de Iudeis Angliae . Rex providit et statuit , &c. Quod nullus Judeus maneat in Anglia , nisi servicium Regis faciat . Et quam cito aliquis Iudeus natus fuerit sive sit Masculus sive faemina serviat Nobis in aliquo . Et quod nullae Scholae Iudaeorum sint in Anglia , nisi in locis illis in quibus hujusmodi * * Synagogae are here meant by Scolae . scholae fuerunt tempore Domini Iohannis regis patris regis . Et quod universi Judei in Synagogis suis celebrent submissa voce , secundum ritum eorum , Ita quod Christiani hoc non audiant . Et quod quilibet Judeus respondeat Rectori Ecclesiae , in cujus parochia maneat , de omnibus parochialibus ad domum ipsius Iudei spectantibus . Et quod nulla Nutrix Christiana de cetero lactet aur nutriat puerum alicujus Iudei , nec aliquis Christianus , vel Christiana serviat alicui Iudeo vel Iudeae , nec cum ipsis comedat , vel in domo sua commoretur . Et quod nullus Iudeus vel Iudea comedat aut emat carnes in Quadragessima . Et quod nullus Judeus detrahat fidei Christianae , vel publice disputet de eadem . Et quod nullus Iudeus habeat secretam familiaritatem cum aliqua Christiana , nec aliquis Christianus cum Iudea . Et quod quiliber Iudeus ferat manifestam Tabulam . Et quod nullus Judeus ingrediatur aliquam Ecclesiam vel aliquam Capellam nisi transeundo , nec in eis moretur in vituperium Christi . Et quod nullus Judeus impediat aliquo modo alium Judeum volentem ad fidem Christi convertere . Et quod nullus Judeus receptetur in aliqua villa sine speciali licentia regis , nisi in villis illis in quibus Judei manere consueverunt . Et mandatum est Justiciariis ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis , quod sic fieri , et sub incursione bonorum praedictorum Iudeorum firmiter teneri faciant . Teste Rege apud Westm. 31 die Ianuarii .

Per REGEM Et CONSILIUM .

These are the most memorable Constitutions of all others I have met with , made by the King and his Counsel for restraining the insolencies , rites , and preventing the Leprosie and leaven of the Iews , except those of 7 E. 1. ( which I shall recite in due place ) derived from these , which none of our Historians mention .

In the 39 year of H. 3. I find this large record touching the assessing of a Tallage upon the Commonalty of the Jews in London and other places , assessed , levyed , with all diligence and all sorts of new devises .

* * Pat. 39. H. 3. m. 2. dorso . Rex Constab . Turris suae London , salutem . Precipimus tibi quod statim visis literis istis , starim in presentia tua eligi fac . tres de legalioribus et discretioribus Iudeis de communitate Iudeorum London , de assensu Iudeorum eorundem , ad assidend . super eandem communitatem 472 marc . quae ipsam commun . contingunt de Tallio mille libr. super Iudeos nostros Angliae assesso de termino sancti Martini prox . futuri , et assidend . super eandem communitatem 50 marc quae ipsam contingunt de portione Tallag . Aaron de Ebor. Iudeo de Tall. predict . cui concessimus ad instantiam dilecti fratris et fidelis nostri Rici . Com. Cornub. quod hac vice propter * * See Claus . 39. H. 3. m. 3. Pro Aaron de Ebor. Iudeo . to discharge him hereof for his poverty . nimiam suam paupertatem de praedicto Tallagio sit quietus . Et distringas omnes Iudeos et Iudeas de Com. praedicto , omnibus modis quibus modis sciveris et poteris per corpora et catalla sua infra Archas Cyrograph . London et extra inventa , ad reddendum Regi ad opus dicti fratris nostri portionem quae eis continget de praedict. 522 marc . Et si contigerit quod aliquis Iudeus vel Iudea defecerit in solutione porcionis quae ipsum Judeum vel Iudeam contingit de tall . et portione predictis , tunc accedas ad Arch. praedict. et extrahi facias de melioribus et clarioribus debitis suis in Atchis illis inventis , usque ad portionem quae ipsum Iudeum vel Iudeam continget de tallio et portione predict . ad distringendum omnes debitores eorundem debitotum , ita quod habeas omnes denarios illos albos et integros per manum tuam propriam apud Wallingford in vigilia St. Andr. Apostoli an . r. n. 40. liberand . praedicto Com. vel ipsis qui per ipsum Com. ad haec fuerint deputati , et habeas ad eosdem diem et locum de arreragiis Tallagii 100 l. de termino Sancti Trinit , praeter : de Coc. fil . Aaron ( and 20 other Iews there named ordered to pay special sums there specified as due from each of them ) liberandos per manum tuam praedicto Com. vel ipsis qui ad hoc fuerint deputati , unde alias recepisti mandatum nos●rum , quod non es exercutus habeas . etiam ad eosdem diem et locum , corpora Eliae Epi. Aaron fil . Abraham , Solomon Epi. et Iacob Epi Iudeorum , plegios de tallio praedicto , una cum corporibus illorum Iudeorum & Iudearum quae aliqua arreragia debuerunt de Tallagio praedict. Et Ita te habeas in hoc mandato exequendo , quod pro defectu tui ad te graviter capere non debeamus nec de terris et catallis tuis praedicta debita levari faciemus . T. me ipso apud Westm. 24 die Octob. an . r. n. 39.

Eodem modo mandatum est Vic. Linc. Wigorn . Oxon. Suthampt. Linc. Ebor. Devon . Wilteshire . Gloucest . Cantebr . Norff. Bedeford , Essex , Hereford , & Constab . Bristol . to levy other particular summes upon particular Jewes there mentioned , too tedious to transcribe , conteining an whole Roll , where all who please may view them at their leasure , and the Jews too names being many .

Then follows Quia Com. Cornub. supplicavit , Regi quod mittat aliquem de suis usque Wallingford in vigil . St. Andr. prox futur . qui inter sit solutioni tunc faciendae ibid. de Tallagio et debitis Judeorum ( formerly particularized at large . ) quae ei concessit in parte solutionis debitorum in quibus ei tenetur . Mandatum est Tho. Espernon , quod omnibus negotiis pretermissis eidem solutioni dictis die & loco inreter sit ad eam videndam et irrotula●d . & hoc non omittat . T. ut supra . Eodem modo mandat . est Cyrogr. Arch. Iudeorum Winton , quod adjuvantes sint , et consulentes Vic. Suth . ad levand . ad opus dic . Com. Cornub. de 160l . 12 marc . quae communitatem Judeor . Winton contingunt de Tallagio nulle libr. super Iudeos Angliae assess . de termino St. Martini prox . preter : et quod permittant predict . Vic. Visis literis ipsis habere liberam administrationem debitorum in Archis illis inventorum ad levand praedict. 160l . 12 marc . & hoc sicut se et sua diligunt non omittant . T. ut supra , Eodem modo mandat . est Cyrograph . Archae Iudaeorum Colecester , Wigorn , London , to levy other particular summs there specified in like manner . And Dors. 4. there are the same writs in all things pro assidendo & levando upon the Commonalty of the Jews of London 247 mar . and of other sumsu●on all Jews of England in form aforesaid .

In Claus . 39. H , 3. m. 7 : There is order for Vines a Jew to recover his debts owed by creditors , by reason of his poverty , Also Commands to Sheriffs to seal up the Iewes Chests , and to others to open and view their writings .

* * Claus . 39. H. 3. m. 13. De Archis Iude●rum Mandat . est Cyrogr. Christianis & Judeis Hereford , quod petmittant Vic. Hereford . & Hug. de Pylardington habere accessum ad Arch. Cyrogr. er illam sigillis suis signare , et quod permittant Will . Mansell . Vic. War . & praedict. Hug. predict . sigilla frangere , & Cyro . in praedict. Archa invent . videre et irrotulare prout injunxit , T. per Philip Luvel . Eodem modo mandat . &c. Cyrogr. Christ . & Jud. et Vic. Wigorn. statim visis literis accedat ad Arch. Cyr. Wigorn. & illum sigillo suo signet , & quod capiat corpota Hake de Wigorn . Iud. et Aar . et Samps , fil suor . et eos duci fac . Lond. & ibi custod . Turr. R. Lond. T. ut supra , The like command is to the Sheriff of Hereford , to seal up the Jews Chest there , and for Hugh P. to search it .

In * * So it was noted when I read it , though mistaken in the year . Claus. 39 H. 3. pa●s . 2. dors. 16 , 17. There is a large Catalogue of the Lands , Houses , Rents , Morgages , real and personal estate and debts of Abraham a Jew in several Counties , amounting to a vast sum , taking up near two Membranes , which were all imbreviated and confiscated to the Kings use . And a proclamation by the King , that No Iew should be suffered to depart out of the realm of England .

In 40 H. 3. the King by his Letters Patents authorized Commissioners to sell the houses , and enquire after the goods and chattels of the Jews , condemned for * * S●e First Demurrer , Edit. 2. p. 29 , 30 , &c. crucifying a child at Lincoln .

† † Pat. 40 H. 3. m. 5 De domibus quorund . Iudeorum vendendis . Rex omnibus , &c. Sciatis quod constituimus dilect : et fidel. nostros Simon Passeleiw , et Will : de Leighton , Vic. nostri London , ad vendend : per visum et testimonium legalium hominum , domos quae fuerunt Judaeo●um Linc. suspensorum pro parvo crucifixo ibidem , prout commodo nostro magis viderint expedire , et ad inquirend . quo devenerunt catalla eorundem Iudaeorum , et qui ea habeant , et quantum valeant . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod eidem Simoni et Vis. ad hoc sitis intenden●es et auxiliantes cum ab eis requisiti fueritis . In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Woodest . 20 die Aug.

It seems some of these Jews that crucified this child turned Christians to save their lives for which I find this kind of pardon grated to one of them at the suit of a † † See Mat. Pa●●● , p. 622. First Demurrer , p. 33 Frier .

* * Pat. 40. H. 3. m. 18. Pro Joh. Converso . Rex omnibus , &c. salutem . Sciatis quod ad instantiam dilecti nobis in Christo fratris Iohannis de Dorbuton , pardonavi Iohanni Converso sectam pacis nostrae quae ad nos pertinet , pro morte pueri nuper crucifixi apud Lincoln , dum predictus Iohannis fuit Iudeus ●jusdem Civitatis , unde rectatus est , et firmam pacem nostram ei inde concedimus . Ita tamen quod stet recto in Curia nostra , si quis versus eum inde loqui voluerit . In cujus &c. T. R. apud Westm. 10 die Jan.

The same year there issued a precept to the Sheriff of Lincoln , to send the Chest of the Iews of Lincoln to London , belike for the same crucifying of this child .

* * Claus. 40 H. 3. pars 1. do●s . 16. Mandat . est Vic. Linc. quod statim visis literis istis mittat usque London Archam Cirogr . Lincoln , sub salva custodia liberand . Ph. Luvel Thesaur . Regis et Justic . ad custodiam Iud: assignatis , et quod venire fac . ibidem , cum eadem Archa omnes Cyrographarios ejusdem Villae , tam Christianos quam Iudaeos , et hoc non omittat .

This year the King ordained a New Justice for the Iews , who took an Oath of Fealty to the King , due to his Office , and was formally invested in the place , as this record relates .

* * Claus. 40 H. 3. pars 1. m. 15. De Justic . constit . ad Custodiam Judeorum . Rex constituit Adam de Greenvile , Iusticiarium suum Iudaeorum , et ab eo recipit Sacramentum fidelitatis Regi debitum pretextu officii sui . Et mandat . est Phil. Luvel Thesaurar : regis , &c. quod ipsum in locum suum , tanquam Iustic . Regis in Scac : Iudaeorum sine dilatione ponant . T. R. per R. Walis .

* * Ibidem dors. 9. Pro Judeo . Cok. fil . Aaron Iudeus London , cum instantia supplicavit regi , Quod super Fine quem nuper fecit coram Philip. Luvel Thes. et Henrico de Bathon , ad opus regis pro 20 marc . auri , eidem Iudeo literae Patentes fieri fac . Et mandatum est eisdem Philip●o , et Ric: quod formam Literarum Patent . quas pred . Judeus inde habere debet ad terminos solucionis ejusdem auri sub sigillis suis significent , ut Rex literas illas eidem Jud●o fieri et consignari faciat . T. R. apud Clarend . 3 die Iulii . It seems these Justices directed all the Iews Patents of this nature .

In the 41 year of King Henry the 3d. Elyas Bishop , the High Priest of the Iews , as † † Hist. Angl. p. 888. See my first Demurrer , p. 28. Mat. Paris stiles him , for a certain Transgression against the King , and his Brother King of Almaine , was judicially deprived of his High-Priesthood and Priestly Office , by the judgement of the Kings Justices assigned for the custody of the Jews in the Exchequer , and of all his other Offices formerly granted him by the King ; and that he should never be capable to receive or execute these Offices again : whereupon the King for a Fine of 3 marks of gold paid by the Commonalty of the Jews , granted unto them by his Charter , that from thenceforth none should be their Priest , but by the common election of the said Commonalty of the Jews ; and that upon the death of every Priest , they should have free Liberty to chuse another Priest , and of presenting him to the King , that he might obtain his assent and favour therein ; as this memorable record informs us , wherein the names of the Justices assigned to the Iews are specified .

* * Pat 41. H. 3. m. 4. no. 6. Pro Communi●ate Judaeorum Angliae . Rex omnibus , &c. Cum Elyas * * Episcopus here , I conceive to be a surname , as Le Eveske , the same in French , and Bishop then was , & at this day is both amongst the Jews , French and English , not a name of Office , as is generally mistaken . Episcopus Iudaeus noster London , pro transgressione quam fecit , 〈◊〉 Nobis , quam dilecto fratri nostro Regi Almannorum a sacerdotio communitatis ●udaeorum Augliae coram dilectis & fidelibus nostris Philippo Ballet , Philippo Luvel , Henrico de Bathonia , Simon Passelew , & caeteris Iusticiariis ad custodiam Iudeorum assignatis , quos ad Transgressionem Uam convincendam Iusticiarios nostros assignavimus , Per Iudicium eorundem ad Scaccarium nostrum Fuerit abjudicatus , et de ejusdem Sacerdotii Officio , et e●iam de omni 〈…〉 officiis et Ballivis quas a Nobis prius ob●inuit sit depositus ; Nos de consilio erundem Iusticiariorum concessimus praedictae Communitati Iudeorum nostrorum Angliae , per finem trium marcarum auri quem Cresse et Haginus fratres ejusdem Iudaei , nobis pro eadem Communicate fecerunt , quod praedictus Elyas Sacerdotium illud nunquam in posterum habeat et recuperet : Et quod nullus de Communitate illa de caetero sit Sacerdos nisi per communem Electionem Communitatis ejusdem . Quod illa Communitas post decessum cujuslibet Sacerdotis sic electi , alium eligendi quemcunque voluerint Sacerdotem liberam habeat facultatem , ac ipsum Nobis praesentandi , ut nostrum super hoc assensum optineat et favorem . In cujus , &c. Teste Rege apud Wodstoke , 20 die Iulii .

I observe in this Record , that Elyas , is stiled , only , Sacerdos , not Presbyter Judeorum his only Priestly office ; called , Sacerdotium communitatis Angliae . & Sacerdotii officium ; not Presbyteratus omnium Judeorum totius Angliae , as * * Here f. 3. 23. b. Jacobs and Aarons forementiontioned Offices are . And he that should succeed him by common election , is still here stiled Sacerdos , Sacerdotis , Sacerdotem , thrice together , not Presbyter at all : Therefore certainly these offices were distinct , the one ecclesiastical , the other temporal in the Exchequer only as I formerly manifested .

What Elias his offence was , for which he was thus deprived of his Priesthood , is not expressed in the record , but most probably it was his stout & bold speech to the King , Earl Richard and the Lords , in behalf of the Jews ●he year before , when they exacted an intollerable tax from them under pain of a most loathsom prison , hangiug , and an ignominious death , recorded at large by * * Pag. 28. 29. Matthew Paris and in the first part of my * * Hist. Angl. p. 887. 902. Demurrer , which I shall not repeat , What power the King and his Justices then had over their Iewish Bishop , & Priests themselves is sufficiently evident by this Record .

In the Rolls of 41 H. 3. I find the King * * Pat. 41. H. 3. pars 1. m. 8. at the intercession of his Brother King of Romans , acquitting Cresse , and two other Iews of London for 5 compleat years then next ensuing , Ab omnibus Tallagiis & auxiliis ad Nos pertinentibus , pro una marca auri et dimid ▪ to be paid by each of them yearly into the Wardrobe , Ibid. m. 13 & 17. And at the instance of the Queen he granted this exemption Iacobo le Eveske Judeo , and to his Son Benedict after his death . Quod toto tempore vitae suae quietus esset de omnibus Tallagiis , auxiliis , et aliis demandis ad nos pertinentibus , pro 5 marc . argenti nobis annuatim reddend . ad Scac. nostrum , salvo tamen nobis & haeredibus nostris misericordias in quas inciderit pro forisfacto aliquo personam suam tangente . Likewise he granted by Patent to Cok. a Jew licence to sue for his fathers debts , for which he paid a fine to the King , and to extend his Debtors lands for the debts , sine aliqua usura . Yea I find this pardon of an Outlawry to a Jewesse the same year .

† † Ibid. m. 17. Pro Roesia Crespin Iudea . Rex omnibus , &c. Sciatis quod per finem quem Roesia Crespin Iudea London fecit nobiscum , remissimus ei vtlagariam in ipsam promuigatam , et malas occasiones pro eo quod ipsa non venit ad mandatum nostrum . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ipsam contra hanc concessionem nostram non vexatis . In cujus , &c. Teste R. apud Winton 4 die Novembris .

This strange Precept was sent the Constable of the Tower , not to bail the Jews upon any Justices Precept .

* * Claus. 41 H. 3. m. 6. M●ndat est Constab . Turris London , quod nec Vic. nec Judeum , vel Judeam arrest . pro debitis Ri. Rom. R. deliberet admandatum Justiciariorum , vel alterius cujuscunque , sine assensu et voluntate Cresse & Abrah. Judeorum attornat . praedict. R. Alemanniae . T. R. apud . Winds . 17 die Jan.

In Cl. 41. H. 3. m. 7. There is respite of a debt granted to Kok a Jew , And Writs to the Justices of the Jewes , for some Jews * * Claus . 41. H. 3. pars 1. m. 12. Pro quibusdam Judeis . Quod non ponantur in Tallagio , quamdiu terminos suos tenuerint of their annual compositions to be exempted from taxes : with this prohibition to the Kings Justices itinerant , not to hold Psea of any matter belonging to the Jews .

Quia Rex non vult quod Judei sui placitent vel implacitentur alibi quam coram Justic . Regis ad custod . Ibidem . See Claus . 56. H. 3. m. 3 , 4. Jud. assignatis . Mandatum est Rogero de Thurks et sociis suis Justiciariis Itiner . in Com. Linc. quod omnia placita tangentia Hagium Jud. Linc. coram eis , ponant coram Justic . praedict. ut ipsi eidem Judeo et aliis de eo contingentibus Justiciam exhibeant , secundum legem & consuetudinem Judaismi . T. R. apud Westm. 7 die Ian. Per Phil. Lovel , & Simonem Passelewe Iustic . Iudeorum , who had power to grant prohibitions to the Iustices in such cases .

If the Iewes were sued before their Iustices ▪ and made default , and could not be found to be distreined , the Iustices thereupon used to seise their Charters and Debts in the Chests , yea houses into the Kings hands , as till they appeared , as this record of 42 H. 3. attests .

* * Claus. 42 H. pars 1. m. 13 Pro Judeo . Quia Rex accepit per inquisitionem quam per Rog. de Marcio , Simon Passelewe , & Will . de Haslebech fieri fecit , quod duae Cartae quae fuerunt Manuel fil . Elie Iudei Linc. inventae in Archa Cyrograph . regis Ebor. captae fuerunt in manum regis pro defalt is quas fecit vers. Will . de Kined al. personam Ecclesiae de Martin Lingeslet in curia regis coram Iusticiariis nostr. ad custod . Iudeorum assign . apud Westm. eo quod non potuit alio modo distringi & attachiari , & quod idem Iudeus propter timorem defaltarum illarum , & pro paupertate sua substraxit se a Villa Linc. & non ob aliam causam . Rex ad instantiam Alfonsi Reg. Castile & Legionum illust. remisit quantum ad Regem pertinet , eidem Iudeo substractionem praedict. & ei praedict. cartas reddidit , ita quod in dicta villa Linc. vel alibi inter Iudeos regis libere & in bona pace morari possit , & stare juri quando et ubi debuerit , secundum legem & consuetudinem Iudaismi regis . Et mandat . est Thesaur . & Baron . Scac. Et Iustic . quod sic fieri & teneri , & dicto Iudeo praedict. cartas suas restitui fac. & de domibus ad ipsum Iudeum spectantibus in praedict. villa Linc. plaenam et celer●m Iusticiam exbibeant eidem , secundum legem & consuetud . Judaismi praedict. T. R. apud Merton 10 die Junii . per Instic . Mansell , & alios de concilio ,

It appears by this and former Records , that the Jews gold could procure Kings , Queens , and other Grandees to be their Intercessors upon all occasions .

It is plain by this Record , that the Jews claimed an exemption from suits for their Tallages before the Barons of the Exchequer .

* * Fines 42 H. 3. m. Pro communitate Judeorum . Rex de consilio suo provide concessit , quod de 500 marc . assesso super communitatem Judeorum Regi de tallagio suo arentata de termino St. Michis de an. 44. de quibus Barones de Scac. summonitionem fieri ●ecerunt Vic. R. per Angliam ad responde● . ●nde coram praedict. Baron . ad praedict. Scac. eidem Vic. respondeant ad Scac. R. Judeorum coram Hugone le Bygod . Justic . Angl. & Justic . R. ad custod . Judeorum assignat . Et mandat . est praedict. Baron . quod sic fieri et teneri faciant . T. R. apud Woodst . 15 die August . per ipsum regem et Consilium .

This year divers Jews being imprisoned , the King and his Council gave order for their release till further provision made concerning them .

* * Claus . 42. H. 3. dors , 6. Pro Iudeis . Quia Rex intendit ordinare de Judaismo suo per consilium suum die Dom. prox . post fest. S. Mar. Magdal . Provisum est per consilium regis , Et mandatum est Ballivo de Wallingford , Constab . Castri Winton , & Turris Lond. quod omnes prisones Judeos in custodia sua detentos deliberent quousque provisiopraedicta facta fuerit . Et mandat est Hugoni de Cresse Jude is Lincoln , quod nullam interim districtionem faciant super praedict. Judeos sed deliberationem illam ipsam ipsi permittant .

( Anno 43. H. 3. A Jews Wife being banished out of England , the husband paid a fine in gold to have licence for her to return and dwell there .

* * ●ines 43. H. 3. m. 10. Pro Iudea Russel . Ex parte Judeae uxor Abrahae Russel quondam Judeus de Wilton , factus est finis cum rege pro 20 ralent . auri pro habenda licentia Regis revertendi in Angliam , & ibidem vivendi in pace , in rot. claus . T. Rege .

After this the Iews giving the King 500 marks towards his passage into France , there issued this Patent for the speedy and violent assessing and levying of it .

* * Pat. 43. H. 3. m. 4. De districtione fac . super Judeos Rex Constab . Turris London . salutem . Cum Iudei nostri Angliae dederunt nobis 500 marc . sterling . ad passagium nostrum in Franc. quod erit , deo voleute 1 die Sept. instantis , tibi precipimus , & in fide qua nobis tener . firmiter injungimus , quatenus sicut honorem nostrum diligis , et indignationem et grave dampnum tuum volueris evitare ; statim visis literis absque omni dilatione facias assidi per Coc : fil . Aaron , Man : Blundum , et Leon. Preciosae 100l . super Commun : Judaeorum London , quae eis contingunt de praed. 500 mar . Quibus festinanter assessis statim distringas tres praedictos assessores , quam omnes alios Judaeos praed. villae per terras , catalla , et corpora eorum , uxorum & puerorum suorum , et omnibus modis aliis quibus melius scieris et poteris , ad reddendum hoc ad opus nostrum , portionem quemlibet ●orum contingentem de praed. 100 lib. Ita quod eas habeas plenarie penes te per praedict. assessores Judeos apud Turrim London , die decol , Sancti Iohannis Baptist . prox . instanti : et ita quod praedict. passag : nostrum ad praedict. diem pro defectu praedict. denariorium nullatenus impediatur . Sciturus certissime , quod nos in omnibus mandatum nostrum adimplendis tam graviter ad te capiemus quod plus ex hoc senties te gravatum , quam si de tuo proprio solveres pecuniam memoratam . Quia tuum gravamen dabit aliis timorem delinquendi . Et habeas ibi tunc hoc breve . T. R. Archidiac Bed . Thes. nostro apud Westm. 6 die Augusti .

* * Pat. 43. H. 3. m. 15. Mandat . est Constabul . Turris London , ( and three more there named ) quod omnes Archas Iudaeorum in pred . Turri existentes aperiri , et omnia catalla et debita in eisdem inventa distrahi et aperte irrotulari faciant ; et ea quae ibid. invenient Regi constare faciant . In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Westm: 5. die Nov.

Anno 44 H. 3. Cok and his Brother , Pat. 44. H. 3. pars 1. m. 7. Pro Cok. fil . Aaron Iudeo London , & Fratre suo . two Jews , having four years before made a fine of 2000 marks in silver , for the goods of their Father , except the Chattels the Queen would take for her gold , &c. The King granted them for a fine to pay the arears of the 2000 mark at certain times , Claus. 44 H. m. 14. 17. and in the mean time to be freed from all Taxes , unless only for their own proper goods , as appears by a special Patent ; part of which monyes they were to pay , and paid in gold into the Wardrobe .

This year there issued a Precept to seize and levy all the Jews Debts .

† † Claus. 45 H. 3. pars 1. m. Pro Rege de Iudaismo . Mandatum est Justic . ad custod . Iud. assignatis , quod omnia debita , tam ea quae sunt in Thesaur . Judaismi Regis , quam ea quae manent in summonitione contenta , in rotulis Scacc. Iudeorum quae scil. debita excedunt 20 mar . liberent sine dilatione The saurario et Baronibus de Scac. ponend . in summonitionem ibidem , retentis tamen penes ipsis Iustic . transcriptis eorundem . T. R. apud S. Paulum London 9. die Maii Per H. le Bygod .

Anno 45 H. 3. * * Pat. 45 H. 3. m. 3. The King at the Queens Petition granted Solomon Eveske of London to be free from all Taxes for two years ; he also issued forth these Letters Patents to search , inroll and inqui●e after all Jews debts , pawns , estates , &c.

† † Pat. 45. H. 3. Dors. 9. Rex Vic. Constabular . Castrorum , Majoribus , Ballivis , Cirographr . et omnibus Ministris suis de Wilton , Merleberge , Glouc. Bristol , & Exon , et omnibus aliis presentes Literas inspecturis , salutem . Sciatis , quod assignavimus Magist . Robert : de Meleel , et Radul : de Hocest . ad Archas Citogr . Judaeorum aperiendas et scrutandas , et ad omnia debita in eisdem inventa irrotulanda ; et ad inquirend omnibus modis quibus melius viderint expedire , de bonis et catallis praed. Judeorum , mobilibus et immobilibus extra Archas : viz. quantum singuli habeant in auro et argento , vadiis , jocalibus , terris , redditibus , et omnibus rebus aliis , & in quorum manibus vel custodiis fuerint et devenerint , tam in Civitatibus , Villis , domibus religiosis , quam ab omnibus locis aliis ; ut de predict . debitis et catallis , et eorum quantitate certificari possumus . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod ad omnia praedicta exequenda et expedienda predicto Roberto , et Radul . sit is intendentes , consulentes et auxiliantes in omni forma quam vobis dicent et injungent ex parte nostra . In cujus &c. T. R. apud Turr. London , 16 die Iulii .

Consimiles Literas Pat. habet Simon Passelewe Archis Winton , Oxon. Bed . & Northam . Georgius de Dover , Willielmus Hamselbech apud Cant. Essex , Norff : Suff. et Canteb . Roger de la Lye , apud Stanford , Lincoln , Not : et Ebor. de Hereford , Warwicke , Wigorn.

This year the King granted this Patent of Safe conduct for a time to Solomon a Jew , who had abjured the realm , to return for a season for his special service .

† † Pat. 45. H. 3. m. 13. Rex omnibus &c. salutem . Licet Solomon le Eveske Judeus abj●ravit regnum nostrum , tamen quia inter homines terrae pro quibusdam negotiis nos specialiter tangentibus in Angl : revertat , concessimus ei quod salvo et secure venire possit in regnum nostrum . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod eidem Judeo in veniendo , morando , ceu recedendo malum non inferatis , vel inferri permittatis , impedimentum , dampnum vel gravamen . Et si quid , &c. In cujus , &c. Duratatur : usque ad Festum Sancti Trin. prox : futur . T. R. apud Turrim London 16 die April .

This year the Wardens and Constable of the Tower of London claimed this priviledge by prescription , that they ought to have the atachment & imprisonment of all Jews , Jewesses of London , and other places , and of all Christians and Jews that were to be attached or imprisoned by the judgement of the Justices and Exchequer of the Iews , for any matters concerning Judaisme ; and likewise to hold Plea in the Tower of all Debts of Iews under 40 s. which priviledge the King allowed , and commanded to be observed by this Writ .

* * Claus. 45 H. 3. pars 1. m. 11. Pro Custodia Turris London . Rex Justic . suis ad custod Iud. assign . salutem . Quia Custodes et Constab . Turris nostrae London semper habere consueverunt omnia attachiamenta tam Iudeorum quam Iudearum L●ndon ; quam aliorum Iud: nostrorum forinsecorum ; et etiam imprisonamentum tam Christianorum quam Iudeorum , quos occasione Iudaismi Prisonae nostrae contigerit adjudicari , vel per preceptum nostrum , vel per considerationem Scac. nostri Judeorum . Quia etiam predicti Custodes et Constab . tenere consueverunt placita inter Christianos et Iudeos , de vadiis usque ad summam 40 s. Providimus & volumus , quod de cetero sic fiet in omnibus . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod omnes tam Christianos , quam Judeos ; quos contigerit per preceptum nostrum , vel considerationem praedicti Scac. nostri Iudeorum ca●cerali custodia ratione Judaismi quoquo modo committi , eos liberari faciatis Constab . Turris nostrae , et per ipsos et Ministros suos praedict. faciatis attachiamenta de Judeis , et placita vadiorum teneri sicut praedict. est . Ita quod nullus , nisi Constabularius predict . Turris nostrae de caetero se intromittat de hujusmodi attachiamentis vel imprisonamentis , vel placitis vadiorum praedict. Et hoc faciatis firmiter teneri et observari . T. R. apud Sanctum Paulum London , 26 die Maii.

Which record fully sets forth the Iurisdiction of the Keepers and Constable of the Tower of London , over the Jews persons and affairs in that age .

* * Ibidem m. 17. Pro Cresseo Iudeo Wilton . Rex Iustic . ad Custod : &c. Monstravit nobis Cresse Iudeus de Wilton , qui decimo anno preterito finem vobiscum fecisset per aurum ad opus nostrum , ut sine occasione implacitare posset coram vobis Galf. de Winelesford de debitis quae ei debet extra Archam Judaeorū ; quod idem Galf. recognovisset coram vobis se debere praefato Iudeo X. libr: attamen quidam prefat. Iudeo invidentes ipsum super dicto debito fraudulenter et maliciose inquietare et molestare nituntur . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod si scrutatis rotulis Scac. nostri Judeorum inveneritis ipsum Judeum finem predict . fecisse , tunc finem illum secundum irrotulat . praedict , et consuetudinem Judaismi nostri remanere fac . sine occasione . T. R. apud Windes . 5. die Febr.

The King wanting present moneys this year , sent forth this writ .

* † Ibidem dors. 15. Pro denar , de Judaismo mittend . ad Regem . Quia Rex plurimum indiget ad praesens pecunia . Mandat . est Justic . ad custod . Iudeorum assignat . quod omnes denarios de Judaismo regis quos reservant ad aurum inde emend . ad opus Regis , sine dilatione liberent in Garderoba Regis Aberico de Fischamp , & Petro de Winton Cler. et faciend. inde quod Rex eis injunxit .

* * Fines 46 H. 3. m. 14. Anno 46 H. 3. I find 18 several Jews paying several fines to the King for Patents , and that they might abide within certain Towns : As likewise a Precept to the Constable of the castle of Glocester , to seise all the chattels houses , Lands , and tenements of Caupon a Jew of Glocester , and keep them safe till the King gave farther Order ; with this further command to the Barons .

* * Fines 46 H. 3. m. 13. Mandatum est Baron de Scac. Quod omnes Cartas , Tallias , et instrumenta inventa in Archis Regis Cyrographariis de debitis Judeorum per Angliam , Regi relictis seu concessis post ultimum scrutinium et proventum fact : de debitis predictis , per illos quos Rex ad hoc deputavit , coram eis venire faciant , ad praedicta debita ad usus Regis levanda secundum quod Rex eis injunxit . T. &c.

He likewise made several grants to Jews , not to release , pardon , respite , or extend their Debts , in this form .

* * Pat. 46. H. 3. m. 14. 15. Rex omnibus , &c. Sciatis , Quod per finem quem Benedictus de Lincoln Judeus fecit nobiscum , et de quo nobis satisfecit in Garderoba nostra , concessimus eidem Iudeo quod de nullis debitis suis , quae eidem debentur , aliquam extentam , aut terminorum prorogationem , quietantiam , seu donationem aliquam faciemus infra quinquennium , à tempore confectionis praesentium literatum . In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Windsore 15. die Maii. The like Patents were then granted to 4 other Jews , and to 8. Jews more on the 19th of February .

The Jews of Canterbury complaining to the King of violence offered to them by the people in Canterbury , who broke open their doores , beat them , and intended to burn their houses with fire , in the night , issued this commission to inquire out the Malefactors , that they might be punished .

* * Pat. 46. H. 3 m. 19. dorso . Cum Rex ex parte Judaeorum Cant. gravem accepit querimoniam ; quod quidem malefactores et pacis Regis perturbatores , tam Clerici , quam Laici ejusdem civitatis nuper venerunt noctanter ad domos eorundem Judeorum in eadem villa , et ostia et fenestra eorundem domorum securibus exciderunt et fregerunt , et ad domus illas comburendas ignem ibidem detulerunt , & postmodum quo●dam ex Judeis praedictis enormiter verberaverunt , & maletractaverunt contra pacem Regis . Rex assignavit Walt. de Bersted ad inquirend ▪ per sacram : &c. qui transgressionem praedict. fecerunt : & quid per eandem inquisitionem invenerit regi in propria persona sua sine dilatione scire fac . ut ad insolentiam predict . malesactorum reprimendam et correctionem debitam de transgressionibus predict . faciendam de consilio suo faciat , quod super fuerit faciendum . Et mandat . est Vic. Kanc. &c.

The Justices of Assize this year proceeding notwithstanding a Prohibition from the Justices of the Jews to stay the proceedings in a suit for a Jews house in Colchester , which was recovered by his default , notwithstanding the Prohibition , thereupon there issued this writ of restitution for the Jew .

† † Claus. 46 H. 3. pars 2. m. 2. Pro Hanekino de Flem. et sosio suo Judaeis . Rex Vic. Essex salutem , Cum Willielmus de Ponte nuper Arraniavit per Breve nostrum quandam Assisam novae disseisinae coram Nich. de True et sociis suis Justic . nostris ultimo Itin. in Com. Essex , vers. Hanekun de Flemeg . et Ursellum Judeum de Colecester , de ten : in Colecester : ac per Iohannem de Weston , et Tho. de Pynkesden , Iustic . ad custod . Iud. assign . eidem Ursello sit inhibitum , ne alibi quam coram eis super aliquo respondere praesumeret ; per quod idem Ursell : coram praefato Nicho. et sociis suis Iustic . nostris comparere non audebat praefato Willielmo inde respondere . Cumque Assisa illa per defaltum praefati Urselli tunc capta fuisset , ac idem Willus . seisinam de tenem . predicto per ret . Assisae praedict. ●ecuperavit . Attendentes absentiam praefati Iudaei occasione Inhibitionis praedict. sibi factae ei non debere imputari ; tibi praecipimus , quod praefato Iudeo tenem . praedict. cum pertinentiis rehabere fac . tenendum absque destructione vel absque alienatione , aliqua inde facienda , vizt. usque in crastinum Epiphaniae Dom: prox : futur . ita quod tunc vel citra , per praedict. Mich. Johan . & Tho. quos Iustic . nostros ad hoc assignavimus , exhibeant in praemissis utraque parte Iusticiae complementum . Et tu ipse provideas , quod per judicium supradictum de tenemento illo nulla fiat alienatio seu domorum deterioratio , nec aliquo modo inde fiat destructio , per quod tenementum illus interim deteriorari contingat . T. apud Westm. 20 die Octob.

This year the King committed all the Jews to his son Edward , granting him the use of the Seales of his Exchequer , to seal his Writs , and a new Prison , as this Record informs us .

* * Claus . 46. H. 3. pars 1. m. 4. Rex Thesaur . et Baron . suis de Scac. salutem . Sciatis , quod concessimus Edwardo fil . nostro . cui Judaismum nostrum commissimus , quod Justic . sui ad custod . Judeorum assignat . habeant Sigillum Scac. nostri Judeorum penes se , & quod omnia brevia et mandata ad Iudaismum illum spectantia subsigillo Scac. nostri Judeorum mittant , ad sigilla nostra de cancellaria , vel de Scaccario nostro . Ita quod brevia et mandata praedict. ibi sine difficultate consignantur . Et mandamus Magistro I. de Chishal Cancellario Scac. nostri , quod brevia et mandata illa sine difficultate consignari fac . et attornatos ejusdem filii nostri omnes denar . inde provenient . percipere permittat ad opus ejusdem fil . nostri , Volumus etiam quod idem fil . noster habeat prisonam ad Judeos et alios distringendos et Justiciandos , prout secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri fieri debet et consue vit. Et ideo sic fieri faciatis . T. R. 12 die Iulii .

Mandatum est I. de Chishal . Cancellar Scac. reg. quod omnia brevia & mandata quae Justic . ad custod . Jud. assign . sibi mittant sub ▪ sigillo Scac. reg. Judeorum , sine difficultate consignari fac . Et attornatos Edwardi fil . reg. cui rex Iudaismum suum commisit ; et omnes denarios de praedictis brevibus et mandatis provenientes percipere permittat ad opus ejusdem fil . regis . T. ut supra .

This year the King issued out this Writ to extract quoddam feodum out of the Chests of the Iews of Malle * * Claus . 46. H. 3. pars 1. m. 19. dorso . a Iew of Canterbury , which the King granted to another , directed Cyropraph . Justiciariis & Iudeis Cant. & illum habeatis coram Justic . nostr. ad custod Iudeorum assign . at a set day , per unum ex vobis sub sigillis vestris , praedict Iusticiariis nostris liberand . ad faciend. inde praeceptum nostrum , Et habeas ibi hoc Breve . T. W. Bagod . apud Westm. 4 die Iun. There are 3 more the like Writs this year .

* * Cart. 46. H. 3 m. 4 De feodis Judeorum The King by his Charters this year granted sundry fees and annuities of several Iews by their assents ( specified in their Charters , in which several persons were obliged by their Charters to these Iews and their heirs ) unto Robert Walerand . Habend . & tenend. eidem Roberto , & haeredibus suis libere & quiete , integre & in pace , sine reclamatione nostri & haeredum nostrorum , & Iudeorum praedictorum in perpetuum , secundum tenorem praedict. Cartarum , &c. Dat. per manum nostram apud Westm. 2 die Febr.

King Henry in the 47 year of his reign confirmed Prince Edwards grant of the Iews ( to whom he formerly assigned them ) unto the Caturcensian Merchants ( to whome the Iews and Judaisme were morgaged for moneys advanced on them ) by this Patent .

* * Pat. 47. H. 3 m. 9. Rex universis ad quos , &c. salutem . Cum Edwardus noster dilectus Primogenitus , ex praecepto , assessu et voluntate nostra concesserit & tradiderit insolutum Petro Ceraudo & Willo Bernand . frarribus , pro seipsis , & eorum sociis civibus et Mercatoribus Caturcens . pro mutuo per Dom. Edwardum ab eisdem Mercatoribus habito & recepto London , pro negotiis ipsius Edwardi & regn . nostri gravibus & arduis , totum Iudaismum nostrum ipsius regni nostri cum Scac. ejusdem Iudaismi , et omnibus et singulis aliis proventibus et exitibus ceterisque ad idem Iudaismum spenctantibus . Habend . et tenend. a die confectionis instrumenti interdict . Edwardum et prefatos mercatores super dicto mutuo confecto usque ad quindenam sancti Iohis Baptistae . Anno Dom. 1265. Prout in instrumento praedicto Patente seu literis dicti Edwar. quod seu quas eidem Mercatores penes se habent plenius continetur . Nos praedict. concessionem et traditionem ratas habentes et gratas , eisdem praedict. mercatoribus pro nobis et haeredibus nostris inviolabiter concedimus , ac etiam in omnibus confirmamus . Promittentes nos praedict. concessionem et traditionem , prout in praenominato instrumento , seu literis sunt contentae , warrantizare , protegere , seu defendere contra omnes , pro nobis et heredibus nostris . In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras eisdem Mercatoribus fieri fecimus patentes . Dat apud London 11 die Iunii . An. r. n. 47. his Testibus Dom. Rico. rege Aleman . fratre nostro . Humfred . de Bohun . Com. Heresord et Essex , Tho. Basset Justic . nostr. Angl. Hugh le Bygod . Iohn Mansel Thes. Ebor. Rob. Waller , Ebulone de Montibus , Petro de Essevel , et aliis .

This year some Iews were indicted before the Justices itinerant , and imprisoned and outlawed for receiving stollen goods , as this Record informs us to stop the Utlawry .

* * Claus . 47. H. 3. m. 12. &c. Pro Ma●uel Judeis . Rex Vic. Sussex salutem . Cum Manuel de Maford et Jacob fil . Benedict . Iudei nuper indictati coram Iustic . nostris ultimo itinerantibus in com . tuo de receptamento latrocinium se reddiderunt ad prisonam nostram , parati inde secundum legem & consuetudinem regni nostri stare juri , & tibi preceptum fuit ab eisdem Iustic . nostris ipsos de Comitatu in comit . propter contumaciam suam exigi , & praeter modum utlagari . Tibi praecipimu● , quod ab utlagaria in ipsos promulgata desistas , & bona eorundem Iudeorum ad opus nostrum reservari , & salvo custodiri fac . donec aliud inde tibi praecipimus . Teste Rege apud Westm. 14 die Febr.

King Henry , Anno 48. made this Proclamation to prevent all violence against the Jews in Winton , and other places , and preserve them & theirs under his peace and protection , as well as his other subjects , threatning losse of life and Member to all such as should hurt or molest them , as this Patent manifests , committing them to the protection of 26 of the chief Citizens of Winchester by this Patent .

* † Pat. 48. H. 3. is . 11. Pro Judeis Winton . Rex Willo . Fromund ( and to 25 more there named ) Civibus suis Winton , salutem . Cum divina cooperante gratia , Pax in regno nostro ordinata sit , firmata , et ubique per ipsum regnum proclamata ; ac de consilio Baronum nostrorum provisum sit , et ex parte nostra , et ipsorum publice sit inhibitum , ne quis sub poena exhaeredationis et periculo vitae et membrorum super aliquem currat , nec homicidia vel incendia , de predationes vel roberias , seu alia hujusmodi faciat enormia , nec cuiquam damnum inferat contra pacem nostram . Cumque Judeos nostros Winton in nostram defensionem et protectionemspecialem suscepimus , una cnm familiis , rebus , et omnibus possessionibus suis , et ad tuitionem , et majotem securitatem eorum , vos de consilio Baronum nostrorum ad custodiam ipsorum Judeorum assignavimus . Vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes , quatenus per totam Civitatem praedict. ex parte nostra , et Baronum nostrorum praedict. publice proclamari , et firmiter inhiberi faciatis , ne quis sub periculo vitae et membrorum praedictis Judeis vel suis familiis in personis vel rebus suis inferat dampnum , molestiam vel gravamen . Et vos ipsi Judeos ipsos , familias suas , res , terras , et omnes possessiones eorum infra praedictam civitatem , et extra , quantum in vobis est manuteneatis , protegatis , et defendatis , talem ad hoc diligentiam apponentes , quod vos inde merito commendare possumus . Teste Rege apud St. Paulum , London 14 die Iunii .

The King by the like Letters Patents committed the Jews of Nothampton to 26 Burgesses of the Town , to be garded and protected by them , whose names are specified in the Patent , which recites : * † Pat. 48. H. 3. m. 12. Pro Iudeis Northamp . Cum propter turbationem nuper habitam in regno nostro , et maxime propter conflictum nuper habitum apud Northampt. Judei Northampt. ad cast . fugerunt , & ibidem pro timore moram hactenus fecerunt Castrum illud exire non audentes , de quo jacturam non modicam jam incurrimus , ac sedata turbatione praedicta , et inspirante gratia divina , pax inter Nos et Barones nostros ordinata sit ac firmata , ac in regno nostro publice proclamata ; propter quod de consilio nostro providimus , quod eidem Judei redeant in villam prxdict . ibidem moraturi , sicut prius morari consueverunt . Ac etiam ad tuitionem et majorem securitatem eorundem , vos ad custodiam eorum assignavimus . Vobis mandamus , quod Judeos illos , et omnes possessiones suas manuteneatis , &c. ( as in the former . ) Cyrographariis autem , et custodibus Archae Judeorum in villa praedicta cum opus fuerit consulentes sitis et auxiliantes ad ea facienda et exequenda quae ad officium suum pertinent in eadem villa , pro quo diligentiam vestram merito commendare debeamus . T. R. apud St. Paulum 2 die Iun.

The like Patents were sent Majori & Vicecomitibus London , * † Pat. 48. H. 3. m. 12. Pro Judeis London . reciting the publike peace proclaimed , as the first Patent doth , then adding . Cumque Iudeos nostros London , pro timore turbationis supradict. adhuc existentes apud Turrim nostram London , in nostram defensionem et protectionem suscipimus specialem , una cum familiis , rebus , et omnibus possessionibus eorundem , ac ipsis Judeis concessimus , quod ad domos suas infra Civitatem praedict. libere redire , & eas secure et absque aliquo impedimento inhabitare possint , sicut prius ante turbationem praedict. fieri consueverunt . Vobis de consilio Baronum praedict. mandamus firmiter injungentes , quatenus per totam civitatem praedict. ex parte nostra , et Baronum ipsorum publice proclamari et firmiter inhiberi faciatis , ne quis sub periculo vitae et membrorum praed. Judeis et familis suis in personis vel rebus eorum inferat dampnum , molestiam , vel gravamen . Vos autem eos de caetero infra Civitatem praed. ●quam extra quantum in vobis est , manuteneatis , protegatis , et defendatis , pro quo vos specialiter recommendare debeamus . T. R. apud St. Paulum London , 11 die Iunii .

The like Patents were granted to most other Towns where the Jews resided , who by reason of the late troubles fled into Castles to preserve their lives and goods from plunder during the civil wars between the King * * See Stowes Chron. p. 220. The first Demurrer . Edit. 2. p. 35. and Barons , wherein many of them were pillaged of all their estates , and some killed .

In the Fine Roll of 48 H. 3. I find sundry releases made by the King to diverse English men of the Fees and debts belonging unto Jews , running in this unusuall form .

* * Fines 48. H. 3. m. 1. See Fines 49. H. 3. m. 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10. Where are more presidents like this Rex Justic . ad custod . Judeorum assign . salutem . Sciatis Nos de gratia nostra speciali remisisse di●ilectis et fidelibus nostris Rogero Bertram ( and sundry others there named ) Ut nobis devotiores , et ad obsequium nostrum promptiores efficiantur , omnia feoda , in quibus ipsi aut eorum antecessor . teneb . quibuscunque Judeis nostris Angliae . Pardonavimus etiam prefatis R. &c. fidelibus nostris praedict. omnes usuras et poenas in quibus ipsi vel sui antecessores eisdem Iudeis per cartas suas teneantur . Ita videlicet quod in pecunia quam praedict. R. &c. a prefatis Judeis mutuo ceperunt , eisdem Judeis reddere teneantur , super qua quidem pecunia prefat. R. &c. sacramento suo coram vobis prestito , et aliorum fide dignorum ad hoc juratorum credantur . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod omnes Iudeos qui in regno nostr. existunt presentes , vel haetedes eorum qui mortui sunt , quibus iidem fideles nostri in aliquo debito tenebantur certis diebus et locis coram vobis venite , et omnes cartas , per quas omnibus Judeis Angliae tenebantur in aliquibus debitis vel feodis , ab Archis Cyrograph . Judeorum extrahi , et eisdem liberari , et ipsos de predict . feodis de poenis et usu●is quietos es●e , et sic fieri et irrotulari faciatis . Ita tamen , quod dict. pecunia sic a Iudeis praefat. mutuo accepta , praedicti R. &c. eisdem Iudeis ad rationabiles terminos , quos eis assignabitis satisfaciant , Ita quod dicta pecunia sic mutuata non usuret , et si praefa●i Judei , ve● aliqui ex ipsis fuerint mortui , ita quod catalla sua sunt nostra escaeta , tunc praedicti R. &c. nobis inde satisfaciant ad Scac. nostrum . T. R. apud Westm. 28 die Octob. The like I find to this in Fines 49 H. 3. m. 6

Anno 49 H. 3. 〈◊〉 meet with this Record about a Charter supposed to be forged by a Jew .

* * Claus . 49. H. 3. m. 4. De quibusdam Judeis habendis coram Iust . ad Custod . Iud: ●ssign . Rex Majori Northam : salutem . Cum ad suggestionem tuam . Johannem fil : Eustach . &c. Isaac de Burd , &c. Iudeos pro quadam carta falsa confecta per te arrestari , et salvum custodiri praecipimus , et Th ▪ de Brampton , &c. manuceperunt coram nobis , ad habendum praefat. Johan . &c. coram Iustic : nostris ad custod : Iud assignat . a die &c. ad standum recto si quis versus eos inde lonqui voluerit . Tibi praecipimus , quod praefat. Iudeos in propria persona tua habeas coram praefat. Justi● . die praedict. ad standum recto de crimine supradicto . Et hoc sicut te et omnia tua diligis , nullatenus omittas , et habeas ibi cartam praedictam , et hoc Breve . T. R. apud Hereford , 12 die Maii. There is the like writ for others in the same case .

The same year this writ issued to seise all the Jews and Judaism into the Kings hand , formerly granted to Pr. Edward , because he had joyned with some Rebels against the King , allowing some , displacing other of his Officers , and commanding them not to obey the Prince .

* * Cla●s . 49 H. 3. m. 4. De Judaisme capiend . in manum Regis . Rex Thesaur . et Camer ariis suis salutem . Quia Edwardus fil . ● . cui Judaismum nostrum sicut nostis , ad tempus commissimus , nostro prorsus ac Magnatum et fidelium nostrorum spreto consilio , subito et ex inopinato jam recessit ad quosdam rebelles nostros se transferendo , qui nos gravare , et pacem Regni nostri perturbare proponunt , dictum Iudaismū capimus in manum nostram . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod assumpto vobiscum Magistro Thom. de Cantelupo Cancellario nostro si adhuc Londini existat , Tallagium nuper assessum super Iudaismum predict . per Tho. de Irpergue ad hoc assignat . per praedict. fil . nostr. videri , et illud ad opus nostrum colligi , et salvo custodiri fac . donec aliud inde praeciperimus . Adam vero de Winton socium Roberti de Crep : ab officio suo amoveatis , et loco ejus Will . de Hachelbeche substituatis . Ita , quod idem Willielmus et Robertus officio Iusticiariae Iudeorum amodo intendant , donec aliter inde duxerimus ordinand . et eisdem Iustic . firmiter injungatis ex parte nostra , ne praefato fil . nostro , vel suis , in aliquo intendant , et quod ab omnibus Iudeis Angliae hoc idem scire faciant . Et hoc non omittatis . T. R. apud Hereford ; 30 die Maii.

In the Fine rolls of Ann. 49. The King pardons Rich: de la Hyde his debts , &c. whose lands and tenements were not sufficient to satisfie the Debts for which they were obliged to sundry Jews there named .

* * Fines 49 H. 3. m. 1. Omnia debita , usuras , poenas et feoda , in quibus tenetur Iudeis praedictis in aliquibus debitis , usuris , poenis vel feodis ab Archis Cyrograph : Iudeorum extrahi , et praef. Rico. liberari , et ipsum de predict . debitis , usuris , poenis et feodis quietum esse , et sic fieri et irrot . faciant . T. R. apud Hereford 19. die Iunii . Per Regem et Justic .

The like to this and the former in Fines 48. I find frequent in this * * Fines 49 H. 3 m. 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10. Fine roll : to above 20 other several persons , after the battel of Lewes therein specified .

In 50 H. 3. * * Claus. 50 H. 3. m. 1. Mandatum est Th. Bacun , quod rotulos et brevia Iudaismum tangentia , quae sunt in custodia sua , liberet Iustic . ad custod . Iudeor . assign . custodiend . quamdiu Rex aliud inde praeceperit .

This year the King writing to Hagi●o a Jew of London , to deliver monyes of the Merchants of Flanders there arrested and left in his Custody , * * Claus. 50 H. 3. m. 2. begins thus . Rex Hagino fil . Mossei Iudeo London , statum vitae melioris , Cum per literas nostras , &c.

The same year the King granted to Aaron le Blund , † † Ibidem , Pro Aaron le Blund Judeo . a Jew , liberty to sue for his debts , which he formerly pardoned his debtors , Non obstante pardonatione nostra de debitis dicti Rogeri praefato Judaeo facto .

The Jews sustaining much loss by the Barons and Kings enemies , I find this recitall thereof by the King , who granted them other Jews debts for their relief , as this and other presidents manifest .

† † Claus. 52 ▪ 3. m. 5. Pro Hagio fil . Mossei Judeo . Rex Iustic . suis ad custod , &c. Soiatis quod pro dampnis et jacturis quae Haginus fil . Mossei Iudeus London , pro nobis sustinuit in turbatione habita in regno nostro , Nos in auxilium relevationis suae status , dedimus ei 50 lib. in quibus Willielmus de Dyve defunctus per cartam suam tenebatur Jacobo fil . Ladonis Iudeo London , nuper defuncto , cujus debita et catalla devenerunt ad manum nostram ratione mortis ejusdem . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod praedict 50 lib. secundum consuetud . Judaismi nostri leuari , et eidem Hagino , una cum carta supradicta liberari faciatis de dono nostri . T. R. apud Westm. 1 die April . The like grant of another Jews debt upon the same account , was this year made to Elyas , sonne of Mosse a Jew , to be allowed in his Tallages and other debts to the King .

Ibid. m. 10. The King pardons Peter de Novel and Andrew de Winton the debts they owed to Jews .

The Iews in London both before and after the battel of Lewes , being spoiled of their houses and goods there during the Civil wars , by the Kings Enemies and the Barons then in arms against them ; he thereupon in the 50 year of his reign , enabled them to sue for , and recover their goods and houses again , ( except such as himself had sold and disposed of ) and restored them to the self-same condition they were in before the battle of Lewes , by this ensuing writ and grant .

* * Claus. 50 H. 3. m. 10. Pro Judeis Angliae de statu suo recuperando . Rex Hugoni filio Ottonis Custodi Civitatis suae , London , salutem . Cum pro variis dampnis et inju●is Iudeis nostris Angliae in turbatione regni nostri ab Inimicis nostris illatis , de Consilio Magnatum nostrorum qui sunt de Consilio nostro , Concessimus omnibus et singulis Iudeis praedictis , quod ipsi quoad bona et possessiones suas recuperanda sint in eodem statu quo fuerunt die conflictus de Lewes ; ac quidem inimici nostri in turbatione in Regno nostro habita domos Iudaeorum nostrorum London in eadem Civitate tàm ante bellum praedictum quàm post occupaverint : Ac etiam quidam deorum praedictorum pro timore turbationis praedictae domos suas in eadem Civitate reliquerunt , et ad alias partes se transtulerunt : Nos eisdem fudaeis gratiam uberi●rem facere volentes , concessimus et reddidimus singulis Iudaeis nostris London , omnes domos suas praedictas ante bellum praedictum , et post bellum illud occasione turbationis praedictae occupatas & detentas ; exceptis Domibus quorundam Judaeorum praedictorum London , quas in eadem Civitate quibuscunque prius concessimus . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod praefatis Iudaeis de Domibus suis praedictis in quorumcunque , manibus exist●nt , plenam seis●nam habere facias , sicut praedictum est . T. R. apud Westm. 14 dii Novembris .

In the * * Patents 50 H. 3. m. 6 , 8 , 20 , 25 , 31 , 34. 41. Patent Rolls of this year , the King grants the Houses and Debts of several Jews escheated to him by their deaths or othewise , to several Jews , impoverished dampnis et gravaminibus sibi ad inimicis nostris illatis tempore turbationis habita in regno nostro , &c. volens eis gratiam facere specialem .

Besides , upon this account I find this general Patent and Proclamation of protection for the Jewes of London .

* * Pat. 50 H. 3. m. 21. Pro Judeis London . Rex Rich. de Ceual ( and 45 more there named ) civibus London salutem . Quia Iudei nostri London tempore turbationis in regno nostro jacturas quamplurimas et enormia sustinuerunt , nos dispendiis et ●acturis eorum compatientes ipsos , terras , res , domos , redditus , et omnes eorum possessiones , in defensionem et protectionem nostram suscepimus● specialem . Nos ad eorum Majorem tuitionem et securitatem custodiam et protectionem vos assignantes . Et ideo vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes quatenus per totam civitatem praedict. London publice proclamari fac . ne quis sub periculo vitae et membrorum praedict. Iudaeis in personis vel rebus suis dampnum inferat molestiam aut gravamen , et vos ipsi Iudeos illos , familias suas , terras , vel redditus ▪ domos , et omnes possessiones suas , et eorum bona infra civitatem 〈◊〉 et extra quantum in vobis est man●teneatis ▪ protegatis et defendatis , non inferentes , &c. ( as in the former ) Et si quid &c. talem diligentiam apponentes ut vobis , &c. donatur per vicecomitem T. R.

Consimiles literae habent Iudei Cantebr . Ballivis et probis hominibus Cant. directae durant , ut supra .

* * Pat. 50. H. 3. m. 38. This year the King granted the custody of the Iews Rolls , and a salary for it by this patent .

† † Pat. 50. H. 3. m. 21. De Rotulis et Brevibus Iudaismi commissis . Rex omnibus , &c. Sciatis quod commissimus dilecto Clerico nostro Tho. Wabrun . rotulos et brevia nostra Iudaismi nostri custodiend . quamdiu nobis placuerit , ita quod capiat per annum ad Scac. nostr. 10 lib. vid. 100 s. ab Scac. nostr. St. Michis . et 100s . ad Scac. nostr. Pasche ad se sustentandum in officio praedicto quamdiu frerit in eodem .

The same year the King by * * Pat. 50. H. 3. m. 34. 33. 38 , 41 , 42 , 44. Patent granted leave to sundry Jews , presently to sue for , and levy their debts upon their Creditors , and distrain them for them , and likewise that he will not release , pardon nor respite the debts due to them from sundry particular persons expressed in the Patents , in form like those already cited elsewhere .

Yea I find this Writ for electing a new Cyrographer in the place of one that was dead , issued this year .

† † Pat. 50. H. 3. m. 46. Rex Constab . castri Winton et Ballivis ejusdem villae , sa●utem . Quia Petrus Westman Christianus unus Cyrogr. Arch. Iud. Winton diem clausit extremum , ut rex accepit . Vobis mandamus , quod per Sacramentum 12. tam Christianorum quam Iudeorum villae praedict. eligi fac . loco praedict. Pet. unum alium Coffrarium , qui praestito sacramento sicut moris est . officio illo de caetero intendat , et nomen ejus Regi scire fac . T. R. apud Cant. 26 die Oct.

And this recital of the Kings grant of his Iudaisme to the Prince , and a confirmation of his grant to a Jew .

† † Pat. 50. H. 3. m 42. Pro Hagino Judeo London . Rex omnibus , &c. Sciatis quod cum dudum commiss●rimus dilect . primog . nostro Judaismum nostrum Angliae , habendum ad certum terminum ▪ cum omnibus ad Judaismum illum pertinentibus ; item quod idem fil . noster omnia inde medio tempore illo perciperet Judeorum , tam ratione mortis Iudeorum , aliunde quam eodem modo-quo nos percipere debuissemus , si Iudaismum praedict , in manu nostra ●e●uissemus , et dictus fil . noster tertiam partem omnium catal , et debitorum quae fuerunt Deulecres filius Aaron qui tunc in fata concess●● , ad ipsum filium nostr. ratione mortis e●usdem Deulecres , sicut moris est in Iudaismo pertinentem occasione ●os●rae concessionis antedict . dederit et concesserit Hagio fil . Mosse Iudeo London , una cum custodia catal . et debitorum pertinent . ad pueros & haeredes ejusdem Deulacres de catallis et debitis supradictis . Nos praedict. donationem & concessionem ratam habemus & acceptam . Volentes etiam eidem Hagino gratiam facere specialem , concedimus eidem quod de debitis 〈◊〉 extentam ; vel etiam prorogationem seu quietantiam , aliquam vel donum nou faciemus infra quinquen●ium a tempore confect . presentium . In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Westm. 26 die Novemb.

In 51 H. 3. I find this grant to divers plundered Jews of Lincoln , and other parts to recover their pawns which they could prove though their Charters were lost or not extant on Record .

Pat. 51. H. 3. m. 10. Pro diversis Iudeis . Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis custodibus pacis in Com. Linc. North. Ebor. & Vic. eorundem Com. et Vic. Norf. Suff. et Rutland , et omnibus Ballivis et fidelibus nostris quos , &c. salutem . Volentes Manfro ( and to sundry other Iews there named ) Iudeis Linc. et aliis Iudeis nostris ejusdem Civit. pro dampniset gravaminibus eis ab inimicis nostris illatis in insultu habito apud Linc : nec non et in turbatione regni nostri gratiam facere ad praesens . Concessimus quod Vadia sua nominata in Cyrogr. inter ipsos et debit . suos confect . de debitis quae sibi rationabiliter monstrari poterint , in quorumcunque manibus existent vadia illa in manus suas secundum legem et consuetudinem Iudaismi nostri seisientur , donec debita illa levantur et persolventur eisdem sicut praedict. est ; nisi debitores illi rationabiliter monstrare poterint , quod de debitis illis debent esse quieti . In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Windsore .

* * Pat. 51. H. 3. m. 30. The like Patent he made to Aaron the son of Lion le Blund a Jew of London this year upon the same grounds , being plundered by the King enemies in London and elsewhere .

* * Pat. 52. H. 3. m. 6. P●o Hag●o fil . Magistri Mossei Judeo London . In 52 H. 3. the King confirmed the grant of S●m. a Jew of York to Hagino a Jew of London , of certain houses in York , and grants to him further : pro nobis et haeredibus nostris sibi et haeredibus suis , quod supra domos praedict. nulla fiat districtio pro aliquibus debitis in quibus Aaron ( the father of Samuel ) nobis tenebatur die quo in fata concessit . T. R. 30 die Aug. He likewise * * Pat. 52. H. 3. m. 13 , 16 ▪ 30 ▪ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 36. ratified the grant of a Jew of Wilton of a debt due to him to Tho. de Irpeign , with the grants of several houses in Winton by sundry Christians and Jews to Benedict a Jew of Winton , Pardons a fee to a Jew , and grants some Jews that had suffered for him leave to levy their debts on their debtors lands .

There is likewise * * Pat. 52. H. 3. m. 26. mention of what moneys were delivered into the Kings Wardrobe this year out of the profits of his Judaisme , and an acquittance thereof to his Iustices .

This year the † † Pat. 52. H. 3. m. 34. King granted to Hagino fil . Mossei and some other Jews , † † ● that they should be exempted & quieti de omnibus auxiliis et Tallagiis super ipsis assidendis , et de quibuscunque debitis in quibus nobis t●nentur , from the feast of St. Andrew usque in terminum proximo sequent . T. R. apud Clarendo● 27 die Novemb.

† † Claus . 52. H. 3. m. 4. In the Clause Rolls this year I find fines made by the Jews to the King , to enjoy the goods and debt ▪ of other Iews ; † † Ibid. m. 6. Prohibition● to the Iustices i●inerant no● to suffer any Iews to be vexed or prosecuted before them ; cum sicut nostis Iudei Angliae , coram aliquibus . Iustic . nostr. de aliquibus Judaismum nostr. tang●●●ibus non deb●ant placitare vel respondere , nisi coram Iustic . nostri● ad custod . Iud. assignatis . A grant to some Iews not to pardon , acquit prorogue , or ●extend their debts for 5 years , with a confirmation thereof , and repeal of all subsequent grants to the contrary . * * Ibidem 10. And a Grant of one Jews debt to another , and power to levy it , notwithstanding any former pardons and releases thereof .

In the Plea Rolls of Hilary Term , Anno 52 H. 3. in the Treasury of the Exchequer , theie are several Legal suits and proceedings before the Justices of the Jews in the Exchequer , some whereof I shall transcribe .

† † Placita Hilarii Anno 52 ▪ H. 3. rot 5. Decanus et Capitulus Linc. per suum attornatum opt . se 4 die versus Mosseum de Warwic . de Placito , quod injustè ab eis exigit debitum per quandam cartam falsam , et contra Assisam Iudaismi confectam , ut dicunt ; et ipse non venit . Et praeceptum fuit Constabulario , quod ipsum attachiari faciat , ita quod haberet corpus ejus coram Justiciariis , &c. Upon which the Constable returned , Quod dictus Mosseus Non est inventus , &c. Et similiter praeceptum est Vicecomiti Linc. quod attachiari faciat , & ● .

In this Roll there are divers Actions against Jews , De placito acquietationis debiti , &c. to discharge them of Debts , and to deliver up their Charters , Pawnes and Morgages , pretended to be discharged , released , pardoned , or satisfied .

* * Ibid. rot. 6. In dorfo . Done de Walingford petit versus Henricum Cobbe , custodem haeredis et terrarum Nicholai Cuppins medietatem unius Messuagii in parochia Sancti Petri in Winton , quae quondam fuit Dyay viri sui ; unde ipse Dyay vir ipsius ipsam secundum Legem et consuetudinem Iudaismi ▪ dotavit , &c.

In the 7th Roll there is a Confirmation of the Kings of certain Debts and Annuities assigned by Hagino Son of Moses , Ibid. rot. 7. a Jew , to Adam of Stratton , and this ensuing Writ to the Sheriff of Essex and elswhere , to discharge one Peter Fitz-Roger of all Debts due to the Jews , after proclamation made in the Schools and Synagogues of the Iews two or three Sabbaths , and not suing for them within a prefixed time , after such Proclamations returned .

Praeceptum fuit Vicecomiti Essex , quod clamari faciat per Scolas Judeorum Colecester , per duo vel tria Sabbata , si aliquis Judeus vel Judea aliquod Debitum exigere poterit de Rogero filio Petri , filii Gilberti , de debito suo proprio , vel , &c. tunc essent ad compotum . Et Vicecomiti mandatur tam Litera Latina quam Hebraica , quod nullus Judeus vel Judea aliquod Debitum exiget de predicto Rogero , &c. Eodem modo praeceptum fuit Constabulario Castri Norwic. and others , by writs both in Latin and Hebrew ; and the certificate returned upon these writs was made both in Latine and Hebrew ; The usual form in that age in such cases .

In like manner , Praeceptum fuit Constabulario Turris London , quod clamari faciat per Scolas Judaeorum London , per duo vel tria Sabbata , si aliquis Iudeus vel Iudea aliquod Debitum exigere poterit , &c. that then they should come in ad computandum , &c. and the returns of them are in Hebrew and Latin .

In the same Roll there is a recital of a Charter made by the King , dilecto fratri et fideli nostro Willielmo de Valence , et haeredibus vel assignatis , of an Annuity of 50 marks yearly , wherein Peter Fitz Matthew was bound to Aaron ben Abraham a Iew of London , usque in finem saeculi , ( the usual form of the Iews charters , in cases of fee simple ) which Annuity the Iew had given to the King . In the end of the Charter the King warrants the gift , Secundam Assisam Iudaismi .

In the dorse of the same * * Ibid. rot. 7. in dorso . Roll , there is a Confirmation by the King of an Assignment of Annuities & Debts , to William Charls , by Sampson Son of le Mestre a Jew ; and a Writ Iusticiariis ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis , to inroll the Patent , dated ad Clarendon : with divers other writs of that nature .

In the 8 Roll * of the Pleas that year , there is this writ to the Sheriff .

* * Ibidem Rot. 8. Henricus Dei gratia , &c. Vicecomiti Essex salutem . Constat Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis per inspectionem Rotulorum de Scaccario nostro , scilicet , quod Aaron filius Duessad vendidit et demisit dilecto et fideli nostro G. de Clare , Com. Glouc. et Hereford , unum debitum de 20 l. de feodo , sub nomine Willielmi de Bernham , et Magistri Elye Iudei , together with other Debts , &c. Et quod praedictus Aaron habuit seisinam per praeceptum nostrum de terris & tenementis quae fuerunt praedictorum Willielmi et Roberti ( another of the Debtors ) in Borham , pro debitis praedictis , quam quidam seisinam praefatus Comes habuit per praeceptum nostrum , occasione venditionis praedictae de terris et tenementis praedictis . Ac postmodum Iohanna quae fuit uxor Will . de Berneham , et Iohannes Anger in Curia nostra coram Nobis recuperaverunt seisinam de praedictis terris & tenementis per Judicium Curiae nostrae praedictae . Et quia eadem seisina sic prefatis Iohannae et Iohanni adjudicata , &c. nihil debet praejudicare predicto Comiti , quin secundum Assisam et Consuetudinem Judaismi nostri habeat talem seisinam de terris et tenetis praedictis qualem prius habuit occasione dictorum debitorum ut predictum est , Tibi praecipimus quod seisinam quam praefatus Comes prius habuit de terris et tenementis predictis , eidem rehabere facias , &c.

In the same Roll there is this Inquisition made upon the Murder of a Jew slain at Oxford .

* * Ibidem rot. 8. Praeceptum fuit Constabulario Castri Oxoniae et Cyrographo Christiano et Judeo Archae Cyrograph ▪ ejusdem ; quod per Sacramentum 12 Iudeorum inquirant , quae bona et catalla Iacobus Baseni de Oxon : Judeus Oxon interfectus , habuit die quo interfectus fuit . Eodem modo preceptum est Ballivis Oxon : quod per Sacramentum 12 Christianorum inquirant quae catalla dictus Iacobus habuit die quo interfectus fuit , &c.

Which will well explain the Articles in the ancient Eyres , and the manner of Inquiry and proceedings thereon , * * 〈◊〉 Tottles 〈◊〉 Charta 〈◊〉 ▪ and 〈◊〉 ●art 〈…〉 , Edit. 2. 〈◊〉 ●6 . De catallis Iudaeorum occisorum , &c.

In the Plea Rolls of the same year and Term there is this record , manifesting , that all Debts and Stars of converted Jews belonged to the King .

* * Placita Hill . An. 52. H. 3. rot 9. Iospin fil . Solomon de Merlebridge shews to the Court that Iocette his Sister was married to Salom filius Lumbard . of Kirkland : Et quod ipsa habuit in Archa Cyrogr. Merlebridge , unum Cyrographum de 32 marcis sub nomine suo et Hugonis Lovel Rectoris Ecclesiae de Rudburn ; that Iocette became a convert Christian , and then did Solomon alter the Deed in his own name ; Quae quidem Carta fuit Domini Regis , per conversionem praedictae Jocettae , et quod hoc totum sit verum , obligat omnia bona &c. ( out of spight to his Sister for that she was turned Christian to make her forfeit this debt ) Et preceptum est Vicecomiti , quod venire faciat praedictum Hugonem et Cyrographum Christianum Archae Cyrographorum Merlebrige , et 6. Christianos de Merlebrig &c. Et postea ipse Iospinus non est prosecutus . Ideo omnia catalla dicti Iospini capiantur in manum Domini Regis , prout ipse obligavit , &c. A just requital of his malice .

* * Ibidem . m. 9. Praeceptum fuit Cyrograph . Christianis et Iudaeis Archae Cyrogr. Norwic. quod ad Archam accedant , &c. and there take out 20 l : Debt . for Edward the Prince due unto him , &c.

* * Ibidem dors. Praeceptum est Cyrograph : Christian . & Judeis Archae Cyrogr. Norwic. quod ad Archam praedictam accedant , and there take out all the Charters , Pawns , and Rolls belonging to Abraham a few of Norwich for the Kings use , because he had not paid his Tallage of ten pounds to the King .

Rot. 10 , 11 , and 12. of the Pleas of Hil. 52 H. 3. consist for the most part of Sta●rs of the Jews : some whereof are assignments of Debts , and Sales of Annuities by Jews to Adam de Stratton , Simon de Zouch , and other Christians , ratified by the Kings confirmation : Others of them , releases of Debts by way of Acquittance . These Stars usually began thus : Solomon de London Judaeus , cegnovit per Starrum suum , &c.

In the 53 year of King Henry the 3. a certain Jew abetted by the other Jews , in high contempt of Christ crucified , in the solemn Procession at Oxford on Ascention day , threw down and brake in peeces the Crosse that was carried before the University in Procession , and then fled . Wherupon by the Kings special command all the in Oxford were apprehended , and their goods secured , till they out of their own goods and chattels erected a new standing beautifull high Crosse , adorned with guilt Pictures of Christ and our Lady , in the place where this wickednesse was perpetrated , and made another rich portable silver guilded Crosse , to be carried before the University of the Masters and Scholars of Oxford in their Processions , which were to be made by a time prefixed , for the publike manifestation of the honour of God in this behalf , as these ▪ Records at large inform us , though not mentioned by any of our Historians .

* * Claus . 53. H. 3. m. 12. De duabus Crucibus de bonis et Catallis Judeorum Oxon. faciendis . Rex Vic. Oxon. salutem . Cum Judaei nostri Oxon. nobis adhuc non responderint de corpore illius Judei qui in vituperium crucifixi Crucem in solempni processione die Ascentionis Domini prostravit et fregit , per quod tibi pluries praecipimus , quod omnes Judeos praedictos si ne dilatione caperes , et salvo custodires , et quod non permitteres eos aliquam administrationem habere de bonis et catallis eorum donec sufficientem tibi prestarent securitatem , quod sumptibus suis quandam Crucem marmoream pulchram et altam , bene et decenter incisam et pollitam cum imagine crucifixi in capite ex parte una , et cum Imagine beatae Virginis cum filio suo ex parte altera , convenienter sitis , et auro depictis , una cum causa predicta manifeste superscripta , in loco ubi scelus praedictum extitit perpetratum . Et quandam aliam Cru●em portatilem argenteam bene et subtiliter et decenter fabricatam , et deauratam , cum hasta sine baculo , ejusdem magnitudinls cum crucibus honorificis quas Archiepiscopi coram se faciunt deportari , deferend . ante Universitatem Magistrorum et Scolarium Oxon. deferenda in processionibus suis facerent , Et quod provid . quod pecunia ad praemissa facienda , cito levaretur , et quod omnia praemissa cum omni festinatione qua fieri posset expleres , et praedict. Crucem portatilem Procuratoribus Universitatis praedictae ●●s●odiendam liberares ; ita quod praemissa fierent citra festum sancti Edwardi ▪ quod erit in vigilia epiphan . Dom. proximo futur . Ac tu quosdam de Judeis praedict. juxta mandatum nostrum praedict. ceperis , qui ante captionem suam bona et catalla sua diversis hominibus Civitatis praedictae liberaverunt , per quod tu mandatum nostrum praedict. minus plene exequi potes Nos volentes ▪ quod praemissa modis omnibus fiant in forma praedicta , tibi praecipimus , quod assumptis tecum Majore villae praedict. et Coffrariis Judeorum nostrorum ejusdem villae in praesentia proborum et legalium hominum de villa praedicta per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit , diligenter inquiras ad quorum manus bona et catalla praedictorum Judeorum devenerunt , et qui ea tenent , et de bonis et catallis praedictis in quorumcunque manibus existant omnia praemissa fieri facias per visum et testimonium hominum praedictorum , prout melius et citius videris expedire , et si necesse fuerit , bona et catalla praed. ad hoc vendas , et taliter te habeas in hoc mandato nostr. exequendo , quod id quod ad honorem Dei intendimus , in hac parte manifestetur publice per effectum , et quod praemissa fiant sine mora , T. R. apud Winton , 27 die December .

The money hereupon being levied on the Jews to make these Crosses , and the King being informed that the marble Crosse could not be erected in the place prescribed , without damage and prejudice to some Burgesses of Oxford , whereupon they purposed to erect it just over against the Jews Synagogue there . The King and his Counsel conceiving that place inconvenient , ordered it to be set up within the place of Merton Colledge near the Church ▪ and the other portable Cross to be delivered to the Schollars thereof , to be kept in their said house , by this Writ .

* * Claus . 53. H. 3. m. 10. De Cruce marmorea erigend . in placia Scholar . De Merton . Oxon. de quadam cruce portatili eisdem liberand . in domo sua . Rex Vic. Majori Ballivis & Coffrariis suis Oxon. salutem . Cum Judei nostri Oxon. quandam Crucem quae in solempni processione die Ascentiones Dom. per villam nostram Oxon. deferebatur , in vituperium crucifixi prostraverint ec fregerint , per quod vobis alias praecipimus , quod sumptibus Judeorum praedict. fac . quandam Crucem marmoream pulchram et altam , bene incisam et politam cum imagine Crucifixi in capite ex parte una , et cum Imagine beatae Virginis cum filio suo ex parre altero convenienter sitis , et auro depictis . una cum causa praedicta manifeste superscripta , in loco ubi scelus praedictum extitit perpetratum , et quandam aliam Crucem portatilem argenteam bene subtiliter et decenter fabricatam et deauratam , cum hasta sine baculo , ejusdem magnitudinis quam habent Cruces quas Archiepiscopi faciunt coram se deportari , ante Universitatem Magistrorum et Scolarium Oxon. deferendam in Processionibus suis . Et postmodum intellexerimus , quod Crux praedicta marmorea in placea ubi scelus praedictum extitit perpetrarum sine dampno et nocumento quorundam . Burgensium ejusdem villae erigi non posset , per quod vobis alias praecepimus , quod Crucem praedictam in alia placea , ubi sine dampno et nocumento ejusdem villae fieri possit , erigi face●etis , quod ex opposito Synagogae Iud. ejusdem villae facere provid . ut accepimus nos perpendientes , quod hoc indecens et inhonest . esset ▪ de confilio Edwardi primogeniti nostri , et aliorum fidelium nostrorum , qui sunt de concilio nostro , volumus , quod praedicta Crux marmorea erigatur in placea Scholarium de Merton , juxta Ecclesiam suam St. Joh. Baptistae in villa praed. Et ideo vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes , quod Crucem praedictam marmoream modo praedicto factam in placea praedictorum Scholarium erigi , Et praedictam Crucem portatilem praedictis Scholaribus liberari faciatis , custodiend . in domo sua ibidem ; Ita quod eam deferri facian● an in solempni Processione coram Magistris et Scolaribus praedictis sicut praedictum est . Et hoc nullatenus omittatis . T. R. apud Westm. 3 die Febr.

I have transcribed these two Records at large , for these reasons : 1. Because they are not remembred by any of our Chronicles . 2ly . Because they fully manifest the bold and desperate enmity of the Jews in that age against our crucified Saviour , in throwing down and breaking his Image , and representation of his passion and Crosse , even in the solemn Procession of all the University and Scholars of Oxford on Ascention day . A very bold attempt in that Popish age , which might have endangered all their lives . 3ly . Because they evidence the Kings and his Councils zeal to punish this their malicious wickednesse , and to perpetuate the memory of it to all posterity , at the Jews own costs , by the making of these two Crosses , on which their wickednesse was to be ingraven in marble , that it might be had in perpetual memory . 4ly . Because it discovers the malice of the Jews in hiding their goods , and conveying them to others hands , to prevent the making and erecting of these Crosses . 5ly . Because they make mention of the Jews Synagogue at Oxf. by name , which no other Records remember . 6ly . Because they fully discover the form of the Popish Crosses and Crucifixes used in that age , which though made at the Jews cost , yet they held it both undecent and dishonest to erect the standing Crosse ove● against the Jews Synagogue , who were such inveterate enemies to Christs Crosse and passion . 7ly . Because they make much for the Honor and Antiquity of the University of Oxford my Nursing Mother , and Step-Mother to though superiours unjust commands .

This year the King for the fine of 1000 pound per annum paid to him by the Commonalty of the Iews , granted them this exemption from Taxes for 3 years .

* * Claus. 53 H. 3. pars 1. m. 6. De fine facto per Judeis Angliae . Pat. 53 H. 3. m. 12. Rex Thes. et Baron . suis de Scac. et Justic . suis ad custod : Iudeorum assign . salutem . Sciatis , quod per finem mille librarum quam Communitas Judeorum nostrorum Angliae nobiscum fecit , concessimus eisdem Judeis , quod a tempore confectionis praesentium per triennium sequens respectum habeant de Tallagio super ipsos assidendo , nisi nos , aut filii nostri juxta votum nostrum interim proficiscuntur ad terram Sanctam , ad quod necesse habeamus super communitatem predict . Tallagium assidendi . Ita quod de fine predict . reddant Nobis die Martis prox . post octabis Sanctae Trin. 500 marcas , et in festo Nativ . prox : 500 marc . & in festo Sancti Michaelis prox . sequenti residuas 500 marc . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod concessionem predict . in forma predict . coram vobis irrotulari , et pecuniam predict . ad terminos illos de Communitate predicta ad opus nostrum levari fac . Et quia pauperes Judei commun . predict . ratione finis praedicti ultra quam facultates suae suppetant nimis exonerari possint , nisi finis ille circumspecte et fideliter super eos assideatur , vobis mandamus quod divitibus ▪ Iudeis nostris in contributione facienda ad finem predict . non parcatur , et quod panperes Iudei ultra facultates suas non graventur . T. R. apud Winds . 26 die Maii. Yet notwithstanding at the same time he granted this writ to search their Chests and Charters .

* * Claus. 53 H. 3. pars 1. m. 6. Rex dilectis et fideli suis Iohan. de Westm . et Waltero de Croce assignatis ad Archas Iudeorum Angl : scrutandas salutem . Sciatis ▪ &c. ( relating the agreement and fine aforesaid . ) Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod omnia debita in Cartis , et aliis munimentis infra Archas predict . contenta irrotulari faciatis , prout vobis injunximus viva voce . Et cum praemissa feceritis Coffrariis Archarum predict . Archas illas liberetis cariandas et reponendas locis quibus prius repositae extiterunt . Ita quod tam Christiani quam Iudei Archarum illarum administrationem habeant , sicut alias habere consueverunt . T. R. ut supra .

This year the King called the Iustices of the Jews to give an account of the profits of his Judaism , as this record informs us .

* * Claus . 53. H. pars 1. m. 13. De Compot . Justic . ad Custod . Jud. assign . audiendo . Rex Thes. et Baron . suis de Scac. salutem . Mandamus vobis , quod ad certum diem quam duxeritis assignand . audiatis compotum Iustic . nostr. ad custod Iudeorum assignat . de exitibus ejusdem Iudaismi , à tempore quo dictis Iustic . cust . ejusdem Iudaismi commissimus custodiend usque ad festum Sancti Martini , an . reg. n. 53. Et cum compotum predict . vobis reddiderint sicut predict : est , nobis significatis qualiter nobis responderint , et in quibus finibus stetit compotus eorundem . Mandavimus enim eisdem Iustic . quod ad diem quem eis sciri fac . coram vobis accedant cum Rotulis , Talliis , et aliis compotum suum contingentibus , ad compotum suum predict . reddendum in forma praedict. T. R. apud West . 8 die Nov. Per Regem et totum Consilium .

Et mandatum est prefatis Iusticiariis , quod coram prefat. Iusticiariis accedant in forma predicta . Per Regem et totum Concilium .

This year the Jews without license stragling abroad and setling themselves in divers places where they had no chest , nor former residence , whereby they did many mischiefs , and seduced and dishinherited many , thereupon the King issued this writ to reduce them , and rectifie these abuses .

* * Claus . 53. H. 3 pars 1. m. 8. dorso . Rex Vic. Oxon et Berks salutem . Quia pro certo intelleximus , quod per Judeos in diversis regni nostri partibus extra Civitates , Burgos et Villas , ubi nulla ▪ est Communitas Iudeorum , nec Cyrograph . Archa , sparsim habitantes in contumeliam redemptionis nostri , et periculum animarum , necnon et multorum exhaeredationem malificia plurima committuntur . Nos hujusmodi periculis ne ulterius invalescerent volentes salubriter providere , tibi praecipimus firmiter injungentes , quod per omnes Civitates , Burgos , & Villas in Balliva tua , ubi expediens fuerit , ex parte nostra publice proclamari , & firmiter inhiberi facias ; Ne quis Judeus vel Judea per se alibi quam in Civitatibus , Burgis & Villis ubi sit communitas Iudeorum , vel Cyrograph . Archa , super gravem forisfacturam nostram de cetero presumat habitare . Et hoc sicut te et tua diligis non omittas . T. R. apud Winds . 23 die Aprilis .

One of the principal things of Note concerning the Iews , this year , is the Ordinance concerning the Iews , made by the King , by the advice and counsel of Prince Edward his Sonne , and other honest men , for the relief of the christians , touching the grievances they sustained in their Debts and Fees morgaged to the Jews , and against the Iews assigning of their debts to others , without the Kings special License first obtained . Which I find enrolled in French in a very fair hand , in the Dorse of the Clause and Patent Rolls of 53 H. 3. and in the Red Booke of the Exchequer in the Remembrancers Office , fol. 242. with this Title there prefixed to it .

Provisiones de Iudaismo liberatae ad Scaccarium , per Dominum Walterum de Merton .

* * Claus . 5. H 53 3. pars 1. m. 10 dorso , and Pat. 53. H. 3. m. 25. dors. A la feste de Seint Hillayre del an du regne le Roy Henry fiz le Roy Iohan. cinquante tierz , purvieu est per memes le Roy , et per le conseil Sire Edward son fiz eyne , et de ses autres prodes hommes , a lamendement de la Tere , Et Reliever les Crestiens des Grevances que il ont eu par la Iuerye de Angletere , ●e totes les Dettes a Gyvues que sont ●oez , et qe aparmenes sunt as meines de Gyvus , et ne sont done a Crestien , ne vendu issint qe avaunt ceo Jur. seent confirme par le Roy , vel arroule al Eschekker , soent quites a Crestiens qe les deyvent et a lour Eyres a tuz Jurs. Ensement les arrerages et les chartres par la ou eles serrunt trouees des avant dites dettes de foez , seent renduz a Crestiens de ke les dettes sont dues ou a lour eyres . Et si par aventure acune Chatre fust mise en huche ou troue des ore , mes nul lu ne tyene . Et qe nul Gyvu de ceo jur en avant tel manere de dette de foe ne ne preigne , ne ne face . Et ensement qe nul Gyvu ceo Feo a Crestien ne venda de cest jur . en avant sur forfeiture de vie et de chatel , ne Crestien ne lachate sur forfeiture de son chatel et de son heritage .

Et ensement est purveu par lavant dit Roy , et par le consell Sire Edward , et des avant dit prodes homes , qe nul Gyvu des ore mes ne puse vendre sa dette a Crestien si il ne eyt primes le conge le Roy. Et si Crestien la chate par le conge le Roy rien ne pusse plus aver ke le Roy ne averoit si la dette eust en sa mein , ceo est a saver , le chatel qe est troue en chartre saunz Usure .

This Ordinance within few months after , Anno 54 H. 3. was commanded to be put in execution by this writ to the Barons of the Exchequer , which thus recites it .

* * Claus. 54 H. 3. pars 1. m. 8. dorso . Rex Baron . de Scac. salutem . Quia provisum est per. Nos , et Edwardum Primogenitum nostrum , et alios fideles de consilio nostro ad meliorationem status terrae nostrae , et ad relevationem Christianorum a gravaminibus , quae hactenus habuerunt per Judeos et Judaismum nostrum Angliae ; Quod omnia debita Judeorum quae sunt feoda , et quae die Sancti Hillarii An. r. n. 53. fuerunt in manibus Judeorum , et quae non fuerunt data et vendita Christianis , ita quod ante diem illum essent confirmata per nos , vel irrotulata in Rotulis nostris ad Scac. nostrum Judeorum , quieta sint Christianis qui ea debent et eorum heredibus imperpetuum , una cum arreragiis eorundem debitorum : et quod Chartae de hujusmodi feodis ubicunque erunt inventae sint liberatae Christianis qui talia feoda debent , vel eorum heredibus : et quod si forte aliqua hujusmodi Carta sit inventa in Archa Cyrogr. vel . extra amodo nullius sit valoris . Et quod nullus Judeus a predicto die inantea , talia debita de feodo recipiat vel faciat . Et similiter quod nullus Judeus talia feoda Christianis vendat a predicto tempore , super forisfacturam vitae suae , et catallorum ipsius , nec Christianus ea emat super forisfacturam catallorum ipsius et suae haereditatis . Vobis mandamus , quod omnia Cyrographa super hujusmodi feodis per quoscunque confecta , coram vobis ad Scac. nostrum venire faciatis , et ea quae ante praedict. diem Sancti Hillarii non fuerunt per nos confirmata , nec in rotulis nostris ad Scac. nostrum Judeorum irrotulata , prout superius est expressum , cancellari faciatis , et creditoribus , vel eorum haeredibus quieta reddatis . T. R. apud Westm. 14 die Maii.

The later part of this Ordinance ( here omitted ) against selling debts without license , is frequently recited in special Licenses granted by the King to Jews to sell their debts , the very next year after its making , and proved very gainfull to the King and his Officers .

† † Pat. 54. H. 3. pars . 1. ● . 16. Pro Ja●obo Judeo , & Gal● . de Lukenor . Rex omnibus &c. salutem . Cum nuper de consilio Edwardi primogeniti nostri , et aliorum fidelium regni nostri in praesentia nostra provisum esset , quod nullus Judeus debitum aliquod , quod sibi a Cristiano debetur alicui vendere possit ni si prius a nobis optenta super hoc licentia speciali : et si Christianus aliquis debitum hujusmodi de licentia nostra emat , nihil plus inde habeat , quam nos haberemus si debitum illud esset in manu nostra , viz. Catallum quod inventum est in Carta inde confecta SINE USURA . Nos Jacobo fil . Mosse Iudeo Oxon , dedimus licentiam vendendi Galf. de Lukenore debitum illud in quo Laur. de Cheleston eidem Iudeo tenetur per cartam suam : Et etiam idem Galfredo dedimus licentiam emendi idem debitum à praefat. Judaeo in forma provisionis supradictae . In cujus &c. T. R. apud Westm. 7. die Maii.

Claus. 54 H. 3. m. 10. in sc ed. there is a writ , to discharge some debts of the King out of the estate of a deceased Iew , directed to the Iustices assigned for their custody . In the Patent Rolls of this year , I find this recital of the Kings grant of Aaron a Jew to his Sonne Edmond , and of Edmonds grant and infranchisement of Aaron , and the Kings confirmation thereof .

* * Pat. 54 H. 3. m. 1. Pro Edmundo fil . Regis & Aaron Judeo . Omnibus , &c. salutem . Inspeximus Cartam quam Edmundus fil . noster fecit Aaron fil . Vynes in haec verba . Omnibus praesentem cartam visuris vel audituris , Edmundus illustris Regis Angliae filius , salutem . Cum Dom. Rex pater noster dederit et concesserit Nobis Aaron fil . Vynes Iudeum , cum omnibus bonis , debitis , & catallis suis liberam et quietam de omnibus Tallagiis , auxiliis , prestitis et demanmandis quibuscunque , ita quod eum , cum omnibus bonis & catallis suis habeamus , et teneamus , cum omnibus libertatibus , legibus , et consuetudinibus Iudaismi Angliae , prout hujusmodi concessio in praedicti patris nostri carta super hoc confecta plenius continetur . Nos eidem Aaron Iudeo specialem gratiam facere volentes , ipsum cum omnibus bonis debitis et catallis suis tenore praesentium donavimus libertati , concedentes eidem quod ipse toto tempore vitae suae liber sit de nobis ab omnibus Tallagiis , auxiliis , prestitis & demandis , reddend . nobis quamdiu vixerit quolibet anno ad festum Pentecost unum par caelcarium deaurator . pro omnibus exactionibus & demandis . In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum fecimus apponi . Dat. Winton . 11 die Augusti Anno Reg. Dom. patr. nostr. praedicti . 54. Nos autem praedictas donationem & concessionem , &c. pro nobis & haeredibus nostris , quantum in nobis est , concedimus et confirmamus sicut carta praedicta rationabiliter testatur . T. ut supra .

Here the King grants a Jews person , with all his goods , debts , and chattels to his Son , like an absolute Villain , and his Son , thus infranchiseth him afterwards by this Charter , which the King confirms , and is mentioned in 18 E. 1. * hereafter cited .

This grant of Aaron by his Son , is recited in this Patent Roll , with this addition .

* * Pat. 54. H. 3. m. 7. Volumus etiam quod idem Aaron habeat Archam ad reponend Cyrogr. sua loco quo in terris ipsius filii nostri moraturus fuerit , secundum legem et consuetudinem Judaismi nostri , et quod ministri nostri levari faciant eidem Iudeo debita sua quae ei debentur vel debebuntur de debitoribus suis in regno nostro , prout rationabiter monstrare poterit per Cyrogr. sua vel per literas patentes quod ei in debitis illis teneantur , & prout de jure , & secundum legem et consuetudinem Judaismi praedict. fuit faciendum .

I find this Patent of the Kings this year , contradicting his Title to a Jews house , as escheated to him by his death , and ratifying the Jews demise thereof by his last Will .

Rex omnibus , * * Pat. 54. H. 3. m. 3. Pro Cresse fil . mag. Mossei Iud. London . &c. Quia accepimus per Inquisitionem quam per Constab . Turris nostrae London , et Majorem & Vicecomites nostros London fieri fecimus , quod Domus illa cum pertinentiis in Vico de Melchstreet in Civit nostra London quae fuerunt Cress . fil . Mag. Mossei quondam Iudei London , non sunt nec esse possunt Eschaeta nostra per mortem illius Cress . & quod nunquam in vitae sua in aliquo deliquit contra nos , sed tanquam bonus et fidelis Iudeus bene et fidelitermore Judeorum vixit , et testamentum suum , secundum consuetudinem Judaismi nostri fecit , et domos praedict. cum omnibus pertinentiis suis Cok. fil . suo legavit in testamento praedicto . Nos eidem Cok. domos praedict. cum pertinentiis , quantum ad nos pertinet concessimus et reddidimus ; tenend . et habend. in forma Testamenti supradicti , salvo jure cujuslibet . In cujus , &c. T. R , apud Winds . 29 die Sept.

This year some Jews of Winchester fearing an assault upon them , by reason of some differences between them and the Citizens , the King granted this new special protection , and committed them to the custody of sundry Citizens thereof , to protect them from violence and damage .

* * Pat. 54. H. 3. m. 18. Pro Iudeis Winton . Rex dilecto sibi in Christo Simoni le Draper , ( and to 25 others there named ) salutem , Quia per quandam contentionis materiam inter quosdam de Civibus nostris ejusdem villae , et Benedictum fil . Abrah. Iudeum nostrum illius villae nuper habitam , multi homines de dicta villa praedicto Benedicto , & aliis Judeis nostris in eadem villa commorantibus , de corporibus suis manifeste minati , sunt ut accepimus ; Nos volentes dictorum nostrorum Judeorum indempnitati prospicere , ipsos homines , terras , domos , res , redditus , et omnes possessiones eorundem in nostram protectionem et defensionem suscepimus specialem , vos ad corum majorem tuitionem et securitatem custodes et Protectores suos assignantes . Et ideo vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes , quod per totam Civitatem nostram praedict. publice clamari faciatis , Ne quis sub periculo vitae & membrorum praedict. Judeis in personis vel rebus suis dampnum inferet , vel gravamen . Et vos ipsi praedict. Judeos , familias suas , terras , domos , res , redditus , et omnes possessiones eorum tam infra dictam Civitatem quam extra , quantum in vobis est , manuteneatis , protegatis , et defendatis . Non inferentes eis vel inferri permittentes injuriam , molestiam , dampnum , vel gravame● . Et si quid eis forisfactum fuerit id ●is sine dilatione faciatis emendari . Volentes etiam quod praetextu istius mandati in nullo vos intromittatis de placitis quaerilis aut aliis ipsos Iudeos tangentibus , quae ad Constab . Castri nostri Winton pertinent , & hactenus pertinere consueverunt . In cujus T. R. apud Westm , 26 die Decemb.

Patents 54. H. 3. m. 24. The King grants to Benedict , a Iew , that he will not prorogue , release , pardon or extend any debts due unto him for 5 years space , and by his Charter confitms a grant of an Annuity in see made by two Jews Alardo de Hermigsham et haeredibus suis .

In the 55 year of H. 3. I find * * Claus . 54. H. 3. m. 2. 7. two Prohibitions to the Iustices itinerant in Sussex and Kent , to hold pleas of the Jews in Sussex or Kent , or concerning Iudaismum nostrum , contra legem & consuetudinem Iudaismi suprapraedicti . T. R. apud Winds . 28 die Sept. Also * * Ib. m. 6. a Pardon of all usury and penalties due to Jewes by some poore Debtors . A grant of 30 l. to one Martin out of the debts of Jews . A Writ of respite of fines not paid by some Jews out of meer poverty at the times appointed them , to the Justices of the Jews * * Ib. m. 6. quatenus termiuos suos praedictos taliter admensuretis , quod salvo contenemento suo possint nobis de eo quod aretro est de fine praedicto satisfacere , & etiam Tallagio nostro , simul cum aliis Iudeis contribuere , & ne per defectum mendicare . T. R. apud Westm. 26 die April . Some other particulars concerning the fines of Iews are in this Roll.

In the Patent Rolls of this year , there * * Pat. 55. H. 3. m. 4 , 5 , 11 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 28. 29. are divers releases of the King of the debts , usuries , and penalties due to Jews , and confirmations of grants of Houses and Debts assigned by Jews to others , Licenses for sundry Jews to sell their debts , according to the forementioned Ordinance of 53 H. 3. all running in the fame fotm with that already cited ; And a grant to some Jews not to pardon respite nor extend their debts . But the more special things therein are these two .

First , this License to a Jew to dwell where he pleased , amongst any Jews , in what Burrough of England he listed .

* * Pat. 55. H. 3. m. 29. Pro Aaron fil . Vyn . Rex omnibus , &c. salutem . Sciatis quod ad instantiam Edwardi fil . nostri carissimi concedimus Aaroni fil . Vynes Iudeo ; quod in quocunque Burgo Regni nostri voluerit , ubi alii Judei habitant , morari possit pro voluntate sua sine contradictione nostra , vel Ballivorum nostrorum quorumcunque . Dum tamen tanquam bonus et fidelis Judeus se gerat et habeat in eodem . In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Winds . 30 die Octob. An. 55.

Next , this morgage of Judaisme for payment of 2000 marks to Richard King of Almain .

* * Pat. 55. H. 3. m. 12. De Judaismo Angliae . Rex omnibus , &c. salutem . Cum ante recessum cariss . fil . Edwardi primogeniti nostri , versus terram sanctam dederimus eidem Edw. 6000 marc . de Judaismo nosto in subsidium peregrinationis sux , de quibus 6000 marc . 4000 marc . exceptis quibusdam arreragiis solvuntur eidem ; Ita quod 2000 marc . et eadem arreragia adhuc sibi reddenda supersunt ; & ipse filius noster moram saciens in terra sancta non mediocriter pecunia indigeat ad expensas suas , propter quod car . fr. & fid. n. Ricus . Rex Alemani : illustris illa 2000 mar . quae aretro . sunt , &c. fil . nostro credidit ad partes nostras . Nos eidem Rico. pro praedicta Curialitate dict. fil . n. facta concessimus , quod ipse vel executores vel assign . sui habeant et teneant Judaismum nostrum , et Judaeos nostros Angliae , a Festo sancti Michis An. 1271. usque ad Festum sancti Michis prox . sequent . per unum An. completum pro praed. 2000. marc . dicto fil . n. creditis . Ita Scil. quod Iudei nostri Angl. illa 2000 marc . dict. fratri nostro terminis subscriptis solvant infra praedict. An. Then. he limits the time for she Iews to pay it by several summes . Et si pretextu nostro , vel mandatorum nostrorum huic concessioni nostrae contradictorum dictus frater noster fuerit impeditus , quo minus dictam pecuniam dictis terminis levare possit , tunc liceat ei tam diu Judaismum nostrum in manu sua tenere , donec super principale debito , et paena praedict. fuerit sibi satisfactum . Hanc autem concess. dicto fratri nostro fecimus , salvis nobis & haeredibus nostris placitis , perquisitis , & eschaetis dicti Judaismi nostri ad nos pertinentibus de toto tempore praedict. &c. Nec volumus quod praedict. frat . n. infra terminum praedict. aliquam faciat pardonationem , quietantiam , vel alienationem de debitis Judaismi nostri memorati , nec tempore praedict. aliquod aliud recipiat de Judaismo nostro nisi debitum praed. 2000 marc . &c. In cujus , &c T. R. apud Westm. 15 die Iun.

Anno 56. H. 3. In the Clause Roll I find * * Claus . 56. H. 3. m. 1. 7 , 8 , 9 , Sched . m. 13. Many licenses to Jews to sell their Debts , wherein the Ordinance of 53 H. 3. is recited , A Release and grant of some debts of Jewes , and to take the Charters of them out of the Chest . Respites of other debts due to them , pardon of usury to others , and an extent of Creditors Lands at reasonable rates .

But the most material things in this Roll are . The * * Claus . 56. H. 3. m. 4. 7. Kings assignation of 1000 lib. to Prince Edward out of the Tallage of the Jews this year , de quibusdam certis personis praedict. Iudeorum percipiendas , some of which having paid their proportion to the Prince are thereupon discharged of former sequestrations on them and their estates . And this gift of the Jews Synagogue in London to the Friers penitents in London , whom the Jewes with their Howlings in it disturbed at their Masses , and Divine services ; yet licensing them , if they pleased , to build another Synagogue in any convenient place that should be elsewhere allotted them .

* * Claus . 56. H. 3. m , 3. Rex Majori & Vic. suis London . Quia dilecti nobis in Christo fratres de paenitentia Jesu Christi London commorantes per strepitum Judeorum confluentium ad Ecclesiam suam quae contigua est Oratorio dictorum fratrum ibidem , et etiam pro ipsorum Judeorum continuam ululatum in eadem Schola , juxta ritum suum , impediantur quo minus ea quae ad Officium spirituale pertinent exercere possint , circa celebrationem divinorum , et praecipue hora confectionis corporis Jesu Christi , sicut per testimonium fidelium accepimus . Nos ad divina inibi quietius celebranda , volentes predict . impedimentum modis omnibus amoveri , ob salutem animae nostrae , et animarum predecessorum , et haeredum nostrorum , de gratia nostra speciali dedimus et concessimus predictisfratribus & successoribus suis in augmentum mansi sui ibidem , predict . Scholam , una cum fundo ejusdem : Habend . & tenend. eisdem fratribus & successoribus suis imperpetuum . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod eisdem fratribus de Scola illa sicut praedict. est , plenam seisinam sine dilatione habere faciatis . Sustinentes quod predicti Judei sibi aliam Scholam alibi , ubi ad minus nocumentum dictorum fratrum , et Ecclesiae suae , et Ecclesiarum alirum fieri poterit facere , vel construere possint si voluerint , et sibi viderint expedire . T. R. apud St. Edmundum . 6. die Sept.

There being some few poor Jews converted this same yeare , and the revenues of the House of the Converts being swallowed up by rich Jews not living in it , and the poor Converts there like to starve for want of relief , and enforced to begg from door to door ; thereupon the King assigned to a convert Jew and his wife , a certain annual pension out of some houses in London belonging to the House of the Converts , and issued a Commission to inquire of and regulate the abused revenues of the House of Converts which he had founded , and to bestow them on the poor Jews , &c. as these Records at large relate .

* * Pat. 56 H. 3. m. 15. pars 1. Pro Conversis London . Rex omnibus , &c. salutem : Sciatis quod cum de propriis bonis et elemosinis nostris fundaverimus quandam domum in honore sanctae Trin. infra suburbium civitatis nostrae London , ad usus Conversorum ab errore Judaico usque ad fidem Christianam , quosdam redditus nostros ad sustentationem eorundē assignando , Concessimus pro nobis et haeredibus nostris , quantum in nobis est , Nich. aurifabro London , et Matildae uxori ejus conversis , quod ipse Nich. singulis septimanis decem denar . et ipsa Matilda singulis septimanis octo denar . habeant . et percipiant per manus suas ad sustentationem suam quoad vixerint , de redditibus predictis dictae domus , a nobis assignatis infra civitatem predictam : videlicet , de domibus Walteri de Vallibus in parochia Sanctae Wyburge duas marcas : de quatuor shopis ejusdem Walteri in parochia Sancti Matth. de Fridaistreet , viginti solidos : de domibus Hugonis Mothon in parochia de Aldermanchirche , viginti solidos , et de tenementis Will : Bokerell viginti solidos , et quatuor denarios debitis terminis quibus ii●em redditus reddi debent et consueverunt . Ita etiam quod quandocunque alter praedict. Nich : et Matild . diem suum clauserit extremum , porcio predicta ipsum Nicholaum seu ipsam Matildam contingens ad predictam domum integre revertatur imperpetuum . In cujus &c. Teste Rege apud Westmonasterium 28 die Aprilis .

* * Patents 56. H. 3. pars 1. m. 19. de inquirendo de redditibus Conversorum London , & eisdem redditibus pauperioribus Conversis assignandis . Rex dilectis sibi Majori London , et Magistro Johanni de Sancto Dionisio clerico suo , Custodi domus Conversorum London , salutem . Ex parte pauperum Conversorum nostrorum London , nobis et consilio nostro est ostensum , quod tum nihil habeant unde sustentari possint , nec sit , qui eis in aliquo subveniat hostiatim mendicare coguntur , et quasi fame moriuntur ; Et cum certos redditus ad sustentationem ipsorum in Civitate London et alibi assignari fecerimus , ipsi ex hiis nihil percipiunt , set quidam alii Conversi divites alios redditus et possessiones habentes qui etiam non morantur , nec conversantur in domo nostra predicta , redditus ipsos pro magna parte percipiunt , et ad usus suos pro voluntate sua convertunt , quod ulterius sustinere nolumus , nec debemus , maxime cum predictos redditus dictae domui , non pro divitibus set pauperibus et egenis , et ex causa necessitatis fecerimus assignari . Volentes igitur premissa in melius reformari : vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes , quod per Sacramentum proborum & legalium hominum de civitate & suburbio London diligenter inquiratis , qui sunt redditus et bona predicta ? & quantum valeant per annum ? & quis vel qui ea percipiunt ? & a quibus et qualiter hactenus distributa et dispensata fuerunt ? & quae super premissis corrigenda et reformanda videritis , sine dilatione corrigatis . Proviso quod bona et redditus domus predictae prefatis conversis qui magis indigent juxta merita necessitatis ipsorum , decetero assignentur : de aliis etiam quae ad servicium & debitum statum Capellae nostrae ibidem , ac domus praedictae in melius reformandum pertinere noscuntur , provideatis in omnibus prout melius et honestius videritis expedire . Volumus etiam , quod sicut predicti redditus dictae domui ad sustentationem commorancium in eadem specialiter assignati sunt ; Ita etiam ad domum deferantur et distribuantur ibidem , sicut predictum est ; Et si quos vobis aut ordinationi vestrae resistentes aut contradicentes inveneritis , eos per sequestrationes porciorum suarum et aliter , prout opus esse vider is , compescatis . T. R. apud Wesm . 26 die Febr.

This year the King granted this ensuing Pardon to a Jew for selling a pretended Debt for which he had no Charter , to another ; for which he was committed Prisoner to the Tower , and for making an escape from thence , without License ; for which pardon he paid a Fine to the King .

† † Pat. 56 H. 3. pars 1. m. 17. Rex omnibus &c. salutem . Sciatis quod cum Abraham filius Jocei Judeus Ebor. pro quater viginti et undecim libris argenti , quas Thomas de Basing civis noster London , versus eum disrationaverat in Curia nostra coram Iusticiariis nostris ad custodiam Judeorum assignatis , eccasione cujusdam debiti in quo idem Abraham dixerat Will . de Dyve , sibi teneri , quod quidem debitum ipse Judeus dicto Thomae vendidit ; unde nulla Carta inter ipsum Judeum et predictum Wil. in Archa nostra potuit inveniri ; per praeceptum Justic , eorundem caperetur et infra Turrim nostram London detineretur , et eidem Abrahamo à quibusdam Emulis suis sit impositum , quod ab eadem Turri sine licentia custodis sui sive warranto temere recessit ; licet per literas nostras fecissemus eum deliberari , Nos per finem duodecim bisanciarum quas predictus Abrahamus nobis solvit praemanibus , pardonavimus eidem Abrahamo transgressionem quam fecisse dicitur vendendo debitum praedictum sine Carta , et etiam transgressionem quam fecisse dicitur recedendo a Turri praedicta tempore detentionis suae praedictae . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedictum Abraham occasione transgressionum praedictarum non occasionetis in aliquo vel gravetis . T. R. apud Westm. 26 die Martii .

* * Pat. 56. H. 3. pars 1. m. 19. This year I find a special Licence for a Jew to assign his Debt , according to the Provisions in 53. H. 3. therein mentioned in form above rehearsed .

This year the King appointed this special form of Manucaption , body for body for the Jews then imprisoned in the Tower for their Tallages , and petitioning to be bailed ; discovering how strictly the King dealt with them in levying their heavy Taxes .

* * Pat. 56. H. 3. pars 1. m. 10. Rex Thes. & Baronibus suis de Scaccario , salutem . Sciatis nos de Consilio nostro talem formam manucapt onis Iudaeorum incarceratorum apud Turrim London providisse , videlicet , quod manucaptores manucapiant ipsos Iudeos quos manucapere volunt , habendo corpora praedictorum Iudaeorum quos manuceperunt à die Sancti Johan . Baptistae , in 15 dies corpus pro corpore , liberand . Constabular : Turr. praedictae carceri mancipanda ad voluntatem nostram , donec nobis satisfecerint de Tallagiis suis super ipsos assessis , nisi praedicta tallagia solvere velint ad terminos subscriptos ; videlicet medietatem ad quindenam Sancti Johan . Baptist . prox : futur . et aliam medietatem ad festum Sancti Jacobi Apostoli prox . sequent . Ita quod si praedecti manucapti praedictam solutionem fecerint ad praedictos terminos , quieti sint praedicti manucaptores . Et si in solutione praedicta in toto vel in parte defecerint ad eosdem terminos , et praedicti manucaptores habeant corpora manucapta ad praedictum terminum in forma praedicta . tunc similiter quod sint de manucaptione sua . Ita tamen quod praedicti Manucapti quicquid prae manibus solverint de praedicto tallagio , vel etiam ad aliquem terminorum praedictorum , nisi totum solverint illud penitus amittant , et nihilominus corpora sua , una cum omnibus catallis et debitis suis nobis incurrantur ad voluntatem nostram inde faciendam ; et si manucaptores corpora manucaepta ad praedictum terminum non liberaverint , nec manucapti Tallagium suum solverint , sicut praedictum est ; tunc corpora manucapientium , una cum omnibus Catallis et debitis suis incurrantur ad voluntatem nostram inde faciendam sicut praedictum est . In cujus &c. T. R. apud Westm. 21 die Iunii .

In the 57 and last year of King Henry the 3. I find * * Claus . 57. H. 3. m. 11. only a special license for a Jew to sell his Debt to a Christian , wherein the ordinance of 53. H. 3. is recited .

I have now run through all the most material Records of King Henry the 3 his long and tedious reign , relating to the Jews and their affairs , pretermitting some few only of lesse moment and private concerment in some of the Fine , Clause , and Patent Rolls , where those who are not fully satisfied with these already recited may glean them at their leasures .

I now proceed to the Records in the reigne of King Edward the first , omitting all passages of the Jewes in the Fine Rolls of his reign , as of lesse moment , seeing the Patent and Clause Rolls afford us much plenty and variety of matter concerning our English Jews affairs , their final banishment out of England , and sale of their houses eascheated by their exile , which Records were never yet published to the world in print and are unknown to most men .

King Henry the 3 deceasing , and his Son Edward the 1 succeeding him , Anno 1272. thereupon he constituted Hamon Hattayn and Robert de Ludham Justices for the custody of his Jews , commanding the Treasurer and the Barons of the Exchequer to deliver to them the keys of the Jews Chests , together with the Rolls , Writs , and other things belonging to the Jews , as they had formerly done to other Justices , by this Writ .

[a] [a] Claus . 1. E. 1. m. 10. De Justiciariis Judaeorum . Quia Rex constituit Hamonem Haittayn et Robernum de Ludham Justiciarios suos ad custodiam Judaeorum suorum ; Mandatum est Thesaurario et Baronibus de Scaccario , quod eisdem Hamoni & Roberto claves Archarum Judaismi , una cum Rotulis , Brevibus , et omnibus aliis Judaismum illud contingentibus liberent , prout aliis Justiciariis ibidem prius consuevit . Dat. per manum W. de Merton Cancellar. apud Westm. 27 die Ianuarii .

These new Justices were constituted not above 5 weeks after Kings Henries death , and they were , as all their Predecessors in that Office ( first instituted by King b b See the 1. part of the Demurrer , p. 14 , 15. Hoveden . Annal. pars posterior . p. 745. Rich. the 1 Anno 1194. ) Iusticiarii sui ad custodiam Iudaeorum suorum , to shew that the Jews were nothing else but the Kings own Wards and Villaines , and under his custody and protection only as such , to tax and plunder them at his pleasure , as his Father and Grandfather had done before him .

It appears by the Liberate of 1 E. 1. m. 1. & 2. that the King allowed 20 marks a year to these Justices of the Jews for their Salary ; And the custody of the Rolls and writs of the Jews were committed this year to William Middleton , as is evident by this Record .

* * Claus . 1. E. 1. m. 9. Cum Rex commiserit Willielm . de Middleton Rotulos & brevia Iudaismi sui quae sunt in custodia Thesaur : & Baronum Scaccarii , custodiend : quamdiu Domino Regi placuerit . Mandatum est eisdem Thesaurario et Baronibus , quod eidem Will . Rotulos & Brevia liberent sicut praedictum est .

The same year this King in the beginning of his reign caused his peace and protection to be publikely proclaimed , as well to all the Jews as others within England , and other his Dominions , as this record recites for the Jews in Bruges in Flanders .

* * Claus . 1. E. 1. m. 7. Dorso De Judaeis de Burges . Rex Vicecomiti Mall . salutem . Cum nuper pacem nostram per totum Regnum nostrum publicè proclama●i fecimus , et eam omnibus et singulis de regno nostro tam Iudaeis , quam Christianis observari praecepimus , & praecipimus quod Iudaei nostri de Bruges in Balliva tua manuteneas , & defendas , ita quod eis pax nostra , prout ejus per totum regnum nostrum proclamari fecimus , inviolabiliter observetur . Et non exigas vel exigi permittas ab eisdem redemptiones vel alias extorsiones ad opus nostrum , vel alicujus alterius , nisi quatenus ad debita nostra , seu Domini Henrici Regis patris nostri , seu Tallagia , aut alia ad quae de jure tenentur ab eis levanda , ade nostro , aut ejusdem Domini Henr. patris nostri mandato Warrantum habueris . Datum &c. apud Westm. 15 die Iunii .

Yet notwithstanding this protection and peace granted them by the King , the very same year , the King grants out this Writ to search all their Chests , to enroll and certifie him of all their debts and estates , that he might tax them all proportionably at his pleasure , as he did soon after .

Rex dilecto & fideli suo Thomae de Espernon , * * Patent 1. E. 1. m. 18. De debitis levandis . salutem , Quia de debitis in Archa Cirogtafforum Winton . Oxon. Marleberg . & Wilton contentis volumus certiorari , vobis mandamus quod ad certum diem quem ad ho● provideritis , ad Archas praedictas accedatis , & easdem per visum Cirograf . Archarum praedictarum , tam Christianorum quam Judaeorum aperiatis , et omnia debita in eisdem contenta diligenter scrutari et inrotulari faciatis . Mandamus enim Cirograffariis nostris Archarum praedictar : quod ad certum diem quem eis scire faciatis ad hoc faciendum vobis assistant et intendant . In cujus , &c. Dat , &c. apud Westm. 20 die . Feb.

Consimiles Literae diriguntur Hamoni Hatayn de debitis in Archa Cirograf . Northampt. Nottingh . Ebor. Lincol. Stainf . conrents .

Item Consimiles Literae diriguntur Ade de Winton , de debitis in Arca Cirograf . Judaeorum Bristoll , Oxon , Gloucest . Wigorn. Hereford et Warw. contentis .

Item consimiles Literae diriguntur Roberto de Ludham super hujusmodi debitis contentis in Archis Cirograff . Judaeorum Bedef : Cantebr . Colecester , et Sudbury .

In all which Cities and Towns the Jews then inhabited , and had common chests , wherein their Debts and Morgages were reserved .

Also according to the former Custome of the Jews in England , not to remove into any town where they did not anciently inhabit , he sent this Writ to the Barons and Bailiffs of Winchelse , to remove some Jews thence who had taken up their habitation there , without his special license .

* * Claus . 1. E. 1. m. 7. Dorso . De Judaeis Angliae inhabitantibus Villas . Rex Baronibus & Ballivis suis de Winchelse salutem . Quia secundum consuetudinem Iudaismi nostri Angliae , in aliis Civitatibus Burgis aut Villis habitare , vel morari non debent , quam in illis in quibus antiquitus habitare consueverunt & morari , & quidem Iudaei , ut intelleximus , villam nostram de Winchelse sunt ingressi , & eam inhabitent , in quam nullus Iudaeus aliquibus retroactis temporibus habitare consuevit , vel morari ; Vobis mandamus , quod si verum est , tunc Iudaeos ab eadem villa , absque damno de corporibus seu rebus suis eis faciend. sine damno faciatis amoveri . Dat. apud Westm , 18 die Iunii .

This King that he might not seem altogether unjust , granted forth a Writ to the Sheriff of Oxford in behalf of one Lumbard a Jew of Oxford taken and imprisoned for a fine of fifty marks imposed on one Lumbard a Jew of Bristol for a Trespasse against the Kings Exchange , ordering him to be bailed , and the mistake examined .

* * Claus . 1. E. 1. m. 9. Pro Lumbardo de Krikelad . Judaeo . Rex Vicecom. Oxon. salutem . Ostensum est nobis ex parte Lumbardi de Krikelad . Judaei nostri Oxoniae , quod quum quidam Lumbardns Judaeus Bristol amerciatus esset coram Justiciariis Domini Henr. Regis patris nostri ad custodiam Judaeorum assignatis ad quinquaginta marcas pro transgressione excambii ejusdem patris nostri , et ipse Lumbardus Judaeus Oxon. de eadem transgressione nunquam calumpniatus , nec de praedicta pecunia oneratus extiterit , tu easdem 50 marcas ab eodem Lumb . de Oxon. Judaeo exigis , et omnia bona sua in Balliva tua ea occasione cepisti in manum nostram , et insuper ipsum cepisti , et in prisona nostra Oxoniae detines . Et quia non est juri consonum , nec est voluntaris nostrae quod ipse Lumbardus de Oxonia sit in poena pro debitis alterius , unde ipse Lumbardus de Oxonia penitus est immunis , ut dicitur . Tibi praecipimus , quod si ipse Lumbardus de Oxonia invenerit tibi sufficientem manucaptionem perconsuetudinem Judaismi nostri , de veniendo coram Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam Judaeorum assignatis , a die Pascha in 15 dies , ad satisfaciendum nobis de praedictis 50 marcis , nisi ibidem rationabiliter ostenderit , quod non ipse sed alii de dicta pecunia debent onerari , tunc ipsum Lumbardum per eandem manucaptionem a prisona qua detinetur , deliberari facias , & omnia bona sua ea occasione capta in manum nostram interim sine distractione , & sine dampno dicti Judaei reservari facias . Et habeas ibi nomina manucaptorum suorum & hoc breve . Datum , &c. apud Sanctum Paulum London 4 die Aprilis , & Dat 20 s. pro hoc Breve habendo .

No sooner had he provided the foresaid Justices and Guardians for the Jews , but he presently imposed new heavy annual Taxes and Tallages on them , appointing special Collectors to levy them and their arrerages upon all their goods , chattels , debts , and to banish and abjure the Realm all such Jews , together with their wives and children , as were rebellious and refused to pay them , as these ensuing Patents of his , in the 2 year of his reign demonstrate .

Rex dilectis , & sidelibus suis Fratri Stephano de Foleburn , c c Patent 2. E. 1. m. 5. De Tallagio Judaeorum levando . Ade de Stratten & Willielmo de Middleton salutem . Sciatis quod assignavimus vos ad omnia arreragia Tallagii super Judaeos nostros Angliae ultimo assessi ad opus nostrum levanda , prout citius & commodius videritis expedire . Dantes vobis potestatem Arreragia illa de bonis , catallis , & debitis Judaeorum quos dictorum arreragiorum inveneritis detentores , levandi , & nostro nomine adnuandi , nec non & dictos Judaeos qui in hac parte Rebelles fuerint vel contradictores per exilium & abjurationem Regui nostri , si necesse fuerit compellendi , ad dicta arreragia pro porcionibus ipsis inde contingentibus nobis sine difficultate qualibet solvenda . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod premissa faciatis in forma praedicta . Et si forte vos tres ad hoc intendere non poteritis , duo vestrum praemissa sicut praedictum est , nihilominus exequantur . In cujus , &c. T. Rege apud Westm. 20 die Octobris .

[d] [d] Pat. 2. E. 1. m. 3. De Arreragiis Tallagii , super Judaeos assist , levandis . Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis fratri Stephano de Foleburn electo Waterford , fratri Luce de Hemmington et Willielmo de Middleton salutem . Sciatis quod assignavimus vos ad omnia arreragia Tallagii super Iudaeos nostros Angliae ultimo assessi ad opus nostrum levanda , prout citius et commodius videritis expedire , Dantes vobis potestatem arreragia illa de bonis , catallis , et debitis Judaeorum , quos dictotum arreragiorum inveneritis detentores levandi , et nostro nomine adnuandi ; nec non et dictos Judaeos qui in hac parte Rebelles fuerint vel contradictores per exilium et abjurationem regni nostri , si necesse fuerit compellendi ad dicta arreragia nobis pro porcionibus ipsis contingentibus , sine difficultate qualibet solvenda . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praemissa faciatis in forma praedicta . Et fi aliquis Judaeorum illorum ad diem per nos sibi prefixum in solutione porcionis suae defecerit , faciatis ipsum , cum uxore , et pueris suis exceptis puerisillis qui sunt in Tallagio , et solverint , exire regnum nostrum Angliae , et assignetis ei portum Douorum , quod infra tertium diem post diem solutionis suae sibi per nos praefixum , sit ibi exiturus sicut praedictum est , et nunquam rediturus . Salvis tamen nobis terris Domibus , Nota. Reddiribus , et omnibus catallis suis et suorum . Et si aliquis Judaeus post tertium diem sibi assignatum , sicut praedictum est inventus fuerit alibi in Regno nostro quam apud Douorum , faciatis de eo Judicium tanquam de illo qui furtive & propria catalla nostra asportaverit . Et si forte vos tres ad hoc intendere non poteritis , duo vestrum praemissa nihilominus exeqauntur . In cujus &c. Teste Rege apud Luton , primo die Novembris .

By this imposed penal banishment and abjuration of the Realm , prescribed by the King in these two Pateuts to such Rebellious contradictory Jews , their wives , & children , as refused to pay the arrears of this last imposed Tax , it is more than probable , that their total e e See the first part of the Demurrer Edit. 2. p. 46. to 64. and final general banishment and expulsion out of England by the King and his whole Parliament in the 18 year of his reign ( 16 years after ) was as compulsory and penal to them as this , and no ways voluntary of themselves , as Sir Edward Cook hath fansied it , against all our Records and Histories .

In the Clause Roll of this year I find this writ to two of these Collectors , for the present levying part of these Arrears upon Elias a Jew of London , and paying it into the Wardrobe .

[f] [f] Claus . 2. E. 1. m. 2. Pro Magistro Elia filio Magistri Mossei Judaeo London . Rex dilectis & fidelibus suis fratri Stephano de Foleburn electo de Waterford & Willrelmo de Middleton , ad arrerag . Tallag . Judaeor . ultimo super eosdem Judaeos assesso levanda assignatis , salutem . Mandamus vobis quod illas septies viginti marcas quos Richardus de Tany debet Magistro Eliae filio magistri Mosseo Iudaeo London , sine dilatione liberari facias in Garderoba nostra , & eas eidem Judaeo in dicto Tallagio suo allocari facias . Teste Rege apud Westm. 20 die Octobris .

It is observable , that the first person named as a Collector of the Arrears of this Tax of the Jews in all these 3. Records , was a Frier , and Bishop Elect of Waterford in Ireland . How the Jews who neglected , refused , or were unable to satisfie their Taxes , were handled by these Collectors , and imprisoned in the Tower of London till they either paid or secured them to the King out of their best Debts , these Records of the ensuing year will discover .

g g Claus . 3. E. 1. m. 8. Rex Thesaurario et Baronibus suis de Scaccario salutem . Mandamus vobis quod Sampsonem filium Magistri Miles de Stanford ; Samuelem fil : Maneser de Lincoln ; Vnim . fil . Garflye , Abrahamum fil . Droye de Holms , Elyam fil . Vrssellae de Lincoln , et Abrahamum fil . Samuelis , captos et detentos in prisona nostra Turris London Pro Tallagio suo , deliberari faciatis . Ipsos etiam de corporibus suis pacem habere permittatis usque ad quindenam Sancti Michaelis prox : futur : et praedictorum Judaeorum Tallagium super eos assessum de clarioribus debitis suis interim levari faciatis . Ita quod nisi in quindena praedicta de praedicto Tallagio suo ad plenam satisfecerint , ad Prisonam nostram praedictam revertantur ; ibidem gratiam nostram expectand : Teste Rege apud Kenynton X. die Julii ,

h h Claus . 3. E. 1. m. 12. pro Rege de Judaeis . Mandatum est Justiciariis ad Custodiam Judaeorum assignatis , et Willielmo de Middleton quod executionem Brevium Regis quae pro diversis Judaeis receperunt super allocationem vel respectum de Tallagio super ipsis ultimo assesso habend : per ipsos faciend : supersedeant omnino , nisi aliud eis inde duxerit demandandum . T. R. apud Westm. X. die Iunii .

i i Ibidem . m. 12. pro Hako , fil . Roes Judaeo . Rex Justiciariis ad custodiam Judaeorum assignatis , et Willielmo de Middleton salutem : monstravit Nobis Hakus fil : Roes de Ebor. Iudaeus , quod cum ipse Nobis de Tallagio super ipsum ultimo assesso satisfecerit ad plenū , vos occasione quorundam Catallorum sub nomine Solomonis fil : Isaac dudum defuncti in manu nostra existent : quandam pecuniae summam occasione dicti Tallagii exigitis minus juste . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod si Nobis constiterit quod catalla praedicta fuerunt in manu nostra die quo dictum Tallagium assessum fuerat , et quod dictam pecuniam à praefato Hako occasione Catallorum illorum et non alia exigatis , et quod Nobis de toto Tallagio suo praedicto satisfecerit ut praedictum est ; tunc corpus suum ea occasione detentum prout justum fuerit deliberari faciatis . T. R. apud Westm. X. die Iunii .

k k Claus. 3 E. 1. m. 13. Rex eisdem et Willielmo de Middleton , ad Tallagium super eosdem Iudaeos Angliae nuper assessum colligendum deputatis , salutem . Mittimus vobis Petitionem Aaronis Crespyn Judaei nostri London praesentibus interclusam . Vobis mandantes quatenus retentis in manu nostra de clariobus debitis ipsius Iudaei in Thesaur : nostra existentibus usque ad summam Arreragiarum Tallagii super eundem Iudaeum ultimo assessi , et aliis debitis suis secundum tenorem Petitionis praedictae ; tunc debita illa ad opus nostrum levari , et ipsum de dictis arreragiis quietum esse , et residuum Catallorum suorum occasione dicti Tallagii in Thesauraria existentim , sibi liberari faciatis , & corpus suum ea occasione in pace esse permittatis . T. R. apud Westm. V. die Iunii .

l l Claus . 3. E. 1. m. 16. De debitis Regis levandis . Rex Justiciariis suis ad custodiam Judaeorum assignatis , & Will . Middleton salutem . Quia constat Nobis per recordum vestrum quod tertia pars unius debiti triginta librarum sub nominibus Ricardi Pauncefoot et Aaronis le Bland Iudaei , est debitum Urselli fil : Isaac Iudaei , et quod unum debitum duodecim librarū sub nominibus eorundem Ricardi et Aaronis , est debitum Belye de G●oucest . Iudeae , per quod Nos pro arreragiis Tallagii super praedict. Ursellam et Belyam ultimo assessi , tertiam partem praedicti debiti triginta librarum , et dictum debitum duodecim librarum cepimus in manum nostram : Vobis mandamus quod debita pro arreragiis Tallagii praedicti ad opus nostrum levari , et dictos Iudaeos de Arreragiis dicti Tallagii , qua●enus debita illa sufficerent , extunc in pace permittatis . T. R. apud Westm. 20 die Maii.

m m Claus . 1. E. 1. m. 17. De Tallagio Judaeorum levando . Rex Hammoni Hautyn , et Roberto Ludham Justiciariis suis ad custodiam Judaeorum assignatis , salutem . Quia quibusdam de causis , volumus quod vos de caetero intendatis ad Tallagium super Iudaeos nostros Angliae assessum et arreragia ejusdem levand . Vobis mandamus , quod omnes Rotulos , Cartas , Tallias , Brevia , Starra , et omnia alia praedict: Tallagium contingentia quae in custodia dilectorum & fidelium nostrorum fratris Luce de Hemington & Will : de Middleton hucusque remanserunt , ab eisdem admittatis , et Tallagium illud una cum Arreragiis ejusdem , prout magis ad commodum nostrum videritis expedire , una cum praedicto Willielmo : quem ad hoc una vobiscum assignavimus , levari faciatis . T. Rege apud Westmonast . XV. die Maii.

u u Claus . 3. E. m. 19. Pro Willielmo fil . Robert . de Middleton . Rex Justiciariis suis ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis , et Fratri Luce de Hemington , & Willielmo de Middleton , Collectoribus Tallagii super quosdam Judaeos Angliae nuper assessi salutem . Compatientes paupertati Will . fil . Roberti de Middleton , qui Jospino fil . Solomon : de Merleberge Iudaeo tenetur in diversis debitis , ad quorum solutionem bona sua et catalla non sufficiant , ut accepimus : dedimus eidem Willielmo respectum de debitis illis praefato Iudaeo rendend : usque ad quindena Paschae prox : fut : Ita quod penae et Vsurae inde cessant usque ad terminum supradictum . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quo ●eidem Willielmo respectum illum interim habere faciatis in forma praedicta : et terras et tenementa in manum praedicti Iudaei occasione debitorum praedictorum capt: replegiari faciatis . T. R. apud Windsore 6. die Martii .

o o Claus . 3. E. 1. m. 21. Pro Magistro Elia fil . Mossei Judaei London . Rex Thesaurario et Baronibus suis de Scaccario , salutem . Sciatis quod cum Magist●r . Elyas fil . Mo●aei Judaeus noster London nobis in trecentis et quinquaginta marcis pro Tallagio ipsum conting ●nte , de Tallio super Communitatem Judaeorum nostrorum anno Regni nostri secundo per praeceptum nostrum assesso ●eneatur . Et cum Mater nostra A. Regina Angliae eidem Elye in tanta pecunia teneatur , ut asserit , et concesserit quod praedict: 350 marcas Nobis pro praedicto Iudaeo solvit ad Scaccarium nostrum praedict. in crastino Sancti Michaelis prox : futur . Vobis ad instantiam ejusdem Matris nostrae mandamus , quod praedictum Iudaeum de praedictis 350 marcis quietum esse faciatis . T. R. apud Windsore 10 die Feb.

I have recited all these Records at large : partly to inform the world , how strict , rigorous , and earnest this King and his Officers were in levying their heavy Taxes upon the Jews , by imprisonment and banishment of their persons , and seising all their Charters , Debts , Obligations , which they were enforced to assign over to the King , for want of ready monies to help discharge their Tallages , for which they had some respite given them where they had assigned real debts for to pay them . And partly to acquaint those of the Long Robe , how little confidence they ought to repose in Reverend Sir Edward Cooke his citations of Records in his Institutes and Reports : who from these very * * 2 Instit. p. 206 ▪ Records of Rot. Pat. 3. E. 1. m. 14 , 17 , 20. ( which he mistakes for Claus . 3. E. 1. ) William Middleton reddit Compotum , ( when as William Middleton is not so much as named in these Patent Rolls , but only in the Clause , where he renders no account at all but what you have read ) makes this confident conclusion : ( in his 2 Institutes p. 506. upon Statutum de Iudaismo ) What benefit the Crown made before the making of this Act appeareth by former Records , take * * Rot. Pat. An. 3. E. 1. m. 14. 27. 20. William Middleton reddie Compot . one for many , from the 17 of December in the 50 year of H. 3. until the Tuesday in Shrovetide the 2. year of Edw. 1. which was about 7. years , the Crown had four hundred and twenty thousand pounds fifteen shillings and 4 pence , De exitibus Iudaismi : at which time the Ounce of silver was 20d . and now it is more than treble so much : When as there is not one syllable of this to be found in the Patent Rolls of 3 , E. 1. he cites in his Margin ( which are only licenses to Jews to assign their Debts ) nor any thing more in the Clause Rolls of this year that I can find , than what you have already heard , and no such Account of Middletons de Exitibus Iudaismi for any set time , much lesse from 50 H. 3. till Tuesday in Shrovetide , 2 E. 1. as he here fancieth . That which I conceive led Sir Edward Cooke into this mistake , was this Note in one of the Kalenders in the Tower : Rex recepit iiij C. iiij millia libr. de exitibus Judaismi , ab An 50 H. 3. usque An. 2 E. 1. Pat. 4. E. 1. m 12. citing Pat. 3. E. 1. m. 14. 17. just before it , with reference only to Quod nullus Iudaeus vendere debitū possit , nisi Regis Licentia , which Sir Edw. misapplied to the following clause ( a grosse oversight : ) when the Kalender refers only to Pat. 4. E. 1. m. 12. to prove this vast sum levied of the Jews from the 50 year of H. the 3. to 2 E. 1. in which Membrane and whole Roll there is no such thing at all appearing , nor ought relating to the Jews Taxes or Middletons account , as I dare affirm upon my double diligent perusal of that whole Roll , neither is there any such Acount that I can find in any other record that I have met with in my search . Doubtlesse this reverend Judge , and Great Ornament of the Law , took many , if not most of his Records upon trust , without examination , and so frequently miscites , wrests , or misapplies those he quotes , especially in brief , ( and some he cites at large too ) that those Judges , Lawyers , and young Students , who rely upon him and his Quotations as infallible Oracles , and deem it a disparagement once to question them , will but deceive both themselves and others , as I have undeniably manifested in his grosse mistakes concerning the Statute de Iudaismo , and Jews banishment out of England in my former Demurrer , and in his mistake in this very Roll. Wherefore I shall advise them all still to try his Records and Quotations before they trust them , and to practise that Rule himself so frequently urgeth , but yet overmuch forgot . Tutius est petere fontes quam sectari rivulos , having never met with so many grosse Misquotations and mistakes of Records in any Mans writings , as I have found in his , though otherwise a Man of rare abilities in points of Law , but no such Antiquary , Record-man , or Historian as the world esteem him ; Which I no ways publish to disparage his honourable Memory or usefull Publications , but to caution all of his Profession for whose benefit and information I have published these Records ) to take heed they be not ●educed by his venerable authority to imbrace or relyupon his frequent mistakes , misquotations of Records and Antiquities for undoubted verities . But to return from this necessary digression to my former Text.

In these Patents Rolls of 3 E. 1. I find frequent mention of the forcited Ordinance of 23 H. 3. ( recorded in the red Book of the Exchequer ) prohibiting any Jews to grant or assign their debts of Christians to any Christians , without the Kings special license first obtained , &c. together with sundry special licenses granted by the King to assign and grant their debts to Christians , and ro them to receive such assignments of them . Take these few presidents of this kind instead of many other .

Rex omnibus ad quos , &c. salutem . p p Pat. 3. E. 1. m. 4. De Licentia vendendi debita . Cum tempore Domini Henrici Regis Patris nostri provisum esset ; Quod nullus Iud●eus debitum aliquod quod sibi a Christiano debebatur vendere posset alicui , nisi prius super hoc ab eodem Patre nostro obtentis gratia & licentia . Et si quis debitum hujusmodi ex licentia sua ab aliquo Judaeo emeret , non plus haberet in eodem quâm ipse Pater noster , vel nos haberemus , si debitum illud esset in manu nostra , vel in manu ejusdem Patris nostri , vid●licet 〈◊〉 contentam , in Carta super hoc confecta , sine Vsura . Nos Mosseo filio Jac. de Oxon. Josceo filio Benedic●i & Jacobo Sablyn de Eboraco Iudaeis , gratiam facere volentes specialem , dedimus eisdem licentiam vendendi dilecto Clerico nostro Thomae de Gunes quoddam debitum quadraginta & septem Librarum in quo Thomas de Tausterne de Eyton et Walterus de Rodistan eisdem Mosseo , Josceo et Jacobo tenentur per Cartas suas . Dedimus etiam Licentiam eidem Thomae emendi debitum illud a Judaeis in forma Provisionis supra-dictae . In Cujus , &c. Teste Rege apud Thame 24 die Julii .

The like licences were granted the same year in these Ifsame form to Isaac de Prouyns a Jew of Lincoln , q q Pat. 3. E. 1. m. 17. and to Aaron de la Rye a Jew of London , to sell their respective debts specified in the Licences , to R. Bishop of Bath and Wells ; and to him to buy them , reciting the foresaid Ordinance of Henry the 3. And in the Patent Rolls of 4 E. 1. m. 12. and 22. And in diverse other Patent Rols afterwards in this Kings reign , I find sundry Licences to other Jews to sell their debts therein specified , and to Christians to buy them , all running in the very same form , and reciting the foresaid Ordinance in the self-same Words , which proved very gainfull to the King and his Officers , who would not grant such Licenses gratis .

As the Jews could not assign nor dispose of their own debts to others without the Kings special License and grace , so the King on the other side could dispose of , respite , and release their debts , inquire of and search after them at his pleasure , and grant them to his own Queen , or others , as these Records in 3 E. 1. inform us .

* * Claus . 3. E. 1. m. 13. Pro Alinora Regina Angliae Consorte Regis . Rex Justiciariis suis ad Custodiam Judaeorum assignatis salutem , Cum nuper concessimus carissimae Consorti nostrae Alienorae Reginae Angliae , omnia debita in quibus Norman de Arsy tenebatur quibuscunque Judaeis Regni nostri , & vobis mandaverimus quod dicta debita secundum legem & consuetudinem Iudaismi nostri levari & praefatae Consorti nostrae habere faceretis : ac eadem Consors nostra , debita de quibus dictus Normannus tenebatur Aaroni de la Rye , et Mossaeo de Clare nondum habuerit , ut accepimus . Vobis mandamus quod Cartas praedictas ab Archa Cirograph . extrahi , et cum irrotulatae fuerint reponi , et debita illa secundum Legem et consuetudinem Judaismi praedicti levari , et praefate Consorti nostrae habere , et sic fieri et irro●ulari faciatis . Itaquod praefa●● Consors nostra eisdem Cartis commodum suum facere possit , prout magis viderit expedire . Teste Rege apud Westm. 4 die Julii .

r r Claus . 3. E. 1. m. 23 , De Rotul . Scaccarii Judaismi scrutandis . Mandantum est Justiciariis ad Custodiam Judaeorum assignatis , quod Scrutatis Rotulis de Scaccario Judaismi nostri , Regi sub Sigillo suo ejusdem Scaccarii sine dilatione constare faciant , quibus & quot debitis Willielmus de Appledresfeld tenetur in Judaismo Regis , vel Judaeis suis quibuscunque per Cartas suas , vel alio modo . Et hoc Breve remittant T. R. apud Bellum locum Regis 24 die Ianuar.

s s Ibid. m. ● Pro W. de appledresfeld . Praeceptum est Vicecom. Suthampt. quod demandam quam de dicto Willo . de Appledresfeld fac . per summonitionem Scaccarii Regis de Judaismo pro debitis quibuscunque Regis , vel aliquibus Judaeis Regis solvend . ponat in respectum usque in tres Septimanas , post Festum Purificationis beatae Mariae prox . furtur . Teste ut supra .

t t Ibid. m. 23. Pro eodem Willo . &c. Rex Justiciariis ad Custodiam Judaeorum assignatis salutem . Volentes dilecto & fideli nostro . W. de Appledres . gratiam facere specialem ; Vobis mandamus quod demandam quam ei facitis per breve nostr. Scaccarii nostri de Judaismo pro debitis quibuscunque nobis , vel aliquibus Judaeis nostris solvendis , ponatis in respectum usque in tres septimanas post festum Purif , Beatae Mariae prox . furtur . Ita quod ex tunc de debitis illis respondeat prout de jure & secundum legem Judaismi nostri fuerit faciend. T. R. apud Bellum Locum Regis . 25 die Ian.

These Writs fully manifest the manner of proceedings and respects in cases of Debts and Obligations before the Justices appointed for the Custody of the Jews , in the Kings Exchequer for the Jews .

In this 3 year of King Edward the 1. were the Statutes de Iudaismo made and enacted in Parliament by the King and Nobles , as I u u The first part of my short Demurrer . Edit. 2. p. 35. to 42. have elsewhere proved at large , not in the 18 year of his reign , as Sir * * 2. Instit. p. 506 , 507. Edward Cooke very grosly mistakes , which I shall infallibly evidence by these two Records in 4 E. 1. ( the very next year after their enacting , which I have formerly touched , and shall here transcribe at large ) expresly citing these very Statutes , and awarding execution according to their prescription and words .

y y Claus . 4. E. 1. m. 8. Pro Gamaliele de Oxon. Judaeo Rex Justiciariis suis ad Custodiam Judaeorum assignatis salutem . Ex parte Gamalielis de Oxon. Judaeo London , Nobis est ostensum , quod cum nuper Saero de Geregrave , per diversas Cartas quandam pecuniae summam mutuasset , et idem Saerus qui tunc temporis pro libero habebatur servilis conditionis nunc existens , ut dicitur , omnes terras et tenementa sua quae libere dare , vendere potuit & obligare , ad voluntatem suam , post confectionem praedictarum Cartarum in tantum vendidit diversis Christianis adhuc eadem tenentibus , quod nihil penes ipsum remansit praeter quandam portionem terrae quam nunc tenet in Villenagio , et quam vendere nece alicui obligare potuit , per quod dictus Judaeus de praedicto debito suo minus juste elongatur . Volentes igitur eidem Judaeo ad debitnm suum recuperandum , pro ut justum fuerit subvenire , ita quod in hac parte sibi non fiat injnria . Vobis mandamus , quod licet sic fuerit , quod dictus Saerus terras et ten . quae tempore confectionis praedict. Cart. libere tenuit post illud tempus vendidit , & nunc servilis conditionis extiterit , propter hoc non omittatis quin per Sacramentum . 12 liberorum & legalium hominum , per quod rei veritas melius sciri poterit , et qui nulla affinitate attingunt praedictum Saorum , vel tenentes terras & tenementa praedicta , diligenter inquiri faciatis , quas terras redditus & tenementa dictus Saerus habuit tempore confectionis praedictarum Cartarum , quae tunc aut postea libere dare , vendere & obligare potuit ad voluntarem suam : & qui praedictas terras , redditus & tenementa quae sunt vadium praedict. Judaei pro praedicto debito nunc tenent , & quantum valeant per annum , & quantum quilibet inde tenet . Et tunc inspectis debitis dicti Judaei , ad quantum videlicet se extendunt * * Nota. SECUNDUM STATUTA NOSTRA IUDAISMI , omnes quos praedictarum terrarum , reddit : et tenementer . quae idem Saerus libere 〈…〉 potui● tempore praedicto , ut praedictum est , et quae sunt vadium ipsius J●dai , per praedictam Inquisitionem tenentes inveneritis in quorum manibus existant , distringi faciatis ; viz. tam praefatum Saerum si aliquam liberam terram teneat , quam alios singulatim , pro portione ipsum de praedicto debito contingen●e eidem Judaeo solvend . Et si idem Saerus aut aliquis Christianus de praedictis tenentibus aliquod Sta●rum acquietantiae , vel recepti de praedicto Judaeo ostendere poterit , illud eidem faciatis allocari . T. R. apnd West . 6. die Junii .

z z Claus . 4. E. 1. m. 11. Pro Gamaliele de Oxon Judaeo . Rex Thesaurario et Baronibus suis de Scaccario , et Wil●ielmo de Middleton salu●em . Cùm Secundum Assisam et * * Nota. Statuta Iudaismi nostri , Judaei nostri in Regno nostro habere debeant a Christianis debitoribus medietatem terrarum redituum et Catallorum suorum quousque debita sua perceperint , ac Willielmus de Lascel de Oteringham qui Gamalieli de Oxon Judaeo per plures et diversas Cartas in centum et quinquaginta Libris et amplius tenetur , non habeat terras aut tenementa in quibus distringi possit , nisi viginti libras , quas Johannes fil . Mart. de Oteringham ei debet , et centum solid●s et duodecim quarteria frumenti annui redditus percipiend . à dicto Johanne ad terminum vitae ipsius Will . Volentes praefato Iudaeo ad debita sua praedicta recuperanda subvenire , Vobis mandamus quod si ita est , tunc praedicto Judaeo * * Nota. Secundum Statutum praedictum , habere facias medietatem dictarum 20 librarum ; et medietatem dictorum centum solidorum , et 12. quarter : frumenti per annum quousque dictus Iudaeus * * Nota. Iuxta Statutum Nostrum de Iudaismo editum debitum suum perceperit antedictum . Et nolumus quod praedict. Willielmus possit dare , vendere , vel alienare medietatem dictarum 20 librarum , nec medietatem dicti annui redditus quousque dict. debitum praefato Judaeo plenarie per solvatur , T. Rege apud Westm. 14 die Maii.

In these two memorable Records Anno 4 E. 1. wee have an expresse recital of the Statute de Iudaismo no less than 4 several times , not only in words and substance , but by name , by these various stiles . Statuta nostra Iudaismi , Statuta Iudaismi nostri ; Secundum Statutum praedictum ; Juxta Statutum nostrum de Iudaismo editum . Therefore beyond all contradiction this Statute could not be first made in the 18 year of King Edw: the 1. as a a 2 Instit. p. 506. 507. Sir Edw Cook most confidently affirms 3. or 4. several times in his slight Commentary upon it ( being 14 years after these Records , which could not recite and command execution upon it , so long before its making ) but in the 3d. year of his reign , as I have fully evinced elsewhere , both by Histories , reasons , and a brief touch of these Records ; which mistakes with others forecited , I doubt not but himself would have publiquely retracted had he been living , upon my clear discoveries of them , which I now presume will henceforth mislead no persons since his decease , as they have done most heretofore .

This stumbling block of his touching the true date of the Statute de Iudaismo being removed , I shall proceed to other Records of the same year , pertinent to my Subject .

b b Claus . 4. E. 1. m. 7. Pro Benedicto de Winton Judaeo . Rex Iusticiariis suis ad Custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis , salutem . Quia accepimus , quod Dominus Henricus Rex Pater noster habere solebat in Scaccario suo Iudaeorum quendam Iudaeum intendentem Officio Escaetariae de tenementis et catallis quae ad ipsum Patrem nostrum accidere debent per mortem vel transgressionem Iudaeorum , vel quacunque alia ratione . Et quod Nos nullum Iudaeum seu alium habemus nec habuimus post mortem ejusdem Patris nostri qui Officio praedicto intendat , propter quod damnum non modicum hactenus sustinuimus , ut accepimus . Nos indempnitati nostrae prospici volentes in hac parte , assignavimus Benedictum de Winton Iudaeum ad Officium praedictum exequendum in forma praedicta . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod accepto ab eodem Sacramento corporali , quod fideliter se habebit in Officio praedicto quamdiù steterit in eodem , ipsum Benedictum ad Officium illud admittatis in forma praedicta , T. Rege apud Westm. xix die Iulii .

In this Record we have both the Office , Oath and imployment of the Kings Escheator of the Jews expressed to the full , which no Histories or Law-books mention . In the same Roll and Membrana there is this ensuing record , reciting the Kings authority to release or assign the Jews Debts at his pleasure , and the Tallages imposed on them which were some times satisfied by Bills .

c c Claus . 4. E. 1. m. 7. Pro Magistro Elia , &c. et Gamal . Judeis London . Rex Justiciariis suis ad Custodiam Judaeorum assignatis salutem . Cum celebris memoriae Dominus Hen: Pater noster dudum in recompensationem arreragiorum quae restabant reddenda Philippo de Arcy de annuo feodo viginti Librarum quod à dicto Patre nostro dudum recipere consuevit , et quae idem Philipp●s dicto Patri nostro ex toto remisit , pardonavit eidem Philippo quoddam debitum centum librarum quod debuit Magistro Elye fil . Magist . Mossei et Gamelino Judaeis London , et quoddam debitum viginti librar : quod debuit eisdem Iudaeis de annuo feodo : et idem Pater noster vobis mandavit , quod eundem Philippum de praedict: debitis quietum esse et Cartas per quas dictis Iud●is tenebatur in debitis praedictis ei restitui , et eisdem Judaeis in Tallagiis suis vel aliis debitis quae Dom. Patri nostro debuerunt praedicta debita allocari faceretis , sicut per inspectionem Rotulorum Cancellariae praedict. Patris nostri Nobis constat , & quaedam pecuniae summa de praedict. feodo vigint . librarum praedict. Iudaeis adhuc restat allocanda : Vobis mandamus , sicut alias mandavimus , quod eisdem Iudaeis id quod adhuc restat allocand : in hac parte in Tallagio suo super ipsos assesso tempore nostro , vel in debitis si quae nobis debent , allocatis . T. R. apud Estwode 13 die Julii .

William Middleton one of the chief Collectors of the Jews Taxes and Arrears in this Kings reign , was so imployed in keping the Records of the Common-pleas this year , that he could not well attend his Collectors office , which occasioned these iusuing writs to discharge him from this Office , and for others to execute it , and for him to deliver up the keys , writs , and rolls of them and the Jews to others imployed therein .

d d Pat. 4 E. 1. m. 9. Pro Will . de Middleton . Rex dilecto Clerico suo Wil : de Middleton salutem . Advertentes quod vos Officio Custodiae Rotulorum nostrorum coram Justiciariis nostris de Banco taliter estis onerati , quod levationem arreragiorum Tallagii Judaismi nostri , vel Vicessimae Nobis concessae commode vacare non potestis , et volentes Breve exhonerationis in hac parte providere , vos ab Officio levationis arreragiorum praedictorum tenore praesentium duximus absolvend : In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Westm: 23 die Julii .

e e Pat. 4. E. 1. 14. De Clavibus Vicessim . & Tallagii Judaeorum liberandis . Rex dilecto Clerico suo Wil : de Middleton salutem . Advertentes quod vos ex Custodia Rotulorum et Breuium nostrorum , ac aliorum Instrumentorum placit : Banci nostri Westmon . tangentium , quae vobis custodiend : commissimus taliter estis onerati , quod examinat : collectionis vicessimae nostrae cum dilecto Clerico nostro Nicolao de Castro vel collect : et levat : Tallagii nostri Judaeorum Justiciariis nostris ad Custod : Judaeorum assignatis , diutius absque dampno vacare non potestis . Nos vestri exonerationi volentes in hac parte provideri , Vobis mandamus , quod Claves quas de praedicta vicessima , et de praedicto Tallagio penes vos habetis , liberetis Baronibus nostris de Scaccario , ut ipsi claves illas aliis , qui de praedictis Officiis fideliter se intromittant committere possint , prout ad opus nostrum viderint expedire . In cujus &c. T. Rege apud Westmon . 23 die Julii .

f f Pat. 4. E. 1. m. 9 De R●●ulis & Brevibus Judaismi liberandis . Manndatum est , Wil : de Middleton , quod Rotulos & Brevia Judaismi Regis liberet Ade de Wynton : custodiend : quamdiu Regi placuerit . Et hoc nuslatenus omittat : In cujus , &c. T. Rege apud Westm . 9 die Junii .

You have frequently heard before of the publick Chests of the Jews Writings and Charters , wherein they were all reserved , for the searching of which for several ends either to ascertain the King of their estates , or to deliver up stars and obligations in them that were really satisfied to the parties bound in them , or to search for and take out their particular writings and debts upon every occasion , we have several Presidents in sundry Rolls , especially in this 4 year of King Edward the 1. three whereof I shall only recite .

g g Pat. 4. E. 1. m. 11. De Cirograph . Judaeorum London . Scrutandis . Rex dilectis & fideliibus suis Gregorio de Rokesly , Barthol . de Castello , & Radulpho de Broghton salutem . Sciatis quod assignavimus vos ad Archas Cirograf , Judaeorum nostrorum London scrutandas , & ad Cartas quas quietas inveneritis & de hoc vobis veraciter constiterit ab eisdem Archis extrahendas , & in quadam alia cista per se , & ad alias Cartas nomine Christianorum bellicatas , & nondum quietatas in alia cista per se , & ad alias Cartas in quibus debita clara consistunt , in tertia cista per se reponendas . Ita quod cistae illae sigillis vestris sigillentur , et salvo custodiantur donec aliud inde praeciperimus . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praedista faciatis in forma praedicta . In cujus &c. T. R. apud Odiham 6 die Augnsti .

h h Pat. 4. E. 1. m. 25. De Archis Judaeorum Colcestriae aperiendis et scrutandis , et alibi . Rex dilectis sibi in Christo Abbati de Colcest . et Walt. de Essex salutem . Sciatis quod assign . vos ad Archas Cirograf . Judaismi nostri Colcest . et Suthbiry aperiend . et ad scrutand . & examinand Cartas ad omnia debita in Archis illis inventa , et ad omnia illa irrotulandae , et ad plenum scrutinium inde faciend. et ad omnia ea nobis aperte et distincte sub sigillis vestris referenda . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos dies quos ad hoc provideritis , Arch. praedict as aperiatis , et Cartas , et omnia debita in eis inventa diligenter scrutemini , et facto scrutinio illo diligenter illa irrotuletis , et Archis illis sic secure reclusis , eas sigillis vestris sigilletis , Ita quod non aperiantur , donec aliud inde duxerimus Ordinandum . Proviso insuper , quod nullas Cartas extra easdem Archas existentes ponatis in easdem , nec aliquas infra easdem Archas existentes , ab eisdem extrahatis , vel aliquo modo extrahi permittatis . Et si quas ●artas in in anibus Cirografforum nostrorum inveneritis extra Archas illas , eas per se irro●ulari , et in securo loco reponi facia●is . In cujus rei , &c. T. Rege apud Turr. Lond. 27 die Novembr .

Eodem modo assignatur Rogerus de Northwode una cum aliquo alio fideli Regis quem sibi associaverit ad aperiendas Archas Cirograf . Judaismi Regis Cantuar.

Eodem modo assign . Robertus de Ludham et Willus . Gerebert . ad aperiendas Archas Cirograf . Judaismi Regis Winton , Oxon. et de Devisis .

Eodem modo assign . Nicholaus de Stapleton et Abbas sanctae Mariae Eborum , ad aperiend . Archas Cirograf . Judaismi Regis de Ebor.

Eodem modo assign . Prior Sanctae Katerinae extra Lincoln , et Robertus de Blund . ad aperiendas Archas Cirograf . Judaismi Regis Lincoln & Stainford .

Eodem modo assign . Abbas Sancti Augustini Bristol , et . Bartholm . le Ieovene Constabularius Castri de Bristol . ad aperiend . Archas Cirograf . Judaismi Bristol .

Eodem modo assignatur Bartholomeus de Suthleye , una cum aliquo alio fideli , ad aperiend . Arch. Cirograf . Judaismi Wigorn. In cujus , &c. Teste ut supra .

i i Pat. 4. E. 1. m. 36. De Archis Judaeorum Norwici scrutandis , et aperiendis et alibi . Rex dilecto sibi in Christo Priori Norwici , et dilecto Clerico suo Willielm . de Middleton salutem . Sciatis quod assignavimus vos ad aperiend . Archam Cirograf . Judaismi nostri Norwici , et ad scrutand . et examinand Cartas , et omnia debita in illa Archa inventa , et omnia debita illa irrotulanda , et ad plenum scrutinium inde faciend. et ad omnia ea nobis distincte et aperte sub sigillis vestris referenda . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod ad certum diem quem ad hoc provideatis , Archam illam aperiatis , et Cartas , & omnia debita in eadem inventa diligenter scutemini , et facto scrutinio illo , praemissa omnia irrotuletis , et Archa illa secure reclusa , eam sigillis vestris sigilletis . Ita quod non aperiatur donec aliud inde duxerimus Ordinandum . Proviso , quod nullas Cartas extra eandem Archam existentes ponatis in eandem , nec aliquas ibidem inventas ab eadem extrahatis vel aliquo modo extrahi permittatis . Et si quas Cartas in manibus Cirograf . nostrorum extra Archam illam inveneritis eas per se irrotulari , et in securo loco reponi faciatis . In cujus , &c. apud Turr. London . 24 die Novembris .

Eodem modo assignatur Walt. de Helynn una cum aliquo alio fideli Regis quem sibi assignaverit ad aperiendas Archas Cirograf . Judaismi Regis Hereford et Gloucester .

Eodem modo assignatur Iohannis Wigorn. et Roger de Evesham ad aperiend . Arch. Cirograf . Judaismi Regis Exon. et ad scrutand . ut supra .

Eodem modo assignatur Hugo de Stapleford , una cum aliquo alio fideli Regis , quem sibi associau . ad aperiendas Archas Cirograf . Judaismi Regis Huntindon , Bedford , Northampt. & Oxon.

Eodem modo assignatur Prior de London et Willielmus de Stirkeslegh . ad aperiend . Archas Cirograf . Judaismi Regis . Lincoln et Stainford . In cujus , &c. Tese ut supra .

I have rehearsed all these Patents and Commissions at large , because they vary some thing from each other in form , prescribe general and universal searches of the Jews common Chests and Writings , and manifest , how and where they were dispersed into most of the chief Cities and Towns of England , and where they had Chests , more exactly then most other Records .

This year there falling out some difference between the Jews and the Sheriff of Oxford who had the Custody and Regulation of the Oxford Jews , thereupon at the Jews procurement there issued forth this Patent to the Mayor and Bayliffs of Oxford to keep the peace between the Sheriff and them , and to have the Protection and Government of them till the next Parliament .

k k Pat. 4. E. 1. m. 12. Pro ▪ Custodia Judaeorum Oxon. Rex Majori ad Ballivis suis Oxon. salutem . Cum ad occasionem turbationis inter Vici : nostrum Oxon. & Judaeos nostros ejusdem Villae jam exortae , sicut dicitur tollendam , et ad pacem in Judaismo nostro , ibidem quietius conservandam , assignavimus vos ad Custod . Judaeorum nostrorum ejusdem villae usque ad Parliament . nostrum post instans fest: Sancti Michaelis : Vobis mandamus qnod sicut de vestra diligentia et fidelitate specialiter confidimus custodiae illi diligenter intendatis . Ita quod Pax nostra in Iudaismo praedicto , et in aliis quae statum ipsorum Judaeorum in eisdem partibus tangunt , vestro mediante ●nvamime et Consilo bene et inviolabiter conservetur . Mandavimus enim Vicecomiti nostro praedicto quod ad informationem status ipsorum Iudaeorum non praesumat aliquid attemptare , nec de eisdem in aliquo interim se intromittat . In cujus , &c. Teste Rege apud Windsore 31 die Julii .

King Edward the 1. in the 5 year of his reign appointed Commissioners to impose a Tax upon all the Commonalty of the Jews throughout England , whose names and authority are thus expressed in a Commission granted to them for this end .

* * Pat 5. E. 1. m. 13. De Judaeis Talliandis See Rot. Finium 5. E. 1. Rex dilectis et fidelibus suis Ioh. de Cobham , et Phil. de Wileby et Wil. de Middl. salutem . Sciatis quod dedimus vobis potestatem obligandi universos et singulos Judaeos regni nostri , secundum quod vos vel duo vestrum videritis expedire . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod vos omnes , vel duo vestrum , omnes predictos Judaeos tallietis , secundum quod ad opus nostrum melius videritis expedire . In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Windsore , 30 die Maii.

Hereupon all the Jews were summoned from all parts up to London to be taxed , and thereupon all Inquisitions against them during their attendance there upon this occasion & afterwards were suspended , unless by special command of the King or his Justices for the Iews , or these Commissioners , and those to be made both by Christians and Iews , as was anciently accustomed , as this Writ doth evidence , issued soon after .

* * Claus . 5. E. m. 4. pro Judaeis Oxon. Rex Vicecomiti Oxon. cum assignavimus quosdam fideles nostros London , ad Tallagium super communitatem Judaeorum nostrorum Angliae assidend : per quod oportet Iudaeos nostros Oxon ibidem interesse ad mandatū fidelium nostrorum praedictorum . Tibi praecipimus quod Inquisitiones aliquas super dictos Iudaeos dum ibidem fuerint , vel postquam inde redierint non facias , sine mandaeto nostro , vel dictorum fidelium nostrorum , seu etiam Iusticiariorum nostrorum ad Custod : Iudaeorum assignat : & hoc per Christianos & Iudaeos sicut temporibus aliorum Vicecom. ibidem fieri consuevit . T. Rege apud Beckell , 22 die Iunii .

These incessant heavy annual Taxes arbitrarily assessed on the Jews without intermission by Aegyptian Taxmasters so impoverished many of them , that they were unable to pay them , and thereupon all their goods and debts , were seized to satisfie them , so far as they would reach , leaving them only a bare subsistance , & the residue respited to be annually paid ; as this record informs us .

* * Claus . 5. E. 1. m. 6. Pro Mosseo de Clare . Judaeo . Rex Insticiariis suis ad Custod . Iudaeorum assignatis salutem . Quia ex testimonio fide dignorum accepimus , quod Mosseus de Clare Iudaeus , tam pro Tallagio nostro super ipsum assesso , quam pro aliis debitis quae nobis solvit post adventum nostrum in Angliam , non sufficit ad residua debita in quibus nobis adhuc tenetur , tam de tempore Domini Regis Henrici patris nostri , quam nostro , nobis ad praesens solvend : Vobis mandamus , quod scrutatis rotulis de Iudaismo nostr● de debitis in quibus Nobis tenetur ad Scacc : Judaismi nostri praedicti , de debitis suis usque ad summam praedictum debitorum ad opus nostrum in recompensationem eorundem capiati● vel sibi juxta quantitatem catallorum suorum in Archa Cirografforum Iudaeorum exeuntem rationabiles terminos ad quos d●bita illa solvere possit ; salva sibi et familiae suae sustentatione sua assignari faciatis , et catalla sua ea occasione in manum nostram capta sibi interim restituifaciatis . Test●meipso apud Windsore 28 die Maii.

If the rich wealthy Jews in foreign parts have a desire to be impoverished and fleeced of all their wealth by uncessant arbitrary annual Taxes imposed on them at the Assessors pleasures , let them now come into England for that purpose , where they shall find persons more skilfull and powerfull to tax and excise them now every moneth or two , then those who taxed these their Ancestors only once a year , till they have scarce a subsistence left them .

The Jews Usury being totally suppressed to please the Christians by the Statute de Judaismo , the King to enable them to pay their Taxes , and subsist , granted general Licenses to them to exercise merchandizing according to that * * Cap. 8. See . The first part of my Demurrer , Edit , 2. p. 40. Statute , as this Record demonstrates .

* * Patent . 5 E. 1. m. 13. Pro Judaeis Angliae . Rex omnibus ad quos , &c. salutem . Cum propter Inhibitionem quam ad commoditatem Christianorum de Usuris & poenis Judaismi nostri Nuper fieri fecimus . Concessimus , quod Judaei regni nostri Merchandi●as legales exercere valeant in eodem regno Iuxta formam Statuti inde de Consilio nostro provis● . Volumus & concedimus , quod Magister Elyas , 〈◊〉 . Magistri Mossei , Cresseus fil . ejusdem Elie , & Aaron fil . Vynes Judaei nostri London , hujusmodi Merchandisas exerceant in regno praedicto ; et quod debitores suos qui eisdem Judaeis per scripta vel alio modo legitime obligati fuerint , ad mercandisas , et alia quae eis rationabiliter debuerint soluenda per Jnsticiarios ad custod : Judaeorum assignatos distringantur , secundum legem & consuetudinem Regni nostri . In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Windsore 30 die Maii.

By this Record of 5 E. 1. it is most apparent , that the Statute de Iudaismo , prohibiting Usury to the Jews , and enabling them to exercise Merchandise , was not made in 18 E. 1. as is erroniously affirmed by Sir Edward Cook being 13 years after this Patent , which twice precisely mentions it , in these words , Inhibitionem quam , &c. nuper fieri fecimus ; and Juxta formam Statuti inde de Consilio nostro prouisi : but in the 3 year of his reigne , scarce two years before it : as I have here formerly manifested by two other records in 4 E. 1. the very next year after it . And it is likewise evident by this record , that the banishment of the Jews Usury out of England by this Statute , did not cause them voluntarily ro banish themselves out of England , as he grosly asserts , since they continued here 15 years after , notwithstanding all their Usury was suppressed .

In this last Patent the King seemes to speak to the Jews with Iacobs Voice , but in the very first Patent concerning them the next year after he discovers his Esau's hands , imposing an heavy Taxe upon their decayed estates with greatest rigor in the exacting of ir , witness this memorable Commission to their Aegyptian Task-masters , which I fear some now of late do imitate , even towards their English Christian Brethren .

* * Patent . 6 E. 1. m. 8. De Tallagio assidendo super Communitate Judaeorum Angliae . See Rot. Finium . 6. E. 1. Rex dilectis & fidel : suis Fratri Josepho de Chancy Priori Hospit . Sancti Johannis Jerusalem in Anglia ; Waltero de Helynn , Johanni de Cobham , & Philippo de Willeby salutem . Sciatis quod assignavimus vos ad assidendum quoddam Tallagium super Communitatem Iudaeorum nostrorum ad opus nostrum , quàm citius et commodius videritis expedire , et prout vobis in●unximus viva voce . Dantes vobis potestatem praedictum Tallagium de bonis , catallis , et debitis praedictorum Judaeorum levandi , et nomine nostro adnuandi : nec non et hujusmodi Iudaeos , qui in hac parte Rebelles fuerint Per Exilium et Abjurationem Regni , Nota. si necesse fuerit compellendi ad dictum Tallagium , pro proportionibus ipsos contingentibus Nobis fine Difficultate qualibet persolven● . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod praemissa faciatis informa praedicta . Teste Rege apud Windsore 15 die Iulii .

Et mandatum est universis et singulis Iudaeis infra regnum Angliae constitutis quod eisdem Josepho , Waltero , Johanni , et Philippo in praemissis intendentes sint , et respondentes in forma praedicta . In cujus , &c. Teste ●t supra .

We may perceive by this Commission how intollerably the poor Jews were taxed and fleeced by the Kings Tax-masters every year , and what rigorous penalties and assessments were extorted from them ; yet neither these heavy , uncessant annual Tallages , nor the banishment of their Usury by the forementioned Statute would expel or force them hence , before a direct Edict of Parliament and Proclamation for their exile by a set day , under pain of hanging ( some years after this enjoyned banishment and abjuration to such as refused to pay this Tallage ) ferretted them all ou● of England .

In the 7th year of King Edward the first , I find this memorable Writ , Proclamation and Edict of his to his Justices , for the inhibiting and punishing the Blasphemies of the Jews ( then frequent ) against Christ crucified , and the faith of Christ Jesus , with loss of Life and Member , with other strict Orders for preventing their Apostacyes and propagation of their Jewish Rites , and all communion betwixt them and Christians , worthy our special observation .

l l Clau●● . E. 1. m. 6. ● De Judaei● . Rex dilectis 〈◊〉 fidelibus suis Stephano de Pentecester , Waltero de Helynn , & Johanni de Cobham Iusticiariis suis ad Placita Transgressionum Monetae audienda et terminanda assignatis , et dilecto Clerico suo Philippo de Wylegheby salutem . Quia datum est Nobis intelligi , Quod quidam Judaei Regni nostri fidem Catholicam et Sacra Ecclesiastica hactenus diversimode Blasphemare non formidarunt , nec adhuc formidant , in Divini nominis contumeliam , et totius Christianae profefsionis opprobrium . Nos hujusmodi Blasphemias sicut Principem Catholicum decet reprimi cupientes ; Volumus , Quod nullus Iudaeus taliter de caetero blasphemare praesumat : videlicet , aliquod erronenm , detestabile aut abhominabile dicendo vel faciendo in Blasphemia Crucifixi , fidei Catholicae , seu beatissimae matris Mariae Virginis , seu Ecclesiasticorum Sacramentorum . Volumus etiam , quod hoc per omnia loca Regni nostri in quibus Iudaei morantur publice proclamatur : et ne aliquis Iudaeus sub periculo Vitae et Membrorum talia facere vel dicere praesumat . Et si quis notorius Blasphemat or inveniatur , ita quod per Inquisitionem per Sacramentum Christianorum bonorum et graviorum inde convinci possit evidenter ; Volumus quod quilibet talis puniretur secundum quod in hujusmodi casibus alias fieri consuevit .

Idem fiat de ipsis qui aliquando ad fidem Catholicam conversi , baptisati fuerunt , et postmodum ad Iudaicam pravitatem perversi , ab eadem fide Apostatare praesump●erint .

Volumus etiam quod Mulieres Iudeae de caetero portant signa in superiori veste sicut Iudaei Mares .

Et quod Iud●i de caetero nullos habeant servientes Christianos mares aut foeminas secum in quibuscunque obsequi●s commorantes , nec in domibus propriis , nec aliis in Civitatibus , aut locis allis ubi morantur , set ipsi Iudaei sibi invicem in omnibus sibi serviant et ministrent : Et hoc ubique precipiatur tam Christianis quam Iudaeis sub gravi forisfactura nostra .

Volumus etiam quod omnes Christiani qui pignora sua inter bona Iudaeorum dampnatorum inventa redimere voluerint , hujusmode pignora per testes fideles et bone famae probent esse sua , et ea per certa signa et indicia describant , & hujusmodi Testibus eatenus credatur quatenus ipsis majoris vel minoris famae esse constiterit . Et si fortè pignora illa sua esse per testes probare non possint , eo quod testes defuncti vel absentes sunt , ita quod eos habere non possint , vel quia secrete et absque testimonio impignorata fuerunt , tunc ad pignora illa recuperanda sufficiat tantummodo Sacramentum ipsorum , quorum illa existunt , dum tamen pignora illa certis signis et indiciis describant sicut praedictum est . Et hoc propter lapsum anni a tempore impignorationis hujusmodi nullatenus omi●tatur . Volumus insuper , quod omnes illi qui per Testes fide dignos probare possint debita sua pro snis pignoribus persolvisse , et pignora illa propter certam aliquam rationem per ipsos coram vobis ostendam , aut propter maliciam ipsorum Iudaeorum ab eisdem Iudaeis non recipisse , ad iteratam solutionem debitorum illorum faciendam nullatenus compellantur , & testibus illis credatur juxta famam personarum , additis testibus aliis si necesse fuerit juxta discretionem vestram . De libris autem apud Oxon impignoratis volumus quod nullum fiat judicium usque ad Festum omnium sanctorum prox : futurum .

Volumus etiam quod per Civitates , Burgos , Villas mercatorias et alias publice proclametur , ne quis bona Iudaeorum dampnatorū , seu dam●nandorū recipiat , seu jam recepta celet vel occultet , sedea Nobis restituet citra Fest: beati Petri ad vincula prox : futur : Alioquin Nos versus ipsos tanquam ad caelatores et occultatores Thesauri regni graviter capiemus . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod omnia praedicta fieri et firmiter observari faciatis in forma praedicta . T. Rege apud Westmon . x. die Maii.

Consimiles Literae diriguntur . Barth : de Sutlegh , Will : de beof , & Ade de Boteler , & Ioh: de Fauconer .

Consimiles Literae Breve diriguntur . Ioh. Beks , Alex : de Kirketon , & Ranulpho de Dacre , & Hugoni de Kendale .

In this 7th year of King Edw. the 1. ( as our Historians m m The first part of the Demurrer , Edition 2. p. 41. 42. elsewhere cited record ) there was a Parliament held at London , principally to inquire after the great clipping and falsifying of the Kings coin , and prevent it for the future ; during this Parliament most of the Jews throughout England were apprehended , and hundreds of them by several Inquests , found guilty before the Justices ( mentioned in these Writs ) specially appointed for that end , for clipping counterfeiting , and corrupting the Kings money , whereof 294 Jews in London alone were convicted and soon after executed , and multitudes more of them in other places throughout the Realm ; which occasioned these Writs and Proclamations ( made most probably by advice of the Parliament , and approved by it , ) to be issued forth and put in execution for the just punishment of the blasphemous Jewish Malefactors , and better discovery of their concealed confiscated estates for the Kings greater advantage and likewise for relief of such sub●ects who had any pawns or goods in the then condemned Iews possession . As those Iews who were legally convicted for clipping and corrupting the Kings coyne , were executed for it in all places ; so many more of them were accused , imprisoned for the same crime , much oppressed , maligned generally by the people , and inforced to make fines and ransomes to the King , and the houses and estates of those who were executed sold & strickt inquiry made after all concealments of their estates , as the last , & these ensuing Records will at large inform us , far better than any of our Historians . I shall begin with that which is most large .

* * Claus . 7. E. 1. m. 7. De fine recipiendo a Iudaeis . Rex dilectis , et fidelibus suis Stephano de Pentecester , Waltero de Helynn , et Ioh. de Cobham Justiciariis ad placita Transgressionis Monerae audienda , salutem . Quia omnes Judaei nuper rectati , et per certam suspicionem indictate de retonsura monetae nostrae , & inde convicti cum ultimo supplicio puniuntur ; & quidam eorum eadem occasione , omnia bona et catalla sua satisfecerunt , et in prisona nostra liberantur , in eadem ad voluntatem nostram detinendi . Et cum accepimus quod plures Christiani ob odium Judaeor . propter discrepantiam fidei christianae , Nota. et ritus Judaeorum , et diversa gravamina per ipsos Judaeos christianis hactenus illata , quosdam Judaeos nondum rectatos in indictatos de transgressione monetae , per leves et voluntarias accusationes accusare et indictare de die in diem nituntur , et proponunt , impouentes eis ad terrorem ipsorum , quod de hujusmodi transgressione culpabiles existunt super ipsos Judaeos faciendae et sic per minas hujusmodi accusationis , ipsis Iudaeos metu incutiant , et pecuniam extorqueant ab eisdem ; Ita quod ipsi Judaei super hoc ad legem suam saepe ponuntur in vitae suae periculum manifestum . Volumus quod omnes Iudaei qui ante primum diem Maii proxim . praeterir . indictati , vel per certam suspicionem rectati non fuerunt de transgressione Monetae predictae , et qui facere voluerint finem juxta discretionem vestram , ad opus nostrum facere pro sic , quod non occasionentur , de hujusmodi transgressionibus factis ante primum diem Maii propter novas accusationes christianorum post eundem diem inde factas non molestentur , sed pacem inde habeant in futurum . Proviso , quod Iudaei indictati , vel per certam suspicionem rectati de hujusmodi transgressione ante praedictum diem Maii , judicium subeant coram vobis , juxta formam prius inde ordinatam & provisam . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod fines hujusmodi capiatis , et praemissa fieri , et observari faciatis in forma praedicta . Teste Rege apud Cantuar. 8 die Maii.

Consimiles Literae diriguntur Barthol . de Sulley et Sociis suis justiciar . ut supra . T. Rege , ut supra .

Consimiles Literae diriguntur Iohan. Beks et sociis suis Iusticiariis , ut supra , T. Rege , ut supra .

* * Claus . 7. E. 1. m. 7. Rex dilect . et fidel. suis Stephano de Pentecester , Walt. de Helynn , & Ioh. de Cobham Justiciar . ad placita Monetae audiend . et terminand . assignatis salutem , Quia Omnes Judaei nuper rectati , et per certam suspicionem indictati , de retonsura Monetae nostrae et inde convicti , cum ultimo supplicio puniuntur , et quidam eorum eadem occasione , omnia bona et catalla sua forisfecerunt , et in prisona nostra liberantur , in eadem ad voluntatem nostram detinendi . Volumus quod omnes illi Judaei qui bona et catalla sua forisfecerunt ut praedict. est , et qui in prisona nostra ea occasione detinentur , et qui pro deliberatione corporum suorum finem facere voluerint vobiscum ad opus nostrum , hujusmodi finem juxta vestram discretionem facere possint . Et quod mulieres Judeae , quae fuerunt uxores Judaeorum dampnatorum , et etiam uxores Judaeorum , quorum bona et catal . forisfact . sunt , et quae habent unde redimi possunt , similit , fin . facere possunt vobisc . ad opus nostr. juxta discretionem vestram , et juxta quantit . bonorum quae viri ●ui habuerunt , et quae nondum inventa , et per eosdem Judaeos occulte deponantur ; et sic per hujusmodi finem a prisona , qua occasione praedict. detinentur . deliberari . Ita quod Judeae pauperes quae fuerunt uxores hujusmodi dampnat , Judeorum , et similiter uxores Judaeorum quae bona et catalla sua forisfecerunt , et quae non habent unde redimi possunt , per vos absque redemptione deliberentur a Prisona . Volumus insuper et mandamus , quod citra festum sancti Ioh. Baptistae de terris et tenementis Judaeorum hujusmodi quae sunt escaeta nostra , diligenter inquiratis in quibuscunque locis existent , et pro quanto vendi possint , et quis plus dare velit pro eisdem , et nobis precium inde citius persolvere . Ita quod inde infra Terminum praedict. ad plenam nos cerciorare possitis . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod fines hujusmodi a dictis Judaeis tam Masculis quam femellis , et omnia praemissa faciatis in forma praedicta . Test . Rege ut supra .

Consimiles literae diriguntur Iohan. Beks , et sociis suis Justiciariis ut supra , T. R. ut supra .

Consimiles literae diriguntur . Barthol . de Suleye et sociis suis Justiciar . ut supra . T. R. ut supra .

Besides these Patents to the Justices , the King then issued forth special Patents and Commissions to divers others , to sell the Houses and Tenements of the coudemned and hanged Jews for his best advantage in this form .

* * Pat. 7. E. 1. m. 1. De Domibus Judaeo . rum suspensorum vendendis . Rex omnibus , &c. salutem . Sciatis quod dedimus potestatem dilectis et fidel. nostris Thomae de Sodyngton , Hugoni de Lendale , et Majori Eborum , ad domos nostras quae sunt escaeta nostra in civitate Eborum et extra , per feloniam quorundam Judaeorum ibid. et alibi nuper suspensorum , et tenementa quorundam aliorum Judaeorum qui se in patriam ponere renuerunt vendendi , et homines inde feoffandi , prout ad opus nostrum magis viderint expedire . Dedimus etiam potestatem dilecto et fideli nostro Hamoni Hauteyn praedict. Hugoni et Thomae fil . Roberti ad hujusmodi domos in Civitate Lincoln , et extra vendendi in forma praedicta . Dedimus etiam potestatem eisdem Hamori , Hugoni , & Gilberto de Cestreton ad hujusmodi domos in Villa Stanford , et extra vendendi in forma praedicta . Dedimus etiam potestatem eisdem Hamoni , Hugoni , & Vicecomiti Warw. ad hujusmodi domos in Villa Warw. et extra vendendi in forma praedicta . Ratum habituri et firmum quicquid praedicti fideles nostri , vel duo eorum in singulis Comitatibus & Villis praedictis nomine nostro duxerint faciendum . Nos enim factum eorum in hac parte per Literas nostras Patentes ratificabimus . In cujus &c. T. Rege apud Westm. 17 die Novemb.

The like Letters Patents and Commission were then issued forth to others , to sell the condemned and executed Jews houses , lands , rents in other places .

* * Pat. 7. E. 1. m. 11. De Potestate vendendi Domus & redditus Judaeo●um dampnatorum . Rex dilecto & fideli suo Willielmo de Braybeof salutem : Sciatis quod dedimus vobis potestatem vendendi omnes terras et redditus Judaeorum dampnatorum pro transgressionibus sibi impositis in locis in quibus vos ad inquirendum de hujusmodi Transgressionibus assignati estis , prout vobis injunximus viva voce , et prout ad opus nostrum magis videbitur vobis expedire . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod hujusmodi domos , terras , et redditus Judaeorum sic dampnatorum vendatis in forma praedicta : Ita quod de Exitibus venditionis illius Nobis respondere possetis ad mandatum nostrum . In cujus , &c. T. Rege apud Brehul : 1 die Aug.

When the Jews had all made fines and ransoms for their Trespasses with the Kings Justices and Commissioners as aforesaid ; then he sent forth a proclamation that they might freely exercise their lawfull Trades , Merchandizes with Christians and one another as formerly , and buy victuals , with other necessaries , and have such communion with Christians as they were wont ; prohibiting any to lay violent hands upon or molest them , as this Record ( with others of the like nature to other Sheriffs ) attests .

* * Claus . 7. E. 1. in Schedula : pro Judaeis Ebor. Mandatum est Vicecomiti Eborum , quod in pleno Comitatu Eborum , et in Civitate praedicta publice proclamari faciat , Quod Judaei ibidem de rebus et mercandisis licitis cum omnibus tam Christianis quam Judaeis libere negociari possint , et victualia , & alia necessaria ab omnibus emere , et inter Christianos conversari , prout premissa facere consueverunt temporibus retroactis . Firtuiter etiam inhiberi f●cias , ne qui in eos manus violentas injiciant , vel alias eis malefaciant contra pacem Regis .

King ●●w●rd the 1. in the 8. year of his reign issued forth these Letters pa●ents following for the sale of all the condemned Jews houses Lands , and Tenements in London , and 14 other several Counties named in them , in all which they had Lands , Tenements and Possessions 〈…〉 small value .

* * Par. 8 E. 1. m. ● 〈…〉 vendendi 〈◊〉 ●erras & 〈…〉 Iudaeorum . 〈…〉 ad quos , &c. salutem . Sciatis quod dedi●●us potesta●em pro vobis & haeredibus nostris , dilecto & 〈◊〉 nostro Waltero de 〈◊〉 vendendi nomine nostro 〈◊〉 domos , terras & tenementa cum pertinentiis , quae fuerunt quo umcunque Iudaeorum , quae ad manum nostram tanquam Escaeta nostra per fo●isfactur am eorundem occasione transgressionum monetam nostram tangentiū devenerunt : videlicet in Civitate London , & Comitatibus Middle . Sussex , Surr. Kanc' Essex . Hertf. Norf. Suff. Cantuar. Hunt . Bucks. Bedf. Oxon. & Berks. Ita quod ipsi qui ea emerint à praefato Waltero ea habeant et teneant sibi et haeredibus suis in perpetuum . In cujus , &c. T. Rege apud Windsore , 28 die Novombris .

As the King sold the Houses of these condemned Jews , so he likewise took into his hands the Debts of the other Jews to satisfie their Debts due unto him for their Taxes , which he levied to his own use , and then allowed them for their arrears .

* * Claus . 8. E. 1. m. 1. Pro ●onamy Judaeo Eborum . Rex Thesaurar . & Baronibus suis de Scaccario , salutem , Sciatis quod cum nuper capi fecerimus in manum nostram quoddam debitum quinquaginta marcarum in quo Robertus de Percy per Cartam suam in Archa Cyrographar : apud Ebor : existenti tenebatur Bonamy de Ebor : Iudaeo : Et quod levari precipimus ad opus nos●rum : Concessimus eidem Iudeo , quod si praedict. debitum ad opus nostrum levatum fuerit , vel in manum nostram captum , sicut praedict: est . Idem Iudaeus pro dicto debito 50 marcarum in recompensationem habeat de 40 marcis in veteribus arreragiis , tallagiis & aliis debitis quae nobis debet ad Scaccarum praedictum . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod si ita est , tunc eidem Iudaeo in hujusmodi veteribus arreragiis , tallagiis , & aliis debitis quae nobis debet ad idem Scaccarium allocationem de praedic●is 40 marcis habere faciatis in recompensatione praedicti debiti 50 ma●carum sicut praedictum est . T. R. a●ud Westm. 13 die Novemb. By which the King got x. marks clear from this Jew , over and above his pretended debt and arrear for which this debt was seized and levied .

King Edward in the 8. year of his reign at the supplication of the Friers predican●s in England , who desired to preach unto the obstinate Jews , thereby to convert them to the Christian Faith , and turn them from their antient errors , blindness and unbelief , procured this notable ensuing Writ and Patent to all his ●heriffs , Bayliffs and other Leige people , commanding them to induce the Jews in all places to resort unto and hear their preaching , without blasphemy or disturbance , at such times and places as these Friers Predicants should direct , &c.

u u Pat. 8. E. 1. m. 27. Ee Praedicando Judaeis . Rex Vicecomitibus et omnibus Ballivis & fidelibus suis salutem . Cum d●lecti nobis in Christo Fratres de Ordine Praedicatorum in Anglia , Judaeis , quorum montes vetustas erroris et perfidiae obnubulat et obcaecat , praedica●e proponunt verbum Dei , quo facilius interveniente gratia Spiritus sancti , ad fidei Catholicae converti valeant unitatē ; & ob hoc dilectus nobis in Christo , Prior Provincialis ejusdem Ordine nobis supplicaverit , ut vobis demus in mandatis , Quod omnes Iudaeos ubicunque locorum in Ballivis vestris conversantes efficaciter moneatis et inducatis , quod in locis ubi vobis de Consilio Fratrnm ipsorum magis expedire videbitur , ad audiendum verbum Dei conveniant , et illus ad eisdem Fratribus absq tumultu , contentione , vel blasphemia , audiant diligenter & benigne . Et si forte Altissimus velamen duritiae a cordibus eorum auferens aliquibus vel alicui ipsorum Iudaeorum gratiam dederit convertendi , quod caeteri Iudaei eis super hoc non impediant , nec per alios impediri procurent . Nos praedi●●um Proposit●m ipsorum ●ratrum attendentes pium et salubre , et precibus predicti Prioris favorabiliter annuentes in hac parte , vobis mandamus , Quod omnes Iudaeos in Ballivis vestris conversantes , ad praemissa facienda efficaciter moneatis , et eos ad hoc modis quibus melius sciveritis inducatis , prout unicuique vestrum inspiraverit Spiritus veritatis . In cujus , &c. quamdiu Regi placuerat duratur . Teste Rege apud Winton . 2 die Jan.

What good effects this zealous , pious project of the Friers preachers , and Patents of the King in pursuit thereof produced in converting any considerable number of the Jews to the Catholick faith , I find not mentioned in Histories or Record , but their universal banishment hence 8. years after , x x See the first Demurrer , Edit. 2. p. 44 , 45. 90 , &c. principally for their infidelity , sufficiently manifests , that all the endeavours then used for their conversion , by drawing them to these Preachers Sermons , and the provisions made by the King for the Converts support hereafter specified , were very successlesse . Wherefore those Zealots and Enthusiasts who so earnestly plead and write for their readmission amongst us now , upon the future probability of their Conversion by their powerfull preaching to , and exemplary conversation amongst them , are like to find no better successe than these preaching Friers then did , and other eminenter Divines than themselves , of late years , and now , do find in foraign parts where the Jews reside : where they may do well now to try what good they can do by preaching and conversing with them abroad , before they practise upon them at home , as these Predicants Friers formerly did without any such successe as they expected .

King Edward the 1 , to promote the Jews conversion , and for their better maintenance & corroboration when converted to Christianity , did this very year by two several Patents grant , That whereas all the estates and goos of the Jews converted to Christianity did of right and custome become forfeited to the Crown , that from thencforth the Jews should injoy the moity of them for their own sustenance , & that the other moity of them should accrew to the house of the Converts , for the better sustentation of the Converts there ; And further granted the moity of all the forfeited estates of the Jews that should any ways accrue unto him , and all Deodands to be distributed in almes amongst the Converts , and imployed towards the maintenance and repair of the Society and house of the Converts ( now the Rolls ) erected by his father , as these two Patents of his this year most fully relate .

p p Pat. 8. E. 1. pars 1. m. 15 dors. Pro sustentatione Judaeorum conversione . Rex Thesaurario , et Baronibus suis de Scaccario , salutem , Quia ad augmentum fidei , et cultus nominis christiani conversionem Judaicae pravitatis ad fidem Catholicam potissime credimus operari , Nos ut illi qui jam a caecitate hujusmodi ad lucem Ecclesiae sunt conversi , in ipsa fidei firmitate roborarentur , et alii qui adhuc in errore illo persistunt , libentius et promptius ad gratiam fidei de caetero convertant ; disposuimus auctore Domino de ipsorum sustentatione salubriter providere . Licet igitur omnia bona et catalla Judaeorum quae convertuntur ad fidem , ad nos plenarie de jure et consuetudine pertinent , volentes tamen eis postquam filii et fideles Ecclesiae sunt effecti , Dei intuitu gratiam facere specialem , medietatem valoris omnium bonorum suorum ubicunque in regno nostro ad sustentationem suam concedimus de dono nostro ; aliam autem medietatem bonor . hujusm . bona etiam et Catal. Judaeor . ex nunc quacunque occasione dampnandorum , una cum bonis et catallis , quorumcunque Judaeorum quae ex quacunque ratione Nobis forisfieri contigerit , nec non et Elemosinam nostram quae Deodanda vocatur ( post tempus concessionis nostrae Fratribus predicatoribus de Elemosina illa facta ) una cum * * That is Pol-mony , or the Fine every Jewish villain paid for the acknowledgement of his slavery to the King . See Spelmans Glossary Cowels Interpreter Chevagium Lambard . Cooks 1 Instit. f. 140. a Bracton l. 1. c. 10. Britton . f. 79. Chevagio Judaeorum nostrorum Angliae , quae omnia colligi , et deferri volumus ad Scaccarium nostrum , ad sustentationem Conversorum et convertendorum qui honestae conversationis extiterint usque ad septennium completum duximus deputanda , eisdem per vos et custodem Principalem domus praedictae plenarie assignanda . Et quia cura domus praedictae aliquo viro discreto , qui continue resideat , et negociis dictae domus personaliter intendat , indigere dignoscitur , volumus , quod ad curam hujusmodi aliquis Presbyter idoneus et discretus dicti custodis arbitrio deputetur , qui capellae nostrae ibidem , cum uno socio Presbytero honesto converso , seu , alio et Clerico seu Clericis sibi necessariis personaliter deserviat ibidem continue residendo , qui redditus praedictae domus collegat , bona etiam et catalla , una cum commemoratis elemosina et chevagio ad dictum Scaccarium recipiat , et hujusmodi conversis et convertendis prociones suas distribuat , et gerat negotia dictae Domus in omnibus tam infra quam extra de consilio custodis praedict. Illi autem conversi qui habiles fuerint ad artificia seu Ministeria secularia addiscenda , volumus quod ad ea decaetero deputentur , per custodem praedictum , et de portionibus suis eisdem ut dictum est assignatis sustententur , donec de Artificiis et Ministeriis suis valeant competenter sustentari ; et extunc praedictae portiones subtrahantur , et ad fabricam et reparationem Capellae nostrae praedictae , vel ad sustentationem aliorum conversorum arbitrio custodis Principalis praedicti assignentur . Proviso etiam , quod bona praedicta quae ultra portiones ad sustentationem conversorum praedictorum assignatas superesse contigerit ad fabricam praedict. Capel . et usus ejusdem necessarios convertantur . Dictus autem Presbyter rationabilem sustentationem suam , et Concapellani sui ac Clerici , seu Clericorum suorum , de bonis et Catallis praedictis percipiet annuatim . Volumus autem , quod ●i in domo praedicta capellanus conversus Idoneus et honestus extiterit , qui capellae nostrae ibidem deserviat , illum retineat in socium , quibuscunque extraneis praefarend . Praefatus etiam Presbyter onera capellae praedictae , tam ordinaria quam extraordinaria sumptibus dictae domus totaliter sustinebit , et de receptis et impensis suis compot um reddat de anno in annum cum vobis ad Scaccar . praedictum , prout rationabiliter fuerit faciendum ; Et ideo vobis mandamus quod medietatem bonorum illorum Judaeorum qui ad fidem amodo se convertent ; bona etiam et catalla Judaeorum quorumcunque ex nunc quacunque occasione dampnandorum , una cum Chevagio Judaeorum Angliae , et elemosina nostra praedicta , quae Deodanda vocatur , statim cum accederint plenarie ac diligenter colligi , et levari faciatis , Et custodi principali praedicto seu Presbytero liberari faciatis , conversis et convertendis praedictis distribuend . in forma predicta , & compotum praedicti Presbyteri de anno in annum inde audiatis , prout superius est expressum . In cujus , &c. Teste Rege apud Westm. 26 die Maii.

The King soon after these Letters Patents to the Treasurer and Barons of his Exchequer , constituted John de Saint Denys Archdeacon of Rochester Custos or Gardian of this house of the Converts , and thereupon directed these Letters Patents to him , agreeing in substance with those to the Treasurer and Barons , which I shall insert at large , as most fully setting forth his Office of any Record I have seen .

* * Pat. 8. E. 8. pars 1. m. 15. Pro sustentatione Judaeorum conversorum . Rex dilecto Clerico suo Johan . de sancto Dionisio Archidiacono Roffens . Custodi Domus conversorum London , salutem . Quia ad aeugmentum fidei , et cultus Nominis Christiani convers●onem Judaicae pravitatis ad fidem Catholicam potissime credimus operari . Nos ut illi qui a caecitate hujusmodi ad lucem Ecclesiae sunt conversi in ipsa fidei firmitate roborentur , et alii qui adhuc in errore illo persistunt libentius et promptius ad gratiam fidei decaetero se convertant ; disposuimus auctore domino , de ipsorum sustentatione salubriter providere . Licet itaque omnia bona & catallae Judaeorum qui conventuntur ad fidem ad Nos plenarie de jure & consuetudine pertinent , Volentes tamen eis postquam filii & fideles Ecclesiae sunt effecti Dei intuitu , gratiaem facere specialem , medi●tatem valoris omnium bonorum suorum ubicunque in Regno nostro , eisdem ad sustentationem suam dono nostro concedimus : aliam autem medietatem bonorum hujusmodi , bona etiam et catalla Judaeorum ex nunc quacunque occasione dampnandorum , una cum bonis et catallis quorumcunque Judaeorum quae ex quacunque ratione nobis forisfieri contigerit , nec non et Elemo sinam nostram , quae Deodanda vocatur ( post tempus concessionis nostrae Fratribus predicatoribus , de elemosina illa facta ) una cum * * Census Capitis or Poll or Headmony . See Statutum de Judaismo , 3 E. 1. c. 4. First part of the Demurrer . Edit. 2. p. 39. Chevagio Judaeorum nostrorum Angliae : quae omnia colligi et deferri volumus ad scaccarium nostrun , ad sustentationem conversorum et convertendorum qui honestae conversationis extiterint , usque ad septennium completum duximus deputanda , eisdem per Thesaurarium et Barones de Scaccario nostro per vos proportionabiliter assignanda . Et ut circa Domus conversorum nostrorum Lond. quo ad praemissa propensius , et cum majori solicitudine pertractetur , Volumus , quod provideatis de aliquo idoneo Presbytero de cujus industria et discretione merito confidend . sit , qui in domo ipsa certinue resideat , et capellae nostrae ibidem cum uno socio capellano honesto et uno vel duobus Clericis personaliter deserviat , redditus ad dictam domum pertinentes colligat , et bona et catalla supradicta ad praedict. Scaccarium nostrum recipiat , ac portiones conversis et convertendis assignatas distribuat , et ad alia neg●cia dictae domus fideliter procuranda , quotiens vos abesse , vel ad hoc personaliter vacari non possetis , de consilio vel ordinatione vestra diligenter intendat , qui etiam rationabilem sustentatationem suam pro se , et socio suo , ac Clerico vel Clericis memoratis , ad servicium capellae necessariis , de redditibus et bonis praedictis recipiat , et de omnibus receptis et misis suis compotum suum reddat coram Thesaurario et Baronibus de Scaccario de anno in annum , secundum quod literis inde dictis Thesaur . et Baronibus directis plenius continetur . Et si in domo praedicta capellanus conversus idoneus et honestus extiterit , volumus quod Presbiter seu Procurator praedictus ipsum prae caeteris in socium retineat ad administrandum unae secum in capella praedicta ; Si qui autem de conversis et convertendis , habiles fuerint ad doctrinam , volumus quod Scolas exerceant : Laici etiam quos ad artificia seu Ministeria secularia addiscenda aptos esse noveritis , adeo decaetero deputentur , ut habeant singuli eorum sustentationes suas de portionibus eisdem de bonis praedictis rationabiliter assignandis . Quod si praedicti Scolares clerici aliquod beneficium Ecclesiasticum adipiscivaleant , de quo sustentationem suam rationabilem habere possint , subtrahantur eis ex tunc portiones praedictae , & eas aliis conversis seu convertendis indigentibus facias assignari . Et hoc idem fiat de Laicis supradictis , quam cito se possint de artificiis seu ministeriis suis sustentationem competentem habere . Proviso inter caetera , quod de redditibus & bonis praedictis quae ultra sustentationem conversorum capellanorum et Ministrorum Ecclesiae superesse contigerit , ad fabricam & ornatum Capellae predictae , & divini cultus augmentum faciatis ibidem Provide deputari . Et si quae in domo praedicta in personis aut rebus corrigenda seu reformanda videritis , ea corrigi & reformari cum omni diligentia facias , prout indempnitati et honestati dictae domus magis videbitis expedire . In cujus &c. T. Reg. apud Westm. 3 die Junii .

Yet all this care and diligence both of the King and Preaching Friers forementioned , made very few Jewish Converts in that age , and those only of the p●●rer sort , rather to get a livelyhood to sustein them in this house , than out of any real affection to Christ or Christianity .

In the Plea Rolls of the Kings Exchequer for the Jews in the 9 year of his reign , I find this Gardian of the House of the Converts suing forth this ensuing Writ for the moity of the goods and chattels of one Belager an Oxford Jew converted to the Chris●ian faith , by vertue of the forementioned Patent : whereupon they were delivered unto him for the use of the House , as the Record it self will more largely expresse .

Placita apud Scaccarium Judaeorum & Termino Pasche , Anno Regis Bdwardi novo part. 7.

* * Pasche 9 E. ● . rot. 7. Johannes de sancto Dionisio Custos Domus conversorum tulit Breve Regis de magno sigillo in haec verba . Edwardus , &c. Justiciariis ad custodiam Judaeorum , &c. assignatis salutem . Ex parte conversorum domus nostrae London . nobis est ostensum , quod cum medietas bonorum & catallorum Jud●orum conversorum sen convertendorum ad fidem Catholicam ad conversos Domus nostrae praedict. ratione concessionis nostrae eis inde factae pertineat , alia medietate illis qui sic a tempore concessionis nostrae praedict. convertunt reservata : ac Belager Judeus Oxon. nuper ad fidem Catholicam se converterit , &c. Thereupon the King commanded that according to his former Charters , the one moiety of the goods should be delivered to the convert for his ●ustentation , and the other moity to the House of the converts . T. Rege apud . Woodstock 25 die Aprilis , An. Regni nostri nono .

Per hoc Breve liberantur eidem Johanni bona & catalla subscripta , videlizet de bonis & catallis praedicti conversorum , viz. vnus liber Prest . Constit : precii 12 d. unus Grecismus precii 6 d. una Legenda precii 10 d. unum Doctrinale magnum precii 1 d. quidam liber Constitutionum precii 4 s. quidam codex , precii 16 s. quoddam insciatum precii 16 s. & e.

In the Plea Rolls of this Term and year ( Pasche 9 E. 1. rot. 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10. ) there are very many actions brought by Jews against Christians , and Christians against Jews , and one Jew against another , and many STARS as well of Grant and Release , as Obligatory and by way of Morgage , pleaded and recited at large , and issues joyned upon them , whether they were their Stars or Deeds , or not , when denied by them to bee their Deeds ; which issues were tried by a Jury of 6. Legal Christians and 6 Jews . Their Starrum and Starra , as they are there stiled , began in this form .

Solomon Judaeus de Stanford cognovit per Starrum suum , &c. that he was obliged to such a one in such a summe , or that he had assigned and granted such a Debt , Starre or Morgage to such a one ; or that he had released such a Debt , Star or Morgage . And in their Stars of Release they added this clause . Et si inveniatur Carta salis , vel obligatio in Archa Cirografforum , vel extra nomine praedicti Solomonis , &c. quod quieta sit , et nil valeat , & quod recognoscit hoc idem sigillo suo . When issue was joyned upon Non est factum , concerning any of their Stars or Deeds , the entry upon the trial by 6 sworn legal Christians and Jews in those Rolls , was usually in this form .

Et Inquisitio inde venit à die Pasche in tres Septim : nunc per Thomam Clinch , Johannem Hubbard , Abraham Sampson &c. et alios probos et legales homines & Iudaeos , ( expressing all their names ) Qui dicunt super Sacramentum suum , quod praedictum STAR : est factum praedicti Solomonis , et litera Ebraica manu sua propria signatum , & quod dictum STARRUM fecit tempore quo habuit liberam administrationem benorum suorum , &c.

I shall transcribe only one of these Records as a Pattern of most of the rest , whereby the form of the Legal Process and Proceedings before the Justices assigned for their Custody , will be more fully manifested to the Readers , together with the forme of their Stars of Release .

s s Pasche 9. E. 1. rot. 4. ● Nor● . scil. Cum Alicia quae fuit Uxor Clementis de Poringland districta fuisset pro xl . s. ad opus Regis de Debito Gente quae fuit uxor Ayey : fil : Deulegin : Eadem Alicia venit , et clamat habere quietantiam de dicto debito per quoddam STARRUM coram : &c. in haec verba . Isaac filius Jurn : et Muriel . Leveske Judaei testantur , quod Gente de Glocest . concedit , quod Alicia quae fuit uxor Clementis de Poringland et haeredes sni quieti sint de ipsa et haeredibus suis de omnibus Demandis Calumniis & Placitis a creatione seculi usque ad Pentecosten Anno Edwardi 4to . Et si aliquis Judaeus , homo vel foemina , quid exigat , vel calumniatur versus praedictam Aliciam occasione alicujus Debiti quod eidem Gente debebat a principio seculi usque ad praedict. festum Pentecost : supradict : Gente eam est acquietare , defendere & warrantizare . Et praedicti Judaei testantur , quod eadem Gente spontanea voluntate hoc recognovit , et quod istud STARR : est factum praedictae Gente , & factum quo tempore habuit liberam administrationem bonorum suorum ; et petit quod inquiratur . Ideo praeceptum est Vicecomiti , quod venire faciat coram Justiciariis sex probos et legales homines Christianos , et sex legales Iudaeos de Civitate Norwic. ad dies , &c. Et quia constat per praedictam Inquisitionem ( upon the trial ) quod praedicta Alicia quieta est de praedicto debito per praedictam STARR : quod est factum ipsius Gente de debito tempore factum , &c. Consideratum est , quod de prēdicto debito xl s. cedat quieta , &c.

The like trial is in Rotulo 5. of this term in dorso . Kanc. Eustachius de Peckham ; and Rot. 6. Suthampt. between Solomon ben-Solomon and others ; with sundry more , overtedious to insert , since I intend not to be a Reporter of all their Cases , but only of the form of their Law proceedings , for which these with the former Instances may suffice .

In the same 9th year of King Edward the 1. I find these Records relating to the Jews in the Clause and Patent Rolls in the Tower of London . The first of them in time , is concerning a fine made with the Kings Commissioners by a Jew , which another Jew undertook to satisfie for him to the King , whereupon there issued this Writ to the Receiver of their goods .

* * Claus. 9 E. 1. m. 7. Pro Aarone fil . Vines Judaeo London . Rex dilecto Clerico suo Philippo de Wyleby Nuper Receptori bonorum Iudaeorum dampnatorum in diversis Comitatibus salutem , Quia Aaron filius Vynes Iudaeus London , manucepit solvere nobis 40 s. in quibus Abraham fil : Elye filii Magistri Mossei Iudaei London , et quinque Marcas in quibus Mosseus fil : Hugonis nobis tenentur pro fine quem nobiscum feceru●t coram dilectis & fidelibus nostris Stephano de Penecestre , & sociis suis tunc Justiciariis nostris ad Placita de Transgressionibus , monetae nostrae andiend : et terminand : assignatis pro Transgressionibus mon●tae . Vobis mandamus , quod praedict. Abraham de praedict. 40 s. et praedict. Mosseum de praedict. 5 marcis quietos esse facias . Et scire facias Justiciariis nostris ad custodiam Iudaeorum assignatis , quod praedict. 40 s. & 5. marc . decidant praefato Aaron in debitis quae eidem Aaroni concessimus in recompensationem cujusdam debiti in quo Galfridus Peche eidem Aaroni tenebatur . Et quod idem Aaron carissimae Consorti nostrae , et Alianorae Reginae Angliae nuper remisit . T. R. apud Westm. 28 die Maii.

The like writ in effect issued for Sarra a Jewesse of London concerning a like Fine the same year , to the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer .

* * Claus . 9. E. 1. m. 3. Pro Sarra de London Judaea . Rex Thes: et Baronibus suis de Scaccario , salutem . Cum Sarra de London Judea Northampt : teneatur nobis in quinque marcis , per quas finem fecit nobiscum coram dilecto Clerico nostro Hugo de Kendale ad hujusmodi fines recipiend : nuper assignat : pro Hak : fil . ejus Judeae , pro quibusdam transgressionibus monetae eidem Hak : impositis , ut dicitur ; ad quarum solutionem bona et catalla ipsius Sarrae ad presens non sufficiant , ut accepimus . Nos paupertati ejusdem Sarrae quae occasione debiti illius in prisona nostra Northampt. detinetur compatientes , et in eo super hoc gratiam facere volentes ; Concessimus eidem Sarrae , quod de illis 5 marcis solvat nobis per annum ad Scaccarium nostrum , viz. ad Scacc. nostrum Pasche prox : futur : unam marcam , et sic de anno in annum ad eundem terminum unam marcam , quousque dictae 5. marcae nobis fuerint persolutae . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod eidem Sarrae terminum illum habere , et sic fieri et irrotulari faciatis : & ipsam Sarram a prisona praedicta , si ea occasione , et non alia detineatur in eadem , sine dilatione deliberari faciatis . Teste Rege apud Winton , 12. die Octobris .

The Jews by the custome formerly used , and the Statute de Iudaismo , could not sell any of their Houses ( no more than their debts ) without the Kings special license first obtained in writing , for which take this president of the foresaid year .

* * Pat. 9. E. 1. m. 5. Pro Samuele de Ebo● . Judaeo . Rex omnibus ad quos , &c. salutem . Sciatis , quod de gratia nostra speciali dedimus licentiam Samueli de Eborum Judaeo London , vendendi cui voluerit quoddam Messuagium suum in Civitae Ebor : quod est in vico de Conyngestreet , inter domum Paulini de Munbray , ex una parte , et domum Ade Verdeuel ex altera : dum tamen idem Sam: messuag : illud ad manum mortuam non ponat , contra formam Statuti nostri . Dedimus etiam licentiam ei qui Messuag : illud ab eodem Samuele emere voluerit illud emendi , prout magis viderit expedire , nisi Messuag : illud fit Escaeta nostra , vel alio modo jus habeamus in eodem . In cujus , &c. Teste Rege apud Winton , 12 die Octobris .

The like Licenses to sell houses I find in other Patent and Clause Rolls .

This year the King to search out all the Debts owing to the condemned Jews or others , sent forth this Commission to search all the Chests of the Jews , and the Stars and writings in them , and to recover all the Debts that were due on them , somewhat different from those formerly granted .

* * Pat. 9. E. m. 1. De Archis Cirograff . Judaismi scrutandis . Rex dil : & fidel. suis Hamoni Hutteyn , Roberto de Ludham , et Magistro Henrico de Bray , salutem . Quia volumus quod omnes Cartae , Starra et munimenta omnia Iudaeorum dampnatorum , et alia quocunque modo ad Nos ratione Iudaismo pertinentia per vos scrutentur , videantur , et tunc transcribantur distinctè et aperte . Ita quod extractae fieri possint inde ad debita illa ad opus nostrum levanda , prout de jure et secundum legem et consuetudinem Scaccarii Iudaismi nostri fuerit faciend. et prout ad opus nostrum magis videritis expedire . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos &c. praemissa fac : in forma praedicta . Et de Cartis , Star●is , munimentis et debitis illis tres R●tulos faciatis , quorum unus liberetur Baronibus nostris de Scaccario ; alter ad Scaccarium Iudaismi nostri , et tertius remaneat in custodia vestra Magistro Henrico nobis liberandus . In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Guildeford 21 die Octobris .

A like Patent to this , with little variation , De Archis Cirographorum aperiendis et scrutandis , &c. I find in the patent Roll of 14 E. 1. m. 20. where all may peruse it at leisure .

This same year the King confirmed the Grant of his D●odands to the House of the Converts in London , towards the repairing of the Chappel and buildings there by this Writ directed to his Justices it inerant .

* * Claus . 9. E. 1. m. 1. Pro Conversorum Domo London de Deodandis . Rex Justiciariis itinerantibus in Com. Lincoln . salutem . Cum nos dudum pro salute animae nostrae , et animarum Antecessorum nostrorum Regum Angliae , concessimus dilectis Nobis in Christo Fratribus Fraedicatoribus London , Elemosinam nostram quae Deodanda vocatur in Regno nostro Angliae , in subsidium translationis Domorum suarum usque ad finem triennii percipiendam , et post idem triennium , eandem Elemosinam dei intuitu concessimus Conversis domus nostrae London , ad fabricam Capellae suae , quam Dom. H. quondam Pater noster Rex Angliae fundavit , ibidem perficiend : et in subventionem reparationis et sustentationis edificiorum loci illius . Vobis mandamus , quod praedictam Elemosinam nostram de Itinere vestro in Com: praedict. et in caeteris Comitatibus in quibus itineraturi est is , habere faciatis dilecto Clerico nostro Joh: de Sancto Dionisio custodi Domus praedictae ad fabricam et sustentationem ad reparationem praedict: inde faciend : T. R. apud Westm. 13 die Novembris .

Confimiles Literae diriguntur Justiciariis proximo Itineraturis in Com. Devon . pro conversis praedictis . T. ut supra .

King Edward in the 10th . year of his reign , safely to protect the persons and goods of the Jews in Hereford from the violence of the people there , committed the protection of them to 24 of the chief Burgesses of Hereford ( as he did the Jews in other Towns throughout England ) and proclaimed , that none should damnifie or molest them in their persons or goods under pain of losing his goods , as this Patent manifests .

* * Pat. 10. E. 1. m. 15. Pro Judaeis Hereford . Rex dilectis sibi Waltero de la Barre , Hugoni de Clere , Reginaldo Comwood , Thomae de Anesye ( and to 20 more particularly named in the Patent ) Burgensibus suis Hereford salutem . Cum susceperimus in protectionem et defensionem nostram Judaeos nostros Hereford , res & omnes possessiones suas , & ad tuitionem & majorem securitatem ipsorum vos assignavimus ad custodiam eorundem . Vobis mandamus , quod per totam villam praedictam publice proclamari & firmiter inhiberi faciatis ex parte nostra : Ne quis sub periculo omissionis bonorum suorum , praedictis Judaeis in personis aut rebus suis , inferat dampnum , molestiam seu gravamen . Et vos ipsi Judaeos illos , res et possessiones suas infra villam praedictam et extra , quantum in vobis est , manuteneatis , protegatis et defendatis . In cujus , &c. quamdiu Regi placuerit durat . Teste Rege apud Devises 10 die Aprilis .

It appears the Jews were then very odious and grievous to the English , that they needed so many Gardians to protect their persons and estates from their plunder and violence .

Soon after this some Jews of Hereford , being there imprisoned for Trespasses done to some English there , the King sent this Writ to the Sheriff of the County to release them upon their putting in of Bail to answer it , and to restore their goods if seased .

* * Claus 10. E. m. 4. Pro Aaron de Blund , & aliis Judaeos in Breve . Rex Vic. Hereford salutem . Quia Mosseus le Blund , Iosseus filius Manasses Judaei Hereford , & Mosseus fil . Jacobi Judaeus London , manuceperunt habere apud Westm. coram Justiciariis nostris ad Custodiam Judaeorum assignatis Aaron le Blund , & Mirabiliam uxorem ejus , Fautinum filium praedicti Aaron , & Bonam uxorem ejus , Cresseum filium Jacobi & Floriam uxorem ejus , a die sancti Iohis . Baptistae in tres Septimanas ad standum recto super quibu●dam transgressionibus quas dicti Judaei fecisse dicuntur Ade de Peyntur & Margeriae filiae ejusdem Ade , si ipse vel eadem Margeria versus eos loqui voluerit , tunc praedictos Aaron , Mirabilem , Fautinum , & Bonam , et Cresscum , & Floriam et eorum familiam , si ea occasione , et non alia , in prisona nostra detineantur , dictis manucaptoribus interim tradas in Ballium , ●t catalla praedict. Judeorum , si quae occasione praedicta ceperis in manum nostram , eis interim restituas per manucaptionem praedictam , & de corporibus eorum Judaeorum , seu de familia aut catallis eorundem occasione rransgressionis illorum , te non intromittas , donec aliud inde preciperimus , & habeas ibi hoc Breve . T. Rege apud Salop 2 die Junii .

The Jews ( most likely to avoid the rage and plunders of the English Christians ) having left the wearing of their Tables on their upper garments , formerly prescribed by sundry forecited Writs and Ordinances , and the Statute de Iudaismo , to distinguish them from Christians , were now by this new Proclamation from the King sent to the Justices , strictly enjoyned to wear them , as well women as men , and likewise prohibited to sell any flesh to Christians by any means , or to retain any Christian man or woman in their houses or elsewhere in their service under great penalties .

* * Claus . 10. E. 1. m. 8. Quod Iude●a portant Tabulas sicut & Judaei Rex Justiciariis suis ad custodiam Judaeorum assignatis , salutem . Cum nuper preciperimus & publice proclamari fecerimus ; Quod omnes Judaei regni nostri , Tabulas deferant in indumentis suis exterioribus , ut a cultoribus Catholicae fidei evidentius decernentur . Volentes hoc idem de Judeabus ejusdem regni generaliter & firmiter observari ; Vobis mandamus , quod tam in Civitate nostra Londen , quam in aliis Civitatibus , Burgis , & villis alibi infra Regnum praedictum ubi Judaei conversantur , publice proclamari faciatis sub gravi forisfactura nostra ; Ut omnes & singulae Judeae ejusdem Tabulas hujusmodi publice deferant in forma quae provisa est de Judeis praedictis . Facias insuper inhiberi & publice proclamari per totum regnum praedictum , Ne aliquis Judaeus quascunque carnes quoquo modo presumat vendere Christianis , N●c Christianum secum in hospitio suo , seu alibi in servicio suo audeat decaetero retinere . Teste Rege apud Westm. 1 die Decembris .

In the 11 year of King Edward the 1 , Upon complaint of the Jews clipping and falsifying his coyn , and other Merchants trading with them therein , the King issued forth this following Commission to inquire thereof , the hanging and punishing of so many of them but three or four years before for the like offences , not reclaiming the Survivers of them from this their usual Jewish practise .

t t Pat. 11 E. 1. m. 22. De his arretandis qui cum Judaeis mercantur de falsis platis . Rex dilecto & fideli suo Hamoni Hauteyn , et aliis , salutem . Quia ex relatu fide dignorum nostrorum intelleximus , quod quidam Judaei nostri mercantur cum quibusdam Mercatoribus extraneis & aliis in Platis de Retonsura Monetae nostrae fundatis , & etiam falsis platis de Stagno exterius deargentatis . Vobis mandamus , quod diligenter super hoc faciatis inquisitionem quotiescunque videritis expedire : Et si vobis constare poterit ita esse , tunc Mercatores illos , & alios quoscunque hujusmodi pla●as mercantes , vel a Judaeis nostris emendas petentes , arrestari , & salvo custodiri faciatis , donec super hoc aliud duxererimus ordinandum . Et Judaeos illos a quibus hujusmodi platas petierint emendas dummodo hujusmodi venditioni seu emptioni non fuerint consentientes , per talem munucaptionem qualem videritis optimam ponatis : in cujus , &c. Teste Rege apud Rothele 6 ●ie Febr.

In the 12 year of King Edward the 1. I find these 4. several Writs and Records conceruing the Jews in one Schedule . The first , prohibiting them to live or reside in any City , Burrough or Town where they had no common Chest , and commanding their Justices to remove them thence . The second , commanding the Collector of the condemned Jews goods and estates and his Clerks , to give an Account thereof , and of the summe they amounted unto . The 3d , commanding the Sheriffs in all Counties where they resided , with two discreet and legal Knights of the County , to seal up and secure all their Chests and Charters in them , till farther order . The 4th commanding the Justices assigned for the Custody of the Jews , to certifie the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer the state of all the Jews Debts , and to distinguish which were clear debts , and which not , that so they might be there recovered for the Kings use . I shall recite them in order as they are recorded , the Writs bearing date the ( 11th ) year before .

* * Claus . 12. E. 1. m. 8. in Schedula appensa . De quibusdam Brevibus tangentibus Judaismum . Edwardus , Dei Gratia Rex Angliae , Dominus Hiberniae , Dux Aquitaniae , Justiciariis suis ad custodiam Judaeorum assignatis , salutem . Quia secundum consuetudinem Judaismi nostri , Iudaei nostri in aliis Civitatibus , Burgis aut Villis habitare aut morari non debent , quam in illis quibus Archa Chirographar : Iudaeorum existat , et diversi Iudaei diversas villas in Regno nostro sunt ingressi & eas inhabitant , in quibus hujusmodi Archa non existat , per quod eosdem Iudaeos ab hujusmodi villis volumus amoveri . Vobis mandamus firmiter injungentes , quod universos & singulos Iudaeos in Civitatibus , Burgis et Villis , in quibus dicta Archa non existit habitantes seu morantes , absque damno eis de corporibus , seu de rebus suis faciendo , sine dilatione faciatis amoveri ab eisdem : Ita quod ipsi Judaei ab eisdem villis modis omnibus amoveantur ante quindenam Pasche prox : futuram , Non permittentes ipsos in hujusmodi villis habitare decetero , vel morari . Et ita vos habeatis in hoc mandato nostro exequendo , quod non oporteat Nos vobis iterata mandata nostra di●igere , ex hac causa . T. Rege apud Newark , 28 die Jan. Anno Regni nostri 11.

Edwardus Dei gratia Rex Angliae , &c. Dilecto et fideli suo , waltero de Warham , nuper receptori bonorum & catallorum quorundam Judaeorum dampnatorum , salutem . Quia quibusdam de causis super summa exituum bonorum et catallorum praedict. volumus certiorari . Vobis mandamas quod die Pasche proximo futuro in quinque Septimanas ; sitis coram Thesaur . & Baronibus nostris de Scaccario , una cum clericis et rotulis vestris de bonis et catallis illis , ut iidem Clerici compotum reddant tunc ibidem de exitibus praedictis ; et ulterius faciant ea quae compotum et negotium illud con●ingunt . T. R. ut supra .

Eodem modo mandatum est Ioh. Beks , Ade Kirketon , and 7. others more there named .

Rex Vic : Midd. salutem . Praecipimus tibi quod assumptis tecum duobus de discretionibus et legalioribus Militibus ejusdem Comitatus , in propria scil: persona tua accedas ad universas & singulas Archas Cyrograf . Judaeorum in Balliva tua existentes , et eas sigillis eorundem Militum , et sigillo tuo consignari facias . Ita quod Archae illic sic consignatae , cum Rotulis in locis , quibus nunc existunt , sub tua costodia remaneant , donec aliud inde praeceperimus , et hoc nullo modo omittas T. ut supra .

Eodem modo mandatur Vic. Linc. Cant. Hunt . Kanc. Warw. Leicest. Norff. Suff. Wigorn , Northampt. Surrey , Sussex , Colcest . Oxon , Berks , Hereford , Essex , Hertford , Glocest . Darby , Bedeford , Notingh . Devon . Cornub. Wilts , Suthampt. Exon , Devises & Ebor.

Rex Justiciariis suis ad Custodiam Judaeorum assignatis , salutem . Quia volumus quod Thesaur . & Barones nostri de Scaccario , super omnibus debitis quae nobis debontur ad Scaccarium Judaismi nostri , ex quacunque causa per vos ad plenum certificentur , Vobis mandamus , quod ad certum diem quem praedict. Thesaur . & Barones vobis scire facient , coram ipsis in Scaccario praedicto , cum rotulis vestris veniatis , ad certificandum ipsis super debitis praedictis , quae videlicet sunt clara , et quae non clara , ut ex tunc debita illa levantur , secundum consuetudinem Scaccarii praedicti , et hoc nullatenus omittatis . T. ut supra .

Moreover , In the Patent Rolls of this 12 year , the King granted this ensuing Commission , to enquire of all the concealed goods and chattels of those formerly condemned , and of their clipping , falsifying , counterfeiting money , and trading with others in such deceitfnl coyn .

* * Patents 12. E. 1. m. 4. Schedula . De Inquisitione facienda de bonis & catallis quorundam Judaeorum dampnatorum , &c. Rex dilectis & fidelibus suis Solomoni de Roff. Magist . Hen: de Bray , et Hen: de Waleyes salutem . Sciatis quod assignavimus vos ad inquirendum per Sacramentum tam Christianorum quam Judaeorum , per quos , &c. de omnibus bonis et catallis quorumcunque Indaeorum dampnatorum nobis concelatis , et modo , et ad quorum manus hujusmodi bona devene●int . Et etiam de Mercatoribus et Iudaeis invicem vendemibus , et ementibus , seu cambientibus platas argenteas , et falsas platas de stagno , et alia metallo conflatas , et exterius deargentatas , et de omnibus aliis circumstantiis negotium illud qualitercunque contingentibus , prout magis videritis expedire , & a● plenam et celerem Justitiam inde faciendam . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod ad certos dies et loca quos ad hoc provideritis , praemissa faciatis in forma praedicta . Mandamus enim Majori & Viceco● : nostris London quod ad certos dies et loca quos eis scire faciatis , venire faciant coram vobis , tam Christianos quam Judaeos , per quos rei veritas in praemissis melius sciri poterit , et inquiri . In cujus , &c. T. Rege apud Cestr. 15 die Septemb.

This Inquisition ( as was usual in the case of Jews ) was to be made as well by Jews and Christians , and so were their trials ordinarily per Medietatem linguarum , as in the case of other Foreigners , for the greater indifferency , and prevention of Injustice through malice or emulation .

In 14 E. 1. * * Patent . 14 E. 1. m. 20. I find a Commission issued out for opening and searching the Chests of the Jews , and inrolling and certifying their Debts , agreeable with those already cited . And likewise a Writ to the Treasurer and Barons of the Kings Exchequer , to discharge John de Sto. Dionisio , Custos Domus Conversorum Regis London , from giving any Account of his Office and Receipts before them ; Quia compotus hujusmodi nunquam in Scaccario hactenus à Predecessoribus suis custodibus Domus praedictae fieri consuevit . T. Rege apud Westm. 24 die Feb.

This Iohn of St. Denys , Custos Domus conversorum , dying in the 16 year of Edw. 1. the King thereupon granted the Custos Office of this house to Robert de * * Pat. 16. E. 1. m. 4. Scardeburgh Clerk , Quamdiu Nobis placuerit : and commanded that he should be permitted to dwell in this house , and that all the Converts therein should be intendent and obedient to him , as their Governor . His Patent bearing date the 13 of Octob.

This same year the Jews still persevering in their Trade of clipping and counterfeiting the Kings coin , thereupon there issued out several Letters Patents and commissions to diverse Justices to make inquiry thereof , and of all concealed goods and chattels of all the Jews forfeited to the King , as this following commission of Association , to pretermit all others , will resolve us .

* * Pat 16 E. 1. m. 16. De Inquisitione fac . de platis Argenteis , &c. Rex dilecto & ●sideli suo Hugoni de Cressingham , salutem . Qnia dilectus et fidelis noster Henricus le Waleys , quem nuper cum dilectis et fidelibus nostris Solomone de Roff. & Magistro Henrico de Bray assignavimus ad quasdem Inquisitiones faciendas de omnibus bonis & catallis quorumcunque Judaeorum dampnatorum Nobis concelatis & forisfactis , & etiam de Mercatoribus & Judaeis invicem vendentibus & ementibus , seu cambientibus plateas argenteas , & falsas plateas de stagno & alio metallo conflatas , et exterius deargentatas , & de aliis circumstantiis negotium illud qualitercunque contingentibus , prout in literis nostris Patentibus , quos eisdem Solomoni , Henrico & Henrico inde fieri fecimus plenius continetur , nobiscum in partibus transmarinis pro quibusdam negotiis nostris specialibus quibus ibidem intendit moram facit ; per quod idem Henricus le Waleys ad praemissa una cum prefatis Solomone & Magistro Hen. facienda , non potest intendere ad praesens vos loco ipsius H. le Waleyes ad praemissa una cum prefatis Magist . Henrico ad praedictas Inquisitiones faciendas juxta tenorem literarum nostrarum patentium praedictarum . Et ideo vobis mandamusquod ad praemissa facienda , una cum praedictis Solomone , & Magistro Henrico intendatis in forma praedicta . Mandamus enim eisdem Solomoni & Magistro Henrico , quod vos ad hoc in socium admittant , sicut praedictum est . In cujus rei , &c. Teste Ed. Comite Cornubii Consil . Regis apud Westm. 26 die Jan.

This year I find a strange case , A Jew and his wife complained to the King , that some had maliciously defamed the Wife , in reporting that she had turned Christiand was baptized , to their great prejudice and grievance , when as it was a malitious scandal ; Whereupon they procured this Writ from the King to the Justices of the Jews to inquire the truth thereof by an Inquisition of Christians and Jews , and to do them right if slandered .

* * Claus . 16. E. 1. m. 10. Pro Mosseo de Heref. & Suetecota uxor ejus Judeis London . Rex Justic . suis ad custodiam Judaeorum assignatis salutem . Monstraverint nobis Mosseus de Hornden & Suetecota uxor ejus Judaei Lond. quod cum ipsa Suetecota christiana non sit , ne aliquo tempore fu●rat baptizata , quidam Emuli eorum maliciose confingentes ipsam Suetecotam baptizatam fuisse inter duo bella de Lewes & Evesham , eam super hocdefamarunt , in ipsorum Mossei & Suetecotae dampnum non modicum & gravamen . Et ideo vobis mandamus , quod inquisita inde plenius veritate per Christianos & Judaeos , sicut mos est ; Si inveneritis praedicta Suetecota non fuit baptizata , sicut sibi imponitur , tunc eisdem Mosseo & Suetecotae , juxta officii vestri debitum , pacem habere inde faciatis . T , Com.

If the Jews deem it so great a scandal and grievance to them , for others to reporr them to have been Christians and baptized , there is little hopes of their real general conversion to Christianity now .

The Jews were such absolute slaves and villains to our Kings , that they sometimes granted them with all their goods and chattels to others by their Charters , as they did their other villanies , as this memorable Record of 17 E. 1. will inform us .

* * Claus 17 E. 1. m. 6. P●o Aaron fil . Vynes Judaei London . Rex dilecto & fideli suo , Rado de Berners Constabul . Tur. London salutem . Cum Dom. H. Rex pater noster per Cartam suam ded●rit & concesserit Edmundo fratri nostro carissimo Aaron fil . Vynes Judeo London , una cum omnibus bonis et catallis suis , er omnibus quae ad ipsum patrem nostrum ratione ipsius Judaei quocunque modo possint pertinere ; et nos postmodum eandem donationem et concessionem continuari volentes , ipsam prefato fratri nostro confirmavimus per nostras literas Patentes ; ac idem Frater noster manuceperit habere coram nobis e●ndem Aaron ad voluntatem nostram adstandum recte super omnibus quae ipsum Aaron contingunt , quandocunque nos vel alii versus ipsum in aliquo loqui voluerimus ; per quod eidem fratri nostro per manucaptionem suam praedictam concessimus , quod omnia negotia ipsum Aaron contingentia , et quae examen judiciale requirunt coram nobis , et eodem fratre nostro audiantur , et prout justum fuerit terminentur . Vobis mandamus , quod de bonis et catallis ipsius Aaron , aut aliquibus ipsum tangentibus vos in nullo intromittatis , contra donationem , concessionem , et confirmationem supradictas , nisi ex voluntate fratris nostri praedicti . T. Edmund . apud Westm. 24 die Maii.

Eodem modo mandatum est , Iohanni de Breton custodi civitatis London . T. ut supra .

In the 18 year of King Edward the 1. I find this grant of his on the 12 day of Iune of all his Deodands to the House of the Converts , for the better maintenance and support of the Convert , Chapel and edifices thereof , during his pleasure only .

* * Pat. 18. E. 1. m. 25. Pro Conversis domus London de Deodandis . Rex Iusticiariis & omnibus aliis Ballivis et fidelus suis , &c. salutem . Cum nos dudum concessimus Conversis Domus nostrae London , ad sustentationem ipsorum , Deodanda , quae nobis accidere , & coram quibuscunque Iusticiariis nostris adjudicari contingent , ad certum terminum jam transactum : Nos concessionem illam intuitu Dei pradictis conversis & convertendis coutinuare volentes ; concessimus eisdem conversis et convertendis , ad sustentationem ipsorum , et fabricam Capellae suae et aedificiorum suorum perficiendam , omnia Deodanda quae Nobis ubicunque in Reg●o nostro Angliae accidere , et coram quibuscunque Iusticiariis seu Ministris nostris , adjudicari contingent . Habenda & percipienda quamdiu Nobis placuerit . T. Rege apud Westm. 12 die Iunii .

On the 17 day of the same month and year , I find this special grant made by the King to Auntlera a Jewesse , to sell the inheritance of a Garden in London to any Jew and his heirs , and for them to purchase it of her without being questioned or molested for it , by any of his Officers , which without such license she could not sell , nor he purchase of her without seisure or forfeiture .

* * Pat. 18. E. 1. m. 23. Pro 〈…〉 fuit vynes uxor . &c. Judaei London . Rex omnibus , &c. Sciatis quod de gratia nostra speciali Licentiam dedimus Auntlerae quae fuit uxor Vynes fil . Magistri Mossei Judaei London quod quoddam Gardinum suum quod habet in Civitate nostra London , in parochia sancti Laurentii in Cattestreet , vendere possit cuicunque Judaeo Gardinum illud emere volenti , habendum et tenendum eidem Judaeo & haeredibus suis in perpetuum : & eidem Judaeo quod praedictum Gardinum ab eadem Auntlera recipere possit , tenore praesentium similiter licentiam concedimus specialem . Nolentes quod eadem Auntlera vel haeredes sui , aut praedictus Iudaeus authaeredes sui , ratione venditionis seu recepitionis Gardini praedicti , per nos vel haeredes nostros , Justiciarios Ballivos aut alios Ministros nostros occasionentur , gravantur in aliquo , seu molestantur . In cujus , &c , T. R. apud West . 17. die Junii .

The like Patent I find to Aaron the Kings Brothers Jew forementioned , to sell his house and rents in fee to any Christian who should purchase them by his Lords license , even after the Edict past , and Letters of safe conduct granted , for the Jews banishment and departure hence , as appears by comparing their dates .

* * Pat. 18. E. 1. m. 1. 4 Pro Aaron fil . Vynes Judaeo fratris Regis , Licentia vendendi domos , &c. Rex omnibus , &c. salutem . Sciatis quod concessimus & licentiam dedimus Aaron fil . Vynes Judaeo Edmundi fratris nostri carissimi , quod ipse domos et redditus suos tam infra Civitatem nostram London , quam infra Regnum nostrum , de licentia & voluntate praedicti fratris nostri Domini sui vendere possit ( upon his banishment hence : ) quibuscunque Christiaenis voluerit , absque impedimento nostri , vel aliorum nostrorum quorumcunque , & eisdem Christianis quod dom●s illas & redditus ab eodem Iudaeo emere valeant , similiter licentiamconcedimus specialem , jure cujuslibet in omnibus semper salvo . In cujus , &c , T. R. apud Langeleye 28 die Julii . ( After the date is the Letters for the Jews safe conduct out of England to the Sheriffs . )

It is very observable , that these three last Patents were made but a very little before , and the last of them clearly after the Jews universal banishment voted , resolved both by the King and Parliament . For when as the King , his Justices and Parliament by all their Inquisitions , Commissions , Care , Providence , and Execution of so many Jews in all parts , could no ways suppresse their clipping and falsifying of the Money of the Realme nor yet reforme the manifold other wickednesse and misdemeanors of the English Jewes , nor all the industry and pains of the Friers Preachers , nor all that liberal provisions and grants of the King forecited to the House of Converts for their comfortable support , maintenance and confirmation in the Christian faith , so far operate upon their obstinate , obdurate hearts , as to convert any considerable number , or any persons of note amongst them to the Christian faith , from which many Converts apostatized , nor ▪ yet suppresse their continual blasphemies against our crucified Saviour , the Christian faith , Sacraments of the Church and blessed Virgin ; Thereupon the King , at the earnest frequent solicitation , of the Commons assembled this year in Parliament , after the Feast of St. Hilary , enacted & published an Edict or Decree in Parliament for the total , universal , and final banishment of all these wicked , blasphemous , unbeleeving Jews out of England , then generally execrable , detestable to all the people , who were so desirous to be for ever quit of their company , that they granted the King the 15 part of all their goods and moveables for their banishment and expulsion out of England , as I have formerly proved at large by a full grand Jury of Historians , and several Records in my former * * Edit. 2. p. 44 to 63. Demurrer , against Sir Edward Cooks grosse assertion , that they only voluntarily banished themselves , because their usury was this year suppressed by the Stat. de Iudaismo ; which I have proved was made full 15 years before , & to be no cause at all of their exile now . In pursuance of this Parliamentary Edict & Decree , now no where extant on Record ( all the Parliament Rolls before 5 Ed. 2. being wholly lost , and many since , by the carelessenesse or iniquity of the times , except only an old Parchment Book of some Pleas in Parliam . in E. 1 ▪ & one Statute Roll of K. Ed. the 1. Ed. 2. and Ed. 3. wherein the Statute De Iudaismo , with many other printed Acts , are not to be found , no more than this Edict for the Jews banishment , though mentioned in many Histories and Records ) the King in this very moneth of Iuly sent several Writs , Letters and Patents to the Sheriffs of Counties , Mayors of Towns , Bayliffs and Barons of the Cinqueports , and likwise to Mariners , reciting , that he had prescrib'd a certain time , term , day to all and every of the Iews within the Realm , for their departure out of it into forraign parts : commanding them , not to doe nor suffer any injury molestation , grievance , to be done to them by any in their passage beyond the Seas , for which he had given them safe conduct , but to grant them their wives and children a safe and speedy passage , within the time prefixed them , at the Jews own costs , paying reasonable rates for their freights and passage , without immoderate exactions especially on the poorer sort of them , lest their passage should be hindred by such immoderate and unreasonable exactions . I shall transcribe these Writs and Letters at large out of the Records themselves , as most pertinent to my intended Theame , beginning with those to Sheriffs .

* * Claus. 18 E. E. 1. m. 6. De Judaeis Regno Angliae exeuntibus . Rex Vic . Gloucestriae , &c. Cum Iudaeis Regni nostri universis certum tempus praefixerimus a Regno illo Transfretanoi ; Nolentes quod ipsi per Ministros nostro , aut alios quoscunque , aliter quam fieri consuevit , indebite pertrectentur ; Tibi praecipimus , quod per totam Ballivam tuam publicè proclamari , et firmiter inhiberi facias , ne quis eis intra terminum praedictum , injuriam , molestiam , dampnum inferat , seu gravamen . Et cum contingat ipsos cum catallis suis , quae eis concessimus , versus partes London , causa Transfretrationis suae , dirigere gressus suos , salvum & securum conductum eis habere facias sumptibus eorum . Proviso , quod Iudaei praedicti ante recessum suum , vadia Christianorum quae penes se habent illis quorum fuerint , si ea acquietare voluerint , restituant , ut tenentur . Teste Rege apud Westm. 18 die Iulii . Anno 18. E. 1.

Consimiles Literae diriguntur Vicecomitibus Essex , Ebor. Northampt. Lincoln . Teste ut supra . Item Vicecomitibus Hereford , Suthampt.

The form of the Letters for protection and safe conduct to particular Jews and their Families , ( which the richer sort of Jews purchased at dear rates ) was this .

* * Pat. 18. E. 1. m. 14. Pro Bonamico Judaeo Eborum , et familia sua . Rex Majoti et Ballivis Eborum salutem , Quia certum diem praefixerimus Iudaeis nostris Angliae regnum nostrum exeundi , et ●e ad partes alias transferendi ; Vobis mandamus , quod Bonamico Judaeo Eborum , uxori , pueris , vel familiae suae , in personis aut rebus interim nullam moles●iam inferatis , set ipsos quantum in vobis est , manuteneatis , protegatis , et defendatis . Et cum idem Bonamicus cum uxore , pueris et familia sua , post Terminum Proclamationis factae de vadiis Christianorum acquietandis , ad partes maritimas causa transfretandi , divertere se voluerint , sibi et suis salvum conductum , cum ab eo fueritis requisiti , suis sumptibus habere faciatis ; ne eis super bonis , quae secum deferre contingerit periculum emineat , pro defectu conductus hujusmodi faciendi . T. Rege apud Lang. 26 die Julii . Et sunt Patentes .

By this Patent it appears , First , that the Jewes had a certain day prefixed them by the King to depart out of the Realm of England into Foreign parts , of which they all had general and particular notice . 2ly , That the wealthier Jews thereupon to preserve their own persons , wives , children , families from corporal violence , and their goods from plunder , purchased particular Letters of Protection and safeconduct from the King to Mayors and other Officers . 3ly , That the King published a general Proclamation upon the Edict of their banishment , that all the pawns of Christians to them should be redeemed and discharged before their departure , or left behind them when they departed hence .

The next day after this private Letter of Protection and Safeconduct , on the 27 of July , the King sent these Letters to the Bailiffs , Barons and Seamen of the Cinque ports , for the Jews safe conduct , passage and transportation out of England , within the term which he had prefixed to all and every of them , being general for all the Jews .

* * Pat. 18. E. 1. m. 14. De Passagio & Conductu Judaeorum Angliae . Rex omnibus Ballivis , Baronibus , et Nautis Quinque portuum suorum salutem . Cum certum terminum omnibus et singulis Iudaeis Regni nostri praefixerimus idem Regnum exeundi . Nolentes quod ipsi in rebus seu personis interim aliqualiter injurientur : Vobis mandamus , quod eisdem Iudaeis cum ipsos ad Portus praedictos , cum uxoribus , pueris , & Catallis suis venire contingerit ad transfretand : INTRA TERMINUM PRAEDICTUM , salvum & festinum p●ssag●um , & securum conductum habere faciatis sumptibus corundem . Ita tamen , quod Pauperibus Judaies super freto Navium in transportatione parcatur , et a●●is juxta facultates inde fiat exactio moderata , prout in hujusmodi passagiis alias fieri consuevit , ne quis ipsorum per exactiones immoderatas et irrationabiles , super passagio suo impediatur . Et sub gravi forisfactura nostra firm●ter vobis injungimus , ne quis vestrum Iudaeis praedictis in rebus aut pe sonis inferat , vel quantum in ipso est inferri permittat injuriam , molestiam , dampnum , impedimentum , seu gravamen . In cujus . &c. Teste Rege apud Westm. xxvii . die Julii .

Besides these general , he granted other particular Letters of safe conduct to the Bailiffs , Barons and Seamen of the Cinque Ports , for some privat Jews , their wives , children and families who desired them , as appears by this Record .

* * Patent . 18 E. 1. m. 13. Pro Mosseo fil : Jacobi de Oxon Judaeo & familia sua . Rex omnibus Ballivis , Baronibus & Nautis Quinque Portuum salutem . Cum certum terminum omnibus et singulis Iudaeis Regni nostri praefixerimus idem Regnum exeundi , Nolentes quod ipsi in rebus seu personis interim aliqualiter injuriatur ; Et vobis mandamus , quod Mosseo filio Jacobi de Oxon Iudaeo nostro Northampt. cum ipsum ad portus praedictos , cum uxore , pueris , familia , et catallis suis venire contigerit Ad Transfretandum intra terminum praedictum , salvum et festinum passagium , et securū conductum habere faciatis sumptibus ejusdem . Ita quod ei juxta facultates inde fiat exactio moderata , prout in hujusmodi passagiis alias fieri consuevit , ne ipse per exactiones immoderatas et irrationabiles ( which the Jews all feared from the English upon this extraordinary occasion of their peremptory Exile ) super passagio fuo impediatur ●●t sub gravi forisfactura nostra firmiter vobis in●ungimus , ne quis vestrum praedicto Mosseo , uxori , pueris aut familiis suis praedictis , in rebus aut personis inferat , vel quatemus in ipso est inferri permittat in uriam , molestiam , dampnum , impedimentum seu gravamen . In cujus , &c. Teste Rege apud Selveston 8 die Aug.

It is observable that in all these Writs and Letters , the King relates , that he had prefixed a certain day , time or term to all and every the Jews of the Realm , to depart out of the same Realm , but mentions not in any of them the precise day , time or term at all : Therfore it is most certain , it was mentioned in some other publike Act and Edict for their Banishment made in Parliament , ( which * * See my former Demurrer , Edit. 2. p. 44. to 50. all our Historians remember , ) then publickly known to all the Jews , Sheriffs , Officers and people ; for how else should they certainly know or take notice of it , if it were not then as notorious as these Writs and Letters , which do not particularly expresse it ?

* * Flores Hist. An. 1290. pare 2. p. 381. Matthew Westminster in or near this time , precisely writes , That the Jews were all to depart out of England with their wives and children by the Feast of All Saints , QUOD EIS PRO TERMINO PONEBATUR , quem sub poenae suspendii transgredi non est causa . This therefore was the term prefixed to them in the Parliamentary Act & Decree for their Banishment by that day , under pain of being hanged , if they departed not England before that term .

The Liber Rubeus , or Red Book in the Remembrancers Office in the Eschequer , fol. 252. b. hath this Memorand . entred in it , touching the time the Jews actually departed from London and England , † † De Recessu Judaeorum ab Anglia , is writ in the Margin . De Iudaeis recedentibus ab Anglia : Memorandum , quod die Martis in crastino Sancti Dionisii , Anno Regni Regis Edwardi silii Henrici decimo octavo , et Anno Domini Millesimo ducentessimo nonagessimo , recesserunt omnes Judaei de London versus Mare ad transfretandum sub protectione Domini Regis . And the same Memorandum in effect is written in a hand of that time , at the end of the Original Manuscript Copy of Florentius Wigorniensis . Now Saint Dionisius day being the 9th of October ; this their departure from London must necessarily be on the 10. day of Octob. being the next day after it An. 1290. just 21 days before the feast of All Saints , by which day they were all to depart out of England under pain of death ; and accordingly departed , as I have elsewhere manifested ; except some few poor converted Jews , who remained like Almesmen in the House of the Converts , and were not banished with the rest , whose Infidelity was the chief cause of their exile , as our Historians attest .

The King on the 27 day of October ( but 17 days after the Jews final departure from London out of England ) committed the custody of this Domus Conversorum and the Converts in London to Walter de Agmodisham during pleasure , by this his Patent .

* * Pat. 18. E. 1. m. 4. De custodia Domus conversorum London Commiss . Rex omnibus ad quos , &c. salutem . Sciatis quod commissimus Waltero de Agmodisham custodiam Domus nostrae Conversorum London , & conversorum nostrorum , ( therefore not banished with the rest ) habendum quamdiu nobis placuerit , cum omnibus ad custodiam illam pertinentibus , sicut Johis de Sancto Dionis . quondam Archidiac . Roff. eam dum vixit habere consuevit . Ita quod idem Walterus domos illas in quibus idem Archidiaconus morabatur ibidem inhabitet pro voluntate sua , &c. T. R. apud Kingestclipton 27 die Octobris

On the 16 day of December following the King granted the custody of this house to Richard de Clunpynges by this Patent , which manifests that the converted Jews were not banished with the rest .

* * Pat. 18. E. 1. m. 45. De custodia Domus Conversorum London commissa . Rex omnibus et singulis Conversis Domus suae London salutem . Sciatis quod commissimus dilecto clerico nostro Rico. de Clunpynges custodiam Domus praedictae , habendum quamdiu nobis placuerit , cum omnibus ad dictam custodiam pertinentibus , eodem modo quo Johis . de Sancto Dionis . quondam Archidiaconus Roffensis defunctus eam dum vixit habere consuevit ; Ita quod dom. illas in quibus idem Archidiaconus morabatur ibidem pro voluntate sua inhabitet . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem Rico. tanquam custodi vestro in omnibus que ad custodiam illam per●inent , 〈◊〉 e● sitis et respondentes , sicut praedictum est . In cujus , &c. T. Rege apud Odyham 16 die Decembris .

The very next year after the Jews banishment within four moneths of their departure hence , I find these Letters Patents directed by the King to all his Sheriffs , Bayliffs and Lieges , expresly mentioning their banishment hence , and the Kings designing of all the rents and profits of their houses , from the time of their banishment to be collected , and disposed to pious uses ; as Hugh de Kendale Clerk should appoint , specially intrusted with the management of this affair .

* * Pat. 19. E. 1. m. 20. De Iudaismo . Rex Vicecomitibus , & omnibus aliis Ballivis & fidelibus suis ad quos , &c. salutem . Cum assignavimus totam pecuniam provenientem de Domibus quae fuerunt Judaeorum nostrorum in Anglia in quosdam pios usus convertendam , per quod volumus quod totum commodum perveniens ex Domibus illis a tempore exilii eorundem , ut ex conventione Domorum earundem , & rebus aliis , in eosdem usus applicetur : Assignavimus dilectum Clericum nostrum , Hugon●m de Kendale , ad inquirendum de conductionibus , et omnibus receptis hujusmodi plenam veritatem , et ad onerandum Vicecomites , Ministros , et omnes recepto●es pecuniae inde provenientis , a tempore exilii praedicti , et ad pecuniam illam in tuto loco reponendam per Vicecomites , vel alio modo prout melius viderit expedire . Et ideo vobis mandamus quod eidem Hugoni intendentes sitis , credentes & respondentes . Teste Rege apud Asherugge 22 die Ianuarii .

King Edward presently after the Jews banishment hence , seized upon all their Houses , Lands and Revenues throughout England as escheated into his hands by this their sentence of banishment , and presently within few moneths after made sale of them to English men by several Letters Patents , as appears by a special Pat. Roll of the sales of their houses made in the 19 and 20 years of his reign , thus endorsed . Carta de Judaismo . Literae Patentes de domibus Iudaeorum concessis Post eorum Exilium de Anglia ; wherein are near one hundred particular Patents of sales of them to several persons , running in the selfsame form ( mutatis mutandis ) all mentioning their Banishment hence , & this Kings title to them thereby , by way of Escheat ; take one in the 19. year for an example of all that ensue that year .

c c Pat 19. E. 1. Concessionibus factis De Domi●us quae fuerunt Judaeorum in Anglia 〈◊〉 . 4. Rex omnibus ad quos , &c. salutem . Sciatis quod concessimus pro Nobis & haeredibus nostris Isabellae , quae fuit uxor Ade de Sancto Albano Junior : Domos illas cum pertinentiis in London , quae fuerunt Leonis fil : Cressey : fil : Magistri Eliae Judaei , de parochia Sancti Martini Pomer : in Ismongerslane , Per Exilium ejusdem Iudaei a Regno nostro , tanquam Escaeta nostra in manu nostra existentes , et quae ad quatuor marcas extenduntur : Habendum & tenendum eidem Isabellae et haeredibus suis de Nobis et haeredibus nostris imperpetuum . Reddendo inde Nobis & haeredibus nostris unum denarium per manum Vicecomitis ejusdem Civitatis singulis annis ad Scaccarium nostrum Pasche , et faciendo aliis Dominis feodi illius servicia inde debita et consueta . In cujus , &c. Teste Rege apud Asherigge 27 : die Decembris , Anno regni Regis Edwardi filii Regis Henrici xix .

This Patent bears date within two Moneths next after the Jews actual departure hence , upon the Decree and Edict for their banishment . After which follow near one hundred Patents of their houses made this year , wherein was the same recital of their banishment as in this transcribed ; Then follow many other Patents made of the Jews houses by the King in the 20 year of his reign , intituled in the Roll and Margin . Patentes de Domibus Judaeorum concessis , Post eorum Exilium ab Anglia ; the first whereof in Memb. 2. runs thus .

d d 20 E. 1. m. 2. Rex omnibus ad quos , &c. salutem . Sciatis quod concessimus pro Nobis et haeredibus nostris Willielmo de Taburet de Bedeford , & Katerinae uxori ejus , Domos illas quae fuerunt Cok : filii Benedicti de Bedeford Per Exilium ejusdem Iudaeia Regno nostro , tanquam Escaeta nostra , in manu nostra existentes , et quae ad sex 〈◊〉 extenduatur . Habendum et tenendum eisdem Willielmo & Kater . et haeredibus suis , vel cui il●as , secundum consuetudinē villae praedictae donare vel assignare voluerint de Nobis & haeredibus nostris imperpetuum . Reddendo inde Nobis & haeredibus nostris unum denarium per manum Vicecom. nostri Bedf. singulis annis ad Scaccarium nostrum ad festum Sancti Michaelis . Et faciendo aliis dominis feodi illius servicia inde debita & consueta . T. Rege apud Westm. 29 die Novemb.

After which follow near 20 patents more of other Jews houses , made that year in the same form .

Therefore by the unanimous irrefragable verdict of all these manifold Patents ; the Jews were legally and judicially Banished out of England , and by this their Judgment of Banishment ( both by the King and Parliament ) all their houses and lands actually escheated into the Kings hands , who thereupon seized and sold them to others in fee , upon this very Title of Escheat by their Exile out of England : which had Sir Edward Cooke known or observed , I am confident he would never have asserted this untruth , that they voluntarily banished themselves out of England , only because their Usury was banished thence .

To these Records I might annex the case of the Prior of Bridlington , which * * 2 Instit. p. 508. himself cites in the Placita Parliamenti post Pascha apud London , 21 E. 1. rot. 4. recited again in alio Rotulo , Anno 22 E. 1. rot. 5. wherein there is this double recital of the Jews exile hence , and of a Debt of 200 l. due to the King thereby , which he had Judgement to recover against the Prior. Et quia praedictus Prior cognoscit , quod praedicta pecunia praed: Judaeo debebatur , nec ei solvebatur , Ante Exilium Iudaeorum ; et quicquid remansit eorum debitis & catallis in Regno Post eorum Exilium Domino Regi fuit : Consideratum est , quod Dominus Rex recuperet pecuniam praedictam . ; An unanswerable euidence of their judicial , legal , actual Banishment hence , here twice together repeated in this Plea in Parliament but three years after their exile .

I have now traced the History of the English Jewes through the obscure , untrodden , generally unknown , and almost forgotten path of our English Records , yet remaining in the Tower of London , and Exchequer , from the very first year of King John , where our yet extant Records begin , to the 22. of King Edward the first , full 4 years after their universal Banishment out of England ; which as it then put a period to any further memorial of them in our subsequent Records , so it now sets a final conclusion to this my Chronological Collection of such Records as concern the generality of the English Jews and their affairs . To which I shall only annex some few Records in succeeding times , relating to some particular Jewish Converts since their general banishment hence , and to the forementioned house of the Iewish Converts ( now the Rolls in Chancery Lane ) which are some wayes pertinent ( like so much gleanings after the Harvest ) to the Jewish History , and so draw toward a conclusion of this my Undertaking .

There being a great want of Jewish Converts after the Jews banishment hence to receive the Alms , Revenues formerly setled on their house by the premised charters of our Kings , I find King Edw. the 3d in the 18th year of his reign , by special Patents , granted to other poor people who had nothing to live on , both the benefit and easment of the Houses and Gardens of the House of the Converts , together with a penny a day out of the Exchequer , and so much besiedes as any one Convert there received out of the Rents and profits of the house . Particularly he granted to one Alianor , e e Pat. 18 E. 3 pars 1. m. 2. 3. & pars 2. m. 47. Quae non habet unde vivat , quod habeat tantum in omnibus pro sustentatione sua tam de pecunia ad Sc accarium , videlicet per diem 1 d. et pro ●is●amento Domorum & Gardinarum , sicutuna Conversorum habet et capit , ac de Deodandis & aliis proficuis quam de Redditibus & Tenementis Conversorum Domus London , et alibi infra Regnum Angliae commorant , &c. quantum una Conversa inde percepit .

After this a converted Jew , John Castell by name , coming over into England in the 30 year of King Edward the 3d. the King thereupon granted him such admittance into , and sustenance in this house of Convertr , as other Converts had in former time ; received , by this ensuing writ of Privy Seal .

f f Claus . 30. E. 3. m. 13. De Converso admittando in Domo Conversorum London . Rex dilecto Clerico suo Hen: de Ingleby , Custodi Domus nostrae Conversorum in civitate nostra London , salutem . Quia volumus quod Johannes de Chastell , à ritu Judaeorum conversus , qui in Regnum nostrum Angliae nuper venit , habeat talem sustentationem in Domo nostra praedicta de Elemosina nostra , qualem alii ejusdem conditionis in eadem ante hoc tempus habuerunt . Vobis mandamus , quod ipsum Johannem in domum nostram praedictam admittatis , et ei sustentationem hujusmodi pro uno converso consuetum de eadem domo liberari & habere facias . T. Rege apud Westm. primo die Iulii .

Per Breve de privato Sigillo .

This Henry de Ingelby afterwards resigning his Office of Keeper or Gardian of the House of Converts to the King , thereupon King Edward the 3. in the 45 year o● his reign granted this Office to William de Burstall Clerk , during his life , by this following Patent .

g g Pat. 45. E. 3. pars 2. memb. 28. Rex omnibus ad quos &c. Sciatis quod dedimus & concessimus dilecto Clerico nostro Will : de Burstal custodiam domus nostrae conversorum London , vacantem per resignationem Hen. de Ingleby ultimi Custodis domus praedictae , et ad nostram Donationem spectantem : habendum & tenendum cum omnibus ad custodiam illam quoquo modo spectantibus ad totam vitam ipsius Willielm . In cujus , &c. T. R. apud Westm. 22 die Julii .

Per ipsum Regem .

Et Mandatum est Vicecomit . Loudon , quod ipsum Will . in corporalem possessionem Domus praedictae inducant vel induci faciant , habendum juxta tenorem Literarum Regis praedictarum . Teste ut supra .

Per ipsum Regem .

This house with the Chappel and other Edifices being greatly ruined after the Jews banishment , through the negligence of former Guardians , William Burstal being made keeper thereof , bestowed much money upon the repairing of it out of his own purse ; which done , upon consideration thereof , and to keep the same in constant Repair for the future , upon the supplication of the said William , then Keeper likewise of the Rolls of the Chancery , he procured King Edward to annex the house and Chappel of the Converts to the Custos of the Rolls of the Chancery and his Successors for ever , in the 51 year of King Edward the 3d. by this Patent .

h h Patent . 51 E. 3. m. 20. De Domo Conversorum in suburbio London Officio Custodis Rotulorum Cancellarii Regis annexanda . Rex omnibus ad quos , &c. salutem : Sciatis quod Nos considerantes qualiter Domus Conversorum , in Suburbio Civitatis nostrae London , de Patronatu nostro existens , et Capella , Edificia & Clausura ejusdem tempore quo dilectus Clericus noster Willielmus de Burstall custodiam ejusdem Domus ex collatione nostra primo habuit , per negligentiam et incuriam aliorum , qui antedictum Willielmum custodiam Domus illius habuerunt , et ibidem morari , seu inhibitare non curarunt multipliciter debilitata , & quasi totaliter in ruina extiterunt . Et quod praedict. Willielmus tempore suo de bonis suis propriis grandes fecit custus et ex pensas super reparatione et emendatione Domus , Capellae , Edificiorū & Clausurarum praedict. At etiam super factura novarum Domorum ibidem . Nos , ut Domus Conversorum , capella , edificia , clausurae et novae Domus supradicta compatenter sustententur , & custodiantur in futur . ad supplicationem praedicti Will : ( qui Custos Rotulorum Cancellariae nostrae existit in praesenti ) concessimus de gratia nostra speciali , pro Nobis & haeredibus nostris , quod post mortem ejusdem Willielm : dicta Domus Conversorum cum suis Juribus & pertinentiis quibuscunque , remaneat et moretur in perpetuum Clerico custodi Rotulorum Cancellariae nostrae , et haeredum nostrorum pro tempore existenti , Et sit annexa ad idem Officium imperpetuum . Et quod Cancellarius Angliae , vel Custos sive custodes Magni Sigilli nostri , et haeredum nostrorum Angliae , pro tempore existentes , post mortem ipsius Will . habeat et habeant Potestatem ad quamlibet Vacationem dicti Officii custodis Rotulorum per mortem , cessionem , vel mutationem personae , quocunque tempore futuro , instituendi successive Custodes Rotulorum praedictorum in dicta Domo Conversorum , et Custodes illos ponendi in possessionem ejusdem , cum suis juribus et pertinentiis quibuscunque . In cujus , &c. T. Rege apud Shene x. die Aprilis .

Per Breve de privato Sigillo .

Since which by vertue of this Patent , this house of the Converts hath continued annexed to the Custos and Mastership ol the Rolls of the Chancery , yet still liable and subject to the first charitable uses for habitation and sustentation of such Jewish and other Converts , to which it was at first designed : For which I shall now only recite one president more already printed by * * Survey of London , 1633. p. 435. John Stow out of the Records of 5 R. 2. One William Pierce a Jew that became a Christian , and was baptized , was by this Kings Charter in the 5th of his reign , admitted and received into this ancient Domus Conversorum , and had there 2 d. a day allowed him by the King during his life : And by the self-same Equity , if the Jews be now readmitted into England , and any of them shall chance to be converted to Christianity and baptized , either upon real , or hypocritical , or politick grounds , they ought to be there received and maintained in the self-same manner as they were in former times .

I have now ( courteous Reader ) presented thee and the world with the exactest Chronicle and History of the English Iews ( from the 1. year of King Iohn , Anno Dom. 1599. till their total and final banishment hence in the 18 year of Edward the 1. Anno Dom. 1290 , and some years after it ) hitherto published in any age , sincerely collected ( with no little diligence , pains , search , and cost ) out of the most excellent Rolls & Records of those times , yet extant in the Tower and Exchequer , all which I diligently perused with mine own eys , & faithfully transcribed , not taking them upon trust , as others commonly do , and so frequently miscite or mistake them : all which Records ( being diligently entred very year successively under these Kings reigns , by publick Clerks and Notaries imployed for that end , and faithfully relating every thing concerning the Jews , and all other transactions , publick or private , as they were then really acted ) are the truest , best , most unerring guides that posterity can follow , the infalliblest evidences they can surely rely on , or any Historians make use of in relating the History or proceedings of former ages ; the ignorance of which Records hath occasioned many mistakes both in matters of fact and Law in most of our Historians , Chronicles , and Law Books ; Some whereof , ( relating to the English Jews ) I have here rectified in the by .

From all the Records here printed in their own words and language , give me leave in brief to observe for thy better information , these few general heads concerning the Jews , to which they are reducible .

1. That though our Kings by their forementioned Charters , Writs , and Proclamations , granted many large Priviledges , Protections , Immunities to the Jews , especially in the beginning of their reigns , as if they were their only favourites and darlings , above all other of their Subjects ; yet these their Royal Protectors , and their Justices specially appointed for their custody , soon after , notwithstanding all their former Charters , Declarations , and promised Liberty , Peace , Protection proved their most unsatiable , merciless , perfidious , tyrannical Exactors , Fleecers , Oppressors , Taxmasters , Tormentors , almost without any intermission in one kind or other .

2 That the Jews under all these Kings reigns , notwithstanding all their indulged Liberties , were but their most absolute Bondslaves , and exquisite Villains , in all respects , as these particulars will evidence : First , their names were all inrolled in the Kings Exchequer for the Jews , and they confined to live and abide only in such places as the King and his Justices assigned for their custody should prescribe them , from which they might not remove without special license . 2ly , They were to be there constantly resident , that the Kings Officers might there finde both them and their families upon all occasions . 3ly , They were translated from place to place at the Kings pleasure , and permitted to reside in no place but where they had a common chest . 4ly , Their persons , wives , children , infants , families , were imprisoned , distrained , sent to remote Prisons , Castles , banished , executed , tormented , put to fines and ransoms upon all occasions , especially for their Taxes and Debts to the King . 5ly . They were both by poll and wholesale granted and sold to others like Bondslaves and Villains in grosse by the King , and morgaged to those who would purchase them , or advance any monies upon their assignment . 6ly , They were alwayes to wear a badge and Table on their outmost garments , as well females as males , whereever they rod or went , to distinguish them from Christians , with whom they were to have no intimate communion , ( who were prohibited to be servants ; nurses to any of the Jews in any kind , ) and were all of them to be slaves and servants to the King in one kinde or other . 7ly , They were all prohibited to depart the Realm , when once entred , without special licence , which they could not obtain ; and imprisoned yea put to fines and ransoms when they attempted it , to avoid their Taxes . Such was their Vassallage in respect of their persons . As for their real and personal estates , they were wholly at the Kings disposal . First , the King could seise all their Lands , Houses , Rents , Annuities , Fees , Morgages , Debts , Goods , Chattels , gold silver , and sell , grant , release , give them unto whom he pleased at his pleasure . 2ly , All their real and personal estates , chattels , debts escheated to the King upon their deaths , neither could their children , wives , heirs , executors enjoy them , without making Fines , reliefs , and compositions with the King for them , at high rates . 3ly , They could not sue for any debt , morgage , house , fee , duty , nor assign , grant , sell , give , release them unto others , without the Kings special license , for which they paid such fines as he thought fit to impose . 4ly , The King could stay their actions , debts , usury , respite them for what time he pleased , order them to be paid at other Terms , and by other summes than those expressed in their charters and obligations : and finally pardon , release them , and deliver up their Charters to their Debtors , when and where he pleased . 5ly . The King seised , searched , inrolled , sealed up all their publick Chests , Charters , Writings , Debts , Goods , Chattels , Estates , and disposed of them to his own use upon all occasions , notwithstanding all Grants and Charters to them ; and appointed all their Judges , Officers , Cyrographers , Cofferers , Escheators , Presbyters , Priests and Tallagers at his pleasure : yea inforced them to tax , distrain , imprison one another , under pain of perpetual imprisonment , banishment , confiscation of all their estates , and the severest penalties , as the premised Records assure us .

3ly , They alwayes lived under uncessant , perpetual , arbitrary unsupportable Taxes and Tallages , imposed on them ( without any act of Parliament , or their common assents ) by our Kings and their griping Officers at what rates soever they pleased , sometimes 5000. or 6000. somtimes 20000. & 60000 , but commonly 8000. & 10000. marks or pounds by the year ; levyed with the greatest rigour , which some of the richest Jews in all places were commonly engaged to see punctually paid in at the terms appointed , and when any of them opposed , or neglected to pay or levy them , their persons , wives , children , families , infants were all distrained , imprisoned , their estates , Debts seised , confiscated , some of them sent Prisoners into Ireland , and frequently menaced with perpetual banishment hence and losse of their estates , their taxes being levyed by the strictest menacing warrants , and all rigorous violent ways the King and his instruments could possibly invent , And are not their Taxes ( in case they will now return again ) like to be more high , frequent , oppressive , since the very English themselves , after all their late contests , wars , consultations , and prodigal expences of their blood , treasures , estates , are now brought under heavy , uncessant , monthly arbitrary Taxes , Excises , Imposts , decimations , levyed with the greatest rigour , and such as dare oppose them out of conscience or defence of publike liberty , though in a legal way , imprisoned , close imprisoned , ruined , yea threatned with perpetual banishment , even by such who pretend themselves the Patrons , Protectors of the English liberties , franchises , Properties from such Aegyptian and Jewish Bondage , and greatest Antagonists against such arbitrary exorbitant Tyranny ?

4. That besides these constant annual Taxes , our Kings upon all occasions enforced them by way of Loans , to lend what sums they demanded , under pain of imprisonment , confiscation of their estates , seisure of all their Debts , Pawns , Chests : And frequently seised , searched , released , granted , sold all their gold , silver , chests , debts , houses , fees , annuities , pawns , and imprisoned their persons , wives , children , to extort and raise monies upon all extraordinary necessities .

5. That when they had fleeced them to their very skins , and could expect no more moneys from them , then they morgaged and sold their persons , estates , and the revenues proceeding from them unto others , to advance present moneys before hand , like so many Slaves and Villains . And though many of them , notwithstanding all their endlesse Taxes , Extortions , Squeezings , fleecings , grew rich again in a short time through usury , broccage , clipping and falsifying coyn , plate , frauds and extortions of all kinds , and their base parsimony , industry , frugality ; yet their wives , children , heirs , friends enjoyed little or no benefit at all by it , but the King and his Officers commonly fleeced them of al they gained , by one device or other . So that England was little better than a second Aegypt , and our Kings and their griping Officers nothing else but so many new Pharoahs and Aegyptian Tax-masters to them , during all their continuance here , they having no assurance of lives , liberties , estates under them by any Charters , Grants , protection , Engagements , which they made no conscience to revoke and violate at their pleasures , as some of late have done , even to their own Christian Brethren , in as high a degree as they did to the Jews .

6. That they were so exceeding execrable and detestable to the people in all places where they resided , both for their infidelity , blasphemies , apostacies , enmity to Christ and Christianity , circumcising and crucifying Christian Children , clipping of coin , falsifying of Charters , extortion , brokage , usury , frauds , unconscionable Jewish cut-throat dealing , and discrepancy of maners from the English , that many places and ports opposed their coming over , other Towns , ( as Newcastle , Winchelse , Wycombe , Newbury , Berkhamsted , Suthampton , & other places ) purchased exemptions or removals of them : And those Towns where they resided , frequently rose up in a tumultuous maner against them , burning their houses , beating , abusing , kiling their persons , pillaging their goods , and forcing them to fly to the Kings Castles for Sanctuary , notwithstanding all the Kings Charters , Proclamations , Provisions of all sorts for their protection and defence against violence , and committing them to the protection of the Sheriffs , Maiors , Chief Officers and Burgesses of the places where they resided . But especially they were above measure assaulted , beaten , slaughtered , pillaged by the Cruce-signati and Saint-like Souldiers of that age , who listed , crossed themselves for the Holy-Wars , , and by the Barons , Souldiers who took up arms against their Soveraigns under pretext only of defending the Great Charters , Laws , Liberties of the Church and Realm of England , usually stiling themselves * * See Cart. An. 17. Joh. Reg. dors. 27. exercitus Dei et sanctae Ecclesiae in Anglia . Neither were they free from violence , plunder , nor the common people satisfied till their universal final banishment hence , which they oft sollicited , their implacable enmity against them being such , that the symptoms thereof yet continue amongst us in our proverbiall speeches . I hate thee as I do a Jew . I would not have done so to a Jew . None but a Jew would have done so , and the like .

7. That notwithstanding all the Injuries , Oppressions , Indignities , cruelties they here sustained both from our Kings , their Officers & the generality of the people by Gods just curse and vengeance on them for their sins , yea notwithstanding all means used by our Kings , Magistates , Bishops , preaching Friers , and others , both for their reformation and conversion to the Christian Faith , yet the generality of them continued , persevered still in their willfull obstinacy , infidelity , blindnesse , enmity , malice , blasphemies , despite against our crucified Saviour , and Christianity ; which they manifested upon all occasions in publike and private by circumcising and crucifying chistian children , breaking the Crucifix in Oxford , and trampling it under foot in the midst of the Universities soleme Procession , and otherwise ; expressed at large in the forementioned records : as likewise in their extorsions , clipping and falsifying moneys , Charters , usuries , frauds , rapes . murders , forgeries , very few of them turning Christian converts , and that either to save their lives , or prevent some imminent dangers to their persons , families , estates ; and those of the poorer sort for the most part , to get a present livelyhood from the Christians , who frequently turned Apostates , or flagi●ious malefactors , to the scandal of religion .

8. That the Jews here had their Synagogues , Schools , Pries●s , Presbyter and Comptroller of their Exchequer , Escheator , Cofferers , Cyrographers , Attornies , Bayliffs , with their proper Judges and Court of Exchequer , ( wherein only they were to be sued proceeded against , and by whom they were Iudged ) their Prisons , Attachers , Tax-Masters , Record-Keepers , ordered in all things according as the King by his Writs and Letters directed . All which Offices were appointed by the Kings special Patents , Writs , whose Names , Powers , Jurisdictions , Salaries , together with their legal trials and proceedings of all sorts civil , criminal , the forms of their Starrs , Charters , Extents of Lands , assignments of Debts , Releases , Reliefs , Fines , with the names of the chiefest Jews , are registred , and most clearly , fully related in the forecited Records , and in no other printed History or Law-book whatsoever .

9. That the Jews were exempt from all other Temporal and Ecclesiastical Courts and Jurisdictions but the Justices specially appointed for their custody , and the Kings Exchequer for the Jews ; yea from all publike Taxes imposed on the English , and could not be excommunicated by the Masters of their Law , without the Kings special license .

10. That the Iews usury was no ways countenanced nor approved , but generally condemned , and frequently released by our Kings long before the Statute de Judaismo . which most infallibly appears to be made in 3 Ed. 1. not in 18. * * 2 Institutes . p. 506 , 507 , 508. as Sir Edward Cook very grosly mistook . And that the banishment of their Usury by it , was not the cause of their voluntary banishment hence , as he most fondly conceited .

11. That the Presbyteratus Judeorum totius Angliae , was not the High Priests spiritual function , as * * Ibidem . Sir Edward Cook and others affirm , but only a temporal office and Comptrolership in the Kings Exchequer of the Jews .

12. That our Kings and Auncestors in times of Popery made and published sundry excellent Ordinances against the blasphemies , abuses of the Jews ; and were very zealous , industrious to convert them to Christianity , and carefull to maintain , support , confirm , and provide for them when converted in their Domus Conversorum ; That King Edward the first remitted his right to all the goods of convert Jews , ( by an unchristian usage confiscated formerly to the Crowne by their very conversion ) allowing all Converts the moity of their estates to maintain them , and granting the other moity of their Estates , together with his Deodands , and all forfeitures and Chevages of the Jews , for the support of the Converts , and their House , Chappel , Chaplains ; Yet very few of them were converted .

13. That King Edward the 1 : in the 18 year of his reign , did by publike Edict of Parliam . actually banish all the Jews out of England , except the Converts , by a set prefixed day , beyond all contradiction , much against the Jews good wills ; as I have undeniably proved by sundry Records forecited here ; and by multitudes of Historians , in my first * * Edit. 2. p. 44. to 64. Demurrer against Sir Edw. Cooks grosse error . A truth so clear , that the very Jews themselves ( as I am informed by those best versed in their Manuscript Antiquities ) do make special mention of this their Banishment out of England in their Chronicles ( in Manasseh Ben-Israels custody ) taking their later computations of years from thence , as a time very remarkable and ominous to their whole Nation ; And well might they do so , seeing learned Mr. Edward Brerewood , in his Enquiries , touching the diversities of Languages and Religions throughout the chief parts of the world , London 1614. c. 13. p. 92. assures us , that The first Country of Christendom whence the Iews were expelled without hope of Return , was our Country of England , whence they were Banished Anno 1290. by King Edward the first . ( By which example ) Not long after they were likewise banished France , Anno 1307. by Philippus Pulcher : Only of all the Countries of France , in the Iurisdiction of Avignon ( the Popes State ) some are remaining . Out of Spain , An. 1492. by Ferdinand ; and shortly after out of Portugal , Anno 1539. by Emanuel . Out of the Kingdome of Naples and Sicilie Anno 1539. by Charls the V. ( as he there writes ) Out of which Sir Edward Cooke might have as well averred , they only voluntarily banished themselves , as that they voluntarily banished themselves out of England , with ut any special Edict for their exile thence .

What other particulars of lester moment concerning the Jews occurre in these Records , I have formerly touched in their respective places , and shall here omit . Having thus compleated my JUDAISMUS ANGLICANUS REDIVIVUS , if I may so stile it , or Chronological Collections of the Historical and Legal affairs of the English Jews , out of the rich unknown Magazine of our generally neglected , slighted precious old Records ; which Hugh Peters , ( the great New-modeller , * * See his Epistle and Title to his Good Work for a Good Magistrate . Reformer of our former Lawes , Liberties , Government , Kingdom , Republike , Church , Religion , Justice , Law , Merchandise , Navy , the Poor , and what not but himself ) out of his rash fiery Zeal and transcendent ignorance , would now make all new Martyrs , but yet be none himself ; For which end , in his Good Work for a good Magistrate , London 1651. after his proposal of A short Model for the Law , p. 28. &c. he concludes with this advice , as a Good Work fit for his good Magistrate , p. 33. This being done , It is very advisable to burn all the old Records , yea even those in the Tower ; the Monuments of Tyranny : that so his New Whimsies only might be known and adored for our English Lawes and Monuments in all succeeding ages ; I shall therefore crave Liberty to inform the World and this Ignoramus , of the incomparable Excellency , Utility , Necessity of preserving these Records , which he hath so brutishly devoted to the fire , before he either knew their contents or worth , which our Ancestors ( even in all former Wars , Revolutions ; as well as times of peace and settlement ) preserved with much care and cost , as the richest Pearls , Treasures , and Jewels of the Nation .

To which I answer : 1. That all our wisest Kings , Parliaments , Ancestors , Statesmen in former ages had ever a special care to record all businesses of publike or private ocncernment , and to preserve our ancient Records as the * * See Cooks 3 Instit. p. 70 , 71 , 72. choicest Treasures , appointing special Treasuries , places to preserve them in , and Custodes R●tulorum , Treasurers , Chamberlains , Registers , Clerks to keep them safe from injury , corrupting and embezelling , and enacting many Statutes for this purpose , witnesse not only the Chests , Cyrographers , Officers and others forementioned , for keeping the Records and Charters of the Jews and their Rolls , but also 13 E. 1. c. 25. 30. 1 E. 3. c. 4. 5 E. 3. c. 12. 9 E. 3. c. 5. 6 R : 2. c. 4. 13 H. 4. c. 7. 2 H. 5. c. 8. 4 H. 6. c. 3. 8 H. 6. c. 12. 15. 10 H. 6. c. 4. 18 H. 6. c. 1. 9. 27 H. 8. c. 16. 32 H. 8. c. 28. 34 H. 8. c. 22. 28. 37 H. 8. c. 1. 2 E. 6. c. 10. 3 & 4 E. 6. c. 1. 1 & 2 Phil. & Mar. c. 2. 23 Eliz. c. 3. 27 Eliz. c. 9. 31 Eliz. c. 3. 1 Jac. c. 6. with other Acts , And must they now , after all these Statutes , be all made a burnt-of●ring unto Vulcan , upon the crack-brain'd Motion of an Ignatian Incendiary ?

2. The Statute of 8 H. 6. c. 12. * * See Cooks 3 Instit. p. 70 , 71 72 , 73. still in force : Ordains , That if any Record or parcel of the same , writ , retorn , panel , proces , or warrant of Attorney in the Kings Courts of Chancery , Eschequer , the one Bench or other , or in his Treasury , be willingly stolen taken away , withdrawn or avoided by any Clerk or other Person , by cause whereof any Judgement be reversed ; th● such stealer taker away , withdrawer and avoider , their Procurers , Counsellors and Abettors , being thereof indicted , and by process the●eupon made thereof duly convict by their own confession , or by enquest to be taken by legal men , whereof the one half shall be of the men of some Court of the same Courts , and the other half of other , shall be judged for Felons , and shall incurre the pain of Felons . And that the Iudges of the said Courts , of the one Bench and of the other , have power to hear and determine such defaults before them , and thereof to make due punishment , as is aforesaid . And now Hugh Peters ( if I may be thy Counsellor ) in sober sadnesse look to thy neck : which as thou hast oft indangered , forfeited by thy late Fire-works , to blow up Kings , Kingdoms , Parliaments , Lords , our old fundamental Lawes , Liberties , Government , ( as Straffords , Canterburies late Impeachments , Sentences , with Mr. St. Iohns and others Arguments at their Attainders , will resolve thee ) and thy open treasonable advising , abetting the seising , imprisoning of my self , and above 40 more Members of Parliament , in Hell , on the bare boards , Decemb. 6. 1648. ( whose names thou didst then list with an iron Sword under thy arme , instead of the Sword of the Spirit : ) So this thy Iesuitical Project to burn all our old Records , ( whereby all former Judgement , Titles , Fines , Recoveries , &c. will be nulled , reversed ) which thou publickly abettest , counsellest thy Magistrate to effect in Print ; proclaimes thee by thine own Confession , without other evidence , a Notorious Felon within this Act , in the highest degree . The burning , avoiding of all our Records in general , being a more transcendent Felony , ( yea Treason , ) to the whole Kingdom , Nation , than the embezelling only of one or two private Records or Writs , relating but to one private person . And if ever thou be brought to a legal Trial for it , before such a Iury , and such Iudges as this Act prescibes , thou art sure to undergoe a Halter-Martyrdome at Tyburne ; which all will cry up ( according to thy Pamphlets Title ) for A good work of a good Magistrate , and a short cut to great quiet ; for thy devoting all our old Records to a fiery Martyrdom in Smithfield ; which I trust they shall never undergo ; And that upon these ensuing weighty Considerations ,

First , these old Records which he would have burnt , contain in them all the antient Rights , Titles , Evidences , Charters , Agreements , Leagues , Compacts of the Kings , Kingdom , Nation and people of England , to all their pristine and present Dominions , Jurisdictions , Prerogatives ▪ Preheminences , Priviledges , Hereditaments and enjoyments , both at home and abroad , by Land and by Sea , as they are a Kingdom , Nation , Republike & body Politick in general ; and that both in relation to themselves and their own intrinsecal affairs at home & as they have been , owned , reputed , negotiated , treated with upon special occasions as a Kingdom , Nation , Republike , by any forraign Kings , Princes , Kingdoms , States ; whose ancient undoubted Rights , Titles to all or any of our Dominions , Territories , Jurisdictions , Royalties , cannot otherwise be legally cleared & judicially evidenced upon any emergent occasion or controversie between our Kingdom , Nation and other Forraign States and Realms , or between our selves at home , but by our old Records , the only publike evidences of the whole Kingdom and English Nation , as necessary to defend , maintain , justifie their common publick Rights , Dominions , Possessions , Jurisdictions , Claims , priviledges upon all occasions , as any private Noble or Gentlemans ancient Charters , Records , Writings are to defend , manifest his right and Title to his private Inheritance and Injoyments ; witnesse the * * See Tho. Walsingham , Hist. Ang. An. 1292 , &c. 1302. par 18 , 49. to 〈◊〉 Ypodig . Ne●● p , 86 , to 95. Henry de Knyghton de Eventibus Angliae , l. 3. c. 2. famous Letter of the King , Parliament and Nobles of England , written and sent to the Pope , Anno 1302. to clear the subordination of Scotland to the Crown of England , and the Homage of the Kings of Scotland made for their kingdom to the Kings of England as their superiour Lords from time to time , manifested by the ancient Histories and Records of England beyond all contradiction ; Mr. Selden his Mare Clausum , proving the Dominion and Jurisdiction of the Kings of England over the Narrow Seas by Records , and Sir Robert Cottons Posthuma . Therefore it must necessarily be as bad and mad a worke , for a bad and mad Magistrate to burn all the publick Evidences and Records of the whole Kingdom and Nation , ( upon the frantick motion of a Bedlam in this particular ) as for a Great landed Nobleman to burne all the old Charters , Evidences of his Lands and Honors ; or for a rich Usurer to burn all his Bonds and Morgages , which all wise men will repute an act of Frenzy , and Hugh Peters too in his right senses .

2. They contein in them all the great publike Charters , Contracts , Agreements , Leagues , formerly granted or made by the Kings of England , to or with the Prelates , Earles , Barons , Freemen , Commons of England , Ireland , Scotland , Wales , Gernsey , Iersy , Man , and all other Isles and Dominions belonging to the Crown of England in general : all Charters , Patents Grants , Contracts , Writs , Releases , Gifts , Pardons , Offices , Honors , Liberties , Franchises , Customs , Priviledges , Faires , Markets , Inheritances , Rents , Revenues , Licences , compositions formerly granted by our Kings to the respective Counties , Cities , Towns , Burroughs , Villages , Hundreds , Arch-bishops , Bishops , Deans , Chapters , Prebends , Abbies , Priories , Nunneries , Colledges , Hospitals , Free-schools , Universities , great Officers , Chancellors , Generals , Admirals , Marshals , Justices , Nobles , Gentlemen , Citizens , Merchants , Societies , Fraternities , most private persons both in England , Ireland , Wales , Scotland , all the British Isles , and other Territories anciently belonging to England . All whose particular patents , grants , evidences though under seal ( if alleged to be false , forged , sophisticated ) must be tryed only by their exemplifications or inrollments on record . They likewise comprise all the Judgements , Fines , Common Recoveries , Verdicts , Trials , Suits , Statute Merchants and Staple , Recognizances , Inrolments , yea in any of the private Conveyances , Contracts between our Kings and private subjects , and one subject & another . What a universal confusion , subversion then disinherison , destruction of all Rights , Titles , Interests , Inheritances , Priviledges , the burning of all our old Records would immediatly bring upon all and every County , City , Corporation , Nobleman , Gentleman , Inheriter , Freeholder of the Realm of England , and all the subordinate Dominions thereto annexed , let this Short Cutter himself , and all Wise men determine , who hold or claim any thing by matter of Record , their best and surest evidence .

3ly . All the good old Laws , Statutes for the Governme●t , Peace , safety , defence and wellfare of the Nation are originally conteined in our Records , by which they must be tryed , examined . Yea all the perambulations and deafforestations of our forrests , All the Limits , Bounds , Extents , Contents , Jurisdictions , Customs , Priviledges , Tenures , Rents , Services of all Counties , Cities , Burroughs , Ports , Honors , Mannors , Parishes , Courts of Justice , Offices , Officers Civil , Military , Ecclesiastical , Marine , all the Pedegree ▪ , Discents , Successions ( by which all Heirs , Successors hold or claim their inheritances ) are for the most part defined , ascertained , evidenced , proved in and by our Records alone , wherein they are enrolled : And if they should all be burnt together , what ataxies , confusions , contentions , oppressions , suits , quarrels , frauds , Disinherisons would thereupon immediatly ensue , all wisemen may prognosticke . The mighty Nymrods and Grandees of the times wil then soon question al mens Titles , devour their lesse potent neighbours estates , inheritances adjoyning near to theirs ; all potent Landlords will exact what services , rents , customs , heriots , releifes they please from their poor tenants : all superiour , inferiour Courts , Officers , Corporations claim , exercise what extravagant Jurisdictions , powers they think meet , and all legal means of defending mens rights , liberties , inheritances against malitious , potent , vexatious Adversaries , will be utterly abolished by Salt Peters new Firework to burn all our old Records to ashes .

4ly . Whereas this Ignoramus in our Records ( the most whereof he never yet saw , and cannot so much as read ) produceth this only reason for their burning , that they are the monuments of Tyranny ; I would demand of rhis bold blind Bayard ( who judgeth of coulors he never yet saw ) how he can make good this notorious untruth ? The greatest part of our Records are the two great Charters of the Liberties of England , and the Forrest , or sundry subsequent confirmations of them in several Parliaments : the good old Laws , Statutes , Ordinances made by our wisest Kings , Nobles , Commons upon long advise and serions debates in our English Parliaments , for the Government , Peace , defence , wellfare of the people ; The proceedings , debates , Judgements ; Resolutions of our sagest Parliaments , Judges , Courts of Justice , in all matters , cases , publike , private , civil or criminal , formerly debated or resolved in them . Old Charters , Commissions ; Patents , Writs , Concords , Fines , Recoveries , Statutes , Judgements , Extents , Indictments , Offices , Grants of Liberties , Lands , Franchises , Fairs , Offices , Pardons to particular persons & corporations ; all matters advancing the defence of the Realm by Land and Sea in times of danger , war , according to the ancient Laws and Customes of the Realm : Negotiations , Truces , Leagues with , Embassies , Letters to & from forain Stares ; All particulars concerning Merchants , Merchandise , Trade , Coyn , Bullion , Measures , weights , wools , Staples , Ships , and the like . Now how all or any of these can be stiled Monuments of Tyranny , let this Lindsy-Wolsy great Clerk demonstrate at his best leasure . Besides , I here averr , ex certa scientia against this Imposture ; That most of our old Records ( especially in the Tower are so far from being monuments of Tyranny , that on the contrary , they are the chiefest badges , the clearest evidendences of those good old English Liberties which our noble Ancestors claimed , purchased , and transmitted to us as our richest Birthrights , yea the principal Bulworks Fences against all sorts of Tyrannical usurpations , encroachments on the Peoples Liberties , Rights , Properties , in any kind whatsoever . To put this out of Controversie , I shall appeal only to the many excellent * * See a learned and necessary Argument against Impositions in the Parl. of 7 Iac. printed 1641. Mr. Will . Hakewell his Liberty of the Subject , against Impositions , London 1641. The confer●nce at the Committee of both Houses con●erning the Rights and Priviledges of the Subject 3 and 4 to Caroli London . 1642. Judge Crooks and Huttons Arguments against Shipmony . The Remonstrances of the Lords and Commons against tho Commission of Array . Exact Col. p. 386. &c. 450. 890. Ephemeris Parliamentaria London . 1654. old Records produced & most insisted on by the Commons and others in the several Parliaments of 7 , 8 & 21 Jacobi , and 3 , 4 , 17. Caroli against all Impositions , Tunnage , Poundage , Customs , Excises , Loans , Taxes , demanded , imposed and exacted from the Subject , without common consent and Act of Parliament : against imprisoning Subjects by King or Council Table , without any legal cause expressed in the warrants , and not bailing them in such cases : against Shipmoney , Court and Conductmoney , the Bishops late Canons and Oath , Commissions for executing martial Law in times of Peace , impressing and billiting Souldiers , the Commissions of Array , with other late Grievances , Monopolies , and the arbitrary proceedings of Strafford , Canterbury , the old Council Table , Star-chamber and High-commission , printed in sundry Treatises , in Sir Edw. Cooks 2 & 4 Institut. Sir Robert Cottons Posthuma , and in my Legal , Historical , Vindication and collection of the good old fundamental Liberties , &c. of England . to which I shall refer the Reader and Hugh Peters : who if he had St. Augustines ingenuity , hath as much cause and more than he , to write a book of Retractations , especially of this his rash sentence passed against our old Records , devoting them to the fire , which his and others New-Modles better deserve than they .

Now that I may the better excite , encourage all generous English Spirits ( especially Lawyers , Statesmen , Historians , Heralds , and Divines who have opportunity ) not only to the diligent preservation , but inspection , study , perusal of our ancient over-much neglected , sleighted Records , so rashly devoted to the fire by Peters , I shall in brief acquaint each of them , what hidden Treasures and rare precious pearls are locked up in these old Parchment cabinets .

1. All grounded Students and Professors of the Law , upon diligent search , may find in our old Records the several Writs of Summons for our Archbishops , Bishops , Abbots , Priors , Dukes , Earls , Viscounts , Barons , Citizens , Burgesses , Merchants , and all other Members to our ancient English Parliaments , Great Councils of State , Synods , Convocations , with the several prorogations , adjournments , dissolutions of them , & for Knights and others wages . The Speeches , Proceedings , Petitions , Debates , Consultations , Orders , Ordinances , Statutes , Judgements , Pleas , Demands , Grants , or Refusals of Aides , Subsidies , with all transactions , resolves concerning peace , War , Government , Trade , Merchandise , Bullion , Coyn , Weights , Measure , purviances , Customes , Tunnage , poundage , Imposts , Fishing , Shipping , defence of King or Kingdom by Land or Sea , Liberties , priviledges , properties , regulation of abuses , supplies of defects of Law , Justice , and all other matters formerly discussed in our English parliaments . Which if faithfully transcribed and methodically digested into a Parliamentary Chronicle , would for rare usefull matter , Excellency , certainty far exceed all Histories , Statute-Books , Law-Books , Chronicles ever yet compiled , rectifie many grosse mistakes in most of them , and make more able , knowing Lawyers , Judges , parlamentmen , Statesmen , than former ages have produced . Besides the old Records , in the respective Treasuries of the Tower , Courts at Westminster , and the Rolls , faithfully relate at large the Institutions , Jurisdictions , procedings , Judgements , Writs , Formalities , Debates , commissions , Law-cases , Judges , Officers names , customes , Fees , of all the great courts of Law , Justice , Equity ( civil , Ecclesiastical , Military , Marine ) Justices Itinerant , Justices of the Forrest , Justices of Assize , Oyer and Determiner , & of most other inferiour Courts and Commissioners both in England , Wales , Ireland , Scotland , Gascoyne , Normandy , Poyters , the Isles of Man , Gernsy , Iersy Alder●y , Serk , Silly , and other Isles ; the Stanneries in Cornwall , and in most Corporations , Counties , Hundreds , Honors , Mannors in them . Record all sorts of commissions , charters , Writs , Warrants , Instruments relating to Law , Iustice , Trade , peace , War . The Courts Jurisdictions priviledges , Mannors , Lands , Fees , Rents , exemptions , Liberties , Royalties , Tenures , Services , customs , Offices , Successions , pedigrees of the Kings , Princes , Queens , Archbishops , Bishops , Deans , Chapters , cities , corporations , Fraternities , Guilds , Nobility , Gentry , Freeholders of England , Ireland , Wales , Scotland , and all Dominions , Isles annexed to them , with sundry other particulars necessary for an accomplished Lawyer : out of which industrious Lawyers , ( if countenanced by authority , and encouraged by a a publike Salary ) might collect such a rare new Body and Systeme of the Laws , customs , courts , and ancient legal proceedings in all the courts of Justice throughout our Dominions as would as far excell all other Abridgements , collections , Reports , Institutes , Registers , Law-Books , hitherto published , for use , excellency , as the richest Diamond exceeds the basest pibble , and bring more honour , benefit to the English Nation , than all the Shepheards Calenders , and New-corps or Models of our old English Laws , attempted by Hugh Peters , Sword-men , and some bold illiterate Ignoramusses of the Law , who neuer yet perused any of our old Records , nor read over half our English Law-books , and yet will be reformers ( or deformers rather ) of what they never exactly knew not understood . In brief , the exact knowledge of our Records will furnish industrious Lawyers with such rare usefull materials of all sorts , for the publike service of their Native country , upon all emergent occasions , the benefit , information of their clyents , the honour of their profession , and their own reputation , advancement , profit , as will enable them to outshine all others of their robe unversed in the Records , as far as the Sun and Moon outshine the lesser stars , which lose all their borrowed splendor when they once appear in place . Witnesse Mr. Noy , Mr. Selden , Mr. Littleton , and some other Lawyers of late times , whose real , and

I shall clo●e up all with some Scripture-Texts discovering the excellent use , benefit of old Records , and what ●igh esteem the wisest Kings in the Old , and Paul himself in the New Testament had of them .

The first Text I shall cite , gives 〈◊〉 a true character of the Jews seditions carriage , then manifested by Records .

Exra 4. 14 , 15. Now because we are salted with the Salt of the Palace , and it was not meet for us to see the Kings dishonour : therefore have we sent and certified the ●ing , that search may be made in the Books of Records of thy fathers ; so shalt thou find in the Book of the Records , and know , that this City is a Rebellious City , and 〈◊〉 unto Kings and Provinces , and they have moved sedition within the same of old times , for which cause was the city destroyed : which appeared true upon search made in the Records : vers. 19. 20.

Esther 6. 1. On that right could not the King sleep , and he commanded to bring the Book of Kecords of the Chronicles . and they were 〈…〉 the King .

Neh. 12. 22 , 23. The Levites in the days of Eliashib , Joiada , &c. were recorded chief of the Fathers ; also the Priests to the reign of 〈◊〉 the Persian : The So●● of Lev● the chief of the Fathers were recorded in the Books of Chronicles , &c.

〈…〉 When thou comest bring with thee the books , but especially the Parchments : which the 〈◊〉 Translators 〈◊〉 Membranas , 〈◊〉 Parchment Rolls Upon which words Theodoret , Oecume●us and others thus comment ; Maxime Membranas , * * Interp. & Enar. in 2 Tim. 4. 13. Membran●s Latina magis voce , volumina , sive Chartas volubiles appell●●● la complicatis enim & involutis Chartis habebant olim quae ad divinam spectant Scripturam Quemadmo●um etiam 〈…〉 Iudaei plurima habent .

If then all our parchment Membranaes , Rolls , Records , must be burnt , Hugh Peters and his good Magistrate , to accomplish this good Work must first burn the old original parchment Membranaes & Rolls of the Old and New Testament ( the ancientest of all others ) which St. Paul was so carefull to preserve , and then those of the Kingdom next ; And whether this will be a Good or christian work , for a Good or christian Magistrate or Minister , let all sober men resolve : seeing it will totally deprive us of all sacred all civil Antiquities and Records , and be matter of greatest rejoycing advantage to our common Romish Enemies and the Jesuites the original projectors of this infernal ●esuitical designe and practice , as Ludovicus Lucius Hist. Iesuiticae l. 1. c. 6. p. 144. manifests & records .

What therefore our Saviour himself concludes of old Wine , that will all learned , discreet , sage men determine of our good old English Laws , Liberties , Records compared with Hugh Peters and others New Models , Instruments , papers relating to the publike .

Lu. 5. 39. No man having drunk Old Wine streightway desireth New for he saith the Old is better .

FINIS .
Errata and Omissions .

KInd Reader , Take notice , that the ●ecords of Edw. 1. being transcribed before the later of King John and those of Henry the 3d. and printed at guess before them , they amounting to above double the sheets conjectured , thereupon from C. p. 13. to H. p. 53. the folioes only are figured , and some sheets altogether without figures . Wherefore I shall desire thee to page them all with thy pen , from p. 13. to p. 53. that so thou maist the better correct those few Errataes which have escaped the Press in some Copies , here noted as if they had all been paged in order .

In the Epistle : p. 2. l. 27. read Endeavorer . In the Book , p. 3. l. 32. Priesthood r. 〈…〉 p. 11. l. 33. together , p. 13. l. 6. preceding , p. 16. l. 1. 〈◊〉 in , l. 14. Statutes , p. 18. l. 30. thus , p. 20. l. 3. Franket . p. 24. l. 13. placia , p. 25. l. 32. lucro . p. 27. l. 37. r. victualia , et si quem inveneritis quae deneget eis victualia , &c. p. 34. l. 36. I find , p. 37. l. 10. reddendam , p. 28. l. 36. but , then . p. 43. l. 1. Jews Chattels , p. 44. l. 37. ●erminis , p 49. l. 14. marcar . p. 52. l. 28. goods , r. bonds , p. 68. l. 15. r. nisi in , l. 21. solum , folutis , p. 75. l 5. intersit , p. 76. l. 18. execu●us , l. 33. names too , p. 81. l. 1. priestly Office only , p. 83 l. 1. dele as , p. 90. l. 2. earundem , p. 97. l. 11. falvos , p. 102. l. 1. quam aliunde , p. 104. l. 4. there . p. 108. l. 7. the Jews , p. 119. l. 8. quaerelis , p. 122. l. 3. pro , per , Now follow the Errata after H. as the pages are printed , p. 54. l. 17. r. de , p. 55. l. 20. r. Iudaei in , l. 23. quidam , p. 54. l. 13. exequuntur , p. 64. l , 10. 23. r. 53. p. 65 , l. 37. mandatum , p. 82. l. 19. indictati , l. 21. ●●●●ecerunt , l. 27. in . r. nec , l. 33. r. Judaeis metum , p. 92. l. 29. continue , p. 94. l. 9. Ed●nono . l. 28. conversi , p. 105. l. 18. alio , l. 31. and , as , p. 108. l. 19. recto , l. 36. Converts , p. 109 l. 1. fidelibus , p. 110. l. 19. in the , of his , p. 114. l. 22. ipsis , l. 10. dele et , p. 115. l. 19. causa , ausa , p. 116. l. 30. competentur ▪ p. 196. l. 19. dele Law .

Margin . p. 36. 1. Claus. 19 H. 3. p. 41. l. 1. r. 20 H. 3. p. 43. l. 7. r. Claus. 25 H. 3. p. 114. l. 1. Claus . 53. H. 3. H. 3. p. 89. l. 6. Conversorum .

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